IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^c <;, .^^" ^"I'y how this sliip camJto be selected for the voyage to Hudson Bay. f - uw uo When it was decided to inquire anew into the question of the season during which Hudson Strait could fairly be considered navigable for commercial purposes, and to test the matter by sending out a ship which should proceed to the northf and if possible penetrate the strait at a much earlier date than had been contemplated on the former expeditions, it wae at once suggested that the department's ship "Stanley" should be employed tor this service. *^ This vessel had been built for winter service in the Strait of Northumberland She was of great strength and power and had ample accommodation, and to many she appeared to be in every way suited for the work. The question of her fitness haVing however, been submitted to Captain Finlayson, who had sailed her since her arrival in his country, and to her chief engineer, as well as to myself, we were all of the opinion that she was not a ht and proper ship for the proposed service, for the following amontr other reasons : — » amun^ Firstly : The '• Stanley » was built for a special service, where she had to meet with comparatively light ice. She draws but little at the bow, so that she can run up on Ibe ice and crush through it by her weight. She is fitted with tanks and pumping gear for iming her, that she may if she rises on i"'» +-" ^-^ *— i-- ^^ > ^ ^° ^ ■ 116—1 may too heavy for her to break through, ' Vtf .1 ml MA ■ :mi-'. i.'iitt' It- MAIllXie AXO FISH K III KS. «ithpr add to lier weight forward and crush it down, or by deepening her aft, slide hack off it. AH this may be done in ligiit field ice, but with such ice an is met with in Hud- son Htrait this sort of maniuuvering would be useless and impossible. Secondly : The "Stanley," strong as she undoubtedly is, would not be able to stand any heavy ice pressure. It is well known that the simple tumble home of the light ice ■with which she has to contend has aIro,.dy dinged her between the frame.s, and we have been obliged to double her. A vessel to be able to stand a nip must be almost solid in the Willis, and there must be no considerable sj)ace between the timbers. Thirdly : In light ice .-^uch as the " Stanley " has to contend with, her screw, which is of great diameter and fixed, is safe, but in heavy ice, with her lino run, it would always be in danger and would certjiinly be carried away. Should she lose her screw .she would be absolutely helplos^s, as the littlt; canvas she carries on her pole-masts would be of no use whatever. Vessels (itted for ice have either removable screws or screws of small diameter. The rudder of the "Stanley " is not removable alloat and could not be replaced by a spare one in the event of accident. Ships fitted foi' extended ice naviga- tion carry spare rudders which can be shipped afloat, are well supplied with canvas, and could if )iecessary be wholly managed under sail. Fourthly : Being built for a shoit ferry service, the " Stanley's " consumption of coal is altogether out of proportion with her coal carrying capacity; she has no room for coal for an extended voyage and could not senture more than a couple of weeks from her coal bas(\ The cost of coal delivered at the entrance to the Hudson Strait for the season would amount to more than the charter of a suitable ves.sel. Fifthly : Experience with the " Stanley " has shown that she makes her best woik when (juite light, that is, as light as .she can be kept; for owing to her heavy hull and tanks and the great weight of her machinery she always draws a good deal of water. With provision and coal for a long voyage, foi- which work she was not fitted and con- structed, she would be unduly deep, show but little freeboard and offer to the ice a wall .side which it was never intended to subject to lateral ice pressure. In such a trim she would not be safe in the ice of the Strait of Northumberland to say nothing of the heavy field or rafted ice which one nmst expect to meet in Hud.son Strait. Other reasons could be given why the " Stanley " is not a suitable vessel for an expedition, or experimental voyage, such as it was proposed we should make and I therefore, strongly urged the department not to think of employing her. Our experience of the ice in Hudson Stiait in June and the early days of July was such that I am fully convinced I was right in the advice I gave. On many occasions we were subject to pressure such as the " Staidey," good ship Hs she is, could not have withstood for an instant, and what the " Staidey " can not ^tand in ice it