t», ^> ,0. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) y ^^. 4. V C^x y 5r ^ ^^. 4' 1.0 I.I 1.25 :i: lis lillio iiiiii 11= 1-4 IIIIII.6 % ^ //, '^ ,>^ y /a /A 'o" >> ■Hmi L* CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CmM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductlons Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1980 Technical Notes / Notes techniques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Physical features of this copy which may alter any of the images in the reproduction are checked below. n Coloured covers/ Couvertures de couleur L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Certains ddfauts susceptibles de nuire d la quality de la reproduction sont not6s ci-dessous. 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The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire filmd fut reproduit grdce d la g6ndrosit6 de I'dtablissement prdteur suivant : La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour dtre reproduites en un seul clich6 sont filmies i partir de Tangle sup6rieure gauche, de gauche i droite et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Le diagramme suivant illustre la mdthode : 1 2 3 ;_ :t 2 3 4 5 6 % ■'1» ■^^^ / n BRIBERY AND BOODLING, ., FRAUD, HYPOCRISY & HUMBUG, PROFESSIONAL CHARGES AND PECUNIARY ETHICS. by C. Baillairge, M. i, C. E., Arci, P. L. S, F. R. S. C. CHATEAU FRONTENAC, QUEBEC. — OCT. 2, 1895. \ ^"I*" -iH^J >11 MR. BA1J.LA1R(J1:S ADDRKSS • To THE Province of Quebec Association of yirchitects ON THE OCCASION lOct. 2 1895) OF HIS VACATING THE PKIiSlDENCV OF TOE SOCIETY. 1. — It is usual for the retiring president of an association to sum up syn optically what has been clone during his tenure of office. On this occasion I purpose to go beyond the presidential term and, as at my age, I am not likely to have the advantage of addressing you again, relate some of my exper- iences of a hasy and eventful career, for the inform- ation and advantage of the rising generation of architects. 2. — A most prolific and pertinent subject of inquiry, now a days, irs certainly that of " BRIBERY AMD BOODD^IiVC} " — FRAUD, H¥PO€RIi$Y AMD HUMBiiG : to what extent they may be called so and to what degree more or less criminal and in which way — PROFESSIONAL FEES AMD PtClJMIARY ETHICS. 3. — 77*e Montreal iSiar of the 20th of December last, alluding to the '^ Toronto City Hall Scandals" puts the following questions : 1st. Do the Citizens pro- fit by the bribo which the alderman pockets ? — 2nd. Does the bribe-giving company lose money on its _ 2 - deal With the City, counting in the loss of the bri- bery money as part of the transaction ? — 3rd. If not, who lose.s nione}^ ; that is: who pays tlie bribe ? and then adds " Emphatic negatives may be written as " answt rs to the first two questions ; whereas the *' reply to the third is : '• The swindled tax payers " of the swindled city " We may be sure, continues " the paper, that the price the company gets for •* the article sold to the city, covers the cost of '' that article, the expenses of advertizing it, the " money paid to debauch the Council and a fair profit " to the company. Otherwise, it would not continue •' to do business. The tax payers pay the bribe in " apjt cah, or in having a poor article foisted on " them or in both wnys. " 4. — THE SUBJECT IS DIOILICATE AMD DIF- FICULT TO HANDLE. Bribery and boodling exist the world over and have always had their sway, on every imaginable scale from a needle to an anchor, as the saying is. It is as with venial and mortal sin, and even your own conscience is at a lo*s sometimes to draw the line of demarcation between the guiltless and the faulty. 5. — FROI?I A NEEDLE TO AN ANCHOR, have I said and in truth : from a cigar, a glass of wine, a luncheon, a g.>o»e at Christmas, or a dozen of cham- pagne at new years; a $5, a $10, a $50,00 bill, crescendo to a thousand, ten thousand, or ten times that amount. From a mere protective smile or bow, a friendly shake of the hand, a letter of introduction, a certificate of capacity, an address of felicitation on entering office, or of regret when leaving; to giving - 3 — you rental free, endorsing your note, and winking at your shortcomings; there is boodling and bribery in every thing; some of it most triifling and inno- cent; some of it most offensive, criminal and dange- rous. 6. — Ais iw. D. WITHOUT PATiEi¥TS, may lead you to believe the contrary by instructing his amanu- ensis to call for him during divine service, or at a public meeting, the opera or elsewhere; or he may walk the public highway with his satchel, as if bound on some tooth extracting expedition or the introduc- tion into this world of another would-be boodler of the future. 7. — And liEWARE OF HYPOCRITES. — Re- member the man, of Quebec, who, now some 50 years ago, made it a point to be seen every day in the com- pany of clergymen, spending his evenings at the pres- bytery, while robbing around, he and his gang, in the most unsuspicious manner. One of his many doings may not be uninteresting,uninstructive to my younger hearers : When he robbed the Chateau Richer Church below Quebec, he went there with his men in a boat, anchoring on the " batture " ; called on the curate whose acquaintance he had previously made, supped with him. was shown around by his host, and had the particular position and hiding place of the " coffre- fort " beneath ihe altar, pointed out to him. — They went back " veill^e'd " together and went to bed. During the small hours of the night, our arch fiend arose and dressed, slipped out of the back door unheard, hailed hib gang, put the '* strong box" on board the boat and off with it to the " robbers cave " - 4 - whicii I can whow yoii to this day at tin; termination of Clianiplain street or the ove road to Caronj^.i. He returned to the presbytery, let liiinself in un- heard, went to bed and at about 5 o'ehjck a. in. was awaken* d out of a sound sleep, whether feigned or not, by the mre who had just been iufortn.d by the hedenn that the church had been robbed. Thev all up and dre.ssed at once and proceeded to the scene of the disaster. Who can it be, said the Cure ?— Some one, you may be certain, M. le Cure, not unac- quainted with the locj'litv, the secret of the situa- tion. Who is that man, continued oiir hero, pointing to the Bedeau, don't you think there is a guilty look about him ? This is no romance, gentlemen, the B ■- deau was put in jail and remained there for 6 months ere the fraud was detected. 8. — BUT HYPOrCtl§V IflAY «0 J>$TILL FIJK^ THEK: This same party after robbing the Jesuits church in this city, or so called " eglise de la congre- gation " of all its silver ware and ornaments, w^as the first to be there the next morninor at daylight, to help the Fathers, on his knees, gather together the sacred wafers which in their haste the robbers had strewn about t e Hoor. Nor is this fiction, but h »" torical in every particular. 9. — Beware, fellows, of what we call in french les ' KOi^GEirx DE BALV^^TRES. " One of them was seen at morning service one day, who, after ''receiving," borrowed $1200 from the Good Shepherd Nuns and turned bankrupt the day after ; and onlv the other d/iy, another of these confidence inspiring hypocrites, bamboozled a scor6 of religious institutions o — > into i)a\*ing In advance for IjiHt wiiittM*'s supply of coals and never delivered an ounce oF it. 10. — now TO UF/r AT A ITIA!\"S PURSE. — it is an aphorism with the English, a truism, that to ^et at a man's purse, you must reacii him through his belly. You are wedded to any scheme, public or private, by a good dinner, a good after dinner speech ; nsa sinner may bt' from his evil ways by a good sermon. 'T is all persuasion : bribei'V of a kind.bv which you rnav b.' boodled out of sin as well as into it. Then if oratory, elo<{ueuce, good (dieer, good wine, good tVllowship can make a conquest of you, with all your educational, pecuniary advantages; do not S!) frowu down the [)()or devil who sells his vote at an election or tries his hand at getting two dollars for that which ia worth but one. 11. — Talleyrand has said that "EVERY m\n HAS HIS PRICE." I have seen men, and thev will always do it if they c-in, where and w4ien the thing may be noticed by others and repeated ; I have seen them, heard them sav. at an offer of a trifle beneath their wants, their aspirations, their acceptance : "' How dare you sir insult me in this manner," who would not have winced at ten or a hundred times the sum; such a suui in fact as would have enabled them, if taxed with the thing, to bravely bear the brunt of it. 12. — THE " BOSS TWEED "ERA. -Though bri- bery and corruption, as I hive said, exist in everj'^ sphere of life on one scale or another ; they became developed into expanded life under the '' Tammany — f) ~ liiiU and boss Tweed reign of terror ", when so lua.iy inilliona of the people's money were H(|uandered in eorruption,in bribes paid for fat contracts; and ■ ■.■ • •a -- 10 - but make motiey *' : Suppose you are a clergyinati ill charge, at «a well patronized .^hrine, as that of Ste- Anne de Beaiipre. Devotees hand you $10.00, $20.00 a hundred dollars, for the church of course, though they do not say so, for fear of leading to auy suspi- cion on your part that they have a doubt a^^ to the destination of the money. May be you can pocket the money, if your conscience chide you not for so doing, siuie the giver handed it to you and said no- thing. An ex reverend in this way acquired, so it is ^aid, some $25,000.00 during his directorship at the shrine, and no one can say he robbed it, or dare to say he did. .. 22.— AMD STILL ANOTHER: A building society which should rather be called a swindling one ; for the term '' building " is of course intended to convey the idea, that it is to be a help to you instead of the contrary — loans you money nominally at 6 % ; but in reality at 12%, since you have to begin refunding the money after the very first month of the 120; and therefore enjoy the loan for only an average of 5 years instead of 10. How many do I not know in Quebec who have been ruined by such concerns ; 1 mean poor devils too ignorant not to be imposed on. '23. — ANU EVEN THE CHUKCH LENDS IT- SELF UNWITTINGLY (but for money of course, as in all other cases) to the glorification of i?ien WHO HAVE RUINED BANKS AND SAVINGS BANKS «t al. by their recklessness and squanderings of the peoples' money ; winking as they do at a distribution of the funds among the several directors, under the — 11 — pseudonym of loans^ to cause tUein to shut their ears and eyes and mouths to the manager's own extrava- gance. Such men live and die rich on your and my money, after telling their friends, in absolute injus- tice to others, to draw themselves aloof from the ship about to founder. And these are the men who are made church w.irdens of; and, as if to defy God Al- mighty in his vengence, their mausolea are raised high within the altar railings, to silence truth from daring to assert itself; as if it might give the lie to parties interested in the punishment of the guilty or the despoiling of their heirs, thus hiding roguery and scoundrelism beneath the cloakings of religion. 