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 1 
 
MiaoCOfV RESOIUTION TBST CHART 
 
 (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART h4o 2) 
 
 A 
 
 ^PLIED IIVHGE I 
 
 1653 E<ul Mam 5lr«,l 
 
 Roch«»ttr, Ntw York U609 U<U 
 
 ("6) 482 - 0300 - Phon. 
 
 ("6) JM- 5989 - Fo, 
 
^ 
 
 ONTARIO PROVINCIAL ISLECTIONS, 1802 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
 
 Number of Farms in Ontario 175,000 
 
 Value of Farms in Ontario $1,000,000,000 
 
 Net Products of Ontario Farms, 
 
 190D $158,274,403 
 
 Grants for Agriculture, 1872 : $70,858 
 
 Grants for Agriculture, 1901 $275,422 
 
 Total Grants to Agriculture since 
 
 1872.... C5,142,226 
 
 In 190O 730 meetings of Farmers' Institutes 
 were held, attended by 131,653 persons. 
 
 The climatic conditions of the Province of Ontario are specially 
 favorable for agriculture in the widest sense of the term. The 
 soil is fertile and well watered. 
 
 As evidence of the room for agriculture on an extensive scale 
 the following comparisons may be noticed : — 
 
 Ana of the Province of Ontario 126,000,000 acrei 
 
 Area of Great Britain and Ireland 77, 4 '26,560 acrea 
 
 United area of Maine, New Hampahire, Vermont, 
 Maaaaehuaetti, Rhode Island, Connecticut, 
 New York, New Jeraey and Pennaylvania. ...103,721,600 acres 
 
 Area Under CvUtivation. 
 
 To show the present condition of our agricultural development, 
 the following figures are submitted : — 
 
 Area of the whole Proviuce 126,0i)0,000 acres 
 
 Nunbor of acres aarreyad 40,000,000 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
 ^ t;*; 
 
2 DEPARTMENT OF AGBICULTURE. 
 
 Numbar of acre* of farm lancUi MMMed 23,668,104 
 
 " cleared land 13,297,206 
 
 " " swamp, marah and waste 3,143,53$ 
 
 " " woodland 7,127,363 
 
 Capital Invested in Farm Lands, Buildings, Etc. 
 (From the latest report of the Bureau of Industries). 
 
 Value of farm lands f674,727,610 
 
 buUdin^s 219,488,370 
 
 " implements 57,324,130 
 
 " live stick : 123,274,821 
 
 Total 1974,814,931 
 
 These figures, show that capital to the extent of nearly 
 81,000,000,000 has been invested by the farmers of Ontario, on 
 which it is important that they should obtain a reasonable return. 
 
 The Improved Condition of Farmers. 
 
 That farming is being conducted on a more extensive scale 
 than formerly is evident from the table herewith given : — 
 
 . Farm lands have increased in value since 1897 by $20,673,000 
 
 Tho buildings used for farming purposes have increased 
 
 by 13,398,000 
 
 Farming implements by 6,025,000 
 
 Live stock by 29,625,000 
 
 The area under crop of all kinds (including pasture) has 
 
 also increased in the past four yeats by 129,603 acres 
 
 The increase since 1891 is 934,059 acres 
 
 Cheese Factories. 
 
 The following statement shows the growth of cheese factories 
 during the last 10 years : — 
 
 1890 1900 
 
 Number of cheese factories 817 1,173 
 
 Number of lbs. of cheese produced 79,364,713 127,789,643 
 
 Value of cheese produced $7,189,957 $13,023,025 
 
 Creameries. 
 
 The growth of creameries is as significant as the increase of 
 the cheese factories, as the following statistics show : — 
 
 1890 1900 
 
 Number of creameries 39 308 
 
 Number of lbs. of butter 1,398.680 9,041.4(i8 
 
 Value of butter produced $269,154 $1,81 9.290 
 
 (N.B. —These figures do not include home made or dairy butter). 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
 iU^l 
 

 
 I 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 3 
 
 Value of Field Crops for 1900. 
 The following table gives the production ejid estimated value 
 of the field crops for 1900 as compiled by the Bureau of Indus- 
 tries : — 
 
 Field Crapi. Bushels. Estimated V»lae. 
 
 Fall wheat 23,369,737 tl5,617,E06 
 
 Spring wheat 6,940,333 4,684,726 
 
 Barley 16,909,751 6,677,89» 
 
 Oats 89.693,327 23,768,732 
 
 Rye 2,367,635 1,143,453 
 
 Peas 14,058,198 8,027.231 
 
 Buckwheat 1,874,261 819,052 
 
 Beans 820,373 817,912 
 
 Potatoes 21,476,439 6,605,361 
 
 Mangel-wurzels 24,728,526 1,978,282 
 
 Carrots 3,469,123 433.640 
 
 Turnips 59,330,395 5,933 040 
 
 Corn for husking (in the ear) 27,093,661 8,688,669 
 
 Com for silo and fodder (green) tons 2,147,632 4,296,064 
 
 Hay and clover, tons 3,133,045 26,568,222 
 
 Apples, bushels 36,993.017 
 
 Total Value of Live Stock, Poultry, Eggs, etc., sold in 1900. 
 From the report of the Bureau of Industries, it is estimated 
 that the sale of stock for 1900 is as follows : — 
 
 Horses $3,774,480 
 
 Cattle 18,017,989 
 
 Sheep 2.872,609 
 
 Swine 15 800,799 
 
 Poultry 1,176.740 
 
 Eggs 2,860 000 
 
 Total 944,492,617 
 
 Grand Total Products of the Farms of Ontario for 1900. 
 The following is the estimated value of the total products of 
 the farms of Ontario for the year 1900 : — 
 
 Value of field crops 1114.768,761 
 
 " orchard and garden crops 12,000,000 
 
 " live stock sold 44,492,617 
 
 " cheese 13,023,026 
 
 " butter, creamery and dairy 8,600,000 
 
 " milk and cream •, 7,600,fiOO 
 
 " farm woodland products 16,000,000 
 
 " wool, flax, honey, hops, tobacco, etc., etc. . 3,000.000 
 
 $218,274,403 
 Less value of field crops fed to stock 60,000 000 
 
 Net products of the farms ..9158,274,403 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
4 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AOBICULTUBE. 
 
 Theae fijioret in the nuun have been compiled from return* made by the 
 farmers themseWea, and underestimate rawer than exceed the values in 
 some oases, as doubtless little regard is paid to those portions of products 
 that are consumed at home. An average production of only f 1,000 per 
 farm would amount to 9176,000,000. Some years ago the Dominion Stat- 
 iatioian estimated the value of the annual products of Oanadiau farms 
 at 9600,000.000, of which $250,000,000 came from Ontario. All things 
 considered, $200,000,009 may be considered as a fair valuation of all the 
 products of our farmers, fruit growers, and market gardeners. 
 
 Importance oj Agriculture. 
 
