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 \Pt'o)-n the Quarterly Tourxal of thf Oeologtcat. Socikty /or 
 
 Amjusl lyOT.J 
 
 EOZOOxX. 
 
 ON 
 
 NEW SPECIMENS OF 
 
 BY ■ 
 
 Sir W. E. LOGAN, F.R.S., F.G.S. 
 
 SrxcB the subject of Laureiitiau fossils wiis ijlacod bcfon' tliis 
 Society in the jxipers of Dr. Duv/son, Dr. Cujpentor, Dr. T. Steirv 
 Ituiit, and myself in 1805, additional specimens of PJozoon have been 
 obtained during the explorations of the Geological Survey of Canada. 
 These, as in the case of the specimens first discovered, have been 
 submitted to the examination of Dr. Dawson ; and it will be obsen-ed, 
 from his remarks contained in the paper which is to follow, that 
 one of them has afforded further, and what appears to him con- 
 clusive, evidence of their organic character. The .specimens and 
 remarks have been submitted to Dr. Carpenter, who coincides with 
 Dr. Dawson ; and the object of what I have to say in connexion 
 with these new specimens is merely to point out the localities in 
 which tliey have been procured. 
 
 The most important of these specimens was met with last summei 
 by Mr. G. H. Vennor, one of the assistants on the Canadian Geological 
 Survey, in the township of Tudor and county of Hastings, Canada 
 West, about forty-five miles inland from the north shore of Lake 
 Ontario, west of Kingston. It occurred on the surface of a layer, 
 3 inches thick, of dark-grey micaceous limestone or calc-schist, near 
 the middle of a great zone of similar rock, which is interstratified 
 with beds of yellowish-brown sandstone, grey close-grained siliceous 
 limestone, white coarsely granular limestone, and bands of dark- 
 bluish compact limestone and black pyritiferous slates, to the whole 
 of which Mr. Vennor gives a thickness of 2000 feet. Above this 
 zone are reddish granitic gneiss, and a great thickness of green 
 diorite-slates ; while beneath it are grey and pink dolomites, bluish 
 and greyish mica-slates, grey siliceous whetstone-slate, with whitish 
 brown-weathering dolomites, which often pass into coarse conglo- 
 merates, enclosing a multitude of largo well-rounded masses of 
 gneiss, syenite, and quartzite ; to which succeed whitish highly 
 crystalline limestone, dark-green chlorite-slates, with workable beds 
 of magnetic iron-ore, and at the base red orthoclase felspathic rocks. 
 This series, according to Mr. Vennor's section (which is appended), 
 has a thickness of 2000 feet ; but the possible occurrence of more 
 numerous folds than have yet been detected may hereafter require a 
 considerable reduction. 
 
 These measures appear to be arranged in the form of a trough, to 
 the eastward of which, and probably beneath them, there are rocks 
 resembling those of Grenvillc, from which the former differ con- 
 siderably in lithological character ; and it is therefore supposed that 
 the Hastings series may be somewhat hightn- in horizon than that of 
 
 t2 
 
254 
 
 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIKTY. [May 8, 
 
 (jrcnvillc. From tho village of Madoc, tho zone of limestone which 
 has been particularly alluded to runs to tho eastward on one side of 
 tho trough, in a nearly vertical position into Elzivir, and on the other 
 side to the northward, through the township of Madoc into that of 
 Tudor, partially and unconformably overlain in several places by 
 horizontal beds of Lower Silurian limestone, but gradually spreading, 
 from a diminution of the dip, from a breadth of half a mile to one 
 of four miles. Where it thus spreads out in Tudor it becomes 
 suddenly interrupted for a considerable part of its breadth by an 
 isolated mass of anorthosite rock, rising about 150 feet above tho 
 general plain, and supposed to belong to the unconformable Upper 
 Laurentian, thus showing that the specimens of Eozoon of this 
 neighbourhood, like those previously discovered and described, be- 
 long to the Lower Laurentian series. 
 
