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Les diagrammes suivant!* illustrant la milthode. 1 2 3 1 2 a 4 8 6 msn K'-Jyr.a"^^^^^^^ v^ O -;»-> Ct^-i^/C li • 'V *a!r i,va V m :: \ Mil f ''/ i^m ^— — i?l, 140 >^> I do -Af\ x Arcti Cirelt E >'* ' ^ e V /^->-. X \\\'v 11 I I I't.jii I <\i I ,111 s r r qCli«rli>Nr>|l *,»*./-i«tr»-*^"» »\ II O I. r. A K u ^ c. '«<*** /;-/ . 1^ At <»*«» / m»J Xi^^tff ~ - — • ■• « - — ^'.rAf^f* • . ' '% VVy«-//V ,.,- • ''^*': Vj\\/f.fJKJ -V /> . 1 1 ■f, ^.««/1» I 10 \ i>o I I'd 'i UtJ IlfPt- t/ff lev mK Xofti, w; ' ronnr,ff,t ^7i^'' ^'•' "" "V *he Track. TJiam V A C I .>- [yoi ilie vSliip s inployed ijiln laftVt) v«T>e to the o rmm ^^^tig*^ PUatmrtfM^ dmm'¥t'J \—^ ^■~-.K*» 'k' *>i III'!' < ^ ; X tfn ' -^iw ^ • '"••/ *<^* I c 7< \ /'<•/•/ / r /l /i.«^ , k>llr>|i T II I C 'K i.. /ww~*«j;, > ^ ,, /I-h- Jj-*> _»••. , • • Ofl >.. . . ') ^:v^:*: ■w* Tropir of Capticatn . ...-. — .— .O J .. .1 ■ »■ ,V.'r«<;^ V • •> S'''«M'«» «-<» t tf«»_ I' ¥ -^^P '•'«f!,M :iiMiB.I|JI^.Hiil_J -r-^'- r JOURNAL *\ V / \ OF Captain C O O ICs O Y A G TO THE , Pacific Ocea», A N D I N QJJ EST OF A North'Weji Pajfage^ E \r '^ *< .^ r •.!! t 1 1 ■i ■■>«i* « H A R T F O K Dj ^^ Prmtcd and fold by NATHANIEL P AT Tl N» a few Rods North of the Court-Houfe, ^ M.D.CC.LXXXin. ^ i "r« ■ .♦'■■♦; ^%- '%-. '. it V.V'^^,.v.lf' F* '■■ /5b o^o L h yr.Ky c ;. v;^.-^.r^..,H 'f . T ; I. "it^ / ■ ^ 7"^ his Excellency Jonathan TrUxMbull, Efq; Governor and Commander in chief of the Militia of the State of Conne(9:icut, and Admiral of the fame. S I R, THE affability and generofity T was honored with by you at my firft arrival in my n.itive country, after a long abfence, was truely worthy the diftinguiihcd chara£\er you always have had, and I fmcerely hope ever will fuftain in this country ; I have received it a^a teftimony of that original urbinityand dignilied ir.miliaii- Xy which diftingU'flies the magiftrate frcm the tyrant-— the people from Haves, and is flill the boon of which every fon of this country participates. Such virtues, like the rofe in the bud, are lovely in ordinary life ; but when transferred to the bofoms of the fair and great, become by the contrafting change more perfe(flly beautiful : This amiable chara<^er alone naturally infpires an attachment and a willi to participate of its favors. Under this inlluence T have pre fumed to dedicate the following work to your patronage ^ being fuliy fenfible that let its intrinficmeiit be what it will, the approba- tion which I humbly hope for from you. beneficcHce will be abfolutely neoelftry to its profj)erity. a^'-, I have the honor to fubfcribe myfeJf \''~ ^ *;.i', Your Excellency's moll refpe£\ful, ' ''^ . and mol\ obedient humble fervant. The Author. a.*; .1* a!v.i '•T' 1 I h i I li H I i ■? ■ r i?^ ill ■I ..t . •> irA 'v'^^~:^^i-¥n5r B!S"aHi \'§ "^ • >^ :. ?•• (..^C*' [If' «fr^^ PREFACE. THE iniportanceof nautical difcovery has encrcafedfo muchlince the voyages of Vasca de Gama, Colum- bus and MACfLiAN, that at this day mankind have the higheft cfteemfor the information they receive in matters of this Vind, ^nd read the accounts of fuch travellers with the mo{\ liberal :ipprobJiion, and confumate fa ti8f:i£\i;in: The following voyage among many others it is piefumed will ftnre the praiie.* of the ci^iized and fhiightened world ; the object was n« \ # f 1 ,* * A Voyage performed in his Bri- tannic Majefty's Ship Refo- lution^ in Company with the Difcovery^ under the Com- mand of Capt. James Cook. ON the i2th day of July 177^ ^^« Refolution un- moored, and dropt firmPl}mcuih Sound intoCor- fon-Bay: and on the i 3th weighed again and came to fail, ftanding down the Channel. The Difcovery who was to be our confort, was at this time detained at the Nore on account of her commander, Captain Gierke: uneafy at his delays and anxious to proceed, Captain Cook was determined to proceed and wait for him at the Cape of Good-Hope, and left inttiu£\ion:» behind pro- per for the occafion to be delivered to captain Clcrkc when he Ihould reach Plymouth. Our prefent deftination was the Cape of Good-Hope, and as it is feldom any occurrences happen in a paffago fo familiar as this, worthy the notice of an ingenious reader, I fli.iU only obferve that we touched at Teneriffe, and looked into Horto Fraya at St. Jago, and made the bcrt of our w;iy to the Cape. In general we^d ave- ry favorable pairaM;e, and arrived Ui^ before the town in Table-Bay the middle of September following. The Difcovery after a very tedious paifage did not join u« untill three weeks after our arrival. The Refolution in the mean time had nearly refited to renew th« voy- age, and was on that account able to aflTitt in forward- ing the Difcovery, fo that by the 'i7lh of November both iliipi w«re in order for fc [ 3 The Cap* of Good-Hope is very romantic and fotne how iTiHJeftically great by natuie: the mountain? that f o m the promontory* a re hs rusj^ed as lofty, they impel the imagination to wonder rather than admiie the no- velty. But the town Hnd j2;arriron at their feet difplay a cntraft that moliHes and h^^rmonizes fo as to render the whole highly finiihed. The Jand near the town was cnti '»ly b.nren until improved by the indurtry of the inhibirnnts, which has reiKHred it very fertile. The adjacent country m highly luxuriant, and noplace can boaft a ^teiMi^j plenty or variety of productions: their winesaie very fine, particularly the Confhntia fo much celebrated and fo feldom drank in its purity in Europe. As this was the only port we had the lea ft expect- ation of \ ifiting that whs poiTelTed by Europeans until our return we impoved it to the heft advanti^e in ac- cumu'.aiin':? th'- belt liores and a<< great a quantity of them as p^^flTiMe, a><;iinfl the dny of adverfity, which we had a ri'ht to anticipate: but after our Ihips were al- ready fo filled that we c ,uld not ftow in the whole above eitht'-en months piovilions at full aUovvanre: bvt reduc- ed to an allow, nee of two thi ds the eftim>ite would be two yens piov ifi ms, and this w.is the c.ife as foon ai we left the '''ape, and coniinued fo the whole voyage, Uplefs veliered by the ;jd\entiiiou8 fupplies of fome for- tunate Itland. It wiisaifo expf'cUd that wc ihould taVe with us a collef\inn of the aninnl fperies in order to diltiibute among the vpnnte IIImkIs we tliMild vifit— v/e acrordmi^ly took '^n boi d r(»u hoiTf s, l»x horned cat- tle, a number of Ib'-rp ind /oat-j, ho s. doL;s and cats, belidfa, halts r. bbit^ nnd nionlcys- duds, gcefe, tur- Ities and pea cod- s , thus did we relVmbie the ark and app-ar a^ thouTh wr» w.\Q going as well lo ftock, n9 to difcover a new world. On the fiift dav of DeremV" we toot; oiir depirturc from this great promontory and launched into that im^.^ menfe" r vv. L ] menfe ocean which furrounds fo ereat a part of th<; fouth- ern hcmifphere. Our courfe fn-m the Cape wns ;ibout S. S E. half K. and as we adv-mced \o the fouthward the weather was not vo(.jd, that it was birren and without inhabit. inls ; but that the Ibores abound'^d with tilh, and the land with leals, fea-lions, and penguin^ &c. 1 '■' The contents of the parchment were entirely true' and a Ih )rt arcount of th" vo/ager who letf it may th-Sic- fo(e be necelfdiy to rendu*r our difcoverics the more com^iGie, B "Vi I- K ♦ '1 <( Monf- T[ •\ If i. n !■•! •1 '!> c lO ] " Monf. de Kergulen,a lieutenant in the French fervice, h?id the command of 2 ihips given him, the la Fortune and le Gros Ventre. He failed from the Mauritius about the latie-- end of the year 1771, and on the 13th of Janu- ary followini< he difcovered the ifland we are now fpeak- ing of, and named it the llle of Fortune. Soon after Mnnf. de Kcrgukn faw land, us it is faid of a confider- able extent, upon which he fent one of his officers in a boat to found a-head j but the wind blowing frelh the C ptain of the other ihfp (Monf. de St. Allouarn) in the Gros-Ventre, (hot a-head and finding a bay to which he gave his (hip's name, ordered his yawl to take poCT'elfion. In the mean time, Monf. de Kergulen being driven to lew^rd and unable to recovci his Nation again, both boats returned on boa^d the Gros- Ventre, and the one of them foon aftei cut a -drift on account of bad weather. Monf. de Kergulen returned to the Mauritius, and Monf. de St. Allouarn continued for three days to take the bearings of the land, and doubled itsnorthein ex- tremity beyond which it trended S. K. After this he (hiped his courre to New-Holland, and from thence re- turned by the way of Timor and Batavia to the Ifle of France where he died. Monf. de Kergulen was after- wards promoted to the rnmniand of a 64 gun fliip, cal- led the Holland with the frigate I'Oifeau, in order to perfe£\ the difcovery of this pretended land j but return- ed with difgrace.'* That the land we now fell in with is the fame difco- vered by Kergulsn is certain i but that he ever faw a gicat Country, fuch as he pretends near this^ is very pro- blematical. [*--■ This land lies in lat. 49. 30. fouth and in 78. 10, eaft long, from the meridian of Gretnwich : Monf. deKer-' gulen had laid it down veiy erxonioufly being neiirlf two t II 1 nch fervire^ fortune and about the th of Janu- now fpeak- Soon after a confider- officera in >wing frefh Allouarn) a bay to wl to take lien being tinn again, e, and the mt of bad itius, and ya to take rthein ex- ?r this he thence re- he Ifle of va,< after- ^lip, caU I order to ut return- a' J I two degrees to the northward. It is ragged, detached, and almoft totally barren ; it feems to have been fitly appropriated by nature to be the refidence of the in- numerable herds of fea-dogs, and feaU that cover its Ihorcs : there are alfo vaft flocks of different kinda of fea-birds ; it is without any kind of wood«», or even Ihru- bery, and the only plant we could find of the cuiiniiry kind wasafpecies of wild cabbage, whicn was as wretch- ed as the fell it was indigenious to* On the 30th we took leave of this forlorn land and proceeded to the fouthem extremity of New-Hoiiand called Van Dieman's Land, from a Dutch navigator of that name. From the if^ of January 1777 to the 19th we had a fuccefnon of hard gales of wind in which we lott one of our topmafts, and were otherwife \cry roughly dealt with. On the 24th the Difcovery made the fignal for fee- ing land, which proved to be New-Holland. On the 26th we l^ood off and on, to find the bay called by Tafman, I'redcrick Henr>'s Bay. On the 27th entered Frederick HenryVBay and moo- red both Ihips. We remained at thi** place only a few days, in ^vhich time we procured a good recruit of wood «nd water, and fuch graft for the animals on bonid aji the country afforded} we caught a tolerable fupply of tilli with our feins, and this joined with our exercifefc tefrclhcd the people. The accounts given by Capt. Cook in a former voyage of New-Holland are fo full and pcrfe£\, and our prefent vilit ■V: L 12 ] i vifit was fo partial that it entirely excludes any of my obfervation> : Yet I c;Tinot but remark the difparity which is fo obvious, betv^een a noble country and its ignoble inhabitants: The ifl and of New-Hoiland (for its boundaries aie now afcertained) is by much the larg- cft now known, and nioft eligably fituated in the map of nature, about one half within and the other without the tropic of Capricorn, rnd its extent is fully fuffici- ent to gratify the moft ambitious wilh—even the Em- prefs of Rulfia might be gratified with fuch a portion. From its northern extremity oppofite New-Guinea to its foutlern called Van Dieman's, it comprehends above 30 degrees of lat. and from eaft to weft about 43 degrees of longit. The vicinity of its northern boundaries to the moft commercial parts of the P^aft-Indies is alfo a moft glorious circumftance; ?nd yet with all thete advan- tages, the New-Hollander is a mere favage, nay more he pulfeiTes the loweft rank even in this clafs of beings— St leaft thofe I faw to the fouthward were fuch. 'i'hey are the only people who aie known to go with 'their peifnns entirely naked that ha\e even been yet difco- lered. Amidft the moft ftatcly groves of wood they have neither weapons of defence, of any othei fperie^ of in- ftniments applicable to any other of the various pur- poses of life ; contngeous to fea rhey have no canoes and expofed from the nature of the climate to the na- tural inclem>*incies of the feafons as well as from the anoy-iinces^ of the be)fts of the fo;elt; thfy have no lioufes to leiiro to, but the temporary Ihe'tfr of a few pieces of old bark laid tranfveilly over feme fm-ill j^oles; They appear alfo to be iria£\ive, indolent ai'.d unMfTtitr'd with the le?ift nppear,tnre of curiofity, they are of a n.id- ^ iin«r ftitiire, but indiftV'vent in their j^erfr.ns, of a dark Complexinn bordnin : on Mack, theii hair a little woo- ly, their fentuves difcoidant and without ;iiy kmd of or- nament or d^efs. As we had obferied no quadiupedes . . of f ,**■ [ IJ ] of the domeftic kind here we left a boar and a fow, which were prefentcd to an elderly man among them : We alfo diftiibuted as Frefent3 among them fevernl me- dijls to perpetuate the memory of the voyage. Out bo- tanical refeatches were tolerably fuccefsful. On the ifl of February we left New-Holland, and on the loih were off Charloite-Sound at New-Zealand. On the 1 2th we entered a cove, and both fliipsmoor-' cd.. New-Zealand confifts of two iflands feparaied by a narrow ftrait called Cook's Straits: Taken collective- ly they aie about fix hundred miles long, but very un- equal in bieadth : They are fituate between the 35th and 47th decrees of fouthern lat. and between the i66th and i7')th degrees of long, eaft frcm Greenwich; and as the climate is admirable, fo is the apjcarance of the foil, but near the fea-coaft the land is inclined to be mountanious: It is almoft every where covered with ftately foreft^, and almvift imp-^-netrable thickets: The country appears to be but thinly inhabited, and we con- jecture that this failure in population originates chiefly from the conftant ftate of warfare that fubfifts among the inhabitants, their feeble advancements in agriculture, and the defultory manner of their lives in general. The New-Zealanders are g' net ally well made, Itrong and roburt, particularly their chiefs, who among all the fa- vage fons of war I ever faw, are the molt formidable. When a New-Zealander ItanJs forth and brandilhts his fpear the fubfequent idea is (and nature mikes the con- feflion) there liinds a man. It i*' their native courage, their great perfonal prowefs, their irteverfible intrepe- dity, and determined fixed perfeverance that is pro- du£\ive of thofe obrtinate attacks we have found among tiiem when we have appealed to the decifions of war. In the article of drefa amoni^ them there is but littlo diverfifi cation J -> i 'm. I 14 1 :!i. dii^erfi ft cation : In common they wear a clout about the loins, fabricated from a fpedesof grafs, which they twift and unite together fo as lo refemble our mnnner of weav- ing, bur if the feafon or their caprice requires; they add what they cah the Eugabuga or the Toga, and fometimes both. The Bu^*ibuga is a very coarfe cover- ing made with little trouble, and affoids a good fl»ei- tcr from cold or wet weather: The Toga is different and is equally calculated lor ufe and elegance : The Bugabuga is foimed lound and converging to the top where there is an appeiture juft futficient to admit the head to pafs through, and when en, coveis the body as low as the hip: If if itornns, or they have occallon to ftop where they have no ether Ihelter they fquat down upon their hams, and then the bottom of the Eugabuga reaching the ground, forms a (belter to the wlioie body (the head excepted) whiv h looVs in that fitu^tion as if it had been fevered from a human fo:m, and fixtd upon a hay-cock. The Toga is their ne plus ultra in this fort of manufa£\ory : It is in iize and foim like a eemmon blanket ; its texture is fimple, but the induf- try and ingenuity beftowed upon it in other iefpe£\8 rejders it compa£t, ftrong and handfcme : The materi- als of the manufacture are the grafs before-mentioned, which is a kind of filV-t;rafs, f?iid to be indigenous to the CQuntry, and the hair of their dogs blended togeiher. This garmf^nt they wear mantle-wife, commonly leav- ing the right arm and bre; ft uncovered, carrying a fpear in the right hand from thirty to forty feet long. They paint their faces with a coarfe red paint, and oil or gre^fe the he^d and upper part of the body : The hair in both frxe* as well as their drefs is wore much alike, and being geneially long and black, it is tied in a knot up- on the top of the head. They are very curiuofly ta- ♦owed or punOunted in difTerent parts of the body, par- ticularly in the face. The food of the New-Zealanders is ^ c 25 1 about the they twift of weav- es; they oga, and rfe cover- ood fljel- I diiftrent ce : The the top idmit the e body as cpifion to nat down ^ugabuga loie body UrJtion as and tixtd s ultra in m like a rhe induf- r iefpe£^8 e materi- entioned, ;enous to togejher. )nly Jeav- jg a fpear ?• They nd oil or ^e h^ir in liVc, and knot up- iuofly ta- )dy, par- ial^inders is I 4 is chiefly filh, fome of which they dry and feme they cat raw: They have alfo fome yams upon the northern If- land. but not in plenty : They have no hogs or other animals, except a few fmall dogs, which they eat oc» rafionally. They have fine large jftrong canoes, fome of which will carry upwa'-ds of an hundred men, and in thefe they generally fight their enemies. Notwithftandin2j New-Zealand has been viftted feve* ral times by difi-rent voyagers, and particularly by Cook, yet their ferocious manners have prevented their vifitants from being otherwife than very partially ac* quainted with their manners and cuftoms: But in ge- neral they may be fa id to refemble ihofe who have no other guide to knowledge or improvements, but the ftrong di£\ates of nature and neceffiry, and the direOion of a few traditionary precepts, and thefe rendered imperfect by time and the imperfe£\ion of the mind : After a la- bored ei quiry on our part with regard to their anceftort and the original population of the country, the only in* formation we h^ve obtained, is, " That their fore-fathers at fome very remote pe.iod, but how remote they knew »L>t, came from a far diftant iflmd called Hawyjec." This is imperfe£\, but as we afterwards aOually dif- Covered an iiliid called by its inhabitants Owyhee, or rather as ihey pronounce it Hawyhee. I cannot think the information ufelefs, but highly fortunate, as will be remarked hereiificr. As to the religion of the New-Zealauders we know little about it. however this I fliall not htfitate to ebferve, that they have fome idea that refpcOs a God, and they are not alh-med of him, and if marriage is a religious ceremony with ih^tn they alfo do that great honor ; for here, as well as. among the tropical iflandt, adultry is punilhed with,]§eath, and the fpurious off* fpiing of fuch an intcrceurfe iliares the fame fate; but ;^^. . -^ this 'ij -e*^. s ■% e ^ % ^ K V l\i I 16 ] f -t this laft piece of policy, for I cannot call it virtue, will not I think redound to their honor ; it feems however to be the cafe with all uncivilized beings to be aOuated by extremes. They are fufceptable of the tender paffi- ons, and their women of communicating as well as re- ceiving the moft ardent love. Belonging to the Difco- very there was a youth, with whom a young Zealand- er girl, about fourteen years of age, fell defperately in love, nor was he wholly indifferent to this engaging Brunett ; what time he could fpare he generally retired with her, and they fpent the day, but oftener the night in a kind of filent converfation, in which, though words were wanting, their meaning was perfe£\ly underftood; ^ the language of love among all the languages in this fublunary world is thefooneft comprehended. But though our failor appeared amiable in her eyes in the habit of a ftranger he was cnnfciou^ that to ornament hii perfon in the fafliion of New-Zealand would flill recom- mend him more to his miftrefs and the country he was in ; he therefore fubmitted himfelf to be ta towed from head to footj nor was ihe lefs felicitous on her part to fet herfelf off to the bcft advantage. She had fine hair, and her chief pride wis in the dreffing of her head. The pains flic took, and the decorations Ihs ufed would perhaps have done honor to an European beauty, had not one thing been wanting to icnder it ftillmore pleafmg. Gowannahee, (that was her name) though young, was not fo delicate but that the traits of her country might be traced in her locks, to remedy this misfortune ihe was furnilhed with combs rnc taught by her lo\er how to ufe them. After being properly prepared he would by the hour amufe himfelf with forming her hair into ringlets, rendering them tit for the reiidence of the little loves. The dilUlle arifing from colour gradually woie o tue, win wever to a£^uated cler paffi- !ll as re- e Difco- Zealand- rately in engaging Y retired the night gh wordi ierftood ; s in this it though habit of lent hi» J recom- K he was 'ed from part to had fine of her ihe ufed beauty, '^^\ more I 17 3 Wore off J their fentimen*? improved, and frotn impart- ing their p .flions, they became dt iaft capab e and de» firous of connniunicatinsj the hiftory of their lives to each other. Love and iealoufy di;e£\ed her inqi.i iew ( on- cerning the women in the country from whence he crn.e, wifbing at the fame time that he would Ihy with h^r and be a Chief. He m de her to underli nd th;'t ihe women in her country were mHn-e;-:ter«Q, and if hc^ihuuld ftay with her he mi«;ht alfo be eat by ihem; ilie an- fwered no, and faid ftie would love him. He f«nd tlie men would kill him when left behind and alone. She faid no if he did not Ihoot them. He acquain ei her that nine or ten of his countiymen had f^^^?n kiliedand eaten by them though they did not i the men of her country. Her anfwer was, that a ^re^it while ago, and the people who did it, cnine from the hilly a great way off. This excited his cuiiofiry to knew ii" any of her relations were am'^n< the muderers; Ihe fitihed and appeared much afft:d°d when he nfked her that queftion. He afked if Ihe was at the Tea ft when they broiled and eat the men? .^he wept, hun'^ down her head and faid nothing. He became IHU m re picirivjf as Ihe grew referved; he tried every winin,;^ w ly that love and curiofity fuajgefted^ to leatn from her whit he found ihe knew and feeuied nclined tu cor.ceal, but fha artfully avoided hi?: enquir ss. He afked her why the wasibfecrct? She pretended not to undetttHnd him, Findint? all hi- perlualions ineffe6"\u:il he timed from her, feemine^ly in «;reat an^er, and threatened to lea\e her ; this had its intended eff O, Ihe cauf\ht him round the neck ;— he nlk'»d her what fhe me^ni ? She f.iid h^r countrymen would kill her if ilic flwuid di\ul,cre .jny thing; hef;iid they Ih aild not 1 now it; hut vvon'; you hate me faid Ih^ -^ He fnid no, but L>\e her more^ ^ind prelTed her to his breaft ; lhep;rr.v compoled, ?nd Hnal- \y informed him what Hie knew abuut iheniiuter. : i. ■■ w . w * • ,» [ I« 1 w ?hc g^ve him to underftand that one Goob»a, a very bad man, who had been often at the lliipandhad ftolen ni.iny things, when he came to underftand llie was about to fail went up into the hill country and invited the warriors to come. down and kill the ftrangers. They at tiiit refufed, faying the ftrangers were ftronger than they, pMrticularly inilnuating the foice of the fire arm{», he told them they n^d not fear, for he knew where they iTiu{\ cnae before they departed, in order to pro- cure grifs for their c.utle, and that on fuch occafioni ihey left their fire-arms behind them in the (hip or carelefsly about the ground, while they were Jrt work. They faid they were no enemies but friends, and that they mart not kill men with whom they were in friend- ihip. Go(^boa f^iid they were vile enemies, and com- ph:ined of their chaining him and beating him, and lliewed them the marks and bruizes he had received at the Tnip: And rold them befides how they might de- firoy their tire-arm« by throwing water over them. Goo- boa undertook to condu£\ them in fafety to the place wliere the ftrangers were to come, and (hewed them where they miuht conceal themlielves until he ftiould Come ?!nd give them notice, which he did. And when the men were bufy about geting grafs and not thinking any harm, th^ warriors rullied out upon them and kil- led them with theii Pntnpaiows, and then divided their bodies among them. She added that there were women as well as men concerned, and that the women madt the iires while the warriors cut the dead men in pieces; that they did not eat th^'m all at once, but only their etraiL-^; that the wirrio^s had the heads which were eftccnicd the Left, ?nd the reft of the llelh was diftri- butMJ ;;mong the croud. Having by various queftioni in the courfe of feverai days obtained this relation of which he fa id he had no realon to doubt the truth, he forbore to afk her wh^it part her relations and herfelf born in this tia^^edy as there was rsaCttn to believe they I K- I, a very to pro- •ccafiont (hip or t Work. ^nd that friend- nd com- n, and received ight de- I. Goo- le place ;d them ; ihould d when hinking nd kil- d their t 1^ J were all equally concerned. He was however very fo- licitious to learn if any fuch plot was now in agitati- on againft the people that might be fent upon the fame fervicc to Grafs-Cove or elfwhere. Her anfwer was, no j the warriors were afraid at firft that the ftiips were come to revenue the death of their friends, and that was the reafon why Ihe was forbidden to fpe^k of killing the ftrangers, or to confefs any knowledge of it were Ihe alked the queftion. She faid Ihe was but a child about ten years old, but Ihe remembered the talk ^f it as :i great atchievement j and that they made fongs in praife of it. On the 25th of February the Il)ip9 being ready for fea, the precaution of niulieiing the fliips- company w^» taken, when it was found that one was miflinK.* This was our adventurer who with his faithful Gownnnaheo had completely made their efcape. A meiienKer wag immediately difpatched on board the Pvefolulion to know how to proceed: And when the meilage w^s delivered, the captains and officers were joynu!* over their bottle* At firft it only furnilhed a fubjed of pleafaniry; but it came at la ft to be ferioully debated whether the man Ih ^uld be fent for back, or not. Moll were for leaving; him •to follow his own humor: Eut Capt. Cook thinling it would be a bad precedent, and an enccurngir.ent to o- ther enamoratoes, when they came to the liappier cli- mates to follow the example, was for fending an armfd force and bringing the nK^n back at all hnz;ir(]s. Of this opinion was his own Captain with whom he was a favorite, who < no doubt of love, u{ nngdcmJ*, and of dia* deuisj o\ b^jn^ the progenitors of a numerous family of pi laces' to kin\ern the kingdoms of Ea-keiinommauwec *< not only rendered ujjhnppy in hiu wlFc-dit'ns, but hid Itill to abide the rigid fentenco of a court very unlike to love. Kut the fituation of the f'Uird w.ifi critical le:ill the cries and Inmentations of G)w:inn'«h^e Ihould route the favagts to fl^ughter un- der the aduint.!/,e^ of a dark ni,:;ht and a tliick wood, I hey the.rfore Jnih^n'^d to the cutter leaving this un- fo'tunnte girl the pi^'tu e of nioft dirt. f fling anguifli. It WIS m'ni the next diy befoie they nnivcd at the iliipa, and tlie riptain^ began to be anxious for the fafety of lie peope. When they nrri'.fd the prifoner tj-^s car- lied on bfwiid the commodo. c, where he* undeiwent a and iniide a full conUflfnn of all hijj I m ' < X nun Mif'n, view,^ and the p?5in« he hid taken to bring thnn to l^'^rfeainn. Th.it he had Cfjnridtred the ha/ird and re- wird, and t'h^t the aident Jove for his Cowannahec bad df te niinrd him. .'ind would, had the dnngeis thnt iD'uht h.ive enfued been greateu Capt. Cook aitcmiOi- t;l at the youag m^n''* extravagdnt notional, pleaftd at •'J f n ] ^"^ his fr^n!'nefs inftJintly forgave him and ordered him to his duty, teliin/, him he was convinced that even hi« piefent firuation and feeling? muft be a fufficient pu- nilhnient for a much greatei crime. On the 27th of February both (hips came to fail, and on the aiih cleared the land palfjng through Cook's Suaits* We took with ui from New-Zealand (wo boysj the olcjfft called Tiieru.i, was ab-ut feventeen yean old: The other cailed Kohaw was about ten. Tiberua was the fon of a Chief, ftout and well m^de, but of a f^»ro- cious ijloomy afpea : Kohaw wa«ayuung lively agree- a^iC cliild. It is faid they were purchafcd from their parent-, ii they were, it was upon fuch conditions as were 1 ept concealed." They were however intended by Capt.iin Cook as fervmis to Omai (the native of Otaheite) and were to be left with him at that Iflind* The cattle we had on board which we brought from the Cape Good-Hope were in good circumllnnces hav- ing been well refrclhed by being on Ihoie; and we had procured a ^oQd fiipply of fuch wild grafs as New-Zea- land nffirded for their fubfiftance at fea. We had al« fnniade a confiderable quantity of beer from the fpruGC 01 th.'it ci^untry, which is good and in unbounded plenty. Jt iM elt(!einfd an excellent fea-beverage and a great ;u;ii-fco»buiic While itlafted the allowance of fpiiits was wiihheU from the people. We alfo took wildcel- ]^.\y and fcurvy-grafs with us to fea, both which arc na uiiTril to the Country. Our courfe from New-Zealand wa«i j^ener.iUy K. B. N. March iaevera blowing month -Jnd we here felt iti force having from the fitftofthat rronth to t'le aoth experienced a fucf.eir»on (jf hard gales, icorn violent ipjii iropi ipri nin«; hut thrfe were fent in mcic/ to ^s for wc were luch dilkefftd for water. Or \ \ \ i • "^^ssm i it I ^« I t m M t On the 29tli of March we made land, which proved to -be a new-difcovered ifl^nd called by the nativet Manganooanooa it lies in lat. 21. 54. fouth and in 201 59 eaft long, it h about eight leagues in length and four in breadth: It makes a delightful appearance and like other tropical ifland^ in this ocean is covered thick with cocoanut, palm, bread-fruit and other tieea, and produ£\ioas commcn to the climate. On the 30ih we went in with the land, and beinj about a mile and an half from the fliore faw 5 or 60a people armed with fpcars and clubs d:awn up in a bo- dy upon the beach Ihouting and runing about, but whe- ther ihcy appeared here to oppofe our Innding or only in confequenri of their furpri/.e could not b(' detcmiin- cd, though the Ihore did not app^^ar fuvourable, to fee if we could tind anchorage for the Ihips and fome kind f»f a landing place for we weie verylbort of water and the weather w is hf)t but we were fometime withheld from doing thi3 by the apperancc of a caroe which we faw api)ioaching the lliip with one man in it. He ap- proached the ihip with diftidence but did not feern much terrified. As foon as he was near enough to us we Ihew- edhimfevcral European trinkets and made fuchfigns to him, as we thought he would beft undeiftaivl meaning to conciliate hi? good will and prevail upon him to eome on boatd the Ihip. He accepted of f( me of tht tririe.i ofT'^ied him, particularly iome flireds of ^.arlet broad cloth, but no iion. H« would not come on board, but as he went aw^y beckoned us to tl-,e Ihore and fpoke to us: What we could underlhnd of his dif- courfe was a fiimdly affurance of good tieaiment, and that hi9 country air)rded both meat and diink. After thiji we fenr three bi)at8 manned and armed to lecon- roitre the llvMe, and deteimine if it was arcelfjble tci the purpofes of watering. They were abfeal the bell part of the diy, und finally letumed with an account that the ill;nd was furrcundcd by one continued leef 01 i^ r(»ra! / / t as 3 toral rocks and r.nu\d not be approached. This it much the c.ifc with all the tropical iflands in the fouthein and norihefn piicific oce;?H?. Thf* hoars durino; their abfencc h?d bcfn incelLnntly furrounde d by the inhabit- ants, foir.e In canoes, others on llo'ats nifide of b;iiTiboo, and fonie fwiniin,2;. The nrioft of them brought f«)ire- thins: with them: Some hogs, fome fiuit, and fom« the ma' ufnOures of the country, all of which were cx- f hinged with us for a In, oft nothinc; in our efteem, but highly pleifing to thefe new-found fens of Mur. The enterviev; v,e had with thefe perple fully con- vinced us that they were (to pppeannce) the fr'mc peo- ple who mhabit the tropical ill^nds in the two Pacifict. What thefe appearances are that conftitute fuch an o- pinion will be amply treated of when it will be more agieeab'.c to the hiilorian and the readei to attend to them. On the 31ft we again difcovered hnd, which prov- ed to be another new-difcovered illmd 30. leagues from Manxanooanooa, railed Awgadoo. This we pnlfed with- out particular examination, judging from the tremen- duous furf upon its Ihoies that it w.ig eciually inaccelT- able as ManKanooanooa. On the ill of April we were fo fortunate as to fall in with ^mother new-difcovered ifland called by the natives Wattcw, fituate in lat. 19. 