 From the preceding statements it is seen that the Department 
 of Agriculture has to deal with a capital investment by the far- 
 mers of the Province of $975,000,000, which, under existing con- 
 ditions, yielded last year over $158,000,000. Any improvement, 
 therefore, in the raising of live stock or in methods of agricul- 
 ture, whether applied to the farm, the dairy, or the orchard crops, 
 adds to the income of the farmera of Ontario, now numbering 
 about 175,000 persons. 
 
 Farmers' Institutes. 
 
 Farmers' Institutes were first established in 1885 and have 
 grown in importance every year since that date, as the following 
 
 t.*b^'} shows : — 
 
 No. of Total Cost No. of 
 
 Regular of Persons ia 
 
 Meetings. Institutes. Attendance. 
 
 1885 12 9 502 
 
 1890 77 5,387 
 
 1896 303 7.667 
 
 1896 666 10,522 102,461 
 
 1897 659 7,487 126,177 
 
 1898. 677 9,891 119,402 
 
 1899 715 11,187 138,982 
 
 1900 730 10,323 131,653 
 
 Comparison with the United States. 
 
 At a meeting held in Buffalo during the Pan-American Exhi- 
 bition, the value of Farmers' Institutes was discussed by leading 
 Americans. 
 
 The following references to the work carried on under the 
 Department of Agriculture in Ontario are worthy of considera- 
 tion : — 
 
 W. L. Hutchinson, Director of Farmers' Institutes in Missis- 
 sippi, at the close of the meeting of American Association of 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
 1^1 
 
 Nattona) Library 
 
 otCana<ia 
 
 Blbliom«que natlonale 
 du Canada 
 
Wi" 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AORICULTUBE. 6 
 
 Farmere' Institute Workers, made a special trip to Ontario to ex- 
 amine into the workings of our Farmers' Institute system. " I 
 have heard a great deal about your system," said Director Hutch- 
 inson to Superintendent Creelman, " and about the way you con- 
 duct your Institute work in this Province, and since I have at- 
 tended the convention at Buffalo and heard the reports from the 
 various States of the American Union, I am firmly convinced 
 that you have the best system for the management of Farmers' 
 Institutes now in vogue on this continent." Mr. Hutchinson 
 spent two days studying the details of the work, and expressed 
 his intention of adopting; our ideas, and establishing the work in 
 Mississippi upon our plau. 
 
 Prof. W, L. Amoss, of Maryland, also visited Ontario about the 
 same time with the same object in view. Mr. Amoss, after look- 
 ing into our system, expressed himself as being of the opinion 
 that Ontario had the best system of Farmers' Institutes, and was 
 doing more for the farmers oi Ontario than any other state on 
 the continent. " I shall as soon as possible," said Mr. Amoss, 
 " change my system so as to include many of the features of your 
 work." " Under no other system," said Mr. Amoss, " do I see'how 
 you could minister to the wants of the individual farmers as you 
 do by taking the meetings to the people and encouraging them 
 to take part in the discussions." 
 
 Prof. C. D. Smith, Superintendent of Farmers' Institutes for 
 the State of Michigan, in his address at the convention referred 
 to the Ontario system as the "mother system " of the State of 
 Michigan. " We have," said Mr. Smith, " adopted almost ii its 
 entirety the Ontario system of Farmers' Institutes. It works 
 well, and we propose to continue it along the lines laid down by 
 that Province." 
 
 " We find that the Institute speakers in Michigan as in Ontario 
 derive much benefit by coming in contact with the bright farm- 
 ers of the Stiate, and hence they frequently consent to attend In- 
 stitute meetings for remuneration much below what their time 
 would be worth at home. Ontario holds more meetings at smaller 
 expense than any other Institute system of which I have any 
 knowledge." 
 
 Comparative Statement. 
 
 Comparison between the amounts appropriated by the Legis- 
 lature of Ontario and certain States of the Union and the at- 
 tendance at Farmers' Institutes : — 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
6 DEPARTMENT OF AOBICULTURE. 
 
 Amount No. of 
 
 Appropriktad. MMtingi. Attendaaoe. 
 
 New Yoik $20,00000 300 76,000 
 
 Ohio 16,346 00 274 98,210 
 
 MinnMoto 13,C00 00 59 22,600 
 
 PenMTlvmia 12.500 00 308 60,000 
 
 WucoMin 12.000 00 127 66,000 
 
 Ontario (1899) 9,900 00 677 119,40a 
 
 The attendance at the meetings in the Province of Ontario 
 are not mere eatimates but from actual count. For 1901-2 ar- 
 rangement<» have been made for 740 meetings and the expendi- 
 ture is estimated at $11,000. 
 
 Dairy Schools. 
 
 In 1893 a Dairy School was established at the Agricultural 
 College, Guelph. In 3 895 the Government took over the East- 
 ern Ontario Dairy School at Kingston, and in the same year a 
 third was opened for Western Ontario at Strathroy. 
 
 The object of these schools is to give instruction by short 
 terms to farmers' sons and daughters in the manufacture of but- 
 ter and cheese. 
 
 Since their establishment these three schools have been attend- 
 ed by 1,616 persons. 
 
 The number at Guelph was 732 
 
 »« " "Kingston " 724 
 
 '« " "Strathroy" 175 
 
 The total expenditure on Dairy Schools, since their establish- 
 ment (lb93 to 1900), has amounted to $78,276. 
 
 Travelling Dairies. 
 
 For the purpose of diffusing as widely as practicable a better 
 knowledge of butter and cheese making, Travelling Dairies were 
 introduced in 1891, with the most satisfactory results. They 
 were continued every year until 1898. By this time the Dairy 
 Schools were in gtod working order and doing such good work 
 that it was thought advisable to discontinue the Travelling 
 Dairies. 
 
 Pioneer Farm in Algoma,. 
 
 In order to test the agricultural qualities of the soil and climate 
 of Algoma, the Minister of Agriculture established a pioneer farm 
 at Lake Wabigoon, half way between Port Ai thur and Winni- 
 peg. The success of this experiment has been phenomenal. Al- 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AQRICULTURE. 
 
 ready there are settlers in six townships, with a population, in- 
 dading the town of Dryiien, of 700 persons and 37,000 acres have 
 been located for settlement. 
 
 ExperiinerUal Fruit Stations. 
 
 In order to test the suitability of the different parts of the Pro- 
 vince for fruit Rowing, the Minister of Agriculture established 
 a number of Experimental Stations. Owing to the extent 
 of the Province and the different climatic conditions as 
 well as differences of soil, it was thought desirable to ascertain 
 with some degree of certainty what fruit would yield the best 
 results at different points of the Province. The report from the 
 different stations has greatly aided fruit growers in setting out 
 orchards adapted to these conditions, and thus greater certainty 
 has been secured and consequently greater profit in fruit grow- 
 ing. There are fifteen such fruit stations located in difierent 
 parts of the Province, including St. Joseph Island and Wabigoon, 
 in Algoma. 
 
 Agricultural Societies. 
 