24 ^O If Oi^DER TH£N IT IS SO DIFFICrLT T€ £NT£K IWTO THE KIIVGDOIVI OF IIEAVEM. — Difficult, say the Scriptures, as to thrust a Camel through the eye of a needle, and why ? Not from the fact of being rich, but due to the unhallowed modes resorted to in the majority of casfs, to becomes rich, Hs when a certain Water Works Committee composed of a lawyer, a merchant, a builder and a manufacturer, played for years into each others hands : one of tneni supplying brick, another cement, the lawyer doing the speechifying in the City Coun- cil, the merchant being the contractor in the name of a poor tool at $1.00 a day, with the men half paid in money, half in store pay, and the real boss enjoy- ing three profits on the work, to wit : the store pay profit, the profit on the job, the third profit : the 5 to 10 per cent discount on silver at that period, when the men were paid in " trente sous " and the real contractor in bank bills at par. - 12 — 25.— BANKRUPTCY ITIAY BE EXC'irSABf.E wlieil you are hniiled down by another ; but in a majority of cases it is the contrary. And yet it ia so easy to ad 1 all your probable expenses : food, clothing, heat- ing, lighting,'-, house rental, taxes and clerk's salaries ; and then you'ld see how seldom you could afford to start on a carriage and pair, dress your wife and chil- dren in si ks and satins, have a box at the opera and guzzle yourself with Champagne at your creditors ex- pense ; or buy or build yourself a house and quick, make it over in your wifes' name, that your credi- tors may not dream of touching it. 26.- WORSE TiiAiv THAT: We have had an example of it in Quebec — give your wife a dowry, say $30,000 00 — to disarm suspicion, put it in the marriage contract. You know you have not got a ct'nt. What of that, go into business, pay your wife her dowry out of the first earnings, or rather sales of goods us yet unpaid for — turn bankrupt, and then say : my wifes dowry was a priviledged and lawful payment, you can divide the rest. Or PROVIDE FOR THE FUTURE OF YOUR FA- WIII.Y BY A $23,000.00 L.1FE INSURAIVCE POLICY, and pay the premium on it before you pay your pre- sent debts, or at the risk of letting them remain un- paid. The criminality of this may not at first sight strike one ; but certainly no man can in justice and in honesty leave his debts of the present remain un- paid, to provide for requirements or desiderata of the future. 27. — I^AY BE YOU HAVE A CHILD AT SCHOOL : ^he convent, seminary or university; keep the master o O — 111 good limiior by a present now and then, a box of cigars or the lik<', and ten chances to one, yours will be selected for the presentation of n bouquet to Her Excellency or the reading of an address to a papal nuncio. And there is the toadying, for a purpos^^ to the lich or men in power, when prizes are given to the comparatively undeserving ; vvhile the poorer though more worthy of the distinction are left out in the cold. 28.— There is also sWELLiivo OR expaivsive BOODLE. Sojie materials swell on being taken from a trench. Undertake a job at dredging ; stipulate, not for situ, but for scow measurement. Daring the dark afternoons of the fall, do not look to see if the scow is full or not ; pay the inspectors not to see, and to take your own foremen's count of the result. Assert that you have always been in the habit of allowing 33i per cent for swelling or expansion of excavated material. Never mind the fact that as it falls with a thud from the dredge into the scow, the impact is such as to reduce it again to the bulk it occupied in situ. Very little, almost nothing is to be found in books about the matter (foisonnenient as they call it in french) and the chances are that your theory will be accepted, and you be made i the richer by the feint ; half a million on such a work for instance as the Quebec Harbor Works. 29._BOODLIlVG BY IVOTARIAL AGREEmEWT. An example of this came before the courts in this city some years ago, when, on my refusal to certify to an account for extras for over S 20,000.00, it was 14 ii'lli swollen to twice the figure to put before the provin- cial experts, as it is always good policy to allow of striking off something, as suggestive of impartlalil}'. This account of over forty thousand dollars was then hanrled to an aect. nnd an agreement entered into that said party was to get so inuch for handl- ing the matter, and a percentage on all he could obtain for the contractors beyond the forty thousand. Well, the H0,000.00 were then swelled to $97,000.00 on which the arbitrators only allowed $17,000 00; and how the transaction became public is that the inter- ested parties refused to pay ihe accountant even the a'nount he w^as, or considered himself entitled to and irrespective of any additional percentage and he sued them for it; which bears me oit in saying that boodling by notarial agreement is that least likely. to excite suspicion, however glaring it may be, since the Court is not reported to have re- marked in any way on the rascality of the trans- action. 30. — IF YOU WILL BUT REFLECT A HIOOTEWT on the fact of first doubling a claim and then more than doubling it a second time ; the idea cannot fail to strike you, that the agreement read very much like saying '■ and for so much more as you can rob the Government of in our interests and your own" on so much shall we pay you a percentage. 31. — We all know how by algebraic proems,-- iniNUS iflAY BEcomE PLUS, a negative be transform- ed into a positive; but you have yet to learn that this can be done by quite another m.jde of handling the items. I havo just al uded to an acct. for extras - '5 — which I had refused to certify to. On a certain pu- blic btiiUling, now over 30 years ago, I was appealed to on part of the contractors, amongst other things : to make such an alteration in the 18 inch sills to windows, as would eliminate the expensive ch-cking of them to reduce their heigth to 12 inches. This I was assured would be a saving to the contractor of at least $2 00 on each sill, 'j he three voussoir'd window headings, I was also implored to reduce to Hve stones each, instead of three, on account of the cost and difficulty of procurirg and handling vous- sbirs of such dimensions, and told it wou d be a vsaving to the contractors of $).00 on each opening ; and, as even so, the stones were big enouiih for ar- chitectural effect I consented to the a'teration. Well ! what think ye ? you will hardly credit the assertion ; but both items came in as extras, each sill at $5.00 for the alteration, each arched head at $10.00 which on the hundred and odd openings in the building, pre- sented quite an imposing array of figures. 32.— And SEE how cumwingly the claims WERE n^ORDED. It would not have done to say <' for making so many sills and arches of stones " smaller than required by the contract" — that way of putting it would have told the story and militated against the demand. No, but it was done in this way ** so many sills and arched heads to windows for " having made them at variance with (different from) the contract " design." The remainder of the bill for extras was made up of many items of like nature where mimvs had been tortured imto plus. — 16 — 33. — ^'Hl^AIVD 1 A DII C'llAIVOE'VIEIVT, C'EST TOUJOURS DE E'EXTRA."-One day. the .a,nc foreman who had, an j.i.st .stated, tinned into additive what shoukl have been .siibstraoiivM, wa« passing by the Venner Mausoleum then under construction by°on'e IJclanger at the St-Charles Cemetery, a structure of some 15000.00. Helk) .said Griard to B(^danger, have you numy extras ? No, retorted B6hing r, Baillairg'; has made some alterations but which have iisanJs thviehy saved to the con- tractors. 3o. — BEWARE my young frionds of ever aUow- ing yourselves to h • phiced in a j)osiiion to force you to favor e::traH for self prot.'ction. This was actually done by an ex-coinuiissionner of lublic Works, in going security for a contractor for whi<'h lie was paid, as of course I suppose he had a right to be, for incurring the risk of so doing ; but where the harm or wrong comes in, is this, that being the man's se- curity, and especially if on a !')W contract price, 3'ou thus naturally favor all extras for which there is any plausibility at all, rather than run the risk, not only of having to refund the amount paid you for your secui'ity on the contract, but of laying out your own mone^ to make good the deficiencies of the contractor. 36. — WORIilMW FOR TWO MASTERS AT A TII?IE is not always criminal, thuough it may in some ca-es be so, to a greater or a less extent, as in the case already alluded to of the New- York policemen receiving salary from the City to uphold the law, and from the gilded palaces of vice to wink at their misdoings. Working for two masters is sometimes almost unavoidable by an engineer or an archictect, where there is no one else at hand to do the needful. 37. — There can be no doubt that vou have a PERFECT A]\D LEGITIMATE RIOHT TO DO FOR A CONTRACTOR AND OET PAID FOR IT, ANl- THINO W^HICH VOU ARE NOT BOUND TO, IN VIR- TUE of VOURDUTV TOWARDS FOUR EMPLOYERS, {i>! i-Hilll I — 18 — the proprietors ; siicli as taking off (inantities ; but while ihi.s is in no way wron*; in itself or de facto, it may and often does lead an engineer, or architect to be too lenient anc' even paitial ; or prevents hitn I'rarn being as impartial in his judgments or his fin l- iiigs as he otherwise would be in settling accounts between interested parties. E.G.: if the (luantities or some of them are in defect, you feel almost bound, for fear of being twitted with the deficiency, to make them up in extras to the contractor, or in some other way, and you thus become unjust towards yoiT ' employees — whereas if the (quantities are taken out and handed to the contractor by a third party, " a quantity surveyor " as he is called in England, and which is the proper thing to do, you can act im- partially and your judgment is unfettered. If, on the other hand, to prevent the possibility of the contractor billing the proprietor for extras, you overdo the quantities, you are again unjust to- wards the man you are working for, by causing him to pay too dear for the piper. 38, IT BEHOVES YOU TMEREEORE TO HAVE THAT PORTION OF THE UORK DONE BIT AN OUTSIDER, and you will always be and feel the better for it ; though, as said before, the thi!ig is not necessarily wrong, but only risky as you may happen to bring out the quantities correctly, and cause no one an injustice. 39^ — You can also work for two masters by LAYINO OUT WORK FOR A CONTRACTOR ; as for instance, when, after supplying him with such well lli! [i ~ 19 - defined drawing.s, to a proper scale, that \w. can or should he ahle to work from, yon are called on hy liini to draw out much of the work, many of the de- tails full size ; but in this case there is, there cannot be any harm, as the doing so cannot lead to any ex- tras, for which you may be called on to pay. I con- sider myself an honest man and had to do this very thing for the Quebec Jail contractors, who being at the time mere plasterers, and never having had any practice at such work, I had to draw out for the on boards and floors and tables and partitions, every arch and key stone in the buildiug, allowing even for the thickness of the mortar joints ; every sill and lintel, jamb, im[)ost of different design ; every cor- nice and belt course profile; iron cell doors, gratings, fastenings, stairs and galleries, folding fire doors etc., and lay and picket out the work upon the ground, and all this at only a dollar an hour amounted to $700.00 not one cent of which I ever got, due to my refusal to endorse their bill of extras. 40.