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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commen^ant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — »• signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fiimds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. ' errata d to It le pelure, :on d n 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 No Dynasty in North America. THE WEST BETWEEN SAET WATEItS. HUDSON BAY A f REE BASIN LIKE THE &EF OE MEXICO. HUDSON STRAIT A FUKI': (iATK UKK TIIH ST U AIT OF 1'1.0R11>A. MANITOBA LlKi: LOUISIANA A MAIUTIMK STATE. NORTH AMERICA FOR CITIZENS, NOT FOR SUBJECTS. TIIK WEST AND ITS ^VAYS OUT TO THH COAST AND IX KllO.M Till'] OCHAN. MISCELLANY. BV THOMAS S. FEEXOK !• H [ L .\ B r; r, P H T .V : P R E 8 S or H i: X R Y IJ. A S 11 .M K A D, NO.S. 1102 AM' 1101 .SAS.-iO.\l .SrUKKT. 1S7S. Kiiti.Tc'1 Mcciinliiij: III Art III' Ciiiil;!'.'". in thi> vear IS7S. liy 'iiio.MAs s. ri:i;N()N, 111 tlie (iI1'k-c uf 111!' I.iliiiui.iii lit' Ciiiii'rcss. ill \V:i-liiiii^tiiil. I NO DYNASTY IX XdltTII A.MIHilCA. I CHAPTER I. TllK iitlas of the wovlil coiitMiiis no iinlitical outliiu' so •• rajri^cil edced" as tlie J)()iniiiioii uf Canada, made \i|) of iiii.-allird proviiKH'S in sincle file like Indians on a trail, nowhere two ahreast ; and of whifh it may he said, could the aulonoiiiic wonder he dest.-ihed, that Mani- toha is its chest, with one hwiX thaweil in the grain-growing smnnier solstice, the other lung hloekaded with iee throughout the year; its waist the wasp girth of ground l.etwecu Lake Superior and .lames J>av ; Nova Sotia its heel; and Newfoundland the hig toe of its " hest foot put foremost" among the li>lies. The Dominion of Canada was organized contemporaneously with the military adventure of Napoleon the Third in Mexico, during the rebellion of the Potonuic Piio-Graiide States. ]N()l-ion '-not Avisely hut too well," when they went out at the side doors open south, are reinstalliMl in their old places and duties uiuler the invin- cible Constitution, which, to preserve liberty in the Kepublie and union among the States, can take shape to meet necessities, can carry guns like a ship and be reefed and unfurled like a sail, to suit the weather of the times; ami the prodigal sons of secession, willing to serve the country, break bread in AVashington and divide appropriations in Congress with representatives of the States that continued steadfast; and so the four quarters of the country, named after the cardinal points, are all cemented in the joints dovetailed in the LTnion shield, and every State is a staiulard star on the national flag. The American citizen is always and everywhere gladdened by the ensign of his nationality; and the sultject in political fetters is cheered bv the stars and stripes, radiant in the ports of the world penetrated by Americaii shijis. with colors ;it the mast-head, free in the wind and bri|(ntisiii I Willi! M iruii^ition tVoiii I)(Piiil!i,Ln' itt" tlic iiiiii'l to liberty oF spcccli aiiil iictinii ! 'riiri)ii!j;li its {Ian; the Aiiici'ii';iii I'liinii is visible, iis tliroiii'li tlir rM'iiiiiiiiiMit tlic iiiiivcrsi' is ciiiiiiprclii'iisiblc ; ami tlio lianiioiiv aiiKiiii: the States that iiidvc in the I'liidii is iileiifical with tlu; liaiiii'iny anions' the (irlo that iiiove in space. Jiift u}) your tlioiiirhts, oil ye politieiaiis in (Jongre.-s, and hjnk ovei' Nurtli Anieriea, ye rulers in WashiiiL'ton I I'evniel the Kio (Jramle neiirhbnv Mexico is an iii(le|ieiiilent Repub- lic : whereas the i'ouiiiiion north of a houmlary line et' many crooks ami few tan^ents^ though cradled in "g>'eat (>.\peetation>," an empire in emhrvo. lor a I'riiiee of the House of JIanover, or some one of its ehoosiiii:. is iineiiltivahle for eoreal and fibrous ei'o|is in two-thirds or more of its superficial sipiare miles. "Only partially thawed in summer." says the geograiiliical cliart, on the polar side of a climate line throuj^h the Uritisli Possessions ; and white bear, reindeer, and walrus, says the same cliai't, above a climate line deseiibed as the '• northern limit of barley and trees," ■which crosse- Slave liiike and intersects Hudson Wny near the mouth of Ni'lsou Iviver. The arctic hiirldands and islands and the icy seas and sounds between Alaska and Ijallin Ibiy. and from the sixtieth parallel to the ,,(de. mav be con>idered British teri'itnrv to expand the circumference of empire, and perha})< coinnu'iid the Duminion to adventurous trap- j)ers. sanguine fur traders, and rash navigators in search of the iiiaLrnetic iioint and the northwest itassagc: but for jiovernmental jiurposes these considerations are of minimum account, even thoutTli the Esquimaux be assessed as trilmters for mining for fishes in fissures in the ice. And Europeans, when they compare localities in high latitudes in North America with localities on corresponding lines in their own country, ought always credit their niilder home climate to the Gulf Stream which passes a tepid river between banks of colder Avater from the Florida Strait to the British islands, and via the North Sea to Norway; whilst the arctic current, with Greenland's icebergs adrift in its waters, cold almost to the freezing imint. prolongs the embar<'-o of winter in the St. Lawrence, and defers the oiieiiini'' of navi<'-ation to Quebec and JNIontreal till more than half the season of sprin", always a busy time, is pa.-t and gont'. ^loreover, it is wicked, because it is deception, to inscrilie on a map of the Dominion of Canada "latitude of London aO'^ ;}0'" alhwai't Lake Winiiiiieij;, where in midwinter the meicurv sinks to fiftv de"-rees below zero, and has been cast into balls in bullet moulds, for ocular di'inonstration. 5 True, there .'ii'e prairie Iiottoins. ii|il;iriil terraces, anil little ami Iai';:o nase< ill tlie \\ iniii|iet:' lia>iii. lietwecn the iiiteriuiliniial IimiiihI.ii'V t'eiicu ami ihe JMiilicriiial limi, tn ai;ri('iili lire. Anil tlie 1 )niiiiiii()ii j,-:iverii- iiieiit. with tlie |iriM'ee(|> n|' |(iaii> iieu''i'iateil in the •• nmiher eminti'V," is ti'aversini: hninininn terniory wiih the Cana'la raeilii; IJaihsay tliroiiLch tweiitv-seven hiiinlreil (:i7'"l) mih's nf wihleriiess, tVoin Mont- real via Ottawa. Serliek. and /ellow lleail Pass, to the I'arilic waters. I>iit it is. neverthele.-s. a I'aei 'lisiiaratiiiii: to the hmninioii that, of the Kiiropeans who fir.>t lanil in ('anada, many soon jiiish on thrniiLrh it into the States; so an eniii_'rant via ihi' huminion is an inmiiLTiant in the I nion. and hi'iiei'. not wit 'isiandinLT thai <^>iielpee was roiiinled ill liii'S, iinil is Older than X. "■ ^'ol■l< city, and Seili(d< in Manitoha was settled fii'ty years In Inre Minne-ola. New Ynvk city to-iiay con- tains as many iiihaliitants as twenty (Jiiebecs. whei'cas the white ])o])iilatioii ill .Miniiesot.v is more than tliiity-;i\ times the white and half'-hrced ])()|)iilatioii of Manitoha. New \'nik State contains a lai\t;er po]>ulation than the whole hoiiiinion oii, in the l>utch service, entered the waters of New York I>ay. In Jji'itish ('(diimhia ;L'old was discovered in IS-'i!^. twenty yeai's a<:o ; but Washiniiiton Territory, on the Union side ot' the temporary boundary fence, and which never allured ixidd-hiinters. cniitains more than twice the population (d' its J)riti>h neii;h!)or. Why? Hecaiise one is part of the American Ikejjublie, the other is a dei)ende;icy of a foreiixu kingdom. In one place the man is a citiziii. where patent- rights are restricted to discoveries and inventions in the sciences und arrs : the other is a subject who owes a]le:;ia.nce to a far-away dynasty, Avliere titles are inheritable and >ociery is ))ortioned into ca.stes, as railway freight is portioned into (dasses. Witness : Si|il;iii- .M ilc.<. Ccll-il^. Wjiili' l'u|Mllilli(ili. Wasliington Territory, I'.lt.lHU ISTO liii.l!*.") British Columbia, :il:!.OiMi l.sTl ]()..-.S(; The Hudson I>av Comiianv's charter, dateil Mav -, ItiT'l. exiiired in IH.V.b Lord Serliek (ditained a grant of land on IJed liiver in 1811, and in iSld he arrived at his colony with a military escort. In ISIG the site of Chicago was in the Northwest Territory, and the Missouri Territory west of the Mississippi Uiver was bounded on the south by the State of Louisiana, and on the north by British America. Indiana Avas the frontier State, admitti'il into the I'nioii December 11, IM'l. When, thei'efore. Lord Serliid< visited his set- tleuieut on Ued Kiver, in ISlt!. via Hudson Lay ami the portages 1 Im'Iwc(mi "'York F:ictnn*' ainl Scrlidv, I'Minii doinfiin wiis wiMcniosx \\v-t i>\' I. like Miclii-an : l^i .Miiiii'> an \\;i- iiut urLiMiii/.cil ii> ;i T.Tfi- tiivy till MiU'i'li M, ISI'.I. iiiiil WHS not iuliiiitti'd as a .Slulc nil Fcliruiiry liii, 1(S.'>7. ('.,iii|,Mii..'ii. .S(|.iiiic .Milc<. I'm-il-. l'H|.iil;iliMii. .Miiiii.sMt;!, ^"..•■'•■;i I ^70 4:}S,"2:)7 MaiiiiolKi. •_'.Mil,7:;4 isTl ll.'.tii;'. Tliu i)ii|iuliitinii ;it ill!' scitlciiiciits (Ml l{i;il liivcr ami llic As>iiii- boiii ill lS4;i was .')14-'>. Ill .Miiiiicsdtii tlic wliiro.s only arc (•iiiiiitcil ; in M;iiiiinlia. cciisiis of l>iTl, iIm' liall'-livccils arc iiiclinlcil witli the whites. At the time of Lord Scrlirk's visit t(. ]{eil liivev in 1 SKJ, tlitM'e were niilv ei-ht.'cii ,"T7. which is more than twice the total of L)oiiiinion ]io|)iihilion. ' Here is what Minnesota. Manitoba'^ nciirhhor. has done in the way of ifrowth and increa.-e : l())iiihition, Minnesota, 1S40. <;.n77 18G0. 17:2.(»-:5 1870. 438,257 Maiiitolia. in l-'^'U contained id' whiles and half-hrceds ll,0()o. This, imleeil. is a contrast in increase, in consi(lcrinL; which it is M<'11 to I'cincniher that the Ui-cneh fur trmlers had |icnetrateil into the Jicd River region iVoni llinlsmi P);iy. and al>o from Lake Superior, more than a hundred years anterior to L(n'd Serlick's visit in JSK't. l'"oit Jwtiirhon. now York Fort, was huilt hv the Freiieh, who held it from l()It7 to 1714. when jiosses>ion was surrendered to the English. Manitoba, therefore, cannot urge insulation as a cause of its small ])o))ulalion, he/ause its twn routes with portages gave it as good conimiiiiicalions to the seahoard as were available across the Allegheny Mountain to the Ohio liiver. prior to the opening of the Ibiltiinore ami Ohio Kailroad to ^Vheeling. llth January, iSTjo. and the I'eiiu- svtvaiiia Hailroad to I'ittsbiiriih. Mill Fibruarv. ISod. Ohio con- tiiiiicil over two tuillions ot" ]in, .iljitidii licrorc ii riiilwiiy ti':icl\ crn^-^nl its Idiiiinhirv line. •• Till' star of ciiiiiii'o \vrst\\;iiil Innk its wiiv " at a vcrv early dav across I'ciiii-vh aula ami N'irLrinia. aidl lln' iVniiiJcr Slate was oil tlie we^t liaiik of the .Mi-si>^i|i|ii llivel'. o|i|)osile llie iiioiitli ol' the (>hio liiver. heiure the railway was in piihlic ii>e even ill Kii<:laii(K the laiiil of" its invcntiidi and lirst foiistnictioii. No. no, it is lis a Slate that Maiiiloha may more rcasonaldy expect to aliiaet immigration, t'oi- the slraiiL't'i' tVoiii afar uoiiM then timl williin it the '• liliertv. ('(iiialitv, and tralernilv' which lie crossed the ocean to •'It • enjoy, in personal expericiue- and domestic comforts. 'i'lierc are no llanj.'<''l family shoes worn in the rnion to keep the son on tlic father's tra(d\'. like a car with ilaiiL^cd wheels coupled to a car ahead, for here man is free to make a >ell'-prope|liii;_f motm' (d" liis l)raiii power: whereas to move a train, or even a car. a steam eiiifiiie is a necessity. Sclf-ndiance in mundane matters is the American mental characteristic, and the oh-ervanl alien plant> his hoy in Amer- ican irronnd to mow an American citizen and enjoy freedom in maii- liooil. The scion is not e.\])ecteil to triidire hehind his sire, who succeeded his ;Lri'aiidsire, hut, oil the contrary. t<> strike out for hinis(df, when nioveil liy inwanl capacity for advanceiiient. Where there are privilcireil orders to he fed and kept fat for society show-heef and hirds. and lioiioi's. coninii--e may he. like the wheel of a lottery eontainin^f a lew iirize immhers and manv hlanks : liiit where the ijo(hless Fortune is neither fettered nor hlindtohled, and there is free admission to the industi'ies and tin professions, and all the human pursuits wlii(di employ civilized society are open opportunities to necessity and amlution. fortune has noihiiiL: to do with the choice of service, hut oidv with the delivery of the compensations and prizes in dollars and distinctions. And hence we see in the hiLdi jdaccs in Washin. I'nidic o]iiiiioii is a [icrvadiii;: powt-r. triidiiii; iiior<' and ninrc lo a iircvailiii;.' inlliii'iKM' in caliinct. council, and i'ain|i. Tiii^t in (lod and Ilis |iin'|M)S(.s, and nicaiitiiiif rciv on yoiirx-lt", and ill lioiic^t w.tyH strive for lionoraMv ends. And this is triii- of naiiiiis ,is ol' individuals: for a nation in its ;.rovt'rnin;; force is one iiian niiiltij/icd li_v iiiany. as. indeed. i> tlir |iii|i(j!ation oftlieeartli tlie jio^teritv toi'y exeeiit ruins. Mrforc attrni|piini:- to rore(rast prohahilitics. watch ciirrtnf events, and wi'iij;h the nifn in liiL'h jilaces, as wiather d<»ctors consult the haromcIiT, to a^i-crlaiii llif pressure of the atiiio-pheiv. and the tlu'r- liioiiieler. which telU the de;^n'ee of tenipcratiire Thus the weather-vane and mei-eiiiy-tiihe do iiiiicli for man: and the e(|iiivalcnt 'd' wha'soevi'i" lias hceii ai conijilished is possible of repetition: ami where the peopi" are intellit'ent. and incuinhents of oHice are iiatrintic to cuiinti'v and true to duty, the ends attained tend to the eoimnon unoil orniankind: for developnieiits due to men- tal and moral causes ilispel superstition and illuminate ilarkncss. I''ranee is a llame in a liidiihou-e lantern on a coast strewn with wrecks, and l'iiri> is an illuminated e!oid< to the capitals of Euro[)e, where (dironidiieters are not corrected to the •«un on the nieriiliaii. hut are regulated to the phases df ailairs. on dilVereiit faces for .separatehowiiig the hour aiid minute in all till' principal cities around the glohe. There are other eruption^ he^-ides vidcanoes which burv cities, and there are subterranean fires other than tho«e in the bowels of the earth, which make its siiiiiiei' tretiihh- and its cru>t crack : for public opinion aroused in iinger can pour out a wrath as sure to overwhelm as lava iiourcMl from a crtiter is (;crtain to harden in a winding-sheet. I'mler the KepuMic. since Fidiriiary, ]>^n. France has achieved more than apjie.ired po. so rcvolii- li"ii. with il- I li'iiK'iit» ill aiij:.T, is a ^aiiitarv a;:"iil wlici'i' ilyiia>tic aliii>i'> nil 'ImI llic SCI I sf nf practical ccinicdn v ami ilctci'ior.ilc I he piiMic imiiimI- ami [luliiii'Ml liralili. A ilvii.i't,- i- a |iici't' n\' lmmhikI walcfcil liy in'i,L.'Mtiiui like a cranlicrry patch or a rice plaiitatidH, aid prndiiccs rc>iilts accorijii)!.' as it i> jV.] with the rainfall »[' other lainl. tliroii;j;li the wiifks (if (itlier liaiiiU. A rcpnhlic of tree states is an urcharij of IViiit-tri IS ; it hhissoiiH ami hcar.«. A pliiii'_r|i turns a I'nir'tw aid hreaks the L'rnuiiij lor a new crop. Ami revolution inrns the «iili-oil iippcrnio.»i to lnirv ilie tian era, would have hecii prolon^reil throiiirh more centiirie<. To revolution hmnanitv i> imlel'teil t'or the Ainericaii I nioii. the climax ol' tree ;;overniiienI. at the dale of the I >cclaratioii of Indi peiideiice. and aUo at it- centennial celchraiioii. Ilcvoliiiion is piihlic opinion e\pre«>cd ^iiece-isfully : and no '^•overniiient can didy or i;:iiore puhlic opinion with impimiry. for it is everywhere the supreme ])ow('r. when it approximates iinaiiimiiv in JmlL'UK'nt and aciion. llow careful and prompt are the aiiihassaihu's and ministers of kinirs and (pieeiis oil the chessdpoard id' Kiirope, to make a case or an excuse for a transaction or a treaty ! llow anxi'iu< they are to make sharp prac- tice ]iass for fair phiy ! as. for instance, w hen A u>l ria w a> told to cai'vc two holies otV Turkey. thrnia and ller/,ei.rovina were not to he as.»ii^ne important facts are coinmunicate'l siiiiul- taiieoii>ly to all nun who read iiew^papi'i's and draw coiiclii^ioiis. The telei:ram travel* fa-ter in wire to circulate the iiew>, than the earth turns on its axis to ;.'reet the >uii : sleamships straight-line the oceans, and locomotive enL'ines racc-oourse the continents. 'J'he Congress of lierliii. called to consider the treaty of San Ste- fano. determined i'ewir issues than it deferred: and hence the uncer- tainty which prevailed hefori' it met has not heeii diminished since it adjourneil. Interiiational ijuestions ])ut oil' to sleep are in a condition of quiet which may he lirokcn at any time, and the recuperated party roused refresheil for another strife. What ]{ussia needs to satisfy its necessities — national and internationa! — is forecasted and understood; hut hf)\v many months or how many years Russia may have to wait, and how and where Russia may have to venture and strike, to reach its u'oal is. (d' coiir-e. prohh-matieal. The cause ol' Russia can have hut one linalitv; its course is to a 10 Si- destination not in (Iniilit, tor it is tlio most oonspiciious olijeotive pnint in tlio Kiistoni llcmi-iilicrc. bv i'i;i-nii of its jun-iciil titiir iind niiMlcvn fliito iintcccMlents Jind tlic jtnlnnsics mid cross ])uritoscs wliicli pcrjilox tlio Kurnpoan sitnation. Un(jiicstional>ly tlio war indcinnitv inontiDiiod in the San Stofaiio treaty, in a clause wliicli the Berlin Congress did not supplement, is an einher in hot ashes, uherc a litlle stirring will mako a sinoke and start a fire. And hcforc the Russians re('ros> the IJalkans. lionu'\varhi[)s. Nothing short of such security will satisfy J^ussia or makt peace permanent. And as the map of the American rnion will not be finished till its northern boundary, wlieic it is a tangent fence be taken ilown. and sunk out of si^hi where it is a water-course, neither will the map of Ikussia he fini-lied till more acijuisitioiis in .Kuid|)e ami in Tartary are included in its consolidated emiiire; for the Black Sea is in verity a 1 c bottle, of which Coiistantinojile is the cork : the cities in th(> basin of the Oxu,>- — the theatre of momentous events in pa>t times — are. in these latter days, only way stations. The mountain water-shed be- tween the Oxus. which flows north, and the Indus, which flows south, is the main divide between India, under the rule of a foreign country on an ocean i.-land far away, aim Khanates which are dovetailed parts of the Russian Empire, with coinmereial interests in e(unmon wiih Orenburg and Astrakhan ; because it is the iiolicy of Russia to seek and strive to Russianize wheresoever it reaches and holds fast ; whereas, Great liritain has, in no sense. Anglicized India, which it manipulates as if l,r).')S,2o-lr square miles of territory were a plan- tation, and 1240,000.000 inhabitants were so many chattels, utilized for the profit of absentees, less the co,-t of administration. CTI A l'TK]{ H. luK 1S14-15 Congress of A'ienna could not be repeated; mjr can any one read the proceedings of that body in Thiers' " Napoleon" witliout indignation that Au>lria. which merited so little from Napo- leon's ovorthi-nw. was allotted so many spoils, largely at the expense 11 , I of Franro. 15ut, sino(> Is!;". fH^nTianv lias hcoii ori^'aiiizi'il aiiil Tttily niiitcd; IJoinc i< I'c-tDrcil ti> lli(> ruler of Tialv. aii'l 15 rliii i< tlu' court of u irrcat ]io\vri\ l»us>.ia, like tlif I'liitcil States, lias a inis^inii to prosoeiite aiiiMVoiitiers to reetily; iicitliev of the two, lio\vever, lias (Iroajiis for traiis-oeeaii empire. i'liiLrlaiiirs |W)licv has made "tlK' rich richer and the ])oor poorer," till itoAv the pooi- of the Uritisli Isles are the |i(iorest atnoiijf the peoples of Ihirope : and that liritish exiietion in India makes jiiiman food i'or fniiine in that naturally lioiiiitiful land, oflicial records aluindaiitly ]irovc mid doiiioiistrate. In" The Nineteenth Ceiitiirv,"" a liondon monthly r«'view, dated Aiiti'iist. Is^Ts, Miss Florence XiirhtiiiLrah'. in an article which is an indictment of (Jreat Uritain for wholesale murder, says: •• In Soiulieni India, that is, in Mysore. Jjomliay and Madra^-, our loss in one year's famine has not heen far short i<\' si.r niillinii Hi'ith!" Austria- is held ton;cther. not by a fusion id' particles, like a cai' wheel ca>t in a mould (jn a f miidry floor, hut like a wheel eonsila(d< Sea was a Turkish lake, entirely surroiindela(d< Sea ha-in hy coiKjiiesr. as the American I'liion ohtained territory on its south ^ide in the Mississippi hasin, by purchase. And Europe and America are both bettered tlieridiy. AVhat Louisiana was that Maidtoba is, and what Louisiana is — a State in the I'nion, ahuttiiiL;' on the (JiiU'of Mexico — .Manitoh;i will be — a Stateof tlu' I'liioii ahiittiuL:- on lliidtates. uniteil for national objeei-. into a I'nion \\hi(di has with.-ioiid liie trial (d' l'orei<'-n wars and the severer test o\' civil strife. 'J'hcre i,- no line I'or the jiartition (d' the North American I'nion. nor for tiie periiiaiient partition id" the North American Continent. T'lie West, the core of the country, will have at cuinniand ami in use ficilities for communi- cation with Lake ^Vinllipe_f via reniidna. as it icw ha< with l^ake Michi'MU, via I'euna, by river and canal; and with Ilud>un Lay. by 12 To lie sure, tlicre will he (Ictincturs wlio will disparnge IIiitory of England," on tlio reign of George the Second (time 174s), a hundred and thirty years ago, it is mentioned that Parliament Avas ]ietitiotied "that tlie trade of llinlson 15ay might lie laid open:"' hut the Company, having tin exclusive patent, nsisted the proposition, Avhieh Avas given the go-hy, on the ground that it would entail "pid)lic expense." the aim being then, as since, to make the St. Lawrence the commercial base of operations across tlie continent, on British territory. IJut tlie St Lawrence route is an oinii navi'fation for oidv half of the vear, and its outlet is high up in the north, compared with the Krie-Canal-lIudson-Hiver route. Hence, for ])ominion interests to demur to the use of Hudson Bay for a tide-water teiininus for overland rail and iidand water-line tratfic. will he regarded hy the West, when the suhjeet attracts its serious itttcntion, iihout as if Biutfalo weie to protest that western traflic ought not he forwarded east from the Mississippi Biver, via Floridii Strait. Precisely as the western part of Pennsylvania — an eastern State — is in the Mississippi hasin, and Pittsburgh has its main nmrket in the West, so the northern parts of Minnesota and Dakota — a. western State and a wester" Territory — arc in the Winnipeg basin ; and Lake W innipeg will be put in artilieial water-line comuiunication with the Mississippi Biver system of boat navigation, via the Ked Biver of the A'orlli. to the Upjier Missouri and the Upper Mississippi, exactly as Lake Michigan is connected with the Mississippi Bivi-r system by canal from (.'hicago to the Illinois Iviver. There is no international liiu' between New Vork and San Fran- cisco, and the interiiatioiial line between New Orleans and Winnipeg will be obliterated: fir the wator-slied between ILidscm Ibiy and the (nilfof Mexico is a roof with little iiicliiiiition and a low apex, and whicli sends the (Iraiiiage oi' its north side down the Nelson Biver spout, and from its south siile down the Mississipjii Biver channel to a common levtd in seas which commingle their waters in the Atlantic Ocean, via Iludxm Strait ami the Strait of Florida. The French Jiepulilic, first established in ITi'l', was usurped by Na|i(ileon. who was declared j-'irst Consul in IT'Ji*. and was pinclaimed Fnipernr and crowneil by ih, I'ope in ImH. The sec I Bepultlic 1.