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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
ISrOTICES OF 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 I Hi ST Shin IKS. 
 SKKU ilK> i»l (Jt)KE, C.\KK\, OlsELKN, MaK IN N, 
 
 Case. M()Kki>().\ ani> Williams. 
 
 ■■'rin- most toiuix', cleiir imd stroiiK pri-sctilal ion of 
 ini.-^ioiiary fii'tsitiiii imidcntsthiit \vr know. It i>\vritt<'ii 
 ill Mr. SiiiHier-ioir> ••xctllcnl style and is of sjiccial valnc 
 to \ tiiiiii,^ fi'adcis.' 
 
 I'KV. I)i;. \Virill{<)\\. 'loniritti. 
 
 ■ It i- \\ lit till ill a most attractive and iac.\ ^l.\ le, and 
 mii>t in-piie IIiom- who read it with loftier and Holder 
 imrpose-. It eannnt fail to do j<ood." 
 
 I;kv. Ihi. (i Al.ltli.M'I'M. Mel!e\ ille. 
 
 ■■ I iia\e not latel\ read any hook with a keener reli-h. 
 It is so eiiterlainiiiK i>>id heant ifnlly written.' 
 
 Mks. (IM{.» W \l.l..\ri-., Toronto. 
 
 ".Iii;«; what I wa- look ilij; for. 
 
 |;kv. .L K. M \vi;t\. 
 I*re>ideiit Montreal (onfereiiee. 
 
 "It is in e\er\ resi»eet K'>od IM". W'ithrow's eoiii- 
 mendatioii is well deserved. It very richly and iiiKinali- 
 lit'flly deserves a strong,' ell'orl for eircnlation. Send ine 
 ihirl.v eopie-. full i;ill.' 
 
 .1. A. Matiikwson. Montreal. 
 
 ■■This series will he read and studied with interesL 
 .Inst the hooks needed to help prepart' for K<'<>d mis- 
 sionary in'oj^rammes. 
 
 V. ( '. Sii;i'iii;\S()N. M.h. 
 
 ■■ I -hail he looking anxioiisl.x for the next >enes. " 
 
 s. S. LinHAHtAN, Toronto. 
 
 ■ Don 1 know that I have read any book with -o much 
 matter in such concise form and so interesting. We have 
 -everal ropies in our S. ?. Library and League? Just the 
 book for tneui. ' 
 
 Clara G. Wallace, Secretary Toronto 
 Epworth League Union and Literary 
 Vice-President. Toronto Conference. 
 
mp:ssen(,ers of the 
 churches 
 
 Second Scnca 
 
 ti:n pionef.r missionaries 
 
 ////// ro> trail.- and lllii>tratioii> 
 
 'K\\v iiR'ssfiij^ers of the ohuix'hes and the K'ory of Christ." 
 
 - .' Citv. riii. .'■ 
 
 BY 
 
 Ri:\'. ). i:. SANDKRSOX, M.A. 
 
 TORONTO 
 \A^ILLIAM BRIGGS 
 
 MoMRKA! : r. W. rOATKS MAiiKAy: S. F. UrKSTIS 
 
K.iiltrcd .Kcunliit!,' to Act of tlic I'.irliainfiit <>f Canada, m iho .vi-ar oiu' 
 thousand nine hiindri-d and oni'. I)v Wii.mam Hiiiogs, in the Depart- 
 miMit of Ay:ricnltiiii'. 
 
 McMASTER UNIVERSITY LIBRARt 
 
PREF\( I{. 
 
 The First Seri«.s oi* Me.sse\(;ehs oi thi: 
 (Jhtrches, published in December, 11)00, havino- 
 been sold out in a few months, and a second 
 edition called for by the Woman's Missionary 
 Societies of the Presbyterian and Methodist 
 (.'hurches, the author, in answer to other calls, 
 has issued the Second Series sooner than he had 
 »'xpected. 
 
 In harmony with the expressed wishes of 
 many readers, some of the very early workers 
 on this continent and several of the tirst con- 
 verts amono- our Canadian aborigines are })re- 
 sented, as worthy of grateful remembrance. 
 
 In recognition of woman's work, extending so 
 blessedly in the helpful agencies of the mission 
 field, we have included brief sketches of some 
 of their earliest forerunners. 
 
 We send forth this little volume trustini:- that 
 a more intimate knowledo-e of the toils and 
 
VI 
 
 IM!KF.\( F. 
 
 triuiii}>lis n\' iiicii niid woiiK'ii so IioiioiimI 1)\' iIk- 
 Lurd ol' tin- luiivest m.-iy |il'I|» U> laii i\\r lljiiiic 
 of inissioiiaiy zeal, cspr'^ially am<)ii<; the younti- 
 ])eople and children of tue churches. 
 
 With thanks to many friends whose rfiorts 
 and commendations have 'n-eatlv aided the 
 circulation of the First Series, and acknowh'dir- 
 ments to many jintliors froni whom we have 
 H'leanetl mucii material for these j)a<j^es, wr com- 
 mend the Second Series to the favor of all who 
 appreciate heroic missir^nary labors, and to the 
 blessin<r of Him who bids us " pi-each the (Jospel 
 to every creature." 
 
 In the Third Series we purpose including 
 several representative Canadians. 
 
 .1. K. S. 
 
 TonoNTO. Ihctmbtr. J'.kiI. 
 
CON'I I'.N'I S 
 
 l''i;\\ris Asiu K^ 
 Wnj.iAM IJlack - 
 Inki AN Mission \i;ii> 
 
 I' M.I 
 
 I'F.TRR .IdNKS KaII-KE W \-(^in \A-I'.\ 
 
 • is 
 
 hillN M NI»A^ MIA-W I N DAIS 
 
 IJ.> 
 
 THTKIi .lAr(>l'.«< I'aH-IAII SI. (. \\ 
 
 i;v_' 
 
 Ml:^•K^ l». STKiMiAnu 
 
 i:{(; 
 
 Ann Hasski/iink .Ii m^un 
 
 r.i 
 
 Sakaii 1>. .JrixiiN 
 
 i:.s 
 
 KmII.V ( '. .TlhSON 
 
 I(i4 
 
 ItollKli'l' MoKKAT 
 
 Ml 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 FlvANciS AsilDUN 
 
 Wffjja.m IIlack -..,.. 
 
 Hkv. Matthew Hk iikv. I). I). .... 
 
 1'ktkk .Ionks 
 
 An Indian Fkast - - . . . 
 
 .John Jonkss HorsE at the IIiver Creimt 
 
 \V 1 1 XI am TeNN MAKINt; TrkATV WITH THK INDIANS 
 
 Indian ("ami- 
 
 John Sinuay - 
 
 Henky B. Stkinhaikk 
 
 Ann Hasseltine .Iidson .... 
 
 K.MILY ('. -Jl'DSUN 
 
 KoiiEKT MoFKAT 
 
 I'AOK 
 10 
 
 7o 
 7S 
 99 
 10") 
 r->H 
 i:i7 
 14:^ 
 
 KH 
 170 
 
 Mil 
 
n 
 
KRAXCiS ASIUHV 
 
MKSSIINC lilts 01' Till'; cm IMIIKS. 
 
 IkVNC IS ASIU R\ 
 
 I iiihd Si'itis lull ( 'ii mi'/'i. 
 
 vV 
 
 1 74.')- IN n; 
 
 K jiic Icarniiii: ixratcl'ullx' t<> chrrisli the 
 iijuiies and «l(*tds of tlie devoted servants 
 of the Lord .Irsus who first sowed th<' seed of 
 tlie CJospel ill the wilds of th<' New \V(3ild. Of 
 those valiant heralds of the Cross, worthy of 
 everlastin;^' remeiuhraiice, ])erhaps no one bettei- 
 served his (^«'neration or laid a tinner f(junda- 
 tion for a^^es to come than 
 
 IKANCIS ASBIKV. 
 
 He was born August 20th. 174.'), in Statlbrd- 
 shire, Knoland. His parents, Joseph and Eliza- 
 l)eth, wer«' "amiable and respectable." umh'r the 
 
 ^•enia 
 
 1 inti 
 
 nences o 
 
 f relie- 
 
 um. 
 
 The death of a sister led to tl 
 
 le conversion <> 
 
 raiicis 
 
 at tl 
 
 le 
 
 early ae-e of seven }ears. 
 
 After brief school days, he spent some year; 
 with -i wealthv but irrelifrious familv. Whih 
 
 II 
 
 u. 
 
V2 
 
 MKSSKN<;KUs UK THK ('HrK( HKS. 
 
 I«'aruiii«4 a trade lie had a ( 'liristian lioiin' ami 
 church piivih'<;es. From his mother he had heard 
 C(ood accounts of the Methodists and made his 
 way to their meetinirs. " It was better than a 
 chui'ch," he says : " the people were so devout, men 
 and women kneelin*;-, and all sayin<^ Amen I " He 
 joined in their W()rshi))and partook of their spirit. 
 
 •'The fellovvshi]) uf kindred minds 
 Is like to that alxtvi'." 
 
 Francis was soon lioldiny- )>rayei'-meetin«(s, 
 exiiortini'- with nmch fei'vencv and witnessinii- 
 man\' conversions. Thouiih but seventeen, as 
 local ])reacher he extended his labors into 
 several countii^s and was heard Ijy " weepin*;" 
 thousands.' When twenty-one lie was 
 
 MKCKIVKI) 0\ I'llOHATIOX 
 for the nnnistry. At the Conference in Bristol, 
 1771, hearino- Wesley's appeal for volunteers 
 to assist Boardman, Filmon' and Williams in 
 America he i-eplied — " Here am I : send me.'" 
 With the slenderest kind of outfit, but with 
 his motlK'r's blessino- and one companion volun- 
 te(M*, on the 4th of 8eptend)er he 
 
 SAILKD l-MO.M HHISTOI. I'OK AMKUKA. 
 
 The young missionaries enlivened tlu' \oyaj.;e 
 with reading, prayer and preaching. 
 
 After eight weeks they received a fervent 
 welcome in Philadelphia. 
 
FRANCIS ASRTTRY. 
 
 l.S 
 
 Though but five years since the standard of 
 Methodism was planted in New York by Bar- 
 bara Heck, Philip Endmry and Captain \Ve])b. 
 the little one had become a thousan<l. Of a 
 population of 1 44,000 in 17()1, 84,000 were re- 
 ported in the churches. 
 
 When Asburv arrived irritation was si)rin*'- 
 ino^ up between En^rland and the colonies. The 
 •' Great Awakenin<,^" through the labors ol" 
 Edwards, Whitefield and others, was sadly inter- 
 rupted b}' political disturbances. Hut Wesley, 
 sendinf,^ successive contingents, strengthened the 
 outposts. Leaving Philadelphia, Asbury made 
 hi*s way to Staten Island, preaching in private 
 houses. In New York he met Mr. Boardman-— 
 " a kind, loving, worthy man " — and was intro- 
 duced to his people ; then for some months 
 made Philadelphia his centre. \Yhile zealously 
 acting the part of a peacemaker he received a 
 letter from Wesley, desiring him to take chaj-ge 
 of all the societies. He spent the next winter 
 in Maryland, where the preacheis met and 
 nrranged their appointments. 
 
 Asbury, stationed in Baltimore, preached 
 wherever he found an open door. 
 
 The first Conference was held in Philadelj^hia, 
 .fuly, 1773. There were ten preachers and 1,116 
 members. The Light Street (Church was built in 
 Baltimore. 
 
 In Virginiji hundreds were converteti, and 
 
 iflk« 
 
14 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Openings made for several circuits. In May. 
 1774, an increase of 900 was reported. Asbury 
 rode 2,000 miles on horseback and preached 
 .*]00 times durin<jf the year. By the next year 
 the members increased to 3,000. In the midst 
 of war ai;itati<:>n a day of fastin«ji; and prayer 
 was appointed. Some returned to Enf(kin<l : 
 l)ut Aslmry sai<l, "I can by no means h^ave 
 sucli a field for iratherinii- souls as we have in 
 America. ' 
 
 In 177(). his health l»eing poor, he was 
 advised to try the Sulphur Sprin<^s in Vir- 
 liinia. in a house 16 x '20 there were seven 
 l)eds ami sixteen persons. After five weeks he 
 wrcjte : " I this day turn my back on the 
 Sprin«;s as the best and the worst place I ever 
 was in : ^ood for health, but most injurious for 
 reli<jjion." Twenty preachers attended the Con- 
 ference of 1777. The Patriots of the Revolution 
 had declared the colonies 
 
 ' FREE AND INDEl'ENDENT," 
 
 throwing off all allegiance to Great Britain. 
 
 The administration of the ordinances by JMeth- 
 odist ministers liegan to be much moot<.Ml. 
 
 In a new country fetters of Church and State 
 were irksome, and the love of freedom was 
 asserting itself. Asbury avoided, almost refused 
 taking the oath demanded by the leaders of the 
 Revolution, and his responsible position caused 
 
 % 
 
KKANCIS ASBrnv. 
 
 1 
 
 liiiii orave aiixiot^-. In Delaware he i'ouinl a 
 retreat, but he was loncrincr t(3 proclaim the 
 (Jospel throu^rhout the continent. After two 
 years he attended the Conference in Baltimore 
 and suffered no further trouble. In the South 
 the preachers became so anxious a.bout ordina- 
 tion that a division seemed inevitable. Asburv 
 proposed a consultation. A compromise was 
 rtfected. Then with a lioht heart he went north. 
 " I have only time," he says, " to pray and write 
 in my journal. The i-ides ar<' so lon<'- and the 
 roads so bad.' From north and south the 
 preachers assembled in Baltimore for the Con- 
 ference of I7.SI. Hrotherly love pn.'vailed. A 
 full account was sent Mr. Weslev. 
 
 Asbury .set off' on his southern tour, often 
 l>eni(,dited in the woo.ls and sleej)in(r supperless 
 on the crround. In many places he had conore- 
 ;^ations of two or three hundi'ed. 
 
 After scalinir the heinrhts and explorino- the 
 caves of the Alle<,dianies he returned throuirli 
 Maryland and Pennsylvania to New York. 
 
 At th." Virginia Conference, 1782, twenty 
 preachers were received on ])ro])ation. 
 
 A change vwry six months made the itiner- 
 ancy very real, 
 
 Wesley's appointment of 
 
 ASBCHY AS GEXERAL SUPERINTENDENT 
 
 was confirmed. In the midst of revivals and 
 
 i 
 
16 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 general prosperity the question of ordination 
 was suffered to rest. 
 
 Asbury started on his eleventh tour, was in 
 Baltimore for Conference, thence into Delaware 
 and Virginia, returning to New York in August, 
 IT'S.S. Wesley's counsels were still eagerly 
 sought and cheerfully followed. His letters 
 indicated accurate knowledge of the work and 
 almost prophetic visions of the future. Asbury, 
 crossing the mountains to Pennsylvania, heard of 
 the capture of Richard Williams by Indians, who 
 had killed his father and mother. He was taken 
 to Detroit. After several escapes and re-captures 
 he reached his home, where his wife had been 
 praying without ceasing. Amid such dangers 
 did the heroic itinerants traverse the wilderness. 
 
 In November, 1784, Asbury greeted Dr. Coke, 
 his associate in the General Superintendency, 
 
 Xow that political ties were sundered, the 
 ((uestion of ecclesiastical independence inust needs 
 be met. 1'he preachers had increased to 104 and 
 the membership to l.S,()00. A Special Conference 
 was summoned. Wesley's letter was read, giving 
 his views on matters political and ecclesiastical. 
 The Conference declared the church independent, 
 to be known as 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 The office of Superintendent was made elective. 
 lU' unanimous vote Dr. Coke and Francis Asburv 
 
FKAN'CFS ASBURV. 
 
 17 
 
 tlie 
 
 and 
 •ence 
 
 1 vino- 
 
 were rleclared joint Superintendents. Asl)ury, 
 up to this time unordained, was ordained a 
 deacon and tli'ii an elder, ai'tt.*r wliich by Dr. 
 Coke, assisted by sev<?rMl elders, he was set apart 
 as Superintendent. I)r. Coke preached a sermon 
 on clnirch eovermiient and the (|Ualitications 
 of a Christian bisho|) Twelve others were 
 ordained Elders: two of them. (Jairetson and 
 Cromwell, for Nova Scotia. The stations in 
 the West Indies and Nova Scotia were still 
 connected with the American work. In Virin'nia, 
 Asbur\' exercised his new powers, bapti/in<>' 
 and ordainin<jj. From Viroiuia he passed on to 
 Baltimore, Philadelphia and New ^'ork. 
 
 Asburv proposed foundinn^ a school and the 
 pnjject was warmly a<lvocated ])y Dr. Coke. A 
 site was selected near Baltimore, S.'),()()0 sub- 
 scribed and the 
 
 ("ORNEK-.S'I'OXK OK (OKESIM'RV COLI.KfJK 
 
 was laid on the 5th of .June, 178.'). In two 
 years it was opened with twentv-tive students. 
 The liabilities pressed heavily u{)on Asbury. 
 
 Havinj]^ to cross the Great Dismal Swamp or 
 ride sixty miles round he made the \eiiture. 
 "Three miles on the water and three more .,ii 
 roads uinler water m ide our jaunt unpleasant. 
 
 In 17S7 the Ceneral Supei'intendeiits met the 
 Conference at ( 'harleston. Aftei- a free discus- 
 sion of the atiairs of the Church, they rode 
 
Hi' !,■■ 
 
 18 
 
 MKSSEXdERS OF THK rUlKCHES. 
 
 together three hundred miles in a week, preach- 
 in<r every day ; then throuo^li Baltimore and 
 Philadelphia to New York. 
 
 In June Asbury crossed the mountains, spent 
 several weeks, then returned to recruit at the 
 Hatli Sprinjrs. 
 
 In Uniontown, Pennsylvania, he held the first 
 ordination service in the ^reat Mississippi valley. 
 The Discipline oi' 17JS5 contained special rules 
 ajijainst slavery: in that ot" 3 788 the title 
 " Bishop " was authorized. After Conference 
 in Georgia, Asbury again crossed the moun- 
 tains. " Night came on : I was ready to 
 faint witli a violent headache, and I prayed for 
 help. A profuse sweat broke out, and the fever 
 subsided. Our route lay through the woods. 
 My pack-horse would neither follow, lead nor 
 drive. At the river I was at a loss what to do, 
 but providentially a man came along who con- 
 ilucted me across. This has been an awful 
 journey to me, and now after riding seventy-five 
 miles I have thirty-five more before I can rest a 
 day." Rest ! " Oh, how glad I should be of a 
 plain clean plank to lie on as preferable to the 
 beds — and the floors are worse." The itinerant 
 pioneers had already penetrated the great West- 
 ern wilderness to the camps and cabins of Ken- 
 tucky. Asbury following them was off on his 
 perilous journey, scaling rocks and fording 
 rivers, wlien he was met })V a guard of ei<jht 
 
 •^^ 
 
^ 
 
 FRANCIS ASIU'RV. 
 
 19 
 
 sach- 
 aiul 
 
 , the 
 
 3 first 
 
 alley. 
 
 rules 
 title 
 
 irencc 
 
 moiin- 
 
 dy tu 
 
 red for 
 
 p fever 
 
 woods. 
 
 id nor 
 to do, 
 
 10 coil- 
 awful 
 ty-tive 
 rest a 
 
 I3e of a 
 to the 
 nerant 
 West- 
 f Ken- 
 on his 
 fordint^ 
 f eiijht 
 
 1 
 
 men waitini;' to escort him. Tin* company soon 
 doubled, and well armed made thirty to fifty 
 miles a <lay, meetiu^^ (">'dy Nvild beasts antl sa\ atjes. 
 They ])assed a camp where the Indians had killed 
 twenty-foui- white men. At Lexin<^ton Asbury 
 preached and met nine of his men iu Conference. 
 After visitin<^ other places the missionary ex- 
 ))lorer was conducted on the return journey by a 
 b()dy-<(uard of fifty and reached Vir<;inia iii 
 safety. With humility and zeal he identified 
 himself with every interest of the church and 
 countrv, confutinix the attacks of envy and 
 calumny. 
 
 In 17J>0 he received from Jesse Lee a report 
 of his t'fibrts in New Eno;land, closin*;- on the 
 Hostoii Common with 'a thousand serious 
 hearers." As reasons for remaining unmarried 
 Asbury assigned — his coming to America, the 
 war, his superintendency, small .salary and 
 the assistance reijuired by his aged mother. 
 About two hundred had given up the itiner- 
 ancy, finding it impossible to provide for their 
 families. 
 
 On one of his rounds Asbury had to pass 
 through an unbroken forest. A dau'diterin the 
 house where he lodged offered to show him 
 through. Mounting her pony she led the way 
 until a deep ravine cut short their progress. 
 Preferring to reach his appointment without a 
 lady escort, Asbury [)ut spurs to ids horse and 
 
I r 
 
 20 
 
 MKSSEXGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 was over. " You cant do that !" lie said to his 
 fair companion. " I'll try ! " said she, and in a 
 moment was again in the lead. 
 
 To provide literature for his people he had 
 
 A PR I XT I Xa PRESS 
 
 at work in Philadelphia up to 1804, when it 
 was removed to New York, finally reaching its 
 present site on Mulberry Street. 
 
 The profits on books went to the College, the 
 Preachers' Fund, Mission and Church debts. 
 
 Not waiting: for the oriranization of Education, 
 Missionary, Bible, Tract and Sunday School 
 Societies, he developed these departments of 
 (.'hristian enterpise and collected money to sus- 
 tain them. Freely he scattered Bibles, books 
 and tracts as leaves from the tree of life, saying, 
 " Now I know I am sowing good seed." 
 
 On tiic election of George Washington he pre- 
 sented the congratulations of the Conference — 
 the first formal ecclesiastical acknowledgment. 
 Loyalty to civil and political authority, with 
 e(|ual civil and religious liberty to all, was the 
 teachiiiii' of the Methodist Church. 
 
 On the death of Wesley, 1791, Bishop As- 
 bury wrote a record of the life and the labors of 
 the Founder of Methodism, and in several places 
 preached memorial sermons. 
 
 Writing to Nova Scotia he says : " I expect in 
 a very few years we shall l>e through New 
 
 i^* 
 
 i 
 
FKANCIS AS BURY. 
 
 21 
 
 nce — 
 ment. 
 with 
 
 ,s the 
 
 I) As- 
 jors of 
 places 
 
 |pect in 
 New 
 
 Hampshire, Maine and Vermont, becoming,' near 
 neifi^hbors to Nova Scotia." 
 
 Travelling westward, with a company from 
 North Carolina in (|ueHt of better land in the 
 fertile plains of Kentucky, he writes : " F^ow 
 much I have suffered in this journey is known 
 only to God and myself." 
 
 In 1792, after a Conference in Virginia, hu 
 passed on to Uniontown — " fifty miles without 
 a horse," through Pennsylvania and other States 
 to New York, like the angel with the everlast- 
 ing Gospel to preach. After the New York 
 Conference — '" nuich business and little sleep" — 
 he left, with thanks to a friend for — " new cloth- 
 ing and a little money : better than €500 per 
 annum." 
 
 Halting at the hospitable home of Judge White, 
 Maryland, he found lawyers atten<ling court, 
 who were curious to know who these strangers 
 in black might be. " Gentlemen on very impor- 
 tant business," said the hostess : " Mr. Aslnny 
 and his preachers." "Then I nnist have my 
 horse," said one. But on Mrs. White's persua- 
 sion he remained, and was so taken with the 
 new-comers that he invited Mr. Asburv to hi.s 
 home. The invitation was acce})ted and an 
 evening pleasantly spent with the professional 
 men of Dover. The lawyer's wife, Mrs. Bassett, 
 was drawn to the services, and converted. 
 
 Returning to America, Dr. Coke found the 
 
 J 
 
 :■* 
 
iili 
 
 :ll| 
 
 •>0 
 
 MKSSEX(JERS Ol" TUK CHl'ilCllKS. 
 
 ministers increased to 2GG and the ineniber.s 
 to G5,9H0, in twenty conferences. 
 
 A GENERAL CONFERENCE 
 
 was summoned for November 1st, 1792. The 
 duties of Bishops and Presiding Elders, the 
 Book Concern, the financial economy and othci* 
 church interests w^ere considered. 
 
 After this memorable Conference, Asbury 
 left for Georgia, saw^ the ruins of Whitefield's 
 Orphan House, visited Virginia, New York. 
 Massachusetts and Connecticut — a tour of 3,000 
 miles, broken in upon by four months of illness. 
 Yellow fever was in Philadelphia. "Ah, how the 
 Avays mourn ! I judge fifty to a hundred die in a 
 day." He made his winter-quarters in Charles 
 ton — " the seat of Satan, dissipation and folly." 
 Of a midnight journey in North Carolina he 
 wrote : " At lenofth we came to Howe's Ford, in 
 the Catawba River, without a canoe or guide, 
 and were soon among the rocks and whirlpools. 
 My head swam, my horse was affrighted, heavy 
 rain, liohtnini:^ and thunder. We lost our 
 path, but fortunately found our w^ay to old 
 Father Harper's. ' God bless your soul, is it 
 Brother Asburj^ ? Wife, get up ! ' " 
 
 In June, 1794, he had a short rest at Balti- 
 more. In Boston, " Like our Lord we had to 
 preach in an upper room, but we shall yet have 
 a work in Boston." 
 
KUANCIS ASI'.niV. 
 
 2:? 
 
 In a southern tour he had his usual experience 
 — swinnnini,^ rivers, wadino- swamps, riding in tlie 
 i-ain by day and in the darkness by nioht, 
 I)reaching " in weariness and painfuhiess," often 
 " in pei'ils in the wilderness," until he reached 
 Charleston — a<:^ain his home for the winter. 
 But it was not to his taste. '• I am in a furnace. 
 May I come out ()uritied.'" On leavin<>' he 
 preached to n larg«! cont^retration and predicted 
 a threat work of the Lord in that "seat of 
 wickedness.'" 
 
 In the sunny sprinjr-time he journeyed north, 
 traversed the Blue Ilidm' and the Allecrhanies, 
 followed the Shenandoah to its mouth, crossed 
 the Potomac and was in Baltimore. On the 
 4th of July, 1795, he heard the riuirinff of bells 
 firintr of cannon, and shouts of libertj^ in New 
 York. 
 
 New England next claimed the Bishop's 
 attention. He stoo<l by the gravis of Embury 
 at Ashgrove and visited Governor Van Court- 
 land, whose princely mansion was ever open to 
 weary itinerants. 
 
 The hospitality generously tendered by other 
 men of wealth and position— Mr. Van Pelt, of 
 Staten Island : Oen. Russell, in HolsteJn : Mr. 
 Wells, in Charleston: Gen. Sippet, in New 
 York; (Governors Worthington and l^iffin, in 
 Ohio; and many others — Asbury frequently 
 accepted as a grateful relief. In (Charleston, 
 
.,f 
 
 24 
 
 MESSENVIEHS OF THE (lirHCHES. 
 
 with Mr. Wells, we lind him " speii<lin<j^ tlio 
 eVL'iiin(^^ with the ])0(jr slaves in tlic kitch«Mi, 
 while the stationed preacher held a sacramental 
 love-l'east in the pai'lor." 
 
 I)urin<:^ his two months' stay he held a Con- 
 i'erenee, pi'eached ei<;hteen times, met fifteen 
 classes, wrote ei;;ht3' lettei's and three hundred 
 pa<;es, read several books and visited thirty 
 families. 
 
 He records the death of Mrs. F. Dickenson, 
 " as jijreat a sutlerer as I ever knew."' 
 
 After the murder of her husband and chil- 
 dren she was cai'ried (^fi' by Indians, endured 
 wearisome marches and hardships untold, 
 made her escape, wandered many days without 
 food, avoided bands of robbers, craved but 
 failed to obtain a morsel of deer a bear was de- 
 vouring^, then tindino- a trail was uncertain, but, 
 led to chauixe her course bv a little bird's ea^jer 
 liutterino- and found her way to friends She 
 lived and died a true follower of Jesus. 
 
 About fifty i)reachers attended Conference in 
 Philadelphia. For the first time their small 
 salaries had been paid in full. At the 
 
 (iK.\KI{AL CONKKHENCK OF 17!«1 
 
 about one hundred representatives assembled in 
 Baltimore. Six Conferences were defined — the 
 New Eno'land, Philadelphia, Baltimore, V^irginia, 
 South Carolina and Western. The Book Con- 
 

 FKAN'CIS ASliUUV. 
 
 25 
 
 icrer 
 
 
 '-'I 
 
 ceru, Education, ('liurch Funds, Slavery and 
 other (^a-eat intorests passed under review. 
 
 Movin^^ soutli the ubi(|uitous overseer of hall' 
 a continent was compelled to own the rava;4esot' 
 time and ex))osure. 
 
 With Coke and Whatcoat he rode six hun<lred 
 miles. They heard the sad news ot* the de- 
 struetion of the Baltimore church and (V«kesbuiy 
 ('olh'oe by Hre. Said Asbury, "If any man 
 should offer me £10,000 a year to do and sutler 
 what 1 have done for that house, I would not 
 tak<- it." 
 
 Dr. Coke undertook to raise funds for a second 
 college and a suitable building in Baltimore was 
 boucrht for .^22 000. 
 
 Asbury devised a school for the charity boys 
 in Georgia, re(iuiring .Sl,000 a year. 
 
 After the funeral of his old friend. i\Ir. Wells, 
 Charleston, he saw J)r. Coke aboard for Ireland, 
 February 1 0th, 1797. 
 
 In the balmy spring he rode a thousand miles 
 through North Carolina and other States to New 
 York. Intermittent f^n'er ti'oubled him, and for 
 weeks he was unable to preach. At Baltimore 
 he had the pleasure of opening the new church. 
 He sjient some months in N'irginia, unable to 
 preach, but resting and waiting. " 1 make no 
 doubt," said he, "the Methodists will be a num- 
 erous and wealthy people. The preachers who 
 follow us will not know our struggles but by 
 
L>() 
 
 MESSKNtJKUS nl I'lIK < 11 1' |{(|IKS. 
 
 coinparin*!^ tlu' iinju'ovcd stuU' of the country 
 with wUiit it was in our days, as (old in my 
 jouiMials and »)tlH'r records." 
 
 He visited Maine an<l was delinlited witli the 
 success of .losse Lee. Ileturnin*; lie was ndvised 
 l)y ])liysicians (o d(»sist from preaching-, hut con- 
 tinue(l liis coui'se to New Voi-k. 'I'lien, in th«' 
 midst of yellow fevei-, he attende(l all the ( Con- 
 ference's to (J«v)r}j^ia. In (Charleston he preached 
 on the death of WashiuLTton. 
 
 With Lee and Snethen he ])ressed on to 
 Baltimore for the General Conference. 
 
 An earnest re(|uest from the British C'onference 
 for the i-eK^ase of Dr. t-oke was conditionally 
 ijjranted. Richard Whatcoat was elected to fill 
 the vacancy. 
 
 Aslmry and his newly elected colleague were 
 welcomed to Berry Hall. rhey looked u])on the 
 ruins of the colleo;e. passed throui^h Delaware 
 and on to the New York Conference ; then to 
 I\Irs. Sherwood's for rest. Soon we find them in 
 Boston, then awav to Virij^iiiia and Kentuckx'. 
 
 In Tennessee they attended one of those re- 
 markable Presbyterian i^atherinn's — precursors 
 of Methodist camp-meetings. " The stand was 
 amid lofty trees. Ministers worked together 
 with the simplicity of primitive times. Blazing- 
 tires dispelled the darkness. Shouts of the new- 
 born, mingling with the cries ot* penitents, broke 
 the silence oi midnioht. The weather was 
 
i'i:an«is \snin?v. 
 
 •27 
 
 was 
 
 <li'li;,^litfiil. Jis if lieavon sinilt-d wliil«' mercy 
 llowcfl in Ml)Uii<lant .strcaiiis of salvjitioii." 
 
 (Jrcat revivals .s))r('a(l throuf^li several State.s. 
 Five, tell, fifteen tliousand wei-e foiiiid at sin^^de 
 encaiii))inents. 
 
 Ill IMiiIa(leIi>liia Asbmy was laid ii|) for a 
 ('oii)ile of niontlis with lameness. 
 
 Ill Au<^nist, INOI, with Whatcoat, he set oti' 
 thi'ounrli Delaware. Maryland and \'ir<^dnia, 
 winding np with a ( 'onferonce in Tennessee. 
 After the winter in the South he visited Maine, 
 and was at Baltimore for Conference. Hearing 
 of the (hvitli of his mother he wrote: " For tifty 
 years her hands, luu' home and her heart were 
 open to I'eceive the peoj)leand ministers of Christ. 
 She was an alHieted yet most active; woman. 
 She could weep with those who wept, and rejoice 
 with those who rejoie(Ml. As a woman she was 
 refined, modest and blameless; as a mother 
 ardentlv atlectionate." 
 
 lie had recently wi'itten her, sayin<^: "I have; 
 luM'Ti atllicted by excessive labors. I niove in a 
 little carriam', bein<r unable to rich; on horsel)ack. 
 Wen; you to see me and the color of my hair — 
 nearly thai of your own! My soul exults in 
 CJod." 
 
 On his wav to Tennessee he saw the Natural 
 Bridij^e of Virc^inia — "A beautiful arch thrown 
 over the chasm, 1(50 fejt above the stream." 
 
 With McKendree he surveyed the bristlinir 
 

 28 
 
 MESSENOERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 ramparts of Westpoiiit. Crossincj the Cumber- 
 laiul, niglit overtook them and a tent was their 
 itistiiio" plaeo. " McKendi-ee had to lift me from 
 my liorse like a helpless child. For my sickness 
 and siilferin<j;s I am indebted to sleeping un- 
 covered in the wilderness." 
 
 In South Cai'olina he predicted — " There will 
 be thousands of the poor slaves converted to 
 < Jod I " The thousands have become hundreds 
 of thousands. At Boston he laments — " Poor 
 New Enoland ! She is the valley of dry bones 
 still. Come. O Breath, and breathe upon these 
 slain that they may live.' After the New York 
 Conference in l(S03 1ie was away to Kentucky'. 
 He visited an old friend, Dr. Hinde, who had 
 come to AuK'rica with Gen. Wolfe. When his 
 wife and daughter became ]\[ethodists he was 
 greatly irritated ; but their meekness and forti- 
 tude led to his conversion. 
 
 Overtaking hundreds travelling westward 
 Asburv wrote : " A man who is well mounted 
 may scorn to complain when he sees women and 
 chiklren, with little to eat, paddling barefoot or 
 laboring up the rocky ascent. We must take 
 care to send pi'eachers after these people." 
 
 On his return he spent a night in a cabin with 
 (b'unken hunters. One of them professed to be 
 seeking I'eligion and said a Baptist minister ha<l 
 broken him of swearing. Presently the Bishop 
 heard his voice in loud profanity, and quickly 
 
FUANCIS ASBIHY. 
 
 •21) 
 
 '•1.3 
 
 opening the door said, "1 find you can lie and 
 swear both ! "' "I hv<^ youi- pardon, 15isho})."' 
 "Ask pardon of God, and tliat ri<;ht sj)t'edily or 
 initjuitv will pnjvo your ruin!" The Bishop 
 opened his Bible, <;av«> a short address and had a 
 peaceful night. 
 
 By the General Conference of i(S()4 his h«*altl» 
 was much better. Dr. Coke reniaine*! iu iMig- 
 land. Good reports cheered all hearts. " 'I'he 
 Gospel, by our ministry, has made glorious pro- 
 gre.ss through the seventeen Knited States, the 
 Territories and Canadian provinces. There ai'e 
 now more than 100,000 souls in fellowship with 
 us, and perhaps .si.x times as many looking to us 
 for ministerial service. We have upwards of 
 4-00 travelling preachers besides aljout 2,000 local 
 [)reachers and exhorters." 
 
