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M = hr., Are these truths or fictions ? we ask you. Reader, to solve the doubt ? Compare the two countries, Canada and that single State of the American Union, on our Eastern frontier. New York? — There you have the Hudson as we have the St. Lawrence. There the number of Steamers plying on that river, is as fifty to one upon ours. There the multitude of passengers is countless, or as a thousand to our one, reducing the price of passage to a mere trifle, while for the coequal distance from Montreal to Quebec, owing to the paucity of Tra- vellers, the fare remains at comparatively high f «jW«»"i]w);i| :.i»'|R!«vi,/l' rates. Then again visit New York City iiself, on board of one of her floating steam palacs"- cleaving the downward waters of the Hudson with rein-deer speed, so loaded with Passengers, that one has scarcely room to move, and there disembark, after an absence in Canada of two or three years ; what moving, stirring scenes meet your gaze I what crow^ds of people — throngs of Carriages of every description — what forests of Masts and Shipping — what cargoes of Merchandises choking up Quays, Streets and Warehouses! — Then the innumerable Hotels, sixteen of which are, par excellence^ termed Pkincipal — so large and so gorgeous that your bewildered but you drive to one of them, where it is full to overflowing, and uncertain you can gain admission, the Land- lord, however, kind soul, r^akes room, and you haste to Breakfast, where you meet, to your in- expressible wonder, from two to three hundred Guests I all intently engaged in fortifying the inner Man for the arduous occupations of the day. And all this, dear Reader, is an unvarnished narrative of every day scenes in New York — almost at our very door — not stationary, but active, and rapidly expanding, until New York becomes, as it must do, the greatest emporium in the World — London not excepted. rifi-^ ':'''■■'>' '''■". ■ _, ■ » - • ^ ■ ^ w • s : ' CHAPTER SECOND. "^It r,' >'i^i?ps^ The Traffic of the Merchants of the United Slates encircles the Globe. In the Harbors and Ports along their extended sea hoard, Ship-building is prosecuted with vigor. Fleets of vessels are annu- ally fitted ont for Barter and Trading voyages, bringing homeward the Products of remote foreign Countries. Their Whalers, alone, in 1846, amounted|to seven hundred, large and small, repre- senting a Capital of Twenty Millions of Dollars, they proceed for two or three years duration, to the Polar and other Seas, whence they regularly return freighted wi'h the fruits of the hazardous enterprize of Men, actuated thereto, by the Institu- tions of the Country wherein they were cradled, nurtured and educated : while the enterprize of the approximate Canadian People is, owing to the tendency of their political Connexion and Constitu- tion, literally cribbed, cabined and confined. Canada has no Foreign Commerce worthy of note — her dependent position seems to have local- ized her perceptions — her Fisheries are as pearls before the Swineherd ; they are despoiled, and the spoils enrich the Spoiler, — her Timber, of which the quantity is varied and exhaustless, has been chiefly exported to the Mother Country, until our fellow Men there have discovered, they are paying too dear for the whistle^ and repudiate the bauble for the cheaper and nearer article of the Baltic — her Ship-building Trade amounts to some twenty 9^^ vessels in the aggrefijate, each dreary six months winter at Quebec, for Merchants, Laborers and Mechanics. The consumption of Timber in the United States is large, reaching in 1846 to nearly six millions of dollars, and must yearly increase fro rata to the rapid extension of their Cities, Trade and Popula- tion. If therefore the Trade in this Staple in Ca- nada has received propulsion from the demand recently sprung up in the United States, under a restrictive policy, what we ask would it not become after Annexation removes the incubus — emanci- pates Trade, and breathes thereon the spirit of life and volition over the American Union I Would not Quebec— her coves — her Lumber Merchants, Lum- berers, Ship-wrights and Ship-builders be the fore- most to feel its vivifying influence ? Is it too much to infer from the previous quotations of the nume- rical and financial statements of the United States' Whaling fleet alone, that instead of twenty, there would then be, at her cheaper Dep6t, in all human probability, ten, if not twenty fold that number, largo and small Craft, inclusive, for Lake and Ocean navigation — the favorable results of which are too apparent, to themost sliort-sighted, to need description^ /bM^i./* .•>i7r(y?r The Canada or north and western shores of Lakes Erie, Huron and Superior, would then exhibit symptoms of vitality. They are in many respects preferable to the Araericau or south shores, for 10 We H\ I Harbors, Towns, Fli^lieries, Mines, &c. The Cop- per ores of the south side of Lake Superior are con- fessedly more available for mining and commercial purposes than the native copper of the south side — yet, there are some ten working, thriving Compa- nies, on the latter, while there is but a solitary one on the former. The Iron of Canada is abundant and of excellent quality, the Trade, however, barely subsists — even in Montreal her Iron Founders mi- grate to Burlington, a small Town on Lake Cham- plain, in the State of Vermont, at which place there is more business done in one Foundry, than in all the Montreal Foundries collectively. The long drawn frontier boundary offered to the Traders of Canada, through contraband means, under the high American Protective Tariff, an in- vitation to grow rich, but it does not seem to have profited them much, and for the very just reason that riches so illicitly acquired, lead generally to