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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., pauvent §tre film6s d des taux de r6duction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Stre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les dia-jrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. n 32 X 1 2 3 4 5 6 s H Pi Rl TORONTO: ITS HISTORY AND INSTITUTIONS. l-^MBRACrNCJ mnmk, ma Mlm,, imstm, fflranj,, 't I'jittiias. PRICIl 25 CENTS. TORONTO K'CHARDSON 4 PUNCHARO 2 TORONTO STREET. c ^ ■ % CONTENTS. ;T<.ronto: Its Karly History. Growth, an/'"" Future Prospects - Masonry in Canada oo oo List of Gi-and OfHcer.s ., ■ ■ 01 Royal Arch Masons -„ oa Ark Mariners 68 Cryptic Masonry . . 54 Bed Cross of Kome and Constantine . . . . 60 Ancient and Accepted Scottisl, lU^ht . . . . 60 Independent Order of Odd Fellows 63 Canadian Order of Odd Fellows, M. U 77 Ancient Order of Foresters o< o4 Loyal Orange Society of Britisli America . . 87 Temperance Societies Literary Societies 93 Knights of Pythias £TI TORONTO : ITS EARLY HISTORY, GROWTH, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS. It IS, of course, imposaible in the llmitea space of jnAnnnal to give more than a sketch, necessarily ^riet, of the topography of our fair city. Any defi- ciency or imperfection of detail will therefore, for this reason, we hope, be leniently overlooked. With- out being verbose, we shall endeavor to furnish such ^formation in nucleus form, as the scanty material jre have at hand will allow ; and, addressing? only lihe general reader and the stranger, we purpose to SllusWely^''''*''^'''''^ "'*"''" "' "^'*^- interest ///m ^ Toronto,-^" place of meeting,'* or "trees rising out of the water/'-such is the name by which the Queen City of Upper Canada is knowi^ by a^ the present day. But it was not until the year 1834 that this beautiful and sonorous name was given to Jn ,. J ^ «^ '*' enterprising founder, Colonel John Graves Simcoe, who substituted that loya jame for the Indian appellative Toronto, which as "the place of meeting" consisted then of an old French fort, erected in 1686, and the rude wigwams Of a few migratory Indians, is by no means rba ^'^prTslt'dlf; ^"^^.t' "^^^^ ^' cTuTcW' o? me present day In the reports of grievances •^d'^X FnTJ^^^r .^r-°^ settlers fn Canada S^me o? Tn/ r^ '°^'"^'*« ?^ Massachusetts, the *ff! 1? .^?^-''"*** f"^^*^' «« ^^^ l^ack as 1686 and , At that time « dense and trackless forests lined 6 HISTORY OF TORONTO. the margin of the hike, and reflected their images in Its ghissy surface ; the wandering savage luid con- structed hia ephemeral Inibitation beneath their iux- uriant fohage,— the group then consisted of two lamihes of Mississagas,— and the bay and neighbor- in.ir marshes were the hitherto uninvaded haunts of immonso coveys of wild fowl." Such was Toronto in 1708, " an unhealthy locality, better fitted for a iro-^ pond or a beaver meadow than for the residence o] human benigs." Lieutenant-General John Graves Snncoo, who had been holding his parliament (such as It was) at Newark,— the present Niagara,- was dissatisfied with its imi.olitic proximity to tlio already-threatening American frontier ; and in the sprini; of 1791 he commenced a survey of the norlli- west shores of Lake Ontario, with a view of obtain- ing a more eligible site for the future capital. 'J^ho beautiful b:isin of Toronto attracted his sagacious attention from the first, and undaunted bv tJie un- tamed aspect of the country, which he nevertheless saw offered unequalled advantages for tlie carryiutr out of his intentions. Governor Simcoe directed" the first tree to be felled, and tlie lines to be run which would mark out the bounaaries of the future Citv of the Lakes. All this only three-quarters of a century ago,— nn average man's lifetime. A wilderness then : now i prosperous city of (50,000 people, with a rich sur- rounding country to boot. J3ut we owe our present proud position no less to the important natural position Mdiich the city occupies, than to the enli-^ht- ened foresight of our first Lieutenant-Governor, who founded it. With the true sagacity of a practical man, he perceived that in order to promote the earlv and rapid settlement of Upper Canada it would be necessary to make a breach in the forests at three separate and distinct points, leaving to the operation ol time the filling up of the intermediate districts of country. Governor Simcoe had potent reasons for hxmg upon the present site of Toronto as the seat of " ins colonial capital; and we, seventy-seven years '■ after, have also potent reasons for believing he was * f ...jCouni ,L60ll. ocl their images in • Kiivage liiitl eon- beuejitli llit'ir iux- consisted of two Iniy and ni'ighbor- nvaded haunts of ch was Toronto in ir fitted for a frog • the residence of sral John Graves parliament (such 'nt Niagara,— was a-oximity to the itier ; and in the rvey of the nortii- a view of obtain- ire capital. Tlio :ed his sagacious anted by tJie un- h he nevertheless { for tlie carrying iK'oe directed tlio to be run which he future City of century ago,^ — au CSS then : now ;i with a rich snr- owe our present iportant natural .n to the enlight- it-Governor, who ty of a i)racticiil romotc the early lada it would be forests at three to the operation iiate districts of tent reasons for to as the seat of nty-seven years eliieving he was niSTORY OP TORONTO. 7 not by any means mistaken in his shrewd calcula- tions bituatca at the head of the great land porta<'0 ^ lymg between Lakes Ontario and Huron, ./V, I.ako , bmicoe ho foresaw that as that route must ultimate- .ly be the principal highway of commerce to the , broad waters of the upper lakes, and thence to the ; west, a city at its southern termination could not fail ,, to be mfluential and prosperous. Then, he was alive m those stirring times to the advisabihty of fixinc^ the commercial capital sufficiently distant from* tho li-ontier lines of the province to prevent the growth of those irritable and jealous feelings so destructive . to commercial prosperity, which a^nearer proximity to the powerful Republic might engender He had no cause to regret his removal from irrv/n' F"'^""^ ^'^^^°"'-' containing a^ , abundant depth of water, afforded protection to lake -vessels of every tonnage, and would thus ensure t e permanent growth, as well as form the basis of 1 .prospenty of the future city. Prophetically ce^^tl ■ ,01 these advantages, he took httle heed of the minor *ite, surroi nded by aguey marsh and dense forests overrun with wolves and bears, nnd destitute Sn e of chfi or headland, which in case of war is considered so essential as a protection and defence for an nf^n capital,-far removed from the .: vt of Brit sh 1 aval .power at tho i^ot of the lake,-neveSiS^ he saw '^^'IFW'^''^ ''^' ^^ ^^^^ Toronto was em ! , nently .fitted for the development of a rich and feXe C"S:i;itr'^^ adapted as a graid^^^^ 'fiofl So Pnv! i l'^°^P^^*^^« ^««ith Of the western .«! po Governor Simcoe set his soldiers rthe ,#ieen s Eangers) to work, and had a residence eveet e^l on the hig^i ground north of the old Don ,^d .JDanforth roads, decidedly the most romantic and ^jpicturesque spot in the vicinitv of Toronto In .the meantime, he lived under (;anvass Sh his own ,^^ouse was finished, and this house is known bVth? game of Castle Frank (or Castle Allen) eveT at fh]t uierarJiament Buildings and private dwellings,, and i 8 HISTORY OP TOKONTO. immediately afterwards a highway was oponed an straight north to Holland Landingf Lake Simcoe I distance of forty-five miles; and'the thorough^ now known as Yonge Street has continued to be th leading L^oroucrhfare northward from the city • 'Th construction of the Northern Railway (although M Capreol really carried out the undertaking in 1858 i L ", ""k- ''^'^'^'' ""S ^^'' ^^r-seeing sagacity of Gov ernor Simcoe m this matter. By means of tl.l route hesought to avoid, on the o/e S'Vepo" TtL^'T'"" ^f *^^^^°» «°d dangerous passal up Lake Erie, and on the other, the no less tediou and intricate route of the Ottawa River." „ S'^.T •?., i*;®,°*P'*'*^ ("^'^ <^»Ued York by Simcoe and ' who held his vernor in 1799, ncis Gore, took temporary hile, the houses m, according to " displaying a he town was so the farmers ex- iding their way great thorough- 18 to have pro- !, in which the ftttle of Queen- series of disas- 3 of jf ariiament le in continual HISTORY OF TORONTO. 9 fear of the inroads of their mischievous neighbours on the other side of the lake. With a population of vuu the capital of this time was ill-prepared for re- sistance, scarcely at all fortified, and defended by General Sheaflfo (himself an American) with oMy about 600 men. On the 27th of April, the Yankoe array numbering 1600 men, under command of Gen- eral Dearborn^ reached York Harbour and succeeded in landing. Pike, a young General whom Dearborn entrusted with the attacking force, was pretty sue cessful in his first attack, carrying the Canadian ad- vanced line of defences; but the unexpected explo- sion of the powder magazine which had been fired by the desperate Yorkists, to prevent its falhng into the hands of the Americans, somewhat checked l^ike s further progress, killing and wounding 260 men. General Pike himself dying within a few hours from injuries received. In spite of the success of this expedient. General Sheaffe lost all courage, and de- fltroying the naval stores, he retired to Kingston, leaving Colonel Chewitt, of the militia, to treat with the invaders. The town was ultimately captured, and the Government and other public buildings burned, and such stores as the Americans could not Tr.\ J^7 destroyed. By the frst of the next month, (May) however, they evacuated the place. A hre-engme captured on this occasion is now kept vLfS^ul'^ ?i^''' Government in their Navy Yard, which President Grant may return to our city prritiator^^^ ^^'' ^^^"^ '* ''''*^ *""" ^ ^^ pohtically l^i^!"?^ Sheaflfe's unpopularity after this affair, T^^i. "'"l^ superseded by Major-General de Bottenburg, a short time afterwards. Sheaffe, how! Zll\r' ^^^^^r"''*^^ during his administration, in f fhT/ T,^u i^*" T"^ measures, one of which pro- hibited distillation from grain, as a scarcity of food TlTw^ffS^ '^, consequence of the war ; anoth- €r prohibited the sale of liquor to the Indians. attacked by the Americans for the second time The Olengarry Fencibles had left the capital to check the IQ niSTORY OF TORONTO. 1^ spoilers' attempts to destroy the military stores at Burliugton Heights, which the Glengarries did effec- tually ; bat another body of Yankee troops under command of Commodore Chauncey, took the oppor- tunity to sweep down on the defenceless capital, and landing on the 24th of July, set fire to the barracks and public store-houses, hberated the prisoners from the jail, ill-treaLed some of the inhabitants, and retired with the few stores they could find. This was not to last much longer, however. Lieutenant-General Sir George Drummond, who succeeded Rottenburg, in the direction of public aliairs, (Goveruor Goro being still in England) marched without loss of time to the head-quarters of the army near Queenston, and by his valuable aid the campaign of 1813 was successfully brought to a close, the Treaty of Ghent happily settling the hos- tihties Nvhich had distracted England and America. The little capital had suffered extensively, how- ever, most of its pubhc buildings having been de- stroyed, and its progress gi-eatly retarded in conse- quence. But tranquiUity was restored in a com- incndably sliort space of time ; and early in 1814, Parliament assembled at tlie little ill-used capital, and passed several important measures, amongst which was the appropriation of $30,000 for roads and bridges; and again in 1816, voted a sum of $a,0qO per annum to assist in paying teachers' salaries, and in purchasing books for the use of schools, thus laying the foundation of our present Common School System. On tlio 29th of July, 1818, when Sir Peregrine Maitland took the Governorship of the Upper Pro- vince, Little York had almost recovered from the effects of the war, and had thriven wonderfully. "In 1821" (says Talbot, whose family settled down here m 1802) " the town contained 1336 inhabitants,, and 250 houses," and was even after 1818 the most wes- terly town in Upper Canada. Among the publia edifices were a Protestant Episcopal Church, a Roman Cathohc Chapel, a Presbyterian Meeting House, a Methodist Meeting House, the Hospital* niSTOKY OF TORONTO. 11 *y stores at is did effec- Dops under the oppor- apital, and e barracks oners from tants, and , however. Lond, who of public England) quarters of aluable aid )ught to a ig the hos- d America. vely, how- g been de- 1 in conse- in a com- r in 1814, ed capital, ► amongst for roads a sum of teachers' be use of LT present Peregrine pper Pro- from the fully. "In lown here tants,. and most wes- he public Ihurch, a Meeting Hospital^ the new Parliament House, (built in 1^320) and the residence of the Lieuteuaut-Goveruor. This Parlia- meut House was destroyed by fire four years later, the loss bomg estimated at $10,000. From this time the progress of the town became more rapid, but e en ni 1825 Toronto exhibited a vastly different appearance to the Toronto of to-day ; an left behind id him, and , the address in reply, no exceedingly, i innovative. : "We, Hia 13 Majesty s faithful Commons, confiding in the can- dour of your Excellency, and in your readiness to . recogmze us as constituiioual advisers of the Crown do humbly pray your Excellency against the iniuri' ous policy hitherto pursued by the Provincial" Ad- mmistration; and although we at present see your Excellency unhappily surrounded by the same advis- ers as have so deeply wounded the feelings and injured the best interests of the country, vet, in the I mterval of any necessary change, we entertain an anxious belief that under the auspices of your Ex- cellency the administration of justice will rise above , suspicion ; the wishes and interests of the people be : respected, and the revenues of the Colony be here- ^ after devoted to objects of pubHc improvement, after making provision for the public service on a basis of economy suited to the exigencies of the country." The effect of this well-meaning though somewhat insinuating address was, we have no doubt, salutarv m two ways ; but the Governor's spirited reply was not a long one : - It is less difficult to discover the traces of political dissensions and local jealousies in this Colony than to efface them. I anticipate that the prmciples of the Constitution being kept steadily in view, the good sense of the people will neutralize the efforts of any interested faction :" a reply which was as intelligent as it was equivocal. These ex- tracts may "serve as a key to the party spirit which then prevailed and which increased in intensity until It led to the use of very unconstitutional means to obtain a redress of grievances which were declared to exist. ' In 1835 Sir John Colborne was recalled, and Sir Jrancis Bond Head was appointed his successor louring this Governor's term of office, it is, we pre- sume, well known that the Kebellion of '37 took IT,' i ! /f ^li^gs of the people being highly exas- perated at the conduct of affairs. To quote from an anonymous writer, it appears a strong feehn«? of dig- couteni was general. He says :_" We cannot look back upon the derangement to society then caused, and the antagomstio feelings which must have been (■r 14 HISTORY OF TORONTO. aroused, witliout regretting that Britain rIiouIcI occasionally be so unwise as to send men here as Governors of Canada who are neither fitted by natu- ral endowments nor by education, nor by experi- ence, for the honorable performance of the important duties devolving upon them." Sir Francis Bond Head, m his own narrative thus speaks of his thus entering upon his resjionsible duties : " As I was no more connected with human politics than the horses thfit were drawing me— as I never had I'oinod any political party, had never attended a political discus- sion, had never even voted at an election, nor taken any part in one, it was with no little surprise I observed the walls placarded with large letters, ft'lnch designated me as Sir Prancis Head, 'the tried iloformer.' And yet this was the man sent at a troublous, disaffected period in the history of Cana- da, to _ reconcile divergent sentiments, allay the animosities caused by intense antagonistical political feeling, and develope the resources of an extensive country." And we fully sympathise with this writer's just censure of the political trickery and disaffeetion which were rife even in 1837. ^'ir George Arthur succeeded " the tried Eeform- er" in March, 1838, and kept the reins of Govern- ment until IS-ll, wlien the unity of the two Pro- vinces was affected, and the seat of Government removed to Kingston. As the reader is aware, the name of Little York had already given place to the more dignified title of Toronto. Had the transference of the government offices taken place ten years sooner, it might have had a serious effect upon the prosperity of the town; but in 1841 Toronto had become of too great com- mercial importance to feel much ill effect from the event, and consequently it entailed only a loss of the expenditure of a tew thousand pounds per annum, but this a population of 15,500 could easily sustain. The connexion of our city with the Legislature W!!S severed until 1850, wlien, in consequence of tho riois in Montreal and the burning of the Parlia- ment buildings (at Kingston, we presume), the Legis- I'n ii I HISTORY OF TORONTO . 