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CmpiUdfor the Use of the Montreal VoltmtetT9, MONTREAL: mUTED AND SOLD BY CAMPBELL & BECKET. p Muirt Buildings, Place D'Armet. "^ 1839. .1; * I ^^^■■^ ^V i^'- I0~ .#» INTRODUCTION. Let it he most strongly impressed on the mind of every man who has engaged himself to perform any Military duty, whatever may be his rank, that a prompt and willing obedience to the orders of his superior Officer is the first great principle upon which his usefulness depends, and without which no successful operation can be hoped for. Embodied for the mutual defence of our hves and properties, and for the preservation of the peace of the city, the support of our laws and glorious Constitution, let unanimity and concord be our watch- word, so that when called upon to defend our rights, all may be actuated by that spirit of loyal determination' which will make the Volunteers of the city of Montreal a terror to its enemies. A 2 mf I I. i \' FIELD EXERCISE, &c. PART FIRST. WITHOUT A 11 M 3 . aS. 1. Position of the Soldier* The equal squareness of the shoulders and the body to the front is the first and Pfreat principle of the position of a soldier. The heels must be in a line, and closed ; the knees straight; — the toes turned out, so that the feet may form an angle of sixty degrees ; — the arms hanging close to the body ; the elbows turned in and close to the side;— the hands open to the front, with the view of preserving the elbow in the in- dispensable position, as above described, and thereby of preventing false distances when inarching in line ; — the little fingers lightly touching the seams of the trowsers, with the thumb close to the fore-finger; — the belly rather drawn in, and the breast advanced, but without constraint ; — the body upright, but inclining forward, so that the wei^ght of it may principally bear on the fore part of the feet; — the head to be erect, and the eyes straight to the front. N,B. — The words at the head of para- graphs, which are printed in small type, are A3 the words of command to be given by the instructor. S, 2. Standing at Ease. ' Stand at Ease. On the words Stand at Ease, the right foot is to be drawn back about six inches, and the greatest part of the weight of the body brought upon it ; the left knee a little bent ; the hands brought together before the body; the palms being struck smartly to- gether, and that of the right hand then slipped over the back of the left ; but the shoulders to be kept back and square ; the head to the front, and the whole attitude without constraint. Attention. On the word Attention, the hands are to fall smartly upon the outside of the thighs ; the right heel to be brought up in a lino with the left ; and the proper unconstrained position of a soldier immediately resumed, S. S, Eyes to the Rigid. Eyes Right Eyes Left Eyes Front On the words Eyes Right, glance the eyes to the right with a slight turn of the head. At the words Eyes Lefi, cast the eyes in like manner to the left. On the words Eyes Front, the look and head are to be directly to the front, the habitual position of the soldier. These motions are useful on the wheeling of division':^ —or in closing to a flank, — or when dressing is ordered after a halt; and particular attention must be paid, in the several turnings of the eyes, to prevent the soldier i )y the right nches, of the I little )re the tly to- l then ut the 3; the btitude are to highs ; a lino ;rained med. he eyes 3 head, jyes in s Eyes lirectly of the iivision^^ 3 ordered paid, in le soldier right foot eping the from moving his body, which must be preserved per- fectly square to the front ; but in ail niarciies to the front, tije recruit, at open order, must be taught to ielect ojjects in his front, and to march strai;;ht upon them ; — at close order, the touch, with the preservation of a uniform and proper cadence, must foim his only guide in marching. S, 4. The Facings* In going through the facings, the left heel never quits the ground ; the body must rather incline forward, and the knees be kept straight. To the Rignt, ' lsi% Place the hollow smartly againt the left shoulders square to the froi. 2nd. Raise the toes, and turn co the right on both heels. To the Left, face. 1st. Place the right heel against the hoi. low of the left foot, keeping the shoulders square to the front. 2nd. Raise the toes, and turn to the left on both heels. To the Right about, face. 1st. Place the ball of the right toe against the left heel, keeping the she alders square to the front. 2nd. Raise the toes, and turn to the right about on both heels. 3rd. Bring the right foot smartly back in a line with the left. « * • 1st* Place the right heel against the ball I i of tl)c left toe, keeping the shoulders square to the front. 2n(l. liaise the toes, anc^ turn to tiie left ahout on both heels. 3rd. Firing up the right smartly in a lino with the left. II' ht, or Left, half fare. On the word of command Rh^lit or Lcfl Half Face, each man will make an exact half face, as directed, by drawing back or advancing the right foot one inch, by which the whole will stand individually in echellon. Front When it is intended to resume the original front, the word of command Fronty will be given, and the whole will face, as accurately as possible, to their former front. Right or Left about, three-quarters face. — Front. When it is necessary to perform the diagonal march to the rear, the recruit will receive the word RigJit (ov Left) about three-quarters facBy upon which he brings the ball of the*r!>ht foot (not the ball of the toe) to the left heel, or the right heel to the ball of the left foot, and makes a three-quar- ters face in the given direction. Upon the word Fronts if he has faced to the right, he fronts to the left ; and if he has faced to the left, he fronts to the right. The feet in the f rst of the above motions are to be slipped back or brought forward without a jerk ; tho movement being from the hip, so that the body is kept perfectly steady until faced. The greatest precision must be observed in these facings, for if they are not exactly executed, a body of I '4 iquar^ le left a lino r Left exact ick or which lellon. rio'inal tvill be irately 01 the lit will about brings [ of the , to the j-quar- ion the ^ht, he L to the re to be erk; tho y h kept in these , body of 9 9 mcr, after being properly dressed, will lose their dress- ing en every small movement o" facing. S, 5, Position in Marching, In marching, the soldier must maintain the posiiion of t!ie body as directed in Sect 1, He must be well balanced on his limbs. His arms and hands must be kept perfectly .steady by his sides, and on no account be suffered to move or vibrate ; care i^^^st be taken that the hand does not clin^ to the thigh, or partake in the least degree of the movement of the limb. The body must be kept erect and squar- to the front. The movement of the leg and thigh must spring from, the haunch, and be free and natural. The foot must be raised sufficiently high to clear the ground without grazing ft, carried straight to the front, and, without being drawn back, placed softly on the ground, so as not to jerk or shake the body in the slightest uegree. The head to be kept well up, and straight to the front, and the eyes not to be turned to the right or left. Balance Step. 1st. without g/Tining ground. Caution. Balance step without gaining ground, commencing with the left foot. Front, . ^The left foot is brought gently forward ^^^.^ ^^^ „j^ j^j^^ l^iupci cliigiU tU liitJ iUJl, the foot about three inches from the ground. I 10 the left heel in line with the toe of the right foot. Rear. When steady the left foot is brought gently back (without a jerk), the left knee a little bent, the left toe brought close to the right heel. The left foot in this position will not be so flat as to the front, as the toe will be a little depressed. Front.— Halt. When steady, the word Front will be given as above, and repeated to the Rear three or four times ; to prevent the recruits being fatigued, the word Halt will be given, when the left foot, either advanced, or to the rear, will be brought to the right. The instructor will afterwards make the recruit balance upon the left foot, advancing and retiring the right in the same manner. 2dly. gaining gkound by the word forward, Front. On the word Front, the left foot is brought gently to the front without a jerk ; the knee to be gradually straightened as the foot is brought forward, the toe turned out a little to the left and remaining about three inches from the ground. In this posture he re. mains for a few seconds only in the first instance, till practice has steadied him in the position. Forward. On this word of command, the left foot is brought to the ground, at 30 inches from heel to heel, while theritrht foot is raised at 1. le right t gently a little le right ^ill not ill be a e given hree or ; being I, when le rear. ; recruit ring the )RWARD, rough t le knee foot is a little inches he re. le first bim in foot is s from ised at it the same moment, and continues extended to the rear The body remains upright, hut inchning forwards; the head Uct, and neither turned to the right nor left. Front. On the word Front, the right ^oot is brought forward, and so or. /S. C. Slow Step, March. On the word March, the loft foot is carried 30 inches to the front, and without being drawn back is placed softly on the ground so as not to jerk or shake the body : the re. cruit IS to be taught to take 75 of these steps in a minute. ^ instructed in tins step, as an rssen.ial foundation for arnv.ng at accuracy i„ ,|,e paces of more cderitrXi L IS the slowest step at wl,iel. troops are to move. S. 7. The Halt. nait. On the word Halt, let the rear foot be brought upon a line with the advanced one. so as to hnish the step which was being taken when the command was given. •S". 8. Stepping Short. Step Short Forwanl. .On the word Step Short, the foot advanc ing will finish Its pace, and afterwards each recruit will step as far as the ball of his toe and no farther, until the word Forward be given when the usual pace of So inches is tojic taKen. ihis step is useful wLen a momentary retardment of '■:!if B ^ I cither a battalion in line, or of a division in column, • »hall be required. » S. 9. Marking Time, Mark Time Forwaid. On the words Mark Time, the foot then advancing completes its pace, after which the cadence is continued, without gaining any ground, but alternately throwing out the loot and bringing it back square with the other. At the word Forward, the usual pace of 30 inches will be taken. This step is necessary when a column, division, &c on the inarch, has to wait ibr the coming up of others. S. 10. The Side or Closing Step. The side or closing step is performed from the halt in quick time, by the following commands: Hight Close-^Quick March, Left Close — Quick March, Right. Close, Quick March Halt. In closing to the right, on the word Quick March, eyes are turned to the right, and each man carries his right foot about 10 inches directly to his right (or, if the files are closed, to his neighbour's left foot), and instantly brings up his left foot, till the heel touches his right heel, and proceeds to take the next step in the same manner ; tlio whole with perfect precision of time, shouU ; ders kept square, knees not bent, and in the true line on which the body is formed. At ' V-.*' »»v*^ j,j.uiiy ific wnuie nait turn tneir 4 m » column^ )t then which gaining 3ut the th the usual ion, &C. f others. dfrom lowing Quick t, and ut 10 e files ), and eheel 3 take ; the shouU in the . At their a 13 eyes to the front, and are perfectly steady. (Vide S. 33.) ^ • ^ Note —In closing on rough or broken ground the knees must necessarily be bent, iS. 11. Changing the Feet. Change Feet. To change the feet in marching, the ad- vanced foot completes its pace, the ball of the other is brought up quickly to the heel of the advanced one, which instantly makes another step forward, so that the cadence may not be lost. This may be required of an individual, who is step, ping with a different foot from the rest of his division • m doing which he will in fact take two successive steps with the same foot. ^ S. U. The Quick Step. The cadence of the slow pace having be- come perfectly habitual to the recruits, they are now to be taught to march in quick time, which IS 108 steps in a minute, each of 30 inches, making 270 feet in a minute. Quick March. ^ The command Quick March, being given, with a pause between them, the word Quick IS to be considered as a caution, and the whole to remain perfectly steady. On the word March, the whole move off, conforming to the directions given in Sec. 5. After the recruit is peviectly grounded in marching to the front in quick time, all the alterations of step, as above, for slow time, must be practised in the quick time. i ** This IS iha rko/tA ««tI>:^U ...III U- _ ». i .„ ^„^ ^^„^e ^niv;n wm ue appned generally to all movements by large as well as small bodies of troops ; B X i. !• and therefore the recruit must be trained and thorough* }y instructeil in this essential part of his duty, S. 13. The Double March. The directions for the March, in the preceding section, apply in a great degree to this step, which is 150 steps in the minute, each of 36 inches, making 450 feet in a mmute. Double MarcH, ■. On the word Double March, the whole step off together with the left feet ; keeping the heads erect, and the shoulders square to the front ; the knees are a little bent ; the body is more advanced than in the other marches ; the arms hang with ease down the outside of the thigh. The instructor will be careful to habituate the recruit to the full puce of 36 inches, otherwise, he will get into the habit of a short trot, which would defeat the obvious advantages of this degree of march. Halt. As directed in Section 7. The word March, given singly, at all times denotes that slow time is to be taken ; when the Quicky or Double March is meant, the words Quick, or Double, nB a caution, will precede the word March, The great advantage attending the constant use of the plummet must be obvious ; and the several lengths swinging the times of the different marches in a minute, are as follows : . In. Hun. Mow time 75 steps in a minute 24, 96 Quick time 108 12, 03 Double March 150 '' ." 6,' 26 ' A musket-ball suspended by a airing which is not subject to stretch, and on which are marked the differ- 1 thorough^ r- in the t degree minute, eet in a e whole keeping quare to snt ; the le other town the 3tor will > the full get into d defeat Jgree of IS denotes Quicky or r Double, nt use of al lengths a minute^ n. Hun* ?4, 96 12,03 6,26 ich is not he differ- ;I 15 ent required lengths, will answer the above purpose, may be easily required, and should be frequently com- pared with an accurate standard in the adjutant's possession. The length of the plunnmet is to be measured from the point of suspension to the centre of the ball. S. 14. Dressing when halted. Dres8, Dressing is to be taught equally by the left as by the right. On the word Dress, each individual will cast his eyes to the point to which he is ordered to dress, with a slight turn of the head, but preserving the should- ers and body square to their front. The whole person of the man must move as may be necessary, and bending backward or for- ward is not to be permitted. He must take short quick steps, thereby gradually and exactly to gain his position, and on no ac count be suffered to attempt it by any sud- den or violent alteration, which must infal- libly derange whatever is beyond him. The faces of the men, and not their breasts or feet, are the line of dressing. Each man is to be able just to distinguish the lower part of the face of the second man beyond him. In dressing, the eyes of the men are always turned to the officer who gives the word Dress; and who is post- ed at the point by which the body halts ; and who from that point corrects his men, on a point at or beyond his opposite flank. The faults to be avoided, and generally committed by the soldier in dressing, are, passing the line ; tho *iva,w iwvy luiMuiQ, tinu uuuy kept back; the siiouiuer* not square ; the head turned too much. b2 'I* ,1 1 * I • ill 16 S. 15. File Marching. Toihe Face. The recruits must first face, and then be instructed to cover each other exactly in file, so that the head of the man immediately be- fore may conceal the heads of all the others in his front. The strictest observance of all the rules for marching is particularly necessary in marching by files, which is first • to be taught at the slow time, and afterwards m quick time. March. On the word 3Ifirch, the whole are im. mediately to step off together, gaining at the first step 30 inches, and so continuing each step without increasing the distance betwixt each recruit, every man locking or placing his advanced foot on the ground, before the spot from whence his preceding man had taken up his. No looking down, nor lean- mg backward, is to be suffered on any pre- tence whatever. The leader is to be direct- ed to march straight forward on some dis- tant objects given him for that purpose, and the recruits made to cover one another dur- mg the march, with the most scrupulous exactness : great attention must be paid to prevent them from opening out and losing their compact formation. S. 16. Wheeling of a single Rank, in Slow Time, from the Halt. Right '^heel.--March.-.Hall:, Dress.