improvident, dissolute habits, and to demoraliza- tion. The Contrabandist is neither more nor less, than a Public Thief, as much as he who filches your Handkerchief is a Private Thief. The higher degree of cuipabity is in the former, and should re- ceive greater condemnation than the latter, by every virtuous Citizen and righteous Gevernment. The Waste Lands of the United States have been a source of affluence to their Government and People. In Canada the legend of her Waste Lands Department is soon told. It is a series of 11 ! Cop- e con- lercial jide — ompa- ry one mdant barely jrs mi- Cham- e there 1 in all [ to the means, , an in- to have reason rally to oraliza- lor less, ) filches 3 higher ould re- tter, by •nment. ,es have lent and ' Waste series of anecdotes of malversation, the burthen of which is, that Government Parasites have received the lion's share, and the remainder is hoarded up at high prices to indemnify the People. Reader 1 In what condition think you would a Vessel be, in tow of another, at the extremity of a Tow line 3000 miles in length, dependent upon the Towor for the government of her Helm, the wheel whereof is confided to an unskilled Mariner, mer- cenary volunteer, for some two or four revolutions of the Planetary system ? Think you the Towline would be taughtened for that distance, or that even the Towor could descry, with the Telescope, her consort, the Towee ? and if invisible, think you not that the Towee would be uninsurable at Lloyds against the accidents of the seas — the hidden rocks and shallows of her perilous course ? If so, sub- stitute Canada for the Towee and England for the Towor, and you have the solution of the pro- blem — The moral of which is, that Canada, having become, de facto, ungovernable to England, seeks to select her own Pilot and Crew, and to sail in com- pany with American Merchantmen, that will pre- sent her, not with the Oaken Wreath of Victory, won at the sacrifice of blood and treasure, but with the corfiucopta of Commerce. Do the Connexionists desire to augment or de- crease the burthens of the People of England ? if not, they will go for Annexation. Do they prefer to see her People well found in food and raiment ? 12 if so, then will they favor Annexation. Do they not rather prefer to see those necessaries of life, tantalizingly withheld from them, and superadded to their own stores ? if so, then are they inconver*- tahly Connexionists. Do they desire to see En- gland more weakened internally than externally? if so, then are they irreclaimably Connexionist< Do they desire to see her Institutions moulded to the growing w ants of her People, and England ap- peasing in her onoral strength the political throes and Revolutions of Europe ? if so, then will they shout for Annexation, Are they prepared to aid her with subsides, as the 13 American Colonies did of yore, in any War she may yet be unhappily drawn into by the whirlpool of European politics ? if not, then must they, in justice to the People, the Tax Payers of England, be staunch Annex- ationists, or. Do they await the direful contingency of Continental War with England, to share in the Trade it unnaturally engenders ? if so, then is their character of Connexionists, rank, and unenviable^ i.l'i * . t . » 1 r ■iw 13 .i-%'. CHAPTER THIRD. ^T. I'^^'^/^f' If sacred or profane Historians, guided by the light of Religion, trace retrospectively, in the affairs of Nations, the operations of Divine Agency, why may not we, reflective Reader, in all humility, by the same light, prospectively moralize, thus : — That England's policy is no longer to ride the whirlwind and direct the storm of European politics ; hers is for all wise purposes, now an Angel's spirit of Peace and Mercy, that will pre Jaim Canada free to be united to her former offspring, the Republics of America, and thus invested with the everlasting Inheritance, not only of an inexpensive and invi- gorating form of Constitution, alone suited to her Territorial position and resources, but of a bound- less field of Commercial En^^erprize and prosper- ity, from which unhappily she is now comparatively debarred. — That Annexation is promotive, as doubt- less it will be, of the sacred cause of Abolition in the United States, by imparting to that movement, a preponderating voice in the Councils of the Fede- ral Government, and from thence may we cherish the hope that it is typical of other great and excellent manifestations of the same Divine Agency as well over the New as the Old World, for the temporal and spiritual advancement of Mankind. — And that in years ulterior to the consummation of the mea- sure of Annexation, that England will contemplate with satisfaction, that her gift of Inheritance ha4 14 if i?" not only redounded to her own, but to the happi- ness of the Canadian People. "'') In reviewing the Political and Commercial rela- tions of Canada, it is distinctly observable that the causes of their inefficiency for the weal of the People are — Her dependent state, occasioning not merely constant ministerial appeals to the Mother Country, but also Parliamentary reservation of Bills for sanction of the Queen in Council, thereby retarding and staying the otherwise natural imput- ses of the People. — Her Trade and Agriculture, subjugated to those of the Mother Country, are thereby circumscribed, and are now impoverished. — Her Canal Traffic, fostered into existence by the liberality of the Mother Country, has been strangled in its birth by the voice of the People, who have thereby subverted the good intentions of their Government, and entailed financial burthens upon Canada. — Her Civil Expenditure — that Annexa-, tion would, to correspond with that of other States of the " Union," truncate from Pounds to Dollars, is hence entirely disproportionate to her Revenue, and preys upon her