16 Britain should lul men here as V fitted by iiatu- nor by experi- Df the important Francis Bond aks of liis thus : "As I was no than the horses had joined any pohtical discus- tion, nor taken itle surprise I large letters, Head, 'the tried man sent at a listory of Cana- ents, allay the listical political •f an extensive liise with this il trickery and 837. 3 tried Keform- ins of Govern- f tlie two Pro- )f Government of Little York G dignified title he government it might have ty of the town ; too great com- sffect from the ly a loss of the Is per annum, easily sustain, he Legislature onsoquence of ^ ; of the Parlia- i me), the Legis- lature decided to meet for two years in Toronto ithcn four years alternately in Quebec and Toronto' |Iu 1852, therefore, Parliament met at Quebec, and im 1850 It again returned to Toronto, which is at jthe present time the seat of Provincial Government. I Although it is our intention to refrain from giving |geueral statistics in this sketch, it may perhaps be |interest]ng to the reader to give a few rough figures, jbefore we pass on to spyak of other matters in con- |uection with the city. I From the time the capital was incorporated as a ,fcity, its progress had been very rapid. In 1844, ten lyears after this important event, the population had i^ncaily doubled, being 18,420 ; in 1851, seven years later, the census showed a rt-turn of 30,775, and was ^composed of-English, 4,958 ; Scotch, 2,169 ; Irish, 11,305; natives not of French origin, 9,956; natives '.of French origin, 467 ; Americans, 1,405. In 1858, :the population was 50,000, and is at present 60,000. The religious persuasions, as given in the general jconsus of 1851, are as follows :— Church of England, - Church of Scotland, Church of Eonie, Free Church, Presbyterian, Other Presbyterians, - Wesloyan Methodists, Episcopal Methodists, N.>w Connexion Methodists, Other Methodists, Baptists, Lutiierans, CongregationaHsts, (Quakers, - - Jews, - - . . Universalists, Unitarians, Not kuo^vn, I^ creed given, - . . 11,677 1,061 7,940 2,137 1,346 3,251 132 257 483 948 40 646 12 57 23 178 269 418 16 HISTORY OF TOKONTO. «flS'\^''fi *^°"f^ ^'^^" ^« correct, must be com- lilted iShfl"^''"^''^ "^^ present numbers con- lowe/^if 'fb/T^ f'"^f*" °^ *^« avocations fol- 497 r r •'''*/ '^'^'^'^^ .--Professional persons than' rctnTcT/' s'oo/^ T' ^' industrial, X; presenU?«f «i?;i, '• ^- ^P^^P'-^^e this with the S- V ^^^,^^6 increase is strikingly apparent ir^taw^ F has advanced so far as to have 13 000 inhabitants, with over two hundred irtvAuildinas and .T' f,«y«P«Per8-cbiefly weekly, some ?w"ce' overyou^^^^^^^ at the estimated value of propertv In l?*^' ?^ real and personal property was I3 116 400 ' II' assessed value (calculated at sTx fe; cent on b« m11Z55Hs'^- ^^--^^ vX f^r tt ^lehenc year (1855) is, per assessors' rolls. £34^ 041 In 1857, the nambep of houses was 7,47G bpfno uverine year 1850. In the same year ('1857rfhA amount of real property in the city was valued ^v the assessors at i?7 Pftft i nn n ^ , ^"'^^*^^ ^y xxrhini. f A ',-488,150, the yearly value of rjflr^fT ?• ,^''« "npfOT«ment8 made in the ?'?.£?''«'»«<' ''"hi,, the last two vears have been ast„„isl„ng; many new buildings "(and those the httdsomeat m the city) have beef ereXd • and Jhe : I HISTOnt OP TORONTO. 17 !ct, must be com- ;nt numbers con- donominations, ;s, perhaps, have any of the other )nilt several new lich is certainly [uare, capable of i avocations fol- isional persons, adustrial, other 5 this with the ingly apparent. 8 of Toronto: to have 13,000 hrick buildings, y, some twice, lily." Another IS you have got IS growth, look In 1851, the ,116,400; the r cent, on the I value for the •oils, £345,941 and personal, 7,476, being , and of 3,212 >ar (1857) the «^as valued by arly value of as £487,289. f property in )urteen years ,j azetteer pub- made in the ' irs have been id those the ", ed; and the sidewalks, several of which were in a very dilapi- dated state, and some almost impassable, have been re-laid and much improved. Toronto now (1846) contains ninety-two streets ; the planked portion of King street (formerly called Duke street) being about two miles long. The extreme length of the city, from the Don bridge to the western limits, is upwards of three miles. Property which was pur- chased a fewyears since for a mere trifle has increased wonderfully in value, and manv houses on Kins? street pav a ground rent of $500. Eents are generally as high as m the best business situations in London. • England and some houses in good situations for busmess let at from $1,000 to $1,250 per annum. There are within the city 21 churches and chapels, 10 newspapers {British Canadian, Herald, Patriot. Colonist, Exammer, Christian Ouardian, Star, Mirror, Banner, and Globe) The following monthly periodi! cals are axso pubhshed here:- The Upper Canada Jurist Bntish American Cultivator, and Sunday School ; Ouardian. The city is lighted with gas, and there are water-works for the conveyance "of water from the bay to the different houses ; and there are also in the city regular stages for coaches and hacks. Steamboats leave daily for Kingston, Hamilton, Niagara Queenston, Lewiston, and Eochester, call- ng at Port Hope and Cobourg. Omnibuses have fcnh n r f *°,r" 'T^^'^y *° Kichmond Hill, Thornhill, Cooksvil e, and Streetsville, and everjl hour from the market-place to Yorkville. A horse ferry-boat phes during the day between the city and the opposite island ; and there are fifteen common 8187!700." ''P''^*^^"' E«*i™ated value of export, All tliis, a quarter of a century ago. But now we have magnificent lake steamers established betwein here and Montreal and other distant ports ; we have W boa? '' w'f "''^^^"y^' '^"^^ inst'eadof a .'horle tflo-L X ^^ ^'^""^ accommodating well fitted up steamers to take m across to the Ipposito island. And we have more than " ten newspapers " now indeeed, '. Littl. Muddy York " is threatening To 18 HISTORY OF TORONTO. become the great newspaper depot ami literary cen. tie of the whole Domiuiou, if the succords which lias attended the pubhshing enterprises of late years is to be taken as a criterion. "After it had become the capital of Upper Canada," (says Alex. Somerville), " the backward condition of Toronto, during the past forty years of this century, was due not alone to its youthfulness, want of re- sources, or even to tlie disastrous effects of the war of 1812-13, but to the ambition of its earlier iuhabi- . tants to make their famihes the first in lineage of a grand laud-owning aristocracy. To secure that future greatness, they took wild lands into their pos- session, which they did not clear and cultivate ; con- boquently roads were not made, so that populoii. rufal districts might sustain a thrivini; city. To this day (1865) many vahiable water prfvilcges ait sealed up .trom public use in various parts, tlieirpro prietors enslaved by ambitious or sordid considera- tions. It ,was to the wide prevalence of this aiui similar other practices, together with the assump- tion of exclusive political functions and offices in tin famihes possessing the largest domains of wildd' ness, that led to the insurrection of 1837. TJu Government has been popularized since then (Mr Somerville is writing prior to 18G5) ; tlie Executiv. is responsible to the people ; but no Uberal systeii; of inducing a largo immigration to seek Canada lor a home, in preference to the Western States, La- yet been adopted in practice. The development o: railways tends to coirect this mistaken policy." How far Mr. Alex. Somerville is coirect we knoit now, as the opening up of new country by railroad- is one of the chief reasons for the prosperity of on; beautiful city wliich is so rnpidly becoming a raii way focus. Although, whether the " Governmcir has been popularized " during the last few moniL: is rather doubtful. Intestine troubles and conflicting interests are ih lot, undoubtedly, of all young and rapidiy-risii;. cities ; and, setting these aside, Toronto has muc' to be proud of. " In beauty," says Lillie, in his abl: luring ealth a ho wcr ent of leverses, marks, ^sted "0 States a! Very fiatt 0. t and literary ceii success wliicli ]jas 28 of late years is HISTORY OP TORONTO, 19 afUpi^cr Canada," cward condition of rs of this century, Iness, want of re- efl'ects of the war its earlier inhalji- st in lineage of a To secure that ids into their pes- id cultivate ; con- so that populoii- briving city. To ter privileges ait s parts, their pro- sordid considerii- ence of this aiui vitli the assump- and offices in tlii )niains of wildtv a of 1837. Thf I since then (Mr. ) ; the Execuliw 10 Uheral systeii seek Canada I'or tern States, ha- 5 development o: iken policy." correct we knov ntry hy railroad- prosperity of oii; hecoming a raii e " Governmoi: last few monil: interests are ih id rapidly-risiu; oronto has miu: Lillie, in his aljl; ^01 .on Canada, •' Toronto will compare favorahly. gWliether its puhlic or private huildings he looked at! iwith any city of its size to he found elsewhere. The provmcia Luiiatic Asylum, Trinity and Universi y ICo eges the Normal Scliool, tlie two CathedralM o panks, the Moehanres' Institute, the Ward School^ |nd tlie hue n.w churclies recently erected, relet |redi on the country at large. So do the lo^g 1 n^s fe^ spkndid sores almost palatial warehousS., ^^ mhe elegrmt villas which ahound on every hand " And Trenienlieere, a travelling English t'entle- lan, says in las hook (puhlished in 1882). "Toro ii o fho Like shore, handsomely huilt, inci^asing most |apidly; possessing huildings which, in dimensiors ^m correctness of taste and in solidity of ^onie' |ion, are suiyassed hy itw of a simila^ IdnTu Z noZl' ' '"'''''' "\^"«^'"^'l; its wealth steadily 3ut ve th ""^^7'.l^'=^-l^'^r«. the comparatively slo^v^ Jutjet the certain course, of the strict husiness innciples and mercantile honor of the 'old com rv-' Its numor-n°tlie s m |uiing the whole time, or had transmitted their i^ealth and position to their sons ; and that m nv entTth?"^"-^^l '^''i- r^''^' ^' *^- ---" feverses a^fw'''"'"'^ ^^'^^''" Pursuing it without fe\eise&, and were now wealthy." All these araoion^ Jemarks coming from fwe mL suppo e) a ,4iX' iSs":'^^ ^-^>'tn:mani" who W\m¥ed i the 20 H19T0BY OP TORONTO. f1 Another wrifor aays, "From fl.« «« • i ... eorporation, Toronto hJ r„«;^^ • ^'^'^'^^ ^f its xvoalth and popuhLn T? ^ "»oreasocl both in Whole, been ^Z^^rt^^^ ^^i^"" ^' themselves characteristic nfn ^' °'*^» ^^ *^ey are of its merchair^nd he Iter;"^^ ^*"^^'°« stitutions. The vearlv Li • -^ of its niomed in- amount (1800) tH o't^ S^^^' ^f^^"'^^^^ of its railway ilvantages,rcommitf«// '^.f ^'"« appointed to meet a den. fnfin J I®, of gentlemen aid Minnesota liltr*t,s oT *^' ^/^^^^ ^^^ railways already oonS'ot 7 o'the'Tnouflf' 'f' Tlj^ Niagara R ver have nJano,! m '"puth of the hours travel of New^ Yo k Oit'v" ° f^^ «^^*«^^ Trunk Railway will place it / ' *"^.*''" ^^^"^ - ./«. lost n.S^t^'^^^'Sf'^'^^^^^y proceed, cation places it during the oLn ^^^^'•'^"«« «avi. ^/*^^r^ J^^^»^>" ^"^ ^ J:ailway prospects must^h^.nl-/^/^*''^^^'^^^ our '\ Looking at ^ Zel llZhtV"^ '' '^^^^'^^^ ^ ft satisfied eye, we Zh? not t f ^^^P^S^s with to a few min'o; !vilsTh Ih a e t'tT'T''^''' look upon. We again niote <.n "* ^^'^'^^^ *« police statistics for Jhe yearTssy thTJ o'n^^^ *^« and 1,025 female«,-^in Jr/qofi^l^ f" even, nine of our l^^^i^^^^ ^-.i.he^retheX'^:::^rLr^^ I common cne year lish; 181 for one y present 3 deluded i tion whi ratio to t is great r the prese past year social sta A City Cc in driuk-t we sow tl I look fo] day, whei 3 period ot its reasod both in iifts, ou tlia and its public ubatantial ele. ity. as tliev are ercial standing its mouied in. id expenditure And speaking 5 o{ gentlemen he Green Bay r city, "The nouth of the within sixteen d the Grand the European "Mcjfy proceed, wrence navi* son within a se traffic com. ^rand Trunk, and Huron) the business through that •e wiJl be the rtery of the ards Hamil. nbiuatiou of also with the noe then we Bruce," and together our i cheerful, ntages with ] ik ourselves 1 pleasant to ' ears by the 3,097 maies 8 — ieing on4 j rrested and ^ luring that I HISTORY OF TORONTO. 21 'i , year. Of this number, there are classed under the ^ 6?rfXSr'°-'^''",foT^/'r^''''^^' 2,081 males and 678 fo-nalos- in all 2,704. To this number require to bo added 420 for assault, and 8G for keepiJdL I orderly houses-a class of houses alarmingl/ and un- blushrngly on the increase in this city-l2?l for ^r2m^fn7^''V' "''''■"^* "^ ^^' "^^'Pi'^^^t stages and 208 for selhng intoxicating dWnk witifou license making a total of 8,709 asUie direct re uU tire fottt':?n'''''f?'" 'T'''' °^-"^°re than three-loLuths of the whole number. By an analysis of the remuin.ng fourth, it is very evident that bit for intoxicating liquors the majority of the cases therein embraced would never lave o^ccurre The correctly-made police statistics give further ground ibr omment on this sad state of things, forlie^are 175 stated as under 20 years of a,,e, and therefoi-e not w thin the scope of the designation habit and m"' drunkards .-leaving 120 of the entire number com- ^^^f^^'i.t^.^l^o'n the title of " intemperate habits'Ms ■ fl . f.^V'^'^.^y^^PPl'^^'^le. And yet when we look over •■ the hst of offences, the assaults and threaten Ws and I respasses. which, with the drunk and SdeHy , cases, form the bulk of the commitments, we are forc^. ^ ed to the conclusion that the whole offences have one ! ITlZZT^t- ^^^trlofl.BGScommftldL " ■ hsh -^ ISI I t""^^g^^««.' 1'272 were Irish; 282 Eng- lish , 181 Scotch. Such is the melancholy cataWue for one year. Nor is it likely that the record of thft present year will be more cheering. If the numbers deluded and ensnared by the evanescent exhTE atbrote^r^rrf^ ^'' imparts.\ear ^y ratio to the facilities for obtaining intoxicants ihovi IS great reason to fear that the crimind ea?enda o7 pastTelr Jr ''""'f ^? '^-^l^-^'^-^h as that of the socafstaVfc^^^f^^^^ far gloomier aspect of our social state than the chronicle now comniented on in driillfSi ^'-Y^ ''^^ P-^--ed free trade in arjuli-selling, and as a necessary consequence if wesow the wind we shall reap the whirlwS Lt 1 look forward hopefully to the dawn of a brighter day, when neither stranger nor resident will have HISTORY OF TORONTO. tbo Opportunity of branding US bccauso of tho dila- pidatod Btato r'' onr Hocial fabric." Another evil adverted to, an evil far less grave than drunkenness, though still proceeding from it, is the habit of begging. •• A few years ago such a thing was unknown. You might have passed from one end of the city to the other, at all hours of the day, without mooting with on.' supphant for charity. The correspondent of a New York paper thus alludes to them : — I am surprised at the numbers of beggarf, in Toronto. You cannot go into tho street without an- noyance from them. If two persons stop to speak, they are sure to bo joined in a few seconds by a beggar. Even the editor of tho Toronto Driili/ Colon iat in the same year, 1857, says, "This nuisance is growing to be intolerable. Pass where you will, and often as you will, you are beset with some sturdy applicant for alms— they dodge you round corners, they fol- low you into shops, they are to be found at tho church steps, kn./ck at your private residence, walk into your pface of business, and beard you with a pertinacity that takes no denial. In this, our good city of Toronto, beggary has assumed the dignity of a craft. To tolerate mendicancy is a false philan- thropy. It is to nurture the germs of every vice, it is to commit a sin against tho youthful poor, and to neglect the duty we owe to our neighbor and our- selves." "This is putting the matter in a some- what broad light," says another city editor, " but it may be perfectly orthodox in so far as the editor of the Coloiiisf is connected, for he ie luJur f.jmpiais- ant and benevo'unt-looking, dresB^s w(^l ^ vd very tastefully, and is just such a pers Im.h shrewd and wily class would be ready to pounce upon with a certainty of success." And we ourselves think the matter is a little overdrawn, for however beggary may foFIow as a consequence of drunkenness, we be- lieve the city at the present day enjoys a rather i;^pecial immunity from the pesterings of this obnox- ious clasp Beggary, as a profession, is certainlv not popi,.ar in Toronto to-day. But of the growing addiction in our poorer class, (and we regret to say otherf ful sil its roj our fu The .;'.erce, tititutii I powerl 'i nial El I gently. f Ontarii ^ Kingst f Quebec ' Kiver, ' latitud( hours '. \ than th f em por |gradual I wards o fBloorst * The! boundai Imercial 'appeara: 'hoped w ;he islan icenic i i?'i*ndeu] estern two mill each, w Ontario i cumulate ^f hore, wl 'Itively si Jjake Onl fed up in 'fcingli tr HI8T0RY OP TORONTO. auso of tho dila- 1 far less grave jcccding from it, ears ago such a ave passed from all hours of the iant for charity, iper thus alludes tubers of beggar r. itreot without au- top to speak, they ids by a beggar. ij Colonist in the anco is growing fill, and often as turdy applicant rners, they fol- )e found at the residence, walk ard you with a Q this, our good d the dignity of 8 a false philan- of every vice, it ful poor, and to ghbor and our- ter in a sonie- ' editor, " but it as the editor of .".ijKT C'.mpiais- wr^l. "I'd very as Luub shrewd mnce upon with ourselves think lowever beggary kenness, we bo- ?njoys a rather s of this obnox- m, is certainly of the growing e regret to say 98 ful silence. This if wo do not take active steps for Its repression, will bo tho great stumbhng block to our future prosperity. ^ " TORONTO ITS POSITION. The e.ipital of Upper Canada, the centre of com. .