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' ^Wt-]- \ *i* w^^ ^ y-'T^ £ ■I PRACTICAL EXERCISES M IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION, FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, AND THE JUNIOR CLASSES IN HIGH SCHOOLS. BY H. I. STRANG, B. A. HEAD MASTEK, GUDEKICH HIGH SCHOOL. 'I'orciuto : THE COPP, CLARK CO. (LIMITED), FKONr STREET WEST. lS88. (Entered, acconlmg to the Act „f th« r>i- ' ' *;;on^a,ule,,Htl..n.ireIana <-it L^^^/ ' /^^t'c:"';'' '^""''"' '" ''' ^^'^ -- the ojjlce of the Minister of AgrLlture, at OttaZ) """ ''""'''"^'> '"'^ ^f PREFACE. 'le year one t-IMITED), in This little book had its origin in the Exercises in English which I have been contributing more or less regularly for some years to the School Work depart- ment of the Educational Monildy. Having been repeat- edly assured by teachers that they had found these exercises of great service, and having been urged to collect and issue them in book form, I undertook a {g\m months ago to comply with the request. In doing so, however, 1 decided to omit those of a purely gram- matical character, both because teachers have less trouble in providing these for themselves, and because the new Public School Grammar contains a large number of such exercises. Having revised and arranged the rest, I added to them a considerable amount of new matterj including some exercises of a character different from' any that appeared in the '^nnthly. My object throughout has been to make the ^ ^ the amendment rhey would go notwithstanding the rain I wrote to him respecting the matter " ' No one but the secretary had seen it For these services he received a pension. 1 have no information on that point ^m^^i- that I have other reasons. His statement was incorrect. I shall never ior^^x. your kindness. One can scarcely believe her story He that told you was mistaken None that knew him would have thought so The papers were harder than //.... of last year I will come to-morrow {^ that will do If you do so you will be sorry for // \^hat you say may be quite true He went alone, zvhich was scarcely prudent Classify the words in this list It tends to /rm/^:^' the soil. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57- EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. J They had all assembled to see it. He had omitted some of the names. They resolved to execute his orders. He ridiculed the proposal. Have you notified the secretary ? 58. The regulation has been abolished. 59- Try to substitute some other word. 6o. The meeting will have to be postponed. EXERCISE II. Substitute words for the italicized phrases. I. He accused me of being ungrateful. Her ivant of care caused the accident. They were in the same class at school. There were some people from Nonvay on the boat.. The persons looking on cheered him. The patience shoivn by the teacher was wonderful. He answered /// the negative. The people listening to hiin began to laugh. There was no contest for the oflice of mayor. Mention any ivords having the same meatiing. You may find it of benefit to do so. Such a result is unlikely to happen. The carriage was nowhere to be seen. His conduct was like that of a tyrant. They were nearly of one mind. His words were scarcely able to be heard. Such a course would be lacking in judgment. He saw the danger hanging over them. I gave them an amount of equal value. 2. 3- 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9- 10. II. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 8 20, 21 22. 23- 24. 25- 26. 27 28. 29. 30. 31 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 4r. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. Hi ^'^eated confus/on /m .k^ . ^^ expia/ned it r. r ''^"''"• i^'s answer ^v^as /,. " '"^''^^• ,,, ■•■ubmit to it "'e came 4,, ,, J Spoke fn J,- . -^ buffalo. They tried it /„ .^...^/f ''■ "« appeared in ^./wf ^ °PP°^'t'on. ^!" .™^y do as yo i*f 't ^•^-^'-" 0/ us. They .ejected,/ ^ '"^ ^"^ -P"ed. ^'^'•0"ght„,yb4.';f^^-'.s simple, HI Acuity. 'actory^. ed. Xqv. t. f Us. that. led. other. ^^on t/iis, ecessary. severely. I 7! 49. 50. 51. 52. II- 54- 55. 56. 57. 58. 59 6o. EXERCISKS ,X E.voLrsH COMPOSITION. 9 "' pSe'ilre,"'"' ""•' "" """e 1"''^ so,., sur. If you,..antto,owhydo„', you .ay,.„ .,,„,„^,, The new., will «„^,, n,^.;^ j,^,^^^^ It may have A„/,y, „„^,., ■ , j^,.; Who ^r,..,. you „„//„„>_,, ,„ j^ j^^^ , >^ He seems to have to. 4./,/, /this fact h' ^T{""^' ^"■'^' "-^ for do/ug that Hae,,eybee„„w..„.„..offura„iva,.> I shalM,/™ '"l^'^^' '° ^'•^'.^ " '" "" end? I I .shard to ^,./ them ,„,//y-M.r<„V^. EXERCISE III We voted >^ ,y.f adoptio,,. \ •?' ''°''"!? 'h's '" benefit you. The i^dl ''."''"°" '" >" ""S"ie>-cd t.y you The judge ordered ,/. /,„,^„, ^.««„/ "^ He was standing fe/^,,„,^j'';''^ f/'!/'". he left the room. 9. After «/.;^ ,,«,,/, j^ o. "«-n"-ere..M,/..,,,,,„„/^ .. h conclusion I may mention this fact Is: s^:rrer!i::/tr"/--«. \A f-r^j.- '^' '^PP'^>'^ni unconcern ^4. iy^//;/^ to recover it he madp .n^f. ^ made another attempt. I. 2. 3- 4. 5. 6. ;■ 8. 16 1 Ki II. 12. 13. H- IS. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. '5- He was charged u/.>k ./ 'C. He treated thfp'tf "'''"'""■'''' "-^ -'"e cr^e '7- We had no chan'oe^^-^X;,-:""'""^"""" """"-- '«■ D,d you find ,, difficuiT ^l"- "' "■'"'^• 'a They live «/ „„ ' ■""^'■<' •' EXERCISE IV. St/BST,TOTE Cr,AU.SES POR THE IT., !• «^<= 't to the met agent '""^ ^°'^'^«- TCw^rbfthe"^.^ "--'-■■'• Th. , . ^ ^"^ ^ftevttable result wertL^::;^:*--'™^: j^;..-ved:::;i^-- He d.d not act /u,no.ably. Ther/a:'';L^'reSr"^-- ^/i-/«V to e;irn c "^ ^'"^ '^^• •^ "^o earn seme mnn^v I p-^ ^ » , -">> 1 aLCcpted ///j offer. I. 2. 3 4- 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. lo. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. '' ^'f ihe crime. t>t7iojis manner, '^rk. ere. ^ moment. rZED WORDS. fuJ. ct. his offer. -a EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. EXERCISE V. 11 I 2. 3. 4. Substitute words for the italicized clauses. I did not hear the speech ivhich you made. He gave them an answer ivhich did not satisfy them. She returned to the town where she had been born. Here is a copy of the report ivhich is issued every year. It grows on a spot which cannot be reached. He expressed it as a poet ivould express it. He answered ivhen he was not thinking: You must bring him back zvhether he is living or is dead. If I admit that what does it prove ? If he is defeated it will discourage him. 11. He seemed to expect that he ivould be punished. 12. That he denies it only makes the matter worse. 13. Books like ivhat you see are easily destroyed. 14- Whoever wishes may have a chance to try. 15- He may have. said so but I don't believe that he said so. 16. It is mentioned in the chapter which comes before this. 17. He will probably feign that he is insane. 1 8. I'hey erected a plat form which will do for a time. 19. If you don't want it just say that ycu don't want it 20. He did it once and after he did it once I would not trust him. EXERCISE VI. Substitute clauses for the italicized phrases, I. There is no hope of his recovery. 2 I am sorry fo' having done it f m 12 II 3- 4- 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. |MI i Ml! ;^eisanxfous ^^,,,. , . I '^-e'^nf ^^/~«"- told n,e. These are fh. •''■^" * '^- Even teache. r^*"^ >^ ^"'^ '<> c.ns>^^ '9- Another thing „oi to IT ""' "" "ff'^''- ^°' =■ day Paies ;t-^:r"' '-^ '"^ ^««^«^««V he discovered h- , "^ acted /,&,,^^^^ "^'■^d his Joss. ■'i- Vou Would hp f„„i- u ^4- They waited ;'::':'''«'-^«'. ^7- You can't succeed -, ■., '^"^'" t° her. ^8- "^ Warned us7.t If"'" ^«>^-//. " - The .cork W T T ""^^''V * H= started for home « ,^5 "i' '•'«"' home. Th. ^"""f our advice '^ ^<<^^ good seats. II. 12. 14. 15. 16. 19. 20. 21. 22. 29. 30. 31. 32. s. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. II. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. POSITTOKr. ^ at. 'It. % 'Consider, "s mistake 3- 1 t this. j| mt. ■ 5- 6. 7- 8. 9. 10. II. H 12. 13- 14. 15. 16. ndon. H 17. 18. ^^^H 19. EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 13 They were all delighted to hear of it. J4. I began to doubt his sincerity. J5. We have no confidence in your statement. 56. He lived in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 57. The)' warned us not to expect very much. |8. His telling them makes the matter worse. Can you show me hoiv to make it ? The proposal to divide it equally seems fair. EXERCISE VII. ^Substitute phrases for the italicized clauses. I was not aware that he zvas absent. He claims that he zvas the first to see it. I feel that it is a very great honor. He sent word that I zvas to tell you. I admit that such a result is possible. There is no doubt that he has taken it. I expected that he zvould offer me a share. He could not tell us zvhat caused it. The fact that they are neighbors makes it worse We have no guarantee that it is genuine. Is there no way in zuhich you can mend it? He explained the mode in zuhich it is operated. Is that the reason that you are so late ? Any man zvho has common sense knows that. That is the best thing that can be done. That is not a question zvhich he ought to decide. No one will be admitted zvho has not a ticket. It is built on the spot zvhere the old fort stood. He left the very day that zve arrived. 