 In 180.') Asbury entered Cincinnati, ever ex- 
 tending- the borders of Zion and tindinj-' new 
 Helds for his laborers. 
 
 With Gen. Putnam he spent a pleasant even- 
 ing, closing with .service in the splendid ball- 
 room. " Here," said the Fiishop, " they wei-e 
 wont to worship the devil, but let us worship 
 God." No more balls, it is .said, wei'e <fiven 
 there. Ten days they spent among log cabins, 
 ornamented with the antlers of deer, wild-cat 
 skins and turkey wings. 
 
 The Bisho]^ was ever a wise counsellor, and his 
 presence in j)ublie gatherings was the signal I'oi- 
 
 ^1 
 
1 ! 
 
 i !' 
 
 30 
 
 messex(;eks of the cHUiumEs. 
 
 t! 
 
 f 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 .!«' 
 
 awakcnin^^s and conversions. A word in season, 
 morning and rvenin<^ worship made liis visits 
 memorable. 
 
 Finlev tells ol" a daULditer whose father 
 j^ave a ^^rand party, thinkin<^ to drive away 
 her religious notions. Leadin*;- her to the piano 
 he asked for one of his favorite sonus. In 
 a clear full voice she sang Charles Wesley's 
 lines — 
 
 " N«» room for mirth or triHiiig lure, 
 For worldly hope or \v<»rltlly fear. 
 
 If life so soon is gone ; 
 If now the .Judge is at the door. 
 And all mankind must stand l»eforo 
 
 The inexorable thrtuie I " 
 
 Scarcely had she finished the first stan/a wdien 
 he withdrew in tears. Her victory was com- 
 plete. She sang the songs of Zion until called to 
 swell tlie music of the skies. 
 
 With renewed vigor Asbury wended his way 
 south — 800 miles a week. In the Green Moun- 
 tains, Vermont, he narrowly escaped falling over 
 a precipice. " Never in my life have 1 been in 
 such apparent danger ; but the Loi'd saves man 
 and beast." After a Conference in Boston he 
 attended the first gathering of his ])reachers in 
 Ohio — sixty-six pioneers, inured to hardshi]). 
 
 He joined a cara\an of covered wair<rons on 
 their way thirty or forty miles to a camp-meet- 
 ing, [)reaehed to the assembled thousands and 
 
FKAXCIS ASHI^RV 
 
 .> I 
 
 joined in the triumphant shouts of their feast of 
 tabernacles. 
 
 Beset by hostile Indians he pressed on to the 
 frontier settlements on the Great Niami : then to 
 Cincinnati, saying—" I am youn^r again, able to 
 ride 5,000 miles in ten months ! My round will 
 embrace the United States, the Territory and 
 Canada. But, oh ! Childhood, Youth, Old Age 
 — ye are all vanity * " 
 
 From the General Conference of 180S As- 
 l)ury missed both his colleagues, Whatcoat hav- 
 ing died and (Joke being detained in England. 
 To assist him William McKendree was elected. 
 
 Journeying south he was sadly crippled with 
 rheumatism. With the company of Henry 
 Koehm and the aid of crutches he reached Ohio. 
 By the time they entered Cincinnati he 
 was able to walk, preach and hold Conferences. 
 With a company of fifty he started through 
 the wilderness for North and South Carolina. 
 With McKendree, in a thirty-dollar chaise, 
 he exclaims--" What Bishops! But we have 
 great times. The Western, Southern and Vir- 
 ginia Conferences will each have a thousand 
 souls truly converted to God : and is not that 
 equivalent for a light purse .'' And are we not 
 well paid for starving and toil '. Yes, Ldorv to 
 God : " 
 
 Of eighty-four preachers in the Virgin in 
 Conference oidv three weiv jnarried. 
 
 ■« 
 
 .1 
 
,i; 
 
 32 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 i'M 
 
 '!'[' 
 
 ..I 
 
 n 
 
 Laws forl>irl<lino: the instruction of slaves 
 jj^reatly hindered the efforts of tlie itinerants. 
 
 Proceeding north, Ashury was so weak that he 
 was unable to stand while preaehinfi^. Yet again 
 lie crossed the mountains, preaching- in court 
 houses, camp-meetings and " fair Cincinnati." 
 In South Carolina, 1810, he writes: "I spoke in 
 great weakness — must change my course. Some- 
 times I am ready to cry out : Lord, take me home 
 to rest ! C'ourage, my soul ! " 
 
 Arriving in New York he found the city de- 
 vastated by fire ; but says : " The Society has 
 increased. They wish to relniild John Street 
 Church." 
 
 From \'ermont he made for Canada with 
 Henry Hoehm, who writes: "For many years 
 Asbury had an ardent desire to visit Canada. 
 He had regularly heard of the work there since 
 he sent Wm. Losee in 17^1. Our guide was the 
 Rev. \). Smith, of Cornwall. Crossin(»: liake 
 Champlain we reached the Indian Village, St. 
 Regis. We hired four Indians to row us over 
 the St. Lawrence. They lashed three canoes 
 togetlier and put our horses in them — their 
 fore feet in one and their hind feet in another. 
 It was a singular load — three canoes, three 
 passengers, three hoises and four Indians, and 
 all safely over for four dollars. We 
 
 ARI{IVP:D 1\ CANADA. .TCLY 1st. 1811, 
 
 landinu at Cornwall, and about midnight reached 
 
 ii:,;'' 
 
7 
 
 ihs;i.%j 
 
 FRAXCIS ASBUIIV. 
 
 n3 
 
 the hospitable dwollinf; of Evan lioiso, who 
 liailed tlie Bishop'H arrival with joy. The next 
 (lav he preached. Ileni'v Ryan and I exhorted. 
 He preached a<;ain the next day, held a love-feast 
 and administered the Lonl's Supper. On Friday 
 the Bishop preached in Matilda. I followed him 
 in German. He was delif^hted. " Here is a 
 lovin<ij people. My s ul is much united to them." 
 I called upon Father Dulmago and Brother 
 Heck, a branch of an old Irish stock of Meth- 
 odists in New York. On Saturday we rode 
 twelve miles before bi'eakfast to Hrother Boyce's, 
 Elizabefchtown, where we attended the Quarterly 
 Meeting. The Bishop v\ rote : " ( )ur ride br ui;ht 
 us tlirouiifh one of the finest countries I have 
 ever seen. The timl)er is of a noble size ; the 
 cattle are well shaped and well lookin;^^: the 
 crops are abundant on a most fruitful soil. 
 Surely this is a land the Lord hath blessed." 
 On Monday we proceeded to Col. Stone's, (jlan- 
 ano(]ue Falls. Father Asbury was very lame, 
 from inHannnatory rheumatism. Tuesday we 
 reached Flias ])ulmag<''s, and B»ishop Asbury 
 pjvached in the tirst town — Kin<^-ston — church. 
 We were in Canada just a f()rtni«j,ht. I'^very- 
 where the Bisho]) was ti'eated as tlui aiio-cl of 
 the churches. He was so i)oorly he could not 
 procet'd on his Journey. We left Kingston on 
 
 Monday, in an open sail-buat, for Sackett's 
 3 
 
M 
 
 mksse\«;ei{s ok thk chikchks. 
 
 i 
 
 
 Hjirboi. ' Soon utter his i-eturn the, tin'lcss 
 itiiuTMiit WJIH ott'on L'.\t<3n(l(Ml tours. 
 
 In Cluirloston he wiiti'.s : " Scarce I \- htiv*- I 
 seen so riiucli luirnioiiy and love. Tlierc ar«' 
 <'it;]ity-hv(' preaciicrs and an increase' of .*>,-i08." 
 Tlu' Hrsl day of 1812 he spent in meditjition, 
 writin(^^ and prayer. At the General Conference 
 a letter was read from Dr. C oke declaring' his 
 j)urpose to <;o to India. Ashury read an address 
 nn the state of the work an»] his administration, 
 which was received with hearty approval. 
 
 This was the last (Jeneral ( 'onference the 
 venerable Bishop attenderl. 
 
 He sought rest amon^^ friends, aiid when some- 
 what recruited met a ('onference at Albanv and 
 another at Lyini. There he read the President s 
 declaration of war against (Jreat Britain, and 
 said : " I feel a deep concern for the Old and the 
 New World. Calamity and suffering are coming 
 upon them both." Crossing the mountains 
 " we had a strange medley of preachers, drovers, 
 beasts on four legs and beasts on two — made so 
 bv whiskey." 
 
 At a camp-meeting, being asked to address a 
 company of men under arms, he began : 
 
 '' Soldiers of Christ, arise 
 -Viid put your armor on : ' 
 
 and preached from .lohn the Baptist's words tn 
 th»' soMitTs. 
 
FRANCIS ASHrilY 
 
 :}o 
 
 ■'4 
 
 111 Ohio lie revit'WLMl the wnrk of ten niuntlis — 
 (>,000 miles, nine conl'erenees uii'l ten cumj)- 
 nieetinfi^s. 
 
 In Kentucky he prcaelie*! in tlie Hou.se of 
 Representatives. At the Nashville Conference 
 th«' increase was S.OOO, and at Charleston 1<S,()00 
 for the year. He ^ave a vahnlictory address on 
 the tjeneral economy and ijovernment of the 
 church. From State to State lie still uri,''ed ids 
 wav, like another Mo.ses, addressino- the eldei's 
 with farewell words. " In the year 1774 I tirst 
 vi.sited Vir<jinia ami Xorth Carolina : in 17'S5. 
 South Carolina and Oeorj^ia with annual visits 
 until now, 1814. I suppose I have cros.sed the 
 Alleijhanies sixtv times." For some months 
 he was much attticted, but " with attentions con- 
 stant and kindness increasino-, mv strength in- 
 crea.ses daily. My friends in Philadelphia gave 
 me a liji^ht four-wheeled carriage ; but Ood and 
 the Baltimore Conference a richer present — 
 John Wesley J^)ond for a tra\ elling companion." 
 
 War tidings caused great concern. The 
 British had burned the public buildings in 
 Washington. At the Albany Conference 
 A.sbury preached a memorial sermon for Dr. 
 (Joke—" Of blessed mind and soul : a gentleman, 
 a scholar and a Bishoj) to us." 
 
 In June. 1S15, the intrepid leader of the hosts 
 of Zion addressed liia farewell to New York and 
 sr)on after to IMiil-ulolphia. ( )ii fh«' dofoat of 
 
:i; 
 
 ■M 
 
 MKSSENGERS OF THE CHCHCHES. 
 
 M! 
 
 1 ,1 ' 
 
 'I'h 
 
 ;'i % 
 
 Xapoleon lie wrote : " Tho time is coining that 
 all kint^s must acknowled^^e the Kiiii^ of kin^js 
 or feel the rod of tlie Son of (iod." 
 
 To McKendree he stated the impossibility of 
 continuing, at threescore and ten, his arduous 
 labors, and suggested necessary ai'rangements. 
 
 Aftei' Conference at Lexinuton he wrote: 
 "My eyes fail. 1 will resign the stations to 
 Bishop McKendree. Jt is the fiftieth year of my 
 ministry. My mind enjoys great peace and 
 divine consolation. Whether life or death, good 
 is tho will of the Lord.' His Hebrew Bible and 
 Greek Testament were his (biily companions. 
 His journals bear testimony to his constant and 
 various reading, and apt criticisms indicate his 
 accurate discrimination. Without the learninij 
 of the schools he was yet " a workman tht *' 
 needed not to be ashamed." When not travel- 
 ling he would rise at four, spend two hours in 
 prayer and meditation, two in reading and study 
 and one in recreation and conversation. He re- 
 tired early after an hour of meditation and 
 prayer. He was a careful correspondent and 
 many of his letters have been published. 
 
 Wlu^n unable to walk to the house of God lie 
 was borne in the arms of his brethren, and in sit- 
 ting posture delivered his last messages. 
 
 He was anxious to attend the General Con- 
 ference of I81() in Baltimore, and on the 29th of 
 .\rareh r<'nehed the door of liis old friend. ^Ir. 
 
 M!i:l 
 
IHANCIs ASl'.ntN, 
 
 :*•; 
 
 ivel- 
 s hi 
 udv 
 ve- 
 an<A 
 au'l 
 
 (Jeoivrc Arnol"], in'.'ii' Ki-L'il«'i'ickslmrir, \ .t. 'V\u' 
 noxt (lay was spent in wi^arinoss an<l sutl'criiii;. 
 ( )n SuikImn' iiioniiiii:, at laiuilv (Icvntioji. liis 
 travel lino- conipanioii road the 21st eliaptoi* nl" 
 lievolation. As tlio service closed the Bisliops 
 head reclined, and his spirit calndy and (juickly 
 t«»ok its llitrht. 
 
 In the piesciice ol' a larii'e assenihh', with 
 appropriate ser\ices, his hody was laid to n'st in 
 Mr. Arnold'.s family bnryino--uronnd. At the 
 ret|Ue.st ol" the people ol' Baltimore it was after- 
 wards removed to their city and placed in a 
 vanlt, over which tlie followinj^ epitaph was 
 in.scrihed : 
 
 S\(UKI> TO TKK MkMOKV uk 
 
 KKV. FRANCIS A SB rUV. 
 
 UisHoi' OK I'HK .Mf;tH(>iii.st Fii'is<oPAL CnrKeii. 
 
 Hk was lioKN IN EMiLANh, Ana .ST *JnTH, 1745 ; 
 
 Fntkhki* iHK MiMsTiiv AT THK A<;e OK Skventeks : 
 
 Camk a Missionary to Amekica, 1771 ; 
 
 Was Okdainki) Bisiioi' in this City, DKr. 27th, 17H4; 
 
 Anni ALLY Visited the Conferknces in thk 
 
 I'nitki* States ; 
 
 NN'iTii Ml (II Zeal continieu ro "Puea« ii riiK Work" 
 
 for mohk than Hai.i- a Centiry ; 
 
 Ani> i.iteuam.v Hnkki* His Laisors with His Life, 
 
 NEAR FrEDKRICKSIUR);, \'lR»aNIA, 
 IN THK Fl LE TrUMI'II OF FaITH. ON THK 
 
 .■{1st of March, IHKi, 
 .\i;ei> 7<> Years, 7 Months ani» 11 Days. 
 
 n 
 

 ..t 
 
 
 
 WILLI \\> r.LACK. 
 
M 
 
 WILLIAM BI,ACK. 
 
 .\i>r,i S.-otiii, N.ir J:},iinsiricL. XetrfimndUniil, 
 iniii Fiinr,- J£tltni,i/ Ishtiui. 
 
 I7()0-I,s;^4. 
 
 I N fosterinu- tlie nicinory of lier pioneers in tlir 
 A provinces of British \ortl) America, tlie 
 Metliodist Clmrcli of to-day recalls with peculiar 
 pleasure and oivititude the name and labors 
 of William Black, one of the first to scatter 
 the precious gospel seed upon the virgin soil of 
 Britain s grandest possession. 
 
 HIHTH AXD EARLY J.IFE. 
 
 In Hudderstield, Yorkshire, in 1760, William 
 Black was born. With an uncle at Oxley, he 
 had early school advantages. While there' he 
 liad a narrow escape from being drowned. 
 He fell head-first into a trough of water in which 
 his uncle had put a trout for the boy's amuse- 
 ment. After a few years his yearning for home 
 overcame his love of school, and h" returned 
 unexpectedly. 
 
 In the spring of 177o the family emigrated, 
 and settled in Amherst, Nova Scotia. 
 
 To his mother William was indebted for faith- 
 
40 
 
 MKSSENGKUS OF TIIK CHl'KCHKS. 
 
 .1 I 
 ^1 
 
 w 
 
 "I 
 
 % 
 
 
 I !") V' 
 
 III' ' i 
 
 ful relifjious instruction. In his new home 
 with ungodly companions, he ruslied eafjerly 
 into vain and sinful dehf^lits. 
 
 VVlion lie was about nineteen years of age a 
 few Methodists from the Old Country be<>*an hold- 
 in(r prayer mt?etinos. Soon amonij^ many anxious 
 in(piirers were William and his brothers. For 
 weeks the meetings were c uitinued, deepening 
 into a geiuiiiie revival. Several of these young 
 men entered into an agreement to abandon their 
 evil ways. Deeper ainl deeper sank the shafts 
 of conviction into their awakened consciences. 
 
 After whole nights of wrestling prayer 
 William 
 
 WAS CONVEirrED 
 
 and entered into the peace and joy of a living 
 faith in Christ. In the dawning of a new life he 
 persuaded other meud3ers of the family to seek 
 the same blessed ex[)erience. He set up a family 
 altar in his father's house, chose for companions 
 such as feared Cod, devoted his time to reading 
 and prayer, remembered the Sabbath and found 
 ijreat delitibt in relii-ious services. Seasons of 
 temptation and great darkness came upon him. 
 The assaults of the enemy were wily and tierce, 
 but he gii'ded on the armor and was not worsted. 
 His influence upon his father and brothers 
 encourajjfed him. 
 
 He wrote Mv. Wesley, and received answers 
 which greatly helped him. His concern for 
 
 '; 
 
WILLIAM IU,A( K. 
 
 41 
 
 iwers 
 
 fOi- 
 
 othei's became deep and constant. Seldom 
 would he pass man, woman or child without 
 })i-aying for them and droppin<jj a word in season. 
 
 At a t;atherinjL(a young man proposed a dance, 
 uttered a jesting grace, then left in a rage on 
 vounir Black's mild but firm remonstrance. 
 After two years this vouno' man confessed his 
 error and asked* to be prayed for. 
 
 Frnpient success intensified his etlbrts. "I 
 longed vehemently," he said, " that all shouhl 
 know the precionsness of Christ, and could not 
 refrain from weeping, scarcely from speaking." 
 In the prayer met^tings he told his experience, 
 taking part in exhortation and prayer. His lips 
 were touched with the live coal, and his tongue 
 was loosed. Ten<lerly as earnestly he besought all 
 to be reconciled to God. To other places where 
 invite(l he went and his woi'd was with powder. 
 Homes and hearts were opened. Old and young 
 began to inquire the way to Zion. Destitution 
 of the means of <;;race was iieneral. Some zeal- 
 ous brethren assisted him, dividing theii- labors 
 among sev(>i'al settlements, " the Lord workinir 
 with th( m. ' The captain of a g'li rison, insti- 
 gated by the church ministt'i-, br» < • up one of 
 their meetings, taking twenty prisoners: but 
 soon released them, seeini"' his error. This oc- 
 currence fanne<l the ilame and helped the work. 
 'I'll',* prenching of the linv. Henry Alline, from 
 Falmouth, N S.. seemed to promise good ; but his 
 
42 
 
 MKr.sKSiJFHS <»K IHK <'Hi KcMKS. 
 
 ".HI' 
 
 Id i''. 
 
 I'M I 
 
 ll'l^' 
 
 
 I 
 
 mystical notions an<l especially liis doprcciatioii 
 ol* Mr. Wesley's teachinixs led to <li vision and dis- 
 aster. Some two hundred, however, oathere<l in 
 classes, stood Tor the I'aith as it is in Jesus. 
 
 The calls tor Mr. Black's services became .so 
 I'retjucnt that from earnest exhortations he passed 
 almost necessarily to more carefully prepared ex- 
 positions. Tnder his preachino- at Petitcodiac 
 River, in the sprin^' of 17S1, the sword of th<' 
 Spirit pierced so deeply that tifty years after- 
 war* Is the victories of those early days were re- 
 counted with triumph. In November, 17S1, 
 on coming' of a oe, the eager evangelist, yielding 
 to conviction of duty amid providential openings, 
 committed himself unreservedly to the work of 
 the Lord. He set oft' on a second visit to Petit- 
 codiac, preaching as he went, and cheered by 
 seeing the seed sown by many waters springing 
 up. In the end of tin? month he witnessed good 
 i-esults at Andierst, Fort Lawrence, Prospect and 
 other places. But soon tares appeared among 
 the wheat — destructive heresies of Mr. Al line's 
 
 sowing. 
 
 Thus far Mr. Black had labored without the 
 ordinary human credentials for the ministry. 
 l)OJ'n in a family nominally Methodist and born 
 again undiH' Methodistic teaching, he began im- 
 mediatelv to work with the material at hand. 
 He hail lieard the call of God and gone out, 
 not knowiui-' whither he went. Taught by the 
 
 ''-i 
 
 '! 1 
 
VVII.i.lAM I'.I.Ai'K. 
 
 in 
 
 the 
 itry. 
 )()rn 
 iin- 
 rtiul. 
 out, 
 tlu' 
 
 \Voi<l ami I('<1 l)y tlic Spirit. 1m' ti-.ivrj-sfd tlu' 
 wilderness ul" N()\a. Scotia. eallin<; men to 
 i-t'pentanc<', and the seal of (Jod rested upon his 
 labors. I-.ike Wesley, wliosc Hl'r and works lie 
 studied, 1h' lieheved in Providence and lot )ke<l lor 
 (hrection. He wa.s suri'ounded l)y a population 
 ol' some twelv«' tliousand, almost wliolly desti- 
 tute of relioious teaching. In a few v«?ars tlie 
 henetieial ett'ects of his labors were seen and 
 ae know led ii'ed from end to end of the Province. 
 Everywhere his visits, conversation and ])reach- 
 int; were followetl l)v aNvakenino:s and con\er- 
 sions. The converts were t^jathered into classes, 
 and the best arrangement practicable nia«le for 
 their instruction. He continue<l his itinerant 
 I'ounds, repeatino- his visits when able. 
 
 Amiti incessant iourneviri<xs and not infre- 
 i|uent perils lie sou<;ht to keep his walk close 
 with (lod. Keverscs and opposition were made 
 to contribute to fervency of spirit, as he declared, 
 " I know not that I evei* felt a atronticr d«'sire 
 after holiness." 
 
 Thoueh the la})orers \,ere few and tlie services 
 only occasional, steady pro<ijress was made in 
 Cuml)erland. But around and beyoml tlie 
 field was vast, and the destitution app<ialed 
 nr*;ently to Mr. Black's sympathetic spirit. He 
 saile<l for Windsor, preached at ('ornwallis, and 
 from bouse to house testified to all " repentance 
 toward ( !od and faitli in oui- Lor(| Jesus 
 
14 
 
 .MKssK\(Ji.Ks OK rm: cm hch ks. 
 
 ji. 
 
 ■fe;. 
 
 1.1 J ' 
 
 ..! liii^ 
 
 t .'I 
 
 I'i 
 
 Clii'ist." Miuiy ownt'd the Word to be " the 
 ))Ower ol' (J()(l unto salvation." Vet some arose. 
 <leflariiio- .Mi'. Black " no* luiiiistei' ol* Chi'ist " — 
 " not a Christian at all, but a minister oi" Anti- 
 christ." On the 7th of February he foi-med the 
 first class in Windsor : on the 1 1th he preached in 
 Halifax, where " few seemed to care about their 
 .souls." "( )h, what a town for wickedness is this I 
 And yet I cannot but hope to see a blessed 
 W')rk in ti.^ ^ ice." On tlie 16th the fii-st love- 
 feast was he), n Windsor — 'a season of weep- 
 ino- and I'cjoicin^-. In Halifax the good seed 
 was taking root. At Cornwall is the congrega- 
 tions grew rapidly. From Halifax earnest 
 entreaties drew Mr, Black to Granville, 
 Annapolis and Morton, where he witnessed a 
 ii'reat shakitin- aiuono- the dry bones. At Am- 
 herst he was })ained to find the .society invaded 
 by Antinomi.'in mysticism and about seventy 
 membej's drawn aw.ay. In a fortnight he had 
 reorganized the classes and appointed new 
 leaders, laying more firmly the foundations foi* 
 permanent [)rospei'ity. Kes])onding to other 
 cries, " (^'ome ovei' and help us," he hastened to 
 Tantramar. Hillsboroui'h and the head of Petit- 
 codiac Ri\('r, where the hand of the Lord was 
 with him, silencing if not convincing noi.sy 
 uainsayei's. while many wnndei'ers returned to 
 the fold. His friends endeavored to prevent 
 his n'turn to Halifax, where the /urss /<ur was 
 
 111 II 
 
WILLIAM BLACK. 
 
 45 
 
 in operation, h;.st he should be impressed into 
 His Afajesty's service. But where (hity called he 
 went without fear, and was allowed to pursue 
 his work unmolested. 
 
 A sermon preached at Windsor was attended 
 with such powerful influences that many )•(!- 
 quested its puhlieation. .Mr. Black yielded to 
 their importunity— for the tirst and last time. 
 At Horton, with Rev. Mr. Bencraft, he held a 
 lencrthy ar<rument on the total corruption of the 
 human heart, in which he successfully main- 
 tained the doctrine as tauoht in the Scriptures. 
 Fresh conflicts with mysticism awaited hin. at 
 Tantramar. At Hillsborouoh lie was besieged by 
 a company of plunderers, who went to heir him 
 pi-each. Some of them were melted to tears. 
 Amid their <lepredations he met them a^rain and 
 earnestly warned them. They left, sayino- they 
 would go twenty miles to .i^et clear of that 
 preacln-r: but went on stealino- sheep and o.xen, 
 robbing mills and leaving fandlies dcstitutr. 
 
 Amid incessant labors, though buoyant with 
 l«oi)r and not lacking cheering evidence of 
 divine approval, .Mr. Black was wont to bemoan 
 thr w.'M,kness of his faith, his lack of zeal and to 
 write bitter things against himself. Constantly 
 '"• ivgretted the lack of ..trly intellectual 
 disciphne. Though latr h.. indulg,.] the hop,. 
 <^1 spending a y<'ar ..r two in Mr. \V,.sleys 
 school at Kingswoo<l, ;,nd ur,u\. .pplic-ntion 
 
 iHi 
 
4H 
 
 MESSKXGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 wlu'ii writing lor inoit' laborers. Mr. Wesley 
 held out some hope of sendin*^- men. and re- 
 minded him that piety without learning was 
 hetter than learning without piety: that the 
 field was too vast and the harvest too pressing 
 I'or him then to be spared. Being called upon 
 by a young eiithusiast who claimed to be led by 
 the S])irit, "Mr. Black showed him his errors, 
 whereon he bccamt^ very antjrv, even furious as 
 it' under demoniacal influence. 
 
 When calmed by conversation and prayer he 
 confesscu a desire to tear out Mr. Black's eyes 
 or take his life, but could not. He visited the 
 garrison oo s<'e an awakened soldier, but the 
 ( Jeneral was greatly exasperated, and swore that 
 •' not one of the Methodists shall go near him." 
 
 W^hile ]U'eaching to the Dutch one or two fell 
 down, wringing their hands in great distress. 
 Leaving Halifax he preached at Liverpool, the 
 Falls, and on the east side of tlu^ river, where 
 some were under conviction, others praising the 
 Jjord, and the services continuing until midnight., 
 A stranger wrote asking for pra\^er, and was 
 converted. He was drowned soon after in Liver- 
 |)Ool harbor. 
 
 At Shelburne some noisy, profane men at- 
 tempted to attack the preacher, but the people 
 arose in his defence. F'rom Liverpool, where 
 many awakenings and conversions took place, he 
 itrissrd on to Wiiidsniv 
 
\V1LLIAM ni.ACK 
 
 47 
 
 '., he 
 
 Tin- peculiai- teachiiio-w of ^J,-. Alline wnv 
 provin.rr so prejudicial to Mr. Black and his vvoi-k 
 that hr wrote Mr. Wesley t'oi- a<i\ice, and r.- 
 ceived for reply: " Go on your way exactly as 
 if there w.n-e no such person in the world ; that 
 in his works he would Hn.j refutation of all such 
 errors," and j'efeiTed to some tracts he mioht use. 
 
 ".Myi,'reat advice," wrote Wesley, "to those 
 who are unite<I tocrether is, let hrotherly love 
 continue: Hold the unity of the Si^irit in the 
 I'ond of pence : hear ye one another s burdens, 
 and so fulHl the law of Chrisl." Such advice 
 suited the conciliatory spirit of his correspondent, 
 who. by such means, thou^r}, xvith little success, 
 s..u<rht to appeas<' the wrach of his .opponent. 
 Ife went On with his work cheered by some re- 
 mai'kable conversions. 
 
 In the end of 17S4, aftei- repeated re((Uests, 
 he, for the first time, 
 
 VlSITKl) I'RINCE EDWARD ISLAND, 
 
 Hud remain.>d about a fortnic^ht preachincr i,, 
 ( 'harlottetown, St. Peter's, etc., -rieved to'^find 
 t lie people so ^renerally stran-ers to true relhdon 
 
 Returnincr he was seized with sudden illness 
 tell upon the deck, and was only savt>d bv the 
 main boom from fallincr into the 'sea. 
 
 On the 17th of February. 1784, Mr. Black was 
 married to Mi.ss Mary Oay. of CUunberlan.! a 
 
48 
 
 MESSEXCJEHS OF THK CHTTRCFIES. 
 
 blessino- for many years. To Mrs. Black's tnany 
 estimable traits of character her husband was 
 iireatlv in(le))te(l for the successes of his lenij^th- 
 ened career. 
 
 Her con\'ersion was clear, an<l she cast in 
 her lot with the Methodists when thev were 
 much spoken aoainst. Her life was a beauti- 
 ful example of Christianity. Mr. Black had to 
 fore<jjo his stroufif desire to attend an educational 
 institution, but he earnestly endeavored to 
 supply the lack by private study, and took up not 
 only the cft^neral subjects in Enorlish of a min- 
 isterial education, but became also a careful 
 reader of the ( Jreek New Testament, and ac([uired 
 some knowledire of Latin. 
 
 In many of these stu<lies Mrs. Black became 
 a companion and helper. Mr. Wesley, writing- 
 in 17(S4, advised close athliation with 
 
 ■(>■! ' 
 
 ( ''i: 
 
 THE SOCIETIES IX THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 inider the superintendence of J )r. Coke and Mr. 
 Asbury. Mr. Black accordingly endeavored to 
 keep in close touch with American Methodism, 
 attending some of their Conferences and study- 
 ing their methods. In Boston and other places 
 his visits were long remembered. 
 
 In April, 1784, he was at Windsor, Halifax, 
 Shelburne and places adjacent. At Birchtown 
 he found a remarkable revival among the blacks, 
 promot<'d chiefly by .1 pooi- n<'gro who could 
 
 i( :1 U 
 
WILLIAM BLACK. 
 
 40 
 
 lit'ax, 
 (town 
 lacks, 
 
 neither see, walk nor stand. They liad nearly 
 200 uieniberH, in fonrteen classes. 
 
 In ^[ay, at Livcr|)n()l, he witnesseil encourai^ino- 
 dis{)lays of <livine nierc3% then sailed for Hjdifax. 
 He walked fortv five miles to Windsoi', where 
 lie receivetl a letter from his wife reo-rettin^' his 
 lonf ahseneii but hiddinu" him i^ood-speed in the 
 name of the Lord. 
 
 Ky the end of the month he was at Cmnber- 
 land. The society was very low, hut (juiekly a 
 revival In-oke out and kept him busy until 
 September. To enter the many openinf; doors 
 was impossible. In cpiest of helj) he set out for 
 Baltimore. In lioston he preached twice. Some 
 conversions rewarded his efibi'ts. 
 
 In New York, a strani^^er upon a hazardous 
 mission, his faith well-nitjjh failed. He went to 
 the pulpit in deej) <lejection. But a beautiful 
 and inspiriiin- t(.'xt came t(j him : "Consider the 
 lilies, how they f^row." " Shall he not much more 
 clothe you V The clou<ls dispersed and he was 
 tilled with joyful couHdence. In ()cio))er he 
 met Mr. Whatcoat in Mai'vland, and had the 
 pleasure of travelline;' with him for a week. A 
 few weeks later, to his <;reat joy, he fell in with 
 Dr. Coke, heard him preach, and received from 
 his hands the symbols of the Saviour's d vine- 
 
 ry 
 
 'ly 
 
 love 
 
 They visite*! Perry Hall, near Baltimoi-e, a costly 
 mansion built by Mr Gou^di. He had formerly 
 been much opposed to Methodists and to his 
 
50 
 
 .MKSSKNGEUS OK THE CHl.lirJIES. 
 
 ■t' , : 
 
 ii: 
 
 
 
 $ ? 
 
 k l!nl| 
 
 • l^i 
 
 wife lor attending' tlieir servic'cs ; but wlujii 
 y\v. As])ury ciixnc to preacli, ono of liis I'ricnds 
 said : " L(rt lis <^n and lu-ar him/' \U' went, was 
 awakened, and roturninir said to his wil'*', " M\' 
 Dear, I shall never attain hinder you t'roni hear- 
 inc; the Methodists." In o;reat distress he with- 
 drew IVoni a company of fi'iends to implore 
 mercy, and while on his knees was set at liV)ert\'. 
 He returned savinji : " I hav(i found the 
 Methodist blessiiiii' !" 
 Mr. Black attended the 
 
 CONFEHEN< "E 1 N HA l/riM( )RE, 
 
 December 24th, 1784, at which' Freeborn Garret- 
 son and James O. Cromwell were appointed to 
 Nova Scotia. " P«a*haps," said he, "such a 
 mnnber of zealous, godly men never before met 
 together in Maryland, perhaps not on the con- 
 tinent of America. ' 
 
 Messrs. CJarretson and Cromwell were soon on 
 their way to their new and distant field. Mr. 
 Black returned bv Boston to meet his wife, and 
 remained there until May, earning the honor of 
 introducing Methodism into that great seaport, 
 He began preaching in a private house. The 
 floor gave w^ay under the crowed. A larger 
 place was secured, but there also the timbers 
 failed. They repaired to a school-house, but it 
 also proved unequal to the strain. A meeting- 
 house was offered a,nd accepted, but failed to 
 
UILMAM HI-ACK. 
 
 ol 
 
 J-' 
 
 .<! to 
 
 lioM the tlioiisaiula unxious to hear. The Rev. 
 Mr. Stilhnan openc<l his church, but it also was 
 too small. Finally the Rev. Mr. Klliott invited 
 the zealous Methodist preacher to his church, 
 where the conorcijations were estimated at three 
 thousand. 
 
 .Mr Black's power to draw and hold the masses 
 lay not in popular talent, hut in his beinijf filled 
 with the Holy Ghost. 'IV) his sojourn in Boston 
 he ever looked back with oratitude : nor was 
 it forgotten l>y his hearers, some of whom wel- 
 comed him again to their city after thirty years. 
 In the end of l\Iav he reached Halifax, where 
 Mr. Garretson had been three months at work. 
 He had written Mr. Wesley and also Dr. Coke 
 of the work he- was undertaking and the neces- 
 sities of the people. Mr. Wesley could not 
 ])ledge much financial hel]). " You do not 
 know," he wrote, "the state of the English 
 Methodists. It is with the utmost difhcultv 
 that we can raise five or six hundred pounds a 
 year to suppl}' our contingent expenses : so that 
 it is entirely impracticable to raise five hundred 
 pounds to build houses in America." Mr. 
 Garretson became much endeared to the pecple : 
 but to him the country was straiifje. Comin<r 
 again to Cumberland, the scene of marvellous 
 displays of divine power, Mr. Black was pained 
 to find general laxity in reirard to the means of 
 grac«' and danjzerous worldlinoss invadiuL'" tli<' 
 
 
n'2 
 
 MKSSEN<!ERS OF THE riirRCFIES. 
 
 f 
 
 i<v 
 
 societies. Ah a coi'reetive Ik* wrote ;in<l cirou- 
 lated an earnest and scriptui'al epistlr, \varnin<;" 
 liis ])e()])le a<^ainst the spirit, maxims and diver- 
 sions of tin.' world : and with mneh tenderness 
 ur<^in(,' a decided I'eturn to tlie simphcity, devo- 
 tion and t'aithi'uhiess of former years, that times 
 of refresliinn' mi^^ht ha ^n-ant«Ml. 
 