— Gentlemen, it has no doubt been within your experience to hear of a man charging twice the value ol a thing, may-be three times : That is bad enough in all conscience ; but what sA¥ voiJ to A DEMAJVD II¥ WBITIl^G FOR 13 TIIVIES THE VA- LUE OF A THli^o. You could hardly bring your- selves to believe in any such attempt to obtain money under legitimate pretences. When I took charge of the so called Ottawa Buildings, the air ducts had all b3en built, but there still remained to remove the centreing. The ducts are mostly about 2 feet high and broad, some with segment archings, others semi- ■t M iiii II I I - 20 — (Miciiliir. 1Mn? time; had (!oiih' wUon these imiMt he removed. Any heggar in OttHWa wouhl have jumped at the i(h'a of eleaiiiig all the (hicts, for the mere value of the t^eautling. This would not do, of course ; the coil traetorH had liie right to the rid'u al of the joh. I had estimated tlie thing in my mind's eye to be worth say ii^20l).i)(). We (concluded, Page and 1 and Fuller to ask the (Contractors to tendcM" a (ignre for the work. They did so, asking 75 cts. the ft. lin. for the removal of the se^rment headed cradling, ^1.12 J cts. for the circulai-. The work consisted merely in kicking at the uprights, fixing a rope to each 12 ft. length of cradling and hauling it (»"t today light. At the figures demanded, the job would (some to $2,f)00.()(l instead of my ample estimate of $200.00 to do the work. 41. — AT SI €11 FlUIIKi:*^ \VK €OUI.D IVIAKF :\0 OFFf^R that would not have been considered insult- ing, to say the least. Fuller arid I, on resumption of the works after they had been stopped by the then Min- ister of Public Woiks, on the jjlausible pretext that the money voted by Parliament liad been all expend- ed ; thus playing into the hands of the contractors who were desirois of having the contract cancelled and of continuing the bdgs. '' by the day" ; and to whom the stoppage of the works " during low wages," as it suited them to pretend ; and their resumption, months after," at advanced prices," so they asserted ; opened the door to untold demands for extras— we set to, under new commission ner Tessier, at prejiar- ing a set of schedule prices for the several classes of work. Laborers were entered Jit $1.00 a day and — 21 - 20 % profit to the foiitinctor, ciirpenters ut li^2.U0 a day and 20 7 advance thereon 42 Well, wi: wrotk to tiii: i oM'iiAr- Toii!^ I.-^XTKI iCTI-^li TIIK.Tl TO IMT OX OI^I) <;AK- Pi::\Ti:u A.\n tuo i.4Koiii:its to RK:fiovK the 4;i:rVTKKI!%'4>i : positive thon^h we were lliat no ear- piMter would ever he nt, to allow myself a mar^nn in case of need. 1 had allowed the substitution of fire brick inst ad of stone for the inside headings or arches over opening-, I permitt d that the coring of the inner, thicker brick walls be done in stone with grout filling ; and so of other alterations, which while interfering in no way with the solidity and durability of the work, proved a saving to the con- tractors. I wrote them on one occasion to give more of their attention to the outer d. tails of the building iMich as taking care that the stones be not broken cornered, the mortar joints irregnlar and too thick the arrises sharp, etc. No heed b-jing paid to the injunction I wrote again saying: 48. - - *♦ AFTER ALL THAT I HAVE DO]%E FOR vou (alluding to the concessions made, but without rehearsing or repeating them) WH¥ do you not PURSUE A MORE OENEROU§ POLICl." That WaS enough. I had put my foot in it, as the saying is, and well does it bear out Montesquieus' saying <' give me three lines of any man's v/riting, and I shall condemn him." The letter was treasured for future use. The jail contractors, a'* I have alr( ady .said had a bill of extras which I could not sanction. Thev wantea to put their case, not before the pro- vincial arbitrators whom they considered too close fisted in the way of extras, but before the Federal arbitrators, better accustomed to be lenient for electioneering purposes. For this they had to wait two years, though even then, they did not get it ; but they thought they would. ! I Mill — 24 — 49. — Weil as 1 have told yoii, the federal con- tractors were hatching a big bill, close upon half a million dollars, and the great thing was to eliniinate nie from the scene of action, so that my evidence, which they most dreaded might he got rid of. They iield a caucus, the incriminating letter was produced, the then editor of" L( JoHrnul'''' did the dirty work. >« LE.llALIIf]LREl \,»AIDEIi:, LE.S COKTRACTEUKS KE LE PAVAIEIN'T PAS ASSEZ " and wheii ai^ked by my friends why he did so, the cynic replied : I do not believe a word of all I am writing against ]iaillairg6, but journalism is my profession, that is how I make a living and I am being well paid ($10,000.00 1 am told) for what 1 am doing. 50. — TBIEKE AKE CASES WHERE A I?IA]^ IT. .HAKE TEX TII7IES MIS EE<;AE FEES A:\D CAi\ IVOT BE REPROACHED FOR IT, nor cMii the strictest con- science find fault or object on any grounds. Suppose for instance several persors are called to arbitrate on, or examine into any case with the view of giving evidence thereon. They may choose to walk, or club together to take a carriage or go it in a bus. Each of them can without any qualms of conscience, charge the full price of a vehicle. Again, it may so happen that your services are required by several clients at the same time, and you can charge each of them the full price of reaching the locality, as if you went there severally and separately for each person in particular ; and if the conveyances were such, either by railway or boat or otherwise, that you had time to spare to do each one's bidding on the ."•ame day ; then could you charge each of them the - 25 - full value of your time inclusive of that of going and returning ; and even ocean voyages have been dupli- cated in this manner, each party requiring your ministry, — when no predetermined rate or charge has been fixed on — having to pay the full time and cost of your reaching destination and returning. 51. — AW ARCHITECT OB ENGINEER whosii time is worth $3.00 an hour, or even $5.00, and who under a bargain with you in advance, chooses to labor for you for a^ a less figure, is not to be called a BOODLEB, because or when in the absence of any such agreement, he charges you full price for his ser- vices. He can not be said to be charging too much ; but in the other case he charged or rather was paid too little. 52. — PBOFESSIONAL CHAROES OB FEES. — Of course I here allude onlv to such as regard arcts. and engineers. These are quoted at say $15 00 for an ordinary days work of from 10 A. M. to 4 P. M., or of 5 hours duration, allowing an hour for lunch ; and at this figure, a man may often make his $50.00 a day if ho labor say 17 hours, which at the legal fee of $3.00 per hour brings out that result ; and when engaged in giving an opinion on an important matter, the charge may be as high as $100.00 a day, as when consulted on a matter where you have to bring to bear the result of long experience and study acquired at great expense from costly books and travelling. Our corporation paid Shanly k Parent $300.00 each for a three da/s study of and report on tenders of our half a millon aqueduct. I charged h-herbrooke ! i| ' 1 li>i|::ii! II iilii ^350.00 for 3| days at an examination of tlieii* water works and a report thereon ; and the propri- etors of tlie Montmorerjcy Falls $5 00 an honr, $260 for a 52 hours job at surveying nnd computing the Avater power of the falls ; though, had it been a thing that any one else in Quebec, at the time, could have computed, ni}' fee might have been disputed, and my time reduced to the usual fee of $3.00 an hour. 53. — I need hardly remind you that archi- tects AMD EniOIMEERS ARE E:\TITI.ED TO AT LEAST 5 % on the cost of all they do, of which say 2^ % for complete plans and specifications, 2^ for superintendence, and say 1| to 2 per cent additional for quantities; and on certain works, as repairs or the ornamental detail work of altars, pulpits, tabern- acles, christening fonts, choir stalls and fittings, screens and reredos, as well on crockets, finials and other outside work, fully 10 per cent instead of five or charge by the hour when a percentage does not pay an amount equal to the lowest legal fee per diem. 54.— -Another matter of in({uiry is IJ¥ how far A PROFESSIONAL., APPLIED TO FOR A COPY OF A PLAN, REPORT OR ESTIIflATE, ETC.,CAN CHARCiE HIS OWN FEE, AS AGAINST THAT OF A ITIERE CO- PYING CLERK. Your own conscience must iiee Js be your guide in this matter ; as if no one be at Inind to do the needful and it be pressing and you must do it yourself, you of course charge your own price ; but it it be possible to have it done by hunting up a copvist for the purpose, it would seem to me unjust to charge more than a clerk's salray adding, of course, your own time at seeing about the job and examin- ing and certifying to its accuracy. - 27 ~ 6b —ANOTHER FORM OF BOODLIIVG yoil Ollt of your money is akin to that of the dry goods or other dealer who after marking his wares up to 50 or 60 over par, announces a cheap sale at 30 to 40 per cent reduction, still leaving him a good 20 % profit on the transaction. Men, in this way can make themselves appear generous, while not at all so or quite the contrary. 56.— Some 40 years ago I built myself a house. Of course I was told, as architects generally are, by tradesmen in securing whose patronage contraciors are interested, that I was to pay just what i thought was fair, and pay when it suited me to do so. I can- not be far wrong in guessing that that has been the experience of many of my hearers. Now, when my bill for painting and glazing came in, and almost be- fore the work was finished — contrary to the " pay 1»IE \rHEN AKD WHAT vou L.1KE," the amount was £180 ($720.00) Well, the painter, with a generous smile took the pen and at one swoop struck of £60, 33^ per cent which of course appeared to be awtully generous on his part. But it so happened that at the time, I had taken off quantities for a similar class of building for the same man, and on confronting his block sum tender for the painting and glazing of said bdg., 1 fuund his prices to be just about equal to those of my bill at the reduced figure ; so that with all the man's affected generosity he was still making fully one fifth profit out of my concern. 57. — BOODEIRfO UNDER THE PRETENCE OF DISCOUNT OFF for prompt payment, as with i I* mi K it I Sl!i I m I illl: III III - 28 — ft ceftiiin Gas Company which since 1847 quoted its prices per thousand feet at $4.00 with 40 per cent off for payment within 20 days of the expiry of the quarter. No doubt, had anyone tested the legality of this before the Court-, the company's action would have been disallowed, as a pretext for obtaining mo- ney under false pretences, or in other words charginij a man 40 per cent interest, on payments overdue. This cannot be contested or denied ; for the fact of the Company being able to take off two fifths the price, and as every one in general would pay up be- fore the 20th, was proof sufficient that at the re-iuced figure, the company was doing well ; and therefore, the fact of charging any one in arrears of time the full amount inclusive of the 40 %, was in every way tnntamount to charging 40 per cent interest far a day or two's delay ; in other words it was boodle of the most glaring and criminal description ; but as 1 have said before nothing seems criminal that is done openly and paraded in the newspapers, 58. — IN THE SAME WAY AS \¥E ARE MADE UP OF THE SOCIAL, THE PROFESSIOWAI., THE HEPRESEWTTATIVE ENTITIES, where there is all the difference in the world betwen signing for one- self and one's signature as mayor,. as minister, as go- vernor, as city engineer or architect ; or again, in the same way as a man, if he cumulate the functions of or be at one and the same time engineer and architect and land surveyor in the bargain, will sign or sub- cribe his name as architect if it be a structure of the kind— surveyor, if the document be topographical — engineer, if there be question of a bridge or railway, iillh m m ^ on ._- 'etc., so in another sphere of action a man '' by the ilay " is or considers himself to be quite another in- dividual from the same man " by the job." 59. — And this reminds me of how a transform- ation can be brought about. A frenchman at the Frontenac always called for two glasses " gar^on, deux verresd'absinthe " — he was known to be alone in the occupancy of his loom and to a friend who one day made bold to ask him, why, being alone, he always called for two glasses V ♦♦ OH, IE VAis VODS '« DIRE, SAID HE : VOVEZ.VOUSCIVAND JE PREIVDS *' VN VERKE, JE DEVIEWS VN TOUT AUTRE HOm- "IffE, ET JE DOMWE L'AUTRE VERRE A L'AUTRE «« HOmiVIE. *« 60. — But to return to my theme re the two entities in one man ; if he be ' by the job,' he will hurry on and do your work in certiiinly half the time that he would do it if" by the day " ; and yet it is one and the aame man, and look at your snow contractor : try him by the job and he will pile it in, and trample it down and take two to three loads in one, and on the return trip, he will trot his horse, and be there before the hour, and still there when the hour has gone by — now for pity sake, see this same individual when doing the very same work *^ by the day." SUREL.