— Eyes front. At the word, Hight Wheel, the man on 4 I then be ;ly in file, lately be- le others vance of tieularly 3h is first terwards are im- \g at the ng each betwixt placing fore the lan had or lean- my pre- 5 direct- me dis- use, and ler dur- upulous paid to 1 losing 'n Slow ont. nan on 17 the right of the rank faces to the right ; on the word March, they step off together, the whole turning their eyes to the left (the wheeling or outward flank), except the man on the left of the rank, who looks inwards, and, during the wheel, becomes a kind of base line for the others to conform to, and maintain the uniformity of front. The out- ward wheeling man steps the usual pace of SO inches, the whole observe the same time, but each man shortening his step in propor- tion as he is nearer to the standing flank on which the wheel is made. During the wheel, the whole remain closed to the stand- ing flank; that is, they touch, without incommoding their neighbour ; they must ' not stoop forward, but remain upright ; opening out from the standing flank is to be avoided; closing in upon it, during the wheel, is to be resisted. On the word, 77^://^, Dress, each man halts immediately, without pressing forward. The dressing being com- pleted, the squad receives the command Eyes front. When the recruits are able to perform the wheel with accuracy in the slow time, they must be practised iu quick time. Nothing will tend sooner to enable the recruit to acquire the proper length of step, according to his distance from the pivot, than continuing the wheel without halting for several revolutions jf the circle, and also giving the word Halt, Dress, at instants not ex- pected, and when onlv a 6th. 8th. or nnv smaller «rft- portion of the cir,cle is completed. . b3 i 18 S. 17. Wheeling backwards, a single Rank. On .h. HlKh(. backward, Wheel.-Quick M«rch._HaIt._Dre» jV/ieel. the man on the right of the rank faces to his left Atthewo?d QuickMarch, the whole step backward in quick time, dress! ing by the outward wheeling man ; those nearest the pivot making their steps extremely small, and those towards the wheeling man increasing them as they are placed nearer r,.f r*, P" '■f''"^' ^" t^Js ^heel must not bend forward, nor be suffered to look down ; but, by casting his eyes to the wheeling flank, preserve the dressing of the rank. On the word //«//, the whole remain fZ% I !-ff i^' ''•" ^°°'^'"^ *« the wheel, ing flank till they receive the word Dress. w^t irihi" f '""■'^ ^^ ^''' P™"^^'' «<• «''«el back- wards at the slow step; and at all times it will l>« necessary to prevent ti,^,., from hur yinrtl e Pace an error so d ers are verv liahlo i,x Coii • V" • P^,"" > "" wheeling backwards^ '"'"' P'"-"'^"l«^'y « S. 18. Changing the Direction In the ^l^eel of a single Rank on a moveable rtoot. Eigit (or I„ft) Shoulders forward—Forward. When the rank is marching to the front ekherVt''^'' ''^ •'^^''^"^^ '^ direction" either flank, ,t receives the word Right for Left) Shoulders forward : upon which the outward file of the named flank continues to step out at the full nar^o, ^^A *},„ . v ? ^ performed (according to tLpl^d^^^^^^^^ planned in Section I7) upon the inSer fik rfe Rank. Halt — Dress, ickward$ the rank h Marc\ ne, dress- n ; those xtremely ling man d nearer eel must I to look : to the ig of the e remain 3 wheel- Dress. heel back- it will be ' pace ; an icularly in hy the wveable le front, ction i ^^ht (or lich the inues to >iiuei IS iple ex- mer file i n 19 of the other flank, which brings the shoulder gradually round,_and gaining ground suffi. cient to circle round the wheeling poine (where such is given), marks time, until it receives the word Forivard ; but the wheel on the moveable pivot is always made at the same time at which the body may be moving. I he commmander gives the word Forward jvhen he sees that the rank has gained the front on which he intends it to move in a perpendicular direction. S. 19. Diagonal March. nhU (or Left) half face_March_Halt. Fro„t.-Rigbt (or Left) Half turn — Front turn. This inarch will be coinmonced from tlio halt, by givin^r the command liiffht or (Left) half face as described in Section 4. and on the word March, the men move on the dia" gonal lines upon which they are individually mi^r ' ^'^^.'T'g'"^! front is resumed When the squad is marchinir to the <'ront and ,t IS desired to take an oblique direction, the word mght (or Lef) half turn is given and the men move as above prescribed,-^ and when It is intended to mo.; to the ori. ginal front without halting, the word Front £dv tofw' ^''^".--'^h man will tmn Ws When the movemenf, i« r^or^c^r^r-^^ji ^. xt,^ During the diagonal march the leading flank will be 20 the pivot for the time being ; for instance, when a squad or company is moving by the right lialf turn, the right- hand man must pay particular attention to the length of pace, and to move perpendicular to the line he took up when he made his halt' turn, as the accuracy of his movement may assist very much in preserving the division in its proper position. The other files must be careful that their right arms do not get beyond the centre of the men's backs who precede them in echellon ; and if they keep this position, their right feet will just clear the left of the preceding file. WITH ABMS. & I S. €0. Position of the Soldier. When the firelock is shouldered, the per- son of the soldier remains in the position descrihed under the head of Close Order, except that the wrist of the left hand is turned a little out, the better to embrace the butt, the firelock is placed in the hand, with the two first joints of the fingers grasping the inside of the butt, the thumb alone to appear in front. The piece must be carried at the full length of the ar-n, the butt a little forward, the fore part no V even with that of the thigh ; the hind , rt of it lightly touchinir the thigh, when stationary, without being- in the least degree affected by it when in --....1.11. ^xiv. iiiciuck wiik rest upon the hollow of the shoulder, and be held firm and steady. 'lien a squad ri, the right- y the length line he took uracy of his ^serving the files must be beyond the in echellon; t-et will just er. the per- position e Order, is turned butt, the I the two le inside ppear in t the full forward, i of the touching being- in tvhen in pon the arm ancj i m S.91. Open Order. Rear Rm,k, take Open Or(l..r.-.Marrh. The recruits being formed in two ranks at close order, on th. word Rear rS take Open Order, the flank men on he right and left of the rear rankTtep brisSy rear ratk ?^?'^^ T^'^ ^" ^^^'''^^ the every other individual remains ready to f^onTan^n/'^' -ord ilW, the dSse ^ S. S^. Close Order. Rear linnlc, take Close Order—March o5."r mIT? ^'"r^^^^' Mce Close Vider, the whole rema n perfectly stonrlr . :ne%r' """'"' ^^^ -nk doiefa^ 'S'. 23. THE MANUAL EXERCISE. 1st. Secure Arms. sC;!^ *° '^' ""'^''^' ^^«P'"g the firelock anfseiz?^? *J' ,^"," ^^'^ ^^^ !«« hand. diiU seize the tirfArxn\r n-^U -V . ,, , • brino-inrrfl, ii^"' i""* ^'" ^"^ ^^ the swell, caSuf * • !'• r"^ "'"'" '^"^^ "P°" the lock caretully avoiding to raise or lower the ehoulder ; the right hand kept fast in this motion, and the piece still upright. 3rd. Quit the right hand, giving the pieco a cant with the fore-fingers, and bring it down to your right side, bringing the fire- lock down to the secure^ under the left arm, the elbow thrown a little to the rear, the guard just visible, the thumb on the sling, the fingers grasping the barrel, and the hand rather below the hip bone. 2 appear 4tb. Fix Bayonets. 1st, At the word Fij;, place the thumb of the right hand, as quick as possible, behind the barrel. 2nd. As soon as the word of command is fully given, take a gripe of the firelock, and push the muzzle a little forward, grasping the bayonet with the leff hand, the elbow kept well forward so as not to interfere with the left-hand man, and fixing it with the utmost celerity. The instant this is done, return, as quick as possible, to the order, as above described, and stand perfectly ^eady. 6th, Should'jr Arms. 1st. As soon as the word Shoulder 13 given take a gripe of the firelock with the right hand, as in fixing bayonets. 2nd. At the last word, Arms, the firelock must be thrown, with the right hand, in one motion, and with as little appearance of effort as possible, into its proper position on the left shoulder. The hand crosses the body in so doing, but must instantly be withdrawn. 6th. Present Arms. 1 St. Seize the firelock with the right hand, under the guard, turning the lock to the front, but without moving it from the shoulder. 2nd. Raise the firelock up from the shoulder to the poise, by placing the left hand Tsmartlv an^^ witli a foin „rx^« ^i,^ shng, fingers pointing upwards ; the wrist upon the guard, and the point of the left 24 •^!:i ■ thumb of equal height with, and pointing to, the left eye : the piece to be kept per- pendicular in this position, the left elbow close to the butt, and right elbow close to the body. 3rd. Bring down the firelock with a quick motion, as low as the right hand will admit without constraint, making it tell with the left hand, drawing back the right foot at the same instant, so that the hollow of it may touch the left heel. The firelock in this position, with tho guard to the front, to be totally supported in the left hand, and opposite to the left thigh ; the right hand lightly holding the small of the butt ; the fingers pointing rather downwards ; the body to rest entirely on the left foot ; both knees straight. 7 th. Shoulder Arms. 1st. By a turn of the right wrist, bring the firelock to its proper position on the left shoulder, making the motion tell, the left hand grasping the butt, and bringing up the right foot at the same instant to its original position. 2nd. Quit the right hand briskly, and bring it down to the right sido. 8th. Port Arms. At one motion throw the firelock from the shoulder across the body, meeting it smartly with both hands at the same instant, to a diagonal position, in which the lock is to be turned to the front, and at the height of the breast ; the muzzle slanting upwards, so A pointing ^ept per- ft elbow close to 1 a quick ill admit with the ot at the f it may in this it, to be nd, and ^ht hand utt ; the is ; the >t ; both 3t, bring I the left the left ging up t to its ^Ay, and from the smartly lit, to a is to be it of the irds, so 25 that the barrel may cross opposite the point of the left shoulder, with the butt propor- tionably depressed. The right hand grasps the small of the butt, and the left holds the piece at the swell, close to the lower pipe ; the thumbs of both hands pointing towards the muzzle ; both elbows close to the body, the fingers of the left hand between the stock and barrel, 9th. Charge Bayonets. Make a half-face to the right, the right toe straight off to the right, and the left toe full to the front, and bring down the firelock to nearly a horizontal position, with the muzzle inclining a little upwards, and the right wrist resting against the hollow of the thigh below the hip. lOth. Shoul'ler Arms. 1st. Throw the firelock up to its proper position on the left shoulder, the left hand falling smartly on the butt, and grasping it, and at the same instant coming to your pro- per front. ^ ' ^Snd. Quit the righ^. hand smartly, and bring it down to the right side, llth. Advance Arms. 1st. Seize the firelock with ti ; right hand under the guard, turning the lock to the front, but without moving it from the shoulder. 2nd. Raise the firelock up from the shoulder to the poise, by placing the left hand upon the sling, fingers pointing up- wards, the wrist upon the guard, and the fif ! i:.a ii: •ijj) 26 point of the left thumb of equal height with, and pointing- to, the left eye ; the piece to be kept perpendicular in this position. ^ 5rd.^ Bring the firelock down to the right side with the right hand as low as it will admit without constraint, at the same lime striking it smartly with the left hand at the swell, the guard between the thumb and fore-finger of the right hand, the three last lingers under the cock, with the ffuard to the front. ^ 4th. Quit the left hand. 12th. Order Arms, Ibt, At this word the left hand is brought smartly across the body, and seizes the fire- lock, with the fore-finger in line with the point of the right shoulder. Snd. Bring the firelock down as low as the left arm will admit, to the right side; ^ at the same time let the right ha;id seize the * top of the ramrod, between the second joint of the fore-finger and thumb, the whole of the fingers shut in the hand. 3rd. Let the firelock drop on the ground, and the right hand be smartly brought to the position of ordered arms, quitting the left hand short away, at the same instant. 13th. Advance Arms, Ist. At the word Advance, the thumb of the right hand is slipt quickly in rear of the barrel. , At the word Arms, it is brought to the advance by a sharp cant of the right hand; the left arm is brought across the body, to ~vv«.v^j luKi niuiuck TO me snoulder. * *• eight with, le piece to lition. o the right as it will same lime and at the humb and > three last J guard to IS brought !S the fire- with the as low as ight side j I seize the 3ond joint whoJe of e ground, nought to tting the instant. thumb of i rear of it to the it hand; body, to ^ ^7 2nd. Quit the left hand. 14th. Slioulder Arms, ^ 1st. Bring up the left hand, and seize the piece at the swell, raising it about one inch ; at the same instant slip the thumb of the right hand under the cock, by a turn of the right wrist. 2nd. Throw it smartly to its proper posi- tion on the left shoulder, the left hand falling smrrtly on the butt, grasping it. " 3rd. Quit the right hand, and bring it to the right side. ^ JV.A In these motions great care must he taken to 15th. Support Arms. 1st. Seize the small of the butt, under the lock, with the right hand, the thumb pointing upwards. 2nd. Bring the left arm under the cock. Srd. Quit the right hand. 16th. Stand at Ease. ^ At this word of command, the right hand IS brought smartly across the body, and seizes the firelock at the small of the butt close up under the left arm, with the thumb of the right hand pointing upwards, the right foot drawn back, the left knee bent, and the firelock a little sloped. I7tli. Attention. _ At this word of command the right hand IS dropped smartly to the right side, and the right toot brought in line with the left. c2 §1 III iiii I iff 28 18th. Carry Arms. left inf l''-!.!'!^ '"^-^l °f *^« ^"" «nder the i J 'c '* "'^ "gr'it hand. ♦T. ^"^- ^^artly place the left hand CTasDin or com- are to be on the right, and will carry their arm« advanced with bayonets fixed/ "°^ I S. 24. Platoon Esercise, and different Firings. of S^Tff""' ?^^'"^ " i^ormgh knowledge ot the different motions of the firelocfc t^ LuThVthe'pi^""^' ^^^.^"•-' '^S S taught he Platoon Exercise as follows •— . ii^ight or ten recruits being formed 'in a nreiocKs, will be thus taught to fire befnro they are formed in two ranks. " ah ! ^ ^™"' '■'^"k standino^. ^nd. As a rear rank standing. . f™' ^' "" fr""t J-ank kneeling. 4th. As a rear rank kneeling! A3 a Front Rank._Prime and Load. fni1'„ K^"" ^l'^ '^°'«'nand. make a quarter tne lett hand at the swell thp pIKnw „i • front of the left bin *';^"'.^,"\eIbow close m the nvL vf- ,V Pl'''^ side-brass touching !,i! "#• ^'P' ^''^ thumb of the ri^ht hand p-aced m front of the steel with the finT^ clenched and wrist a little turned out^Z firelock nearly horizontal. "'' *^® f^ So mP"*^ *^® P^" *'J^ closing the elbow to the side fingers straight along the lock plate pointing towards iL muzz"?. ''"'' i'^ i ImM iili ! 3^ Handle Cartridge. 1st. Draw the cartridge from the pouch. 2nd. Bring it to the mouth, holding it hetween the fore-finger and thumb, and bite off the top of the cartridge. Prime, 1st. Shake some powder into the pan, and place the three last fingers on the steel. 2nd. Shut the pan by closing the elbow. 3rd. Seize the small of the butt with the aibGve three fingers. *Bout. 1st. Turn the piece nimbly round to the loading position, meeting the muzzle with the heel of the right hand, the butt within two inches of the ground, and the flat of it against the left ancle : at the same time bring up the right shoulder to the front, and square the heels. • ^ , ^ 2nd. Place the butt on the ground with- out noise, raise the elbow square with the shoulder, shake the powder into the barrel, putting in after it the paper and the ball, after which the fingers are straight, with the second joint of the fore-finger resting on the head of the ramrod and thumb pointing downwards, elbow square with the shoulder. In this position each recruit must feel the guard against the centre of the left shin, the thumb of the left hand pressed against the icentre, and in front of the left thigh, the muzzle of the firelock to be brought in front 01 the Dreasi-piait?, auu luc uaA*&A -w vu^^ front. Ill' I! poucft. (ling it iXid bite an, and eel. elbow, ^ith the d to the de with fc within lat of it ae time ont, and id with- vith the 5 barrel, the ball, with the g on the pointing houlder. feel the shin, the linst the igh, the : in front 1 to the I Srd. Drop the right elbow close to the body, and seize the head of the ramrod with the second joint of the fore-finger and thumb. Draw Ramrods. 1st. Force the ramrod half out, and seize it back-handed exactly in the middle, with the elbow square with the shoulder. 2nd. Draw it entirely out with a straight arm above the shoulder, turning it at the same time to the front, put it one inch into the barrel ; the ramrod is thus held between the two fore-fingers and thumb, with the two last fingers shut in the hand. Ram down Cartridge. 1st Push the ramrod down, holding it as before exactly in the middle till the second finger touches the muzzle, elbow close. 