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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 NATIONAL LIBRAiiy CANADA BIBLIOTH ytt NATtONALE 0^6v3 ^ V^ Church Annals at Niagara FROM A.D. 1792- A.l). 1892. A PAl'ER READ BY THE REV, OR. SCADDINCI AT THE ST. MARK'S CENTENNIAL, NIAGARA, MONOAY, JULY U, 1892. TORONTO James Murray & Co., Printers, 26 and 28 Front Street West / f^ T CHURCH-GOING A HUxMDRED YEARS AGO. /»/ M,'inoi-i(iiii: Rohi'i-t At/disoii. Missionniy, St. Mark's Chunk, Xitii^ai-u, A./). i-t)2—A.D. iSit). t 4^ T i T S6^ v I I I I 4- i CHURCH ANNALS AT NIAGARA FROM AD. 1792— AD. 1S92. 'HE present is an era of century celebra- tions. All the civilized portions of the habitable world are this year com- memorating the four hundredth an- niversary of the discovery of America by Columbus. In 1874 was the so-called Caxton celebration, commemorating the introduction of printing into England in 1474. In 18S3 was observed the four hundredth anniversary of the birth of Luther. In 1864 we had the tercentenary of Shakespeare. In 1876 the people of the United States observed their centennial ; in the present year the Province of Ontario is doing the same thing for itself, as the successor to the Province of Upper Canada, in which its present system of representative gov- ernment was proclaimed on the i6th of July, 1792. Semi-centennials, too. it has become the practice to observe. In 1S84 the city of Toron- to celebrated the fiftieth year of its corporate existence. The jubilee of Her Majesty Queen Victoria made the year 1887 forever memor- able ; and in 1889 the Diocese of Toronto held its jubilee, recalling the consecration of its first Bishop, Dr. John Strachan, in 1839. Even the lapse of a quarter of a century is held to be worthy of special commemoration. Thus in the present year the Dominion of Canada has cele- brated the twenty-fifth year of its career. The custom of thus reviving the past at stated in- tervals is based on precedents to be found in Holy Writ, in the injunctions given to the Hebrew nation concernmg the Sabbatical, or 36d T Jubilee year, an observance fraught with good to the Jewish people. The commemorations just enumerated have all of them caused the voice of praise and thanksgiving to be heard over extensive areas and in situations of much prominence. We come now to a celebration of a humbler character and calculated to excite an interest in fewer minds, although in this instance like- wise, from some peculiarities connected with it, the attention given to it will certainly be by no means simply local. The parish' of St. Mark's, Niagara, this year commemorates the one hundredth anniversary of its establishment as a mission in 1792. The registry of the parish of St. Mark's, Niagara, commences at that early date, when the first missionary was settled at this place, by the venerable Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, in the person of the Rev. Robert Addison, whose ministra- tions continued down to the year 1829. The tradition at Niagara at onetime was, that Governor Simcoe had something to do with the building of a portion of the present St. Mark's Church, but it now appears that that edifice was not begun to be erected in stone until the year 1807. Still it is highly probable that the excellent Governor took some action in regard to the establishment of religious worship at Niagara, and the site of the church may have been set apart by him at the spot where it now stands, and a temporary wooden struc- ture erected thereupon. It seems unlikely, when the character of the Lieutenant-Governor is considered, marked as we know it was by a solemn sense of religious duty, that he should, during an administration lasting from 1791- 1796, have refrained from some such proceed- ing as this. \ye are incidentally made aware tliat even in his famous canvas house, tempor- arily set up at York in 1793, regular religious t T services were maintained. Thus we have the ever memorable land-surveyor, Aii<,mstus Jones, while engaged in laying out, under the Governor's eye, the town plot of York, recording in his journal, that after transacting business with the Lieutenant-Governor "at the camp," that is while resident in this celebrated canvas abode of his, that he attended prayers there. His entry is, " went to camp on the ist of Septem- ber, 1793 ; attended prayers "-(see the writer's F'our Decades of York, Upper Canada, page 16). Without doubt the Lieutenant-Governor would have made arrangements in conjunction with the recognized missionary of the neighbourhood, Mr. Addison, for public worship on Sundays at all events, whenever it siiould be practicable, and that too, as we may well believe, at or near the site of the present Church of St. NLirk's. Mr. Addison was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, taking his degree of M. A. there in 1785. VVe have thus to imagine him often traversing the grand (piadrangle of Henry the Eighth's famous Foundation, and passing in and out familiarly among door-ways and chambers, teeming with memories of Lord Bacon, George Herbert, Robert x\elson, Sir Isaac Newton, and the other innumerable historic worthies, who have been members of Trinity. His surround- ings at Cambridge were doubtless congenial to his character ; and I have been assured that Bishop Watson, of Llandaff, the well known author of the " Apology," had