would be madness to think of putting the ordinary iron or steel ship of connnerce into. Had I been only making a voyage '\\\U> Hudson Bay between July and October, I vould have had no objection to offer to the "Stanley" beyond the one of C(jst; she would answer for this sort of a trip bttter than any other ship I know of. This however was jiot what I had to do. (Jiven the known climatic and ice condition in Hudson Stiait in June and the results of the experience of those who have navigated the strait from the days of Hud- son down, I had l:o see that the expedition was provided with a ship properly constructed for ice navigation. This being the case, I advi.sed that we charter a ves.sel such as is ordinarily ^used in the seal or whale fishery. That T was correct in giving this Jidvice, is ]iroved by the fact that, about a month after I had done so, a copy of a letter from Admiral JVIarkhain was leceived by your department advising the charter of either the " Terra- Nova" or " Elsquimaux," — Dundee steam whalers of exactly the same type as the vessel I had suggested. Adtniral Markham, in his letter recommending either of these vessels, says : — "Both would be admirably adapted foi- the puipose we would require, viz., to report on the state and condition of the ice in the strait during the summer months. If the Canadian Government have voted $35,000 for the survey of Hudson Strait I do not see why they should not charter one or the other of these ships. They po.sse8s a speed of about eight knots and are specially constructed for ice navigation." HUDSOy HA Y EXPEhlTlOS OF ISO?. 3 The aJwve statement, from one ho admirably Htted to iudire should not at r««f th^ It should be borne in mind that Admiral Markhara, besides being one of the mnnf " A eTt.: /u V /Srr '"7r"' "".'^^ ^ ^«^'^«« **"•-«»' Hudson sCtonbotrd the naaJd^:'-""°"'"^ '"'''" "'" '''°^ '*''' ''^''^'^^^ *«'^"^«« '^"d horse power of the vessels Name. Torra Nova. Jlitqiiimanx. Diana How built. Wood Where built. Duiidf When built. 1884 1S(!5 mo Tons not. 450 4fi6 27r> Tous Horse KroHH. IKiwor. 744 120 Screw, 50;{ 70 M 47.H 70 1. rebui t hxTsio Sl^« r'"* f. '^"^ '\" ^'''"'^ " *h«"«'^ ^"S^n^iUy built in 1870 wa.s Indll'ptticaryrnersw"^^^^ builders • tho.^uKhly opened o.^t handiest anS fastest Jlf the Dut ship] '''"'' ''" "P"'^*"" '' '"'"^ °- «^ ^l- Among other vessels suggested to your department was the " Port Piri^ " Ti ■ ship figures in the Mercantile Navy List as belonTn-r n 7l?. a 1 . t' , ' ThS; T ?° ""* '•" '''^'"'^ '"°"^d ^^ ^bout the first week in October " tunhe;r„rat„t°r:X1„XTnVrdtn""'' "" ""'' "'°™ ^'™- ™ ' III! I if % H ' ! it i .' ii. 11 lis MAIilSE ASJJ rm HE RIBS. the strait, to ascertain its navinaiiility, and, having reached tho bay, to return to the Athintic and make Movoral trip.t in and out, and, after liaving Hettlod the i|uesti(m as t'ai- ns it could be settled in the Hprini; and when all doubt as to the navigability wiih passeil, I was to leave the strait and proceed on other work; resuming the navigation of the strait in the autumn of the year with a view of determining how late it is navigable, and for thiu purpose to repeat the operation of cruising, in and out, as I did in the spring. Hy these instructions it is aiiinitted that there is a season when there is no doubt of the navigability of the strait and, during this season, when prosuniably they are navigable for commercial purposes, I was not instructed to remain there. Therefore for the work we had to do — that of pressing through the strait and into the bay at the earliest possible moment and remaining in the fall beyond the date which my predecessor had suggested for tho close of navigation — I certainly required a suitably constructed sliip and, given tho conditions wo met with, we could have had no more tit or suitable vessel than the " Diana," and such a ship as the " Port Pirie " would never have survived the test. The officers and men of the " Diana " were selected with special care and a due regard to the nature of the navigation required. The navigating officer, Capt. Whitley, had an extended experience; he was specially recommended by Messrs. Job Brotheis, of St. John's, Newfoundland, owners of the " Diana" and other vessels of the same type. He had served under, and was recommended by, Capt. Samuel Blandford, one of the best known and most successful ice captains in Newfoundland. Captain Ulandford had him- self made several voyages to Hudson Strait and was the tirst to discover the great cod fishing resources in the neighbourhood of Cape Chudleigh and Button Iblanda. Captain .lames Joy, of St. John's, was selected as