 Witli zeal uncjuenchable he undertook a 
 circuit of almost the entire Province. 
 
 Starting;- in July, 1785, he visited Horton. 
 Granville, Annapolis and Dighy, resuscitating 
 the societies, and returned by Cornwallis, Horton, 
 Falmouth and Windsor. In Liverpool and Shel- 
 burne he found fruit from the labors of Garret- 
 son and Cromwell. 
 
 The winter he s]jent on the Cumberland 
 Circuit and returnt^d in the spring to Halifax. 
 The society was reoi'ganized .and increased by 
 conversions. Mr. Alexander Anderson, a grad- 
 uate of one of the Scottish universities, with no 
 predilection for Methodism, was led through 
 Mr. Black's preaching into a living faith in 
 Christ. For nearly half a century, as leader 
 and local preacher, he lived a pattern of piet}' 
 and a pillar in the Church 
 
 Writing Mr. Wesley, Mr. Black referred to 
 the declensions and signs of reviving: "With 
 us," replied Wesley, ' there has been no inter- 
 mission at all for seven and forty years, but the 
 work of God has been continually increasing." 
 
Ull.LlAM r.I.ACK 
 
 :.:i 
 
 no 
 
 Mr. I»ljick lii^^lily prized liis tVl low -laborers 
 iiiKJ kept up lVe(juent comiuuiiic.'itioii. So much 
 <li<l lie think ol" (iarretson, lii.s spirit and work, 
 that he iiri; d Ids a])pointnient as tiieii" (Jeneral 
 Superintendent. 
 
 The I't'wnesH of tlie men and tlie vastne.ss of 
 thrir lii'ld made fre<juent miietinos impossible. 
 Thev thend'ore arraimed for an annual District 
 Meeting". The first was held in October, 1780, 
 at Halifa.K. They carefully reviewed tlie inter- 
 ests of the work, and a;L?J"ced upon their appoint- 
 luents for tlu^ ensuino- year. Mr. Black and 
 Mr. Garretson had Halifax, Annapolis, Granville, 
 Di^by, Horton and Windsoi-, a circuit large 
 cnoujjfh for all their men. In many fields tares 
 were found sprin<yin<j^ up among the wheat. 
 Mr. Black's ac(|uaintance with the prevailing 
 (n-rors proved instructive and helpful to his 
 colleague, and they found that — 
 
 " Two are l)ettL'r far than one, 
 For counsel or for fiuht." 
 
 to 
 
 nth 
 
 ter- 
 
 the 
 
 ■ '■$ 
 1 
 
 In warning the ungodly, directing in(|uirers, 
 jind finding access to the public nund Mr. Black 
 made frecpient use of pen and press. 
 
 Many of his letters to individuals testif v to his 
 deep concern for their salvation, and reveal 
 his skill in discoverino- and removino' hind- 
 ranees, settling disturbing (juestionings and 
 guiding w^anderers into the way of life. 
 
i^ 
 
 M I 
 
 54 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE OHL'KOHES. 
 
 In Mr. Garretson lie found friend, companion 
 and counsellor, and was much concerned about 
 his return wlien, in 1787, he left for the Con- 
 ference in Baltimore. Even with so good a 
 helper his lahors were excessive — one to two 
 hundred miles in the saddle every week, besides 
 Sunday preaching- in Halifax. 
 
 A letter from l)i'. Coke, with the prospect of 
 a visit, greatly cheered him. It turned out a 
 disappointment, however, for the vessel on 
 which he sailed was driven by contrary winds 
 to the West Indies. These contrary winds were 
 in the hands of the (Jreat Disposer, and wafted 
 the Gospel and its messengers to shores where 
 darkness reigned, and opened the way for a 
 lasting work in the islands. 
 
 He received a sympathetic letter from Mr. 
 Wesley, Mio desired to be kept well informed 
 of the v.ork. Amid many discouragements 
 there w{is ever some good news to report. 
 Individual conversions or wide-sprea<l revivals 
 Avere constant. In the month of May he had 
 been aiding an extensive I'evival in Liverpool. 
 
 Returniui'- in June to Halifax he was im- 
 mediately pointing sinners to the Lamb of God. 
 He had sent to the Conference his earnest desire 
 regarding Mr. (jiarretson, in harmony witli 
 th(! views of Ml-. Wesley and Dr. Coke, and was 
 looking eagerly for his return. But the Confer- 
 
 — — - j«_ 
 
WILLIAM IILAC'K. 
 
 .)<> 
 
 ■-K 
 
 t'lice aj)pointtMl liim elsewluTc, and sent Jesso]) 
 and Hickson in his stead. 
 
 At tlie S(^coiid Nova Scotia District Mcctin*;-, 
 ( )ctulH'i", ITST.tlK'io were })i'esent — Messrs. IJlack. 
 .lohn and .hunes Maiui, (Irandine and Jessop. 
 Tlieir session w as cheered hv news of revival in 
 New N'ork and Xiri-inia. in wiiich fii'ty to a 
 hinidrcd were converted in a day. 
 
 .\i) cyr-witiu'ss wrote: " My pt'n cainiot eon- 
 \('\- an idea of the nii<>litv power oT (lod as 
 rhcre (hspbuMMl. I never saw the tentii part of 
 such .1 work. iJefore tlie preachers be^'an to 
 speak tilt' power of (»od came down. Hnndreds 
 <»f siniiei's heoan to ci"v alond for mercy and 
 saints to n-joiee and ]>ra,y for tlu'iiL (/on<^re^a- 
 tions of five tliousand and at K^ast five Imndi'ed 
 eoiiNcrsions. ( )n tw; or thrive circnits within 
 two months about one thousand souls have 
 found peace witl» (Jod. Ul(jrv to the dvino' 
 liaud> for(;ver ' " 
 
 With the iiood-wil! of the brethren .Mr. I^lack 
 continued his oversight of all the societies. 
 
 From Shelbui'iie, Noveml)er, i7-S7, he wi'oti' a 
 special pastoral to the mendjers in Halifax. 
 Vor himself at the bei-iiniins"- of IV>SS, as was 
 liis eust(»m, he solenndy renewed his covenant 
 with (Jod. Tile eai'ly months ])roved seasons 
 of tierv tiial beu'ettinu' heaviness. A tinm' of 
 depi'e.ssion seemeil inse])arable from his mental 
 constitution, and his diary reveals many (piick 
 
 i 
 
•I I 
 
 tmat 
 
 56 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 -1 "'il!' 
 
 transitions from valley to mountain top — 
 checkinii liis cliidino-s and forebodinirs with 
 "Arise! Arise! and in the strength of (Jod 
 resolve." 
 
 He met the brethren at Halifax in ^lay. 
 Visitin^^ Shelbni'iie, Barrino;ton, Cape Ne^jro, 
 Port Latore, Port Medway and Halifax he found 
 signs of [trosperity. 
 
 For tlie grounding of his people in ? ' essen- 
 tial doctrines he preached a series of sermons 
 on man - from Eden, tlirough tive fall, redemp- 
 tion, resurrection and ascension. In reading 
 the lives of Whitetield, Fletcher and other 
 servants of God he gathered instruction and 
 inspiration. 
 
 Like Wesley he read and pondered the search- 
 ing suggestions of Cecil, and kept on his guard 
 aixainst being dead while vet havino; a name to 
 live. Entering another year he records many 
 wise resolutions. "May the life I live be by 
 faith in the Son of God ! " Livino- in Windsor 
 he found the Sabbaths and the services sources 
 of great joy. He traversed the townships of 
 Windsor, Falmouth and Horton, cheered by 
 evidence that his labor was not in vain. 
 
 Domestic aiiiiction came — three children ill and 
 the eldest daughter scarcely expected to recover ; 
 but after a few weeks he writes thankfully, 
 "(yclia is recovering fast, also Martin and 
 William. GL ry be to God ! " A still sorer trial 
 
 
WILLIAM BLACK. 
 
 57 
 
 of 
 
 came in the serious illness of Mrs. Black, but she 
 also recovered. 
 
 If the conversion of souls be a seal to the Chris- 
 tian ministry, this evidence was not lackinr^. 
 Yet up to this time jMi*. Black had received no 
 formal ordination. As Dr. Coke was to attend 
 the Ct)nference in Philadelphia, ho arrano-ed to 
 ])e there that he mifrht be ordained. He was 
 then a|)pointed Superintendent over the societies 
 in Xova Scotia, New Brunswick and Newfound- 
 land. This additional responsibility he accepted 
 with much difKdence. In December, 17«S(), he 
 wrote Mr. \Vesle3^ desirin<i^ his counsel. He 
 reported 575 members, of whom fifty were 
 added since his last letter, Mr. Wesley replied 
 with lessons from his own experience, and bid- 
 dintj^him follow the openings of Providence. 
 
 Authority to administer the Sacraments was a 
 ji^reat satisfaction, and he accepted it as a neces- 
 sary (pialitication for the full work of the min- 
 istry. A dfitailed report was acknowled^^ed by 
 Mr. Wesley, then in age and feebleness extreme 
 but breathing the ardor and intensitv of earlier 
 years, ' Never was there throughout li^ngland. 
 Scotland and Ireland so great a thirst for the 
 })Uie Word of God as there is at this da v. The 
 same we find in the little islands of Man, Wight, 
 Jersey, Guernsey and Alderney. I have just 
 tinished mv route through Scotland, where I 
 never had such congregations before. So it 
 
; ■>! ! 
 
 58 
 
 \IESSEN(;ERS OF THE CHl'RCHES. 
 
 ,iii I ji 
 
 
 ,1 ! I 
 
 pleases God to «rive me a little more to do before 
 He calls me hence." 
 
 In order to secure more preachers Mr. Jilack 
 left for the New York C/onference, May, 1791. 
 He was just in time to meet Dr. Coke before his 
 sadden departure for England on account of the 
 death of the venerable Wesley. He attended 
 the Philadelphia Conference, and was much 
 impressed by the wisdom, orace and prudence of 
 Mr. Asbury. 
 
 A week later, at the New York Conference, 
 six preachers wei-e assigned to Nova Scotia. 
 This was an eventful vear in Mr. Blacks life. 
 
 HE SAILED EUR NEWEOUNDLAXD, 
 
 arrivino- at 8t. John's on the 10th of Aujjust. At 
 C^arbonearhe found Mr. IVIcGeary disheartened 
 and about to abandon the field. Slight evi- 
 dence remained of Mr. Coughlan's labors. 
 
 Undiii" Mr. P>lack's first sermon the clouds be- 
 gan to l)reak. After the service thirty-seven 
 met in class. In the evenini*; the house was full. 
 Through the week many were crying for mercy. 
 At Harbor Grace a o-eneral concern for salvation 
 was awakened. " May they know the da}^ of 
 their visitation I (.Jod, carry on thy work, and 
 enable ni«' to be faithful." 
 
 " Tis worth living for tliis — 
 To administer bHss 
 And .sfdvation in Johus's name." 
 
 
Wll.LlA.M BLACK. 
 
 ')<) 
 
 The next Sabbath at Port-a-Grave and Bay 
 Roberts he preached to several Imndreds, met a 
 lar<;e class and added some new converts. At 
 Harbor Grace scores were seeking- mercy. At 
 Blackhead and Freshwater the Holy Gliost fell 
 upon the people, and the saved of the Lord were 
 many. 
 
 Sunday, September 1st, was a memorable day 
 
 ill Harbor Grace, followed b}^ other days and 
 
 nights of salvation, " resultino; in a lar^e acces- 
 
 sion to the Methodist society and the dawn of 
 
 that brighter day, which has since shon(? up(m 
 
 our mission in the island." Not less than two 
 
 hundred conversions were reported during his 
 
 brief visit to Conception liay. " I think I never 
 
 had so ati'rcting a j)Mrting from <iny people 
 
 before.'" 
 
 '• Take my soul iind Ixtdy's powers. 
 Take my memory, mind and will : 
 All my i^oods and all my hours, 
 
 All I know, and all 1 feel, 
 All I think or spi'ak or do : 
 Take my heart ! hut make it ni'w I " 
 
 These seasons of trium[)h were a preparation 
 for discouragement and opposition awaiting him 
 at Halifax. The chapel, owned by an indivi(iual, 
 was denied him, and immediate etlbrts l)ecame 
 nec.'ssary for the erection of another. Subscrip- 
 tions were ottered freely and a beginning made. 
 He visited Horton, Granville, Annapolis an<l 
 l>igby : then passed over to 
 
(iO 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 ST. JOHN, N.B., 
 
 where his time was taken up " twixt the mount 
 and multitude." Witnessiiifi- the desecration of 
 tlie Lord's Day by certain ship-l>uilders lie spoke 
 of it in his evening sermon. These men retal- 
 iated by charf>in*,^ him before the Clerk of the 
 Peace with contempt of the law in preaching 
 without a license. Such were the technicalities 
 of existing laws and the unjust discrimination 
 made against all ministers not of the Church of 
 England, that Mr. Black, after some weeks of 
 pastoral labor, deinned it advisable to return to 
 Halifax. 
 
 At this juncture he sadly missed his friend 
 and adviser, but found a substitute in Dr Coke, 
 who continued his oversight of the provinces. 
 
 In February, 1792, the District Meeting was 
 held at Windsor. A revival was in progress, 
 and towards the erection of a chapel money 
 was freely subscribed. At St. John, under Mr. 
 Bishop, also at Fredericton and Sheffield there 
 were signs of prosperity. At St. Stephen's he 
 tarried with Mi-. McColl, who, while in the navy, 
 had been converted. Though brought up a. 
 rigid Calvinist he had become an earnest Meth- 
 odist and was then the minister in charge of 
 a spiritually minded iiock. In May Mr. Black 
 returned to St. John, heard Mr. Bishop's fare- 
 well sermon and administered the Lord's Supper. 
 He attended the General Conference at Balti- 
 
 
WILLIAM I;LAUK. 
 
 (11 
 
 iiKjn; in October, and secured five juklitional 
 pR-achers. At tlie earnest desire of Dr. Coke, 
 Mr. Black was trjinsferred to the West India 
 Islands, and Mr. Harper appointed his successor. 
 Dr. Coke and Mr. Black visited St. Eustatius, 
 l)Ut W'Cre repelled by the despotic ( Jovernnient. 
 Persecution and wickedness prevailed. On the 
 'li\(\ of January, I79.S, they leached 8t. C'liris- 
 topher's and found al)Out l."»00 colored people in 
 society. At St. Vincent, the niinistei-, Mr. Landi, 
 was in prison for preaching. 'J'hey attended the 
 Conference at Antiij^ua, where thirteen preachers 
 were in session. Mr. Black, with ^Ir. Baxter, 
 made a tour of St. Kitts, where he was to 
 reside, preacliiufij several times. In March he 
 returned to Nova Scotia for his family. 
 
 The new chapel at Halifax was comphted. 
 His few months' absence had convinced his 
 brethivn that a stranti^er could not supply his 
 place, and they sent an uri>ent re(|uest to Dr. 
 Coke for his return. This was allowed, and 
 entering afresh upon his j^rovidential work, he 
 
 
 VISITED I'HIXCE EDWARD ISLAND. 
 
 The revival under ^Ir. Grandine had continued 
 for two years. At Charlottetowni Joshua New- 
 ton had the nucleus of a tloui'ishinir society. 
 
 At their annual mooting, 17'.'4, 1,100 members 
 were reported. Dr. Coke's expected visit was 
 again unavoidably postponed. 
 
fm 
 
 n' 
 
 62 
 
 MESSENTJERS (W THE CHI IICHES. 
 
 ,„, ■:. 
 
 ''( il 
 
 Strono-ly as Mr. BUack w»aH ))oiinrl to the lainl 
 of his adoption lie cherislied the hope of some 
 day returning to liis native hmd. An oppor- 
 tunity to visit Eno'lnnd came in 1800, and a hearty 
 welcome was given liim by ministers and people. 
 In 1804 the population of Nova Scotia was 
 estimated at 60,000, and that of New Bruns- 
 wick at 25,000. 
 
 In Halifax population and trade were variable, 
 depending nuich on the military or naval force, 
 peace or war. These fluctuations seriously 
 affected the Society, then numbering 150 witli 
 a congregation of 000. Liverpool, Shelburne, 
 Annapolis and Windsor reported some progress, 
 also Cumberland, where, twenty-four years 
 before, Mr. Black had begun his ministry. 
 River St. John, N.B., had three chapels and 200 
 members : the Cit}' St. John a chapel holding 
 400, witlt 80 in Society : St. Stephmtwo chapels 
 and 70 members. Dr. Coke was anxious for 
 Mr. Black's presence in Bermuda, but his plans 
 failed. He renewed his efforts a couple of years 
 later, but the preachers, in their District Meet- 
 ing, unanimously requested that he be allowed 
 to remain, and that his superintendency be 
 extended to Newfoundland. 
 
 The spiritual depression deplored in 1804 gave 
 ]3lace a year or two later to a rising tide of 
 prosp(^rity, spreading from Liverpool, N.S., to 
 St. John, N.B. \u the lattei' citv, under Re\'. 
 
WILLIAM HLA<'K. 
 
 ()8 
 
 
 Joshua Marsden, seventy lueiuhers were added in 
 three weeks. Barrin^ton, Annapolis and other 
 [)hices rejoiced in glorious liarvesls. " Within 
 twelve months past the Lord has poured out 
 His Spirit abundantly in many parts of this 
 province. The kinodom of (iod is enlarging." 
 Joshua Newton wrote: "The Lonl has done and 
 is still doing great things for Liverpool. His 
 Spirit is poured out upon old men and maidens, 
 young men and children. Though we have 
 prayed for this blessing we stand amazed at tlie 
 work." 
 
 By 1812 Mr. Black's incessant labors and 
 increasing infirmities compelled him to retire, 
 as a supernumerary, but lie continued to render 
 manv valuable services to the Church. Li 181(5, 
 with the Rev. Wm. Bennet, h>> was sent by the 
 British Conference to the American General 
 Conference on the important embassy of adjust- 
 ing their relations to the Canadian work. 'J'o 
 secure, if possible, a friendl}' transfer of Ameri- 
 can interests was the ol)ject sought. 
 
 The deleo-ates were welcomed bv the Con- 
 ference and their pro]^osal dul}' considered, but 
 declined. This decision rendered collision in 
 the Canadian field almost unavoidable. Even 
 tually the question of ecclesiastical jurisdiction 
 was set at rest by the Canadian church asking 
 and receiving independence, then uniting with 
 tlu' Rnorlish Confoi'once. 
 
 P 
 
04 
 
 MESSENGEKS OV THE CHUKCHES. 
 
 i 
 
 W :i 
 
 it ' : I 
 
 J)urinjr liis years oi' rotireincut Mr. Bl.ack 
 i-esided in Halilax, trn!ii wliicli coiitn^ ho nuMle 
 t'rt'(|uent and ficcoptnhlc visits to former tields. 
 
 In 1<S2() he took a tonr amonii" old friends in 
 tiie United States. The clianjie Troni Ids first 
 visit in IT'S^ was vei'v i::reat. Tlie cluirches in 
 Boston, New York, Piiiladclphia. Baltimore, 
 Washino;ton and other phices indicated the 
 gc^neral increase in forty years from 1,<S00 to 
 250,000 memliers. One confei'ence liad become 
 eleven, with an annual increase of GO ministers 
 and 15,000 members. 
 
 But exliilaratino' as were tin.' incidents of 
 travel and friendship they failed to reinvigorate 
 his wastino; enero;ies. He had served his 
 ^^eneration, by tlie will of God, and realized 
 how unequal he had become to any but the 
 li<;htest services. 
 
 In 1.S23, being unable to attend the District 
 Meeting, he sent the brethren a fatherly letter 
 full of gratitude, resignation and hope. 
 
 He still used his pen and greatly enjoyed 
 correspondence with man}^ friends. In 1827 he 
 was called to ])art with his chosen companion, 
 who for nearly half a century had been the 
 light of his home, the solace of his griefs and 
 the cheerful sharer of his burdens. A tablet to her 
 memory was placed in the Halifax chapel. Not 
 in Halifax alone, but through the provinces and 
 beyond, the nanu' of IMrs. Black was as ointment 
 
 rilli. ,;i 
 
WILLIAM BLACK. 
 
 60 
 
 ])oiire<l forth. A son, Samuel, «lio(l a year Ik'- 
 t'oro lii.s mother, and a (lani^htcr, Mrs. .1. A. 
 IJarry, a few years hiter. 
 
 On the ()th of September, 1<S.'J4, the call came 
 suddenly to himself. ft was the time of the 
 cholera and under an attack his feeble streni-th 
 oave way speedily. "All is well!" he said, 
 " All is peace I No fear, no doubt. L«t Him 
 do as He will. He knows best." With " God 
 bless you ! All is well " upon his lips, he closed 
 his ey 
 
 es in 
 
 death 
 
 A sermon was preached by the Rev, R. 
 Kni'dit from 2 Tini. iv. 7, 8 : "I have fou<rht 
 a <^ood light I have tinished my course,' etc. 
 
 A memorial tablet was placed in the chapel, 
 where he had so often preached, liearing the 
 ollowin*;' iiiscri])tion — 
 
 f 
 
 SACinon TO Till-: mi:moi{V 
 
 OF 
 
 THi: UKVKUKNI) WILLIAM IJLACK, 
 
 WHOSE LABORS IX THK GOSPKL MINISTRY FOR 
 
 HALF A CFNTURV IIAVK IJEKN ACKNOWLi:i)(;p:iJ 
 
 wrrn distinciuisiikd afprohation ijy the 
 
 (JREAT HEAD OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 For many years he was the General 
 Superintendent of the Weslevan Missions in 
 Xova Scotia and New Brunswick, where he is 
 justly deemed the Father of MethodisuL To 
 his labors, prudence and paternal care is the 
 
♦ Wi 
 
 .MKSSFA'«;EHS <•! TIIK ( IH'HCHKS. 
 
 ( 'liurttli in Mjililax riiucli iiidrhtcil U)V its ri.sr, 
 ineruMHc and prosprrity. With its liistory will 
 his uaiiie he Jissociated ami liis iiit'inorv n^vcrcJ 
 'hiring its cDiitiiiuantT. lie rntcivfl into rest. 
 Srpteinbi'r «Sth. l<s:U. aj^cd 74." 
 
 The licv. K. Liishrr wi-otc a tittiiiir ti'ihutr to 
 iiis inc'inorN, which the Ivcv. M. Kichcv, l).J).. 
 appended to his lovino- jind acciiiate ineiuoir ol' 
 their mutual friend and I»rotlier — " T/ir Ftilln r 
 of Mf'fhotiisiii ill Xni'ii Srofvt. 
 
 
 M 
 
 REV M ^TTHE^^ };irTTKV. D T> 
 
will 
 
 crcMJ 
 
 rest . 
 
 Lc t<» 
 
 ]).!).. 
 
 ir ol" 
 
 tlhrr 
 
 INDIAN MlSSlOXARins. 
 
 I'I<:TKI: .M)\Ks -KAH-KK.\VA.(,)r()-N.\-MV. 
 ls(»2 is:)() 
 
 JOIfX Nr.\I)A\ SIIA-Wrx-DAIS. 
 I7!>r. is:,-.. 
 
 PKTFJ; JACOBS PAH-TAlI-SlvCAV. 
 
 KSU8-1S-).S. 
 
 HK\i:\ 11. STKIMIATKR. 
 I8-J0-1.SS4. 
 
 ( 'il itdilii , 
 
 T^HE eoMvcrsioii ol" our Canadian Indians to 
 1 Christianity is aniono- the most tlirillin^r 
 nroi-ds of modern missions. As wo luarn froin 
 themsohvs— these children ol' the forest— the' 
 story of their tii-st reception of the (;osf)el, a 
 story so simple yet so triumphaiit, we- involun- 
 tarily join in their n^joicino- and oratitude. It 
 seems, indeed, an.azinu- that those luit just awak- 
 ened out of pao-an .larkness should present such 
 Hbidinrr evidences of true Christian experience, 
 and that they should be able so ti-uthfullv and 
 •so etfectively to declare to others the m-eat salva- 
 
 tion. See 
 
 nio 
 
 )i 
 
 in their lives and 1 
 
 earnino; from 
 
 "'ii- r.'cords the wondei-fnl cl 
 
 67 
 
 iMniic wrono' 
 
 ht 
 
 in 
 
 I 
 
68 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 j 
 
 
 ■■ • I 
 
 nil'' ' ' I 
 
 |i. :; 
 
 their hearts, well may we mugnify the grace of 
 God in them. 
 
 As several of these early converts lived and 
 lahored much together, it seems but just to them 
 and most satisfactory to our readers that we 
 notice the main particulars in their several 
 lives as they occui'. We shall see, however, 
 that Peter J<:)nes was not onlv one of the first 
 converts, hut that he v/orthily maintained a 
 foremost position l)oth .*is missionary and over- 
 seer of ut/K^'s. While it is not our purpose to 
 present in this brief record tiie lives and labors 
 of our honore<l brethren, the white missionaries 
 to the Indians, vet several of their names will 
 incidentally appear. 
 
 I'KTER .lOXES 
 
 was born at Burlington Bay, Ontario, January 
 1st, ]80'2. His grandfather came from Wales 
 and settlecl on the Hudson River, New York, 
 before the Revolution. F^is father, coming to 
 Canada as a surveyor, in laving- out new town- 
 ships became much associate* 1 with the Indians 
 and marrie<l the daughter of an Ojibwa chief. 
 Peter was the second son, and a great feast was 
 made when he received his name — Kahkewa- 
 ']Uonabv — " Sacred Waving Feathers." He was 
 dedicated to the god of thunder and presented 
 with a war clul) and a bunch of eagle feathers. 
 WIkmi •[uite young he went with a lar-^f party 
 
k^ 
 
 I 
 
 no- 
 
 .->'.^-- 
 
 /^ C ' 
 
 GO 
 
'if 
 
 
 
 Ml'>>s| \(;|,|{s Ml' I'll?.: . IM'IK'MKS. 
 
 In ( Jcnrsscr IJivcr. NfW NttrU, .niJ ;iH»'inli't| 
 st'\<'r;\l hiili.ni Irjisls. Willi Ixtw. ;Mrn\\ mix) 
 mnii lir ItrcniH' M m'l ;il liiml(M\ 
 
 W li(Mi ;il»t>ul iniii' yr,'u-(>r ;ii;t' he \\ ;\a m<I«»|»(<m| 
 liy ;in <))il>\\;\ clnil', (\\|i|;iii) .lini. wlm lia-l losl 
 his soil. ;intl \\;is (;»I\<m» I(» \\\r K'ivri ( 'i('<|i<,. 
 Tli»Mt> liis lu'w r.illitM ;muI liis prttj)!^ in<lnli;<'"l 
 ill ilninkcn lV(>li<'s. \\l\ilr llic clnMrni suHrird 
 luiiiLMM' riir<Mi^li r\p(>sur(> I't'lcr liccMmc (Mip- 
 I'ltNl, Miitl his iMolhcr n.is sent loi . She (nok 
 liiiu to S(<MU>\ ('reck. Jliirly niilrs (h^(m^ll llir 
 \\>>ni|s With ll»<> r(>jinn ol' w .'inn w.'.'ijhrr his 
 k'nn(Mi(>ss (lis;\p|n\'n'«Ml. 
 
 li\ th(> war of \S\'2. tlic I n<li;n»s otomI ly hdpcJ 
 <h( Ih-ilish. Wilh his hi()lli(»rh<> was hoiTilicd 
 ttt stN> thr ilcntl .•in<i Wiuniticti allcr lh<' l>at(l<' 
 of Sloncy ('rt'(>k. In IM(i IN^Icr was sent t<» 
 sclu>ol aii'l li\nn(>(l I'.n^iish. The lu'xl yrar his 
 poopl«> nit<\c<l to \\\v (iran«I I^Mvcr aninuLj,- llir 
 M«^lia\\ ks. \\li(>s(> h"i<llin;4" ami danciM^" proved a 
 L;r(\'»l atlraction. 
 
 lM'^iinnn'4 lo t hiidv ihal I he ( 'hiist ian religion 
 was tiut' and thai it was a duty he owimI to 
 the (Ireal Spirit, he was haj>ti/.ed in |S*J() i>y a 
 ininisttM" of t lie ('hiin'li o\' Miiiiland. l>u(. as he 
 thought o\' htMiii^' ■■> (Miristian. the conduct of 
 siMuc wliites (h'iiikinL;-. ^luarrellinn' and client - 
 \x'^^r — dnn ,^ him liaels to the supcT'-l it ions of his 
 ]H\>p]e. an I he was (he sanu> wild Indian as 
 before his haptisni. 
 
I\hl \ \ MISSION VKIKs 
 
 71 
 
 .1 M 
 
 ion 
 1«) 
 ty M 
 s \u' 
 
 cat - 
 his 
 1 as 
 
 Aoiiinsl file Witter lit-wason liis (<iiai <l, I lniik 
 ill" fliiiiikt'iiiH'ss M <liM<rrar<' !<» mm liMiiati In 
 llic sMnimrf (»r IS22 In- IrjiiiMfl laick iiiakiii;^, 
 a?i<l sa\<"(| n IJMlc ijioricy (hat lie irii/^^lil at,t«'ii<l 
 sclioni 'III*' jn\t, y»'ai- lir woikcf) Ins lailHTs 
 1)11111 Ml! Mliar«'s. I*'i(>m a, \(»iim"- man, SrMi 
 ('ra\vrf)nl. Im* ncfivrd iniicli iiiMtniction In 
 .liuir, IS:^;{, li«' alif'M<l«'«l I he Ancastf'i' camp 
 nit'clifi", aiixiniis to src how tJic M«'tlio(|ist.H 
 wni',sIii|ijK'(| tlic (Jicat, S|iii-it in tli" wiMciiK'ss. 
 riic encampment, a,lM»nt, two a(;!'«'s rncloscl 
 with a IhmimIi IcfuM' - t/hc hla/inir fin' sbuwlH, the 
 "teat, •lathrrinir, l.li«' pi'eachei-s, the l»lowir»f of 
 \\\r horn Tor scivicc, the pr•e)l('llin•^ sirifiri" 
 |irayin;^, imprrsscfl him (Iccply. Il<; heoan to 
 led "very sick in his hcact," an<l was s(/ori cry 
 ini,^ "What, nnist. I »lo to lie savcfl ^" '\\> con 
 ci'mI his emotions he retircfj into the woo<ls. 
 Itie ministers, St,oney atxl h'et'i^nson, took him 
 iii(<» the nraver meetjne-, where he lonrKl his 
 sister Mary rejoicinL^', >in<l piayin;^ for liim. 
 Sixai he I'ejoiced with her and praised (iod in 
 the mi<lst »!' the people, which caused I'llder 
 (jise to exclaim, ' ( do!'y t,o ( iod ' there st.;in'ls a, 
 son of Aii;;ust.ns Jones. Now the floor is opened 
 aiii(in<4; his nation I " 
 
 Kefcni'nin;^' home he met, in a, class led l>y Setli 
 
 ('r.'iwi'ord, and heard the Methodist preachers 
 
 Torry, Whitehead. Stoney a,nd (jtlieis. The 
 
 revival spread amone whites, M(»hawks and 
 
 'iM 
 
PMMI 
 
 I Am 
 
 MKssKN<;i:us OF tiik rnn{(Mir,s. 
 
 .' ';*; 
 
 (^liippt>\v.'is. ('liief D.'ivis o^avo up liis house lor 
 pnNU'hin^ and scliool, :\\u\ took Ins lainily into 
 a lo<r cabin, hi l.S:>4 IVtvr tau'dit a small 
 school, assistctl in the Sunday Seho"l, spent 
 nuicli time in reatlinij;, and h(^«j;aii to tell what 
 th(^ I^ord liad done lor him. Manv ol* his rela- 
 tives comiuLj' to s(H» him were led to J< sus. 
 
 The lirst Indian Methodist church was built 
 at |)a\ isvill(> in 1S24. He assisti'd in the 
 stM'vices and in the school, comiuir bv and by to 
 feel that he nnist carry the (lospel to his ]KH)pl(\ 
 He became* inttM'pretir for the ministers and I'e- 
 ji)iced in thi* conversion of several Indians, w liose 
 expei'ience .-ind testinu>ny astounded the pt'ople. 
 
 He beoiu teachiui:' his bn^thren to clear the 
 land, to sow and j)lant, and secui'ed oxen and 
 sccmI for them. 
 
 Mrs. Kerr, dau^htei* of the Moh.iwk (Mii»f, 
 doseph Ih-ant, visited tlie scliool, found tiiirty- 
 four children, and <;'ave tliem })re.sents. l^ider 
 the ])reacliin(^- of Mr. Torjy there were wonder- 
 ful displays ol' savin*.^ jK)wer. He took Pet<»r 
 with him to visit the C'hippewas and Munceys 
 on the l\i\er Thames, holdiuir meetinii-s by the 
 way. They found about two hundred Munceys, 
 anionir whom ]\'tt>r mack' his way. They did 
 not think nnich of the reli^i'ion of the wliite men 
 who taui,dit their people to drink tin' water, but 
 thanked them for their visit. 
 
 A Council was called to consider the nc^v ro- 
 
INIH.W MISSION A I! IKS. 
 
 7'^ 
 
 [ov 
 
 'V- 
 
 .lie 
 
 ii'ii 
 »iit 
 
 re- 
 
 lio-ioM iiu(\ the opoiiiiiLr of a school. Tlic ( 'Inds 
 would Jicrcpfc a school, luit hcsiti'rd ahoiit 
 chan<:iii<r thcii' rclijiioii. Altci" live <Iavs in 
 hun<^('r and wcariticss (h<'y reached Noith 
 Talhot Street, held sevei'al ser\ ices and (^Juai"- 
 tei'ly MeetiiiL^ at Ihii'dick's chapel, atteiidcfl )>y 
 five or six huixli-ed. 
 
 Ivet»iinin<r home, Sui)da\' niorniiiLT oix'iicd 
 with a pi'ayer iiiectiiiL;', i'orty-l'our scholai's in 
 the Sunday School, ;,^ood pnhlic sei-vices and 
 class nie(;tin<r. "The o\'erwhelnnntr i)ower" ol" 
 divine e-rac*^ descende(l, an<l (he slain ol" the 
 Lord wei"e seen all over the house." V()V 
 weeks th<' lire was kept l)Ui'nin<^ - convrsions 
 at nearly <'ver\ ineetin<r. Anothei- camp meet- 
 ine- came ()n "fourteen of my Indian hrethreti 
 C()nvei't«'d." 
 
 On th', ii" way to tlie Ihnnher for their annual 
 presents the Indians pitched tluMi* \vi<^wams at 
 the Credit an<l held a ])rayer meetin;^'. A 
 dru!d\<'n wdiite man was asketl to letii'e as 
 not, fit to Ije amonnr pi-ayin;^ Indians, .lones 
 ])reache(l to some three hundi-ed, and many fell 
 to the earth — some rejoicini:', others cryinii' for 
 Miercy. (/ol. (livens eame with the jn-esents, 
 accompanied l>y ilev. J)r. Sti'achan, who ex- 
 p)'es.sed much pleasure in hearing- the Indians 
 read a,nd sij)<f. Keiis of rum wei'e sent, hut 
 were refused. No aivlent spirits have since 
 heen issued to ( Miristian In<lians. 
 