said, that the English Church was losing a scholar of no or- dinary quality, when, in 1792, M*-. Addison de- cided to make far-off Canada the scene of his ministrations. His prospects at home were bright ; to be a member of Trinity College, Cambridge, gave a prestige to a raan everywhere in England, and this determination on the part of Mr. Addi- son was plainly an act of unselfishness. The -7 national Church wascaUing on her sons person- ally to assist her in fulfilling her dut}' towards the wide domain brought within her jurisdiction through the acquisition of Canada. He felt himself impelled to obey that call. The En- glish Church was f^rtimate in having so worth) a representative in these parts at so early a period. Mr. Addison's character and abilities were duly appreciated. In the calendars of the day his name appears not only on the list of those who form the Board for the general superintendence of education in Upper Can- ada, and those who are appointed Trustees of the public schools of the Niagara district, but also on the list of the commissioners of the peace, or general magistrates, in which capacity Mr. Addison's name figures in company with those of Thomas Dickson, John Ball, Robert Nelles, William Crooks, Samuel Street, Abra- ham Nelles, George Keefer, James Kerby, James Macklem, John Powell, John Servos, \V. H. Merritt, J. B. Clench and many others fami- liar even yet to us of the present generation. Many little extracts have been already made and circulated from the casual memoranda en- tered by Mr. Addison in the parochial register of St. Mark's, dating back to July gth, 1792, all showing him to have been a man of great sound- ness of judgment, and full of human sympathy. On the whole, in fact, he may be said to have possessed not a few of the qualifications sought for by good Sir Roger de Coverley in his chap- lain and the parson of the parish, such as " a good aspect, a clear voice, a sociable temper, and competent scholarship." The reports of his mission in Canada, trans- mitted periodically by him to the Society at home, would be, if collected and reprinted here, a most interesting historical record, and a valu- able boon to the Canadian public. I have in my own possession a short autograph letter ad- J dressed by Mr. Addison to a young soldier of fortune named Chinifjuy, from Lower Canada, breaking away from the narrow traditions in which he had been brought up and desiring to obtain employment among the more enterpris- ing people of the west, with whom he seems to have met with some success. In this note Mr. Addison appears in the pleasing light of a fatherly adviser to a young stranger who b)- some means had been brought into friendly re- lations with him. The letter is dated from Chippawa. While the headquarters of Mr. Addison were at Niagara, there were numer- ous stations in other directions visited pro- fessionally by him. The Indians of the (Irand River were familiar with his presence, and the Mohawk Chief Brant is said to have acted as his interpreter there. Mr. Addison's letter to Chiniquy is addressed to him at York and reads as follows : — Chippawa, 8th Oct., 1806. Dear Sir, — I have only a few minutes al- lowed me to tell you how very much I am pleased to hear from Mr. Jackson that you are verj- useful and agreeable to him. Suffer me to press this consideration upon you, that active industry, aided by frugality, is the parent of wealth. I do not expect you to be an hermit, and as I find you are doing well I will finish this dull advice by expressing my sincere wish that you may continue to do so. We elderly men are sad correspondents. By endeavouring to be of use we sometimes run the hazard of offending by our grave admonitions. You know we have had the honour of His Excellency on this side of the water and ever}' one seems highly pleased with his affability and politeness. He was waited upon by the magistrates and princi- pal inhabitants of Niagara, with an address in which was a high compliment to General Hunter, and let me tell you that his answer was .'^'^Xpj' still more complinientarj- to that departed worth)'. You will sec both the aildress antl answer in your paper and will then prize theni for yourself. \'ou will (ind that the sentiments ccjncernin^' the late administration on the Nia- gara side are ver)' different to wh-^ viiey are on yours. Our assize has been unusually long ; I think it lasted ten days, and all, I observed, was conducted well. The grand Judge gave gen- eral satisfaction and is a gentleman of great and tinished abilities. I hope to find you in good health and spirits at the session, And am most truly. Your obedient, very humble servant, Roiu-KT Admson. The Mr. Jackson here named had probably patronized Cliini(}uy in some way, and he may also have had a word of encouragement from General Hunter, whose loss is here regretted. The new Goverr.cr niust have been Gore, and the *' grand Judge' 'vas no doubt Judge Thorpe, who. strange to say. was a ' Reformer,' and whilst retaining his judicial character became a iiiember of the House of Assembly. It is amusing to read of the difference of sentiment prevailing " on this side of the water," that is the Niagara side of Lake Ontario, and that pre- vailing on " yours," that is the York side, where the feeling was perhaps less " liberal." I myself remember Mr. Addison very well. When a boy