14 1/ J'' ^ ENOi^ISH COMPOSITION. Do you remember the reasons tkat ,.e gave ? I have been very busy si„ce I yeturned ^ lence prevailed ../«/. /,e -..as spj-t. They went closer that they miJ ,,, //^....Wyouma^r^t:'''"^- He w,ll be sorry „./,,„ /„ /,,^^^ Why did you n^rr/^r"'"-'"'- -''''• 4^/<''- & /«rf thought for a little he recalled ir > The snow was ..deep,..,,,,,,,,^:^^;;^^';; If that IS admitted the rest follows No man «./« respects himself would do it Vou must not go w/z/^rr o/„ „,- , Pick out ;.ll ,/, ;, ^'' *?» ON. the same verb nsitively. ifferent grram- "ay have. KXKHCLSKS IN KNOMSM roMrosl i ioN. KXKRCLSE X. 17 CLAUSES OF i ^ paid the fee. , he rules. i 8 9- ke. 1 10 ous. M II. 12. 13- blame. J 14. with it. m 15- d vantage. J 16. Ivanced. T| 17- - you better. J 18. ^qui'-e into M 19. 20. me. ^m d so. H 1 21. 1 2ar to see. H 22. 23. 24. CHAN'dK TIIK VOICK OF TIfK VFKMS. Die papers ojvc a full report of it. They have offered him an increase of salary. She will never forget the scene. Did any one si)eak to you about it .' He has not received any applications. None of them had seen the report. Teachers often lose si<,^ht of this fact. They have sometimes found fault with me. None of the speakers made any reference to it. Has any one tried the plan that he spoke of? She is hi^rhly esteemed by them. Was anything done by the Committee ? No meetings have been held by the society. He had been presented with a cane by his pupils It co^idd not have been written by either Mary or Has this method ever been made use of? Instances may be met with every day. No notice should have been taken of it by the chanman. -^ ^ Nothing will ever be known of their fate His feelings may be better imagined than described. The report states that three meetings of the Com- mittee were held. The names are not given in the paper he sent us. Nobody will ever know where he was buried Have any changes been made since he visited the school. ! ' in I ill! 1 1 ' ! ) II 'I I : , Ml ' i iii! i si! 18 EXERCISES IN- FVrricu ^^, hXGLISH COMPOSITlOiV. lO. rr. 12. 13- 14. 15- 25. He was seen to nirh 1.,^ «.u EXERCISE XI rHh Predicates. ^.*all give it my hearty support. He had no recollection of it They offered no objection to the scheme w:,fr„r''"."r-«-criptio„:nr y Ti, , '*"-a.s only an ima,.fina,.y e.vi.stence T>ey all promised the .same thin. Tl»=y .gave hin, an enthusiastic ^^Icome He made a thor,H,gh e.x-amination ofT T).c a tempt con.pletely failed. ' I. 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. ir. T I >, ' --'n|„cceiy fail ''■ ^ ■'^'^^'^ co"-^Kicr it carefully. I. 3 4- 5. 6. 7. 8. 9- 10. ro\. at she dropped. Lken advantage 1 '^ 'as left him b\' I i9 20. hard!}' be sur- ^ 21. 22. slie wrote it I ^3- 'ii"g:s that are J 24. 1 25. m 26. 1 27. 28. 'ESSION FOR 1 29. I 30. EXEKOISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 19 He derived great benefit from its use. We did not succeed very well. You must be more regular in your attendance. His reply did not satisfy them. That will increase the difficulty of the task. He divided the property equally. They met with a very kind reception. The committee has decided wisely. He had the chief command of their forces. I have visited the school several times. They attempted it three times in succession. Their fierceness renders them an object of dread to every one. He inflicted severe punishment on them. He was held in the highest respect by all his neigh- bors. -verit}'. I EXERCISE XH. Expand into compound sentkncks. 1. The trees met overhead, forming an archway. 2. He star+ed for home, promising to return next day. 3. Takmg off my skates I wended ni}- waj- to the house. 4. Not having expected us they were not prepared. 5- After a short rest he resumed his journe>'. 6. He ate the food given to hiin. 7. Alarmed by these reports they decided to return. 8. He would not accept my offer. y. Neither of the applicants was successful. 10. I kept him in for missing his lesson. s I )ll I n M ; Khl 20 II. 12. 13 14. IS. 16. 18. 19. 20. ihere are others fr. ki , ' On a second t hi 1' "''"'"' ''""• Two frigates cscled^ """"' ''"='''''"'■ 3 4- 5- 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. II. 12. 13- 14. EXERCISE XIII. CONTKACT INTO SIMPLE SENTENCES • I wrote hi. :' eTt ^buTh '. "^"^ ^° ^"^^ to ft. The statement n^l; '" k" "^^ ^"-^^--^ 't- I ciid not know :Lt ;„"^^^^^ letter. ' '"^ '^^'•^^^''e gave him the He refused to p-o anr4 t 1 Neither tins ante'lt IT- ''^ "''^°"- A bolt broke and 7h " ™''''<^"- The.r.oneAia::,'';::!!:;?^''^'^^- ^-■^h.,n.andt,.'e;;::r„!:;;^""'"--f-e<'- ;:e:r"°''-^^''-^--^-t,,i,,„.ed,,i3 ■ hi f' EXKKCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 21 cided to remain- lit doings much 15. He failed and so did his brother. 16. I visited it a second time but found no improvement. 17. He professed to regret it but I doubt his sincerit)-. His heahh returned and with it his hopes revived. He failed many times but that did not make him lose heart. Some of the candidates tried it but none of them succeeded in solving it. 18. 19. 20. 11 It. ^ 't again. I. NCES. 2. we left. 3. attend to it. 4- •swered it. 5- bt it. 6. ^ave him the 7- 8. EXERCISE XIV. Expand i\to complex skntences. Fearing to be surrounded they decided to retreat. Is there any hope of his finding it ? He was anxious to have the doctor see her. Tell me the meaning of the word. Explain the construction of the machine. He seems to doubt your sincerity. He is almost certain to forget about it. He discovered it accidentally. 9. It will be better for you to accompany us. 10. Her telling you that makes no difference. 11. It belongs to a lady of my acquaintance. 12. I see no other means of accomplishing it. 13 It isn\ a victory for any one to boast of He was the seventh king of that name. She returned to her former residence. His successor will have a difficult task. You have no reason to complain. He showed me some goods of his own manufacture. 19. A marble pillar marks the scene of the interview. 14. 15. 16. 17- 18. Ml U if! I! Mil ff li ill ijiil 22 20 21. 22. 24. 25- 26. 27 28. EXERCISES IN exolISH COMPOSITION. 29. 31. 34- 35. 36. 17' 38. 39. 40. I. 2. 3. 4. 5- 6. 7- Nobody but you would do such a thin. On my calhn. attentfon to it he cor ecL it He was too tired to ,.0 any farther To gani t.me he made another offe'r I could not have done it without his help -:rnt^rf,-::;;;:;;"oth:^^ Greatly to our surprise not one was miss.W They were known to be preparing. foTiT ^• Jn:;::e\rrritS'eair'--- Snake-char.i„g is norconS t',"!^"^"'^'- EXERCISE XV Contract into simp.h skntknces. I feel that this is a great honour • Have you any proof tliat he took it ? rhere ,s no doubt that he said so It IS not h-kely that such a result will h. I notified hii, that the goodrhl^ :^^^^^^^^^ Have you heard how the trial rcsuitec He left orders that they were to be sent b, the boat EXKRCISES IN ENGLISH COMFOSITION, 23 ng- ■ ected it. B ^" 1 ^' ■ n. 1 ''' home. B 1 ^Ip. ■ 14. her chance, rs ago. res. 1 ' ingenuity. 1 Is.' ■d. ■ nces. ■ 20. Jsing. B t. the letter. 1 ^'' attempt. I 1. 1 '^' 1 24- ES. ■ 1 '^* 1 26. 3pen ■ • I ^^* V thf» hoof I 28. It was reported that he had left town. He explained how matters stood. I was not aware the he had broken the rule. Those who desire to compete must notify the Secretary. The age in which we live is noted for inventions. He stayed with us while the trial was going on. I did not hear the name of the gentleman that spoke last. It was not till then that I missed it. When he was fourteen years old he left home. It was so dark that we could not see it. You will greatly oblige me if you will do that. It is evident that he was greatly to blame. The questions were more difficult than they usually are. If you do that you will show that you are sincere. When he learned how much it was worth he was greatly elated. He showed that he appreciated the services we had rendered. As he was an entire stranger he did not know where he ought to go. She promised that she would lend me the book that I might read it. It was not till next day that he discovered the mis- take that he had made. The way in which he acted aroused the suspicions of those who had been left in charge. It would take me too long were I to describe all the wonderful things that we saw. m Hi! imnn I " 24 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37- 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43- 44. |i!i EXKKCISKS IS EVOLISH l'OM|.OSITI,>N. I '■'-■If '"clined to doubt whether the statements he made were correct. I hope that I shall find you all here when I return He d^as^not den.y that the elain, whieh they Ike Is tljere^no wa.v in whieh we ean test whether it is ''\r"edr'''''^'°'^""*'-^-''''^'--^->'i,i '".trelar'^'"'^''-'^''^'"^''^""^'*' had caused The question uhieh we have to consider is how we can prevent these evils ^' tote'rZT" "" "" '" '."'""S"' "'-* " -- Detter not to wait. It was agreed that the manse should be built on the lot which adjoined the church Those who lived in the vicinity became alarmed and applied to the Mayor for protection. It was agreed that no pupil who was over fourteen years old should be allowed to compete He read a paper in which he described the mode in which the operation is usually performed. He will be very sorry when he learns that you have failed ,n the attempt which you made. The fear which he felt that they might escape while he was absent rendered him uneasy There is no doubt that they will be surprised when they hear that he has escaped When he was informed that the enemv were ap- rcloseT ■ '"" "''" '"" "" ^''"^ '''°"'^ EXEKCISES IN KNULISH COMPOSITION. 