^rce, and the seat of the principal Educatlonalln Bcitutions and destined from its position to exert a I SEm Jrf "T' ^ *^" t'^'^ ^ff-- "^ t^i^ Colo' I Z.n f ■■ T.^^o^to, is beautifully situated on a gently-slopmg plain on the Northern shore of Lake Ontario, 46 miks N-E. of Hamilton. 1^ we^?lJ Kingston 840 W.S.W. of Montreal, 603 milerfrom 1 Quebec, 50 miles from the mouth of thiNi/JZ Kiver, and 600 miles from l^ew Ynrlr tV-^ • ilnfitnrlfl A1°Qa' xt T -. , ^ i-OTk. It is in latitude 43 39 N. longitude and 79^21' W or fi ;hours 17 minutes and 20 seconds slower of' tTme ern portion of the city is low, but the ground rises iSfet* imperceptibly from tl^BayftJu^' I The handsome bay, forming its southern front or Iboundary gives the city, as a lake-port, SeaTcom .mercial advantages, besides adding to tST^S -appearance of the city-an appearance which Tfi hoped will not be lessened by the recent Teaches in each, ^t^eh nearly encloses the Bay from Lake ntario IS a barrier of gravel and sand It^as ae umulated by the wedging of .ce into an angle of the" hoie, where the water freezes, being there compar bmgli transferred from its own bottom. S4 HISTORY OF TORONTO. lim^L A?!^' l^oundanes of the town were very limited. At the west they extended no further than New street (now called Nelson street). At theVorth ^ey extended no further than Lot street (now caUed Queen street). Berkeley street was the 1 mTat th« east and King street the boundary at theTouth and the city was divided into five wards. At the pr;sent time the dimensions of Toronto are much more e^* tended ; reachmgfrom the Don River in the eW ?. nearly as far as the Lunatic Asylum n the we t a b sTtob t^'.'?'^' '" '"^'^^^-^ Yorkvirmay' De said to be the boundary, as a small open snace nf ground between that suburb and Toronto prLer is bemg rapidly built up, and from its northern extre' two'miles'r'SS.^' *'^.'^^' *^^ '''y ---- two miles in width, containing accordins to tlm last census over 60,000 inhabitants ^ ^' CLIMATE, GEOLOGY, ETC. Toronto having a more southerly latitude eniovdn more genial and salubrious climateVan eithe?Oue bee or Montreal and has many local advantages' winch render It a more desirable place of resSce than either of these cities, or than any othei chv Tn Canada Although the temperatur/5^ro2 h 1 colder than the normal temp^ature of th^Sd ' the climate is considerably amehorated by he equa ! h"luth""The'm " ^r' '^'^ "^^^^ boVndsT ine south. Ihe mean temperature of the six months commenemg with April, and including our warmes summer months, is 4^ degrees below l4 averLeZ Jel of latitude ; while the other six monthsTn which are included our coldest winter months, Ve Hde- grees below the normal temperature of he parllle making an average of 6 degrees colder than the no ! mal temperature taking the entire year round m greatest heat has not exceeded lOO degrees in te ■ great many^:;;^^,^^^SCu.l«^^ i 20 de period free f month After 1 ing ail throug is noth from tl : on his atmosp raoonli^ men of ; The f days ge I which a ; epere oi ■> eluded { 5 dian Su I as then I it. I TheM I chiefly f the nurr ^ were ren ^ the grea tity of ri The c cumulate average d Mr. ex-S from the coloured feet 8 inc soil founc cult, and of recent] still more they wer-' Yonge), a evenly-lai< I town were very no further than )• At the north :eet (now called the hmit at the ; the south, and At the present nauch more ex- ' in the east, to in the west, a Yorkville may 1 open space of •onto proper is aorthern extre- city measures cording to the titude, enjoys a an either Que- ;al advantages ) of residence other city in of Toronto is ' this parallel, i by the equal- bounds us on he six months our warmest i average tern- I same paral- iths, in which '8, are 9^ de- the parallel, than the nor- round. The agrees in the end as low as Q 1«55) in a, I lower than HISTORY OF TORONTO. 25 Dcriod^ Th.^'Jr T' ^?^ *^^" ^°'' * ^ery brief pcnod. The atmosphere is pure and transparent fr-ee from oppressive sultry'^heat in our Ztter months and from raw, hnmid frigidity in winter After the greatest heat of a summer's day, the even: ng air 18 fresh and genial, and the Soon gUdes tiirough a pure sky with apeculiar brilliancy. There 18 nothing perhaps, which so much strikes a straS from the foggy avenues of London and Manchester on his first arrival amongst us, as the purity of ou; atmosphere, and the soft, silvery brilUancy of our men ot genial twihght of his Island home. Ihe name "Indian Summer" is given to i fpw : days generally about the beginning T November '' snere o^r '^'Tf''^^ ^^ '''^' -"^ baC'tmoI ' y !^e/ a Pecuharly hazy cast. Although many in , c uded amongst auroral phenomena, the name - iS d an Summer" is not used in a meterologicTsense ^ as there is nothing positive in connection wUh I The winds that pass over the city appear to bfl chiefly from the North and West. O^Kders orms the number was 28 for one vear h.,t fiw f.i. were remarkable for vioW Xua.yh J lehZl %Kio! "'"■'^"' -d August the g^e^LrqS fmmThfbrftt'Z^ ^'°.^'^ '^' '"''^^ ««n««««i'n iiora tne bay, the alternate layers of yellow and -mh leet 8 inches. Hence, on account of this unstable Bo foundation, road and street^making becomes diffi- ftcentlfcfe'arP.' '''' f ^^''^ ^'« ^ «^«--^n stiirnl^ A^"^ sandy gullies it must have been £lZ?;i:;iL°^.Y^^^^^^^ l^owever, were graded yoncrp^ nnf.r ""'^^ .^^^ ""^'^^^^^ o'^es (Duke and 26 HISTOEY OP TORONTO, now adopted for the principal streets, but thon^h hP.Trt"^^/''Pff'''''\'^'*''"°^*^ be durable, and best fitted for the sandy soil upon which it iests. Ihe only natural exposures of solid rock visible near ioronto are to be found on the shores of Lake Naff a mile west of the city, and the deep gullies which the Don and the Humber rivers have fxcavated in their passage to the Lake. NATURAL HISTORY. The number of wild animals of the neighborhood has been of course considerably modified by the pro- gress of civilization, or at least by the clearing of tho forest. The Wolf and the Bear, and other la?ge ani! mals so frequently met with by the early settlers are now seldom seen except by the lumbermen, whose store of bacon lures them to his but. Now and again, one or other of these ferocious animals strays beyond ihe marked line of civilization, but they rarely stay for any length of time-that is However, th^re are several members of the verte- bratae still to be seen in the vicinity. A bat measur- ing from three to four inches in length, with a wincr- spread of from ten to twelve inches was found asleen one afternoon by Mr. Couper, in the winter of 1854, suspended by the feet from the branch of a tree in the Homewood Estate, a little north of Carlton street— quite at home. Another species of this lit- tle anim..l, the Little Brown Bat. has been seen per- terming its nocturnal evolutions along the margin of the bay. Of the following animals, amongst others, specimens have been obtained in the immedi- ate vicinity of Toronto :-Star-nose mole, black bear, racoon skunk, common weasel, ermine or stoat mink, brown weasel, grey wolf, American red fox,' black or silver fox, Canada lynx, or wild cat, Vircrin- lan opposum black, gi-ey, flying, and ground squir- rels, prairie dog, ground hog or wood-chuck, musk- rat, bearer, Canada porcupine, American hare. Ui the rqotilc species, few are found in this neigh- borhood. Besides the common frog, there are aev- HISTORY OP TORONTO. Bts, but thong-b )e durable, and which it rests. 'Ck visible near I of Lake Naff, p gullies which i excavated in neighborhood ed by the pro- clearing of tiie ther large ani- rly settlers are ermen, whose Lt. Now and sious animals ilization, but time — that i& 3 of the verte- A. bat raeasur- with a wing- I found asleep nter of 1854, of a tree in 1 of Carlton ?s of this lit- een seen per- tbe margin .Is, amongst the immedi- e, black bear, le or stoat, ican red fox, cat, Virgin- round squir- buck, musk- 1 hare. 1 this neigh- ere are aev- 27 eral varieties of turtles, the leather turtle, soft-shell- ed, and the sua])ping turtle. This latter is one of the largest, being from 2 to 4 feet long. It is met with irequently atadistance from the water, and feeds on frogs, hshes, and even ducks, which it snaps at greedily when they are swimming along. In some places It is known under the names ofl.oggerhead, ; Alligator Turtle, and Couta. Tortoises, tS^ are tj be seenm the vicinity of the city, the S.nooth, Paint- ed, and the Spotted Tortofse. The Wood Terrapin IS not, as its name would imply, unaccustomed to the water. Ihe Mud Turtle, Musk Tortoise, and Mud Termp.n or fetmkpot, are to be found in most of our ponds and ditches. Of Snakes, Canada bas, of course, numerous varieties.but they are rarely encount- ered m this vicinity. Several specimens oi the Bio- Water Lizard, however, have been taken in theRivcT l^on, all on night-lines which have been set for Of insects, we have little limits to speak. The most mteresting of them, the Mosquito, is only too well known but it is in marshy districts and over at the Island that he is chiefly found, happily, lorouto IS by no means deficient in feathered bipeds (not meaning our street geese). Even the royal K Vn'^'^'t^^V'fr ^^''" '^^^ ^y'^'S i" the neighbor- hoo.l. Ihe Fish Hawk or Osprey also arrives here m Spring, leaving in the Fall. They have been very numerous over at the Island occasionally, the fisher- men lookmg upon it as a sure harbinger of the an- proach of vast shoals of the finny tribe by which our coast IS visited. Many other varieties of the falcon and hawk tribe also visit the neighborhood, in their time and season. The " King of Owls" or - Snowy i^agle a most majestic and beautiful bird, ar- rives here at the commencement of our cold weather, and many of them are annually shot. Several speci! Avenue. The Whip-poor-Will, which on quiel even, ngs can be heard uttering its own namo distinctly, has also been caught here in large numbers, and the XNight-ilawk, almost identical with the EngUsh Goat- 28 HISTORY OF TORONTO. Sucker, may often be seen in the city on summer evenings. About the middle of May, the Humming bud arrives, and hovers around the currant-bushe" until about the e.icl of July. The Sand Mart'S Ch mney Swallow, Tyrant Fly-Catcher and also the Itobin are very , common in Toronto; but the last named bii-d IS very difierent both in form and size frorn the English Eobin. We have some varSles of Ihrushes, whicli almost equal the Song Tlirush in musical powers. And those merry little fellows, the W. f *'T^"«"\i" ^^'Se numbers a willow tree on longe street nearly opposite Gerrard. The Wren, l^rd f"' 2^^*'"^»««' th^ Snow Bird. Lark, Black! vS'nnf'^ '"*''"?'''' u"*^ •'* thousand Other feathery visitants may also be seen in the vicinitv. Some j-ears ago, a pair of Song Sparrows built their ne^t ma small shrub m the Normal School Grounds, al- most immediately under the windows. This bird is very easily domesticated. With these imperfect re- marks we close the Natural History of Toronto but Inftv wm '' "^"'""r" ^^^"'•^^' Toronto andTt research ^'''''^ ^" °'* inexhaustible field of I TORONTO TO STRANGERS AND VISITORS. n f ,liV' """^ '^'^^'" ''"'' province to give more than oihZnW^^^^"^'' '^ *^" ^'"^^'^ Institutions and other objects of interest to Strangers and Visitors this portion of our little sketch wili^e necessavil/^^^^^^^^^^^ .onto r '^•^'^^•^'^'■' g'-^^^'tf^. there will be, of course few antiquities to inspect. But there are many things to be seen which will well remv thl troiihle of visiting, amongst which areThe foE '' at lehi^dTi^^ «ciiooL~Situated on Gould street cos to £25 noo"'!?'''''. ^'''''^ ^" l^^l-^2 at a cost ot £25,000. It contains a fine Museum of a^iToih?; Sculpture Natural History, and Sc'nlifio , o^ui-ntCdJy^ ^^ public gratuit- and ChS'^'^n'^t iS'^^^^^-C^rner of Adelaide ana Church.-Cost $50,000, and was built in 1845. HISTORY OF TORONTO. 29 city on summer y, the Humming 5 currant- l)ushe8 he Siind JMartin, ler and also the ;o ; but the last a form and size ?ome varieties of Song Thrush in ittle fellows, the a willow tree on rd. The Wren, d, Lark, Black- \ other feathery vicinity. Some milt their nest )ol Grounds, al- s. This bird is e imperfect re- 3f Toronto, but Toronto and its ustible field of ISITORS. ^ive more than lalitulions and id Visitors, this icessavily brief, re will be, of But there are well repay the the following: Gould street 1 1851-62 at a e Museum of and Scientifio , public gratuit- r of Adelaide )uilt in 1845. —There IS a good Libiary and Reading Room pro- vided, which Strangers can visit at twenty cents per week. Ihe yearly ! 4r.^nY^^^ ^l^l'^ Christian Association— Adjoining the Globe Office, on King street, Reading Room open to the public, free. OsGooDE HALL-Situated on Queen at the head ?« J mi^^'^^'trf'^"''"^''^^'^ ^" 1829, finished in } tractive laid-out grounds are especially at- ' . University College— In Queen's Park— Erected in 1842 on a site of 168 acres. There is a valuable norary of reference, and a museum to which the public may have admission. iT,^?.'''T^.^^^'''=^^—^"Q"e®n— Built in 1852 in theliinghsh style. Cemeteries.— There are few, if any, of our local attractions, which excel oar Cemeteries, which are the Necropohs, the Potter's Field, St. James', and the Roman Catholic Cemetery; but the St. James's 18 tbe most beautiful. The Lunatic Asylum and the Crystal Palace situated at the extremity of King street are also worthy of a visit. At St. Michael's Cathedral, {RC), St. James' Cathedral, St. George's Church and Holy Trinity Church, amongst the other numerous and beautiful sacred edifices of the city, an impressive musical service may be heard every Sunday. The House of Parliament— situal ed between Wellington and Front streets, at the end of Simeon street, is opeu to strangers (by ticket) during ine Queen's Park, at the end of College Avenue is a iavourite place of resort during the summer months. iJkiiAiAtiJtimmitMUimimtimm^mmmimtM 80 HISTORY OF TORONTO, TiiK IIoRTiciTLTURAL Gardexs, On Gerrard street, are very tastefully laid out, and worth a visit. Tue Old and New Forts, in the west, should be seen also. There are several pleasant walks in the neighbour- hood of the city. One is to the Valley of the Don, about a mile and a half up Yonge street, turning to tlie rio^ht, where a mimic cannon is seen, the tiny Eivcr Don meandering along at the bottom, a grove of trees on the right bank giving a charmingly pic- turesque aspect to this little piece of landscape. Ekcreation is by no means a difficult matter in loronto. During the summer months two steam- boats ply to the opposite island, and a pleasant water trip may be had for 10 cents. A fine steamer runs daily to the Falls of Niagara in the summer season, the round trip costing $2.50. Moonlight Jixcursions, with musical accompaniment, are not infrequent during the pleasant weather. A ride in the street cars is also at hand at any time, leaving the Market place every two or three minutes, one hue extends to Yorkville, and another up Queen street as far as the Lunatic Asylum, five cents for each journey. During the wintersleighing is a very popular source of healthful pleasure. And what with concerts socials, "surprise parties," and the like, Toronto cannot be considered a dull place even in that dullest of the seasons, winter. Good fishing can also be had in the lake, which abounds with perch, bass, sneakers, picarel, sun-fish, cat-fish, trout, white-fish, sturgeon, dog-fish, eel- pout, lamprey, and many varieties of eels. Boating also IS a very pleasant, but sometimes a dangerous pastime. OUR character. With the appended extract from a work published some years back we shall, conscious of our many sins 01 omission and commission, close chis little sketch ; it has been often broadly stated that the people of Toron be, au in tha that ci munit social by etic exclusi feeling whicli ;"Abo\ the fac terdaf- perenn , can on] people kindrec deariiig enthusi and hoi the wid Far We ,ticity oi |iorin a i ,friendsh ;know nc 'any fee] -trausien :throufjh |8o in Sep Jearly ass |ceed in fuanenc^ ;1kept sub wealth a ^'hateve lirectly ». beyauce state ol ntithesis ''But, in a socia HISTORY OF TOBONTO. 