-; was ()ii;;iiii/,c(l ill 1S4S. ;iii(l Louis X.'Hiolc'Oii w;is cloctcil l^'c-idriil ; lie dostrovcil it l)_v tlir rtniji ,l'if,it I )('c(iiil)t.'r '1. l^-M : was (IccIiii'imI Emperor l)oc('nilior 2, l^Ai^. Covetini; the llliiiie Provinces, war on Oeniiaiiy wn^ doclared -Inly 1-n 1>^T<); on the '2(1 August lie teh-- y peace, patience and perse\erance the third lie[»iiblic in seven years made France prosperous and poieiitial : and the tliird Kepublic is built to stay and stand, for it is the choice (ff France, over and over again contirnied, as a necessity to its harmony and happiness, against the remnants and >lire(ls of dynastic fa(;tioiis made u]) of Uoiirbons, Orleanists and IJuoi'apartists, some of whom would exienninate where not permitted to recoiistriict, with old material found in ruins : the third Republic, however, is aiipruveni. conspicuous in its colors as a rainbow against a cloud after a storm. The eight provinces which (including Xewl'oundland) make up the Dominion of Canada are hitched together behind a pilot motor called a Cjiovernor-General, appointed by the occupant of the i>rilisli throne. as cars are coupled in a train behiuil a steam engine called a loco- motive, and do not constitute a congruous governmental machine, symmetrical and homogeneous in its p(ditical jiarts ; whereas the Union may be likened to a political planetarium, in which the States move in orbits with the harmonv of the heavenlv boilies. and where the Constitution, ell'ulgcnt as the sun. is a source of light to the nation and a beacon of hope to man. under cloudc(l skies, in other lamls. Nor can the J)ominion machine move wiihout friction, because it is engineered in London, through submarine wire-shafting, (ttheiwise known as the Atlantic e;Jde, lialile to ahrasion on the ridges in the ocean's iloor and accident from other causes. The States of the I nion, moreover, arc the oll-pring of a in-opera- tive eoiniiaet which lias a seat of rea>on. inductive aiid deductive, in universal education in public schools of grades that rise liki' pyramidal stejis from a hase in the alphahet to a summit in the sciences, and 14 iiiiily |ii('scrv(( II iici'vniis svstMii sriisiiivc to ri,L'lit ainl wrong, ninl ([uiek to respond to wliiitcvcr coiiccrii^ tin' (•(inniioii coiiiitrv ; for no matter ■\vlioro mon- or li^' wlidiii iissaileil, oiilcr iiiii>t lie iiiaintiiincil in society and in llic ;;(iv('rnnient ; Iiccause tlie I'liion is a political lindy |i(iiiieati il jiihI pervaded with tlie inlliienees and laws of attrac- tion. e(!liesi(in and gravitation, wliicli jnintly fit it for its mission among the nations, as the earth is adjusted and charged for peri»ctual motion in the universe. The Dominion, in contradistinction to the Union, is a new evolu- tion fr(.ni an nid idea conceived in Europe, and, though sent hither to hatch niisciiief. is im])otent to I'ealize expectations cither in jiractico or ]irospect, as where a reptile hatched out of a snake's egg, put into a hen's nest to scatter a brood of chickens, was scotched hefore it liad fangs to liite. True, the I>(^niinion is snsceptihle id" congelation into a solid mass Iiy the agency of cnld in winter, when it is cemented with ice and asleep under the >\\()W. In niiil>i!niiner, h wever, -when the Winnipeg hasin is in its heauty, there i- a ])arti,il thaw in the walrus region, and ice-cakes, fro/en in tlie wind from the north pule, drift out through the sounds and channel- into Uallin r>ay and Davis Strait, and float down the coa>t in the arctic current, nnd(imini(iii. in a political thaw, were to break into pieces like the principal sta| 'e of its walrus reginii. l)riti>h (Joliuubia would drift into the f'nion via I'uget Snund, Manitoba would tic fast to ^linnesota. and NDva Scntia and New Urunswick would enter through open doors inio the >isterliood of New England States, for political worship at a common national shrine. Halifax woidd then in verity Ik? tlu' east portal open to Europe, as San Francisco is the west portal of Amei'ica open to Asia. And as Halifax is on and of the seaboard, mit in nor of the St. Lawrence, it ought to aspire to be the front door of the Union rather than the side door of the Dominion, for alternative use in winter time, when the St. Lawrence, its main artery, is closed with ice against Quebec and Montreal. Halifax, notwithstanding thai it was fouiideil in 174'J. a hundred and twenty-nine yeai's ago, is to-day surjiassed in population by more than thirty cities in tin Unitehip. with the option of mas- tership open with conditions coii.nion to all. In tlie Inion a cili/.eii may be content to vote, or he may aspire to caiididateship, as an apprentice, after having served out his time, may be content to work for an employer or aspire lo mastership in his calling or art; and Nova Scotia, having lirst refused to enter the Dominion, siibseipieiitly consented to be counted in with t^Uiebec and Ontario, witli wliii-h provinces it has little aililiation and no! miicli intertrade. Indeed, in the company of the cities of (^luebee and Montreal at Ottawa, Hal- ifax is not unlike a third pi'rson present where there are two friends mutually anxious for a private conversation. New Brunswick and Maine abut against each otlier, divided by a treaty fence, the first a jn'ovince with a population of 28'),;V.I4 in 1871, the latter a State with a population of (J:i in isTil. Now Brunswick was settled t)y the French in Itl:')!!. Maiiu; was admitted into the L'nion in l<'^:iO. Nova Scotia was visited by Europeans in 14UT and coloni/eil in 1(J04, sixteen years before the first settlement in >rassacliiisetts was made by the I'uritans at Plymouth Bock. Nova Scotia, too, has developed coal deposits, Massachusetts has none; and yet in ISTO iSIassachusctts contained 1.4.">7,;)")1 of po])ulatioii on T'^*''* sipiare miles ol' territory, against ;)iS7,N0n of j)opulatioii in Nova Scotia on 18,000 S(|uare miles of territory, rmston. the principal city of Mas- sachusetts, has New York and the lludsun Jiiver between it and the "West, its main market, and back of Boston is Montreal, with commu- 10 iiiciitidiis west iiiti' the iiitci-inr jiiid cast to tlio soacoiist. Contrast MMssacliiisclts wiih N )\ii Scotiii. Hostoii with lljilifax, nnd ciXMlit the (lilVcrciicc ill ravor lA' the AiiU'i'icaii citizen over llic Uritish snhjoot, to till' iinUtical circinnstanco tliat Massachusetts is a sovereign State hiyal to free institutions, Nova Scotia, a siihject colony alle;^iiint to a foici'Mi kinuiloiii tweiilv-iive hundred mihs away. The '■ I'liited Kingdom of (ireat IJritain and Jrehuid" contains Britons in England. Scothind and Wales, and Irishmen in Ireland. P.iit a Nova Scdtian in the l)ominion of Canada is a |)rovinciali.st, and the l)niiiiiiiiin is a colonial dependence, not an independent nation. In I'lM ^Vales was liiially subdued hy England and annexed by con(jiiest ; and yi.'t there a''" at this day thousands in Wales wlio use the ance.xtral tongue and do not understand tlie English language. The Scotchman is never an Englishman, though he may be more pro- nouncedly r>riti>li than English or Welsh I>ritons. In the I'liioii the native-born and tlie adopted from abr and crosses by immigration and intermarriaiie (but not by invasion like that of William the Norman, who stiiyed where he con(|Uered). dominates North America with free institutions, along- side of which the European transplant will fail of propagation and die of frost in. the bud. Hudson Day is to the hydrogr.iphic ba>in of Lake Winnipeg, Avhich di.-chargcs its waters down tlu' Nelson ]{iver, precisely what the (nilf of Mexico is to the basin bounded on the east and west by the Ilocky and Allegheny Mountains, Avhicli sends its waters down the Missis- sippi Kivcr. And Hudson Strait is the Seagate of the Saskatchewan Valley via Lake Winnipeg, as Florida Strait is the Seagate of the Mississippi A'alley via the (iulf of Mexico. The St. Lawrence is a nairow basiti, and the group of connected lakes which empty into it, albeit they are inland seas in a fresh-water navigation sense, drains but an inconsiderable area of Dominion ter- ritory, comitarcd with the area of Manitoba territc.'v in the basin of Lake Winnipeg. Moreover, Lake Erie, which is the distributing pool of the three lakes west and northwest of it, is connected with the Hudson River by the famous Erie Canal — an ariilicial work equivalent to a river in capacity and importance; and exactly as Lake Erie is connected with the llud.-on ]!iver by a water-line of idieai) and easy navi'Mtion, so may Lake )Viiini])eg be connected wiih the Missis.-ippi Kiver system of boat navigation via the iled liiver of the North, and, it may be, Lake Traverse and the Minnesota liiver Valley. From Lake Tru- I! •y vorso, t'(Pii>i(](«rc(l as ii summit rosorvoir, the dospciit north to Luke \Viiiiii])C'>j miles. . oliti . !t!l4 Red River, low-water mark, at Moorhead, where Northern Pacific Raih'oad crosses it, . . , . . . . . ST.") Lake Winnipeg, as before, = ...... 'llis Red River, at Moorhead, above Lake Winnipeg, Lake Traverse, as before, .... Red River, at Moorhead, as before. ■241 !l!»4 S7.J Elevation of Lake Traverse above Red liiver, at Moorhead, . 11'.' Moorhead is tlie lu'ad of steamboat navigation and ]jreckenridgc the head of boat navigation on the Red River of the North. Canal excavation in the prairie liottom into which the Red River id' the Nortli cut its channel would lie easy work, and wouhl shorten distance smith of Moorhead. Lideed, by a b(jld cut, like the one through tho peninsula summit on the Chesapeake ami Delaware Canal, a great saving of distance may lie accoini)lished l)etween the lu'd Kiver of the North and tiie Mississippi and Missouri liivcrs. or either of theni. <.'aiials that con- nect navigable waters have lo-t none of their conse pience, but, on tho contrary, annnallv acipiire additional importance, a> witness the Dela- ware and Raritaii Canal between Piiiiadelphia and New York, the Choapeake and Delaware Canal, the Erie Canal, the Welland Canal, and the Illinois and Lake Michiiran Canal. \H TIk! Wclliuul Oiuiiil, ;i Doinitiioii work which connects Lake Oiitario with li;ik(> I'lric, iiii-^ :!-l<> IVct of li)cka;:;(' in -7 mih-s of distance ; uiul so there iirc ^11 more toot of eUwiitioii hctweeii Lukes Ontiirio mid Krio thiin tlici'c !ii'<' Ix'twccii tlic Mississippi I{i\t'r at the iiKnitli of the Miii- no.sotii llivcr ;itid Tnivcrse Liiko, in a distance of -•')'! miles, and -11 more fort of eievatir)n l)otwoon Lakes Ontario and Erie than between Traverse Lake and lied Jliver at MoorheaiL The lied River of tlie X(jrtli has an avera;^o descent of less tlian seven inehes in the niih' ; is navigable for steamboats 27") niih's, and avaiiahli' for small h()als and barges a longer distance. The Ued lliver id' the North ran lie utilized for the joint aceonnnodation and mutual interest of \\'innipeg. I'endiiiia ami St. I'unl, and other centres of inland intern ade. Kailro'id bridges across it, but a few Icet above high-water mai'k, can be elevated or provided with draws as on other rivers. The Northwest hail a very small population when the Erie Canal Avas opened in iSiiT), but look now at its tonnage and consiiler its im- portance as an artery of trade. And from Albany and IJutfalo turn to St. Paul and Winiupeg ; cast the horoscope of Minnesota, and dis- cern first a million, next two niillious, ;iiiil after that more millions of population, with St. l*aul expanded into an emporium of trade cor- I'espoiidingly conspicuous. bo;its jdying the navigable water route and cars speeding the I'ailway track between St. I'aul and Winnipeg; Manitoba a State of the Tnion, and the jiopulation of the Mississi[)pi Valley counted by more millii)ns than arc at this lime in North America, north of .Mexieo: not crowded as in China proper, however, where in an area of l,.").'>4,".ir)o si|uare miles there are 40;"), -l-), 152 human bi'lnj^s, the tei'ritorv occunieil Ijein^j less than half the size of the I'niled States; and where, in the ])rovince of (Janhwuy, on AS.-lticS sipiare miles, there were years ago oG, ")0(j,8o8 inhabitants; iis close together and densely packed almost as honey bees in a hive, and not unlike tlu' honey-bee-housekeepers in industry to provide and I'coiiomv to save; but in the ratio of Europe west of the loiiiiitude of Belgrade and Warsaw, comprising Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Belgium, Holland, and Croat Britain. Nor is there fancy or exaggeration in this ])rospect ; for already in matters appertaining to middle North America the word West — a term of magiiitude like the toian Ea>t in E.iroiie apjilied to Asia — has absorb' d the fai' west. siMthwesl and northwest, ami, along with the basin of the Mississippi l{i\er. includes the basins ol' the lakes west of Niagara Falls, and all the region between salt water in the Gulf of Mexico and Hudson Bay. From Washington, New Mexico and Montana, and all between, arc in the West ; as from liomlon, Iliiidnstaii and Sihoria. anize of ritain and Ireland, and SIX tunes tnc size or iM'anco ; and wlncli uitciioi- h.isni lietween nn)un- taiii watersheds, if pcdpled in the ratie pel' sipnire mile of France in 1S7l\ would contain lllti,U()0. ()()() of inhahitants ; a liasin dotted with cities from I'ittshurgh to Denver, fr(nn New Orleans to St. I'aul, into which cities are gathered for market the plenteous harvests from prairies and plains, from valleys with river.> in their Iap>, and from ta])le lands amouij; the mountains; a l)elt of earth maile luxuriant anil hountiful hy nature, containing d milMon- if acres under tillaii' iiro- lli >f (lucing crops not eciualled in other cunies, ami miluons ot acres open for settlement and cultivation to iunuigrants from foreign lands, and to native citizens prone to withdraw from large towns and small farms, to enjoy a preferred life on the frontier, remote from neighhor- hood and noise. C II A r T K IJ III. At the be^inninci of the prescnit centurv there was no State west of Pennsylvania, nortli of the Ohio Www. Since daniiary I. iSOii, twenty-two new States liave heon admitted into tlie rnioii — (Uie fur every three years. At the date mentione(l, Pennsylvania was the frontier State on the foi'tieth jiarallel of nortli latitude: hut there are now on that geographical line, west of the " Keystone" of the original thirteen States that won independence and framed tlie Constitution — twin achievements and a diuilile lame — eight States and one Territory, admitted at these dates, to wit ; Ohio, lXi)-2 Mi-souri, 1S21 Nevada, lsO-1 Indiana, ISKJ Kansas, 1801 Califjrnia, 1850 Illinois, 1818 Colorado, 1870 Utah, Ter., 18oU *J(» Ndi'tli di' tlic I'ortictli iiMrnlli'l. -iiirc iSdO, tlicrc liiivc Ix-rii .«ix Stiif('> mill six Tcnitoric- nilniitU'd. ;it tlicsc ilatcs. to wit: 1H(!7 I I.lalio. Tcr., 1 «<••'{ 1sr)0 \V:i^liiii,_'t(iii. Tcr.. 1S;V1 MiiiiH'«nt;i. ls;,7 I>;ikiii;i, Ter.. \x*>\ Wvitiiiiiiir. Tcr., istJX lowii. lS4r) , .Montana, Tcr., IMIJ Ala>ka, Tcr., 1^<«kS Miclii.iraii, 1'^;!T I Nrl.raslri,Lrnial States, . . ''\\S,'>1'2 square miles. Area of tlie iliirtv-ci^'lit States anil eleven Trrritori-s, . ' . . . . . .".,")S0,2;18 " In ISOO there were .sixteen States in the Union, and tlie population was ....... r','50S,4H.'J In 1h7<' there were thirty-seven States ami twelve Terri- tories in the I'nioM. an.)S,:j71 In 1>>7>^ there ai'c iliirtN-ciL^ht States ami elcvt'U 'i'ei'ri- lorics in ilu' Cnioii, ami the cstiniatcil ]io|iulatii)n is 47,'>(J(),(IO(j Minnesota State ami hakota Territory Imth ahut on Miiuitobti ; ami how rapiilly the jiuhlie himls in Minnesota and Dakota are hein^ (lispnseil of hy the T'nited States apjuars in the following eompani- tive statement for the fiscal years emled .lunc m(I, 1S77, and June oO, 1>S7S, the >ame jirice per acre prevailini.'- in lioth years: ■|..t;il. |-^7S. MinncM.ta. .$1,041.1^0:1 lli Dakota. 1.4i;i.sill 7:5 Tuiiii. I-;-. 8i^7!>,S4T Oi! :il,S,:;7s -JO lM<'irii.-^c. S7t]i,;]rj(; lo 1,24:1,42:5 53 otal >iiii..^o:!.004 sr, S40N.22.") 22 :^2,004,77li (5:1 Increase in one year, four hundreil ami two (4o2) per cent. In Bi'itisli America a very large [icrcentairc' of the territory is un- cultivahle ; ami north of the sixtieth parallel of latitude the popula- tion will always lie exceediiij^ly sparse, if human heinirs only be enumerated, and miiii'atory i'auna. (ish and fowl not counted,. I ^' South of Texas the coast linos eonverLic to ihc Isthmus of Telman- te[)ec, and at the Isthmus of J'anama they are hut a span ajiart. In the manifested destiny of nations North .Vmeriea is reserved for free institutions, for within it monarchy has jtcrished in ignouu'nv each time that it was trii'd : and the principal success in North America, is the liipuhlic of the I iiited States, which compri.-^es its hcst parts, and will include more and mure nf it. frnm time to time, havsoevcr IJriti.sh diplouuicy may plot to prevcni. For no dyna.-ly can he exalted in America, where the ^ii])remi' power is in the people, who put lunatics in infirmaries, and dishelieve in thrones and titles, and wlieie kin^.s •21 imd |)rinc('s aro tolcmtcil niily in inimi<' |i;irt> in tlicitricjil ntnuMciiKMifs. Au't'il pi'nitcnt- will) were pccnlatfirs iiiiil s|ii'ciil;itin-- Im loi'c I'oi'tiiiic ln;i(l(' thcin coMMTvativcs, syc()|iliiiiits ilcstitiiti' ol'inanlKXKl prjilc, ami titk'-wnrsliippin;; sriulis and ol)sei|iiiiiii> lliinkcvs may pri'tciid nilicr- wise, ami ask fnr inure license from Lonilun ; but tlio preceilents I'lii'- iiislied liy Mexico arc (itted tor Ciiiiada. Personally, Maximilian was nncxccptionaMc ; Imt politically, he was iiitoleraltle. and in tlie orilcr of events fell a viclini to one u|' the inesseii, Ottawa, the capital of the temporary l)(iinini(Ui ol'('anaila. distant only lifty-live mih's IVom O^ileiishiir^, in the Stale of New York, will he twenty-six hundred iiiile.s distant from the Pacific waters, by the Canada, Pacific llailway. ■when l»iiilt. from Ottawa to Port Moody, in J>ritish C(diimhia I The railways of the J)omiiiion, financially considered, may h.'ve had Idos- soms in prosjiectiises, but have not had fruits in profits ; hut, bad as the fiscal sliowinu; is in the official reports of roads years in ii>e. there will be still less comfort deriveil from the earninir"^ of the Canada Pacific Pailway, to offset its prodigious cost ; for its nuite. like much of the route of the Inter-Colonial I'ailway, is throiiLih a ri:;j:ion of minimum local resources: and what it< ihroiigh trallic is to consist of, and whence it is to come, is an impiiry adjoiirncil till after it shall have been iiiauj;urated. and then — what ? Why. then, the farce annually repeated at the Canada Ci'and Trunk Pailway nieetinir will be jdayed simultaneoii-ly on two staLi'e>. where pay-roll officials are the actors and investors make up the audience of dupes. A railway from Frazer Kiver southward to a connection with a line to San Fra!icisco would he worth more to l>riti>li (.'(diimbia than the Canada Pacific Pailway can he, cn.st of M;i!iitol)a : and the same is true of Manitoba and the railway via Winnipeg and Pembina, against the Ciinada I'acific llailway extended east of the lied lliver of the North to Ottawa. Coiitemi)lat(^ the intertrade of the Atlantic States, and think of British Columbia aloiiLT with W'ashiiiLrtoii Terrilorv and the States (d" 22 Orof'on !i>iyin|iiitliy Willi MilllH'Xltil IIIkI ill (•nll|i('r!lliil|l \Mlll i pI 111 T S I lit*'-, i 1m\M| t M t lit' < I III t of Mexico. I'"rniii Miiiiiioliii tlir niiihiMk is soiitli. iior cust, jiihI the iiitrrt^t of Miiiiitoliii is — ;ini| its ;i,-)iiiiiti(»iis ouirlit to he — to nilvaiico finiii Jill iiilaiiil jiroviiifc into a niaritinic Stiitc like Iiiiina, IikIcc'I. it is a liypotlicsis foiMnlril on ;iiiciciit watrnnark-; ami topd- ^riapliica! indications tliat time was when the >iji'facc of Lake Win- nipetr was hii'lier than its )>fesent level, the prairie hottom of Manitoha iiieler water, and the oiitllnw t^ the »ea \ ia Traverse Lake and dowa the Minnesota valley into thr Mississippi Iliver. till a hreak was made throuidi the ridi'o which walled in the ;ri< at re.«crvoir t»n its nortji side, and the ehanin I in which flows Nelson Itiver was opened to Hud- son l»ay, Jiow Middle Sea. (.'Iiautaiii(iia Lake, in the southwest corner of New York, is IMiMJ feet alinve the level of the >ea and T^lN feet aliov the level of Litke Krie. from which it is onlv >even nnle> distant : Imt (.'liautaui|ua Lake dis distant, hut into the (jiulf of Mexico, twenty-four hundred milfs away, via the Alle- ;.flieiiy. Uliio and Mississip])i llivers. ]>ut. whether the waters of Lak Winnipe;: priirily flowed south, down a u'cntle incline, or escaped nnrih. dnwu falls and rapids, the .substantial fact remains, that Manitnlia may he jmt in navigalde eom- niunicalion with the Missis.sippi Iliver, so that boats may b(! passed from Wiiinipetf to St. I'aul. tind even from ]Iudson IJay to the Gulf of Mexico; as boats can now naviirate a coiitinuous water-route between New Orleans and Quebec, via the Illiiinis Kiver and the canal thence to (.'hieairo, whence the way is dpcii to the lower St. Lawrence. Lake Winnipeg may be made a commercial dock or pool like Lttke Erie, if its navigation be eonnecteil by canal with the river navigation of the Mississippi and Missouri llivers. as Lake Krie is connected with tide-water in the St. Lawrence, via the Welland (.'anal, ami with the Hudson Iliver by tlie Erie Canal, a work to which New York State is indebted for its "empire" rank, and New York city for its commercial supremacy. The Saskatchewan and the iSIissouri are kitidred rivers, wdiose sources are near together in the |{o(dliip; for the Krazer Iliver and the Columbia Iliver. the Mi.-.-uuri Iliver and the Saskatchewan Iliver, among the ]icaks id' the like the n\cr: All eglicriy M which flow from fountains les. oiintaiii. d'lWii hotli Its sn 28 all drain parts of one poiuitn-. porv:iil<"l l.y !H(,i.imi.M sympatliy, \\liirli an artilicijil lino cantiot dissevrr noi' tlistrart. St. I'.inl is an ini|Mirfanf siiainKoat rcrininns iiimI a conspiciUHis ciMitrc III" railway irallic. l-'miM Si. Paul llhir arc It'lO miles uf stramliont navi;.'ati<»n .s.iutliwanl to New Orleans, ami HM:'. iniles of stcamiMiai navi::afiMn eastward tn I'ittsluir^li. (Jn I lie Mississippi liver and its principal trihutaries there are lippi Kiver. The level of Traverse Lake i> only lil"!' feet ahove the .Nlis- ai.ssippi lliver ai St. I'aul. and ;;i;(» (Vet above hake Winnipeg; hut only 1 !!• feet, nr thirty-ihree per cent, of the latter dill'rretiee would Inive to he overcome hy locka;.'e, hecaiisc to Moorhead the lied lliver of the North is a steamhoat iiavi;/ation. ami at Moorhead the .sur- face [' lo(d(;s feet of lM(dsissip|ii lliver at the niouth of the Minnesota Hiver. the lo(dissippi main rivei- and its tributaries ami le.t ht; convinced that the Ued Kiver ft'ct ahove the level of the sea, and df^'.t fei't hi^dier than Lake Traverse above the sea: so that from the swamp summit to Lake Superior, whicli latter is GUU feet above the sea, there is a descent of XS'd feet, a,i,'ain.st '2W feet from Lake Traverse summit to the Mississippi Kiver. During: the vear ended June •")'.>. lN7«i. there were carrieil over the Douiiiuon .summer route, between Lake Superior ami Fort Oarry, 2i 2172 passengers, ii small iiiinibcr. coiL-idcrin^ tlic Inrcc i'iii|il()vcil on tlo Caiiadii Pat'ifu' I{ail\V!i_v, ;i(Miti(iii;il lo roiijcut jin|iiilaii(iii, ciiii- craiits iioini: nut ami iimniLrrants coiiiiii^ in. Diirinr;; tlio vcar cihIimI .Iiuic ^S". iSTtl, the Nortlicni racilic Hail- roail carried -StU") passengers to ami til)")l passengers I'roni jNIoorhead on IJed IJiver. I)y llie Canada i'aeifle Railway roiit(^ the distance IVnni I"'i)rt (Jarrv on Jic(l Hiver to Lake 8u|)eri(ir at l^'^rt William is Ui> miles. From Fort (Jarry the air-lino distance; is ;")(• miles less to Duliitli in Min- nesota tlian to l''ort William in Ontario. From Fort (larry the railroad dislanees sr)uth and east are: To the Minnesota line, hy the I'emliina hraneli, S") miles ; to l)re(dre( .vC'iridge and St. J'aul to ('hieagn, HI:! miles. The distance hy rail hetween Chicago and Fort (Jai'ry can he shiirtene(l it hiiinlred miles via Milwauhee and Tliomscni. From ('iiieagii tn New York i)y shurtest route via I'itt.