MKSsKNt.'KI.'s ()|- rilK < H l'l{( II KS. 
 
 4 
 
 Hririi^ ;itlvi.sc(l lo scttlt- nt tli<' Civdil i\\r\ 
 in.-idf some ;irrMiiot'iii('i»ts t'oi- doiii^ so tli<' next 
 s|)riii«>-. ( )n their return to ( ii-;m(l lliver I'ortv- 
 five were l){i|)ti/e(l. iii;ikini;' <*i total ol" one liuii- 
 • Ired inemlxTs. 
 
 Witli a party ol' live Indians IN'ter went west 
 to labor anion<r the Muneevs and ()id)was on 
 the Thames. 'I'hev wei<' met hv nianv ohiec- 
 tions - tlio (Jivat S])irit liad i;iven their people 
 this land and their own ways. 
 
 At I^ower Muncev the\' attended an Indian 
 ofi'erine- ol' the fruits of the t'arth, samples of all 
 they raised — potatoes, l)tvins, melons, etc.. with 
 twelve deer, which their women were pri'pai'ine-. 
 The strani,''(M"s wei'«' in\ ited to take seats with 
 others aroun<l tw(^ <jjreat tires. The Chief ex- 
 |)laine(l that their feast was to thank the (Jreat 
 Spirit for th(^ e-rowth of their corn. etc. This 
 was followed hv dancino- and music all inu'lit. 
 Fn the moriuno' tlie uieat and sou]) were dis- 
 tributed. Some of their feasts lasted several 
 days. 
 
 On Sunday Jones held a, service witli them, 
 then left for Confei'ence at Kiftv Mile Creek, 
 wliere Thomas Davis, the Mohawk ( Miief. maile 
 a speech. At N'ork KIder Case and Jones had 
 an ititej'view with the ( io\ernor, who (Mni-aii'ed 
 to have twenty houses and a school built for 
 them at the ( 're(b't. 
 
 Jannai-y 'Hst. I.S20. at the lecpiest of Elder 
 
 y 
 y 
 
 nr 
 
 u. 
 
ni, 
 
 K'k, 
 lule 
 i.'i'l 
 
 I'or 
 
 (ler 
 
 
 ;i^! 
 
 i 
 
 
 ■is 
 
 I 
 
 .1! 
 
 M 
 
iWi 
 
 BBBi 
 
 7(1 
 
 Mi:ssKN(ii:i{s OK iMi: rnriMiiKs. 
 
 ( \-iS(\ .loiK's set out for the W.iy of (^hiintc, liold- 
 in^' several lueetinj's on i]\v w.'iv. At l^ellovillo 
 lie met an Indian lad, Peter Jacohs. anxious to 
 heai' altout the I hristian reli<ri()n. I^lder C'aso 
 and Mr. Smith were holding- a <^)u;irtoi'ly JMoet- 
 inj>\ Durinii' a lour hours' service Satui'da\' 
 niiiht manv were (^onvertetl. On Suiuhiv the 
 atteuilance was lai'n'e Jind the peoj)le listened 
 eagerly to the converteil Indian. With Mr. 
 Smith he rodi' on to Kingston, found some 
 ()jil»wa eam])s. and told them of Christianity 
 and their schools. They also visited the Mo- 
 hawk \illan-e. 
 
 lleturniuLr to IJelleville thev found many 
 Ini'ians had come thirt\' or foi"tv miles to see 
 Pet( r dones. Amoni; them was 
 
 .KtUX srxDAV 
 
 and his brother Moses. Some of the ])oys heinu;; 
 williniL;' to attend school. Jones procured a 
 " jumjH'r" and took them with liim to the 
 (Irand Kiver. where he arrived in tlie end of 
 Ftdiruarv. 
 
 At the invitation of IJev. Geor^'e Ryersou he 
 spent a. few we ks with him studying- Knoiish 
 ii'rammar. In Ai)ril manv were at the Ciedit 
 clearine- their lots and lioldino; jovful nieetin<x.s. 
 Kldei* Madden and Ki>erton Ryersou visited 
 them, i^reached, and baptized several. In the 
 iiats they put up a bark chapel and began a 
 
INDIAN MISSIONAIUKS. 
 
 / I 
 
 -I 
 
 '■''^M 
 
 Sundiiy School. A <lay scliool mI-o was hci^un 
 with about tliirty (;hil(h*(!ii. That Near I'lifcitoii 
 Hyerson was a])j)oint«'<l missionary to the ( 'icfjit, 
 \\v hiiiun: thoiijilit tlic I'li-lit man t<» take (he 
 liuliaiis in liand, iraiii their laiiL^UM^jc, and pio- 
 mote thoir i^oiicral weliai'c 
 
 vVi'tor 1 lis li 1st Sunday he tallcil the Indians 
 toji'etlier to sec about building- a chapel. 
 
 Witli wonderful readiness thev sul).scril>e<l 
 about one liundred dollars and with assistance 
 tVoni v\diite friends, were able to complet*^ their 
 humble sanctuary in six weeks and see it opened 
 Tor worship. " What a contrast ! A shoi't time 
 a-^othey would sell the last thin^^ they had for 
 whiskey ; now they (>cononn*ze to sa\ «' .souiethine 
 to build a tem[)le for the true God." 
 
 '' Xomnhci' 'f'flh. — W<' o])ene<l oui* Indian 
 chapel by holdint^' a love-feast and ceiebratitie- the 
 Lord's Sup])er. The Indians with much solem- 
 nity and t"eelin<4" <leclai-ed what God had done foi- 
 them. Rev. Wm. Gas(; addressed them. At the 
 close eii;ht were baptized." " My home was 
 UKJstly at John dones', brol her of Peter doiies. 
 sometimes at Wm. Herkimer's, a noble Imlian 
 convert, with a noble little wife." 
 
 '' Fchraarij J/th, JSJ7. — To-day J pi-eachcd 
 to the Indians. Peter Jacobs, an intelli;j;ent 
 youth of (iighteen, interpret(;d and afL'i'wai-ds 
 spake with all the sim])licity and ekxpience of 
 nature. ' 
 
 
 i 
 
!T 
 
 ■"9 
 
 7.S 
 
 MESSENUEHS OF THE CHri{< IIES. 
 
 " Fchrimr// Wth. —A bless*'*! (|uart(.'rly iiu'cl- 
 '\\\^. Elder Case proaclietl. The sinoiiio- whs 
 • leliirhtl'ul. At the close m collection of S2(l.7.') 
 was taken up, principally troin the Indians! 
 Peter Jacobs was one ol' the speakers." 
 
 " Mil roll <s7//. - Rev. \V, Rverson writes : • I vis- 
 
 .l()IINM()NK^>'S HOUSE AT THE IHVEK CUEDIT 
 
 ited Eiierton's mission at the Credit last week. 
 Never saw such order and attention to study 
 in any school before. Their progress in spelling, 
 reading and writing is astonishing^, especially 
 in writing, which certainly exceeds anything I 
 ever saw. T found Egerton half a mile from 
 till' \i]l;iu;<', sti'ipped [(> shirt .Mild pnntnloons, 
 
INDIAN MISSIONAI'.IKS 
 
 7!» 
 
 y 
 
 '^■' 
 
 tiy 
 I 
 
 )in 
 
 IS, 
 
 ('h.'ariiiu land with lM't\ve»'ii twtlvi.' and t\\«'Mt\ 
 littlo Indian Ixjys, cli()j»))in;; and luntiin;;' i)ru.sli. 
 
 ■' Aj)ri/ I'tfh. — Julni and Peter Jones svvxw U\ 
 tliii'st al'tci" lioliness and aiT <^ro\vini>' in iiracr. ' 
 
 • A/H'il /Sf/t. — An In<lian, without my know- 
 lcde(', has watcriid, led and taken care ol' my 
 lior.se, Havinii' he lived closer to the stahle than I 
 did. Vestcrdax' I <»ot out of ha\' and could not 
 net an \'. \\ lien I eanie to the stable 1 found 
 urass in the nian<r«'>" ^ the Indian was there and 
 had iust led Jiiiu. I said I was ver\' <>lad, toi" he 
 must be \ei-\' huni-rv. ' No, lie not \ crN hunLLrN'. 
 I took him down where i^-i-ass rrrow and let him 
 eat plenty." <> (Joil, thou^^ht J, do such prin- 
 ciples dwell in the people whom the white man 
 despises ' 
 
 ' A/>ri/ /^^///.--We assend)led in the chapel to 
 examine intc; the cases of sexcral who had acti^l 
 disordei'lv. A wise address was eiven })y ('hief 
 Joseph Sawyer. I rein-oved with considerable 
 
 severity. I'eter Jones explaine(l all. l>roth(;r 
 William H(!rkMU(;r, with a pathos that affected 
 us all, said, ' Brothiirs, the white man can't 
 pour it down youi' throat, if you will not drink. 
 When white man ask nu; to drink, I tell him, 1 
 
 am a Christian ; 1 I 
 
 J. 
 
 esus : 
 ashamed.' He cone 
 )i\ ' Jesus ! 
 faithful an 
 
 1 he <:: 
 
 iro rio' 
 
 ht 
 
 luded with 
 
 let 
 
 us 
 
 away and look 
 most pathetic pr 
 weak creatures 
 
 loii^- MS \\-e Ii\<'." T s]v>ke a \'<w \\«»r<ls ;ind 
 
 serve 
 
 The 
 
 poor 
 e as 
 
 
 
 
 .* 
 
 ^.i 
 
 i h 
 
 
BSS 
 
 80 
 
 MKSSK\(iF:i{S OK TIIK «lini{CMKS. 
 
 I'ctrr Jones closed witli an MHt'('(in<;* nxlmria- 
 tion .mihI prnyci".' 
 
 Tliese lew exlracls i;lve us a glimpse ol' tile 
 oarly \\«»jI\ at tlie ('i«'ilit an<i ol" some ol' tlie 
 voinii:' ('oii\«Mts, .lones. .laeoits and Herkimer, 
 umler t raininn' i'or m'eat useluliu'ss. 
 
 I'lhler ('aso took Peter -lones with liim to i'»av 
 (>hiiute Ahout lilt v Indians came many miles 
 in caiKH^s to a (v>iiarte]'lv Meet iiiL*' held hv Kcv. .1. 
 lUack. Peter spoke U) tlu' Indians. At this 
 mcotinj; 
 
 .IOHN SUNDAY WAS < OX VKUTKD, 
 
 and twtMitv-two baptized. Alter \isitin<r Ilice 
 Lake. Jones retinMie*! to the d'etjit and ^av<^ his 
 ])tMip]t> an account ol' his travels. lie visited a 
 dvin<2- Indian and buried him - the tirst Chrisi ian 
 burial at the CrtMlit. In camp mcctin;j^s on 
 Voni;-e Street and at (Jrand River he s])e)ke to 
 n\anv Indians. From his lather he received an 
 (Micoura^ini;* lett(M* and the present of a horse. 
 " 11' von tind he does not suit, you can chancre him 
 lor antUher : but always tell youi- reasons.'' 
 
 With John Sunday and Moses he set ot!" to 
 \ isit Indians at Newmarket: then to Twelve 
 Mile Creek, where he and his father attended a 
 eamp meetiuLi', with the ])eo]>le ol' several tribes. 
 
 Aii</i(sf 4 til. — Col. (Jivens desired him to brin^- 
 the i^hiel's to meet the Governor. Ho warned 
 them not to attend MetluHlist cam]) meetin<jjs, or 
 
 1 
 
INDIAN MiSSroNAniKS. 
 
 SI 
 
 'to 
 
 I 
 
 Ive 
 
 
 I a 
 
 
 
 - -'rl 
 
 lod 
 
 
 . or 
 
 
 lie WduM c'lNi tlif'in ofV M smprisc ibcy .*i;^nT»'(l 
 to think alKHit. 
 
 In .lamiury, on lii.s way to iJicc Lakr, IN'tci- 
 I'cll in wit h H('\ rr.'il c.'inipH. In ( 'avan tliry Itiijlt 
 a cli.'iprl, ('Irarin;^" away tlic snow an<l making 
 M ciiciilar cinltankiiK'nt : tlicn willi poles, liaik 
 ami Itou^hs, coniplct^'d iln' stincturc, icady I'oi' 
 scrvicr in t,lir aJ'lcrnoon. V\\r lniHy days lie 
 lal)or<'<l ; then j»ai't in;^, N'Tt, tlmin w*'(j>in<^. 
 Sixtylivc wcirc hapti/cMl hy I'ildcr ( 'asc. 
 
 < 'ol. (Ii\rns visit;('(l tlifni and oircrcd to l)uild 
 houses at ni('(; Lake, if tluy woidd settle ami Ix;- 
 conie jaiiners. ' liey a;^ree(| to do ho. At I'oi't 
 Hope there was so niu(!li driid\in;^ no ineetin;^s 
 coidd he jield. Some men iToini:' to tra<l<' with 
 the Indians at Scul^oi/ Lake took two hai'rels of 
 
 ■)->>-> 
 
 w 
 
 hiskey; hut l)eror(' the Imlians would tiade 
 they demanded the whiskery, eut a hole in the 
 i<'e an<l sank it with stones. At'tci* a lew days' 
 teaching at Kiee Lake, Pet-r wen' on to Helhjxille, 
 and with some Kini,rston Indians t(j their settle- 
 ment on (iratH^ Islaiul. 
 
 Th 
 
 r« 
 
 V 
 
 ii ti 
 
 ley tound tli<; nnssionary 
 
 huild 
 
 niL*" a housf 
 
 an 
 
 <1 turned in to hel|). Aft(!i' sevei'al < lays' sei-- 
 vice twenty were baptized aiul the Loi'd's Sup- 
 per administere<l to about ninety by Klder Case. 
 Many attended a Quarterly ij^leetin;^ in Cohourn; 
 ami went hom(; much insti'ueted. On Spooko 
 Island IVter taught his people to cleai* and culti- 
 vate their land, securing seed and teams i'or them, 
 
82 
 
 mi;ssi;n(;i;i{.s oi- im, cmiMiiKs 
 
 Mn<i hoMiii^ MUMMiiiL^s r»tr cii^lH <l;iys. Al IN»rl. 
 Hope !u' lufl ;ilt()ul ;i lMm<Ii-t'<I Mini I.jike liidiMns. 
 pr.iyiuL;, jx'uplf \\li(» liad rcnouiicc*! (ire wjilcrs. 
 'They iiindc m coliccl ion ol' Sl.OO Tp ^.■nL;l' 
 Str((>( li(> Ml t rndt'd .M (';mi|) iiircl iii^ \\ i( It Jiiaiiyof 
 liis p('(>|)I(\ ;il)()nl sixty rroiii Simcoc The \\r\ . 
 .lohn r)t>;ity ;iml ol h(>r mmislri's jissisl (m|. Altoul 
 tliirly-si\ \V(M-(« l).'i|)( i/(Ml. At Ncwiiinrkcl llx-y 
 luiill ;i li(>us(> lor scliool or cliMpt'l. ;iii<l lirM ,srr 
 \ \cc in il \\\o sccontl cvrninL;'. ' ( )nr lionicU 
 t'lin|i«'l .MpjicMivMl to \\\r none oilier tli.-in llic 
 h(>iis(> ol" (5(»(1 Mn<l llif !4;ilr oi' licaAcn. Man\ 
 lr(Mnl>ltMl an 1 wcj)! Aluuit i'oi-ly professed 
 
 i"on\ (M sion. A school was Ix'mun l)y Mr. Law. 
 ( >n a \isit to LaUeSinicoe willi M^ci'lon l^ycrson 
 he lound eood progress. ( >n liis way lo (Iraiid 
 Hivor lu' saw liis ratluM". heard h'e\. J. Mi'ssiuore, 
 \isitt^d tiie Sail Spnni;' Indians, held se\-ei'al 
 nieolini;s, and I'oimd eneouraL;in<4' proercss al. 
 Mohawk villa^(\ 
 
 Kroni tho ( 'n>dit he was aeain oll'lo \\;\\ ol" 
 (^hiintc. Afoni}); ny ol' Indians made a colleetion 
 oi' S<).00 I'or him. Al \\'\cc Lake, in (he ahscnee 
 ol' tho tcacduM', he (au^'ht I'or some days ami held 
 scrviot^ in the e\ (Miini:;s. in the Sunday School 
 \\o h:\d ahiHit >ixty scholars and i^ood s(M"vices 
 all day. .\i (irape Islanil the Lidians liad huill 
 oii^ht houses, th'' white pe(>]>le suhscrihin;^" I'or 
 1 tricks, eiass and r.ails. Sunday a sunrise praA-ei- 
 me»Min:j' was held, preaohine" al eleven, cla-s 
 
INDIAN MISSIONAIJIKS 
 
 srt 
 
 »rt' 
 
 Till 
 
 at, 
 
 oi 
 
 mil 
 
 'ucr 
 
 h»M(i 
 
 hool 
 
 jU't'S 
 
 |)ililt 
 livor 
 
 nirrliiii'' .'i( llirrc, .liiliii Suinl)i\' assist inn-, aii<i 
 l»ra\rr iiircl iii<>- in llir r\»«iiiii<' /Viiinii*'" several 
 aw alxfiird was a iJoiiiaii t'atliolic vviinad, wlin 
 i(tsr up IVoiii |ira,\<'! ir|(ii('in^-. Slic llifii Idl tn 
 till' lloor and lay t"<ii- alioiit six lioniv WImii she 
 cainc to, she i,<)M (>l Imt pc-icr ainl }'>y- Tlif 
 \U'\. S. W'aMrnn aii<l KMcr ( 'asc liciiiff on a. visit, 
 lollir islands, llir Indians sliowcfl jjicin wliat 
 t ii('\' had ln'cn mak ins^" — 'js , scoop si ion els, I 72 a \»' 
 liandlcs, '}7 ladles. 4 ti'ays, I I- liiooni liandjrs and 
 41 .') hrooMis a woiMJcrlul ••xliiliit of native 
 indnsl-ry. 
 
 At t!ie love least on Sniidayone said, " I lia,ve 
 over('()iMe, hy the indpof .iesiis, my woi'st.. eiKMiiy, 
 whiskey ; also lyiii>j;", had words and hatred. I 
 lo\ e all my l»rot,he»-s and sisleis, and ho|»e we 
 shall set^ each otJiei' ill oiir (Ireat, Father's house 
 
 a i)o\e 
 
 The memhers had increased to 172, in six 
 lasses. A depiitalion was anitoiiited to s<,m' tlie 
 
 I'P 
 
 '1 
 
 1^S 
 
 (Joxei'iior »'eoar<liM;4' a |)iece ol' land I'or wood 
 and past'ii.'. 
 
 Kider ( \ise distrihiited r(!wai'ds Tor theii- skil- 
 ful ialxM'. John Moses and his dauiihter .lane. 
 lii'st IViiits ol the mission, !iad died. 
 
 A ('ouncil oi" ('hicl's met, in \'oi'k, .January 
 .')()th, for consultation with t he ( JoveiMioi re;^r;ipd- 
 inj^' their lands, tlohii Sunday was the first 
 speaker. He explaiuod the ec^nditioii, ))urposes 
 ■ ind rei|nirements ol" the ('hi'istian IndiMris and 
 
 •I 
 
 i 
 
 4 
 
SI. 
 
 MK,ssFA'(n:ws iw iiiK riirHcurs 
 
 \\:is I'ollnw (m1 Ity njlirrs. 'IMic Miiswrr WMs do- 
 iVnoi uiiiil (h«> ucxi d.'iy. \\ lien llicy wrrr 
 iiironnrd \)\ Or. S( r.-icliMi). tlu> AIIoimm'v ( It'iHMJil, 
 ii rMi\\' ('.'iUK' iind(M- <li(' (\'ii'(> ollhc ( 'Imrch ol 
 Mn^lMMtl, tlir ( u)\ cnniKMJi would h»d|) ( linn. Ilr 
 .mIsc: n(l'(>r»'d nitlucciHiMits lo IN'lrr .Iojh-s .Miid l»is 
 hrolluM' 1<» assisi in (liis ])r(t|cct. 'I'liis I'cply was 
 rnnsidciUMl in ('oui'icil A I'icr Inni;' silence John 
 Sunday rose and said ' \\ (* have het'elolore 
 niad(> (Hit (o li\(>. e\en when we were siniKMs. 
 an^l shall nt)t ihe ^li-t>a< Sj)iii( "ivhoni we now 
 serve takt^ eai'c^ ol' us ;' *" ( 'oinnriK in^ <he mallei- 
 (o (umI in 'i>ia\(M' ihi^v d(>elined n»akin«r anv 
 (dian^t\ I\MtM' aeeonipanitMl l\ld(M' Caso (o Nc^w- 
 niarkiM for (^hiaiteily Meetiui;', wliere thirty 
 Indians wei'(» l);;]iti/«M| and lilty partook ol" (he 
 LiU'ds Supper. S(>nie who hatl two wiv»\s were 
 retpiired to put away (he second. 
 
 At tlu^ ('rcMlit ]\>(cM' inttM'preted I'or K(>v. .). 
 I\ichardsc>n and also pi-*>ache(l to his ])eopl(v 
 lie visited Tee^N' Hall, the old<>st Wi)U»an in the 
 n-ih(\ w ho was \ (>ry ill. Init thankful that she 
 had been spared \o sei* so ntany sci'n in^' the 
 (h'eat Spirit. Kldor t'ase attiMidcd the (.^)uai'- 
 terlv !\lotnine\ hai>ti/(Ml six chikh'en and (Mirht 
 adults, se^uie i'vo\\\ \\\o 'Phanu's and others from 
 Lake SinuHM'. A collection iA' SI 7.00 was taken 
 up so willine- wen^ th(> peor Indians to oast in 
 their mill's. 
 
 IV^ttM' htean translatiui: hvnnis an<l iht 
 
 ?wf^ 
 
 tUi 
 
 Jt 
 
INDIAN MISSION A Kills. 
 
 8ri 
 
 i 
 
 >1( 
 
 a 
 
 w 
 
 •(»m 
 in 
 
 A j)(isM('H ( 'i'(mm|. With R('\s. ( 'asc, IMcliMidHnii, 
 Will. Ilyi'i'soii ;iri«i mIkmiI. (wcnly cliildiTii lir vis- 
 ited I lie I lolisr dl" Ass('|||l>l y. 
 
 Tilt' S|M';iU("i .'iixl oMmts expressed (rroif ple.i- 
 
 snre ill liefiriiiL: Hie selidnrs .-ind si-eiii- 
 
 I 
 
 leir 
 
 work. L;idy M.'iill;ind 'ii\ited I lie .seliohirs h» 
 ( loNeinnielll ll(»lise;i||i| liuiile llieiii j )re.s< lit s ol' 
 lnxiUs, ll.lllliel, etc At, t, lie (■re(|il Tet ef .I;h'< (l>s 
 and .Insenli SaAV\'er were lie<iii tiiii"- to exJioit. 
 l""el)niary "Jlitli, I S'JS, the. ( loveriKir, < '(»l (Ji\eiis 
 
 aiw 
 
 1 oil 
 
 ler e-etlt leiiieii, 
 
 \\ 
 
 itli i\ 
 
 leir 
 
 lad 
 
 les, \isi 
 
 ted 
 
 the mission. 'Wiey were received hy Mie Indians 
 lirine- a. salute. The .schools where visited and 
 rewards pi-esentetl liy the ladies. 
 
 IV'tfT .lones with others, visitin;^ ( Jrarid Itivf^i- 
 and the 'riiaiiies, nn t Caleh, ("liieroF the SaiThle 
 Indians, and some ol" his trihe {.o whom t.lM'\' e\ 
 plained the (Miristian reli;^ioii. At Munceytown 
 I hey found some ol' the Muiicey and ('hipj)ewa 
 ( 'niels williii;^' to hear; hut at- liower Muricoy 
 the IndiaiiH wei-e too diurd\. They also I'ell in 
 with some Moi-avian missiouai'ies. The ('hip- 
 ix'was wore V(>r'v loath to chariire their I'liliii^on, 
 learine- (hc' wfatli of the (Jreat Spii'it. 'i'lie e\- 
 anij>le of some white people, drinUin;^ and fio^ht- 
 in<4', did iK)t ludp thcMu. In a wi;;W'am, al'tci" a 
 feast of corn soup, an old Indian thanked the 
 Mune(l() Spirit for life and food, and asked his 
 hiessino- on thi^ family who made the s(>u|). 
 Another ('hief said tlie'y W(;rt! so wicked and 
 
 ! n 
 
 1! 
 
 t 
 
 i'" 
 4 
 
 
 i 
 
S«i 
 
 messi;n(;ern of tjie (;H('KL'iiEs. 
 
 drunken thoy could not become oood ; but Jon«'s 
 encouraged tlieiu, telliug liow the (Jrent Spirit 
 had ehanned and helped others. 
 
 At Sandwich they found Wyandotts and 
 Hurons, many of whom were ivoman (/atholics, 
 but about twenty Methodists. Crossing to De- 
 troit Jones preached in the court-house. 
 
 Returninii' to the Thames he met Rev, K. 
 Stoney who liad preached at Davisville in 1823. 
 when the work began among the Mohawks, and 
 whom Jones regarded as his spiritual father. 
 He attended a Moravian love-feast, where the\' 
 distributed dumplings made of Indian meal and 
 beans, with cups of cottee, find was ask(Ml to giv(! 
 an address. 
 
 The Munceys, thi'ough their Chief, Old Snakr-. 
 said they were not willing to chang(^ theii" re- 
 ligion. At the (.Quarterly Meeting, Salt Springs, 
 Rev. John Hyerson preached to the Mohawks 
 and Oneidas. 
 
 At the Credit two of tlie sisters had died dur- 
 ing IV'ter's absence, and he spoke of tlieir happy 
 deaths. A meeting was held for the improve- 
 ment of the village, laying out roads, lots, etc. 
 
 At Scuii'Oii' Lake he met a hundred Indians, 
 and heard good accounts of their faithfulness. 
 He held services, tauglit them tlu' Lord's Prayer 
 and the Ten Commandnn tits. V\ ith oiateful 
 hearts they contributed $17.00. 
 
 ^ndians have no reserves of 
 
 
 n i-i 
 
 J 
 
INDIAN MISSION Alii KS. 
 
 87 
 
 ir- 
 
 py 
 
 ,nH, 
 
 'SS. 
 
 of 
 
 4 
 
 lamls, and liave to pray to tlmir Great Katliui-, 
 tlie Kino-, for a [)lace to lay their l)uiies in ! '" 
 
 Thirtv-eiolit, after careful in(|uirv, were ad- 
 iiiitted into socittv — two of them, a man and 
 his wife, probably over a hundred years of age, 
 and the man bald-headed, the first he had seen. 
 They were l)aptixed Adam and Kve, and praised 
 the Lor<l that their children and grandchildren 
 were worshi]»ping the Great Fatlier in heaven. 
 Jones corrected many false notions, warned 
 th<Mn against trusting to dreams, or refusing 
 meat for food : advised them to cultivate the 
 land, and ai'ranged for a supply of axes, lioes 
 and seed: also for a female teacher, to teach 
 sewiiifj, knittini"'. etc. 
 
 On reachinij Rice Lake?, he found a trader in 
 a rage l)ecause he could n(jt cheat the poor 
 people as when the}'' drank his tire-water. Some 
 Indians from the Credit assisted Jones in the 
 services. In the serene and beautiful evening 
 he hcaiNJ the Indians in their devotions, siiigini!' 
 praises and })ouring forth their su])plications. 
 'Surely the wilderness liuds antl blossoms as 
 the rose." 
 
 At Grape Island he found the missionary. 
 Mr Waldron, and his wife, with thirtv-tive chil- 
 'liTii iu the school, several al)le to read and wi-ite. 
 
 John Sundav i'eturne<l with Klder Case from 
 his tour in the Tnited States, and as they told 
 of all they had seen, "the power of the Mc) t 
 
 1 
 Si 
 
 
■«*ipWi 
 
 !.?'"'r ■■■»-tw^^ 
 
 88 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Hioh desceii'lc'tl in a wonderful manner: we 
 were indeed in the liouse of (Jod and at the gate 
 of lienven/' In tlie Sunday Scliool were about 
 ' fortv little hind)s of the forest hunn-eriny; for 
 instruction." For some days and nio;hts joyful 
 nieetiniL;y were heM, the Misses Barnes and 
 Hubbard assis ini;-. Over a hundred baskets of 
 all shapes and colors, with other beautiful speci- 
 mens of work, were shown. After Hn'ancjin<( 
 their lots and giving less ns on planting, as the 
 missionaiies were about to leave, John Sunday 
 gave a farewell speech. 
 
 At Rice Lake, after a love-feast, Elder Case 
 administered the sacrament t • about eighty-tive. 
 They also began pre})arations for Miss Barnes' 
 school. In Reach, by the lake, camps of Indians 
 were found, services held, and twenty-four bap- 
 tized. 
 
 To the Credit they brought a pleasing report 
 of their eastern tour. In their love-feast a 
 Chief from Simcoe told of thtir good work. 
 Seven were baptized and 140 partook of the 
 communion. During' the week all were deliuhted 
 to see the gardens and fields of grain, about 
 forty acres, well cultivated. 
 
 Peter .Jones was preparing a Chippewa spell- 
 ing book. After another Sabbath they started 
 for the camji meeting, Yonge Street, and found 
 in a tent, 240 x lo feet, two or three hundred 
 Indians from different regions, divided in fami- 
 
 ?fej 
 
INDIAN MISSIONARIES. 
 
 89 
 
 i 
 
 lies. Revs. Case, Richardson, McMullcn and E. 
 Ryerson preached: Peter Jacobs, dolm Carroll 
 Messrs. Vaux and Patrick exhorted ' A })o\v- 
 erl'ul time. I bless the Lord ior what niy eyes 
 see and what my ears iicai" (jf the wondcrlul 
 works of God, evoi auion^ the S'lis of the wil- 
 derness." After three days' services, 12 pi'each- 
 ers, 'M4 widtes and 97 Indians ])artook ol' tiie 
 Lonl's Supper. 
 
 At the Landincj Elder Case and Jones met 
 about 800 Indians. 1 hey found s(jme men with 
 more than one wife. Both men and women 
 consented to sepai'ation, not without many tears, 
 "because they loved Jesus, and would not break 
 His laws any more." One hundred and thirty- 
 two were baptized. " The presence of the Lord 
 was in our midst, and His power rested on the 
 people. May the Lorvi bless and preserve these 
 new lambs now trathere<l into His fold from the 
 howlino* wilderness." 
 
 A young Indian wishe(l to Ije married: but 
 when arranoements were made and the minister 
 ready to proceed with the ceremony, otheis put 
 in a claim for the object of liis clioice. Tht> 
 controversy was (piickly settled by the youne- 
 lady herself sayin^- no one had askt^l her, and 
 she intended going to school. 
 
 To the Simcoe Indians missionaries and teach- 
 ers were sent. Peter Jones arranefi'd for the 
 printing of his spelling book : s])ent Sunday 
 
 f •;..'' 
 
 f 
 
 y : 
 t 
 
 i* 
 
 til 
 
1*^11 
 
 !M) 
 
 mi;ssi;n(;ki{s (»|- ihk ciiriK iii:s. 
 
 witii I'ctt'i' Jacobs at tin? Cre<lit, thru oti" on liis 
 rounds aiiioni;' the Rice Lake, Grape Islaiul .iinl 
 Kingston caiiijjs. H<.' liad assistance IVoiii h*e\ . 
 \\. liyersoii, .John Sunday and Miss Barnes. At 
 liice Laixe Mr. IJii^-i^ar was teacliiu'' the hoys, 
 and Miss Barnes and Miss Ash the <;irls. On 
 Sunday the Bcxs. '\\ Madden and E. Adams 
 |)reach(Hl : I'etev .lones exhorted. During the 
 week a l)an<l ol" Sinicoe huhans arrived witli 
 their ( Miiel', and main' were converted. P»!te]' 
 Conover, v.ho liad willed halt* of his property to 
 trusttics for the mission, was dviiiii". The Ao'ent 
 canio with tlie annual payuients. Jones and 
 Jacobs spent a Sunday in York, takintj^ part in 
 the services. On ^'onol■e Street Jones assisted in 
 the distiMbution t)f the annual ])resents to 515 
 Indians, three-fourths of whom were Christians. 
 About 100 scholars were in the schools. In 
 addition to the presents, the payments amounttsd 
 to £1,200. Some had come from the nortli 
 shore of Lake Huron, openinjj;' the way to the 
 regions Ijeyond. " I sec oidy one dithculty 
 in the way of the (jlospel taking the wings of 
 the morning and Hyiug to the Pacific Ocean, 
 making the wilderness vocal with the high 
 praises of Ood, and that is the opposition of the 
 Roman Catholics" Only two cases of drunken- 
 ness were observed — a wonderful reformation! 
 Returning to the Credit, he found the wife of 
 IVter Jacobs very ill, and slu' lived (mly a few 
 
INDIAN MISSION AUIKs. 
 
 !♦ 
 
 r\l 
 10 
 11- 
 
 u! 
 of 
 
 i 
 
 • lays. "^lic was one ')f the first coiixcrfs Iniii- 
 \ cai's Ix'forc. and liail jtroNftl laitlil'iil. I'lMi r 
 ('use ])lanttMl a j)in<' at the head <»!" \\vv ijiaxc. 
 A lovc-loast was lirM. and a liiindrcd ])ai-t(Mtk 
 of tlu3 sjicraimiit . .loscjili Sawyci' and .lolin 
 •loiica were niad<' rxlioi'tcis tli<' lii'st altci- ]\'trr. 
 
 Moliawk. C'TtMlit and oLIk')' tiilx's oatlirrtd t'oi- 
 camp nirt'tin^' at Kast Flanil^oro". ' 'I'lic power 
 of the Lord was inanilV'^t.' PcttT Jones, his 
 hrotlicr Jolni, IN't«M* .lacohs and alxait. thirty of 
 tht'ir p('o])l(' h'l't lor Snakr Island. They found 
 KIdcr Case and others prt'])aiinLi' the camp 
 u,i'oun<ls. Alioul llircc hundred Indians, wlio, a 
 vhoi't time btd'orc, were chantinir wai'-soims and 
 otlerini;' petitions to dumh idols. asseml)le(h 
 clothed aii<l in tlieii" ri^hl minds, to worshi)* the 
 1 1 ue (jJod. 
 
 .Iol)n Sunday, <tne of the tirst s))eakers, was 
 ha])py to meet liis Indian lu'othei's and sistei's in 
 this wilderness to worship the (Jieat Spiiit, and 
 brought sanitations from (Jrape Island, wheic a 
 day had heen spent in ])rayer for this meeiinjj,". 
 1 1'' thought ('hristians should Ix as wise as a 
 red sipiirrel, that looks ahead and ])ro\ides for 
 winter. 
 
 I'etei" Jacolis, KIder Case, John iSe.'U y and 
 othei's foll()we(|. Sundax' mornini'- openeil with 
 early prayer meetings. At 1> oclock an address 
 was o-iven by Chief Sawyer. 
 
 John Sunday told how he waudere(l aniont^ 
 
 
 
 4, 
 
 i 
 
 
 'i 
 
 m 
 
 : m 
 
■?"P 
 
 92 
 
 MES8ENUEKS «»F THE CHURCHES. 
 