I have heard him repeatedly officiate in St. James' Church, at York. His o\'al, intellectual coimtenance and finished style of reading made a strong impression. In addition I particularl_, "emember observing him as he walked arrayed in his academic gown, bands and clerical hat from the church after the service, down King street to the Quetton St. George mansion, still standing entire on that street, and now occupied by the Canada Com- 3 pan\. He was there often entertained as a guest during his visits to York from Nia;,'ara, by Mr John Spreail Baldwin. Mr. Addison was chaplain to the House of Assembly, and used to come over to York and lemain there during the annual Session of Parliament. A formerly well known picture by W'estall, entitled "Going to Cluirch," exhibits the hgure of a clergyman which, to my mind, ;i''vays recalls the comely form of the iirst mistsiuuary at Niagara, as seen passing along King street in his canonicals, as just described. I have caused a photographic cop)- of Wesiall's picture, as shown in the illus- tration accompanying this paper to be made by N. C. Shorey, of Toronto, with an inscription ap pended, 'In Memoriam : Robert Addison. Mis- sionary, St. Mark's Church, Niagara, A.D. 1792 — A.D. 1829." Thecostu... of the parishioners, male and female, surrounding' .he pastor in West- all's picture is that wluch was in vogue among our U. E.'s and oth- 1 pioneer set* ''..is at the close of the last centuiy. At a h'ci- period Mr. Addison built a house for himself, styled by him " Lake Lodge," on '^ aT;' property aceiuired close to the town of Niagara, wherein, as might be expected from his schJarly instincts, a library soon accumulated iiround hi'^i. a con- siderable portion of wliich is still preserved as an heirloom in the parsonage attached to St. Mark's Church. We have in this library a de- posit of the solid Divinity common in English parsonages some sixty years since, including works by Warburton, Walter Land, Jeremy Taylor, John Jackson, Leslie, and so forth. Voluminous folio copies of Pool's " Synopsis," Bayle's " Critical Dictionary," and Clarendon's " History of The Great Rebellion," all likewise seem here to be remarkably in place. There is to be noted also a black letter quarto copy of the Geneva Version of the Bible, with the liturgy attached of the time of Charles the First. \^'// 10 With great appropriateness, at his decease in 1829, the mortal remains of Mr. Addison were deposited under the chancel of St. Mark's Church. It is curious to conjecture why the name of St. Mark should have been chosen as the desig- nation of the church at the mouth of the Niagara River ; there are not many churches distinguished by that name, but there is a very famous one, however, at Venice, of ancient foundation. Every one has heard of San Marco there, and the lion with which it is so conspicuously adorned. Early mediaeval sculp- tors and painters made, as we know, the lion to be an emblem of the Evangelist Saint Mark. Perhaps this figure, coinciding as it did with a popular emblem of Old England, may have taken the fancy of the loyal and patriotic first missionary here, and so he may have been induced to have attached to his church, when at last it rose from the ground a solid edifice of stone, the name of the saint whose symbol was the lion. Did not a lion holding a key symbolize Gibraltar ? And here too was an im- portant military post appertaining to Great Britain, guarding the entrance to a pass leading into the interior, into the very heart of the British possessions on this continent. A pleasing water color drawing of the stone St. Mark's Church of Mr. Addison's time is in existence. It shows a well-proportioned edifice of moderate size, an apse-shaped chancel with hipped roof over it, the rest of the root not steep but rather flat. There is a square tower sur- mounted by a bell turret with a graceful slender spire. On the whole it resembles in many pointsone of the French churches that one sees along the river in Lower Canada. Below, the broad Niagara is seen flowing placidly into Lake Ontario, and across on the point stands the old \ II 'i French fort, as it was before transformed by modern enlargements. In 1843 when tran- c:epts and a new chancel were added to the old St Mark's, the bell turret and spire were re- moved, and four pinnacles in their stead were placed at the angles of the square tower. 1 hese changes were made during the rectorship ot the Rev. Mr. Creen. Since then the whole interior has been re-arranged in accordance with ecclesiastical rules, as now well understood. This change has been made through the in- strumentalitv of the Ven. Archdeacon Mc- ^Slurray, who has also secured the erection ot a convenient school-house close by, as well as a handsome and most commodious parsonage house, in spacious grounds numediately adjoin- ing. During his incumbency likewise bt. Mark's was provided with a chime of bells, through the liberality, in 1874, of Walter Hamil- ton Dickson and John Geale Dickson, ot Niagara The Yen. Archdeacon McAIurray, who still survives, is the third rector since the foundation of the mission in 1792, Mr. Addison and Mr. Creen being his only predecessors. Few parishes in Canada can present a history so simple, so happily uninterrupted by vicissi- tudes, excepting those which are necessarily at- tendant on progress and miprovement. \ I ^