-'hurgh and rhihidel]»hia. operated hy the Pennsylvania ilailroad Company, the ili>tance is I'N) miles, precisely the same as the distance IVniu Chieago via St. I'anl and IJreekenridge to lower l''ni't (iatrv, when' the Canada. Pacific IJaihvay crosses Med IJiver. Total il:--t;iiice I'lom h'ort uehec, the ili-taiu'e is 2-"»ns luiles. all on Dominion territorv. As, however, the St. Lawri'iice is ice-hound for half the year, com- prising a jiart of aiitiiuni, the whole of" winter, and luore than two- thii'ds of sprihg, the ports of Montreal and (^>iiehec ai'c of coin'sc closed to na\igalion all that time; and as Halifax is IS'J miles farther distant tiuin New York ( ity froiii h'ort (iairy. llie foicign trade of Manitoha, if alhjwed to idioose its own channel, will he across Miii- nosotii and through rni(ni seaports to Europe. The andiition to have a through route t;)cracy that withlndds from cultivation millions ol' aere> in a c(tuntry that imports much of its hreadstiillV, pay^ hut little tax on landeil I'state, arroL'ales social 25 Hiipcrim'itv, (miJdvs flic lil^'licst (illicc lionoiv, mhi] rin-fls in fnsliifHiMlilc (lissi|);iti(iii. willi wciiltli hi cdiiiimmikI llic liiMirics of life, wlicrc cdiii- forls arc so .-cai'cc ainniiif tlir ma>-('> '.' Ill \h(.' I iiioii only <''>iiiiiin(litic> arc clas-iiici'. and all lioimrs ami (i|)|)iirtiiiiiti{N arc open to IVcc cd'Hiictition. In (ircat IJritain title ami position arc inlicritcil anil traiisniitlc'l. aid tlicrc tlic liallot can do iiiil litth" L'ood until tlic laws of priinni^cnitiirc and entail lie repealeil. Under a dvna.-tv, niaii-|io\vcr, liorse-)in\ver, and steam-power arc all alike considered availaMe I'nr iitili/atioii in tlie ee(Uiiini_v id' irovern- iiiciit. And lliMs man, •• immortal man, made in the ima^c (d his Maker," is dei^'radcil |,i a hiaite and e(|nalcd to a macdiinc. His natural riLdils are rcslricied heyniid the necessities of a IcLi-al endc essential i'or order and admini-'iral ion, and his pri\ dcL'cs are circiim- serihed to a minimum radius (d' nptiiui : Inr he i-, the suhject of the (•rown, and is l(dd to he ihankl'iil for the royal condescension that makes life hearahle, iiiidei- cmidilions v.hiidi provide palaces ami parks lor inheriloi's oi' ancolral disi inctiiuis, life tenures, and entailed estates, and reduce the millions to an existence heset with more liri'dit liv ni Miallies than ciunpcii^at ions, ol'len clouded hy day. --cidom "•lit : a, iiur"-alorial lif" hetween a worse comlilion under iiai'harism and a hcttci' condition under unit'orni riirhts. Ill a rcpuhli<' hil■Ihl•l^lll is ei|ualily under the law. and free e(unpc tition lor the pnhlic (dlices and honor.- and in the pi(d'os>ions am mrsiiit.- In a inoiiarchv titles and Ihuiors arc reserved out (d' the common in a rcpiildic comprises the whole people, talilislmiciit admini.-tcred and slock ol tlie slate, which wlieri'as in a monarchv the -late is an c ciiiovod I)V a la w-i'avm-cil (dass : an aristocracy not of mind or supc- I' hraiii cajiacitv, Imt id' hirlli under a dynastic code wherein rionty o pri'roL'ativcs arc perpetuated, contrary lo the repuhhcaii practice ami tlic wise course of natiiri' which with im partial hand >cattci's its Li'il'ts in the soils and rmd^s, where iliev reward the liiider accordin,^ as lie ariis success hy his own industr\ ami i IVorl. Tl ic seasons come and l'o. am rclurii in tlic circle run. sitiides in the weather : the day run^ tlie air is li(d rounds io iriic time, and only Unman government is comparat ive, and at hcsi impi'rlccl, hccaiise ajiihitious man is prone to discontent, an from a slep mounted striv T'nioii. ^Manitoba would attract observation and ac(iuire distinction, because it abuts on Hudson liay or Middle Sea, which is a summer-door to the ocean from Minnesota and the West, but which, notwithstanding J>i'itish professions of free trade when an Englislrinan opens his mouth in Washington, is shut and barred to Ibrce trad(! down the St. Lawrence. Consider the geographical situa- tion of Hudson J>ay, which continues the sea into the West more than hair wav across the Canada main, between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. With Hudson Lay declared a free and open sea, Manitoba as a maritime State would profit iVoni a back-door on the north open to Eurupe, as Louisiana profits from a front-door on the south open to the West Lidit am 1 all the Atlantic coast? Manitoba, as one of six States across the I'nion, where its axle would tiieti turn on six wue( Is. L ouisiana, Arkansas M issouri, lowi ^Minnesota, and Manitoba, between two seas, one called a bay, the other a gulf, would have communication in all directions between the haunts of Newfoundland whales and Aleutian seals, tropical alligators and polar bears. True, Nelson River has rapids and falls, and so has the St. Law- rence and other lake ami river routes, ra[)ids and falls ; but these natural obstructions to navigation have beei A' 1 overcoi ue by the judicious expenditure of money in works engineered with skill ; and thus through ways of art, works of natun- ai-e utilized. Ami conip;ire(l with what has been expended, and widely expended, on artilicial aids to navigation between Lake Superior and tidewater in the St. Law- 27 ■Ise 1 it ill IdW of Its of rencc, the sum Mociled would ho small, to jn-oviilo iu-tificijil aids to navi^ration from Ijake Wmnipcj^ to Hudson l>!iy. It is but a, sliort distaiifo from Lake ^Villllip('g to Hudson [>ay, from Lake Superior to James I'ay. And ii' the Canada I'acilie Ilail- Avay l)e located on the north side of Lake Nipiffon, a short braneh road would .-ulfico to reacli a liarhor on James jlav. Apart from ]>ritish con.-idei-ations, which in tli(> I)ominioii run counter to the logic of American events, it is its commercial merit as a portagt' railway between the (lulf of (leorgia and Hudson JJay, through British ('ohnnbia and Manitoba, that jrives the Canada Pacific Eailway much of the interest it awakens. And as it is certain that ]\Iontreal will advocate branches from the Canada Pacific main line to ports on near-by tidewaters, ]\Lintreal cannot ilemur if Manitoba insist on a branch road to a terminus on the James JJay arm ol' the ocean, so very much nearer than tidewater in the St. Lawrence. The railway from Fort (jarry to a junction with a ^Lnncsota road from St. Paul t(^ St. A'incent. opposite Pembina, will, at the boundary line, put Manitoba iii railway communication with ]\Lniusota. Winni- peg with St. Paul, and tlie railway network of the .Mississippi States — a consideration which a ^NLmitoban will not overlook, but which he will be careful to weigh ami turn to account. A link of road from the junction of the Northern Pacific with tin; Duluth ami St. I'aul line at Thomson, to the Canada, Pacific Railway on hi'di irround west of Fort AViliiam, where it deliects northward and possibly will pass ai'ouml Lake Nipigon, would make a seaport on James Bay, to be calle(l Ml:\y a tcinpni'ary bouiulary, Itcvoiid wliieli tlie |)oriiiiiioii iiiiiy not ,i: froui the haynnet. which is oidy a tool : ami as the judicious citizen is careful of his own body, to preserve his health and proioni;- his life, so i< he also watchful of the I'cpublic, especially when dani:er lowers and a crisis impends, ready and an.xious witli the remedy which the ballot contains, to cure tdjuses that dei^rade localities and detcriorati' the civil ser.'ce. Since the (irst ])air were cast out of Eden, and Adam was told "to till the L'round from whence he was taken." there has been ihi paradise on the earth. Hut a reimblic approximates parailise, compared with (itlicr govei'umcnts. as Christian piety ai)proxiinates perfection, com- pared with Turkish brutality and .Mahometan absolutism. i'ersonal governms ]iriviU'ges. is a "counterfeit presentment" of constitutional power, liecause it represents only a, portion of the people ruled, and where all are not represented the rights of the uiirepro- senteil are usurped. In Knrope. France and Switzerland e.xcepteil, the masses, deprived ol the exerci.-e '■)[' rights essential to free and e([ua,l government, are graduated in the scale of life farther below their oppressors, wlm rule over them, than they are marked above the lloiday, will no longer be in solitude, cold as its ice and cheerless as its north wind, for annexation will do for Manitoba what ainicxatiuu did fur Texas, as witness: 31 )l : Populiitioii of Texas, consiis of 1H7<>, . . HIS, iStatos of Mexico on Jio llio (jraiido river: Population of Taiiiaulipas, . . . 108.514 rojmlation of Coalmila, . . . <)7.(»!n Population of Cliihualuia, . . . 1T1»,1'"1 Total as per report nf (•dunni.ssiou IVoni Mexico to Pliiladelpliia (Jentonnial Exhibition, .... o.'itl.lT'I Texas in excess of three Mexican horiler states, 4ay Company's charter bearing date lliTU — eleven years before Penn founded Pennsylvania — and the Serlick settlement on the Ued lliver of the North was visited by Lovil iSerliek with a mil- itary escort III '7 ISK », at wlucli time Ind lana was a bor (ler >tate ami lUi iiiois a ierritorv, Mineral discovery, agricultural develnpnient, matcri;:! progress, and widesjiread prosperity, have added State after State to the Amer- ican Union in rapid succession, meanwhile that British territory north of the forty-ninth parallel, and Mexican territory south of the lUo Grande river, is still most of it wilderness, though ex[)lore;Iit States and eleven Territories. Truly this grand result is a glowing credit to free institutions, which tolerate no patent political classes, but treat all citizens polit- ically alike ; nowhere else are opportunities so abundant, nor is suc- cess so frequently attained liy individuals endowed with mental gifts and moral worth, and who study for success with honest zeal and manly purpose, never wavering in fidelity to the Testament, the Con- stitution, or the common weal. The political creed of the American citizen is : Allegiance to God, the sole sovereign in nature, and of whom an earthly sovereign is a poor counterfeit, a mite in matter; faith in Ciirist, but not in crowns; duty to self with minimum selfish- ness; fidelity to the liejuiblic, wliieli is a panoply over Ndrth Amer- ica studded with States that glow in the political firmament like stars in the azure arch beiieatli the spirit world of heaven overhead. CIIATTKK IV TliK li!\>iii (if Luke Winiiijic'i; is dniincil Iiy i'i\crs wliidi flow ddwii IVdiii till' west, soiilh Mild (list, iiicliiilin^' llif lied \{\\rv nf tlic N'lrlli. tli.'it >])i-c;ids its siiiir<'c> ;iiid ;illliifiits over larL'c liortimis of Miniicsot;! and Diiivota. tlicre interlocking on low watcr-slicds with trilmtarirs of the Missouri and the Mississi]i)ii : and also iiicliidin:.' tho Saskat(dic- wan. whose licamvalcrs arc anionjf the I'nuiitaiiis of the ( "olunihia Kivrr in liic liocky Mountains. The area of liakc \Viniii|tog liasiii is :5(i<),0()(» S(|tiar(! inilos, c-ij^ht tinns tin- size of the Stat'- (d' Ni'w York, and seventy j)er cent, larger than the Itusin of the Ohio Kiver from its source in Pennsylvania to where ii disendjo^ues in tiie Mississippi River at Cairo iu Illinois, a distance of llltl") miles. moreover, contains the cultivahle l>ritish akc \\ inmiici: nasin tcrritoiv. avaihdile for aLrriciihiirc, hctweeii the watersheil near Lake Suj ici'ior a ml the Koekv Mountains. To he sure, the fur trader mav penitiiite hirtlier iioi'lh into tiie wah'iis rci:ion — wincli ought to he \\'iiln(s/ii. or ri'imU'cr reservation — hnt the caiicii tlic iiroNiiice ol aniier will no t accompany him with his ph)iigh. for fro/en ground IS not, araldc win re the >uii in >iimnier oiilv thaws the surface of the earili and r loi-a |iiiv> short visit- to licr wi Id 11 oWir: 111 the early days (d' .Vincricaii discovery, France colonized a strip of tcrritiiry from the mouth of the St. Lawrence via the lakes and the Oliio to the mouth of the .Mississippi. And France first estah- lishetl forts on the inland sea afterwards called llmlsoii J>ay ; hut the fortune of war dcjirived France of ('anada. and >uhsequently France soM Louisiana to the Inilcil States, therchy preventing its jxissihle coiiijUcst and occupation hy a rival I'hnopean power, and assuring to its inhahitants a destiny identical with the Mississippi valley States. In this tran>action. which occuri'ed in lSubjeclcd to foreign jurisdiction and slower growth, , • >•> tlic Till" Atucrir.'iii riti/,011 is w new (.'I'lift on fln' Ciiiiciisijin tree: tlic Mi'itisli -iilijcct is ;i triiiisphin; tii;it will imi lit'iir r>iiti~li iViiit in Aiiicric'iii ,-nil, I'lif nativity in tlic Wcinililic is iintiuniilil v. wlK-roas tlic ('(iloiiial conilitioii is |»i)liiical iMinila'.'c : iMir can an iiiicllij.'('iit. iVL'f-nill native ol" iMancc, Ireland. Germany. llMllaml. Ilalv. I'.e!- ^ziniii. Russia, Austria. S\ve(len. I^en ik or Spain sia\' in a Cana- dian province and owe allc^ianci' to Kni^land afaf olV, wlien he can iiioVL' into a noar-by State and heconu' a, citizen oi' the American Kc'puldic, where |Mditical 0(|Uality dwells, and iniini;^riints can thrive and be Inippy in their own hoiuestciids. In Maintoba lio man can shut liis(i|itic n^r his nn'Mtal eye to the fact that t' e dUlhiiik -niith (jown the Mississippi is hriirhter and wanner and inure ;.;enial than ea.-t dnwn the St. Lawrence, to where icebergs lloat in fleets, i'oj,'-Iiaid;s envelop the coasts, and the iidiabit- ants, i)i coni|.linu'nt to the clinnite, are called ••bine-noses." Manitoba, therel'ore, will ev(dve out of a province into a Slate, as Texas did. and so illustrate the dociiine of evulutioii a|iplied to politi- cal institutions, and as demonstrated in Loui-iaiia in l>n;;. I-'hirida in l^r.t, Texas in IS-IO, Califoi'iiia in I^4S, and Ala>ka in IsiiT. all accpiisitions surpassing assosnient or valuation, all evolutions ,-ince the rcNoIntion of the thirteen C(donies into thirteen Slates, ihe falher- lami of the twenty-five additional Stales adniilted into the Tnion, east of the Jliuison River and west of the AllcLjiheny .Mountain. As a maritime State oii the lIud~on 15ay ( .Middle Seal, Manil(J)ii Avill not be unlike the mariliiue Slate of Loui-iana on the dulf of ^Mexico ; for as New ()ilcans Ims coniniunicalion with Kurope via Florida Strait, so will the princijial eity id' Manitolia. tliroui:-h a sea- port in Manitolia on Hudson Day, or in Ontario on .lames Hay. have eoi.iinunieation with Kurope via Hudson Strait, wIkmi open to navii;a- tii>n the same as the St. ]jawrence, after the annual thaw which einls the cinlcir^'o of inevitable ice. li. the or<:anization of the Dominion of Canada, the province of Oiiiario in 1S{',~ had assigned to it that poi'iion of ('anada included prior thereto in the province td' Ujiper Canada. And L'pper Canada ended on the west Avhere the Hudson J>ay Company's territory coni- uienccd on the east, to wit. at the K;nniinstiqna liiver, at the mouth of which is Fort William. Thunder llay. Lake Superior. The Hud- son IJav Coinjiaiiv. wiio-e charter, granteil in liiT'.l, expired in FS.")'.*, was bougln onl and sneceeiled by llie Foiiiinion of Canaila. ]jut (Mitario claimed thai its territory I'Xtended to the Jvo(d; api>ointed to arbitrate between the i>oniinion ol' (.'anada and the l'ro\ineeof Ontario. The award oi' the arbitrators is dated August o, FSTW. M Tlic new iMiuiidarv cstiilili^ln"! I'V the ciriiiini-^inii Icnvc-i Jiiiiics I'liy j,t ilic iiiiiiitli nf ilir .\ll..iii_v lli\( r, lliciKc ii|i iIm' -;ii'l river nii'l via I,:il- u\' llu' Mn^'li-li Itivci'. ;iih1 tliriicc wc^tii'lv Ion iii('riiliiiii;il line i!r;i\vii IVntn ilic iii.i,>t luirtliwcstcrly aiiL'li' "T iIk' Lake of llir W I>. ami lliciicr soiilli to tlic national homidarv. Tlii> (lcci>ioii ciiH into Maiiitolia ami cMcnils Oniafio about two hiiu'lrcil miles west of its oriLriiial limitation. What use Ontario will make of its aci|iiisition time will unfoM. Manitolia. however, will veiv soon enjoy iinhfoken rail communication oetween Wiiini])c^' and St. I'aiil via 8t. N'ineent, opposite I'einliina. And the cNclusion id' Manitoba IVnin its fronta^i^'e on linke Supefiorat 'I'Imnder ])a_v, anil thence to l.*i;.'eon Wivor at the Minnesota line, will tend to ideiilifv Manitolia more and more with Minnesota ami the Missis>ippi vallcv. Not an inch of Manitolia territory is left in the Iiasin of Lake Sii|!erior; imt, on the contrary, ()nlari alonu' the we-t side i<\' llie watershed lietween Lake Superior and Winiii]iei:-. eiinipleli'ly insuli.tiiiLi.' Manitolia from hake Superior. The State of i'ennsylvaiiia was not content to conlinue insulated from Lake Kric, :iml purchased territory on liako Krie whereby it iUMiuircil a lake harbor at Ki'ie City. Manitoba- had territory jinil harbors on Lake Superior, but Manitoba has Ih'cu this present year (Icprivi'd of its Laki' Superior frontier, to aj:irraiHli/.i' Ontario I True, ^Linitobu still .las Duluili in Minnesota for an oiijective ]ioiiit on Lake Superior, instead u. a landinj.; place on Thunder J>ay in Ontario. Nevertheless, it was unkind to drive ^Lmitoba out of the St. Law- rence basin, whi( h inclmhs Lake Superior and its aillueiits, to extend Ontario into the Winnipej.' basin, even to the •' iiio>l iioi'thwcsterly iingle oi' the Lake of ihe Woods," coveriiiii; a lar;;e ai'ea of land, and lakes, and rivers, which ei)nsiilule jiortions of the W inn i|)e<^ system of water iiiiviiration. In this diplomatic adjustment (jf boundary line Manitoba is the surterer ; and if Manit(d)a was previously distrusted at Ottawa, and therefore in jirecaution ai:ainst possible future move- ments in the West, which returns its rainfall to the sea throujxh the Mississippi ami Nelson Uivers, the J'rovince of Ontario was exteiuletl over portages, rivei's and lakes to the Winnipc;!:; Liver, the loyalty of ALuiitoba to Ottawa ami royalty will hardly be incrca-u'd liy its sever- ance and expnl>ion from iho St. Lawience ba.-in, between I'iiicon Iviver and Thunder Lay; for now Manitoba, cut olV from liake Superior by the new frontier of Ontario, is in com|ilete idi'ntilicatiou with >Lnnesota, which has a Mi--issippi Liver harbor at St. Paul, a Lake >uperior harhor a Oiiiiith. and railways iii all diii'etions. ^Lchigan and \\ i>consiii as well a> Minnesota may look to .lames Lav for an adilitioiial outlet to the (jcean : and if Ontario demur to • »•> rifflit III' \v;iy IVditi tlic iDrili -liorc (if Luke Siipci'lnr t^ Jmiios Hny, Olltliriit (•JlllllMl i'\|ircl Id nijny lilllilllil cd flirilitli'^ III Mi( liiirmi. t<» rcacli ( 'lii(';i;.'(). Arc not I >(»iiiiiiiiiii intercuts prniiiutcil Ky the iVrry iicrnss Tiiiki- Micliii:;;iii. Iictwccn .Mil\v;iiikcc iiml ay, and IVoin the AllcLi'heiiy 'Mountain, where the Atlantic slope ends, to the llmky Muuitains, where the Pacific slojie beL:;iiis. There is only om- \Vest in North America, and that has mountain Avatersliods on the east and west parallel with the two oceans, and reservoirs of seawatei- on the noi-tli and soinh. Hudson J>ay will be made avi'ilable for a di>iributin;.' ba-in in summer time. Compared with Hud.-on Stiaii the St. Lawrence route tlirouiih (^•iiebee and Ontario is a siniioiis way to the sea. IVoiii the wdieat btdt in the \Vest, to wliiidi I'liiLdaiid is indebted for much of its bread, as it is likewise indebted to the I'nion for meat to eat and cotton to wear, lireat IJritain, with its entailed estates aiid areas of cultivable laml reserveil from cultivation, and its titled aristocracy to support in luxury, is a heavy buyer of breadstufls. Aiuoiit' the nations wlure iilare its own ores and fibrous ])rodiicti()n> into iiianui'actiires for eon-iiniption ami exjiorta- tion, a disei'iniinatini: practice wliiidi will tend to modify foreign com- merce into interirade in surplus eominoilities ; for a nation will not continue to iiav out for laboi-, in another land, nionev wliich mav be if • * distributed for labor at home. The machine-man is on his travels, .;«• ItiiHV !it cNcrv WiiiM- K:iir. ;iii'l tin- (li->trlliii»i"ii ><\' liilior on ;i tn'\v ItJi^i"*. lint Uiiti,«.|i. is lii.>* ^.Tiiinl iiii'sioii. Tlic «iiii:iiiiil thiiti'fii Stiitcs wliii'li cut flif cMlonial kiii>t to tfi'Diitinft' !llli'L.'i;iliri' 111 (Ifc;it l!|il;iiti. ill.il \\llirli. iit'tcr uilillili;.' with tlic swnfil tlif title nf •• iVi ( Mini ilii|c|ic||i|clil St;ili'<." < .t:ilili-.ln', wci'c !ill ill ;i tmw alniii: tin- Allaiitif coa.st. cii.^t of Fioritlii. iiricrwiinl-i !ici|iiiri ! tVniii Spain. Now. tlie I'liioii lius :iii nccaii liniiiKJiii-v \Vf>f iis well as cast, and a ;:iilf' Itoflcr on its south side: liiit ilic I'liinn also ncci|> Hudson May, /.#.. Middle Sea. for an Atlantic dock, to facilitate and clica|icii intereoiir-c and intertradc lictwcon I'liiroiie and the .Missis>i|)|ii. the Jlocky Mountains and the rncific States. Manitoh.a and llriti^h ('nliiiiihia. as Slate- midway lictuceii its two ncraii -hoivs ; and tVnin its two ]ii'iiici|ial iidaml cities. ('hica;in and St. I^cniis. marts nf rapiil and vi!.'or()iis ^'I'owth, -ti'ai^dit line- drawn to ihe four carilinal |ioints will all intcr-ect tide\\atir«i. H|](n In fiTc naviL'ation aiouiid the woihj. When head wiiid> dchiyrd the niariiier, and Idcw his ship olV its ciiinsc, loiiii' VdVau'i'-*. as livini:' iicixHis can te>tifv, were tnlicius under- fakiii;:-: liiil. iinwadays. the slcani.-hi|i runs to .-chnlule linie. on paths acro.-> ilic water-, as the hicdniniive i'!i;iiiie run- to schedule on rail- ways ()\erland, whci'ehy the linie-lahle and the tiliie-piece re;L.'ul;ite tlu; alVairs of torciu^i trade conducted under treatie-; and -o. in a prac- tical dollar scti.-e. apart fVoin ihcinorc clevatiiii: intellectualities and suhliincr divinities i<[' llic ihciiie. ihe inierirade niuveiiieiit i- hut an iiitcnialioiial show hc'il in a siniilc .-jiot, as in l''airinuunt Park. IMiila- ilclphia. in l^Tl!. ni;iLrni(ird and expanded to ihc true a'. 'a- of the nations and tiie true i|uantitie> and value- of the import and export trade ovt'i' the whole eai'lh. And the nations that were >e]iaiatcd hy dist;iiices in miles, hcsot with difficMiltiis which delayed tran.-portation and increased its cost, can. in the.-e times, advanced into the inieiinr of civilization, deliver tlie commodities of inlei'trade hy sure, -w ift and cheap conveyaiict', on contracts and messages passed throu;_di -iilimarinf cahles ami over- land wires that ''put a, girdle round ahout the earth" in con.-idcrahly less than Puck's minimum of "' i'orty minutes." Although ihe fortune of war ih'pi'ivcd (iicat Pritain of thii'teeii colnnios. which hecanii' thiriccn Stair-, enntaining •I1'^.'"*T- >i|uai'e mile- of Mirface, since cxpandnl ihi,, ihiiiv -right States an 1 eleven Territoiies, Great i'.iilain pl.iiis and 'mild- railw.-iys to keep 'he pro- vinces of the Dominion t'lgL'ilier with iron liand-. as the staves (d' a harrel are hehl together with iron honps : and to make a spread of U7 l<\V iMiipii'c nil p;i|itr. ;if iJi'itaili cliiiiiis Jiiri.«'ili<'finii iindiTiicitli tlic AlllMiM ItuCcalls rV.Mi tn tin' Nmlll I'mIc. iHif Vft Vi"*ili"l. Will. ii» l-'raiMM- >till I'l'iaiic. St. I'iiiri- nnil .Mi(|iiili.ii I-ilainls. inar Ni'wriiimillaiiil. iiof\vifli-.|:iii(liti;_f that ( 'atiaila \va> niiiliriiir(| tn (Jrcat Uritaiii 'ly ircaty, xiifui'.l in I't!-"!, so (Irrat ISi-ilain iniL'lit retain tin- <,>Mccii <'|iarli.Mr I-lan'U. in tin' I'ai'iDc Ocean, nniiii t the I'aeilie ()eean.an | 4'*' tn I )eliiarl\aliiin I'oii in Meaill'ni't l»ay, sliali have heeii inMilitie.l ihtn a pai'tition with ••oMiiiiiinicaliu'.' (h)(»r,s hetwccii coinpaitiiienls. for .\hi»l ha> jjin-pere.! on eoiton.-jo may Southern Mani- tnha pro-pi r on nheiii; Imt the t|e\ ehi|inient of Texas sMi'ceeih'il its admission into the I nion. and .Manitnha niii>t a»k lo enine m, and ;j;et ill like Texa-i did. het'.u'e it can attract iiinni;.'i'atioii a- Minnc-Mta and |)alide the I'ninn. Serliid<. on |{ed llivcr. where the ("anadii Pacille Kailuav crosses and the reniliiiiM hranch iie^^ins. Moorhead. nn lied Kivei'. where the Moflhein j'arilie llaili'oad cro->es. ( Iniaha, nn tlie Ali'-niiri liiver. where the IniMn I'aeilie lladrnad teidinically eiid>, and < ial\ e^tun. the principal seapmi nl' Texa-. distiiiaine de;ri'<'e of lon;:itiide. ()niaha. too. is mid- way hetweeii the iiiniith nf >iel>nii |{iver, ill IIikNoii J>ay, and the nioiilh (d' the liio (Iraiide. in the (iiilf nf Mexico. And the distance i'loni ( >iiialia to San l'"ianei.-eo is >horter than (he distance IVniii Onialia to Halifax. I''rnni Port .Mnoily. the terniinii- (d'ihe Canada I'aeilM' l!aihvay, 'ii lliirrard Inlet, month of Kra/.cr liivcr. to l'ay. and e-tahlidn'd numerous forts and iur factories on its shores. As to falls and cataracts in Manitoha, recall the condition of the St. Lawri'iicc route hetweeii Port Culhounieand Montreal hefore till- \V(H;ii;(l ;iuil St. liMwrciicc (':iii;iis prdviilcil artilici;!! iiuvi^Mtidii from \r.\kv Kric inid ],;i\ ]iroviilt'il, to iinprnvf a livcr ciniitviiii:; into lluilson l>a_v. to I'acilitato tlic ti'an- sliil>nic'nt oi' cnTiininiliiit's to ami from Iliidson Uay. 'wliirli. in verity, is a sea, and the Pacific coast and intermediate points; and also to iiiinrove a river emiitvintr into -lames IJav, or a liarl)f)r on Jainos JJav, to facilitate tlie transhipment of commodities carried to and from the sea in dames Uav and the .Mis>issi|i|ii valley States; for whei'e IVeiii-ht is bulky and weiirhty it is a consideration to shorten overland distance t(i tidewatei' navij^alion, hceau-ic once on tidewater the way is open to destinations along the coa>t and across the ocean, hy the cheapest known mode of transportation. Mt'ditatc the tannage hetween Chicago, Milwaukee and other lake ports and New York city, via the Erie Canal and the Hudson Kiver tideway. Then cduiit the meshes and the miles in the iii'twork of iron track iVem the Atlantic and (iulf jiirls from (Jalveston to Portland, inland and nver the interior to cities on the lakes. IVoui Oswt'go to Duluth. Lastly, exti'ml this connected network, most (d' it of the stanthird 4 t'eet N.l inches ;:au^c. northward to James JJav and llud- son Pay. and wcstwanl to the Pacific ()ccan. Assuredly from Mani- toba the outlook is broader and brighter southward and westward, than eastward via the ('anada Pacific Kailway, considered as a route to Montreal in siinnuer. and to Halifax in winter, not to be inter- sected in .NJaiiitoba by ci'oss-cut railway portages to Hudson Sea and James Pay I The Canada (irand Trunk Kailway. a rate-cutting com})etitor lor Poston and Chicago traflic, in JSTT received [ter ton per mile, for freight carried, tlu' avi'rage of only eight mills, or eight-tenths of one cent; and the travel over the Canada (irand 'I'runk. in ISTT. averaged only fifty-eight passengers per train. Why? JJecause its revenue (profit unconsidered) W(uild be still less than it is if its operaticis were restricted to the Dominion and Maine, and it had no ally in \'ermont and Massachusetts. And so, Manitoba, to prosper, must intertrade smith as well as Ave.'t; foi' with the eastern jirovinces of the J)ominioii it will have less intercourse and lighter intertrade than with the Western Slates of tlie Union, when its near-by Itays, on which it abuts, shall have been made available for connnunication, via salt water, with the com- mercial world, in suuimer time. t3t ;;:• inn rilAPTKll V. TllM tronty with (Jrcit liritiiiii. -iiiicil at Wiisliiiio;t(Ui M:\y S. isTl, for ai'liiiviitidii nf ihc Alahatiia Claims. Fislioi'v (^icstinii, tlic San Juan lioiindarv. \c'.. a treaty in the ncirntiation of which Hamilton Fish. Sccri'tary of State, was wci^ln'il, iiicastircil. ami ontwilte'l hy ]iis (liphiinatic advcrsafy. and out of which urave mistake of I'resideiit (Jrant s administration in t'orfeitiiiij; a •'u'olden o|i]iortiinit v " has ^vowu a i^rievanee on the Fishery (.hiestion to he re(h'essed hereal'ter, provides that : ''The naviLration nl' tln^ rivei-> Yukon. J'oi-cu])ine. and Stikine, from, to and into the sea, shall forever I'emain iVei' and o])en for the juirj) )ses of eoiiinieree. to the