 I ,;;: 't 
 
 tlie wliite ])eople, learned their vices and became 
 very wickecl — "one of the most miserable crea- 
 tures on earth." The death of one of his chil- 
 dn'ii made him think of a Beiiii- <;reater than 
 man. When he heard the missionaries preach 
 .lesus Christ, he believed and found peace. "The 
 missionarit.'s are like sun-olasses, which scatter 
 li^lit and heat wherever they are held." The 
 meetin;^' resulted in the conversion of many — 
 thirty-nine beino- baptizetl — and was closed with 
 the Lord's Supper. Then the farewells were 
 spoken. " We all knelt down by the shore, 
 commended each other to God, and left our In- 
 dian brethren bathed in tears." 
 
 W^ith Elder Case and Rev. J. Beaty, Jones 
 rode to Richmond Hill and thence wended his 
 way to Rice Lake. The mission was moved 
 from the mainland to Spooke Lsland, where all 
 were happ}^ and content in their bark wiovvams. 
 
 Peter .lones went with some of the Indians to 
 IJelleville to receive their presents. The Agent 
 and liritish otiicers ex])res,se(l their gratification 
 on seeing such a change in the people. Teams 
 were hired to cimvey the goods to Rice Lake, 
 where a hap]>y day was spent in the distribu- 
 tion. Each man received two blankets, cloth foi' 
 a suit, two shirts, a gun, ammunition, and sev- 
 eral small articles. 
 
 John Sunday arrived from Lake Simcoe just 
 in time for the funerals of Peter James and Peter 
 
 n 
 
 
INDIAN MISSlONAIilKS. 
 
 USt 
 
 iter 
 
 Rico Lake. At the ( arrvini;- Phicf, .loiios ami 
 Sunday assisted Revs. .1, Black an*! (J. Sovereign 
 in the Sunday services, and went with tlicin 
 to Conference at Ernestown, (.)ct()l)i'r, IS2.S. 
 Bishop Heddino- mot about t'oity preachei-s. Tlic 
 teacliers from ( Jrape Ishnul, with some ol' their 
 scholars, were there, and many Indians wlio 
 tented near the chapel. 
 
 Peter Jones nave an account ol" their woik. 
 the children sanj"- some hynnis, and the In<iians 
 sliouted +'or joy. 
 
 Elder Case and Jones visit<Ml Ci-ayx' island 
 and found all busy — i)louii-hin('-, diiiti'inir pot a- 
 toes, etc. '' What a chani'-e ! A few months a^o 
 these same people were poor, drutd<en and lazy. " 
 
 As a class of efirls were readinij', one read : '" I 
 will pray the Father and he shall (^ivc you 
 another Comforter:"' then, burstiui:' into tears, 
 she said — ''Yes: for 1 now feel Him in my 
 heart." 
 
 They had raised about three hundred bushels 
 of potatoes and divided them amon^;' the fami- 
 lies. 
 
 After the evenini*" service dolin Sundav rt)si 
 and said: "Brother, we thank you for your visit 
 to us and for the instructions you have ^iven 
 us. Now, brother, depart in peace and our 
 prayers shall ^o with you. We shake liaiids 
 with our brotliers at the Kiver Credit. Oh. that 
 we mav all meet in the Father's house above : " 
 
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 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 as WEST MAIM STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 
 
 (71t>) 872-4503 
 
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 MKSSKXCiKKS OK TM K < Hi lUHKS. 
 
 Nt'Nl JiKU'iiiiii;-, wirli the trachcjs Mini scliol.'ii-s, 
 .loiics Id't to attend tlic inissioMJii'v incctinsj^ in 
 l'»('IIc\ illr. wlici-c tlicy '^''^\(' .Hldrcsscs ;\u*{ sann'. 
 .loliii I la;^ai', tni vcmi's old said : 
 ' M \' naiiic is .loliii : I Iimvc no home. 
 
 I liii\(' no i';ith('i'. 
 My niotlirr is dc-id. 
 ( )n«' d.iy in Kingston 
 I LLct vcrv Inniiii'v, 
 I liJiAc no hrcad : 
 
 I have no IVirn«l : 
 
 y\v blanket lorn. 
 I ir<'t into a liox 
 And Slav th'Tc all niiilil. 
 Tlun Mr. Arinstron«r find and t.ikr nic ont of 
 the l)o\ -ind sent nic Itv stranil)o.-it to York, to 
 tlir ('icdit sc-liool ; tljiTc [ learn to lead in tlie 
 NfW Trstniiicnt. I sonict inies r.-itlicr wild 1k)\', 
 hnt 1 lo\c iii\' hook ;ind Christian tVii'iids wlio 
 sent nie to school. 
 
 'I'hi' |M'(»])1.' were i;-re,itly pleased with samples 
 of t!>e i-ii-ls" sewing' and knittin<'\ 
 
 lleac'hinu" honje (Icrohei* lilst, he heard of the 
 death ol' theii* Chiel'. John C/ameron. In 1(S'24 he 
 had heen conN'erted at the (Jrand I^i\er: visited 
 the ( 'ledit . ])ersnadeil .sonn' of his ])eople to ^o 
 and heai' for themsel\<'s, and l»ecame a ustd'nl 
 lea<ier. He died thanking- the Lord that he had 
 li\('d to siM^ all his peo])le serxini^ the (Jrr'at 
 Spirii. Mr. .lones tried to translate hynnis, hut 
 found it \('r\- ditiicull on aeeount of the leno-th 
 of man\' Indian wor<ls. \W the IJihle So(•iet^■ 
 
 * • t 
 
 in ^'ol•k he was asked t) ti'anslate the (lospels. 
 ■■(hhilur /',!/,. Set a])arl this day to fastin^^- 
 
INhlAN MlSSlONAKiKS. 
 
 \y. 
 
 and pniVM^r, iniplorinrj tlirassistancool' Aliiiif,Hity 
 Ood on my translations, especially <»!' the Holy 
 Scriptures." 
 
 At tli«' re(|Uest ol" tlir A^^cnt In- took a Cfusus. 
 and rep()rte«i : Men, ii4 : women, 7+ : ciiildrcn, 
 SS— total, 220: houses, :^0 ; acres cultivated. <)1 ; 
 wheat, (55 bushels; oats, 22 ; Indian corn, 1,045; 
 onions, : beets and carrots, l(j; eabbai^^e, (570 ; 
 jnniipkins, ,30 cart loads; cows, 27; oxen. IS; 
 horses, 11 : hoi^s, 122; births, 17; marriaws. 2; 
 deaths, 10; baptisms, 40; church members, I.S2. 
 
 "1 felt truly thankful Tor (he happy chan«:je 
 anion;;;st the poor jteople. To (iod Ite all the 
 -Icn- ■ ■• 
 
 On Sunday I*eter Jacobs interpreteil I'nr Mr. 
 Kyerson, an<l Jones 
 
 held 
 
 a service m 
 
 (Jard 
 
 nei- s 
 
 school -house. 
 
 With his father he rod<' to Mohawk villan;e 
 and called on .Mrs. Ih-ant, widow of ('ai)tai 
 
 m 
 
 Josepli lirant. who <jjave them "an excellent cup 
 of tea : " also on the famous ( )neida ( 'hief, Josej)h, 
 
 wMo eni,mw(l to ma 
 
 1 t( 
 
 d<e 1 
 
 nm an 
 
 Jnd 
 
 ian costume 
 
 Ml'. J. Messmore was in charge of the mission. 
 and Mr. S. (Vawford of the .school. 
 
 " Dt'centftcr J'tlh. — This is Christmas da\-. Ma\- 
 
 • « 
 
 I ;:;ladl3' join the an<:;«'l host sineinn-, '(ilory to 
 ( Io(l in the hitjjhest ! ' " 
 
 After an early prayer meeting Jones preacheil 
 ■it I I o'clock, and Mr. Hverson at niiiht. " We 
 iind a .shout in (he camp. He w.is t ivinsl.itiiiL; 
 
96 
 
 -MESSENGEHS OF THE CHL'KCHES. 
 
 — jittended WMtcli-ni<:ht service — "thankful to 
 (ioil I'or all th(; iiicrcies oi* the vcar. ' 
 
 JdniKii'ji /sf, IS, "J. — A Council was hel«l and 
 Peter Jones nominated for Chief in place of 
 ( 'apt. John Cameron. 
 
 At (j>uart<'rly .Meeting- J oiu's and .facohs inter- 
 preted for licvs. C. and W. Ryerson. 
 
 On ]\rondav a('ouncil was held rei^ardin*^ a 
 saw-mill, workshop and hospital, all of which 
 they a;^ree<l to erect. Peter Jones stated the 
 conditions on which he would accept the otKce 
 of Chief, all of which were aceeptahle, and his 
 appointment was made l»y unanimous vote. 
 "O Loi'd, teach me and «aiide me hv Thy unerr- 
 '\\\<f wisdom, that my usefulness may hy this 
 step he ^^reatly increased." 
 
 At Scu<;()<;' he found many Jndians and heard 
 j^ond tidin<j[s. Thirty scholars were in the school, 
 and their trars flowed as he spoke to them of 
 the love of Jesus. He called at the home of the 
 
 () 
 
 1<1 
 
 couDle, I 
 
 Vdi 
 
 im an< 
 
 I K 
 
 ve 
 
 The old man was 
 
 ♦^•one. In the eleventh liour he had foun I peace 
 with God and entered the eternal rest. They 
 were building- a new school-house, twenty-two 
 
 feet 
 
 s(|uar 
 
 -1( 
 
 oirs Jiewn on 
 
 tl 
 
 le nisK 
 
 le i\ 
 
 oor o 
 
 f 
 
 split basswood, and roof of b{ 
 
 assw< 
 A hundred and tiftv Indians occupiei 
 
 1 trouol 
 
 IS. 
 
 nuie 
 
 bark 
 
 w 
 
 i(jjwams. AftiT ph'asant services and 
 
 hearty handshakin<^r li(> left tlu' next day for 
 tlie Credit. 
 
NDIAN MISSIONARIES. 
 
 97 
 
 |o 
 
 A petition IVoin the ('ouiieil was sent to the 
 Government refjanhnij their Hslieries. 
 
 Miss liarnes, from Hice Lake, assisted in the 
 services, Peter .lacohs interpreting for lier. Her 
 visit caused i^reac iov. 
 
 At HoUand Landinii' Junes found nianv In- 
 dians encamped ; also Thomas Maijee and John 
 Thomas, on tlieir way to the Hurons. His Ex- 
 cellency Sir John C'olborne paid them a visit 
 and heanl the children sinix. 
 
 At Rice Lake James Evans and ^liss Barnes 
 were doing ;^ood work. In the Sunday School 
 fifty-two were present, about twenty readincr. 
 
 The Indians set about buildin;*' a church 
 30 X 40, with the assistance of two carpenters. 
 Many I'efreshing meetings were held, several 
 Mohawks and Ojibwas were bapti/e<l, and the 
 Lord's Supper administered. An 
 
 EXCUHSIOX TO THK UXITED STATES 
 
 was arranged — Elder Case, Peter Jones, the 
 Misses Barnes and Hubbart, with some of the 
 scliolars, to go. After a farewell meeting, Feb- 
 ruary •24th, they crossed the St. Lawrence to St. 
 N'incent. In Watertown, Utica.Schenectudy.Troy 
 and Chatham they wen; welcomed by churches of 
 different names, and received liberal collections 
 They then divided into two bands and visited 
 many other places, meeting again in New York, 
 March HIth. Thev had some verv larfro nieet- 
 
 i 
 
 nu 
 
 m^ 
 
 ii 
 
 
!»^ 
 
 .mkssi:\(;eks or iiik <hi imhes 
 
 iiiLis. one ut' two tlumsaiid cliililrrii, jiikI ;'<)<mI 
 
 CO 
 
 llrct 
 
 ions. 
 
 riif L.'Klirs' Missioiiarv Soci«'t\ 
 
 L:a\ (' 
 
 S2(K>. 
 
 IN'tci' JoiK's was tiiiisliiiiM sonuj iraiislatijin." 
 
 U.)f 
 
 tl. 
 
 1 
 
 )1'<.'SS, 
 
 ami visited scvei'al institutioiir 
 
 Ik' was aiiia/cd at tin* jtowri- of a iiiici'oscope. 
 
 inakiMi;' a spwhT as larne as a itcar. 
 
 A/n-il liul. — He |-<'C<'iv«'(l pi-ooi-slieots ol" liis 
 Iiidian liyniii-lKjok : i\\o\\ t'ollowcci Kifler ( \*isc 
 and ]>arly to IMiiladclphia. At l>altiiiiorr tliey 
 had a ladirs" meotiiifj ot* ahout two tlionsand. 
 " I iK'Ncr saw wanner-hearted ladies ; ( }od hless 
 dn'in.' Many presents — hooUs. elothini;', etc. — 
 wer<- made lor the missions. 
 
 in IMiila<lel)»hia (hey attended I he ( 'oiiiorencr 
 missionai'v meelin«x and receiv<'d a (rood eollrc- 
 tioii. In Preslivtiii-ian and Ki)iscopal ehiireh 
 
 l«'S 
 
 they were enthnsiastically received. Ihey vis- 
 ited the spot where th«' ^ood William I'enn 
 mad(^ his treaty witli the Indians undei" a 
 spi'eadin^ elm, on the hanks of the Dehnvare. 
 " We met with very kind receptions from all 
 parties, especially the Chant family, hy whom 
 we have been entertained.' 
 
 Aboard the steamer I'or New N'ork they told 
 of their work and received a contribution of 
 .*524. The Youno Men's Bible Society, New 
 York, ottered to pay for the printing;' of St. 
 Mark's Gospel in Mohawk. 
 
 Several meetings were hrld in and rn-ar l>os- 
 
ISniAN MISSIONARIKS. 
 
 J»9 
 
 ton, where ifvent interest was nwinil'ostrd in tlie 
 Indian boys, esju'cially by the eccentric Lorenzo 
 J)()\v — "with Ion <^^ beard, a n«l chid in the i)hiinest 
 manner possible"' 
 
 In a Unitarian church a c(»Mection ol' S')!) was 
 o'iven. 'I'lie Dorcas Missionary Societv of New 
 
 1, 
 
 3i 
 
 
 
 
 
 WILLIAM I'KXN NL\KIN(i THKAT^' WITH THH INhlANS. 
 
 York undertook tlie education of John Suiuhiy, 
 Petei' Jacobs, and otlicr Indian youths. 
 
 At a meetin*; ol' the parent Missionary Soci«!ty 
 they gave addresses and show<?d their curiosities. 
 After this mectin*,^ Khhr ( 'ase and Miss Huldtard 
 w«')f' niarritMl }>v Dr, Hanu's. Th«'U.I)v S\racus«', 
 
 11' 
 
 BcMASIER UNIVtRSilllC LlBKAKl 
 
 fir 
 
100 
 
 MESSENGERS OF TTIE CHIJRCHES. 
 
 liocliester and Oswego tliL'y returned to Kinj^- 
 st(jn, vvliere they spent a Sabbatli, and reached 
 Grape Ishmd, May 21st. 
 
 Peter Jones, Jolm Sundt ^^ and William Beaver 
 conducted the services on Sunday. Tlu^y also 
 visited Spooke Island with William Ryerson, 
 Ephraim and James Evans. At the Credit about 
 75 acres were under cultivation, with prospect 
 of abundant vield. 
 
 At York Sir John Colborne ofiered to have 
 the Indian translations printed at the expense 
 of the (lovernment. ami to tyrant lands for 
 settlement. A Council was called at the Credit 
 to consider the Lieut.-Governor's prohibition of 
 their atUuiding Methodist camp meeting.s. After 
 much deliberation they unanimously decided : 
 " No earthly Kino- or Governor has a right to 
 dictate how or where we worship tlie Great 
 Spirit : and as the camp meetintrs had been a 
 fi^reat blessin^^ to their people, they would still 
 attend them. ' 
 
 When the Government officers came to dis- 
 tribute the annual presents at the Credit they ob- 
 jected to the new Chiefs, Jones arid Sawyer, and 
 desired that others be appointed. The Indians 
 met to consider the matter, but refused to make 
 any change. 
 
 In June there was a grand gathering for the 
 Yonge Street camp meeting. Peter Jones, John 
 Sunday and other Indians took part with Revs. 
 
IN 1)1 a:> M ISSION AKl KS. 
 
 101 
 
 Richardson, Slater, Ryan, etc. "The power of 
 the Spirit rested ui)on both whites and Indians." 
 
 At the close they formed a processio!i, inarched 
 around the grounds singin<^, shook hands and 
 went on their way rejoicin<^. 
 
 Copies of tlie new Ojibwa hymn-book were 
 distributed. His Excellency Sir John Coll)()rne 
 ifiivG Mr. Jones an order for the printin<j^ of 
 2,000 copies of the first seven chapters of St. 
 Matthew. He also consented to the permanent 
 tenure of the lands rec^uired by the Indians and 
 su^jjijested arrangements for teachers. 
 
 In the end of June, Jones, Sunday, Herkimer, 
 Sawyer and others, under the direction of Elder 
 Case, started on a mission to the Simcoe and 
 Huron In<lians. 
 
 Leaving Holland Landing they found many on 
 the islands successfully cultivating tluiir lands 
 and held refreshing meetings with them, espe- 
 cially witli Chief Assanc«* and his band of some 
 two hundred from Nottawasai^a Bav. " When 
 they returned to their wigwams, they began to 
 shout and sing the praises of the Lord. Blessed 
 be God for His great mercy to these children of 
 the forest." James Currie and David Sawyer 
 were left as their teachers. 
 
 At Penetanguishene the (treat Spirit touched 
 the hearts of many poor pagans. 
 
 Jul)/ 17th. — John Sunday with five others 
 started for the north shore of Lake Huron. 
 
 ill. 
 
 9i.i 
 
 
 It 
 
 II* 
 
 

 102 
 
 .MES.Si:N(iKU.s «»K THE <Hriu:nKs. 
 
 Peter Jones with ei<(lit of his men knelt upon 
 the shore, then hoisted sail for Owen Sound, 
 where tli«'y canipiMl and rested soundly. At thr 
 mouth of tlu* Sauj^een tlie^'^ met about twenty- 
 tiv<' ()jii)was with whom they l>eld services for 
 some days, receivin*:' jxifts of venison and a fat 
 l)ucl\. The deer were mij^ratin^" south. " Ahis 
 for these noble creatur«;s ! J^ike their old mas- 
 ters they are fast disapjx'arin^ before th<^ face of 
 the white man."' 
 
 Wliile the ])rayinL'* Indians shot morr than 
 they re(|uired, their pagan brethren could not 
 find any, and betran to think servility' the (Jreat 
 Spirit nuist be ])rotitable. 
 
 On their wa}' to St. Clair they fell in with 
 Chief Wawanosh and his braves, some of whom 
 were willing to hear but others were too drunken. 
 One of the Chiefs gave many reasons why they 
 could not forsake the ways of their fathers, and 
 was answered by Peter Jones. 
 
 By conversation and prayer many seemed con- 
 vinced of the truth of Christianity. 
 
 On the 7th of August they reached Muncey- 
 town, met the Chiefs and found the school doing- 
 well. 
 
 After two days' sojourn they proceeded to 
 Westminster, where KIder Case was holding a 
 Quarterly Meeting. A Council of Munceys and 
 ( 'hippewas was held to consider the old and new 
 ways of worshipping the Great Spirit. 
 
INDIAN MiNSloNAUIKS. 
 
 lo:i 
 
 At Aiicast*'!' lli«'\- foiiinl tlu- (j)iit'«'i*eiic«' in 
 session. A eainp-iiM'etin^ alst) was hcin^" liel<l 
 near llic spot wln-n' Petri- .loncs was converted 
 six years l»el'ore. ' IJttle did I think that I 
 shoulil ever see such a euni]).'«ny ol" ])i'ayini: 
 Indians upon this oroiind." 
 
 The t'oliowiiiir talile sliows the nuniher ol' 
 members, schools and scholars in rp|»er Canada, 
 iS2!): 
 
 Mem Silifil 
 
 li»'r>. Srhool-. iir*. 
 
 Salt Sprin-^s 150 2 4S 
 
 Ipper Mullil^vk^ iT) I ir> 
 
 River Credit 140 'J :►.'» 
 
 (inipe Islaiul I2«) "J :»«". 
 
 Rice ami Scu*^<i«i Lfikcs 17'» *- 7"» 
 
 Lake Siincoe ami MatoluMlash .'{oO .'{ 1(K) 
 
 Bay of Quinte, Mohawks 40 1 17 
 
 Munceytown, ChippexNasand MmuH'ys 155 1 15 
 
 Aiuherstlmriih 'J'.i I 20 
 
 1,058 15 401 
 Alxtiit 1,520 have l)eeii hapfi/i'd. 
 
 .lones was sent to another camp meetin;;- (Hi 
 Vellowhead's Jsland, Lake Simcoe. John Sun- 
 day was there, just returned I'rom the North 
 Shoi'O with Indians seekini:' instruction. Tlie 
 Chiel's htdd a Council, at which .Jones, Sunday, 
 Maofeo, Chief Vellowhoad and Miss Barnes spoke. 
 When Elder Case arrived a))out twenty were 
 baptized, and the Lord's Supper administered to 
 nearly 200. A collection of €5 :3s. !)d. was taken 
 
 4< 
 
 If 
 
 
 1 ■;*; 11 
 
 nw 
 
if 
 
 104 
 
 me.sslN(;ki{> <»i hie < ulucmes. 
 
 Uj), iuclnilin;^ cur-riiins ;ni<l l»r()(»clR's. .lolin 
 Sunday liail iiirt iiia!»y camps of In«lians, most 
 of tlicm usino- iiiuc'li tiic-watcr, an<l unwillii"; to 
 forsaUr their ul»l reli<fioiis rites. Some of the 
 t'liildreii and vouin^ itersons seeiiied willinir to 
 Ije tailijlit. Tlie ioui'liev liad lieeli tedious and 
 I'ood verv unceitaiu, l»ut the wav was oiteiied 
 for I'urthei' etlort. 
 
 At Kice Lake Joiies found the women out 
 witli canoes, <j;atlierinir rice. The men liad about 
 a hunch'cd hushcis of coi'u, wliich tliev were 
 dividiii!''. .lames Kvans was teacliiiiir a))out fiftv 
 childi'en. Tlio families on ( Jrape Island, about 
 forty-ti\(', WLMc nmcli im|»i'oved. They liad built 
 a woi'kdiousc, 40 X 'is fe»'t — a hive of industr}', 
 had better hou.ses, clean dishes and cupboards. 
 Many were readini;' the pi'inted chapters of St. 
 Matthew. A Council was held in nd'erence to 
 tlieii' deaiini's with the (Jovernment. The fob 
 lowinir amounts were paid annualb- for the sur 
 rendei* of their lands to the Crown : 
 
 Kiiil^st..!! and lU'lloville il^tSi) 
 
 Mohawks, P>ay <»f (^)uiiite 45(> 
 
 Kice Laku 710 
 
 Lake Sinicee I.IIK") 
 
 Rivor Ctvdit 47li 
 
 Kiver Thames (iOO 
 
 St. Chiir 1,100 
 
 £5,107 
 

 y. 
 
 x 
 
 
 • tt«it 
 
 ► .pi-*! 
 
 . J'" 
 
i()(i 
 
 mi:s.skn(;kus oi- tup: <nri{rHKs. 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
 ■H 
 
 In juldition to tliesc sinus. aniiUMl prrsonts 
 were nuule an: oniitin;: to alxjnt as niiicli more. 
 
 'I'lie (Jl()vern()r-( Jenei'al, at the ( 'n'<lit, spoke (A' 
 his visit to (iran<l liivi;)-. an<l the ^n^at contrast 
 lu'tvveen tlie Indians there and he;<'. He had 
 seen many drunk at Andiei'stl)Ui';^h. Sc^mc of 
 the men wen^ diiiiii'iii" 'i cellar U)r a new mission 
 house at the ('iT(lit, and the women were work- 
 ing- slipp«'rs. In \'oi'k lu(\. Iv liyerson was 
 issuiuii' tlie tii'st numhers ol" the Clinsfmii 
 (h'lird Id II, and ])ro])oseil that Mr. Jones send 
 some ol' tlieir boys to learn the printing-. Two 
 of them -William Wilson and John Sawyer- 
 were si'iit. The offer ol' the iJilile Societv to 
 pi'int the translations encouraoed .Jones to 
 proceed. He was enlisted by a pnrty of 
 Huron Indians as tlieii' iiiterpreter in considta- 
 tion with the CJovernor a])out their lan<ls and 
 payments. 
 
 In June, 1!SIK), the new mission house was 
 ready for Rev. (J. Hyeison. Miss jlarncs spent 
 thrcM' njonths teaehine- the Credit womeii to 
 make moccasins and gloves. They had sold 
 about i^40 woi'th. 
 
 ■ Jones continued translatiuii". beiian an In<lian 
 \ocabularv, assisted in clearine- and iilantinn- the 
 land, an<l received nuieh encoura<rement from 
 Sir John Colborne in the work of settlement 
 and civilization. 
 
 At Munceytown maru' lots were lai«l out. 
 
INDIAN' MISSION. \k!KS. 
 
 107 
 
 and prospects were brightening^. At the Credit 
 camp meeting, in June, 18r^0, sixty-four conver- 
 sions were reported. T'^wards the end of the 
 month Jontis, Sunday, Sawyer and others took 
 a tour among nortliern camps. Miss Barnes 
 returned from a visit to the United States, 
 bringing S|,:iOO and other valual)le donati(ms 
 for tlie missions. John Sunday preached, and 
 gave an account of liis recent tour. At Grape 
 Island great improvement was seen in tlie crops, 
 mode of living, etc. The Mohawk settlement 
 had a society of sixty. Bishop Hed<ling visited 
 Grape Island on his way to Kingston. At that 
 Conference Peter .lones and twenty others 
 were ordained deacons. He was continued as 
 " Missionary to the Indian tribes." At Grape 
 Island he visited every house, and kept an 
 account of each : Wm. C.'s — " Chairs good, table 
 dirty, beds poor." School — " Ten girls neat and 
 clean : rest, dirty and ragged." Paul F.'s — " One 
 curtain-bed good, cupboard good, table good but 
 dusty, Hoor clean, woman making light bread." 
 J. S.'s — " Xo one at home, all looke«l well in 
 the house." Nancy Black's school — " l!J .scholars 
 present, 8 read in X. T., (> write, 10 girls neat 
 and clean, hands all clean, and hair combed, 
 except three or four ; floor clean." Bro. T. H.'s 
 school — " 'i2 present, 10 read in X. T., 8 in Eng- 
 lish Reader, 17 write, 12 in Arithmetic, 18 in 
 English Grammar, 9 in Spelling: most all clean." 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 ': Ah 
 > itM 
 
 ■ if* 
 
 • «*j 
 
 ;■* 
 
 
 M 
 
 1*% 
 
 % 
 
lo.s 
 
 MK8SKN(iKUS uK THK CHIJKCHKS. 
 
 " I took all by surprise. My object was to stir 
 the Indian sisters in cleanliness and industry. 
 Most of the men handle the axe ecjual to any 
 white man, and some are becoming acquainted 
 with joiners' tools," etc. 
 
 On Sunday he assisted Elder Case, giving an 
 account of John Weslev's \isit to the Indians of 
 America. After a few weeks usefully spent, he 
 left for Rice J^ake, and was welcomed by James 
 Kvaiis, the missionary. Together they visited 
 Mu<l I^ake, passing through Peterborough — "a 
 tlirivinj-" villa'>e fourteen miles from liice Lake." 
 'rhf\' advised the men to hire out and work for 
 their living, help their teachers, etc. Elder Case 
 reached the Credit with a request from the 
 ])arent IJible S(jciety for a translation of the 
 Scriptures into Chippewa. 
 
 Oetober 4th, with Miss Barnes, D. Sawyer 
 and otlu.M's, ,lones started for Lake Simcoe, 
 Sawyei' and his wife for the Matchedash mis- 
 sion, othei's for Muncev and Sauij;een. After 
 ten daws' absence Jones and others were fishini»- 
 at the mouth of the Credit, and caught 140 
 salmon. Sunday and Paul arrived from Macki- 
 naw, and sat up most of the night writing their 
 good tidings — the conversion of thirty Chip- 
 pewas and bright })rospects. 
 
 Ucfohcr ri'otli. — The new saw-mill was started. 
 While Peter was translating St. Matthew, his 
 brother John w^as at work on St. John. "1 took 
 
INDIAN MISSIOXARIES. 
 
 100 
 
 h 
 
 up my quarters at tho officv, l>nt bonnled at ,nv 
 brothers." 
 
 In Decenibor he met tl.e Chippevv.s .tt (irn,,,! 
 Kiver, and had seventy-tuo ..Hndid.tte. i\n- l,,i,,- 
 
 tl>e f.ible .Society, and visited the House of \s. 
 «embly, wliere John Jiiant, the .Mohawk Chief 
 represented the Connty of Halton-ihe first 
 Indian to have a seat in the House. 
 
 The Rev. Geo. Kyo,-so„ havinjj been appointed 
 by thetoinnntteeon Heli;,nous Liberty to visit 
 England, it was fhought advi.sable that Peter 
 •Jone, accompany him and represent his peo,,K. 
 rhetonneiland KIder fa.se eoncurrin.,, he ieh 
 tor iSew Vorlv, Marcli 4tli, Isrjl. 
 
 "Oiir passaue was eiisaued, and we .sailed on 
 the 24th 
 
 IN- THK ■ BIU.Mr.NfJHAM,- FOR 1,1 VEI,,'.,, ,1, : 
 
 1-are 8120-S20 each less than th,. nsual-a ..,,in 
 made by temperance. " 
 
 The Lord Bishop of (Quebec an,l about a dozen 
 other cabin passengers were aboanl. .lo„es 
 employed much of his time correeting his trans'- 
 iations. 
 
 After thirty-seven days they Ian,!..] at Livr- 
 pool. Their Hrst introduction was at the mis- 
 sionary anniversary, K.xeter Hall, London, wh,re 
 Jones was called upon for an ad.lress. He 
 attended some of the other great annual meet- 
 
 ^1 
 
 ' Ml 
 
 'l.f 
 
 
 
 
 ■T 
 
w 
 
 110 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 ings, and the breakfast of the preachers' chil- 
 dren, City Road, with many ministers and their 
 wives. 
 
 To the Secretaries of the Bible Society he 
 submitted copies of his translations. " The Eng- 
 lish are desperately fond of new thirjos; a most 
 friendly and hospitable people, with a little of 
 Brother Jonathan s inquisitiventss, asking more 
 ijuestions than I am able to answer." 
 
 He visited Windsor, Bath, Bristol ; dined with 
 Rev. W. Wait, of the Established Church, who 
 gave him two sovereigns for the missions : called 
 on Miss Hannah Moore, the authoress, who was 
 delighted to hear of his people, and said, "Come, 
 lot us go over to Canada and live among the 
 Indians and instruct them." After prayer she 
 said, " A bishop could not pray any better." She 
 handed him a five-pound note, and one of her 
 books, in wdiich she waote, without glasses, in 
 her eighty-seventh year : " To the Rev. Peter 
 Jones, with her cordial prayer for his happiness 
 in time and eternity; and long may he continue 
 to be a blessing to Indians. Hannah Moore. 
 Clifton, 1831." 
 
 To two artists desiring his likeness he gave 
 several sittings, and was kept busy writing 
 autographs, letters, and receiving donations. 
 
 He called on Mrs. Bundy, the oldest Methodist 
 woman in Bristol, and heard tho Rev. James 
 Wood. Mn' oldost Mothf>dist j^ronchor it) thr 
 
INIHAN MISSIONARIFS. 
 
 Ill 
 
 '■e 
 
 
 iS 
 
 country, who had tr,'i\elled with Mr. Wesley, 
 and saw the Hrst chajx-l he built, in Hroadniead 
 Street. '' In tliis cha))el class meetings were 
 first established, which have since proved a 
 blessing to thousands in Europe and America. ' 
 To r)iilli<ms^ lie might have said. 
 
 At Kingswoo«l he attended th«' celebration ol' 
 Wesley's birthday : took dinner with many 
 ministers and friends, and, in Indian costume, 
 gave an address to eighty sons ol' pn achers 
 
 As f. token of felhjwship the Rev. T. Roberts 
 handed liim a branch from the sycamore under 
 which .lohn Wesley prraclKMl. " 1 had the h(mor 
 to sit in Ml". Wesley's arm chair, [)ut on his 
 irown, and see his liltrarv. Mv thoughts wen^ 
 full of Father Wesley, and long shall I remember 
 this visit to Kingswood." 
 
 A severe cold compelled him to rest a few 
 days. He took tea with Re\. R. Watson, and 
 saw Wesley's tond>. 
 
 With Mr. Ryerson he ap))eared before the 
 New Kngland ('ompany. on behalf of the In- 
 dians; attended a committiu' of tiie Bible So- 
 ciety; answered a call to the Colonial Office: 
 presented papers and received a £5 donation 
 from Lor<l (;loderich. He heard Dr. Adam 
 Clarke, dined with him, and received a sample 
 of his writiriijf — " I met with a converted Indian 
 Chief, named Kahkewa<|Uonaby. literally, Sacred 
 Kagle Fejithers," now enllefl Pet«»i' Jones, nt M»'. 
 
 •HI 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 *'%'* 
 
 S' 
 
 
 11 
 
'I .!' 
 
 iil 
 
 i !■ ' 
 
 112 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 Thurston's, in London. July 8lHt, 18'U : to whom 
 I wish the choicest blessiiifjs of the ever-blessed 
 God. Adam Chirke." 
 
 At the Conference, Bristol, he heard Kev. 
 Jahe/ Bunting'. '' Called on Mr. Pocock, who 
 showed us his inventions — new air <;loves, and 
 mode of travellino- bv kites. Miss Pocock made 
 me a present of a (;love and a treatise, price 
 
 .» ( s. 
 
 He was asked to preach in several chap ds : 
 heard Kev. R. Newton ; breakfasted with the 
 preachers: witnessed a weddin<.,^ at a Quaker 
 meetin<»\ and oave an address. At a missionary 
 meeting" in Oldiiam Street Chapel he shook 
 hands with about n thousand persons. 
 
 The Rev. John Beechani i^ave him a plan for 
 visitin<i^ Manchester, Halifax, York, and several 
 other cities. He took ])reakfast with a Quaker 
 and some friends, who <^ave him CIO each. " I 
 collected this day about CoO." From the ladies 
 
 he received two suits of clothes and m 
 
 Liny arti- 
 
 cles for the missions. " I never shall foriivt the 
 o'enerosity of my friends in Manchester.'' 
 
 At Hudderstield he witnessed the procession 
 on Kin<j^ Williams Coronation day. 
 
 M 
 
 y prayer 
 
 is that CK)d mav bless our Great Father the 
 Ivint:^ and make his rei^n prosperous. Loni»- live 
 the Kint; I ' 
 
 He drove to Leeds with Mrs. Buntino-, who 
 2fave him a ufold somI with the likoness of Weslev. 
 
 
INDIAN MISSIONARIES. 
 
 113 
 
 In York he attended a jubilee concert — two 
 thousand cliildren ceh-bratin^ the coninience- 
 nient of .Sunday Schools by Robert Kaikes. 
 Aft' r preacliin^ in the evening — "I found my 
 pouch of mink skin containing over £9. Never 
 did the poor mink contain such treasure before." 
 
 At Stockton missionary meeting, after the 
 reguhir collection, a special for his missions 
 yielded t!2N. "The fact is the Stockton friends 
 have true relicjion." 
 
 In Brunswick Chapel, Leeds, he preachetl at 
 2.30. " Hundreds were not able to get in." 
 With Rev. G. Morley he rode out to Woodhouse 
 Grove school and addressed al)Out a hundred 
 preachers' sons, who gave a sovereign for the 
 Indian schools and a k'tter signed by si.\ty of 
 them." 
 
