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lUR' I 
 
 A FEW REASONS 
 AGAINST ANY CHANGE 
 
 IN THE SYSTEM 
 
 OF OUR 
 
 COLONIAL LUMBER TRADE, 
 
 t.i\ 
 
 An attempt to alter the policy which Great 
 Britain has so wisely adopted towards her North 
 American Colonies, is an attack upon their very 
 vitals. I cannot see the propriety of a system, tho' 
 adorned with the title of " bona fide free trade," 
 which would shut up a mother country from favor- 
 ing an infant colony, in the only way in which it 
 can be brought forward, and made most rapidly of 
 value and importance — that would force her to 
 withdraw the fostering hand which has raised it to 
 its present prosperous height, and oblige her to re- 
 move those props by which the colony is supported. 
 The Imperial Parliament should have weighed (as I 
 have no donbt it did) the cost and the consequences, 
 before it gave a preference to timber from Canada, 
 which has led so many to embark in the trade, and 
 also to the formation of saw mill establishments in 
 various parts of both provinces, which in extent and 
 perfection are equal, if not superior to any in Europe. 
 Gov rumcnt must have foreseen that if the prefer- 
 
 A 
 
 H 
 
 ■!:■ 
 
( 2 ) 
 
 ence vfus once given and acted upon, it could never 
 be withdrawn with any degree of safety to the 
 Colony. 
 
 This is not a mere question between two commer- 
 cial bodies, whose interests may be balanced by the 
 weight of their respective political friends. It is a 
 struggle for the well being — I may say, for the ex- 
 istence of a country containing nearly one million of 
 inhabitants, and in whose prosperity Great Britain 
 is intimately concerned. It has been stated that the 
 measures which have been followed, were incon- 
 sistent with the principles of a free system, ** and 
 '' went to force a trade at a great public loss, in a 
 *' colony which had no natural advantages for sus- 
 " taining it."* A round and confident assertion 
 sometimes checks or prevents investigation. I cannot 
 conceive what other advantages are necessary for the 
 trade, than abundance of stock, and the greatest 
 facility of conveyance to the market. It may be 
 very easily shown that the stock of pine timber in 
 Canada, is, in all probability, inexhaustible, and it 
 surely requires no proof to establish that she excels 
 every other country in the convenience of internal 
 water communication. The numerous lakes and 
 navigable rivers, with which she is intersected in 
 every direction, are skirted chiefly with the very 
 article in question. 
 
 The inferior quality of the timber from this coun- 
 try has been much insisted on — but I have not been 
 so long in the world without feeling in my own 
 experience, and observing in others, the mighty 
 power of prejudice, and I should doubt much the 
 opinion of even a carpenter, of the quality of Ca- 
 nada timber, who had been in the habit of working 
 
 • Mr. Warburton in <hc House of Commons on the 18 h November. 
 
^^BF 
 
 (3 ) 
 
 only on that from the Baltic in the early, or for the 
 greatest part of his life. My line of business gave 
 me an intimate knowledge of every species of timber 
 from the northern countries of Europe. Since I 
 came to this country I have had every sufficient op- 
 portunty of examining the timber produced in it, 
 and I have no hesitation in believing that when 
 prejudice wears away, it will stand as high in public 
 opinion as that from the Baltic. Ail other produc- 
 tions of Canada are equal to those of the same climate 
 in Europe, and why should timber be the only ex- 
 ception ? The white or yellow pine, which is spread 
 very generally over the upper parts of Canada, is 
 far superior to any thing of the kind that can be 
 found in the Baltic, both as to size and quality, and 
 can be purchased at the low price of 3d. to 4d. per 
 foot. From the great length of time in which the 
 business has been carried on in the Baltic, the work- ' 
 men seem to have acquired more expertness, and 
 their timber is better dressed — it is also more care- 
 fully assorted into different qualities than in Canada. 
 A cargo, therefore, of first quality, or what is called 
 crown red pine from Riga or Memel may appear 
 more uniform than a cargo from Quebec. This, 
 however, is no proof that the general growth is 
 better. 
 