51. fouth, and lon^, 201. ^8. eart. This ifl.ind we al- fo found equally difficult to approach with our boats, Hut as their canoes are better cdcul.ited for a high fiiif, fome of our offi'ers were dettiminfd to land in iheroj and taVe a view of the ifliiid.' Omai (th-? Ota- heite Indian) was in thrir fuite. When they landed they were for fometirne unable to advance through the fur round in '4, wondering throng. 'Ihry h:id not proceed^ f^ hill a mi'c before they were pliin({«red of every ar« •icltc they hid about their: Swm« ihingi wct% taken by meio J r}f >' } ^ badly digefted in a Kiiiiib fliip of war. They were however richly repaid for this n.isfortune by finding fe- veral natives of Heuheine among the company. Hue- he ine is one cf the Society- Ifli nils 500 leagues to the eaftward of this. This circumft mce wns known as foon as the natives came to undeiftand that Omai was one of that country. Our adventurers were all fur prized at the information, but particularly Omai who impatient and iranfported Hew into their arms in an excefi of joy and wept for fome time. It had its effeO upon thofe who were lefs interefted, and when the nrifi\e«who hadjuft plundered the Grangers found Omai a former neighbour of theft foieign inhabit.' nts who weie now chiefg a« inong them, they retu ned every thing valuable they had taken from him and his companions, and loaded them with fuch prcfents as the country produced. Ai foon as thefe matteis were fettled Omni defiied to be particularly informed how they CPme there; in this he was fully grrtiHv'd, and related it afterwards to dpt. Cook in thrfe wo ds : ** About twelve years from that time fourteen peifnns (including n.'-n, wom^n ^nd chil- dren) A ere removing with their f!Tec\s 11 om Hi. neine to Ot^hcite (whi(h both belong to a cluftf r of fl.ind? nearly in fight o( each other called the bociciy-lflmdV' A • c 1 y thought n xhe.y ar* )er of peo* ig a roiift- . Our ad- to the rn- obed them en Rlad to t moft piu- , and give e fet down il— a thin^ Ihcy were finding fc- \y. Hue- gues to the ^vn ?.$ (oon was one of ized :^t the >atient ^nd of joy and thofe who ho h^d juft [ nei. hbour chiefi a- uab!e they nnd loaded ducrd. Al fiicd to be in this he df to Ci'pt. from that n nnd chil* 1 Hi. heine r of fl.mdf ciy-ldipd*' II fi € '•y and were overtaken in a ftorm, blown ofTfrom the land and driv«n they knew not where for the fpare of thirteen daysjdurin^ which time half their number h^J died throus^h •xcefTue fatigue and hunger, and that after that time they who hid finally furvived were rendered fo extremely weak as to be infenfible.what happened to them until they found themfelves on that ifland and in the hands of the people they were then among." Omai.ofTered to intrrceed with the captains for his countrymen if they would accept of a pnirr. '■":'' On ^n /■»<•» nmj m I a« ] 11; .< On the 26th at night we made fail and p/.ft an ifland called Savage- Ifland, difcovered by Cook in a foimer voyage. On the a 9th w« fell in with one of that group of iflands called the Friendly Ifl.mds. Thi? ifland by the natives is called Anr iilmoft a- ^hich they 1 the vifiti ick on (bore ling paffage r, particu- d on iboie ijs the ill ft intcrcourie ii i (lands, iful fupply e of to the that n.eans liip8 provi- arcjains un- liUa. We after a nioft cattle we :onfideiable fupply fupply of pork which we (Ated ; we fer fail for a group of fmall ifl^nds within fight to the northward called the Appy-Iihnds by the natives. I think we reckoned thirty-five of thofe ill;itids, but, except four of them, they are very diminutive, and only reforted to occafionally from the larger ones the principal of which i? called by the natives Calwfoy, which is about thirty miles in circumference and thick inhabited. We were three days cruizing about among thefe illands. And, On the 17th of May we anchored at CalaCoy, where- we remained until the 25 ih, and procured a hne fupply of provifions, and had a very friendly . interview with the inhabitanti. On the 26th we again camt to fail, and returned to Anamoca, but having very bad weather we did not reach it until the 5th of Jline when we anchored in cur old birtiK We tarried here only four days, and, On the 19th fet fail for an ifland called by the na- tives Toni];ot.iboo, and by Tafman Amfterdam, as beingj thr largcit iflnnd in all that group, which colle£\ively we called the Friendly liles. Tongotaboo lying S. W. about nine leagues from Anamoca we leached it the fame night though we paffcd through very difficult na- vigation, and anchored in a fine harbour on the north fide of the illand about one fourth of a mile from the Ibore. The inhabit;ints who had heard of our arrival and expe£\ing a vifit from us came off to 111 to the num- ber of two or thrne hundied cnoes bringing large fup- plies of hogs and the provilions of the countiy. ! On the loth of June we carried two large tentt, two aftronoiiiical tents and a markee a-fl\ore accompa- nied by a ftrong guard of marines, wnd ereOed them on a fpacious g^^'en cncircltd \/ •« grove of tall tree* a- Ibout fprty rodi from the water-lidc, which lay north of til t'.. 1 our !l' ■\'U h-- m^^'-^: U \< I [ ^t ] our encampment on the caft we had a beautiful lagoon thyt leachtd feveral miles into the country on the margin of which werf disperfed fome houfes : On the fuuth a branch of ihc iJme lagoon and on the werta thin tali woods in which was inter fperfed feveral mo 're houfes ; after our tents were pitched and the guard Appointed Cook went on lhor« attended by a chief cal- led Polahow who was the fupreme governor of all thefe ill.inds and invited him to his markes. l-'olahow w?is a iUMn about Hfty-ii\e years of age and about the middle i^atufe, but exceirive fat And corpulent, yet aOive and full o( life ; he was exceeding good n.jtured and humane, very feniible and prudent, ?.nd remarkably timorous : He was attended by another chieE called Phenow, who W38 one of the molt gr.iceful men I ever faw in the Pa- cific oce^m. He was about 5 feet ii inches high, lle- fljy but not fnt, and oornpleiejly ^formed : He was open and free in Ins difpofition, full of vivacity, enterpriz- ing and bold, expert in all the acquirements of his coun- try, particularly in their art of navigation, over which he prellded, and what is efteemed r^mong iheiii as a neceifiiy ingredient in a grerit chara^er was poifeffed of uncommon ftrength and agility; he was belides ex- tremely haidfome, he had a large prominent eye full of fire and great exprelTion, an aquiline nofc and a well foimed fnce: His hair which was long, hung after the rrj-inner of the country in thick bulhy ringlets over hn (h»uldc;is: With all thefe accomplilliments he was ex- tremely p. pul'ir among the people, and the idol of the fair, having; himfelf one of the moA beautiful brunetts for a wii»- ihit the hr.nds of iialuie ever finiihed, but during our ftay he was feldom with her or with u% his active fowl was e\er on the wing, and in his ca- noe whiih fiiled exceedingly fwift he would in iweniy- lour hours luiK^und the whole gioup of illands, and al- moft vifit thnn individuallj . If wc loft any goods, and iney weie c^ri^d eiihc; in land upon Tongotaboo or ' t« ■^ iV -IS iful lagoon itry on the s : On the the weft a everal mote the guard 3 chief cal- of all thefe iahow w?»s a t the middle aOive and and humane, y timorous : henow, who V in the Pa- 68 high, tle- rle was open , enterpriz- s of his coun- ovei which i them as a as poir*ffed beildes ex- ent eye full c and a well ing after the ets over hii he was ex- idol of the liful brunetta iniihed, but or wiih U5, 1 in his ca- Id in tweni/- ands, and al- y goods, and angola boo or 'to ■if '•vs 4 4 t 2P 3 t» any of the detached i(l.inds our only confidential re- fourfe was Phenow; or if any other emergency requir- ed difpatch, policy, courage or force, Phenow was the man to advice and a£\. In fhort, without his particu- lar airiitance joined to that of Polahow our vifit at thii large populous ill and would have been one continual broil proceeding from the pilfering difpoiition of the in- habitants, our methods of obtaining fatisfa£\ion and their tumultuous and fa^ious difpofitions : But that my accounts of thefc two noble Indians may be entirely true ^ind impartial. I muft obferve that notwithflanding this gc- ncial attachment to our interell and friendihip, which did them fo much honor, and us fo much effential fer- vice, they fometimes fell into temptation themfelvej and did as others did. How often, Phenow, have I felt for thee, the embarralfments of thefe involuntary ofifenrcs againfl: a-people thou didfl as well love and wouldft as foon have befriended when thou waft accufed and ftood condemned as when not, and at that inftant would moft willingly have fliared with thee thofe dif- trelles which lefulted only from imputed guilt and a theory of moral virtue thou couldft be no farther ac- quainted wjjh, than fiom the diOates of uncultivated nature or imagine from the countenances of ftrangen— more favage ihcmCelves with all their improvemeatt than thou wert without a lingle one of them. The converfation at the marl^ee between Cook and thefe two Chiefs could be carried on but very indiffer- ently from our ignorance of the language which though radically the Ume as at New-Zealand and (Jtaheiteo yet differing in the diale6\ confounded us a good deal at firft. It was however apparent that they were ex- tremely friendly dirp< do us all the good they could and as little ill as pclTible for Polahow in- timated plainly to Cook that it did not lay in his pow- numeroui ' fubjcai fl to do good at all. times on account of his i 'i ■'^\ u * I t f' (/" gms Ifi I r i! ' ' Mil [ 30 ] fhbjefts who would he fa id on fuch an occaiion as our vifit, even wiangle with one another and perhaps with the ftrangers, and when they went out of the inarkee Polahow to convince Cook in a ftronger manner than he could by words of his fincerity Ted him accompanied ftill by Phenow t6 a fnupj commodious houfe of his own that was fil anted in a thick embowring Ihade about 20 paccsfmm one of our tents and made him an offer of it; this Cook accepted, and afterwards made occafional ufe of, and fcmetime.i Polahow lodged in it himfelf. It was now near fun-fet, and Cook being defirousof teaching the natives (once for all) what he expeOed of them relative to their condu£^ at the tents, defired Polahow and Phenow to fignify to their people that at the going down of the fun they mufl retire and by no means appioach the ground they had given us until it again rofe or his guard would kill them: Phenow in- ftantly fteped on to the green and proclaimed this in- telligence to the natives that were prefent who all in- ftantiy retired; at the fame time a picket marched while the drum be:ot and then received fomc drre^i- ons from him and went away and returned again very foon with fome baked yams and fifli rolled up in frefti plantain leaves and deprfited in a little bafket made oC palm-tree leaves, and a large cocanut ll>ell of clean frefti water and a fmallercne of fait water, thefe he fat down and went and J^rought a mefs of the fame kind and fat them down ly me. Polahow then defired I would eat, but preferin^ fait which I had in the tent, to the fea-water which they ufed, I called one of the guard and had foroe of that brought me to eat with my lilli. which were really moft delightfully dreffed and of which I eai very heartily. Their animal and vegetable food i? dreffed in the liime manner here as at the Tout hem and northern tror- pical iil;4nds throughout thefe fe;is, being all baked a^ mong hot ftones laid in a hole and revered over firft with leaves and then with ni^uJd. Palahow was (td by the chiri who waited on him both with vi^fei;)j8 and drink. After he had Fmillird,, the remains were carried ;»way by the chief in waiting who returned foon after with two large feparute rolls of cloth an^^ tw© Jjtile low wood«n ftool.<<. The cloth was for a covering while a fleep, arid the rtools to raife and reft the head on as ^wc do on a pillow : Thefe wer« left within the houfe •>:f ,: er 1% [■■.-■ ! I I I 3« 3 ih^ 'SI rf 11 i I^^H «i 1»H or rather under the roof— one fide being op«n. The floor within was compofed of cogrfe dry grafs, leaves and Howers, over which was fpread large well wrought matts. On this Polahow and I removed and fat down while the chief unrolled and fpread out the cloath j after which he retired and in a few minutes there ap- peared a fine young girl about 17 years of age, who approaching Polahow ftooped and kiffed his great toe, and then retired and fet down in an oppofite part of the houfe. It was now about nine o'clock and a bright moon (hine, the iky was ferene and the winds hulhed. Suddenly I heird a number of their tlutes beginning; nearly at the fame time burft from every quarter of the '■[, furrounding grove : And whether this was meant as an exhilarating ferenadeoi a foething foporific to the great Polahow I cannot tell, though in fa £^ from the appear- -ance of the young giil and other circumftances T mult eonfefs my heart fuggefted other matters j but my heart at that time wa» what Polahow's ought to have been and not what it was — I appeal to any one. Polahow immediately on hearing the mufic took me by the hand '^.j intimating that he was going to fleep and fliewing me the other cloth which was fpread nearly befide him and ;. the pillow, invited me to ufe it. I pretended to ac- ' quiefce, but a bed of Howers only added to my uneafi- neft. A$ foon as Polahow h^d lain down, the girl ap- proached him and fprerad the cloth over him after which Ihe fat down behind him as he lay upon his fide and began one of the moft extraordinary operations I ever before had feen or heard of, which was pating him on jriors with ti poftei paJ teinately in a confiant and quick fuccelTion of gentle ftrokes which flie continued with unremitted uniformity and celerity until Ihe found her lord faft'a fleep when flie gently rofe and went oflf. This performance lafted about three quarters of an hour and both the novelty of it and the fitualion I was inrefptt^ing a yariftyof ob- je<\* i> * I 3 J 1 jeOs and fentimenta left me in a };ind of liftlefs xnvexie. Whether this ceremony rerpe£\ed Polahow merely as a mark of diftin£\icn, or whether the operation wa« ap- plied as a provocative to certain palFnns— as a luhby to ileep or to affuagethe embarrafTiuents he was under in that altitude from his afthmitic complaints I cannot de- determine. It is true faid I, rifing from my reverie and walking out into the -niddle of the green in the full moon ftiine, where I could extend my prorpe£\« and where the founds that proceeded from the circumvent u- lating flutes would more regularly pafs the ear. — It Is true, that of all the animals from the polypus to man, the latter is the moft hippy and the moft wretched, dancing through life between thefe two extrem^^s he flicks his head amon^s: theftars, or hisnofe in the earth, or fufpended by a cobw;.b in fome middle altitude ht hangs HP e a being indigenous to no fphere or uKiitfor atiy, or like thefe Indians he is happy becaufe he is infenfible of it or lakes no pains to be fo. On the loth we got what few fick we h-'d on fljo^e, and alfo brought our cattle on Ihore j we alfo '•ftablilh- ed a mart upon the green before our encampment, r.-nd appointed particular perfons to traffic with the natives^ for the provifions of the country, and that the trado Ihould wholly centre there, nothing was purchafed at the (hips, by this means we had every day a regc'ar fair cKchangej the n?itives fet down in a tircle on the outfide of the green with their goods, and ourpuryeyors walked round and purchafed j they came cr.nftantly every day by fevcn or ei^hr in the morning and went regu- larly and happily away before fun-diwn in the evening- We had alfo our wonders and waterers and fail-mak«i8 on Ihore, nnd every body was bulTily employed, and the utmoft expedition made in getting ready for {fi9 ngain. • After the mukets weit over there being generally an hooi or twO) aad fometimes thofe b«foic daik, the na«- si \ \ \ ^] m m m-- i' *■ W^.l I x tivf^ ta^ilecUin us. and exhibit their own acfcbmplifl'i- mrqlt) ufe4 to forin matches at wreftlin;% boxing, andf !j -f ojtiief athleeic excexcifea,. of which they were very vain, ■i' t and in which they were by far t\ie beft actfbnipiillVed I I zmong all the people we had ever vifi ted before or I jp after. Thefe extr^ifes were always perforitieti rn tJ^C' II :^ green within the circJe, and among tl^e Tndian fpe^^Jtots* there w*re a cert>r?ncc was certainly our imaginary greatncfs, ?nJ t^tl't - . n^ unavoidably decline if not preferved by feme iindicd ineana. It was therefore deteunined to prefeivfand if poflible to piomote thi« imaginary fuperioiity j and as nothing could be more condufive to acccmpliih it than foms^ extraordinary exhibition that would ' ? incompre- henfibly great to them, 4nd without any hazard nf mif* c »rriage on our part, we were refolved to play off fomc of oui fire works that were brought from Woolwich for frmc furhocc?fion ; this was m^ide known to the ni^iivcsat the conclufion of one oft heir g.imes,on whicMocxaiion they expreifed great fatisfaOion, awi a night being pitched upon, «vf;y thing was prepared for the occafion. The natives expeOed ir would have been an heivn, as ihey •all th«ir games, at Icaft fomcwhat like their own, and according to our perfonal appearance anti''* Ued the fatisia£^ion of finding us inferior to them; but in this th%/ ^t:t totaily miiUkcn, for when the fiiH fky-racket silceiidvd .^.M^l ^"fl? [ 37 1 ifccnded full one half of fcveral thoufand Indians raa off and appealed no more that evening ; fom« of thofc who remained fell proneuponthe earth with the'r faces downward and fome in other attitudes, but all expicflfivc of the moft extrem« furprizeand aftoniihment. Pdahow andPhenow who Ut next to Cook and his clficer» with foine other Indian Chiefs and women ofdiftinOion, were not lefs aftonilh' and fee the lefl of the heiva. After this were exhibited fomt Hower pots, horrizontal wheels, rofes, water-racketf crackets, fcrpents, &c. and it is h*rdtofay whether thty were upon the whgle moftteirified or delighted. When the cniertainment ended and the affembly began to dif- perfe nothing was heard but cries expreflSve of the won- der.^ they hid fecn, the greatncfs of our heiva, and the poornefs of their own ; indeed this ?.nd the exhibition of our mathematical and philofophical apparatus at our aftroRoiuical tents, confirmed them in the fear and ad- mir.■-.' y; I r^^i joif nc^* bjf »e.ft jritV^I'Oiir purloined proper.ty, or by nQ^kiajj !<7<^^[^pfj\^uo fQi the dc(;^ulti of th<5ir people by prcfn;^,Mve3 thim th^ fear of Ipofip^ the friend- iUip pf ^a hospitable allien, ox the hppor of beJn^ lAV'^^yi* t>^ft ^n tKc diHributioj) pf ii^jpaitial juftice ; jijutthifn^t muftbf ictnenoberc^ tha,i th)? f)bijjiy o( per- .forja^ng th« jippprtan^ errand before us depended v^ry piQUoh if not eatircly upon thp precarious ^applies we l^i&bt procure fropj thcjfcand oth^r fuch JAtnds, ;^nd he loyft of co^fcqucAce b.e v^ry anjioys ajvj folicitous in .the cpnccrijinvipiit j bui periiaps no cpnftderations will excufc xhMt feverity which he fometitnes ufcd towaid^ the jpativcs Qii t.hefc occafions, anfl he would perhapf havp .^9ixe bettef to hav« confidf i^d that the full exertipp pf %%tit^ '^oivcrij jin arguinent bi e^trci^ie weaknef?, ^nd nature . >ed to ipforqi the i^fulted natives of \\\ifn|:iit iqtH6\ed upoh the na- tivci. or the iji^nnicp^ of fatisf^^^iori nip>^^/fMnitie« that daily «iflrfr/e4 to take thtin, wc^c too f;) vera 1^1^ not to detcr- laoittt them to mike tiiem Aich t The morning after they iv^QTf Jiiiliing, C/ook pisrceived if woyldbp^ feriou/i, if not ID unfortunate ciicumdsnce vyi^bout t^f exertionii both ff policy ^vA ffjfpaleh, find th(sr/efQiff ffot afi plj^Cfi frofn t^t (hip to the tents with orders immediately to put m' ■ poor I 39 ] pobr Pdlahpw undler ail arr< the events of the day had made fuch re^ulatif)n« on board and on fliore as he thought ne- ccilary, and h^ivinK received the loft fowls according to Hhenow's promife and being full of the idea of re- cciving the fupplies of provition promised him by Po- lahow and Phenow— came on Ihore the next day drelfed, with a luuiber of his officers, attended by two French h(jgrns, and made it on his part a day of jpUafuie. F Th« I " W i ff» « l 1 Ji!'iUyiiniiJ|>l.M (. 1 ;( 1 I I .^': ii ^ II j*--». : The two parties fent out hy Polahow and PhenoW arrived nearly together, about ii o'clock in the foieroon, and their approach was foon known by the movemems of the people. Polahow's party arrived Hrft and entered upon the green before our encampment in pairs through an avenue nmong the people, and making a very formal and regular procelTion, they retiied after they had dif- burdened themfelves of their loads, by the fame rout in which they entered. The manner of their bringing their loads was upon a Ihort pole carried' upon the fli'ulderf 'of two men from the middle of which hung fufpcnded the , provifion% fometim^s confirting of bafkcls of Fifti, of Dunches of yams, bread-fruit, plant^iins, bananas, ihad- docki, cocoanuts, and cvey now and then a hog; and every couple as they retired turned towards Polahow as he and his chiefs fet among Cook and hi» officers, 3nd complimented him. This proccffion was not half over befoie Phenow's men entered the oppofite fide of the green in the f;inie manner, bwt the firft of them werefo gorgeoufly fet off with aprons and mantlets of red and yellow feathers that they entirely took of our at- tention for fometime to Polahow's men, who neverthC' lefs were uiuch more numerous than hi«. About two o'clock this proceflion of wealth ended, aiiJ Cook with his officeis, Polahow, Phenow, and a numerous comfa* ny of the refp=!£\ive fuits dined. In the mean time the natives were forming two lofty editices, compofed of ilicks laid tranfverfly over each other in four fquares, beginning with a bafe about 12 feet, and contra£\ing ,it gradually until it rofe about 40 feet high; The ont they called Polahow, and the other Phenow, and the former was the higheft ; thefe they filled with yams to the top, und to crown the oblation depofited on th« fummit of each two large barbaciied hogs: After din- ner there wa< a grand heiva, a^ they denominate all thtir games, but this was -4 kind of W4r-dance, und *.- diffcrtnt V 4$ ] ind PhcnoW :hc foieroon, 5 movfonents ; and entered >airs through very form;*) \ey h«id dif- fame roat in ringing their he fli'uldert Lifpcndcd the 1 of Fifti, of nana9, (had- a hog ; ;lnd :ds Polahow I hi« officers, Wis not half ofite fide of irfl of them mtletsof r^d 1^ of our al- io neverthe- About two J Oook with rous comfa- san time the com po fed of our {qua res, contracting h : The ont w, and the ^ith yams to fited on th« After din- loniinate all dance, and difTeicnC M **, I difF-rent from any thing we had hither t6 feen among them, but had nothing in it that deferves particular defcription, though it feems to be in the higheft ettim- atioii among them. Tn the evening the people with- diew, but fome of them living at too great a diftance to return that night flept at a little diftance in th^ woods. '""^^ • The next day we were fully employed in carrying part of ths provifions on board, nor did we complete this bufinefs under tv^o fucceeding days: Our decks w«re full of hogs notwithlbmding we had been killing and falting nig^»t and day, and we had got full yamt enough to lalt us two or three months. We were fully convinced that we were ftrangers to the unbounded plenty of thofe happy iflinds, and Cook not to be behind hand with thofe two munificent chiefs, prefented them with a ho'fe and a mare, i bull and a cow, and two goats, befidei other thingt of the grcateft value to them, and with which they were highly delighted. We had now been at Tongotaboo 26 days and pof- fibiy (hould have remained there longer, but for the fup- ply of pro\ ifions we received by this laft prefent froxa Polahow and Phenow, which enabled u» ta fail imme- diiiteiy. On the 7th of July we got every thing on board, when we invited Polahow, Phenow and ftveral other chiefs, and made them all rich prefents, particularly the two firft. In the afteinoon we took our leave of them, and unmoored and came to fail plying to windward through a different paffage to the eaftward, but meeting with obft:u^ionJ>, did not clear Tonsrotaby) until the morn- ing of the 19th when we reached ihe Ifland Eaowhet : T^tit alfo it one of the Fri:ndly-If]ands, and was called '.*i by :. fCI ' %M iii ^'''^ ' .»; »H3WWt»*'J..y«iK5i^dSai«««St.SsaijJ«««;aivt.i,-»-3Jl^^ W i^*'K I 44 ) I S* H ft hy Tafman MiddUburgh. It is about 30 miles S. E. of Tongotaboo, and is a moft beautiful ifland, thick inhabited, and between thirty and forty miles in cir- cumfeience: We ftayed here until the i8th, when we weighed, failing E. S. E. as near as we could lay: Our ippointed rendezvous in cafe of feparation being the Ifland of Otaheite, and as we had nothing very inte- rerting on our paiTage thence, the time may not be nriif- approved if we give feme further defcription of Tongc- twboo. This ifl.ind lies in lat. 21 19 fouih, and longit. 184 40 eaft from the pieridian of Greenwich, from which we always c^ilculaied: It is about 130 miles in cir- cumference, but of an irregular form: It is very low like moft of the Fiiendly-lfles, and exceedingly woody, and the foil beyond comparifon rich and exuberant: It affords but very indiffeicnt water, ^ind isf'ibje^ed to heavy dews, and we had while there the Ihock of an earthquake ; the furiounding (liores and the foundings near the land are all coral rocks; the internal parts oC the illmd as well the ouifides of it arc covered with a kind of lava, which is the cafe with moft of the iflands irk this ocean. The inhabitants like thofe of the other inhabited iU^nds we vifited in its neighbourhood are a very line people, exceeding in beauty, in ftature, ftrength, and the improvments of their me.nrai capacities hny of the great variety of people among the iflands fcat- tered throughout this orf^an : If this ran be an excep- tion, they are indef.d not quite fo light coloured as at Otaheite and the Society-Hies : The m-^nner of their cul- tivating their land exceeds even the inJvibitant^of feme iflands we afterwards difcovercd and called Sandwich- Iflands: The pains they have taken to clear up the woods when we confider the difad vantages they muft have labored under for want of hufbundry implemtnts, is a- ftonifliing, and as ftrong a proof of (heir unlimited in- dultry, '49f the clegaace in which tJiey have laid it out f and ft w [ 4i 1 ^-^ ir\d olhcrwifc improved it, is of their mral taBe and gocd judgment. Thefe inclofutes alfo indicate feparatc property among them, which was a certain intimation in my opinion of an energetic jurifprudence and incrcaf- ing civilization. .•.^^^■- Their language i« radically the fame as that which perv?idc8 all the tropical illands in this part of the o- cean, and I may moie particularly fay io not only of their animals j:nd the common piodi.Oions of nature, but of their manners and cuftcms thiou;;hout. A minute detail of their hiftory in thefe refptOs would be un- necelTary a.^ that of Otaheite or of iSandwich-Iilands, of which I fliii' treat more largely he eafter, will ap- ply to them with the ftriiVft piop iety in every thing that Concerns a reader whf) makes his fp«cul at ions upon a m^'re general and roup ehenfive fcale than ihofe who are pleafed even wiih i rep'^J'tion of things of no more •onfequence in ^hcii fiitt relation. On the 13th of Augurt we made the ifland ofOta- hcite about S leagues diitant. - r^ On the 14th we llf^od in for the land and anchored inafmall br.7 on \hr ?.:[{ i\df'. of the ifland called by the native? Ota hfire-iv:h;:. We were immediately fur- Toi'.nded by the i: habitmits m their Ccinoes, and the little village within ;he b.iy w,is full of people dancing and runing ab.ut with hy ntour arrival, which was en- creafed when thf y found i: was Cook, or Tutee as they pronounce it^ wlio waslnown ?,mong t .hem from a former voyage here. A boat was foon hove out ^a,iU:MiLm>mi*ms^^hi»i^. p«ll«flion of the ifl'ind in the n^mc of hid Cstholic Ma- jefty. Thii was alfo contirmed by many fubfeque appearances a» well as from the informations of the in- Imi^itants. At a little dilinnctf from thia they found • houfc built with boards a lit lie in the Europ«an iHle, and within it a Iaif;e mahoi^any chcft with a hip^nilh lode to it, this the natives leadily opened and Ibcwcd us fe- ▼eral Spnnifli p^nrmenis, wiiich th«y laid belon.^jcd to a man the Sp iniards had left there, who was now dead— and gave us furihrrniore to undeiliand that the Spnniarda had taken thr«e of the natives with them when thejr w«nt away, and when we aiked whe c they came from they pronounced the word Rtma, which we made no doubt was Lima in Spanifti Amciica. We alfo found afterwards that the Spaniards had left fevcral American ho^s and a bull and a cow, among them, but the two latter were dead. What the purport of this vii\t from the S|)aniards could be time muA dif- covcr. When rur boat returned they brought c^ the croft the Spaniards had crc^ed— eiaced their inf ^tion, and after putirg on one in favor of his Britannic Majetty ercd^ed it again in the place from which we took it. The next day we hnd a numbei of vifiton, among whom waa a fifter to Omai, who came to welcome her brother to his native country again ; but the behaviour of Omai on the occafion was confonant to his proud empty ambitious heart, and he relufcd at firft to own her for his fifter j th- reafon of which w;is, her being a poor obfcure girl, nndas he expeOed to be nothing but king, the connexion would diigrace him. On the ltd of Auguft we unmoored and came to fail jietring for the oid rendezvous, a bay called by the na- tiivea Maitarai. and by us Port-Royal, from iti excel- lency a» a harbour. On r*' t 47 1 rdi had left [)W, among the purport mc muft dif- 'T the croft ^tion, and uc Ma jetty we took it. long whom her brother lur ofOmai y ambitioui his fifter ; Ibfcure girl, connexion tame to fail by the na- iti cxccl- On On the 23d both (hips entered and moored ab<>»^ noon in Mattavai-Bay. We were immcdiatdy vifttod arcording to ciiftom by the natives intheir oanoe(»,^ho were almort frantic with joy to i^ie us, and with' linuated, white milky s head and I a Ikin the Fia.i a fmall »r boiled hai refembles it (though in poultry, all B plenty of f Europ^ni, liily Ihaped. are alfo io of the in* quite fmall; i Croin theii early I 4? ] fhich they differ fr( larly commerce with the men ii heir fuperiors. Their complexion is a clear olive ot Jrunette and the whole co'.itour of the face quite hand-< ;'(ome, e:iccept the iiofe, whkh is eenerall/ a little in- ^clined to be tiut^ Their hai* is black andcourfe. The men have btards, but pluck the great eft part of ihem .out J they are vigorous^ eafy, graceful and liberal in iitheir deportment, and of a courteous hofpitable dit^Si- tion, but Ib'-ewd and artful. The women cut th'^ir 7 hair Ihort, and the men wear theirs long. They huve a cuttom of ftaining their bodies in a manner that is ^iiniverfal amon< all thofe illinds, and is called by them tatowing; in doing this they prick the /Xin with an in- . ftrument of fmall (harp bones which they dip as occa- fion requires in a bUck compofition of coal-duft and ^•'ater, which leaves an indelibie ftiin. The opera- .tion is painful, and it is fome days before the wound is well. Their cloathing confifts of cloth made of the inner iiind of the ba[k of three iifTerent kinda of trees : The : Chineft-paper-mulberry, the bread-fruit-tree, ind a kind ii;o f Wild fig-tree, which in the conformation df different IfiPforts of cloth are differently difpofed of by ufing one Xmgly, or any two or ecinlly cooked in their way. The proc^fj « Is limply this, whilp the animal is drrlfmg they dig a hole about two feet deep, in which they kindle a fire and hear a quantity of itoncs, when they are fufticicnt- ly boated thoy take out about half of them leaving the tfiil to Cover the bottom of the holt, the dog whcp cle^nal and drtifcd is wiaped up with fcveul folds of f gr«ftn fl 51 a few minu'rej ran hour aitir. I fuch cccafion kind of turban it confifts of r thicker than iveral hundred >xei gft quite M. ife people art and elegance^ ate ; they are oi a Jiiiddling j the io«f i) to each other . idle \ the rocf ridge, and it vered with dry* ^hich ther fi; ng is preferv- greateft pirt 01 ms the prin- he common a 1- ^cfllth. Dog! and the do^^j indeed a very The proccfs g they diK 1 kindle a iir? are fufticicnt- m leaving the dog \^hcn ^eul t'ulda o( gr9«T\ "green plantain leaves and laid in the hole, then th» (remainder of the ftones are hid around it and the lighted of them upon the top of it, then another quantity of leavea I are laid thick over the v\hole, and laft of all the whole ia covered over with the mould. If the animal ialarg^ ,*it will remain two hours, if fmaller a lefs time before ^M it is prrpared. Thii is the only method they have of ^icookipg iheir food, whether tlelli, fifh, fowl or fruit; 'i'but the imaller fiih are cat raw, and falt-watcr ia their only fa uce. ki+f '11 f For drink they have in general nothing but water or cocoanut-milk : But they moftly ufe water only, ' They have a drink comprelfed from the rootcfa plant they call ava ; but this rather Itupifies than exhileratea hho'jgh it ia ufed by them as a fnirituous drink: Thia however is feldom drank by the j^oorfort, and never by the women, unlefs very fecietly. They are neat both ■in cooVing and in eating almoft io an extreme. The ;|nen and women never eat together, though it be huf- band and wife, nor do the men generally eat out of the fnine dilU: I'hey eat with great voiacity though they ■Comume but a moderate quantity, and notwithft'Jnding their mouths are crammed 49 full as they can contain, yet are they very converfible and full of talk at their reals. Preparatory to all th^ir meals it is a cu- '^' ftoni to lay afide a little modicum ofwhat they are eat- ing in fome by-place w (hey do at an offering to their god or gods. After me^ls at mid-day th<» ' f;en«- J'^lly Ueep ; indeed the are cauemely indolent, and iecping and eating is almoft all they do. Their amufcuients are mufic, dancing, wrertling and! * oxin^, all which are like thofc at Ton^^otaboo. The Irjnguage at Otaheitee is the fime tha^ is fpoken ifoiygKout all the fouth-fea iflnndi, and w*il therefore ' ) icrte * .»v •* "^^!