 Agricultural Societies were first established in Outario in 
 1830. Their increase in the past 33 years is shewn as follows : — 
 
 1868. IWl. 
 
 District Societies 81 !tti 
 
 Township and Horticultural Societies 253 3-<3 
 
 Grants by the Legislature $ 54,074 $70,()50 
 
 Total grants to Agricultural Societies, 1868 to 187 1 216,113 
 
 " " " " 1872 to 1901 $1,932,725 
 
 Aid given to other Agricultural Associations siuce 1872.. 512,204 
 All other Purposes 2,709,588 
 
 Grand total aid to Agriculture since 1872 $5,154,517 
 
 Other Aaaociations. 
 
 The extent to which the Department of Agriculture encourages 
 the various industries committed to its care may be seen from 
 the following table : — 
 
 Grant in 1871. Grant in 1901. 
 
 Fruit Growers' Associatioa 9 500 9 1,800 
 
 Entomological Society 500 1,000 
 
 Eastern Dairymen's Association 4,000 
 
 Western Dairymen's Association 4,000 
 
 Can. Horse Breeders' Association 2,000 
 
 Dom. Sheep Breeders' Association 2,000 
 
 Dom. Swine Breeders' Association 2,0'JO 
 
 BUILD UP ONTAPIO 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGUICULTUUE. 
 
 Dom. Ckttle Braaden' AsMoUtion 
 
 Ont. Experimviital Union 
 
 Eaatern Unt Ponltzy AiaooUtion 
 
 Ont. Poultry Aasooution 
 
 Ont. Bee Keepeni' AnoeUtion 
 
 Agriculture and Arta Aatodation 10,000 
 
 2.000 
 1,400 
 lOOO 
 1,000 
 1,100 
 
 Total fll.OOO $23,300 
 
 The significance of these figures h best shown by the fact that 
 in 1871 there were only two Associations receiving aid from the 
 Government, outside the Agricultural Societies and the Pro- 
 vincial Fair, conducted by the Agriculture and Arts Association, 
 viz., the Fruitgrowers' Association, which received a grant of 
 S500, and the Entomological Society, which received a grant of 
 $500, or a total of $1,000 per annum, as compared with a total 
 of $23,300 per annum of the Liberal Government. 
 
 The Ontario Agricuitural College. 
 
 Hon. John Carling, while Minister of Agriculture, selected the 
 lands known as the Mimico farm as a site for an Agricultural 
 College which he proposed to establish. When the Liberals 
 came into power in 1872 this site was discarded as unsuitable to 
 the purpose, and what was regarded as a better site was chosen 
 in 1872 on what was known as the old Stone farm at G-uelph. 
 
 The College was first opened in November, 1874, with 28 
 students. The following statement shows the attendance, at in- 
 tervals of ten years, since 1884 : — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 i From 
 
 From 
 
 From 
 
 From 
 
 From 
 
 Total 
 
 Spe<'inl 
 
 
 
 otlicr 
 
 HritiKh 
 
 U8.A. 
 
 Ol hlT 
 
 No. of 
 
 Students 
 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 I»rovinceB 
 
 Inlex. 
 
 
 plliCCM. 
 
 Htudents. 
 
 Included. 
 
 1874... 
 
 23 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 _ 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 1884... 
 
 ; 120 
 
 32 
 
 32 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 188 
 
 26 
 
 1804... 
 
 1 242 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 283 
 
 103 
 
 1897... 
 
 ! 238 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 242 
 
 63 
 
 1898.... 
 
 323 
 
 17 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 323 
 
 110 
 
 1»00. . . 
 
 291 
 
 24 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 342 
 
 83 
 
 1901.... 
 
 297 
 
 29 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 23 
 
 347 
 
 81 
 
 Course of Instruction. 
 
 The College course of instruction consists of lectures by the 
 difleient Professors of the College, and of experimental work on 
 the farm. The staff consists of lecturers in the following sub- 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUHE. 
 
 9 
 
 jects: — Chemistry, Dairying, Veterinary Science, Physics and 
 Ensflish, Biology and Geology, Agriculture and Farming, Horti- 
 culture and Experiments, Bacteriology and Mathematics. A full 
 course consists of four years' instruction. Short courses have 
 been established in dairying, live stock judging and in poultry 
 work. Students who take the full course and pass the required 
 examination are awarded the Degree of B.S.A. (Bachelor of the 
 Science of Agriculture), by the University of Toronto. Since 
 the affiliation of the College with the University 178 students 
 have obtained this Degree. The attendance at the College dur- 
 ing the winter months of 1901-2 has been as foUovf : regular 
 course, 176 ; dairy courses, 85 ; poultry and domestic science 
 coui-se, 28 ; special live stock courses, 220. Total, 509. 
 
 Several of the graduates of the College are on the staflF of the Col- 
 lege and the Dairy Schools. The Superintendent of Farmers' 
 Institutes is a graduate. Several are engaged in agricultural 
 journalistic work. A few are filling important positions abroad, 
 but the demand at home for trained and well educated men is 
 increasing. 
 
 Many of the graduates are engaged in the work of Farmers' 
 Institutes and are among the most successful farmers and dairy- 
 men of the Province. 
 
 Experimental Work. 
 
 Experiments are carried on at what is known as the Experi- 
 mental Farm, in testing varieties of grains, grasses and roots, and 
 packages of grain are sent out to the farmers, when called for, 
 that they might conduct similar experiments on their own b«half. 
 
 In 1900, 3,354 farmers of the Province had experimental ploti 
 of grains and grasses, reports of which are sent to the Agricul- 
 tural College. There were also 709 experimenteri* in fruits. Ex- 
 periments are also conducted at the College in the feeding of cat- 
 tle, sheep, swine and poultry, the results of which appear in the 
 Annual Reports of the College. 
 
 Extenttiona of the College. 
 
 The original cost of the farm used as a site for the Agricultural 
 College, including barns and outhouses, was ?75,0?8. Sino* 
 that time there has been expended on model bar^s, on buildings 
 connected with the Dairy School, Assembly Hall and Gymnasium, 
 and Chemical Buildings, 8409,975 ; totul investment in buildings, 
 etc, f485,OI8. 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
r?i' 
 
 10 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AORICULTUBK. 
 
 OradvMtea o/ the Agricultural CoUege. 
 
 The question is often asked, What becomes of the students of 
 the Agricultural College ? Do they leave the Province ? Do 
 they go back to the farm ? The officers of the students' organ- 
 ization, the Experimental Union, have lately undertaken to com- 
 pile a list of the graduates of the College, and the following are 
 some of the results. In the years 1890-1900, 739 students passed 
 through the regular courses of the Institution ; of these 622 have 
 been located. 438 out >f the 622 are to-day living in Ontario ; 
 the other 117 being deceased or unlocated at present. Out of 
 the 622 no less than 429 are to-day engaged in agriculture in some 
 form. In other words, seventy per cent are to day resident in 
 the Province, and seventy per cent are engaged in the pursuit 
 for which the College is intended to equip them. It is a question 
 whether any other educational institution in Ontario can locate 
 seventy per cent of its graduates of the past ten years within 
 the limits of the Province. This, however, is certain, that no 
 other agricultural college in America can point out seventy per 
 cent, otits graduates as engaged in agriculture. 
 