    jects of her liritannic .Maje>ty and to tlie citizens of the I'liiliMl States." Tile l'orcii|iine llivcr is a hraiich "f the Yukon River, which ompties into the lU'liriiiir Sea iu)rth of the Aleutian ]ienin>ula. and the Slikine liivei- empties into the I'acilic (>ceaii in tlie vicinity of Sitka. Wiicn llannlton l*'ish. Secretary of State, in 1^71, made the rivers ol' Alaska "free and open" to llriti-^h siihjects. why ;lid he not -tipii- late that l"'razer Idver in Uritish ("ojiim'iia. and the i»ed llivi'r id' the Js'orth. and Lake WinnipcLi; and the rivei-s to it friun the wcsi. and the river from it to limlsiui Day, should lie •• frei- and open' to citizens of the Fnited Stare< '.' The omission <>{' the linl IJiver of the North, which is four parts in Minnesota to one ]iarl in Manitoha. is extraoi'dinary ; and to sii])- ])ose a hlundcr cipiivalent to it. one muanulie. i'ar aliove it,- mouths, omiltcit from treaties reirnlatiiii: its navi^'ation to the iJiack Sea! Hudson ]}av is Middle Sea. and Minncso'a and ])akota >tand to it, via. the IJeil liivi-r id' the Niu'th. which empties into it under anotlnn' mime tiiat does not chaiiLre its nature or its ciuirse, as Au-ti'ia ami Servia stand lo tiic itiack Sea via the hanuhe, which ha- diil'erciit names I'or its several luoiilhs. I're.-ideiit (iraiit'< admini-trafion had a national irrievaiice proved aixainst (ireat liritain. and reparation or war was the al.crnaiive: and yet Secretary Fish, in a neirolialion to pre^crihe the measure and method of satisfaction -keep this in mind — -permitted the insidious aiul ever-scheminu; enemy of his country ithal aided relieliion in umh'r- hand wa\s and promoted piracy with Fnii-lish-huilt Alahamas. till American ships were almo-t swept from the seas and < ireat iJrilain heeame tlu' mono|ioli-l of the ocean-carryini:- t-elel to arhitrate, that is, to liipiidate an injury to l\\r I'liitcd Slates wiiich continues to inure to to tlio julvantajzo of (Jroat I5ritai!i tlirouL'li its (jcoaii sliips. witli a iiKiiicv ooiisi'lcfatidii to lie a-CL'rtaiiicil l»y a throw of dice j:nne of eliancc, es|)oeially where a majority of flie coimiiissioiiers owe their iioiiiiii;itioii to forei<^ii powers V True, tlie San Juan Ishiiid arhitriitiou resiilfcd in favor of tlie United States by the decision of Frederick Willinni I., Kniperor of (Icrniany. Octoher 21. IsTl'. Uut the Uritish claim to the i>hind of Sail -hiMii under a forceTl.'. and how Emperor "William was beset to decide in favoi' of (ireat ilrilani, is matter of history. And it is to the impartiality of Emperor \\ illiaiu of (Jer- rnany, not to the diplomacy (d' ITamilton Fish, that the jieoplc of the Uniteil States are indebted for the possession of the strateLi;ic island (d' San Juiin, ac((uircd by treaty dated Jinie 1."), lS4ti, imperilled by arbitration authorized by treaty dated May >>. ISTl. TIk' Halifax Fishery award, however, of S.')..')0o (jOO. made Novem- lier --. InTT. by Maurice HeUbsse. Jb'lu'ian Minister at \Vashinii;ton, and AlexaiiiU'r 'V. (ialt. a)ipointee of her Uritannic Majesty, for fish- ing priviliLi'cs only worth a license t(^ fish, not a ransom for fish cauiiht in the saltwater hiirhway — as brigands ransom touii.~ts ca])turcd on the stage-travidled highways in Italy and (ireece — will doubtless put a ([uietu> on the international ai'bitration humbiiif, as betwe(;n Ameritta ;'nd Euro]ie. Ensign II. i\ellogg was Commissioner for the L'nited Slater, outvoted at Halifa.x. The Congress of \ienna, 181-J— l.j, distributed European territory and populati(»n. and exercised other powers, with as little remorse ami not more penitence than a banditti distributes its spoils, made up of the proceeds of rapine on Oie highway and hearthstone. France was jirostrated and exhausted, a liouibon Mas on its thi'ono, and Najioleon had mv\ his fate at Waterloo; so there was no military Satan abidad to make Fuiope afraid: Imt that very fact, for which diplonnicy should have been i! nnkful. mule dynastic parties greedy, covetous and cruel. The \'ieiina "ongress served the devil best, ami set portions of I'liiiopi' back lUot including Austria and England) a period oi' time eijiiivalent to two generations of men. And diplonnicy did that fell work when war was at an eiel. Turii. too. to the I^Tn ('oiigrrss of Heilin. The mfule! Turk in- vaded <'liri-tian Kuiope and captuii'd Adiianopic in lillll, Constanti- II iioplc ill 14.):^ Tufkisli iiili' in Kip(i|i(' l-as Iiceii nii (iiiti'MLic :irli;ii'iti('s iiillictcd on ili" ( 'liristiiin ,-nliii rt> of tiic I'di'tc liavc niiiiji' tlicii- rdiow-* 'liristian> .-liinldiT in all lands. And wliat- cvcr was done to make Tuikrv Vilax licr L'l'asp on the ( 'liristian's liirlits in Kiiro|.L', is ..laiiily due to I{u~-ia. l>iit lor I\ussi;i the allci- nati\<' would have iiccn NlaUii-ni ichai'L''ed from ihe cannons mouth), Ikussia. the chiei' cliaiuiiinn iti tin- Clu'istian pnjuilations in the Pro- vinces (d' Turkey, declared wai' ai'iiiii t 'I'urkev on the :.'4th of April, I'^TT. This war Mr.Lrhind cnuld ha\c a\ 'rted hv i'o(i|ieration with the other siiriiatoi'y powers to the I'aris treaty of Mai-ch ;)••. i>otl. hut Kuixland. •• pcrtitli'Uis Alhioi;." refiisi'd. The treaty of Sail iStct'aiio, (hitcd Fchiiiary 1'.'. lsT>^, in>iih' n\' ten iimnths f'riuu the declaration of war, attests the triumph of the Ku.-sian arms, tor the IJiissiaii forces foutrht their way across the IJalkans throutrh the riLTurs id' vviiilei'. oceiijiie(| Adriannph'. and at San Stefaiio were at the very If; tes (d' Coiistanliiiople. And then it was. afier the Turk has he(>ii whippe(|. that r»ritisli hluster lir(d\e loii : the IJi'ili-h Heel nf iron-clads. in \iolation of the treaty r.i' i'aris. and air:iiii>t the remim-lraiice (d' Turkey, steamed up the hardaiiidles : the Parliament of (xreat Uritaiii voted money, osteii- sihly I'oi' military and naval pi'eparatieiis. with a percentage for suh- sidv understood : for oHicial ,-crvitors of imjiecunious dynastio include clieai) human chattels, and as a litlle fuel will raise >team to Idow a whistle, so will a lew dollars raise wind to make a noise. A scrap-li(Hd< made ii|i of (dlicial I5riti-li correspondence and ciit- tiiiii's fr(Uii the London new-pajiers, heLiinniii:!: with the l>erliii Mem- orandum dated May, l^T'i. whiidi (treat IJritain reduced ti> siLfii, and which wouM have aveiled the war so di-aslroiis to Turkey, hy con- straining.' that do(Uiied despoti-in to i^ranf the concessions a~ked for hv the continenttil powci',-, would illustrate how the l>iilisli lion was imule rampant with imitation aiiixcr. till it swallowed an inland hchuiir- iiitr to ils ally, and so with Cyprus appt'asod its hunger; lor when .Uritisli huiiLi'er is appeaseil. IJritish pride is satislied. On the l^Sth dune, I>7S. a Coiii:'ress of st'veii ]iowers — Hus-ia. Turkey, Italv. Kranct', Au-tiia, (iermany and iu'dlit liy \v;ir t'l pidiiinte revolution : since, liowcViT powerful a iiotentate may sei^ni. lie must liave Iii-; peojile on his side, am! nni-l eoiifni-m to ])u!ilie o|iinioii in liis aetion. to assure stabilit \- ami justify su('eeriloiis it is an opin- ion e.\pre,-.-eil with satisfaction that France has culminated in Euro- ich I'C, on lire; is 11(1 ill i|)le Id- es s, iot- i'or poan politico, wliicli is uiidcrstoMd to iniply tli;it FriiiiPc is in irs (1(M':i- di'iu'c ; ;i)) cvKoiicdiis opiiiinn. Avliicli tlic |{c|)u!ilic. wlini it cimscs to repent old liistorv. and make-' m-w lii-toi-y for Kuro|re and mankind, ■will taki" care to erailicati'. trnsts liolli Fi'aiicr und (icnnanv. Ijceaiisc sented from the decision to seize a naval "station in ihe t'astern Mediterranean. eoi;u-sia, will never eease its efforts till the Bosphorus ami the J)ardam'lles are ^o held and c(Uiirolle(l that llu<- sia shall have free and unrestricted passaj^e for its commerce tliroiii^h the straits Ijotween tin' I Slack Sea and the Mediterranean, as (ireat Britain has fir its commerce throULr'h the Strait of (iibraltar fetween the Me(literranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The Mt'diteri-ancan Seti is to Bii-sia precisely what the (Jiilf of jNIcxico is to the .Mi>sis>ip]ii valhy. Tin IJaltic Sea is cdo^ed by ice to navigation in winter, like the American lake< and the Hudson and St. liawrence Rivers: but the straits to the Mediterranean are open throu_i!hout the year, like the Missi>sippi to the (lulf. And a- the first Napoleon throu,u-h hi< Moscow campai^'n. and the third .\'a|)nleou through his Crimean campaign, both lailed to drive J{us.->ui back Iroui \[ tlu' I>l;irk Sen riiwnnl- tlic I'.iillic. tlic '• iii;iiiit'cst destiny"" of IJn.ssia, in the jii'dv nlfiK'c (>i' i.niinns. slioiiM lunc mink' Kr;incc in 1>^7S wise to jii't'tVi' tlic l(ii-si;ins on tlir l)(is|)iiniMis niid in ('onst;intinn|il(', to inc'fciisc of JJritisli jiiiiMliction in the Mc(lii«'rfanL'an liasin. Spain, Krnncc. Italy. yNiisti'ia ami Kiieiit year I''ranee. in shortsightedness akin to blindness, ai d a> if in reinetid)raiiee ol' Moscow and forgetf'ulness ot" Waterloo, (;oilpcrated aLTainst liussia in a way that aggrandizcil A iistria ami (ii'cat l)ritain. the two powers which ill the ('oiigress of Vienna, t went v-t'our vcars ago. iiii|iovcrislied ami humiliated l''raiioe to ag- gramli/e and exalt themselves. J)nt the Ijcilin Conifress is over, and to the shame of Fraiiee. which returned home from the ( "oiigress of l>erlin empty-handed, if not a dupe, (ireat liiilain ha-- a Idcd Cyjirus to its Malta and Gihraltar fortifica- tions for its army and na\y in the Mediterranean (a iierliii Congress made liritlsli Lnhc]. where France, Italy, and Spain ought to bo ahsolnie. but are not : and whci'c. too. had France and Italy at Jlerlin been wise, they might always have Kiissia tor a safe and sure ally, which (Ireat Uritain never is. by reason of its shifting policy of expediency and interest ; liecMise the Hlack Sea is no more than aii alllnent of tin? Mediterranean Sea. whence the Atlantic Ocean is reached, as Lake Superior i> but an alllnent of J^ake Erie, whence the Atlantic Ocean is reached: and In'cause. also, liussia at (Jonstan- tiiiopb' could protect tiie waterway to the oceaii-world. 'i'be lilaek Sea and its tributary rivers, which ])ass their waters through the straits via (,'on.-.laiitinople, are all within the hydro- graphic basin of the Mediterranean Sea, as the Ohio and Missouri N'alleys are within tlie hyilrograpliic 1)asin of the Mississijipi IJiver; ami < 'oiistantinojile is to Odessa what New Orleans is to St. Louis; ; for St. liOiiis can only reach the ocean by natural waterway via New Orleans, and l>iiessa can only reach the ocean by natural waterway via Constantinople. Ami l{us>ia at (.'oiistantinople would be no more a menace to the Mediterranean powers than is the American Union on the (lulf of Mexico a menace to the West India, Islands. The lliissian pi'ogrammc. which (ireat Britain lia> inagiiirie(l into a pan- dora box to poison the Medirerranean aii' with su-picion-;. in truth makes Ikussia not the threatening eiiemv but the natural allv of the \:, .Mcditon'fiiiofiii powers, ('(iiuprisiiiir Fnni.'c. Itnlv, Spiiiii. ;iim1 (Jrcocc; (ii-ctit Britain, tlir tii-k'-iiiiistiT of finli;!. iidt iiiclmlnl. To r(%f,'rni (liliralliir i> a Iciritiiiiatc a>|iirati(iii in a licniir S)iaiiianl. ami Spain lias a liistorv to Ijrujct |)alri(iti>iii ami arnii-c aniliit inn. Anil what li('tt( !• political pmiio-i- S|iain can iiru;i' than the r('tri)rc--ioii nf (jii'i.iit:;:, ,s past onf comprehension. To ;,Miar(lian the Suez Canal is a legitimate French amhition. lor Franco promoted the Suez Canal when Croat JJritain umlerratod it, and disparaiiod and opj)Osed it. Over K^rypt. too, France should have retained the control it hail when the Suez Canal was openeil. nnder its auspices ami throuiih its material aid. and when Croat Dritain was in the haokground, wonderini; if the pi'inliiial Khedive wnuld soon sell er hvpotheoate his Suez Canal shares. In tiiith, France, luul it heen less ji'alous of Ivussia and mure >uspieii)us uf Croat I'liatain. miirlit have sustained its apjimpriate role as the chit 1' Mediterranean jmwer. in>toad of >uri'eiiderint!' In Croat Itritain that proud di.-tnntinn, wrestt'd from l''rance hy diplomacy that ovorrt'aches and hy intriu'uo that iinderndnes. Jiut the friond> of the Jlepuhlio oi' France need not despair nor despond, for its diplomacy may he revived and its pre-tine restoroil, tinder a progressive I'roriidont elected hy popidar vote or its eipiivalent, as in the I'luted States. J'ossihiy Creat Britain may strive to anticipate l'"i'aiice and make itself the ally id' ltus>ia. for (ircat IJritain is a mnney pnwer aied its '• interests "are ohamelonn in cnlors. Hut llii-sia has aims in Asia, and can there oause Creat Jiritain trihulation. and so {"'ranee and Italv may yet with I{usretation. '"'or is not the hondt of eelesti;d fire a convincing proof when it explodes tliat electricity is a force in nature'' Is not Turkey shattered :\here ri\on Iiy the l!us-ian holts of war ill FiUropean Tuikey and A>ia .Minor'.'' is not Turkey -horn of the island of Cvinus hv its defensive treatv wiili (ireat Britain, -i^im d June 4. InTS. whorehy the latter stipulate- to assi.-t Turkey " if any attempt -hall he made in future time hy Bussia to take jiossos.-ion id" any further torriloi'ies of his Imperial .Majesty the Sultan, in A.-ia " — I»i lint ill Kin'o])(', lie it iiotcil ;iiiil nlisorvcil '.'' Ati'l is Hot Turkey also sliiii'ii (if ll(>>iii;i iiimI JlcrzcirnN iii;i, liv the tl'(;ity nt" I'x'ilili. -i'_'MciI .liilv I :'.. IsT'"^. wliirli prcscfiliril ili;it the two provinces naiiicil shall lie occ'upicil and niliniiiistcrcil liy Anstfia ? is not tin- f\ iilcm-i' con- cliisivo tliat (Ircat llritain ami Austria coiiinTatcil a;_fainst l{ii--sia, al'ti'V it- victories in war and its San Stetano pejicc treaty, to aL^j:raii- di/.e tlienisclvcs at the expense of Turkey ? An oreiiarilist anxious to save a iree stri]iped of >oiiie of its lira,nehes hy a storm in an aiiL'rv wiml. does not cut oil' its reiiiainiiiLr sipund liudts. And yet, Austria and (ireat Hritain, after the tree of 'i'lirkev had heeu trimmeil with l{us,-ia s sword, from its top liiiiiis to the ;:roiind, loppei] oli" ijosnia, ller/e:^ovina. and Cvpi'ii-;. leaviiej; the tree of Tiirkev like a weoiiiii;: willow, with hranehes hrokeii otV hy a temi)est and limhs cut away with the axe — the tirst a coiiseijueiice of war in the lield, thi' latter of eraft in the council. hynastiv'-' ;;ie not iro\erniiients. crowned heads are ikU nationalities. I'lihlic opinion, foiiii(le(l not in prejudice or pas>ion, hut in conclusions ha>ed on r('a>oii. is the paramount power. Ami a dynasty that for- feits the coniidence ol the penple it reiij;ns over maybe cast overhoard witiiout injury to the >tate, as a (h'ud marine mav he cast overhoard hv an admiral without injiirv to his lleet. Is not the <>ueen of Kni:'- land an ornan;ental leather in the .-cales that weiu;h political power in Great Uriiain'.' hidimt the jieople of h'rance, through their depu- ties in the Asseiiihly. make it palpahle to an ei[uivocal Ilep'iihlicau President and to lUionaparlists m 1^77 that ihi^ rmiji d'etiit o[' Dccvm- lier li, IcS")!, is not pos^ihle a sec()nil time"' And if in past time the voice of the people \\a.> sniotlu'red in supei'stitioii and ignorance by craft and chicanery, m present time "the voice of the peojile is the voice of erlin ('ongress of 1878 were as clay in the liands of the potters who mani|)ulated that conclave of jugglers, who adjourned grave i|Uestions aiid settled only minor matters. In the ('(ingress of IJerlin the 15iitisli amhassailor, a lord by patent, sat with a secret treaty with Tuikev in his iiockct. In a coiiixress of boys, a boy ambassador detect<,Ml with a secret treaty in his pocket under similar circumstances would have been evicted for turpitude and di.-graced among boys. iUit the Ilussiaii-Turkish war of 1877-78 is of record, and the San Stefauo treaty is a historical milestone in the road li'Mni .Mo>cow to ( 'oii-tani iiiojtie. lvu Spain. i l;i]i|iil_v I'nr tiic I nitdl States oiilv mie Inreiirn ]inuei'. < I nut IJritain. was jealuiis i>\' it- a('i|ni-itiiiiis. IJiii Mnha|i|>il_v t'nr liu^ia, which is a creiliiiii' nutinu \>\ t:'reat (nM- in it- iireiuint with hiIicc natinns nf hel|i ieh(hi'e(l an'l ricei\i'K it h;i' eiiemie- ai.tl ie:iluii> nt'i!j:lil)i)rs \vh. hnwever, Kussia, liy the S;in Stct'ano treaty nf 1>!. even as nnHlilieil h_v the llei'lin (.'oni;Te>s, chMM^'eil tlie map nl' hliirdpe; for it made Sei'via. Monteiieirrn. and lloumania imlependent nai iniialities. 'I'rne, Kmi- niiinia -hnued its nnworthiness nf iiMh'pemh'nee liv it< liasenes* to its oeiiel'aetor ; hut nevertlitdess Ununiani;! i- wrested tinally frnm Turkey, anil il' portioneil away here; fter so much the hetier. for on it> inimhit- ant.- is ini])osed an inipoi', 1 prince impoient to preveui tiie fciroces- sion of l)e--;ir;iliia tn l!u--ii. oi' Mock tlie llu->ian'> w.iy to ('on^lan- tinople. Ser\ ia is a iialioiiid net uliicli diplomacy cannot cr;ick to divide its kernel : ami Montcueun'o is a -tar stal;'. not a mould camlle to l»o e\tinguishc(l with Au>tiian or linti-h -nidl'ers. In a word. there are Christian fruits of wars pa>t iiiid i:-eruiinatini; seeds of w;ir> to come, on the Uhudv, the ,l\i:'eaii. tiie Adi'iatic, and the .Mediterra- nean Seas, which will restore to Chri-tum rule it> ancient sites, and make the Meiliteri'aiiean a distriliutinu: hasiu umhr riu'ht- common to all the nations that have po-se->ions wiiiiin it. from (iihrallar to Odessa and the forks of tlu' hanuhe. ciiAi'TKij vr. I\ the Berlin Coiii'res-. which met June loth, and adjourned July lo, IST^^ — a Couiiress wherein Italv and France fell >hort lA' the o])poi'tunity and the occasion — lius^ia diil not have the hearty coiiperation of a siuirle [)ower to a-si>i it to maintain the conces.-ions to the (.'hristians it had won mi war and secured hy treaty. On the conti'arv. the powers jiresent ap]ie;iri'd to make common eau-e to harass l{u->ia to the limit inipo' npprf-siil jn'ciplo rmi-cil to arms, tlic IictWdik III' (l\li;islii' uovcriiiiiciit i> liiit ;is :i s|iiilci'-\vcii. l't'(;|ili-< in niiu'i'i iiic I'lU'ccs in iiiitni'c. I'csistloss ns liirlitiiini:. Iiiii'iifam.' ainl IImd'I. Nur was (Ircat Itritaiii. willi ail it> i|i|iliiiiialir Imuli' !iiii1 iirw «|ia|icr liliistci'. ils |iarliaiiiriilar_v liiiiicomlii' and its imi^v jn'cjiaralinn i'nr war. ihclinliiii: its dianiatic li'aiis|i()i't i>\' ti'Dups IVnin Imlia to Miilta — ii jMovc'ini'Ht wliicli inclmlcd a lijnt to Italy ami l-'raiicc — anxious for actual liosrilitics : liccaiisc IJi-itisIi sliips in tlic can vih;:; trade aronnil tlio \\nrld would liavcatTordcd t'at prizes to tast-ijoin;^ Alalianias incorporated into ilic |{us>ian navy ; for, clear as lihie sky at nnon-tinie, in sun- shine, i> the i'act tliat. in a war hetwren l{iH.>ia and (Ireal Dritain, iJus^iau ships of the Alahaina >tylewill scour the sc"-s and make prizes of merchant >hips, (Jreal llritain hreaks treaties and ii^iiores ti'catics; and, a- ■'curves come home to roost," (ireat IJritain will sulfcr the coiisr(|Ucnce of her own ])i'acticc, wIh'U she plotted the de>ti'Mciion of Americaii eomnicrci', with KhLdish-oiidi Alahamas, maiiiu'd with l'!iii:li.>Ii crews, to pi'cy on the cninnicri'e of the I nited States. Mo'ilands aim was to srver tlie Anicriciin Inioii. make a eomuH'i'eial ally of the cotiou ( 'onfcdi'mcy. and strip the North of its ships on ihe sea,-, so that l'lni;land could command the ocean-carryini; trade of hotli section-, in the war of the IJeiicllioii. KiiLi'land — al»oli- tion Hn;_dand — caicil as litth' for the I'act tliat human -lavery, aL.fainst which it had Ioult kept U|i a loud outcry, was thi' ha-rs of the Southern ( 'oiiiedei-acy it •j:\i\v aiil to in every c(Miceivalile .>urreptiliou- way. as .lMi;:laii(l. in the war ht'twcen Ku.-sia and 'I'uikey. eareil i'oi' the fact that the i,--ue involved Chri.-tian cniancipatiou from Mahono'taii ,>er- vitutlc. At lierlin. (ireat liritain intrigued to dividt' the l>iil.^'aria created liv the ti'eaiy of San Slefaiio, so that Turkey nnglit I'eceive hack Christian >uhiects released from its rule hv llii>.-ia. and therehv ])rolon,i: its >tay in Kurope, where it is a trespasser. tireal Uritain ha- pari_\ erics, hiil no ]ioliticul ju'inciples. In its coiipei'ative sympathy with the Soiiiheni (Jonl'eileracy it forswore ils moral convictions aL^ain.-t human >la\ery and helied its loiiil-mouthed )ii'ofcs>ions of philanthropy I'or the African in liondage. In its zeal i'nv Turkey, so that for service in JSuliniria it mij,ht take pay in Cyprus, (ireat iiritain. at I>crlin. ])lotteil and intrii:;ued ai^aiiist the followers ol' Christ, ill r)ul;:aiia. to delay their delneraiice from the followers ot' Mahomet, in t'oiistahl inople ! On the slaj;e an act'>r can chaiiL:> hi^ part aci/ordiiii:' a^ he nuiv l)e cast — in one |rlay a patriot, in another piay an apo-tati — hecaii.-e it i> hi.- piofes.-ion to ••hold the mirror up to nature" in hi.- iinitdtidna ol the characters in his ti'Xt, from ni^ht to ni:j;lii. JJiit nations are I'.' ;i,L';,'i'<';:iitiiiii> III" iii'li\ iiliiiil-j, iiinl cliiir.icrcr t|s HDt cmisist *tf words spdlscii (if ;i 111:111. \\)V lliiii i« ri |iiit;itiMii-~;i fliiiiM- ,,f ii(.