first officer. He also had handled ships in the ice and had served as ice master on several of the Dundee vessels. Capt. Joy had the additional recommendation th.,t he had made several fishing voyages to the mouth of Hudson Strait in the SS. " Nimrod " and was already conversant with the cur- rents and the movements of the ice in Ungava Bay and round the moutii of the strait. Even the petty officers and men had, nearly all of them, been engaged either on whalers, Arctic relief vessels, or on the former expeditions to the Hudson Bay and Strait made under Captain Gordon ; so that every possible precaution was taken both in the choice of the vessel and in the selection of the officers and crew to man her. We had hoped to have had the " Diana " at Halifax in time to have left by the 20th of May; but, owing to her delay in the ice at the sealing, she only reached Halifax on the 16th of May, and wo were engaged until the 3rd of June in taking in supplies, coaling and fitting up the saloon and staterooms in the 'tween decks forward, for our passengers. We had on board, when we left Halifax, on the ship's Vjooks : — the officer in command, sailing master. 1 1 2 mates. .'} boatswain, carpenter and coxswain. 1 2 able seamen. 2 1 I 1 2 2 ?, engineers. oilers and stokers. secretary and photographei". chief steward. cooks. assistant stewards. members of the Geological Survo^ 6 men in employ of do 1 representative for Manitoba and the North-west Territories, or 43 persons in all on board at the date of sailing. Up to the last moment we had expected that Captain Edmund Burke, ll.N., would have accompanied the expedition, and suitable accommodation had been provided CaU HUDSON OA r EXl'JUDITJOX OF 1807. 5 for him. Ono of tho K.'ntloiuen of the Geologiortl Survey was not accomnamVd by ths usual asHistant, 80 thai tho nuinl.er for which \ had provided accommodation was rt'duced by two. Tho ship was provisioned for u crow of fifty, for a voyage of Hcvontoon montha. List of some of the terms used in ice navigation by whalers, sealers and others. ^'o** A large mass of floating ice. ^""^ '^ s'l'iill tloo or small piece j one that can be foroeii aside or slowed. -.^ '"'''; V. lar«o body of ice that may bo socn around. Land fl(>e le*) frozen fast to the shore. I'uokud ice Aro small pieces closed together and lu-ld by tho pressure of ice and currents. ^•^^ ^''"'^ Is 'I peculiar palo yollow relloction on tho sky ; indicating . the presonco of ice at a distance. 1 he ICO pack is that lar^o body of .solid ico extending acro.ss tho whole , . sea and beyond which it is impossii)lo to advance. hiack ICO Is detached, so that it can be worked through. Ice is .said to be slacking when it begins to be open so as to bo navigable. Running abroad Ice is said to be running abroad when it opens out or slacks away so as to bo navigable. ^ "^'P Ice is said to be nipping when it begins to close by rea- son of the action of winds or currents, so as to pre- . vent the passage of a vessel. ^'■^'^''"8 Ice is calving when tho small pieces brcsak oiF from the hottom and rise to the surface of the water. A 1 r j'l' "] ^'^ '*■ '^''"'P "* "iivigable water oi)ening into the pack. A blind lead, a pocket [s a short opening into the pack and terminating against solid or thick ice. Hummocky ice Is rough, uneven or thick ice. Pomdge ice Ts small, finely ground up ice. ~!y ' '^ ""^o^ afloat and forming into ice. '^'^'} fs thin young new ice, just formed in thin sheets. ■-''^"y Is loose new ice. Waking Is the following in the wake of another vessel through leads and slack ice. Backing, ramming or butting.Ig backing off and running the ship at ice in order to force or head a way through it. ^'*^^^^"g Ts forcing the vessel ahead against the coiner of a piece of ice, with the intention of causing it to slew or swing „ . out of the way, so as to force a passage by it. Iracking jg following along the edge of the ice pack. Water sky Is a dark or bluish appearance of the sky indicating open water beyond the pack. Slatches .\re considerable pools of open water in the ice. ^^''''^''" \ Is a small pool of open water in the ice. ftwatclnng . Watching for seals round a swatch. P '''*" Is the sound of the sea breaking against ice. f^°*^; N'ewfoundland term for wash. ^'"■^^"^S Occurs when two pans meet with force either by the action of the winds or currents — the edges are broken off and either rise on top of or passs under the body . of the pans. Pressure ridge Is the ridge or nail thrown up while the ice has rafted. i'ifj If P I !' 