 The Tudor limestone is comparatively unaltered ; and, in the spe- 
 cimen obtained from it, the general form or skeleton of the fossil 
 Cconsisting of white carbonate of lime) is imbedded in the limestone 
 without the presence of serpentine or other silicate, th(5 colour of 
 the skeleton contrasting strongly with that of the rock. It does 
 not sink deep into the rock, the form having probably been loose 
 and much abraded on what is now the under part, before being 
 entombed. On what was the surface of the bed, the form presents 
 a well-defined outline on one side ; and in this and the arrangement 
 of the septal layers it has a marked resemblance to the specimen 
 first brought from the Calumet, eighty miles to the north-east, and 
 figured in the ' Geology of Canada,' p. 49 ; while all the forms from 
 the Calumet, like that from Tudor, are isolated, imbedded specimens, 
 unconnected apparently with any continuous reef, such as exists at 
 Grenville and the Petite Nation. It will be seen, from Dr. Dawson's 
 paper, that the minute structure is present in the Tudor specimen, 
 though somewhat obscure ; but in respect to this, strong subsidiary 
 evidence is derived from fragments of Eozoon detected by Dr. Daw- 
 son in a specimen collected by myself from the same zone of lime- 
 stone near the village of Madoc, in which the canal-system, much 
 more distinctly displayed, is filled with carbonate of lime, as quoted 
 from Dr. Dawson by Dr. Carpenter in the Journal of this Society for 
 August 1866. 
 
 In Dr. Dawson's paper mention is made of specimens from Went- 
 wcrth, and others from Long Lake. In both of these localities the 
 rock yielding them belongs to the Grenville seam, or uppermost of the 
 three great bands of limestone nerctofore described as interstratified 
 in the Lower Laurentian series. That at Long Lake, situated about 
 twenty-five miles north of Cote St. Pierre in the Petite-Nation Sig- 
 niory, where the best of the previous specimens were obtained, is 
 in the direct run of the limestone there ; and like it the Long-Lake 
 rock is of a serpentinous character. The locality in Wentworth 
 occurs on Lake Louisa, about sixteen miles north of east from that of 
 the first Grenville specimens, from which Cote St. Pierre is about 
 the same distance north of west, the lines measuring these distances 
 running across several important undulations in, the Grenville baud 
 
 
18G7.] 
 
 LOGAN — EOZOON. 
 
 255 
 
 ; 
 
 
 «V 
 
 ill both directions. The Wentworth specimens are imbedded in a 
 portion of the Grenville band, which appears to have escaped any 
 great alteration, and is free from serpentine, tliough a mixture of 
 serpentine with white crystalline limestone occurs in the band 
 within a mile of the spot. From this grey limestone, which has 
 somewhat the aspect of a conglomerate, specimens have been ob- 
 tained resembling some of the figures given by G Umbel in his 
 • Illustrations ' of the forms met with by him in the Laurentian rocks 
 of Eavaria. 
 
 In decalcifying by means of a dilute acid some of the specimens 
 from Cote St. Pierre, placed in liis hands in 1804-1865, Dr. Car- 
 penter found that the action of the acid was arrested at certain 
 portions of the skeleton, presenting a yellowish-brown surface ; and 
 he showed me, two or three weeks ago, that in a specimen recently 
 given him, from the same locality, considerable portions of the 
 general form remained undissolved by such un acid. On partially 
 reducing some of these portions to a powder, however, we imme- 
 diately observed effervescence by the dilute acid ; and strong acid 
 produced it without bruising. There is little doubt that these por- 
 tions of the skeleton are partially replaced by dolomite, as more 
 recent fossils are often known to be, of which there is a noted in- 
 stance in the Trenton limestone of Ottawa. But the circumstance 
 is alluded to for the puqioso of comparing these dolomitized por- 
 tions of the skeleton with the specimens from Burgess, in which the 
 replacement of the septal layers by dolomite appears to bo the 
 general condition. In such of these specimens as have been exa- 
 mined the minute structure seems to be wholly, or almost wholly, 
 destroyed ; but it is probable that upon a further investigation of 
 the locality some spots will be found to yield specimens in which 
 the calcareous skeleton still exists unreplaced by dolomite ; and I 
 may safely venture to predict that in such specimens the minute 
 structure, in respect both to canals and tubuli, will be found as well 
 preserved as in any of the specimens from Cote St. Pierre, 
 