2nd. Press the ramrod lightly towards you, and slip the two fore-fingers and thumb to the point, then grasp it as before. 3rd. Push the cartridge well down to the bottom. 4th. Strike it two very quick r^rokes with the ramrod. Return Ramrods. 1st. Draw the ramrod half out, catching it back-handed, with the elbow square. 2nd. Draw it entirely out with a straight arm above the shoulder, turning it to the front ; put it into the loops, and force it as quickly as possible to the bottom, the fore- fin o'er and thumb holding the ramrod as in the position immediately previous to drawing it, and after a pause of one pace of the slow [■ ' ■ ft ^ijiljj III m 3i time bring ttie firelock with one motion, to the same position as at the word prime and load, at the same time resuming the half face to the right, and carrying the right foot diagonally to the rear. As Front Rank* Kcady. Place the thumb of the right hand on the cock, and fingers behind the guard, and cock the piece ; then take a gr^o^) of the butt, fixing the eye steadily upon some object in front. Psent. Bring the firelock up to the present slowly and independently until in line with the object the eye had fixed upon ; then pull the trigger without a jerk, and when fired, re- main looking on the aim until the word load is given. Too much pains cannot be taken to pre- vent the recruit from raising his firelock with a jerk, it must be deliberately raised until aligned with the object that the eye is fixed upon, and so that he may lay the right cheek on the butt without too much stooping of the head ; particular care must be taken that the recruit in this position shuts the left eye in taking aim, looking along the barrel with the right eye from the breech- pin to the muzzle. Load. Bring down the firelock to the priming position, and take hold of the cock with the thumb and fingers behind the guard, and Lotion to 'iyne and the half ight foot (i on the ird, and ^ of the ae object nt slowly rvith the pull the fired, re- cord load a to pre- firelock ly raised he eve is the right stooping be taken huts the long the breech- primiiig with the oird, and S5 draw it back to the half cock ; the loading will be performed as before directed* Shoulder Arms. Seize the small of the butt and place the firelock on the left shoulder, bringing the shoulders and heels square to the front. As Bear Bank. Beady. ' Make a half face to the right, which will bring the left toe direct to the front, and step with the right foot as far to the right as will bring the right toe of each man close to the toes of the left foot of his right-hand man and pointing to the right ; at the same time bring down the firelock to the right side, seizing it with the left hand at the swell ; the side-brass to be four inches above the right hip, and cock the firelock, fixing the eye on some object in front, as before directed. P'sent. Bring up the firelock to the present slowly and independently, and pull the trigger when the object is covered, as before direct- ed for front rank. Load. Bring down the firelock to the position described for making ready as rear rank, and half cock, as before directed. Handle Cartridge. As before directed. Prime. As before directed. w «v',l ! . 'I ■ i* 36 •Bout. Turn the piece nimbly round to the load- ing position, meeting the muzzle with the heel of the right hand, butt within two inches of the ground, and the flat of it against the inside of the left ancle, bringing the right shoulder square to the front, and keeping the right foot fast. 2nd. Place the butt on the ground with- out noise, inside the hollow of the left foot, and proceed as before directed. Draw Rnmrods. As before directed. R^m down Cartridge. As before directed. Return Ramrods. As before directed, and after a pause of one pace of slow time, bring the firelock to the position of prime and load, resuming the right half face. TO FIRE KNEELING. As Front Rank kneeling. Ready. Sink down smartly on the right knee, which is to be drawn back about six inches from the left heel, the left leg to be perpen- dicular, the head and body erect, the fire- lock to be brought down to the priming posi- tion, the side-brass in line with the haunches ; then cock the niece, and Drasn the small nf the butt, at the same time fixing the eyes steadfastly on some object in front. I the load- with the hin two at of it bringing •ont, and nd with- left foot, pause of clock to [ning the bt knee, ix inches 5 perpen- the fire- ing posi- lunches ; small of the eyes I 37 PWnt. Raise the firelock slowly until in line with the object, and fire as already directed for front rank standing. Lond.— Handle Cartridge— Prime. As before directed. 'Bout. With the lefi hand pass the firelock round in front of the left knee, and bring it to the left side close to the thigh, the butt to the rear, the sling upwards, the muzzle about throe inches farther back than the left knee. Loud Draw Ramrods— Ram down Cartridge.— Return Ramrods. As before directed, and bring the tirelock round in front of the left knee to the priming position by shifting it through the left hand. N. B. When the word Order Arms is given, the men are to spring up to tlie standing position, bringing the firelock to the order. As Rear Rank kneeling. Ready. Sink down smartly on the right knee, which is to be drawn back about six inches diao-onally to the right of the left heel ; the left^leg to be perpendicular, the head and body erect, the firelock to be brought down to the priming position, the side-brass four inches above the haunches ; then cock the piece and grasp the small of the butt, at the same time fixing the eyes steadfastly on SUliilJ UUJC^^L 111 XXKJill* P 'sent.— Load Handle Cartridge— Prime. ' As before directed. D 1 i t I'i'H 4 m:i 38 'Bout. Turn the body to the right and lean to the rear, and with the left hand reverse the firelock, bringing the butt to the front, the sling upwards, the muzzle about the same height as the right elbow. The recruits being thoroughly grounded in the foregoing instructions, raay now be practised in two ranks at dose order, in the different firings as a comj^any in h'ne, as a wing of a battalion, as a battalion firing a volley, file firing, SiC. &c. From twenty to thirty files may noiv be formed into two ranks at close order, with 'shouldered arms and fixed bayonets. As a Company, Prime and Load. The front rank and rear rank as described in the foregoing directions, each man doing his motions with the greatest celerity, and as correctly as shewn in slovy time ;' after shutting the pan, and placing the hand on the small of the butt, the right-hand man will, as soon as he hears the division has done, cast about, the division taking *he time from him; after casting about, each man w^ill load and work his ramrod, as shewn in slow time, but the motions to be done with- out pause between them. After retumingramrods, the whole remain perfectly steady, with the fore-finger and thumb grasping the head of the ramrod, and after a pause of one slow pace, come to the priming position. Company. This serves as a caution only. Ready. As shewn before, both ranks keeping the feet fast. 39 i lean to »^erse the ront, the he same ;d in the 3 fik,: iir 42 bayonet will be about the height of a horse's nose. The third rank make ready as a rear rank, with this difference ; they will carry the right foot only six inches to the right ; the fourth rank make ready as rear rank ; in this the kneeling ranks do not cock, the two standing ranks will commence file firing at the close of the Preparative, or at the words commence Firing, — and at the close of the General, or at the words Cease firing, they will load, and come to the front with ordered arms (at the right side), and shoul- der by word of command, with the kneeling ranks who will also shoulder from the right side ; the kneeling ranks may be fired if necessary, for which the Commander will give the words Kneeling Ranks, ready, p'sent,^ and which they do as directed in the foregoing instruction ; then with a quick motion bring the firelock down to resist cavalry as before, and remain perfectly steady till the word Load is given. N. B. — When the word Load is given, after firing in a square, the kneeling ranks will load as front ranks. >S'. 25. Turning on the March. Right Turn — Left Turn. Turning on the 3Iarch, in order to con- tinue it, is necessary when companies, or their divisions, are moving in file, and that, without halting, it is eligible to make them move on in front ; or when moving in front, it is nroner without halfino' to tyiaIcp flipm move on in file. L horse's a rear 11 carry J right; r rank ; ock, the le firing • at the he close e firings >nt with d shoul- cneeling le right fired if der will ready, d in the a quick resist y steady r firing in t ranks. to Con- nies, or nd that, ^e them In front, ie them f 43 Right About, turn.— Left About, turn. — ^Forward. I This movement is applicable to companies whereby the front is changed on the march without halting. On the word Turrit each individual soldier, without changing step, or cadence, comes to the right or left about on his own ground, and in his own person per- forming the movement in the time prescribed 1'. chree distinct paces, then marking time ti- he receives the word Forward, when he resumes the full pace to the front. Strong taps of the drum, regulated by the plummet, will be given immediately before the word March, to imprint the required measure on the mind of the le- cruit ; but the w ords lefty right, are never to be used. M S, 26. Open and Close OrdeVy on the March. ' I- - * Hear Rank, take Opeii Order. The squad, when moving to the front in. slow time, receives the words Rear Rank, take Opeii Order ; on which the front rank continues its march, without altering the pace, and the rear rank marks the time, one pace, and steps ofi* at the second step. , Rear Rank take Close Order. ^ I On the w^ords Rear Rank, take Close ^ Order, the rear rank steps nimbly up to close order, and instantly resumes the pace at which the front rank has continued to march. S* 27. March in File to a Flank, Tbp! accui'acv of the march in filft is so _ ^. _ _ _ essential in all countermarches, file move- itil li'i "f'l 44 ments/and all deployments from close column, that the recruit cannot be too much exercised in it. To the - faccy March-. After Facing, and at the word March, the whole squad steps off at the same instant, each replacing, or rather overstepping, the foot of the man before him ; that is, the right foot of the second man comes within the left foot of the first, and thus of every one, more or less overlapping that of his preceding man. The front rank will march straight along the given line ; each soldier of that rank must look along the necks of those before him, and never to right or left, otherwise a waving of the march will take place, and, of course, the loss and ex- tension of the line and distance, Mhenever the body returns to its proper front. The men of the rear rank must regulate them- selves by their leaders of the front rank, and always dress in their file. Although file marching is- in general made in quick time, yet it must also be practised and made in slow time. The same position of feet, as above, takes place in all marching in front, where the rear rank is dosed, and locked up. ft The Instructor must take care that every man takes at once his full length of pace at the word March. S. 28. Wheeling in File. Squad._Right Wheel LeftWheeh- 1 lie squaa, wne» marchmg m iiie must^ be accustcMned to wheel its bead to either S tion flank ; each file following successively, with- out losing or increasing distance. On this occasion, each file makes its separate wheel on a pivot moveable in a very small degree, but without altering its time of march. The front-rank men, whether they are pivot men or not, must keep up to their distance, and the wheeling men must take a very extended step, and lose no time in moving on. * The head of a company marching in file, must change direction in the same manner on tlie moveable pivot, by gradual!}' gaining the new from the old direction, and thefeby avoiding the sudden stop that otherwise would take place. S. 29. WlteeUng forward from the Halt. Right Wheel Quick March Halt. The directions already given for tho" wheeling of a single rank (vide Sect. 16) are to be strictly atten ' d to in this wheel of the squad. On the words Right (or Left) Wheel, the rear rank if, at one pace dis- tance, locks up. At the words Quick March^ the whole step together in quick time, and tue rear rank, during the wheel, inclines so as to cover the proper front-rank men. At the word Halt, the whole remain perfectly steady. S, 30. Wheeling backward. The squad must be practised in wheeling backward in quick time. In this wheel, the ranks may preserve the distance of one pace from each other. Great attention should be paid, to prevent the recruits from fixing their eyes on the ground. (Vide Sec- tion 17.) ^; ..-ir 46 OF THE COMPANY. S. 31. Formation of the Compantf. The recruit being thoroughly grounded in all the preceding parts of the drill, is now to be instructed in the movements of the company, as a more immediate preparation for his joining the battalion ; for this pur- pose from 10 to 20 files are to be assembled, formed, and told off, in the following man- ner, as a company in the battalion. The company falls in at close order, with shouldered arms, the files lightly touching, but without crowding ; each ma-n will then occupy a space of about 21 inches. The commander of the company takes post on the right of the front rank, covered by a Ser- jeant in the rear rank. The other Serjeants will form a third, or supernumerary rank, three paces from the rear rank. When a company is thus singly formed with its officers, the captain is on the right, and the other officers in the rear, as also the drummer or pioneer in a third rank, at three paces distance. In this formation companies are to assemble on their private parades, being sized from flanks to centre. ^ The company will be told off in sub-divi- sions, and four sections. If four officers are present, the captain, when the company is in column of sections, takes the leading see- tlOTl- fVlA npvf in apT>T«*«i^TT ^^U^ ^'U*-'^ i.---. the third in rank the fourth section, and the junior officer the second. The covering ser- 1 ^ grounded 11, is now ;s of the ^paration. ;his pur- sembled, ng man- ier, with ouching", ^ill then s. The post on by a ser- serjeants ry rank, formed le right, also the at three mpanies parades, iub-divi- cers are ipany is ing sec- section, and the •in^ ser- 47 jeant will cover the second file from the pivot of the leading section. When there are but three officers, the covering Serjeant will take the second section from the head of the column. The company will also be told off by threes from the right, numbered 1, % 3. Should there be a blank file in telling off the company in line, it will invariably be the fourth file from the left. When thus formed, the company will be practised in Opening and Closinjf of Dressing -^ > Ranks. to the front, to the rear, J by the right and in an oblique direction, ^ ' and be exercised in the several motions of the firelock. Close order is the chief and primary order in which the biittalion and its parts at all times assemble and form. Open order is only regarded as an exception from it, and occasionally used in situations of parade and show. In close order, the rear rank is closed up to within one pace, the length of which is to be taken from the heels of one rank to the heels of the other rank. In open order, they are two paces distant from each other ; when for inspection, three paces. In order to distinguish the words of com- mand given by the instructor of the drill (who represents the commander of the bat- talion) from those given by the commander of the company, or its divisions, the com- i ji;!' \i 48 mands of tlio former are in capital letters, those of the latter in Jtalic. "' ' S. 32. Marching to the Front BY THE nicnx. (on left), maiicii, on quick march. 