1 tf- m 6 MAlilNE AND FISHERIES. Grcwler . . . , Is a more or less washed and rounded lump of ice which rolls about in the water, formed from broken up bergs or detached pieces of heavy old Arctic floe ice. Decker Rafter at a pressure ridge (Newfoundland). Black slieet Is thin dark looking ice with no snow on it ; usually found between pans of older ice. At uight or at a distance looks like open water. Collar ice Is the margin of ice froze fast to an island or shore, pre- senting an abrupt wall against which the floating ice rises and falls with the tide. , \ r»ART I. DAILY JOURNAL OF THE EXPEDITION. Thursday, 3rd June, 1897,— The members of the expedition being on board, together with the necessary stores, we left Halifax at 1 p. m. Weather fine and clear ; rounded the inner automatic buoy at 3 p.m., and stood up for Scatari. Wind southerly with rain and liaze. Stood a little further off the land as the night came on. Friday, 4th June.— Night dark with heavy showers. At 4 a,m., hauled in to make the land of Cape Breton; 8 a.m., morning fine and clear, with a haze over the land. Noon— came on strong breeze from the northeast, which freshened during the afternoon and somewhat stopped our headway. Rounded Scatari at 5.30 p.m., and shaped our course midway between Cape Ray and St. Paul's. Saturday, 5th June.— At daylight saw both lands ; stood up for Cape Anguille. Fine, calm and smcoth in the morning. Weather warm during the day ; towards sun- set, wind freshened from the north-east and got coldyr Abreast of Bay of Islands at 8.30 p.m. "^ Sunday, 6th June.— Fine, clear weather. Point Rich abeam about ten miles off at 10 a.m. Headed down for the centre of the strait. Passed Greenly Island at 3.30 j>.m., and stood on down. Met a little open ice to the west of Point Amour ; this ice increased as we stood to the eastwi'.rd. Worked the ship through it at full speed until after sunset, about 9 p.m., when slowed down and went ahead easy. Off Cape Norman light at 10 p.m. Ice open but getting heavier ; a few growlers here and there among tho field ice. Barometer 30-2 and falling. At 10.30 p.m. we stopped the ship in the ice for the night. Monday, 7th June.— Under way at daylight. 2.30 a.m. worked ship out of tho ice to the northward into comparatively clear water. Strong north-east, very cold. At 7.15 a.m., passed close off Table Island and stood along shore; light open ice and a few small bergs. Off Battle Harbour at 8 a.m. A boat came out to us, stopped the ship, y 'd the occupar.vs came on board. All well here ; this is the first ship that has The spring had be^n early and for some time westerly winds had prevailed le ice hcd been seen. The people report a hard winter further north. They a will not likely meet much ice. Continued at 8.30 a.m. Soon met more ice I'l being set on shore by the strong north-east breeze now blowing. Working through more o.-less open ice all day. The ice is heavy and sound, showing no signs of having been honeycombed by heat. We worked through the ice in an off shore direction. In spite of the scrong breeze blowing the water is quite smooth, which shows there must be a considerable body of ice outside of us. At 7.45 p.m. ice close all about, and, weather coming on thick, jammed the .ship into ice and stopped the engines.' Position about ei^ht miles off Round Island. Before it came down thick had ice all about us as far as we could see. Tuesday, 8th June. — At 2 a.ra. under way and working slowly through the ice under easy .-^team. Ice very heavy and compact inside of us ; headed the ship in an off shore direction to get into slacker ice. Some water sky showing oft" to the eastward. Only a yes.sel specially constructed and fortified for ice could stand driving at it as we did this morning. Had a light fall of snow for a short time during the morning. At 10.15 am. got into some open ice and proceeded full steam ; passed Wolf Island about ten miles off at 8.30 a.m. Steamed in a northerly direction all day : at times thp \ surface 31°. Drifted to the southward slightly. From an observation this noon, it seems we have drifted to the south about twenty miles since we were beset on Wednesday. This p.m. the fog lifted for a short while, and quite a heavy swell was perceptible in the ice, which loosened somewhat about the ship. Came down thick again at 4 p.m. The swell subsided and the ice again packed closely about the vessel with a good deal of grinding and groaning. While the weather was clear, no open water could be seen, but the ice blink to the eastward was distinct. Wet and thick all evening. Crew engaged to-day in cleaning up the ship. Sunday, 1 3th J une. — A good deal of swell perceptible in the ice to-day ; for short intervals the fog lifted, and