^3ry 1' I '1!» , ' .»ii frrvc a« a fFccimen for the whole ; but how it flioulj . equally correfpond with thnt of New-ZealJiod is ftil] moieifniiirkable, and I have on that account added a co- lumn of the New-Zcahnd languj^ge oppofite to iliat which contains the Otaheitee language f the words in ^ each column have theii fignification cxpiefTcd in Engiifti in a third column. Otaheite. Farec Taata Ivahine F.iipo Rooarooa I'errea Er^i Mita Pwparea Ahcw Ouiou Tnhei . Kua Tor 06 Hea Rema ' ' Ono ^ctu Warou Hcva Ahowrow. New-Zealand. Enrpcte Tea ta W.1 hi nee Eupo Mncauwce Teriinga E.ai IMata ^ip.iringa Ahew H.'ngoutow Tihr-i Bua Toion Ka Remii Ono Warou Iva Angahourow EnglKK A Chief A Man A Woman The Head The Hair The Ear The Frrehea«l The Evv-s The Chteks 'Ihc Nofe The Mouth One Two Three Four Fiv« Six »^even Eixht Nine Ten. By this fpecinifn without adding a great number n! worHi it ap^cus to d«monftration that thefe two l;jn- guagen were Tboiigiualiy the fame and will have in influence in fuppoiting the conclufion that thf: ptovlt whomake ufft of it were alfo originally the fame. — Thit the inhabitantu of the fouth fea illands aie the faim people with each other and all ^eiived from the fame cos*! mon fouice is btyond doubt, but fiom what fource \n yet . dificult t 53 1 how it ftiouli ealaod is ftilll ant added a co< ppofite to iliai! the words in sffed in Engliftii Engli(K A Chief A Man A Woman The Head The Hair The Ear The Fr reheat The Evv-K The Chteka Uho Note The MoutU One Two Three Four Viv« Six »^fivcn FiKht Nine Ten. yrcat number n( thefe two Ian- I will have in hat the people le fame. — 1 h»t aie the faux m the fame cus*! at fource in yet . dijlicult )de. »ur to determine the qufftfiA V reafons lounded on the analogy of Ian- j{uai;e, as vi^ell a« manners we Ihali moft certainly con* clucie that they all originally came from the weftward, that is, from Affia ; but it we give due weight to the thuufand adventitious circumftances that attend a for- tuitous emigration as well as the moie folid and rati- onal conlideration of the fituation of thofe ifles, particu* larly refpeOing the wind?, as well ns a variety c( othef caufes, it is aa probable and peihap^ morefo they came from the eiftward, which ia America. It opens a wide field for fprcuUtion however, and as the objeft refpc£^i the wayn of Gotl to man upon a large fcalc of enquiry, men of every call vill purfue it with equal curiofity. I never invite th« mifanihropift to the curious enquiry, but peihaps fome future occurreoces my elucidate lh« matter* As to the religion, laws and govt^nment of the ptopU .Tiu'jh has been faid ?bout them by former voyigerf, and in truth too much, efpecially about their religion which they are not fond of difcoveiing, and thcrefort when urged on the matter have often rather than dit» pleafe thofe who made the enquiry told not only differ- ent accounts, but fuch as weie utterly inconfiftent with what we knew to be true from occular demonflration. They affurcd us for inftaifce that they never faaiBced human bodies, btit an accident happened that contra* di^ed it and gave us the full proof of it, its operation and its defign t which were the fame as I have mentioned aiSindwich Ifl ands, and was an oblation to the God of war made previous to that undertaking. In fhort the only Handard that feems juftifiable to judge by is what wefaw pra^iced, that was obvious and the infercncea that naturally followed could not well be nifi«i4«Aood. J 'i ' ■ i?? T ^« '\r , They i . 1 ::k-*j:^eM^,ju.Mi6Ag.i*j:;»:.MiAMi, avu« I I m ''iH M I 'lIlliH^" u8 terms when applied to thefe peo- ple, befides it is well known to h^ve been a religious £<6atiment ftmnng many other people both ancient and aodurn who claim the appellation of civilized. It exilia now aonong feveral Afiatic fe^s both eaft and weft of the Ganges particularly among the fiangans fo called . from abftaining from the ufe of all animal food: It is well known that fome tribes in Afia have built hof. pitals for certain fpecies of fubotdinate beings. The dtaheiteant do indi^ eat animal (ie(\i; Eut it if oertain they do not allow \heir women to eat much •f it, and that cither do hot urtweifally eat of it : We Ynow of two certain inftanccs wherein they do not, end thofls rcfpeO two birds: The Kingfiiber and the Heron t They are befides very obfcivant of the man- ner in which they kill (he animals they do make ufe ^, endeavoring to mitigate the p^ngs ef the dying ani- Hiei, aod alio tt foften the a£t that deprives it of life : For which purpofe they ftrangle or diown them, and having prcvio jfly difpofed of the animal fo as they are fuic it will die— they run out of fight, and leave it until ;\ M i' t 5S r?c5 ihem rould lead jfe of any and know n, which thefe peo- { religious icient and It exiils 4 weft of fo called od: It ia built hof. Eut it eat much fit: W« do not, r and the the inan- luake ufft lying ani- it of life : icm, and they are leave it until I until expired. In othtr refpee^sihey extend tfrMtegiid ftill further: There arc a great many rat* about their dwellings, but though a rat Ihould fteal iftto one o^tlieif ' dilhes of food and dcftroy it, or (hould thry eat theit ' cloath or do any other ofihofe mifchc^ious friclw they- jire addi£^ed to, and fhould they catch him in the faft he would only fignify his difpJcafure by waving hw- hand to it very friendly and politely to be gone, and when they are ftung by a fly oi rauflceto they tjrly fiighten it away. If the fyftem of tranfiuigration fonnt any part 9i tW Otaheitean religion, it is likly to compoli i con&«n derable part, if not the whole of it ,- if it can be r«diwi cedto any fyftem at all. One argument it its univer&i ality and ftriO obfervance among the ppople, a ltd »ao»» ther is, that all the cuftoma of mankind appcqr to bt< derivative and traditionary, and that this fentiiattnt i« religion exifts in Afia, from whence it 13 prebabla it «migrai:d with the peoo'e, and that this fentimont, where it does exift, and orii^inally rh'd exift, does, and origin:)] I y did form a fyftem a.^ nMterially diftin^l fuMQ any other as fyftrms generally are and perhaps mor^T (b as the combination of thole fentinncnte which foraii< it were when primarily promulgated the noft wtld ftif tiful, innocent, mifchievous, fubtile, and therefore the noft curious opinions that ever entered the head oC that child of contradiOions, fo well known hy the name •f Man to Conceive of: Why» what ama ling quantitiet of beef, mutton, poik and fowl hath it faved in Indo* i^an; and on the other hand how hath it increafed thl^ frolific generation of Hies, mufquetos, batt.i, tarantuUs,. u>ada and fnak^sr Arc not the plains of Sianr, Hogii; and Aracan rendtred the moft deicUahle fputi^a •tfth by it? • • •• * it ■ They i ti I '■ i n \.. .*«w*«*;**4,fe(ttB, 'fwmmm ai'''Mi's:.i»>iw.w^ I i 1 >n ^1:1 lii ^ C 5^ 1 ^ They have other religious ciiftoms that an plainlr in- dicate their fource as this, but they are fimple, de- tached, individiial and various j they feem to be frag- ments of many different theories: To unite them if poffibie, would difcover their abfurdity, and they feem to be kept by the priefts for charge: circumcifion is me of them; though in Hawkefworth's compilation of a former voyage it is faid not to be a religious cuftom : Bnt if Cook had then taken it for granted that the Otaheitsans were the greateft lyars on earth efpecial- ly when queried about their religion he would not have believed their report and to fay that the prepuce of the nale was abfcinded merely from motives of cjeanli- Befa was to fay nothing even fuppofe it had that effefi. If it had been enjoined the Otahciteans to cut of their tx>fet for religion fake, and they had faid the amputa- tion waa from motives o£ cleanlinefs, the ftory would have been much more plaufible : And as for the par- ticular form of the incifion, it is not fo different from that now ufcd among the Jews, as theirs may be from the form of the operation by father Abraham? Befides, they have the finelt inllruments to perform the ceremony and the Otaheitean has only an oyftp^'-lhell j and the mem-; ber is a delicate, a nervous cl fenfible member. Sa- crificing is another of thofe religious ceremonies that is iQCompa table with the fyi jm of tranfmigration, and indeed as the oblation confifts of a human being it is different from any civilized u'uage, is a folitary wan- dering barbarous cuftom, and is therefore found no where but ;imong a detached and fcaitered people, and though always found there does not appear to be com- prized in any cods or fyftem of other cuftoms where we find fuch; which indeed is feidom as the inftance of tra|i(iQBigration here. . . *. . . . .•:;:': ' •. Their ^ I 57 1 Thei*: notions of a dtity and the fpeculative part« of their religion is involved even among thetnfelves in niyftery and perplexed with inconfiftences, and their priefts who alone pretend to be informed of it have by their own induftrious fabrications and the addition of its traditionary fables rolled themfielvea up in endlefs mazes and inextricable laby^ritoths : None of them a^X alike in their ceremonies and none of them narrate alike when enquired off coneerning the matter : therefore what they conceive refpe^ing a Got we cannot tell; though we conclude upon the whole that they worfti* i one great Supreme, the author and governor of all things, but theie feems to be fuch a rtring of fubordinate god« intervening between him and the leaft of thofe, and the charaf^ers of the whole fo contrafting, whimfical, ab- furd andridiculous that their mythology is very droll, and reprefents the very belt of the group no better than a har- lequin. The government at Otaheite refembles the early f^ate of every government,, which in ' to a few, and a dependant fervility to the reft. Ottiheite, as I have had occafion to obferve before, confilts of two penin- fulas, each of thefe are prefided over by chiefs they dif- tinguilh by an appellation, iignifying the great chief, and this is the fiift order among them : The leiTer di- vifion of the illand conrifts of circles or diftii^.ts of which ' e are in the whole about one hundred: Over each - thofe diftriOs a chief prefides, whom they call chief without the artlxa, Great: Thif conftitutes the fecond order: The third order are thofe who occupy and im» prove certain portions of land in each diftrif^, for which he is accountable to the chief of the diftriO : He is ^ kind of tenant. The fourth order are thofe who lab-.r ^d cultivate the land and do other feivices under the H .. » i^nt. t*<.; t*. * ' » -■ .JPN. -'«''^^^^'^^'-n*''fH'timfiiiaiiiirtr--ii ifiiiif . - I w i N / IS ^ «^.< t s« ] tenant, which conlUtutes the fifth and hft order. The priefls are chiefs by rank though they do not immedi' ately intermeddle in the civil department. One Otoo was fupreme chief of the northern penin- fula, and v^as i^ofTeffed of the government by a colla- teral ri;, tiiiMmm'aBTmm "--N^_ I 62 1 iin; ,n*': I, w .11 of the ifiand, onbopsrd the Difcovery, nnd then publillifd his reafors for doing it to tl epccpie, and defired them to inform the father of the yount? pri<,jner8 and other chiefs, that unlefs they returned the deferters tF y ihould never mote fee their young prince or his partn'n, heat the fame timeofTered largepremiums to thofe who Ihould brin,'', them back, for it wasfnund that we could not intercft ourfehes in the purfuit of them, being convinced the/ weienrt upon the ifland. Thefe meafures we;c calculated to in- fluence boththtt chiefs and ♦he people, the iffet^jon- of thvi foimer and the interefts oi both ,• but afiei wiiimg ffveral days to no purpofe, nnd being anxious to i:ep?rt, Cook applied himfelf to another ftratngem -He g canoes, they were ac ordmgly all \tm{ on Ihore but the ''hiefs. Two days were elapf^d and we had no intelli- gence of the deferters or thofe that went alter them, md • 4X Un^th a thi'd. « • On the fourth however a number of canoes were ftea outering the bay ihuuiing 4nd cxprcfling ihcixjoy^ and !' If' \¥'U I*. I '■ r r I ] i\ lli: 39 th«yr approached we faw with our glaffea our tw© men bound hand and foot by the Indians : A circam- ftancc we were p;lad to obferve as it extremely morti- fied them and difcovered how interefting the puifuit had been to tint chiefs, who went after them. They were no foone I brought on board than the guard was difmiiTed and the sentinels taken of! over the chiefs: And as they now faw the real caufe of their confin- ment at an end they were under no farther apprehen- lions, and were as fully convinced of our future fiiend- ihip as if this caufe which had interiupted it had ne- ver happened. This matter fo full of danger and diftrefs to the whole ifland being thus happily terminated they forgot their forrow and fpcnt the two remaining days with us with great chearfulnefs, which Cook heightened in many re- fpe£\s, particularly by many valuable prefents among the chiefs: Particularly rhe great chief, hi? fon and daughter, and thofe who went after his men that ab- fcnted themfclves: To thefe he was very liberal. Our deferters were taken at an obroure little ifland N. E. of Bolabola, diitant from that itland lo leagues. The midihipman was reduced and put upon the forc- caftlfi, the gunner's mate was reduced and puniftied. On the 7th of December we came to fail and run over to Bolabola to get part of a broken anchor we were informed was there and fuppofed to be left there by Monf. Bouganville. This we purchaled of the chief of the ifland in order to work up into articles of tr;ide if future opportunity fliould require it. We left the ifland of Bolabola the fame night fteering N. by fc,,- upon the trade blowing E. by R ^^ The Society-Iflinds we reckon only eight in number including Otaheite, Imaya, liueheme, Uietea, Bolabola, _ / Msuiua, t «s J t Maurua, Tubal and Otaha: The thwe laft we did not vifit. The people, manners and cuftoma being the fanns anions them all, I have not treated of them refpe£\iv- Ijr, and what is fa id of Ota hcite is applicable to them all: The firlt five are nearly of an equal magnitude, except Otaheite which is about twice as lar> cwnve.fe wi'h U3 or that we ir.ight fee what fort of people ihey wtie until we anchored and futlfd our fails: Thofe who came Hrft were nTmel and ap- peared inexprclfibly fup ized, though not intunidat- ed : They lb >ok th«"ir fpeats ..I us, rolled their «.«h »• bout nnd made a variety of wild uncouth gefiiculation^; But wc had cxchanjicd but few wo:ds witl\ them ' btfott [ ^l)t h^ve been difcovered on this occp.li;n by ex- prMiin^ the Kf^^'fil^ de2;ire of ab!-.oiiance >ii the a£^ioii,i'?\ which fof.ighien^id ihe Indian th^i he in.m'"d).nely went off with it, and we nncc after faw another inlt nc« «t it wlii e rimon^:; ihem. Tliey had no knowledge of ifon or huropc.in nrtici^-s, but the moment wf difcover- cd its obvious importance they wee in raptuies about it, and gave u8 any thing they polff Ifcd in exchange • for it. ' .i" I o The next day we were vifited hy a ^rcaf multitude o ^ of cjnoes, bringing y.'ins, fweet potatoes, hp^a, plwn- t;jin8 and other tropical fruiti', which ihey greedily exchanged for Jitile bits of old iion, nails and other articles. ._.*.' ..' The third day after our arrival we went on fliorc an<4 traded with them there, and viewed the Country, of which Ilh4ilgive a full account heieaftoc. W« »'> >.: m A i, .Y^' \X I «» ] '•'l !;.|, W I II ' We reniained at this place about i week, »rtd thtfn fail- ed to vilit fomp other iflands to the N. W. sftd pafling IW* fmall barren ilhnds anchored off the weftertiKift 6»Ued Nehow. The ifland we left wai called Ottowai. We traded with the natives at Nehotv as we had done at Ottowai. We remained at Nehow untill the feC6tld 6t tebruary. The ifland we had feen fo windward of thai of Ot- towai, the two ban en ilhnds and Nehow niade five id number, and Cook was ftrongly of the opinion that there were moie farthei to the eaftward, which proved to bt true as w« fliall fee in the fequel of the hiftoiy. The group already known he coUediviy called Sandwich Iflanda. Nehow is fituate in lat ai 44 north longit. 199 eaft. T hnve defered any particular account of thefe iflandt at this time not only becaufe our itay was ihort among them, but becaufe we nfteiwards vifitcd them and o- thers of the fame clutter to the eaftward on our return from the northwaid a twelvemonth after when we had a more extenfivc acquaintance with them, and coniie- quently a better fund of information. u " ,(;l m On the id of February we again launched into that extenfive ocean that feparatcs America and Afia, and continued our courfe to the northward and eattward intending to fall in with America m about 40 degrees 01* north latitude. .v. -^ •> • We had in general a very comfortable pafTage until after we made the co^ft when wc had a ferics of very b;rt of water, And had an unknown coaft to txplort»« And the very day we purpofed to reconnoitre for a harbour, ■ th« wind veered to the N. E. and foiced u« off the coaft a full week. We entered this inlet a bout 4 o'clock m the afternoon. The extremes of the opening at tlir en* trance were a bout 2 miles diftant, and we had »he profpeO ' of a fnug harbour. It was matter of doubt with mapy gC U9 whether we Ihould find a«y inhabitant! here, but w^i had fcarcely entered the inlet befoie we faw tha t hard/^ i that intriped, that glorious creature man approaching uf . from the (jjore. As we advanced into the inlet we found it Oill more favor;)ble, and perceived feveral fmall^jAaiuU between the two Ihores. Night approaching we caiB«.| to an anchor between one of thofe iflands and the «aftera fliore about onerjuarter of a mile from each. In the even* , ing we were vifited by feveral canoeafuUof the native! t they cnme abrenfl our (liip within two rods o{ us and thec# ftaid the whole night, without offering to approach ne«tit or to wirhdiaw farther from us, neither would thef cimi* verfe with us. At the approach of day they departed in the fame referve and filence. On the 30th wefent our boJ^ts to examine a fmall in the oppofite illand, which anfwering our wi&e! w« moved with both iRips into it and moored within a (tm rods of the furrounding beach, , > This inlet proving to be a found was called George*!* , Sound. It lies in lat. 49. 33. N. snd in t^j. 16. E. long* ' and as it afforded excellent timber we furniCh^d cm- fclveiwitha new mizen-maft, fpare yards and other fptrt, befides wood. It alfo iifforded ui excellent water, tva- llttf oi good fiUi and the fltores with fome excellent plant!. m > I I:, \ m ' Pi Ill M !''ii!l ■i,,.it- .-ii*' "III w I'M I 7® 3 pY:iht8, The country round this found is generally hi^h and mountainous, though further to the northward and e^Hward it appears more open and level. It w intirely covered with woods, fuch as maple, alh, birch, oak, hem- loQk, but moftly with tall well grown pine. We alfo found currant bufhes^ wild raf berry and juniper bullies, and little crabed apple-trees, but could not learn whether they bore any fruit, neither is it probable they do. We faw no plantati-^-ns or any appearance that exhibited any knowledge of the cultivation of the earth, all feemed to remain in a ftateof nature j but as our obfe.v^tions d d not extend three miles in*o the country they aie impe- f«£\. Neither did we explore the found highei up than three leagues, as that fatisfied us that it was of no gieit extent Leyond. The light in which this country will appear mort to advantage jefpe£\s the variety of its ani- mals, and the ri chiefs of their fur r. They ha\etoxe8, fables, hares, maimofets, ermines, wenzles, beats, won es, deer, moofc, dogs, otters, beavers, and a fpecieso. we^ze cal- led the gffitton ; thefkinof this animal was fold at Kam- chalka, a Ruffian fii£ioiy on the Afiatic coall for iixty lubles, which is near 12 guineas, -ind had it been fold in China k would have been worth 30 guineas. We ^urchafed whic heie about tjto beaver, bclides other Jkins, but took none but the beli, having no thoughts at that time of ufmg them to any other advantage than conve tmg them to the purpofes of cloathing, but it afterwards happened th;4t ikins which did not coft the purchafer fix- pence ftciling fold in China for 100 dollars. Neither did we puichdfe ;< quarter p^rt of the beaver and other furrlkins we n.ight have done, and mort certainly lliould ha've done had we known of meeting the opportunity of difpofingof them to fuch an alkoniihing prolii. • •-"• • On the ift of April we were vifited by a number of the natives in their boats, which rcfemble our bat- «l* M>*# ■''>>^«* |*« ♦nft:.. i I ^.•v.^ie.iux.i \ • t 71 ] teaux: They are about 20 feet fn length, contraf^ed alt each end, and about 3 feet bro d in ihe middle, and 2 feet and an half deep from end to end: They are made from large pine-trees, and we fuppofe burnt out. This wat the fi it fair opportunity after our arrival that I had of examining the appearance of thofe unknown aborigi- ne* of North-America. It w.js the tirft time too that I h^d been fo near the fliores of that coniinent which gave me birth fr(!)m the time I at fiift left it; and though more th«in two thoufand miles diftant from the neareft part of New-England I felt myfelf plainly affe£\cd: All the affeOirnate piflTims incident to natural attachments and early prejudices played round my heart, and in- dulged them becaufe they were prejudices. I was hat* monized by it. It foothed a home-fick heart, and leiH dcred me very tolerably happy. . „ a . J I had no fconer beheld thefe Americans thin Ifet them down for the f«ime kind of people that inhabit thft oppofite fide of the continent. They are rajher above the middle ftature, copper-coloured, and of an athltti^ make. They have long blnck hair, which they ge^ ncrally wear in a club on the top of the head, they fill it when dreffed with oil, paint and the downe of bird*. They nlfo paint their faces with red, blue and whitt Colours, but from whence they had them or how th«f were prepared they would not inform us, nor could w€ tclK Their cloathing generally conilfts of fkins, but they have two other forts of garments, the one is madft of the inner rind of fome fort of bark twifted and unit- ed together like the woof of our coarfe cloaths, the or ther veiy ftrongly refembles the New-Zealand Togo, d wood they charged us notb ing for. Ca pt. Cook would aOt credit this faO when he iirft heard it and went in fCfion to be affured of it, and perfi fling in a more pererap- torr tone in hit demands, one of the Indian s took him by the arm and thruft him from him, pointing the way for him ^ go a^ut his buftnefs. Cook was ftruck with aRonifli- inent, end turning to his people with a fmile mixed with edmiriKion exclaimed, ^' This it an Ameiicaa indeed !'' tmfl jnJaniiyatfexiBdihitbttyeauuiwfaitJig tiwuf^tpt^ t 73 ] pffto t^l^c; aftrr which the Indian tr>o^ him and his nr^n to his dwelling and offned them fuch as he h d to eat. This charaOeriftic of theirs and having found but one inftance of theft amon.i? them fei thefe peoi)ie high in Cook's opinion. The houfes we f:^w near this cove jip- peared to be only temporary refidenres from whence it was fuppofed that in winter they r.eii rd i to the in- terior forefts, and in fummer lived any where that bell anlweredthepurpofes of hlliing or hunting. The food we fa w them uf? confided folely of dried fi(h and blubber oil, the befl by far that any man ?m«m^ us had e. er feen : this they put into fkms. We purchafed great quantities of it, and fitiiated as we were wirh re- fpe£t to butter or fuet, it was a very ineum to cither, and wasconftantly ufed to fry with ; b-^fides it fui- iiilhed our lamps, and anfwered ni^ny other purpofes ule- ful and neceffary. Like all unf:ivi!i/ed men they are hof- pitable, and the lirlt boat that vifued us in the Cnve brou^htus what no doubt they thou;^lit the ,i«\ l.ti •«■ 74 J It HP ' The cuftom of eating human fl^fh is vefy extenfive and pervades mu:h thegreat^ft part of the habitable ♦iaith, andasiffeem* wboriginilly to have been derivrd finm the anteredent cu (lorn of facrificing human tiefli, it would be cuiious to enquire into the matter. The cuftoni of facrificino^ is very ancit^nt. The firft inftance we have of it is in the lives of Cain and Abel, Their fncrificesconfifled in part of animal tieOi, buiHt up- on an alter dcdicijted to their God. This cuftom exitt* now an:ong all the uncivilized and Jewilh nations in the clfenfinl rites requifite to prove it analogous to the firft ii»ftiturion. The only mutilation in the ceremony Riateri- aJly different, is xh^t the barbarous nations have added hu?nsn ileili. Whether this additional ingredient in the qblation took place at a remote fubfequent period by the ^nteced^^nt inteivention of any extraordimry circumftance mdependant of the original form does not ajjpear, unlefi* vre place the rubfequent period below the timeof Abra- hnm or^e^haps below the time of Jepth:?. The circi;ni- ft'^riceof Abrah'-tni's intended facnfice of Ifaac to which he was injoined by the Deity, though he abfolutely did not do it, yet wps fufficient to introduce the idea that fu-ih a fricrifice was the iw i\ p!e:)ring to God, and as it w?s an evpnt very reniaikable it prob.ibly became an hif- t^rlcal fulreO, nnd went abroid nmong other tribes, ?nd was h:indfxl down Pmon^r, them by trr.dition, and liable to i)\\ th^chnngv'^s in':ident therein, and in time the ftory might have been that Abr:;ham not only offered but reilly did facrifice his own fon. But perhaps the f^ory of J'^p'ha, jiid^:e of Ifiael, is more to the point. It is f;nd he f-ic:rificed his diu;;hter as a burnt-offeiing to the God wht> hnd been propitious to him in war; which does aj)poar fob* nn ^'O independnnt of cuftom or tradition, as it tvanfpir'^d wholly frrm the oMignti<;ns o£ a r 111 vow mrule to the Deity in the fulnefsof a heart furchar^ed with hoi>€s and fears. It is alfo a ht\ that ' • '* '• after I rWr 7S after this, particularly in the reign of the wicked Ahaz, it w.^8 a general cuftom,efpeciRlly among the heathen, to inifke their children '' paCs through the hre;" by which I fappofe it is undeiftood that ihey were faciihced vviih fire. It feema then that the circumftance of adding human tlefh in the ceremony of faciiticing did take place before ih** years antecedent to Chrirt, and moft pobably from the example of Jeptha, After this we iind it ihifting places, attending the duffufive ^migrations of the tribes, and commixing with m^.nl-'ind in general, but *»rpeciaJly with thole difunited with the chofen de- fcendanis of ths great Abraham ; whofe defcendants being conliantly favored w th civil and religious inftruftions from Heaven itfelf, were nor only p;eferved from fuperrti- tion and baibariry thpirfelve?, byr weiethe n.eans of fur- nilliing the detacfied heathen with a variety of cuftcms and ceiemonies, that from the ire.e light of nature the/ ne^'er cciUid have thought of ^ noi" could they prefeive pu.e and uncorrupt after they had adopttd them. Even th^ favored Ifraelites were perpetually de\ iating into fchiUi.s andcabalvS and fiec;uently into downright idolatry, and all the vanity of fuperitition and unbridled nontenfe from the imbfcility of human policy when uninlluenced by hea- venly wifd -m and iu'ifp udence. No wonder then that the feparate tribes from the houfe ofAbr iham, though they pri- marily received many of their piincipiesof civil and leli- gi 'Usgovernment from a pure fountain, liiould debafe and contamin;^te them by the fpuri^us conjuirOion of things derived from their own imaginations And this feems to have been the courle of things to this day. There hath always been a part of mankind confpiciojs for knoledge, fuperior in wifdom, and favored by heaven, from whom others are feparatedi and thefe, li^e the moon, have only Ihone with borrowed light. Some cuR(jm.i may be local and indigen^usto paiticular times and cir- cu[uttmicc«, both in the civilized and uncivilised world, . . '^/' but. .|i h '■•* <\ , - ■^:- L 76 1 ■< IMi ' ' II but far the grrater part are derivative and wr'-e oric:fnaT- ly beftowed onii)?i!i by his fupieme Governor; thofe that wc tind amon^ the civili'»'ed and wife, mesfuied rna phiiofophic fcwlc, are uncoriupted, while thofe that we find exiitin^ in parts remote fu;m civilization andl-now- ]edt;e, though they have a refeinblance which plainly isti- ma'es f;om whenc* they came, a e yet deb ifed. mutilatedi jind by foine hadly known. Eut who. that hid feen a hitman body f criticed at Otaheite to iheir God of war, would not pprcei\e an an^lo:2;y to antient cuftom on thrff^ oc- CHfi-.n?'. and aitribiiie it lathsr to fuch culiom thriri any other c^-ufe wh;4te^ er, and the ccftom is not conhned to Otaheite alon^^, it pervaOes the iflinds thiou^hout the pacify' Oce.in. It was the cafe with the ancient Bii'ons. I'he Mjxic.in< depopulated foriety by :lus Ccirnive ous fperiesof fncnhce. i hi-i could not be the rff^ii of ;€- cid^nt, w.ini or caprice. It may bf^ worth notice to lemark futheino e: ih^it in the time 01 Ahaz th*fe frtcrifices were iriiide in hii^h pl'jces. It w^s I'o in Me ico--is fo ar Oii- heite Jind other illandfi. The Mexican^ tlunu; their vic- tims from the top ot their tcmp'e dedic-.t^-d ro their God of w.ir. '^"heOi^iheiteins and the other I.ll^nders prepare thole obl'itions on their moiafs. Thefe people are poffetfed of a variety of impliment« calculated for war, hunting, iiihinK and ciher j)urpofe8, fome of which rue rema, kabiy nnnlotou.* to ancient mo- dels, pMtici. hilly the lance, which isevery w.tylimilar to th^» uft'cl in ancient touinwinepts and fe t^ of chivalry. They hnv* aifo a 1> ind of;umor that covers the b-dy from the bie 'It d wi^waid to the Inees; this coniifts ol noofe- fkin, covered ex^enally with flips of wood (ewed to the leather tranf^e llyv. ;Tid made llK)rt or lon^ as bell fuirs tht. piirt of the hrdy it rovers. They have alfo good uow^ ^nd arrows, and Itrie hatchet^; alfo a vjJiieiy rf fnires bf th for r:)wl and qu^drupede*. Their Hfliing grer ii highly cmious. lean /;ivcno adc<4uatcdffciipiionof iho' •k the variety and fingularify of thefe matter.i: They have near ad'>/en dilfeirnt kinds of tilh-hooks, Jw ihn unw.-i.diy monfter to thfir fl»o:C8. Let not iii.n think mf^anly^ ol himfelf, but claim that g'oii us r.ink ! is ?\\] 7.