1. In the drill of the company, the per- son instructing must always consider it as a company in battalion, and regulate all its movements upon that principle ; he will therefore, before he puts it in motion to front or rear, indicate which flank is to direct, by giving the word by the right, left, or CENTRE, MARCH, ou which cycs wiU be directed full to the front, and the touch preserved to the named flank, or to the centre, as required. Should the right be the directing flank, the commander of the company himself will fix on objects to march upon in a line truly perpendicular to the front of the company ; pnd when the left flank is ordered to direct, ^^e and his cover- ing Serjeant will shift by the rear to the left of the front rank, and take such objects to march upon. The conductor of the com- pany, before the word march is given, will remark some distinct object on the ground, ill his own front, and perpendicular to the directing flank ; he will then observe some nearer and intermediate point in the same line, such as a stone, tuft of grass, &c. ; he will move unon them with accuracy, "and as he approacnes the nearest of these points, he must from time to time, choose fresh ones in the original direction, which he will by I X letters, mt IK MARCH. the per- ler it as a tte all its he will m to front direct, by LEFT, OR will be he touch 3r to the right be er of the ; to march ar to the I the left his cover- to the left objects to the com- ^iven, will e ground, ar to the Brve some the same , &c. ; he 3y, and as !se points, fresh ones le will by I 49 this means preserve, never having fewer than two such points to move upon, 2. As the MARCH of every body, except in the case of inclining, is made on lines perpendicular to its front, each individual composing that body must remain perfectly square to the given line ; otherwise he will naturallv and insensiblv move in a direction perpendicular to his own person, and thereby open out, or close in, according to the man- ner in which he is turned from the true point of his march. If the distortion of a single man operates in this manner, and all turnings of the head do so distort him, it may be easily imagined what that of several will occasion, each of whom is marching on a different front, and whose lines of direc- tion are crossing each other. S.33. The Side Step. *rhe side or closing step must also be fre- quently practised ; it is very necessary and useful on many occasions, when halted, and when a very small distance is to be moved to either flank. TO THE RIGHT OR LEFT, CL09C. When the whole company is to close to a flank, if supposed to be a division of a column, its commander remains in his place upon the flank, and closes with his company ; but if the company is to be considered as the divi- sion of a line, and no stated, number of naces is mentioned, its commander will in that case step nimbly forward on the caution to thk £ 1 >^ fiil ! i II i ij 50 RIGHT (or left), close> and place himself three paces in font of that flank which is supposed the inner one, or that which is nearest to the cencre of the line, in order that he may he prepared to halt his company at the proper time, as well as to take a general superintendance of its movement. QUICK MAnCH. At the words quick march, the men step ofl^ together. I HALT. On the word halt hcing given, the officer instantly resumes his place in the line oy the rear. If S. 34. 7'o Form Four Deep. FORM FOUR DEEP. MABCII. 1. The company will be told off from the right by alternate files right and left j and when it is intended to form four deep, pre- serving the same front, the word form four DEEP will be given, upon which the rear rank will step back one pace, and on the word MARCH, the left files will double behind the right file , by taking one pace to the rear with the left feet, and one pace to the right with the right feet, which forms four deep, leaving the intervals which tLe hh files had quitted. BEAR, FORM FOUR DEEP MARCH. ^^. When four deep is to he formed to the rear. On the same caution the rear rank will step back as before, and on the word MARCH, the whole go to the right about, and .^1 B himself which is which is ^rder that npany at a general men step he officer ne oy the from the left ) and ieep, pre- ►RM FOUR the rear d on the le behind je to the 3e to the rms fom* . tl.e \:h 3d to the ear rank the word bout, and ri the left files will then double as before, in the itroper rear of the right files. niGIIT, FOUM FOUR DEEP. MAIUH. • 3. When ground is to he taken to the right ir he formation of four deep. On the ca? m the rej"- rank steps back as before, and on the word march, the whole fiice to the right, and the left files, at the same instant, form on the right of the right files, taking one pace to the right with the right feet, and one pace to the front with the left feet. LEFT, FORM FOUkt DEEP. MAUCII. 4. When ground is to be taken to the lef). The rear rank steps back as before, and on the word march, the whole face to the left, and the left files, at the same instant, form on the left of the right files, by taking one pace to the left with the left feet, and one pace to the rear wdth the right feet* In all these formations two deep is re formed fr )m each cf them by the word Front, upon which the files m«;ve up to their respective intervals into line, the vear rank immediately closing on the front rank; the word Hale will precede the word Front if the company has been in moveu»e»'t. In moving to a flank, file marching may be adopted, if necjssary; by the files leading out in their proper order upon the word, form two dp.ep ; and, at the M'ord RE-FORM FOUR DEEP, resuming ih^ir former places. iS, 35. File Mar chi7ig. liEFT FACE. In marching by files, tho commander of the company will lead on the inward flank e2 ^t I ! i^l i> 52 of the front rank, his covering serjeant lead- ing the front rank ; therefore when the movement is by the left, on the word to the LEFT FACE, he will instantly shift to the left flank of the company by the front, and his covering serjeant by the rear ; at the word QUICK MARCH, the wholc step off together (vide Section, 15,): and on the word Half, Front, the leader and his Serjeant will return to their posts on the right by the rear. ^' S. 36. Wheeling from a Halt KIGHT WHEEL, QUICK MAKCH Halt, DreSS. In wheeling either forward or backward from a halt, the commander of the company, on the word right or left wheel, moves out, and places himself one pace in front of the centre of his company ; during the wheel, he turns towards his men, and inclines to- wards that flank which has been named as the directing, or pivot one, givii ^ the word Halt, Dress, when bis wheeling man has just completed the required degree of wheel ; he then squares his company, but without moving what was the standing flank, and takes his post on the directing flank. S. 37. Wheeling forward hy Suh-divisions from Line* BY SUB-DIVISIONS, RIGHT WHEEL. 1. On the caution by sub-divisions, right wheel, the commander of the com- pany places himself one pace in front of the centre of the right sub-division, at the same it lead- en the TO THE the left and his le word 3gether i word lerjeant t by the ss. ckward >mpany, , moves front of 5 wheel, ines to- lled as iie word lan has ' wheel ; without nk, and livisions VISIONS, he com- it of the he same 53 time the men on the right of the front rank of each sub-division face to the right. QUICK MAiiCH.— i/a/^ Dress, ^ ^ At the word quick march, each suh-divi- sion steps off in quick time, ohservr.g the directions given in Sects. l6 and -29. ihe commander of the company turning to- wards the men of the leading sub^division, and inclining to its left (the proper pivot flank), gives the word Halt, i)rm, for both sub-divisions, as his wheeling man is taking the last step that finishes the ^^'^f^^^.f ^^^ and instantly posts himself on the left he pivot flank. The covering serjeant shittmg by the rear to the proper pivot flank, assumes his place in column, one pace m rear ot the second file from the pivot, the senior subaU tern taking post on the pivot flank ot the second sub-division ; the commander ot the company always leading the first. 2. The company marching to the front may be wheeled into open column of sub-divisions on he move- Tble pi vot, to either flank loithout halting ; the mstructor giving the word forward, when the sub-divisions have wheeled square into column. The proper pivot flank in column is that which, when wheeled up to, preserves the divisions « ^^e Ime in the natuiral order, and to their proper front ; the other is the reverse flank. . .\^^ «,./^r.^r In column, divisions cover and dress to tbe Proper pivot flank ; to the left when the right is in front , and to the right when the left is in front. 38. Wheeling backwards hy Sub-divu Hons from Line,, CAUTION. The company will also break Into open £ 3 KJr, S4 column of sub-divisions by wbeeling back* wards. . When the right is intended to be in front ; at the caution by sub-divisions on THE LEFT, BACKWARD WHEEL, the Comman- der of the company moves out briskly and places himself one pace in front of the centre of the right sub-division. The man on the left of the front rank of each sub-division at the same time faces to the right* QUICK MAKCH,— ^aZf, Dress, On the word quick march, each sub-di* vision wheels backward, as directed in Sections I7 and 30. During the wheel, the commander of the company turns towards his men, inclining at the same time to the left, or pivot flank, and on completing the wheel gives the word Halt^ DresSy to both divisions \ he and his covering serjeant then place themselves in their proper stations, as directed in the last Section. S. 39. Marching on an Alignmeiit, in Open Column of Sub-divisions^ MARCH. The company having wheeled backwards, by sub-divisions from line, (as directed in the foregoing Section,) and a distant marked object in the prolongation of the two pivot flanks being taken ; the commander of the company, who is now on the pivot flank of the leading sub-division, immediately fixes on his intermediate points to march on. (Vide Section 32.) On the word margh„ givvin by the instructor of the drill, both tetvisions seep om at tne* same* instant ; tne 14 55 back* [)bein: NS ON [nman- ly and centre on the sion at sub-di* ted in wheel, wards to the ng the :o both nt then ons» as 1 Open Lwards, 3ted in narked o pivot of the ank of ly fixes ch on^ W[ARGH^ I, both it ; the il I leader of the first division marching with the utmost steadiness and equality of pace on the points he has taken ; and the commander of the second division preserving the leader of the first in the exact line with the distant object ; at the same time he keeps the dis- tau ,e necessary for forming from the preced- ing division, which distance is to be taken from the front rank. These objects must occupy the whole attention of the leaders of the two divisions, S. 40 Wheeling into Line from Open Colmnn of Sub-divisions. HALT. LEFT WHEEL INTO LINE. — QUICK MABCH. Haltf Dress. — Eyes Front, 1. The company being in open column of sub-divisions, marching on the alignment receives the word Halt from the instructor of the drill ; both divisions instantly halt,, and the instructor sees that the leaders of the divisions are correct on the line in which they have moved ; he then gives the word (supposing the right of the company to be in front) by sub-divisions left wheel into LINE ; on which the commander of the com- pany goes to the centre of his sub-division, the two pivot men face to their left exactly square with the alignment, the rear rank men covering off^, and a serjeant runs out and places himself in a line with them, so as to mark the precise point at which the right flank of the leading sub-divisions is to halt, when it shall have completed its wheeL At the word qjuick march> the whole wheel iil "■I ,il 56 up in quick time ; during the wheel, the commander of the company turning towards his men, inclines to the wheeling flank, and gives the word Halt, Dress, at the moment the wheel of the division is completed : the commander of the company, if necessary, corrects the internal dressing of the company on the Serjeant and pivot men : this dress- ing must be quickly made, and, when done, the commander of the company gives the word Eyes front, and takes post in line. S, 41. Countermarching. The company, when it is to countermarch, must always be considered as a division of a battalion in column : the instructor of the drill will therefore, previous to his giving the caution to countermarch, signify whether the right or left is supposed to be in front, that the commander of the company, and his covering serjeant, may be placed on the pivot flank before such caution is given, as it is an invariable rule in the countermarch of the divisions of a column by files, that the facings be made from the flank, then the pivot one, to the one which is to become such. Countermarch hy files. BIGHT (or LEPt) PACE QUICK MABCH.— Ha?<, Front, Drest. 1. On the word RIGHT, or left, face, the company faces, the commander of it immediately takes one pace outwards, and faces inwards ready to halt his company ; - 1 l-»_ - ; ^^-^i^n-n*- fnrino 4-r\ flno rirpVlt anU ills UOVuniig BCijcaiit i.ix\y\^a -vv tiiv ix^«.^ about, and covers. At the word Quick I, the wards :, and Dment : the ssary, npany dress- done, es the ae, narch, )n of a of the giving hether front, md his m the ^en, as •march 3, that :, then become mif Dre$9, > FACE, r of it Is, and npany ; Quick 57 March, the whole, except the commander and his covering Serjeant, step oif together, and the leading file wheeling short round the front rank, proceeds, followed hy the company in file, till it has reached the covering serjeant, who has remained immove* able ; when the commander instantly gives the words Halt, Front, Dress, squares, and closes his company on his serjeant, and then replaces him. S. 42. Increasing and Diminishing' the Front of an Open Colwnn halted. FORM coMPANY—L./^ Sub-division, Left Half Facet Quick March.— Halt, Front, Dress up, INCREASING* The company standing in open column of sub-divisions (suppose the right in front) receives from the instructor of the drill a caution to form company ; upon which the covering Serjeants will run out to mark the pivot flank. The commander of the com- pany, turning round, instantly orders, Lejl Sub-division, Left Half Face ; Quick March ; and the leading (or pivot) file will march straight on the covering Serjeant* When the left sub-division has obliqued so as to gain the line of the right sub-division, the commander gives the word Halt, Front, Dress up ; and takes post on the left, the pivot flank of the company. 58 yOBM SUB-DIVISIONS.— Zc/if Sub-division^ Bight about three* quarter$ Face, Quick ^.larch. — Halt, Front, Dress. DIMINISHING. On the cautionary command from the instructor of the drill to form sub-divisions, the senior subaltern instantly falls back to mark the point where the left flank of the sub-division is to rest. The commander of the company, advancing one step, orders, Left JSub'divisioriy Right about three- quarters Face, Quick March ; and the leading file of the left sub-division marches in the diagonal direction, until the pivot file reaches the officer who has taken up its distance and covers ; and who, when it shall reach him, gives the words lialt^ Fronts Dress, The commander remains on the left flank of the right sub-division, and the next officer on that of the left. In increasing and diminishing the front of an open column halted, upon the usual caution, the rear-rank man of the pivot file of the reverse sub-division falls back and covers the third file of his sub-division, in order to leave room for the flank of the other sub- division, resuming his place as soon as the flanks are clear. ^ It is to be observed as a general rule in diminishing the front of a column by the doubling of sub-divisions or sections, whether tlie column be halted or in motion, that the sub-division or section on the reverse flank is the one behind which the other sub-divisions or sections double. Thus, when the right is in front, the doubling will be in the rear of the right sub-division ; and vice versa when the left is in front. And in increasing the front of a column, the rear subdivisions, or sections, oblique to the hand the pivot flank is on ; so that, when the right is in front, the obliquing will be to the left, and the reverse when the left is in front. S9 ut three* 'em. )m the VISIONS, back to I of the nder of orders, three- nd the narehes 3 pivot 1 up its it shall Fronts ft flank t officer ■ an open ^ear-rank sion falls vision, in :her sub- ianks are finishing divisions 1 motion, e flank is r sections doubling and vice ising the sections, at, when the left, S. 43. Increasing and Diminishing the Front of an Open Column on the March. INCREASING. roBM COMPANT. — Left. Suh'Division^ Left half-turn, Ifaubh, Front turn. Quick, The company marching at quick time in open column of sub-divisions (suppose right in front,) receives from the instructor of the drill the cautionary command, form com- pany : the commander of the company in- stantly turning round, gives the words, Left Sub'divisjonf left half turnt Double^ and it instantly moves off at the Double March ; and as soon as its inward flank is open, it receives the word Front turn^ and when in line with the reverse sub-division. Quicks the commander taking post on the pivot flank, towards which he has been moving. DIMINISHING. PORN sUB-DivisiONS. — Left Sub-divisioTi mark time t Right half turn. When the instructor of the drill gives the caution to form sub-divisions, the com- mander of the company, advancing one step, immediately orders, Left Sub-division^ mark time : Right lialf turn ; and when it has douhled properly behind the right one, the senior subaltern gives the word, Front turn^ placing himself on its pivot flank. The sanne directions that apply to increasing or diminishing by sub-divisions, apply equally by sections. If the column is moving in slow tim.Cj when its front ia to be increased, the division moving up will do so in quick time ; but when the column is marching in quick 60 time, the rear sub-division will in that case move up in double time as directed. S. 44. The Company in Open Column of Suh'dwisions to pass a short Defile^ by breaking off Files* BBEAR OFF THREE FILES. — Three Files^ right turn, left wheel. The company is supposed in open column of sub-divisions, with the right in front ; when the leading division is arrived within a few paces of the defile, it receives from the instructor of the drill an order to break off a certain number of fifes ^suppose three.) The commander of the leadmg division in- stantly gives the w^rds. Three files^ on the left, right turny left ivheel ; the named files immediately turn to the right, and wheeling to the left follow in file in rear of the left flank of the sub-division. When the second sub-division comes to the spot where the first division contracted its front, it will receive the same words of command from its own leader, and will proceed in like manner. Two FileSy right turn. Should it be required to diminish the front of the