26 statements he 45. Long before her sentence had expired he had be- come convinced that she was innocent of the crime that was charged against her. 46. I am quite aware how important it is that we should secure the co-operation of all that are engaged in the work. 47. When he returned to the little village where he had been born he found that his parents were still living. 48. He attended carefully to the instructions that his employer gave him, and the consequence was that he soon became proficient in the duties that devolved on him. As they had learned from the deserters how weak the defenders were they had no doubt that they would be able to capture the fort. He fired his gun in the hope that the report might attract the attention of some men that were working in the meadow that adjoined the swamp. 49- SO I. 2. 3- 4- 5- EXERCISE XVI. Change from Compound to Complex. You asked me a question and I have answered it. You must do it or I shall have to punish you. He would havegone but the doctor would not let him. The statement is false and he knows it You have reason to fear them but he has more reason. She was sorry to leave and I am equally sorry. ;i'i I III uti IM!M Uii 26 8. 9- 10. II. 12. 14. 16. 18. 19. 20. EXERCISKS IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. ^^Vlt T ^"'''' '^"'' ''''^" ""^ '" ^^ '^^pt It vvas too heavy to carry and so we had to leave it. He .s nearly ninety but is still active and cheerful He may have taken it but I hardly think so. ^he gave ,t to one of the boys but I forget his name He was very iU but still he tried to finish it "• He opened the door and at once the flames burst Hound it in the drawer and I left it there ^ome one told him or he would never have found it. A boy had seen it fall and had picked it up. I know httle about it but he knows even less. • He said something about it but I could not hear it Fmish this arid then I will let you go. He tried several keys but none of them would fit it. exercisf: XVII. Change from Complex to Compound. 1. Though he has left us we shall not forget him. 2. If you call for me I will go with you. If he d?d ' ?^ "^\^°^^'"^ --'• by. came to his aid. f he did not do It he got some one else to do it 1 cannot remember where I saw it 7. As he had not sent us word we were not ready for him. ^ 8. I cannot believe that he is guilty 9. J '-y^ aware that such a course is unusual. 10. If he does not conquer his passions they will con- quer him. 2. 3. 4. 5- 6. KXEUCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 27 ind so he kept II. 12. had to leave it. 13. e and cheerful. 14. think so. 15- forget his name. 16. inish it. 17. he flames burst 18. there. 19. r have found it. 1 d it up. 1 20. ven less. 1 j!d not hear it. 9 m would fit it. m I. 3- As it is growing late I shall not detain you. He sent two messengers, neither of whom returned. She would have been late if she had not got a ride. She was just as much frightened as I was. The second paper was even harder than the first. You have no more claim to it than he has. He rejected both of the offers that were made for it. She would not tell me the name of the boy that gave it to her. The snow was so deep that we had to abandon the attempt. Although we have been a week in the city we have not seen the half of it yet. EXERCISE XVni. Write two examples each of compound sentences illustrating (a) copulative, (d) adversative, (c} alternative (or disjunctive),(^^; causal (or illative) coordination. Write complex sentences containing (a) a noun clause, (d) an adjective clause, (c) an adverbial clause. Write complex sentences containing (a) a noun clause and an adjecrive clause, (d) a noun clause and an adverbial clause, (c) an adjective clause and an adverbial clause. Write complex sentences to show the different relations a noun clause in the nominative may bear, viz, subject, predicate, appositive, and absolute. I l!i I illii II li I 11 Mli' Ji'i! ., ii! Hi!! ■ II:! ii; ■28 5. 6. 8. 10, II. 12. i« liJNOiLISH COMPOSITION. Write complex sentences to sho>v the different I hear, v,,., object of a verb, object of a prepos^ t,on, apposition, and adverbial objective Wr,te co,np ex sentences to illustrate th different mate: d''"^"''^' ^'--. ™-. "^ time,pre ;~:atfSn,r"'''~"^'"°"'----°"' Wr,te complex sentence to show that the words! y, -../.en -.vhere, „,ay begin noun, adjective or adverbial clauses ""jective, "^"daurfr-'h"'',"" '^^ ■^""^ '"^^ '""--J Clause, f.^., who hves in the house," " that vou may ^see it," may have different grammaS Write a complex sentence containing the word thai used with four different grammatical values Wnte a complex sentence containing three different Kmds of adverbial clauses ' ^"In'adr?'''^ 'r''"" =°"'^'"'"S ^ "°"" ^'-"^e,! an adjectival clause, and an adverbial clause. EXERCISE XIX. •Combine each of the lollowing groups into a I SIMPLE SENTENCE. '■ """search' Vl,™^.""'^'- ^'"'' "•^''^ - ^-f"' search. They discovered the box. It was con- cealed m a barrel. The barrel was in the cellar. iiiiiil EXKIICISES KV ENGLISH COMPOSITIO.V. 29 ^OUPS INTO Ai 2. 6. 8. lO. He obtained the services of three ^i;uides. They were experienced men. He began his march to the fort. He took with him all his available force. They scrambled up. They held on by roots and branches. They were guided only by the stars. The stars shone over the edge of the cliff. He wrapped a handkerchief round the wound. He hastened from rank to rank He exhorted his men to be steady. He exhorted them to re- serve their fire. His failure did not daunt him. He set sail again the following year. He still hoped to solve the problem. They have only one musical instrument. It is a sort of drum. It consists of a hoop. The hoop has a skin stretched over it. A company of merchants took possession of it. That was two years afterwards. They intended to form a settlement. They intended to trade with the natives. Penn offered to take payment in land. The king bestowed on him a vast region. He did so readily. This region stretched westward from the Delaware. It was a magnificent palace. Near the entrance to it stood a cottage. The cottage was old and ruinous. It was a humble dwelling. In it lived a weaver. He was poor. He reflected for a few moments. He then agreed to the proposal. He took certain precautions, mm 30 ;i :!l ill!-'- Ill ;i'i: in ijilif 'I'll I! i fill! i!! iill'ii II, 12. 13- 14. 15. 16. 17. EXKHOISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. however. These were to lock the safe and to hide the key. It is formed for h'fe in these icy seas. It is pro- tected from the extreme cold. It has a skin nearly an inch thick. It has under this a coating of oily fat. This completely envelopes its body. He listened attentively. He hears a noise. It sounds like the rattling of a chain. It proceeds from a thicket. The thicket is a few paces in front of him. These two vessels left our shores. It was in the spring of 1845. They were going to the far north. They had on board a gallant company. There were one hundred and thirty-four. They were all tried men. These lands were once owned by his ancestors. They were now in the hands of strangers. He saw these lands daily. The sight filled his brain with projects. They were wild projects. He spent two years in Calcutta. He was in the Company's office. He was engaged in keeping accounts. He was then sent up the country. He was to take charge of a station. The station was on the Hoogly. There is an open space in front of the factories. We leave this. We behold a succession of avenues. It is apparently an endless succession. The avenues are narrow. They scarcely deserve the name of streets. The king was wearied with fighting. He despaired of escape. He had retired to his tent. He was ::h EXEUt'ls :s IN ENOLISH COMPOSITION". 31 he safe and to i8. 19. 120. accompanied by a small number of followers. They were wounded. They were faithful. A clock stood in a farmer's kitchen. It was an old clock. It had stood there for fifty years. It had <,n'ven its owner no cause of comi)laint. It suddenly stopped. This was on a summer morning. It was just at daylight. We cast our eyes over the valley. VVc saw several buffaloes. They were on our left. They were about a mile distant. Some of them were feed- ing. Others were lying down. They were under the shade of some large trees. He was in a friend's house one day. He happened to take up a Boston paper. His eye fell on an extract It was copied from an Kiiglish paper. It gave an account of a discovery. It was a recent discovery. It was the discovery of a will. The will had been lost. EXERCISE XX. |COMBINE EACH OI- THE FOLLOWING GROUPS L\TO A COMPOUND SENTENCE. 1. The struggle was now at an end. The uihabitants were terror stricken. They burst through the lines. They fled in every direction. 2. They saw their leader fall They thought him slain. They at once gave up the contest. This was in accordance with the practice of their ancestors. 3. He descends the slope. He enters the thicket. He pauses for a little. He is within a yard or two of the trap. He peers through the bushes. I i!!;:i I ! n : ! II Int III imi i llfil ill II ll'^l iili'l 32 '^ t.NGLISH CO.MPOSrno.V. 5- 10, Suddenly a branch snaps under his feet A , Srou'l is heard. At the samo '""^^ ,ur.ir k , ^'^^ moment a hno-^ wolf bounds towards him Tf- i , , ^ his feet. ^ '''"^' ''^''^^st at The sailors were mi'iKi^ «- The,c,i.L;r';:::i\~-f;-"^ecK-. 6. One evenin^^. a violent storm arose Tf . ■suddenly. It drove ,h !