\\>|);i|)cr iiiiinii- riictiirf - liiii i< ilic i.rniliict (if u life, |,iil)|ic i priviitc. CliMiMctiT is pure liiclJll. \\Iici'c.i> |'c|iiit;ilin|i iiiiiy \n' liiiiili- il|> 'A' ;illnV» lli.'it >\V( II f*\'/A\ liiit ijii iioi iiii'^iiiciit Millie. Tliii<. wlii'ii, fur illiislnilinii, ili(> Loiidoii '/'/'///( .V Miv- -I) uikI XI (jT ;i |'iriti>li p'llitici.iii, its priiisc oxnlts Mini its cciisin'c il('pi'('ci;itc>. rcpiiiiitinii : Imt it docs not iilVt-ct cliiif- actci', Inr iliiii i-; iiiiiil" lip not ot'wdid-, wliicli ;irc wind. Imt nf d Is, uliicli arc wciuilits and iiicasiirt'S. I Iciicc ( ircat iJi'itaiii, loiiii; ai:" ••ailed " I'crlidioiis Alliinii." is pcrlidiniis -till, l).caii«', wliilst, it prn- {i.'.s.st'.s iiKiial principle^, it Jilav- iiiiwui'iliy tricks Inr -Iinji-kci'pcr and liioiiey-k'tid.')' ends, in llic drama ><[' pruiircv-, in the intrrcst id' civilization, in the last liuiidrcd vcai's. (ireat liiitaiii is iiniiicasiifaldy Itcliind liiissia ; i'oi' Kiissia is not a, rover, sciziiiir here and there, hut a pro;.fressioiiist, that pushes out its tVontiers in the domains of anti- christ, to spread civili/iilion and develi.p tlie industries and the arts, jieiiee. Ilii.-sia is a urowiiii; puwer, with a de»liiiy to liillill. whereas iilain is a nionevt'd pdwer that make-, the credit -ide o|' its prolit and lii>< account paramount to ii> moral priin'iples and rcliu'ioiis ])rol'es.>io!is. Ilii-sia aholi.-hi d x'td'a^'e, and will make other rerniiir- as I)oid, after it secures peace nii la-titiii' li i-|ns. (Jreat IJritain had oppdi'tiinitv to >uecnr Tiiikey as an ally and eo-hclli^fereiit. when l'le\iia surrendered and hefore the ilii-.-ians had crossed llie ilaikaii.- : aiid piior to the Ilu.-.-iaii oei iipatioii of Sophia and AdriaiKiple, i!rili-h and Aii>tiian coiipei'at ion mi:;ht have checked the jtroirress of JSiissia, and so pre-erved 'i'lirkey nominally intact in Kiirope. leavin;.; it to make concessions only to piiMic opinion in niattei's of adminislraiion, without surrender of territoi'v; for. ratle r than see the ("hristian (ireidv ('liiirch i'e-e>tahlislied in ( 'onslanliiiople, ('atholie Austria and i'lutesiant i'lnnlaud woiiM plot ai^'ainst iliissia, aiid repeat the ireachei\- of .iudas to .lesiis ( 'hri>t. 'I'he over-fed priot-polilieian and the ovei-paid rector-politician are unwoi'ihy I'ol- lowcrs of the Saviour and ilis apo>tles : !or, with the poliliciaii in rohes it i< self, >elf, self. \vlierea< with the apo it was evcrythiiiL^ for the cause oj' tile Sou id'(!od on the eai'ih. ii, 1 kingdom founded 111 unselli~li .-acriliee for the common ^ood of mankind. J»iit ti'ife till Turkey wa; crushed and the San Siefaiio treaty had made peace hetweeii the l';ili,L:;erents. And hy the San Stcfaiio treaty hetwcen itussia and Turlvcy, the iiide- 4 *.o pcnilciici' III' Srrvia (.*.h Muliti'iicifi'ii Ii, !ilii| llipillii.iiii.i till' U'raclii'lMii •. \v;is xcdPfil : illl'l tllfxc tlirt'f new iii(li|iriii|iiit iia:i(tiialiti('« were, liv flu- liii-«iaii-Tiirl\cy treaty ol' San Stil'ann, aiMtd tu the I'lnioii.'aii pcwcri. rml.'aria. too, al'ti'f loii;: siillcriii;^ in si-rvitinli'. \va» mnilc an fii.ld'Vn iiati«inality, willi i'nlari.'<'il liountlarics ami a c'oni|irrlirii-i\c |irii;;raii)iiic. The lli'ilin ( 'oli^^ri'ss. Iiuwfvcr. s\a> cilliil. an'l lp_v tliat \n irc-worki'tl cuni'lavf of wi/,anl- ami iIii|pin. ihc San Stft'.ino IiiMty \va« ri'visdl. in (•oiiiiiion jwiloiisy of Russia ami in ihc sjiccial int(i«'.".t of Ail>triii and .Kn;rlanil. liccaMsc tlic airilia>sailors sions — u fart wliidi all intcllii'i-iit ainl ini|iartial Italian ami j'"i'cnrli rc|nililic!iiis fcil and ifali/u: and Aii'triu, in oXiiltation ovi'f Italy and l''iam c. ociMi|iic» |!u>nia aiid lit ■r/.c!_'o\ ina, and (irrat llritain, liy a *-('iTfi treaty. i,« in |po-»fs.i..n ul" tlie inland of ( ' V|ii'ii.<, wlicreliy its M(ilit<'riMneaii ]in.-.e»,i,iii> mr eular;_'ed, nnd Italv and France are (■nri('^iiiiiidiiiij;ly lieliitK'd a« Mediterranean |inwer.-. And tints im'atitiine that the Turk — erm'l to ijir ('liri»tiaiis aiid treaeln I'lns m the lln>>ian> -\\ii> mnieti(l iiy iln- Aii-triaiis and Dritons. Italy and l'"rance were treaied a> irnll-. ami apiMji-ed wiih WipiiU. AVoe to tin lli'l'lin amlia>-aili'r< 'd Italy aiel Kralieel What iK xt nmy traii-)iire in Knipp|ii'an Tnrkey i«. in the future, si'aled from tin' kiiowlediie ol' man. lint iliat the l»i i-lin treaty uhieh iiniipi'ed Italv ami Kraiu-e a> .Medit'rranean powers, ai'irramlized Ans- tria and inllated dreat Uritain with Iiln>ter. is nu'iely a |iosi|,Mnenn'nl of a liiial settlement wliieli the [inwer.-- dul not then dar<' to make, in till' i'aeeof the soeiali.^tic ami ot lii'r aL:itatipiii- aiita_'oid>lie Ip> ilyna>tic shams, framls and pen-ions, is [laient to r\t'\\- niiollieial snhjiet in Kiiro|ie. Servia aiid Moniene;.frip, howe\er. hiptli now inile|ii'mlent — lur tlu' lierlin (!lln^re^s did not venture to i,Li'm;ru the Servia ami Moiiteiiegro ]ir(p\isions of the San Stefaiio treaty — '>cciijiy iio-itioiis which iusiifv c'XpeetatitPiis of aiXL^randizenient. In truth, the theme of Kuro|)eaii 'J'lirkey liri>tles with |io>siiiilities which chan;j;e >haj)e according to eircumstances, as >ea wave- lake form ami derive their force from the |)revailin;:- winrinci|rfds in the war. 'lipl their hest, ami Tnrkey nwide peace to keep the llits-ians out of < 'onstantinople ; for if the J'urte ha iIowe\ er, w i,h Tiirkev ra •le-s t /.et'il into (li-iiro|i..riiipn !• o (•onsKier. lU-sia as a Uiililary power, Ku>sia can cuntem|date the .-lay ipf the Turk- in (Joii- stuntiiiople as citizens of the rnitcd Statt's coiiteiiiplate the Spaiiiard.s :.l ill (lif i>l;iti'l ul' ( 'iihii. .\«i ii Spiiiiisli poxscssioii ( 'iilia i< iiMf ;\ niniiicc; lillt till' I'llili'll Stlltc- WnllM lint fiplclMlc tllr t IM l|«i|Vr iif ('l|lp;i tn (il'Cllt l»ril;iih, (irrillilllV or KrilllCC. 'I'lir AllirrioiUlS i|(i linl CnM'l ' 'illiil lini' want it iiiiiH'\t''l to tlif I iiiuii, Imt tliu AliH'ri(';iii> woiiM iiit('r|»os(' til |ii('vriit till' triiii.'t'tT i)f Ciiliii Innii tlir piis-iosinii nf Spiiiii til ii piiwir risiil III' coiiipi'titor tn tlic I'liitfil StiitcM; fur with Spiiiii tlic I'liiti'i'i States cuii ciiltivutu rcciprni'iil coiiniii'rriiil rt^liitiuii"', witli- niit (lander nl' sfiiniiH iiiisiiiiilt'i*staiiiliiiLr. Ami sn. in like maimer ami IVom eorrespiimliiig cause, Russia cftulil cniiti'iiiplate 'I'lirkey, as left by tlie ti'eaty of San Stefami. in possessimi nl' ( 'on^tantimiple, Iieeaiise Jliissia ami Tiifkey eoiiM tliem>^elves cari'v mit tlieir ovmi treaty ami jniiitly rei'iilate tlie iiavi;iati«iii of the straits frmii the Mlaek Sea to the Meiliterraiieaii. Tlii< reasmiiii;^, (ileiir when the treaty ol' San Stefaiio was siLTiieil in Kehrnary, IM"!^, is ennelii-^ive since the lierlin treaty of -Inly, 1S7«. True, tliu IJritish. who have money to hrihe corrupt men in oftlce, ami who wear hrass to hide Mushing', say that it is Kiissia wliich has been depriveil of the friiitiii\L!:eonei| where previously it liad not hreii even j'-iiii^iil; ami to app('a.>e l)riti>Ii lust. (Christian emancipation has heeii imlefinitely ;. .st|)oneil, tliou;::li Turkey is weaker if not .-mailer than it was h'ft by the treaty of San Stefaiio; wlier<'as Jtiissia. witii IJe^sarabia re^aiiieil to the Danube ami I'riith, ami I'.atoiim ami Kars ami about nine thousand square miles of eoiitiiiuoiis territory aiiiirxed in A>ia Minor, can recuperate in patit'iice for another struif.ii'h' when a propitiou- opportunity recurs ; for Russia, \;ist and poweil'iil as it is. cannot stay its march nor stop its wars whilst the Turk as an enemy patrols the Straits and lin^i'rs in Kurope. a scandal to the (.'hristiaii ('liiirch and a reiiroach to civil- ized iiiankiml. And perchance, whilst dynasties and cliurches jilot and counterplot, the mas-es mav exercise the inherent riudit of revolution, and make the crowned heads of Kuro]M' heiid and 1m. w down in the popular blast aiiaiiist tvraiinv an I titles, like reeds and willows in a storm. i; Uissia Ivussiaiiizes ,mericaiii/A' wiiere Iliev annex. where it overruns, and the Liiited States France contains nothiiiLi' but French- men HI a natiniial s( n-e. am 1 all (iermaiiv is fatherland lo(iermans. Itab-. loo. is 1 mliinifcm'oiis. aiiO hain I- a iiiii I. Wnt Au-ir I a IS a cahinct-piece, stuck to;.'eilier svilh diplniiiatii' <^\nr. not a lusion o ill iliatiiij: metals ca-i in a moiil f a> broii/e is a fu>ion of copper ami iiM'U with zinc ami tin fl ati.-fact(U-v to the artist s e_ iir k'ad to make it a limpid iluid for a castii and cohesive to withstand the weather, r.j Ilunciii V is ,1 s('C(l-L':irilo)i of (lisooiitciit : Mini wlioii tli(> livdro- Tiipliic l);i,-iii 111' llic l''ll"' -liiill liavc liccli iiiimIc llic inoili'l nl' a [lolit- i| |i(ittci''> (TMi-k. r>n!i('iiiia will Ih' in < icrniaiiy. ird r.cacHiislii'M i> Ciiliuicl MiiIImitv Sellers (U'Vclnpcd into Mac- lictli the aiiiliitioiis, with his witches, i.iily that his I)uiicaii is in ('mi- staiitin())ile ami his witehes are in India. If a Cfoniwell were to I'ise in Eni.daiid, ;i \Vallaee in Scotland, and an i'lininet in Ireland, and the hilidr oi-irain/.ations in ( Jreat Britain would sinndtaneiiiislv jU'oelaini a Hepuhlie. the Houses (if Lords and ('(iniinoiis would heciiMie the Senate ami Asseudily of a new Hepuhlie, ami the Itritish Islands would he I'nited State-^. with a nei;.ddior lle|inhlie in Franee. across the Kn^lisli Channel, and a syinpailietic l{e|Mildic in Auu'rii-a, hetweeii the Atlantic and racific Oceans. The case of l>. A. .Vninmn. the hrakeniaii. who successfully oper- ated a raiirnad ilmin;:' the I*ittshiii'i;h riiil< in duly. 1^77. when luoh rule jirevailed in that city, where dotruetioii was I'anipant frnui Saturday nijzht to Sunday eve under ciiciimstancos indelibly dis- irraceful te it- military and police autlmrities and civic population, is an illustration of how an improvised administration, intuitively orLMii- i/ed, miuht succeed in rev(diition oru'.'Uiized out of riot, without dis (U'l'^r in civil administration. The people have oidy to oi'i;ani/.e their power with wisdom and Mpply it without rashne-s. to make revolution out of hoiidaL^e into freedom a success in permanent rel'orm. Am' if this he deemed loo hopeful a view id' American adaptahility or hiinia I intuition under free institutions which li'erniinate ideas and e\pedieni< for c.\i;j;encie.- iiiu'.xpected and surprisiiiLi:. the example of (ieiieral I'. S. (iiant should civc peace to the doiditin^- mind. In May. 1>^(!1. I'. S. (irant. a private citizen of (ialeiia. Illinois, raised a comjt.iiiy of \nlunleers in his own iiei;^hhorhood. marched with it to Spriiiirfuld. tlic capital of Illinois, tind temler(.'d his servici'S to (loveriior \ ates. who turned Ids constituent's e\|ierience to prac- tical account in oriraniziiiir the State troops; fur 1'. S. (Jrant had served in the Mexican war. and ^.as, mmvover. a iri'adiiatc oi' West I'oint. the national military sidiool. Here. then, was luaterial for n militaiy schoolmaster, in a soldier trained and tried. Ill time of peace he had I'etired to private life; hut when secession ap]Maleil to the swovd. hi' reappeared in helialf and defence of the I iii m: and how persistently and suceessl'ully he waii'ed war and won battle is accepit'd truth in the faieiliar history o\' a pure patriot and i.'.reat commander. The unexampled cosmopMlii.'in .■utentimis paid 1'. S. (Irant in for- eign lands attest to a woridwid" appreciation of his conspicuous mer- its, L'il'iili,f('iit ill rplclitv aiul luToisin to c;ms(> aiid ooiiiitrv ii' civil \v;ii\ and iifterwarils in l"ii»i1 iiitciitimis in trviiiii times. Fnun a jnivatc citizen l'. S. (Jraiit aseend'Ml step liv stcj; \n the to|i-lan(lin^' of ennnnander-iii-chier o[' all the armies of the Inilrd States : al'ter a civil uai' of \\>\iv vears he was twice elected President of tlie I nited State-; and on llie expiratiou of his second term as Cliicf Mat:i>trate, March '■). 1^77, he aL'ain retiirneil to iirivate cit- izenshi}). Honors are not titles, nor are titles mei'its. ])ee(ls ai'c tlnallv only represented h_v names, and hence in after time, and to posterity, the name exjjresse-; all. is the symhol of evci'ytliin \V loreiore rivss Simpson (irant. or otherw i.-e and popularly and siirniiieanily I'liited le \vhole suliject full and complete, without States (irant. stand- I'or i abbreviation, reservation or contraction. xVnd when the Kuropeaii subject looks on the American citizen U. 8. Grant, and sees in him an nna.-sumiMi: man without pi'eiension ind without title. >ihh'Iv liie sii^mt mii-t MiLTiXol to his sol)er ri'ilection th vanity of hereiliiary titles and the co>iliness of royal pertpaisite,- and m-nsioiis paid to the |)ro_:j;eny of dyiia>lic wedlock. Clrant rose out of the people, om' of tliem.-elves, and, after public service in war and in peace, returned back to the jieople. one of ihem- solves : and his example will be illustrious forever in a name allame ■with patriotic lame: for in him i> re|ire-ented and ('mbodied the trin- ity (d" duties oiilv pos-ible in a rejiublic — private citizen, cummander- in-clii(d'. chief nia'j,istrate. Those who advocate a third-term President would mar the fini-iii'd picture of the man, for the ihird-lerm thoii^'ht implies more than it expresses, and is not cons(Uiai!t with the precedent set by \Vashiii--ton iml since oiisci bs( ■\-ed as a law of sacred impitrt, wdiich (•aniiot be misin- terpreted to the American penpb When 1- ranee wi'lco leoiiied libeilv back to Paris, and drove the reil- li unlcil a nd inccndii'rv toreli-brariii::: commiini-ts from her leiiiiih desecrated bv iheir diaboli-ni, ami tor the tlnrd time couscerated tlio sacred ediiiee whose aliar-llres bad b(vn twice belbre extinLrnisiied, France achieved a irrand i^-lorv foi- army-ridden Europe. o liiiertyin its ilweiiinLr-place m a re| mo lie a moll is a foe as d; in- irerous ami < lestitiite ol reasiiii a- a do^- with the li vdropliolua, ; lor mtidliLreiit human nciie.:- p refer an \' and cNcrN' fiii'in of tj;o\('niment to inar<-liv : and as the bavoiiel as an insirument of (irder is the basi.- oi desiiolism. as the h diol as an expression oi power b le liasis (}i republicanism, the enemies id' order in free government are more than disturbers i<[' [\\r peace, and are to be treated, after notice I'casoiiable to all not denHiiis, like animals inoeiilated with the saliva of mailncss : .'A hcciuisc between anarcliy :ni(l cinler in a ropul)lic the hw must pre- vail or libei'ty .siiccunil) in anareliy, ilic precursor to despotism ; i'or trust breakers in olliee and eharter-elad ofll'ender!? who betray invest- ors and wronir employes and transporters would barter away a state to a Central authority for protection, and sell liberty to enjoy si)oils ; l)ut anIktc intelligent use is made of the ballot at the polls, abuses in the jiublie service, in corporation practice, courts ot" law and else- where, can be reaehrd and abated, and remedies provided for all evils curable by pure legislation and honest administration, from tlie chief justice to the street-sweeper. For as " the last shall be first and the first shall be last," so in a re|)ublic the bootblack-boy may rise above the chief justiceship to the [)residency of the Tnited States, and the born heir to fortune may ilie a beggar. The few make the noise, the numy do the honest work of life: the tribunals try but a snuiU per- centage of the population lor ofi'ences. and the jails are few and far apart, showing that fidelity to law and duty to society is the rule, dis- obedience to law and dishonesty to fellow man the exception ; where there is ventilation in the newspapers, a foul transaction smells ''ar- ther than .in orchard in blossom, yet the fruit ripens in its season, by which time the rotten aspiraiit is in disgrace; modest merit survives in ex(iuisite memories in the atlcctions and in the books, but corrupt selfishness, like an I'l/iiis ftiliiKS in foul air over decavinix matter in a morass, is aluminous exhalation that misleads and disappoints; the bad man is on a trap-door with a possilde rope overhead, sure oblivion bnieath his feet, except as he limy serve i'or an admonition in the ser- mons of prison chaplains and moral instructors of youth. Apathy, too, is sometimes deadly to liberty, as sleep is sometimes death in a disguise that disarms Mispicioii. In a republic inanition in a citizen IS a crime against society, which can protect itself from a lunatic by confining him in an infirmary, whereas the citi/eii who omits to dis- charge his moral responsibility nndi'r the civil code is protected against incarceration, because to per>onal freeilom iie has a natural right not forfeited to the statute: fir, tiiough mentally defunct to political duty, he is jiliysically alive in the social condition; informa- tion and experience are kiHiwledge and wisdom, and government is exalted and pure in jiroportion as the governed participate in public atVairs and adju,-; ellii'ial conduct to a standard that will bear scru- tiny, satisfy coi:scieiicc and command ropect. 'flie individual must be a creditor in hi> acci^uit with tlie community in whicii he is an atom, possibly a light : and in proportion us he shows a balance to his credit large or ,-niall will he be oteeiued much or little in the cir- cumfei nee of the circle rippled by his pioceediiigs : for status is a valuation jnit not on piMimse but on peiformance ; and herein is a vojisnii ^\■]\y •\ ni;iii in coiisjiiouoiis nfllro oi' pnsitiitn wlio niisiliroets its iiilliiciici-; ;iiiil iriMi|i]ili('s its jiat i'nn;i;;-c mihI jiowcm's, out of ollico sinks out nf -iL'lit. ;niil ;irtcr liiiri.il in tlic I'lirtli is lost in oblivion deep ns ;i tlMiiisiind Years: liavinu; -ti'aycd into f'nrltiiMcn \vays ami prai'ticcil imwovtliv ait-. ]i\< nanu' is cast mit ol' tlii' Vdcahiilary of his cotciri- jioiarii's, liis cdail jutnr- nproiicli liiin to cxriist' theiiiselves, and tlio ])ublic know liini im more: and as a luniinarv falls, so will its siitel- lito disappear out of the liiiuanu'Ut nf prefornR'Ht, wlicro its liorrnwcd lirrlit is shed ill lialiful licauis. A cnuiinuuitv of sN)tdts I'ni-tiine to prevent its conviction in the cuurts. is lielph'ss and without d^'fein'c in the trihiinal ol' the jn'npje, where law- yers" words are vapcus. and lie,-, like damp rockets, will not coruscate. The J'hiladclphia soldiers ,,[' the I'ennsylvania. National (Jiiard who were ahandoiK'il to the iiioh and multitude at PittshiirLih, Sanirday iii'dit. dulv :^l. I. '^77. miller circumstances indescrihahly disLMMcefitl to the local military and jiolice authorities, and who, havinji; success- fully ihreiided themselves throughout the night, in a lioiind liou-e, whither thev had heeii improperly ordered hy Major 77 (pur-iied hy a nioh of haser hca>ts than hull< in a hei'd. whieh mob fired all its -hot- from the re. f. and so did deed- id" iimrder on the holy dayi, afterwards return- ■; to I'ittsliurgh with recruits arrived out from home and fellow-soldiers from the interiiu- and horder counties, and reoceiipied the -ceiie of riot : in order that I'ittshiirgli should -CI' and know, and to make I'ittsluirgh feel and realize in the spectaide of its suhmi-sion. that the law i- iiarammiiit and the State sujtreme in every jiart of I'enn-ylvania. Where the law i- defied free governiiieiit iloe> not discuss the r.n/.sv (d' outhreak against order. Id'e or property. It re-tores peaee. makes ama'je-. and eon-ichrs a remedy tor prevention. irrots. a--es-( And till' Inioi I IS so I'XtiiiSlVe. a ml its spread-out pop ui sitioii of readers ami think ers IS -o we intoruio'l on e\( or iits past and present, that a ■al demon-tration. whether aggravated for jiolitical party purposes for ar-on. pillaLre, ami tniirder. is filh.wed hy instant preparation to ocriiiiv t he scene ot rm i'v: ve-. that ,- the won \—ri"( — for in.-iirrec- tioii is farther from the inientioi i< ol a I'enn-vlvanian than is a vi^dl anee coiiimittce in t ime ot i and pillage-a|)pro\ ing popii Siinduv moh in the luililie -tre••t^ » 1 ii-oidi'r MU' reili'e.-smeii t. And the arson alion of I'itt-hiirgh, (piiescent where the a>.-a-siiiated four stranger- ol' tin eiinsv I' by ll Ivaiiia Nat ioiial ( mar' it to ritt-hiir^'h Iroiii i'hil; iilelnliia le Male (dliceis in au'liorit v al llarii-ljurg. wa.- meek and ipiiet 5(5 (and t'ontrifo ciinccniiiiLi; iIiiiiimlti's), wliilst llic iiiilitiirv posscsscil Pitfs- l>iiri;li :iii(l fdfccil it to cut '• liiiiiiliK' jiic," lucMiitiiiic tliiit railwiiy tr;illic wa.*^ i-csiiincil ;iii(| irniiis (lc|i;irrcil iiiid iirrivcii ini -iclicilulc time. AVIicii (JdVcniDi- -J. F. Jlnrlraiit't arrived out at I'itt.shiirgli with Pciinsylviiiii.'i tnidps. K. A. Ainuioii. llu' ln'cvcttcd iii'akciniui. vesiifiiod; iind tlicii l'itthliin'!_'Ii liad oppoi'tiinity in lei-iifo to meditate the eoii- se(|iieiiees id' its moli svmjtiitlues. its Stitiirdav iiii:lit tre;i(dierios, and its Sabbath-day (h'put fires and hiirlnvay murdei' i>l' straiiLrers umU'r orders, in the service of the Conniioiiwealtii. 'I'hc ei'atcr ol" a vuleano in eruption is an insecure phu'i^ against tlic hiva. cin(K'r and muddy matter east up out ol' a '• bottomless pit ;"' liut the phice ]iolice in a tVciizy. its mob cantankerous and eoiiten- tiiiiis. and its stokers overhot from over\v(»rk at its fires, as described Ity painters in eobirs and poets in \\ords. is a phiei; of nierey com- ]tared witli pandenioidum l*itlsburi:h on that saturnaii.m Sumhiy, July lil'. 1ST7. Oyeiiiir ecrtaiii colors is a hist art : and lying, nntwithstamling the antiipiily id' the piaclice. is still an impcrlVi't di.-guise and a poor suli-titule. else the efforts (d' the w illing w ills and weak minds that atlcmpteil to mitigate the guilt of I'ill.-liurgh by the manufacture of imitation truth in eronkt'd afterthoughts would hav(> had a less mor- tifying termination : but the charcoal in the ]iyres ahmg the railway tra(dtoiies, and the crime of Pittsburgh was too fully recni'dcd in its owi: and other new>papers of the day and in after documents and report-, fWr //, disiilK"! from fiction to wash out its stains. And .-,■> ritl-hiirgh. hmt it- dress suit of smoke, has a sur- loiit of bills for .MIeghcny ('ounty In pay. The •• iusurnction "" ]dea was a false kev to oiicn the Siid^in^ Kuml of l'enn'nbbci'y. The people of I'ennsylvaiua all know V ' n is (jlovernor. ami h.dd that functioiiary responsible fin- all legislation. exec|it bills jias-ed over Ins veto. 1 )eiivilig the Veto power frim the ( 'on-til!ition. he is expected to use it for cause, or jiass out of (iHice and disappear IVom pnlitii'al lil'e. To assent that a I'iot was an " insurrt'ction." to sidi-tilute the State fbr Allegheny County in the matter of damages, wnuld -ink the the xVnierican I'nie;; the wioiiu;' lield for the aLirariaii from abroad, because hi> certilicate of naturali/.al nm. Avhich is proof of his promotion to eitizen-liip, is not a licensi' to sow treason, st'ize property, orovertiirii the.-ocial system which \ the pro- iate i> the Jiggl'egatt' (d' all the people in it, held tonetlu'r by its la\v<, enacted by represent at i\'es (dioseii by ballot at the jiolls. The minority cannot enact new laws, but by di.-i'ussion ami appeal may make jn'o-elyto to its opinions, till it i-ever.-es po>iliohs with the oppusition and becomes ill turn the majority party; whereupon it may .Lii'aft ii> measures on the statutes. \'io!enee or intimidation, however, is not only nut allowable but i> puiii-halile. and a> law-breakers. lifc-Iakcrs. and )iro their abettors, for heail and lieart L;iiiltine>s, dcscr\ e more than repi'obation. If a discontented adult eould on option turn political ^urLl•elln and butcher the law. aeeordiuL^ to his intere-^t or hi- hate, the lia;;d that would smite the state wouhl be lifted aLraiii-l life, and society would ri'tro- •'raiU'. And this consideration make- the dciuaf'Oi'ue an oistlaw in luaidiood. fir he know- the end to which his arts tenil ; but the domestic ami imported mi-diief-makers are few. and iiiob outbreak like vellow fever is (udy an occa>ional visitation in malarious spot-;. here and there, in the I'nion : an upri.-im^ d' wickeil malconti'Uts woidd ]iro\oke a c(mcentration and explosion o| opposition loicr that would disper.