the ice slacked about the vessel. At 7 p.m. began to see lanes of open water to the south-east. Fog closed down again at 8.30 p.m. Monday, 14th June. — Heavy swell during the night and the vessel was pounded a good deal. The swell s'lbsided at 4 a.m. Thick all night. At 9.15 a.m. weather clearing. Got under way and steamed in a south-easterly direction, through some very heavy ice, much of it reaching above the rail. At 11 a.m. ice closing in again all around ; stopped the ship as we were making no progress ; came down thick again. Crew engaged taking in fresh water from the ice. One hundred and twenty fathoms no bottom, 29*. Tuesday, 15th Jane. — Strong north-east, with rain from midnight. Ice set tight about the ship ; no swell ; barometer fell last ni!>ht to 296° ; we hope that when the glass next rises, the wind will haul to the westward and set the ice off shore ; same weather all day and evening with heavy showers at intervals ; 64 fathoms ; 29° at bottom. Wednesday, 16th June — Same conditions continue with fog and rain ; 55 fathoms at 7 a.m. Ice closely packed around the ship ; the ice is in large pans ; it is old heavy ice of great thickness, much of it floating six or eight feet above water ; wind this after- HUDSON BAY EXPEDITION OF 1S97. 9 same nooa from the north-east. When the fog lifts a little we see no signs of open water in any direction. Fog and rain continue to midnight. Ice close packed all about. Thursday, 17th June.— Shortly after midnight heavy swell came on from the south- east and ice began to run abroad ; at 2 a.m got under way to clear ship from the pans ; heading the ship in an easterly direction under easy steam ; rain, snow and fog ; passed through some very heavy ice, much of it from twenty to forty feet in thickness" worked our way at varying speed through the leads ; ice gradually opening out ; at 9.15 a.m. more open water and lighter ice; went ahead full speed north north east; still thick with snow flurries ; heavy swell from the south-east ; wind veering to the north ; in the afternoon the wind backed to the south southeast. By 6 p.m. came down quite thick ; at 8 p.m. too thick to run, laid the ship to for the night under middle stay-sail, head to the sea ; fog and snow showers to midnight. Friday, 18th June.— Weather clearing. At 1.30 a.m. started ahead ; snow showers at intervals. At 4 a.m. came up to a barrier of light ice with open water beyond. Headed the ship out to the eastward, and got clear of the ice again at 9 a.m. The ice we passed through this morning consisted of large pans of bright blue ice having very httle snow on it. This ice was extremely hard, and as the ship had to be put at it at full speed to force her way through, the pounding was very severe ; snow and rain all morning. At 3 p.m. too thick to run, as we found the ice heavy all about us. The ice yesterday and today seems to be in lanes parallel with the shore, with open water between. On keeping oft" to the eastward and getting through or around one lane of the ice, we found that after following it for some time we were again headed by another. Passed to-day several unusually large bergs ; those are coming down through the field ice, leaving long lanes of open water behind them. The field ice which we have been passing or skirting to day is old and heavy, many of the pans floating four and five feet above the water, showing that they must be from twenty to thirty feet in thicknc'^s ; this ice is blue and hard, and from most of it the surface coating of snow is "one. x\t 4 p.m. wind freshened from the eastward ; set stay-sail and let the ship dii °e towards the north-east in the ice. 'f : /, Saturday, 19th June.— Heavy roll all night. At 2.45 a.m. got under way and stocdout to the eastward through the ice; made the eastern edge of the ict at 7 a.m. Had a rough time, and got a good many severe knocks coming out of the ice in a lieavy sea. The ice was heavy, showing signs of much grinding and washing, all sno>v bein" gone from it. As soon as we were well clear of the ice, stood away along its outer edo^e" at first to the north-east and later to the north. Heavy roll all day. Got fore and aft canvas on the ship to steady her. The glass had risen from 297° at 6 a.m. to 30' at 3 p.m. Wind freshened again from the north-east. Came on thick, no ice in siirds, por- poises and a few finner whales. Tuesday, 22nd Juno. — The night was fine and clear as day. Stood along ilie edge of the ice field until 5 a.m., when, being slightly to the north of the Gist parallel, we decided to take the first fair looking lead that offered and head in for the ii,:, If »; , 14 