¥ HE mUST HAVE TWO COIVSCIEKCES. Now he is late at arriving in the morning or after his noon day meal ; early at leaving both A. M.and P. M., and he will calculate hard that if there be but 15 or 20 minutes to noon or to 5 or 6 P. M., whatever the )iour may be at which he i?? supposed to break oiF, mid if in those 15 or 10 minutes he have not time Hlliil i !i "Ml i i H iiii m 111 i ~ 30 — for one ;uore load, he will go home to dinner or to .supper, and see how long he can make your work last by putting on as small a load as possible, and taking good care not to trample it down. And again, in this case he never on the return trip trots his horse, but goes " le pas," and " le petit pas" tit that. 61. Now, THAT THIS IS A FORM OF BOODL- IIVO, WE CA]^MOT WELL DEIVY ; BUT IT IS HUIflAIV IVATIJRE ANO WE I?IUST I^OT BE TOO SEVERE, TOO APT TO CRITICIZE ; FOR IF WE ITIAKE A STUDY OF OURSELVES, WE WILL LIKELY FINO AiVALOOiEs, as where at a price arranged before hand, we endeavour to get through a job as quickly as we can ; while if left to Uika our time, and not bound dawn to price, we also, and so dots :'very tiade, every profession, spin it out if we h .ve time to do so, while quieting our con (science with the testimony that, the thing is better done, the arguments more numerous and conclunive. 62. — NO LAW^ BUT THAT OF COJVSCIENCE CAN DRAW^ THE LINE OF DEMAF CATION and even that i " made to stretch and shrink almost at pleasure. The dume sin may be mortal or be venial : venial wi:h one, mortal with another, and both within ourselves ; as might be a cent taken from him who would not miss it, or from a beggar whose life it might imperil for want of it to stay his hunger ; or even as the puncture of a pin, and though inten- tional, might and likely would be accounted venial, if not in any vital part, and the sin changed to mor- tal if driven in the temple ; and that i« why the man of God will say before he judges of a sin : let tnor- the : let - 31 - me see the road that sin has travelled, what ihe in»- centives were, what the motives ; and else he can not judge intelligently. 63. — ALI^OW WOT All V ONE TO HOLD OUT HOPES TO VOU OF KEIflL'M 4 RATION. \¥HOSE AC- COUNTS OR CLAIIVIS YOU !?IAV BE CALLED ON TO SIGN OR CERTIFY TO. 1 isten to no promises or you are or may be done for in advance. Your mind is then biassed in his favor, and with the hope of the rc'ward being greater you may wink at a shirking of the work, or a want of quality in the material. An honest contractor, a gentleman will not do this, he will not thus attempt to bribe you in advance; but when the work is done and that you have not been led by word or deed or sign, either directly or by proxy or in the remotest degree indirectly to expect a farthing or any other favor — if then the contrac- tor, the tradesman or supplier, finding that the job has turned out well for him, it would be prudery indeed to say that you can not accept a proffered boon or bonus. 64. — It is, to say the least, very t isky to LIVE OR DIYELL FOR ANY TIME UND !i:R THE tSAITIE ROOF lYITH A CONTRACTOR WHOSE WORK YOU MAY BE CALLED UPON TO JUDGE, and more especially so if you be an educated and the other party an unlettered man. For, if you both be literary, both scientific while both of an equality in social position ; then may you be supposed to enjoy each other's company and not tire at coming together day after day, year after year ; but when, one a minister of the crown, an educated man, can Q > i !j:| liiiii ¥ 11! W ill i Vi" m m : ; ! 1 1 ,1.1 ft 1 ii 1 / "'i„ \ \ 1 1 be for years under the .same roof with an illiterate contractor, grave suspicions must arise, that aouie other interests than purely social, literary, scientific ones exist to rentier the companionship at all sup- portable, and 1 only wonder that Osier did not take this in as it deserved to be, this non community of sentiment, the contrary of which would have gone far to disarm suspicion of anything improper between the parties. 65. — TBiCHS OF TRADE. One contractor tries to fool another, as I have often he^ird thejn do, by declaring that as far as he is concerned, if the other goes in at such a price, he may have the job ; and the very man that says so, comes in with t\ tender largely below the figure he has mentioned : how con- temptible. 6t). — AWOTif ER F6Rin OF iiuiVRiJO and which may be less honest than the last, is where an item in a schedule of prices can be interpreted in difierent ways as seen in the tenders for the Quebec Har jor works, where the fault may be due to an oversight of the engineers, or be purposely so specified or worded in the tender as to admit of two very diffe- rent modes of measurement, with a notable difference in price. For instance, as will be re nembered, the item for '* sheet piling " was intended to convey the meaning of horizontal extent in length ; but which may also be interiireted to mean •• per lineal ft" of pile. Now suppose there were a thousand ft. of such piling — this at 25 cts a foot would only be $250.00 ; while if the price apply to " pile " instead of" piling " and if the piles averaged 12 inches in breadth and - 33 — 20 ft. in length, the $250 00 would swell to twenty times the figure or !|5,000.00. 67. — OF COk it$ay he acce[)ted it for " piling " and that whether the price was low or not, that was his business — the success of the cutest being on a par with Darwins "Survival of the fittest." 68 — I HAVE 4NOTHER CASE I!¥ POIIVT and a very pretty illustration, as you shall see. It is of years ago but not the less instructive for all that ; and ifet me hope it may not be suggestive to you of doing the same thing, as dime n(,vels are said to be productive of young highway-men. On the contrary I would merely put you on your guard, as there are still sharpers nowa iays — the world is full of them, fuller than ever it has been before, for we are advancing in our education. Well, it was during the big wharf and light house era along the lower St. Lawrence. The contract had been let for a la; ding pier to one of the parishes along the South Shore below Quebec. The contract was ' per foot ' of timber, which of course meant or was suppose to mean " ft cube " and not ft. lin., ft sup., or ft B. M , etc. You know what a plat- form is, so called in a pier, or wharf, or jetty : it is a flooring made of any rough or unhewn scantling, merely to bear a loading of stone and thus Hi m litl &. — 34 — counteract the l)U')y{iiu*y of the Htructure to rise or luMve its river hed. Well, thi« phitt'orm, some 1.800 feet in length of it, or in two tiers, wan hnilt of 3 to 4 inch .s])ars laid .side hy side with the hark on — thev had heen cut from the hills clo e hv, hr ut»;ht down in loads anil diiHiped into position. The total cost was to the contractor $12h ft. to make up, instead of the 72 ft- the unwary readilv acce[)t for their money. But were the fraud is filarinji- and more hare-faced is with the cuhic toise of stone for hiiilding or wharf filling purposes. The toi^e is a french measure of length, not an english one ; it is no more transla- tahle that is an arpent into an acre. The cuhic toise is 6' X 6^ X 6' or 216 cuhic ft. french and this is etjui- valent to 260 cuhic ft. english, the dilference heing 20% in excess on the 216 ft. ; or in other words THE K!\OI.I!§II TOISK OF >*TOME IS '20 FEK €EMT LESS OK iK DEFECT OF ITS EEOAE IlflPbBT - and in all conscience that is had enough ; hut hateau men will rob you, not only of this difference bet- ween the true and would be (piantiry ; they do you out of another like percentage of what you are en- titled to, and in such a plausible way withal, (the first due to ignorance as like as not, the secon 1 to care of their conveying craft) that you hardly know, if it is all to be put down to direct roguery or not. 71. — YOU AEL KNOW HOW A BATEAU IS BUIET, WHAT SHAPE IT IS. - It has curved sidt's Well these sides have to'be protected. They might be so with inch bo.irds adaptable to the curve, but this would not bring about the end desired ; 3'' deals are used, and as they can not be biut to the curve required, they reduce the cask-like section, or mid- dle frusUim of the spindle, to a polygonal exterior — 36 - ill 111 11 m' III 'v'::i' ilfii or periphery, diinini.shiiig the breadth by abouJi 4i inches average each side or 9" for the two. Now note nie as I proceed : for this is a thing of our day as well as of days gone by. The bott.)ni of the boat has also to be protected from the impact of the stone and this is likewi-t done with 3' deals ; but while the deals, — two lenghts, end to end give 20 ft. or 24 according as they are 10 or 12 ft. lo.ig, the stone is made to overreach them ; and at the ends rests visi- bly on the very bottom of the boat, in a way of course to hide the deal ends and produce the im- pression of their entire absenc-.'. Hence again then three inches of the height or depth of stone within the boat or bateau. Nor is this all : the side deals are so numbered and prop)rtioned as not to reach quite as high as the stone, and the stone is made to cover them and hide theiti also, leaving the ex- panse to look as I have said before, quite nine inches broader than it realy is. Now the upper surface of the prismoid or its broader base has to be trimmed in turn and this is done by making it aesthetically lower at the centre ; again reducing the true depth by so much and piling around the edges where the dimen- sions must be had ; and though the component s<^ i- iies when stratified could without extra time or trouble be made to fit more closely, they are pur- posely thrown in in such a way as to lie cant the one against the other. 72 — Time and i'gain have I had the so called toise tested and found it deficient by 40 per cent as stated, when for filling purposes, but not sob.ad when for building ; hs in that case, the price being twice as I'M '-V't II ii|S m - 37 - great, contractors see that they get their due by having the stone toised on terra firina. THI§ re- sult OF 40 % DEFICIEMCY 0!V BATEAU TOISIMG I found to btj FULLY cokkoborated by my IVitnd HA«i]>iAFORD of engineering fame, whose experience oiv X'liE Ii^'tercolomi a L was precisely that of my own in arriving at the identical figure of 40 per cent short on every bateau toise of stone. 