 An American Opinion of the College. 
 
 Prof. W. L. Amoss, Director of Maryland Farmers' Institutes, 
 and Professor at the Maryland Agricultural College, on return- 
 ing from a visit to the O.A.C., at Guelph, writes to say :— • I shall 
 long entertain pleasant memories of my visit to Guelph. Dr. 
 Mills' institution is, I think, the best of the twelve I have visited 
 in the United States and Canada, /or educa^in^ Uie farmers son 
 for the farm. Each member of the Doctor's faculty seems to 
 thoroughly understand his work and to be doing all in his power 
 for the young men under his charge. The neatness of the place 
 is also very noticeable. I quite agree with the Doctor in keep- 
 ing before the students a high ideal in farming. In this respect, 
 when compared with some of our northern institutions of the 
 same kind, there is a very noticeable contrast" 
 
 Mr. Hart A. Maaaey'a Bequest. 
 
 In 1901 the trustees of the estate of the late Hart A. Massey 
 very generously undertook to erect a library and museum on the 
 college grounds in fulfilment of their late father's request that a 
 sum of money set apart in his will should be decised for )«ome 
 educational purpose. The buildings are all but completed and 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGKICULTURE. 
 
 11 
 
 will be a valuable addition to the equipment of the college. They 
 are estimated to cost $40,000. 
 
 The Macdonald Gift. 
 In addition to the Massey gift, reference should be made to 
 the magnificent proposal of Sir William Macdonald, of Montreal, 
 who has offered the Ontario Government 8125,000 for the erec- 
 tion of buildings at the Agricultural College, Guelph, for the 
 purposes of giving special instruction to rural school teachers in 
 agriculture, and also for giving instruction to young women of the 
 farm in domestic science. A suitable site has been purchased 
 adjacent to the college and plans are now being prepared. The 
 buildings will be erected this year. These gifts from two such 
 public-spirited, shrewd men of means, are the finest and most 
 substantial commendations ever paid to such an institution. 
 
 Coat of the College Work— l^QO. 
 College sUff uUuriea and expenses, leas revenue from students 131,374 
 Cost of farm, incinding experiments in the tield, the dairy, 
 the orchard and garden.instruction in the Dairy Schcul, 
 Poultry and Mechanical Departments, lets revenue 
 
 from the ..arm and dairy 24,ti66 
 
 Repairs and maintenance 4,975 
 
 Total cost »61,015 
 
 Having regard to the amount of capital invested in agriculture 
 and the value of our farm products, the sum of 861,015 is a very 
 moderate contribution for the education of the future farmers of 
 Ontario. 
 
 Expenditure for Agricidture siv^se 1872. 
 
 1872 1 70,858 
 
 1873 149,984 
 
 1874 109,316 
 
 1875 105.988 
 
 1876 lll,74« 
 
 1877 117,598 
 
 1878 111,«31 
 
 1879 106,090 
 
 1880 230,201 
 
 1881 190,6«« 
 
 1882 163,951 
 
 1883 16fi.640 
 
 1884 18n,696 
 
 188» 133,791 
 
 188« 162,201 
 
 1887 |147..'Jo8 
 
 18HH 151,610 
 
 1H89 186,446 
 
 1890 162,!>73 
 
 1891 18(},39«; 
 
 1892 218.427 
 
 1893 210,48;< 
 
 1H!>4 210,074 
 
 1895 240,724 
 
 18!t6 243,079 
 
 1897 198,767 
 
 1898 2;W,«31 
 
 '89S» 251,082 
 
 1900 2S9.640 
 
 1901 264,131 
 
 Total 15,142.220 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
<^«« » i B a MHI» te M«rJ>a tH,m«, 
 
 12 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AOBICULTtTRE. 
 
 ■ 'ii' 
 
 In the foregoing statement of expenditure for the various reaK 
 are included the following : Department of Agriculture (civil gor- 
 ernment), general agriculture (miscellaneous gmnts), maintenano* 
 of Agricultural College (under " Repairs and Maintenance," in 
 Public Accounts), and all expenditures on capital account at 
 Agricultural College (under " Public Buildings," in Public - u- 
 counts). The item based on Royal Commission Report (see p. Ii2 
 of this pamphlet), "Agriculture and Arts, $4,647,946.21," in- 
 cludes only che second lot of grants referred to in this note ue 
 "general agriculture." 
 
 What the Department of Agriculture has Done in the last 
 
 Ten Years. 
 
 1. Enlarged the course of study and investigation in the college 
 and farm. 
 
 2. Conducted for five years courses of instruction by means of 
 Travelling Dairies. 
 
 3. Established Dairy Schools at Guelph,Strathroyand Kingston. 
 
 4. Distributed reports and bulletins with respect to agriculture. 
 
 5. Established Farmers' Institutes, also Women's Institutes. 
 
 6. Established an extensive system of Experimental Fruit 
 
 st-^::-i8. 
 
 I mducted investigations in the dehorning of cattle, tuber- 
 culohis, and scale insects in fruit. 
 
 8. Conducted instruction of farmers and fruit growers in 
 spraying. 
 
 9. Established a Pioneer Farm in Algoma. 
 
 10. Appointed a Commi-ssioner to give instruction in good roads. 
 
 11. Assisted in the development of a large and very remunera- 
 tive trade in pure bred stock with Manitoba, Northwest Terri- 
 tories, British Columbia, Maritime Provinces and Newfoundland. 
 
 12. Inaugurated the mo8t successful Farmers' Fair in America 
 — the B'at Stock and Dairy Show held annually at Guelph. 
 
 Repo'-* <- nd Bvtlletint. 
 
 Within the last five y lie Department of Agriculture has 
 
 issued bulletins on the follow mg subjects : — 
 
 (1) Injurious insects. 
 
 (2) Instruction in spraying (several). 
 
 (3) Does it pay to spray ? 
 
 (4) Tuberculosis in cattle. 
 
 (.5) Plans for the construction of cheese and butter factories. 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 13 
 
 (6) Plans for the erection of cold storaf^ buildings. 
 
 (7) Experiments with wheat and other jpralns. 
 
 (8) Foul brood of bees. 
 
 (9) Sugar beets. 
 
 (10) Lists of books for farmers. 
 
 (11) The teaching of agriculture. 
 
 (12) The weeds of Ontario. 
 
 (13) The birds of Ontario. 
 
 (14) The San Jose Scale. 
 (16) The feeding of live stock. 
 
 (16) Lucerne. 
 
 (17) Farmyard manure. 
 
 (18) Dairy bulletins (several). 
 
 (19) Fumigation of nursery stock. 
 
 Reports. 
 
 The following reports are issued annually by the Depart- 
 ment : — 
 
 (1) Report of the Bureau of In Justries.including crop bulletins 
 in May, August and November. 
 
 (2) Ontario Agricultural College. 
 
 (3) Ontario Experimental Union. 
 
 (4) Entomological Society of Ontario. 
 
 (5) Fruit Growers' Association. 
 