 At Shetfield the audience gave not only their 
 shillings, but knives, scissors, thimbles, etc. 
 " After all I hear and .see, give me the people 
 called Methodists I" 
 
 In the procession going to the House of Lords 
 he was within a few paces of the Kinij. " His 
 carriage was niost splendid, like a mass of gold, 
 and drawn by eight horses. Tlie other carriages 
 belonging to tlie royal family were also elegant. 
 The Life Guards appeared to great advantage 
 mounted on beautiful horses." 
 
 With Mr. Beech am and others lie visited 
 Windsor Castle, inspected the magnificent state 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 t0^ . 
 
 m 
 
 ( iUi 
 
('? 
 
 i 11 
 
 i'i i; 
 
 114 
 
 MESSEXCiKKS OF TIIK CHTRCHES. 
 
 apartments, the elegant sculpture, old portraits^ 
 <lininf^ hall, etc. " Ex(jui.sitely beautiful !" At 
 a missionary meetinf]^ in City Road chapel he 
 spoke a few minutes. Christmas morning- he 
 preached in Spitalfields, and attende<l watch- 
 night services in City Road. He dined with 
 Rowland Hill, then eighty-eight years of age, 
 and ])reaehed for him — the first Methodist to 
 ] (reach from his pulpit. A second time he 
 preached, and reci'ived a collection of £17 5s. 
 With Mr. Ryeison he called on Dr. Clarke, who 
 entertained them a couple of days. " The doc- 
 tor and his lady live in a very plain style. He 
 uses no tea nor coflee, and althou(>h overseventv 
 is always empl(\yed." He breakfa-ted with the 
 Solicitor-General of Ireland, went through West- 
 minster Abbey — saw tlie statues, monuments, 
 tombs, vaults, and the chair on which the kings 
 of Kngland are crowned. At Islington he calird 
 on ^[rs. Mortinker, who talked much of j\Ir. 
 Wesley, whose triumphant death she had wit- 
 nessed. At Bristol Mr. Alden took him to see 
 the ships of the generous Irving. Mr. Budget, 
 of Kingswood, sent his gig. desiring a visit. 
 I'rom the Bible Society he received a grant of 
 BibU'S and Testaments, also books for the Sun- 
 day School Union. 
 
 April ■'>th. — The Indian Chief, in his costume, 
 was received by the King and Queen in Wind- 
 sor Palac(\ ■' He asked me how mnnv were in 
 
INDIAN MISSIONARIES. 
 
 115 
 
 our nation. I told him forty or fifty tlumsund. 
 Ffe asked how old I was. I replied thirty-one. 
 On presenting a copy of St. John in Chippewa, 
 the Kii't;^ asked who was the translator, and the 
 Queen answered, ' It is his own.' Her Majest}- 
 also said she had received the present from thr 
 Indian women. Afier half an hours in'erview, 
 we were invited to lunch then shown into the 
 private apartments, wdicre we met the ladies 
 and children. The King ordered a medal to be 
 st»uck. Rode to London highly gratified with 
 my visit to our Great Father, the King, and our 
 Great Mother, the Queen. The\^ were dressed 
 very plainly, and seemed not at all proud. They 
 both looked very healthy and in good spirits. 
 God blt-ss the King and Queen !" 
 
 He had visited some thirty cities and towns, 
 given one hundred addresses, and preached sixty 
 sermons. He received — 
 
 Grant from Wesleyan Missionary Society t.'iOn 
 Collections and donations 7.i2 
 
 d- 
 
 lin 
 
 £1,032 
 
 besides nearly £500 in books, tools, clothes, etc. 
 On the 27th of April, on board the yapnlcnyi, 
 
 " I LEFT THE SHORES OF EX(JLANI) 
 
 under a pleasing recollection of the very kind 
 reception I had met. During a whole year I 
 have not received n single nnkindness from any 
 
 
 11^ 
 
 •r 
 
 \: !1; 
 
 'S% 
 
 
 I ; 
 
I IT) 
 
 MESSENfiERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 i i; 
 
 ono, but much frood-will. ^f.ay (rod bl«\ss tlio 
 KnjT^lish nation !" 
 
 May J7tli. — They landed at New York and, 
 proceeding to Phihidel{)hia, niet Elder Case. 
 
 Jiiuf JOf/t. — At tlie Credit the}'^ received a 
 welcome home. " When a number had collected 
 we all knelt down, giving thanks." The next 
 day they were off to York, Newmarket and 
 Lake Simcoe — everybody asking about England 
 and all the}' had seen. At Penetanguishene they 
 heard of four or five hundred on the North 
 Shore ; met some Chippewas from Sault Ste. 
 ]Marie — fruits of John Sunday's labors. A 
 Council of all the Chiefs was held. About six 
 hundred and fifty Indians gathered at the 
 King's storehouse, for their presents. Some 
 had come about a thousand miles. Peter Jones 
 and John Sunday addressed them. A Chief 
 gave up his medicine bag, saj^ing lie intended 
 to be a Chr stian, and desired to be baptized. 
 Some of the missionaries left for Sault Ste. 
 Marie. 
 
 Returning to York, July 18th. Jones found 
 cholera prevailing. At the Humber some had 
 died. 
 
 At Grape Island he found his people as 
 zealous as ever, but some of the Kingston In- 
 dians had been overcome b}- tlie fire-water of 
 the " white savages." He returned to the Credit, 
 and thence to Grand River. In October he 
 
INDIAN MISSIONARIES. 
 
 11 
 
 received .some copies of St. Matthew from the 
 York Bible Society, but was <;rieve«l to tiiid the 
 translation sadly manj^led. 
 
 The j^oods from Kngland arrived, and were 
 divided amoiiir the several mission.s. Chief 
 Sawyer and the Indians, ]»y unanimous vote, 
 expressed the <;ratitude they felt to their sisters 
 over the o;reat waters. The children were 
 especially ])lrased, each girl receivini^ a frock, 
 workbag, scissors, needles, thread, etc. 
 
 Peter Jones helped his people to build a store- 
 house at the mouth of the Credit. 
 
 JanvAirji Jst, 1K)J. — In opening their Council 
 a hymn was sung, and Chief Sawyer gave 
 thanks to the Great Spirit for saving their 
 people from the cholera. They also joined in a 
 day of thanksgiving for tlie removal of the 
 pestilence. 
 
 After preaching in Streets ville Jones lodged 
 with Mr. Switzer — "an Irish oentleman who 
 treated us very kindl}^" At Rice Lake he 
 assisted in distributintr cfoods from England, 
 amid great rejoicing. He also gave copies of 
 St. Matthew and St. John. 
 
 With Herkimer and Magee he left for Sault 
 Ste. Marie. At Detroit they wei*e joined by 
 Thomas Hurlburt, teacher from Munceytown. 
 On their arrival the Chief expressed his 
 pleasure, and welcomed Mr. Hurlburt as their 
 teacher. Services had been continued since 
 
 1 
 
 M 
 
 i!t« 
 
 f 
 
 ■n 
 
 ■'.If'':, 
 
 >;. 
 
 •Si!. 
 
 l; 
 
IIS 
 
 MESSENiJEliS «)K THE CHURCHES. 
 
 f 
 
 ;< I 
 i: ' 
 
 v\ L 
 
 M] 
 
 
 Joliii Sunday left tlioin in Xovembur. After 
 exMiniimtion, sevoral lu<liuii.s were baptized. 
 Jolni Sunday arrived I'roni his mission, 240 
 miles, on tlie south shore of Lake Superior, 
 wliere many Chippewas liad lieard and believed. 
 A Chief had brought his children 700 miles to 
 have them l>aj)ti/ed. 
 
 On the >h'd of »July, Jones, Sunday and others 
 started in their canoe for Mackinaw. In their 
 course alon^j the north shore of Manitoulin 
 Island they fell in with many bands of their 
 people and witli a Nipissino- Chief who desired 
 teachers. 
 
 By Aui;ust Jones was back to the Credit, and 
 heard Ezra Adams preach at the Quarterly 
 AFeotint;. His work was pressin*^ — translatintj, 
 visiting the sick, repairint^ the chapel, dividing 
 lumber, negotiating with the Government, etc. 
 
 While in England the Canadian Chieftain 
 appears to have captured the heart of a young 
 lady, and, with the Rev. E. Ryerson, went to 
 New York to meet her. Miss Fields had ar- 
 rived, and by Dr. Bangs they were married. 
 
 Through the winter, with Rev. J. Stinson and 
 others, he made a tour of the missions. During 
 the next summer cholera was raging, and many 
 Indians were its victims. But the work went 
 on —Thomas Hurlburt, David Sawyer, James 
 Evans and others greatly helping. 
 
 In his report for 1834 the Rev. Joseph Stinson, 
 
I.NmAN MISSION AHJES. ] j r, 
 
 Sui.erinton<lont of Missions, supplies interesting 
 luuticulars ix-i-anlino- the Lulian nnssions : " 
 
 Credit Mission '''"''T' '"'t'" '^'""•''■"- '^•""'-- 
 
 i^.iko .Siiiieou n)j ,j ^^ ^ 
 
 Hice Luke .•m.l M.i.l Luk.V ^ 142 i, - i"' 
 
 Munceytovvn ,.>- -^ '* '*" 
 
 <irHI)e IsIhihI . '" ,";;, l| "* ^^ 
 
 Mohawk, aiy(,)uiiite 40 .'! !* J^ 
 
 <iiHii(l River . |.^~, Z " "'* 
 
 ^-'«-" 5;, ; ;; *:; 
 
 •• In ';... wl.ole l,i.sto,y of n.i.ssions nevor weiv 
 I>i-osente,l more ,lolijrhtlul ovi,lenee.s of true con- 
 vr.s,o„ than l.ave been exl.ibite.l in the eh„n<.e 
 wrought in the aborijfines of this country " " 
 I.. October of that year the Rev. Wn,'. Lor.l 
 ean,e Irom Lngland as President of the Canada 
 onference. He passed .,uickly fron. province 
 to provmce, with Stinson, Case and others 
 everywhere intensifying the zeal of the churches' 
 and witnessing extensive revivals 
 
 At the Credit, (,,tober 18th, l«:!(i, .Mr. .lones 
 and hrs^people receive,! a visit fron, Sir Kraneis 
 I ond Head, wl,u .said tlieir Nilhige was the 
 
 .•leanest a,.dn..,.st civilised Jndian.settlen,ent he 
 
 '»>i(i seen. 
 
 ml. tor tng ,nd. ' I saw for a long .li.stanee 
 my dearest w,le wa^■ing her white handkerchief 
 May (,od bless he,, and Catharine.- During th 
 
 
 
 
r-f, 
 
 120 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 1 i 
 . I 
 
 
 r.ii.. 
 
 if"-: 
 
 H 
 
 year pr<*parations were begun for a mamial 
 labor school. 
 
 In August 3,201 Indians received presents — 
 the greate-t number collected logetlier for many 
 years. Jones ministered to tht m, and " was 
 glad to see the value set upon the Lord's Day. 
 They diligently provi<led fuel on the Saturday 
 evening, and made every preparation for keep- 
 ing holy the Sabbath." 
 
 At a camp meeting, Grand River, eight lan- 
 guages were in use — English, Mohawk, Oneida, 
 Seneca, Tuscarora, Cayuga, Onondaga and 
 Chippewa. 
 
 In October Jones prepared for a trip to Eng- 
 land, reached Liverpool November 7th, and 
 joined iiis wife in London. The Missionary 
 C'Onnnittee appreciated his services, paid his 
 expenses and allowed him a salary. 
 
 He attended a great meeting in Exeter Hall, 
 on Negro apprenticeship. Lord Brougham in 
 the chair; dined with the Highland Society: 
 made a missionary tour through Cornwall: in- 
 spected the Adelaide — a man-of-Wfir, 120 guns 
 and 1,000 men — at Plymouth: attended many 
 nn>sionary meetings — audiences up to 2,000, 
 and collections of £200 and over. At St. Ives, 
 on the ]>latform, was a missionary ship with 
 cargo of copper, .lC27 ; a steam-engine to bring 
 in the gold and silver, £20; a barrel with £20 
 from the Teetotal Society. At Birmingham he 
 
INDIAN MISSIONARIES. 121 
 
 at'^cled tl. ,„is.-ona,, breakfast, about .00 
 
 :S";;;r^''''^'^' ?"•''''''-'-„,, ail 
 
 "t iiijiiu. ill the nnsoii ),. i;.,..- e i 
 
 tlie tiviuhmU " P '■'•'■ '■■'■" "" 
 
 wUl-or) f '•'•'•^'t,nv«, aftc- tbey ha,l 
 
 :;:: y llL :°""- "■"^■' '"^■^^- — -"• «■- 
 
 excessive crowd." Thron,r}. iv /\. 
 
 :■ One or U. ,„ost ..auS'^iTr '^ 
 
 At Goole a missionary, steamboat was nre 
 seiited,coiitaiiiiiio.al,out fI'Ml. n • . ^'^* " 
 
 -1 «oo,,I-w,ll to .,,..,,;■ etc. -The a,,^.ii„, : 
 
 o. e,. than n,y,oodU.otla.r, John Suu.,ayU 
 Jn.sChietsnieda anil sa,h \V,.1I ,1 ,. 
 Sunday!" " ^'H ''™'o, Captain 
 
 • '^'X - (f!' -1'"-J''.V - .iu.^t a Inn.dred years 
 -MC-. 3h. \ esiey IVnn,,! peace to his soul n 
 
 l.i,M ..-v. , . '^ ^^' Ji'iiii had orderef lor 
 
 ;;::.;:-r;i;:;;:;;;:"'' " " ■■• » 
 
 CrosMnu- to Ireland, he had breakfast wlH, 
 
 nirnoe, ot tl,e nnnislers and was |;i„,l|,. ,,. 
 
 ceived by the ConlVTencv. The Ho ' 
 
 Cranipton presented to l.i... XIO b! ,^ ^"^"' 
 
 ■'J 
 
 * <* 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 i 
 
m 
 
 I 
 
 I: ! 
 
 i '• 
 
 :5-i 
 
 tiriiii. 
 
 i:, 
 
 
 5.»i 
 
 122 
 
 .MES.SEN(.;£1{S OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 £10 for tlie Industrial Home and £10 for tlie 
 missions. 
 
 "Juli/ fff/i. — Took steam])oat for Glaso-ow. 
 Ariived at (ilreenock: three liours vvaitinij; for 
 tlie tide to rise. Goin^- up the Clyde the scenery 
 is the most beautiful I have seen this side of the 
 Atlantic. ' 
 
 '''lidif I Jih. — Edinburgh is one of the most 
 beautiful and romantic of cities. Saw panorama 
 of New Zealand and (^)uebec. Passed the seat 
 of the late Sir Walter Scott, a lovely place, and 
 very rich in scenery.'" Returning to Liverpool, 
 he visited Wales, preaching to Welsh and Eng- 
 lish. Presents from ShetHeld, Wakefield and 
 Dublin — "all most valuable for missionary 
 work " — were shipped to Montreal. 
 
 Sf'itft'hilx'r IJflh. — By Lord Glenelg he was 
 }>resented to Her ^lajest}^ (^)ueen Victoria, and 
 delivei'ed a petition from the Credit Lidians. 
 He was then taken to lunch — "which I should 
 call a dinucr." 
 
 At City Road, with other missionaries, h«' 
 received a ])arting ad<lr('ss from the President 
 of Conference, prayer Ix'inii' oti'ei'ed b\' Dr. 
 I Uniting. 
 
 On his return to Canada Mr. Jones was inniie- 
 diately in demand for missionary ainiiveisaries 
 and cente.iary meetings, which occupie<l most of 
 tl;e year VKVd, and for which his travels abroati 
 made him a welcome member of any deputation. 
 
INDIAN MISSIONARIES. 
 
 123 
 
 During the next year he suffered from illness, 
 but made a general visitation of the missions. 
 In 1841 Muncey was his special field, where for 
 three years he labored with much success, at- 
 tending some camp-meetings, though often in 
 poor health. 
 
 In the autumn, for the third time, he crossed 
 the "great waters," and attended many meet- 
 ings in behalf of his beloved missions. With 
 Mrs. Jones he breakfasted with Dr. Chalmers, 
 preached for the Rev. William Jay, of Bath, and 
 heard the Rev. J. Angel James. "The Lord 
 warmed my poor heart." He spent a few days 
 in Paris, but " was glad to get out of France. 
 England fore\er ! " 'Inhere he remained until 
 April, 1846, in active missionary efforts, and 
 then returned to Canada. As health permitted 
 he resumed his tours among his people. 
 
 In 1847 his illness became more severe. He 
 tendered the resignation of his Chieftainship, 
 but his offer was declined. From the Credit he 
 moved to Muncey to take charge of the Indus- 
 trial School, and was welcomed with " shouts 
 from the top of the hill." After two years of 
 t'fficient service in the school and a third in 
 general visitation and platform work, he began 
 to feel his need of the peaceful ([uiet of his own 
 home. He was still translating, but amid "oft 
 illnesses." 
 
 In 1850 the state of his health compelled him 
 
 ■|r*'^ 
 
 m 
 
 fit* 
 
 I 
 
 '•t 
 /I 
 
 liJ 
 
124 
 
 MESSENGERS ( >F THE CJU'RCUE!^. 
 
 M.!l 
 
 
 U) accept superannuation. He moved to Lon- 
 <lon, but after a few nuniths settled in Brant- 
 ford. For s()iiit3 years, when able, he assisted in 
 camp meetings, missionary anniversaries and 
 otlier services. Constant medical attendance 
 became necessary', and esi)ecially the faithful 
 ministrations of his beloved wife. 
 
 ( )n the 20th of May, IJSOO, on an invitation 
 from their old friend, l)i'. Ryerson, ^Ir. and iMrs. 
 Jones visited Toronto, A consultation of physi- 
 cians afforded little hope of relief from serious 
 heart trouble. Ministers of the city, the Rev. 
 Drs. Hannah and Jobson, from England, and 
 many friends visited them. 
 
 dune 17th they returned home, Mr. Jones 
 much exhausted, but with gratitude exclaiming, 
 " ]>less the Loi'd ! " For a week his strength 
 was failing. On the 2(Jth he said, "I am going 
 home — going to my Father's house above. All 
 is well !" As the time of his departure seemed 
 near, iiis family gathered around him. With a 
 calm and peaceful smile he gave each of his 
 boys — Charles, Frederick, Peter and George — 
 a loving father's dying counsel and a parting 
 i»ift; then kissinu' his beloved wife he said, "1 
 commend these dear boys to the care of their 
 heavenly Father and to you. Train them up 
 for heaven. Ciod bless you, Dear! I pray we 
 may l)e an unbroken family above." Through 
 tlie night he slept ruuch, and during the next 
 
 SiC»] 
 
INKIA.V MlSsro.VARlES. 125 
 
 day was ^nkin,,, b„t gla,l to l,oar th. R,.- j ,. 
 wid Mrs. Howard sinj; ■ We si,,,.- of tl, ' '> 
 
 of the West." (..,.„,;„, „: :;;;:i;t: ir: ;;i: 
 
 exp..e,s.s,ons of eal,n ecfidenee in ,,;. K,..l, , , 
 
 ^Min ins JittJo remjiin nrr stivnoH. I,., .^i • 
 
 dim ,t,"' r- ''"'■■'""'''"-■'■ l"»»."^t 
 
 Tl,us live,! a„d die,] our fi,-st native „,issi,.„ 
 
 2- '--n,^ „,aintai„ed an ,„.,„e,„i. , ,, ., 
 
 ton and e.stabli.sl.ed a eha,-acter ,„,„.kJ " 
 
 tne work ot s.-ivintr souls 
 
 Having f,,„o„.,:, tl,eack-no«le,lo.od lo.uler „f 
 hat ea,-ly I„Ji,,„ f,„te,.,itv to liFes co J 
 
 I 
 
 
 Jf'»f ■ ' 1 
 
 
 \' 
 
 I 
 
 ''i 
 
 •lOlIX .sl-.Nlnv 
 
 "•as ,-eoeived on t,-ial as a .ni.ssio,,,.,.,- \yuu 
 
 l,ad done effective work a,,,,,,,,. i,is „e„ 
 
 ;,!";' ""-" I"'°"f "f -eh tae,, u is,,, ,„ 
 ^■"thfulness as .soe,n,.,| ,.,„i„.,„t,, , ,.., 
 
 I'l-'iliTy iiiin 
 
 iM 
 
13 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 I V, 
 
 t • 
 
 r. 
 
 JOHN SUNDAY 
 
■KWRWI 
 
 I.VIJIAN MIS.sroVABIKS. 
 
 127 
 
 l"i; t,-d<iM- ,,n,-t i„ this ministry. He was ■,„ 
 P-Mnto,! '. .nissionary to the Sanlt Sto. yuL 
 •""' "tl"-'- l.n.l..s ol- ti,e natives.- \-„,,. ,,,„„| 
 
 ''"■^ am tnl„.s, ,,n,| „„u,y eoMv,.rte,l thro,wh his 
 
 .ns, .„,n,.ntality wen.. ,,,,.t with in vanous places. 
 
 '" '■^•>+l'""_as,„.,hnne,| lor .special purpcses. 
 
 he ne.xt year he was receive,! into fnll connee- 
 
 IslanT *^'"'"' ■' "'■'' '"'"''"■"' '•l""-J-''^-'''-ai>e 
 
 Dr. Carroll wrote thus of hin,: -.No I,,,),-..,, 
 pmu.|,,.r, an,l few English on.., eo„|,| e,,„al hin 
 
 o. on^imd n,eth,Kls of sennoni.in. rea,line.ss 
 
 of. 'll"strat,on,an,l power to deal wi,h the con- 
 -|"-. H,s wit. h„n,or, .lownri^ht .Irolleri 
 
 and ,adn,ess at repartee, Joined to his broken 
 l-^nshsh, make li:n, irresistible." 
 Of his preachino. Rev. Jonathan .Scott wrot,. • 
 ' x.re ,s pretty correct staten,ent, trnth of 
 .etnm>, beantifnl .notation, natnral history, 
 apt .llnstrat.on, pnn^ent practical ren,ark, we" - 
 con.e m,,s,s,onary iMtellij.ence. We have been 
 P csent wh..re hundreds have been hearers 
 Nuenee „as reigned : eyes have been H.xed i 
 '^a.ts have beat: ,,rayer has ascen,i,..h (!od 
 has come down." 
 
 A".l natural in ^,estu,v ; ,„„cl, i,np,««o,l 
 H.nwflf HS e,.nsci„„.s „n,is ,„vfMl el,..„..,v 
 
 \i"l .■eiM..u» mainly tlwi ll,.. (I.vk 1,,. ?,.,.,!,. 
 ^'■i.v f<'i.| if i,„, 
 
 'J 
 
 ■ '.* 
 
 
 <*^llii| 
 
128 
 
 MESSEXfiEHS OF THE CIirUCHES, 
 
 !■! 
 
 , t 
 
 ;.; It- 
 
 i'i i|*n; 
 
 I ! 
 
 
 *; 
 
 "Could tlu\y li(^ ask(!(l, the trihes of many a 
 wood aiul many a shore would answei". ' Sun- 
 day's talk has done us nood.' I lu^pe his iK-alth 
 will soon he n'stoi'tMl, that to thmi h<' niav iio 
 and t.-dk mom in." 
 
 When the l\ev. Win. Lord wms rctiu'iiinir to 
 Kn<dand. in IS.Sd, lie took .John Sunday with 
 hiiM ; ])artly Tor th ' o'ood oi' his h alth, hut spo- 
 ciallv that lie niiirht roi)i-es('nt Canadian mission- 
 ary work Ixd'orc l^n^lish Methodism. Ol* his 
 labors tliriH' and the impression the Indian 
 C'hiel', Shawundais. nuide upon Imi^-HsIi au- 
 diences, the Wr^lcijd n M(i(/(i:iiK', ou the eve of 
 his de])arture, bears kindly testimony : 
 
 " DuriniT tlie yt^ar which he lias passed \n this 
 country man\- of our I'eaders have had the 
 o])portunity of heariiiLi* fiom his own lips the 
 artless and satisfactory narrative of Ins hap])y 
 conversion to tlie faith of Christ, and of some of 
 the more remarkable passages in his lif(\ His 
 healtli, wliich had been impaired by journeys, 
 exposure and severe lal)or in the wilds of Can- 
 ada, has been restored. An a.C(piaintance with 
 him has served to deepen the interest which 
 many had beji'un to h^el in tlie diminished and 
 ill-re(iuited tribes of North American Indians. 
 There is reason to hope that his intercourse 
 with some hio-h in autliority may have the 
 (effect of preventing any further unfair advan- 
 tage Ikmuo- taken of the friendly disposition of 
 
INDIAN MISSIONARIES. 
 
 129 
 
 the Indians. Mr. Sunday has ombarked this 
 day, AuL^ust 2.'h-d, 1S.S7, for Canada, and wo 
 commend liim to the kind providence and <^!-ace 
 of God, and to tlie prayers of his people, tliat he 
 may reach Ids land in safety and reconnnence 
 his missionary work in the fulness of the bless- 
 ing of the Gospel of Christ." 
 
 To John Matthewson, Esq., Montnal he ha<l 
 written : " I am a i^reat deal better since I left 
 Canada. Also my heart gets warmrr more and 
 more ; this is the best of all to get happy in our 
 heart. The English people have plenty of steam 
 in th»'ir hearts. They are very kind to me — 
 very kind people, indeed." 
 
 At dinner with some English ministers the 
 conversation turned on the conversion of the 
 Indians. Presently John Sunday was seen to 
 be in tears and they expressed their sympathy. 
 " Oh, not that at all," said Sunday, " but that .'"— 
 pointing to the nmstard. 
 
 After his return from England in 1S3G, 
 he faithfully served his people for twenty 
 years at Alderville, Rice Lake, Mount Elgin and 
 Muncey, besides freijuent tours to northern mis- 
 sions. Ho was in constant demand for nd.ssion- 
 ary anniversaries and camp meetings, where his 
 simple earnestness, his deep sym|)athy with his 
 people and magnetic inliuence over his white 
 friends did nmch to intensify the zeal of the 
 
 
 it 
 
 
 f/' 
 
I :;() 
 
 MKssK\(;Kns <)!• I'HK <'m'H<nEs. 
 
 w 
 
 I 
 i 
 
 i. 
 i. 
 
 fl 
 
 clmrclu's loi tin- salvatinn of Uw (l<,'eiiii}it«'(l 
 iiativti tiilu's. 
 
 Writing; rroiii AMcrvillc he says: " My I'ainily 
 li\('s at Al(l('r\illr, Imf I lire rr( ri/irhrre — 
 Toronto, Rice Lako, rtc, I liavo just rotunuul 
 IVom a iiiissioiiarv tour up the couutrv. Hi-ant- 
 \\)\'i\ |)oo|)U' j^ivc luorc llian they ((avc last year, 
 and Iiad a crowded nu't'tinj;-. (Jik'Iph, tlR>y }j^ivr 
 uion* also. WoodsttK'k and Lo'ulon wo liad a 
 LTroat nKH'tinu ; liuiidr«'<ls went awav without 
 adnussiou ; a lar^«'r cullrction. (Io<lrricli the 
 srtuio. Adi'laidc, a plarr in thr woods, wc had a 
 i;Tt>at nu'otinii I'orL Sarnia — wv had a very 
 <jf()od tinu- and all xfry ha|)|)y. l^ctcrboiH)' — 
 tlierc is jj^reat iniproviMncnt. The Indians of 
 llico Lake. Mud I^ake, liavc done well, but the 
 Inilians of Alderville are tlie first on the list." 
 
 On the missionary }>latforni in Kingston, 
 .lohn Sunday, gratefully referred to the fine 
 hufKalo overcoat tlie ladies had given him some 
 years before, whicli, though getting weatlier- 
 worn like himself could still save him from the 
 storm. The next evenino' thev had another 
 ready for him. 
 
 Thus he continued his varied, earnest and 
 efficient labors until 1867, when his health be- 
 came so poor that he was compelled to super- 
 annuate. He made his home at Alderville, 
 where his still active mind was ever intent on 
 efforts for the sfood of otliers and found exercise 
 
INDIAN MISSIONARIES. 
 
 131 
 
 nv 
 
 Ihe 
 
 icr 
 
 hd 
 
 )e- 
 
 jle, 
 
 on 
 
 lise 
 
 ill fchouj^litful and iiil<'lli;;;('iit iiivosti^'atioii of 
 the ways .'ind works of (jlod. WIkmi his ryu- 
 sit^ht failed ahnost to l)liii(hu'ss Ik^ found pleas- 
 ure in active service and faithful attendance 
 upon the sanctuary. Speaking;- in a love-feast, 
 Kim Street Church/roronto, Sunday suddeidy 
 lookinj;- around, iiKjuired, " Where is Thomas 
 .letlers :* ( Jone to heaven! Where are Dr. 
 Wood's dau^i^hters !* (ione* to heaven ? And l)y 
 and by sonn; onc^ will ask, " Where is .lolin 
 Sunday :' (loiu; to heaven !" 
 
 Durino liis last painful illness his patience, his 
 trust in his Redeemer, and his lovt^ foi- his people 
 received fresh development. He was fond of 
 conversation and loved to recount his won- 
 derful experiences. With a hri(^ht vision and 
 foretaste of a glorious innnortality his pil- 
 tj^riniage of fourscore years ended on the 14th 
 of December, 1875. He passed peacefully 
 through the dark valley, fearing no evil, to 
 " dwell in the house of the Lord forever." 
 
 The English Conference having determined 
 on opening a mission in 
 
 Hudson's bav territory 
 
 sent out the Revs. G. Barnley, W. Mason 
 and R. T. Rundle, in March, 1840, and requested 
 Rev. James Evans to take charije of the enter- 
 prise. Mr. Evans made inunediate preparation 
 
 
 -:» 
 
 1- _ 
 
 n 
 
 

 VV2 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 and took with him jih native assistants Peter 
 Jacobs an<l Henry H. Steinliauer. July 7th, 
 I(S42, Mr. Evans wrote: 
 
 
 c 
 
 I, 
 
 I 
 
 - t» 
 
 has been unremitting in his exertions at Norway 
 House (hn*in^ my winter t^'Ur and I cannot pos- 
 sibly express myself too stronjjjly respectin<^ liis 
 Christian deportment, ministerial laboi's and 
 daily toil in instructing; the Indian children. 
 His school averages about forty scholars. Some 
 of them read well and write better." 
 
 He liad been previously associated with Mr. 
 Kvans in northern and western Ontario, and his 
 experience, in addition to a good education, 
 proved an admirable preparation for the w^ider 
 field and heavier responsibilities of the great 
 North- West. At Norway House he entered 
 heartily into the plans and labors of his ener- 
 getic leader, proving himself a skilful carpenter, 
 an efficient teacher and earnest missionary. 
 
 In 1843 he was ordained and made a 
 
 VISIT TO ENGLAXi), 
 
 Nvhere for several montlis !\e was employed 
 under the direction of the Missionary Com- 
 mittee. He was specially desired for the anni- 
 versary meeting in Exeter Hall, where he ap- 
 peared in Indian costume and w^as received wnth 
 loud applause. He expressed a desire for at 
 
INDIAN MISSIONAKIES. 
 
 i:{:'. 
 
 ler- 
 itcr, 
 
 jyed 
 |om- 
 Inni- 
 ap- 
 Ivitb 
 at 
 
 IcHst lialf an liour, as lu; Iwid been rlotaiiuMl three 
 months specially tor this oceasion, and because 
 never before had he seen so j;reat an assembly. 
 His recjuest bein^ readily <;ranted, \\v referred 
 to his conversion from lu'athenism fourteen 
 vears before throuijli the teachinij of the mis- 
 sionaries. Hr had supposf'd the (Jreat P>eino- 
 too far away to know anvthin<^ about him. IJut 
 when he hear<l Peter Jones, John Sunday and 
 otliers speak (jf the punishment of thr sinner 
 and the beautiful heaven prepared for tlu; 
 righteous, he womlered if a poor Chippewa 
 Indian could ever ^et there. Beiny; told he 
 could, he be^an to pray, "() Christ, have mercy 
 on me !" — about all the En<^lish he could speak, 
 and fearint;' his Chippewa would not be un(h;r- 
 stood. He felt like a [)oor deer with an arrow 
 in its heart. Hearing- Peter Jones say grace in 
 Enp^lish and afterward in Cluppewa he thought 
 surely the CJreat Being Tuust understand botli. 
 So lie went to a stable to pray. At night 
 he couM not sleep, got up, walked about and 
 prayed. Before the break of day he felt a joy 
 unspeakable. Then he desired that all his 
 people should know, and began to tell what 
 the Lord had done for him, and had kept on 
 telling ever since. He spoke of the spread of 
 the Christian religion among his people — hun- 
 dreds, thousands converted : the tomahawk and 
 scalping knife exchange<l for Bibles and hymn- 
 
 > ■ 
 
 Ik 
 
 
 \ 
 
 * ■ ' 
 
 ■'l 
 
 •1 . 
 
 f ! f 
 
 mi 
 
i:j4 
 
 MKSSENGKHS OF TlIK <;HURCHES. 
 
 
 It- 
 c 
 
 it: 
 
 I I*. 
 
 books, sonic ot" their youii^' l)raves becoming; 
 ]n'eacl)ers of the Gospel. He told of his journey 
 to the Hudson's Kay Territory, under Rev. James 
 Kvans, their outfit a eanoe, guns, ammunition, 
 a tent, €2."), and Henry Steinhauer his travelling 
 companion. They hoisted the British flag and 
 were off' to a strange land. 
 
 In wind and storm tlu-y paddled their baik 
 canoe through lakes Huron and Superior to 
 Kort William, where thciy met the Governor, 
 who greatly encouraged them. But they had 
 yet fifteen hundred miles before them. Some 
 were despondent, but one began singing praise 
 to the great Redeemer, when all took heart, 
 repaired their shattered l)ark, and in June 
 reached Norway House. They soon began to 
 show the Indians how to build houses, finishing 
 (me in a week and continuing until eleven were 
 up : then a school-lumse and chapel — a whole 
 village without any expense to the IMissionary 
 Socifttv. The Governor was astonished wiien 
 he saw the houses in the spring. A school was 
 begun and sixty scholars collected — some of 
 them married men and women. One little fel- 
 low wa;. so j)rou<l of his letters he said he could 
 spell nmu ; and when to^l to spell it began — 
 " P-i-g." But he could soon read any chapter 
 in the Bible, and so could twenty or thirty 
 others — some of them little girls. But there 
 wei'e only two spelling books for all — and none 
 
INDIAN MlSSlONAHiEs. 
 
 i:ii 
 
 to b. had. Scmio oi' the women ca.ne to seliool 
 l^nd taucrht their husbaMds at nicht Thov 
 U^med to write also, often sending letters to 
 their nticrhbors, even to borrow a pair of sois- 
 HorH. He told of the urcrent calls for more mis- 
 smnaries, so many ready to throw away the 
 tomahawk if only the Bible were given them- 
 tlie only way to stop their cruel wars, the sell- 
 in- of women for slavery, and the bloody re- 
 venge of warriors. He told of the delusions of 
 tns people, and exhibited some of their c.ods 
 He spoke of (Chiefs coming five hundred miles 
 to hear the missionaries and asking for teachers, 
 ilie hardships of their women were depicted- 
 the destruction of female infants, even by their 
 own niothers, to save them from a life of 
 humiliation and drudgery. 
 
 With expressions of gratitude from his people 
 to the Missionary Society and recpiests for 
 prayer and continued sympathy in their behalf 
 the ( anadian Indian closed an earnest and hi^dil v 
 appi\-ciated address. ^ 
 
 On ids return to Canada he resumed his 
 labors m Hmlsou's }Uy Territory ,.r»d s,,ent 
 tive years tlieiv i„ active service. 
 