-e tlieiu to the four winds, a- a dynamite bla-f -catter- (piarry stones in atoms throu^!i the air. The world craves not a new relii^ion. nor w ill it abau'liui it-ejf to the moral darkness ol irreli'^inn. < 'hri.-tianiiy lias done for mankind more than all other reli,Lrioii> -umme(l toM-i'thei- ; and if the Turk reiLi'n at I'hilippi where I'aul preached, that i- bccaii-i' in T^TS Knijland had for its idol of popular wor-hip the iioa-tfid " hisraeli." ihi' <,|ueen of England being "• Ihuprc-s of India," win i-e there .are 12411. (lOtl.tlilO of Hindoos and .MalKunctaiis. against :ll .s.")7.:!:I^ Christian subjects in (ireat j'.ritain and Irtland. England- temple i- the -imp and uoidv- shop, and I'jiLilaiid's (iod is the ■•almighty dollar." lo nhiidi hei' .)S lioiiiatjc is IdV.il. if sclfi^li ; Eiij^ImihI's rcliizimi i> H'lt Clirist cnicifieil, Ijiir iiitcrc-t iiii'iicv aciTiicil Mild tn accrue. On '• Dritisli interests, e\|)re- Iji'Oii eMiiiiiieiciai hfukt'i' and ('(uniiiissioii a^reiit. liiit tlii> Imsiiiess is iinw open Id eoinpelitinn. and in cniniiii'reial .-iijti'einacy (ireat lii'itain i> each vear h'ss alisdhite. ()!' Coiir.-e. as sh(; " weakens in the knees." -he hrrdUies lustier in tli(> liin;:s. ti> IViglitoii capital where she eaiitiot haim it. Kn;.dand is overpeopled and linndnii is overgrown, considering its pro.xiniitv to the land's end in Knglanil, \VaUs, and Scotland, which have these areas and populations, to wit: Kiigland, Wales, . Scotland. Total, ( Ireat iJritain. Ireland. .... Isle of Man and Channel l-l.ands, --V.^ Arinv. Niivv, M( reliant Se.'iiiieii, (Ireat Jlritain and li'eland. . 1i1l',.")1,s S(|lllllr .Miles. Ci li>iis. i'i.).iiiMii.iii. ;")(),! liil' 1S71 :il,4!i:.,l:;i :.:;:': IsTl i.::i7,i:;:. :'.1,:;:.'4 isTl ••5,:jtiU,<)l.S >S! 1,(14:] 2(i,<>72.-J«4 ;5i'.4Sl 1ST1 .">,4 11,41(1 ••v. 14 isTl 144,f):58 1871 '2-2\K0i)0 ol.S;^7,:;:;s New Voik, Coiiiiecticut, . 47,1.">(J 4,t;T4 New York and (.'oiinecticiit, . '>l,rooklyn. Dutfalo. Alhany, Kochester, indeed eight of the lifty principal (.'itir's in the I'niteil States: and Connecticut contains New Haven and Hartford, two of the lifty jirin- Cipal cities in the I niled States. 1S41. Isr.L ISOI. 1S71. ropulation of Ireland, S.lTo.l:i4 (;.:)ir>,7!»4 .K7(;4,r)4:5 r),411,41() The famine iii Irelainl. in 1>»47, caused hy the faihii'e of the crops of that year. p:irticiilaily its food staple, the potato, is not an expla- nation of the steady decrease in populatiMii in each decade since 1^41. Great 15ritaiii imports more than halt the wheat consiimeil hv its popu- lation : and, as the jialiiiy days of its foreign trade are past, einigration )!> from (JiTiit Uritaiii will MiHiiicstioiiiiMv iiicro;i-c iiinl rcsiiliMit |io|)iil;i- tidii (liiiiiiii,-li ill Kiii.'l;iiiil ;i> ill Irt'liiinl. l''i'rcii:ii trails i< mncrtaiii : aiid as ritaiii jnscs its iii(lii>trial ]ircst i^'*' and fu-.tniiii-r> I'tn- its iiiaiiiit'actiircs in tnrciirn tnaikfts, will not lidiiilin, wliicli iiv ilie ct'lisiis of ISTl CDiitaiiii'il ^i.l^.'d.SOj df |iu]iiilati(iii. ilrcliiK' lilland in the oeean. not twiiv tlio size of Newfoundland. From London to l,i\iM|)o(d, hy I'aihvay across Knj^lhind, tlii' distani'c is 'JOl miles. Fioin New York to San Fran- cisco, across the I'nitcd State,-, hv railwav, the distaiic e 1- -.-I. :l nnl I'x'tween the Atlantic and the Pacific >ea|iort.> (d' the American I'liioii thei'c ai'c three thousand miles id' pfnlilic interior countrv. sure to cont.'in, in time not distant, two hundicd million.- of inhahitants. Here is a pro.-jiect for a home trade \er_v diifireiit from the outlook from Lomhiii and Liver]ioo|. \'enice and fieiioa had a distant trade, and lost it. The ,i:lor_v of fni'eii^n empire has departed frniii Kouie, yet Home is the capital (d' Italv nationalized, and is i:rand in its ancient ruins. And althoiiirh the ;:lorv of commercial dominion over a vast area will leave Ijoiidon. yet London will still lie the capital of the i.slaiid of (jlreat Hntain ; and Macaiilav's New /ealander, who will iiievitaldy appear, may contemplate its ruins, and contrast its vastnesH in (U'solation with its illustrious pri'deccssors that tlourished. each a cvnosure for a time, and then deidined towurds ohlivion. hut not into it ; hecause the historical inventory n[' the ruins of cities aharnUuied to decay is a perennial entertjunment to the antii|uarian and the student, whi(di latter comprises all the ages of man ; for the wise are seldom youni!:, und the cultivated man at three-score ycisrs is as zcah)us a stiulciit as the hetter t)oy at scho(d. The male animal that is a baby, boy, and man. in succession, if endowcil with more than averaire intellect, is a thinkinir and rcmemherin^ machine, from the time he can con the al[diahet till reason leaves his head or life abandons his l(od\'. "The Mutual Admiration Society." jua(h' up of ricli and prosperous Americans and titled and snobby Kn^li>hers, whieh was in full bla-t preparatory to the ncifotiation of the Washiii;:ton treaty of May S, 1 >T1 , that was to do much for mankind, and elevate human nature to a liiidier stamhird in this world, nrcdiminarv to a still hiirher one in the next, seems to have moved the unbelief of one observer of men and matters, who wrote the f diowinir letter, cojiied frcun a newsjiaper (d November lo, L'^Tli. Its date, April I''. isTl, it will he seen, is anterior to the Wasliington treaty, signed May >. 1^71 : and its pub- lication, Novendier 1"), L'^TU, it will also be noticed, is jirior to the llaliiax Fisherv award, uuide Xoveiuhcr '2-\. ISTT. w IvMii.i.-ii Tactics in A,mi:i;i<'.\. (Ii:n. r. S. tiii;j.-iiislii(l iiicii in (listiiifrnisliiii'^ nOicc :iro liosi't wiili too iiiMiiV ll;iticrcis mill licar tuo ['"W tnitli-tclk'rs. Aiiil Vi't. to rulers of iiifii, i';ict> iii'c ii-; iiiilis|ic'iisiil)Ic ;i» toinl. •'■ ^'(llll• iiiiswcr 1(1 ( Ifiicral Jiuckiirr, in ISiL'. drew my uttcntion to voii. ;iiiil I'lilisti'il iiiv confiilciMM' iind ;_'o()(l wislics. Voiir niilitju'y {•■A rewa/(l for ser\ iees rendiTed iheni in the liehl, in a crisis which |)iit in ien|iai'd_v ihe aspirations of niaid^iml. voii are a;£ain on trial, this time as ('ivii MaLristrate, char^rcd willi the admini.-tration of tlie all'aiis of a LH'eat nation. "And now to the jiurpose of this letter, which is, to caution yoii to lieware of Britisli diploniiicv, which, like all Hnropeaii diplomacy, lilei'ally tran.-laled. i> ^inlply l;iitni itrmriliihi to hiif ! '•'file l)i'niinion of ('iniada wa< eoneeived in hostility to tin,' United States: and Ainei'iean >tatesnu'n owe it to their posterity to sunder the zone ot liritish territory which Hanks the Hopuldic on the north, anil ha- ii- terunid in tlii" far apart islands of Newfouinlland and \ aiicouver. ■••The treaty of the I'.tli .lune. iSdO. hetwccn the ridted Slates and (ireat llriiain, which snriendert'd an (i/i/mr/iniif// to al»ut our houndary aL'ain-t Jliis-ia.al •")4 4"'. to which liiu' Polk and iJiiehanati avowed that our title was 'clear and unt|iie>lionalile,' is ji standini^ shame to Anieiican >latesnnnisliip. And the iiitei'i)retatioii siiitsc- nueiitlv irivcn to that treatv, hv (ireat l>ritain. to cover the island of San Juan, is a les>on which should not lie I'orLrotten at this tinu'. "1 have lieen in Mnu'laml. ami do not much Wonder at the temper of its waning ridiiiL' clas> towards the L'niti'd State.-, dealousy. ciivy, covclcmsness ure feelings dillicult of eradication. The United States arc ovei'.-hadowiiiii; the l>rili.-h I>les. Hn^fland's i)owcr is faded on tlu' continent, and she i< in dri'iid lest her hoarded wealth he molested. •• l)Ut in-tead of loikin_:.i to Africa, Australia, etc., foi- new fields and new markets, she continually ainrs to cloir and thwart what, to a comprehensive vision, is the "manifest de-rit;iin ii Mi'tJn r i'mnilrii, will cotifimn' to fluil iii-^tciiil a .-tcii-iiiotlicr coiiiitiT ;j:iV('Ii tn iiHiciiiii> iiitcnm'(l(lliii;j;. " r>i'ili-li Icrritdi'V ciiimot lie Aiiicriiiiiii/cd under I'l'ili^li rule. ;i- witiH's.- the iiiiiiiiiis uf tlic iiiilwillcis ft' that -cii"('r- tn and \'\'<\[\ New ^'nl■k and Micddiiaii. " Tlif valleys (d' tlif Sa-katrlie\van and Kcd llivcis will never lit- Amn'iciinixiil \\\\\\->\ under flie juia.-di(tii»n id" ilie houiinion. or any otlier IJritisli autlidrity, e\en tlioMi:li. of necessity (not idioiee), the railroads which may traverse them he connected with the railroads ut Minnesota. " I'litish Juri-dietinn fosters opiiosition tn the I'nited State>. exactly as a. Ion:; llritish liorder teiiiiil> and ]irfniote< siini^LC^^lin;^- into tie.' United States. '' |)i|)lomacy and )M)licy. more than arms, made the i/rrafni'Sfi of Britain. Uy diplomacy aiid |Mdicy >he will make a liail neii:ld>or «d" tin,' honnnion id' (,'anada, even as she makes corruiit tools in the \Vashin;iton lohhy. "Do not mi>!ake me. lam not an enemy to (Ireat llriiain. On the contrarv. 1 appreciate the hiilwark
    urpations of the continent. Never- theless, (ireat Ihitain mu>t he made to 'accept tlic situation' in the Xew Woidd. and to hack out of the \\ay of American t'.\pan>ioii and pro;.,n-e.«s. ''You, Yourself, know fidl weU tiiat what Orcat Urilain did dnrin,i;- the rehellioii. prolonu'ed the rchellion: that her acts, alike ol'omi.-sioii as of commission, clis(dosed an im[iaticnce tn seethe ( nion dissevered; that she did ronsr the di.-appearance of American shipping;- from the ocean carrvintr trade !i<'tween .Vmcricaii ami foreign ports. \ni know, too, that, lu fore the American juililic. (ireat P.ritain is under hufictmi'ut. And now. finally, what the American people havi' a riiilltirlitiix ! "Seward's Alaska purchase and diplomatic e.\))ulsion of the French from ■Me.xict) will Jointly perpetuate his statesmanship. ''What ))a^c in American history is more ^//y'('/'^0(< than Jeller- suu's aciiuisition of Loui.-iana? "Polk's administration aci[ iiired ( alil'irnia — a most \ loteii tial and hut the rreaiv of the I'uh dune, ISMI, with I niomentons aiMjUi.-iiKHi Great IJritain. wa- the mill-stone wliich sunk \nU olilivion the goui deeds (ji' I'olk's reign. " L'uder the indictment fouml against (ireat !J;ata;n. in the eiirly documents of your aduiinistratiuu, new.^paper opinions, in Engluml, were o.xpre>iHC'(l in deeper (■(intritimi than at present time. 'I'licn it was even sn;.';:('str(l, liciT and tln-rc, in some nf tlic newspapers, tliat in settlement of the Aialiama claims liritish ieni,.ii'v niii^hl le ceilid to the riiite(l States. '• Latterly, however, e\poiin eat • hiinddi' pie,' the British lion is jniekid into eflort to imitate the ominous jjrowl (d' yoi'e, when it roameil the junj^le in India, and hid'ore ii was made a meek (lenizi'n (d' the /.ouloijieal garden in London." As in present time thi,' administration cd' Thonnis di'llerson is uni- versally eommemled throughout the L'nion for tlu' aei|uisition of" Louisiana, and liie administration of -lames K. I'(dk is ci'edited with- out stint for the annexation ol To.xas and the ae(|uisition of Californi;i, so iiereiil'ter and in full nna'^nre of thankfulness will the adndnistra- tioii id" Andrew dnhnson (W. II. Seward, Secretary of ►State) he praised for the aecpii-ition of .\laska and the Aleutian Islands; wherehy Hussia and the L'nited States clasped hands across Hehring Strait, and the rover of tho seas and sqinitter on islands where the owner is in poverty or the i;atives ai'e ilefenceless is shut out from fortifvin^ a Malta in the Noith J'acif'e Ocean. The pri'cedent furnished hv «sia, (h'vehipcil intu a cMld-.;!! rivili/iiiir pdwer, LjrdWs and spreads (icrnuinv is nmnliK'il intn a I iMniii_'t'n('iiiis cnipire : Italy is a cdiiipact ami intact iiatioTuilitv. And !■ raiicc. the lore -rniiit ol" the v.nflds .«la;j:i' when nation* were in llir ca^t of •.ictniv-, in the seven years since the (iernian war. has shown uise humility in calin sell' roMiinit ; has elevated >till InLrher than hel'mc the ;irt> of peace ; and meanwhile has eviiieed a trust in In r own eapai)ilitie> and resources, under cir eiiinstaiiees and in ways that vimlicate the IJepiihlic, raised up out of till' ruins of the empire ami the ashes of the commune, as the t'orm III L''ov( nniieiit hcst iitted for the {'"reiicii |ieoph'. in tlii- tliir(l i_'eneia- tioii of ;ioliliial revolution, furnace ordeal and tierv trial The th irM Jiepuhlie, which denioli.^hed the empire and de-troyed the commune, its two enemies and adversaries, one on either side, now ~tand>""a pillar (d' (doud hy day and a pillar of fire hy ni;^ht;' and no de-pnt tan make it vanish nor deuui;:o;.fue make it dark. Trill', the iiKH' (d' i'iiildpe is still freikled with llelin(,|,ind. '^lalta and ( liliraltar, and with >pot powers in eoiiri-plasier patches heiweeii iSka;:er W.wk and l>n\er >iraii, and hetwceii the rivr rnith and tlie Stiait of ()iraiito. i!iit con>ideriiii£ how much has heeii e(Uiipa.>S(,'d in the reciilication of Kuropeaii hoiindaries in the last twenty years, the prosjiecl i> cheerinj.; that the time is not distant when Kiirope will he apportioned anion;:; less than half a sc()re of nationalitie-- all Cliris- tiaii. the 'i'lirk retired; and that then the nations id' Kiirope will at last he wise enou;i;li to li\c ill peace with I'acli other, content to aUow distant peoples to irovern themselves, ami leave inti^rcontinental inter- trade to regulations preserihed in trcatii's. The time will >oon have ;r(Uie hy foi' jiartitioniiiLr oil' the earth ainoii^ dynasties siipiiorted sumptuously for hreediuLT stock through royal niarri:i^es for dijilomatic ei ds ; in K iro[)e nowadays nationalities com- mand paramount coii>ider:ition, and the reigniii<; houses rule not by •'divine right,'' but as the constituted and in.-talleil heads oi' the gov- erniiicnts ; for, alU'i' all, an empire is hut another name for a state, loeracv to a deiiioeracv the distance is hut a hridge of ami tnuii an aii spans on dilTereiit plans, whatever may he said alxuit eous'itutifUial monarchy, with a pensioned household and u class made nohle hy jiateiit, as it' a patent of nohility were a gauge <'ir-i|('iiliil, liiivc wiMiiilit fpiit 'jiMiiil n'»iil!-i lit iiiii\t'i -;il mail iii a m-w natinii aii'l ill llic nlil W.irhl. The ;XMViTlillirlit ul' llic I liitcl Sllili'-. Iiax witll'tncul attMik IVniii witliDiif !iiiil al«n iVnin within. Iia- liail I'Mrri.'ii \\ai> aii'l a civil war, ami wa< *frnii;_' i iinii|_'|i tn tiiiim|ili in ItMili nr>|tMU. SlaMTV, tlic^rial'l nl' (ii-cai Iti'iiaiii, Iiim Ihmh t\iir|iatc 'I. aiir«, wlio, liasiiij; ama-scil niilliniis cniiti'iirv in Imiic^tN ami iliily, it" let alone ami nnt nmlotcil nr c\|insi'il, wmilil ailvncatc Inw ia\c-. civil service refnrni, (■(•nnnniy in cnriinraiinn iiiactice. ami "liviileml-* to stock- Inililel's. lliit llif .-\Nnri| nf ji|>iicc i.» iin-ln al licil, aiel nIVentlers fear lest wlmvi' il niav imi smite with iis cd^^e it may sinaek with its Hat Mv. 'I'he iim a>v sinmi- i- the ilislmiiot man t'.iiiiitl (,iir. Anil t'nr the hypnerite whn ijelivel's liiniseli" nf his iimrul Inrture tVniii the chilii- mv-tn|i, ami ilesecmls theiiee hy the line tn cnie|-;_'e ■.nnteil IVoin the cellar, nf makes the editnrial cnliiiiiii nr the nllicial cor|innitinn report a. Vehicle I'nr ih i'(|iti\e untruth, e.xpnsiire is ^iire ilis;.'race as contempt is >iu'e puni-hiiieiit : hecau-e the nll'emlcr whn iiiav imliiriitc his t'aci! aiiil lianish thi' hlii^li iVnm his elieek caniinl 'h a'ieii the >ensitive iirrves h.'iwi'cii hi.> live Sills 's ainl his nn'iilal rellcctiniis. l''nr haiikrupts in reputalimi look imt alniie aimm:/ ileliii(|Uent (lel)tnrs in nidinary ami uiinllicial transaclinns, hut al-n to tlio>e who hetrayc'l nllicial tni.-t. ami afttr iiivesti!j;atii)n or trial were hurleil ilnwii iVniu the iiiniiacle of hiuih esteem inln the ilii.-tv W"av where the tramp travrl>. A- a pnlitic;il cniipliiiir the Cnnstitutinii i,> pntiiitial tn Imhl tn;;ethor tile train nf >tates from Maine tn ( 'alitnrnia : ami all the iiiemliiiL; the ( 'lUistitutinii neeil< is tn make the presi(h ntial term six years in- stead nt" I'niir, remlcr the iin'iiiulM'nt ineligible tor re-electinn, ami liuaril the IVandiise ami tin' elei-tural return aLtainst tVairl. All attemiits tn ImuikI mvahv in North Anu'rica have t'aileil, tra"!- cally ami i;riinmiiiiniisly. Mi'xii'o iias lialint after a trial in l^JI. the last- iiamcd wa> .-hot after a trial in I'^ilT: aii(l these tWn tearful leSsons will nnt he Inst nii iliplnmatists. ai|\ einurer- ami s i)\' pnpulatimi in the natinii nf the l.'nilL'il iitates is withniit iiirce'leiil. as will he seen in what fnlhiw^. The estimated iiumliei' nf inhahitants in the cnlnire- repre.-ented in the Cniigress ..t I'hihnlelphia in ITT") was :],'.l\ Kaiiiii tliii'l. Mai \ hinl tniiilli. Nfw V'irk WiiM «M|iiallnl l)V ( 'oiitM'cticnt. N'nilli <'aniliiia iiiiil Smiili Carnlina. Mai'\ laiiil (i.iitaiiii'il (JJ,(i;i.'i iiiuii' lA' |iii|iiilat imi than Nfw Nork. ami t!J,();!4 less tliaii I'ciiti-vlvaiiia. Tlii' (iriyiiial cdloiiij's all aliiillcil <>ii tnlcwalcr, aiiij aiiinii;: ihr iIhtc millioiis ul' iiupiilafiMU arc inclii'li'il 'I'nrics \\\\n \v( Tf a\('r>c tu iiii|f|)i'iiili'iii'(' an'l iinii-ciuiil'alaiil'i in Inv'i' \villi peace. Tlic lii'st census nf the iiatiiiii ni' flie I'liiieil States WHS taken in 171H), si» tliat in all tliere liave heeii hhk' decennial eensiise*. Ite^rinnin;; with IT'.'ii aii1(I, IHJII. |»IU. l»|ll. r-.'iK. IXiH. IMTII. :l,!L'!i,'.'l I .'iilliiSiiM! 7,'.';!?i,K«i| ii.iriM.vj-.' I'.'.Mlti.ic.'ii i:,iii.'i, |."i:l •.';i,|!il,s7(i :;l,l l-vL'l :W,Vi'<,';7l Accnr(|iii:^ to the ninth census of liie I'nited States, taken in l^T'i. there wci'e of nati\c-liorn iiihfibitiinis ;llM» not Americus A'espiH'iiis. discovered Anici'ica. and Kn;:land is Saxon-Norman, and America i- ( 'ellic-T( nlonie. In proof of this, alteniion is invited lo the nalioiialities id" the forci;j;ii-l)orn pnpujalioii (d' the I iiitcd States in 1M<). Iiclarid, . I, '•.■>.■., s.'T ' N'TWiiv, . . I II. .'hi .\lr\,r.,. . . , ll',l:;"i All Ueiiii;ni\, . i.i'.'.M).:);;;; Sw.arii. . '.i;. .;:;•.' Iii'inmuii, . . ::iMi': Klljrjiiiiil. . . .j.MI.'.IL'l .S\\it/cil:ili.l, . 7.'i.l.'.:i lliil.v, . . • IT, I. '7 All I'.iilisli AiucrirM, I'.Kl.liil All Aii.-lriii. 71, -'i::! I!il-iiiiii. . . l'J,.'>.v; Sciitliiinl. . . I iii.s:'..p Wiiirv . . 7\.-y:,:; W'l-i In.lii-. . . ll.irn jMiiiicc, . . ilii.iHL' riiii t;:;,iii2 Uii--i.i. . . . t.i'ii The llrsi i,:ittlv' '.' the revolution was foiiLdit at Lexington. Massa- chusetts. April 1!>, 177.'). On the iMth Octoher. 17M. Lord Cornwallis with his army surrendered to (leiieral Washinixtoii. at "N'orktown, \'iri:iiiia. Provisional Artieh's of Peace were si,triied Kuvemher :')l>, 17Si'. An agreement that all hostiiities should eca-e >vas si-ned daniiarv l^'L 17>o. < »n the iMlh .d' April. 17^■•!. exactly C'i'dit Years after the hattle at LexiiiLMon. which o[ieio d the war, a ])ro(danialion of peace was issued hy W a>hiiiu:;oii. Fi-om tiie a(diievemeiit of Indepciidence the American IJcpuldic has been an atiraclioii to immigrants, particularly from Indaiid .and Germany ; and from these Celtic and Teutonic sources the Union hus (>(; (Icrivcfl flic liiilk 1)1" its Inrciiiii. the l»;i>is nf its native popnhitioii. AihI n-^ till' i>-.-iii' ui' fiti'ciirii |i;n'i'iit-^ .'ire luitivc Aiiicriciins, niid tlio I idn ~s (if I'lisidii liiis liccii ill n|)criilii)ii since l']iirM|)(' ]i('(i]ili'il Amcncii's sIk'its, the Anifi'iciiii race is ;i < 'i/tif-Ti iifuiiir, noi mi AiiL'lii-SiiMin tv]>(' III' tlic liuiiinii s|iccics. Ii \v;is tlic Nni-ni.iii i:riil't tli.it in;iil( llri'aiii irfcat. Ami where the Noniiaiis Lrral'led there thev grew. What happeiud lo Adiuii aiel his iiosterity may bo left to liisti)- riaiis, ])i'o])hets, and ]ii'eaeliers to descant, for an initial in Noah and the ark-liiad whieii he landed on Ararat ; since this lirings us d >\vm tu a |ieriod relatively modern, and irives the human I'auiily a new dejiart- are iVnin Ariiu nia, not far from Eden and all in Asia. The dominion of Canada, organized, as a ]iro|iaganda, eaniu)t crown a ruler, install a dynasty, nor iiiaimt'aeture an aristocracy l»y jiatent- riglit ; lor exotic shoots iVom royal roots, or >iukers from nohle stumps, do not sj)rout alter transjilant to North America, where old States sow pioneers and new States grow from liouie increa.se and European overtlow. The Union is the product not of hirthriirht but of honest industry, Chi'istian toleration and educated si If-reliancc. The jcople reign and the ]ieople rule; and incumbents of conspicuous oilice, not eon- .^piciious lor merit, may tla.>li in the jiolitical sky like a ri>ckct in the night ;iir, but are sure to disappear from jiublic ollice, jiublic consider- ation, and public sight. True, parasites abound in ])olitical life as in animal ami vegetable life; but dishoiu'sry begets opprobriuu;, and the unlailhful jiiiblic servant sinks into obscurity and is heard of no more, save to •• jioint a moral and adorn a tale." 'i'o be sure iiKjiiev will buy praise, but the promiscuous llalterer is liki' thi' lly which Icavi'S a sjieck of ilirt where it finds a grain of sugar. The lobust man is not always healthy in all his vital organs, but the ttiidcncv o[' iialui'c is to health, and unless the wron!i medicine is administered he soon recovers. So the Jiolitical lunly may not be jierfect in all its parts, vet it niav be complete in iiio>t ot' its functions, ami only need repair where there is discovered imperfection. The duration id' oilice is limiteil, and con- slitutioiis and laws are open to amemliiieiit. The bullet is the unthiiiking instriiiiieiit of force, used against the subject if he claim the rights which it is the duty o[' the ciii/eii to exercise. Man can nowhere be free but in a republic. And if the subjeet boast of the jiiire IiImimI of Ins |i; jnce, the citizi'ii can cite the piinr bluod of the vi.ee-horse, which recei\fs a pliy-ical training superior to a ]irince in paternal antecedents ami safeguards against indiilgeiiees ami indis- crelions. fiT Asa lari'c |H'i'ct'iit;iL'<' of tlic |iati'iii mcilicno solil in tlic >lin|ps aic (|iiark hoslniiiis, so a l;ii-c ]M'i'(riilau-c .if patciit titlr-l)c;ir('i> ;iic >]iiii-i- i>iis ciiiiiikhiikIs. I;i1)(H(i1 III circiilaic at a Micial |»rici almvc iMlrin-ic value. And till' diviiri'" courts of I'luropc attest lliat ti'Ui|itdde thrmi'di the iiia;j:nifyiii,ir :iids to science iind j'eseai 'h. The asti'onoun'r contem)ilates the lie;ivens and is filled with adora- tion of the Milker of the hrmameiit. The statesman with his fuller revt)lve,s a hall inajipetl with the natimis of the wurld. and. eontrast- iiig'tho iuiperfect iiiachiiiery nf human ^^nvernnieiit with the order in iiat' re, a|i|ilies him.-elf to the imjiruveiiK'iit and aj^grandi/.ement of his ciitiiitry. The iiatKUis of Kiirii]ie. thniiuh the i-.-ui.'of a new depariiu'e out of Noah's ark in Armenia, after tin' deliiLTc, ;ire nevertheless a spread- out of ])atelies cut with swnids and held in^eiher with trealv ta])e; and in this patchwork nf centuries {•vcyy rent makes two '• laii^ed edges," one (ienminv. ()r Inter, as when the lierlin <'Mnu're-~s in l^7S donated to .\ii-tri;i. lor riMSons not fniinded in truth imr lA' a iustifvin::: nature, the Turkish provineo i>\' i'.osnia and Iler/,e;^>i\ ina, foi- Austria did milhiiij; •whilst IJii.-sia and Turkey were at war, hut chorus with (Jreai lint lin in hliister and prepariitinii, imt huwever, iis the seipiel .-how-, tn ni.dii l{u--ia and 'i-k an I'liirnpc'in (■iiiillaj.r.itiini. Imt to steal IVnm Tnrkev in its extremity: hei-.-iu-e it \\a- clear th;it Uiis-ia wmiid im: vacate JJessaraiiia. Uatoiim ov K;irs. h;i\iiiLr vainpii-hed Turkey in w.ir ended by the tieaty of San Stefam* hetwecn the i\mi iMllieerents. And therefore, (rreat l»ril;iiii and Austria ncLT'ili^ited and threatened in the intere-t nf Turkey, a-ain-t !iii--ia and the San Stelanii treaty, till till' map of Turkey was lectilied h}' the IJiilin (,'oii::-re---. whudi por- tioned otf liosiiia and ]Ier/.(\;j.oviiia to Aii-tria. and (ileal IJntain ohtaiiied ('vpni- l-laiid ihroiiLi'h a ,-eeret treaty. Turkev's \oliiiitcci- alloinevs divideij iiart of their elieiil's as>ets IpN liftwccti llicDisclvcs. Mini tlicii ('(iiiciliiitrd iliiir ])liiii(lcr(Ml tliipu w itli the cxciisc. lli;it il li;iil licllri' |j;ii't Willi Ilu-iii.i iiliil 1 1 1 r/.