- '''""^^ "P Their ladde \, r ' '"'" ^"""'^ ^^eir work. "^ laddei was fastened to the rUff tu were forced to leave it there ^'^ The ships followed. Thev tool- . i . darkness Th. "^y/ooJ- advantage of the rent Th ^^'^ ^'^'^ ^'^^^ by the rapid cur- rent, fhcy reached the cove tn in time to cover the landin: ^^^^>^--J-t """^I'eTth" 'T ^^ ^-- h-sword. He unfurled the royal standard. He took n. «'on of the island. He did .n . '°°\ P^*^'^^^- did .> .-M fk ''^ solemn y. He 't a n\me tT" • °' ''^ ^°^^^-'^"- He gave a name. The name was San Salvador. ihe hound had broken loose It h.H • . . master Tf l,. i "^*^ missed ts master It had gone m search of him It hn.i found hm. It saved liim from death just in time to do so. The d^ath J\ " been a horrible one ''°"^^ ^^^^^ 8 b'XKRCISKS r\ ENGLISH CO.Ml'OSf riOX. «JJ II. 12. '3- 14. 15. 16. 17. He had plundered the Mogul. I le h i 1 c.i slave 1 the Rohillas. That was a few )-ear.s before. He liad obtained relief from his financi;d difficulties in that way. He had a fruitful mind. Its re- sources were not yet exhausted. She did not resign herself to despair. She set about building a dwelling. This was to be shelter during the winter. She completed it. She calmly took up her abode in it. She began her solitary house-keeping. She folded the letter. She directed it. She did so in haste. She then went to a drawer. Slie made up a small package of clothing. This was for her boy. She tied it to her waist with a hand- kerchief. They rallied their forces. They came on again They were driven back a-ain. They left many of their number on the ground .\mjng these was one of their leaders. He lighted the fuse. He tried to throw the shell over the wall. Unfortunately it struck the edge. It fell back into the fort. It exploded. It killed several. It wounded otliers The poor woman tried to reason with him. She- found it useless. She was in immcLliate need of the fuel. She was in pressing need of it. She at last took the load. She paid the sum* demanded for it. The suni was an exorbitant one. They advanced quietly. They iiop.d to surprise the garrison. The latter \vere on the watch. iiiiiif' m il I \li: iri I i m 20. 3* EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. They greeted their enemies with a volley. It I was a well aimed volley. It was a deadly' volley, 18, He had been defeated in a great battle. He was obliged to hide from his enemies. He wandered about in a wood for some time. He lay down under a bush. He was very tired. Ho soon fell asleep. 19. The mouse recognized the voice. It was that of| his former preserver. He ran to the spot. He set to work at once. He nibbled the cords of | the net. He did this with his sharp teeth. He soon set the noble beast at liberty. The dog was ignorant of his master's purpose. He supposed him to be in danger. He plunged in after him. He seized him by the hair. He dragged him to the shore. I'his was much to . his master's chagrin. It caused great diversion to the spectators. EXERCISE XXI. Combine each of the following gkouks into a complex k£ntence. 1. He felt unusually cold. He drew his chair close to the grate. A strong fire had just been kindled in it. 2. A bold expedient occurred to him. Most people In his circumstances would have hesitated to at- tempt it. He carried it through successfully. 'IIM EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 35 GUI'S INTO A 4. s- 7. 8. 9- 10. They had crossed the yard. They had still to work their way through the wall. It was nearly four feet thick. He had scarcely seated himself A huge lion en- tered the cave. It came up to him. It laid its paw in his lap. A traveller was drenched with rain. He was be- numbed with cold. He arrived at a country inn. He found it full of people. Consequently he could not get near the fire. Soon afterwards a canoe appeared. In the stern was seated a man. He was paddling gently. He had an air of serenity and independence. Only the Indian has this. A poor woman heard of his great humanity. She wrote him a letter. She urged him to send her something for her husband. Her husband was ill. He was unable to work. He had formerly been jealous of Almagro. This jealousy .still rankled in his bosom. He had consequently beheld his arrival with disgust. He did not take pains to conceal this disgust. They had agreed to meet at a certain spot. He arrived at this spot. His friend had been cap- tured. He had been taken back to prison. He learned this on his arrival. The turnkey often entered the room. He never gave notice of his coming. The prisoner had to conceal his tools. He had also to conceal the chips and the rubbish. The appearance of these would have betrayed him. ill!; Ii'i 1:1 ■III mm "ji I "':;■ 'l;i- ■ '^Mi IIH i 'f! : i 36 II 12. 13. 14. IS- 16. 17. EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. He seized the King. He imprisoned him in the palace. He worked on his mind. At last he induced him to acknowledge himself a vassal of Spain. I struck a light. I took a survey of the room. It contained a stove. It contained a supply of bed-clothing. I rejoiced to see this. Dionysius was tyrant of Sicily. He had great riches. Riches can procure pleasures. He had all these. Still he was very far from being happy. At last an arrow struck him. It was a poisoned arrow. He believed himself mortally wounded. He ordered a retreat to the camp. They had left it in the morning. They were then in high spirits. A Russian vessel had sailed from Archangel. It was going to the whale fishery. It was driven by the wind to the east side of the island. It found itself beset by floating ice. There was no hope of deliverance from this. The officers thought the advice ridiculous. They smiled at it. They looked at the king. They expected him to be enraged. They expected him to order the man to be arrested. Once a French army was marching across a desert. The soldiers were fainting with thirst. They were choked with fine sand. Suddenly they were revived in spirit. They saw a sheet of water in the distance. At kv.st they thought so. EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 37 1 8. The news arrived. There were rejoicings through- out all the land. The only' exception was a Kentish village. The name of it was Wester- ham. There Wolfe had been born. There his mother still lived. She was a widow. She mourned the death of her son. He was her only child. 19. Columbus had observed flocks of small birds. They were flying towards the south-west. The Port- uguese navigators had often followed the flight of birds. By so doing they had discovered islands. Columbus knew this. He determined to alter his course. He determined to follow that of the birds. 20. H ; found himself obliged to leave home. He had not expected to go so soon. He sent them a note. He told them the purpose of his journey. He asked them to meet him at a certain place. He named the place. EXERCISE XXH. Combine kacii of the following groups into a compound complex sentence. 1. The keys were ly 111.1^ on the table. The table stood by the side of the bed. He coolly took up the keys. He opened the desk. Some money had been left in it. He carried this off. 2. Ice is lighter than water. Otherwise it would sink- to the bottom. In time rivers and lakes would become solid masses of ice. The heat of sum- mer would not be sufficient to dissolve these. Miil I I ! ! lil m 1 : ! 3S 8. EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. A superior force was getting ready to attack him. He sailed back to Lisbon for reinforcements. He had left these there. He suddenly returned. He made an attack on the French fleet. The attack was successful. The enemy renewed the attack. They were aided by reinforcements. These had just arrived. They had come from the other side of the river. A short and sharp struggle took place. In it several of our officers fell. Our men were com- pelled to abandon the heights. They had won these very gallantly. He equipped himself thus. He advanced to the wall. He leaned on his sword. He did so with a pompous air. He listened to the herald. The herald advanced He summoned the fort to surrender. His pursuers were gaining on him. They were likely to overtake him. He perceived this. He dropped his prey. He unslung his carbine. He carried it at his back. He fired at the fore- most. Fortunately he did not hit him. The French lines gave way. Then the Duke mounted his horse. He hoped to rally the fugitives. He found this impossible. He re- turned to the scene of danger. He performed prodigies of valor. He was slain by an Eng- lish knight. There was once a beautiful youth. His name* was Narcissus. One day he was hunting in the forest. He lost sight of his companions. He EXKRCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 3'J 9- lO. was looking for them. He chanced to see a fountain. It was flashing in the sunlight. He was ill and v^")rn out. He had just returned from the Black Sea. He had been busily employed there. He was there during the greater part of the Crimean war. Still he not only joined the expedition. He also subscribed a large sum towards the expenses. These had been in- curred in fitting it out. He fell in with some of the natives He observed a naval button on the dress of one of them. He made inquiry. It was one of numerous relics. They were relics of the crew of a ship. The ship had been crushed in the ice. That was some years previously. The crew had perished of cold and hunger. He found this by inquiry. He performed EXERCISE XXIII. Break up each of the following into a series of short simple sentences. 1. The knowledge which he thus acquired in India was immense, and enabled him to be of great service to that country in later yeais when he was con- nected with its administration. 