column one or two files more, the commander of the leading division will, as before, order the desired number of files to turn ; on which those already in the rear will incline to the right, so as to cover the files now ordered to break off, and which turn to the right and wheel to the left in the manner already prescribed. In this movement, the files in the rear of the sub- divisions must lock well up, so as not to impede the ! ove up ;n lumn of efile, hy left wheel. column front ; I within es from break three.) sion in- on the ed files heeling the left second 3re the it will Tom its lanner. sh the 5 more, m will, of files le rear er the which ; in the the sub- sede the 61 march of the succeeding division. The covering ier- jeant will cover his officer until all the files are again brought up. Three Jilea to the Front, As the defile widens (or the instructor of the drill shall direct,) the commander of the leading sub-division will order files to move up to the front, by giving the word, One^ two or three files to the front ; on which the named files turn to their front (the left,) and lengthening their pace, march up, file by file, to the front of their sub-division, and immediately resume the march. Those files which are to continue in the rear will oblique to the left, lengthening also their «tep, till they cover, and are closed up to the right flank of their sub-division. It is to be observed that in passing a defile, the rule 13 that the files break off' from the pivot flank ; but in- terruptions may in some cases present themselves, re- quiring that files be broken off from the reverse flank. The same instructions apply in both cases. SA5. The Company halted or on the March Moves to a flank, in Column of Sections^ or of Sections of Threes. SECTIONS, OR THREES, BIGHT OB LEFT SHOULDERS FOBWABD^ if halted, quick march, forward sections, ob thbees, ON THE RIGHT OB LEFT BAC&WABOS WHEEL, QUICK MABCH, Halt, Dress, The company from line will be practised in forming sections and sections of threes, both when halted and in motion, by the command, sections, or threes, right or LEFT SHOULDERS FORWARD QUICK MARCH, FORWARD ; and the only exception to this rule will be, when pivots are required to be F 1 (52 Hi'' accurately dressed, or when the alignement of the company is to be preserved ; in this case the command will be, sections, oh THREES, ON THE lUGHT Otl LEFT BACKWARDS M'HEEL, QUICK MARCH, Halt, DveSS. IlIOUT OR LEFT SIIOULOUnS POBWABO— FOWWAnD, Or Halt, Dress. In re-forming company, the command will be illGHT OR LEFT SHOULDERS FORWARD FORWARD, if the march is to be continued ; otherwise. Halt, Dress, .MIOHT on LEFT WHEEL INTO LINE, qUICK M ASCII, //«//, Dress. When pivots arc required to be accurately dressed, or when the alignement is to be pre- served, the command will be, right or left WHEEL INTO LINE, QUICK MARCH, Haltf Dress. • - The word Fortvard, or Haltf must be given just as the outward men of threes are completing their third j)ace. Should the telling off by threes leave either one or two files over, they will be placed on the right of the •left section of threes, which is always to be complete. If there is one file over — on the word threes, shoul- ders FORWARD, the front-rank man wheels up, and ' places himself iu rear of the pivot flank of the section in fxwUt of him ; his rear- rank man placing himself in the rear of its reverse flank, both men locking up ; but if the odd file is a blank one, the reverse flank of the 'preceding section must necessarily remain uncovered. If there are two tiles over, — they wheel as ordered, and form a section of themselves, covering the outward flanks of the section preceding them ; but if one of these two files is a blank f^'e, the three men will form a single rank, the two front-rank men covering the flanks of the preceding "sectio.i, and the rear-r-ank man step- ping up between them. In ibrming threes from line to the right or to the left gnement ; in this IONS, oil CKWARDS i. m D, or Halt, nand will tlWAUD — ntiiiued ; Half, Dress, ccurately to be pre- r OR LEFT :n, Halty iven just as their third Lher one or right of the le complete. :es, shoul- sls up, and * ' the section ; himself in ng up ; but flank of the uncovered. )rdered, and he outward t if one of I will form a ig the flanks k man step- >r to the left 63 by the afiouldera forward, the leaditig section mu:«t fre- quently be practised to wheel upon the centre man of the three, as they will often be required to do bo, m disengaging to the rear, when formed as a division of a line. The company at any time may form threes to a flank, after the telling ofl* has been deranged, if the men are practised to do so rapidly in succession. T he first three is formed at once; the fourth man in the front rank then sees that he is the pivot for the next three, and turns or faces into the new direction ; the seventh flle then follow, and so on to the reverse flank of the company ; when on the march, the company may mark time until the threes are formed, when they receive the word FORWARO. . - I At In changing the direction of a column of threes, the command will be the same a* in file marching, right wJieel — left wheel, i i i Should it be required to form company upon the lead- ing three, the commander will order front form COMPANY, upon which the leading three will mark time, the remainder will make a half turn to the proper hand, and moving up to their proper places in line will mark time, until the word forward or halt is given. If from sections of threes it be required to form sub- divisions or sections, the commander will order right (or left) turn, right (or left) wheel, and when in file, front form sub-divisions (or sections), upon which the leading file of sub-divisions (or sections) will mark time ; the remainder turn their bodies a whole face to the proper hand, and wheel in sub-divisions or sections to the right or left as may be required. Dur- ing these formations the company leader will move by the front to his proper station. The company marching to a flank in threes wdl be practised to turn to the right and left, and to the right about, wheeling forward, afterwards, rear rank in front; the company may also be inverted by wheeling the threes forward on their reverse flank, as the inversion can at any moment be corrected. y2 I ,• r-v; 64 S. 4C. Forming Company, Sub-divisions, Sections^ or Sections of Threes, from File Marching, FHONT roilM COMPANY, 8UB-D tVISIONS, OR BBrTIOJfS. At this word of command, the leading file marks time, the remainder turn their bodies a whole face to the left, and wheel to the right, looking to the outward flank and feeling inwards (that is to say) if right in front, turn to the left, and if left in front, turn to the right— the officer, if not already in his place, passing along the front to it during the wheel. As soon as the quarter circle is complete, the word forward is given, if the march is to be continued. line. GENERAL PRINCIPL) .1 FOR THE MOVEMENTS OF A BAxiALION. Commands, All words of command must be given short, quick, and loud, so as to be heard and understood from right to lefc of a battalion in^ line. The confidence and prompt obedience of the soldier can only be in proportion to the firm, decided, and pro- per manner in which every one gives his orders. . Degrees of March. General Intentions. 1. All military movements are intended 65 to be made with quicki. '^'^. consistent with order, regularity, and without hurry or fatigue to the tioops. 81.^^ March. 2. The slow step is particularly applicable to purposes of parade, and occasionally to the march of extended lines. Quick March. 3. The Quick March is the usual pace to be applied to all general movements of battalions, or genera^ bodies, in column or line. Double March. 4. The Double March is only to be ap- plied to the movements of the divisions of a battalion ; that is, to the interior movements of the divisions of a battalion w\vm forming on any of its fixed parts. It cannot be ap- plied to the movements of greater bodies, without exhausting the men, except upon peculiar occasions for a short distance ; as in a charge, or where a post or position is *o be seized, or the wheel of a column to be performed. In echellon movements the Double Mar:h may be safely applied to sub- divisions or sections, when used in rapid formations from line to square, and from square to line, or for quickly throwing back or forward a flank ; but not to the march of companies or strong divisions in echellon changes of front or position. The double march must never be applied to file march- ing except ir the formation of square on the two centre sub-divisions. ^'.:f:^ \ 'i?' I « Of I f ■i^', f'^. il ' 1;: \ 66 Marching in Line. 1. The march in line, either to fronfc or rear, is the most important and most diffi- cult of all movements, and requires every exertion of commanding officers and everv attention of officers and men for its true attainment. The essential points to be observed are, the perpendicular direction of the march to the front of the battalion as then standing ; the- perfect squareness of sboulders and body of each individual ;— the light touch of the files to the direetivig pomt ;— and the accurate equality of cadence and step given by advanced Serjeants. Direccing Serjeants. 2. Every individual should therefore be well prepared for this m.ovement. But to ensure its correct xecution, three directing Serjeants must be formed in the centre of the battalion ; upon whose exact cadence, step^ squareness of body, and precision of move* ment, dependence can be placed. They will be posted as follows : one, between the colours in the front rank, covered by another m the rear rank, and again covered by a third in the supernumerary rank. 3. At all times when the battalion is formed in line, and directed to advance, the front directing serjeant, of the three, who lead the line, takes six paces to his front and halts ; the two other Serjeants who w ere covering him pass through the interval, and move upon each side of him ; an officer or Serjeant from the rear replaces the leading fronfc or ost diffi- Bs every id every its true s to be 3ction of afion as eness of tl ; — the lireetiTig cadence :s. sfore be But to i reeling ^e of the 3e, step^ f move* hey will 3en the another :d by a ilion is nee, the ee, who lis front ho were v^al, and Rcer or leading 67 Serjeant, in the front rank, and Is again covered by the serjeant-major six or eight paces in rear of the line. These three points being corrected by the adjutant, or a mounted officer, a fourth point in prolonga- tion is easily obtained. If a distinct and visible object should present itself in the true line, the mounted officer will order the directing serjeant to march upon it. If this be not the case, the directing serjeant, (after being assured by the mounted officer that he himself is perfectly and squarely placed,) will, by casting his eyes down the centre of his body, from the 'junction of his heels, take upland prolong a line perpendicular to himself and to the battalion ; for this purpose ne will observe and take up any accidental small point on the ground within 100 or 150 paces. Intermediate ones cannot be want- ing, and their renewal is easy, as he succes- sively approaches them in his march. 4. These p. ..paratory arrangements being made, the mounted officer will give the word ** Steady'' as a signal that the line of direc- tion is determined. 5. When the battalion advances, the serjeant-major will remain steady in the rear of the line for 20 or 30 paces, to ascertain under the directions of the mounted officer, the squareness and correctness of the line of mai'ch. If no waving or crowding in the line appear, the direction is certainly true, and the serjeant-major will then follow in the rear, fi. Upon the caution that the battalion is % I 6S to retire, the directing Serjeants will face about, and the same arrangements are made as directed for the advance. The rear^rank men must avoid closing their files more than usual, otherwise the front men, who are in general larger, will be crowded in their ranks. Wheeling, 1. The manner of performing the wheels of a division is sufficiently explained in Sections 18 and 36. It is shewn that they are made on halted and moveable pivots ; and it may only be necessary to add an ex- planation of the circumstances under which each description of wheel is respectively adopted. "Wheel cf divisions may be made forward or backward How ' performed. S. Wheels of divisions may be made either forward or backward. In progressive move- men t they are made forward, but particular occasions require that they should be made BACKWARD, on the pivot flank. In this manner the line may wheel into open column of companies, sub-divisions, ?r sectTons, and be prolonged when necessary to either flank, the pivots being thus preserved. The wheel backwards is also advantageously Uc^ed in marching off* parades, where guards are of different strengths, and is often essentially necessary in narrow grounds. By this means, although divisions should be unequal, either in the same battalion, or in a line, yet all their pivot flanks will, after the wheel. nil face re made ar^rank )re than ) are in n their wheels ined in at they pivots ; I an ex- r which ectively e either Q move- rticular e made In this column ns, and r flank, 3 wheel ued in are of jntially y this tiequal, a line, wheel. 69 remain truly dressed ; of course, the distances will be just, the line of marching accurately preserved, and each division, by afterwards wheeling up, will exactly occupy the identical ground it quitted. The backwards \7heel, however, need not be practised where the ground is uneven, and the divisions stronger than 15 or 16 files : where this is the case, the command will be form open column RIGHT (or left) IN FRONT ; upon which the pivot men face as ri^quired, and the divisions are faced to the right about — RIGHT (or left) wheel ; and are halted and fronted by the leaders of each when the wheel is performed. Necessary Recollections. 3. It appears that the number of paces of 30 inches, comprised in the front of any division or body, is nearly 3-4ths of the number of files, of which it is composed ; and that the number of files being once ascertained in each divisior-, the officer commanding it must on all occasions recol- lect the number of paces that are equal to his front 70 #<^#^#^## ###<#.#<^##<#<#<## ill !| 8 O I: ^ ' • ■ '^ .'■ s s S^ o P'^ CO c« o ?«• * ^ M r-4 9i c mm^ A H « 2 >M O .• Files each a inchea .2 fl «M o 3 Ts a. O 04 12; p^ I rsr\r\r\rvrstvrvr>.t^ I I iv. i s/-: i'^ I M I 71 Open Column. Formation of Open Column from Line. 1. When a column is to be formed from line, it may be done by the wheel of divi- sions, either backward or forward. Upon the caution, the leaders of divisions place themselves close before the centre of their companies, facing to the front ; the pivots face, and a supernumerary serjeant of the right or left company (according to which flank is to be in front) runs out, and places himself at the point where the wheeling flank of that company is to rest at the com- pletion of the wheel ; the covering Serjeants of the whole fall back one pace ; and the supernumerary rank closes up within one .pace of the rear rank. When the wheel is performed, the covering serjeant covers the second file from the pivot flank. 2. When divisions march by threes, in order to take up a new alignement in open column, either to the front or rear, the serjeant of each, successively, as it arrives at 20 paces from that line, runs out, takes his distance, covering in the alignement, and remains as a point on which his officer will conduct his division and afterwards occupy. When such change of front is made from line to the front, each covering serjeant, in taking distance for his own company, becomes the point upon which the division next in front must be directed, and he ^^_ "U-- .,i.-4.*^-^ ^\\^-^ ^Vir» fQiT^kvco ■flonlr 1 in rCSUlUeS liib SlcALluii v^Dj tii^ ivv^io^ jLi«,x^i^y »^i rear of his own company as soon as his place 7^ is taken by the officer. In changes to the rear, the Serjeants in like manner take dis- tance for their own company, which in this case will also form upon them. Covering of Pivots. 3. In column, divisions cover and dress to the proper pivot fiank ; to the left when the right IS in front ; and to the right when the lett IS in front. The proper pivot flank in column IS that which, when wheeled up to preserves the divisions of the line in their natural order, and to their proper front ; tti^ other IS called the reverse flank. Posting of Serjeants. 4. The covering serjeant accompanies and assists the leader of a company in all his movements, and preserves his place when- ever the oflicer's duty requires him to quit it. ^ 5. When the column marches, if the offi. cer is in front of the company, the serjeant is on the pivot of the front rank, and is answerable for the division distance. If the oflScer remains on the pivot flank, the ser- jeant then falls back behind the rear rank and covers the second file from the pivot. ' Column of sub-divisions. a When the battalion is in column of sub-ujvisions, if there is no second officer the covering serjeant takes the flank of the second sub-division. Column of Sections, and Threes, and Files. 