\n^ powers fo juftly entitle him to. If Delr-aiies rind N(-:wt(ii ivrm the improvements of a^es could produce at lad tl.emagnificient fyPrm of Philofophy thit h.ii[i immoitalized them; why fliould not thefe glorious fitvages, who, without any of thofegieat collateral aiiillance«, vithout which thky could ha?e done nothini^, have ciifcoveieci fuch allonilliing fagacity, be intiilcd to equ'il veneration, and the n;ime of bcw Uncus be ah gieat as that of Ifuac Newton. We found a few copper bracelets and three or four rou;^h wmught knives with coarfe wooden hafts among the n^^tives at thi.i plice, but could not learn fiom the ai)p'^arance of cither of thofe .rticles or from any infor- mpfion they cou!dgi\eus how they became pclfeff, d of them but it was g^neially thought they came from a g.fat d liance and not unlikely irom Hudfon's-Hay. Com- ireice i" defuii^e and n(. thing will impede its progiefi among the uninfjimed part of mankind, but an interven- tion of too remote ;i Communication by water, ?nd aa this cannot be the cafe v;iih regard to the inhabitants of A contintnt it fren.^ intirely conclufive to fuppofc ro p;irt of Aviieiica i* without fome fcit of commeicial inieicourfe, immcdi.ite or remote. On the i^^fh of April we tovrd out of the found int calm, about fun down v'e w^f# favored with a breeze that - gave us A toieiable otim^} but before ix at night th«' wind '■^■f -i ^■^-^- I 1 f ^ ffljl!!*, f • I 'hi'! Wind vtsfred TomN. N. W. to E. S K. and was fucceed- ed by a fu-den and impf uou^ >i;ale of wirvl that threw us inttj thf utiiiolt confufion fiom its un ex pecked Jipproich mid our unp.-'.puieJ fmution to rftceiv*^ it. This ^,ile Continued with very liitlc inieiiiiiri n urriil the lit of Miiy, when it abated and we had fair we.iihcr. We parted CL4npafiy wiih cur cont'ort tiie Difcov ery the hilt night and con iuded tiom our own diltulfe^ icniic iiie- p«< a de[f£^ive place in jj the Kefolution's bottom, wf.ich was of an ahrmin*, niture. We did not iiiffct with an oppo.tunity of icpaain^ it untill fomc t iiuf: alter, when we found thit the rompl^nnt origi- nated ircm a hole cat through the butffuii of the iLip as far as the flieathing by the rats, and the Ihae thing being old gave way when the lliij) liraintd : we we;e iuipri/,^d to fifvd theappeiture ftoped tip by fotr.e old lliaVin^s of yaiiil and oakum, that by fouieaccidenl wa< walhcd into it. • •We cnntiiuied nur courfe, after this the ro.i ft trending about N. VV. unti 1 the lothof May b^ing then in Lat, 59*. 33 N. rind Long, n^* 23 ii. wulmui any paiticular otcuritnce. • On the I tfh of Mnv we frur.d the oaft abruptly trend- in% to the w-ft^vard of loi'ih appeiring to be brokeni detached and inegulwr in the height. On the i2ih at nine in the ir.nrning we et»terrd an in- let, Heering as it trended, whi';h wts about N. N. W, and N. At fix in the evenin.; prrceivin.^ bad weather ipproaching we tun in With th^ land and both flups an- chored, and liiv.ijvg the weather as yet to be toiciablc liung out the kuats and fcnt them on Hioie to fiHi 4^^ with •c- t 1 lend- in m- . W. ;ither n an- \\ a blc lo l^fli wuh with thft ffiine, Kit cnucht noihin^. The pinnace of the R- folution with I be H ft lieu;en;int, fnme other gentl*^ nr^n and niyfcl went to the oppolne flioe to rh')ot fowa wild fowl. We had Pii.e furrefs, and bein:? engaged in nur fp^ ts, and nor fufp Oing the country f.oni its inhofpif.il appearance to be inh:;bite(i were furprize4 wh^'n we fnw fe erai lane b^.ats full of Indi:mi alcAt;* d/ ciofe upon us from behind a fmall iiland. ' We hid ^'ut thre** or four fowling piece.^ with U!», and t! • Indi ns l^ti the fi, Mr-; rriTierous, ai.a we hcjng out qi I oi' the (hips our fituation was mention* d to Mr, Go:- (tt^.e fi A l!cu*e-n m) ns b^^ing di!>grerable. Mr, Gore conKir^d he wa>? afr;< id the Indians would want to quarrel, vvhir^h be ftjou!d be forry to do though under no app:f henfions for our own fafe'y, but f )r the lives of the fava.i^es, who mi.fl farrifice their prowf-fs to une- qual force. Me thcrefoe gave orders to 'ei thi'm comft within tnulker ih-)t, and th^n row f..r th^ Ihips: We in- deed fullered them to com'» n-arer. .md ihf'y billooedta U8, mnVin.4 funs thit the/ war-.ted to tide, ind we rf» turned them for iniwe ai w-ll r.s we rould to follow us, and wr wru!d ti j^dc. This the/ complied with, tiv)uting, linking theii fpears and ufing ^ variety of noi* fes and gptiiculatiojis th it we [ new nothing of until thejt Oiime within h.iil of the Iliii-s. focn after which they ftopped. The people on boa d -is well jts thofeoniliorf • bferving our (ituiti')n, and mifconliruing otir drawing ihem to the (hips to ha\e fome interview with them to I tiight we were malin^ f wtn them, wer<» uneafy, and an armed boat put ttT firm each Ot-p, the me to aflSft us and the othf^r the people on flio e, who were with- ' out aims. Put we foon n^t < n bnaidwiih the pennacf. rcOifipd the ii.iitaie. and boats v^eie fent to Vy if they Could not by fome fti^ndly means peifuade the favn;?e| - tn the lhip«j. but in vain— they turned their boats a bout ^ tad were fuon out of light. We • * • "h V mp I ^ 1 We could perceive them to be a different kind of ^people from thofe of Gcoige*s-Sound, and to have /kin- On the 13th though the weather ■•as bjid we came to fail «nd purfued our courfe up the inlet not without hopes of the dear PalTip^e, which w^s now the only theme. The weather increafing to be bad, about four in the afternoon we cime to and moored in a fnut? load-ttead, convenient for water, and what was of moie importance for the purj ofe of examining and repairinjj the leak occafioncd by the tempelluous ni^^ht we left Gcorge*8-Sound. ^ On the 14th while we were employed in thefe feveral ftrvices we were vifited by the n^itivf^s who were the fame kind of people we hnd feen the p-creding day. We continued here until the 20th, during which lime we fcnt our boats to explore the inlet, and founil it to be a large found without any commiinicaiion to any o- ther fea or water northwnrd. We therefore called it feandwich-Sound. It lies in lar. ^i 39 north longitude #14 eart, about 1500 milea from Geoigc's-.Souiid. The inhabitants feem to be a diftint\ tribe from thofe at Gcorge's-Sound, and bear a very ftriking lefembiance if not an exa^ one to the Efquimnux. I need give no o- ther defcription of them. Their ikin-canoca, tlieir dou- ble bUdcd piddles, their drefs ai d other appearances of lefi note are the fame as on the coaft of Labrador and in Hudfon*«Bay. We found them pofTrfTed of a few knives and copper tiinVets liVe ihofe we had fecn at George's-Srund, and found the: wampum am n^ them, which pioves the commeicial inteiGouife as univcrfal a« I bcfoie obferved it to be. ' " Or On the 20th of April we :amf» to fail nciain, having; watered ;ind repair <•(! the leak in the RelDhiriDn. V\ e pu''fued the dire£\ion of the coaft, which trt'iidt\l from ^, E. to S. meaning to get out to fea agjyn. On the 2ifl we open'-d the fuuthern extreme fcen yefterday, and doubling it entered another oprnin.^ ve- ry capacious trending full to the eaitwud. Coutfe all night N. E. by E. On the 7 2d and 23d moftly calm. On the 2 4lh we had hard fqualls with fleet. On the 25th fteered N. by W. the l.mdt.) ftirb)a'-d trending N. R. hij;h and mountainous. At noon paf- fcd fome large iflind* bearing W. S. W. On the 16 th the land exceeding, high c^n both fides— polled two vulcMnoea. On the 27th found ourfelvj-s in what we coni''''^u;rd to be a vuft river, havuig a ftron.: foufheriy cu rrnt — founded 40 fathoms. This gave us hopti .igain 01 4 PalTage. On the 29th we enter^^d a lar^e biiy, and foiirvi th« water btakiih Came to an anchor in ^> lalh ins, and fpni the boat* to cxp.ore the coalt. To the N. K.inp/ entered a narrow oprning treiuluiv; N. W. which th^yr ^, purfued to 8 and 3 ;*n• 55 eaft. The rruntry here ihoitKh it h k| i\>mn i^ exceeding high mountains w;» m luanv phcrs level,' oprn, and well c^veied with ^ord. and inh.' lofty vulcanoes. The land covered wiih fn'^w. Move tf» and cavight feveral hund.ed holybret, and cod-Hfh— an acceptable fupply I On the 24th altered our tourfe S. by E. On the 25th we changed our couife 8. by W. as the land trended. About 7 in the evening we (aw diftant lind bearing ne.uly fouth. I^y 10 o'clock we had ^ thick fog J fired iignnl guns to the Difcovery and burnt f.ilfe fires. At 3 oVlock in the morning heard the noife of a furf, founded 2.^ f.nhoivis. The noife of the farf enc-eafing we w«re alarmed; fired 1 fignal of difhe^f? and came to an anchor with the Difcovtry jull under eur lee. • , On the '.'7th the fog clfared tip, and we found our- felves embayed wiih rocks, reefs.ancl an iil.ind, all within two cables length. We weie not only amazed to find •utfelves in fuch a frightful htuation, but were rtilimot« ' ^Itonillietl ^ I d I; .', I ] nftonifhed to conceive how we got there, ;»« the lea ft accidfmtal deviation from the courfe we had fteeied would '*^ have been fatal, and we did not fteer uniformly to a- r/ pMrticuiar point, bat generally as we conceived the coart lo trender tiom the bearings and diftances taken the preceeding day. tronithis circumftance we named the ifi^nd in view Providence liland. In the afternoon we entered a p^tifagc between Providence- lUand and the main th;it opened to the northward, and finding a fnug bay jn the Hind we entered it with both Ihips and moored. This liLind with a tew rocks to the S. W. forms the y fouihem and wellern extreme of that part of the con- J tinent which took fo abrupt a dire£\ion to the Southward and wdtward from the lat. 57 2i noifth, and lonji;. 217 3 3ealt, Pro-. idence-Ifland in 55 J 8 north, 195 eaft. ^ While we were bufied in watering in this harbour v/p. wer^ conflanily vifited by the nati/cs, among whom w» f.^und other intimitions like thofe we had feen late- ly of an Plu opean intercourfe with this part of the world, hnd w^ diuibted much if fome Europeans were not ac- tunlly ^t that time there. This, however, we deferred cnquiiing about at piefent as we expe£\ed to touch at the fame ifland on our ie»urn to the foufhward if un- fucrefsfu^ in our futur« attempts for the P«iffage to the northward. On the 2d of July we came to fail, and paffed through the lemaininj; pnrt of the Itrei^lu between the illjnd and tlic main, and purfued our courfe, fteeiingE. N.E. On the 5th fteer rd N. N. E. The land low and trend- ing vcr> much e^Hward. L.it. 574 long. 199 40. On tlie 6th we continued the fame courfe, and find- ing the water Ihoal tacJcd and ftood 6. E. this lead- ing us to 3 and a half fathoms tacked again and flood N. Wc were no.v in a laborious and perilous navi- gation, 4 Mmi [ 85 1 fation, and continued fo until the 15th, when weclea-. «d a labyrinth of rocks, Ihoals, and fpits of fand, but found ouifelves again involved on the i6th and were • bligcd to bring to an anchor, and fend the boats out to explore. The neareft land about 7 leagues diftant. Our boats were cut all night, founded in different di- re£\inn« without being able to find a channel to the northward, eaftward or wellward. On the 17th to crown our joys it came on to blow, and we parted our befl bower cable in the bend and and loft the anchor. On the 1 8th the gale abating we fpent the day in fwceping for our anchor which we finally recovered by the exertions of a mad-hardy Tar, who dived to the frifczing bottom ^nd hooked a grapling to the ring* The anchor was in five fathcm water. The I 9th was fpent in founding wiih^-it fuccefs. On the loth Captain Cook himfelf went out and found a channel with reguhr foundings from 8 to 10 fathoms, to the S. E . In confequence of this we weighed and came to fail. Lat. 59 37 longit, 197 16. ft On the ^ift the neareft lanil 5 leagues. Hove to hav- ing a head-wind and current fitting foutherly. In the afternoon were much fur prized to fee eight canoes full of Indians pndling full fpeec' towards the fliips. They did not heiitate to come near enough to the (liips to conveife and traffic, but would not come on board of us. They were tall, well made, wild fierce looking people, in Ikin- canoes, and every way like all thofe we had feen fmc« we left George 's-Sound, except in the drefs of their hair, which was exa^ly like the Maho- metan Tartars. » .» . ^. On w ml r, I'M: * .^..-^^i, ,r^' I.. Hit ' t I i6 ] ®n the 22d deepened our water to 4ofqthomSj which gave U8 much fatisfa£\ion. On the 13d had a heaxy fnowftorm, which lafteJ un- til the 26ih wheen it cleared up. On the 29ih altered our courfe to N. N. E. nnd N.K. On the jft: of Auguft our lat. wa« 61 14 long. 191 33. Continued our courfe along the coer jaw ?bout eighteen inches or two feet ; the¥ hrive a thick Jkin like that of a horfe, and the hair iJof a chefnut colour. They ari exceed- ing fat, and will produce moie than a barrel of oil. On the 19th we lay to among the ice, and fent th^ boats to the ice to hunt the fen-horfe. Killed feveral *ind brought them on board^ but it was thought an ill reward for their labor by the people when they under- flood that the llmrt pittance of Evi opean food was to be . withheld from hem, aid this fubflituted in its loorti. Etif Crtofc was deiermined upon the point, and fit th^ example himfelf by making it his conftant food while it larted. The people at firft mu.mered, andatlafteat it through mert. vexation j anij ti ing to fee who would cat m oft of it in order to confume it the fooner, fome of the people rather overdid the matter, which produc- ing fome laughable circumftnnces, the Tars fwoie they would eat it or any thing ^Ife that Cook did, for they, ^^(t c«rtaia that nothing would kill him in the he^vefji J- 0'-\^:' Vi { IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) // ///// / » <^^%^ 1.0 I.I l^|2B |2.5 |5o "^" liva U 2.0 i& 1.25 \\A 16 •• 6" ► .p 7] 5r * V '/ Hiotographic Sciences Corpo7ce* Lat. this day 70 9 long. 194 5S* ) Nothing remirk'^ble until the a^th wh^n we had ( blowing weather, which rend^r^d our fituation anoong 1 the ice dangerous. This occafioned a council of offi- cers, and it was refolved that as this PalT.ige was iin- pra£^icable for an/ purpofe of navigation, which was the great obje£\ of the voyage to purfue it iv) further at Itaft that feafon. The fhips too were in bad condi- tion, the winter approaching, and the diftance from a- ny known place of refrelhment very great. On the 28 th we left the ice and ftood S. S. W. Oui highell lat. being 71 17 long. 197. On the 29rh ftood. more to the weftward with a view to trace the ice to the Afiatic flioie. On the ifl of September made the Afiatic coaft in lat. 58 10 long. li a 2. On the 2d we pnffcd again the two capes M\at form the eattern and weftern ex tremfs of Afia and America, and as we kept the middle of the channel, which ii a- bout 14 leagues over, had the plcafuie to fee bot\ con- tinents at once. The All a tic cape is called by the Ruffi'tns the Ifrhutka Nofs. The American cape, Cape Prince of Wales, From this w^ went again to Norton's-Sound. Our vifit here on our rout to northward being but partial • ., and the fupplies W(^ took of wood and water being but final I as f )on as we could find a road-ftead we anchor* ed, determining to fupply ourfclves well with thofe ar- -. licle* ..rt-ll ^■r* t 89 1 ticles, and to have a thorough furvey of this exr^nfive Sound. This detained us until the 17th d^y of Sep- tember. We were vifited b/ fome of the natives while ible fupply of good hfli. here, and purchafed an agrees We alfo lefrelhftd ourfelves much by our exercifes on Ihore in whicli we were feldom met by the natives and never molefted. The country h?»d a tolerable appear- ance, generally covered with wood and abounded with ducks, buftards, eagles and other fowl, but we faw no animals. We alfo found sn unbounded plenty of whurts, red and black currants. Thefe curiofities were moft in- duftrioufly g?^hered and eat, and fuch an excellent ef- fe£t had they upon us that when we left this place the people (who from long confinement, hard duty, fcanty and almort any fare had become pale, languid and poor) were transformed into new beings almoft, and were li- terally grown fat, plump and rofy. On the 17th the boats that were fent out to explore and furvey returned having tracid the found to the head and examined both Ihores. On the iS«h we weighed and failed retracing the coafts we had before explored, without any paiiiculit (iifcoveries. On the 25th we had a fevere gale of wind, and the Refolution again fprung a leik, which was fo bad that v»e were kept pumping ar 1 b;»iiing niwhl and day un- til we again got into Providence-Harbiiur. We p^ilfH f'lveral illmds daiing our run to Providtnce-llland, which were banen and uninhabited. On the 99th wei'e Again overtnl-fn with a Cevere gale tendered doubly fo by ihr: eiiibairHlfuients wt were al- tftidy undci from our leak. » ^ j M Ofi ■■**-, [ 90 1 w r r On the id of OOober we made the Ifland of Pro- viderice, which we left the cjd of July on our lout to tlie northward, and the next d.iy enteicd our old har- bour and both Ihips moored in ("even fathoms clofe in with the Ihore. Our tiift care was to examine and re- pair our leak which we immedi;^tely fet about. When thi"? matter was completed, we overhauled our ringing, caulked the upper works, and then watered. We had aho in the me^in time fet our armourers and fmiih* at work to cut up a fp.ire bower anchor and work it into hatchets, fpikes, and fuch other forms as would beft ^nfwer the pjrpofes of traffic among the tropical ifland* where W(i were now going to wait the return* of an- other feifon in ordar to make a fecond attempt for the Paira/,e, though in h£\ we were well convinced alrea- dy of its non-exillence. Cook alone feemed bent upon a fecond tiial. . -'V I have before obferved that we had noticed many *\^ 'y appearances to the eafl^vard of this, as far almoft as ^/'^'y/^andwich -.Sound, of an Kuropenn intercouife, and that ^^^•*^;>"^we hr«d at this ifljnd in particular met with circum- \r- Vft^nces that did not only indicate fuch an mtercourfe ^^. but feemed i\rnnv,\y to intimate thwt f me Europeans ' '^ were ;fi\u;illy fomewhere on the fpot. I'he appearancei that foriiied th^fe conjct^U'es were fu^h a*? thefe: Wc f' und a-iiong the iohahiiants of this ifland two differ- ent kinds of people, the one we knew to be the abo- liiiines of America, while we fuppofed the others to have Come from the oppoUre (^oafts of Alia. 7'here were two different dialc^^s alio obferved, and we found them fond of tv»bncco, nun, and fnuff, tobacco weevenf«^und them polfefTed of, and we obfeived fevrral blue linen ih\its and drawers Jinionk* them. Hut the mofl remark- u able circumflmce wni a c.ike of lye-nieal newly baVcd with a piiceof falaion ia it feafoned with pepper arKl fait, * xvhich ii«. •■• '%i «■ WL r 91 ] of Pro- lout to [)ld har- clofe in and re- VVhen Wc had which was brought and prtfented to Cook by a comely young chief attended by two of thofe Indians which wc fuppofed to be Afntics. The chief feenied Jmxious to explain to Cook the meaning of the piefent and the purport of his vifit, iind he was fo far fuccefsfiil as to perfuade him that theie weie feme ftrangers in the coun- try, who were white, and had Come over the great wa- tf^rs in a vetTel fomewhat like ours, and though not fo laige was yet much larger than theirs. ^\ ^ \^,,.\ In cc^nfrquence of this Crok w^^s df^termined to cx- jjl fc the "11. nd. It was ditticult however to Hx upon a plan, that would at once anfwer the purpofes of r^fe- ty Jind expedition : An armed body would proceed 11 )W- ly, but if thfy Ihould be cut off by the Indians, the lofs in our prefent circumftances would b- irreparable, and a fingle perfon would entirely ri/k his life though he would b'^ much more expcditiotjs if unmolelled, nnd if he Ihiuld be killed the lofs wculd be (^nly one. The Inter feemed the beft, but it feemed extremely hard to fingle out an individual and command him to go upon fuch an expedition, and it was theiefoie thought proper to fend a volunteer, or none. I wa? at this tiii.e ^nd indeed ever after an intimate friend of John Gore lifq; Hrft lieutenant of the Refolution, a native of Ame- rica as well as myf«lf, and tuperior to me in command, he rec >mmended me to Capt. Cook to undertake the ex- pedition, with which I immediUely acquiefced. Capt. Cook ailured me that he was happy I had underial■■>. V) m V • ' ^J J: I' 'II, urn ;■•..•.',.' l!^I.J|,yI.'J'«pil I 91 3 i'Mii ,^l !' '! U: anfs were to be my guide. I took with me fome pre- ffiits ridapted to the (afte of the Indians fome brandy- in boftlesand Lme bread, but no other provifions. Iwet entirely unarmed by the advice of Capt. Cook. The firft day we proceeded about i^ miles into the interior part of the ill and without any remaikable occuiience until we ajjproached a'villai^e juft before n^ght. This I'illage Confil^ed of aboutthi.ty huts, fome of them large and fpacibuS though not very high. The huts are com- pofed of a kind of flight fiame ere£\ed over a fqu;iie hole funk alJout 4 feet into ihe ground; the frniiie is covered at the bottom with turf and upwards it is thatched with coaife grafs j the whole village was out to fee us and men, women and childien crnuded ^bout nis, I was Conduced by the youn^ Chief who was my ^uide and fecmed proud an /|'! ' I!!- t y^ 3 oTtKe RuflbhV ilrc'a^Jjr here befides th»fe that cnnduA eel liie, aiidfeVeral Indians who were hejitin^ fume waiter i^ ^large copper caldron over a furnace, the'heat of which aiid the ftem which evaporated from the h^t water ren- dered the hutt which vrasvery tight extreemly hot and iliflfocating. I foon und^erftood this was a hot bath of vniick'I was aifked to itiake ufe of in fuc h a friendly nnnner arid' the'appatatiis*beinc5 a little curious fo that I conceed- cfl to'l^ibqt'before I had finiftiedundreflTingmyfelf, I was oVfercortie' by the'fudden tranfition of the air, fainted aw^iy and fell back'upoh the platform I was fitting on. I was hWeve'r foon relieved by having fome cold and lu?e-: ytztm water a'dminiftered to my face and different parts of gjybbdy, I finifliedundrefling myfelfi^nd proceeded as Tfaw the rert do, who were now all naked: the Indians Who (ervcd us brought us as we fot or extended ourfelves oft the platforms water of different temperature from that' Which was as hot as we could bear to quite cold. The hot' Water was accompanied with fome hard foap and* flefli-brufli; it was not however throwri on the body from the difli, but fpiinkled on with the green bullies, after this the water made ufe of was lefs warm, and by feveral grada- tions became at lafl quite ffiold which concliideci the cere- mony, and we again dreffed and returned to our lodgings, wliere pur breakfaft was (inoaking oh the table, but the fla- vor of our feaft as well asits appearance had nearly pro- duced a. rehpfc in my fpirits, ?indno,doubt would if I had not had recour'fe to fome of the brandy I had broUgh,t which happily fa ved me. I was a good deial u'nealy leaft the cauie of my difcompofure (hould difoblige my friends^ who meant totreat me in the beft manner they could. I therefore attributed ray illnefs te the bath which might poflibly have partly occafioned it, for I an\ not very fub- jeO to fainting. I t:ould eit none of the breakfaft howf » ver, though far from wanting an appetite: it was roottly of whale, fea-horfe and bear, which, though fmoaked, 4r^e4.4od'b9iied, produced acorn pi^Uion of foiells very' uffcnllve p* t 97 3 olf'Tifivdatnltifior ten in the mornins:. I theref)r6 de- fired I misjht have a peice of fmoaked Salnion broiled dry, which I eat with fome of my own bifcuit. After breakfaf^ 1 intended to have i>t ofF on my return tothelhips though there came on a dif'agreable fnow ftorm. But my new found friends objeOed to it, and gave me to underftand that T (hould go the next day, and if I chofe thrre of ihem would accompany me, this I immediuely agreed to as it anticipated a favor I intended to have ailted them, though I before much doubted whether they would comply with it. I amufedmyfelf withindoors while it fnowed with- out, by writing d')wna few wordsof the ori^mal lan- guages of the American Indians, and the Afiatics who came over to this coaft with thefe Ruffians from Kam- chatka. The Numerals in the two languages are as follows. Am^j^ican, Tantucic Aulu N found wr ^1 m\ \ Wl'iffl !ili:il »";' H:l!; V:|! J I'l t 9« 3 I'oundby our orthography, and thofe who fpeak it prfj. p-^.'ly muftdoitliGuttu e, Per Labia, In Palate, et Per D^ntes, -^8 they would the Hebrewwhich it fo much re- femble^c. The word Schee which ftands for eight in the Hrtof American ni'meials, is indeed very nearly likcthe Hebrew word Sehin. Indeed (he guttural is theuniver- fil and radical pronounciationof all the aboriginal lan- guages on this continent, from Greenland to the Iftmus of D^rien, and from Nova Ztmbla all over the northern parts of Europe and Afia. In the afternoon the weather cleared up and I went out to fee how thofe Rullian adventurers were fituated. I found the whole village to contain about 30 huts, all of which were built partly under Ifcijround, and covered with tuif at the bottom, and coarfe grafs at the tops. The only dircumftance that can recommend them is their warmth, which is occafioned partly by their manner of conftni£\ion, and pirtly by a kind of oven, in which they conliantly keep a fire night and day. They deep on plat- forms built »n each fide of the hutt, on which they havea number of Bear and other fkins, which renders them com- fortable, H asth^y have been educated in a hardy manner, they need little or no other fuppostthnn what they procu.e from the Tea, and from hunting. The number of Kufliins w-re about 30, and tlT^y had wi*h them about 70 Kam- rh-^dalc?, or Indi:in!» from Kamchatka, thefe with fome of tlie American Indians whom they hid entered into friend- thip with occupied the village, enjoyed every benefit in common with the Riifiiins, and were converts to their Re- ligion. Such other of the aborigines of the iflandas hid not become converts to their ft-'ntlments in religious and civil matters, were excluded f-om fuch pririlegeu and were prohibited to wear certain arms- I alfo found a fmall 11 lop of about 30 to/is burthen laying in a cove be- hind th« vilhr.:e, and a hutt near h«r containing her fails, cordagS) ."■p t 99 1 cordage, and other fea equipage, and one old Iron three- pounder. It is natural to an ingenious mind when it enters a town, a houfe, or (hip that has been rendered fan.ous by any" particular events to feel the full foice of that pleafure which refults from the complealeit fatisfa£\ion that chfi be obtained to gratify a noble curiofity. I was nofoon- er informed that this floop was the fsme in which the (p- mous Bheering had performed ihofc difcoveries which dd him fo much honor, and his country fuch great fervices, than I was determined logo on board of her and indulge the generous feelings the occafion required. I iniima- ed my ^ilhss to the man that accompanied rr.e who went back to the village and brought a canoe in which we went on board, where I remained about an hour, and then le- tu.ned, Bheerinfi^wag a Ruffian by biah, and like his prede- ccffor and Prince, Czar Pe»ei feemed born to render tho!c fervices to his country which none but the really g eit and thofe obftinately bent on doing good can do. Thpre is a hiftory of his life and difcoveries extant, but I have never had the happinefs to fee it. though I wag informed Cook had it with him. I am therefore under the neceflSty of recommending my readers to this hiftory for a more p€ife£\ account of his proceedings in general as well as thofe which concern the prefent voyage, than what I am n-^wable to furnifli them with for the want of if. lam inclined to wifli that fo great a chara£\er as Cook's could not be ftained by envy. Eut it is an abfolurc faO that Bheering's difcoveries upon the coafts of America from th^ latitudes 59 N. and longitudes 2 17" E. to the ifl.ind of Providence, and from thence taking the coart in gene- ral to the two famous capes, the Ifcut/ka Nofs, andCapr Prince of Wales were ?intecedint to Cooks, and they not only much facilitated his own navigation, bat deprived him of th » honor of being the fole difcoverer «f the N. W. continent of America, though it muft be acknowlcdgetl that !i|:f,;n '!Ml ;ii- " ;lVl" '\ ;l''i» - ' ■ • .■>'■■ F I U ■ m" m .H :iM]j::!lil!ii!;w» ^^•^'—^•"W ' 'J .1' li 'I n-if t ' ! 'II I loo 1 ih'it Bhecring's knowledf^e of fuch partsas he did ex- plore were incorre£^, imperfe£\ and infinitely below ihe ConluniiTiatc acruincy of Cook. Hheerini^'s difcoveiiei were ihofe of an obfcure un flifted genius who had every difficuly to fiinnount that cm be thought incident to 4 man iUiberally educated, and tcfuch a vart undeitaking, and Cook's, thofe of a perfon whofe hme had already been eftabllhed, whofe genius hid all the ^iTirt 'nee ofatt, and whofe equipments in other refpe£ts wetc the iiudied accomodations of the gieateft nautical kingdcm oneaith. This little bark belon.a;fd to Kan.chatka, and came from there with the Afiatics already mentioned to thii ifland (which they call Oo^nalatchka ) in order to eliablilh ;» ^^^ It and fur factory. They had br.en here :^.Vou\ fi\e yeirs, and go over to Kimchatka in h?r once a ye.ir to de- liver ihtiir merchandiz-e, and Ret a recruit of luch fup- plifjeas they need^fmm the chief faOoiy there, of wluch I ihill take further notice hercHiter. The next day 1 fet off from this village well fatisfied with the happy iifueof a rout which Wris now asagieabie as it was at firfl undefi table. I was accoiiipanicd by three of the principle KulTians and feme atiendantij. We em- barked at the village in a large Ikin bo.it much lite cui large whale-boats rowing wiihiz oar8,andr8we ft uck diieOiy acrofs the bay we Ihortcned cur diHince feveral nM!*«, andthe next day p^iImg the fame village I had befoie been at, we arrived by lundown at the bay where the Ihips lay, and before d.irk I f^ot on board with our new jic<4U lintancc. The fatisfaainn this difcoveiy gave Cook, i.iid the honor' that redounded to me ni 7 be cafily ima- gined, wnd the feveral conjraurca lefpe^ing the api^eai- ancc of a foitign intercourfe letliUcd and ccntjrm^d, 'J l.^t .All im . % ^'«>jnd fuch a« the/ make uUi of u wh;ii -r drifii wmmm ^m§ t 101 1 drifts upon the fliorea from different p?.rt8 of the coat^ on the coniinent. It produces however feveral plants and riowcis common to the climate, and among others a plenty of whuris. % * ■ ,. . L-r ;.,-,; J/ • . On the firft of November we fet fail, and paflTmg through the ftrei^hts to the fouthward loft lij^ht of Providence Iflmd fteerine; e^iftward and fouthwaid toward Sandwich -11 ind?.We had now been nine months updn the coaft of A- mTica, we had feen and futfered a great deal, and wc had ftill more to fee no doubt, but I believe nobody thoup,ht more to fuffer. We had however the agreable relied^ion of havingexplored the greateft part of the unknown coafts of northern and weftcrn America, and of having affcer- tained and fixed the cxa£t limita to the whole of it , ai well as the northern and eaftern coafts of Afia, and the iftmdsinthe intermediate ocean. .. ., .; ..... f .; We met with no particular occurrences on our paf- fage (\ing round the outfide of the lliips. The crouds on (hore wereriill niDre numerous. The beach, the furrounding rocks, the tops of houfes, the blanches of trees and the adjacent hills were all cove led, and the (bouts of joy, and 'ad- miration proceeding from the fonorous voices of the men confufcd with the (hriller exclamations u( the women dancing and clapping rheir hand^ the overfeting of •anoes, cries of the children, goods on float, and hogd that Wire broui^ht fo mnr>et fquealing formed one of the moft tumultuous and the moft curious profpeOs that can be imagined. God of creatic-n thefe are thy do- ings, thefe arc cur breihern and our fifter?, the workt •f thy hands, and thou ar^t not without a witnef« even here where for nqes and perhaps fince the bej^inning it h. fclftobe carried 'ipon the Ihoulderpof his bargemen from the boat to the fummit of the beach: the bargemen un- covered. At foon at he was fet down, the multitude jt^ [ lOj 1 J w on the b«ic!i M\ proftratr with their faces to th(« c:ronnd, and their ams «*xtendefl forw^rcJ. Thofft upon the ar, huf he was no fo>ne' palt them thin thf-y ro'e Rnd followed hiin. but iiCook hwppenfid to turn hi* held or look beh'nd him they wee down ^u'^im in in in- ftant, and up a^jninas "con, whenever his face was re- vei ted t'» fome other quarter, this punc^i'i)U"» perform mf:5 of refp'^d info vM\ a throng beui^ rf;!7ulated fnlely by th« accidental turn of one m'n- head, anvi the tranfition beinij fudd'^n andftr^rt le ide «d it ve-y dtfi^ult even f)r an in- dividual to be in p'-oper attitude, if he lay p.oftate but a fcronJ tO'> lon'JC he waj p:etty fuen-^t to rile pz/.'