 In ]84(} Rov. James Evans, the heroic leader 
 was compelled to seek relief from the wearin,/ 
 toils and struggles of his difficult position in a 
 voyage to England. While there his vigorous 
 constitution, undermined by untold hardships 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 '"J 
 
 J ;' 
 
 1 4(| 
 
 5 il 
 
 i m 
 
w 
 
 131) 
 
 MKSSE\(JEHS OK THE CEiUKCllES. 
 
 :^ 
 
 
 
 
 and exposures, broke down completely, and he 
 was called to "cease at once to woi'k and live." 
 
 Peter .Jacobs visited iMiufland aiiain in 1850, 
 and afterwards suj)plied some stations in Canada. 
 
 It is possible that his cheerl'ul spirit, his manly 
 presence, and the jj^eneral favor in which he was 
 held, together with the habits of society to which 
 Ik' was welcomed, especiall\' in Kn<;land, led him 
 into tem|)tation, be<:;ettin<^ an appetite for wine 
 which caused his separation from the Canadian 
 work and his departure to the United States. 
 
 Who can measure the responsibility of those 
 who put this stumblinij^-block before the feet of 
 "one of these httle ones" — but yesterday res- 
 cued from the wilds of heathenism ! 
 
 IlENUV H. STKINHAIEH. 
 
 On one of his visits to the United States Elder 
 Case was desired by a oenileman named Stein- 
 hauer, who had lost his son, to select an Indian 
 boy, <;ive him his name, and have him educated 
 at his expense. This is how youno- Heiuy re- 
 ceived his new name and a jiood education. 
 
 ]n KS.SO Elder Case wrote: " Heniy Stein- 
 hauer will accompajiy me to Lake Simcoe, and 
 perl.aps Allen Salt will come upas far as York." 
 
 After a vear or two at (Jlrape Island school 
 Heiny was sent to Cazenovia Seminary, New 
 York, for three years; two years he taught the 
 Credit iMission school : attended the Upper 
 

 
 
 > '.' 
 
 HENRY 13. STEIXHAUEK. 
 
,1-' 
 
 1 n.s 
 
 mi:ssi:n(;ki{s ok rnK cm kcuks. 
 
 ■■* I 
 
 h 
 
 < 
 
 c 
 
 is 
 
 m 
 
 t 
 
 ■i 
 II, 
 
 C'liiadn A('<*ul('iii3' in lcS2.">, mihI tliu next year 
 tau^lit at AMorvillc. In 1 840 the Rov. James 
 Kvaiis Helecte<l liim as one of his assistants toi- 
 Hudson Hay, and in 1842 wrote: "Henry 
 Steinljauer is a useful and indelatifj^able laborer 
 and deserves mv liiijliest connnendation. He 
 lias been uset'ullv (Uii-ao-ed at Rat Portage teacli- 
 ino- school. ' For some yts'irs he was interpreter 
 Tor Rev. W. Mason, at Lae la IMuie, until called 
 as teaelier to Norv r-y House, where he remained 
 until i8r>() In th; ir he was received as a 
 
 probationer and sent <■■ open a mission at Ox- 
 ford House, two hundred miles north-east. 
 There he labored until 1854, when he returned to 
 Norway House, and '-cined the Rev. John 
 Ryerson. From York Factory in October, they 
 
 n 
 
 < 
 
 SAILED TO KN(!1.ANI), 
 
 and arrived in Canada bv Christmas,. Stein- 
 hauer spent tlie winter visiting the missions 
 and attend int;' missionary meetin^^s initil the 
 Conference of 185'). when 
 
 HE WAS OKDAINKD. 
 
 With Rev. Thomas Woolsey he proceeded attain 
 to tile North-West. succeeding the Rev. William 
 Rundle, who some time before had left the 
 Saskatchewan and Rocky Mountain region for 
 England. Woolsey remained at Edmonton and 
 Steinhauer was sent to Lac la Biche. 
 
I 
 
 IN hi AN MISSION AKIKS. 
 
 l.SJ) 
 
 1 
 
 In IH')? he was appointtsd to Wniitc Fish Ijakc 
 wliere I'or twonty-throc years with sifjnal suf- 
 (•('8s lie C()ntiinie<l his aivhious lalxn's t'or th«' con- 
 version and civili/ati(jn oF the Cree Indians. 
 
 W hile James Evans was inventing; the syUalile 
 characters. Hciny Steinliauer, with the assistance 
 of John Sinchiir, was translatin*.? tlie Scriptures 
 into the C'ree hin<^ua<;«\ The manuscripts when 
 coniph'ted were entrusted to tlie Rev. W. Mason, 
 then goin^ to Kn^^land, t<:» hi; printed by tlie 
 Hihh* Society. Mr. Mason, who subsequently 
 left the Methodist Church for the Church of 
 England ministry, had his own name inserted 
 as the translator, and even claimed celebrity 
 as the inventor of the syllabic characters. 
 
 The winter of 18H0-.S1 Mr. Steinhauer spent 
 in Ontario, visiting the friends of his youth and 
 assisting" in missionary meetings. 
 
 Speaking of his beginnings at White Fish 
 Lake lie says : " Our party was small, only two 
 wigwams, and the inmates of these our first 
 congregation. When they wished t(j cultivate 
 the ground their first implement was a hoe, 
 made of the limb of a tree. When a ])lough 
 was obtained thev had no oxen, l)ut twelve men 
 hitched to and broke up half an acre. After 
 twenty-three years almost all the families of 
 our settlement have oxen and can plough as 
 much land as they like. . . . Journeyings have 
 
 } 
 
 
 .;j 
 
 m 
 

 140 
 
 MESSKNCJKUS OF THE (. HI KCllES. 
 
 
 c 
 
 4. 
 
 «: ' 
 
 
 been in all directions of the Saskatchewan 
 country and on the plains, amid dan<^ers among 
 the savage lieathen, thirsting for human blood — 
 not infrequently nieeting them on the warpath. 
 When the Crees were out on a buffalo hunt the 
 Black feet were lurkiuix about. As the Sabbath 
 services were closing the cry was raised, 'The 
 Blackfeet are coming!' Presently a hundred 
 guns were shouhh'red. The enemy fled, but was 
 pursued twenty or thirty miles. Not a Cree 
 was killed and only one wounded." Anothei* 
 Sabbath morning they had a similar encounter. 
 March ISth, LS84, iMr. Steinhauer wrote : " All 
 is well with the sevc al d^'partments of our work 
 at White Fish Lake. Most of our young people 
 have Joined vrith us in church fellowship ; our 
 old members are greatly encouraged. We hope 
 and pray for better days than we have yet soen. 
 This good work may be partly attributed to one 
 young man who has had the privilege of spend- 
 injj some years in a Christian land " — his own 
 son, Egerton. "Our two day schools and the 
 Sabbath School are largely attended. The}^ 
 read the Word of God in English, also in their 
 own language by means of the syllabic charac- 
 ters. We are using ever^^ means that we may 
 prove that 'godliness is profitable unto all 
 things.' Many have been translated to the 
 better land. Those who are left are expecting 
 to arrive at that good land. Temporally they 
 
m 
 
 •si 
 
 INDIAN MISSIONARIES. 
 
 141 
 
 are comparatively coriifortaV^le. No complain- 
 in(j, not much sickness, peace and quietn<!ss. 
 Tiie ave a<;e attfiulance in our day schools is 
 forty, and in th(^ Sabbath School fifty -five. 
 Members, one hundred and twenty-two, and at 
 Saddle Lake ten. The In»lians have been poorer 
 and poorer ever since they ceded their country 
 to the white man. They get little fur, and that 
 little is taken away by ti>e traders, who run 
 after the Indians and jjjet what they kill before 
 they can brin<]f it to the village. We will hardly 
 be able to subscribe forty dollars missionary 
 money, and that in barley, cord wood and work. 
 The poor people do this rather than give notliing. 
 The old building which has served for church 
 and school needs repairing, also the house. Logs 
 are collected for a school-house at Good Fish 
 Lake." 
 
 Almost the next word we have from White 
 Fish Lake is a letter from James A. Voumans, 
 telling of the death of the devoted Stcnnhauer : 
 "On Sunday, ]3ecember J 4th, l8cS4, he preached 
 morning and evening — his last public service. 
 In a few davs he be<j:an to feel the effects of a 
 cold. Egerton preaclied on the 21.st and 28th. 
 His father had been confined to his room since 
 Christmas, but nothing serious w^as apprehended 
 until the 28th. His mind had been wandering, 
 and near midnight he asked his family to sing 
 The Gates Ajar,' and joined in the singing, 
 after which he pxhortod them m11 to follow hiui 
 
 
 
 'i/ 
 
 ;i 
 
 .,4] 
 
142 
 
 mess1':n«;i;k.s «m ink < hi Krni.s. 
 
 ( r 
 
 MS he liiid l\)ll«>\v«»<l Clirist llr'li(>m><I liis son 
 mii;ld st(^|) into his shoes. Hr i;;v\(> his part in 
 counsrl to o;\c]\ nn^nihrr ol' (he r.'nnily |»r«'s('nl. 
 Mr wMs r«>sth>ss until sootlu»<l hy :\\\ opialc. At 
 noon he wms snecohh'ss Mn<l ;it. si\ ^)\'lork p.m. 
 i)ui(>tly hroMtluMl his l.ist \Vr joinrd in sinoini; 
 The (5m1os AJMr." Mn»l the ('hit'!' led in pi'.'»y«'r 
 It soimucmI like iH^joicini; ovrr \\\v trinnipluil 
 (Mitiy ol" our K.UlnT Stcinhnucr into n^loi y " 
 
 it is a iirt>at satistaction to know tliat th«> last 
 anxietv <>1 ll»«> xcMU'iahic niissionarv n^i'Mnlini' 
 his work has Ihmmj I'ully mot by not only our 
 hut two s«>ns (»nt(M*inj^ into his lahors. 
 
 At'tiM' tho North-Wt'st r»>lH^llion w«' had the 
 othoi.il tostiniony ol' the Suporin(on«hMit ol' In- 
 dian AtVairs in r<'l'ort»n('o to (ho lovaltv nl' many 
 Indian thiol's. " Chiol' Toooan. ol" Whito Fish 
 Lako. (h^sorvos spooial nuMition." Whon iUv 
 ( Miiof was askod why ho \\iu\ noi ioinod Hijj" 
 l^(\ar \\c answoroih " It was (ho (('aohinj;' ol' our 
 missionarv, lltMirv S(oinhauor" a Lrratidoation 
 to our potiplo pMiorally. and ospocially to his 
 thon survivini: i'ollow-lahon^r, Thomas Woolsi^y. 
 who sharod in tho oponin«>- ol' Whit«» Fish Lako 
 mission. 
 
 Wo niucli roi^rot tho paucity of matorial avail- 
 able for a more complete epitome of the life and 
 labors of Mr. Steinhauer. who is deservedly held 
 in remembrance as a moilel missionary, and 
 trust the lack will be supplied by some i^ye- 
 witn»'ss ol his toils and trinm}>hs. 
 
It 
 
 ANN lIASSI'l/riNI'; H DSON. 
 
 A 
 
 liii niiiili . 
 
 I7.S0-ISL>(J 
 KKW i)r(3t"at,()rv woi'cis rciTHi'dini: 
 
 THE HEV. ADONIKAM .M'DSON D.l).. 
 
 may serve as a fitting introduction to his de- 
 voted wife. He was the eldest son of the Rev. 
 Adoniram Jiidson, Congre<rational minister, anf) 
 was born in Maiden, Massachusetts. Au^nist !)tli. 
 
 I y.\ 
 

 ^1 I: 
 
 ii 
 
 *> ' 
 
 ;t' 
 
 i '■ 
 I 
 
 Y 
 
 «; 'I 
 
 144 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 178(S. Early indications of mental abilities were 
 followed by his honor j^raduation in 1 807. He 
 was at that time inclined to be sceptical, but 
 the sudden death of one of his companions led 
 him to abandon erroneous notions. For a time 
 he tauf^ht school, then entered the Theological 
 Seminary, Andover, and on the 28th of 3Iay, 
 1809, united with the Third Congregational 
 Church in Plymouth, of which his father was 
 pastor. With Nott, Newell, Hall and other 
 students he examined the claims of mission 
 work, and several of them offered to go out as 
 missionaries. Their proposal led to the forma- 
 tion of a foreign missionary society by which 
 Messrs. Judson, Nott, Newell and Hall were 
 appointed missionaries to Asia. 
 
 Attending an academy at Bradford, Massa- 
 chusetts, were two young ladies, Ann Hasseltine 
 and Harriet Atwood, little thinking of the 
 work awaiting them. 
 
 xMISS HASSELTINE 
 
 was born in Bradford, December 22nd, 1789. Her 
 amiable qualities made her a general favorite, 
 and she found gratification in the ordinary pleas- 
 ures of the world, until, stricken by conscience, 
 she suddenly changed, sought the true joys of 
 religion, and on September 14th, 1806, unittd 
 with the Congregational Church, Bradford. 
 She taught in Salem, Haverhill and Newbury, 
 
ANN HASSEMINE JUDSOS. 145 
 
 openin. her school with prnycr and ondoavori,,. 
 
 to .mpress the i,„po,-ta„ee of rehVion ° 
 
 W luie visit,-,,. li.-.idro,vl, i.UMO, Mr.Ju.lson 
 
 beca.„e ac.,uaintej with Mis. Hasseltin ^ 
 
 wheup,.epan,,,. fo..I,,,lia,.,,a,lehe>-a„oH' of 
 
 nan.,a^, whiel, atW a„xio,..s,y eou,.tin : t,:^ 
 cost, she accepted. 
 
 On the oth of Februarv isio fi,. 
 
 ried, and a week later, on the brig Caravan, 
 
 EMBARKED FOIl CALCUTTA. 
 
 md Sir Newell, and together they .ailed for 
 their distant nn-.ssion, arrivin- it r.,l..,f. 
 the 1 8th of June. '^'"o "'t Calcutta on 
 
 In their passage out the subject of baptism 
 ee,ved careful consideration, resuiti,,. '^^ ^ 
 change of their views, a dissolution ol thei 
 
 Church ;"bse,,uent union with the Baptis 
 Church. The kast India Co.npany objected to 
 he.r com,ng, and gave o.-de.-s for'^the r etui 
 to Amenca. Instead they obtained pc^'^ 
 to enter the Isle of France, but failin! to ecr 
 a passage they were ordered to England. AfW 
 
 ing the Isle of France. Mr, and M,s \ewell 
 
 werethefirsttoarrive;andwhenMr.and 
 Joclson came, a couple of months later their 
 first news was the sudden death of .Airs. Ne e 
 
 f 
 
 ;> 
 
 li 
 
 Ifj 
 
I- ^ 
 
 1^' 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 )■ I 
 
 ii(i 
 
 messkn(;ki{s or rm: cm :k(hi:s. 
 
 Mt*. Kico had ictunnMl to AinrricM,. Mrs. .ludson 
 was ill and tho ])r<>sp«'('ts dark. 
 
 In May, iSI'i, tlioy hd't lor M.idi-.is, .uid 
 ovontuMlly found passM<;(» to Hin'mah and l.-indt'd 
 at l^'inii'ooM, one oi" the prinei|)Ml ports. 
 
 THK HUKM.W KMIMHK 
 
 thon (^nd)rM(M'd ji lar;;;*' part ol' cast-n-n India, 
 witli a ])o]Milation ostiinatt'd at six or <;iL:;ht mil- 
 lions. 'I'licir products wore rice, cotton, wheat, 
 millot, pulso, odihle roots and tropical fruits. 
 As domestic animals they liad Itutlalo, cattle, 
 liorses and jjjoats: in their forests, the ele])hant, 
 rhinoceros, ti<j^er and deer. CSIold, silver, tin, 
 sapphires, emeralds, ruhies, ambers, ' sulphur, 
 arsenic, antimony, coal and petrolemn were 
 abundant. Tlieir connneice was in raw mate- 
 rial, manufactures beinF verv limited. The 
 «;;overnment was despotic — the King supreme, 
 appointing his own council, witli governors, 
 and deputies in the several provinces. Taxes 
 and contributions were exorbitant. 
 
 The religion was Buddhism, five ])recepts of 
 which w^ere : 1. Thou shalt not kill. 2. Thou 
 shalt not steal. Ji. Thou shalt not commit adul- 
 tery. 4. Thou shalt not lie. 5. Thou shalt not 
 drink intoxicating liquors. Transmigration to 
 a better state w^as secured by obedience to these. 
 
 The tirst work of the missionaries was to 
 learn the language. Mr. Jud.son secured a 
 
\\\ UASSKT-TIN'K .FITDSON. 
 
 u: 
 
 10 
 
 •s, 
 
 tes 
 
 of 
 
 to 
 
 t«')icln'r. Mrs. ,Iu<ls()n writ(»H: "As I .'iiii frr- 
 (|HnntIy oljliu^cd to s|)(Nik liurnu'Si; all day, 1 
 can talk and understand others better than Mr. 
 .ludson." 
 
 They \V(^re visited by tin.' new \'i(!<!r(>y, and 
 asked to ( lovernnient House. Tlie lack oi' 
 (yhristian IViendH was sorely felt; hut, lookin;^ 
 U|)<m the condition of all ai'ound them, they 
 were thankful. After tlie first year Mrs. »Iud- 
 son's health was ver^ poor, and in .January, 
 LSI'), she visi.t(Ml Madras, niturnin;^ much im- 
 proved. Severe affliction catne in the death of 
 their first-born, when ei«^ht njontlis old. Mr. 
 Judson's health suffered from too dose sturly. 
 A grammar he prepared was highly spoken of. 
 In 1816 Mr. and Mrs. Hough arrived with a 
 printin<»- press — a joyful comin;^- to tlie pionecu* 
 sowers, waiting long for signs of harvest. The 
 first really anxious intpiirer at hmgth appiiared, a 
 respectal)le Burman, in 1817, asking, " How long 
 will it take me to learn the relii^ion of Jesus :*' 
 After earnest conversation about the " Hook," 
 and receiving a few chapters of Mattliew, lie 
 left as with great treasure. Mrs. Ju<lson was 
 teaching the children and conversing with 
 groups of women. In December, 1817, Mr- 
 Judson's health demanded a change. Failing 
 to reach his intended destination, he was car- 
 ried to Madras, and detained until July, Mrs. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 * 
 
 1 
 
 •) 
 
 ?|i| 
 
!":! 
 
 148 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHCJRCHES. 
 
 :|1 
 
 I ■ 
 
 : I 
 
 1^ 
 
 Judsoii receiving no word of him for four 
 months. Suddenly can order was received by 
 Mr. Hough to appear in court. The rumor 
 spread that all foreigners were to be banished. 
 A new Viceroy had been appointed, and Mr. 
 Hough was kept several <lays: then released 
 oidy through Mrs. Judson's persistent efforts. 
 
 Soon she wrote : " This mission seems now 
 entirely destroyed, as we all expect to embark 
 for Bengal in a day or two. Alas, how changed 
 our prospects since Mr. Judson left us!" Mr. 
 and Mrs. Hough embarked, but Mrs. Judson, 
 though aboard the vessel and her passage paid, 
 resolved to remain at Rangoon. Mr. Judson 
 unexpectedly a,rrived. " How you will rejoice, 
 my dear parentis when I tell you that I have 
 this moment hcM.rd that Mr. Judson is at the 
 mouth of the river. Now I feel ashamed of my 
 repining:^." 
 
 Mr. Judson proposed erecting a zayat or 
 chapel, being able to speak the language. It was 
 opened in April, 1819, with an attendance of 
 fifteen. There were apart'.iients for men, women, 
 and a school. In addition to the Burmese, Mrs. 
 Judson had acquired the Siamese language, 
 and was able greatly to assist her husband in 
 translating. 
 
 THE URST CONVERT TO CHKISTIANITY 
 
 w.is Monng Nan, '.>'ho came as an inrjuiror to 
 
Cri 
 
 A-V.N HASSELTINE .KJDSOX. 14., 
 
 the zayat in April, 1819, and in a few weeks 
 made a public profession of his faith in Jesus. 
 Ma„„v others asked for tracts and portions of 
 Scripture. They wore an.xious for the conver- 
 sion of the En.peror, fearing his opposition. 80 
 general did this fear beco.ne that the zayat wa.s 
 ahnost forsaken. I„ the hope of securing the 
 anctmn of the En,peror, Messrs. Judson and 
 _ol,„a„ mad. a visit to the Capital, taking with 
 them Moung Nan. Their old friend, the forme- 
 Viceroy at Rangoon, received them kindly at 
 Aya. By officers of state they were conducted 
 -nto a magnih-cent hall, where His Maje-tv re- 
 cen-ed then,, hear,) their petition, and exa.nined 
 thejr present-a copy of the Bible. To their 
 petition he had no answer and no use for the 
 sacr.d Book. 
 
 With no sign of imperial favor they returned 
 
 and were ci.eered on finding the new converts 
 holding J,,, Mr ^^^^ ^j^.^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ 
 
 Ch.ttagong, wh.re in 1822 Mr. Colman died 
 By July, 1,S20, Mr. Jud.son haa mastered the 
 lajuage, prmted a gramn.ar, dictionary, tracts 
 and hc.pture portions. Ten converts had been 
 baptized. For .h.ir health the missionaries 
 made a .short visit to Sera.npo.e, and received a 
 joyful greeting on their return. Mrs. Judson 
 opened a school, which was attended by ehq. 
 'Iren, converts and others. Bright prospers 
 
 I, 
 
'v' 
 
 ! a iill 
 I , "v I,' 
 
 :' 
 
 160 
 
 MESSENGEkS Ob" THE CHURCHES. 
 
 ^ ri 
 
 * ■ 
 
 
 li* 5 j', !• 
 
 ' «!;■■ 
 
 ■' f 
 
 I 
 
 fl. 
 
 were soon clouded. Both Mr. and Mrs. Judson 
 suffered much from illness, and for Mrs. Judson a 
 
 TRIP TO AMERICA 
 
 seemed the only hope. Meeting a favorable 
 opportunity, she sailed for England, and wrote : 
 " If the pain in my side is entirely removed on 
 my passage to Europe, I shall return to mdia in 
 the same ship : but if not, shall spend one win- 
 ter in my dear native land." 
 
 She was very kindly received in England and 
 Scotland. Generous friends provided for her 
 voyage to the United States in August, 1822. 
 In a few weeks she was once again in her old 
 home, Bradford. But her health demanded a 
 milder air, and she spent the winter in Balti- 
 more, wrote a " History of the Burman Mission, ' 
 and returned in the spring. With the Rev. J. 
 Wade and his wife she 
 
 SAILED FROM ROSTON 
 
 on the 21st of June, arrived at Calcutta October 
 l})th, and was again in Rangoon. 
 
 In the meantime Messrs. Judson and Price 
 had visited Ava, and secured a site for a zayat. 
 Thither Mr. and Mrs. Judson removed- and built 
 a small house on a piece of land granted by the 
 Emperor. Their frail house proved a poor pro- 
 tection from the heat of a hundred degrees, but 
 
ANN HASSELTINE JUDSOX. 
 
 I ") I 
 
 they were soon Iiopefully at work in zayat and 
 school. 
 
 In 182* war broke out betw 
 
 een 
 
 i:S(ihA}sD AND BURMAH. 
 
 AH foreigners were immediately under suspi- 
 cion. The King had removed "^to Amarapora, 
 into his new palace amid great demonstrations. ' 
 The missionaries, being Americans, went on 
 with their work. On the 23rd of May reports 
 came of tlie taking of Rangoon by the British. 
 Foreigners were arrested and examined as spies. 
 On the 8th of June Mr. Judson was seized 
 bound and hurried off to prison, despite his 
 wife's tears and entreaties. She also was placed 
 under a guard of ruffians, and her little Burman 
 girls bound. "My unprotected, desolate state, 
 my entire uncertainty of the fate of Mr. Judson. 
 and the dreadful language of the guard made' 
 for me a most distressing night." Next morning 
 she learned that all the foreigners were in the 
 death prison, each with three pairs of fetters. 
 Her pleadings were unavailing, and another 
 niglit of anguish came on. The third day, secur- 
 ing an order, she was permitted to see her hus- 
 band, by offering large rewards, but was (juickly 
 ordered away. Their goods were seized. A 
 petition to the Queen brought only—" The teach- 
 ers will not die; let them remain as ihey are." 
 For mouths she was annoyed by the demands 
 
 * *■ 
 
 II ' 
 
152 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 ( rll-) , 
 
 i . 
 
 h 
 
 of petty officers, but no release for Mr. Judson. 
 " Oh, how nuiiiy times liave I returned from 
 that dreary prison at nine o'clock at nitrht, worn 
 out with fatigue a^d anxiety !" For a year and 
 a half she struggled, fearing a violent death for 
 her husband and slavery for herself. Fresh 
 troops were being raised incessantly, only to be 
 cut off". Their great general, Bandoola, event- 
 ually sent in three hundred prisoners, as evi- 
 dence of victory. He became the idol of the 
 empire. The King trusted him to redeem the 
 fortunes of Rangoon. Mrs. Judson sou;jht his 
 help, and he promised it " when he had expelled 
 the English." Gaining permission for a bamboo 
 tent within the prison inclosure, for a couple of 
 months she spent some hours daily near her 
 husband. But Bandoola was defeated, and the 
 prisoners were ordered into the inner prison, 
 each with five pairs of fetters. 
 
 With her lictle Maria, two months old, she 
 hastened to the Governor, but in vain : and to 
 the prison, but was forbidden to enter. She 
 learned that tlie Governor had refused to exe- 
 cute an order re(iuiring the w^hite prisoners to 
 be put to death. A hundred of them were shut 
 in a close room ; the hot season was coming on. 
 Woid came that the invincible Bandoola had 
 been cut ott". Faken Woon oti'ei-ed to take his 
 place, raise an army and drive out the English. 
 His otler was accepted. Mr. Judson was dan- 
 
 
ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 
 
 15;3 
 
 gerously ill with fever, and Mrs. Judson secured 
 his removal to a little bamboo hovel, where, 
 amid many hindrances, slie ministered to him.' 
 She was sent for by the Governor, and, on her 
 return, found that the prisoners had been sent 
 to Amarapora. Her appeals were answered by 
 the alarmin<( words : 
 
 "TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF: " 
 
 Leavincr some trunks in the care of the Gov- 
 ernor, the next morning, with her infant, two of 
 her Burman girls and the cook, she started in 
 pursuit— most of the way by boat, then two 
 miles in a cart, under a burning sun, and reached 
 the court-house, only to find that the prisoners 
 had been sent four miles farther, to Oung-pen-la 
 There she found them, chained in couples and 
 almost dead from fatigue. " Have you come ^ " 
 said Mr. Judson. Mrs. Judson had neither food 
 nor sh.dter for her little company, but secured 
 part of a small room, where, worn out with 
 grief and toil, they sought rest. 
 
 The next day fro.n Mr. Judson she learned 
 that with a rope around his waist he had been 
 dragged to the court-house, where the prisoners 
 were tied in couples, and driven by slaves in the 
 intolerable heat and burning sands, expecting to 
 be offered as sacrifices at Oung-pen-Ia. Mrs. 
 Judson was without an article of comfort in 
 the filthy cabin, and had the greatest difficulty 
 
 
 aM 
 
i:>4 
 
 MKSSKN(iEK8 OK IHE CHURCH KS. 
 
 m! 
 
 Mi; 
 
 ■ t '• J' 
 
 
 i 
 
 .1 J 
 
 lis 
 
 if: 
 
 n 
 hi 
 
 in obtainint^ food. That very day one of her 
 little Burnian ^irls broke out with sniall-pox. 
 Neither medicine nor assistance could be had. 
 She tried to protect the others by vaccination, 
 but little Maria was soon taken, and for three 
 months required the utmost care. Some im- 
 })rovement was made in the condition of the 
 prisoners, and Mr. Judson's health (jjained sh)wl3\ 
 Mrs. Judson was compelled to make a journey 
 to Ava for food and medicine, part of the way 
 by ox-cart, in the rainy season and deep mud, 
 returning utterly exhausted, and for two months 
 unabhi to leave her little hovel. For her child 
 not a drop of milk could be procured, save as 
 Mr. Judson was allowed to carry her to nursing 
 mothers. Their experience during six months 
 she declares was " beyond description." Paken 
 VVoon, who had planned and intended to witness 
 the sacrificing of the prisoners, was himself exe- 
 cuted on suspicion of treason. After long wait- 
 ing Mr. Judson was released, and they returned 
 to Ava. But scarcely were they home an hour, 
 when he was ordered to JVlaloun, as interpreter. 
 I^y fatigue and exposure he was thrown into a 
 fever. IMrs. Judson was seized with spotted 
 fever, a»id little chance of recovery. In her 
 delirium Dr. Price arrived from prison. A 
 month afterwards, when her reason and her 
 health seemed returning, she heard of Mr. Jud- 
 son's coming, but as a prisoner and to return to 
 
ANN HASSELTINE .lUDSON. 
 
 155 
 
 
 Oun^'-pen-la. "1 could not rise from my couch, 
 1 could make no efforts to secure my husband, 
 I could only plead with Him who said, ' C^all 
 upon me in the day of trouble.' " Through a 
 friend and a petition his release was granted. 
 
 By the advance of the English army the Capi- 
 tal was in great alarm. Thinking it an easy 
 matter to ilrive out the invaders, all overtures 
 ha<l been rejected. Mr. Judson, Dr. Price and 
 some captured officers w^ere daily consulted, and 
 two of them sent as an embassy to Sir Archibald 
 Campbell regarding terms of peace. The British 
 general w^ould not change the conditions, and 
 autliorized Dr. Price to demand the release of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Judson. " They are not English, 
 and shall not go," replied the King. At the first 
 onset the Burmese army was scattered, and the 
 English advanced. Finally the money demanded 
 was raised, the prisoners were released, and 
 sailed down the Irrawaddy with joy unspeak- 
 able. They were received by the British officers, 
 and " no persons on earth were happier than we 
 during the fortnight we spent in the British 
 camp." Peace was concluded, and they returned 
 to their mission home in Rangoon. "Two years 
 of precious time have been lost, unless some 
 future advantage result fi'om the severe disci- 
 pline. Our prospects now seem bright." The 
 missionaries were still intent upon the salvation 
 of those from whom they had suffered so much. 
 
■ i 
 
 t 
 
 ii 
 
 ( .1' 
 
 ■ !'■ 
 
 1^1 
 
 51! 
 
 
 H 
 
 ^1 if 
 
 n 
 
 150 
 
 MESSENGERS OK THE CHURCHES. 
 
 They removed to Amherst, and Mr. Judson was 
 invited to accompany the embassy to Ava, for 
 the completion of the treaty, and went, in the 
 hope of securing relio-ious toleration. 
 
 Mrs. Jud.son wrote him, September 14th : " I 
 have this day moved into the new house. If 
 you were here I should feel (juite liappy. 
 Mounf( In^r's school has couimenced, with ten 
 scholars. Poor little Maria is still very feeble." 
 
 On the 18tli of October Cap'ain Fen wick 
 wrote ]\Ir. Judson : " I can hardly think it right 
 to tell you that Mrs. Judson has had an attack 
 of fever, occasioned by too close attendance on 
 the child. She had no fever last night, so that 
 the intermission is now complete." 
 
 Another letter, October 26th, bore sad tidings. 
 " On the 20tli an unfavorable chanofe set in, and 
 though everything possible was done by Euro- 
 pean physicians and nurses, the disease baffled 
 all their skill. On the morning of the 23rd 
 Mrs. Judson spoke for the last time; then lay 
 nearly motionless and apparently insensible 
 until eiiifht in the evenino; of the 24-th, when she 
 expired. Her funeral was attended by all the 
 European otHcers there." It was a month before 
 Mr. Juds n could reach his desolate home. Then 
 he wrote : " I am sitting in the house she built, 
 in the room where she breathed her last, and 
 from the window I see the tree at the head of 
 her grave. Mrs. Wade has taken charge of my 
 
AN'X HASSELTIXE .ITDSOX. 
 
 lo7 
 
 poor motherless Maria." He was told of her 
 anxiety for his coming. 'Tell him 1 couM not 
 write, how I suffered and died-all that you see 
 —and take care of the house and all until he 
 returns "-then ^rave her little Maria in chai-o 
 to the nurse. Her last words were: "I \-Z\ 
 quite well, only very weak." The phv-sieian 
 considered the fatal termination due to the 
 weakness of her constitution throucrh severe 
 sufferings and privations. In a few months 
 httle feeble Maria was sleeping beside her 
 mother, under the 'Hope" tree. "Together I 
 trust they are rejoicing. My dear family I have 
 buried-one in Rangoon and two in Amherst 
 What rem^ains for me but to hoM myself i„ 
 readiness to follow the dear departed to that 
 blessed world — 
 
 Where my best friends, my kindred dwdl, 
 Where God, my Saviour, rei^rns.'" 
 
 In these deserts let me labor. 
 On these mountains let me tell 
 
 How He died—the blessed Saviour- 
 To redeem the world from hell. 
 
 — A. Jin/.son. 
 
 
 iiiii 
 
if' 1^' 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 } i 
 
 ! 
 
 ." 
 
 iV 
 
 , !1 
 
 
 SARAH H. JUDSON. 
 
 lS0r}-!845. 
 
 SARAH B. HALL was born November 4th, 
 1808, at Alstead, New Hampshire. Hei- 
 early years were marked by industry and perse- 
 verance. At tlie age of sixteen she was teacli- 
 ing a small school. In her seventeenth year she 
 made a public profession of religion. In 1822 
 she became the wife of Mr. George Boardman, 
 who had volunteered to fill the vacancy in 
 Burmah caused by the death of Mr. Colman. 
 It was not easy for her parents to consent to 
 her going so far. When in the coach she said, 
 " Say, Father, that you are willing I should go." 
 " Yes, my child, I am willing." But her mother 
 could only say, " I hope I am willing." " Now 
 I can go joyfully," and she was away. 
 
 ; 3 
 
 THEY SAILED JULY 16Tn, 1825, 
 
 and arrived at Calcutta December 2nd. War 
 had broken out afresh between Britain and 
 Burmah, causing a suspension of missionary 
 work, and they remained a year in Calcutta. 
 Their <iotention was turned to good account in 
 
 158 
 
SARAH B. .II:DS()\. 
 
 1.59 
 
 loarning the lanc:(uacre. I,, 1827 Mrs. Boardma». 
 ^vl•ote : " I am blest witli .^xcelhrnt health, a most 
 affectionate husband a lovely dau^rhter— every- 
 thincr to make me happy." 
 