MARINE AND FISHERIES. I. f H forward as far as she would go into a heavy nan ahpafi nf han Ti ^ • *. j iff .At k *t 'P^''* t"^ "^^ ^^'^ ""^ ^"'•*^»^«'- harm. All h;nds had previous v been told off to the boats, supplies were on deck ready to be thrown over on theTe and waiting abri3ef:ou?h&;rtS:at^^^^^^^^ -of ^^^"^ and climbing over the hummocks for several hours before their arrival Two Jill invited our Esquimaux guests to leave us an^d^o a'sh^le but hey ISe no ? tempt'to'Z so. Our Esquimaux left us at noon, thev had'with them some very cCl specimens o island T. "^ '"""'" ''•"'" f«'»«-f»-- 'O"-! ^he shores of Ua/n'sllnd K rd^fiL Island They managed to explain to us before leaving that there was no one at Cant^ .Spicers old station, and that he had left there a long lime ago. T^e ice iked atat again about 4 p.m. and we steamed on a short distance to avdd some heavy nans whioi^ were unpleasantly near. We made fast to a small pan among what Imed We li^hfp and .softer ice, but these extensive and heavy pans are all'about a^ when the ^^^^^^^^^ Tr£swJiorfT''T !?''"'«•' -■-■^VthingX so that it irdi^ult lo a o^ them Thfsl S i yesterday ,s now rising, and there is appearance of a westerly wkd This what we want to open out the jam ahead. .Sounded in 160 fathoms • temDerrture at bottom and midway down 29^ at the surface, 33°, in the air 40" ; Imrd iSZm and forS.tl'!;t-d ' h' ' ' ""■ ')! T^ '''T' "P '^•^•" '""^ ^-^'--^ -*»' -in -_3 _iiu .11, nr. panned tigiiuy about the ship. Barometer fallinrr At 7 « .« tu^ ■ Evfted up oil ilplessly by, the force of ly been told and waiting ing a fresh 'h. We are Esquimaux ding among fwo of the !old, though They could and seemed the island ; TOning and 1 there was lore secure ; immense pan which umference, I thickness. ?ht ancles, shoved up iree partly and pretty that one of lot give us !St of here, i not hurt er pintails Bce of oak ntion, and itil we get 1, working y see the seen any- 3 out the oard bow. from the We have mpt to do ciniens of shind Big ' at Capt. ked aw&y ms whicli )e lighter the tide )id them, rly wind, iperature x)!n. with rain aa. the ice tarboard distance A, •Jl I', 4'. HUDSON BAY EXPEDITION OF isur. 16 from the ship At 8 p m. had a very severe nip ; squeeze c«mo heaviest about the fore rhama. The between deck and the main deck were hove up and began to leak ; the fore riggmg hung quite slack and the ship strained and crmked terribly. The pressure kept up until p.iu The ice banked up on the port side level with the rail, while on the starboard Hide it broke off and passed under the shi,,, she was finally lifted about five teet out of the water p.nd the pressure was relieved. For a time we were very anxious and stood ready to leave tlie ship. ' Monday, 5th July.— Ice began at 8 a.m. to slack away from the ship. Eastnrlv to south-west winds with rain and fog at intervals ; towards evening the fog lifte.l enough tolet us seeBig Island. We found we had drifted about ten miles to tie north-west and that we were now about five miles ofi" the land, a little to the west of the beacon. Jn the evening the ice i)egan to come up from under the ship in large quantities and she again became water-borne. The gla.ss which had been fallin- since yesterday is begmnmg to rise. No sign of open water anywhere ; as far as we can see the ice is closely packed and greatly rafted, though there has lieen no rafting to-day. The ice is evidently spreading out to the eastward, and the pressure against the shore of V.W Island IS being relieved. o ^ivi Tuesday, 6th July.-With the rising glass we had hoped for west to nortli-west wind and clear weather, but this has not come. About 3 p.m. it began to blow half a -ale from the north to the north-west, with snow and sleet. The ice is closely packed about us, but there is no rafting or shoving. We are now on the windward side of the ice, so that there being n.) great body of it between the ship and Big Island we are not in nmcn danger of a nip. If tlie wind continues we would hope for a lane of open water or for slack ice along the shore to tha northward. The ice about us is heavy, most of It being by measiirement fro.n si.x to twenty feet thick ; there are no bergs oi- growlers visible At 2.20 p.ni ice ran abroad a little and we at once began working our way ahead through the pack until 4.30 p.m. when it closed down with no sign of a°i openin" ahead we stopped the ship in what seemed to be a soft spot. The ship is comin- to herself again to-day, the rigging is tightening up of its own accord, a close examination sliows the deck seams started in many places, the deck about the galley, iust abaft the toremast has been started up from the beams; the rain now pourT through many places all ot which were quite tight before the nip. Wo repaired the rSdder bv respiking the iron plates on either sides, this has stiffened it somewhat. At 6 30 p in moved the ship into a better berth by backing and filling through the ice, as two heavy pans had ran^^d themselves along our port side. We are now drifting in a south- easterly direccion with the pack. Wednesday, 7th July.