2. Peter carefully examined the leak, and when he found that the wood was so rotten that the water was every moment enlarging the hole he deter- mined to remain there all night. 3. What makes beer and wine so full of danger is that the alcohol in ihcm causes an unhealthy craving liiii iili! ,„ , "lit W lih ii 'I I I mi I •i nil I 40 5- 6. 7- S. lo. KX .RCISKS IX KNGLiSH COMPOSITION. in the body, and so people are led on to drink- to excess until they become drunkards. We must not forget that these ignorant people whom we call savages have just as much claim as our fellow countrymen to be treated justl)'. The )jor fellow was soon afterwards poisoned by his rivals who were envious of the favor that had been shown him by the white men. The small force which he had assembled was com- posed mainly of volunteers, who, although they knew little of war, were filled with a patriotic resolve to resist the invaders to the death. They made so stout a resistance that their foes were unable to land, and found it necessary to send a detachment higher up the river to a crossino- that had unfortunately been left undefended. The rustling of the trees alarmed the French guard, who hastily turned out, but after firing an irre- gular volley down the precipice fled in a panic, except the captain, who stood his ground. While Randolph was considering what to do, there came to iiim a gentleman named Francis, who told him that at one time he had lived in the Castle, of which his father had then been keeper. With this ship he succeeded in capturing a vessel on which were a number of rebels who had intended to make a descent on the island, and brought them prisoners into the very harbor which they had expected to enter as conquerors. ^ ^ EXEROISKS IN KNGLISH COMPOSITION'. 41 11. On the fifth day after he had started on his journey he met with a Moor, who, though iit first he wore a hostile appearance, ultimately received him and entertained him in a hospitable manner in his tent. 1 2. The inspector whose duty it was to examine prison- ers soon discovered that the traveller was not a Frenchman, and that as he did not understand a word of the German language he was totally incapable of acting the spy. 13. While they were occupied in examining and dis- tributing the rich booty which they had cap- tured they were in turn attacked by a troop of Turkish horsemen that had gone out from Damascus to meet and escort the caravan. (4. Shortly after finishing the business on which he had come he received an invitation to dinner, and accepting it, found himself in company with many distinguished guests, among whom he preserved a modest demeanor, taking but little part in the conversation. 15. Well was it for them that they had not attempted to land on the island, and that the canoes which had pursued them had failed to overtake them, for they afterwards learned that the natives of • these islands were cannibals. 16. Though the speed of the horse is certainly superior to that of the elephant the chase usually takes place on ground so rough that he is liable to stumble and fall, in which case there is little chance of escape for either animal or rider. 42 EXKRCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. liliiiiiiii I m ill , 17. Having attached the sledge to his back he stoops to receive his gun from the squaw, who has been watching his operations from a hole in the tent ; and throwing it across his shoulder strides off without uttering a word, and turns into a narrow track that leads down the dark ravine. 18. It was only by pointing out to him that he could not be of much use there, while he could be of great service helping the surgeons with the wounded, that I persuaded him to leave the ridge and go down into the village, where there was less danger. 19. The chief engineer, v. ho had just been relieved from duty, endeavored to extinguish the flames, and when he failed in this, perceiving that the cap- tain intended to beach the vessel, he felt his way at the risk of his life to the lever of the engine and pulled open the throttle valve so as to give her as great a head of steam as possible. 20. Kindling the bark which they had collected they rushed forward and tried to pile it blazing against the palisade : but so brisk and steady a fire met them that they recoiled and at last gave way, leaving many of their number on the ground, among whom was the chief of the Senecas. 21. One day as Alfred was sitting by the fire trimming his bow and arrows, the wife of his host, who did not know that he was the King, desired him, while she was otherwise engaged, to attend to some cakes that were baking, an injunction EXEKCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITIOX. 43 which the King, who was thinking of far differ- ent matters, neglected to obey. EXERCISE XXIV. COMHl^E EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GROUPS INTO A PAR AG RATH. (a) Of not more than four sentences. 1. He became very weak. At last he could not climb a tree at night. He lay down at the foot of one. He sank into a deep sleep. Here he was found next day by some natives. They had entered the Jungle to look for some cattle. The cattle had strayed away. The natives roused him from his sleep. He was not able to stand. He seemed to have lost his senses. They carried him to the nearest house. There he received every attention. He slowly recovered his rea- son and his health. 2. A dog had stolen a piece of meat. He had it in his mouth. He was crossing a stream on a plank. He looked into the water. He saw something. It seemed to be another dog. 1 he other dog had a piece of meat. He wished to get this also. He snapped greedily at it. He let go his own piece. It floated away in the stream. 3. One day two men were walking together. A bear suddenly met them. One climbed quickly into a tree. He hid in the branches. The other was unable to escape. He saw this. He fell flat on the ground. The bear came up It ! i:; : il il:f " .|i| I! It ill : '^*i III III! 1 I.: ill , j, 41 KXERCISES IN EVOLISII COMPOSITION. smelled him all over. He held his breath. He pretended to be dead. Tiie bear soon left him. Bears will not touch a dead body. So people say. 4. Dr. A. was a learned man. One day he was busy in his study. A little girl came to him. She asked him for some fire. She had nothing to take it in. The doctor noticed this. He was going to get something for the purpose. She stooped down. She took some cold ashes in one hand. She put live coals in them with the other. The doctor was astonished. He threw down his book. He had great learning. For all that he would never have thought of such an expedient. He said so, 5. A Roman lady was veny rich. She was fond of pomp and show. She was one day on a visit to Cornelia. Cornelia was the mother of the Gracchi. Tiie rich lady displayed her diamonds and her jewels. She did so ostentatiously. She asked to see Cornelia's jewels. Cornelia turned the conversat on to another subjecit. She waited for the return of her sons. They were at school. After a time they returned. They entered their mother's apartment. She pointed to them. These were her jev/els. She said .so to the lady. 6 A man found a snake under a hedge. It was a frosty morning in winter. The snake was al- most dead with the cold. He took pity on the poor creature. He brought it home. He laid lit KXEUCISKS IN EN(;LISn COMPOSITION. 45 8. it on the hearth near the fire. The lieat revived it. It reared itself up. It attacked the wife and children of its benefactor. The man heard their, cries. He rushed in. He had a mattock in his hand. He soon cut the snake to pieces. (b) Of not more than six sentences. A falcon hovered round a dove-cote for several da>s. He did so in vain. He had to have recourse to stratagem. Hunger forced him to do so. He approached the pigeons in a gentle manner. He advised them to choose a king. They would be better off. A king would protect them from hawks and other enemies. The pigeons were deluded by his reasoning. They agreed to ac- cept him as king. They admitted him to the dove-cote. If .illed one of them every day. He considered that part of his kingly preroga- tive. They found that out. They bitterly re- pented their foolishness in letting him in. It was too late. A lion was lying under a tree. He was sleeping. He had been tired with the chase. Some mice scrambled over him. They awoke him. He laid his paw on one of them. He was about to crush him. The mouse very earnestly im- plored mercy. The lion let him go. Sometime afterwards the lion was caught in a net. The net had been laid by some hunters. He was un- able to free himself. He made tlic forest resound with roars. The grateful mouse came at once. iliiidi 1 h \'M I iiiilllHK , ! 11 I illl . nil ii I! hi Illlll I I 9- 10. 46 EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. He used his sharp teeth. He gnawed the cords asunder. He set the lion free. A gentleman owned a flute. It had one broken note. The tunes played on it always missed that note. The flute was stolen from him. No trace of it could be found. Some times after- wards he was riding along. He was some dis- tance from home. He heard a mocking bird whistling some tunes. It was at the door of a house. It always dropped a certain note. He noticed this. He made inquiry. It had learned from its owner to sing. This owner had stolen the flute. The gentleman found this out. I was once riding alone across the island. It was a dark rainy night. 