73. — HERE IS A!VOTIIER IDEA. Only a few yt'ars ago our worthy Quebec Jailor McLaren thought the 100 tons of coal ordered and delivered looked small, and took it into his head to put his prisoners to weigh it. i he coal was 40 tons short of the quantity, and it was discovered that the mistrtke was due to some one — of course it never transpired who — had had the luminous idea of applying to the underside of the carts, after they had been weighed or tared a lot of heavy bars of fltii iron which of course no one could see. 74. — TO GUARD AiAAIMST RASCALITY we now weigh all our stone, every load as it arrives each cart or traineau load having to go straight through tlie mill and who knows but what even in this we may be thwarted ; for I am of quite an unsuspicious nature and have never yet explored the nether regions of the vehicles to see if tlley also be not iron loaded after being tared, as dice are, for no honest purpose. '^' i 75 — BOODLE BOLTS 1 ALLED ROBBERS " dcs vo'eurs." This was in our lively ship building days when there was competition and many vessels on the i i[ !BI,1 > I ' ilii -;V liii; ! i' - 3S - stocks. Lloydb, to class A 1, required coppcJi bolts all through inste}i,d of treenails Well a wooden plug was driven a>- for class 2. This was then punched in three inches and a 3 inch copper bot nuide up the difference. I remember when 1 was a boy looking upon the process as quite a luminous idea. 76 — OOVt]RMI?IEI>IT KXTRAVAUAWC'E COITIE^ OLT OF THE POCKETS OF THE PEOPLE but of course the inestimable boon of returning the samu men to power, for the greater good and glory of the ountry, renders all such robbery excusable, when contractors *^xpend a portion of their ill gotten gains to bring :«,bout such a result. The price allowed on excavations for the air ducts was the very modest figure of $5.00 a cubic yard, when f2.00 in cuts c such extent would have been extravagant. The price being a paying one, the interested parties took out the rock lo three and live tinie^-^ the breadth re([uired, and then were paid an extravagant price per cubic yard to put the same stone back again under the name of masonry. The ducts alluded to are those of the so called " Ottawa Buildings " In portions of the tunneling for the New York aqueduct, the price per cubic yard $7.00 was so good, that after the inside arch lining of brick- work was put in, su^spicion as to the fact of the space between the extrados and rock being filUd in, having arisen or the swindling having leaked out, a supeiintendent had the arching broken through here and there; when spaces were I'ound of such extent that a man could stand upright in them upon the extrados of the brickwork. all lug 1 ill tlie - 39 - 77. — mi^Ts AS TO Tin: proper size op IROIV S€AMTi.ii%« for roof framing. The price was 12i cents per pound, the cost price at the time being 2J cents, with no other work to them than punching holes for driving Sjiikes or bolts through. The timbers of the high roofs — si.\ of them — on the salient towers of the wings, are 8 inches, and in fact they are of such construction that iron strapping to them should have been dispensed with altogether or might have been. Well Sirs, you will hardly credit the fact that a rascal y foreman in charge of this portion of the work, Mud of course to favor the con- tractors who would benefit by it, ordered | inch iron, (j inches wide and half a bar or about 7 feet in length to be applied at every possible point where there could be the shadow of an excuse for it. 78. — *2*I BRICKS TO THE CUBIC FOOT. - This is one of the allowances, the contractors bat- tled for in their claim for extras before the arbitra- tors. I had measured the brick work of the buildings in some 51 different places to arrive at an average which I found to be 17i bricks per cubic foot, while the allowance there as elsewhere was 20. 79. — How the scai^dai.ous contract came to be entered into by the provincial government for a dwarf wall around our new parliament buildings at the enormous figure of $29.50 per foot lineal ex- clusive of cement, I realy can not conjecture. One would suppose that the engineer or architect of the department must have been consulted, and if so how could he ever have sanctioned the paying of a sum fully 3^ to four times the value of the work, ,,'i* hi :l! '$\}\ mi - 40 - and which has cosi the proviii ie not less than $200.- 000. ')0: a work of which all the details are wronu;, and altogether out of proportion in every way, and the only thing about it beautiful : the sizi> and ([uality of the component stones of Stanstead granite. This we will call THE DH'ARF WALL ^iCAlVDAL, and We have had the Quebec Court House scandal — again the Montreal Court House scandal, and the Beauport Asylu.n scandal and scandals every where and w th- out end. 80. — In fact it i^>]\ow fOi^fiiiDEUft^D "»e toi^" TO HAVE A $>i4;a]¥DAL of one kind or another and especially were women are concerned as a la Craw- ford, a, la Beecher, Stowe and Tindel, a la Astor. a la Vanderbilt ; so many ways there are and delici- ous one at that of boodling men out of wlut they boodled from the government, the country, or the tax payers. •' Oh! Fid give the world to know her, she has li-.d a scandal." 81. — FRANCE II AB HELD ALOOF, but poor De Lesseps was destined als ) to be bamboozled into com- pliance with the wantsand wishes of his surroundings ; thorijh incident I am sure, more than anything-, on his desire for fame, and the idea that the money bestowed here and there would wed others to the scheme and bring about its final success. 82. — FRAUD EXISTS. OW ALL SIDES, some of ''• • . ■ ' ■ . it legitimate as with false teeth, false hair, false cal- , ves, false bosoms, false every thing ; and to tell you the truth, even I would not be seen in the company of a woman capable of beiiig reduced to board mea- 41 >? on no of cal- yoii ipany mea- sure. From iliis practice others take their clue and stiif a tiirkey or a goose's craw with pebbles to swell it out and make it tempting to the purchaser. An old Quebecer. years ago, used to call his shop boy every night and ask him " did you water the to- bacco, yes; did you sand the sugar," yes — very well, now say your prayers and go to bed. 83.— OIJK «^OVERi\ilIE]VTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR mUCII OF THE RASCALITY WE SEE AROFIVO US. They practice hypocrisy and fraud in almost everything ; as in the expenditure of the peoj)le's money, when with a structure of any kind, they wilj not confide the woik to an honest engineer or archi- tect ; but give the job to political wire pullers: lawyers, doctors, lailors, coopers, tinkers and the like, and even to clergymen : to wit the $1.00,000.00 wasted in that way upon the old Quebec and Lake St. John colonisation road by a worthy ex-cur^ of Beauport, who likely, ad majorem dei gloriam, expended some of it, for church purposes and moie iti returning some good blues to parliament. 84. — THIS IS WOT ROITIANCE, gentlemen ^oii ALLEGORY ; it is the naked truth. How then and when can we return to an honest state of things? not so long as Satan rules the world and that will be for ever or until the people rise and clean out the Augean Stables of the thousand who are fattening in corruption on the people's money, socialise HAS ITS TRIJISinS AFTER ALL - THERE i^UST BE A READJFSTITIEIVT OF Some kind, A DELIVERY FROI^I THESE EXTREITIES OF SC4MDAL01TS FOR. TUNES ON THE ONE HAND, WITH STARVING POVERTY ON THE OTHER. — 42 — 85. — BUT TO KETITRW TO THE §EKIOUS SIDC! OF BOODLEism. I have heard it said, as in the Ca- nadian Pacific A-Uan Scandal : What matters it to us, to we the people — and here is where the Montreal Star will see one way of recouping the con- tractor — what matters it, the money does not come out of our pockets ; if Allan choose to pay this to win the contract, it is his own money he is giving. Not so, as I shall show and no more so than with all our railways which are not built solely with the money of their resptctive companies or shareholders, but largely with the money of the people, loaned, given away by millions and paid for in presents, diamond bribes and shares and paid up shares, positions, situ- ations to donors and their friends and in a thousand other well known wavs. 86. — THE OEIVERAI. SOLUTIOIV OF THE t'lVIAKE UP A.'VD inOBE THAIV IWAKE UP TO THE COWTRACTOB is in the extras : extra quantities or increased prices under some pretext or other, and this is where the harm comes in — you have the con- tractor's money in your pocket and then are tied, bound down to do his bidding, plead his case before the country, you dare not refuse to sign and certify lest he may '* peach " upon you, he may tell, and vou dread the telling and are forced to do the need- ful for him. 87. — STILL HIAY YOU HAVE HOIVESTLY EARNED SOmETHINO AIVD OF WHICH YOU SHOULD NOT FEEL ASHAHIED or be forced into signing away the peoples money, or in other words, paying yourself out of the public or your employers funds. yr .\v . 43 - when the service rendered should be paid for by the contractor out of his ct)n tract price, not out of in- creased prices, and extravagant allowances to him to help him cover or rather, more than ten times cover what he gives you ; and still can I hardly see my way to tell you how to do it honestly, openly and above board and in a way to free yourself from all suspicion. 88. — WITHOUT OPEIViniO TENDERS 1]V AD- VANCE, and letting a friend into the secret as I have so often been asked to do by city councillors and others ; a long practice and experience may enable you to give such information as will secure your man a job, and that should be paid for as it has cost you money to acquire it. Well, if so, do it openly and let there he no back doors about it. Stand out and say : I told the man a thing, that led him to succeed and made him pay for it. The matter has got to be considered, looked at iu this way ; unless your pride would rather let it be inferred that you are more than impartial even under all temptation to be the contrary. 89. — A LAWYER YOV CONSUL.T CHAROES ¥01J ACCORDINC)} TO THE IMPORTANCE THE SUCJECT mATTER IS TO YOU aud what it has cost him in time and trouble, money, travelling and study to enable him to advise you in the premises : what it has cost him to acquire the knowledge he is called on to impart, a fee of ten, a hundred or a thousand dollars ; or he pleads your case and by his oratory — a god-given gift, or what he has learned from other cases of like nature, he wins your case 44 — .ii u i iiili: •i it . for vou — and what tlifTerence is tlu're between this and the action of a well posted, glib tongiied, elo- quent city councillor, mayor, i)rinie or other minis- ter, architect or engineer pleading a contractors case, or a would be contracti^r, before the people, when he can do it honestly in the true interests of both ; and if his pleading, his array of figures and of facts can win you over a majority, or the cause you have es- poused ; why should not he be paid for it, as you have paid your lawyer for winning over to his way of thinking the presiding judge or a ninjority of the sitting court. 90. — Or SI PPOSE THE CASE OF A ITIAYOR'S OR OTHER C'ASX'ii\« VOTE when there is a tie ; s-uppose that of two contractors both are eligible in ever- sense of the word; both present, offer the same garantees of giving satisfaction at an equal price ; will it, can it be said he is not, would not be justified in voting for he of the two who paid him best for doing it. It is impossible to deny this pro- position He can and does do it because his con- science chides him not for doing it. 91, — I Ain e:«deavouri."