-Day begins with fog ; about 10 a.ra. cleared a little, and 'and.^ We are about twelve miles off Big Island and ten miles south-east ■ ye^sterday. Outside of us the pack is heavier than about us, and the >V md during the day was all around the compass. The glass at 7 45 s, and It IS now raining hard. The ice is closely packed about us but ig. One unusually heavy pan has ranged along our port side, and we have been ooliged to get nd of it by working the ship ahead and astern so as to have some smaller and softer ice about her. Thursday, 8th July.— Wind hauled more to the north-west at 6 a.m. Durin" the mght we have been driven close in towards the shore near the easternmost erui of bavage Islands. There is evidently a strong set of the tide through the channels amon- these islands, as we have been twice carried in this direction. Much heavy ice and arge pans packed close about us. At 5 a.m., from the crow's nest, made out open water to the south, and at once began to bore our way in that direction. We found it very heavy work at first, as the pans were too heavy to swing. However, by dint of pe' P " '"* '"'"' ''''" "^ ''''"''' -uid judge, ."uehof ir;n';,:t'ir Sul^^^^^^^ 'T-^^ ^-•- - ice to-dav the " Diana " l>eh,.v<:.rl o,l, . " , -^ "'^'^>^ ^^^V^^'^P*"' In working out of the tl.-n,or"in dodging S or ot ail: r^^^^^^^^ by splitting pans by ramming at enabled her to twi^t he" waj an on! U^Ln^f r'''''^''^ ^T- ? '« l^*"^^"'^^^ ^-l"^!' «liip could not have done AnTr fnarvS n ^ "f^^e'-jhich „ unger or less handv pack, as it was extreL"^ hety^t S: rhowt nd" ^""^" ^"'"^,? t"-"^"- ^'^ *'''^ .ow belt of ice ; Ld the:k:i::i il: 7SL::^z^i^^-^t'- '' ^ - Friday, 16th July.-At 4 a.m. we are abreast of the entrance to TCin^ r >^ound .seeing no ice inside; decided to put Mr Low off here Pn?.. i ,! ^l^*":^'" with a boat ahead also soundin-- when we 1 n7n .).! % f^oing slow by the lea,l kyacks coming out to us. TliJs^ mli i d cated the lit ''^"""^ '"^^ ^'^''^ Esquimaux in the western hmd at 8 a.m in Steen fltl o n. „, H ^"^^^orage. We anchored undor Mr. Low's yacht out; did" this sS, [";''?'"« J^"^ began at once to get ready to hoist found our anchora-^e un f(. i fact we l..,,t F uJ?T- '"^ ^^'' ^"'^ '""""""S' *^nd w. second officer to e^uni et rti^ u ' tie oui d ?or U T' 'T'^ '"'' ''''' ^ ^oat wi, 1, reported good safe shelter a few nX fuXr in he"wi '"'''T'^ "' ' P'"" '^•"' water five fathoms at low tide Got under wlv'ol ? 'i ^'^'^ P'^'^'^S^ '"' ^^'''^ wluoh I called /;««,/«,. /Jw. FouncThere a :pMdltT^"""'•''l: *'^ '"'•'•""'■ close inshore, a snmoth beach on oTide with hi^ht'f '''''*J°"'" ^ ample wat.r Anchored close inshore in tenfa* W atTnT w^* , u "" ^.^'^ ''^^^''> '"»'' bottom, hunting white whales, .s^llsLd wl us th^e'; have' Zt foS*'"^ '^""'V' "^*^^"^ and grease. The engineer reports the c;nde.Lri::ki7^decld lo albw h n "t^ "' t ' the nece.ssary repairs at once. ® uetiaea to allow hmi to makr own fn th:?r^;eVLowt^'^ffenT^^^ T' ""^ 'f" '^ '^"PP'^^' -"^ ^^owing ou, noon, found u small nver emptying into the head of the arm, theEsquhuaux told us nuDso.y BAY ExrEjjirioK of iso7. k' him to make 19 tliat large trout could be found in if • amhor take u % nor the bait; they app^ t: Rdi^^^talr'' '"' ''''' "°"^^ Talett^U:^ T^:^1^,:Z '±r:ll'] ^-V ^^^^ - ^^-^ ^* -- for a.. si.ore. We entered.the ice at 1 30 p m shanfn "''""' *'" '"''^'^ ^^ ^^e .southern ice light, much worn and open We" einf-^'» 'T'' l"^' ^'^ I"^'-"^' ^"'"1 the t.me gonjg full speed, avoiding the l^S pan and . ?"? '' '"''"^ "^ ''' "'^^ -^ ^he then, and going straight through the ligS rTce Made M- r l"'"^' » ^ '"'"^'"^ ''"""^ "" -as hazy over the land, we made fas! to a £.e pan to 1 'f ^'f "^^ ?■">■' *^"^" -^^ niornnig Any suitably protected steamer tlmtcoriV ^°'' '^'"^""'^^ "'' '"'^ther through the ice we n,et to-day as easily as we Z ™''"^'""'-« ^^"^ ^"ould have gone made better time in the lightVashyL but ami P"^^'*^''^"' «'"> ^""Id have du better, owing to her ability to turn m.Sci; ^'L ' '^"; T' '^'^ " ^^^'^"'^ " ^ou\d and down the strait with open wato'- t about ten ,T ^^'^ °^ ^'^ht open ice up ^\ e saw one small berg to the northward a we w ' ' ' '"^ '^'' '^°'-" '^'^ ''''^^ ^^e r?3;s™:r^^ -'-'' -"^^^- ^''- - ^^^'erSncr:f?Si'£;^t -Monday, 19th Jul v Af o Qr» „ -^ i ■ „ a.m., and at 4 a.m. we (vere oVt e en'tranSt^lshrinrt '"'' L '^J'^^^ ^^^ '^--^ ^^ 3 i^-n nn es of open water. Found the inirfu H ^f ce "? ^, T ^'"^^•f^'^^ '^^'^^S^ about up wuh the recent high tides and is now com n^ '!' u^'^' ^f ^^^'^^^'^y J"«t broken .