7. In column of soptinric fVio r^rxvp^i*-* jeant takes the flank of the second section, I 3S to the take dis- (i in this 1 dress to when the when the flank in d up to, in their r front ; ^* mies and 1 all his e when- to quit the offi- serjeant » and is If the the ser- ar rank, pivot. lumn of officer, ^ of the iiig Ser- section, H m 73 if there is not a third subaltern to command it. If there is a third subaltern, giving an officer to every section, then the covering Serjeant will cover the second file from the pivot flank of the leading section. In the march by threes, the officer commanding the division is placed on the inner flank of the leading section of threes. The covering Ser- jeant leads the centre file. In file march- ing the covering serjeant leads the front '•ink. In Countermarches,: S. When divisions countermarch in column, the position of the covering serjeant is the same as that laid down in the countermarch of a single company. (S. 4.6,) '9. The same observation applies to the countermarch by ranks. (S. 46.) Formation of Line from Open Column. 10. On the caution, officers move to the centre of their companies, one pace from the front rank ; their covering Serjeants place themselves on the right of each, if the wheel is to be to the left, or behind the pivot file, if the wheel is to be to the right, and a ser- jeant of the leading company of the battalion runs up and places himself in the new alignement, to mark where the wheeling flank of that company is to rest. Pivot men of t^ e front rank face square into the new direction, and the rear rank lotkr up to the front rank. The whole wheel up and halt. Officers dress the interior of their « 74 companies, and then replace their Serjeants, who are now in the front rank. Coluivn March. 11. The rear division of a column, either of march or manoeuvre, will constantly fol- low every turning which the head may make ; each successively changing its direc- tion at the same point with the leading division ; and although in route marching the files of a division may he permitted to loosen, and move with freedom, yet the pivot files must carefully preserve their place and distance at all times, under the constant superintendencs of an officer of each division. In long marches, officers and pivot files may he frequently relieved in these essential attentions. Preparatory to any relaxation in route marching, the words march at KASE should be given, when the soldiers may be allowed to open their files, carry their arms as they please and converse. The officers may march likewise at ease, and with the exception of the officer charged with the superintendence of the pivot files, they will be found most useful in the rear of their companies. At the word Attention, files are closed, the step taken up, silence pre- j^erved, and arms sloped. In this restored order all alterations of front, formations, &c., should be executed. Music, Drummers, &c. 12. In passing in Review Order, tuc drummers are with the music, in front ; in Field Movements the drummers and music ^m W.' j\ !':' ierjeants, m, either antlv fol- ?ad may its direc- j leading [Ti arching mitted to the pivot place and constant I division, files may essential elaxation ARCH AT iiers may rry their se. The , and with I with the they will ' of their ION, files ence pre- 3 restored ions, &c.. ruer, tuc front ; in md music 75 are in the rear, when the hattaljon is in line, and on the reverse flank when in column. Close Column* 1. When close columns are formed, the companies, or divisions, are one pace dis- tant, measuring from the heels of the rear rank to the heels of the front rank On the caution being given, the covermg serjeant of the named company, places himselt m front or rear of the officer, who will shitt, if necessary, to the flar k which is to become the pivot one of the column. The covering Serjeants of the remaining companies, when within twenty paces of the proper pivot point, will step out to take up the distance, and the covering in column. The covering Serjeant will remain steady until he is replac- ed by his officer, when he will cover his offi- cer in the rear rank. All supernumeraries take post on the reverse flank of the column, and in deployment will halt with their respec- tive companies. If a close column is formed from any more open columns, the covering Serjeants will not run out, but remain dur- ing the march in rear of their respective companies, and when halted cover their officers. Column at quarter distance. 2. The column at quarter distance par- takes of all the properties, and is capable of all the formatioiis and deployments, applied to close column, but the covering Serjeants and supernumei ary rank are posted as laid down for open column. 2 t* M ■ i::f ,; :i.!( 76 'Wheel Id Close Column. 3. Upon the caution for the column to wheel, the covering Serjeant of the front company will move out to mark where the outer flank of the column will rest when the wheel is complete $ and, in order to perform the wheel without crowding at the inner flank, the flank file, whether officer or man, must be the pivot upon which the wheel is made, and thus the whole column wheels as a division, under the direction of the com- manding officer. Eear Divisions half face to the reverse Flanlt. In order, also, to avoid, crowding in the wheel of a close column, it is necessary that, upon the wheel being ordered, all the rear divisions make a half face to the reverse flank, each file on the word Quick or Double March and during the wheel, circ- ling round and covering the relative files c. the divisions in front ; the officers and covering Serjeants will circle in the same way round^ the officers in their front, and confine their attention to the covering. Deployments, From close and quarter distance Columns on a Central Comj>any. If from close column the covering and a supernumerary serjeant from the named com- pany move in front of the flank files of the leading division and face inwards, thus giving the base for the new line. j..i ii^iii vj^ucti i,v.i uioidiiuc uuiiiiiiii, uy sec- tions of threes, the covering and sup'ernu* merary Serjeants act as laid down for the i. i 77 three )lumn to he front here the vhen the perform ic inner or man, wheel is wheels as :he com- ? in the iry that, the rear reverse uick or 5e1, circ- 5 files of ers and le same )nt, and t Company. g and a led com- s of the s giving by sec- upernu* for the close column, but take up the points paces in front of the leading division. Firings, 1. When the battalion fires by divisions, the Serjeants take the places of the officers, who have moved to the rear. FORMATION OF THE BATTALION. Formv-.on of the Battalion. When the companies join, and the battal- ion is formed, there is to be no interval between any of them, grenadier, light com- pany, or other ; but every part of the front of the battalion should be equally strong. Each company which makes a part of the same line, and is to act in it, must be formed and arranged in the same manner. Position of the Companiea in Battalion. The companies will draw up as follows from right to left, viz -.—grenadiers on the right, light company on the left, the other companies 1, 2, 3, &c. from right to left. Divisions. The battalion will be told off as follows, viz., into right and left wings. By coni- panies divided into right and left sub-divi- sions, into four sections numbered 1> 2, 3, 4, and into sections of threes. Companies ecj^alized. lie COmL^cinicis maiy i^^ ^^u.i*xix^c;vA i., £ of numbers when the battalion is formed for field movement J but it is also desirable i I I 78 tJiat they sliould be accustomed to exen^'et- iii companies of unequal strength, as mub: often be the case on l ervice. Formation jf the Battalion at '^Ipse Ordor. Ranks are at the distance of one pace. All the field officers and the adjutant are mounted. The commanding officer is the only officer advanced in front, for the general purpose of exercise when the battalion is single ; but in the march in line, and in the firings, he is in the rear of the colours. The lieutenant-colonel is behind the colours, twelve pacc.-s irom the supernumer- ary rank. * The first major is six paces in the rear of the secOiid battalion company from the right flank ; the second major at the same distance in the rear of the second battalion company from the left flank ; the adjutant at the same distance in rear of the colours. One officer is on the ri^ht of the front rank of each company, and one on the left of the battalion ; all these are covered in the rear rank by their respective Serjeants ; and the remaining officers and Serjeants are in a third rank behind their companies. • Th« colours are placed between the two ce ''e companies, both in the front rank, and each covered by a non-commissioned officer, or steady man in the rear rank. V_'liC &UljCailt IS Jli LiJU lIUlll iillllV UUIVVIAI the colours ; he is covered by a second Ser- jeant in the rear rank, and by a third in the supernumerary rank. The sole business of m xer< 3 mub. ace. mi are officer )urpose ie ; but igs, he 1(1 the numer- he rear Dm the le same ittalion djutant flours. le front the left ?recl in jeants ; mts are ies. the two t rank, ssioned r rank. UUIVVIAL md ser« d in the iness of ^ H 79 these three Serjeants is, when the battalion moves in line, to advar.oe and direct ihe march as hereafici* mentioned. The place of the first of those Serjeants, when they do move out, is preserved by a named officer or Serjeant, who moves up from the supernu- mei .ry rank for that purpose. Use of the Third or Supernumerary Rank. The supernumerary rank is at three paces' distance when in ^ *ne : when in column it is at the distance of r .o pace. The esicn-; tial use of the supe-numovary rank is, to keep the others closed up to the front during the attack, and to prevent any break begin- ning in the rear ; on this important service, too^many officers and non-commissioned officers cannot be employed. The pioneers are assembled behind the centre of the groMiadier company, formed two deep, and nine paces from the supernumerary ra.ik. PI The drummers, fifers, and buglers ot the battalion are assembled in two divisions, nine paces behind the supernume- :.y rank of the first and last battalion companies. The musicans are nine paces from the supel-numerary rank, in rear of the centre of the battalion, formed two deep and at loose files, only occupying no more space than is necessary. The staff, consisting of the paymaster, surgeon, assistant-surgeon, and quarter- master, are three paces behind the music. Officers. Ift o-eneral, officers remain posted with ' ;t infi' ■mm. !ir t' ,'ff iil 4 80 their proper companies ; but comiiianding" officers will occasionally make such changes as they may find necessary. Replacing Serjeants. Whenever the officers move out of the front rank, in parade, marching in column, wheeling into line, or otherwise, their places are taken by their serjeant coverers, or senior subalterns, as may be ordered, and preserved until the officers again resume them. When the Battalion takes Open Order, Rear Rank take Open Order. At the word Order, officers recover swords, and move at once close in front of the files o^^posite which they are to stand, — that is, tne captain in front of the second file^ from the right of the company, the senior subaltern in front of the second file from the left, and the third subaltern in front of the centre file — if there is a fourth officer the distance between the flanks will be divided. The serjeant coverers take a pace to the left to allow the officers to pass, and then move up to the front rank to pre- serve the intervals left by the officers. The flank men on the right of the rear rank of each company step briskly back one pace, to mark the ground upon which the rank is to halt ; they face to the right, and cover as pivots, corrected by the serjeant-major on the right. March, At this word, the rear rank steps back iiiianding" I changes it of the I column, Bir places erers, or sred, and I resume Order. recover 1 front of stand, — e second any, the ;cond file iltern in a fourth anks will •s take a 5 to pass, k to pre- 's. The rank of ne pace, 3 rank is cover as najor on jps back 81 one pace, dressing by the right : the officers of companies march three paces direct to the front, glance their eyes to the right, correct their dressing, and port their swords, at the word Steady from the major, wlio dresses them. The officers with the colours march forward three lengthened paces, and dress in the line of officers. The music, drummers, and pioneers re- main as posted at close order. The first major places himself on the rignt of the line of officers ; the second major on their left ; the adjutant on the left of the front rank. The staff, viz., the paymaster, surgeon, assistant-surgeon, and quarter-master, plac^ themselves on the right of the front rank of the grenadiers, at one pace distance. The colonel and lieutenant- colonel advance ten and six paces before the colours, v The whole thus arrive at their several posts, and the battalion remains tbrnied in this parade order, to receive a superior officer. When the battalion is reviewed singly, the division of druinmers will be moved up and formed two deep on each flank of the line ; the pioneers will be formed two deep on the r gh^ of the drummers of the right, and the staff will form on the right of the whole. When the Battalion resumes Close Order. Rear Rank take Close Order. J The officers recover swords, and, with the colours and staff, face to the right. The drummers and pioneers (if on the flanks) face to the centre. The Serjeants (if in the front rank) face to the right. ^ . I ► 82 March, The covering Serjeants take three side steps to the right, and oije full pace to the rear, to allow the officers to pass. The rear rank closes within one pace. The Serjeants, drummers, pioneers, &c. &c. resume their places, ej?ch as in the ori- ginal formation of the battalion in close order. The officers move through and into their respective intervals, and each individual arrives and places himself properly at hi£ post in close order. Colours. When the battalion wheels by companies or sub-divisions to either flank into column, both colours and the directing Serjeants always wheel to the proper front, and place themselves behind the third, fourth, and fifth file from the new pivot. li LIGHT INFANTRY. Advanced Guard, General intention of Advanced ijiuards, 1. Advanced guards are forned f*^r the purpose of feeling the way fhrovH>a a country in front of a column, or the colurri,ns of an army — to gain intelligence of the ei^/^my, and to give timely notice of his vicinity or a^^proach, in order that the main body may have time to prepare either for making or repelling an atiaciv. General Rules applicable to all. 2. The general rules and principles, a --■:.* ! *._ I ree side e to the pace. 3rs, &c. the ori- in close ito their dividual J at his mpanies column, lerjeants nd place "th, and for the country ns of an ^Tfiy, and jproach, ave time ellinify an inciples, 83 however, which should govern the one, are, with a few obvious exceptions, applicable to all. To guard against surprise or unexpect- ed collision with the enemy, — to watch his motions, or to gain intelligence of his situa- tion, — and to cover and conceal the move- ments and formation of the main body, — are manifestly the great leading princ^ pies upon which advanced guards should br^ conducted, whether the object be to fall suddenly on the enemy's piquets, to dislodge him from a post, or merely to give warning of his vicinity. Vigilance, and a careful study of localities, are in every case the mainsprings of success. Precautions to be observed in approaching a Village. 3. An advarced guard, on approaching a village, must proceed with great precaution if feeling for an enemv. The reserve and advanced parties on the road must be halted beyond the reach of musketry from the vil- lage, while strong Hanging parties are sent round the outskirts so as to threaten the rear. The c orpon ** party on the road may then move oi:, ii> SingH files, with a consider- able interval between them, followed by as many file.; in successioUj from the support, as may be deemed expedient ; and the sup- ports and reseiye will move forward when it has beeii appertained that the place is not in the occupar* m of the enemy. The lead- ing files shoni.i be instructed that tli*^ first oliject to bo sought for in a villao % is the church, from the belfry of which a viovf of the surrounding country may be gai^o.>. # •I ;':li m 84 Similar precautions to. be observed previousto* entering a defile or hollow way. 4. The head of an advanced guard must never commit itself by entering a defile, or hollow way, . without previously occupying the heights on either side by flanking parties. When the heights are thus crov/ned, the leading party on the road will send on a sino'le file, which will be followed by others in succession, near enough to keep the pre- ceding one in view — the flanking parties on either hand continuing to precede the centre until the defile is passed, when they will gradually fall back to their former stations, and the whole move forward in the original formation. C: )eral Rule in .approaching Vilifies, Woods, &c. . 5. ./hat wocds, villages, and, generally, every object capable of affording concealment to an enemy, will invariably be turned, and the rear threatened previous to heiugj'elt in front. Bogs and impassable ground of every kind to be carefully examined. 6. Should the advanced guard meet with bogs or other impassable ground jf Jaiy ex- tent, thev must not leave it between them- selves and the column, without careful examination ; otherwise they might leave an enemy concealed within the chain, and not only risk being cut off themselves, but com- promise the safety of the column. The Commander of an Advanced Guard to observe every thing himself, and to be distinct and accurate in his reports. 