 (6) Fruit Experiment Stations' Report. 
 
 (7) Dairy Report. 
 
 (8) Bee-Kee|)er8' Report. 
 
 (9) Poultry Associations' Report. 
 
 (10) Live Stock Associations' Report. 
 
 (11) Farmers' Institute Report. 
 
 (12) Report of Registrar of Live Stock. 
 
 Pan-American, 1901 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 The following is the statement of the prizes (wish, medals and 
 sweepstakes) won by Ontario live stock at the Pan-American 
 Exhibition at Buffalo in 1901. The exhibit was made under a 
 joint arrangement between the Dominion and Ontario Depart- 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
mm» 
 
 mmm 
 
 mimSttii 
 
 14 
 
 DEPABTHKNT OF AQBICUITURE. 
 
 meats of Agriculture. For comparison the statement includes 
 the winnings of live stock from other Canadian Provinoes and 
 also from the United States in the same classes in which our 
 stock competed. There were also, of course, prizes for other 
 classes in which Canadian Stock did not compete ; these are not 
 included in this statement. The colunm headed " All Canada " 
 includes Ontario. 
 
 Cattk. 
 
 Ontario. All Canada. United States. 
 
 Shorthorn $823 40 $1,001 60 '$418 40 
 
 Hereford* 345 00 740 00 
 
 Aberdeen-Angus 72 60 72 50 480 00 
 
 Galloways 212 50 212 50 277 50 
 
 (Guernseys 130 00 130 00 710 00 
 
 French Canadians 402 50 157 50 
 
 Ayrahires 22 60 430 00 130 00 
 
 Holsteins 412 50 412 50 930 00 
 
 Devons 35 00 35 00 625 00 
 
 Fat Cattle 60 00 110 00 
 
 $1,738 40 $3,151 60 $4,368 40 
 Sweepstakes. 
 In addition to the above Canada won eleven medals and sweep- 
 stakes prizes of which six came to Ontario, and the United 
 States won nine. Ontario entered 174 animals, the other Pro- 
 vinces of Canada 169, and the United States 546. 
 
 Sfieep. 
 
 Ontorio. All Canada. United States. 
 
 Southdowns $48 75 $257 50 $21187 
 
 Shropsbires 167 50 157 60 148 76 
 
 Leioesters 406 25 406 25 
 
 Linoolns 396 25 396 25 
 
 Oxford Downs 60 00 60 00 662 60 
 
 Hampshires 210 00 210 00 246 25 
 
 Dorset Homed 345 00 346 00 206 26 
 
 Yearling Rams 70 00 70 00 
 
 Best Fitted Flock 50 00 60 00 Silver Plate. 
 
 $1,743 75 $1,962 50 $1,365 62 
 
 Sweepstakes. 
 Canada won six medals and sweepstakes, of which five came 
 to Ontario, and the United States seven. 
 
 There were 401 entries from Canada, of which 344 were from 
 Ontario ; there were 261 from U. S. Canada did not compete 
 in Merinos and Cotswolds. 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AORICULTURE. 
 
 15 
 
 Swine. 
 
 Ontario. All Canada. United State*. 
 
 BerkshirM ^70 00 9 70 00 $140 00 
 
 YorkriiirM 173 76 173 76 18 75 
 
 Tamwortha 203 75 203 75 6 25 
 
 9 447 50 f 447 60 9 166 00 
 
 All the Canadian prizes in the above three classes came to 
 Ontario. 
 
 Ontario also won four medals and the United States one in 
 
 the above classes. Ontario entered 121 animals, the United 
 States 136. 
 
 Horaea. 
 
 Ontario. All Canada. United States. 
 
 Clydesdales 8357 50 8305 00 
 
 Shires 127 50 127 50 
 
 Thoroughbreds 37 50 87 50 
 
 French Canadians 40 00 225 00 
 
 Hackneys 105 00 106 00 535 00 
 
 Standard Bred 82 60 82 50 322 60 
 
 f 750 00 
 
 >Ji,022 50 
 
 $ 867 50 
 
 Sweepstakes. 
 
 The medal for best mare of any breed oame to Ontario. Ohio 
 got the medal for best stallion. Ontario won two other medals 
 also. It will be seen that in the heavy horses Ontario carried off 
 the honors. 
 
 Poultry. 
 
 The results of the competition in poultry have not yet been 
 published in complete form — the results are approximately as 
 follows : Ontario entered 1,000 birds and captured $1,100.00 in 
 prizes; the United States entered 2,000 birds and captured 
 $1,200.00. 
 
 Summary qf Prizes. 
 
 Ontario. All Canada. United States. 
 
 Cattle f 1,738 40 $3,16160 84,368 40 
 
 Sheep 1,743 75 1,952 50 1,365 62 
 
 Swine 447 5« 447 50 16ft 00 
 
 Horses 780 00 1,022 60 867*60 
 
 Poultry 1,100 00 1,100 00 1,200 00 
 
 8 5,979 65 8 7,674 10 8 7,958 K 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
f' % 
 
 16 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AORICVLTITRE. 
 
 Sweepatakea — (Medala\ 
 
 Ontario. All Canada. United States. 
 
 Cattle 6 11 9 
 
 Sheep 6 7 8 
 
 Swine 4 4 1 
 
 Hones 3 3 1 
 
 19 25 1S> 
 
 Horticulture. 
 The Ontario exhibit received a silver medal for installation. 
 The only other country receiving similar recognition was the 
 State of California. The Ontario exhibit received the gold medal 
 for "general display of fruits of superior excellence." New York 
 State excelled us in quantity, that is in number of varieties of 
 fruits, but Ontario stood first in quality. The following state- 
 ment shows how well our exhibit stood. We got awards in all 
 classes of fruits, the most noteworthy being in connection with 
 apples of 1900 held over in cold storage. 
 
 Gold Silver Bronze Honorable 
 
 Medals. Medal*. Medals. Mention. 
 
 New York 42 47 103 173 
 
 Ontario . . 20 33 38 89 
 
 Oregon 12 11 40 14 
 
 Washington 12 11 16 17 
 
 Illinois 12 5 20 14 
 
 Michigan 5 10 18 26 
 
 Missouri 8 2 82 3 
 
 Florida 7 6 5 
 
 Califemia 6 3 6 8 
 
 AU others 25 27 132 116 
 
 The exhibit of flowers made by individual floriculturists of 
 Ontario attracted a great deal of attention. Two gold medals 
 cwo silver medals, three bronze medals and one honorable men- 
 tion came to Ontirio. 
 
 THE DAIRY. 
 
 Model Dairy. 
 A six months' test was carried on from May 1st to October 
 31st Ten herds of five cows each were entered. Of these ten 
 herds five came from Canada (Ontario ana Quebec). It was a 
 t«st of breeds Four competitions were considered. In two cases 
 United Statss herds stood first and in two Canadian. 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
DEPARTHKNT OF AGBICULTURE. 
 
 17 
 
 Cheese and Butter. . 
 