1 saw something ahead o me It seemed to be a man carrying a lighted torch. I was delighted. I shouted to him to wait for me. I received no reply. I spurred on my horse. The road was miry. He made his way with difficulty. I got no nearer the light. I followed it for some time. At last it left the • track It hovered over a small lake. I reached home after some time. I related my adventure. I learned something. I had been chasing a| Will-o'-the-wisp. 1 1 A gentleman was walking in the fields one day| He heard the cries of a bird in distress. He^ looked up. He saw a hawk. It was trying tc catch a lark. The lark darted one way. Thei^ it darted another. It managed to keep out o, its enemy's reach. It was evidently becomind EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 47 ed the cords 12. tired out. The man felt sorry for the lark. He wished to save it from the hawk. It suddenly darted down towards him. It flew right into his hands. It remained there. It was pantino- and trembling. The hawk saw all this. It flew away. It seemed disgusted at losing its prey. A curious incident once occurred to a gentleman. It occurred during a terrible gale on the south coast of England. His house was close to the water. He was sitting in his parlor. The win- dow was open. It faced the water. He saw an immense wave approaching. He had not time to shut the window. He retreated from the room. He pulled the door tight after him After some time he returned. He entered the room. He found the floor covered with fishes. They were flapping and jumping. The wave had brought a shoal of whiting. It had de- posited them on the carpet. There they tossed. It was much to his astonishment. It was much to their own discomfort. 13. The light-house stands on a rock. The rock is called the Bell Rock. I will tell you the reason Once there was no light-house on it. In stormy weather many vessels were wrecked on these rocks. Some monks lived on the shore. They got a large bell. They chained it to the rock in a certain way. The waves in a storm would make it ring. Thus it warned seamen of the danger. A wicked pirate stole the bell. Not long afterwards he was sailing in these waters. Ii! .■J 48 14. r ■i''iiM'ii.i': ! I 1! , m ! i iM 15- EXKKC.SliS IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. The weather was Stormy. Night came on. He lost control of his vessel. It was driven on a rock. It proved to be the Bell Rock^ The vessel sank. The pirate was drowned. He de- served his fate. (c) Of not more than eight sentences. Once some mice were greatly persecuted by a cat They called a meeting. It was to conside the best means of protecting themselves. Many plans were suggested. None of them would do At last a young mouse got up. He pro- posed to hang a bell around the cats neck^ Then they would hear her commg. They could keep out of her way. The plan was applauded It was agreed to by all. But an old mouse go up She had been silent hitherto. She though the plan an excellent one It would no doubt prove quite successful. She wanted to ask one question, however. Which of them would hang . the bell on the cat's neck? That was^ the ques- tion. A fox invited a stork to dine witli him. Hewisljed '^ to be amused at l,er eKpcnse, He prov,ded soup for dinner. He put it m ■'', a'g^.f»'f 'f^; He could lap it up quite eas, y. Th stork could only dip in the tip of her long b 11. The stork bore this in mind. Somefme afterwurds she invited the fox to dine w,th her. bhe pro- vided mince meat. She put it in a narrow neck- EXERCISES INT ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 49 ed vessel. She could easily put her bill into it. The fox could only lick the outside. The fox remembered his old trick. The stork had paid him off well for it. He had to admit this. 1 6. A Newfoundland dog and a mastiff were enemies. They used to fight nearly every day. One day they were fighting on a pier. They fell into the sea. The pier was long and steep. The only way of escape was by swimming. The distance was considerable. The Newfoundland was a good swimmer. He got to shore without much Ji' ble. He landed dripping wet. Pie shook hi;^aelf He looked back. He saw his enemy struggling in the water. The mastiff was nearly exhausted. The Newfoundland jumped in again He swam to the mastiff He seized him by the collar. He kept his head above water. ' He brought him safe to land. They never fought again. They were often seen playing together in the most friendly manner. 17. Androcles was naturally brave. The lion's demean- our was unusual. Androcles gained additional courage from it. He had noticed the lion limp- ing. He looked closely at it. One foot was greatly swelled. Androcles saw this. It seem- ed to have been hurt. He ventured to go close to the lion. He took hold of the swelled paw. He examined it carefully. He examined it gently. He found a large thorn in it. This had caused the swelling. It had caused the ' . ' -; :-■ '-mx ^'TT^fK Ij i ill !■ w% i I "illlillil I i' f 50 EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. lameness. The lion continued quite gentle. He extracted the thorn. Ho pressed out a large quantity of matter. He thus relieved the animal from suffering. It at once showed its gratitude. It did so in every possible way. 1 8 Once a vessel was driven on the coast. The sailors called for help. A crowd collected on shore. iNo boat could be sent to their aid. A gentle- man came down to the beach. He had a New- foundland dog with him. He made signs to the do2 It seemed to understand his meaning. It plunged into the sea. It fought its way throu-h the waves to the vessel. It got near it The sailors had fastened a rope to a piece of wood. They threw it towards the dog. The .dog grasped the stick. It swam back. It had ■ a hkrd struggle. It reached the shore It de- livered the stick to its master. By the aid of the rope all iti the vessel were saved. (d) Of not more than ten sentences. ,o Once the weather was very dry. A crow was thirsty She searched everywhere for water, bhe could not find a drop. She was croaking for sorrow. She spied a jug. She flew to it at once. Shel eagerly pushed m her bill. It was of no use, There was plenty of water in the jug. bhe .^.^^Id v,r.t reach it. The neck was so narrow, She tried for a long time. It was in vain. bhe| 30. raEllCISES IN ENOI,,SH COMPOSITION. ^ aUe™ptedt„tiptheju.ov„. It .a,, too heavy for her. she could not stir it. She ua.s in dcs- pair. She nas on the point of .nVin.. un A nc«. thought .struck her. ,t „as to droVLn.t . mo the jug. Tl,en the u ater .ouid ri.se hi^r In t,me ,t would be « ithin her reach. She a nearly fa, „„ „ ,.,„ ,,,^^ .,,^^ ^_^^ ^^^^ ■ >a^ work. She dropped in stones Each time the water rose, ^ot half an hour passed. The clever crou- had drunk her fill. Clive was in an anxious situation. He could place "oconhdeneeinthesincentyofhisally.'He could place no confidence in his coura^.e He myht have confidence in his own .nilitl.y tal- ent . He n,„dn have confidence in the valor pnd d,sc,phne of his troops. Still it was n .Sl.t th,n. to engage the enemy's army. It ,1: twenty tunes the number of his own Before h.mlayar,ver. It was easy to cross it. Thin.r! ■"■Sht go ,11. ,„ „.„t ,,,, „„, „,,^ ^»^ band would ,eturn. He shrank f,om the r! spo„s,b,l,ty of deciding. It was the only time .nh,sl,fe. He called a council of war The ■najonty pronounced against fighti.ig. ciive declared h,s co„cur,ence. The .neeUng had scarce y broken up. He w,.s hnnself agai," He ret.red alone to the shade of som^ trees He passed nearly an hour in thought. He came ba^k h..,H T'- ! ' ^^^rythms to the n.^..,^,d. Tucy should pas.s the river on the morrow. lie gave orders to have all in readiness »i: i lii 52 EXERCISES IN KNGLISH COMPOSITION. . EXERCISE XXV. SUBSTITUTE EQUIVALENT WORDS OK PHRASES FOR THOSE ITALICIZED. He imme"^^^*'7^^. were not so advanced in h.story as he had. ex pected to find them, but she was sure that .f he would examine them in mathcmat.es he would find them as well prepared as he could des.re. Hi, father on parting with him, exhorted him to " bdrave well' adding that he hoped to live to see him a captain. To this the brave boy rephed that if he did not think he should some day come to be an admiral he would not go at all. He went on to say that things had co-nc to such a Tass that they must act promptly and un.ted y^ For himself he agreed wth the resolution jus read and if it expressed the general opmion let hem act at once. As soon as the captam return- ed let them go to him in a body and mform h,m that they were resolved to return either w,th or without him. Pvthias replied that the King was wrong. Damon Tuld come if he possibly could, but he had to come by sea, and the wind had been contrary for some days. However, it was .ch better that he IP) should die than Damo- He had no wife and no children, and he l,.ved h.sfnend so well that he would willingly d.e for h>m. EXERCtSES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 65 15 16. 