 But the formidable objection to the colonial tim- 
 ber is the heavy loss supposed to be sustained by the 
 preference given to it in the scale of duties, and it 
 seems so difficult to get quit of the idea that Great 
 Britain has made a '• sacrifice" by thus encouraging 
 the trade, that I must admit it, for a moment, for the 
 sake of argument. If she has then given up a certain 
 amount in pounds, shillings and pence, it is for ad- 
 vantages, both to herself and to her Colonies, which 
 cannot be so easily calculated. She has, in so doing, 
 
1.. 
 
 \ 
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 rendered lieraelf independent of other Powers for a 
 supply of timber, and by taking from the Colonies 
 in a liberal manner, their first available articles, she 
 increases their means, and in thus helping their 
 prosperity, lays the foundation of an extensive 
 market for her own manufactures. Our lumber 
 trade employs a great quantity of shipping, which 
 not only enlarges the nursery for seamen, but affords 
 great facility to emigrants, thirty thousand of whom 
 have this season found easy access to this country 
 by means of the vessels which have crossed the 
 Atlantic for timber. Thus it may be said, a bridge 
 has been constructed at the easiest possible expense 
 from that part of the empire which is over crowded, 
 to another in which there is still sufficient room. 
 These are a few of the beneficial consequences, 
 which have arisen from the " sacrifice" which our 
 mother country has made. But has she really made 
 it? Is there in fact a public annual loss of one 
 million and a half? or were she to give up all the 
 advantages I have attempted io enumerate, and 
 instead of the present ideal sacrifice, make, in 
 reality, an oblation of the Colonies themselves, 
 would the consumers of timber in England be sup<p 
 plied one farthing cheaper? 
 
 The merchants in the Baltic, it may be presumed, 
 understand as well as others the effect of increased 
 demand for their articles, and it may be also sup- 
 posed, are as much inclined to take advantage of it. 
 I leave it, therefore, with our free trade economists 
 io calculate the result of an additional demand in 
 the Baltic market for nearly one million of tons of 
 timber. Before the colonial timber got so freely into 
 the English market, Memel timber could not be ship- 
 ped under one shilling per foot, and it cannot be 
 improbable, that the prices will soon be again at or 
 
 - uM lM Wmi Mll 
 
( 5) 
 
 above that rate^ if tlie competition from this country 
 be done away. The prices in Quebec last season 
 were not on an average above 7d. per foot for red 
 pine, and 3d. for white or yellow pine. The market 
 was no doubt rather lower than usual, owing to the 
 large quantity brought into it, but the improve- 
 ments going on, and in contemplation to reduce the 
 expense of the conveyance of the timber down the 
 rivers, will soon, if the trade be continued, enable 
 the lumberers to sell at these prices with sufficient 
 profit. It is needless to enter more particularly into 
 the subject, nor does it require any calculation to 
 shew that the additional expense, on the freight 
 from Canada, of about 6d. per foot, may very soon 
 be balanced by a rise of the price in the Baltic ports. 
 The same loss, as it is called, or expenditure, would, 
 therefore, not only be still on the business, but it 
 would get into a most unfavorable channel for the 
 interests of Great Britain. Instead of being given 
 as freight to our own shipping, as it now is, it would 
 go into the pockets of the merchants in the Baltic. 
 So that the saving held out to the consumers in 
 England, by going again for their supplies to the 
 Baltic, is altogether fallacious. 
 
 Thus would Great Britain shut herself out from 
 her own Colonies, place herself again at the mercy 
 of the Baltic traders, and add still more to the 
 riches and strength of the Northern Powers^ without 
 any compensation whatever for the ruin of this im- 
 portant part of her own dominions ! 
 
 I believe there are some well wishers to Canada 
 who do not strenuously oppose the present attempt 
 from an idea that the lumber trade is not favorable 
 to what they think her best interests. They view it 
 as a hinderance to agriculture. But they do pot con- 
 sidier that in adding to the means of employ/nen^, it 
 
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( 6) 
 
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 increases the demand for produce, and it provides, 
 what is of great consequence in this climate, winter 
 work for a numerous and hardy class of our popu- 
 lation. 
 