81 n Gerrard street, rth a visit. Tue , should be seen in the neighbour- lUey of the Don, street, turning to is seen, the tiny bottom, a grove I- charmingly pic- f landscape, fficult matter in iths two steam- and a pleasant A fine steamer in the sinnmer .50. Moonlight niment, are not her. A ride in ly time, leaving 36 minutes, one >ther up Queen n, five cents for y popular source with concerts, .Toronto cannot it dullest of the he lake, which icarel, sun-fish, , dog-fish, eel- ' eels. Boating es a dangerous work published : our many sins is little sketch ; It the people of Toronto are not by any means so social as they might be, and that there is the slightest possible deficiency in that geniahty of disposition and temperament— that cordiality of manner-which some older com- munities manifest; with them the enjoyment of the social artections is cramped by formal'ity and chilled by etiquette, and that, even at its best estate, it is very exclusive. But we may justly ascribe this state of teehng less to any inherent or acquired snobbishness which makes men think that they are something ; Above the common level of their kind," than to the tact that our population is not only but of ves- terdar-it IS also very fluciiiating. True genuine, .perennial sociaity is a plant of slow growth, and , can only flourish in certain stages of society. The people who have snapped asunder all the ties of .KindiTd, who have done violence to all the fond en- jdeai-ing associations which bound them with romantic entlmsiasm to the place of their birth, the hearths and home of their sires-and have been rocked on the wide ocean that they might seek a home in the ;l^ar West,— cannot again for years enjoy that elas- ■|ticity spirit, nor that sense of freedom, which fionn a basis for the cultivation of warm, lasting |friendsh.p They have made one change and the? jknownothow soon they may make another; and •;any feeling of sociahty with them is but a fitful transient gleam of the sunshine of the soul burstinir' through those endearing memories which link the5 so inseparably to the joys, the sorrows, and the early association of their Fatherland. If they sue pd m business here, and have prospects of per- |nanenc| before them, the social feelings are too often iiep subservient to the one grand aim of acquiring wea h and a name, in the land of their adoption" _VVhatever, therefore, does not either directly or in- dn-ectly conduce to this absorbing desire is left in abeyance until a more convenient season, and thus a state of mind is gradually superinduced, the very antit^iesis of sociality in its broad expansivp. gonse , ■ -LJut, notwithstanding these admissions, Toronto in a social point of view presents rather an agreeable 82 HISTOBY OP TOBONTO. aspect Benevolent and Charitable Institutions, Churches, Colleges, Institutes, CommOa Schools and Educational Establishments of higher preten Bions, meet you at every turning. An air of quiet- ness, order and respectability pervades the streets c kI^^^^ ^''''^ ^^^''"^' ^"^ °"^ police,) and on the bapbath day the churches are comfortably filled Withm these few years several Mutual Improve- ment and Debating Societies have been formed with a view to direct the thoughts of our youn.f notto m.. ,rarrants, this power bo ns? alone vested by Masonic Law in the Grand Lod-a? Jarvis was entirely unHt for the position to whrch ho was advanced. From what we can learn, Lnior- ant of Masonic principles, too indolent or careless to attend to his duties, he trusted everythinc. to Christopher Danby. We have never yet*^ hacf tl e .p^easuroot knowing any one who believed either Danby or Jarv.s had read their letter of author ty until It was 00 late to remedy the gross irre^ulaiit es which were mtro.h.ced. Danby seems to hav bJen a £ort of dashing ellow The opportunity S an ive' ed when ho coul.l make for hiniself a lasting name ^ what he intended. Jarvis was an employee of the .Government^ the seat of which was up fo HOI m |Niagara. This place was therefore, durin^^,^ .^me the seat of the Provincial Grand M^ f^' ^^ ^J?'?"'"'^^ ^ '''''' dispensatioiS for tho iS^ff ;^^?°7' T^ *''^" "^^'^^ application tot e lAthol Grand Lodge for warrants as tliev are techui: cally cal ed This course would have avo ded a te cleal of the misfortunes of the craft whfo wiU |)e mentioned in due course. Under the advice of iSen'^fl^rf ^' r'"^'^^^'' ''''''^ dispensation^l^ la^prisTi^^ toT^^^^S^^ ^fl>l>hcation to England or lappiising the Grand Lodge of his doiuc^s issued fvarrants successively to tlfe different Lodges com |nencmg with No. 1, on aso called Register.^ AmZ to the II ^^^ ^^^'' "' ^'^S''^'^' '■' Q"eensToT2! f the Eangers, 8; Niagara, 4; etc. In all 1116^6 were some twenty Lodges thus formed. Lodges the v .Jlandestine making masons without any proper au- thonty. This the members discovered to tS c^ot Bome years afterwards. "^^"^ rr J^'tffr 1"?^^^ ^'"'Jf to thesea?Sro^'' °'' "^^"'i"'^^io^ of the removal of at Ntl^f ^%'''^}^'?\' l^^^t still continued to meet at Niagara. Provincial Grand Master Jarvis, still 8G MASONBY. continuod his office with his acoustomea masterly in- activity. Though nominally tho head, ho was in time completely ignored by tho Provincial Grand i^odgo Ills, or rather Dauby's illegal and uucousti-* tutioual government had thrown tho whole craft in- to disorder, and like a riderless steed, the Provincial Crrand Lodge, ni vain attempted to direct its own course No one had tho wisdom (which can only be lied by a weU directed experience) to guide it out ot the labyrinth of error into which it had fallen. In tins brief sketch there is not space to point out the munerous blunders and fatal mistakes into which the brethren had fallen. Suffice to say that one can on- ly wonder how by any chance so much mismanage- ment could have wedged itself into so small a space. Ill 1800 the Rawdon Lodge the progenitor of the present St. Andrew's Lodge at Toronto, from some unaccountable surmise, presuming that they were acting illegally gave up the genuine warrant issued by Ihe Grand Lodge of England, and took out a Bpunous one from P.G.M. Jarvis. All mismanagement sooner or later works its own cure or destruction. Tho Provincial Grand Lodge renionstrat^^d with Jarvis for his neglect as was per- fectly justihable but without avail. Then as thour/h tho i.r(wious disregard of all law order and tradition only paved the way for down right rebellion, the Provincial Graiid Lodge at Niagara, elected a Mr. George Forsyth Provincial Grand Master. They even went further. They formed a sort of Grand Lodge. We say sort of Grand Lodge advisedly: for While they were afraid to proclaim a grand Lodcre. yet m a covert manner it was intimated that such miglit be the effect of their action It ia somewhat remarkable that a body of men who had committed so many blunders, and had taken such il- legal measures should hesitate at this last crowning piece of folly. Danby was conspicuous in this move- ment _ He had thrown overboard his old patron, and cast nis lortunes amnno-st th^ oor^ivn.,*., Tfi:„ _is?.-_.. , J , p ., t ^^~ ^-^■- •'••i'i' "•'-••-r. ills uii rum- ery had almost failed him and he resorted to cunning. The > fiHcenc mor(; I Jar\ and pt monec to me ToK.nt ;iH tho TJu! Ni a c(Hiiii :» Lodge, I dressed comiiKj higiily i : only rei from th ^remindt fmciit, a fto rigjiti — his kr (abandon lowed to effort to [effect. Masonic **' bourne In the tful end till clai; ihe craft ;hat the ?e ai •een lost. On the the Add iive in a urist curi( „ ell merit ^Jiis Provii eo called G metl masterly in« bead, he was in •ovincial Grand al and uucouati- 3 whole craft in- 1, the Provincial ' direct its own lich can only be ) to guide it out thad fallen. In to point out the 3 into which the hat one can on- ch mismauage- Qto so small a )genitor of the ito, from some ;hat they were warrant issued id took out a works its own Grand Lodge ect as was per- 'hen as though r and tradition t rebellion, the elected a Mr. J ter. They even Grand Lodge, ivisedly : for grand Lodge, itimated that iction. It ia men who had taken such il- last crowning i in this niove- 'Id patron, and . His cuiont- ed to cunning. MASONHY. 87 The Niagara (4rand Lodg. endeavoured to rrajn the I «^ ". eney, b„t never succeeded, beeonnng Chh ^ nu.re tli.iii a h.cal injstitution. " *=• Jan is ;it la.sc bec-une aroused from his lethar-y and p rh:.ps re;ul bis patent of .■u.tburity. H. 'nul no ... ,ueet.ng of the Provincial Grand Lo -'o 10 Mto.) At this n.eetn.g Toronto was fixed u.mui ;-l.H,.ernur.ent seat ottl.o Provincial (4rand J X l.e Niagara so-.alled Grand Lodge was deno.n.ccMl • a con.,MUMicatn,n was lorvvardcd to the Ath(d W Lodge, stating this action, :uu\ a circubn lo t , 1 ;dresse.ltoaIltheLodg.Hj.olrand Master, —Grand Mas- -was adopted, ^incial Gi-and fortunate con- 5pointment of vincial Grand i Masonic stu- 3 'and, and the 5, and formed The Grand nsible for the of Athol, and iffered by Ca- man.'jgement. ud Secretary Thus ended it the absurd diaracterized is superiors. (he conven- of the craft ted "hoping 1818, hol- ered further IS unfortua J«ASONRY. B9 ately drowned while crosoinrr f,.««. a i Island of Bratt. °'°«smg from Amherst to the SECOND CONVENTION. On the 10th February Iftio tu again assembled, and ^determl'nJ^^ convention rough organization, inspection «^ "'' ^ *^^- ^ of the craft, at the'saC^^^holdl^''"^'^* amenable for their cond,7r>f t«^i granting dispensaZ Se the' £T T'' '' ^;ght he ^promoted therebv fnd 1 ^' '''^^ of the President or ^President f ^^""'r dispensations to open new Tn/„ n ^"^ ^^'^^^^ proceedings and an add, p J v. v^^'':, ^^^'^^ ^^ ^^^ first convention and tbpT ^^^'^^^f the action of the were direct'edTo' t ftll:S^^^^ Lodge of Encrland Til q . ^^ United Grand foi^rded t^e ^ap Jtd aw7 '^ '^' ^^^^-tion any obstacle to tSintercourl «? '"u °^-^^°' ^^^* pecuniary matter7 Fol fif ^""^^ ^"^^ ^ut of dition olZsZj was we/lookT^.^^' '^'''^• officers, so far is tut i7 ^.""^ ^^*e^- The thorough y efficient 7^''°''^''^^^.'^*^°'^^^' ^^re boasted^lfesTmTwtt syScTtitw"*^;' "^^ was Grand Lectnrpr a- ». i, " °' modmtor, oi Grand Visi?oriTTJ'-.''',™",P'''*'"™% te™' aome of them twi.» ?""* """='' ^'"'8^ ™rop evaded, J must he announci chronicle not forge tlie conv rt of the officers , that no his- ueut allusiou to iifficult to point official acts has id courtesy. vention (15th of bat the draft for lid. This in- 1 the officers of een purchased, seived from the oney had been courtesy of a of the Conven- Lodge of Enj^- iring more of ItfASONRY. 41 bruary 1821. answer from -no one for- cted. There who knew land. With m inquiry ia out the man low the Pro- iistricts, viz : le and Gore, t Visitor ap- as ever fore- m a man came be cherished ^ by those who have the happines.s to peruse his Mas onic correspondence. What part he took? n the first arrangements for the convention, we a^e not aware; but certamly the whole fabric s'eems to indf cate grasp of Ins intellect and masterly touch He was then a school-master at Bath. He however shortly after emerged from his seclusion and reS yed a position m the office of Provincial bWetarv in those early days of family influence when it 5 qun^d the friendship of somi dignitary to gain even : thehumblest office in the gift ^ the Crol^ S fd ndTamed T ?'"" I . ^^"^^ *^^ ^^^-^ ^fs, he haX of thP r^ ^'T'i^' ^'^'^'^ *^« ^r^^ti^to ine nanos ot the Grand Secretarv of the Unite*! Grand Lodge of England, and ascertained the anna rent cause of his inattention. Once in possession of he necessary facts, he .et himself the task of pL ba^is Masonr-y of that day on a firm and fe^ll creditable to a statesman, iie traces the history of , Mnsonry m the Province from the appointmeS of I Jarvis down to his own time, points ZtZbLl tion of the United Grand Lodge of Enojand to fe' SntofritCl 'c^'Tt'I '''^'^ the at'red^- ted h?h-d done with f^/^""^ ^''^^'' ^r^'^^ ^«^^ «^l^^t niPrmf. w . '^?'.''''^^' ^"^ ^^^ether the nu- meious letters and petitions had been laid before tL Graud Lodge of England. Mr. LaughCmldei? his business to see that this communication ?^acl.ed ts proper destination. The case had been weU put and traced by a friendly witness into the iTandso the proper parties The issue coujd no longer be evaded, Dean did his work well. AVith what plfasure must he have read the letter of Simon CgSv announcing the result of his toil. In our ha te to forforlV^; ^'^i'^-^'l oi Bean's laboi-we tVs? thp t ^ *• "''''*!°" *^^ fi^th and last ieetin^ of iZ MASONRV. t ' LAST CONVENTION, Tlie interests of the order were properly care,! for more than five years it ruled the orafl with .rea P^SfirX''^- Bu7Cl"jr '™^^ ''4-' t^ '«6 '?^^ r^-^ -"- Vr S tr ^ .1, ^i** devotion almost amountiuc. to veiiP ration they adhered to their traditions- There was «o direct msult offered-but there was that which' SlndW^Tr-"^^*^"^ ignoring of tliel Ma'' omc standing Their communications were unan ' rdgment^'Thf T?^^ P^«^^*^^ without acW-' ^ W?u ?• n • P'^^'^'^"^ and their assurances of loyalty to their mother Grand Lodge were met onlv ^^i=zrsThtnStf%p£x er^s house until she received and .^^HlZl pa»,)?ir-.5rB^x';ri^^^ o ^rtr"/ ,""™"'^'- f <■ '» «»«s -oh'°" iithtl,. , *"<"-■"'■■•" as might at once be consistent with the usages of Masom-y, the di<;uity of tho Gran- otCa \Var(l emiuc ' him. under he e> adopt, ci-aft i His m a com which is kno' lives { and th made i he mi<3 fi McG ^' held a ,' section J tion t( ,.. Sept., I author I it was ? Grand I was po] I byJohi I Grand plain :- " Pre in the I will be : tion (a signed 1 by sevej by,— "1. 1 which tl "2. I bers. 'SS. A "4. A ( MASONRY. 48 roperly cared for, ig act of this con- Jmmittee "to the lall communicHte )pIicatiou to the id that such com- ext annual meet- ud consultations, imittee being to adopted as may rning the inten- -Kngland." Fox raft with great evince the most we praise their mother Grnnd )untiug to vene- ns- There was as that which is g of their Mas- 'Qs were unan- ithout acknow- r assurances of were met only ; 56. Yet they re- I 50 passes out of | Lodges worked I Qittedly clan- " ght, and perse- iipposed moth- ^ >pted them as | la in the early lissex had ap- « and gave him I I report upon ggest such a be consistent "jnity of the Grand Lodge of England, and the undoubted ric^hts Canadian Masons. He had been one of the Gvnul ^Vardens of the Grand Lodge of England and was emi,.enUy quahfiod for the difficulUask assLnod him. His first Masonic act was to write a f tcr under date, 20th July, 1822. to John Dean in S he explained the course of action he intended to : adopt, and requested him to promulgate amon^the , craft the know edge of his (McGillmay's,) mS^i^ , His next official act was on the same day^ ud(ke^ I a communication to Edward McBride, of Nia^ramt? I which he pointed out the illegal proce d W ^fwC IS known as the Niagara Grand Lodge-tlS^ ,^e^ tives and powers of the Grand Lodge of Ern^ S" and the desn-e of H.E.H., the Duke of Sussex t^^ f made acquainted with the state of Masonr^^oUi^ I ^e"^^^. inaugurate measures fV,r its in^V^n I McGillivray set about his work in earnest H« ^ held a conference with the lea.ling S?a^ns n both sections of the Province, and theS ca led a convon St is"!'' 1^%";"?' -^^, Toronto on the S feept., 18J2. But before holding any official -uid au.hontative communication with thJiUe^ uL; es it was necessary they should first submit to tlS Grand Lodge of England. How this might be do e bv jZ D? '"* ^1 ' frt- ^^^^'^^-^ to^each Lodge by John Dean, who had been appointed Provincial Grandjecretary. The followii| extract S ex- . '' ^^"^^^^^'l^ to your representatives bein-'>«««i!3 ur but with the lise and su-e"tcd tL^.b^ '• "w^ P"''^ ™'"« °™ d P-'-nanenct^odbe Sff t|n"a'iL?n rtetr?e/rr Mie especially as the new Provinml fitand Maste? 46 MASONRY. Provincial Seo^te^Vve ™m?rt?»?P?"''"™' '" tl.0 members of Iho^ SI S , ol ' On""'' '° "" another lia8 to stand asUU r ,,'""' '^"'^ arrogated to Wm.e™''t).rit„,.''o ZvinSftl'S S? 1 1 I ^'^''"^ '^ '^^ ^» at once <' bottled nn '- from Kingston Va7>ppedfnto"tl.r'p?,'™^^f 5 Grand Junior Deacon's chair T1,I ^™^'""">1 .. Sthe'anllS ' °' '?^"""- *» clrroS i TV I 8onr ship] this jorit] scare Lodg f land, I by t] I wliat ^ range Grau ment diveri compi Lodg( others majoi speak tie fur formal sevent stead ( they VL of a S Oni issued King g No. 22 much ( favour much t ation o: howeve their ii extensi^ governr the Pre of a Coi dens of iu accor day of ]^ 1 [Iftiid and shortly ioDS were at ouce one o{ the most 1 the Province, as an, and together central portion of was another sop 8 appointment as satisfaction to all ; on. Once more I rge Adams who ,; Provincial Grand I xillivray to retire | )e made as easy f and made Senior I oe " hottled up," | 3r, The membei-g I ty and all this | 1 was hkely to | ,^ a young lawyer | " the Provincial I heir anger was f , a few honors bled waters be- MASONEY, 47 wor- the Masonry of well and on the itzgibbon, com- h such sugges- serviceable in a few years to chronicle rst forth in all hing had hap- subsequent in- „ hat the Masons :| to do with hin dignation was , to be singled 18 me the storm i" le sun of Ma' eonry rose to gladden the hearts of its shippers. "* The doctrines of territorial jurisdiction had not at tins time been very rigidly enforced, and by the ma- jority of English Irish, and Scotch Masons seems scarcely to have been understood. Hence ie find Lodges springing up here and there, first from Eni and then from. Scotland, and again others plankd by he Grand Lodge of L-eland. They subsfsted in what may be termed a sort of "happy famX' ar^ rangement until the organization of the present Grand Lodge of Canada." The peace and cS* ment which prevailed among Lodges hailing from divers jurisdictions while all the time itwafouX competent for any three Lodges t^Lm a Gra | Lodge, claim exclusive jurisdiction and force Ihe maSv o^^^^'f T '" P^^" of exclusion from the majority of regularly oonstituted Grand Lodcres speak volumes m praise of their good nature, but^l! i mation ofH ''F ^fPf^ity- Just prio; to the formation of the Grand Lodge of Canada; there were seventy or more, legally constituted Lodges and in stead ofdally,ng with the parent bodies in Europe' they might at once have proceeded to the formation of a Supreme Grand Lodge ^uJ^maiion ^ issu^l W^hP^^^lr'V""^^' ^Q^^' a warrant was iT.