17- 18. At last he determined to run away, saying to himself that it was better to die than to continue to live in such misery as he was obliged to suffer. If he were recaptured he knew that he would be put to a cruel death, but it was better to die at once than to live in misery. If he escaped he would have to betak'e himself to the company of wild beasts but they could not use him more cruelly than he had been used by his fellow- creatures. Calling them together she told th m that God had saved them that day from the hands of Iheir enemies, but they must take care not to fall into their snares that night. She and her brothers would take charge of the fort, and the rest of the men with the women and children would go to the block-house. If she were taken they were not to surrender, even though the Indians threatened to I "-n her or to cut her to pieces. When he had finishea the book his tutor asked him what he thought of Alexander the Great. The prince replied that he would like very much to resemble him. The tutor reminded hiir. that Alexander had lived only thirty-two yeans. The prince said f-hat that was long enough when one had conquered so many kingdom and gained so much gIor}\ The czar asked how they had ventured to penetrate so far into his country and to attack him with so small an army. The Swede replied that they had not been consulted ; but that like faithful 66 EXEKCISES IN EyOLlSH COMPOSITION. lis h'liii' I i ■* l!ill]ll! 19 20. servants they had simply obeyed the orders of their royal r. aster. The czar, turn;p^^ ro his officers, told them that thnt was how a sovereign ought to be served. They told him they had complied witii his directions, and they wanted him to t-iliil the promise which he had made to them the previous day. The tailor told them to wait till he went out and bought a piece of cloth ; when he returned they H/ould hear what he expected them to do. An old f; rmcr, at the point of death, sent for his soiib vho were idle and careless, and told them th£;t he was afraid they would soon spend all their money, so he would tell them what they were to do when they found they had nothing left. There was a treasure concealed m the farm. The sons, interrupting him, eagerly asked where if was, to whom it belonged, and what they should do to get it. The father replied that they would find^ it if they dug for it, but that he would not tell them where it was, nor who put it there. EXERCISE XXXI. PARArilKASE THE FOLLOWING EXTRACTS. Oft did he stoop a listening ear, Sweep round an anxious eye, No bark or axe-blow could he hear, No human trace descry. An antlered dweller of the wild Had met ' ^ eager gaze. KXKRcrsEs ly KsoLmi co.MPosrr.ov. And far his wanderin- steps be-uilcd 67 With an unknown maze Reason He deemed that summer hours sook her shattered thro ne. A am around him bri<,ditly sh In sunshine, leaves, and {\ one ouers. 4- A mariner u-liom fate compelled To make his h Lived ome ashore, in yon cottage on the mount With ivy mantled o'er. Because he could not breathe beyond 1 he sound of ocean's roar. Yon turfen bench the veteran loved Beneath the threshold tree, • ^;^'' ^'"""^ that spot he could survey 1 he broad expanse of sea, That element where he so'lon- Had been a rover free. As night drew on, and, from' the crct Of .-ooded knolls that ridged the west Ihe sun, a snow-blown traveller sank ' M-om sight beneath the smothering bank, We pded With care our nightly stack Uf wood against the chimney-back. The heart is hard in nature, and unfit For human fellowship, as being void Of sympathy-, and. therefore dead alike To love and friendship both, that With sight of !.s n animals Nor feels their happi nes enjoyiuj ugment fe. ot pie, ;i-e I his ow n. mSO 68 EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 8. Such dupes are men to custom, and so prone To reverence what is ancient, and can plead A course of long observance for its use, That even servitude, the worst of ills, Because delivered down from sire to son, Was kept and guarded as a sacred thing. 9. Well by his visage you might know He was a stalwart knight and keen. And had in many a battle been. The scar on his brown cheek revealed A token true of Bosworth field. His eyebrows dark, and eye of fire, Showed spirit proud and prompt to ire, Yet lines of thought upon his cheek Did deep design and counsel speak The band of commerce was designed To associate all the branches of mankind. Wise to promote whatever end he means, God opens fruitful nature's various scenes ; Each climate needs what other climes produce. And offers something to the general use ; No land but listens to the common call And in return receives supply from all. II. Rich is thy soil, and merciful thy clime, Thy streams unfailing in the summer's drought ; Unmatched thy guardian oaks ; thy valleys float With golden weaves and on thy mountains flocks Bleat numberless ; while roving round their sides, Bellow the blackening herds in lusty droves ; Beneath thy meadows glow and rise unequalled 10. Il j :1 EXBRCISKS IS ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 69 12. 13- 14. Against the mower's scythe. On every hand Thy villas shine. Thy country teems with wealth. Burned Marmion's swarthy cheek like fire And shook his very frame for ire ; And— "This to me! " he said, "An 'twere not for thy hoary beard, Such hand as Marmion's had not spared To cleave the Douglas' head ! And first, I tell thee, haughty peer, He who does England's message here, Although the meanest in her state. May well, proud Angus, be thy mate." The mistress of the mansion came, Mature of age, a graceful dame : Whose easy step and stately port Had well become a princely court. Meet welcome to her guest she made. And every courteous rite was paid, That hospitality could claim, Though all unasked his birth and name. Such then the reverence to a guest, That fellest foe might join the feast. And from his deadliest foeman's door Unquestioned turn, the banquet o'er. The love of Nature's works Is an ingredient in the compound, man, Infused at the creation of the kind. And though the Almighty Maker has throughout Discrimin,ii<:-d each from each, by strokes And tou'.' .::, of His hand, with so much art 70 KXKHCIS.ES IN RNGLISII COMPOSITION. 'M y Diversified, that t ro were never found Twins at all points— yet this obtains in all That all discern a beauty in His works, And all ran taste them : minds that have been formed And tutored, with a relish more '-xact. But none without some iciish, none unmoved. 15. At church, with meek and unaffected grace, His looks adorned the venerable place ; Truth from his lijis prevailed with double sway, And fools who came to scoff, remained to pray. The service past, around the pious man. With steady zeal, each honest rustic ran ; Even children followed with endearing wile,^ And plucked his gowm to sKare the good man's smile ; His ready smile a parent's warmth expressed. To them his heart, his love, his griefs were given. But all his serious thoughts had rest in heaven. EXERCISE XXXH. PARAPHF \SE THE FOI OWING PASSAGES. 1. The high value of diamonds chictl>- arises from the fact that they arc scarce. At the same time scarcity aJone will noi create value. There are many scarce metals, or minerals, :>( which only a few little bits b. ve ever yet 'been seen ; but such substr. s e not of value i.nless some special usf is en found for them. 2. Elephant hunting is an extremely danger- is am.use- ment, but it is on that account a favorite one EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 71 formed d. ray. i's smile ; ;d, given, k'en. is. from the me time riiere are A which ;en seen ; Lie unless lem. IS amuse- oriie one 5- 6. with the officers of the British army in India, for it serves to reheve the tedium of garrison hfe when there are no active miUtary duties to be performed. Exercise is necessary for the healthy development and maintenance of either brain or muscle, and hence the student, the professional man, and every one whose calling involves much brain work, should have daily physical exercise ; and the more pleasant d amusing that exorcise, the better its effect on the health. Bad cooking, besides destroying looil, is unquestion- ably the source of much indigestion ; the art of cooking, therefore, in the interests of both health and economy, should be the subject of careful study in every household. And of scarcely less importance is the selection of wholesome and unadulterated food. Se; ng life abounds with instances of great cour- age combined with perfect presence of mind in the face of the most dreadful peril. Such qualities challenge universal admiration when- ever they are discerned, but by common nscnt the most cordial meed of praise seems to be reserved for those who furnish examples of true heroism at sea. That a constant excitement of the mind is most in- jurious there can be no doubt ; that excitement invoh ?s a consequent weakne: is a law of oui nature than which none is surer ; that the weak- 72 EXKRCISES IN ENOLrSH COMPOSITION. ness of mind thus n,ii • ii 1 adverse to quiet study produced i: id thought nd must be to that re- flection w lich alone is wisdom, is also clear in itself, and proved too largely by experience. 7. Excessive heat enfeebles man : it invites to repose and inaction. Moreover, in the tropical regions nature, too prodigal of her gifts, docs not compel him to wrest from her his daily bread by daily toil. A uniform climate and the absence of a dormant season render fore- thought of little .service to him. Nothing in- vites him to that stru^^gle of intelligence against nature which raises both the mental and the physical powers of man to their highest pitch. 8. The Iroquois, astonished at the persistent vigor of the defence, fell back discomfited. The fire of the French, who were themselves completely under cover, had told upon them with deadly effect. Three days more wore away in a series of futile attacks, made with little concert or vigor ; and during all this time Daulac and his men fought and prayed as before, sure of a martyr's reward. 