inmost vitals. — In fine, that these several causes are germinated in the con- struction civilly and politically of her form of Con- stitution, upon the antique model of *' British," rather than the modern and now acclimated one pf "American" Architecture. * No amount of Provincial or Imperial Legislation will adequately remove or modify the consuming 15 effects of these causes, nor avail ought against them ; they are organic. Their Legislation reflects the^SHADOw and withholds the substance of Trade from the Canadian People, who for upwards of half a century have been under a probationary course of their compound prescriptions, and still lag behind their American neighbors for nearly the same effluxion of time — contrasting geographically the extent of Canada with a similar extent of the United States — What the People of Canada do most sincerely require is, to reform these things altogether y unequivocally, to be annexed — politically affianced to the latter, for therein they perceive that as one of the Federal States of the American Union, part and parcel of the endless tide of wealth now pouring through the State of New York, to her city, would be diverted, via the St. Lawrence and her matchless Canals, into the very lap of Canada — Montreal and Quebec — sister Cities to Albany and New York, would therein partici- pate, in a ratio that would soon double their respective Populations and quintuple their wealth — otherwise nature belies us I and there is no verity in the millions of unreclaimed acres in the Far WEST^none in the constant stream thither of Emigrants from U quarters of Europe, even the Seigniories of Canada — none in their inexhaus- table fertility, already too productive for the capa- city of the Erie Canal, occasioning a yearly accession of Steamers and sailing Craft for Passen- ( ! 16 gers and Freight to and from Buffalo — and none fid the estimates of Population of the United States official census for 1840, at seventeen Millions and upwards, or of its then prospective estimate for 1850 at Twenty-three Millions — since exceeded, and for 1870 at about Forty-two Millions of souls. The Erie Canal, now the nily water commnni- cation from New York io the West, would then receive less attention from the Trade and many jealousies and heart burnings would then be obli- terated, that at present very naturally arise to our detriment. The St. Lawrence Canals would then also become preeminently the future Main Arteries for the circulation of Commerce, between Western and Eastern America, on the one hand, and Wes- tern America, and Foreign Nations, on the other. ' It would here be almost a work of supererogation to do more than advert to the importance of Rail- Roads in East and West Canada, as the tracks prepared by the Handmaid of Science, over which a large proportion of the Trade and Travellers on the East and West Continent of America, must vibrate — pass and repass, to the end of time. '^''^ Assuredly, Reader, the reasons we have adduced suflSce in favor of annexation. They may present to you, as they do convincingly to us, prospects of no common, no ordinary nature. In a Commer- cial point of view — for who is there on this utili- tarian Continent not, more or less, concerned therein — they offer to our acceptance, Perennial 17 Hakvests— to rdap which, should eaiise the hearts of the People of Canada, to leap for very joy and thankfulness. 7^- /^^ - . - . . :i : . .ii,u* It may not he unnecessary to notice that the Commercial Policy of the United Siatcs is at once in favor of Free Trade and Protection ; a Policy tenable with them, but not with England, inasmuch as Free Trade has full scope over their vast Ter- ritory, which encompassing, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, every variety of Climate and Produc- tion, affords space for Population, whereto there is almost no limit ; while Protection serves the two- fold purpose of fostering internal Industry and of supporting externally, the Federal Government. A Commercial Policy so constituted, with a Foreign Policy, jealous of Antagonism, on the same Continent, render the former impregnable by either Canadian or English Diplomacy. "^ Whence Annexation is the alternative nov/ pre- sented to the Canadian People, and it is well for them, we repeat, that it is so— for the flood of prosparity from that measure, might otherwise, for some further half century, have irreclaimably set into other Channels. Reader! permit us, while saying farewell, to remind you, that we have attempted in the outset of our remarks, to shew, that in the Mother Coun- try, it is the winged messengers of Words endued with Reason that triumph in the cause of Freedom, and not the insensate resort to Physical force, as on U'- 18 the Continent of Europe, where recently we have seen the contrast mournfully illustrated. We accord- ingly submit it to you — to that Reason which elevates us above the Brute, to let no provocation, however great, swerve you from conforming to its dictates, in the progress towards Annezation>^a measure which if not to be otherwise won, as unworthy of our regard. Let our cause rest upon its own, its intrinsic merits. Let but the People of Canada, in the consideration of this subject, resolve to exercise their Reason as well before as at the Hustings and of this truth they may be fully satisfied, that so sure as that Faculty exists in the mind of Man, so sure will that measure be peace- ably accomplished. Finally — let us, as Christians, trust, in God's Providence, to our reasoning efforts, for the successful issue of our cause, and we shall then never be confounded. ■ ■'i^m we have B accord- in which vocation, [ig to its nation— -a won, as rest upon le People ) subject, before as y be fully ists in the be peace- Christians, ng efforts, 1 we shall ■''> T«riiK. - 1tW;'^.1>> *