 The timber is giving way in many districts to 
 cultivation, and where it i» spread too extensively 
 to be exhausted, as is the case on the Ottawa, it is 
 evidently encouraging it. — The farmer and the lum- 
 berer are ranging more distinctly into diffevent 
 classes, and there are already a number of farms far 
 beyond the surveyed and regularly settled part of 
 the country, which are cultivated for the purpose of 
 raising provisions for the people employed in the 
 woods on the timber. When the townships are ex- 
 tended in that quarter and the obstacles in the 
 Ottawa removed, there is no doubt but that the 
 land on the upper part of the river, will, on account 
 of its vicinity t(y the lumbering operations, be chosen 
 for settlement in preference to other situations. 
 
 I shall here give an extract from my son's report 
 of the journey he undertook in the autumn of 1829, 
 to ascertain the practicability of a water communi- 
 cation from the Ottawa to Lake Huron, which 
 report was laid before Government, and is also in- 
 serted in the 2d vol. of the transactions of the Lite- 
 rary and Historical Society of Quebec, under the 
 title of Topogiaphical notices of that part of the 
 country. 
 
 He corroborates what I have said of the influence 
 of the lumber trade in promoting cultivation, and 
 states the inexhaustible extent of the Pine forests. 
 •* It is now only four years since the procuring of 
 lumber from the Crown lands along the Ottawa 
 has been rendered a legal occupation. This 
 branch of the timber trade has increased rapidly, 
 fnd now forms a principal support of the Canada 
 
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 shipping. The stock of red pine in the upper 
 Ottawa countries is probably inexhaustible ; it 
 begins to be common growth about the head of 
 the Chats Lake^ and the region favorable to its 
 production, by all accounts, extends some hun- 
 dred miles northward. The fine river which 
 traverses this region, with its numerous tribu- 
 taries, promises to afford the means of obtaining 
 the pine for market from an almost indefinite 
 extend of country, and in which we may expect 
 the growth of the timber to be more than sufficient 
 to keep pace with the annual cutting, 
 " In all likelihood, a great proportion of these 
 northern pine lands will be found unfit for settle- 
 ment ; but, considering the great support and 
 encouragement which the timber trade of the 
 Ottawa must afford, both to the agricultural and 
 mercantile interests of the Colony, the existence 
 of this accessible red pine region is, unquestion- 
 ably, a most favorable feature in the country ; 
 more so perhaps than if its place were occupied 
 with the most fertile hard wood lands. 
 " The passage of the timber down the various 
 rapids and fall^ does not form the chief obstacle 
 in prosecuting this business. In such a flow of 
 water as the Ottawa, there is always to be found 
 some method of passing it, either in cribs or in 
 single pieces,i|iyvithout much damage or extraor- 
 dinary delay. The grand obstacle consists in the 
 difficulty and expense of providing provisions, 
 grain, &c. necessary for the winter's operations, 
 at a distance beyoitid the settlements, and with the 
 interrupted channel of the Ottawa alone as a 
 means of conveyance. The survey and settlement 
 of what eligible lands may be found along the 
 river, is one evident means of assisting (he trade 
 
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 (8) 
 
 '' in this important particular. Indeed, the unusual 
 *' rmlue of every species of produce in the 7ieie^hbour' 
 '* hood of the lumbering establishments has induced 
 ** a number of people, at every risk to occuptf and 
 *' clear lands at various places above the present 
 " surveys, which extend no higher than the Chats 
 *' Lakes. In no view are the advantages of a navi- 
 *' gation between Lake Huron and the Ottawa more 
 *' evident than with regard to the lumber trade. 
 By such a communication the winter supplies of 
 the timber cutters would be obtained from the 
 fertile countries south and west of that great lake 
 " at one third of the cost now incurred in procuring 
 them from Montreal, and the certain result would 
 be an ample and steady supply rf timber below the 
 present prices. If, therefore, tHe.-e were no other 
 object in view but that of insuring a regular sup- 
 ply of necessaries at the cheapest rale for work- 
 ing the great pine fields of the Ottawa, it is 
 '' highly interesting to ascertain what natural faci- 
 " '.'ties may exist for a communication between 
 '■ Lake Huron and the upper waters of that river." 
 