 It was the general form on weathered surfaces, and its strong 
 resemblance to Stromatopora, which first attracted my attention to 
 Eozoon ; and the persistence of it in two distinct minerals, pyroxene 
 and loganite, emboldened me, in 1857, to place before the Meeting 
 of the American Association for the Advancement of Science sjjt'ci- 
 mens of it as probably a Laurentian fossil. After that, the form 
 was found preserved in a third mineral, serpentine ; and in one of 
 the previous specimens it was then observed to pass continuously 
 through two of the minerals, pyroxene and serpentine. Now we 
 have it imbedded in limestone, just as most fossils are. In every 
 case, with the exception of the Burgess specimens, the general fonn 
 is composed of cai'bonate of lime ; and we have good grounds for 
 supposing it was originally so in the Burgess specimens also. If, 
 therefore, with such evidence, and without tlu; minute stioicture, I 
 was, upon a calculation of chances, disposed to look upon the form 
 as organic in J 857, much more must I so regard it when the chances 
 have been so much augmented by the subseipient accumulation of 
 
2GG 
 
 I'ROCKEDINOS OF THE QEOLOQICAL SOCIETY. [May 8, 
 
 evidence of the same kind, and the addition of the minute struc- 
 ture, a.s described by Dr. Dawson, whoso ol)8ervation8 liave been 
 confirmed and added to by the hi{,'}ioHt Jhitish authority upon the 
 chiss of animals to which the form has ])cen referred, leaves on my 
 mind no room whatever for doubt of its organic character. Objec- 
 tions to it as an organism have been made l)y Professors King and 
 llowney ; but these appear to me to be based upon the supposition 
 that because some parts simulating organic structure are undoubtedly 
 mere mineral arrangement, therefore all parts are mineral. Dr. 
 Dawson has not proceeded upon the opposite supposition, that be- 
 cause some parts are, in his opinion, undoubtedly organic, therefore 
 all parts simulating organic structure are organic ; but he has care- 
 fully distinguished between the mineral and organic arrangements. I 
 am aware, from having supplied him with a vast number of si)ecimen8 
 prepared for the microscope by the lapidary of the Canadian Survey, 
 from a series of rocks of Silurian and Huronian, as well as Lauren- 
 tian age, and from having followed the course of his investigation 
 as it proceeded, that nearly all the points of objection of Messrs. 
 King and llowney passed in review before him prior to his coming 
 to the conclusions which he has published ; and his reply to these 
 objections forms a part of the succeeding paper. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Ascending Section of Laurentian Eochs in the County of Hastings, 
 Canada West. By H. G. Vennor, Esq. 
 
 1. Bed felspathic strata, composed cbiefly of red orthoclase, colourless 
 quartz, and grey or greenish-grey hornblende, running in streaks in some 
 places. The greater part of the mass is coarse-grained ; but tliere occur in 
 it occasional interstratified bands of a pale flesh-red, which are finer in 
 grain ; red htematite in streaks, and iron pyrites in crystjils, are more or 
 less scattered through the mass, which has a probable thickness consider- feet, 
 ablyover • • •• •• ^0^0 
 
 2. Dark-green chlorite slates, associated with masses of greenstone and 
 actinolite-rock, probably in lenticular patches, and interstratified with 
 occasional beds of magnetic iron-ore, of which the Seymour bed, thirty feet 
 thick, is one. Bands of pale flesh-red felsite, or petrosilex, are of occasional 
 occurrence in the mass; and garnets characterize some parts of the chlorite 
 