^m unti he h^id been tr.impled upnn by ^11 behind him, iind ifhe dar- f d not to proftnre h m''elf lie W)uld itumb. cover thnfe be- foiC him who did. This produceil a ^^leit many laui'hnb.e circumft .nc^s, and as O>ok w lU sd very fait to tijet ofTifoin th; find into the ilndes of the town, it rendered the mat- ter ftiUmore ditfi':ult. At !eneth h-wever they adopted am-^diMm :h it much better -mrA/ered a runin,:^ compliment an 1 did not difpler-fe the chiefs, this was to ;/o upftn all fours, which wastiuelycu i')usamon^at le '(l leti ihouf^nd people, Thisconcou fe however did not Cv^nsinue lony;, for after pMlfrii^ thiou'-',h a fmall put of the town only to the M:)»Ai, ( vhich I iliall dr^fcrihe heieaftei.) Thin be- in o; a f'lnOifi^d fpot,and the pj^f pie in yenetal fi>ihid to approach it, Cook w i • ie-ft much to his fwiisi^dif:n, 'Attend- ed only by a few chiefs and their d«'nK"Hi's, or rwtle- Kikumas wh )^e chir^e^ers I IIhU pa ti'ui.irly (lefciii-- hcreaftar. Tl^e liill buiinef^ CooV wilhed to ;iCcle Ihiuld at all times be utterly excluded fiom entering them, and as a ratification of what they had promifed, they dire^.My fixed on the top of the wall thit furrounded the ground a number of the white rods before mentioned. The chiefs on our fide were made an exception to this agreement, and thofe a- mong the natives were to be admitted as we pleafed. Thefe p'opDfi (ions furpri/ed Cook as they were new and iinexped^ed; and he wilhed upon the whole that they might not be attended with fome of the difficulties they feemed to portend, but when he contemplated the good fenfe by which they were di£\:ited, and the harmony they were calculated to produce he acquifXed. After this Cook returned on board tnking with himfeveral of the chief's who dined with him u;)on the fruits of their own Country, which they liked boiled and roafted after our nnnner as well as their own. In the afternoon I was fent with a guard of mirines Telexed for the purpofe from both (liips to take polTenTi >n of our intended encampment, and in receiving^my oiders particular care was taken to mention at large the abive mentioned agreement, which I was en- joined f;arefully to maintain uninfringed. The ardour of curiofity was now fomewhat abated, but T had no fooner landed with the m nines in compleit uniform, than the town b'^n:;in to puir forth its thoufands again, but landing wi'hin the limits notilif^d h • the white rods, not a fingle indi>idual approached beyond them, r.nd our tents wKit pitched chiefs thus I, and n ne- than greed men- people ts pre- nes be ication the top of the Lir fide :hofe a- pleafed. cw and U they ie^ they t 107 ] ^m ,^r- pitchedand fcntries pofted before fun- fet without anoy- ance. I could not but reric£\ in this fituation how much T was indebted either to t^etin idity or leai innctence hof- pitaliiy and gencrofity of thefe people whofe ininenle numbers had they all been women would have tr^iuipled uie toattcms. The intriufic difference between us and them in eveiy refpe£\ w.ts ceitainiy gieat, but the greatefk difference was imagin^Jiy refpe8ing them and imputed to us, the moment therefore that ihif^fiippofed fupeiior.iy of ours Ihould ceafe to cxift or be diminilhedjour confequence and importance would be at an end, or at leaft could only befuppoited the wor It of all aids. ;in appeal to aims, which ill ourfitua lien would ruin us though we conqueicd. Asfoonas the fun fet T crdrred fome additional fen- uies, and though the wondering Indians did not cntiely evacuate the furroundmg walls until d.nk, yet ihey retired in the greaielt peace and goodoider. The next morning as foon as the fun rofe they begjin a- gain to alfemble upon the walls, wheie they continued untill night in the fame niimner they had done the pie- ceeding d^y. In this fort matters were condiidedat th« tents^ awd peace, plenty and good order prrv ailed. At length fome of thofe difficulties Cook had forefeen and en- deavoured to provide againft beg;in todiicover themfe ves. The people at the tents crmplained that according to or- ders they were fecluded the fociety of thcfair, while thrt people on board were not, and that it was a jurt mutter of Complaint, This whs priitly true, and 'o remedy it would be 10 oppolie and ^iigue down the ihongelt p: won d be n ore pic- puious aad p'odu>'u e of Thf oihe ci ci^n It' n- es. The people hid often aiten pled t(» pr' ferule the illicit ^i- nmu;Hwhen thcy^ nfquedthe lefetiruient »>r t l.en r-lticeis, bat they no fooiier perceived th*- ir.f" ives fieejf'cui ih s r-'ltrnint by their C!)ndut\. th^n thf^^y weie d^temiined wh'^n'iver opporti]nit\ (nvcied to in p cue the hint, hor inyownp^rt l really forcf^jw the luifchiefs that would enfue, and ende^vo ed to put the u.attei up('n ano her footing, thou^^h without fuccel.<^. The euibarraffn.e.nts our enaniourat^es wei(; al e^^ly under, weie Hill ^leater fiom our continuity to the MoRAi, which the wf men of the country never dareappunch from reli^iou."< motives, eXflufiveof the confide ation . f bein;' the liilt to infringe upon the conditicns thev have fubfifting betweentheir chiefs and U3 of another kind. There wjis in flioit no alte/na'ive but for our people to fjo without the line? and meet theii miilrelTes upon neu- tral ^lound. This w^is al Hrj\ done by the otficers with the uimolk {t^cxecy — but what can be hid from jealous love, and the fl/:eplefs eyes of enxiety — our foldiers and fnilors fiw it and praOifed it. It was iini)( flible for a fvUiiibci ©f men u^un hi 1£ 4^ iiCic of ^j round tg^o out and leium mmm mm t 109 [ ff tuT) all Upon the fame bufiners and not have fome ren- counter ti at would lead to^ difcoveiy, which was foon the Cr^fe both between officers and men, and then the co- ven int was T\o mote, rhism itter was at 1 3ft well known aiMontj the inhabit».nts, but as it h-^d never been prcduc- tne of anymifundeiilandingson eithei fide, it was taken u > other notice of by people in general : but the chiefa tn JUghtdifferenMy the/ knew it was a breach of cove*' nant.This might be eile<-med tiivinl onour part ?nd indeed it was, but it was the begining of our fubfequent misfor- tufits, and acknowledged to be fo afterwjirds when it was too late, to revert the confequences. In a few days the whi;e rods weie ialpoitunity tofoim an opinion of our mcinne.s andab Unties, nclr«)ntr>ft ihem with their own, nd)\ ^'^ ^ ev'^n inft>uOtdin ih^ n^tureand ufeofour ftrearms, and permiied to piove cur own perfonal prowefa in wrcltlin^, bpxing and Mher athletic exercifes, and in fome inft inces Vvirh fuccefs rn their licle. It alfo fiung tempiations in their way to thea which they diligently improved and we refented. It was not however until 1 fome time after our arrival that we Uw thefe appearances, and not till ncj^rour final dc^parture that we law the evils that refulted from them. The thi^dday after our acquaintanre Capr. Cook was invit- ed on Ihore b^- a number of the cl ieis. rmong wh(.m was a piieft, to a kind of entertpinment ur rather ceremony that he could nor unde^ ftand, as they either could or would not explain it to him, he was cbli^icd to comply at a hazard with their requells to come at theknow'edvif of a cir- cumliance they were more anxious to communicate than he W48 to receive, * Cook waaautuxdedby three of hiilieutcnarta. ?nd a duiclinan t • ♦ Ml'' .', l.'ilFi ill:' «! 'I f no 1 draftfrn-'in uniformly drefTed. As they p?»ffed the tent» aftec landing, I wis invited by Lieur. Km^ lo ma'sC on« ^f the party, our rout led to a romantic n Jeat fpot weft of ihe Mjrai which wis the leiilnje oi the prieft that coada/^ed thecerem >ny. It coniuted of a cuc.e of lat,. e cocoanut and other trees that rt')oJ u,Joa tne m irgin of a pond of water in the eente: of which w:is a ba thing pi ce. Upon the north fide of the pr^nd were \ row of houfe-! liand- ing am^ag the trees, and weie m Ai delightful y titu ited. j Thefe houfes extended a 'm">rt ti the Moka?, neareit which was thatof the piielt who was the lord Oi this beciutiull rccefs. Between the hiufes and the pond we'e h nuo^ber of giifs p'ots interfered byfev^eral fquare hoiCswuhwa- terinthem which we e private baths. Ontiie enlt lide under the wall of the Morai was a thick aiboui of ioW fpreading trees, and anumberof ill carved iB:ji .etreit we weieall e ndut\ed, and Capt. Cook was placed by one of thnfe iuia- ges which was hun^; round with old pieces of their cloths and fome viands. When th"^ con|pany were all featcd the natives form-d a lemiciicle in front of Co' k, who with his lieutenints wa each lide rompjfed the tafe. The prieft, who had b^en very bufy in foiniinf^ this arangment now proceeded to the molt important part of duty, and began to anoint th< head of Cook with cocoanut-oil infufed with a milky juce that is ob- tained from the bread fruit, uttering at the fame tim« wiih a jargon we knew nothing of fome kind offpeech, the chiefs at certain peiiods vociferating with a ftrong fonorus voice a kind of amen. This part of the cere- mony lafted about twenty minutes, and was fucceeded by a long, uninterrupted, formal oration by the piieft, which was run over with the greateft rapidity, andlaft-^ ed about half an hour, N^twithftanding, the langua^^c here is almoft verbally the fame as at Otaheite, and' the other iflandj we could not undecftand a word thi^ Levit« ^ ^;w I vil« t I II 1 LcviVe had fpoVen. At the end of thd fpeech the reft 6£ the n^^nvcs ^n\ea fliout, and this wasfucceeded by a fong of a dovj nirjjettic cf mpofition and was Ihort. The fong «rded '^nd wcs fucceedcd by a barbigued hog and bread- luit, but Krwe\er ceren oni<^U8 the natives had been in the p't-ceeding paitofthis exhibition, they now were of a diffeent f pinion, and made the moll ftrcnuous efforts of difpatrh. t It was at this time about ten o'clock in the morning,. «nd we did not laitafe with our friends, except in si_ drink ofcocoanut-milk ; they, however, finiftied the hog, and then lofe to wait upon Cook into town, 5, -^'•■'^i We h^d now been here feveral days, and had been waiting with ?nxiety the anival of their Oiono, La Hi or greateft Chief, whofe r?n f was Kiiec?boo, whom we cxpeOed every day and e^ eiy hour according to the reports of the natives irom the ifliind of Mauwee, where he had been at war with the chief of that iflind. On the 2 2d of J^njary fome of the chiefs and other warriors, who had been at Mauwee came into the bay, and the next day feveral moie hundred uiade their appear- ance but it was not until the 25th that Kireeaboo c-^me. He was attended by a number of double canoes, the largell we had ever feen, being between 6q arid 70 feet in length, and a large retinue of ftout, ct^nely bold looking hardy chiefs, beftdes other attend'jnt.* and about 30 men with paddles. Jn the fore andj-indet parts of his canoe were pl?jcf»d feveral ill-formed images of wicker work cove'-ed with a varif^fy of feathers., of different colours, but chieHy red and blaclc. Tfiefe thty carry to war with thrrn. , They ton .», y» I i '^\mM ■i ^MinH HBU'imun J! HHn lu fm 1 ii 'V m I 112 ] in his peanace diref^ly to the tents fr^^m whence he went out to meet him. T e inte view was v^orthy Cook and Kirceaboo, and they fe^rDed from ihit m nieiU to Conceive an uncommon attachment to each other. Ki- recaboo was an old m?n and very feeble, about 5 ff-et ^ inches high, and of a fli?nder m^ke, he h^d a coun- teniince very exp efRve of (Jonfcious dignity and merit^ and condu£^ed himfelf at all times worthy a lulec of the people. After the cerennnies of the fi-ft falutation were over Cook invited iCireeaboo^ and led him by the hand to his markee atteitded by a concou'^fe of his chiefs, who expreff- ed the liveliett fenfe of the honor done their kin^. Our '^ftronomers were at this time re£\ifyinej their mathe- matical aparatus in the front of their obfervations. It was a bright day, and the appearance was even bril- ■ liant to us, but much more fo to Kireeaboo and his at- tendants, who even expreffed a fupe ftitious fear as they approached it. They had heard what terrible things our guns were, and therefore were paiticularly apprehenfive ordHn;];er from our two telef^opes that ilood eleveted above the reft. The quadrants did not appear to be dangerous inftrumentp, but both from their conftru£\ion and ufe wers a perfe£^ myftery, about which they made endlefs en- quiries, and would h^ve Idolized if one might judge from their extravigant exclamations and geftures. A great part of the forenoon was fpent in fatisiying the curiofi- ties of thefe untutored fons of men, and in endeavor- ing to inform them of our knowledge, and judge of the capability of theirs. But after all the only conclufion they m^de was that as we h^d fo much to do with the fun and the reft of the planets whofe motions we were con- ftantly watching by d;iy and night, and which we had informed them we were guided by on the ocean, wi? muft eithe- have come frorn thence, or be fome other way particularly connti6\cd with thofc obje£\8, and to *•* ' ft lengthen f>', ivLii^ vmiii t "J ] over :o hi* pieff- Out lathe- is. It \ btil- his at- 18 they ig8 our lenfivc 1 above jgcrous fe wer« lefs en- jadgc A great cutiofi- jdeavoi- e of the nclufion the fun etc con- we had eJin, ^'^ tie other and to iiengihen ftrengthen this inference the;^ obferved that the cotouf of oijr (kins partook of the red from the fun, and the white from the moon JJnd ftais, befides, tkey f-id we d?alt much with fire that we could ViU othes withit, but that it would not hurt us thou{?:h we wereclofe by- it., and that we rendered it in all things intirely fub- fervient to us. When the ufuRl hour of dini'na; arrived Cook iivitpd Kiteeiboo and his attend 'nf« on board, and as his ra- bi- was no o'herwife o n^mented than with the pio- du^b 'ns of Owyhee his guefts were the better accom- modated, Kireeaboo made hi'j dinner folely with bread-r;iiit and a drink of water, but his chiefs who wet'; youn:;er, u'ed both pork and ifowls— they m ide no ule of knives or forks, and cirimed their mouths as full as they pof- fibly couM, but the quantity they eat was very mode- rate, they alfo dr»nk only water, refufing wine, porter, ram or any oihit k'nd of liquor. After dinner they were cundu£\ed upon deck, where they were a^ain hi; gcnfirally refided. They all dined to;^ether in Kiice- abooVs houf- : The dinner confiftsd of a ho:r and pota- toes ba':ed after their mmner fpread on geei plantain- leaves, round which th-y all feated th<»m'elve< crofT- le;;ged, there was no ceremony, except th t ofwafhing the inouth nnd h.in Is b)th before and after dinner with clean water, and the only utenfils at the feafl were pie- ces of bnmboo, which were ufed as knives ; the natives diank water, anJ out officers to conform as near at poflib'e t-) the c-»ntou' of the entertunment drank co- co.iH'it-milk. After dinner the/ went nut to take the air under an ad icent ihide, where they were entertain- ed with a dance by the women while they wei-e voluptu- oufl/ ftretched alonci; the ^raf? or reclined a'j-ainft the trpes. One of the2;ent!emenfrorathedifcov£ry b ou^hi his violin with him, and one from the Rpfoiution i< >?e m 'n-flutc, and as lh« company fef*merl to want i variety, they played upon each in turn The vi(>lin produced the m<(\ m mo- derate laui^hter nTi>n'4 the n:Ui\es, who fe-m'd 'o '•elilh iias man/ d«) th^ bi {pipe .ormuchmoe ind ff ently, but wh^n we accoiTipmied it by a v<-Untary dance or cotil- lion they h.id a ditfrrent opinion, the Hutp they mu^^h ^dni- rcd ind exnuined /ery cuirfly. The drum and fie (though ?iot prefent) is th'* mufic they ttirl^ deli^»hr in. When th- fun was upon the decline Ki'eeaboo nnd his fuit ciofTed ti\e bay to Kiukakuoam cider to comp'cat - - the »i; I ,/,*• tihe cntcrtaiRir.f nt ofhisgucfts by an exhibition of the gyraiiaftic Hnd at which a large conccurfe of people of all denominiiijns were prefcnt. The difpofuion oi the affembly was nn extenfive circle in the midftoi which wag J ea'ormed, wipft.ing, boxing and other ath.etic ex- ercifcs which I need ncit lu.ther defcribe than leieiing my readers to the jcmunts ciihofe v^nies at Ton^otaboo one ot the friendly 'il.:ndj', wi h which they entirely cor- relpond cxrept in one pa ticular, which whs a circumrtance we h?(l ne\e. before met with, this was a fort of ftandard ©r infiy;nia v;hich w;.s brm ht on ^nid introduced into the circle by one of thofe who h^d laft excelled in thofe exer- cifes, and whrn the fports we:e over it was taken by the vi£\o. or vii>oi3, and prefeived by them hs a teftimony •.u'th'^i prowefs untill th^y were excel ed in fume fuh- feqaent rencouniei. The lofsof thisbad^eoihnn^i never occHfiind any uneafmefsor repining, and the invettment was decifive a3 the .Oion which won it : it waj: the Ih )Ut of conf.ntincj hundreds that clofcd eve.y leat which de- clared to wlioiii it was due. This {\anda-d feemed to have a refemblance of the ancirnt Hoinan one: The i\ ff was about isfeetlon^, en the (op ihc e w.;8 a iiuck with loine holes in it, through which a line was rove, and to the endsoftfie line hung a llj at broid pendwnt, undern*tath this about two fe t fr. m Th^ truck wis fwf|)^ndfd b/ another cord a tranfvtrfe rt ck about 4 feet lon^, to which a, large man of war bird was fixed with the tip?- 01 the wings fi^rrad to each end r\ the «ick, and the whole wai ornaaituiic'd wi:h luilc tuus of variagatcd feathors. Thi^ CTemony w^n very well conduifled, but fell rt»>.t iii ff-veral relpeda to thofe of the f.ime Kind at Tongotab.'o. At lun-down the liX)rt8 ended, and nfrei th« vi^oa had i?one oflf in tiiiimph with the inli^^ni.i ^ vktoiy the>ffsuU)Jy diifolved, Kiictatgo wrn^ o. w H m wm .«• Ii6 ] h'\>:i ' mi: 111' 1 ll';:,i(l n M ▼«r un:5ttended Rnd without cereinony to Kiverua, aixl our otficeis to their feveiai ihips. The n?xt evemnoj Cook invited K'jeiib)o and hij pfople t) another en:ert..innient, which they wfterwjida juit.y called the fie y one. This w«!S the exhih.ti n of fome of the Ere-woilf* we had b ru, ht irnii Wo( 1- wich, The fi^me of this intended enict; inuent and the manifeft preparations that had been m^'ling on the bearh at Kireekakooa by our gunner sud yoemen ex- tcf)ded the report far and nc^ r, by which M.e;ins there w,js an inuiienfe number of fpe^^ato s. As 1. on w>< it was well dark Cook hnded atthefpoi whrre \\\t pr^jyir- ations wer^, attended by Kiieeaboo, and '.\ t^re.ai num- per of men and women in their canoes. Tht nativfi h^^ been r<^^me of them all day wniimg, and ihric tx- f:eOation^ were wound up to the lart extifmity, fonic of them hJid begun to jef;r us, and e^prefs a giei;t f . n* tempt of our hei\a, as they cdhd it. Cook expeilrd f me I juv;hab!e ci cumdances, and wjs willing to im- yirove it, he theieiore took the necelTary precaution% ;w where, and manv had been trampled un* der loot and remained m^tionl^'fa there. It however h^rpcnrd lucliiy that rh^i oh- which at tiri\ caufcd tkcii iL4t did nut long contiQue, .lud ii« that expired tho ^ I "7 ] ia, aixl erwatds hib.ti n Wod- ent and J on the iipn ex- n^ ihtrc on 'H it t:n n'lm- nativf* it> , fonic ;iri'.t ' ' Ff ig to im- caution% as Client uu'.d not laughter: Ciieeaboo m.;; thrm, .1\C8 from men I l^*^* he town, lany t^^ry l>lrd un- h^wc^«•r t\ caufcd the terrors of thofe who fi^d as well ax the few wh« lem ined behind f^bfidrcT, and Kiieeaboo rofe and cal- lel himfelf to the hirdKinoft of the people to jcturn, and fenr after the relt : This had fuoh an effect that v^ \\\ ny did return, and w.it the remaning part of the cvenina^, but there were many who were frightened paft "1 recove y, and did not ippeu any more that night. How- ' 1 e er when we came to proceed i'nd tire another racket r< thmiv;h thoie thai h^d returned faw their king and the reit of the cnmp-^ny fate, nnd thenifslves unhurt yet they Co i!d n ^t refill the fanner impulfe, and again tovik to thei Keels, and thou:;h they foon returned they con- tin icd t> do f > occ .fnnally through the whole ceremo- ■ 7, except at the exhibition of the water-rackets, whicK feem d to reconcile them tothe opinion of the enter* ta n iient being calculated to pleafe and not to hurt them, and when all was over they parted wi^h us highly ^^ rlenfed, ihouting our greatnefs and goodnefs. . On the 26th of Jaruiry 1 fent a billet on board to.^ Cook, (kfrin^ h"s p' ui.iTion to make an excurfion in- ^ to the inieiior parts of tie country propo(ing if prac- ^ ticable to rench the fjmnis peak that teminitcd the N hei^^ht of the ill nd. My propofal was not only grant- ed, but pron.otfd by Cook, who very much wanted fiime infoim^itions rcfpe£\ing that pirt of the id .nd, pari ticularly the pctk, the tip of which is generally co- vered with fn«>w, and h^d exited great curiofity. He -^ deiired the gunner of the IV'folufion, the botanift fent C^ Out by Mr. Ranks 'md Mr. .Simeon Woodruff to be oC the |>arty. He a'fi> pr< cured u«; fonn! attendantii among the natives to {X\{\ us in cart) ini; tur b.^ggage and di- reiS\ ng us th:ou h the w(X)ds. It ie(jui;ed fome pru- dence to make a L^ood equipnit-nt for this tour, for t Jj,tjugh we had the full heat of a t»opical tun near the margin of the illand \«'e I new wclluuld ex^jerience a difTerent temparamcnt in the ait the higher we advanced to- ward <-^-\ . p;.i ''|i!: i I'll ■t i lit A ' i^iHil uffllH 'KS imn "S \ Ki M t lUil Ih 1 iUli ■1 . ,'K c II s ] wavd« the peal^, and th^.t the tranfition wouM be fud- den if not cxtrcoie, we theicfoie took each of us a wool* en blink<;t, and in g^n^rsil nude ft me alteration in our drefi, and we each took a b^ule of brandy. A- mon^ the n^itives who were to attend u?* wjs a young chief whofe n ime was O'Crany and two youths Irom amor.i< the conimornlty. Our couife lay ealtward and noichward fioiu the town, and about two o'clock in the afternoon we fet our, when we had >iot without the town we met ?in dd acquaintance of mine (who ou^ht in- deed to have been introduced before. ) He was a mid- dle a.^ed man and beion^^ed to the oidcf of theii Mida or pneithDod, his n^me was Kunneiva. We faiuttd each other, and the old man aikeJ with much impati- ent curiofity whe;e we were going, when wc had in- form^id him he difapp-^oved of our intention, told us that we could not go as far as we p opofed, and would have pe;fuidedus to rerun; but finding we were dcierft)ined in our lelolves, he turned and accompanied us ; about two n\i\t.s without the town 'he land was level, and rontinued of one pi in of little r nclofur^ s (eparated from each other by low biotd walls : Whether this cir- cumltince denoted fepwrate property, or w^s done fole- Jy to difpenfc with the lava that o erfpread the face of the country, and <'f which the walls a.e c-^mpofed, I cann-»t fay, but pob^ibly it denotes a diltind^ pc-ffef- lV>n. Some of ihefe fickls were planted, and others by their appearance wcie leit fallow: In fume we faw the nntives collr£\ing the coarfe grafs thit had grown upon it duiing the time it had lain unimproved, and burning it in detached heap^. Their fweet potatoes are moi^ly raifed here, and indeed arc the principle objeO of their a2;ricultu e, but it r^'quites an infinite deal of toil on v. account of the quantity of lava thit remains on the land »i. notwithft'jnding what is ufed about the walls to come at the foil, and bcl'idcs they have no implennents of hulbjndry hufbandry f at we could maVe u'e of had the ground been free from the lava. If any thing can recomprnce their labor it muft be an exuberant foil, and a bcni- ficcnt climate. We faw a few patches of fugar cane interfperfed in moift places, whirh were but fmall : But the cane was the largrft and ?.s fweet as an> we had ever feen, we alfo paiTed fcveial group* of plan- tain-trees. T* efe enclofed plant?tirns extended about 3 milea from the town, n^ar the h ck of which they commenced^ and were fucceeded by whdt we called the open plant- ations. Here the land bei^an to rife with a gentle af- Cent that continued about o* e mile when it became abruptly ft^-ep. Thefe were the plantations that con- tained the breijd-fiuit t'ee."^. (What Ceres a c thy wheat- en ni'*ve«», and thy>ellow harvefts compared with this fcene! H.tve the fonfijs of p ets done thee fo much ho- nor firm a ficMy theme, what would they do another deity from beholding this extenfive difplay of fponta- neous ve-itation. Son of whit aie thy fields but the fad teftimony of toil, and >vhcn thy feeble plants hath paiTed the thoufand dangers that attend its pro- grefs to a ftate of pe ff£\inn ir\ the field, whit is it then, are not the fubfequent operations neceiTary for the ufe of man ftill more nume-ous and complicated. Man cateth it by the fweat of hi^ brow. But behold now thefe b e^d-f uit-plain< thine eye cannot difcern their limits, and the trees are like the cedarn of Lebanon in number and in ftatu'-e— c^n the ^rovelini? fwine tram- ple them under his feet, nr aie thev deftroycd by a guft ( f rain. Here is neither toil or care man Hretch- eth forth his h:^nd and cateth without paiAuiony or an- ticipated want.) • . .. .. • » After leavinc^ the b-e^d-fruit-foreft^ we continued up the afccnt to the diiUncc of a mile and an half fur- thvr '%''^^^ [ * 1IPP»1«PW I I20 I thcr, and found the land thick covered with wild fern, »inong which our batanirt found ^ ne^' fperies. Itwa? BOW near fun-down, and b^in; up n ^h* /k tsofthofe woods that fo renmkably fu rouiJ^d th\n id nd at a uniform diftance of 4 ^ind 5 /nilei from the Ih > c, we Concluded to halt, efp*cially as rh(»re was 1 hu; ha'd by that would afford u? a better retreu du in? nit(ht than what we might expeO if we proceeded ^hen we reached the hut we found it inh hit-d by ?n elderly man, his wife and diu2;htcr the einb cm of inn 'Cent uninftru£\ed beauty. They were fomewhat di^crmpof- ed at our appearance and equipment, and wou'd have left their houfe throuQ;h fear h^d nit the Indi. ns who accompanied u^ pe.futded th- n o'h*» Afi.e, and at laft reconciled them to us. We fat down together be- fore the door, and from the hei; on the ocean, «jnd a diliant view of three of the neighbouring lilinds* It wa« exquifitly ente^aining. Nature had beftowed her graces with her ufial negruent fublimity. The town of Kireckakooa and our lliip in the bay created the contrail of art as well ^s the < ultivated ground be- low, and as every objeM w.i8 partly a novelty it tranf- ported as well as convinced. As we hadpropofed remaining at this hut the night, and being willing to preferve whit provisions we h^^d it'dydrcffed, wepurchifed a li tie pig and had him d flT- rxlbyour hoft who finding his a;count in his vifitants be- Hired himfelf «nd foon had if rej-dy. After fupper we h?td fomeofour brandy dilated with the mountain water, find we had fo long been confined to the poor brakilh water at the bay below that it was a kini of ne£^ar to us. A» foon as the fun let we found a confieiable difTerence in the ftatc ./ [ lal 1 fta t« of the air. At night a heavy dew fell and we felt it ve- ry chill/ and had recourfe to our blankets notwithftanding we were in the hut. The next morning when we came to enter the woods we found theie had b«en a heavy rain though none of it had approached us notwithftanding we were within «oo yards of the fkirta of the foreft. And it feemed to be a matter of faO both from the informations of the natives and our own obferva lions that neither the rains or the dews defcended lower than where the wood8 tcrniin;«ted, unlefs at the equinoxes or fome periodical conjuncture, by which means the fp^ice between the wood.t and the (bores aie rendered warm and fit for the purpofes of culture, and the fublimated vegetation of tropical pro- duOions. We traverfed thsfe woods by a eompafs keeping* a direct couifefor the peak, and was fo happy the firft day 29 to find a foot-path that trended nearly our due couife by which means we traveled by etti mat ion about 15 miles, and though it was no extraordinary march had circumftan- ces been different, yet as we found them we thoupjht it a very great one, for it was not only exceHive miry and roui^h but the way waj» moflly an afcent, and we had been unufed to walking, and efpecinlly tocarryin'^ fuch loads as we had. Our Indian companions were much more fatigued thrni we were, though ihey had nothing to carry, and whitdif- pleafed us very much would not carry any thing. The occa- fional dehys of our botanical refearches delayed us fome- thing. The fun had not fet when we halted yet meeting with a fituation tha t plcr^fed U3,and not being limited as ta tim*^ wi^tent the remaininfj part of the d.iy as humour ditl.ited^UWie botanizing and thcfe who had fowling; pieces with them in ihooiing, for my pj»rt I could not but think the prefent appearance of our fncampment claimed a put of our attention, and therefore fet about fome alterition* and amendments. It wis the trunk of a tree that had fell by the Tub of the path and lay with one end tran'"- veifly over anothei. tree that had lallcn bsiore in an op- Q^ polite ^■i):':»i"i!'nif 'W' S i'' I- ■ m llv"' '.": !ifr'«« t 122 ] poftfe direction, and as it meafured iz feet in circumfer- ence and lay 4 feet froni the ground, it efforded very- good (belter except at the fides which defed I fupplied by large pieces of bar k and a good quantity of boughs which rendered it very commodious, and we llept the night under it much better than we had done the preceed- ing, noiwithft'inding there was a heavy dew and the air cold, the next morning we fet out in good fpirits hoping that day to reach the fnowy peak, but we had not gone a mile forward before the path that had hitherto fo much facilitated our progrefs hitherto began not only to take a diredion fouthward of weft but had been fo little frequent- ed as to be almoft efTaced. In this fituation we confulte4 our Indian convoy, but to no purpofe. We then advifed a- mong nurfe! ves and at length concluded to pioceed by the neareft rout without any baaten track, arid went in this manner about 4 miles further finding the w;^y even more fteep & rough than we had yet experienced, but above all impeded by fuch impenetrable thickets as would render it impuflible for us to proceed any further. We therefore abandoned our defr^n and returning in our own track reached the retreat we had improved the UH night, hav- ing been the whole day in walking only about 10 miles, and had been v«i7 aHiduous too. We found the country here as welUsat the lea lime univei filly overfpre^d with lava, and alfofaw fevcral fubter:inean excavations that h^d every appearance of pnd eruption and fire. Our Bo- tanift to day met with great fuccefs, and we had alfo Ihot a niimberofhne birds of the livelieft andm^ft varia^ated plumage thnt any of us had ever met with, b|Pl^e heard nomelody among them. Except thefe we faw no other kind of birds «xcept the Screach-Owl, neither did we fee mr kindnf quadiupede, but we cam^ht feveral cuiious inleOs. The woods here are very thick and luxuri.nt, the U{—\i trees are nearly thirty feet in the girt, and thefe with theUiiuberry underneath nnd the who'e interfered with vines renders it v«ry umbrageous. • ■'- ; 1 he t 123 1 The next day about two in the afternoon we cleared the. woods by our old rout, and by fix o'clock reached the 2ent3, having penetrated about ^4 miles and we fuppofed within II of the peak. Our Indians were extremely fa- tigued though they had no baggage, and we were well convinced that though like the Stag and the Lien they appear fit for expedition ?iml toil. yet liVe 'hofe animals ihey aie titfor neither, while the humbly Kule will per- fevere in both. According to an rsttitude of the quadrant, the Peak of Owyhee is 35 miles diftant from the furfaceof the water, and its perpendicular elevation neijrly 2 miles. The Ifland is exa£\ly 90 leagues in circumierence, is very nearly of a circular foim, and rifeson all fide«! in a mod^^rate and pretty uniform afcent from the water to the Peak, whi^h isjharp and caped as I have before obferved with ihow, which feems to be a new circumftance, and ^-mong us not altogether ac6:ounted fur. As a truth, and a Phenomenon in natural philofophy I leave it to thr world. Owyhee his every appearance in nitiire to fuppofe it once to have been a vulcano. Its height, magnitude, Ihnpe and perhaps its iituation indicate not only that, but that its ori- ginal formation wa8efFe£\ed by fucha caufe The eaftern fide of the id and is one continued bt^d of lava from the fummit to the fea^ and under thefea in 50 fathom waiter fome dift^nce from ths Ibore ; and this fide of the TlLmd utterly barren and devoid of even a fingle llnub. Put there is no traiition among the inhabitants of any fuch cir- cumftance. On thCrti ©f February one William Watman one of our quarter ,2[ftnn'=:rs died. He w^s an elderly man 4hd having been%/ith Cook in the ibip Endeavour on a former voynge was much lamented by him — he died with a flow-fever that had partly been haftened if not brou.?;hton by inteir.