 In April, 1827, they entered upon their work- 
 in Amherst. Mrs. Boardman was soon attacked 
 by severe diness, and had to be carried on n 
 litter as they removed to Maulmain. Their new 
 home was a lonely spot, exposed to wild animals 
 and savage men, to whom Mrs. Hcmrdman's fair 
 «kin was a curiosity and their home a tempta- 
 tion. On the fourth nicrht it was entered while 
 they slept, and almos* everv article of value 
 taken. In 1828 they removed to Tavoy, where 
 they began a school for boys and another for 
 girls. With four boarding scholars Mrs. Board- 
 man was kept busy. A convert, instructed by 
 Dr. Judson, was baptized and carried the Gospel 
 to his people, the Karens. Many of them came 
 tor instruction and returned with portions of 
 Scripture. After four months' illness Mrs 
 Boardman, with her two children, was left with 
 the natives, while Mr. Boardman, rallying from 
 a severe attack of pulmonary disease, s1:arted 
 for a tour among the Karens, who received him 
 gladly. A short trip proved helpful to Mrs 
 Boardman. Severe affliction came quickly— 
 the death of their first-born, two years and 
 eight months of age. " Oh, with what feelinrrs 
 did T wnsh and dross hoy lov^Jv ff>rm for the 
 
 h: '■ 
 
 sli 
 
 1 
 
i\ 
 
 160 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 
 IK}'. 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^ .. : 
 
 . ;? 
 
 last time and compose her little limbs ! then see 
 her borne away to her newly-made grave. It 
 never once occurred to me, all the time my child 
 was with me, that she could die ; she seemed so 
 full of life and health." 
 Unexpectedly 
 
 THE CRY OF REVOLT 
 
 was heard through the province of Tavoy, and 
 before daybreak bullets were whistling through 
 the mission house. The inmates fled and their 
 house was plundered. The rebels were soon 
 overcome by the British and their leaders exe- 
 cuted. Mrs. Boardman with her boy ha<l escaped 
 to Maulmain. but the shock was too great for 
 her, and amid all the dangers a second son was 
 born but soon to rest with his sister. ♦ 
 
 Mr. Boardman's malady so increased that he 
 
 had little hone of much further work. His 
 
 1. 
 
 wife's condition also was becoming alarming. 
 In November they returned to Tavoy and their 
 Karens rejoiced. The feeble missionary was 
 compelled to sit or lie on his couch instructing 
 and examining candidates. Nineteen were bap- 
 tized by Moung Ing. Mr. Boardman assisted in 
 passing the emblems of the Saviour's death. 
 Within two months fifty-seven received bap- 
 tism. Another visit was made to the Karens in 
 their mountain retreat, where they had built a 
 chapel. But the missionary's strength \vas fail- 
 
SARAH B. JUDSON. 
 
 161 
 
 infj fast. To Mr. and Mrs. Mason he tenderly 
 commended his wife and child; told his Karens, 
 " The Lord is calling me away ; J shall soon 
 be inconceivably happy in heaven," and before 
 he could reach his earthly home was called to 
 the heavenly. Mrs. Boardman, though feeling 
 strongly the drawings of home and native land, 
 determined to remain and continue the work 
 from which her husband had been so early 
 called. The claims of Karen and Burman con- 
 verts, the schools, inquirers, and the perishing 
 around forbade her leaving. She 
 
 REOPENED HER SCHOOLS, 
 
 gathered the women, and courageously bore the 
 cross. Government patronage of the schools 
 seemed likely to be withdrawn, but correspon- 
 dence resulted in larger liberty and appropria- 
 tions for other schools '* to be conducted on the 
 plan of Mrs. Boardman's." Thus for three years 
 she zealously labored when Dr. Judson, who 
 had long felt his need of just such a co-worker, 
 sought and gained her hand in marriage, April 
 10th, 1834. 
 
 The church in Maulmain had grown to a 
 hundred members, and the numerous duties of 
 wife and mother, teacher and visitor overtaxed 
 her strength. Her old malady returned with 
 thr itening violence. Dr. Judson gently lifted 
 
 her from bed to couch, while her little George 
 n 
 
 t 
 
'■■1 'I 
 .i1 
 
 M 
 
 
 \6'2 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 
 If 
 
 
 read to h«r tlic Bible, repeated liyiniis, and 
 offered liis childdike prayei-s. Af^aiii her health 
 returned. She translated Hunyan, tracts, LilV; 
 of Christ and the New Testament. It was 
 thouf^ht best to send her son to America. ' \ 
 cannot ))ut hope that he will one day return a 
 missionary of the Cross, as Ids dear father was." 
 
 After five ^^ears of happy and successful work 
 to;,{ether Mr. Judsor was tak^n seriously ill, and 
 in February, 18.';), made a trip to Calcutta, vc- 
 lurniu*;' somewhat ))ettei'. The next year was 
 one of nnich atthctiou to Mrs. Jud.son and her 
 children. A voya<^e to Calcutta seenied helpful, 
 but the climate of Ben<^al caused a relapse. At 
 Serampore the yount^est son, Henry, died; an- 
 other was very ill, and they left for the Isle of 
 France, returnin<,^ home in Novend)er. Mrs. 
 Judson's illness became alarnnng, and, in April, 
 1845, they embarked for England, leavin;^ the 
 three younger children with friends and tak inu- 
 tile three elder with them. 
 
 On the 5th of July they I'eachetl the Isle of 
 France, and Mrs. Judson was so much bettei- 
 that it was thoufijht best for Mr. Judsoii to 
 return. In the prospect of partini^ she, wrote: 
 
 We part on this green islet, Love ; 
 
 Thou for the Eastern main, 
 f for the setting sun, Love — 
 
 <^)1i, wlion to meet auaiii ' 
 
SARAH B. JUDSOX. 
 
 IG.'J 
 
 " My tears fall fast for thee, Love- 
 How can I say farewell i 
 Hut ^o ; thy God be with thee, Love, 
 Thy heart's deep grief to (|uell ! 
 
 " Vet my spirit clings to thine, Love, 
 Thy soul remains with me ; 
 And oft we'll hold communion sweet 
 O'er the dark and distant sea. 
 
 " Then gird thine armor on, Love, 
 Nor faint thou hy the way, 
 Till the B.MHlh shall fall and Jiurmah's sons 
 Shall own Messiah's sway." 
 
 In a few clays Mrs. Judson vas again so ill 
 that her husband could not leave. Thinking of 
 her home, her parents, her son and friends of 
 her youth, she said, " I am in a strait lietvvixt 
 two— let the will of Uod he done." She resigned 
 her children, but saying, " Can a mother forget ^ " 
 As they drew near St. Helena, August 'l^Lst, 
 she was sinknig fast. She took leave of her 
 children, spoke a few words to Mr. Judson of 
 the love of Christ, and with a parting kiss closerl 
 her eyes and ceased to breathe. She was l)(,rne 
 ashore, met hy friends, and buried beside a 
 former missionary, Mrs. Chater, of Ceylon, who 
 had died similarly. Mr. Judson, with the threv 
 children, proceeded to the United States. He 
 very much regretted not having her portrait. 
 " Her soft, blue eyes, her mild aspect, her lovely 
 face and elegant form have never been deline- 
 iii/'A on canvHH." 
 
 If 
 
 'II 
 III, 
 
h 
 
 ; .'t 
 
 HMILV C. JUDSUN. 
 
 hii ninth. 
 
 1818-1854. 
 
 E;;iMlLV CHIIBBUCK was born at Eaton, 
 ^ New York, in 1818. Blest with early 
 home instruction, she united with the Baptist 
 Churcli wlion fourteen years of age. She re- 
 eoived a o^ood education and tauo;ht in a Ladies 
 Seiiiinary, Utica, New York. For several publi- 
 cations she wrote articles over the pseudonyme 
 
 164 
 
EMILV C. .JUDSOX. 
 
 ]ih) 
 
 
 "Fanny Foiiester." These were suUseiiuentiy 
 published in two volumes and thirty-three thou- 
 sand copies sold. She also wrote " Charles Linn," 
 " The Great Secret," " Allen Lucas," etc. 
 
 The winter of 1845-46 she was spendin<r i,, 
 Philadelphia. Dr. Judson was also visitino- 
 there; and at the home of Rev. Dr. Gillett'^ 
 met the distino-uished authoress. In .June, 
 1846, they were married and 
 
 SAILED FOR INDIA, 
 
 reaching Maulmain in November, and Rangoon 
 in February, 1847. The youngest of the three 
 children left in India had gone to join his 
 mother. The others were well. 
 
 Amid many new duties Mrs. Judson found 
 time to write sketches of her new home and 
 missionary life. During the year all the family 
 suffered from sickness. In December a little 
 girl, Emily Frances, was added to their number. 
 
 *■ 1 
 
 n, 
 
 St 
 
 e- 
 es 
 1- 
 le 
 
 'MY BIRD. 
 
 " Eru last year's uiooii hud left tiie sky 
 A biidliiig sought my Iiulian nest. 
 And folded, oh, so lovingly. 
 
 Her tiny wings upon my l>reast. 
 
 ' • • • . 
 
 " A silent awe is in my room - 
 1 tremble with delicious fear ; 
 The future with its light and gloom 
 Time and eternity are here." 
 
( 
 
 U)f; 
 
 .\IESSK\<JERS OI TMK OMr'RCllES. 
 
 >» ■ 
 i 
 
 IV' ^^ 
 ( 
 
 
 nr 
 t : 
 
 i^-!f 
 
 Her father shared the joy — "She is a great 
 pet of her brothers, Henry and Edward, and her 
 mother has taken to the two boys as if the}' 
 were lier own, so that we are a very liappy 
 family. I have the same church, and can liardly 
 realize that I have been through such a whirl. 
 The work of the Lord is going forward in every 
 direction." 
 
 Mrs. Judson was preparing Bible (juestions, 
 conducting a Bible class and prayer meetings. 
 Durinjx 1840 she suffered severely from the 
 Indian climate, and in December Dr. Judson 
 wrote : " A dark cloud is gathering around me — 
 the dreadful conviction that dear Emily is in a 
 rapid decline." She tried riding, took a trip, 
 and slowly recovered. Dr. Judson's health also 
 was giving way, and he was sent on a voyage 
 to the Mauritius. B}^ the sea breezes he was 
 revived, and Mrs. Judson returned home with 
 some hope, though for months she could have 
 no word. But he died on the passage and found 
 an ocean grave. " He spoke of burial at sea, 
 and always as though the prospect were agree- 
 able. Nothing can disturl) the hallowed rest of 
 the immortal spirit. Neither could he have a 
 more fitting monument than the blue waves 
 which visit every coast." Thus tranquilly 
 wrote the widowed mourner. In 1851 she re- 
 turned to the United States, where with her 
 parents, the Doctor's children, and her own 
 " Birdie," she found a home in Hamilton. 
 
 
K.Mii.v c. .irnsov. i({7 
 
 " A wclc.nie for thy child. Father. 
 A welcome <,Mve to-day. 
 Althoiifjch she may not come to Thee 
 As when she wont away." 
 
 With voice and p.-ii siie strove to lurther tlie 
 mis.s.ioimry cause until June, 1854, when she 
 was sumuionecl from a career of unselfish devo- 
 tion to her rest and reward. 
 
 These brief sketches do but scant justice to 
 the memories of tl.e courageous and self-denying 
 women who left home and country to " labor in 
 the Gospel " in a distant and dancrerous land, 
 with Judson, Newell, Boardman and others! 
 " whose names are in the Book of Life." For 
 ages to come they will be held in undying 
 remembrance as the forerunners of that host 
 of women messengers foretold by the prophet; 
 "(Jreat was the company of those that pub- 
 lished it." 
 
 They went out scarcely knowing whither, so 
 I'ew had ventured before them. Amid dangers 
 the liiost appalling and labors the most exhaus- 
 tive they sought to gather to the fold "the 
 sheep for whom the Shepherd died." To how 
 many other godly women their heroic etforts 
 have been, or shall yet be, a call and an insi)ira- 
 tion to "go and do likewise," eternity alone may 
 reveal. "They rest from their labors and 
 their works do follow them." Their early and 
 triumphant deaths, perhaps <,.ven more than 
 
lt)8 
 
 MESSENGEUS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 "I •■ 
 
 II*; 
 
 
 
 
 their consecrated lives, may have enkindled the 
 flame of missionary zeal in the women of the 
 churches. Ingatherings surpassing the golden 
 harvests of earthly fields have already been 
 garnered from seed sown by their hands and 
 watered by their tears. Yet are these but the 
 first fruits. The full-eared sheaves shall surely 
 follow, and the Lord of the harvest " see of the 
 travail of his soul and be satisfied." 
 
 Ill E 
 
 WRITTEN OFF ST. HELENA. 
 
 Bloom, Oce.an Isle, lone Ocean Isle ! 
 
 Thou keep'st a jewel rare ; 
 Let rugged rock and dark defile 
 Above the slumbering stranger smile. 
 
 And deck her couch with care. 
 
 Weep, ye bereaved ! a dearer head 
 
 Ne'er left the pillowing breast ; 
 The good, the pure, the lovely fled 
 When, mingling with the shadowy dead, 
 
 She meekly went to rest. 
 
 Mourn, Burmah, mourn ! a bow which spanned 
 
 Thy cloud has passed away ; 
 A flower has withered on thy sand, 
 A pitying spirit left thy strand, 
 
 A saint has ceased to pray. 
 
 Angels, rejoice I another string 
 
 Has caught your strains above ; 
 Rejoice, rejoice I a new-fledged wing 
 Around the throne is hovering 
 
 In sweet, glad, wondering love. 
 
 — Emihi C. Judson. 
 Ship Fantieil Hall, 1846. 
 
 MEUfiMBBassHaaaMBM 
 
KMILY r. JUDSOX. 
 
 It)9 
 
 fp 
 
 THE WAN REAPEKJS. 
 
 I came from a land where a beautiful light 
 Slowly is creeping o'er hill top and vale ; 
 
 Where broad ia the Held and the harvest is while, 
 But the reapers are haggard and pale. 
 
 All wasted and worn with their wearissome toil, 
 Still they pause not, that brave little band. 
 
 Though soon their low pillows must be the strange soil 
 Of that distant and grave-dotted strand : 
 
 For dangers uncounted are clustering there ; 
 
 The pestilence stalks uncontrolled ; 
 Strange poisons are borne on the soft, languid air 
 
 And lurk in each leaf's fragrant fold. 
 
 There the rose never blooms on fair woman's wan cheek, 
 But there's a beautiful light in her eye ; 
 
 And the smile that she wears is so loving and meek. 
 None can doubt it comes down from the sky. 
 
 There the strong man is bowed in youth's golden prime, 
 
 But he cheerily sings at his toil ; 
 For he thinks of his sheaves and the garnering time 
 
 Of the glorious Lord of the soil. 
 
 And ever they turn, that brave, wan little band, 
 
 A long, wistful gaze on the West— 
 Do they come, do they come, from that dear distant 
 land. 
 
 That land of the lovely and blest f 
 
 Do they come ! do they come ? Oh ! we're feeble and 
 wan. 
 
 And we're passing like shadows away ; 
 But the harvest is white, and lo ! yonder the dawn : 
 For laborers— for laborers we pray. 
 
 — Emily C. Jiulaun. 
 
1 I 
 
 
 
 I::;; 
 
 ■•i! 
 
 i 
 
 1 ■, 
 
 [ 
 
 
 
 1 
 t 
 
 
 Ror.Kirr moffat. 
 
 u 
 
ROHHRT MOI'F.Vr. 
 
 Afiini. 
 
 179r)-i8s:i. 
 
 'T'HE name ol' Africa is apt to sutjcrest jungles 
 1 and kraals, wild beasts and savages. But 
 we cannot foi-get that within her borders there 
 flourished mighty kino-doins ; that she owned 
 her share of the "wonders of the world": and 
 that to her chief centres flocked the learned 
 men of early ages. The granaries of Egypt, the 
 gold of Ophir, the libraries of Alexandria, the 
 ships of C'arthage, the splendor of Thebes, the 
 Nile, the Pyramids, the Sphinx, won the hom- 
 age of all nations. The swarthy munnny, tilch<'d 
 from her mausoleums, is made to tell his talc 
 of the storied past. The hieroglyphics of her 
 obelisks and the buried ruins of lier famous 
 cities are the study and the admiration of eager 
 archaeologists. The Pharaohs an<l their task- 
 iiiasters, Joseph and his storehouses, Moses and 
 his rod, are afresh asserting their claim to per- 
 petual remembrance. Christians treasure \he 
 triumphs of early times, and And upon the scroll 
 of confessors and martyrs a full quota from 
 "Afric's sunny soil." Yet through many lone- 
 
 171 
 
172 
 
 .MESSEN(n:KS OF THE CHl'HCHES. 
 
 
 I' 
 
 V'- 
 
 V 
 
 centuries tliere lint^ered but traces of a glory 
 tluit had vanished. Africa, politically, commer- 
 cially, intellectually, relif^iously had well-nigh 
 ceased to be. But by the Portuguese discoveries 
 oi the tifteenth century, the Dutch colonization 
 of the seventeenth, and the British supremacy 
 of the nineteenth, the pulsations of a new life 
 have been awakened in the dark continent. 
 
 The C'hristian world is indebted to the Lon- 
 don Missionary Society and her agents — Van- 
 derkenip, the learned and dauntless pioneer, 
 Kitchener, Kramer and Edwards — for a re- 
 sowing of the Gospel seed, trampled and exter- 
 minated centuries before by Vandals and Sara- 
 cens. When Vanderkemp was ending his twelve 
 years of courageous labor, 
 
 llOliERT MOFFAT 
 
 was receivino; hardv trainino- under a Scotch 
 gardener. He was born in East Lothian, Scot- 
 land, December 21st, 1795. His mother was 
 his earliest and best teacher. For school he 
 had no liking and took to sea, but returned 
 after many dangers, and at the age of fourteen 
 resumed his gardening. Latin, mensuration and 
 the violin bejuiled his e^-enings. Leaving home, 
 his mother asked a promise that he would read 
 a chapter of the Bible morning and evening — a 
 promise he made and never forgot, even amid 
 ungodly surroundings. 
 
 i 
 
ROBERT MOFFAT. 
 
 J 73 
 
 An invitation to Methodist nieptin.r.s iv- 
 «ulted m his conversion. In Warrin^^ton a 
 notice of a missionary meetin^r attracted liini 
 He attended, became interested, and visited the 
 chairman, the Rev. William Roby, Methodist 
 minister of Manchester, who introduced him to 
 the Directors of the London Missionarv Society 
 Inder Mr. Roby he began a course 'of study 
 Ihe daughter of his employer attended a Mora- 
 vian school and encouraged his preparation for 
 mission work. After a year he was accepted by 
 the Directors. In London, visiting a museum 
 and studying the objects of pagan worship he 
 exclaimed, " Oh. that I had a thousand Jives ' 
 All of them should be devoted to preachincr 
 Ohrist to these deluded mortals." 
 
 A FAREWELL SERVICE 
 
 was held in Surrey Chapel, September :iOth 
 1816, at which five missionaries were set apart 
 tor Africa and four for the South Seas. Those 
 for Africa sailed October 18th and reached the 
 Cape January 13th. While waiting Govern- 
 ment permission to proceed inland they were 
 studying the languages. December 22nd they 
 started with oxen and waggons for Xamaqua- 
 land In hunger and thirst they traversed the 
 sandy wastes amid howling hyenas, roaring lions 
 and savage bushmen. Reaching the Orancre 
 Kiver they crossed on a raft, and four months 
 
b 
 
 174 
 
 MESSENGERS OK THE rllURCHES. 
 
 «■; 
 
 11:^ in 
 
 t'roin starting came to the kraal of tlic luuch- 
 (Ireadcfl Africaner. The warrior Chief received 
 them kindly and ordered a house to bo built for 
 them, which became theii- home for six months. 
 "Here I am," said Moti'at, "alone, no friends, 
 no communion of saints, no grain, no bread, 
 about twenty-five pounds a year, but satisfied 
 tliat I have not run un.sent." 
 
 He held mornino; and evening service, opened 
 a school, and had Africaner foi- a scholar. The 
 New Testament deliohted the Chief, and the 
 lion became a lamb. His brothers, David and 
 Jacob, followed his example. 
 
 Moffat visited the villatres and 1m;1<I services, 
 then lay upon the ground listening to prowling 
 lions. " My food was milk and meat; but some- 
 times both failed, and money I had none." But 
 he had in prospect wheat, corn and ])(jtatoes. 
 
 In 181{) he asked Africaner to go with him 
 to the Cape. "Me!" .said the duef; " me, for 
 whose poor head a thousand dollars are offered I" 
 Vet he went, and so delighted was the Covernor 
 to see the change in him that he presented him 
 wit} I an £(S0 carriage. 
 
 MARY SMITH, 
 
 daughter of the Manchester gardener, had not 
 forgotten her missionary friend and lover. So 
 soon as her parents' consent was given she sailed 
 with ll«',v, T{. FV'ck mid his wife, and wns met at 
 
 JH 
 
IIOIIEIIT MDKFAT. 
 
 I7.T 
 
 ]'"= *'"l«' l>y Mr Modiit, Drc.inlH.r 27tl, LSI'* 
 srtn. OS t.,,l,Mr,,,.i,. „,,,,, „,.,,^ 
 
 MoAtt, 1„ ,|,.,„1, ,.„t sl.ort hi,s plans. H„ ,lie,| 
 
 . n,ohc.avo,,.'A,Ws ,„.,,.,s i„ .;., ! 
 
 tll/,'''"''"''''-^ •■'''''''""■'■'■■■ '•^■'''••'-'t'' 
 !' '7'^''' ^- "- l=.-i.w,u,,.. Tl,..v in-i- 
 
 -;'"' "'V-"'""'"'' l'''"'t-l .u,,! s,nve,l, "nu-s,.,! 
 ■■<li«'p ,-1,1(1 cattle— onlv to h-.v, H V 
 
 11, „,^. I J I , - "'"' '"'^■'" stool!. 
 
 'l..nsol,ol.l ooo,ls w,.„l i„ tl„. san.o wav \„ 
 
 ;'se. won. i,.rt ,, ,,i„ ,,, „,,,,,,„„ ,;^. 
 
 -1 ,.e..cl,o,l tl,oiH,oa..ts. H.an,,, ,,,«"!:: 
 ".'X^l. MaUba, ,k.si,v,l to .s,.,. |,I,M l„. .set out " 
 
 ZtT.::v rr'^' ''''^■^- """'--.,,,0;:: 
 
 t^tchHdnas. He retuni.^tl an,| callcl a r,„M; 
 mee ,n, for defence. A hundred 1. nl n' le i.' 
 mustered and the enemy driven back. WiZ 
 
 en centie. Havino- to visit the 
 ' <i K' |()|- .sunn ics 1) is-)L fi • ■ 
 
ITf) 
 
 MEJSSENUEFIS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 !:i 
 
 
 some oC his people witli liim. They <raz(Ml with 
 w<)ii(i(M' \ij)()]i tlie whit<^> people, tlieir city and 
 tlieir sliips. Tliey retunied with Mr. and Mrs. 
 IIii(:rhes, U)V (Jri(|ua. MofJ'at made his long post- 
 poned visit to Chief Makaba, who wondered 
 thev should come unarmed into the town of 
 such a villain as he. He listened to the words 
 of the strantj^er until he spoke of the resurrec- 
 tion, then shouted : " The dead arise ! They can- 
 not, nmst not rise ! 1 have slain thousands, and 
 shall they arise ^ " 
 
 Returnini): home Moffat found his wife and 
 the whole town in alarm. The land was deluged 
 with blood. Makaba was among the slain. The 
 heat v/as extreme and no rain for a year. For 
 their garden they cut a channel two miles to 
 the river. Mrs. Moffat mourned the death of 
 her mother and also of a little child. A spelling- 
 book, catechism and portions of Scripture were 
 ready for printing, but delayed. A plentiful 
 rain, in 1S2G, brightened their prospects, but a 
 swarm of locusts blighted them as quickly. 
 The mission cattle were stolen and their keeper 
 killed. To learn the lano-uaofe of the Sechwanas 
 Moffat spent three months among them, and on 
 his return found thousands of them gathering 
 around his home, open to instruction, but war- 
 like invaders scattt-red them. Ten years he had 
 toiled amid unceasing discouragements. Pros- 
 pects of peace at length gave some hope for the 
 
ItOBERT MOFKAT. 
 
 177 
 
 Holy Sp,r,t was wo„,lo.f„lly po,,,.,! ont an.l 
 the chapel f,lle.l with woepi,,. penitents. Six 
 profe,s..nK faith, we.-e hapt,.e.l, an.l a company 
 -.ftweve partook- of the LoM'.s S„ppe.-. To a 
 a-lywho ha.l a.ske<l what she shonl,! send her 
 Mrs. Moftatha,! written:"^ communion ser.' 
 v.cc; we s„annee,l it someday." It arrived 
 JUS. n tune. A sewing school and home in- 
 struction wrought wonders. i\[es.sen,rers from 
 an eastern Chief ar.-ived. examined the housed 
 the chape!, and listened to the services ; then 
 asked the n.issmnary to go with then, to their 
 people, the Moselakate.se. He .as salute.l with 
 Indeous yells fro.n a thousand warriors " A 
 profound silence followed, then a war .son;. Pnd 
 -ery eye fixe.i upon ns. The Chief approached 
 v,th „ ,nterpreter and attendants, hearing 
 food and beer, gave us a hearty salutation 
 and .seemed onerjoyed," He examined the 
 waggons, heard the wonderful accounts his 
 messenger-, brought, and showed great respect 
 to the missKiiiarv. 
 
 Returning after two n.onths i,e was pleased 
 to find the gardens refreshed wit!, .^a n the 
 
 E Jir;:!.' "''"'- -' ''''''^-' -' "■« 
 
 For the printing of translations and to place 
 
 •some of their children in school Mr. and M," 
 Moffat journeyd to the Cape. With Mr. 
 
\:s 
 
 MKSSI.NtilKs (>l mi ilirnrUKs. 
 
 I'!(h\ aitls lir It'.'irMi'd prinliiii;, :\\\*\ r;m oil" liyniii 
 l)Ot>ks. {\\c (lospcl oi' St. Lul;(\ v\\'. In .hnic. 
 IS.'U. Ihcv Jctuni"'! in KurMiiii.'iu with press, 
 lM)t>ks atul sewing in;»l(M'i.'ils Ihiiin^ ji visita- 
 i\oi\ of Niii.'ill p(»\ Pr. Smilh .'MTIvimI. 1(» ( l;r <;rral 
 rt^li(*r t^r Mrs. Mt)lia( . wlut w MS ill aiul had Inst 
 a ('l)il'i. lie accoMipaiiitMi MoHai <m) a llii'cc 
 n.uMitlis lour and anoMuT visit i<» <1h' Most laka 
 lrst\ TiiitlxM" was ol>(aimMl lor a cliui'cli at 
 Kunnuiu. .-mil ny llamilt* j and I'dwards taken 
 two lunidr(>d and lil'ty nnles. in a village a 
 hnndrid and liTty inih^s away MoHat Itunid 
 SOUK* willing- ti) learn to read and youn<4 people 
 saying' — ' Teacli ns the A, li, (', with nuisic. " 
 S(>i)n " Anld Lanii' Synt* " was tu'lioini^' tln'onn,!) 
 the t'.nvn; and all ni^'lit lon^,' 'tvoiu strange 
 voices he ee»iild heai- tlie (^Id lauiiliar air. 
 
 At Kuniman Mr. Mn<l Mrs. Mdwai'ds w<Me 
 ttaohino- tlie cliildron mthI the woin«'n, who wert* 
 relieved t"n>ni their burdens l>y oxen and wai; 
 iions. 'V\\c new I'hureh was o})ened in Noveni 
 her. ISI^S. with a coiiiiivojition ol' n(Nn*l\- a thou 
 sand. A hundred and tll'ty partook of the 
 Lord's Suppor. 
 
 THK NKW TKSIAMKNT U .VS Ti: ANSL.VrKD 
 
 into tho Soc'hwana laui'T.aiXO, nud to have it 
 printed Mr. and Mrs. Motl'at. aftor twenty-two 
 years" absent e, sailed for Kn^land. A dau«;]ittM' 
 waN ix^rn and little .Ianii(* di«Mi on tho passae'e. 
 
i 
 
 UOMKItT M(H<'I \T. 
 
 179 
 
 it 
 I* > 
 
 
 iM .hiiH'. I.SI{7. i'ln'y received .'iii eiif IniHiastii' 
 welcome ill liOinlon. A Tier visit!. )j^ leljttiveH, 
 IVom lown to (<i\VM llwy were cnlled l»y iimlti- 
 tu<les ejii^er to see jilid liejir file tiissioiuirieH 
 from AlVicn. hi May, \HV,), MoHJit. pn-jiclied 
 tlie jiniii versa ry sei-moii lor (lie London Mis- 
 sionary Society, and Kxcter liaJI was pattked to 
 liear liim at the annn.'il meetin;^. William Koss 
 and David Livin;^s(on(! wc^re set. apart tor tlie 
 
 Pxrli 
 
 til 
 
 rl 
 
 »t' til 
 
 iwa!ia mission. I wo thousand copK-s ol itie 
 New Testament and Psalms, tra,nsla,t(;d and 
 hound tofj^ether, were sent, out. Durin;^; IStii 
 th(^ numlnu' was increase<l to six thousand. \\y 
 HMpiest Mofl'ai wrote " Missionary Lahors and 
 Scontis in South Africa," which, with hi;i many 
 
 iddresses, awa'iened «rreat enthusiasm 
 
 ith 
 
 A ft 
 
 er 
 
 valedictory servi(M's in sovi.'ral cities the, lionored 
 misHJonaries <>ml)aiked January )U)th, I84ij, and 
 reached the (^ipcr April lOth. I)a,vid Livinf^- 
 stone met them on the ri^turn journ(;y, an<l, 
 Decemher lOth, they were received with ;^reat 
 
 .m 
 
 in their distant mission 
 
 Several missionaries were sent : Mr. and Mrs. 
 RoHs to Tan ny, a hundr(Ml and fifty miles onnt : 
 Kdwards, Livin^^stone an<l In;^lis to the l^ak- 
 hatla, two hundred miles north-east. an«l Mr. 
 Hamilton to Kuruman, with Mr. and Mrs, 
 Moliat. 
 
 Livin<,»stone was attacked hy a lion and had 
 to return to Kui'uniaii. Wlien able to lea-ve he 
 
180 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 T 
 
 I 
 
 i^ 
 
 I, 
 
 ,t; 
 
 ^; 
 
 took witli him Mary Moffat, the eldest (la\i<^hter. 
 as Mrs. Liviii;j[st()ne. 
 
 Moffat resumed his translntiiiin' : Asliton at- 
 tended to the printiii*^, and their wives to the 
 clotliinn; and ])omes of their |)e()|)le. 
 
 In 1840 Mrs. Moffat made Mrs. Jjivinostone a 
 visit wliile her liusband ma(h' a tour of manv 
 vilhiixes. To ai'ranm' for the echication of her 
 children Mrs. Molfat journeyed to tlie ('ape. 
 Leaving lier son John there, she sent her two 
 daufjliters to EnMand. '" On the 10th of Febru- 
 ary they embarked, and I tore myself from my 
 darlings to contemplate my solitary journey to 
 my husband and childless home." 
 
 The Boers were makino; trouble in the East — 
 encroaching upon the natives and expelling the 
 missionaries. 
 
 Mortat had translated Proverbs, Ecclesiastes 
 and " Pilgrim's Progress," and was anxious to 
 finish the whole P>ible, but incessant application 
 was telling upon his rugged constitution. He 
 made a visit to his old friend, the Moselakatese 
 Chief, and Livingstone — a journey of eight hun- 
 dred miles. He returned improved in healtli 
 and greatly encouraged by the evidence of 
 ( lospel ti'iumphs. 
 
 At length, after thirty years" work, 
 
 THE HIHI.E WAS TRANSLATED, 
 ;nid h(^ felt relie\(Hl. " For many years I Imd 
 
ROHEIIT MOFFAT. 
 
 ISI 
 
 IK) leisure, every spare monieiit lu'lii*;' devote*! 
 to translatint^^, and I was a stranger, even to 
 my own t'Mtnily. \ow I see tlie Word ol* (Jod 
 read l»v thousands oi' Hecliwanas in tlieii- own 
 toncrue." 
 
 At sixty years ol* a<;e lie visite'd tlie MetnUde 
 tribe, effecting wontlerlul recoueiliations be- 
 tween ( 'hiefs an<l openiuijjs for missionaries, 
 V'isiting the ( 'ape to meet Dr. Livingstone jind 
 his own son John, on tlieir return from Ene- 
 land, he rc'ceived much encouragement from the 
 (lovernor, Sir George Grey, (^n the 7th of July, 
 1859, a division of their party started for Mako- 
 lolo, a tliousand miles further into the interior 
 than they had yet been. A week later Moffat, 
 his sons Thomas and John, with their wives, 
 and Mr. Sykes set off* On their wav thev were 
 met by Moselakatese warriors, from the great 
 Chief, with supplies of oxen and food. I)es])ite 
 Boer intrigues a mission was openetl among 
 tliem in 1859. The interviews of the veteran 
 missionarx' with the aged Chief were prolonged. 
 and theii' last parting was solemn and affecting 
 to many witnesses. In October, 18()l, Bessie 
 MofTat became the wife of Mr. Price. Robert, the 
 eldest son, had been sent to Kngland to prepare 
 for missionary work. His health failed, and in 
 1862 he died, leavinij: a wife and four childiTii. 
 Mrs. Livingstone died a little later. In 18f)r, 
 the h\i.sband of the second dauirht<'r wns killed 
 
•Slii 
 
 182 
 
 MESSENGERS OF THE CHURCHES. 
 
 in an explosion. At threescore years and ten 
 the veteran missionary began to feel the weak- 
 ness of age. Against the wish of the Directors 
 he continued liis labors until March 20th, 1(S70, 
 when to the crowds from far and near gathered 
 in the Kuruman church he bade a sad farewell. 
 On the Friday followinij: the venei-able mission- 
 aries started on an eight weeks' journey to Port 
 Klizabeth, where they went aboard the Xor.'<e- 
 iiian and arrived at Plymouth, July 24th. A 
 public breakfast and many hearty receptions 
 awaited them. A birthday gift of £1,000 was 
 presented to the returned missionary. 
 
 After fift^'-three years of toil and triumph 
 Mrs. Moffat was called suddenly home. The 
 services of the aged messenger of the Cross 
 were in great demand, and many yet remember 
 " the bronzed face and flowing beard of the 
 lieroic \eteran." The University of Edinburgh 
 made him Doctor of Divinity. Several thou- 
 sand pounds were contributed to the " Moffat 
 Institute" — his memorial at Kuruman. A gift 
 of £.5,000 was presented him in 1873, by wdiich 
 iie was enabled to still serve the Directors and 
 assist his v.idowed daughter and her children. 
 
 On his eightieth birthday he opened a new 
 mission hall called bv his name. He was the 
 guest of the Lord Mayor of London and received 
 (he freedom of the citv. Tlie last four vears 
 n\ his lif(^ were spent «|uietly in Pnrk (^)ttage, 
 
HOBEHT MOFFAT, 
 
 183 
 
 J^^h, with kind attentions from Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 He utteuded the .Society'.s a>,nual meetin<. 
 
 ■ %,,,s8:^;t,.oka..ho,.ttou,.un,lrotur„od 
 ■" Ju!y apparently iinprov,.,:! : but unfavorable 
 ■symptom,s soon appeared. Jn ,he early days of 
 August enjoy,., ,,,„,,,,« the singin, of uLns 
 •"• .ea, „,^. ot Scnpture. Wakin. fron, sleep 
 J- looked at Ins chiMren : tben ,,uiekly his spir t 
 depjuted to be "forever with the Lr's 
 
 ' oth ;';;"•'";"' ^°'',"'"' °'' "'^ '•'-■^. August 
 0th, I,S,s.j ,n h,s eighty-eiKhth year. He was 
 
 buned m the Norwood Ce.netery Lnid relati^ 
 orthy tnbu es were paid to his n:.,nory by 
 ffreat rehoious societir^s. 
 
 My Allmiuisthcsava-ohreHst 
 NV here darkness reigns and tempests rest 
 VVithf)ut one niy of light ; 
 
 To write the name ..fjclsus'there, 
 
 lopomt to worlds Ix.th bright and fa. 
 '<> see the savage bow in prayer, 
 '^s my supreme delight.