7» The commander of an advanced guard P of ^~.^=«s-3=~- ^-..asfejr...:. 85 I a defile or rd must efile, or 2upying parties, ed, the id on a -f others :he pre- rties on 3 centre ley will itations, original &c. . nerallv, ealment ed, and %felt in jT examined. jet with iaiy ex- 1 them- careful eave an and not ut com- Bvery thiug >orts. i guard should endeavour to observe every thing P himself, taking especial care that any reports he may have to make are clear, decided, and correct. Conduct of detached parties and Patroles in falling in with the Enemy. 8. No specific rules can be laid down for the conduct of an advanced guard in every case of falling in with an enemy. It cannot, however, be too strongly impressed on all employed on servicer of this nature, that nothing is more dangerous or reprehensible than offensive or defensive measures under- taken in an isolated manner : advanced parties and patroles should never, therefore, be suffered to engage of their own accord if it can possibly be avoided ; but, as before remarked, they should, on the first appear- ance of an enemy, either, fall back under cover or hide themselves on the spot (making a signal to the rear) according as he may be coming on, or stationary, — in either case seeming all the advantages of a surprise. The Advanced Guard should invariably reform after dislodging the Enemy from any post. 9. No advanced guard or detached party of any kind, after carrying a post, should ever be permitted to advance without reforming. The men should on no account pursue the flying enemy, but reform rapidly, and wait for further orders. Hi 8G Patroles, IFtlllty of Patrolcn. 1. Tlie object of a patrolc is to obtain iiitelliodice, and to ascertain tbe presence of an enemy. Tbey are detacbed to ex- amine bouses, I'opses, indosures, &c. near tbe line of marcb, capable of afFordino- con- (^eabnent to tbe enemy, and too distant to be inspected by tbe advanced or fiankino ])arties. All beigbts from wbicb a view ^i tbe surroundino- country can be obtained, sbould also be ascended by patroles, ])recau. tion being used to see every tbinbtained, , ])recau- possible, I patrolo it can be possible) >n is ob- Y to Patrole;^. conduct ig places ply with er scale, ct, to be e turned I bevond tnd this , induce ' the ap- only be without 3s have i I 87 passed the house, so as to command the rear, a file of the patrole advances to examiiK^ it, another file remainine posted near any copse or cover from which a sudden rush might be made upon them ; but all woods, ravines, &c. in the neighbourhood of the post, must be watched, and occasionally Visited by patroles, to prevent the enemy from assembling, un- observed, a I ody of troops in the vicinity. No sentry should be placed at such a dis- tance from the piquet, that the report of la's musket may not be distinctly heard from it ; and he should always have the sentry on his right and left in view, as well as the inter- mediate ground between them, to prevent the enemy from passing through the chain unnoticed. 5. In order to guard against surprise of every kind, the sentries of an advanced piquet will be invariably posted double, and at night, or in thick or foggy weather, one of them will be always walking to the right, till he approaches the adjoining file, while the other is looking vigilantly out to his front. In this mode they alternatelv relieve each other. During the dav an officer, or non-commissioned officer, should always be kept on the look-out, in the best situation for commanding a view of the country occu- pied by the enemy. Advanced Piquets require three Reliefs. 6. All advanced piquets must have three reliefs. When any thing particular is observed in front, or firing is heard. - 7. When any th ng particular is observed m front during the day, such as any change pse or cover ^ht be made nnes, Sec, in st, must be i by patroles, emblin^, un- the vicinity, t such a dis- roport of liis 5ard from it ; sentry on his as the inter- , to prevent jh the chain 5t surprise of m advanced [ double, and weather, one to the right, ig file, while f out to his latelv relieve n officer, or d always be est situation ountry occu- Hefs, t have three or firing is heard. r is observed any change i 91 in the enemy's s ♦ries or piquets, the dis- appearance of any sentry of our own, anv unusual bustle or accession of force in front, troops in motion, or the appearance of a cloud of dust indicating that troops are on the march, or when firing is heard by any sentry, one of the sentries will instantly run in, and report to the officer what he has no- ticed, takingcare to mention the circumstance at any post ho may happen to pass on his way. When Piquets are attacked. 8. When piquets are attacked, ilie same rule will be observed as in all other skirmish- ing, and the detached officers* parties will not run in on the main body, but support the skirmishers ; and when compelled to retire, they will if possible, retreat on the flank of the main body, and thereby aiFord mutual support to each other. When a sentry is satisfied that the enemy is movin ^ on to the attack, he should not hesitate to fire at once, although the enemy may be far beyond the range of his musket. "When posted in a Village. . - .. 9. If a piquet should be posted in a vil- lage, the main body must be placed so as to be behind the junction of ail the roads that lead to the enemy's position, the entrances from which must be blocked up, or Aug across, with the exception of a small retii;ing path for the sentries placed in observation in front. Small parties will be placed behind each barricade for its defence. it. I k I I ' ! W } h ^ w IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A V €!. M ■r^"S' ^^< .y .% &P/ WJ. Ua fA 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIM 122 U III 1.6 «" IIM |J0 "™= 1^ IIM Sciences Corporation o^\^ ^i> » 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. '.4580 (716) 872-4503 <* '%, &»- ,p f7|i I 92 , ' '• First dutyn>f an Officer on Piquet* 10. The first care of an officer ought to be the strengthening of his post, by construct- ing abbatis, breast- works, &c. ; and paiticu* larly where the defence of a bridge or ford is intrusted to him, he ought never to omifc to throw up something of the kind to pro- tect his men, and impede the advance of the enemy. An officer ought not, however, without permission, to block up a main road with other materials than such as are easily removed, ' A Piquet must not shut itself up without orders. - 11, A piquet ought not to shut itself up in a house, or an inclosure, with the intention of defending itself to the last extremity, unless particularly ordered to do so, or that circumstances may render it necessary at the moment, for the preservation of tho* party, in the expectation of support. Ifnder what circumstances a Piquet should retire. ' IS. A piquet may with safety defend its front as long as its flunks are not attacked, but as soon as the enemy attempts to sur* round the post, the piquet must begin to retire. ' t- .' Signals by Day, 13. Signals may be established by sentries during the day; — for instance — one man holding up his cap on the muzzle of his fire- lock signifies that the enemy's patrole is advancing ; and both men holding up their caps in the same manner, signifies • th the 93 i I , Ilags of Truce. 14. On the approach of a flag of trucey one sentry will advance and halt it at such distance as will prevent any of the party who. compose it from overlooking the piquet posts. The other sentry will acquaint the officer commanding the piquet of the circumstance, who will, according to his instructions, either detain tne flag of truce at the out- post, until he has reported to the field ofiicer of the day, or he wdll forward the party blind-folded to the camp, under an escort* If the flag of truce is merely the bearer of a letter or parcel, the piquet officer must receive it, and instantly forward it to head- quarters. After having g ven a receipt, the flag of truce will be required forthwith to depart, and none of the piquet must be suf- fered to hold any conv "sation with this party. Kight Duftvrs. 15. At night the situations of the sentries ought to be changed, and drawn back from their elevated situations, so as to have the highest ground before them ; as an object is* more easily discerned at night from a low situation, than when looking from a hill. Night sentries will patrole alternately to the^ front (as well as to the flanks) to a distance of twenty or thirty yards, lying down also with the ear to the ground for the purpose, of listening. The tread of men or horses on the march, the noi? of artillery in motion,- the neighing of horses, Sec, are heard at a- (TVPsit rl I.e. tan P. A in fVi.P sHIInpcc of the nicrlif 'W'V^V vc-t*^^ .^ V4^V ^ .•^a li i 94 and not unfrequently the knowledge of an intended attack at dav-light may be gained m this way. precaution Co be used for dfrt Ang tlio SentryV «ttentloii ta tie proper quarter. ' 16. To prevent sentries from looking in a wrong direction during the night, two forked sticks will be placed in the ground, and a horizontal stick laid across them, so a,s to point out by looking along it, the situation^ of the enemy's posts. This pre. caution is also particularly useful to the sentries of reserve and inlying piquets, directing their attention to the proper quarter. , ^ ^ 17. The sentries ought to be relieved every hour during the night. The Countersign only given to the Sentries. ^ 18. When a sentry is posted, the counter- sign only is given him ; and no person under the rank of a non-commissioned officer is iisually intrusted with the parole, which serves as a test for passing armed bodies in- side the line. '. . Challenging ofa Double Sentry. • 19. The moment a sentry sees or hears any person, he calls out, " Halt,"—" Who comes there ?" and at the same time brings his firelock to the charge, fronting the party ; his comrade instantly retires a few paces be- hind him, uncovering to the right, cocks his piece, and also comes to the charge.. This will ensure support to the sentry in advance, , 47--'— *w ~-vv*i **ivA Order Arm? ** As already directed, ' Examine Arms. At the word " Examine,** slip the thumb in rear of the barrel ; at the word ** Arms," face to the right, bringing the butt between the feet, sling towards the body, holding the firelock with the left hand at the full cv^-onf- rvf tliti '\%>rt\ • rlrnw fFif» r«mrnfT. Tpf it Hown. th» barrel, and quit the right hand. When the officer eoiues within a pace, draw the ramrod and place I ^ • 102 the upper br.iss, nine inches to the front, fon^finger on<» inch in rear of tiie brass, elbow nquare, and arm above the ramrod. Hehim Ttamrorf* • Return the ramrcds, bhifting the firelock on the right side. £An inspection of the appointments, clothing, d-c, is now to be made.] 1/nfix Bayonets. As before directed. Hear Rank *ake Close Order, Marclu As before directed. . ' * " Stand at Ease. As before directed. • • ^ Posting of Sentinels. ; .-; The instructor will now post his recruits as sentinels, giving each of them some particular orders to attend to, and instruct them, while on their post, not to allow those orders to be infringed ;■— that they are not to quit their arms, or walk more than ten yards on each side of their post ; — that they are never to converse, loiter, or lounge upon their post, nor remain in their sentry-boxes in good, or even in moderate weather, but are to move about briskly in a soldierlike manner; — that on the appearance of an officer, they are to stand ^rm on any par* of thei walk, paying the compliment due, until the officer has passed, taking care to front the point speci- ally recommended to their observance : — that to all field officers and to officers of a superior rank, they must present their arms; to all other officers, they are to carry arms. That all guards and sentinels must pay the same compliments to officers of the royal navy and marines as are directed to be paid to the officers of the army according to their relative ranks. That although •guards do not turn out after sunset to pay compliments, yet sentinels, whenever officers approach their posts, must Dav them a nror>pr atfpnfJnn hv cfanrlipn- a^^nA-., ^ith carried arms, facing to their proper front, nor must this be discontinued until the evening is so far nger one III above on the ing, &c., sentinels, attend to, low those juit their e of their 3r lounge boxes in to move t on the n on any until the int spcci- o all field ley must y are to t pay the lavy and jrs of the although pliments, ;ir posts, 'ont, nor is so far . 103 advanced, that they bogin challenging and demanding the countersign. When sentinels are directed to challenge, the reoruit must be instructed to do it in a clenr^ sharp tone, pro- nouncing his words as distinctly as possible. On any oUv. pproaching his post, he must challenge them by the words " Who comes there,'' and at the same moment port Arms ; but if posted where a sudden rush might be made upon him, lie will at once come to the charge, i-if the person ai)proaching gives a satisfactory reply, the sentinel will direct him to pass ; — after the challenge, *' Who vomes there,'' should the reply 1 Rounds," he must instantly demand <* WJiat Rouna f* i^ answered '♦ Grand Rounds," and he is posted at the guard house, he must turn out the guard, by calling out " Guard, turn out," remaining steady on his post till the officer has received them, ana they have passed. If he is posted elsewhere than at the guard house, after the reply of *' Grand Rounds," he must say, " Stand, Grand Rounds, advance one and give the countersign," immediately coming to the ** charge," in which position he will receive the countersign, after which he must desire them to pass, by saying »' Pass, Grand Rounds, alts well," shouldering his arms at the same time, and presenting as the rounds pass him. Visiting rounds are received in the same manner by sentinels. When double sentries are posted, the front one, on challenging, wJl come to the charge, and the rear one to the port. The duties of sentinels on out-posts before an enemy, ieyond that of vigilance on their posts, and a strict attention to the orders that are given them, can only be learned by practice ; — they never pay any compli- ments. » • • • >^ ^v^ {j: I IV 104. COMPLIMENTS TO BE Paid by Non-commissioned Officers and Soldiers to Officers of the Hoyal Navy^ Army^ and Marines. It is considered essential, that, in the case of the non- commissioned officer and soldier, as in the case of the officer, there should be one uniform mode of saluting a superior. * The recruit should accordingly, when at his ordinary arills, be taught to salute his superior in a soldierlike manner. ^ The following instructions are to be inculcated under this head. . When approaching to speak to an oiBcer, they should be taught to raise the arm to its full extent, at right angles with the body, and when horizontal (the fingers and thumb being kept together), to bring the hand to the peak of the cap, keeping the elbow square, the fore- finger and thamb feeling the edge of the peak. When passing an officer, they bring the hand, in like manner, to the peak of the cap, commencing wher; about four paces from him, turning the head and look- ing the officer in the face, and retaining the hand at the peak until he has passed him two paces, when the arui will be brought gradually to the side. The salute is to be given with the opposite hand to the side on which the officer may be ; consequently U will be necessary to prc.ctice the salute with the left hand as wel! as the right. X\ ai tl] to pi I iiers to nnes.. he non- e of the luting a rdinary dierlike 1 under 'should at right fingers land to le fore- in like ; vvhei; d look* I at the lie ana and to intly it he left 105 I i TO FIRE A FEU DE JOIE. The line drawn up at open order (double distance), with shouldered arms, and bayonets fixed. "With Blank Cartridge, Prime and Load. In quick time as per Regulation. Keady. As per regulation. Present. Klevated in the air. The right-hand man of the front rank commencts the fire, which will run down the front and up the rear, as quick as possible. When the right-hand man of the rear rank has fired, the whole will glance their eyes to the right, to bring the firelock to the priming position, tZ Jord" "^ ^^'""^ ''''* '^"''''" '^''^''^'' '^^^^'"S for Ready, Present. . . As before directed. - *.."; The same to be repeated a third time. . ' After the third fire, the whole will glance their evet to the right, to bring the firelocks to the position of prmie and load, and half cock together. Shoulder Arms.— Shut Pans.— Present Arms.— Shoulder Arms.