 Ontario entries were made in two competitions, June product 
 and September product. These exhibits were Bent forward by 
 the Western Dairymen's Association acting under arrangement 
 with the Ontario Department of Agriculture. 
 
 In all cases our export cheese has scored high and the only 
 gold medal awarded for cheese was made to Ontario. 
 
 In butter we took second place, New York and Wisconsin 
 alone scoring higher than Ontario. 
 
 The Dairymen's Association was awarded a silver medal, in 
 addition to the gold medal to the Province. 
 
 Honey. 
 
 The Department of Agriculture arranged with the Ontario 
 Beekeepers' Association for a display of honey. To this exhibit 
 was awarded a gold medal, the only gold medal awarded for 
 honey. The only other gold medal awarded in this department 
 was to one of the States for an exhibit of working bees. 
 
 Forestry. 
 
 The Ontario Bureau of Forestry received a silver medal for 
 general forestry products. Two silver medals and three bronze 
 medals were awarded to individual exhibitors, and there were 
 nine " honorable mentions." 
 
 Minerals. 
 
 Twenty-one awards in all were gianted to the Ontario exhibit 
 as follows : — three gold medals, seven silver medals, six bronze 
 and five " honorable mentions." 
 
 The exhibit as a whole wa.s awarded a gold medal as a dis|)lay 
 of " economic ore4 and minerals, maps and photographs illustra- 
 tive of the mineral resources of Ontario." Maryland was the 
 only State of the Union obtaining a gold medal for a like dis- 
 play, most of the other exhibiting States receiving silver medals, 
 only some of them bronze. Bolivia, Chili, Brazil and Mexico 
 also obtained gold medals for similar exhibits. 
 
 A gold medal was awarded Ontario for installation of the ex- 
 hibit, the only one of the kind granted in tho Mines Building. 
 
 " Installation " includes aim and scope of display as well as 
 effectiveness and appropriateness of arrangement and decora- 
 tion, etc. 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
^fiiiPM* 
 
 -■-amMJOM ■MiKMMrm.Bma. 
 
 18 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AQWCULTURE. 
 
 »,• S^ I'^^^S *** **'®^ *''°' * **»''^** fio^** °»e«W was adjudgwi the 
 Mica Boiler Covering CJompany, of Toronto and Montreal, for the 
 ments of their boiler and steam pipe covering as comjiared with 
 those of magnesia, asbestos and other materials used for a like 
 purpose. 
 
 Archeology, 
 
 The exhibit made by the Department of Education in the 
 Department of Archeology was awarded a silver medal. 
 
 Legislation. 
 The Legislation of the past twenty years in respect to agricul- 
 ture has been well considered, progressive and up to date. Many 
 ^ts.such as those referring to municipal matters, deal with rural 
 affairs quite as fully as with town and city life. There are many 
 Acts, however, that refer to the farming classes only. The fol- 
 lowing is a brief statement of the most important legislation in 
 behalf of agriculture : 
 
 1888. An Act retpeeting the Minister of Agriculture, Department of 
 
 Agriculture and other Industries. 
 1888. An Act to provide for the incorporation of Cheese and BuUvr 
 
 Manufacturing Astociations. 
 1888. An Act respecting Creameries. 
 
 1888. An Act to provide against fraud in the supplying of Milk to 
 
 Cheese or Butter Manufacturers. 
 
 1889. An Act to prevent the spread of Contagious Diseases among Horsu 
 
 and other Domestic Animals. 
 1889. An A<f Jor the protection of Insectivorous and other Birds. 
 
 1889. An Act to amend t/ie Act to prevent the spread of Noxious Weeds 
 
 and of Diseases affecting Fruit Trees. ' 
 
 1890. An Act to impose a Tax on Dogs and for the protection of Sheep. 
 1890. An Act to make further provision for preventing the spread of 
 
 Contagious Diseases among Horses. 
 
 1890. An Act for the suppression of Foul Brood among Bees. 
 
 1891. An Act to amend the Agriculture and Arte Act. 
 
 1891. An Act to am^nd the Act to prevent the spread of Noxious Weeds 
 and of Dineases affecting Fruit Trees. 
 
 1891. An Act to encourage the Breeding of Trotting Horses. 
 
 1892, An Act for the further protection of Bees. 
 
 1892. An Act to amend the Act providing againstfrauds in the supply- 
 tng of Milk to Cheese or Butter Manufactories. 
 
 1892. An Act to amend the Act to impose a Tax on Dogs and for the 
 protection of Sheep. 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
DBPABTMINT OF AaKICULTURE. 
 
 19 
 
 1895. 
 1895. 
 1895. 
 1895, 
 
 1896. 
 
 ]tll i*" ^"f f "TI^ the Act to ene<»*rage the dulroying of WolvtB. 
 I»»3. An Act for the better prevention of certain Diseases affecting Fruit 
 
 1893. An Act to amend the Act to impose a Tax on Dogs and for the 
 protection of Sheep. 
 
 1893. An Act to prevent fraud in tfte Sale of Milk. 
 
 1894. An Act to amend the Agriculture and Arts Act. 
 
 1894. An Act to amend the Act providing against frauds in the supply. 
 tng ofMtlk to Cheese and Butter Manufactories. 
 
 An Act respecting the Department of Agriculture. 
 
 An Act to consolidate and amend tlie Agriculture and Arts Act 
 
 An Act respecting Veterinary Surgeons. 
 
 An Act respecting Cheese and Butter Manufacturing Associa- 
 tions. 
 
 1 Do<! ^" i'^' ^ '^^'^ '^ ^'^^ respecting Veterinary Surgeons. 
 
 lB»b. An Act remsxng and consolidating the Act* foe^icourage the Plant- 
 ing and Grounng of Trees. 
 
 loo-' ^^ '^'" respecting the Inspectors of Fruit Trees. 
 
 189,. An Act to further improve the Act respecting the Department of 
 Agriculture. 
 
 iaQ7" **" ■^*" to amend t/ie Agricultural and Arts Act, 1S95. 
 
 1897. An Act to amend the Act respecting Cheese and Butter Manui 
 turtng Associations. 
 
 ]lll'l' ^^ '^"^ to prevent the spread of the San Jos^ Scale. 
 
 1897-8. An Act to prevent Gambling and Games of Chance at Agricul- 
 tural Exhibitions. 
 
 1899. An Act to amsnd the Act respecting Cheese and Butter Manufac- 
 
 turing Associations and Companies. 
 Jf oq" ^" '**^' respecting Cheese and Butter Exchanges. 
 lonn' ^^ ^^* to further improve the San Jos^ Scale Act. 
 
 1900. An Act respecting Provincial Aid towards the establishment o. 
 Municipal Cold Storage Buildings. 
 
 An Act to ameiui the Act respecting CIteese and Butter Manufac- 
 turing Associations and Companies. 
 
 An Act to provide for the incorporation of Co-operative Cold Stor- 
 age Associations. 
 
 An Act to amend the San Jos^ Scale Act. 
 
 An Act for the prevention and destruction of certain Noxious In- 
 sects. 
 