\g, you see, to ARRIVE AT A CODE OF WLORAL ETHICS, to re- duce whnt is called boodling to a sy-tem ; or rather let it be called by that name when dishonest, and by some other appellation when the contrary. I am pleading both sides of the question, the pro and con, and feel the almost superhuman difficulty of arriving at an acceptable solution. 92. TME QUESTION IS, in a case even where your conscience can not chide you : is it better that tlie money you have come by should be luade known ; that is, the fact of your having been remunerated ; or should it remain unknown. Well on this head, there nre secrets that are legal ; there are moral secrets, secrets of state, secrets municipal, secrets ministerial or governmental ; but they are such or should be that the possessor of them may not have to blush for them when revealed ; they must^ not be the secret of a crime, or of a criminal, immoral or dishonest transaction: se€KET§ such, again I sav, THAT IF EVER and when THEY come to LEAK OUT, YOU CAI¥ HTAND OUT BOLDEY ANO SAY YES IT IS, IT WAS A SECRET AMD BETTER SO FOR SUCH AMD SUCH AMD SUCH A REASOM ; as if you committed theft or murder or adultery, and though fools say, you should have no secrets from vour wife — do you not see that such a secret should be kept, since by confiding it to any close of kin to you, you put them in the sad alternative before the courts of justice of telling what they know and thus condemn- ing you, or of perjury to save you. 93. — WHY YOU SHOULD KEEP SECRET is lo prevtnt gossip, misinterpretation ; for everyone will not be ready to admit that your motives are not to bft impugned and others will or may be tempted to stipulate for a fee without having given, without being able to give value for it ; though when a man is placed in the position of having to give a casting vote — a providential, a God-given favor to him ; it can not be seen or shown or argued, why he should not be entitled, all other circumstances being equal, to sell or charge for the priviledge he possesses; nil — 46 - just a« tlio b.)rn gcMiius, the born author, inventor, scientist may, tliough his genius cost him notliing. make other people pay for it. 94. — ALL «OVER!%IfIEM'rS HAVE THEIR SO CALLED SECKET FUWDS, and why Hhoul not you ; but again I hohl, it must no be a bribe, a payment for future favors— mind that, for future favors can nol be measured in advance ; it must be for the past and for that past only ; and it must be such, to such a fu.l and true intent, extent, that you do not feel bound thereby, by having the money in your pocket, for having earned it honestly, to have to plead in the intereists of the giver for something thereafter, which your inner man woidd smite you for, reproach you with. The money must bn for value given ; else do not receive it and before accepting it, put yourself the question : Can I stand publicity of this in case it ever be made known, shall I be ashamed to own to it and admit, for if so then shall I be forced to do some wrong to my constituents or friends, or to my employers as the case may be by having to abet the payment of ^ome bogus claim ; and if your conscience tells you so, the thing's a bribe and criminal at that; remembering as I have said that while the most dis- honest transactions in the broad day light, or when even legalized by notarial deed, lose half or all their air of criminality — So on the contrary do any pay- ments made in secret, or any other secret which can not be divulged, bear the imprint of fraud or sin. 95 — But IF YOU WILL DO IT AT ALL RISKS, THEN DOIT PROPERLV ; for while, if you allow yourself to be purchased for a trifle, or not enough ~ 47 - to make a show on, or l)i» generous with, piirchnse immunity from piinisliment, or bribe others in turn to wink at, keep your secret; you will be frowned upon, hounded, spurned. If on the contrary you go it " the whole hog" as'the vulgar saying is, and come to us rich from o'er the line of 45 or with a title- even though it be a bogus one — from the other side of the Atlantic ; then will you be taken by the hand, your fault, your robbery, or defnlcation or embezzlement or whatever it may be, will be called by a softer name, as when the common man is drunk *' he's drunk", while of a gentleman or man in higher social sphere, if he be drunk "he is indisposed"; your fault I say will be condoned, made light of— if you can pay the lawyers well, and the judges, they will clear you or save you from extradition ; society will take you in and pet you and you can get all you want from the fairer St'x who adore heroes of the kind where millions are concerned. Yes so it is, in this world, the man who steals a loaf of bread to keep his family from starvation, goes to jail a com- mon criminal as Jenn Valgean in " Les Mis^rables " while a la Henault, the gentleman defaulter is not meddled with : such is man's justice to his fellow man. 96. — WE HAVE IVOBLE EXAIVPI.ES OF THE coiVTRARV here and there and now and then, as in dealing with the directors of the bank of Scotland and some other issolated cases ; but they are few and far between, they are the exception and not the rule as they should be. Do you not remember how a celebrated french lawyer is his defence of Charles - 4« - DcLesHt'pH of PiUianiii ill fiiiiie (the <5rc'iiteHt svviiidli; of inodtM-ii times)] niimii«T BE ^iOPiETI^O €ltOOKEI>, if not with the law, tlien with the judges, when as in a recent scandal case in Quebec, the judgment rendered by a titled member of the wool sack, or powdered wig fraternity is upset, made nothing of, by the whole bench, every one of the five judges S' in appeal upon the case, the judgment revers- jt in one particular alone, but in every one of oS findings. 98. — I have a recommendation to make to you my colleagues, you may consider it a strange one : " HAVE KO EKIEIVDS ". Of course I do not allude to social life. There are men one must always prefer toothers for being sympathetic ^ There are those u — 49 — one cares to iissoc-iate with, whoso tastes are akin to our own. Make it a point to esehew the too cU)se friendship of eontraetors or otiiers between Avhoiu you may be ealled to ju(l|re ; elso will your impar- tiality of a(;tion be endangered. Is there any one who ear. !'ok otherwise than with suspicion, distrust or dis(iuietudc on another's so called friends, where he is himstdf concerned ; can he fail to see or think thiit the (irst (dioice of that other for a job or con- tract, a situation, !i position will be given to the friend. What of political friends — this term is freely used by both parties, in ])owcr and in o(iposition, and are you not, can you help feelinjT disgusted at the idea that the favor whatever it nuiy be will go to the man who votes right or wrong with his party, what- ever your greater qualifications may be to fill the post or do it honor. 99. — WHAT, let me ask you, would I'Oii TIIIIVK OF OOU AL!tIICilITV, IF IIF HAD FRIEI^DS ? Would yon be ready as you are at present to consider Ilim the all impartial being, spirit, essence that He is, the embodiment of all that is just and righteous, purity, perfection, omiscience, omnipotence, meting out justice ; not as in tliis sorry world, to the one the better able to pay for it ; giving the rich, the in- fluential man favors he has not even asked for, while ignoring the oft repeated pleadings for justice by him to whom something is really duo, as with myself and the .nunicipal council of Quebec. " have mo FRIENDS " L say again, but neither have ye a\y hatreds, so ye may not be tempted to withhold the prize earned by an enemy, if it be justly due or - no - he be the fittest party for the thing required. Be neutral if you can, neutral all around, and then can you be just to one iind all, | artial to no one, and your conscience will not chide you, 100, — TIIK JISTK'E OF «OD <'OI?IES TO BUS M\SOM<:iT£D ; ]^OT SO THAT OF MAN V IIICII IS THE FUKTHFK OFF, THE .^lOKE, THE OFTE- NER ASKED FOR. I nuist beg of you in your own interests to take a clue from my experience. I have now been 30 years in the Quebec Civic Service. Before I went to Ottawa on the Parliament Build- ings, I made my $4 to $5000.00 a year by my private practice, narrow though the field be in such a city. I was two years at Ottawa at $4000.00 and of course all travelling and other expenses; and 1 might be there still if I could have been made to -see with contrac- tor's, governmental eyes. On my return to Quebec, my clien telle, as they say in french, was gone and I accepted the position of Quebec City Surveyor at $2000.00 w^hich may have been adequate to the task to be performed at that epocli, now by more than the quarter of a century gone by ; but as you will see : 101. — A mURflCIPiLITV BOODLES A POOR DEVIE OFT OF HIS JFST D^iES, as well as, and in fact with apparently less injustice than can an individual ; from the very fact of the responsibility being divided and difficult to concentrate on and bring home to any one of the component members of the body, rather than another. Since I entered on my civic duties in 186G, a host of additional departments have been added to the service : to wit, the ferryy - 51 ~ fire alarm telegraph, city district telegraph (since defunct) the departnneiit of hygiene or public health, the fire department, electric liglitirjg, telephoning : doubling, tripling the work ; but the ])oor engineer only gets the sa:ue pay for his now 14 hours work as he got thirty years ago for 7. 102. — AI^D BE CARCFL'LL WIV YOl .\0 FKIEND§-TllOSK AIUONO YOU WHO .HAY HAPPEW TO BE SUUYEYOR AS \YELL AH EIVIJli^EER AIV» ARCHITECT— TO STIPIHLATE, IF YOU EIVO^CJF AS ARCHITECT THAT YOU BE MOT JTIADE TO ACT AE§0 AS EMOIMEER AMD SIJRYEYOR WITHOUT EXTRA PAY ; for, because a man you engaged as your family physician, happend also to be a lawyer, that would be no reason to expect him to act for 3'^ou in that capacity without remuneration ; or that after hiring a hand to do your da}^ work, you could Ji.sist on him doing night work or double duty with- out being paid for it, 103. — MOW THIS IS JUST MY CASE : I enjifajreJ as city surveyor, and happening to be an architect and engineer, I was requested to and did prepare plans for, and carried out the work of : Fire and Folic j Stations, Market Halls and all other municipal struc- tures (including plans for guidance of competing arcts. on new City Hall) pontons, pier.