 3. Whitish highly crystalline limestone, interstratified with three bands 
 of tremolite, and with grey and pinkish dolomites, weathering drab or 
 some shade of yellowish-grejr, presenting beds of from fifteen to forty feet 
 in thickness. Where the limestone adjoins the greenstone of No. 2, the 
 limestone becomes charged with grains of quartz, and more or less inter- 
 stratified with bands of quartz and siliceous or micaceous slates. When 
 the dolomite and greenstone adjoin, the dolomite presents thin layers or 
 segregated veins, composed of calcspar, bitter spar, and small crystals of 
 hornblende, which are characterized occasionally by the occurrence of 
 copper-pyrites, and, on the eighteenth lot of the fifth concession of Madoc, 
 by the presence of gold in considerable quantity, the three-inch belt in 
 which it is enclosed being flanked on each side by soapstone, of which there 
 are occasional beds in the upper part of the mass, some of them four feet 
 
 thick •• ;•• 
 
 4 Grey siliceous or fin© micaceous slates, fit for whetstones, with an 
 interstratified mass of yellowish white dolomite, weathering yellowish 
 
 200 
 
 2200 
 
I 
 
 P% 8, 
 
 nuto striie- 
 
 Jiavo been 
 
 ^ "pon the 
 
 ^^es on my 
 
 ''• Objec- 
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 opposition 
 '^oubtediy 
 ruJ. Dr, 
 
 that be- 
 tlici-efore 
 'as care- 
 oonts. I 
 ecimens 
 Survey, 
 ^aiiren- 
 '^■ation 
 
 doming 
 these 
 
 ngs, 
 
 eet, 
 000 
 
 18()7.J LOGAN — KOZOON. 257 
 
 brown, having a thickness of .sixty feet, unci sopamfcd into betLs by tliin 
 layers of the mica-slat^'s The dolomite beds often pass into conglo- 
 incrnt«H, enelosing a multitude of well-rounded masses of gneiss, syenite, feet, 
 and (juartzite, ranging in diameter from one to twelve inehes 400 
 
 5. Bluisli and greyish niiea-slates, studded in some places with crystals 
 of magnetic oxide of iron, and interstrutilled with an occasional band of 
 ijuartzite , i3(X) 
 
 ('). Grey and pinkish dolomite, weathering brown 100 
 
 7. Grey micaceous limestone or calc-schist, interstnilified with beds of 
 yellowish-brown sandstone, grey impure limestone, white coarsely granular 
 limestotie, and bands of dark-bluish compact limestone and black pyriti- 
 ferous slates. The calc-schist greatly jiredominates, and in Tudor it is c'ut 
 by several N.W. & S.E. lodes, containing galena in eonsidenibli^ quantity, 
 in a matrix of calc-spar and barytes. Near the middle of tiie mass, on tiie 
 surface of a three-inch band of the cislc-schist in Tudor, on the fifteenth 
 lot of the Hastings road-i-ange. east side, was obtained a fossil which 
 Dr. Dawson, after careful exanaimition, pronounces to be Euzoon C'ana- 
 dense 2000 
 
 8 Green diorite-slates, interstratified with beds of fibrous diorite hold- 
 ing iron-pyrites, and with bands of miea-sehist; somewhat below the 
 middle of the mass there occurs a six-feet band of white, highly crystal- 
 line limestone, in which is interstratified a bed of earthy graphite, with a 
 thickness of a foot ; and a three-feet bed of finely granular white iron- 
 pyrites underlies the limestone. These diorite-slates graduate downward.s 
 into miea-slates, which are interstratified with frequent bands resembling 
 serpentine, and some of green and reddish eoar.so soapstono, which has 
 been used for furnace-hearths. These mica-slates graduate into green 
 massive hornblende-rock or amphibolite, the weathered surface of which 
 in some places shows subradiating forms of hornblende. The amphibo- 
 lite finally passes into diorite-slates, composed of the same green horn- 
 blende, with a large admixture of albite. These four groups of rock occupy 
 a breadth of 15,000 feet, standing in a vertical attitude on the east sido of 
 Elzivir ; and as there is reason to suppose that they fold over sharply on 
 them.selves, their volume is estimated at 7500 
 
 9. Reddidh granitic gneiss, the total thickness of which has not been 
 
 ascertained, but is for the present estimated at •• 21f)0 
 
 20,000 
 
 90