 An Act respecting the Barberry Shrub. 
 
 An Act to amend tlie Agriculture and Arts Act. 
 
 An Act respecting the encouragement of the Sugar Beet Industry. 
 
 1900. 
 
 19G0. 
 
 1900. 
 1900. 
 
 1900. 
 1901. 
 1901. 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
••mifmf 
 
 20 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AORICULTURK 
 
 Mr. Whitney and Ag:riculture 
 
 Mr. Whitney in his speech at the Victoria Hall claimed that 
 Sir John Macdonald had really suggested Agricultural Schools in 
 the early forties. From an examination of the Journals of the 
 old Parliament of Canada it appears that the first suggestion for 
 a course in Agriculture came from the Agricultural Societies of 
 the Province, the proposal being the establishment of a Chair of 
 Agriculture in the University. No actio", was taken with 
 regard to these petitions until 1849, when provision was made 
 by Robert Baldwin in the University Act of that year for the 
 establishment of a Chair of Agriculture and authority given to 
 the Commissioners appointed under tho Act " to consider and 
 report upon the best means of making the Chair of Agriculture 
 established in the University more effective and useful." Sir 
 John, then leading the Opposition in the House, had an alterna- 
 tive scheme in which the subject of agricultural instruction was 
 included, but like Mr. Whitney's amendments and speeches, it 
 was an afterthought. The real leader in agricultural education 
 was the Hon. Robert Baldwin, and the first Act upon the Stat- 
 ute book, looking to that end was introduced by him into the 
 Legislature and carried through in face of the opposition of Sir 
 John Macdonald and his Conservative allies, just as progressive 
 legislation is now carried through in spite of Mr. Whitney and 
 his rtllies. It is rather instructive to notice how history repeats 
 Itself. 
 
 Miniater of Agriculture. 
 
 Then in 1868, or about twenty years after the establishment 
 of a Chair of Agriculture in the University, Sir John Carling 
 proposed, very properly, the establishment of an Agricultural 
 College, which was the natural evolution of Mr. Baldwin's origi- 
 nal idea. In order to make the instruction in Agriculture still 
 more effective, twenty years later or on the 23rd of February, 
 1888, Sir Oliver Mowat moved the second reading of a Bill for 
 the appointment of a Minister of Agriculture. In the course of 
 his speech, among other things, he said : " By this Bill it is pro- 
 posed hereafter to place in the hands of a Minist • specially and 
 exclusivtly all subjects relating to Agriculture and such matters 
 as are connected therewith." This language is so explicit as to 
 leave no doubt respecting the intentions of the Government. In 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
DEPAIITMENT OF AGRICUI.TUUK. 
 
 21 
 
 opposing this Bill Mr. Meredith said " ],e did not dispute the im- 
 portance of giving attention to agricultural matters, or oppose 
 the appointment of a Commissioner of Agriculture, but he en- 
 tered his protest against the increase of expenditure which must 
 result from the addition of another Member to the Cabinet and 
 the provision of machinery of a department to be carried on as 
 proposed. He did not know why the gentleman to be brought 
 in, a farmer, should not take charge oi the finances of the Pro- 
 vince as well as the Department of Agriculture." The Mail of 
 the same date, in commenting on the proceedings of the House, 
 summed up Mr. Meredith's opposition to the Government meas- 
 ure m these words : " There was nothing to show why any one 
 of thfe present Members of the Cabinet should not conduct the 
 Department of Agriculture, as had been done in past years." 
 
 It is quite evident, therefore, that the Opposition did not 
 favor the appointment of a Minister of Agriculture, but that on 
 the contrary, they believe'^" that the farming interests would' be 
 sufficiently served by atta.. .ig the duties which such a Minis- 
 ter would be expected to c ^charge to some other Department 
 ot the Government. 
 
 Mr. Meredith's Amendment. 
 
 On the third reading of the Bill, which tookplace on the 20th 
 t March, Mr. Meredith moved an amendment : — 
 
 " That while this House concurs in the proposition to give 
 greater attention to the agricultural interests of the Province, it 
 IS of opinion that that end can be attained without incurring the 
 expense of having an additional Member of the Cabinet, and that 
 the Bill be referred back to Committee of the Whole with in- 
 structions to strike out the third section." 
 
 The third section of the Bill provided for increasing the 
 Government from five members to six members, so as to admit 
 of the appointment of a Minister of Agriculture, and reads as 
 follows .—III. The Act respecting the Executive Council is fur- 
 ther amended so far as the same restricts the Executive Council 
 to SIX members. 
 
 Uoiv Mr. Whitney Voted. 
 
 The intention of Mr. Meredith's motion, confirmed by his 
 speech as reported in the Mail and by the comments of the Mail 
 as well, cannot be questioned, and means his distinct and un- 
 qualified opposition to the Minister of Agriculture. For this 
 
 BUILD UP ONIARIO 
 
I' 
 
 tOMH 
 
 22 
 
 DEPABTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 motion Mr. Whitney and the whole Conservative Party voted, 
 and yet in the face of the Journals of the House and the speeches 
 of his friends he said in his address atA^ictoria Hall : " Some 
 people with more audacity than common sense will tell you that 
 Mr. Whitney and other gentlemen in the Legislature of the Con- 
 servative persuasion voted against the creation of the Minister of 
 Agriculture. That is a direct, deliberate, and absolute falsehood, 
 known to bo such by those who utter it." 
 
 Travelling Dairies. 
 
 la the same speech Mr. Whitney made the following state- 
 r^ent : " My good friend, Mr. Andrew Broder, who preceded me 
 in the representation of Dundas in the Legislature, was the first 
 man to propose in the Legislature of Ontario the establishment 
 of the Travelling Dairy which was adopted by the Government, 
 and through which they gained more or less popularity in the 
 Province." The Debates of Parliament during the time Mr. 
 Broder held a seat in the House, as reported in the Globe and 
 Mail, have been searched in vain for any utterance by Mr. 
 Broder that would warrant Mr. Whitney to say that he ( Mr. 
 Broder) suggested the establishment of a Travelling Dairy. 
 
 Mr. Whitney claims that in a speech delivered in the House 
 in 1888, he favored the establishment of a course of lectures on 
 agricultural subjects for a couple of weeks by graduate.s of the 
 Agricultural College, which would pave the way for a system of 
 agricultural schools, and now adds that he is in favor of more 
 than one and more than four or five agricultural schools in the 
 Province. Thirteen years have passed and three geuL'ral elec- 
 tions have been held without a word being said about the neces- 
 sity of increasing the number of Agricultural Schools in Ontario. 
 On the eve of a general election he makes the discovery that 
 additional agricultural schools are required. 
 
 Additional AgricvUtural Colleges. 
 
 If Mr. Whitney was so anxious about the improvement of 
 agriculture, how is it that he has been voting almost constantly 
 against the measures of the Qovemmcnt for that purpose. 
 
 Mr. Whitney's Record on AgiHeulture. 
 