-s, ferryboats, landing stages, public ornamental iron stairways and others at a dozen places about the city. In addi- tion to all this I reported in 1881 and since planned and carried out our new aqueduct at a cost of half a million of dollars. On this I am entitled to the usual 5 % or $25,000.00, nud including that on other works lil I i I ! i - 52 — which T am not boinid to as city surveyor — some $22,- 000.00— together $47,000.00 and can not get a cent of it. In fact I hiive for the hist 30 years fiUeil five situations to the city : tiiatof City Surveyor, enough of itself to occupy a man's time during ordinary office hours at expropriation ciises {done for tlie opening, widening and prohjnging of streets — thtit of Arct., Engr, Secretary and Translator (every thing being done in both languages) reports, specifications, estimates, calls for tenders etc. ; and though the city clerk was and is supposed todoiill the correspondt^nce with the Imperial, Federal, Local governments, it was always done by myself; the Mayor calling on me for the purpose, as better apt to do the du y. Again, all the foregoing has been additional to my ordinary duties as city surveyor in connection with roads, side-walks, crossings, water channels, catch basins, grading, macadam, paving, retaining walls by the score, drainage and WHter services, sewers, cleanbing and the disposal of garbage, dead animals, etc. ; looking up witnesses and attending the Recorder's and other courts on hundreds of cor- poration suits; preparing clauses every year for amendments to the Ci<^y Charter and to our by-laws. And to cap the clima.., we have annexed St. Sauveur Avhere water, roads and drainage have been intro- duced together with police and fire stations, electric light and the telephone etc., and for which I also prepared all plans, specifications and estimates, calls for tenders, etc., etc.. and still not a cent for even that ; and again we have extended all the same im- pn.ivements into tower field No 4 and yet ag.ain not If: ■ -^ P3 - , - a cent ; and are now preparinlic robbers who invest the highway of this San. ria would stand together like one man. They might be attacked from any other quarter but that which would deprive them of their right to public plunder. Here they are n.iited in one bond. At the session of the Quebec legislature just closed, Geo. W. Stephens recited the recent history of civic corruption in Montreal. He told how in the street railway fran- chise the city's interests were so traitorously dealt with, ihat, so far from the city deriving an income from the company's operations, it has had to disburse about $27,000 more than it received from the com- pany, and this in the face of another oflfer that would have given the city a handsome revenue. He told the shameful story of the Royal Electric Company's deal by which that company got a ten years' contract, from which it will have drawn thousands upon thousands of dollars more than would have satisfied other firms; and this in the face of the strenuous protests of the city press and the exposure beforehand of the jobbery. He told the history of the recent gas deal by which the Coates Co. sold out for $400,000 a franchise intended for the protection of the public, and left the city at the mercy of a monopoly. He told of the street paving contracts, by which money has been poured out to the extent of millions, while the improvements in the water-works- system, so ur- — 00 — g(?ntly needed for the HJifety and sanitation of the city, and so 8tron«^ly urged nearly two years ago by Tlionias C. Keefer, C. E , in a report that has not yet seen the light, are ignored. He told of other Kiualler but no less corrupt jol)s log-rolled through the council, of the vicious expropriation system, and other means by which the city's debt has been in- creased over $12,000,000 in less than a dozen years. The human maggots who are fattening upon our cities iu* upon a carcase, are devclopping a mass of corruption that is tainting the common air of all business, and the stench thereof will before long wake up the people to the dangers of their surroun- dings. Retribution is already at hand in the case of Montreal, for the people, after permitting all the&e years the plundering of their own treasury and the disgrace of their good name, now find hundreds of fellow citizens out of work, and themselves face to face with increased taxation — or still worse, more public borrowing. With the money that has been squandered and stolen plenty of useful work could have been provided for the present unemployed. They may now sea the kind of carrion birds they have invited to their nest. No city in Canada has been more bountifully assisted by nature and circum" stances than Montreal ; it remains for her citizens to gee what tliev will do to destro'' "»r restore its posi- tion. The same alternative is before many other leading cities and towns of Canada. They must either purify their civic politics or sink to disrepute. It will not do to say that we are no worse than our neigh- bors, and that boodling has been an American or - 61 - foreign importation. It may be true that H. A. Kverett, the arch boodler in the Toronto revelations, came from the United States, but is it not also true that Ouelich & Co., who so manfully resisted the blood-sucking demands of the civic leeches, and who were cruelly wronged in the matter of the paving contract, were also Americans? But even if it were true that others were worse, such an excuse for public crime is only worthy of a school boy in the infant class. *' The naked truth is that obtaining trade bv bribery is a crime of unspeakable meanne^^s, and one which works immeasurable outrage against the principles of commerce, which should be founded in equity, and which, when so maintained, carry comfort and happiness over the world. The giver of a bribe is a criminal, because to just the extent of the bribe given to an intermediary is he defraudiag the purchaser of his goods; the amount of the bribe could and' should have been put in the value of his goods, while the precedent the briber sets bears an inevitable train of evil consequences. The contractor who supplied slop-work saddles to the Britl-^h army in South Africa did not think that the Prince Im- perial would ride in one of them, and that his scamped work would cost a Prince's life; but so it happened, and many a boiler has blown up, many a machine broken down, and many a life lost thereby, because men will give bribes and then turn out indifferent work in order to squeeze out a profit on it. But if this is the case with the giver of a bribe, how much worse is the man who is the seeker of the — n2 - bribe; siicli u iiiiiii docH u vvronjr to his own inonil character and a most positive wrong to tlie employer who trusts in him, and who has a rightful claim to the honest service of each of his employes. The seeker of a bribe is of neces.-ity worse morally than the common thief. Perhaps four out of live bribe- takers never think of themselves as being in the same category as those who live by picking pockets, but let the bribe-seeker think the thing out and see what the logical conclusion must be. , ,.,>» .. ..,,-. *' The most lamentable feature of the recent ex- jm^ures is that firms and companies whose financial standing is supposed to be such as to place them above the temptation to such unprincipled methods, liave submitted most to the sollicitations of these corrupt men. We would not wish to add further to the humiliation of these firms by repeating their names, but we any all honor to those other firms who have chosen rather to submit to the loss of trade that they may preserve an untarnished business reputation and do full justice to such work as they may get by honest means. We are among those who believe that somehow, in the end, Providence will maintain and stand by those firms who keep their integrity and do a straight and honest trade. Honesty is in truth the best policy. Let him that stole steal no more, and even a blemished name may be restored. " And verily though not yet so had as Montreal, pecuniary ethics as Mr. BaillairgiS calls them, must be at a low standard even in Quebec, when as we :-ni III it hi in [ir 111, - 63 -* Mee hy the puhtic papern, this }j^i''ntUj(inaM IniH hee'n Hijbjocted to an enciucte for attempting; to thwart the " Napoleon Warf " .swindU^when a certain cotnrnit- tee of that city had coolly proposed to pay the pro- l)rietor8 $1,200.00 a y<'ar for a right of way across said wharf, e(jnivalent,('apitali/ed at 5 % to $25,000.00 as the Quebec City Engineer showed by his letter to the Chrtniirie^ not le«s than $10.14 a sup. ft. in a vicinity where, when Dalhonsie street was opened *20 years ago, at a time that real estate worih twice what it is at present that the shipping ban fallen off by 75 % of its quondam figure, Was paid for at only $2.50 the foot with goo.l stone stores thereon erected. *' And again Judge Andrews gave a certain other committee a wipe as McDougall had done at Toronto, when he granted in a recent expro* priation case on the new line of aqucutict only $60.00 and costs aa we see by our Quebec exchanges, where the ground had already been paid for 40 years ago, reported on by the engineers as worth $200.00 at the outside, and where the committee recommended $1,500.00, which fortunatel}" for the tax payers, missed fire in i\ Council." Addenda. —To bring the subject of this paper up to date, the author would call on the profes.sion to have it enacted that, as with doctor.*, lawyers, notarie.s ; architects, and engineers have the right to testify in court on their own claims for payment of services rendered ; many cases of the grossest injustice having obtained on the mere denial of the defendant: either that the Work sued Tor had been done, or th.it if so, the defendant had never a^ked or instructed the plaintif to do anything of the kind ; and only two years ago, the writer, in this way, was „ "I — 64 — robbed of some $1000.00 due by the Beauport Lunatic Asylum lessees for who.ii. previously to putting iu an aqueduct at th >- Asylum, he had prepared plans, specifications, estimates of the cost of quite a different scheme to supply the village of Hed- leyville or Limoilou in addition to the Asylum; they gave up that idea, after the writer laboring at it for six continuous weeks, because some sharpers wishing Limoilou to have an aqueduct of its own and they to have a finger in the finances, induced the village authorities to make an offer of only about half the figure it should have been and thei'efore of course iifc- acceptable by the nuns. Yes, the writer has been most unjustly, and illegally done out of a sum of about $1000.00 by the nuns refusal to pay him for these 6 weeks preliminary nighb work ; a proof gentlemen, that not only have monastical institutions to be dreaded where justice is sought for ; but nuns and priests or other clericals more especially, since they can and always do fall back on the inevitable " ad majorem Dei gloriam " equi- valent to saying that because the money unpaid or saved to the institution does not go into their own private pockets, thei-e can be no injustice for which they can be held amenable. 2 Index to " Bribery and Boodling." ftge. Article. " i '• - A''Jf«»s of retiring preaij.at of the Pr. of Q. a, 01 Arots., Experiences of a busy life 2. _ A prolific and pertinent subject of enquiry. More or less criminal and how 1 «. - MonU.al Star on Toronto aldermanic boodling. ihe tax payers pay the bribe." 4. - The subject delicate and difficult to handle ; difficult to judge between the guiltless and the Luy 5. - From a needle to an anchor - some of it triflin» 6. ... An M. D without patients. How to produce an 'mpressron as to his importance. ^' ~ '"clr "' «T"'"- - """"""''^ ">^^'y of the Chateau Richer Church, 8. - Hypocrisy may go still further ; Cambrd's robbery of the Lglise de la Oongr,Sgation. ^ ». - Beware of boodlers under the garb of piety, _ two 10. - You can be got at by good cheer, good fellowship W'y"0"» poor devil by a dollar for his vol 11. - Every man has his price: ff a thousand will „ot do It, a hundred thousand may. 12. -The New York boss Tweed era Dr P u :; -„-ary to uphold the' la^w!- atrt I — 66 — Page. Article. 6 14.— 7 7 8 9 9 la 10 15. 16. 17. 8 18. 19.- 20. 21. 22. 23. 11 24. 