- pciancf. This wasrhe fccond pcifon that had died in the Refolutiofi n\ <: il'! II' ,k ' y 1 rwww i^upwji^pppp' ) m m-» J^'"- iH 3 Kftfolution; The next day be was carried on fiiore to be intered, and it fcems it was his own requcft when he found he lliould not recover, to be intered in the Morai which Cook promifcd him fhould he done. Our old friend Kikinny the prieft that anointed Cook, as foon as he heard ofWatm^n's death anticipated Cook's requeft by makeing him an offer of a place in the Morai^ and had therefore waited on lh9re to attend Watman's body to the grave. When the Pennace landed with Watman's body we ex- peOed the curiofity of the natives would have been ex- cited to come in crouds to fee it and to obferve oui con- du£\uponth« occafion — but it was quite otherwife, the people all Ihut themfelves up in their houfes, and nobody was feen but two or three men who attended Kikinny. As the circumftance of thiP mans death was an event that would be much noticed by the natives as well as the manner in which we fliould difpofe of the corps, it was de- terminf^d to render the whole matter as magnificent and iefpe£table as thefiluation of th« affair would j^ermit, tK» body was therefore inclofed in a coffin covered with co- lors and borne by the bargemen, who walked in the cen- tre. Cook and his offieets with fome of the people fol- lowed two and two according to their rank. In the frrnt at an advanced diftance preceeding a gu?ird of marines marching to the tune of a fife that played the funeral march, and with their arms reverted, when we had affcend- cd theMoR.M and reached the grave the gu^rd opened their ranks and performed the ufual evolutions on thofe occafions ; Cook and his officers re.nd prayers, and Kilin- ny and hisfqnat down upon their hams befor* them pay- jni? great attention, and were oftenlibly much afff£^ed. When we began to cover the lemiins, Kikinny (eized a little pig be had under his aim by his hinder legs, and b*aiin,.^ its head againft the (tones hove into the grave, nnd would have done the fsrr.e with one or two more hogs thpy had with them h'ld not Cook inter j^of«d, ThH<:r€- "T'' ' ' / t i*s mony over and the guard marched off, Cook cre6ed a poft with an infciiption fuitablc to the occafion. This ^lavtt yds ever after vifited by the natives, who firewed it ovet 'Mth viands and animal liefti. They feemed to pay a g eiter atiention to this mans grave than to thofe of their own people. I obferved one night a light upon the MoRAi after this affair, and as it was an unufual cir- cumftance, Iwentup upon the Morai to fee if I could know the reafon of it J when I had aiTcended I obferved I cr or 13 men litting in a circlf; round a fire. I advanced to them and uncovcied my head, not choofmg to fit dowa among them or interrupt their bufmefa, nor indeed to ftajr if I iound my company was intrufive. The company all looked at me and thenfpoke to each other: I could un- der fland fome of them : they told feme old grey-headed In- dians that I was the Kakakoa lahi, or chief warrior at the tcnts,and that I was well known in the town, ?< that Iwat a good man : that Kunneava was my friend, and that my name was Ourero(a naitiegfven me by the Indians) and that I had faved an old womnn from being drowned in the fea byexpofingmy own life,all which was true. Uponthi* cprt^fentation and more that I did but imperfc£^ly com- prf»hend, I was called by one of the old Indians to come iindiit down by him,which I complied with. I fet half an hour there, during which time they killed a pig in the manner Kikinny had done hi.«, opened it while warm and threw the eniraiif into the fire and left them to Confumc: the carcafe of the pig was thrown upon Watman's grave. When I went away I hadfeveral prefcnts of fruit made me, and the n-^xt day in confequence of my latt nodurnal vifit, had fever a Howls, a pig and other things fent me by the fame old men. It feems the fole purpofe of this alTcm* bly was to facrifice (if I may fo call it) to the manes of Wntman, and I rclg ted it to Ihew that their charity to the ^ead isconfiftent with th° real idea of thi« virtue, and br^ath^ the pureft fpirit of philanthrophy. It in anexamplc that will put fcven eights of Chriftendom to the blulh. Thofc rffli .i li !i V. i' ■■i!.;] V ■^^, 126 ] |r ^! KM mn 111 !■ •! ThoTe readers who have feen the publication of Cook's former voyages wiil meet with but iittie thit is new in many parts of my hiftory lefpeclin^ this people, there is fo ,i;eneial a conformity in th«» objects of it to ihofe at Otaheite and the tropical libaJs throu^hou^. An lnlt.:nce of it is the Mosai at tais place, the general itrudure and the ultimate derileK purfuit to enquiic from which, or at what period and by what means. The Town of Kireekskooa is about a mile and an half in length, but narrow and of an unequal breadth, and as I have before obfervcd contains about iiooheures, fome reckon 1300 including? fome detached buildinj^s. It is fituate along the (bore within a few udn of the water, and is in general very compa£^, and as the h:u- fcs in thofc places ftand fo as to create a b.eadth there arc a number of little ftreets th^it inteife£\ each oJher very happily though they do not feem to have been the effc£^s of much dtfign, and a very agreeable ?nd uncommon circumftance to be found among thefe rude fons of nature, was, that thefe little avenues were gene- rally paved. The houfes hero differ altogether fom thofe to the fouthward in their form, though not much in other rerpe£\3: They are exaOly like a tent, the frame is light and for the mort part lalhed together, ck- eept now and then where two Urge poftsinet, and there was a kind ©f a mortice, both tht fides and the ends aiie thatched with coarfe «5rafs, and fometimes palm- tree- leaves. They have but one p^ilTage which is ufed both as a door and window : The infide of the houfe is without partitions abce or below^ the ground within being hard and dry is covered with thick coarfe graft, dryed plantain and palm-tree-leaves, over which they fpread large well-wrought mats, which makes the houfe cleanly, and gives it an air of elegance anH comfrrt, and as they have no chairs, tables, beds and fuch kind of furniture there is room enough. They are of differ- ent nagnitudes, but in general they ar; between yj and 40 feet fquare ; Theie arc coooanut and other trcts intcrfpeifcd X I "9 3 J mteifperfed artificially anion^ the hr^ufe^ all over th« town, and in about the middle of it thf^e is a level couric for running and other exercifea, which is very beauti- fully Jkiited with trees frora end to end, and is 1 ppt ve- ry clean. There are alfo in difTerent places fqu^re e- levated yards for bleaching and other wife rnanuudur- ing their cloth. The Morai ftands in the north ^veii part of the town oppofite that part of the bay where our (hips lay. The Town of Kiverua wliich lies on the oppofite fide of the bay half a mile diitant is alxiat half a§ large at Kireekakooa. Both fhe towns contain about 15000 inhabitants, and we vveie told they were the latKcft town» on the iiland. Owyhee is divided into diftrids or circles, each of which u pt elided over by a chief or chiefs, who aie fubordinate 10 one, which was Kireeaboo, who holding no particular 01 local pof- feifion lived fometimes in one circle, and fonietiniC'^ in another in a kind of rotation, or as humor didated or exigencies lequiied. If I have the number ri^ht the whole ilVmd is contained in 12 circles, and according to their accounts and our own clhmation contains aimoft or quite 100,000 inhabitants. It was ditiicult for up from a iliort and imptiit£^ acqu;rint;mce with thefe people, to gain much knowjedgeof the nature ()f their govcrnuipnt, but thfi general tenourofit like their other cuftom^, thffir manners, langu.ige, drefs, pcifon.< anddifpofitionxfone.u- ly aproximate to thofe of the fouth-m tropical ifiatii'ers, ihat it ^ert.iiiijy does not dilitr much fmm theirs, thou^li 1 thi'-.K. their lawsniuch better #iduiinittered than at the Society illjndj?, cfpecially at Otitheite: thf^rc are thi<"e orders by which th«< fuperior a-e diftiniiuiilictd from th* iu- ieriot people, they are called in their lyniiua«;c the (riclt8an ''•' ^^, for two rt'fons: thofe who are in power are in ne liarigcr of corruption, and the tenures of the chiefs are revocable. This was evident to us from the inttance of Kireeaboo's eldcft fon, who, though heir apoarcnt to his father, was deprived for mifdemeanours rf his title ap.^ authority; he was indeed afterwards forgiven on account of his fin- cere repentance, and a great many virtues he poffelTed, and rettor omit nation ^ which and we earancc irlt in- !i*j cau- nnd we had from education and a difTufire obfervation o£ the woild, fo rtronc; a prejudice againtt it, that the firft inftancewefaw of if we condemned a man fully repro- bated. Our oflficeis indeed did not infult the chiefs by any means, but our foldiers and tajs to vindicate their own wonderful modefty, and at the famft time oblige the inful red women, and icconimendihemfelves to their favors became fevere arbitraiors, and themoft valcuroua defend- ers and fupporters of their own tenets. I have before e^bferved that there is a remarkable conformity in moft of the cuftoms and appearances a- mong thefe ifljnders and thofe to the fouthward. I fhiil therefore generally confine my ofefervations to thofe particulars only where there is 'my remaikablc difference. This is in fome meafure the cafe with their drefs. The people here have indeed th ^ fame fpecies of cloath they have to the fouthwaid, and it is fomewhat manufaOured like it, but it is much more variegated in the conclufive beftowment made upon it ; they have a great variety of colours here, and though rudely com- pounded they look very well at a litilq diHance. Thefe cokours they nfe profufely upon their cloath in a vari- egfited and very fanciful drapery. They wear it in the fame manner they do at the fouthward. Put exclufive of this kind of dicfs they have large c'oaks, and caps made of feathers, which are very gay; th" plumage of which they are rompofed is as livel/ and as variega- ted as can well be imnginc^d, and is procured from the numerous birds tlu't inhabit the mountains, which they catch with a glutinous matter that refembles our bird- lime, but is much better. The cloaks are mnde near- ly fquare, and are worn over the llioulders with the two upper corner! tied under the chin. The form of the cap ia a real rurioiity being the exaO model of the anrient helmet. Many of them have their hair which \% coaifc and i^rong cut into the fame form. .,^s V.Botb i.;,h 't ?. I \ ms wi * m I ).' I I ', .1 I' '■ ' ' ^ i 3 ^ i 124 1 Both the vegetable and anima! produ£tion3 of Owy- hee are like thofe of the fouthern iihnds. The animalg are the fame not only in their kind, but have that ap- proxim quiefced :incl came out of his tent to apprafe the fray io p<*rfon, and it was a pity that fomu',h ibftnefs, hu- manity m ir M'li I > 'M 'Tiff •«<»■. tn "If I". : IWiniaiVWIIfi i- i w :ii ir, ' n rM ijdi. '; [ 136 3 '. p^ nnity and goodncfs IhouM have bren fo rou)2:hly dealt ith as he was, for ihey pelted him and xhz file of men with him with ftones back to the encampment. This, however, did not provoke him to fire imonK them, and after laughingly fayinji;, they were a fet of fad rogues and were f|)oiled he retired again to his ob- fervatory. At fun-down the natives retired, and the crew got the rudder oil with the aiUftance of the guard lery eafily, '^ Inftancca of this kind though of lefs apparent im- portance had happened feveral times before thii on Ihore, but on board hardly ^ d.iy paffed :i{ter the ti ft week that did not produce Ibme petty difturbance in one 01 both of the Ihips, and they chiefly proceeded fjom thefts perpetrated by the natives in a manner lit- tle Uiort of robbery; Cook and Kireeaboo w»ie fully uiiploycd in adjuHin;;!; and compromizing thffe differ- ences, and as there was really a reciprocal difmtcreft- cd repaid between him and this tnce. The chiefs were aftonilhed not only at the in^deqiate pric^, but at the propofal and refufed him. . ,, Cook wTs as much chagrined .li* they were furpriz- 5iw approaching followed him upon the Morai to behold the fence that enclof- ed the manfionsof their noble anceiiors, and the image i of their gods torn to pieces by a handful of rude ilrans;era without the power, or at lenft without the re- folution of cpprfmg their facrilegious depredationi. When Cook had afcendcd the Morai he once more of- fered the hatchets to the chief<«. It was a very une- qual price if the honeft chiefs would have accepted of the bribe, and Cook offered it only to evade the im- putation of taking their property without payment. The chiefs again refufed it. Cook then added another hatchet and kindling into lefentment told them to take it or nothing— Kikinny, to whom the offer was made turned pale, and tremb'ed as he ftood, but ftill refufed. Cook tjiruft them into his garment that was folded round him, and left him imm»*diately to haften the execution of hii» orders. A8 for Kikinny he turned to fome of his menials and made them t.ike the hatchets out of his garment, not touching them himfclf. ^ ^ By this time a conHderable concourfe f>f the natives had affemhlcd under the walls of the Morai, where wt were heavin^j the wood down, and were very outrage- ous, and even hove the word and images back as we threw theiTi down, and I cannot think what prevented from proceeding to greater len^nhs, however it Co hap- pened that we got the wholt uito the boats, and fafcly on boatd* There was another accideht alfo tVat happened ab«^ut this tim€ on board the Difcovrry that was condu6\*d with equal impiudr^nce hy Capt. ClerVe : An Inda-in ehi«f'who hrid from our fiM> arrival been an intimate Stud ft very ufcful friend of his, hnding the ihips were *> Ficparin^ ^ » t I3» 1 ^>r P ' ; .V'. ' Jl' > i! J j^'iMI prep^irinfi; to f^il had come on board attended by tw or three cinoes to nuke him a vifit. Gierke knew the value of the man, and had r*iceived the Ilrongcft proof« not only of his honefty but of his hanor and uncom- mon attachment to his pcrfoi, and the refpeO due to him and his people, (ot this fame chief had with hia owa han'is killed one of his men in prefence of the ihip for fti iking one ofClerkc's boys: And he was c- qualJy rigid in his demands upon Gierke when any lefs abufe happened to be given by thofe of the chiefs* Gierke as ufual invited the chief below to dinner, and as the fliip's company vvere alfo below at their dinners, and no canoes alyn>5 fide but this chief's, which they never gave themfelvcs any conr:ern abnut, the deck was without a watch ,- during this recefs from duty the car- penter's mate who h^d been the foiepart of the day at work unJe: the bows came upon deck, and being anxious to finilh his work before dark took the jolly boat forward, and went to work before the hands were called. « When the people were turned up the jolly boat was miflTmg;, and nobod/ thinking where llie might be, ncg- ledrd to look further after hsr than along fide, and finding ilie was not there, the fubordin^te officers were mide acquainted with it, and foon after Gierke who came upon deck, and finding the bo^t gone gare im- mediate orders to have the canoes alona; fide feized, and the n^^tives in them brought on board, and was going to punilb them. The chief in t'ij mean time knew nothing of the matter, but hearing a noife upon deck, and the voices of his own men, came up and enquired mto the matter. Glerl<:e in a bafe fupercili- ous mrmner anfwered him thst his people had ftolen hifl boat, and thit he would punilb them for it. Th« chief was now highly incenfed, ordered hia people to , • : - . come t 139 I come to him, and fimplyr afked them if they knew any thing of oui boat, thouj,^h the manner in whirh he niked was very ftriking. The people faid they did not. This perfectly (ntifheA the chief, and turning to Gierke he pointed to his own breaft, and defired Gierke to kill him if he would think him fo bafr after all the teftinTiOnieg of honor and fiienflibip he had mnde him. Thh^ how- ever, waa anfwered only by a iUut acrofs the deck, and a couplet of genteel curfes and imprecation^!, and while the noble chief was ftanding confounded 2nd dif- mayed at his (ItuatiDn, behold the jolly boat was found fafe under the bows. We Ihall foon fee the confequence of fuch conduO. On the evening of the 5th we ftruck ouf tents, and ty^ry thing was taken on board, and it was very ma- nifeftly much to the fatisfaflion of the natives. A lit- tle after dark an old houfe that flood on a corner of the Morai took fire and burnt down; this we "uppofed was •ccafioncvi by our peoples carelclly leaving their fire near itj butitwainot the cafe, the natives burnt ifthemfelvea to fhew us the refentment they entertained towards us, on account ©four ufing it without their confent, and indeed manifeftly againl^ it. We had made a fail loft of one part of it, and an hofpital for our lick of the other, though it evidently was efteemed by the natives as holy as the reft of the Morai, and ought to have been confidered fo. by us. We had^now been 19 days in the bay Kireekakooa, in the liland of Owyhee, we had repaired oui Ihipi. had le- galtd and refrrflied our people, and had lain in a fupply of jiork that would probably fupport us 6 months ; the onl^y article we wanted in paticular was water, which was here very brackifl) and bad, In order theiefor« to procure a fupply of this neceffary article, wc determined to vifit the lj(i4nd •£ Mauwte, where we were informed by the natives we .- 'Vt' . . r,. V ,! 'i ', I. i.„'M' % I rt'tii' • 'I P UO J we might get plenty of it, and that there wa« a good harbour. On the ^th of February we unrooorcd and came to fail fkanding along the fouth fide of Owyhee, intending to vifit Mauwee and wa ter our ihips. Ojiijthe 7 th we had a hvd gale of wind, and being clofe in yvith t\\e fouthern and wefterp Ihore of Owyhee, which beipg hiRhlan- «d great fri'-ndlhip, and un "or innately overaf^ing the dif- femblance Gierke was jealous Reordered two centinels on th« gangways. TheCc men were purpofcly fcnt by ihe chief :;> .d»' - ' who ii.i ^i.,i' n l.i, 1 km y 1 1 1, .', t'; il ^ 142 ] T;ho had foToierly b'^en fo very intimate with Gierke, and afterwards fo ill treated by him with the charge of fte^ling hi« jolly boat. They came with a determination of mif- chief, andcfFe£ted it. After they were returned to the ca- Hoe all but one they pjot their paddles and every thing ready for a ftart. Thofe in the canoes obfetving the fen try to be watchful took ofT his attention by fome converfa- tion that they knew would be pleafing to him, and by this means favored the deligns of the man on board, who watching his opportunity fnatched two pair of tongs, and other iron tjols that then layclofeby the armourers at work at the forge, and mounting the gangway-raif^ with one leap threw himfelf and his goods into the canoe, that was then upon the movamenr, and taking up his padfll« *3oined the others and ftanding dire£\ly ior the (hore, they were out of our reach almott inftantaneoufly ; even be<"oie a mu/ket could be had from the armed c, eft to fire at them. The fentries had only hangers. Thit; was the boldcft ex- ploit t>iat had yet been attempted, and had a bad afpei^ with it. Chrke iir mediate ly fent to the commodor* v.ho advifed to fend a boat on ihorc to endeavor at leaft to re- gain the goods if they could not the men who took them, hut the errand was illy executed as cor.trived, and the mafter of the Difcovcry war glad to return with a fevere drubing from the very chief who had been fo male treated •byCleike* thecrewwere alfo pelted with ft«»ne« and had all their oars bioke, and they had not a finglc we^ipon in the boat not even ^ fingle cutlafs to defend themfelves. When Cook heard of thii he went armed himfelf in pcr- fon tv> the ^uardon llure, took a file of marines and went through the whole town demanding reftitution, ^nd threatening the de'inquents and iheit abettoriwi tJi the fevercft puniOiments, b'«t not being able to tffc£\ any thing, came off jult at fun-fet highly difplcafed and not a little concerned at the bad appc at ancc of things. B\it even this was nothing to what followed, > • '^ ' . -'^c on i ♦ f ,*' t M3 and ing niif- ca- ing ntrr ;rfa- dbr >^ho and rs at with that thcf them* ft ex- afpci^ vsho o re- hem, the cvere eatfd had m ii\ pcr- wcnt jnd the any not Biit Oil On the 13th at night the Difcovcry's hrgc cutter which wasxtheiufual moorings at the bower buoy was taken away. On the 14th the captains met to confult what (hould be done on this alarming ocC2iion, and the iifue of their opinions v/is that one of the two captains fttould land with armed boats and a guardof marines at Kiver a. and attempt to perfuade Kiieeaboo who was then at his houfe in that town to come on board upon a viiit, and thai when he was en board he (hould be kept prifoner until hisfub- jf£\slh(iuld releafc him by a rrftiiutionof the cutter, and if it was afterwards thous^ht proper, he or f^me of the fa- mily who might accnrapany him Ihould be k pt as perpe- tual hortages for the good behavior oi the people, during the remaining part of our continuance at Kireekakooa, and this plan was the more approved of by Cook as he hadfb /cpcatc Jly on former occafioni to the fouthward employed it with fuccefs Clerks was then in a deep decline in his health, and ioofceb'e to undertake th aff^^ir though it naturally dr- yolved upon him as a point of duty not well transferable he therefore beajed Cook to oblige him fo much as to take that part r/ the bufinefs of the driy upon himfelf in hit ftcad. This Cook agreed to, but previous to his landing made fome additional arrangements refprOing the poffible event of things, though it is certain from the appearance of the fubfequent arrangements that he guarded more a^ gainft theHight of Kiieeabooor thofe he cou!d wifli to fet than from an attack , or even much infult. The difpofl^ on of our guards when the movements be 'an weie thitii Cookinhmpennace with fix pivatemirines: a corportl ferjeant and two lieufcmntso^' maiin^s went n head, fol- lowed by the launch with other marines nnd feamen on one quarter, and the fiiiall cutter on the other with only th« u«w on boaid. This part of the guaid rowed f« Kireek.J>. mmm i "44 1 ■ » • . _ Kiieelta:l^oai; Our lar^e cutter and tWo boats froni the Difrovcr>' had orders to proceed th the mouth of the! bay format equs I dirtances acrof3,cind prevent any communi- cation by water from any orhs^ ptitofthe iflindtothc towns within the bay, o:from them without. Cook landed It Kiverua about nin*! o'clock in the Ti>fnii< with th« marines iMhe penn ice, ani w-nt by a circuitnufmarr'h to thehoufttof Kifeeab-)o in Kderto evade the fufpici >n of any dcfi^n. This rout led th-^m through a confidve ed every fymptom of mif- chief, though Cook blinJ-cl b' fome fa^al c^ufec^uld not perceive it, or tou felf-conhdeni wruld not regard it. The town wks evacuued by the wom*n and children, who had retired to the circum^djicen' hills-, and ap- peared aim »ft deftimre o men, but there were at th^t time 200 chiefs and m»'e thin twice that number of other men detached and fen e ted in diiT'r<*nt parts of the houfcs n^areil lo ICireeibv) exclufiv^e of unknown numbers without the fkirts of th:; town, <»nd thofc: that w«re fcen were drelfed m^ny of them in black. When the guird reached Ki-^eeaboo's houfe, Cook oideicd the Iteutentnt of marines to y;o in and fee if he was at hom^, and if he was to brin^ him out; the lieutenant went in and found the old mJn firing with twoor three orld women of dirtinOion, and when he gave Kir?ea- boo to underftand that Cook was without and wanted to fee him he difcovered the ^'jeuelt marks of unciali- nefs, but arofe and accompiniftd the lieutenant out, h tid- ing his hand; when he came before Cook he fqu^ted down upon his ham^ as a mark of humiliation, and Cook took him by the hand from the lieutenant, and cop* irerfcd with him. * ''\' ^ The appearance of our pitade both h\^ water nnd on (Wore, though condu£^ed with 'h* utmoft fi'ence and with a a little oftentation as pclTible^ had alarmtd th4 ♦ towni t MJ 1 ♦•■ the t)ay, uni- I the ided \ tha rhto >n of rJ^ble mif- c 'uld rdit. Idrcn, d ap- r xhit b«»r of irts of knowrt V; that When cd the Aras at itrnant : three Cir?ea- A/:inted untfali- , h .ld- qu^led d Cook d con* j»nd on ICC and utd th* towat lowns on both fides oE the bay, bat particularly Kive- rui, who were in complete order for an onfet nthe.wifc it wou d hare been a matter of furprize, that though CooV dM n )t fee ao men in pnlFing thlOU^h the town, ye' b«»fore he h «d converfed lo minutes with Kiiee- ab )o h* w^H furrounded by three or tou' hundred peo- ple. >'ni above half of thrm chiffs. Cook grew unca- iy whrn he obferved this, and was the more urgent in his refu^fions with Kireeaboo to go on board, and i^^uaify pn funded the old m^n to t^o at length, and led him within a rod or two of the flDie, but the juft fca 8 and ccnjed^ues of the chiefs at la ft inte-pofed. They held the old man b^ck, and one of the chiefs threatened Cook when he attempted to maVe them quit Kifceab ,0. Some of the croud no v cried our that Cook was goinj: to take their Una; from them and Vill him, and theje was one in particulnr thtt advanced toward.^ Cook n 3n attitude that ala-med cne of the j^uard, who p'efentedvhis bayonet and oppoi**d him: Acquainting Cook in the mean time of the danger of his fttuttion, and that the indians m a few minutes would attack him, that he h^d overheard the m:?n whom he hid juft ftopptd frrm rufhin '. in upon him fay thit our bnat« v^hich were out in the harb -ur had jult Hll^d his b'otlier, and he would be revensjf^d. Conk aire d'ld to what th».< man faid, and defired him to "-w him the Indanthat had da cd to attempt a comb ti jv'wU him. and as foon n he WIS pointed out Cook fired at hi i with a b'ank. The lnd"an perceiving he received no d mage fr )m the fire ruihed from without the croud a ferond time. . nd th-eat- ened any one that Ihould oppofe I im. C'< peiceivin^ this fired a ball, whir h enicrini? the Indiin** ^rein he fell and was drawn nfl by thrt rrft. C oV perceivini^ the |)Cop!e detcimined to op|X)re hi' dpfiCPM, ^nd that he fh:)uld not fucceod without furthei bU ard order- ed the lieutenant of uwiint-s (Mr, Fhillips) to withdr.iw - his his men ."^nd get them invo the biats, which were then laying r*^d/ to receive them. This wis (tfe£\ed by the ferjeint, but the inftant they began to retreat G)ok wai hit with a rtone, and peiceivine; the mm who hove, fhot him de^id : The otficer m the boats percciv- ine; the guaid retreating, and hearing this third dif- charvf blnf;d , and excelTue aOion. he plunged into tht* lea with hii fword in his hand and Cwam to the boats, where howver he was fcarcely taken on bonrd before fomeb vjy f.i w one of the matlnes that ha4 fwam from th" Di .'C laying Hat upon the bottom. FIuJlip5f h-aring this run aft, th:«w himfelt* in after him and brou.'hf him up with him t» the furface oi the water an4 koth were taken in. ' *.-,♦• . The V # -. I HI ] ■ ■ . The bont« hide gieat havoc among thelndims, paticularly amon^ the chiei's who ftood iore- moft in the crowd and weie moft expoled, but whe;her from their bravery ot ignorance of the le^l caufe that depiived fo many of them of life, ihey mride fuch a ftnnd, may be qui^ftioned fince it is ceitain that they in general if not univc- Tally undeiHoo< in their language when he iVwcd it to the by-ftanders. thnt there was no fiie h, d touched it. This may be fuppofed at leaft to have h.id frn.e intluence. It is however ce-tain whether from one or both thofe cau<''^8 that the ntmberw who fell ir^de no appaient im- prelTionon thofe who (urvi\ed, they were iniiiiediately taken off and hnd their places fu}^plied in a conttant de- tei mined fucceiFion. Lieutenant Gore who corrmanded as fir ft lieutenant un- dsrCool-: m the Kffolution, which layoppfiie the place where this attack Wi sm-.de, perceiving with hisglnfs that the guard on fhore was cut off, ;tnd th.itCool had »'ell, im- mediately paiTeda fpring up.n one of the cables, nnd biiniing the ihii's liar board guns to bear, rind tired two round lh)t ov^r the b^ ts int.) the middle of the crou^ and both the thunder of the oinnon and the elfedsof thr Ih^t opi)crated fo powe-tfullv, that it produced a mr»ft preofpi- tate rctif.it fiom the Ihore to the town. This was don« that the boats might land and ferure (,ur dead. Bqf th« lin it, and demand- ed iminedi'te potfdicn: As f on, ihe e;Oie, as thf peo- ple we»e .efielhi^d ^^*\h iome ,i;rog and reinfricefi tley were ordeied thither. In the mem time the ma ii,e who had been taken up by Mr. Phillips difcove fdi*i» turning life rnd f^emeJ in a way to recover, an<^ / e found Mr. Phillips's wound not dingeious, ♦ho-io;' c- Ty htd. We alfo oblerved at Kiverua that u d were drawn of by the Indians, whifh was h p '•')'.Mij fight, but after the boats wero gone ihey t'i v r. j iti of our c'<;pnon, which were firi):g at then. it;^« .-♦.• ua* nutes, but tKey had no fooner elFeOed thii i» i e hin they retired to the hills to avoid rur flnt. 1 lie ex- pedition to Kiverua hnd taken up i!b'>ui an h ui : nd an half, and we lott bcfides Cook a coipoiai and tinee marines.' ' ' -*■ Notwithft^ndinflj the difp^trh that wa« uffd in tfii^^ ing a foiccto Kireekakoa, the fmall party there were nl- re^dy attacked before thtir arrival, but by an excel I'^nt mancBvr* e ea- \hcir Ian'- lieu- ine of ,e out )9 the e Cur- ^i the ntion, in.mf- tents r^freat to our boati we em- braced ii )nd got off all well. Ou- mafl was taken on v the booms and rep'ired there though to difadvantagc. ' About twooVlnck C.tpt. Gierke came on board to take Couimnd of the Refolution, and the fame d.'iy Mr. John Gore who hnd been Ccok's fiift lieutenrnt, and next in - command at Cook *» death, went on board toutake command •f the Difcoveiy. About four o'clock Clf^iVe fent three •V"»at we'j m?ni ed and armed to Kiverua with orders to demand the bodies of our dead, and if lefufed to return without doing any thing to obtain thfro by force. Mr, King whowHsiif w £. U lieutenant in the Refalwtion took the command in the Pcnnace currying a white j^ck iu iKt ftern i the boa Is io Oied in a line within ttones throw of th« Ihore where they remained about a quauer ol an hour ron* reirio^ with the inhittitanti, who upon Teeing u« approach %>: >'' "nnp kti^'h had af^mbled^j^iin, ^s numerous sind as well appointed as ever; nothing nn^teri«l'h-ippen«»d during this puHry : we dennnded ihe bodies, and they rcfufed them, or what was I b d, they ridiculed us, ind when we moved to re- turn hove ft' nf«atu8, (hewed us Cook's hanyjei all bloody, his hnt and the deaths of the other dead. . The people in the boats who fuppofed they wereeo- ing to attack them aajain were much difappointe.d. and at theii return vsnted their compljinis, wnd lomewhat more than 'iked tc be revenged upon their favage infult- ing foes; but they would hav^e taken perhaps ^in undue advantage had they *Jttacked them frcni the boats, e en fuppol.nfi: them toha\e had the fMirert claim to juftice, in a profecution of the broil, for they we e eniiiejy fecurti even fri m bein? W()und<»d in the conteft, ;ind in f:»£t it would ha\e looked roc much liVe fporting with the lives of men, and turning w-ir whiCh is or ought lobe one of the ni' ft fcrious circumftinces in life into a cruel farce, not t« fay any thing woife; beftdenhere really at that time whs noncceflfity for it, for the bodies were gone we did not know where, andh^dwe again ftrewed the (hort with their dead, wenever Ihould have obtained the bodys un*- lefswebad landed and took them. After dark the fen- tiies upon the gyngwriysCw a can^^ pproaching thefhip in a very iilent and hall/ mann^^r, and when Ihe got within cM the offirer of the deck ' ailed her, but the In- dians returning no anfwer the fent y fired at her, and Ihot one of the Indians through the le<, upon which he bawN ed out tutee tutee, that is Cook. Cl«rke was acquainted with the matter nnd cam« upon deck and ordered her a- lon^fidcand the Indians on boaid: ther« were only three of them, and and one had Cook's hat on his headwhirhhe gaveusto undciftand he had brought at thp hazard of his, life: the manthat was mounded was t^Ven to the furgeon and hdd his wound dicffcd. Kut we were extitmcly af^ ^.Jt fcdcd t '5» felted and difgufted when the other indian produced fiom a bundie he hi^d under his area a paitof Cook's thigh wrapped up in clean clnth which hefaid he faw himfelf cut from the bone in the m^^nRer we fsw it, amd when we •nquiieu what had become of the rftin'unine part of him, he Knaihed his teeth anclfiid it wast-, be eaten thit night. As f<"on HS the wound of the fndiijn that waslhot was dreffed, they departed with a prrmife if thev^ could t# bring the remain er of Cook's bnd/the next night. The profpeft of recovering Cook's body though bv pieces afforded fome f']ti,Hia£\ion. and we therefore ful pended the further profecutir.n of bufinefson (hire for the next day. In the evening about the fame time he appear- ed before, we faw the fime Indian with other paits of Cook*8 body, to wit, the upper part of his he id and both kis hands, which he fa id he had been at infinite p,iins to procure, and that the other parts could not be obtained tfpecialy t he Heih which was moftly eat up: fhe he-id wasfcalped and ali the brninstaVen out: the hinds were Ifeorcd and falted : the.fe fras/ments of the bidy of :he un- fortunate Cook we e put into a b x anc^ "rc.e -d in hopes of getting more of them: the Indians w ; broui^hi them were well fatisfied with prefent^, rind ieturnedag.nn to the ih>re the fame ni^ht, and though they alTu-ed us they could not procure anv moie of thofe remain*: we yet waited another day but faw no more of the Indian. ' On the 17th the Uifcovery having; the leaft drauglit of water was ordered to remove asne.rthe watering/ p! -ce a ilible: moore, nnd with a fprin^biliig hei b:oad- fi« to bear upon it, in ')id'^r to p otec^ the wateiin/ pnr- tie^in cafeof infult. As foon as this was dun'=? the boats with a fmall party landed, and m-ide out togetolFone turn #f water but no more : the naiiv.es had aifembled tooppofe them behind the houfcs and th-r ftsne walls, from whence I . .