 This testimony from an eye-witness ought to have 
 some weight. But indeed the case for the Colonies 
 is so strong that it requires very little proof or argu- 
 ment. 
 
 It cannot be possible that ministry will look upon 
 us with any degree of that apathy which some of 
 the Houorabie Members of the House of Commons 
 seem to possess,* or that they can forget for a mo- 
 
 ♦ On the 7th December last, Mr. Warbnrion' consiaerln^; our fate aa 
 sealed, coittemplates our ruin with most philosophical coolness and with- 
 out expressing; thri least sense of compunction, for the hand he may have 
 had in it, states that when the new regulations with respect to trade 
 are put in tbrcu, the Rideau Canal must become " totally useless," and 
 the great expenditure on it must, qf course, be a total loss. " He protested 
 " against any further expenditure on the Rideau Canal, as the regulatioos 
 
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 (9 ) 
 
 meat that those Colonies form no small part of that 
 Commoo wealth whose general welfare is committed 
 to their care. 
 
 The ship-owners are also deeply interested in this 
 matter. Their two thousand sail which have en- 
 joyed our trade without a rival, must, if any unfa- 
 vorable alteration be made for the Colonies, go to 
 meet competitors in the Baltic, and formidable ones 
 too^ as it is well known that foreign vessels, from 
 lower wages, and many other causes are able to carry 
 at cheaper rates than British merchantmen. 
 
 So far as I can understand tiie doctrine of free 
 trade, it is an attempt to reduce to one simple prin- 
 ciple, that variety of system which has hitherto been 
 found necessary for the various cases and situations 
 of mercantile nations. If Dr. Sangrado had suc- 
 ceededf he would have reduced the science of medi- 
 cine to the most beautiful simplicity, but it was found 
 upon trial, that one mode of treatment, simple as it 
 was, would not exactly suit every case-;— no doubt 
 the Doctor, like many other projectors, would not 
 admit, that the disastrous consequences which fol- 
 lowed, were attributable to any fault in his system, 
 bnt to deficiency^ in its application Universal 
 equality is also a very simple principle, but if put 
 in practice might act very differently on different 
 individuals — some it would raise — others it would 
 depress. Is there no danger of universal free tradt 
 operating in a similar manner ? 
 
 " with repect to trade would render it totally uieleas for the purpoMs 
 *' which ytete originally contemplated, no commodities such a« the 
 " Canal waa intended to convey would now be required Trom Canada 1 1" 
 Mr. Warburton is a very honest politician. When pleadinff a bad cause, 
 be does not attempt to gloss it. In this instance he not only admits, kut 
 describes in plain language, the pernicious effects, which would k« pr** 
 duced, by the Tery measure he is stririog to carry. 
 
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 ( 10 ) 
 
 Great Britain and the Northrrii Powers move \m 
 very diiF^ront spheres. She has an intercourse and 
 interest with her rnloniea and other distant poss^^- 
 pjons ill Nvhidj fbreigii nations cannot participate. 
 She Joes not stand on eq^al terms with those Powej:i 
 who have no posscgsions beyond their own territorieik 
 They may profit by a free trade, jw they wo-uld 
 certainiy do in the present iustartce, while Great 
 Britain and her Colonics would suffer sevendy. The 
 Colonial relation may be compared to that which 
 subsists betweeji parent and child, which has sanc- 
 tioned in all ages for mutual protection, a partial 
 or an exclusive reciprocity, containing a principle, 
 and producing a practice by no means in conforiuity 
 with this new system of univ-ersal conununity. 
 
 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 CHARLES SHIRREFF. 
 
 Quebec, 15th January, 183/^. / 
 
 
 
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