\j ?T^-, ^"'^^^ ^^ I^'^la^*^. constituting lu .g Solomon^s Lodge, Toronto. No. 222, and no| ^o. 22 on he Registry of Canada. To this LodJI irour'^nf ' 1^' ^'' ''' indefatigable exerLns in ZT, i ?e^^-government-exertions which had Ton of'th? r ^^f -f "g'/-ot causing the fo?m I tion of the Grand Lodge of Canada. It is pronS owever, to say, the members of King Solomon's^Ti; th ir first movement, contemplated nothSg more extensive than the formation of a local bodv for the frCin e T^ 'V''''' ^^^^^« then Sstg in wie Province This they sought through the means in a;co^rdan.Vt'^n^''^^'' ?""'^*° ^^«*i" Hamilton, fJMi ^^'^^ ^ resolution passed on the 10th day of November, 1853. The Convention met pi^ 48 MASONUT. ynnt to call on the 24th of tho same month, and Thomas Bird Harris, the present Grand Sm-otMzv was chosen President. The discussion e J^^ ed i7a very generally expressed de.ire to form an Inde ^^^^'^'^ pendent Grand Lodge; but as the dele^a^es" ad n^ iin^tai proper authoiity to vote for this mea^n' U.^ wo^ '"" ^^ and increased power. King Solomon's Lod-e pass- ed resolutions in favour of an Independenr gS wTt^"'^''^J?'"*''«*^«" ^i^l^tlie English and Scotch Lodges. On the assembhng of the Con^ on apTointed^t"' ''Y ^.'^^ ''''' ^ CommiuTZ appointed to report a draft constitution for the ^in^^^^'^ ""-'^ - adjourned me^^l! me?"at*Hnr.^^f' "^ P^*"^^''' *^^« Convention ^otnvi T^-^.f' •""* "« *^^ Committee wag not prepared with a report it was again adjourned to meet at Toronto, 9th November, 1854. Here we have a singular change in affairs. Having pim'dld h:vfS[inToV", '''f'f' ^^^^'^ -^ '^^^ ment of « P '"''f^'^ "^'^ °^ '^^^""S *l^e ettablish! r.^ ff. T*^y ^"* with the ;,o,m-o/m./.^ „v,. nr. r. for new Lodges. How this came about mav toimation of the movement, and made a pronosition to the Convention, to establish the Provincial Grand W^^^- Lodge with ..7r«on/e.«,.^ powers, ^. .., the po wei of r^ilso,,, appointinprtbpiv r>,xrr, !>„:.„:„.•., U ', ," p"wti^ or m ^^ ' [ris, as C si^career oi and it is Grand b _ It is n jtioD hen Grand I 'Lodge. Solou lowiii, Tl , Engl I! Ititiuiii fScotla 'thL /'; sChowH lof do'i notoric tuey bi th( m. moot A dop The Pi pected, th(^ '"ev( ciiil Gr their Ii adjonri] y'nil Coj ilOth da llieads a iThe rep llodges r [form th Icepted I Anr.nlr,+;r.«fl.^- "^■•"'^' jt;"wcir,, t. e., me power Ton V? r ^ ^T *''^" Provincial Grand Mas er. The areedtoT./^''^ ^^'^'"'*^ liberal concessions agreed to accept upon condition that a further ,rtra. or.hnary T^ower was conferred-viz., the privilege of answe? Z^lXl' "^^^^ "^^^^^ '^ ^-^'^ fo'eseeir tl^' would l^veh '"^"'^''i '" comphance with which Trni^ t7 ?°i ^'l''^^ *^ *1^^ estabhshment of a mPntTf "' ? '^^' '"'^'«^- It >« t^^e old attach. ^— - men so strongly manifested by the Kingston Con- l^"*! ^avi iaud, dated 8th January, 1858, was read in King i^^^PP^" MABONHY, mtne montli, and Grand Socrofiiry, ^sion resnhod in a form an Inde- delegates Jiad Jiot leasure, they woro r newinstnictions ion's Lodge pass- dependent rirand i to the nr-xt con- the EnglisJi and ig of the Conven- Committee was titution for the adjourned meet- he Convention Committee waa figain adjourned 1854, Here we Having provided and reguhirity, ig the establish- mder the Grand f'f ofissuiiuj wii •- ime about may bad obtained in- le a proposition rovinciiil Grand •:, the power of . id Master. Tho 'al concessions, a further c.rtra- he privilege of ve foreseen the ice with which iblishment of a refused. But .g the old attach- | Kingston Con- 1 1 Lodge of Ire- read in King 49 Solomon',. Lodge, 10th of May, 1855 when ih. f 1 lowniK r(,solu.ion was passed ^ ^''^" -That the delegates of this Lodge bo inotructed to advocate at the „,eeting in Hamilton on t e 1 4 h insUmt (4th Miy. 1855) a united action with tho .Enghsh odges of Canada West./;.,- .A. ZpZ ft^ ,W.omug ho Grand Lodge of England, Ireli,^ Vnd :^ v;;7;^''"^r 'T'r"r ^-"^"^X"^ t/u.. I ,n, uw. Ihough extreme y curious, this sill ,«hows a strong yearning for indepindenc^ ' A ^ |0f do-ng somethmg which would make thJ in^berl U^otonous, seems to have seized the Convt^iST So |uey beg.n Wkn.g about for some one else to hi^ rtlum. The English Provincial Grand Lodge won d |mcet on the lUth July following. Harn^^o^^ , M deputation was sent to propose omJvp.r The Provxcial Grand Master asTrt^^^^eS""- ff^t^d, r;ded ail such suggestions out 0/ !^^ N^ S/L^fSlfr'^A^'^^^^ '^''' enthusiasm^ Itnur lush brethren. A meetmg was called after the |ad,onrnn,en of the Provincial (£-and LodgJ^ a ^t! .m, Unvenh(>n called to meet in Hamilton ^'S^ 10th day of October fo lowint? Af fl.iu +; "".i"e ^«uU and strou,„ wills ZtuUu TllTJZ' ° m le 'iGri' Cr ^T^"^'^ to form, a„,| did .„ t i.r """^''^""S^of Ancient F,-oe, and Ac |co, ted Masons of Canada," with Col/ William Ct; ,i. „^ ^\-^™'"' Master, and Tlwmas Bird Har- caicu of tho Grand Lodge has been most successful Gri'.:,h„rs°rti^:;:i'd^.'«-"""' --' ^^^ It IS merely for the purpose of ficcnracv we m^n irur/oirr?' »"? n^^ assuiisT^dron tZ" Ke Thfllf''"''^''' ?y .''■^ Provincial Grand uibappomtraeut. It is an odd old maxim, that ''there- eputyGrand Master V McLean, Ingersoll Grand HeniorWardea (I Junior Chaplain Treasurer Kegistrar Secretary S. D. J. D. Supt. of Works D. of C. P. Stephens, Toronto........ ;ev. C. Forest, MerrickviUe..*.' ., [enry Grotf, Simcoe... «« |J. B. Bickell, Brooklyn .'..'. «' IT. B. Harris, Hamilton «« E. Racicot, Sweetsburg [ << H. J. Summers, Belle Ewart.... " |Chauncy Bennett, Portllowan* " I James Gibson, Windsor '« u. ot ij 1 J. J. Mason, Hamilton ' A. A. Creasor, Owen Sound.. HughO'Neil, Campbellsford.." ' ihomas Brook, Perth " (>. S. Oldreive, Kingston.. wT- ?• Ormand, Peterboro: , H.W. Summers, Hamilton.... Grand Tyler. Grand Stewards £2 MASOXRY. If 1 WSTEICT DEPUTV GBAND MASTEES. Jolin Tracy, Petrolin ol I. F T,.m« ^^^ 1 Wilson A. B. Petrie, Guebli w ,r j:k w Ti.^E''' sr •■ J. Wrisht, Port Hope oT ° E C PUnf u 11 11 Ontario .< Join. Ken-, Kingslou . ^"""e hawai-d ■' w. X. E.ub,, St- w.:;;tr :: , BOYAL ARCH MASONS. of Officers :^ ^'^ subjoin, however, the list T. Douglas Harlngton,Ottawa..Grand Z ^ F oi ?'*°" ^^'^^"^*^' Toronto. '°h" ' ^rand ^.Arna^uehowdon,Montre^ " G f Council. i.Jiiul Hams, Hamilton.... onald Ooo. M -X H. S |E. Ken ■J. Diml iD. R. ]\J ^iigh A, ■ Gord ». S. Et E. Cii : eoman ?'raucis M. Dows jjoo. Gro Tobn Tw ,„rolui L. J %hx. Ma; This 0] W. J. H. qnent caui -the positii oral for th t;;c Grand tuto Lodge likely to i MASONRY. go > Masters ^ ^ GRAND SUPERINTENDENTS. Jno .A MacKenzie Snrnia London District. Pin- r>- - . *^- ■'^- J^eard, Wooistock.... Wilson Clair District. |olm Dutton, Stratford.... .\Hmr t ;; &'''•' ^^•*«^-"' H-niiton...::HSon :: ^ ?rw ^fF^h T"^'°"*° Toronto linRton ' n, n p^^'*' I'^^'^^^^'o' Ontario Ivr^ir :: ^- ^- ''™' «*• ^«^- :.:::Ntrnswici. :: i^a w real «« ~ '^ ;: ^'f/i ^^^^«^T' Hamilton Grand 1st Ass't Soi'r XGorclon Bigelow, Toronto... " 2ud .. ''J "^ iJ. b. Eastwood, Ottawa w Swn,-^ r E. R. Carpenter, Collingwood.: «' Standard'''' Jc-oman Gibson, Whitby «. n.V p '^ f'anci3 Westlake,LonJion.::::: '« o;.^""' ^' ^r. t)owsley, Prescott . pSf . Geo Gi-nv.^a Qj^ n ii • -t^ursuivant vTcu. uioves, bt. Uatliarines \ John Tweddell, Quebec / John L. Harris, Mooreton, N B / '* Stewards 3curred which Alox. Matheson, Stratford. " ' I 'on Chapter of "^ fvever, the list | 3 X w AEK MAEINEES. I { Grand M mj, ■ ^ j . } ( Council, .fc yVM'T''^^?*'°*^"''*^^"*°C^«ada by Col I'easurcr. Order. W. Com. George C. 64 MASONRY. Longley, of Maitland, applied for aud obtained the warraut for the "Morton Edward's" Lodge, at Maithmd, the first in the Dominion. The " Ohve Branch " Lodge, at Orilha, was next instituted by Robert Rauisay, as the first W. Com. N. W. Com. N. Gordon Bigelow obtained a warrant for the " 3IcLcod Moore " Lodge, at Toronto. The degree 1 ad been many years ago communicated by the First Principal of St. John's Chapter, Toronto, under ihe authority of the Gi-and Chaptc- of Scotland. But it had never been worked, and Tike all other degrees which are neglected was soon forgotten. It is generally understood that a Grand Lodge for the Dominion will soon be formed, and this branch of Masonry put upon a firm footing. CEYPTIC MASONRY. ROYAL AND SELECT MASTERS. T. D. Harrington M. P. G. M. Diuiiel Spry R. p. D. G. M. W. J.B. 3IcLeodMoore.P. D. G. M. Thomas Sargant R. P. G. M. (f. H. Patterson, Lis. Genl. Western Division D.McLelian Ins. Genl. Eastern Division N. Gordon Bigelow Ins. Genl., Quebec. R. Rnmsay Grand Recorder T. W. Anderson Grand Treasurer J. W. H. Wilson Capt. of Guards Rev. Canon Ramsay Grand Chaplain M. Mc'Leod Master of ceremonies W. Elliot Conductor G. H. Corbett ) „, . J. A.Arda-h ^ Stewards John L. Dixon Sentinel The degrees conferred in Coun-ils (as the regular meetings are called) of Royal and Select Masters MASONRY. ud obtained the d's " Lodge, at n. The " Ohve tt instituted by 1. N. W. Com. ^arrant for the to. The degree inicated by the , Toronto, under vr of Scotland. 1 like all other 1 forgotten. It I Lodge for the this branch of 65 ERS. [. M. estern Division istern Division uebec. ler irer •ds lin emonies af3 the regular elect Masters ,were introduced into the Dominion from the United I States, by Eobert Marshall of St. John's New ^Brunswick, in 1867. Mr. Marshall's afbrts were crowned with success. In a very short time a suf- ficient number of councils were estabhshed to en- able him to form a Grand Council for New Bruns mch He was elected first Grand Master and im- mediately communicated with Mr. T. D. Harrington of Ottawa, with a view to introducing the rite in On- tario and Quebec and issued a patent givinghimfull authority A few here and there had received the ..degrees, bii* m> r l^^j^ organized bodies were iformed until 1870. Eobert Eamsay of Orillia, ever m the tore front m such matters, has the honor of establishing the first Council in Ontario At a special assembly of the Grand Council of New Brunswick, held in November, 1870, a warrant was issued, constitutri- the Shekinah Council of Orillia. ^ext in the roll or, appears thename of Daniel bpry, theprese:,- J'.puty Grand Master. To him -.J(/o«trfl?n Council owes its existence. The warrant bears date the 18th January, 1871. The Zabud Council of Bradford, was the next in order of time, toder T. Sargant, and then followed the Harrinyton ot Gait, under G. H. Patterson. Around this few had gathered a couple of scores of enteqmsing and able masons. They determined that the rite should be placed fairly before the Can- Rdian fraternity, and already the harvest has ar- rived Apphcations for councils are coming in mora rapidly than had been anticipated On the 8th of August, 1871, pursuant to a call lade by a circular forwarded to each Council, there jsembled m the Masonic Hall, Toronto, a full quota »t delegates and distinguished visitors, for the pur- lose of forming a Grand Council for Ontario. It i'ould seem superfluous to add they did so on the fpot. Jurisdiction was claimed over the Provinces It Ontario and Quebec, The election of officers re- uUed in the selection of the list prefixed to this ar- The Grand Council of New Brunswick and several BQ MASONRY. other Grand Councils have already extended a fra- ternal recognition. The honors of this grade are open only to those who love labour as well as Ma- sonry. If any one has regularly worked his way through the various offices in the prior grades, and ultimately attains the mastership of a Council, it may be fairly said that his chances of death from in- tellectual stagnation are very doubtful. OEDEK OF THE TEMPLE AND HOSPITAL. E. E. Frater, W. J. B. McLeod Moore, Grand Prior. '* T. D. Harrington... Deputy Prior. " T. B. Harris Grand Chancellor S. B. Harman Pro. G. Com. Ont. " A. A. Stevenson.... " " "Quebec. " Robert Marshall. . . . Grand Seneschal. J. W. Murton Prov. Gd. Prior. « Henry Eobertson...Pro.Gd.Sub-Prior " Eev. V. Clementi .. Grand Prelate. - H. W. Day Grand 1st. Capt. " E. M, Copeland "2nd T.B.Harris "Chancellor. •* C. Schomberg Elliott " Vice-Chan. " Charleb Magill *« Registrar. " S. H. Henderson... " Treasurer. W.E.Harris " Chamb'rlain, *• E. E. Carpenter.... " Ho,spitaller. " James F. Denistoun " D. of C. E.C.Flint " 1st. Expert. ♦• G. D. Wyman " 2nd " •' MarcellusCrombie.. " 1st St'd. Br, '♦ D. Pitceathly " 2nd " " A. E. Boswell ''Almoner. " J. H. Steams " IstAide-de-C " H. W. Delaney "2nd " " W. W. Wait '« Capt of lines^ *• Charles Ostrauder.. «' let Herald. I " Robert Taylor «* 2nd " " John Kennedy " Stan'd Bea'r| " John Dixon " E(iuerry. I r extended a fra- jf this grade are \x as well as Ma- y worked his way irior grades, and 3 of a Council, it of death from ia- Jtful. MASONRY. m ^D HOSPITAL. ore, Grand Prior. Deputy Prior. Grand Chancellor Pro. G. Com. Ont. " " " Quebec. Grand Seneschal. Prov. Gd. Prior. Pro.Gd.Sub-Prior Grand Prelate. Grand 1st. Capt. '« 2nd " " Chancellor. " Vice-Chan. " Eegistrar. " Treasurer. " Chamb'rlain, " Ho.spitaller. " D. of C. " 1st. Expert. " 2nd " '• 1st St'd. Br, «' 2nd " '« " Almoner. " IstAide-de-C " 2nd " " '* Capt of lines " Ist Herald. ^ ** 2nd '■' " Stan'dBea'i '* E Moore appoint* a Grand Prior by patent dated the : hrst day ot May of that year. It is understood tiie > rights and privileges extended to fratres in the Do- : minion, under the rule of the Grand Priory, are greater than under the Provincial Grand Con- clave } The Grand Priory assembled lov the first time at their Jmuhjuarters, (the term by which the place of ..annual meetmg is called, in humble representation I of tli^language of military men) at Montreal, on I the 12th ol August, 1808. Since this date the |afiairsof state under the guiding hand of Colonel I Moore have continued to move on smoothly— not a fripple disturbs the surface. To the mman,ler^ W J B M.T";r' ^Vr^r i^'°-2""^ ^'' Commander Bui'uA^v' f^""'::;;^^-^-^-^- 3a°G.O. CONSTANTINi: liivalric order wag of tlio present ceii- islied subsequently lew life was infused afht William Ueni-v Sovereign. UpoD 6, Lord Kenlis was >nlis apiiointed Col, Dominion, and T. tor for Ontario and ^e been opened in )nclave at Orillia, as been one of llie slaves are Trenton 3 in his possession n Toronto — a pro- I for by those in. )robable that steps I. supreme yoveru- SOTTISH RITE., v.Gd.Oommander t. Lt. Commander,^ d Lt. Commander I •O.&Min.ofState" 1. Clianeelior I. Treasurer M.A. & Re^.«t>ve spheres, b„t tbeyLve sMHomv^^^^^ ^'^'''' ^^^« P"'>Iic know s.Ua.omy. They belong to differe.it systems and en some respects local. Gradually as tlTpant a branch extends it becomes divesLd of ts local i on 7o? tl"'"'"'.^" '""-^^ P'-^'""'-^^ place nX n m . 1- ' ''^'''" ^'"^ "ot Masonic in their utme or traditions; but as their portals are opened y to those who have taken certain debris in ^^;;igh. Templar and t^l^-o^Ur^^^ m^"!lotin^ ''U^'f^'' ^''' ^'' "« connection n nc Is Tenl^^^'^''''^:^'*^^ ^^^'•"'«>-«' Chapter, T dT{ ' ^' -^^'^ ^"'^ Constantine and othe^ .Ides less g(>nerally known. Its governmen i« oily distinct and its members have no rS o vi •mdes^S'vT ^^^°"f*"""" °'* "^°'-^^ °t' th««e ore .',lvo 1 ^'^'^H' *^^' atlherents among the oie advanced and mfluential members of the dif! ''"*. 62 MASOMRY. forent rites, thus forming; a moans of fellowsliip ainoiisi; tlie most distinsjfuished Masons of tho a'en Sta ildey, J ms of fellowship isons of the a.ij;e, | autaiiidt collision 1 I, WiiJit may ulti- | of selection it is f ; is q life certain, ^ iQ on their guard | more leiMtim.ate I [jui)y the territor)' THE INDEPENDENT OEDER OF ODD FELLOWS. , a scheme was e government of Qsmitted to tlie England for con- of that hody has ead offices of the located in Himil- , •xt this governing s are suhjoct to Council of Eng- rsed as may be litted to see the body. A sliglit d out. Such as and privileges rs of the rite in 1, and in order bt on the out ade and on the j;ated authority,a| the powers and) r in which thesej and transmittecl.l mied those whol Ijers, and calledf ■ Consistory." I The Independent Order of Odd Fellows, havino. ^ow, utter an existance of nearly (5y) fifty-thre? ears, become, one of the most important of tho lany benevolent institutions on this Continent, vhich honors the age in which we live, a short ac- count ol Its rise and progress, also, a brief glance at Its i-urposes may not prove uninteresting to the Inany readers of The IJi>story of Toronto aSi its In- ftiUitions. ^ Tlie Birth of Odd-Fellowship in America, took |)lace ni the City of Baltimore, on the 26th day of ^I-n I 1819 In the year 1817, Thomas Wildey-its ounder-who for thirteen years previously, had ecu an indetatigable laborer iu the cause of 0eeon Welch imore, Thomas John Duncan, John Cheatham 64 ODD FELLOWS. '^, I and Riclmrd Ruahwonli, beeaine tho Charter mnn Uers ot Wiirilinigton Lodge, No. l. t'Vom theHo facts it might he considered that tli- Iiiuopuiuleiit Order of O.hl J-Vllows were to a cert.-iit extent, an oil-shot from the Mjuicliestcr Unity • \v It must he borne in mind, that the organization „ this i\ew Lodge, was performed wholly indeiienthir of It, and mdced, might he termed, a self-created in stitntion It neverthek;ss niot with the hearty .-.i^ proyal ot the Manchester Unity authorities in Kn'- land, and a Charter hearing date 1st Fehruary, Iti-Hi was forwarded to Washington Lodge, No. 1, by i'k lu '/ r.^°'''' ^^'"'^-''^ J'l-eston Lancaster, and u 1H26, a Charter engrossed on parchment, from tin trrand Master and Orhcers of the Order ir. England recognizn>g tho Grand Lodge, United States, a^nd re linqiiishmg all claim to jurisdietion in the Order r America, was conveyed to the Grand Lodge, Unite btates. * For the first ton years the progress made by tlit Urdor in America was necessarily slow, its or\vs wore to u cert.