— . Order Arms. As per regulations. JThree Cheers, l(C ... . » 106 FIRING. * a?. , When the recruit has attained a perfect knowledge of the Platoon Exercise he is to be carefully habituated in TAKING Aim; to this great object too much care and attention cannot be devoted ; it is the meana by which the soldier is taught to fire with precision, or, in other words, to kill his .enemy ; and it cannot be too strongly inculcated, that every man, who has no defect in his eyes, may be made a good shot at a fixed object. The firelock is placed in the soldiers hands for the destruction of his enemy ; his own safety depends on his efficient use of it, and no degree of perfection he may have attained in the other parts of his drill can, upon service, remedy any want of proficiency in this; indeed all his other instruction in marching and man- ceuvring with perfect steadiness and precision, can do no more than place him in the best possible situation for using his weapons with effect. The true principles upon which correct shooting may be taught are ex- tremely simple ; they are to be found in the natural connexion that exists between the hand and the eye ; the eye is the guide and regulator of every action of the hand, which can only act the part of a subordinate agent ; and constant practice must therefore be employ- ed to perfect the connection and enable them so to act together that the hand will readily raise the firelock ia a line with any object that the eye is fixed upon. FIXING FLINTS. The recruit? must be individually taught the truo principles which direct the fixing the flint. In fixing^ flints, no uniform mode should be attempted ; the flat *ide must be placed cither upwards or downwards, according to the size and shape of the flint, and also according to the proportion which the cock bears in height to the hamnieri which varies in different muskets ; )vvleclg«? dtuated cb caro ;ana by i» or, in ; be too ) defect object, for the ;nds Oil ;tion he rill can, in this ; id man- can do ituation inciples are ex- natural he eye ; ction of )rdinat6 employ- ) to act elcck ia [I. 107 this is ascertained by letting the cock gently down, and observing where the flint strikes the hammer, wliich ought to be at the distance of about one-tl)ird from the top of the hammer: — most diligent observation ought at the same time to be made whether every part of the tdge of the flint comes in contact with the hammer, so 03 to strike out the fire from the whole surface. A flint Mill often appear to the eye to be carefully and skilfully fixed, and to stand firm and square, yet on trial being made as above-directed, it will prove to have been very ill fixed, inasmuch as the surface of the hammer in some muskets, does not stand square, but stands a little aslant to the cock. Each particular flint, there- lore, requires its own particular mode of being fixed, so as to accommodate itself to the particular proportions and coiiformations of each particular lock. In what- ever position the flint should be, it niMst be screwed in firndy*, and the cock should be let down, in order to observe whether the flint passes clear of the barrel. Whenever a piece lias been fired, the first opportunity should be embraced of examining whether the flint remains good, and fixed as it ought to be, and no tima should be lost in correcting whatever may be found amiss, which may be done without the recruit falling out of the ranks, by his facing to the right if he belong* to the front rank, and to the left if belonging to the rear rank, at the Fame time seizing the stock at the small with the riglit hand, and letting it fall into the hollow of the left arm, the left hand will then hold the firelock at the lock, and at the same time assist the right in any alteration which may be requisite with the ftint. In this position, the recruits may also be practis- ed in taking off and putting ou their locks. he truo n fixing the flat n wards, md also bears in luskets ; » I* • Two pteoM of tery soft tead, wliich >m embrace the flint, are recom- Mentli'd to ensure this. 108 f I THE manual antf platoon nxndu^ or RIFLEMEN. The Manual Exercise. Of Carrying the Rifle. The rxflc is to be carried in the right hand, at arm's length, as in advanced armsj the cock resting upon the little finger^, the thumb upon the guard, and fore-finger under it, the upper part of the barrel close in the iiollov. of the shoulder, and the butt pressing upon the thigh. Present Arms. — Three Motions. 1st. The rifle is to be raised about two inches by the right hand, and brought for- ward a little from the shoulder, at the same time the left hand is brought briskly across the body, and seizes the rifle with a full grasp, even with the shoulder. 2nd. The right hand brings the rifle even with the face, and opposite the left eye, grasps the small of the stock, turning the lock outwards ; the left hand seizes it by the stock, so that the little finger touches i ti»t» 3 right I armsj QY^ the r under in the rcssing >ut two rht for- e same ' across a full le even ift eye, iTig the i it by ;ouches 109 the hammer-spring, on a level with the chin, the left elbow close to the butt. Srd. The rifle is brought in a straight line to the present, the cock turned inwards, and even with the bottom of the waistcoat, the right foot at the same instant is drawn back, so that the hollow of it may touch the left heel, the right hand holding the small of the stock between the fore-finger and thumb, the knuckles upwards, the three other fingers shut in the hand. Shoulder Arms.-~Tvro Motions. .t.^l**^'^^ ",^® '? brought quickly across the body to the right side, the right hand slipping round into the original position when shouldered, the left quits its hold, and seizes the rifle again smartly, even with the right shoulder, at the same time the riVht foot IS brought up in a line with the left? Snd. The left hand quits the rifle, and'is brought as quickly as possible to the position ot attention. Order Anni.^Tlirti! Motion*. 1st. At the word « Arms,*' the left hand fieizes the rifle even with the right shoulder; the rifle, as in the first motion of the pre- sent, IS raised about two inches. . 2nd. The right hand quits its hold, grasps the rifle round the muzzle, and brings It gently to the ground, even with the toe of the right foot, the wrist pressing against tne side and elbow as close as posst K 1 110 •'I: ^rd. The left hand is brought as before on the left thiffh. Arms. Shoulder At the word " Arms,** the rifle is thrown at once into the right shoulder by a jerk of the right hand ; the left catches it till the right seizes the rifle in the proper place, and is then instantly brought to its original position on the left thigh : but this must be done with the quickness of one motion. In the performance of this, as indeed of every other motion, the greatest care is to be taken to prevent the rifle falling to the ground, as it is an arm easily damaged. Support Arms. The rifle is brought across the body with the guard upwards, by bending the right arm ; the left hand is laid across the right. Carry Arms. The rifle is brought smartly on the right side, and the left hand on the left thigh. Trail Arms. The left hand seizes the rifle at the second pipe, the right close over the sight, and trails it on the right side at arm's length, the left falls back on the left thigh. Shoulder Arms,- . The rifle is brought to the shoulder, as from the order. From the Order to Trail Arms, Trail Arms, iud seizes The right low a$ before thrown jerk of till the ' place, 3rigmal nust be )«. leed of re is to ^ to the cd. ly with e right 3 right. le right igh. second id trails the left der, as IS. low aa b 111 possible, without constraint, then raises and catches it just above the sight. From the Trail to Order Arms. Order Arms. The rifle slides gently through the right hand to the ground ; when even with the right toe, the right . hand again grasps the ttmzzle. • Fix Bayonets, The rifle is thrown six inches to the front, the bayonet brought back-handed from the scabbard, locked by the thumb and fore- finger of the left hand, and the rifle brought back quickly to its place. Shoulder Arms. As before. Charge Bayonets.— One Motion. * The rifle is brought smartly into the hollow of the right hip, the left hand firmly grasped round the barrel with the thumb in rear of the sight, the right hand clear of the guard, and grasping the small of the butt, the right toe to the right, and the left toe to the front : the rear rank to remain at the shoulder. Shoulder Anns..»Two Motions. 1st. The rifle is thrown smartly into the shoulder, and steadied as before by the left hand. ^nd. Quit the left hand. Order Ami. As before. k2 1 < \ I 112 Unfix Bayonets. — One Motion. The rifle is brought briskly betweeen the kneeSy the lock in and guard out ; the bay- onet unlocked by the thumb and fore-iinger of the left hand, and knocked off by the right, at which time it is returned to the scabbard, directed by the thumb of the left hand on the top of the scabbard, when the rifle and left hand are brought to their pro- per position. Stand at Ease. The muzzle is brought to the front at the extent of the right arm, the elbow resting on the hip, the hollow of the right foot brought in rear of the left beel» and the left knee bent. PLATOON EXERCISE. Prepare to Load. 1st. Is the same as the first motion in the present arms. 2nd. The soldier half faces to the right, and in the motion brings down the rifle to a horizontal position, just above the right _ .p ; the left hand supports it at the swell of the stock, the elbow resting against the side, the right thumb against the hammer, the against the butt, the lock inclining a little to the body, to prevent the powder from 113 3n the 3 bay- iinger y the ;o the le left 3n the r pro- at the esting t foot be left in the right, le to a t _ .p ; of the le, the •, the • I little ' from falling out. The officer now warns the men, in going through the loading motions. To wait for the Words of Command. At the word. One. The pan is pushed open by the right thumb, the right hand then seizes the car- tridge with the three first fingers* Two. The cartridge is brought to the mouth, and r>laced between the two first right double teeth, the end twisted off and brought close to the pan. Three. The priming is shaken into the pan ; in doing which, to see that the powder is pro- perly lodged, the head must be bent ; the pan is shut by the third and little finger, the right hand then slides behind the cock, and holds the small part of the stock be- tween the third and little finger, and ball of the hand. Four, The soldier half faces to the left : the rifle is brought to the ground, with the barrel outwards, by sliding it with care through the left hand, which then seizes it near the muzzle, tne thurao siren^uuu wiui^g ii*^ o^^.-^^^ the butt is placed between the heels, the barrel between the knees, which must be bent for that purpose ; the cartridge is put K s I I ■ 114 into the barrel, and the ramrod seized with the fore-finger and thumb of the right hand. Bod. The ramrod is drawn quite out by the right hand, the left quits the rifle, and grasps the ramrod the breadth of a hand from the bottom, which is sunk one inch into the barrel. Borne. The cartridge will be forced down with both hands, giving two distinct strokes with the rod to ensure its being so ; the left then seizes the rifle about six inches from the muzzle, the soldier stands upright again^ draws out the ramrod with the right hand, and puts the end into the pipe. Return. The ramrod will be returned by the right hand, which then seizes the rifle below the left. ShouTder. ^ The right hand brings the rifle to the right shoulder, turning the guard outwards j the left seizes it above the hammer-spring till the right s its proper hold round the small of the s. k, when the left is drawn quickly to the. ijft thigh. Make Ready. ih, ' B the and Load," placing the thumb of the right hand on the cock : cock the rifle, then grasp **"^ vt^e jljUvj T/itU one Drisic mo same position as at the word *• liOii lu Prime \ Iwith hand. )y the grasps m the ;o the I with swith t then n the again^ handi I 115 the small of the butt, and place the fore- finger on the swivel nail, three fingers grasp- ing the guard, right .^ot drawn back. Present Raise the rifle to the present with the fore-finger within the guard ready to fire j in this too much jmins cannot be taken to prevent the recruit from raising his rifle with a jerk, it must be sufficiently raised so high that he may lay the right cheek on the butt, without too much stooping the head j particular care must be taken that the re- cruit in this position shuts the left eye in taking aim, the use of the sights being pre- viously explained, and takes his object. No word of command given to fire* right w the the ards| pring d the Irawn . oii m Prime right grasp §ii^ Iw. f'llaf 1 1 w Hi M I i'w Jft',;* till thu lar, I edg 117 II. INSTRUCTIONS FOB THB BRZl^Zi OF OrrZCERS, Jn order to establish and ensure an uniform mode of carrying the Swordy Saluting, &c., both on the March, and when Halted, The officers to be formed in line at liv aces dis- tant from each other, and standing at ea^e in the foU lowing manner: holding the sword in the right hand, v^ith the point lowered between the feet, the edge to the right, the hands together, the left coverinir the light. " The following motions will then be performed by word of coiiimand ;— DIRECTIONS. • Words of Commavd : — Attention— (Close Order.) Bring the arms to the position of '* Attention," the sword being hekl between the fore-finger and thu ib, the remaining fingers along the side of the handle, ready to grasp it, the upper part of the hilt resting upon the hand across the back part of the thumb, the edge direct to the front, and the back of the blade in the hollow of the right shoulder, elbows close to the body. Recover Swords. Take a grasp of the handle, bring up the hand, the thumb as high as the chin, and close in front of it, the thumb o»i the side of the handle, the blade perpendicu- lar, and the edge to the left. Fort Sworda. Bring the sword diagonally across the body, with the edge upwards, at the same time bending the left elbow, i !|! iir U 118 60 that the hand rises as high as the shoulder, the fin- gers being lightly dosed, with the blade passing between the fore-finger and thumb ; elbows close to the sides. Stand at Ease. As directed above. Attention — (Open Order.) Resume the position of '' Port Swords." Rear Rank, take Open Order. '. At the word " Order" bring the sword to the " Re- cover. March. Move forward three paces, and on completing the last, at the word " Stead?/" let the sword be brought to the position of " Port Swords." Present Arms. Bring the sword up to the " Recover" at the second motion of the firelock, and drop it at the third motion of the firelock, extending it to the right, parallel with the right foot; elbows close to the side; and at the same motion raise the left arm as high as the shoulder, the hand being brought round by a circular motion over the peak of the cap, the knuckles uppermost and fingers extended. ^ Shoulder Arms. Bring up the sword to the '< Recover" at the first motion of the firelock, the left arm resuming its posi- tion at the same time ; and at the second motion of the firelock, resume the position of " Port Swords." . . . Rear Rank, take Close Order. Face to tlie right, and as the right foot is drawn to the rear, bring up the sword to the " Recover." March. Move back into the onVInal linA. am] fvrini of thn --^Sft?- j,tt) VSA\^ same time, bringing the sword down to the right, in position of " Attention" — (close order.) 119 ;r, the fin- g between he sides. the " Re- leting the )rought to he second rd motion allel with nd at the shoulder, ar motion rmost and t the first I its posi- ion of the wn to the right, in TO SALUTE ON THE MARCH. The officers will fall in at five paces distant from each other in column, three or four officers being in one line, as when in front of a company, when they will march past and salute as follows :— The salute on the march in open order is to com- mence when at ten paces from the General, the officer on the right of the company giving a signal to prepare the other officers, by raising the fingers of the left hand. The sword is brought to the " Recover," by slowly ex- tending the arm to the right, and by a circular motion of the hand to the left ; and, without pause, the sword is gradually lowered with an extended arm to the right ; the tinie occupied in performing the motions will be that of four paces (commencing with the left foot) ; the left hand is then gradually raised over the peak of the cap, to the position already directed, two paces being required for this motion ; the head is turned to the officer saluted during the time of marching past. Hav- ing past him six paces, the sword is again brought to the " Recover," and to its original position in four paces, the officer on the right of the company giving the signal with the left hand. In inarching past in quick time the arms are to be kept perfectly steady to the sides, the sword in the hollow of the shoulder. The band and drums are to practise at this drill, which is never to be without a pendukuu and pace-stick. In taking post of exercise to the rear at open order, the officers, when fronted, will bring the swords to the position of " Attention," (close order), and on moving from thence to their places in line ""t close order, the swords to be brought to the " Recover," and when they have reached their place in line, resume the position of " Attention." On the march, or when the battalion is manoeuver- ing, the following position of the sword is to be adopted, viz : — The sword to be carried to the full extent of the arm, the right side of the guard resting on the inside of the fingers, the thumb having a sufficient grasp on the outside, so as to hold it with ease and flexiljility, the back of the blade being kept against the hollow of the right shoulder. '^ ii ; ' \ 120 With reference to that part of the Regulations for the Field Exercise and Evolutions of the Army, id which it is directed, that when troops in column at quarter distance are marching past at inspections in quick time, the mounted officers are to salute, it is to be understood^ that, if the troops have previously inarched round in slow time, the mounted officers are not to salute. i J I f m { FINIS. * Printed by Campbell ft Becket, Plaee D'Aram. ulations for B Army, io ^ column at \ ipectiont in U ute» it is to i previously 1 officen are j 1 I I