(':L:rit;iiii, lli.'iii (-iriy out with IJiis-i;i the |ii-ovisiniis of tlic S;iii SicImiio treaty. And when the iJriliii ('oniriMxs |ir("-iMilH'd f'oi' Austria's !i;:^randi/('in('iit, \\< •' niaii- datf" wa" ciiiiivalciit iu die tin- diplomacy of Kmopo is Dpi r.'ited in tlie interest ot' dynasties, souietinie< iu ilisrcLrai'd of tin' populations i.fovi'riied, that extn iiie opinions ai'e |iroiaulu':ited thfoULrii secret- societies, and inipenal I'uleis live iu political t\viii;:ht and intid- leettial uniot. in h'prse-poW'.'r times ^.'one hy. the weight of a four-footed auiiiial on a treadinill which tiirru'd under il< feet propidhd a hoat across a i'crry, ami c:ius((| jij^ht inuchiiiei'v to umve iu a mill: hut nowadays the >te;iiii-ei|ir|||,. li;nils trains (>[' car- o\ er luiuintains, jiropels ships acitiss seas, ami ilrives Idoiiis iu I'letories. And as the steaiu-eniriiie is a iimtor iii machinery, so is the hallot a uiotor iu lioveiiiiueiit. The sceptre IS no loU'^ei' a ma:_dc wand : and the one-man power in a crIcil over its (■ircuiiifcn'iM'c. onc-tliinl ]i;irt of it> iiilialiitants ilwcll ill Cliiiia |iio|pci-. wiiliiii ail ai'ca Init little lai'L'rr than the Mississiiipi liasiii, aiiij not so iariH' as the joint area of the Mississi|i|ii liasin and the tliiriccn oritxinal States; in other words, onc-tliird of tiic wliolo liimian familv dwell in loss space than that portion of the Inion whieh is cast of the Hocky Mountains I In InTI. Kn^dand, within its area of ."lO.'.ii^l* sipiare miles (Minne- sota is larirer than Knixlaiid and Sedihinil tOL'ether). eontained 'il.d'.i.').!;'.! of pupiilation. Ami (iiear Urdaiii timl Ircdand. eom- jirisin^ Kn!_daiid. Wales. Scotland. Ireland. Isle of Man and ('iianml Islands, altogether lliJ.'ilS si|iiai'e iiiile-i (the area of Minnesota and ]owa, jointly, is l:i>i.r)7d mile^i. in 1^71 eontained a population of ^)1.S^)T.•■!•■>.S. Tlie>e sizes are sui:;xcstive. Iiecause in ITT", nne hun- dred ami one Vears prior to the census >\\' l^Tl. Kiii:liiiid and Wales eon- tained a joint population id' only T.4 J^i.C'Hl. In the lieLriiiniiiL' of the proeiit cenliiiy (ls'>l|, the populaiinn ii{' •• Limdon and siihiirhs "' was ^()4.^4.') ; in l>>T".'Ni() ; ^o the United States, in IST". contained a lar^'er city than Kurope eiiitained in 1^(11, nni- w ithstamliii;: the aiiti(piity (.!' its capital cities and trade ceiiire*. I'liiladeljihia. to de-tiiied. from natural causes, to he a city of very hiiLTe po])iilation ; it i> on a deep and hroad tidal I'iver. aii to the sea, the lakes, the cotton States, the Mi>isippi hasin. and the Pacific coast; linally, ]*liiladelphia is a city of cheap Ikuiics and teeniiiii;' maiket<. ami its Vdrkiiiii population. >kille(l in an intinity of aii-;. pro-^eculed in e^tah- li-hnieiits of all si/.e^. from irrouml plan- thai cover acres to an attic iloiu' a lew feel -ipiare. ha\i' opp.irMiiiit ies fi.r ciuintry recreation in its parks : for the ediieatioii uf cliiMreii in its schools; and for the instruction and entertainmeiit of everyhody in it.- churches, lihraries and juihlic places. I'hiladelphia contain- hut a comparatively .-mall percent a^ife of l'orei;:ii-oorii. i^ iiiteii-eiv American in it.- political -eiitimeiii-. and if Ics.- met lojiolilaii in appcaiance and fi.-liioii than it- iicimIiIku'. i- more American in it- |iroeli\ itie- and moi'(> multifarious in its manulac- ture^. And toi'tunate i- it for the whole cuiiiitry that the cities of >i'i'W ^■ol■k and I'liiladelphia. and the Stales of New York and I'eiiii- svKaiiia. so near lo;^ctlier in !j;c'>;:ra)iliy, are -o ditlereiit in character- istie.- and employment-; lor a.- ••familiarity lir<;eds I'oniempt," so TO siiiiiliirit V lirccds iinlill'd'Oiicc, Ixtmii-i' " viirioty is tlic s|iic(' of lift'-." ;iii(l so wlicii New Ynik iiml Pliiliulclpliiii ;ire ('(disiilcrcd tuLrctlicr. their flinV'rciiccs iiiT liiiscs fur inlcrcuiirsi' ami iiilrrtrailc. as the (lillcrciircs IiiJtwccii two iiatinii,> furiiisli ^.Tdiiinlwurk lor coiiiincrcial treaties; since two natioi.s that ;j:rii\v the saiiio staples, inaiiiifactiiri' tlic same things ami deal in the same nierchamlisc, liavo notliihi:; to iiiterchaniro, no ground Irr conijironiiso. no )dea i'or reciproeation. A nation that buys oiitsido of its Ijoi'ders must ritisli laborer as the ISritish aristocrat, whose established ^^'^v^', made up of dukes. mar'|iiises. earls, viscounts, barons, own the land and enjoy the luxiirii's of life. The maiiufacturiiii:' ]ilaiit now in operation in the Fnited States is of so large capacity thn' 'lie competition i- sulfieieiitly active Ix'twceii the home manipulator, I our own staples; so free trside means op- pression to the Auu'rican hdiorei' and loss of American capital investe(l in iiia(diim'ry, because in ilreat l>ritain labor is impotent for its own protection a,::aiiist the aristocracy which i- above it, as a weather-vane on a church >teeple i- aliove its fouiidation-slone. The Northern I'aeific Railroad Company, in its general account, which has a total of .Sl47.-2o l.lil 2 on .S:iO,,")i.'),s,s:; (dnirged to eon- stiiiction and eiiuipment. twice the nn)ney-cost of road built and e(|iiipped, has this iiem : "Assets aeipiiied umlef de-rce of C(uirt. >!44, '.'•!*!, "iS."',.'" 'J'licse a-sets doubt hss eonsi-l mainiv ol'the par o|" shares or Innids 71 mostly lioiiiis. iiiid not coiivcrtilde into mon(\v .-it any price wortliy of" con>i(l('r;ition. Yet tli<' item li;is "millions in il" — in tlie l>(i()k< I (ircMt l>rit;iiii iiiiilniihrcilly i-^ posscssod of prodii^iuii-; wciiltli. par- ticularly if it< invi'stnicnts at lioini' ami ahrnail liu fniinicil at ]iar : biiL (ircMt Uritain is a small CMiintry, whilst its iiivt'stniciits arc in all parts of the (•.■u'tli. from wliicli the principal of money loaned can never he recalled. I"ur certificates of loan are cut out and off liy foi'e- closure, sale and reor;^ani/.ation, and hankruptcy is a s|i()ii^e that ohliterates hook accounts. (ircat Uritjiin. too. Im-: a foreitru traile which diminislu's in jirofit; and so iVoui its forei::n invc^tuu'nts and its foici:.''! triide l>rili-h in- come is reduced. Thus (ireat l>ritaiii is meiiaceil with loss in its capital and in its trade. The exceptionally favoralde comlition of the for* ii^n trade of the United States in recent years will appear in the i.>llowing exhiiut id' the imports and exports for the last four oilicial years, compiled from reports of the (.'hief of the Uiireau of Statistics: \i-.>y i-\\<\f[ .luiii' .'111 llcilMC.-tic K.\|lill1..'- — .Mcl'l-llllll'li-c iriliicM'il tu i^iilil value.-. . . . I>(]|1H-Iii- .S|ir.-ir 'I'uhil |iiiiii.-tii- l':\|M>rts . . . l''iirriL'ii i;.\|iort.---Mi'i-iliMii'li>^c, . " S) il'. . 'i'nl,,l I'nll'ii;!! Ivvpiirl-i Aj:;;rcj;alc i;\|iiirl,- Im|Miits — .Moii'liaii'lisc Iiii]>iirt£ — S|ic(ii' 'I'lilal I'mii i;:il llii|M.i't-: Si mm < l.■^ . lv\|Miit.< IVniii tlic I iiiti'il Stall-. llll|iiuis liilii llir 1 iiih'il Slair-, . K.\1!0.«S (if lv\|lHlt.< (HIT ||M|MI||-. is:.-,, I --70. 1S77. |s7S. si'.i'.i.l!-^ I.luii .s,",:.>.i,,')SL'.L>i7! .■j;.').-ii.r,s;;.:i,is s;;.s,-,7.r_>'.i ."lO.ic'.s.iiiii! t:;.i:ii,7.")S l't.h.M.'.is.) ■is:;.i ii.i'i'ii s.)7,',.t;2ii,',i:!s .si'>;iL',siii,!ii)2 .-^7117, 7:;-^, 7^- ■I I. !.■>-. i;i I .-1 i.>iiL'.r.M| siiJ.Mii.ii'.Mi, si i.L'iMi.iiij ■>.L'7.i.iil:i c.ii;:,!;!!' i:'.iii;7,l'.''.i| r>,ti7>.-'in L'i;.i.;:!.i>:.M L'i.L'7ii,ti;;.) 26..s;!L', I'.i.".] •Jii.>«7s.til2 sriii.,,.".7 i.s.'i:; s.v.hi.si.iii.ht:',! sii.'is.ik'm. I.i7 s7i.'s,r,i 7, n'.i _ .i;;:!,iiii.',.i.-;r. iriii,7il.l',Hi: i.il.:;l.i.'.i'.i-.' i::7.ii'.i7,i.'::7 i'ii,'.iiiu,7l7 i.,.'.i.;i;.ii--i HI. 771. 11 1 •-".'. -1' 1. :; I :! S"i.'»:'-,!H)(i,l."i:; .■7r !*l!V.'.(i',Mi.4(Hi ?;|iiii.'.i|s,,,,,o 1S7.'.. 1>^7I'). 1S7 -iiii.i..i7 l.s.i;; s."iiiii,--'.Mi.',t7:', sij.'(S.ii:;7.i.n HT.s. ^72s.r,i7.l'.'.-> ...".:;. '.iiHi. 1,1:; I7ii.ii77.»^7l I'.iJ.ii'.iit. iiH). It'll..'.! I <,...)!) .-•.il,iiii.'>.7iMi srjii,u'l:;,lii:i( .sii)(i,J17,ii.')r .'SL'i;i,ii!is.,s7.'t Here, in \eiMtv, is a pi'mfress to he proud ol. for no other initioii can approxiiiiale these rdnlive pi'opoi'tioii-. in export and iinporl trade. 'J'he siiinnian/.ed rr>iilt li'ivcii deinoiistra! i's coindu^i vely tli:it the Anu'rican lu'puhlic exports larirely more than it imports: that the Americans sell to foreiLrners much more than they hiiy IVoiii foreii^n- ers ; and that tlie Anierieans are a creilitor people in nci'ount enrrent with the inlei'lr;idni;j: niitinn-; of the emth. 'I'his. ti'uly. i~ the .■leiui' of eoitiinerci;)! siiperiin'ily ;ind indepeiidence. f 72 'I'lic AniciicMii Fii'iMii is tl'c liirirfst iiKiiliiocr of tlie prooious metals, •wlicrclnrc u:m|i1 mipI -iUcr inii-t lie iidiird to ils IucmiNi iitr<. Cdttoii. oil, tolcicco. pi()vi>ioiis and tiiiiiiiiriictui'cd iirlirlcs, flic iiii.>Cfll:iiiy Itoiiig distiiii'iiislu'd !is well I'oi' its viivictv as lor its viiltic. k^iiicf tlic ri'licliion ii^riiiiist tlie Union, wliirli was supprt'ssod in ISII"), after four years of civil war. the nation of the United States lias more than donlihd its exports of donicstic merchandise to foreiifii conniries; and since l(^7-l. uhcn inllation collapsed after six years of rampant spccnhation canned not iiy the war whereby the rehellion was suppressed, as erroneonsly alh ircd hy ipiack political ecomimists and artfnlly charired hy charter-clad handitti, hut hy the Union I'aciiio liailniad Company's (.'redit Mohilier contract (>f 18(i7 ; Northern J*acilic and Texas I'acifn'. and scores al' oth'/r railway swindles on in\cstors cd' small savini:;s : the incorporation »i' rovin;^ contract and nn|irovement companies hy tiu' fie^ishitni'e of Peiinsylvaiiia, particu- larly in lS(ili-Tll-71 : and kindred false pretenci'S contrived to cheat the people with counterfeit tokens in the similitude of ne^otiahlc honds, Never was history more cunninj^ly per\ei'ted than when it is made to (dnirrre to the war of ]^i(Il-(!o the lottery-|i()licy railway lioiid and lionu- railway shiire specula! ions (d' JNtJT-T-). And liijrh- waynien and hri^ands. who incur persoiml hazard in their out-door def)redations, are heioic thieves conti'a>ted with an e(pial innnher of (dlicial sneaks clad in charters irranteil for puhlie ohjects, hut per- verted in practice to promote private ends in dishonest ways. 'i'he LroverniiH'nt of the Uinted States had resources in custom duties, taxes, etc.. to ]iay interest on its indehtediiess : hut I'orporations, lirm>. and inilividiials as delilors hail to pay interest out of principal liorriiwcd. where lli'' profits earneil were insnilicienl. ttv i'ail. And as money horr(jWci| was soon expended or divided, and the [irolits were less than the iiilerest payalde. disaster was tin- inevituhle conclusion under the circumstances. The outlays charired to construction and colhiteral purposes hy corporatioio of all kinds, maiia'icd hy lionus financiers and hy san- ;::nine men, and liy lirm> and individuals for iiew estahlishunaits devot,e(l to he industries and manufactures, and for alterations and aerulive years from l^tiT to l>T-'i, amounted to a prodii.rious aL',i:regate of liahiiities, hearing; interest at a rate extra- ordinai'v in scune cases and hi;_di on the averaire ; whereas those who liou;:ht Uniteil States hoiid- iluiinu' 1 he w ar invested their own nnmev. and con-eipieiilly did not inem' ildit in the transaction. The war iil->orlied capital in I niied Srate> honds for investment, and to ils ciedilois the ^overiiuieiii lia> hceii faithful in the payiiiiMil id' interest (•» f ripcnii'd ; hut in t1io \\]y C('a>i'(l to Ihhtow Imt liad (Iccrt'USfil the national ilclit and tlic aniiiial int(;rt'st {)avaI)!o hy the I'nitcd States), many innic millions of indel.i- edncss was rashly and reeklossly ineiirrcd than the tnial intere-t- hearin^ deht (d' the I'liited States, which, at its maximum. Aiiun-t ni. isii."), amounted to ^li.oSl,. ■,:',( ».:iit4. This is a larire sum. it i- true, (diar^ed a^rainst the I nited States ; Tievertlieless it is not near so lar^'e as the (diarL'cd iiirrctisf in the liahilities of the I'ailroad companies in the United Slates, from the end of 18(17 to tlii' end of jST^i, as witness: |S7'',, |sfi7, li,i'n'ii«r. Miles of IJailroad repc.rted on, M.'SM ;5(l.()il(i -".li.--':'): Capital Stock, ,^l.it4T,t;oS,r,84 .1?7r,H.:i-_':5,( Sl.llM.n.'...'.s4 Fundcil Deht, l,s3(;,lMi4,4r)(i 41ti.t;:,.s.()(i(i 1.4:Jii.ii|(;.4.".o Total liahilities, ^:!.7N4..^4:!,ti:!4 ?*1. 17:^.s^l .'Hhi sj.(;il.ilt;:^.i»;U If the entire railroad niileajie in the I'liitrd States had heen re]iortcd on, and all the tInatiiiL' imlehtedne^s included, the increase in the liahilities of the railmad companies for 1>^T:! over l>f'7 would he ahoiit .»?:l,(M»(l.n(l().(l()() : At the end (d' js";'. theie were in operaticii in the l'nite(| States, of railroad. 7tnictcd in ^i.\ y(ar> eiidini; Deceinher ■■')1. 1'"'7:'). m the Inite.i States. .•ll..')(IS miles, exceedin^r the total railroad milea,LM' in tlu' Initrd States at the oiitlireak of the vehellioii in lNt'«l. Thii> there were nmre mile- of railroad limit in tlie I'nitcd States in tiie six years suhse(|Uent to ImIT tliaii in the tliirty-iive years prior to Istiii; France prospered after the disa>truus war of l>'7tl-7l. otherwise it could not have so promptly paid its eiioriiioiis .ndeuiiiity to (imiiany. (Ireat iiritain has had m> enstly war fo' a hm-- time, hut iireat Britiiin is depressed to extremity in \\< trade and industries, iiotwith- standinjz it has enjoyed a loii^ peaee. Mi.rht vears claiised hetweeii the fiid of civil war in the I nited States and the linaiicial |>riiiir 'd' I St;.", is ii,,t the cause of the depressinii since the summer (d' 1^7:1; on the cdntrary. the C(d- laiise of credit in l>^7:! was caused hy speculation and expansion commenced in the summer of 1m17. piim- to which date '{'weed's Tammaiiv Uin-, the Inion i'aci'ic Uailmicl Cnuipanys i'rr.lit \h,l,l- licr contract which siirpas,-ed Aladdin's inaL'ic lamp, the S(UUliern Kaihvav Security rover, the iS'orthern Tacilic liailroad hiit wjiert; a nation expends more tlian its receipts, it diminishes its capital or incurs deht. And as (Ireat IJritaiii in n 'en, years lias importeil many mil'iins more in money va ■ t' ■ t hi'S expoi'teil, and lia.s collected a i|imihi-lied >iim IVom ii 'r.ir <:><:.'. Jiivi stmeiits, the coiadii- sion is thai in ri'ccnt years (ireat I5m! r-i \>i.. hecn living; in jiart on its firincipal acciimulatod in prior years; tor a creditor Great IJritain ha.- incurred iiiiiiieiise |os>rs in t'orei'^n countries and corpora- tions. ("II A I'TKK \' I I I. In the sjiread of coiiiiiierci' nations achieved fireatness and cities amassed wealtii. uhich. however, neither could hold, and consequently, the commei'cial centre of the world, inoveil from place to place aroiiinl ilie Meiiiterrancaii -hore. and thence to the Netherlamls, at last was sliit'ted to the Tlianies. and Komhih \v;i (levelo|ied into a vast city. IJiit Jjiiiidon ea'inot ;/n nii i:ro\viiii.f i'oi'ever. and as its income, commissions and prolits are now L'reatly reduceil, compared with years ;^one by, J>ondoii may ai any timesiiil'cr i'lom panic ami from shrinkage in valiio of leal I >late. And as the exodus of skilled workiuen from (Jreat IJritaiii is certain to continue, liondoii will ere loiiu; feel and siiow tin; eft'ect of decaileiice in principal iiive»te(l ami income collectahle. The V(tlunie oi" liii>ines> may he larLTc. the mea-iire of profit mav he small ; machinery sn],crsede(|, propertv depreciated. mark( is divided, corn- pet it ion a;_'irre.-»ive ; the-e are the tendencies i>\' the times in (Jreat JJritain. and these are the considerations that deti-riuine intelliiri-iit llritoiis to >eek the rnited State<, where, if the shops are full at present, there are cheap lands open lo settlement. Iiiterestin;x, instructive and con.-olatory is the miLnatioii to the a;^'ricultiiral lands west of tho Mississippi l!i\cr. aliiady penetrated with I'ailways and provided with tran-poitatioii. 'i'he I'lastern Stales are all importers of atrrictillin al products fi-oin tlie Wot: and. meanwhile, as the I'last ^rows in population, consuinp- lionwill increase: and-oihi- W e>i. ii-<'ll' a larire consumer of its own 75 ]irni|iict<. liMS a custniiicr in llic Ivi^-t, ami licvoinl the Ka^tim States is Miifiipc. l''(ii' smplii- |Mi|iiil;iiiuii>. ;ii'ciiiiiulat('il ill paiiiciilai' liianclu s nl' imlii-ti'v. a> laliPi' is iliviilcl at |ni'-('iit tiiiic. tii'i'i- i- no -udi cnv- rccli/i' ami ri'uulatnr as ULiiiciilturc. In a >linrt tiim-. llirrcinrc. wiili ]in>]K'r ilutit's iiM tlic itrnilncts of t'iiriii.Mi lalM.f at >tai'vati(in prices, till' inteinal alVaifs ol' the I'niteil Slate- uill ailjnst tlii'inselves tu a now (Ii.>tfi!iutiiin ol' dMnie^tie eiiiiiloVMient, ami •" al! tliiiij^s will work t();:(llier I'lif tlu' rniuiUDn ^imd," like train- on a railroail, to a new tiine-talile. ('liiea;.'o. aniai'V(l of ia|iiil ;4iow tli. \s ill continue to (|eve|o|i ami in- ci'case in [io|)Mlatioii, in nianuraetiu'c- ami in trade; St. Ijoiiis likewise is sure oi' lon^: continued counnercial (\\|ian>ioii and industrial accumu- lation; New < )rleans will lie tlie eiif re|.ot of prodigious totals of cosino- jiolitati coiunierce ; and Si. I'aul \Nill lie cotispicuous and important. liike tin; Van^i-lsv-kiang, in ('liina, the Missi.->sippi lliver will havo on its hanks great centres oj" interior trade: and the Mississippi Slates, which are like unto naiion> in .'i/.e and re-Murces. will a Id million- oi millions to pros|)crous population, where ih) loreign enemy can invail , when' no domestic traitor can distract, and where political union > political life everlastinir. There will he more millions of inhaliitai.ts in the .Mississippi ha.-in than any nation ol' the eartii now cont ;■:•<. not hetweeii the liidil- lliver and the \'elloW Sea. AtmuiLr 'genuine political econouii.-ts, the hoit>ewire, who. with a i\'W dollars a week, feceiveil nut oi" her hu.-l)and s earnings, keeps her household together, everylhing neat and tidy in appearance, and sends her children to school week-day and Siimlay. i.> supreme over specu- lators in theories, iidlatiouists who collapse credit, ami juggler.s who aliuse charters. If Stephen \' A I l.'l II I ic ( >rc;m. wllicll i-;i I'l'ITV fnl' nil I i'jIM' icill ;illi| itllfrlrmlt'. lll|i| likt'Wisc ;) li;lirir t'l lll:ir- )i|nt> willi |iii|iiic;il |i|;iiis ami riit'iiiic^ with ilcailly \Vfa|M»iis. The iimiii;;)'!!!!! ami t«tiiri»t arc wclcniiicil ovci' if- waves, ami t'ur tlic |in'- iiK'iiitatc'l ill -iri'Vcr nC lilicrly iIhti' arc .'rcrijy iiinu^inx in it> ilipili^. As till' lirail'-iu'S nl' a tier ciUIVir;.'!' ill it' Illlllk, >■! the luMllcllrS III" tlir ( 'aiica-iaii face. IVhih ilic cMtitiiiciit ami i>laml' nl" Miii'n|M'. cniiii' ti'^ctlliT ill Wcilluck ill till- AiniTicail I lliun, wIhTc tlinsr wlm rnllnwcil siiirc ( 'iiiiiiiiliiis 'li-.cn\ I'li'il liavc Mruiilfij a iicw coiuitrv ami cst:!!)- 1 I li»lii'i| a iii'W jinucr lictwis'ii two x'as. with a i|ci/cii ijoni's (ipcii In l\iiiia ri'T iiitcrtraih' in cnniimnlitirs nf (•uniinri'i'i'. Ami it' (Ircaf. IJiilain. as a nation in I'liifipr. wnihl lie t'ltti iid' ruiuli'i/c with the rmli'il Stall'-, it mily iirrij lir-t ami |iiiiiiaril_v tn lt'a\(' thi' D.iiiiiiiinii of ('aiiaija to llir n|ilmn n\' ii> inilwrllcrs, carh |iiiivinrt' to ilrlrniiine il> own t'litiirc trai.silion to a St:iir of the I'liioii. Whilst (ircat liiitain is on thi> -I'h- of tlit- Atlantic, in provinces ii'Tiiss the Anicncan main ami i>Iamls on its coa>t-. the I'niteil States mii-i con-iriie its a-se\erations of ili>i in'_'ni>heil coii^iilerat ion, ami all that, with a nielilal resei'vatioii, ami imt cease to reliieiiilier that tho l'ji;rli"li "liclionaiv is piMlilic ot'worils which siqiply ili|iloMiacy with a vocahiihiry. ami which, in the statutes, aic iiiaile to mean what the jmljXe on the hciich says they cxiiress, in his o|iiiiioii. Towai'N iu; I'liiteil States. Iliis^ia. on the other liaml. has never >iiow n CI |iii Vocal IVieml-hiii. imr In •en iriiilt v of colic- Ion with an ciieiiiy III time of war. ci\il oi- foiciifii. Ami, as a logical sei|ii(>iice. hilioM Willi wiiat rcci|irocity ami coraiality the rnitdl States ami itiissia clasp ami .-iiake liamls across j!( hiin;.' Strait. I'loin the shores of Kaiiitscliatka ami Ala-ka I III the siippress'on of the niiitiiiy ami attciiiptci revolution in Imlia ill 1^")T. a iiioveimnr inspircl hy love of country, (Ircat Mritaiii traiisportcil Oie Kinir of l>elhi to where he soon ilicl. ami killcil his son ami ;:rairl>on. ami so extiiiL'ni hcil the royal line of h':.;itiiiiate successors of tiie ^reat Mo^fiils; for the Kiiijr of |)elhi was the licail of the MoL'iil empire ami a potentate of ancient linca;^e ami illustrious I'aiik aiiioiiix Iliml.ios ami Miissuhiiaiis. IJiit in IJritish eyes it was a criiiie to he a native Iciiitiiiiist in ilimlostaii: ami because the Km.^ of hellii was the iIcm emlaiit of the .Mo;.'iil emperors who hail riileil over a vast empire liefore Imiia was ilislrarie.l into petty sovercii^iities, therei'orc the KiiiL' of |)ellii was coh-iilereil ilaiii_'erous to lli'itish supremacy in Imiia. ami so the KiiiL' of helhi was ilooineil to traiis- jiortatioii ami incvitahle ilealli. ami his son ami irrainlson were ilcjirivcil t < (if life ill (»|i|)(i>itin|| III ;i (livilic (•(i|lini:l!HlliHlil Mini In lllnckrry iif liiiiiilinnil jii«iii('c ; ;iiiil tills s;it:iiiic' cnii'ltv w;i» iH'iii'ticfil sn tliiit llicit- >llnl||il lie IK) l(M;ill rc|l|'(Sflil!l|ivi' illivc 111 I lllnlnstiin |i) rd;.'!! o\i|-||lt' Miijrii! t'lnplrc n-vlvcil. in cmsc ihc imlivi- df liiijiii slmulil ithlii- In an ftVdi'l In (Aliil llirir |n,(i;^ll i .| i|p|r>Si il« JIImI I fi'- tlllili»ll lldllM' rule. Ill nilicr \V(ii(l>. ihc iiiyiil line III' hrlln was cMrniiinaMMl to |irc\f!it tlic I'lstdiiitiiPii (if ii tiiiii'-liMiinrcil ,M(i|_'iil rcixiint' in In liii. nilvcr^c to l)i'itisli niU'. Ami Ujijalis, Kliaii!-. and oilier native ili^'iiitaiie- wero iiaiij^eil in |M."i7, for |i<)lilieal reasDii'. \t\ the l»nti>li in Imlia, ulicn' the " kiiiL' "t" liea>ts " is consiilecale anatra|»(it' the iialiiiii that cairie- the linn (ill it* enat ut' aiiii<. aiel inaki-s '" JJi'iti^h iiiteie»ts " a jii>tilieatiiMi of CKiiiiiie'i ['uv irade and a plea tor aei|iii>i- tinii )|' lenitorv Inr cidoiiial eiii|tire iiiMind the irlnlie ; e>peeially in |ilaee.i where .-iilijii;;at ieii i«< |irai'lieahle thiii!i;:h di|ili)iiiacy and siili«idv, where s|ii(liati(iii is |iriilitaMe, and iineivili/eil |)i)|iiilati((n is deleiieek'ss a;:aiii>t treaty ti an>Iatioiis ami ninderii Lrniis. In aiilii|iii!y III' ei\ ili/alinii 1 1 induct an In n;;' antedate- < ii'eat iSril.tin ; and the did plea nl' the ( 'hri-lianity df (Ileal Itrilain is iid hiiiL'ei' availilhle. >iiiee it.> iniiMiie aL':iin>i the San Slefaiid Iieatv to |iidldii" the .stay oi' the 'I'liik in Miii'dpe. and its ai-eepiaiiee di' ('ypriis Inland Jis siih«.idy idi' a dejen.^ive alliance with the .Mahdimtan pdwev that eentiiries aii'i ernssed dver iVdiu Asia to Miirdpi' and wa^'Ml war a^rainst the ('hn^liaii iiatidii> Id exieriiiiliate the ('hi'i-liaii iell;_ddii. K.\ee|/t jur the inti'i fereiiee (jf (ireat llniain. the 'link wniild have Ik en scdiir;:ed dill dl' Miiidpe. tnr Ait-lna. wilhdiil liiili>h ediipeialinn. was iiii|niient td act a;z'aiii>t lln^-ia. And pdiU, ci»nspired a;:aiiist the ('liri>iiaiis in Knrdpeaii 'riiikey. I'dr their dwn iiiiitiial a^rLrramii/eiiieiit. And miw. with the San Steiami lieatv IhIwcih Uilssia and Tiirkey. the lieiliii ('(in^re-> ut' the >evcn pdWeis. and the ileleiisise alliance helweeii (ireat I'.iitain and Turkey, kiidwn td man- kind df all reli;:idns. the hypncri-y and seifi>lines> df (ircai Kntaiii are ol recdid in e\idenre that will endure in history to cdiilrdnt pro- fessions contrary lo acts. |{e\iew l,drd IJe.icdnstield. the l!riti>li held in these dipldinalie expldits. and wherein is there prodf of sinceriiv. tniihfiiliie.«s. di' >iate>maii>hip. that will stand the tot df lidiicst crilici-ni. in hi> -harp pr.iclice, which must mil he cdiifdiiinled with pdliey tar.-ii:hled '.' ( 'diisidi'fed as a linaliiy \'n\- Kiirdpe, in tlie interests df peace, the Derliii Coiiixress was a failure, hccaii^e it scttli'il didy a {'v\\ id' the iniiidr and adjourned iimst of the main i-»ue- of the (pie>tidn> it was called td^iellier to di.scu.ss, aroitrate and Sdlve, for a time to he uicusiiivd m imt liv iliiv-i liiit liv veil'. I'lit IicI'mit tin- iiiril»il.