 In the Session of 1893 (see page 196 of the Journals) Mr. Mar- 
 ter moved, seconded by Mr, Kerns, " that the resolution respecting 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 23 
 
 grant in aid of agriculture be not now concurred in, but be forth- 
 with referred back to a Committee of the Whole House with in- 
 structions to "/.like out the proposed vote of $1,500 for the salary 
 of an assistant in the Department of Natural History, Librarian, 
 etc., for the Ontario Agricultural College." Mr. Whitney is anx- 
 ious for more than four or five Agricultural Schools now, but in 
 1893—8 year? ago— when the Government asked the small sum 
 of $1,500 to improve the instruction in Natural History and for 
 the better management of the Library, Mr. Whitney voted 
 against this grant. 
 
 Proposed Grant to Poultry Association. 
 In 1897 (see Journals, 152) Mr. Carnegie moved, seconded by 
 Mr. Kidd, " that the resolution respecting grants in aid of agricul- 
 ture be not now concurred in, but be forthwith referred back to 
 the Committee of Supply with instructions to reduce the item by 
 $2,000 for the farm proper of Agricultural College, and $1,400 to 
 the Poultry Association of Ontario. If Mr. Whitney had his way 
 both of tDette items would be struck out and the Poultry Asso- 
 ciations of Ontario, which are doing such splendid work for im- 
 proving the breeds of poultry, would be crippled in their efforts. 
 The importance of the egg industry is shown in the exports hav- 
 ing reached a value of $l,4o7,000. 
 
 Opposed the Algoma Pioneer Farm and Western Dairy School, etc. 
 
 In the Session of 1899 (see Journals, page 264) Mr. Carnegie 
 moved, seconded by Mr. Little, "that the resolution (respecting 
 grants in aid of agriculture) be not now concurred in, but be 
 forthwith referred back to the Committee of Supply with instruc- 
 tions to reduce the item by $8,100, being $2,5(j"0 voted for in- 
 structions in fruit spraying, $1,000 Pioneer Dairy Farm and 
 $2,600 Western Dairy School, and ^2,000 reduction in vote for 
 prmting.' Hert, again, Mr. Whitney proved himself to be an 
 obstructionist in the development of our agricultural interests. 
 
 Opposed th. Appointment of a Rood Commissioner. 
 Closely allied with the devolopment of Agriculture may be 
 placed the improvement of our highways. In 189(5 the Govern- 
 ment placed the item of $1,500 in the Estimates for the salary of 
 a Provincial Highway Commissioner whose dut) it would be to 
 direct and instruct Municipal Councils in improved methods of 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO 
 
f r 
 
 24 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICvLTUBE. 
 
 constructing public highways. In many parts of the country, 
 owmg to the character of the roads; farmers were unable to bring 
 their goods to market often at times when prices were most 
 favorable. It was also found that the woik done by Statute La- 
 bor was unsatisfactory, and although about $4,000,000 a year 
 were spent on highways in the Province, the results were far from 
 satisfactory. Instead of accepting the progressive policy propos- 
 ed by the Government, Mr. Whitney, with the other Conserva- 
 tive members of ^he House, opposed it strenuously and voted for 
 the following motion (see page 185, Journals) : 
 
 Moved b^ Mr. Meacham and seconded by Mr. Magwood, " that 
 this House \ iows with alarm the tendency of the Government to 
 create new offices and is of the opinion that the office of Provin- 
 cial Highway Commissioner with a salary of $1,500, exclusive of 
 expenses, is unnecessary and places an additional and useless 
 burden on the Province." 
 
 Although it is only five years since this office was first created, 
 the example of the Province of Ontario has been followed in the 
 Province of Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick without 
 any opposition, as far as known, from the Conservatives in any 
 of these Provinces. 
 
 Opposed the Appointment of a Drainage Referee. 
 
 No one can overestimate the importance to the farmers of 
 Ontario in a simple but efficient system of Drainage laws. Many 
 millions of dollars in value have already been added to the farm 
 landsinnearly every County in the Province by the facilities 
 artorded by the Government for drainage. For this purpose 
 the municipalities in Ontario have borrowed $1,500,000 from the 
 Province, the greater part at the low rate of 4J%, besides three 
 or four times that sum raised by taxation or borrowed otherwise 
 The drainage of lands involved difficulties which frequently led 
 to litigation which was both tedious and expensive. In order 
 to avoid delays and save expense, the Government proposed the 
 apponitment of a Drainage Referee, before whom disputes might 
 be brought and a cheap and speedy settlement obtained. 
 
 In 1891 the Government proposed dealing with tlie Drainage 
 laws that had grown up from year to year previous to that time 
 and among other clauses the Bill contained a clause for the ap-' 
 pointm3nt of a Drainage Referee. On the motion for the third 
 reading of the Bill, Mr. Meredith moved in amendment that the 
 clause for the appointment of a Drainage Referee be struck out, 
 
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DBPABTMENT OF AGBICULTUBE. 25 
 
 ALr^'^^o^""- v^^il"®^*?** ^^« Conaervative friends voted. 
 Again m 1899, when the Estimates for that year were before the 
 House It was proposed to strike out the sum of 83,500, bein<r the 
 sum asked for the salaiy of the Drainage Ref;ree for this 
 motion also Mr. Whitney and his Conservative friends voted 
 
 Opposed the Appointment of a Municipal Auditor. 
 In 1897 a return showing the defalcations and losses incurred 
 by municipalities between 1871 and 1891 was laid before the 
 Legislature, from which the following summary has been made : 
 
 njHB. Defalcation*. Losses. 
 
 fown.-.;.V.V.- •^f'?^^ «23,000 
 
 Countioa "*'•*' ° 3,464 
 
 lowMhips 6493, 32'g23 
 
 '^"**' «273,754 $111,681 
 
 These defalcations arose partly from the want of a p. ^e. audit 
 of accounts and partly from defective methods of b<iok-, pins 
 KnJ?>r*°V r ^T'^.^l^ to di'-ect Municipal Treasure.., as to 
 
 offilr^ J^^SV^'^b'*^ ^ .^?P*' 't ^^'^ P'-oposed to appoint an 
 officer to be called a Provincial Municipal Auditor, at a salary o° 
 
 THE BEET SUGAR BONUS. 
 
 MR. MARTEB ON MR. BOVD's AMENDMENT TO THE BEET .SUGAR 
 
 BONUS. 
 
 The amendment regretted that no bonus was to be i/iven 
 tW S^^n^^'nTr (?'^- April 11. 1901). Mr. Marte?sl!3 
 that It appeared to him that the lK.nus asked for in the amend- 
 ment was quite uncalled for. He could undei^tand that a new 
 industry of thu kind just being launched required a bonus. If 
 
 t.Tn'^T ^'u ' f P^'^u* •* ''^" ^*"' beet«, and will not say it 
 mil not Uke beets There will be competition in this as^in 
 everything else, and competition would regulate the industry 
 
 shonTn aT- tl ""^ ^ «'• * *'*'■> •'"'^ t*' «»y that the farmed 
 should get a bonus was going too far. (Ministeral applause.) 
 
 BUILD UP ONTARIO