9. But when the morning broke, and revealed the ex- tent of the carnage with which the plain was heaped for miles, the successful allies saw and re- spected the resolute attitude of their antagonist. Nor were any measures taken to blockade him in his camp, and so to extract by famine that submission which it was plainly perilous to en- EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 73 10. force by the sword. Attila was allowed to march back the remnants of his army without molestation, ana even with the semblance of success. Letters were received from Columbus, announcing his return to Spain, and the successful achieve- ment of his great enterprize. The delight and astonishment raised by this intelligence were proportioned to the scepticism with which his object had been originally viewed. The sove- reigns were now filled with a natural impatience to ascertain the extent and other particulars of the important discovery ; and th:y transmitted instructions to the admiral to repair to Bar- celona as soon as he should have made the preliminary arrangements for the further prose- cution of his enterprise. EXERCISE XXXIII. Contract the following passages by changing THE language AND THE CONSTRUCTION, AND OMITTING UNNECESSARY WORDS AND UNIM- PORTANT PARTICULARS. 1. It is the firm belief of all that are present that if you act in this way you will in a short time attain the object of your desires. 2. What is the reason that you did not pay attention to the instruction that I gave you in regard to the proper way in which this work should be done ? 74 EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. Ill' i'. ^1 ill' 3. There can be no doubt that such an arrangement as has just been suggested would have been of greater utility at that time than there is any possibility of its being at the present moment. 4. The efforts that his friends are putting forth on his behalf are not, in my humble opinion, likely to be rewarded with success, as it is clear that he is not possessed of the necessary qualifications required by the law. 5. Can any one of the teachers present before me assign a reason for the fact that so large a number of the candidates were, at least if one may judge from appearances, not possessed of sufficient ability to furnish a correct solution of the problem ? 6. A stag, who happened to be quenching his thirst in a clear lake, was struck with the beauty of his horns, which he saw reflected in the water. At the same time, observing the extreme slender- ness of his legs, " What a great pity it is," said he, "that so fine a creature as I should be fur- nished with so despicable a set of spindle- shanks ! What a noble animal I should be did my legs in any measure correspond with my horns ! In the midst of his soliloquy he was suddenly alarmed by the cry of a pack of hounds. He immediately bounded away through the forest, and left his pursuers so far that he would have escaped from them, but un- fortunately while he was passing through a 7- 8. EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 75 igement been of : is any jment. h on his 1, likely ear that fications fore me large a t if one ;essed of lution of thirst in ty of his ten At slender- is," said J be fur- spindle- d be did vith my he was pack of through - that he but un= rough a 7- thicket his horns became entangled in the branches, where he was held till the hounds came up and tore him to pieces. In his last moments he thus exclaimed : " How ill do we often judge of our own true advantages ! The legs which I despised so for their slimness would have borne me away in safety, had not the antlers of which I was so proud betrayed me to ruin. One very hot and .^ultry day in the month of Sept- ember, a fox perceived some delicious-lookiiig grapes nailed up to a trellis. They hung very high, and were indeed beyond his reach ; but he was very thirsty and longed for the refresh- ing juice of the grapes, which looked exceed- ingly nice and tempting ; he determined, there- fore, not to pass by them and continue on his journey without at least making an attempt to obtain some of them. Having, however, leaped up at them several times and endeavoured with all his might to get at them, all his strivings to obtain possession of them were unsuccessful. At last, when he found that all his efforts were of no avail, he suddenly turned away and con- tinued his journey, saying to himself as he went. " P.shaw ! after all I dare say they are nasty .sour things, not worth havinj.', and not fit to be eaten if I had them. I wonder that J gave myself such an amount of trouble about them." 8. Full fift)' years had passed, and ail forgot, When on an idle day, a day of se arrh m 7.6 EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. Mid' the old lumber in the gallery, That mouldering chest was noticed : and 'twas said By one as young, as thoughtless as Ginevra, "Why not remove it from its lurking place?" 'Twas done as soon as said : but on the way It burst —it fell ; and lo ! a skeleton : With here and there a pearl, and emerald stone, A golden clasp, clasping a shred of gold. All else had perished- -save a nuptial ring, And a small seal, her mother's legacy. Engraven with a name ! the name of both — " Ginevra " — There then had she found a grave ; Within that chest had she concealed herself. Fluttering with joy, the happiest of the happy ! When a spring lock, that lay in ambush there, Fastened her down for ever. *9. No thanks had been voted by the City Council for the victory, and Nelson, feeling that he and his companions in that day's glory had an hon- ourable claim to this reward, addressed a letter to the Lord Mayor, complaining of the omission and the injustice. " For myself," said he, " if I were only personally concerned, I should bear the stigma with humility. But my Lord, I am the natural guardian of the characters of the officers of the navy, army, and marines, who fought, and so profusely bled, under my com- mand on that day. I disclaim for myself more merit than naturally falls to the share of a successful commander; but when I am called I 10. * In contnicting oluuige Nos. U ami 10 to indirect narrative. EXERCISES IN EXGLISH COMPOSITIOX. 77 as ssii*- •ne> ive ; )y! e, Council ; he and an hon- a letter Dmission he, " if I uld bear rd, I am s of the les, who ny com- elf more re of a n called vo. on to speak of the merits of the Captains of his Majesty's Ships, and of the officers and men, whether seamen, marines, or soldiers, whom I had the happiness to command that day, then I say that never was the glory of this country upheld with more determined bravery than on that occasion." 10. From 806, the period of my entrance on this noble theatre, with short intervals to the present time, I have been engaged in public councils at home and abroad. Of the services rendered during that long and arduous period of my life, it does not become me to speak : history, if she deign to notice me, and posterity, if the recollectron of my humble actions shall be transmitted to posterit)-, are the best, the truest, and the most impartial judges. When death has closed the scene, their sentence will be pronounced, and to that I commit myself During that loi'g period, however, I ha\e not escaped the fate of other public men, nor failed to incur censure and detraction of the bitterest, most unrelenting, and most malignant character; and though not always insensible to the pain it was meant to inflict, I have borne it, in general, with composure, waiting in perfect con- fidence that, whatever wrong or injustice I might experience at the hands of man, He to whom all hearts are open and fully known, would, by the inscrutable dispensations of His providence, rectify all error, redress all w rong, and cause ample justice to be done. iii' ;i, 78 EXKRCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. exercisp: xxxiv. MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS FOK COMPOSITIONS. /. Write suitable adi'crtiseuieiits to go under t/ie follozviug Jieadings. I. House to Let 2. Farm for Sale. 3. Situation Wanted. 4. Teacher Wanted. 5. Tenders Wanted. 6. Stray Cattle. 7. Lost. 8. Com- menced Business. 9. New Goods. 10. Selling off. II. Found. 2. Write short accounts for your local paper of the folloicing. I. School Examination. 2. Church Social. 3. S rious Accident. 4. Runaway Team. 5. Fire. 6. Burglary. 7. School Pic-nic. 8. Township Show. J. Write letters and business forms su i table for the folloiv- ing purposes. I. Applying for a position as clerk. 2. Applying for a position as teacher. 3. Subscribing for a paper. 4. Enclosing an account and asking payment. Acknowledging the receipt of money and enclosing receipt. 6. Ordering goods. 7. Notification by secretary of a meeting to be held. 8. xA.sking for information. 9. An invitation. 10. An.swers to an invitation. ^. Write short compositions on the following. I. The use of studying History. 2. Alfred the Great. 3. The Armada. 4. Oliver Cromwell. 5. The Peninsular War. 6. Champlain. lie U T 17 3. Jl I. Loyalists. 8. The War of 18 12. 9, How EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. -y Canada is governed. lo. Rain. 1 1. The Gulf Stream. 12. The influence of cHi.iate on character. 5. Write short covipositions on the folloiving. I. The Benefits of Commerce. 2. The evils of Intem- perance. 3. Nev.-spapers. 4. The value of Punctuality. 5. The evils of Procrastination. 6. The Art of Printintr. 7. Dominion Day. 8. Railroads. FINIS.