-iir Chester Unity ; yv, the organization u: wholly iiKh'pc'iKhii :'''eson, and from the |incel843. "^e work had been m operation vvaies, JNo. 1, located in Montreal, estab- 66 ODD FELLOWS. hshed in May, 1843 The next was the Queen. No 2, saine place, chartered in OctobelM 84 " an 1 the third, Prince Albert, of Sl John's, ol ai tered ^n * ebruary. 1844 The Grand Lod^e of the Provtce o Canada was located at Montreal! and wL clnr er e tablf^^r^^n' ^?''- ^^'''' were also Two fiSs est.ablished in Quebec, vi.., the Albion, and MeS The Encampment Branch of the Order woq oio. represented. The first Encampment orgSk^beit GvJ^V ' chartered in June, 1836; and the te;:fin^re;T8T' '''''-' ''' ''°"^^^^^' ^^- ''- At the Annual Session of the Grand Lodcre TJnifed States in 1846, the Grand Lodcre and G.^nd Fn endent Tribunal, which request was granted and the Grand Lodge of British North AmeHca vvnls ere ated having as 4ts officers a M. W. Grand S re ^ it. W. Depu y Grand Sire, and other officers Vhp woiK with certain other reservation which murht "%;"*r«t the reader at this time. ""^''' zanTberf '"'of (r'l ^'? ^^ ^""''^^'^ ^^^ ^'^- ^onti- ^dnioeit, ot 31ontreal, who sfill ha\A fi.«* t.o„ on .he occa™,, of B,.„° jtlJt^tL'^^r <"i? the G.-an,l W^-e of British North Ame io-, nf at^,e p.^«;j^, :f • A;^a;"?,\::d,:r'u;;;s btates, to that posit on. In his renm-t hL o i en.our.^ingly ^f the work ofZ oZl' ^ bS Nor 1 America at that time. cfi" \t ^°^'"wing y«nr wc find Bro. Huffh Edmon- stone Montgomery, of Montreal, occupy f. the Z tion of Special Grand Kepresentativl'toVe gS Lodge, about tl Brock vi St. Catl West, a The( an exist efficient the Lodi |Bet forth 4vide the '4 A nun •fdesire t( ,enade st Wnited S Ibody, wh fvincial I Jtious in I [Canada ] ork in t reason hi owship : aps, be } hat, Odd inderstoo sated in ti lesigned i lows them 'hen as no Howeve 11 a dan ounder, f( >Gi'and Pro nlle, at th( Vbi Fello »nd in At ^tSiibordinal >aniidaWe -eynolds o n existenc( ■ille; Onta 'atharines; ODD FELLOWS. vas the Queens, tobel-, 184,'^, and I's, ohartered in of the Province -nd was charter- ilso two Lodges 30, and Mercan- Order, was also )rganized, being Montreal, char"^ Encampment, s Encampment, 1836; and the real, also char- Lodge, United nd Grand En- ■eated an Inde- ' granted, and lerica was ere- , Grand Sire, a er officers the id States, and > Odd Fellow- 3 independent | ier the seci-et which might i Bro. Monti- I J that posi- Ridgley visi- I America, at ative, on the n appointed 'dge. Urn" ted t, he sj)eaks r in British igh Edmon- ng the posi- o the Grand 67 dge, TJmted States, at its Annual Session. Tt was 4j^.out this tune that the Order sprung into Life hi .B.-ockvdle, Kingston, Cobourg, Toroni^, Ham U^,n ^^X^i^l:^r ""'''" p°^"^« ^^ ^--^^ The Grand Lod^e of British North America after an existence ot seven years, having depended for its efhc.en working upon the exertions of members of the Lodges in Montreal (who for some reaTon „ot se fonh had decided to\.bandon the workand Ti vide the funds) became defunct A number of tW subordinate Lodges having no closire to discontinue the labor in the good cfufe made such representations to the Gran.l Lod.e,' in ted Sates, and requesting Charters from h-i ^mcIal Deputy appointed to each of the Jurisdic- tions m British North America, viz., Canada We? Canada East, and Novia Scotia, t^ su,>ervize the .vorK in their several Jurisdictions. No sufflcie ? eason having been given for tlie decay of Odd pj owsh.p m Canada, at this time we might per- .h.it. Odd Pehowship was not at that time pronerlv inderstood, the peoj.le were not sufficienUy ^d f |ated m the work which the Order was 2c'Z" esigned to accomplish, nor perhaps, did Odd Fc ^ 11 a dangerous condition was not destined to oundei^ for an able crew from Canada We t -i .^l"fe at^rT^'\ ^'^'y' -^'•- I^eynolds of i3 : : nle, at heir head, took such measures as enabled Jdd Pellowship to ride safely throuo-h the stum 5"? 'I ^"S"^^' 1^^^' ^ cJispcisation^o o ' a d a Swi: ^'T' ^'''^' "^ ^'^« Jnrisdic ion of -•HnjdaWest,wasforwarded toGrand Provincid D,.,, %nolds of Brockville. The folIovvnnc'LoXe' v er^ nexis^uceat that time, viz.: Brock,°N;?9: Bi.; £ e; Ontario, No. 12, Cobourg, Union, No 16 S 'atharines; Industry, No. 25," Grafton- Bose, INo; "^ 68 ODD FELLOWS. 28, Amherstburg; Chatham, No. 29, Chatham; Lureka No. 30, London; Morpeth, No. 31, Mo r' reth; I.lg,n No. 3;. St^ ThomL ; Erie, No. 3, i'urt BuvwiiW ; and Gore, No. 34, Brantford frn.n ?''%'" n^'V'^' ^-'T'^ ^^'^'^ ''^ "'^''^'^'^"^^ ^0 a call 1. oiu Gr. 1 D. J^eynolds, representatives from Brock, Union, Industry, L.ireka and Elgin Lo.lges met a Bmckvilleand atter electing tliefollowin.r Bros as olhcers, adjourned, to meet in Brantfo?d, in the lollowmg October. Bro. Dr. Reynolds of Brock, No. 19 Grand Master C \^uleofNo 16 Dep.G. Master Cameron ot No. 34 Grand Warden DuonofNo. 12 Grand Secretary Claris ot No. 32 Grand Treasurer In the following Oct. it met at Brantford and ad- op ed a constitution. That meeting although not' so well attended as might have bee.i desired, co.itained suthcient vitality to place the order on a more nros- perous footing in Canada West than before. Of the eleven Lodges in existar.ce at die formation of the Gi-and LcMlge, Canada West, five have gone down, yet in 1868 we find the number of Lodges increased to seventeen. Li that year the order spruucr i„to existence in the city of Toronto, when the folbwin- i Bros applied to Henry McAfee, Esq., M.W. Grand ' Master otWmdsor, for a dispensation to organize a Lodge m Toronto John J. Ramsay, W.R Roberts, M.blume, James Richardson andLeipman Watters and on the I4th January 1868, Cana.hi Lodge was instituted. This event was hailed throughoutCntario as a good omen, of the future success of the order' I as si .wn by the large attendance from all parts of the Jurisdiction, on the occasion of its institution. . in the following October Covenant Ladcre No '>6 I wasorgani/ed, and to-day occupies a foremost position " among its sister Lodges of the Province. Since then i tliere have been two additions to the roll of city I Lclges. viz. Queen City of Ontario, No. oQ, and The I Toronto No. 71, this Lodge although, only iustitu-j I ODD FALLOWS. 69 I Lodi^es met, at 'llowiiii,^ Bros as •rantford, in the Grand blaster Dej).G. Master irand Warden jraud Secretary i-raud Treasurer '■;...lfo '-d. • '^' I ^^ *:",'^»"'l">.e"t branch is also represented by .tiv.,ro„.Broc, pf^:^^tTS'%:Z. ^^.t!: fas been made throughout Ontario; during the%ear indnig m August 1870, there had been ten new lodges organized, and during 1871 there were fonr^ JEon; at that time there were forty-four (44^ Lodees til existence m Ontario, with a membershir/of ysln nee the end of the last fiscal year, which expirc'd August 1871, there have been a number of ievy Lodges formed m various parts of Ontario ilnch will make the total liumber of Lodges itbs f .-ovince about fifty or upwards. The En'ampmen altlaough not so |-n,>ment was institSted^A^r ISeJlirtlJ^'S^^ f Hamilton, but is not permanently located there as s annual sessions are held at the same place as the rvand Lodge, and just one day earlier. ' The place .neeUngfor the Grand Lod/e is ch , geable e^veiT t.u Ihe next session of the Grand Lodge will n of im^f "'V?P 'V^' ^^^^" °^ Win^ro mt of 1871 was held in the city of Toronto, when .'sired, contained on a more pios- before. Of the >rmation of the tve gone down, odges increased er sprung into m tlie followiiio' [., xM.W. Grand •n to organize a , W.R Roberts, ipman Watte rs, da Lodge was LighoutGntario, ^ of the order, •om all parts of ts institution. Lodge No. 26 remost position ice. Since then le rol! of city o. 56, and The h, only iustitu- TO. John Gibson, Stratford, M. W. Grand M.ister JohnMurrayClifton R W. Dep. G. Master t'onn Hunter. LnnHr»n u n.. A i ttt John Hunter, London... J.B. King, Brantford « A. p. Clement, Brantford J.P\ McDonald, IngersoU John Schneider, Chatham (>.W. Pontine, P.'Bur well Grand Warden Grand Secretary Grand Treasurer Grand Marshall Grand Con. Grand Guardian IBro.Jas. Woodyat Brantford, who bc,s h--ld fhn nnnber of years was re-elected to the «amn posi- n, at the annual meeting of the Grand Lodge, 70 ODD FELLOWS. every subordinate Lodge in its Jurisdiction is repre sented by one or more of tlioir past Grauds, accord ■■ in,ni Bei iin, says: " I can assure yon thrt c^w Order in rope IS a fixed Institution, without a single feeb] sickly feature or expression. Indeed 1 prophesy ODD FELLOWS. "urisfliction is rcpre ast Grauds, accoi-il which the Lod^t 71 le progress of tli Clanada, we turn on: Id and discover tlm found a lodgment i: aha, New Zealand ater, notwithstaiid t-roujided its intn 3 been firmly plai ny and Switzerlami ro. Dr. J. F. Morsf bstacies, persevere d will to men," an; izing Wurtembiu. urtemburg, on Df; ^pril, 1871, was ii;; nthe City ofBorlifl embers are fonij tions ill the socii: which they ck ' jt> future succe?> • is again found i: ly recovered from at work, and f n organizing Sni Still anxious u JgraspoftheSwiif ig amonjTst tin'' ie ratio of its growth will far outstrip ours in tbp ext ten years." Since fbonoT^^ 'i , ^"® fcit,.ted .^n Lima, Ca? tel rPo™ ^' J"' ^'"l '"" llanced briefly at the progress wiohlh, IZ '"• low making, anj no donbt win i„ .' ^'^ '^ La the Xle w„rW fs locked „ the f™: '° T^'' ■ace of Friendship, Love a°S Truth '"'"'" ""■ d. It IS also incumbent upon everv LorlS! f!. ^ >rse IS provided. Should a Brothei- desire to ?rave VT'T^ ^'^^ ^ document, termed a Trave ' f^t^o-t^«--^l2r;j 'se. This ,s a most beautiful feature of the Tn«ff lances ^ ^'^'^'' ""^'" ^'^^'^ P^^^li^r circum- Dear reader were you never stricken with illness a strange p ace, with no kind friend to mim'" er fn ssib e 1 . °'if '" *°"^*erest themselves inlvery 72 ODD FELLOWS. possibility, suppose that friends shorld snddeiilvl appear to you, and you would then feel sur's that 'lill that skill or attention could devise, wa^. beiuo- ,ione i to restore to you your vonted healtis which you ' ultimately o!>tained, how would you refrard ^the agency through which ho much had been accom- , , l>lished for you? You w,;uld most certainly con- fo^'^ty- sider such an agoncy as one which it would be most '^°""*7 desirable to perpetuate, and ontit^d to f ,11 your sup ^^'^'«'<^^- ' port. This IS one of the works which Odd Fellftw- ship is continually doing ; „or m.s doiA^. the Liiristia- liurch was bound to a • . r as an ally. fesp( taught ; .»nd frat( ■ (u this iccupy tc show t ititution, lan, and 'les, as 1 »f Odd I •rosperit;; 1819, c >ped in c e Order 100; its tween 45 lake thof mounts ■ ivolent pu '51 67. ixclusiveh .ccumulat 'as $20,9; a magni •rethren, 'uilding u irder to e 'rder. D |ihere has 1 fcers and w '} Still mo] :ration of ■cter of th appalling c itroughout ihorld siiddeiil' feci sura that ;u! waf; beiuo^ aid, " thai i irsiS doing, thei t it as au ally. | ODD FELLOWS. 73 C ..-Fellowship reached men where the church |. J not, Jvnd made them better men, and then the |t.M nee of the Church could be felt by men who tori no^ be influenced by this means before." The iiidopendent Order of Odd Fellows is not a national *oeie y-demanding allegiance to any p^Sr ijountry or government ; it is cosmopoHt^ in £ St '^«1 '^'' '^^^'f /"I sentiment ofVtriotism laught; all are urged to be faithful to their country, ^nd fraternal to their fellow-man ^ ^ la this article it would not, perhaps, be wise to eccupy too much t me or space ; we hlv'e endeavored *o sliow the most important points of this great S f^itution and note how it operates on the family of J^an, and with such purposes, based on such princl toM ^.r ''^^r''^ i^ the Independent Order L i . "'''r ' ^^^ ^'^'^^ ^or «^«li unparalleled fn mo L'fv'' ^''^f '' '^'' ^*« inauguration in 1819, on this continent, remains no longer envel- Teolrrr'^' ^^'' ^^^''^''' membership of ml it V^ America, will reach about 400.- |U0 , Its annual increase is now at the rate of be- tti^r r^ '''"''• ''' -nud^;;j!i fake those of last year— were $3,473,46163 ^^mounts paid by the Order in carrying out its ben! 51 ?7 ''Trff ^^•'"^° "^' P^^* y''^'' ^erc $1,090,. 51 67. Of this amount $133,317 83 was devoted xclusively to the relief of widowed families The iccumulated capital of the Order down to July 1871 m S20,934,200. invested, or in the hands ofiodges' ethren, all of whom are equally interested in the •u Iding up a fund in their respective Lod-es in nler to carry out the beneficent purposesSf 'th Jrder Durmg the past year we find in Ontario e rat'/w-r ^ff -1' ^''^ ^^^ *^»^ relief of mem- oers and widowed families. -ra^iini nrnJ-"'"''*^''' ^.^ ''^''^ *^« disastrous confla- ofernfk^nf'' as Bhowing the benevolent char- nnalliL . 1 '-f'- ^ "I" *^^ °«^« ^^ ^his most C il?^ r r'*^ ''''' ^'^"^ ^•'»«h«^ over the wires tiiioughout the country, Odd Fellows met together 74 ODD FELLOWS. and took iramecliate steps to mitigate the suffering,. of those involved in distress by the ever memorable burning of Chicago. Meetincfs of the Order were culled wherever a Lodge existed, throughout the length and breadth of the land. The position of the brotherhood in Chicago, thus suddenly reduced from affluent or comfortable circumstances, to be iu want of the 1 ire necessaries of life, was the theme. What was the result ? Prompt and immediately, it was decided, that money, provisions, &c , wereneces-^ sary at once. And almost before the fire was com- pletely extinguished, cars freighted with every com- fort were despatched on their mission of Love, and monej was forwarded simultaneously from many cities, all of which was appUed to the best advantage. The work of distribution was conducted by a com- mittee of four gentlemen, who have given every| satisfaction. One tliousand Odd Fellows and their 1 famihes, j-epresenting an aggregate of five thousandj persons, have been cared for exclusively by tbej Independent Order of Odd Fellows. An approximate? estimate sets down the amounts received from the| various Jurisdictions, as being about $108,000. Inj this way did the Order demonstrate its ability in thel time of peril, to afford rehef to brothers in distressj Although the requirements of this case was varied! and extensive, yet were they all promptly ^et, and| the savage wolf of starvation and misery sent howl- ing away. Nor when the physical wants were all! supplied did Odd Fellows cease their labours ; still,] one thing remained to be done, and that was toj provide each of the nine Lodges, which were suffer- ers by the fire, with a beautiful, heavy, morocco- bound, clasp Bible, gotten up in superb style, and appropriately inscribed. Thus quietly and without ostentatk)u, is the work of Odd-Fellowship performed, wherever it is found to exist, affording material aid to its members whenL, under adverse circumstances, which (according to|i the terms of the contract between a Lodge and itsH members) is accepted as their just right, and not as] a charity. Add to this material aid, the strong sym-' )athy w "ot all tr the trip] to rejoic with eai I "We M ;reatise t tract a /Ve alluc to our nj b'ellows, lialtira Jnity h imply, tl tiouul pa re distir )ur nann Pellows 1 [nstitutic Independ issu'ue i trom sor iheady u was the p ship in , [nstitutio 'nity. The o: he comm he birth n the cii done has low, nor : irand Lo ow brief y hoping 3rder of i 'eaders of The Toj ODD FELLOWS. te the sufferiniDfs ever memorable the Order were throughout the The position of uldenly reduced itauces, to be iu was the theme. . immediately, it &c , wereneces- e fire was com- with every com- )n of Love, and sly from many I best advantage, icted by a com- ve given every llows and their of five thousand lusively by the| An approximate! 3eived from the ; $108,000. In its ability in the lers in distress, case WPS varied mptly xiiet, andj sery sent howl- wants were all • labours ; still, id that was to lich were suffer- leavy, morocco-j perb style, audi Ion, is the work! er it is found toj members whenj L (according toj Lodge and itsi ght, and not asj ihe strong sym-j 75 It fn 1 n 1 T; *° ''^^? ^"P'-^'^^ i" tJ^e hearts ;otal true Odxl Fe lows, who, bound together by ^the triple bonds ot Friendship, Love and Truth fed #0 rejoice in each otliei^s gladness, and sympathize ^■With each other in misibriuue. We will now draw this short and incomplete ,fi ti.ic attention to an error which should be rectified ■\\ e allude now to certain initials which are attached our name thus-The Lidependent Order of Odd 1-e lows, B. U This B. U. is supposed to represent J Baltimore Unity, when in point of fact, no such jlnity has ever been m existence. It would also J.aply, that the Independent Order was a mere f?ac- 4i.)ual part ot some more extensive institution, which h^e distinctly deny. We cLum to be simpi; what Dur namemdicates,-The Independent Order of Odd Jelows having no connection oraffihation with anv Institution 01 whatsoever kind. When the prefix Independent is used, as in the name of a Society, we assu'ue the object m doing so, is to distingui^A i? foom some other Society of a sinular character pready m existence. In this way, without doubt hvas the prefix used by the originate,; of Odd Fellow- bbip m America, to distinguish it from a kindred nismution, vi^., The Odd FeUows of the Manchester The only reason which can be assirrned for heSr/m^Vif e^?;^^«. «"-«^S i« the^fact that -he b rth of Odd Fellowship m America took place ^u the city ot Ba timore, and through ignorance ilone has those initials been added, as there is no? my, nor ever have been, any authority given bv the xrand Lodge United States, for their ufe. Hav ng low briefly alluded to this matter, I will c3ud! J^::^C^t^^'':;:^''t'''^ l'^ independent hadersofti::K:2?s;.y:;rtJk!'"' '' *'^ The Toronto Lodges, Independent Order Odd Fel- 76 OPD PELL0W9. lows, jnenta as ; >llowa, in their Hall, corner Youge^ and Albert, btteeta : — ~^ Canada Lodge, No. 49, Friday evenings. Covenant " «« ^2, Tuesday " Queen City " '« 50, Wednesday " The Toronto" " 7, Alonday " The Toronto F , ,i.