12 25. The fever, a catching one : the Allan C. P. R. scandal ; the money stocked too far away to be enquired into. To throw people off the scent, allow some small note to go to protest now ami then. - No serum antidote to boodling ; the tanneries scandal, the Louise docks, the Curran bridge. - The Quebec fiquedrct : the city engineer suspended — pressure grtatir outside of than within the pipes. - Cynicism of an otheiwise may be honest mayor to do the dirty work of a corrupt majority of the' Coucil : " Je vais h Montreal pour faire faire un rapport dans le sens vouln. " Shanly & Parent report. - Boodling all over : Toronto, Knigston, Hamilton, Hull, $25,000.00 to an ex-minister of P. W. - Strange finding of an ex Quebec Recorder — robbing not robbery when no attempt is made to conceal it. -Another phase of boodling: Pocket the money when the donor does not say what it is for. - Loaning money to build with at 12 per cent, under pretext of doing so at 6. _ The church itself to blame for glorifying scoundrel- ism, under the post mortem sanction of high mausolea to them wiihin the choir railing, and burying their lottenness within the holy precinct. _ Difficult it is, said Christ, to enter into the kingdom of Heaven; and why. Tliree profits on a job. - Fraudulent bankruptcy easy to avoid : set yourself up while you have the money and then make it all over in your wife's name. f'fige. Aiticle. - 67 — 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 16 16 17 It m - G^^ve your wife a $30,000.00 dowry out of what you owe your creditors; or n.ake provision for tlefuturebya $25,000.00 life insurance, and pay the premium before you pay your current 27. ~ Treat the teacher and your child will be singled Z ' ^'"'' "•' '"^ ^^^^««« '« Their Excellen- cies. '^8. — Expansive boodlinfr • "^qi . ,. F e uooaiing . 3oJ percent of a swelling in ^ the sand from the Louise dock's $500,000. -y. Boodliuff bv nnfariol o uy notaiial agreement : «i >9 ooo 00 30. - Very n.uoh like ,,ayf„g a pepcentago to rob the 32. - How ,„ „.ord a clai,,. to ,.„,ler it aec.ptable, Th. tortunogofa negative „,to a positive quantity ^3. - Q„and y a d„ ehangement " c'e.t to„j„„„ d. 1 extra. Griard at Vernier's tomb. 34 - Boodling on h.^.aaitarian gro:,„,l, : woodeu v, '"'-tepsatthe Custom House Q„ebee. 35. - Above all, never go security for a cout.u,tor whose work you have to certify to. 36. -Working for two „.a,ter» at a time is not alw.ys er,n„nal, as prudes and fools suppose i, i, "^ 37. - Let a contraetor pay you fo. every thing you are "ot bonnd to n, virtue of your dut^ fo y„n employers. ^ ^ — 68 - I'age. Article, 18 38. — Have your quantities taken off by an outsider, else can you not be impartial. 18 39. — You can lay out work for a contractor and make him pay for it. 19 40. _ You have heard of charging double what a thing is worth ; but have you ever heard of trying to get a dozen times the .value : The air ducts, etc. Ottawa. 20 41, — At such figures we could not make an offer ; but resorted to another process. 21 42. - Please put on one carpenter and two laborers to renew the centreing of the air ducts. 21 43 __" Government knows we have laid out money " in the elections and that it has got to be made "up to us in some way or other — Govern- " ment wants no cheese-paring "— " No, but when «' the rind is thicker than the cheese, some paring " becomes necessary." 21 44 _ One more example : $1.25 the superficial foot for 10 cent winter sashes. 22 45 " No man, no government can sanction such prices without being held up to the execration of the country." 22 46— Sir E. P, Tacb^ then premier, said 1 was " not sufficiently confidential." 22 47 — Be careful as to what you write to a contractor Montesquieu has said, " give me three lines of any man's writing and I will send him to the gallows " ; or woida to that effect. 23 48 — Alluding to concessions to the Quebec Jail con- tractors, I wrote them " After all that I have ' done for you, why not pursue a more generous policy." if p. l*ii;?e. Article. 24 49 - - 69 24 50 > 25 51 - 25 52 - 26 5S. - 26 27 27 27 28 54. 55. 56,. 57.- 58.- 29 59. - 29 60. «0 61. SO 62. . " Le malheureux. said Cauchon. les contracteurs ne 'e payaient pas assee cher." There are cases where a man may make ten times ills legal fees or more. Because a man grinds you down to a dollar an hour fee, you're not a boodler for all that, if you charge him $3 per hour, the legal rate -iirchitects'. engineers' fees $3.00 per hour mar reach to $100.00 or more a day on specialities - 5 per cent on works to architects and engineers or up to 10; 2^ per cent on plans only; 1^ y on quantities and estimates. - The charge on copies when made by a prof sional, no copyist at hand. - Mark your goods up to 50 or 60 above par or cost price, and then sell them at a sacrifice. How a contractor can make himself appear gene- rous to an architect or other patron. Boodlin8 40 per cent on gas, on the pretence of discount for prompt payment. Your official versus your private subscription, sign- ature. Your signature as Architect, Engineer, burveeyor. " VoycE-vous, quand je prends un ve^re, je deviens un tout autre homme et je donne I'autre verre a 1 autre homme." ■ Two enti-ies in one, two consciences : a man " bv the day," « by the job." * This is boodling, no doubt, but we must not be too severe : we do the same thing ourselves No law but that of conscience can draw the line 0* aemarcatiou. — 70 - 1; t r Page. Article. 31 63.— 31 64. — 31 65. 31 66. 33 67. • ) o OO 34 34 68. 69. 70. 35 71. 36 72. 37 73. 37 74. 87 75 Let no one hold out hopes to you of remuneration, whose accounts you may be called on to sign or certify to. An educated professional cannot without danger dwell under the same roof as an untutored, illi- terate contractor, whose claims he has to adjudi- cate on. - Tricks of trade : one contractor enditavoring to fool another, proves against himself. - Another form of humbug or attempt at boodling : lineal horizontal feet or vertical, (sheet piling). - The difference between lineal foot of " pile" and " piling." The price tendered rendered itself evident. - We learu in mathematics that feet hueal can not be converted into feet of two or three dimensions. - The elements can also be made to minister unto the boodling propensities of man. — The ways of the transgressor are wide and many - A cord of wood — a toise of masonry— a toise of stone. — You all know how a bateau is built, what shape it is. It might be protected by inch boards ; but 3 deals are better to boodle with. — The 40 per cent deficit on stone for wharf filling purposes, often proved by Hannaford and myself. — Attempt to boodle jailor McLaren out of 40 per cent of his supply of coal by invisible irons. — To guard against rascality, we now weigh all our stone for breaking or metal purposes. _ Boodle copper bolts, called "robbers" (dos voleur.s) during the Quebec shipbuilding era. - Page. Arti(3le. 38 76. - - 71 — 89- 77. - 89 73. - 39 79. -. 40 40 40 41 41 84. 42 85. ""iTZziTTrr """'- "'" "' "-^ rockets 'atives to power. """■ "'(■""«''■ What think you of fi •• v 3 " ,-. 'ong at 12' cts a , V "''''"''"» ^ *« •• 8 X 8 "V ? ^ "'' '" *""''™ ^f" of only 8^8 p.ne. Cosr price 2| cent... ^ - -i bricks wanted to the i-iil.i^ f . , already far beyond the .nl "' *""' '' '' - The so called Charlel.ois, bnt in realitv „ -andal : the «200.00000 Z f2r""T''' PaHian.ent ->-'*■"„ Q„.be:!'T ';:::"/ ,f v»l.e. Splendid work bnt bad dtl """ ""' in fact ,t is now considered fashion.bl t.u ;«candah Quite sensational. """""'""""'">'' a -^>aDce had held aloof hnf p the record. ' ' ''''''' '''P' ^'" ^o spoil — Fraud exists on all sides- f.le u ■ ^alseeyes.faisebnstlietlif:'-'-''- tical ^vire pullers • f!'l ^.^^°-^^"« P""' puners . takiois. hntpro i coopers, clergyxnen. to do th wo k "f T"^"^^' and engineers. ^^ architects - This is not romance. It fc th, „ , '^ v^ill Jast till the Deonl. "^ ^'"^^^ ^"^ right to clean out' haur " ''^ """^^^ -^ -St be a readjust Jen?^^^^^^^^^^^^ scandalous fortunes anH . ''^'''^^^^ ^^ pockets. But it does. ^^^P^^^' 80. 81. 82. 83.. - 72 I'oge. Article. 42 86. — tf ' 5 I < 42 87. — 48 88. — 43 89. 44 90. 44 91. 44 92 45 93 — 46 94. - 46 95 m 96 48 97 You have the contractor's money in your pocket and are forced to plead his case before the country. If the contractor or company owes you something, let ihem pay you out of their contract price, not out of extras, or extra prices or additional votes of money. One may without opening tenders in advance, render a contractor some service worthy of being paid for. Make him pay up and above board. A lawyer you consult charges you according to the importance the subject matter is to you. Suppose the case of a mayors' or others' casting vote on a tie between parties equally eligible. ■ I am endeavoring to arrive at a moral code of boodle ethics. The questions is : in a case where your conscience cannot chide you, is it better that the thing be known or not. Why you should keep secret. You can sell a casting vote which costs you nothing; just as the born man of genius, and though his genius cost him nothing, may make you pay for it. All Governments have their secret funds and why not you ? but it must be a payment for the past, not a bribe for future favors. If you will do it at all risks, do it properly. Do it a la Renault and be chum'd and petted. We have some noble examples of the contrary, but few and far between. Judges disagree : a whole quintet tribunal reverse a judgmeut of a titled member of the wool sack. Page. Article 48 98. - 49 99.- - 73 - 50 100. — 59 101.— 51 102 — 51 103. 52 104. I t 53 105. - 53 106. — 54 107. — 54 108. 55 109. 55 110. 56 111. It is better we should have no friends. ' What would we think of God's im, artiahty if He had friends? J' xie The justice of God conies unsolicited ; that of man the further off, the oftener asked for. A municipality can boodle a poor devil out of his just dues. That is ray c-ise. If you cumulate the functions of Architect. Engi- n^er and Land Surveyor, and engnge as one of t^he thiee. see that you stipulate the thing and be not called on, as I haye been, to act in all three capacities without extra pay. Such is my case, all work an^ no pay. My time 11 hours for the first 14 years or two ordinary days in one-since 1H81 -14 hours or nearly three days in one. The accursed of God example of a pnblic body robb- ing an employee of nearly $50,000.00. - May be it is a punishment for my pride. - Worse than all, they are charging me over $800 interest and costs on arrears of taxes which were to have come out of what they owe me. Never be in a contractor's debt. Smoke him, wine him. dine him as he has done by you. " A tooth for a tooth, an eye for an eye.' The contractor must consult you-put it all down against him. bill him and giv,. him a receipt. I have labored all my life 18 hour.s a day and only feel the better for it- may be because I fv\ that 1 have carried out the injunction of the scriptures as to earning one's living at the .we. t of one's brow. - 7^, - tage. Article. 57 112 - $1,000 due my wife for copying (6,600,000 at 15 cents per 100 words) boodled out of every cent. 57 113. — N. B. — No romance, no fiction, 't is all God's truth • not for recrimination against the culprits, but as a warning to others. 58 114 — A pertinent article on the subject from the " Cana- dian Engineer " scathing language of the Editors of that journal, MM. Biggar and Samuel. 63 116 — Addenda : The Beauport Asylum aqueduct swindle. The writer boodled out of $1,000.00 justly due him. Architects, Engineers and all others should, as well as Doctors, Lawyers and Notaries, be allowed to testify in Court in relation to their claims. Clericals the least likely to get justice from and monastic institutions on account of the " ad majorem Dei gloriam." :i (-J-