■ i\ . .. .-• they ^•: >.;«,.- '.& i"i I'l. -»W» U9 1 they dlfchit^ed whdle clouds of <^ri^.«, and b*in'» in fom« places within to yards of or p*^ple, wounded fever a 1 of them very badly : and at lent^th they be^an to come out Upon the beach upon which ai fide of atta k : j^o to fea wirhout w?ter we could not, and as vve made nodoubt that our endeavors at any of the other flrid^ who h.id ht^a d of our fituation, would be attended with the fame difficulties, we were determined to try the conteft here where the broil firft originated. On the i^^h we took all the force we could fpare from both ihips and landed at ei^ht in the morning* We were attacked again in the fame mann^j thefmall party had been ycfterday, upon which we formed fuch of our feamen as were moft expert at fm^ll a'ms in- to two divifiona in conjunfti'^n with the marines amount- ing to about twenry-five each divifion : 0( fume of the •ther feamen we compofed two fcoutins; parties armed withpiftols, cutl'iffes, hnnd ^rvn^des and torches: The waterers had arms and were to at\ aa occafion required. Our firft manoeuvre w^s to draw them from among the Hdufes on to the beach by ftratai/em and expofe them to the fire of the (hip as well as ours; but ^ailing in this we joined the two dLvifions and advanced through an avenue that led dire£*ly into this part of the town in a folid colunii : The natives feeing this flung them- felvcs into it to oppofe our progiefs and attacVcd us at elofe quarters with their fliort fpears, daggers and ftones, but they foon gave way when the front of the column i^rclTed upon them with their bav«anets and retired to fome *t^ t ^S3 1 jr" fotne houfes abnut tfn rods off where they again ral- lied: During this little attack we had fe vera 1 wound- ed, but none killed; the Indian? took off the mott o£ their killed, which w*re near a hundred: In the mean while our fcouting parties improving the opportunity had circumvented that part of the town neareft the. watering place and had juft fet fire to it, and joining us we retreated to the beach pret«ndedly in ,e;r9at difjrder, and the natives fesing their town in finme.* and fup- pofing we were going off followed us to the water where we again attacked them, and the Ihip improv- ing the opportunity made fuch ufe of her cannon that they foon again run and were purfued many of them into the flimes of their own houfes, where if they were not inftantly killed they were burnt to death. The fire had now fpread univerfally, and the houfes confift- ing of light dry materials, burnt with fuch rapidity that ' in half an houreveryonc north-welt of the Moral was le- veled, and had this part not been detached from the fourh- eaft part, the whole town of Kiieekakoo'! confining of above a thoufand houfes, would have bsen deftroyed : thus ended this day\s bufinefs. On the i8th we agiin landed for water, and ns that part of the town was burnt from whence only we hid been anmyed before : we thought ouifelves fecure ; but we were mift iken, the natives had now aiTembled upon • the top of a fleep hill above tiie watering place, and roll- ed dawn large rocks upon us: and fonie of them came down to a houfe thu flood near the bottom of the hill, where theymennt to continue until wefhouid en-.bark and s then attack us: but as ihe way to this houfe was obfcured • by rocks and broken walls, andTivored an approach; ns. f many of our i.icn as cculd wiihout danger of difcnvery crept up to it : cam'=' by furor i/e upon thoff^ within it and after a finri rt d i fpu t ^i k i 1 i cu p very on« of t hrm ; a nd cut- »*«i .ingofrtvvoj)f the hewds of the natives, lixcd them on ^ U • i 'I u I wmmm i I ^*^"^a m r H t 15 4 ] j)ol«ar»f] cxpofed tkem to the viewofthofe on the hillj . one of our men was wounded in the Ikirniilli, and wc had two of our water ca/ks ftove by the locks, but rt ill for lu- natCiy no lives were loft. On the I pth we 9.c;ain landed, and a large body of the native? h^d very unwifely affembled on the Morai to at- tack us : which the Difcovery obferving, difchargcd a b:o4dlide of her cannon into the midft of them, which de- ftroyed many of them and difpcrfed the reft : after this we weie unmolefted. On the 2oth we again bmded, and were entirely unmo- lefted, though great numbers of the natives were ftili on the hiii. In the afternoon we fa w a number of white fiags difplayed on pole.s ftuck up both on the hill and on the Morai, and on the tops of the houfes inthe S. E. part of the town, and before vye went cfT a number of boys and ^irls preceeded by a pricft came down the hill with little whi^e flags and gieen branches, and bringing at the fame time fome prefents of fruit and provifions : after thefe arrived, others came from the town in the fame man- n<»r, and b ou ht a number of hogs, and bread-fruit enough tofupply the lhips.for two or three days, which was now highljtKacCftptable : 'neverthelefs we did not accept of it until a boat was fent to the Ihips to know tlie pleafure of the commanders : we foon after heard a cannon from the commodore, and fnw white colours difplayed, which we need not to have infoimed the natives was a declaration of peace, for they immediately concluded it to be fo, and fofwe of ih«m ventured on board with us. This however on the part of the n•^tivt^s was only a tran- fient overture: a lineiTe their betters Hiake ufe of as well as th emfclves. a nd are on that account in no d*inger of be- ing deceived by too much failh in public ticatics. ^ •..■,,■>•■* ^■ ,f ••, Ob .-?•' ■k,; ' ■.* X. ■ , T" IJS ] J* Oil On the 2 ift having compleated the water of both ftiips and got the Refolution's maft up and ligged, we got every thing ready for fea. On the 2 2d finding we were not vifited by the natives, and that their deciaratiens of amity were inlincere, we umnoored and in the evening gotunder way, with a li^ht breeze ofFthe land, and as we left the bay we funk the box tha (contained the fmall remii ins of Cook's body in that Ocean where he had acquired his he for, and in that fpot where his exploits terminated: a falutc with the cannon was made as ufiial on fuch ocrafions. Our water onboard being brd; after we had pa (Ird the Ifland Mauwee wtcame to off the Iflnnd Wagadoo, in hopes of meeting with better, but being difappointed, On the 24th we again came to fail, and palling the TQand Nchun and two other fmalltr illands, On the 25th we anchored in the fame road-ftead cff the iflands of Attowai, wher« we had before been in Fe- brutjry, 177?, and which was the fiift of ihe^e iflnnds that '^ we difcoveredon our tiift expedition to the northward. ' A** ther* was 1 line rivulet of water ber«, wcweredetcr- inined if poifible to empty all the waiter we l|ad got nt Owyhee, and replace it with this: but it was hrf^ necef- farv to kno'.v ?f this was pra>S\ic^ible : we had great reafon * to fuppof* it wa^not, for we had not only more wild un- (iviliz^.d men to deal with, but an injured and exifpe- rared people: nay more, a people who had heard of our - tranfaOions at Owyhee, and knew vis to be no more than jncn liVe themfelves, and therefore no longer in dread of a)»: we h.id alfo a tour tirrt vifjt here fpread the vcn^ieal difeaf^i among ihsm, which h:id Unco made the moft fliock- '• ing tava'^^e? : thou*j;h in juftice to Cook 1 muft oblr.ive that 'the cauies which produced it was fuch as he would haivi^ , . _ .^' -li puui.th.d '>v.^ K. "^i *'!<^ V [ 156 J jpujiilhi^d in vhc fcveref^ manner had he known it, as all <;oinmunicatkn between oui people ?nd thof; were when we were here in 177 4 ftri£\ly prohibited by him. The only hopes then vhst we had of beini< able to land ?nd water here, were either thole that originated from be- ftowing ?:reat prefents on all the chielsat leart : andthofe of mere force, or perhaps a little of each, which indeed was the,,cafe. V/e were on lliore three fucceflTive d^ys wit!i all the force we could fpare froir the fliips, but h-d not the chiefs exerted themf elves n ♦he moft ftrenL:< ts manner in our favor, they certainly would have attacked us, thou;>,h they ftill (l^od awed whei they fa w our little intrepid handfull ; and fo far our foice wasof fervice to u^: and it was bell not put to a furthci j»oof, for there were more than 15000 of the natives round us every day, and above half that nu^nbei fighting men. On the 2^th we had the pleafure to finifli our wa- trjing bufmefs: And as goin>5 '^n ll''^rc to Trade for pro- V ifions would by no means do we remained on board, and though the natives did not crjie off to us with fhat plenty th-'v ufcd to do, y^t we found it worth cur V. hilc to continue here feveral duys, Cr On the 4th of March wea;».iin cunio to fail, and The fame day anchoie.d at the Illmd v)f Nchv)w, from which ^vc took cut departure on our tiift palTige to the north- ward in tebiuaiy, 1778. The grcntcft psrt ^i rhe pioducc cf thi« ift.-ncL '.9 V?m^, ^"'1 ^* procured at thii viiit as well as M ♦V.e former about two months lupply • We did not hrwe- yfA at this time as we aid before, but fcnt our K..:ts to the (boic which wc found anfwcrcd uiuch better pur- * polsi "•p^ r We- lti to The t ^S7 1 J* The whole group called Sandwich-Iflands, mail e Ten in number, they lay in a fouth-eafteriy and north-wc- fterly dircftion. Owyhee to th* S. E. lies in lat. 19, 28. north, and longit. 203. eaft, and Nchow to the north-weft lica in lat. 21. 49. north, and longit. 198. 39. caft. Owyhee, Mauwee, Nehun, Wagadoo, Attowai and Nehow are alllarKC ifland» from 90 to 30 ler. gucs in circumference, and thick inhabited. In my accounts of the principal one which i« Owy hee 1 have been fo pirticular as to exclude the pro- priety of adding a diftin£^ and feparate account of the reft; but aa we are now forever to take our loava of them, and quit ihe remoter parts of the Pacific-Ocean it will be natural at le^ift if not requifitc to make foine reflections on that multitude of illanda and immenfe number of people, who inhabit thrm thrcughout thii extended and almoft boundlefj world of watcrg. The illanda are a kind of curiofity themfelves; in point of iliuation and formation: But this refpeOs a very learn- ed fubic£\ ; or rather a fpeciilativp curiofity, and i« fo- reign from the more immediate objects of our difcnve* ries. U is a fubjeft only Ht for a philofopher; md he muft be a very good cne too. But I am no philofopher : However as a travellci and a frien 1 to mankind I ihall moft freely relate ;iny matter of curious fa£> to be im- proved by thf»m. It is a fiii'\ that every ifland we vi- ftted in the Paciiic-Ocean is more or lefs oveifpread with lava, marked wiih filfures, excavations and every indication of fubterrancous tire : Many of thrm Ihew indubitable proofs that th^y have partook of fome et- trar-rdinary ftruggle in nature fufficient either to "ituation. or to ha prefen deftroyed them if their original forms had been what they axe now /'• Wh«i Mi^; ; ,!" t' ^11'] J p 91 J-: »i. t i;« ] When, «r in what manner thefe events took place in n:!)tuT« I leave to the ingenious: But as we n'-ver cou'd obtaipi any intelligence of the prcfcnt inhabitants of riny fuch occurrences we cannot fuppofe it of any laie date. Kut had thofc people inluibited thrm originally, either antecedent to the univcrfal delu:5e, or fubfequpnt to that pciiod, and prior to the evrntual ccn\uificns juft mentioned, and it h/>d been poflTible for them to have exirted they would hive remembered fuch remaik^b,e tventf: And a^^in Tup pofin.ii^ the delude not to hive been iini^erfil, and thofe extraordinary changes never to have taken place in the minncr already fuppofed, but by a lefi violent ind a frequent furcefTnn of convuliive al- teration?, yet th« lealt of fuch ap^)earance,s, efpeci>illy- amonR them wou'd have been noticed let us fuppofe them to have inhabited thefe iflnnds at sny period v^hat- ever: But they know nothinv; of any fuch changei or any thing of the lenft of thofc ciiufes which have be- yond all doubt exifted here, and in f-^me^ inftances ac- cording to appearance of the lava and other calcinated matter from very late eruptions : And thrfe confide ra- tionMlo notcniy rerpe£\ the illand, but its inhabitants. It arftu*8 that if they were created and exited here independant of ;in antecedent deiivntion from the reft of mankind, th;birant$of them were derived from one ccmmon origin, and the cn'y difficul- ty that rem'<«iiicd was to fix that ccnunon oii^in, the |?ariicular country and people. It is certainly very remarkable if the inhabitinti of thcfc iiles did cmi;^rate from the fame fet of men : The fame niti^n, tribe, horde or feO .• And theie ait the iirongeft reafons to think fo let the local fituarion of their anceftors be wheie it might; That muft 7ive way JO that univeifal fimilJii'y of ?>ppeaiancei that fup- poits the prior frnrimfnt. [^ut as providence when we art able to invefti^ate its proCitdin;8 e/er ac\« uni- formly, and fo oiden events as t^ correfpnnd with the oaufei whi'.h produce them, we are n >t to difcredit an extr*»oidiniry faO, thnuv^h we cannot imnicdiatf ly Comprehend it, and in endeavorins^ to account for it we are to jud^c accdiding tp iht gtntral operitior of ihingf I be iicvi > » mu. \ "'^ [ x6o ] I believe it will be thought too curious to fuppofe that the.aborigines of thofe iiicd individually confidered emigrated from cither of the continents : But taking the iflinds collectively, and fuppofing them originally peo- pled from one of the continents is very natural and ra- tional. The cafe thus lituated reduces the enquiry to two queftionii From which of the conanents America or Afia did the inhabitants of thefe iflaads immediate- ly emigrate, and what illand or iflands did they firft emigrate to? The New-Zea landers fay their anceftors came from an ifland called Hawyjec: Now Owyhee as we have carelefsly pronounced it is pronounced hy its inhabit- ant! Hawyhee. This is a curious circumftance, and ad- mitt of « prcfumption thj4t the Iflnnd Owyhee or Ha- wyhee is the ifland from which the New-Zcalanders originally emigrated : It fuperceeds anoloip;ed Umi Owyhee, anH iuppofe ii to b? the fiirt ill ind fettled, the fecond mvi ultimate quefiion is from which of the coniin-nts — Ameri a or Alii ? Its fitui ion ic^pe^in^ Ameiica, andthetiade winds, ftrong- \y inic' from that '"^ntinent, for it is twice the diftance from Afi I thut it iv fiom America j and a Ihip, fitrcdfor tl e purpofeatChin?. which is in a parallel la tit .de,wculd be more than two monrhjj in reaching it, and vvemuft fup- I'ofe the emigrations that refpe£\ thefe people to have been merely fortuitous: Cut a c^noe drove by ft.ef«* of wea- ther from the fout} em part of California, or the couil of New-Galici?i, the nppolV^ pntallel would reach Ovi-y- hee in a di;e6\ cnurfe in hslf the time or lef^ : The diftance is about 900 Icfi^'ues, and we fsw people at the lllmd Mana;an)0'.iiooa, who hnd been driven from Otaheite there,- which is 500 leagues. But if we fuppofe Owyh^'e peopled from South-Ame- tica, we fli^ll be fomewhat difappointed in fupportin^ the conj-'-diiie by ar-^^um^'nts that ref|.)eO their irnnners and cufloms, and thoe of the Califo nians, Mexicans, Peruvians, or Chilinefe: There is bur i laint ,Tn.?l')p;y compncd with that which welh uld lind on the (outh- eallcrn co.ilts of Afi « in thefe icfpe^V?. Let ui (hen withoat attending to the f«rw an:}loj;ical cuftoms that UMWi between the 0\^yh-eans and the .South-\n ei- cans r<*ve.fc rnr f/HeiT^ of en i'^ration : .Supi'ofe the iO- h.ibitanfs of .S«n^J and the Friendly llV s, but an exa£\ Conformity between the doinellic anininl*-, an;etab!es. The i emote iflands have no watfci-mclons, izuavaj} and fuch other CiUiit. , ThclV y»r t I ^3 ] Th cfe chfcrvations will materially^ f'Ptly to the circtm- ftai cescf tn.igiaticn. A carce in p^lTing along its own court, or villtirg ri neighbcuiing 11 nd ^^cuicl t.:l. At this time we were in w.^nt of many European aiticles ih^!t refpeOcd not only the comfcr t of our perfonv but th« f.ifety of thp? ihips: We had yet an immenfe tr^^^ of oce;'n to tiaverfe, and re-cxplore, Jind after that was iiniOif d if we were fo fortunate as to efcape the dangers that thofe who beft knew them, th< mott ftronki;!/ aniicipated j other circiim- rtdnces fubfequ<«nt to thefc cur beft wiflies would ftiJl add to our fmb^rralTmcnts, and if we were not drown- c4.ihauld be Itaived to death without iome kind 01 if-' . liff* ihi ; * m I 1^4 1 lief. We were befides n'moft n^ked for want of cloth- ing of ail kinds, pHrtiCu.d.iy ihoes, foi tliere was not ;i new pair in either iii'p. Indeed it was a certain truth, thnu's;h not revcfiled lo the people, that iliouid we nic<^t with no recruit of bread, and perf«vere in our pro- pofed fecond attempt in the exploration of a North- Weft PwfTage ; wemuft have been necefliated to reduce our pit- tance of bre<)d or hour, wbich was now at half allowance to a ftill fmaher quantity, and peihaps too fmnll. be- fore ^e could pcflibly reach «iny port wheic we could be fur« of a fupply. Thefe confidcr^tions then indiiccd us to bend our courfe towards Kamchatka, though in f<^d we hid litile encou- ragement to cxpe£\ relief when we lliou.d get there. I lliall not detain my rerders with a dull detail of immaterial incident.i while at fea on this paifaj^e, and only fimply obfeive that it was rendered exfemely Uymi^ and fe^ere not only from the fudcien chr^nge of cHmate in le;: By him we were in^'ormed of feveral paiticulart that gave u< murh fatisfaOion, and nothmg more fo than the pro- bability there wa« of getting fome fuppliet from the commander in chief, who refided at a fcttlement cal- led tiolchniretikoi or Bolcharecka iituate about 50 Eng- lifli miles back in the country towards the Sea Ochotfk; And at the forjcant w^s going to fend off an immedi- ate exprefs to this gentleman to acquaint him of our aiijvali it waa thought piopci to wiitc him hy the fame opportunity i :!l'i r & i.' ^ 'Si!' H [ 166 ] opportunity, and as he was a German by birth and e- duc3tionwe fent the letter in that lan2:uage. The cou- rier with thefe difp.itches wa,s drawn by a fledge with 10 or 12 dogs, and retu ned again with the Gover- norVs fe-retary, and a letter to Ca pt. Cleike compli- menting him o^n his arrival, and tendering his bell fer- vices whenera^he was made more fully acquainted with the fuppliea, and added that after th?)t he would do himfelf the honor to wait upon him in perfon. As it was difficult to trnnfmit fo perfeO an account of fuch articles as we wanted by letter as if fome one who well unde ftood the bufinefs could do in peifon, and for 0- ther reafons added to thefe, Captain Gore (as Capt;iin ClerVe was very ill) determined to wait on the Go- veinor himfe f, and to make th« vfit more agieeable as well as more refpec^nble lieutenant King who fpoke the French and Mr. Webber thei&aughtfman, who fpoke the Germ^jn languages accomj^^ed him, taking the Governor's feci«tary with them. In the mean time as the ' e broke fron^the fliores we birthed the Ihips nearer in, and bcgaWlp water and wood: We* alfo ftripp^.d the Pvefo!utioM^\.bows, and made other neceifary repairs and equipmcnt^.^.^ On the 5th of Mjy feveral Ruffian andjPolifli traders in fur came to our fliips frcm Bolchareckty^d. brought iet->. teis to Capt. Gierke from Capt. Gore,^lto had fafe ar- rived at that pl^ with his fuit. Thefe traders belonged to others itidiffer^'wPj^ts of Sibeiia, and were a c mpnny coremiiwwied to tT^BtJbr furs, for which privilcdge they p^id the Ea|orefs fo , annually. They puichnC^ the moft of our fuP, for whicfT^' tno they Rave what we then thought a great price, but whett'y we afterwards vili ted China we found ourmiftaker They'V gave us for the glutton-Zkinscach 60 ru^ mijtaKi ivUli^hich ar« -^ .•«. i «*r y* • I Xf7 3 *) w nearly e^ual to Spanifli dollars: For beaver-lkins about 15 rubles each upon an average. On the 23d our gentlemen returned from Bolcha- recka with the Governor, who was a Major in the RuflTi n army, an agreeable fenfible well bred mm. He was fa- luted with eleven guns, and other marks of refpe£\ from both fhips at his arrival, and when he went away had ma- ny very valuable prefents made him. On the J; 5th theGovernor left us,with packets both pub- lic and private, which he undertook to tranfn.it to Ge^t- Britain,acrcC8 the continent by the wny of Peteifburgh: Thin we found afterwards to be honorably executed. The fup plies we received here were 20 head of poor cattle , 400 weight of tobacco, tar, cordage and cinvaf^, and particularly about 9000 weight of rye-meal which was all they had : This rye-meal ws afterwaids mixe(< with uur Hour, and ferveditout inequal portions. The Bay Awatika i? large and cappcious, being gene- rally 6 and 7 leagues broad : on xho fouth IrJe theie is a fettlement called Paratnnka, containin.^ a few houfes,and a church with aGreekprieft. On the N. W. fide is fitu- ate the village oppofiie which we lay, called Peter and Paul from two lofty mountains behind it, which they have diftinguilhed by thofe nnmes ; it contains about 30 huts, fome of which are built with logs, as we do in our new Anicrican fettlements, andotheis aveereOedon polls about 1 4 feet from the jjiound, confi fling of a nia:ht fra me of a co- nical form and a tPt^ch. Befides the Uiilli ms who inha- bit it, there are fome^^^ abo'i^;ines of the country, who are civilized, and occafiorPWly buar arms : Mut are gene- raHjf employrd in hunting or filhing. The nntive^-? o{ fnmeW tolerab 'ill' rill! J ri, 'Am ti < t 1^8 i only of them but of any people I ^vet fiw: Thfy ar<^ of § ^iminurive fize, narrow torehe^ds, high chcef-honej iin^U eyei funk info their heurce. Among their fiih they have plenty of good ftlm^n, which they pref-rvc by drying them, dnd thisluims the principle part of iheir winters provifions. The face of the country is high and mountainous, snd thick covered with well grown woods, which chiefly con- dlU of biiCh, pine and beach, and the internal parts of it ib-und^ wirh a variety of wild animals, among which is the Baifran or wild iheep : This is a large, ftately, formi- dable animal in its original ftate, and very unlike the lirtle delicatt timid animal thatexifts in our flocks and folds of that name. As the inhabitants have no horfes, they make life of a number of midling fized dogs? And as they tra- vel m^ftlv in winter, they uCe them moftly for that purpofe in light ll'di'Ci, with which they travel 4001 50 miles aday very comtortably. We faw at this place fevcral ejentlem'^n who had been exiled hither frtm the court of Ruflia, particularly a cer* tiii? C 1^9 ] tain Coimt, wfio it is (aid had carried his amours with her impeiial M^ijefty fof^r, thattu conceal the matter it wat necelTiry her gallant Ihould fpend the reminder of his days in the forefts of '*^iberia— hunt for hiso^n fubfiftHncc, and excliifively produce annually fomiich fur tohismiftiefs at a tribute to her generofity and goodneis. On the tcith of June havin;^ rfcceivedour fupplleson l)oard, replied our (hips, Wooded and watered, we un^ mooted and waited a wind. w*t)n the 1 3th frndihg no wind, towed to the mouth of the •/tay and came to. On the i4th it was calm all day, and in the afternoon We had a flight ihock of an eanhqUike. Ori the 1 5 th it continued calm until rtoon when it cloud* cd up and bicame very black and dark : the two taountaint Perer and Paul were covered with the atmofphere near hi If way from their fummitsdown, and at two o'clock we had dgain a fmiUlhockof an earthquake, and heard a hollow rumblint; noife in the air, and the ntmofphere con- tinuing to condenfe, it becathe almoft a* dark as night, and the face of hcrivcn looked very wild t we fingled theftops of the iheet-anchor and ealied the ihip aloft at all thcfe portentous appearances. F^tween three and four the mount »in Paul exploded wifh a tremendous (hock that convulfed every thincc around us: The ;eport that attend* cd the explofion w;<« very loud at firft. but gradually de* creafed until it lubfir'ed to a fvuhdlike that of fc^iumb diftant thunder: Ab.->ut hilf after four it be,-;in to thun- der, and the air bein^ furchir^ed with eleO ical matter, perhaps from the mountain, the a m Tpheie w;if one con- tinuedlheet of flame: We put our eleOncal chainstothe maft-head, Sfon after it begnn to thunder the-e fell iitowsr^ of (iniill fragments of lava about tha fiz^ of i ^*^ * ' X -'>:^''>valnuti >t P f't [ 170 1 i4 \ I ■'*•-. walnut: This was fucceeded by (bowers of mud, and hy five thtre followed a fillof diy, white, fine alhfs, which pioduced a very ftiona; fulphureous fmcll : Ou-- (hip was covered with mud and afli^s, which lay feveral inches thick on our deck*. About eij2;ht in the evening tht commotion had pretty well fuhfided, but the mountains were (lill covered with a thick cloud and continued to barn. By a mathematical meHfuration we were 20 miles in an horizontal diie^tion from the fummit of the moun- tain Paul. On thei^tliwc hid a fair and e.afy wefterly breeze which Ihii u we continued to Oecr E. N. E. faw a whale, two fcils and a nunbcr of fei-lion^. . ^ On ♦he Qzd we (\ood to the north-c;i(t, and ff eirip: a c hange in rhe colour of the water, we fomdcd, but found t 171 ] lound no ground in 100 fathom. We continued the fame courfe till the 25th, when we were inllai. S9 cleg. 9 min.and Ung. 168 deg, 30 mill. E. On the 26th we changed our courfe E.N. K. and find- ing the (ea covered with gulls and ihags, we founded but found no ground at 120 fathom. On the 27th we ftood F. h;ilf N. and found ourfelves by obfervation in lat. 5 9deg. jf inin. long* 17a E. Wc c hanged our courfe, and ftood N. N. W. On the 08th, early in the morning, we came in fi^ht of land, very hi^h and co\eied with fnow, the extrem.e point of which boic N. E. diftance about 6 leagues. We Continued our courfe along Ihoie, with regular founi- ingfl at about 54 failiom, free fr( m reefs, and a very boldfl»ore. We lieeied this courfe till The 3Cth, at noon, when we were in lat. ^z deg, I min. , . On the iftof July, the weather began to grow hazf, wiih thick fog?, We itiii kept coafting oa till The 3d in the morning, when the fogs left us and it b'vgan to rain. At ten in the morning, faw a very high point ni land, bearing Irom \i» N. N.E. diftance about 7 leagues. We hauled upon ;i wind, ^^odHoodK. N. E. till two in the aft.irnoon, when we pafTcd a fninll iiiand, called by the Ruiri.ntHt. Nicbolasi in fmie p.irts very high and covered with Low. Lat. 63. deg. 45 miq, long. tS;. On the 4th at one in the morning, w* b<:>re away N. halfE. and ab' ai noon^ the next i\.\Y^ fav; laud from W. to N. H. i^in 4ang hkc two illmdi. At 4 o'clock w* u !^ k, Ii^l'' I I7J J n i',' < t '■» k fa . » A >ml«d up to W, N. W« being near land, anci founding fxom 2^ to 29 fathom. On the ^ih w« continued coafting from N. half W. to N. hjlf E. with the land to the weftwaid high and fnowy, Lat. 67 deg. 10 m in. long. Dt/E. On the 7th faw ice in a largt bod^ to the eaftward, diftance about 2 or 3 le-jgucfi, and about noon p^-lled fe- veral large fieidt of ice, We tacked and ftood N. W. by W. wiih a ftiffgale and heavy fnow. On the 8th fell in with the ice ag;Mhole day. In this hoitid fituation, we handed all nur fails, unbent our fore- top- fail, and moored Ihip with both our ice-anchors, one to each bow. We now began to leHeO on our condition i The win- ter drawing on apace; uur prov ifions fhirt, af7d what Wf had but vety indifferent , and no relief to be ex|:«^cd j our people's fpiiits began to ftnk, and it was with dif- ficulty that they were peifuaded to exert themfelvet ftv their own deliverance. Foitunately for us, we had in ■I "I ►'< w, ■-■' « I 174 I in the evening, a (hift of wind from W. N. W. with i fteady breeze, when our Captain, looking over the ftar- boaid qa^irter, dtfrernedthe ice to the fouthward, feem- ingl/ to leave the Ibip, and foon heard a cralh, as if a thoufand rocks had been rent from the' foundations,- which we afterwards percdived to be the parting of the ice in different dire^^ions; and foon after found our- ielves releafed. We inllantly ^ot up « ur ice-anchors, and ihiped our courfe from S. E. to E. S. E. but were frequently ftopped by larK* pieces, which carried a- way gicat part of our flienthinx forward, and damafj;e4 oar ftern, fo that the Ihip made water at the rate of three inches an hour. On the 24th we continued our courfe E. S. E. and cime in light of the Kefolution, which had likewifc received much damige aboit her bows. We were now clear of the ice, and, till three in the afternoon, fail- ed in Company, till we came up with a folid body, on which we faw a number of amphibious aBim'iI?, fomc of them very large. We inftantly got out and manned our boats, and in three h(»ur3 returned with eleven of rhe Urgcft, about which all hands were employed the Tiext day in (kinning and cutting them up for blubber. On the Z5th we p.Hfed fcveral fields of ice. And at noon was at the extreme of the eafternmoft land in light. Being thf^n in lat. 69 dcg. 17 rain, and, by a lunar obfcrvation, in long. 187 dcg. 16 niin. E, of London. On the 27th we found outfelves involvtd again a- mong the loufe ire, ftjme of which it was out of our power to efcape,- ;ind the leak lUll continuing rather to increafe than abate, our Captain, with Mr. Bailey the aftronomer, and Mr. Hurney, our ift lieutenant, wetit on board the Kef^luti'^n, to repoit our iituation to the Commodore^ '--L: • t 17; ] Commodore, whom xhcy found fo ill as to be pa (Ted all hopes of recovery. Upon calling a council of officers, it was Hnanimoi.ll/ agreed, that we Ihrtuld proceed aa faft as pofliblei to fome port, where we might repair our damages, and Kamchatka was appointed our pl^ce of rendezvous. We were now in lat. 68 de^, 19 min. and in long. 1S3. On the 28th, at two in the morning we came in fight of the Afia fliore, very high and covered wiih fnow di- ftance about 7 or 8 leagues, we mnde fil and flood to the fouthward. Abour noon we found c-urfelvcs in lat. 67 deg. II min. and in long, by double altitudes iSS deg. 10 min. E. The extreme of the eanernaioft land diftant about 6 leagues. At tf n at night we faw a great number of ducks, geefe, and fea-parrots very near uj, by which we judged land could not be far off. On the 19th at noon we were in lat. 65 deg. 50 min. and long. 1S8 deg, 97 min. bat no land m iighr. On the 30th we fteered till noon to the S. R. with a fteady breeze, and came in fitht of two illnda right a-head, diitnnt wbcut five or fix leagues, The wea- ther then becnme thick and hazy, and though wc were certain that the main land of Afia and America were at no great diftsnce, we rouUl fee neither till about four o'clock in the afternoon, th- Wf.irher cl^^aring up wt faw a pilTige or Hreight, to which we bore aw;^v' and found the two continents sit feven o'clo':k on ♦•ach fide of us. This rtreight was called iihecring*s Sireight the eitr.incc of which wc» found ih« fair- as has breri already dcfcribed ; and the current at this timefettin^ to the N. W. very ftroryj, made our palfgae not only difficult but dangerous. * ' !f On the 7-ft w« p^iTH Ifchutiolfkoi.nofs, called by the failors rufkan-nofs, and foon came in light of Cotk'i Town, ^ ■I! ih'iF i (I. i m r'-'i' Tfning the man at the m^ft-head called out lard to the N. W. which ws/i foon known to be Bhecring Ifland^lat*. at noon 5} deg. $0 min. Nothing .