^^u.ci.it, No. 8, the 2r!d and 4tli Thursday in the month. I U, corner Yonge venings. (( lay " <( 8, the 2r>(l autl CANADIAN ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS, M. U. OFFICERS. E. S. TJiomas, G. M., Dundas. N. Gordon Bigelow, L.L.B., D. G. M.,... Toronto. Tliomas Tindill, C. S Hamilton. BOARD OP DIRECTORS. George Bickell Hamilton James ay Hamilton IredencK Clarke.. Toronto Wm. H. Bo, ^nson ....'..'.'.".".".".".'. Hamilton John Ken udy Hamilton Charles 11. Bam^- -1 Hamilton The Order makes no earnest pretentions to an- ! tiquity. It was born of the wants, and nurtured in the miseries of the labouring class in England. Now it has attained its vast strength in the general diffu- sion of wealth and the improved condition of the poor. Primarily (and the same is ti-ue in some few isolated instances at this day), they were mere so- cial clubs, where the hardy son of toil might now and agam spend an evening in hilarity and relaxation faintly resembling the luxurious ease of the rich. The "pot of beer," the song, thejfist, and social gossip, and an occasional gift to an unfortunate com- panion, fulfilled the purpose of their formp.tion. In 1619, Daniel DeFoe, in his Essay on Projects, enunciated a theory for the formation of clubs, to provid ^ «« by mutual assurance, for the relief of its •*^ 78 ODD FKLLOWl. mm^ns m 8easn„$ of distress:' ''The same thou'rht miglitbe improved into methods tliiit should prevent the gon< ,il misery and poverty of mankind, and at once secure us against beggars, parish poor, ahns- liousos, and hospitals: i,i uliich not a creuture so mis- eruhl,: or jmor, hut shuold claim subsistence as their due and not ask it oj charity. For more than a century, however, no organiza- tion ot any magnitude was founded on these priiici- >les. There wore a few isolated lodges of Odd Fel- ows ; but they were not united— there was no com- bination which wouM produce strength In th(> yotir ot Grace, 181'i, a i^\s of the more enterprising menib.rs of the Order iu Manchester— that hive of industry, matured a pku to make Odd Fellowship usdul as well as social. The plan was submitted and approved The Lodges then in Manchester, loi-med themselves into a society or league, to carry out the project, and assumed the name of the Man- chester Unity. 'Since Lsl2, this Or.ler has had the most e.Ktraordinary prosperity ever attained by any institution. With "Friendship, Love, and Truth" lor Its motto, and -'Faith, Hope, and Charity, as the cardinal puuciples of its belief, the Manchester Un- ity, has by the blessint; of an All- wise Providence multiplied and extended until it numbers nenrly lialf a million souls. During the last year, this Or- der has expended $1,542,785 00 in payments to the fe^ick; and in mortuary allowances, $138,320 00 After making these truly marvellous contributions to . the well-being of society, the funds of the Order were increased by the neat little sum of $754,250 00, making up the available cash capital to $15 212 I'JO This vast fund is made up of the small contributions g a labouring man can spjire from the miserable apol- i ogy for wages given in the old country. The labour '^ ot managing the funds, attending the sick, the gen- eral control and working of the institution from its liead at Manchester to its most minute ramifications 18 ail gratuitous, and so well performed that nothing 18 wasted— nothing lost— uothi ^ misspent. It i3 ODD FELLOWS. 70 e same thought should prevent lanlciiul, and at ish poor, aliiis- creature so mis- ince as their due ir, no organiza- X these priiici- 3S of Odd Fel- ro Was no com- iugth. In the re enterprising r— tliat hive of •dd Fellowship vas submitted n Manchester, 3ague, to carry e of the Man- ■r has had the tained by any e, and Truth," Charity, as the l^aiichester Un- se Providence imbers nearly year, this ()r- lyments to the I $138,320 00. contributions s of the Order t $754,260 00, $15,212,190 : Contributions liserable apol- . The labour sick, the gen- utiou from its i ramifications i that nothing sspent. It is I not charity ? It becomes to the poor man a bank, a I provulent investment, and insurance society. I As to be expected the Order spread to tiie Colo- ^ mos. Odd l^ellows wiio left the mother country, still cii rished the memory of this Society. They sought ^ out others who had in time past enjoyed its privil- ■ eges. In due course Lodges were formed, still hold- I nig allegienco indicated by the initial letters M U being added to their name. Tlie Canadian Ordei"; while still holding its attachment to the xManchester L uity, enjoys the privilege of complete self-govern- meiit, having ample legisUitive powers and the abso- lute control of its own funds. It is therefore, to all intents and purposes a purely local institution and endeavours to meet tiie wants of the Canadian pub- lie. l.ike other secret societies it hves in retire- ment. Occasionally its doings reach the public, and you see the announcement in the papers headed by the curious series of letters, I. O. O. I\, ]\I. U., the precise signification of which was known only to the initiated. We will now brieHy explain : Odd Fellowship may be regarded as a Secret So- cial and Provident Institution. Its members are ad- mitted by a secret ballot— no one is permitted to know whether his nearest neighbor votes " aye," or "iiay." Its portals can only be passed by evincing a Kuthoient knowledge of the secret teachings of the Order, ex. or its signs, passwords, and ceremonies, iliey are religiously cherished, and some parts are not mentioned even to each other, except uiuhn- cer- tain well-known conditions. All this caution is not used because there is anything evil or degrading in them; but, becauseutter and profound secresy is the only safeguard against improper and impertinent in- trusion. Whoever seeks admission must give evidence of a wel -regulated and upright hfe, as it is for such alone tliat Its wise provisions are intended. It was de- signed to aftord assistance to the virtuous .and not to tin-ow its mantle over the vicious. Every Loi-e has, as a part of its working machinery, a Commtt- tee, whose duty it is to prevent the admission of any 80 ODD PBLLOWS. rnfit to £ 1 .'^r'.*r ''"^^'" ^'"^ unworthy and ualit to be hailed by the name of " Brother " All members of the Order are enjoined to practice the cardinal virtues Temperance, l,../charfty!cast prudence and religion, are studiously inculcated -^ tW n?^r' ^.^^^«^^^°t'-i««ic excellence, and beca/ise nPs,n^ffT 'r"^"'r,^^ ti^e health and huppi- ne&s of the members and their famihes. Hence the money and medical attendance provided for the sJck are always witheld when the sickness is caused by intemperance or other improper behaviour ^ Ihe provident nature of the institution consists in bei L'?!^ i ^'1"^"^ T"-"''^ insurance. Each mem- Der pays a fixed contribution per week. This isimme- diateJy divided and apportioned to three funds, viz Incidental Expenses Fund, Sick Fund, and Widow's and Orphan's Fund. The two former of these u-e properly funds of the Lodge, and are exclusively cm! trolled by It, the latter is controlled by the annual Moveable Committee and the Board of Directors Ihe Incidental Fund is intended to meet the' or- ^TZ '""^T"! «^ ^^»*' ^'g^^t' f^el, books, station- ery. Burgeon's tees, etc. ; and is not ordinarily ap- propriated to tncidental oyster suppers, and such like uses, though W3 are frank to admit that there may be occasions when such an application of the fimd would be productive of great comfort and at least some advantage. The object of the Sick Fund is sufficiently ex- S p!v nf ;r- *?' r"'!- .^'^''^ ^P^^^^^ more min. utely of this fund and of those who are entitled to the benefit of it, the two classes of membership may property be pointed out. These are, in the patlance 01 tlie Order known as honoranj and benefit. As the names implies the privileges of /i«»omrv members are exclusively of an honorary character. The plea- surable associations of the Lodge-room, the estim- able privileges of purchasing and using sundry ball and excursion tickets, eating oyster suppers if there happen to be anv, and the sweets of officfe, constitute the return, winch the honorary member mou receive for his expenditure of five doUars initiation fee, and three Fund. Tne : on a g caudic amma much his lif( l^rolieii Armed by a fa run th( and CO which ] the rig] case of charity tiou, of cal atte or more J that pi ' Visiting ShouJ riving b applicat •^qiialitieg |UiK)n tlj 'Ihis wit ordinarily ap- •s, and such like that there may ion of the fund t and at least sufficiently ex- iing more niiu- are entitled to embership may in the parlance enejit. As the nmj members, ter. The plea- om, the estim- g sundry ball ippers if there Bee, constitute er may receive iation fee, and tee cents per week to the Incidental Expenses Tno Benefit members pay an admission fee mark-^d . on a graduated scale, and proportioned to^^^'^ .candidate. He also is required to n.Zrgo^,f^. annua ion before the surgeon of the lX? w Si as much formality and exactitude as if he wfre TettinJ ans hte msured-which inflict heis-inl^^^^ ■ proliensive fashion-a-ainst sickness ^mT ^lo^Jf ' fAnned with the sui^oon's certifi^^^eW^r^'; by a favourable report of the ComniitV^^ i i • ::run the gauntlet i the baii:^^^^^^^^^^? .and commences the mysterious piegri^adT bv -which he becomes an Odd Fellow «mi o^r /! i^^ 7. the righta and privileges .S/^^SSg" t jcaseot sickness ho is, eut,Ued m of ri^ht and not of o- more treciuent visit of a Committee areointed S ^^™tii;rcir '' "" -i>--e"titi?:f tt 1..S w..e s name and the names of his duuTen ^A he,i- agos are enrolled in a book for the umoseTnd they hence forth become wards of the Order'^ rhe death of the husband or wife, thrbecomes the occasion of demand upon the fnnds of he Orte ;:;VMdZ^tThi£r:te\ia^^^ fbecause it meets :Xotf;^ear',:;^'h:::;;;:^ 82 ODD FELLOWS. its meetings are never held at the same t)Iace ^wJ iZLVT'''''''' "^^ -----^'-inrtLFof Grand Lodge for two reasons ; firstly to distinc^uish irfrom the general meetings of the secret societies am sp condly that IS the only name which cou 1 'pTo 1 V phrase which mast be undorstood tcchnfca ka. kI not hteraUy) a„d taken what is deuomi. mted tW SMfvTr" "T™'^^'""'"' t° tiZevhoiia ; Jwi;!} i*^ ""f i" "'■''"'"n » "M'ing vote Tl, delegate from each Lodge has tlie number of vol assigned to bim according to the following fonn™h votes oU to 75 three votes ; 75 to 100, f„ar votes t, iP'" '""«'■<>"» "f the A.1I.0. are more i.ccXi Ij dehberative an.l legislative. Its three S ,ni officers are the Grand Master, the Deputy Gr,ni ' Master, and Corresponding Secretary TlJ e^ecu oLueMf nee sfa".: r „:''" "?,' T'-^^'^ »' deuce of the Grand Master Z "'^ »'""" "' /"^i' G.M., the immSLe P G k D G m"?W °' "'/ ng Secretary, and five ott^-'eleSy^belT/ c' tZ "T.TV^"' persons eligible to^seat, Tn UiS oiiiers wlio attjnd the meetings of this Board v,i( a itate t tab: .f Vi^"' }"'»'' " duly ;„'a,ib?od andfener'all t C an "'i™'"''-"'" TT-*""-. garly.uownas.Mra;:n^S^^."^B':Lt'o:dd:i, ODp FELLOWS, ' same place two p instead of Grand istinguish it from societies, and se- h. could properly )elieves in calling name. This gen- ^legates from all a member is eli- must liave filled t be out of place antic institution ts upon the wor s been stated by stance, or benefit me immemorial ; til the beginning first benefit so- after, Daniel De lished his "Book If the masses of evailed upon to { relieving each istress, and for in a short time e, and do away ten in the year ^sed to keep men I is a slave on ] moral right to ickness and old vs that self-de- true indepeu' iniiot go upon ^tion, therefore •ough a love of 46) there was a castle, in the id, called the continued un- s held at Iloch- lale, in August 1834, it was changed and is now :nown as the " Ancient Order of Foresters " Thfl |umencal strength of the Order at that daie, was 1,000 members, but at the close of the year 1871 tho jumhers were over 400,000 members, amon^ whom fcere are twelve Peers, seven Baronets, three Judges! ght Kniglits, and one hundred and twentyS tiembors of Her Majesties Imperial Parliament The iS'Vfq 7 fi"""* '"^ \''^'^'\' ^"''"^■^ *^^« i^«<^ year |367.519 7. 8, received in the same period as contri |it.ons £449,109. 18. 6. The present Torth of he" |rder is £1,600^883. 12. 8. It i? in eyeryTenLoflte ford a purely benevolent institution. Thev reco/ |ze m their meetings neither Creed inEeligion, nor liodem Politics, the only qualification requisite for tembers up is respectabihty, and a sound constitu- ion The order is governed by eight members |ected annually, who from the Executive Board as! «sted by a permanent Secretary, by whom disiien- itions for opening new courts, or branches are n /• V I f' ^'""''"'^ ^''^' «^ t'^-^ order are dk- F . fil A }^^\ T J."'' ^"'^ ^^''^^' fashioned tter the purest mode s of government, the greatest ^ouot of individual hherties consistent with he ■euteot welfare of the whole, is secured to every foot to''f] ^'"^r. '^' ^r^"^''^ P°««'^^« ^^ount of food to the greatest numbers is the olyeet of them issun^tion of power and arrogrance of demea^ |ay be immediately checked by the depositions of |ie presumptions ; The rights of every indivhlua member are scrupulously respected and guarded «ach individual has equal rights and privileges • ment alone is the medium through which pos^^on of honotn- may be arrived at, and no artificial barrLs «-oper,mtted to prevent virtue and talent from oC mpymg their fitting stations. Every man foi Lrv •an, himself included, are the ruling principles^ enevolence and friendship arc the obj/cts and nd";t'o.r'fl^ ''t *^^ 'ba--teris/ics of "the ncieut Order of Foresters. The Jirst court of fbi, t'acv;rdw w&s opened in th- Dr»ninion of"dinn,l« ' Mr. Robert W. Abell, Past District Chief Ranger 86 FORESTERS. openmg of the first court, two others hlv!\}' opened ia Canada, one in Ottaw» .Ji " and It IS expected that severa] other onnrf. ^°?f T opened before the expiration of the first vir^il'"' esters ia Canada. The present re„„.il ^f "'' ment for Toronto, is Mr.TwliS Chief p"""*' Watt, and Mr. C. lSS"'T^'iees '^°'' ^^- ^' ioY r3 I Tlie ] •ganiz£ ;e Con: ^ lention ilurth V( J The S § Engla f ing "W Lodge of Cathedra ber iu th lie orgai Jurnett, pir Edw: ae Duke i^'inchest lesfield, |hesterfi( ^en and i lolitical a lodge, af anized h tie Coloni On the i le "Bati lodge wa ^ The Dial Werner, E frrand Mai fight Hon ^I'and Ma "^ite jland, ou the IStli icestershire Hotel, )ronto. Since tlia others have been awa, and one at I our readers two at London, and courts called into over six months, ler courts will be^i 3 first year of For-t ^uncil of manage- ht, Chief Hanger, r, Mr. T. Tolhs, Jur. Woodward, akley, J un. Beadle Eobt. W. Abel], etary, Mr. J. S, ■ Hague, Mr. S, loYAL ORANGE SOCIETY OF BRITISH AMERICA. 3. •2kaUon ^J^f .Sf ^'yisa great Protestant enijon. that its PaL'woS'waT'tlkt frotTe yarth verse of the sixty-eighth Psalm. ""^ i;4,trr:L^'sit/?,:^e'''LS*'"r ling William the Third ) in 1BS«? i (?»f "fds r^oH^e " Orange "Sederron'- Opened !n'tha' ft e organiition were! the PrceTorT„rrt "' |m-nett, the Speaker of the Honse 'ff' *°P ? The Diamond," in theSyVlLS V"'^ l^aua Master to his death, and was succeeded by I "^ 88 ORANGBISM. General Archdall, M. P., who was followed by the Bight Honorable Earl O'Neill, who was succeeded by the present Grand Master, the Earl of Ennis- killen. The Grand Orange Lodge of British America was first organized in the County Court House, at i3rockville, m the County of Leeds, and Province of Upper Canada, on the 1st day of January, 1830 Ogle Roberts Gowan, Esq., of Escott Park, in that County, was the first Grand Master of British America ; and his '• Council of Advice" then con- sisted of the Rev. Rossington Elmes, A. M., Alexan- der Matheson, Joseph King Hartwell, Cleveland btafford, and Arthur McClean, Esqrs. Lieutenant- Colonel Gowan filled the office of Grand Master for twenty years, and was followed in succession by the following gentlemen .-—George Benjamin, Esq., M P., George Lyttleton Allan, Esq., the Hon. John Hylhard Cameron, Q. C. & M. P., and Mackenzie MaS ■' "^^^ '^ '^® P''^^^''* ^''^"'^ A supplementary, or rather a preliminary Order first called ^^ Cadets of Orangeum- afterwards! Orange Young Britons," was organized in 1863 by ^aptam Harcourt Potter Gowan, of the '' Tenth Royal Regiment" of Volunteers, (son to the first (Trand Master,) and this body is rapidly spreading, | and has already become very numerous throushoutl tlie Dominion, especially in the Province of Ontario ihere are seven Lodges of these young men in thei City of Toronto, as follows :— ' No. Namk. Gttabdian. Master, g- o^Pn P^f^r';:; Capt.H.D.Qowan, A.E.Robinson! I' 2!^t!.^?T»,^^/^: C^Pt- J- Bennett.... Peter Arnott. 5" B^r.r r ,"' ""^^^ ""• Klrkpatrlck Francis Moses. «■ Pnn,«t„^^Tt; A.Charleton G. R. Patterson I 6. LnnlsklUen Lodge J. Wiggins Wra. W Fo.x. n ?