*?<:i^ piirlitiolic'l t Wii |,r(i\ iiiccs i»f' 'I'lirkry in .\il«tlM;i, il l,i)li-cnlMli!lt.tlit ill llic war lii'l Wrrli l|i|--i!l llli.l Tlllki'V; l)llt wllrll A i-tii:i iiiiiiiliiil iiiio the fcrrilni_v iillMitcil to it ;i< its prizo l'<'i' en- iiiii itml lltT- /,t'i.'()viiia. ilicii tlic pcnjplc |M)rtiii)ii«l nil' iiiailc ilcrcn^ivf war !i;:aiiist iin a-i(.ii. aiiil .\iiliiiit' imt on it at Kcrliii witli a l'>iili"ili lirii^li. Aii-tiia cati only rule wlicrc slii- 'mii t'oin|m'r. For prt'scrviii;^ it tVoin ili-iiniiilpi'i'iin'iit in l>^l'.*, Aii-tria in l^TH rt'paid Kiissi:i with iii;.M'atiliiilr. I'.iit Scrvia i> an iii'lcpemlfnl nation, ainl Ilnii'rarv iiiav vet rc^'iiin it-; iiiilciK'nilfiicc ol' Austria. There rrniaiiifi iiinrh tor iliploiii;' y ami the >wdril to i|o in the lia.-in <atniini to its harbors and Kars to its stroiij^lndds. Nor can nor will llii.-sia <-easc to ac<|iiire tcr- ritoiy or inlliieiice on the lilack Sea. till it shall have acipiircd j^roiind t'Mseiitial foi" the projection of its eoiiiiiiei'ee in the free iiavi;^atioii of the Hosphoriis and the hirdaiielles to the .]'];^eaii Sei via ('oii.-.tanti- iiojile. a- the I'niied States enjoy hetwei'ii the .Miv-i->ippi l!i\er sv>teiii and thediiif I'Xpamled and develojteij into a colossal ]iower that will iiot he content iior satis- tied until the >traits between I'^impe and A-ia. which the Turks have too loiijr straddled, are opiMi to its ships, and it can [irotect its eoiii- liieree to the MediteiTaiieaii Sea. It would not he l(derated in l>eninaik to ldoidfaiifiiin|ilt'. Tlic wmI'U " I'.riiish interest^" \\<\[h\ mtvc ilir il.vil Wm- a sliuit JiiMitu ill |Kiii;iiiiui. a» it <\iu-i {'nv |iii|iti('iaii< in l.un.lnd. \\]ut liartfi' iiway tlm Cliristiaii <'liiiri-li in Tmk.-v to sa\r the jiiiti-h (|,,I!ai- iii India am] cNj-wIich'. (Iicat is tlic rl.,llar in Uritain. Vnv wliatcvcr flic rnitnl Slafc-- may tli'cm iicccs^nry nf ciiactiiicnt ami i\((iitii»n to |ii(vcnl the cstalili-lmicnt of i|vna>li(' ^roviTiimcnt in ramnia, it lias the suprcnic ami ail-'Uilicicni law of scl('-|)ri'S( rsation, iMhlitioiial tn prt'ct'ilciits in flic piactio' of (Ikmi jiritain w'lcrc it (•(in>iilii((l 'W'. iiilcii'>ts |prHv|„.i-tivcly iti\ulvc to iialions with >iiiall mnic^ iitcl imiici't'cct ild'ciiccs, in procni time ihc l>riii>h ironchiij is ini|iotcni |.» l,iilMo/.c the torpedo, which i:- a- dotnictivc to an iidii-claij ship of war as to a wood(>ii tarL'ct. In the account l.ctwi'cn the |{ii<*i'i!i torpedo mid the 'ruiki>li ii'iiti-cl.id the ernlit iKiJaiici' i> lai ^clv in fiivnf u(' tlir tor- pedo. The I'oh' of the iroii-clail i» fathci' to iiiciKicr with dcinon-tra- tii'iis than attack with pinjretih'> ; I'm|- the iMipcijo c|iar-id tn explode in more Id he dreaded ihaii a ilniiti;,!.' liattcry in an iron c|;el -hip. whi(di i.- Miliieralde in the same proportion that it was ehiimed to lie iiivuliicral.le. .\ Weather vane is piit up to p (a«_v lo a-ccrtaiii which way llm wiml hlow>. and in what diiceiioii piildie opinion lends, (.'oncciiliiicnt •A' the triilli is iinpossilde where discussion \\ini:ow- as-ertioiis from faets. 'I'hat the iroii-clali caiiipai;.'ns of l^il> and 1 >ia hy I'Vaiice. (Ircat I'mm lin. and Sardinia, as allies of 'i iikey. four powers a;_riiii»l one; a war in which the r.rili-li. afier iiioi than one trial, did not take the Kedaii, tlioii;ili the l'"iencli ijid tak'' liu' MalakliotV: wherrupo.i tlie lliis-ian.s retired to the noiili fort- of Seha^topol and were not driven thence hv the hcsicjirin;: adie^. Cwl. Chcsney. I!. A.. I>. C L . V . \l. S.. says; '• It i.- true tiial lliiee leiiiarkahh' ioNtance^ have oeeiirre I in modern times, which may seem to favor the .siiperiorily of .ships over stono r Willis. These arc ('i»|n'iili.iLrt'ii. AIl'kms iiiiil Acre. In llic iirst ciisc. il is miilci'stciiil tlijit Nclxtii \\;is iiiilv iclicvcil IVniii a critical >ifiiati(»n \t Ml line nl' hatilc, hut aliiiiist ship hy shi|). ami. cnnsci|iieiitlv, jrreatlv e\|Mi-cii in the i:arri«-iiii. the \>iiiiii i '/iiiions witlimil a shot heiiii^ lircil hy the ^'airi-mi, until Liinl Ivxinmilh waved hi> hat a- the siLTHal tor the fleet to ii|ien its lire ^iiiiiiltaiicmi^ly . •• ill the third case, that ol" Acre, the tlcct was iilso allowcii to tak(> ii'i |iiiMiiMn> wiiiidi had hceii jU'-v imi-^ly ariaiiired, wilhmit any o|i|io- siiimi. linnys had e\(ii heeii plaeed hel'iireliand. and ulial had heeii a »taic o! [leace up In that inmnenl wa> only hinkcii hy the npcniiiir lit' a leiiilie liie (d' >hidls and >liiii. when cvci-ylliiii:^ was ready; — at lca>i oil mir >idc." l>rili>h duplicity, however. pr;,clieed in its naval tactics at <"o|)cii- liaut'ii. AlLner> and Acre, as descrilied hy a coiupctciit iJritish military /iilthmity. a colmiel in the lloval Artillery. ili-)I. which \\a^ iiiit'ul ; nor wa- the Mahikhotl' takrii hy the l-'remdi till Septemhcr S, Is.'i."). wiiiii the allies entered that portion o|' S(lia>top()l hd't in ruins hy the retiriiij: l{ii«ihiirL:-, in tlie |{iis«o-Tiii ki-h-l""ri ncli-IJritisli-Sardiiiian war of 1 S.Vi-lS.'it;, a war which wa-- Wiii^cd to wrc-l I'l oiii lliis^ia the Crimea, and other <:rmind. hut wlinh ended havin;.' I{ii<-^ia intact, sa\e ihai its IJe-sara- hiaii corner wa- ciii oil'. i,d li wa» retroieded hy tli" San Sld'ano treaty, a riirocis^iuii which the ('miL'i'ess ot' llerlin cmilirmed. The ('riiman war added no pri^li^fe to liiis a lo-s of prr-iiL'e. The war of 1ST7-1>T>. ended hy the Ireaiy '>\' San Siefano. heiweeii llu>sia and Tiiikiv, cont'crn I a lii-tre on lJii--ia'-> arm- whicii llie ('oii_ric->. of jj 'ilin ilid Mot dim nor eclipM' Willi il- own |icrlorniances. si (■ II A I'T K i; I .\. ^. it \\;i< "tll(i:illy iiiiiiniincci]. jn I.uihinii. that llic M:iri|iii^ n\' Kornc. >uM-iii-l,i\\ nl" (^hii'cn \'irl(>n;i, iiiil liccii :i|)|Miiiit('(l » iiivcni')!'-' ii'iicral nl'llic 1 'niiiiiioii ol' < 'miii'la. siicci'ssor to Ijofd hiitl'ciiii. 'I'lic Miii'i|iiis of lioriH'. liiisliaiid of tlic l'i'iiic( ss lioiii-c, is tlio clilo.-^t soli ol'ilif I )ii!<(' of Afirvll. lie was Iiorii August •», |S4,'), iiiid was man-icd Mai'cli _'!. I>7I. TIh' rriin'o-s Ijoiiix-. tlii' sixth of the uilio i-!iiMi(ii <>i' (^huMii N'icloiia, aiid I'liiii-c Alhri't, w ;is hoi'ii Man-h 1'^. lS4>i. Tlir Manjiiis u\' \.oiiiiiiinii uf ('aiimla with mval IiIoimI. and altciii|it iht' ta^h of foiiiidiii'^ u dviiiistv ill ilio ^liail^w of the liic of liln-riy. in >oil Hear its roots, wliich arc »oiiiid hkc il- liraiichcs. is a iiicinhfr "f I'ar- liauu'iit frmii the ciMiut y "I" Ar'_''yll. Sroijaiid. 'Hu; county of Ai'/vll is ))o>iiiv(iv iihcial ill il- |i'iliiics. and tiic Manjiii* of Ldnic. who COMICS to America |ir'ih;ihl\- lu jiiMpaLiate nualty in di«ifiiisc. pei'i-haiicf! ill evpectat ii'ii of a pfiijiii imis sra-nn to declare a kiiiLrdoiii, professed liheral scnliuieiits when he wa> elecli'il to I'arH.inieiil ; hut after iiis liiai ria'i-e lo a daii'^hler unconditionally a- if lu' had never !.riveii a idedu'i- to liis Lilicral eonstitiicncy in Ar'iyH. Tlie .Martinis. iherel'Mre, is a Hi'iti-h di|iloniatist. wiio, when lie says one tlniiL:. |ierha|i- nn aiis aiiuther. ]>iit, ill America, the art ot' .^dvernnieni i^ open to iiiii\er-al -tiidy: and the iiitelli'_'ent eleetdr wlm knnw- Imw to wicM the hall'it and tu strike wilii it. contemplates a inyali-t with a- liille awe ;i-. ;i learned jihvsieiaii looks on the medicine man of an Indian IiiIm. In repuh- lieaii eves kiii'i'-era.ft is a tiMii-pareiit •^llalll. and a rnyal court i- lur a theatre with a >taL'e and a st^ck company. 1' nr star act.u's in pulii ieal parts ihi we iint >earch aiiieiiir dr-I iii_'ui-heil miiii^tei- who -.er\ed crowned head- '' i> iiui Shak-peare imiihirtal in the realm of mind Jicyohd till" royal eliaiMctcrs depicted in hi< jilay-'r \)nr< imt rcMilii- tioii upl'oiit a dviiastv a- a lornado iipinuts a tree':' And wlnre the tree stooil hefore the -toiiii de.-t I'lycd i!. due- not the ploiiLdonan make a I'k -row and plant sei'd to iilili/.e the j;ruund, and -o turn a \ i-iiatmn in wind tn ad\antaL:'o in a;_'ricuh lire .' I- lot a lire in a ciiy a fles>. ilil_f ill Ihmie when a >itc is cleared for nee.le I inipro\ elneiils iiut, otherwise atlainahle, hccau>e of op"n>ition against teariii-- down nid St met ui't.'s, superseded and deprec, ed '.' l''orces in nature aic not diminished heeaiisi' now and then a >ioiiii makes a eomniolion m the air. and thi're is destriielion on land and sea. Ailir a tliiiiidcr--.i(ii m the atnio-pliere i- more exhihiialing ; and after a plot against nation- iililv mill IVcr ■_"'\''i'ii'iM'iit is r\|ilni|i^l. tlh' 1 1' il it i(';i I ~k\ ipf;! pru^rcss- ivc |i(n|ilc rc-innr- its iinnii;il .'i/iirc liiif. The sKv nf Mexico wms tuicr (ivi'i'ciisl willi cliiii'!. liiil ii i- II iliic'l time icnili'aii. if imt ^c^cnc. Tlir |{r|)iilpiic III 1* riiiMT was twiic .-ii |)|ilaiiti"l. titit ii-iw |''raii('c is ;i I{('|iiiiili(; [i)\ tlic tliir(l tiiiic. u atrlil'iil ami iliiciiiiiiii'il noi to lie aL'iiili l)cti:i\c(l ill till- ilitrro! ol' Ic.'il imacv, ilyiia.-I_v or ciiiliii'r. tlii'c- iniiiis III' [insitiial i."'\''i'iiim'iit aiilaL:'iiii..ii(.' tn r('|iultli('aiiisiii, liccaiiso birtii- v\'^\iX succi'ssinii to a si'(|iti'(' is rontrai-y to llic i'i;_'lir oi" tlic i^overiicil to cliooSf the cIlitT ol" tlic .I'lVl'llHIH lit. Tlic masses, in America. iiii(lci'- >m Ti'iimliiiL's too cKarlv. li tnlerate a kiiiL''lnni or an e(ii|tirc ill N.'i'ili America, or |hiiiiii a ]iliptliiii: pnwcv in Hsirope to illtl•i^llc a;:ain-i the aiiiicxalion of iVee Slates tcj tlie American Union; a (.'cii- tiii'V plant, wliicli. on it- liiimlreiltli annivei-aiT, in l^Tt!, hlossomeil in Kairnioiuit I'ark. !'liilaites wlnre it crce|)S ami co\er.-. ami kill- ilie tree it L'U'lic- aid oseiLrrows. as tlie stumps of punk t'iin;_''ii-. "u\\ tii lor timlcr. in the ;^eiiealo;iical park teslily. ill truth, it ua» an irior to iinpuii \\\c Kn'.rli>li sparrow into the I'hiteil States, where it i- out ol phu-c aiming siiiirin,ix liirds, thiit maki' ihe cuiintrv aid the town vocal with iiati\e >oii|_rs. The Mritish tramp, with \\iiiir>. liii> n wtracity in ili.-propoinoii to its size. And aninn'_' more musical Atiicrieaii liiri'- in preiiiei' pliima;;'e. (he sp trrow is the ei|ui\ aleiit ot" t he ei mimun I -I in the l-'r-iich iipiihlic, am) i- an impuriatinii to the I nitcd Stales '• icit Hi tn he made." Aim iicaii ciiiziiis w liii >tiidythe political weather aid coiiPul proh- aliiliiies in l>riti>li politics, will not tVateriiizc with tille h.-arers im- porled iiiln ('aiiada In act aniomalic pai'ts in a ii'aiiic nf dynastic (.'luss played 111 iiiiieluii a;:aiii-t tree insi ii iitioii- in \iii"rica. Let cxliihi- tioiis of Inyahy to royally ionic frniii the St. (Jeoru'c societies, whosi! mcmliers are imhced with llriii->h idea- in fast colnrs, visihle ihrniiLdi the ink ol a tiatiiralizatioii ccrtilicate' The Willi hy I'rincesv Louise, imw tiie >Lirchion('ss of Lorno. is not iiinre wnrthy than Nellie (Irani, imw .Mr-. Sartoris. Ami did not ILiiriet Lane, imw Mr-. ..)..hn-on, i|o the hniiurs of the Whit" Uoiisc. in \Va-liinLri"ii. with as iiincli ;.'race and diL'tiity ms any prince-s in her appropri.ale part in W iid-or Castle 'r The law ni' ipialitv wlmli jtcr- vadi s .\mcricaii oy-tei.- and e;_fi:s. aid eaii,-e- their cla--ilica! mii into "■;;ooil and '• had. al.-i pervade- the tilled and iintitled rank- in I'iuropc. where tho.-o who pa.-s i'ur •' eomiiioii.>" show ;is !urij;i' a [icr- contiij^c of "good" iis the .so-cullcd nubility. HI ;is till ins til- ("i- iiiii ii'i' rue III C'll |)S i|is fv. i;il isli Md u\v Mil nil- CSS 11)1- OSl! fill not: nut ise, icr M'l;- lltD 111 >rV- U fs a priiK'('ons learn iiotliin;^ and fori:et notliiiiL;." Are all dynastic families like tlie iJoiirhons '.' An i is not a minister of -tate who c;iiiiiot di,-cerii that dvnastic irovcrnnienl is destined to perish liko other impo.-tiires of the past hased im >iiper>tiiion. which is eveix where disa pjieariiiLr iVoiii politjcil hoii/.on-, i these latter advanced dav> .niiiial nature, iiowherc jierlect. mav n inlit for oilier in folll u a> near perfection where all are citi/eiis a- where titles and iiiiided like hioii/.e |ii'e|iaratorv ti honors are hereditary and -iiccessK.n is iiidi'pemlciit of merit. N< no: hiinnin nature is not coinp< ('asliii'.f a statue in a mould, nor like ineial in a hell. iinprcLniated with siUcr to >often its soiiml. (ireaier monsters or wor>e men ne\er lived on the earlh than .-oliie if the oeeiipalil^ of the thi'oiie of Kii'daiid- And criminal calend; I', s -how that a iirince can he as \VI( ked ;is a iieasai il. Awav il leh Willi the ari'i nice thai hereditary ollice e.xalls liiiinan iialnre. which, where it attains to liii:liest exalta- tion in pnlilic ami private life, is always fou'eled on manhood and \s omaniiooil. worth an>l vir'm Tl e cili/.eii rc-er\('s his veneration Slid his adoration for llie on.' imiver-al (iod. and make> allotineiil of Ills re ■ peel and a Imiialion aciurdiiiL.' I" his iindi r-laiidiiiL'. ex| lerieiici and nhscrvalioii, wiih menial !inpar;iality and without |.ri'ierenc prejudice, or Inas. Tl le l>rili>li political ".y-leiii, which |ierp.l uatc- power in a pri\- ijeired clas-, ami tolcratr- ihi' laws oi pniieejeiiitiire and eiilail, pos. itive drawhack- to n form, lia- made London a mammoth and ma>to- doii citv. ha- madi' ihe do/en md!ioiiaire> and the million companion> iif po\cii\ " aci|iiainiei| with j:ii<'l. 'I'he spi'cta<'ie oi' lionoi in plumes and rihlmii-^ and dccoi alum,- on luaasi- and -Imuldci- ennohled !i\ partial law, not hy impartial jus- tice ami lioiie-t eif ri. ilocs not lill ilie reipiireiiieiit - of manliond n sati-l'\' ll Iiicaled iiiiiid. ipiick lo di-ceni ami alih' to weejli. iiiea- or nie ami appii ciale. I lie .-m avoicii fir t lie pa lace liocs 84 not ;iii|n';i^r tin' liiiiijci' nC tlic iimltitiiilc in Imvi'l-. for tlic stnniarh is sciisilivc iiihl ilif ImiIv imisi liavc iiiiui'i>liiin'iit. To lunviilc tliiii;_',s to t'Jit iiinl to wear i^ a idiniiiMii diity. tor food iind i-lolliiiit;' arc coin- iiinii tii'ccssiiric- : ami innco opiiortuiiitics I'or sii-tcMitatioii iUul bcttcr- lui'iit oiiL'lit to III' ()|pcn to ('\i'rvl>'>il_v. Wide, iiidccil. i< till' dill'rrciici' lictwccii a citi/.i'ii and a siiliirct, a roptildic in the liand> oi" i'r|iuMi('an citi/ciis and a nionarcliy admin- istered 1)_v ;i dvnasty. with an armv tn cid'oree its decrees; jiarticii- larly to the masses who work with Inain and inii-^ele. operate with niitid on nnitti'f. and anionir wlinm .nc a eonsiclei'alde [pi'oportioii who have ideas to endioily in iiiaetie:il use aiiil a-pirations to yealize. throuirli rewards in >i.:lM nrmaiilv ainhilion and wiihin I'eaidi "I' Imnest efVort. The ann-nil uranis reii'ive(| hv the (Jincn ot" (Ireai Uriiain and Iivlaml and the nuMii'ii rs ol' her I'amily anionnt tn a very lar;;e sum, aliont three miHion i!nllar>. I'er the rey.d hoiisehnld of (ireat IJritain is a numeron> lamiiy, which deri\es its main consideration not from sorviees rendered to the kin'jdnni since the House oi" Hanover oli- taini'd the sucoessinn ilireiiL:li (ienrLre I., hut from the circum-taiiee that it >upplie~ the .-overi'iirn cui the throne aiel rei;_rn> hy authority of law. wiihnut conti'st — a ^reat ncilter — and with the sancti(jn id" I'arliaiiHnt. the Lords and Commons. The Hoii7, was more than an luajinary mortal, considered apart tVoni the crown, wliiidi imc-ts its wearer with oHicial jiatrona'ie and royal picroLratives and I'ijfhts. t^Mieen \ ictoria. di>linL:iii>licd lor her donie^tie virtues and motherly merits, and I'or t!ie liiLdnr -tandard e-tahli the re^jieet and the alleel ionale ;^ood-will of the I'l'iiji/f ol" the l'iiit(d States, was crowneil at Westminster June '2^, |s;',S. (}ueen \'ictoria. o:ily daiiLditer of the |)uke id" Kent, was horn May Jl. I'^llt: \v;|. inarried id her cnii-in. rnnce Alheri id' SaxeCol.iii--. I'"elir!iary I'l. l^\<*: I'linee Alheri died I )ee,.inlier II, l>'M. lami'iited and iiiourMcd. ,\< the issue of woman liorn into the wurld with life i< nowhere exempted from dealh. the coiuinon peiialtv imposed hy o I'ure, there i> a deniocratie condi'ioii in the child horn naked into tee O'oi Id in hel|de»sne>s and dependence, and a ilemo- cialic condilioii ' .e le I dilary potentate when d'/ath levels him down oil hi- I'ack n- 'he like his siihject, and miii'jle his (just with iiiii\eis;ii i:.',ii\;ii'iiy 111 eotiimoi. inoiiier earth. All men. tliei-ei'ore, are hoin dele ! ■ « aiei d.e deinocrals, uherel'ore deinoeracv. primitive and pun in atn"'. where party name eaniioi c .rriipt. is the normal t oiidilioti of I lie I ■ : ,'i>mo ' I 1 1 .•iidiiii.i' III' man',- sojourn in the sul'K.'I V Ho tft wliicli ho owos service, in tlio yeai's of Iiis rf«noiisiliility lietwccii yoiilli iiiiil !!;.'(•, wlieii the \ iirnr of iii;iiihiMi(l, which iiichiih-s ;ill rity ch'iiiiie(l (or i-(iy:ihv is :i iiHi/kcry nl" s|)ifitii;ility witli iii;itei-i;ili >iii and a--iii'e to mankind a possihle hi;j.lier life in a s|iirilMal sphere, where material matters eaiiiiot he |ierverted to ennr<>iiiel tlu' iiias-es iiy arcli dipht- matists, lawyers, and niereenaries ; such as ahuiind in the old world at this ](resent jiiiictMre of aiirasion anionir the liratielies of the race roiindrd lpy Adam, saved tVoni diMwnin:^ hy Noah, and made jnoures- sive hy th(> iiispired words of the Sa\iour. who wa» eianalied iiecaiise he |ireaehi'd airaiiist teni|ioral kin;.'doin. l,ove of -pl( ndor wa- tlie nun ol" the .lews, who loved Lditter hetter llian (io.|. And wh"i'iin is liOiidoii hetter than .lenisalem, i'or docs not ],oiidon eovri enipiic and lust i'or eoni|iiest ^ In ]iro|)ortion as intelliLrenee is spread aiiioiiL' the penpj.'. nouns will lie -liiirii (if their prero^-ative^. uliieli in jnost easr- are ii-urpa- tiiuis, and w I'itteii const it ul ion< will restrict incuinhents of oilier wi'liin linnts. ("onliapiriioii- in Innnan an nal-. (io int(» Westiiutister .\lihey. ami ohserve how visitor- search in the I'oet's Coi'iier for names perennial in the readei-'- mind and imiiiortal in the woi'ld id' letter^. Is not Kn.'land iiHTe 'ndehleil to niini-ler< of state than to its kinir- and 'pieeii-'.' 1- it iiol notorinii^ that Ini' Majesty's ministers niana;_fe(| the ("I'nwn, tJianipiilate 1 the I'l.rte. and iL:noreesoi' I'ariiamelit lalheit the ("oinmoii- ou^rlit ■md miilil e\ei<'i>e a eoiifrolliiiL' inlliience in the realm i. in th, ucjotiatioii and ral iliealinii nf the Treaty id' i)ei'ensive Allianee with Turkey. siLTiieil dune I. I^T"^. and amenih'd July 1. t\\enty-si\ da\- ilnreal'lei- ^\ hy, then, as the d'own of Kii:.daiid is ca>t in a siiliordmat" part i till' piaclieeof MiiLdand. where the mini-try ii-iiip< the I'linetions "f •ioveriimeni in iiiakm;j; licaties w itii l'oi'eiL;n power-, u herein pio-peet ■• war is made prohalde, are the p''inces and princes-e- of the Hon f llanoNci'. a Iied I'or .-ervice ;•» their counli'y ',' Conlemplale the t 'oinnion wealth under < 'roiiiw '11, a- a power amon^ nations, with the monarehv in ler ('liarlo 11. and !,i< -i;cee--ior- ! I'rinces and priiici'«.-e- arc ne n and women horn in lawful \\edlo(d<, like citi/.in- and -nhjects. ifHtiimi ni'n'r. Nor doe- liieir so-call ■' roval hirtli eninle them to ei-Misidei-ation, social or poli;iea|. o\er the son,- and daiiirhier- of ihi I'nsideni or I're-ideiiie-- in Wa-liiiiirtoii. «« III tlio I'liitcil Stiitc-^ the I'rrsidt'tit rc'lii|»S('S inti) tlic citi/cii. jukI Iiin cliililri'ii McimI ill the xicictv nf tlic ('((iniii'iii (•oiiiiti'V, as niiiiilrnps »lisii]i|)<'ar ill a rivrr. And so with iiriiicc and priiifcss, liu.-haiid anil wife, who collie nvcr IVoiii Kiiropc to liold dlllci' in Canada. Tlic ( J(ivcrnoi--( iciicral and liis wile arc ollicial cliafaclcr-*. cntiili-d to the coii administers Ids ollicc as to win admiration of hi- modesty and respect lor his talents, he will earn a naine that will emit a lustre which ejinmit lie horrowiMl from a title. The American I'liioii ha-* iit liccaiise an American citizen is made a president, a ;^eiieral, s<'iiator, or amhassador, to perlorm a duty for a compensation, with nppoiMuniiy to >limiiliite the ollicial to win fame ami deserve ^'ratiliidc, success uinh'r siicli circiimstances is not a reason for a ^raiit or inher- itance to his eliildreii ; for the citizen is under ohli;:ation to discliar;:;e his diilv. and for simply dninu' liis duty no one is eiititleil to extra prai>e : althou;.di lor service mea>iii"i-d liv .iieril, the American people are iir^pace. oliicials in titles mii-t undei'iie, for the constituent is an astronomer liiveii to exact calculation. An envelope is not a 'ciiei-. In a rcpiddic a title is no more than a eoiiiili rfeit hank note. ,\!id if (iieat l»ritaiii wonM capitalize its ari>tociac\- at llie par of il> sidf-e-timated value :ind then apprai-e it at wha; it is woilli to the realm, in the opinion of experts appointed to ilelect and e\|io>.e fraud, it would he shown thai the Tiiiki.-h loan is not the lai'i'est iioiiiinal a>scl of of Jjoriie, the hii-haiid n{' the Princess Louise and son-iiidaw id' the i^Micen of (ircat llritain and Ireland, and Km|tress of India. a> >upplem( nleij \e to aeijuire force from current facts, til! the Itrilish iidveriiiiicnt discon- tinues its plot- ill .ViiM'rica. where it- de-i^nis arc a- inlelliiiildc as if priiited in its London progrumme. I N 1) 1-: X Acri'. I'>i'ili>li l''lccl lU, . Alaska. . . . Algiers, llrili-li I'lccl ill, Aiiicriiii. no I >vnasl v in, . AninniM. li. A., I'lakcnnin at I'iit^huiyli, Area iil llir Aim rifun I niiin, An.-Iiia, .... Ilallinnil'r iiliii ( )lii(i llailroaii, Hcrlin, ( '()iiirr<;s.- nW , , Hliick S(>ii. iiiicc a 'ruiKi.
  • ollii [>ynasty cxterininatiMl. Divine Hiiilit cif Kiii^s, I'iiiiini of, l>yi!a.'".iy, not in Nortli Aini'iiiiii. i'ai^flanii. ..... I'",n;jli-li 'ractii-.< in .Atncrica, . Kfic ( 'anal. rii.'tia\ . . . Ilittitiiin Hay i'oni|iiiny, Imlclibist NaHi«'s. i . Imlia. ."*ii|i|iit-.--Hiii of .Mutiny in, Irciatui, iio|iulivtion of, llalv ic, HO :!ii, .'!;), ;!'.», •;■-', 71; bO . 'Jl, CI. T.-> .'» "J •Jn n. 11, 11, -iG, ,-.i, i;7, 77 . ;i, 40, 47, 5(1. t;7, 77 11. V: 7H 1(1, :!;i, :i7 5,14,21.-7 ;s, '24, liH, 7.-. 7, I.'), 28, (J2, lU;, 7ii, .S2 7, 2 1, 2.-.. 2.-<, iil 7(; i;2 (;:;, on, 7.'< ■1^ i.V, ti!i, 7.S .• . (;() i«;, 2;; . 71,72 *<, 1 2,;!2, :;7,'i2, • ( > 4(:, ,'io, ,■,.; 11, ).J,'i:., ;5;., .')1, 1;:;, C,') 11, \!<, 5S 4;i • ' ''■ . 40 84 1 2. ;J5, ;i!» , 12, 3T * y.i. •)? . 41, T'i . 58 11, 44, 5(1 ,ss l.:ikf Krif, . . I,;lkc Sll|ifli()l', . . . . l.lUr Tl )i\iisc, . .1 l.iikf \Viiiiii|i<'g, . . I • l.lllnlllll, ,,...■ I.diiisiuiiii, , , . . ■ Miiiiif. ....■•• Miiliiklidll' iiinl Knliiii 111 Si'liii.>in|i(il, Mitnili>l>a, . • • • • • Mexico. . . . . i • ' Mi'Mlc S.ii, . . . • M llllll-Dlll. ....•' Miiiin-dlii I'ivcr V:illf,v, . . . .Mississi|>|ii. Ilii-iii 1)1' till', . . Miiliiiy ill linliii, . . . Nelson liiver, New Hollliililiy i'el\. 11 MiUliloliil aiul Oiiliuio, . New Itruii'^wick ami Maine, ... New York ('ii\, ..... Nova Scoliu ami Massaelui-eits, , diilaiio, l'i'o\ im'e of. ..... Oli};ilial Thiileeii SlalC.-t. . . . . rcMii.~\ 1\ aiiiii K.iilroail, .... lMiila pI. .... I'uhlic Opinioii the |iaiaiiioiilil powef, . . Itailniail I lislanees, . . , Uailwav Kviiaiision in six years, . . Ue'l Kivei ol the Norlll, . . I!e|)iililif of France, ..... Iteviil.-ioli oT IM":!. -•oine ol' the ('aii.--ts of, Itiot not Insniiiclioii. . . . . Kiissiu, . . .■^aiiil I'anl. . . • . . .' .San .liuiii Ishlllil .\vlnml Ity llinlson Hay uml (Jiilf il' Mc\iro, Western .Slates, when ailiniiieil into the I'nioii, Weslerii Ten ilories, when organi/ietl, l'\..i. hi. n ,; ti, •i:\, ill 17, ii 1, IT, •ft :;■.*, .'lit i:i. .-.!•, 71 11, •Jii, :v>, (i2 t;, •ji;, :!;i, iiH •», •-'1, lij, 7.-. ^7, ;tii, :t:) •.'0, Ti IT. '-"J . • 1 .*, '».' 70 . -Jfi :>:>. i;:p ;!;i ;!ii, (i • •■•, ."-..s'. III 1 1 'i • • • • ■.il • 1 7 'jlj T:i . s, [■> .'lit. ll.'l "•J 5(1 ■;., I'J IT. ■■'", TH • • IH. ■>:'. . . 10 */ • ;">, :iT • ' . 1 • 1 1. .M , It, •J I. i;! • • 11 • -|>, :!l 1 ' <) • " 1 ' > .1 "7"' • ' 'i . i: •1, .1.-. ,^,0 t;T 7S :i, 1(1, i::, l!>, 'm, '•!, i:'>, nr. . II), 10 .•i;i, ,■.:> 1,^ :;:. I '.I i;o li III • ;.') 'jr>