*■>» C »yr 1 / Nothing remarkable till the aift^ when early in th« ■lorning the man at the maft-head again came in light of land. It wa« then at a very great diftance, and upon oui ftarbaord bow, but before night we were only diftant from the mouth of Kamchatka bay, 1 2 or 13 leagues. On the 2 2d at nine in the morning we had the Refolu- tion'sboat on board, to acquaint Capt. Gore with the death of our commodore. We were then within fight of the flag at the mouth of Kamchatka bay, of which men- tion has already been made, and the wind being favor- able, we continued our coufe for the entrance of the harbour, which then bore from us W. S. W. lat. atnoea 54 deg. s4min. On the 2 3d a little before midnight we came to an- thor within the light-houfe. On the 24th our Capt. being now Commodore, made the fignal to get under way by towing, all the boat» wire accnrdinf^ly got out, and the Commodore went on b©ard the Kefolutiom,where it wasrefolved, for the great- er convenience of repairing tlie (hips, and for cic£\injp the tents and foige to go within the upper harbour. And about four in the afternoon both (hips came to, and were moored in three fathom and a half water, muddy bottom. Early next morning the tenti wercere£\cd, and the^ dck were got on (hare. From the time we fet fail out of this bay in June, till the prefcnt diy, we had been in no harbour to refit ; and had been ■ li '§ ii .#^ [ 178 ] m ^ ,. '■)'', I* * I Auguft ^5th, an exprefs was fent to Balchaiareki,t« acquaint the 8;overnorof our arrival, and of the death of our late commander: at the fame time another expreft was fcnt to ParatanVa, to defire the attendance of the prieft, in order to confultwith him concerning the inter- ment of Capt. Gierke, whnfe defrc w;j8, tobebiuied in his church: while we were waitins; the i ITue of thefe meifi8;e.s, thefeveral promotions took place that followed in confeqence of the Commander's death. Mr. Goie went on board the Refolution, and Mr. Kin;^, lirll Lieut, of the Rftfolufi^n, t)ok command of the Difcovery. Other pro- motions took place, which the reader will remark by the feqiial. The tirft care of the comm^inders of both fliips was !o provide for the recovery of the fick, and the repair* of the Ihips; and for that puipofe a houfe was procured for the reception ni the former, and a contrivance made for heaving the latter dry. The we;nher bein^ now temperate and the country de- lightful, the officers and gentlemen rather chofe to fleep in thcii Marquees on Ihore, than in the apartments in the fort, 01 in the houfes in the town. It was however thought expedient to ihew every nirirk of refpe£\ to the Uulfinn officers, who, though not of the fiift rank, were notwithftandina; the only people with whom we had any concern, or with whom we cauld have any communi- cation j they were tKcrcfore frequently invited to din- ner, ^nd they as often attended. On the 26th the prieft ariivcd, when Capt. Gore ac- quainted him with the death of our commander, and of his denf^s, who are remarkable for their fagacity in fcenting out the bodies of dead p-ilfengers when any happctr to peiiih and are buried near the 1 ^-^^ 4^>« Tkif ^•> rSi II- •t1 'i 4, ito ] This ceremony over, an efcutcheon was prepared and neatly painted by Mr. Webber, with the Captain's coal of arms properly emblazoned, and placed in the church of Paratauka, and underneath the following infcripti- on; >«*^"'*'''*vU,,_^' i'k Tbcre lies interred at the foot of a Tree, ^^^ N«ar theOftrog of St. PhXEit and St. Paul. ' The Body of CHARLES CLERK E, Esq^uim, CooMAKDSR of Hit Britannic Majefty't Ships, the Refolution and Difcovery $ To which he fucceeded on the Death of JAMES COOK, E s q.v I a 1, Wh« was killed by the Natives of an Ifland wi difcovered in the South-Sea^ after having ex* ploied the Coaft of America, from 42 deg* tymiiu to 70 deg. 4omin. 57.fec.N9 in fcarch of a North-Weft Paffage from H V K o p B to tht East-Indiis. ■i^ The fecond attempt beinf made by C AFT AIM Clbrkb, who failed within fome few Leagues of Captain Cookj but was brought up by I folidBodyof Ice, which he foui ' fiom the America to the Afii, Shore, and almoft tended due Eafland Weft. He Died at Sea, r on his Return to tht Southward on tht ltd Day of ..;y^'. Ap*il,I779, ■ AGa»i 3! Years, v'l Another •-«Y £ III 3 Another infciiption was fixed upon the tret under which he was interred. This tree was at ronae diftance ifrom the town and near the hofpital, round which fc- veral people had already been buried j but none fo high upon the hill as the fpot pointed out for the grave of Capt. Gierke. The incription placed on this tret was near- ly the fame as that at Paratanka, and was as follows : '-^-^^ Beneath this Tree lies the Body of Captain C HARLES CLERK E, Commander of His Britannic Majcfty's Ship*, /. the Refolution and Difcovery. Which Command he fucceeded to, on tht Z4th ti February, 1779^ on ^'^ Death o£ Captain JamisCook, ^^ Who was Killed by the Natives of feme Idandlf -'ii he Difcovered in the Suvrn-SiA, "* on the Date above. • . Captain Cli&kk Died at Sea, •f a Itngtring lilnefs, on the tad Vi%i of AucuiT, 1779, ••. In the 3*th Year of hit Ace, And wtt iKTiE&BD on tht $oth foUbWlni;. ^ .'.y k«. • « > I m\-. i^ w. Os ■h * t" IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 l^|28 |2.5 |50 "^ !■■ %b ll 1.4 1& 1.6 O^A K 4V/ ^ 7 PtiotDgraphic Sciences Corporation 9« 'V!^T MAIM trtrllT y^t-lMTH.N.t '4$iO :/j ^ t t«« 1 ''i'f On this occafioii the inhabitants of both towns, and thofe of the whole country for many miles round, at- tended } and th« crews of both (hips were fuffered to Continue a fliore, and to divert themfelves, each as h« liked beft. It was the Captain's defire that they Ihould have double allowance for three days fucceffively, and all that while to be excufed from other duty, than what the ordinary attendance in the ibip required, but the feafon being far advanced, and a loiiK tra£\ of unknown fea to traverfe before they couid reach China, the of- ficers reprcfenting the hardfhips and inconvcniencie« that fo much loft time might bring upon themfelves, ttiey very readily gave up that part of the CaptainV requeft, Rnd returned to their refpe£^ive employmentt early the next day. On tdef September the Governor arrived at Paratanka, and with him an officer called by the Ruffians Propofick, the fame as in England is called Colk£^or or Sur- veyor. They informed Capt. Gore, that a floop was daily ex- pc£\cd from Janellca, laden with provifions and ftoreg •f all forts for our uft ; but expreifed fome apprehenfiont for her fafety, is the boats had been looking out for her fevetal days. This news was of too much importance to be flighted. Accordingly On the 3d the pinnaces and boats from both ftiipt were fent to the entrance of the bay, to affift her, in cafe ibe ihould be in fight, in towing her in } but it was The nth before flie arrived. Sne was a bark of a- bout lOo tons, and had two guns mounted, which ftic fired aj a falute, when ihe dropt anchor, and was an* fwered by a volley from the garrifon, which confiftcd of a fubaltern and 55 foldicrs. She was no (boner ■ooied, thdn t)ie Captain waited on tlie Governor for inftru£tiont I »«3 1 f Jnftruf^ions, and then came on board the Rcfolufion, He was introduced to the Commodore, to whom ho. delivered the invoice of his lading; among which w^ a wearing apparel and tobacco, two articles that were above all others acceptable to the fliips companieg. As foon as the Governor had executed his comniilfion and delivered up the ftores to the Commodore, he took his leave and returned to Bolchaia-ieka, and the (hips Ibeing lightened before, and their bows heaved up dry fo that the carpenters could get at the leaks, the Captains and principal oflficers finding little «?lfe to amufe them, Blade a party to fcour the woods for game j bufthii proved the worft feafon in the /ear for hunting. They had been told, thai rein-deer, wolves, foxes, beavers, and ftone- rams every where abounded in the forefts of this country, and they had promifed themfelvei great fport in purfuing them; but after ftaying out full two days and nights, during which lime they had been expofed to feveral fe- v«re ftorms, they returned much fatigued, without hav- ing.breri able to kill a fingle creature. The partiet who had been fent our towood and water had fucceed- •d much better. As foon at the lhi|)« were ready to launch, they were.ready tocompleat the hold. In (hort, the utmoft difpatchwas made to haften our departure, fo that by the latter end of Septfmb«;r we wcie in rea- dineff to put to fea. The cattle with which we wero BOW fupplied, one would have thought, had dropt from another region. It is among the wonders of nature, with what celeiitv every vegetable and every animal changes its app«i^rance in this climate. On the lath •f June, when we left the haibour of Kamchatka, tho ijpiing had but juft begun to announce the approach •f fummer by the budding of the trees, and the fprout* ing of the grals; but now, on our return, it was mat* ter of furprize to find the fruits ripe, and the hacveft lu full perfeOion. The cattle were inert (kin and bone, wkich we were glad to accept at oui firil coming ; but thoft \''. • H ; I 1 '■ I"' ■\i * » % L I ■', ? fit '. 11 ( ■ I :* i It ^Hi «' f IS4 J that were now fent us were fine and far, and would have made no bad figure in Smithfield mark«^t. The grafs was in many placea as high as our knees, and the corn, where any grew, bore the promifing appear- ance of a fins crop. In (hort, from the mofl dreary, barren, and defolate afpe£l, that any habitable coun- try could prefent, this was become one of the moO de- lightful ; Mr. Nelfon reaped a rich harvefl of raie plants, and had the additional pleafure of gathering them in their moft exalted ftate. Tn this interval of idle time, between compleating our repairs, and clearing the harbour, we had leifure to take a view of the town near the fhore. where w© fixh moored, and that of Paratanka, where the prief^ lived, and where the church was fituated. Thefe towns have received fome improvement, fince they becamf fubjt£\ to the Ruffians i but are ftill mofl wretched dwel- lings. The houfes are built (if we may call that b(iild- ing, which is half dug out of the earth, and half fet upon poles) in two different forms j one for their fura- mer, and the other for their winter refidence. Their, winter habitation is made by digging a fqutr* hole in the earth, about 5 er ^ feet deep, the length and breadth being proportioned to ihe number of people that are to live in it. At each corner of this fquare hole they fet up a thick pof^, and in the intermediate fpace between thefe corner pofts, they place other pcfls at cer- tain diftances, and over thffe they lay 'Isalks, faHcning them together with (hong cords, which they make of nettles prepared in the manner of hemp. Acrofs xirnf^ they place other balks, in the manner of a bridge, then •over the whole with thatch, leaving a fquare opening in the middle, which fer vt sat once for a door, window, and chimney. On one fide of this fquare is their fire- place, and outheoppofite fidt is ranged their kitchen furniture. ,» t in rurniture. On ihe two other fidf*; nre a Icind of broad benches mnde with earth, on which each family lie, and in one of thefe huts or houfrs there live feveral families. Toentf^r thefe huts by the only opening at top, they u(?. a ladder, not made with rounds bet»veen two fides Jike ours,' but confiftiq^? only of narrow flips of wood fattened to n plank. This ladder the women mount with great ngility, with children at their backs, and though the fmoke would blind and fufFocate thofewhoare not ufed to it, yet the Kamlhaiikadales find no inconvenience from it. Their fummer huts, called Balagans, are made by (ik- ing up pillows about 14 feet above ground, and laying balks over them ^s before. On thefe they make a floor, and then raife a roof, which they thatch with grafs. To thefe bnlagaas, they have two doors, which ihey afcend by the fame kind of iad^r. In the winter they ufe the balagans Tor m;«gnzlnes. the thatch fecures what they lay up in them from rain, and by taking away the hidder, it becomes inacctlTible to wild beafts and vcrmine. It being fummer, we had no acccfs to their winter ^Iwellings, which were all Ihut up, and ihey were not over-fond of expoling \heir povci.y; for though they have little to boa ft of, they are not without pride. The whole furniiurt of the commonalty confifts oi dillies, bowls, troughs and cans; their cans are made of bitch !)ark, theii o^her uteniilsof wood, which, till the Ruffi- ans introduced iron among them, they holloweil with in- Ihuments made of ftcnr or hone j but with thefe tools thoir woik was tedious and difficult. In thefe bowls they d efi their food, though being wood, they v^illt^ot bear 55 In !'ii ■il I . • t;.7 ■ppHiPnwii '0 ' I *■ i 186 ] In the winter the men are employed in hunting, mak- in fl-dges, and fetching wood j and the women in weav- ing nets, and fpinning thread. * -•■'. ^' Inrhr fpiing the rivers bcBjin to thaw, and the fifli that wi itered in them ^o towards the Tea ; the men there- fore in this feafon are buiied in fiflnng, and the women in curiug what they catch. In the (bm'^ner, the men build both their winter and fummer huts, train their dogs, Rnd make their houlhold utenfils and warlike inftrumentsj but the women make all the cloathiint<, even to the Ihoes. Their deaths for the nricft part, are made of thefkinsof land and fc;>ani- malx, particularly deer, dogs and feals; but fometimea theyufe the Ikins of birds, and frequently thofe of diffe- rent animals in the fame garments. They commonly wenr two coats, the under one with the hair inward**, and the upper one with the hair outwards. The women have befid-s an under garment, not unlike Dutch trow- fers, div ided and drawn round the knees with a ftring. They are filthy beyond imagination; they never walh their ha nd^ or traces, nor pair their nails. They eat out of the fame difh with their dogs, which they never wiilli. Both men and women plait their hair in two locks, which they never comb; and thofe who have Oiort hair, fupply the locks with falfe. This is faid of the Kmic latkadales who live more to the north; thofe in the towns which we faw, had learnt of the Ruffians to be more cleanly. • Theytite very flii^orfticious ; and the women in par- ticul'ir, pietend to avert misfortunes, cure difeafei, and fojetel future events, by muttering incantations over the finsof fillies, niinj^led with a certain heib, which they gather from the wo(;d :■< ■;■ 11"'- i% the t'cry reverfe of that of the Indians in the luufh. There they reft or ftew with ftones made hot and bu- ried, a« it weie, in th*j earth with their meat, by which its reJifh i? faid to be much improved. But here they b.^l it with hot ftones immerfed in water, by which its ri^vour is rendered more infipid. The Ume necef- fity, however, feems to have p)inted out the fame means to the people of the torrid and of the frigid zones; for both being equally unacquainted with iron, and wood be- ine incapiible of lefiflin^^; fire, whr-n brought in conta^A with it, though the principle was obviou«, the applica- tion waH difficult ; th^'fe therefore of the torrid zone would naturally be led to call the warmth of the earth lo their aid: While thofe in the frozen climaien would think water a mote rendy .'tfliftantj add to this, that the colder region^ abound with hot fprin^sj fome in Kam- (hatka, in particular, are fo hot, as to approach ne^irly to the degiee of boiline; water; but thefe the/ think it finful to ufc, as we have already obferved. The doj^s of this country are liVe our village curs «nd a-e of difieient colours. They feed chieHy on filli, ;,nd their ninliers ufe them to diaw fl^d^'Js, inftead oi i^.oifes or lein-deer. The feas and bke.« abound with a variety of am- j^hibious adimal.M, of which feals nnd f^.i-liorfes and fen- cows are the moft numerous, and the moft proti table. Of the Va'w^ of the fell they mal)r ferpent. Lizards are not rare ; but they believe thcfd creatures to be fpics fent from the infernal powers to in- Iped their lives, and foretel their death; and therefore whenever they fee one, they kill it, and rut it in fmall jueces, that it may not carry back any intelligence Iq their hurt. ' ^' ■' But what is moft renyirkable, and defer ves the atten- tion of the curious, is tfce remarkable conformity between the Kamlhatlkadales towards the eaft, and of the Americans, that live on the oppofite coaft juft over againll them, in their perfons, habits, cuftoms and food ; both drefs exaOly inthe fnme manner, both cut holes in their faces in the fame manner already defcribed, m which they put bines like falfe teeth j and both make their canoes exa£\ly in the fame manner. They area - bout I 2 feet long and two broad, lliarp at the h«ad and Hern, and tiat at the bottom ; they confift of flat piecct of Wood, joined at both ends, ai^d kept apart inthc mid- dle by atranfverfe piece, through which there i.o a hole jiilt big enough for the man to fct in his legs, and to fcit hinifelf ona bench made on purpofe ; this fkeletoniJ . covered with ieal-ikin, dyed of a kind of a purple coUiir, , .and lht» whole \* iKirted with loofe ikin, which, when ihe - 1- . t. , I : !|' I 111 H ^ ' 4 %\ » / ♦ t 190 ] the man is feat«d, he draws clofe round him, like the mouth of a purfe, and with a coat and cap of the fame /kin, which covers his whole body, makes the man and hivS bolt appear like one piece; and thus clad, and thut feated andfurrounded, he fsars neither the roughft fea the fevereft weather. And now we have had occafion to mention this (imi- larity between the inhabitants on the oppofiie ihore of Afia and America; we (hall embrace this opportunity, to correO a very material error in our account of laft year's voyage, where, fpeaking otthe RulTwn difcoveries^ we took notice, after examining Bhcering's Stieights, though the Kulfians fuppofed that the lands were parted, here we found the continent to join, by which the reader will no doubt imagine, that we have affeiied, that the two Continents of Alia and America join, which they do not; but are f»perated by a ftreight between two promontories, which in clear weather, aie fo near as to be feen in failing through, with the naked eyr. But what is meant is this. When Bheering made his difco- vcry,in cojilVmg along the American Ihore, hedifcovered a found or rtreight, which having furmnunted, he found himfelf in a great ba*-, which h<^ imagined was another fea and that the land he had palled was not the Ameri- can continent, but a great ifland feperated from the con- tinent by the found or ftreight juft mentioned. This found therefore, and this bay we examined, and found that what the RuflTians hadmiftaken for an iflind, isaOu- ally a part of the American Continent. Hence it appears, that notwithftanJing all that was written againft it, Bheering is juftly entitled to the honor of having difco- vered all that part of the N. W. continent of America, that has been hitherto marked in our maps as pait«.> unknown. ' ; . .. • . > * ;• « < • • ■ It remains now only to give a Ihort defciption of the biy and harbour where we repaired j which at the en- » trance ^'■" < I 191 1 trantce is between two very high bluff rocks ; on the ftar- board as we enter is the light-houfe, of which menti- on has already been m^de, and at the diftance of a- bout 20 miles the vulcano, from whence flames and alhes are fometimes emitted to great diftance, and to the great terror of the inhabitants. The bay is about t lea)?ues deep, and lies from S. E. to N. W. And from N. E. to S. W. It is about 4 leagues. It is inaccef- {ible during the winter, by reafon of the ice j but vtry fafe and convenient during the fummer. The harbour where we lay to careen and repair, would contain about 20 (hips of the line in perfe£^ fafe- ty, being clofely furrounded with high hills, except at the entrance. The people are civil,and in their way very obliging; but their manner of living affords nothing very enchanting for failors. Our (hips being now in as good repair ai we had reafon to expeft from the length of the voyage they had paiTed, the rigorous weather to which they had beea cx^ofed, the boifterous feas they had ftiipped j and, a- bove all, from the violent concuffions of the ice that had fliaken their very frame, and had ftripped them of their iheathing : And being likcwife plentifully pro- vided with provilions and ftores, by the generofity ©f her Imperial Majefty of RuflTia, and by the care and benevolence of her governor and officers, On the 9th of 0£tober, 1779, we weighed, and foen wete without the light-houfe, ihaping our courfe to the fouihwaid, and On the loth were in lat. 52 deg. 36 min. when we had a dead calm, and went to filhing for cod, with good fufcefi% Thcrmomtter s«. i •. On i> • II 4} :i; m ff .-ST" K-'- ' :. [ 192 3 ''■'-• ... '(■• -" On tlie nth we purfued our courfe, and by noon were in Ut. 5 I deg. I rnin% On the 1 2th we ftood S. W. and ut ni> min. Thermometer 4S deg. 52 half min. ' On the 1 3th we were in lat. 50. Courfe as before. On the 14th we ftill continued the fame courfe. Lat. 4fl deg. 30 min. The 15th we altered our courfe in fearch of fome iflands, which the RufTuns fnid were inhabited by peo- ple of a gigantic fize, who were covered with hair; but who notwithftandinsj were very civii, and would fupply us with cattle and hogs, with which their ifland a)>ounded. Thefe iflands, however, we never found, though we continued fearching for them till The 19th, when a ftorm came on, and we loft fight ^qf the Difcovcry ; but next day were in company, and lefunicd our courfe, the gale continuing till " The 2^d, when we found ourfelves in lat. 41 de^:. and long. E. from London 149 deg. 20 min. The wind which had abited in the day, freih'ined again about 9 at night, and foon increafed to a g?ile, when we were obliged to lie-to, as vve imagined, from the ufualfign?, and founding at 80 fathom, that we muft be near land. In the morning of the «3d we ftood N. N. W. in fearch of lantl, but found none. At noon by double altitude lat. 41 deg. 48 min. long, 146 deg. 17 min. K, About 10 at nii^iht wc altered our ccurfc \t. S. W. and fo continued till . ' The '. ; • N f 193 1 The 25th, when by the time-piece, we were in long", 145 dcg. 29 min. E. and continued eur courfe with an eafy fail. At 3 in the afternoon a large piece of tim bee paffed us to the northward. And On the c6th, early in the morning, the man at the maft-head called out Land, diftant about 7 or * leagues, bearing E. by N. to N. W. We then found ourfelvei within fight of Japan. Lat. 40 deg. 56 min. long. 14Q deg. 17 min. E. Thermometer 52 deg. 55 min. Early in the morning oftheci7thwe fawa fail, feem- ingly very large making towards us from the ihore. We cleared fhip, and made thefignalto the Difcovcry to do the fame. She was a fquare rigged velTel with two oiafts, very Ihort, and built much in the manner of the Chinefe junks. We hoifted Engliih coicurs. She look- ed at us, but made fail to the weftward, and we conti* nued our courfe. On the 28th we faw land bearing W. N. W. to S. half W. diftant about 6 leagues. We then founded 64 fathom, and flood from S. to S. E. by E. Lat. 39 at noon, long. 140 deg. 10 min. Thermometer 59 and a half. On the 29th we again ftood S. half W. and in th« morning obferved another vefTel making to thp caftward at a great diftance. We again hoifted Engl i(h coleiirt, but Ihe paid no attentivon to them^ and we puifued our courfe. On tht 30th we were in lat. 36 deg. 41 min. fteer- ing S. W. Thermometer 64 and a half. On the 31ft faw land very high, from W. half N. to N. W. at a grt'at diftance. Lat. 34 deg. 35 min. '■ ■ I! I . r»-»- A a November 4 I i t i j''^ ' ' ,. ^ 'i < t' '1' ^ .) ; |:. i: f V 'I ,,; WK/ November ift, ft^ered all dajr from S. to S. W. f4w a "Jgh mouatiin, which feem^d to be a vulcanoj but at a great diftance. Tacked and ftood to the northvf ard. On the 2d we again tacked, and ftood E. half S. and, finding! the w;»ter of a milky colour, founded, but had no;^»oundat i^ofathom. Lat. 36 deg. 30 min. Ther- mometer 70 and a half. The 3d, the wind from the S. S. E. we ftill continu- ed working to the fouthward; but made little way. The 4th, the wind being againft m, we advanced but flowly, being at noon in 3? deg. 49 min. only; with a great fwell from the S. \V. Thermometer 72 and a half, The 5th we had only advanced 2 min. On the 6th the wind flilfted to the N. E. made fail and ftood all day S. by W. to S. S. W. Lat. 35 deg. 15 min The 7th the fea all round was covered with pumlce- ftone« tlnating to the mjithward. W« now approached the climatfi where bon-^ttoes, albatroiTea, Ihirka, dol- phins, and li/ing-Hlh are leen to play their fro) icks. . On the 8 th we faw fea-weed, pieces of timber, great qumtities of pumice, and other ligns of landj but none came in fight. At night wc llnrtened fail. On th« 9th we ftood the whole day S. W. Lat. 32 deg. 4I min. Thermometer 71 and a half. Tht loth it blew a heavy gale from N. N. W. Hauled our wind to N. K. , . ••■'•■ '"■' On .' » i «?i 1 On the I ith bore away again S. by W. but the gale incrcafing towards night, hauled our wind to the north- ward. The 12th the gale continued, lay-to, with thefliip'a heads to the weftward. Ihipped many heavy feas, and the rain fell in torrents. The 18th theftorm abated. Stood S. S. W. all day. Lat. at noon «j deg. 56 min. Long. 140 dcg. iS min. £. On the 14th mnde fail, W. S. W. At 11 A. M. the Difcovery made the fignal for l^nd, which we anfwered. It then bore S. W. diftant 7 or 8 ]ea>iue8, andapppar- td like a burning mountain, from whence proceeded, 49 we fuppofed all the pumice we had fecn. In the night faw volumes of ftame proceeding from it, very awful. On the 15th loft fight of the vulcano; but in thee- vening another made a ft ill more awful appearance. We were now in lat. 23 deg. 56 min. long. 139 dej. 20 min. E. Thermometer 72 and a half. On the 16th we bore away W. half S. Wind frefh from E. N. E. at noon found ourfelve.^ in lat. 24 deg, »5 min. having, by the variation and fetting of the cm- rent gone 20 miles to the northward. Long, by watch a^Ji deg. 16 min. 2ofec. E. Ther. 75anda half. Early on the 17th, beuig near the tropic, nnd expeO- ing th« weather t# continue fine, weOiiited our canv.ifi and running-rit^^inw;, and bent our old onevf, knowing what we hadftiil toexpe*!^ before we reached our native ftjores ; and we made the iignal ior the l)ifco)^ery to go ob ©ur hull ben j(» in fearch of land, but found nont. L.jt, at noon, 23 dcg. 46 min. r ' ' On H m 1 ' > -,. •••/ I ^' ii ' iff .f V :^. t 19^ 1 On the 1 8th w« ftood the whole day W. S. W. with 91 ftiff breeze. And On tht 19th were inlat. 22 deg. 30 min. The 20th continued our ceurfe without any thing material. The 2ift we weiein lat. $1 deg. 41 min. a hard gale and heavy rain. The izd we kept our courfe the whole day. Lat. at noon, 20 deg. 46 min. The 23d altered our courfe, and ftood W. by N. Lat. 21. , The 2 4th hauled our wind, and ftood N. N. W. Haid gale from N. E. The 25th, the gale increafing we lay-to, with the ftup'ft heads to the northward. Lat. at noon, 21 deg. $j min. The 26th we again bore away, W. S. W, and fo continued all day. The 27th continued the fame courfe all day. At night fhortened fail, and hauled up to N. N. W. Early on the 28th we were furprifed by breakers clofe under our bows. Made the fi^nal to the Difcovery ; and immediately tacked to the fouthward. At 7 wore Ihip, 3H\v\ again ftood to the N. W. At 10 f^w breakers from N. E. by E. to W. S. the nearelt dii\ant about a mile. We founded at s^ fathom, and bore away W. S. W. keeping a proprr diftance trom the letfs, and coafting a- I(ing ♦ill we pHfffd them. About noon, the S. W. end bore from us N. N. W. dillant about 2 miles, lat. 2 2 cleg. 3c min. Irng. 135 d;ird, bringing with him a packet of letters for Capt. Cook, which hnd lain there ever fince the be- ginning 1779; he h:id he^rd of the dea'h of Captain Cook by a Dutch velTel, and cxprelfed great concern for that unhappy event; alking a ihoufand queitions crncerning the particulars. ^ ^. ■ \' ■ ■ • ■■ • . ■■ The firft care of our Commodore was to provide for the tick ; and by three in the afternoon they were all Unded, and fent to thfe hofpital under the care of the furgeon 's mate: All hands were next fet to their dif- ferent cmployiiients, fome to wood and water, and feme to Complete the repairs. Thefe they forwarded with the utmort ex perdition, every one being eager to get to his. native country. Of the repairs, the Refolutirn^s ludder whs the moft material. The firft thing therefore to be done was to unhinge it and get it on Ih )re : And though this was immediately put in hand, it was The ct7th before it was reftored again to its place. By the 2^th, the fick, who were numerous when we arrived at the Cape, we having i^ ill of the flux, were pretty well recovered: The lepairs were in forwaid- nefs, and the itores read/ to be taken on board at a moment's notice, wh^n news was brought us, that :m ftxprefs was arrived at Table Hay from England, in the 8ibbald fri; ate, which had only been ten weeks froir\ Plymouth, and that flie was to return again as Toon as Ihe had delivered her difpatchfs. Both Captains went intlantly to learn (he contents, and on th^ir return, or- ilers were given to prepare as faft as pcflTible to fail. This was joyful rcws The fubllance of thefe difpatch- • "^"^^ «»->* , IV* On the 2ift being then in lat. 58 deg. 4. min* N* long. 9 deg. 6 min. faw a fail ftanding to the fouthward, when we made the Difcovery'sfignal to chafe; but the gdle continuing, could not come near enough to h^le her. In the evening the man at the maft-head called out land diftant about 3 leagues. Early on the 22 made thefignal for a pilot, and at eight o'clock a pilot came off, and by deven we werefafely moored in the harbour of Strumnefs, in the north of Scot- land. We were foon vifited by the gentlemen in the neighbourhood. On the a 3d frefb beef and greens wert ferved outin plenty to both Hiips companies ; and the fame day our palTengers went on (hore, and fet out for London. The Captains and officers went like wife on ihore, and the men had liberty to divert themfelves by turns during our ftay. BytheZ9th wc had got wood and water enough on board to ferve us to London ; and at noon the fignal was made to weigh; but tha wind coming about, and blow- ing frslli from the S. E. obliged us not only to relinquilh our defignfor the prefent, but detained us till the 19th of September. On the 20th of September Capt. King of theDifcov«ry, Mr. Bailey our aftronomer, andMr. Webber, left the (hips, and fet out for London, and Mr. Bumey, ift Lieut, of the Relolution took the command of the Difcovery in the abfence of Capt. King. During our ftay tha ftiips were vifited by gentlemen from all the iflands round; and by the Apollo Frigate and her confort ; they brought in a prize valued at lo^eooj. ?ind both Captains came to viiit Capf. Gore on board the t 2 08 ] i»- -:^ the Refolution, who now was taken very ill, and fo continued to the end of the voyage. The fame after- noon, the wind cime round in our fivor, when the fi<- nal was made for unmooring, and both Ihips got uad«*r way. At night w« came to an anchor with the tide. On the ay\ Samuel Johnfon, ferjeant of marirr^s, died, and next morning his corpfe was committed to the deep. On the a 5th the wind came again to the eaftward, and continued againd us moft of our p4irage. On the 28th we paffsd by Leith, off which wc a- gairi fpoke with his Majefty's Ihip Apollo. On the 29th John Davis quarter-tnafter, died. Our detention at Strumnefs proved unfortun??te for thefe two men, who died in their palTage. Had the (hips arriv- ed in a dire£\ courfe, their friends would at lenft have had the faiisfa^ion of adminiftering all in their power to their recovery, which, to pctloiis who h.id been fo long abfent, would h.4ve been no fmall confolatione On the 30th we cime to an anchor off Y.nmouth, in company with his Mdjefty's (bops of war the My and Alderney. Oxir boats were immediarely fent on Ihoie for provifions ; and for a fpare cable for our fmall bowrr, that we had being near worn out. We lay here till The 2d of O£^ober, when wc weighed and failed. Oil. the 4th we came to at the Nore. And, On the 6th dropt our anchor at Deptford, having been abfent jutt four years, three months and two days. \ -Sc FINIS. ,^'> *» * / ci' f . ■'". * ■/'■; / *; ' '• ► f*5 / ■f ■**: ?5 he • ^ iv ^ )J IS^