/'f«°l"'-^°««I^odge... Henry Bailey James JacJc'. lo. WcOaw, No Surrender Lodge. . W. J. G" :on .J. Jones. '«Y^!° *p'?. 'T? ^^,*^°^«' ^^'^^^ one thousand! loimg Britons" have been admitted. OBANGEISM. followed by the • was succeeded Earl of Ennis- sh America was >urt House, at md Province of January, 1830. ;t Park, in that iter of British vice" then con- . A, M., Alexau- svell, Cleveland >. Lieutenant- •and Master for iccession by the iamin, Esq., M. ;he Hon. John and Mackenzie present Grand iminary Order, s" afterwards sed in 1853, by )f the " Tenth i on to the first I idly spreading, )U8 throughout nee of Ontario, ag men in the The Orange Lodges of the Citv follows : — ff 89 Toronto are as No. Master's Name. Time op Mekti'o. Place of Meeti'g. J tv ^"'■"f ^i"t Monday,.... King St. Orange Hall ' If- W. Crozler First Friday Church « » m J Boyd Dftvls, Esq.. First Tuesday. . . .King st. Orange Hall 110. Alderman Adamson.Se^Jond Tuesday.. Church " .. 212. G. Hastings Second Wedn'dy. " << •< w 275. Alderman Medcalf.. First «« a •. u „ 801. Captain Rennett First Thursday King at " 828. Henry Stone First Wednesday. " a 375. John Irwm Second Thursday. Church «• 387. ..ndrew Fleming.... First Tuesday •< « <. / 396. W. J. Gibson p^irst Thursday. . . " «< 404. Hugh McCaw Second Tuesdaj. ..King •« «• « 506. T.Nlghtingale,Esq.. .First Wednesday.. Yorkvllle T Hall 551. James Little First Thursday.... Brock st " « * 588. RobertAikens. .FlrstMonday....Churchst6rangeHalI , 621. John W. Carroll Second Monday.. " » » , 657. Robert Johnston PMrst Friday «« « ,< 781. William pool First Wednesday »« » Master. a, A. E. Robinson | ...Peter Arnott. . . ..Francis Moses. ...G. R. Patterson I ..Wm. W. Fox. ...James Jack. •J. Jones. one thousand! TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES. In this paper it is not our intention to give an elaborate history of the Temperance organilitions which have a footing in this city, their difficulties at organization, since overcome, their periods of triumpli m other places, but merely to confine our remarks as much as possible within the city limits and tc the present time-Marcb, 1872. We shall also en- deavorto throw as much light as possible on tlie principles and internal workings of the organiza- ions treated of. and the means used to accomplish mi®° they are determined to obtain. The Temperance movement is comrosed of Wo k.ud8 of organizations, viz., Secret and Open socie- Ji^s, We shall first speak of the Secret societies luvy comprise, m the city, The Independent Order 0. Good lemplars, and the Sons of Temperance - organizations of age. stabihty and influence, whicli are to be found always in the van of efi^orts to ameliorate the evils of the drink traffic These organizations do not necesmrily admit every one that app les to become a member of their orders, but tlie apphcant requires to be proposed by a member of the Temp e or Division he wishes to enter, and if his character is such that he be found worthy, he is permitted to become a menaber; for the doors of temperance societies are never closed to the worthy ±.ach of these societies is governed by a Grand Lodge or Division, which claims jurisdiction over the Pro- I vinces of Ontario and Quebec in regard to the I. 1 q J S" ''m?"*^"^ ^' ^"S^^^^s the B. 0. G. T. and C3. 01 1. These Grand Lodges are formed of I representatives from the subordinate Lodges and les for their guidance ; settle all matters of dis s ^the pa »- ;^thO 01 whicJi ,„ ^raud 110 au ., Lodge of \\\iv ILodgei wliieli |hardly ithe see Sto, is t b frame JINDEl I This ftliousai |of the ( iQuebec flrelatid f States I ^is entit ■matter i In T( ^the Cit ;!are ten ^ about 1 Tlie I in.stituti meeting Maple Tuesda\ day eve 40— on and The In coi there is subordii grees of monthly TEMPERANCE. 91 aETIES. iention to give an nee organizations heir difficulties at periods of triumpli ifine our remarks iity limits and tc We shall also en- J possible on the of the organiza' ed to accomplisL tain. composed of two t and Open socie- Secret societies, dependent Order f Temperance,— influence, whicli ran of efforts to _ traffic. These lit every one that r orders, but the by a member of to enter, and if md worthy, he is 'or the doors of id to the worthy, y a Grand Lodge on over the Pro- gard to the I. 0, B. 0. G. T. and are formed of ite Lodges, and fctle all matters ■-f of dispute which may arise in the Lodges ; issue ,the pass-words ; conduct the provincial l^siness ol I e orders ; and are, in fact, the parliament of ,^e Secret societies, each Lodge being a constituent^ wlu^h sends members according to population, (the #raud old principle IS recognized) and are subject to .no authority but that of the Right Worthy Snd |I^dge or Nahona Division, as the case may be, b^ f^odges and Divisions command a vast influen<- |s-hic 1 needs only to be used to create an agitatiou |ardly to be imaghied by those who are not^Sd |he _^ones. The first of these Orders we shJrZ IINDEPENDENT ORDER OF GOOD TEMPLARS. I This Order numbers about (25,000) twenty-five iSth^^S^a^l"?^? " g;;od standing, uider thJru^^ Jot tl e Grand Lodge m the Provinces of Ontario and iQueboc. It has a solid footing in Scotland, En^and, fLehmd and Germany, as well as in the United iWates and Canada. Any person joining a Lodge |is entitled to visit one any where he malfindii^ ^matter in what portion of the world 141 ^"J.^'^"*^ ^"'^ Yorkville-uudor the jurisdiction |the City Deputy of the Grand Worthy Chiotthe^e IXut 1000 "■'".'''^ '"^^^^' which /umber 'in al gaoout lUOO members, viz. : •• ^!f,^^,terprise, 60 ; The Hope of Toronto Hust instituted) 25 ; and The York^Ile St^ 104^^^ meeing on Monday evening of each week; The .M pie Leaf, 100; and the Metropolitan, 70_o^ ^ Tuesday evening; The Nasmith, 22b-on Wednes- I day eveamg ; The Rescue, 150 ; and New Denton, It mT^ ^l^ursday eyenmg ; and The St. Johns, 200 I and The 1 orontc Star, 100-on Friday evening thei^eTsTir^'^^Vl^'"^"^^^^"^^^^^^ i^ ti^?"«ity, 8ubor % Photographic Sciences Corporation r Lodges. PLARS Phey are governed id rulep as the In- ceremonies being i ta.ken the same provinces. va Scotia and the '6 aknost to them- Iges, the Crusade miiig, and nam- im, every Monday I jrs, staunch and I i Grand Lodge of i d under the Kight f jurisdiction over a is 81, 000, and ^ I truly loyal, as :rance ciety in the Do- •d to discover, it plars. This may I of the Divisions r Lodges, heing the members are nsious admit the still, admit them of membership, f These Divisions are all prospering at the present lime. They seem to have sought the spirit of the loyement and are doing a good -^ rk. The Grand )ivision of Ontario claims jurisdiction over 7000 aembers and t)UO lady visitors which number, by pre- ^ent appearances will soon be doubled. The open Temperance societies are those which liave no secrets to disclose. They are open to any- one to join who signs the pledge book. First of these the TORONTO REFORMATION SOCIETY. This Society has under its control, the Temperauce lall, on Temperance Street, which has for so long keen the bane of temperance organizations in this city° |ut which, under the present management, we have yo doubt will be their boast. This Society recogni zes 70 kinds of members, viz., those who take the jledge merely, and are satisfied with the term Ordin- Iry Members, and those who not only sign the |ledge, but subscribe to the funds of the institution, |nd are termed associate members. The number of Associate members is now 70, while the ordinary mem- jers cannot be numbered. The next society is the ONTARIO TEMPERANCE AND PROHIBI- TORY LEAGUE. QS, numbering in fio, 200, Monday 'u(>sday evening ; miug J Eureka, 'f which a Branch League has just been started. l-T^ ^eld several public meetings, some of mch were well attended, and successful. The ead quarters of the Provincial Society is in Toronto; ut 18 not very succescfully carrying out its work ; ^ut as it is yet young, we can reasonably expect that he efforts put forth, wili, in due time, bring forth §_is fruit. Besides these, there are numerous relgious jcieties, as the Elm Str^^et Wesleyan Methodist hurch Total Abstinence Society; the Berkeley Street Church Wesleyan Methodist Total \bstin. "ce Societyj the Bond Street Baptist Church To- 94 TEMPKRANCE. ■m tal Abstinence Society; the Total Abstin..nce So- r!}l '°"°^«*^^ \'^^ }^^ Bncnmer Street Eoman Catholic Church , the La Salle Institute ; the Young Men s Christian Association, and others. These are are all making their efforts, snd, will, no doubt, very materially change pubUc opinion on the subject of Temperance. *• We will finish this short, imperfect sketch, ly paying that all these Sccietita, by whatever nirl they go uy, are all working for the same end, and will be ready to receive into them any person of good character, willing to accede to their rules, and i by the above it will be seen there is no lack of a choice ^ to pick f^-om ; also, tbat it must not be understood '« that each of these Societies is entirely separate | trom the others, but on the contrary, that the princi- 1 pie ot Dual representation is recognized, as many ^ persons are members of 2, 8, 4, and some even as high as 5, of these societies. But enough is said to i enable any stranger to the city or the " Cause," to understand m part '« the work and the workers." and our task is done. Abstint,^cG So- ' Street Eoman tute ; the Young bers. These are 1, no doubt, very 1 the subject of Jrfect sketch, ly whatever name same end, and n any person of their rules, and | 3 lack of a choice )t be understood a utirely separate that the princi- 1^ nized, as many A d some even as DOugh is said to he " Cause," to i the workers," LITERABY SOCIETIES. The benefits ofLiterary Societies as a means for perfecting its members in the arts of pubhc speaking and writing never having to our knowledge been dis- puted, we shall not here produce lengthy re isons to show their immense assistance in acquiring for those en;?aged in their operations, a readiness of speech and a practical knowledge of the rules and tricks of Rhetoric. We probably regard Societies originated with the object of affording to young men opportunities for public speaking with more favour than the majority from the fact that we believe our public orators can, to a great extent, trace their aptness in pubhc speaking, not so much to any es traordmary gift of eloquence as to steady systematic eftorts to acquire a mastery of the art. Cicero and i jsthenes of ancient times, Burke and Pitt the _^ .1 of Enghsh Orators, the American Orator Chas Sumner and the late T. D'arcy McGee whose studied oratory electrified the house at Ottawa, are all ex- amples supporting this assertion. And suci is the case very naturally, for although a man may possess a strong arm and a brave heart, unless he has had exer- cise in the .janly art he will have but a poor chance ma contest with a less strong but better exercised and trained athlete, so abihties unless thoroughly dis- ciplined and exercised fail always to brinor to their possessor, and the world at large, those benefits which an early systematic training would undoubt- edly secure We look therefore with pleasure upon all eflorts of the young men of Tornnin to ''nstitute and support Literay Societies and we augur' much good from their presence. 96 LITERARY. M ; , We Will refer in the first place to a sociefy whichLo > IS rather Provincial than local in its chamckrasl^r nearly every county m Canada is represented among ^*^ **" TILE UNIVEBSIXY COLLEai LITEBARY AND SCIENTIFIC' SOCIETY. The members of this society consist of graduates and under graduates of Kings college and the Uni- versityofloronto, and the students of University ^ college. All ordinary members who have subscribed feu: four years to the funds of the society, are ^i titled to life membership. The officers elected an- nually constitute the general committee of the So ciety, and consist of a President, two Vice Presidents a, recording Secretary, a corresponding Secretary and Le'ot^^ors"""^^'"^' Treasurer, a CuratoLnd A noteworthy feature in connection with this In- 1 Btitution IS the appropriation o/ a portion of its funds ! to furnish prizes to b^ warded to those members! excelling m public speaking, reading and essay I writing. The society also manifests considerable,' enterprise in maintaining a well stocked reading. I room,m which are to be found all the principal Ji^nghsh, Canadian and American periodicals and newspapers, including the leading English Eeviews. 08G00DE LITEBARY CLUB. Thig Society was instituted in 1858, having for its i object the cultivation of hterature and debating. ' liie bociety is composed of members of the Legal Profession and Students at Law. The meetings of i the Society are held m the Lecture Tioom of Osgoode S -^TJ ^^^'''^^y ^^^"i^g- Public debates are held m the Lower Chancery Court Eoom, at Osgoode nan, three or four times each session. The session opens on the first Sfltur/lflv in Ontobpr --^^ rl -. a /\n +K-, i„ 1 CI i I \ — :"'' ^^huoer, ai^a closes on the last Saturday in AprU. The officers of the [Presi( list V J2i;d [Treas [Heeor [ Corref Ma? [and i\ iJ. E. This the m memb( Istitute, reading The of a Pres Assista ciety' 3 '. the me( parlian the opj a policy which a andgivi ing io c commu] the fact Mr. S. ] This 1 object tl and pub LITBSAR7. QJ : "sX|„S:i^:;-^-„f «« by baUo, annua.,, actheoloaa epresented among ^ ^ PRESENT OFFICERS. President Mr. J. J. Foy. y AND SCIENTIFIC J Is* Vice-Fresident «« F Amoldi y " " JohnAkers. i-r'''T'-^ •; " Geo.Suton. isist of graduates Mr "^.?*''''"o^''''^ " C. H. Woodward geaud the Uui- ^ ^o^^'*^^P"»ntano, known and hailed as Mystic Lodge, No 1 .D.Kennedy Ven. Patriarch. 60 WCooW Worthy Chancellor. C MoSn 'Worthy Vice-chancellor. HiTdtlv.; ^ssr^ '-^'^' Har^^r Wr"steward. ^^^*^^y Outer Steward. The Supreme Chancellor has appointed Bro W On the 23rd ult., Alpha Lodge No. 2 was onpnprl London ; and on the 26th, led Cross Lodg^e No in Hamilton. Petitions from Colhngwood and Pv£rw^r/''" P^^««"^^d' and trKnights 1 Pytnias will be entitled to a Grand Lod^e of reme Lor^'? 't"^ a Eepresentation in the' Su^ .reme Lodge of the world, which holds its Session- " ^^itimore, the middle of April in each year 1' e;. lis" Counter AUVKRTISKMKNTS. 101 Iix ^WoocL find I3cjttlo, GENUINE & CHEAP. BOTTLED ALE s}*! 00 per Do/cii. PORT WINE, $1 00 per Gallon. K. KORRISOIir, KASOBTIG HALL, 14, IG & 18 Toronto Street, Torouto, Out. C. D. EDWARDS, Manufacturer of %Mm f Fiurghir- Proof Safos, Yanll Doors, Iron Shutters and Doors, Bank, Jail and Store Locks, and Iron Work for Jails, liegistry Offices, &o. ^-' H. MOO J^ E, ol Front Street East, Toronto, General Agent for Ontario. t^ A Inr^e stock of tlieso, and also all kinds of Counter an,i Platform Scales, always on hand. 102 AmiCnTISKMKNTS. CHSMIS1' AH© X5EIf€iSIS.'S', ODD M.I, LOWS' MUII.DINc;, ST. CATHARINES, - - ONTAHIO. l'ru|)rit!orof MI.OSS' PAIN STILMIK, th? Standard Famih | Remedy for Couglu, ( 'olds, Chills Spasms, Fl.ituleiu-c, Vomiting, Diarrhu-a, lieatlache, 'I'oolliaclu', N'ouralyic and Khfumatic I^^ins and Dyspt'ijsia, Deakr in Drugs, MecUcines and Cliemicals. Fancy andToiltil Articles, Sponj,'es, Brushes, and I'l-rfumery, etc. amehicaF ho'telJ JA.MKS 8T11EET. 8T. CATHARINES. AWWW^ Ws m 1 m PROPRIETOR. OTorms, SI iDor <:ia.y.| N.R. GOOD STABLING. JOHN GWINNEli ir il. \i j'J..~,1„<>ti ("ornor Ht. Paul and Queen Streets, ST. CATHARINES, ONT. J (lenerul Detiler in all kinds of GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, GROGKERYj &c., Ac, No. 43 St. Paul Street, St. Catharines, Ont. GENTLEMEN 'S mBNtSHtNG GOODS i m IN LARGE STOCK. M^^» ST. CATHARINES GROCERY.!!^ AnVKHTISKIMKNTS. 108 )IN(;, ONTARIO. tlir Stiimlard I'amih. Flatulence, Voniitiiii:, and klieumatic Pains PHCENIX Of iJARTFOI'iD, CONN. ills, Fancv and roil«i tc. •^^^'^*' $(5,r,r,t,-i7«; •■54 Anminl Iiu-omo, over ;-},0()0,00() 00 :0^Sl4 ■-'^'"''""* ""^ ^'""^^^^ ^''"'1 1.022,000 00 * ™ 'i"<^ fin'cr contests just claims. 'IIAKINES. 1' T t' i '!•' ''' •* jwEONn mm i coe. church s king siresis. SUPT. OF AGENCrF.S, And Ai^rnf for Toronto. 1' R A CI' I c: A \. Streets, S, ONT. IKOCERY. ■• 155 QUKEN ST. WEST, TORONTO. ^ UNG GOODS -^ 8^T Jlenrst's, Cuvriiif^^es, Scarfs, (}]oves and Uapo lurnished at Funerals. Fisk'a Patent Metal- M lie Cases on liautl. VICTORIA WOOD YARD, W WL 'g. V ICTORIA STREE T, 'l-ORON'l-O. ScKERyI^^^^S % fMMPSii, marines, Ont. ■(jQ^y^ ^(^qj^ ^^^ LUMBER. 104 ADVEBTISEMENTS. « '■fl*-**. CSuccKssoR TO R. Davis & Co.) § 55 King St. West, Cor. of Bay St. IMPOKJ'ER OF imm, im, mkm, wines, iipons, k, h WHOLESALE AM) RETAIL. All kinds of Produce taken on account. IS. i D. C. aZCHAKDSOZT, Wholesale and Kctail LEATHEB GEALEB, 78 FRONT STREET, TORONTO. A LARGE STOCK ALWAYS OA' HANI). (LATE H. B. WILLIAMS) ^ Wi Dea iLg Gl «ir- L 393 YONGE STREET, ST SILK Clot] ost not Not rfc! ^.a^fl WEST END w mi oc !i30 QUEEN STREET WEST, TORONTO, - - - - ONTARIO. }■ .¥ * OR > ADVKRTISEMENTS. 105 & Co.) , of Bay StJ . LIQUORS, &c„ k AIL. on account. DSOir, lil 3RONTO. S- Oy HAM) 3ET, ONTARIO. II |S. ALLCOCK 0. LAIGHT A CO % \^ MANl-FACTUUI-.RS OK (r'jC -^''■'■^'^ Hooks, Fishinq^ Tackle, '\^^^^;^ &c., &c., I No. 39 C0LB03NE STREET. TOUONTO, ONT. S. STOODLKY, Managkr. MANUFACrURER OF OVAL, uXFOH':). WALNUT Si GIT.T i Dealer in Cliromolithograplis, P^iigravings, Look I iiig Glasses, etc. • 3 No7. CloUios Cleaned, Dyed and Repaired osi t'lo sliori- ; fi