^l.ore ice collar ice) is still attached to the m l.^ i? T *''^ "'"'tt'erly wind. The Jiell s yacht now. Backed oif and d eicled to waf "T"'^ ' ^ ^^'f" "^ P""'«g «ver Dr! wmd would do. .Stood off shore a cou^ ot mS U T "''^' ''^'^ ^'^"'"=" *^'^« '"^"^ the uund the ice mostly gone; stood in and 'u^cl™ ed offtl IV"'"" '"'"a^? "" ''''' '''^'' ^"^ Inose ice floating about. At n,.-.. ..1 , "'^. 'l'^. *''" ^ouse. At 9.45 a.m. still some loose ice floating aboift ArZe n.- ' '"'."'', ""^ '''" ^^°"^ :l.is was done. f1.. K .:.. 1' ?""' ,P'^"I?'-«d ^o hoist out D, Bells yacht. At 6 p.m. this was done, t1,e b" Kst rm h ,^''T , '" ''«''*^ °"t ;..eterfalling.^^!S^^^-t£;^--:^^^^i-^^^ l).tck mto the inlet which is open to this twi r : ' «.^; ''"'' ^''^ '«« ^"'"i"? ' 'tpidly -ptain to run up into a cove a^t the head Jhe inS f f^ ^'''^\ ""' i"structed^iei iH'lp the ship if the entering ice forced ,?.Vn! ' '•'^"'"^ ^^ '''^^' s'"'-^'" "P I'eady to -iil he high a little before mSni^^d whL th^i S'"^? "^, ^^'^^^'•^ ^' '"^--als ; tide the supplies on board the yacht The house heV °f^ u""'^' ^^« ^'^^'^ y^^ to get the flagstaff is standing an.i the pipe proTecUn tf""'',*", ^" ^'"""^ """^^^ ^« '^ -^s le'ft - paper, etc are lying^about jusr^s tC'we 1eft"bfV'";"°' = "^^^ -^ ends such tl.t Lieut. Peary and a party i,f live had'clued he e in'the << F^„:". 1'^^' '' ^^P^^''^ Tuesdav onu, TIC. , "cieintne Jr..,pe last season. :;^i". tide : ^a^:;; k^'^e ^^^^^^2:^ r t " 'rT '- ^'^ ^- -^^^ *•- ■i a.m. when with the falling tfde and the wind whiff 7"^ '''''"^" '^^ ^"•^hor until •iorth-west the ice went out. At 7 4 5 am tlT u. ''^'^ '''""•' ''"""^^ *" tHe north i'-d, at 11.15 a.m. Dr. Bell cL^t off ™We S^^^^^^^^^^ eastern entrance of the strait; when clea. of ft!, ^''f .^^''^o"^ at 1.30 p.m. for the 'inven out of it since the wind Chang Hi w^ ^he ice which had been sails and the log and stood out of the sTrii i?, tho r V" ^P^'^^'^ten set all square ■ resh north-west wind, ship makinrten knots ,Ser;'^^ '^' ^""°" I«l^"ds. ti.aJ._on and evening six snl^Ul berg^t ^^^ S'^h^ ^^ «eld I^^i^? •"f e^^tS:; isSi;!;:'^:^s^r is S^i: riSl7 ^ ^'^ v° '^^- ^^ ^- ^^ -«• extends along the Cape Chudlei f ice utton Islands ; it i.s much wo fand broket !, 1T '' • '"•''" l"" '^' ^^^^^-''d of ' •3 he Buttons. The wind is haulhi.. moit ^fh! 'V'^'T"" ^"^°''« ^^^'^ ^'"d round . "Sava Bay round the Cape 070^.™"! ore ToZ "'\t '" !.^"^'"S *^« ^^^ ^^^ o. ">" of Resolution Island and out o 'he s rait Z .2 ""''^ ^"'^ ^'^^ *«d in the direc- '-.e over the land which prevents u.s s Tng .' olelhr Z •'" '""l "^ '^" '"^^'^^ ^' ^ At 11 a.m the Buttons being abeam abou't en miles off an*?"", Resolution Island. 1U--21 ^^ *'" "^"d seeing no ice whatever 1 '1,1 '1 •11 |li| ■'*r»- 1 M MARINE AND FISHERIES. I i ' ^• ahead, put the ship about, and stood back ud the strain Ac t nothing to prevent any vessel from steamL Tnto f h„ . •. /"' '''' "^f *'*'' '^«« ^^^^^ '» Bay, there is no ice between us aTd ^1!^ . l u'^ ^""^ '"''^ '^^ '"^ ''^ Ungava see no ice to the south or west ^ ' ''"'^ ""^""^ ^« '«^* ^^'S J«l«"d we ctukl chann:nce\i\,::rtltEr:nV:? thVs^r ttt r^, '^•^^ ^^^^-^^ °^ *^« ^- last. Since we got clear of this on the 15 th w.l^nv "" "' ' '^^ '""'"" ^'^ °» Thursday fact, we have been in open wa pp «11 f ^ f *" '^^" "° '^^ *« ""P^de any ship • ij crossing from King cSge? I^^ , *to fe TnTet"'^ ?"'''^' ^'" ^'''^' ^^'-^ ^ -•• twenty-tivennlesof lightonenice Weha asr>n t''" ''! «i«amed through about against us and a heav^op ^Hil^te ^^^^^In^^c^^i^^iirlt t^fflfS^Sr ^ Held Sr;tl' fell 'rgs%Ie'Il itt Z^ ^" E*'"^* ^^^'^ --^^-ble sea, „,> moderated to a light br'eeze durfn^the mo^n n' TnH T '''" °" «"'• -'-^7 east; ^ind 7 a.m. sighted fiel.i ice to the south and coas/.H"/ 1^^ ^^T' S^^ smoother. At All morning our course has bernor^hbrw? AtVsO nT'"-TT "T^'" «^' '^' which we have had on our port hand all morninl is Ikht b,r.£ ''^'l?"^ '^e ahead, Ihut through it and it connects with the icrahen.! Ivf r "'""^ ''''^'* """'^ "P^'^ ^'^t^- the direction of the western end of E& IsS\h^i: ^^ ^he north in north north-east. Our course is ud nn'H ^r ' V ^'' ^f"'' "^ '^'"^'J' ^^ «ee to the is unquestionably the FoxS„nel L omt^Xw^^^^^^^ ''" ^^.? '^N'"^''^ P^'- ^^^^^^ lost sight of it a week ago, it has run abimd "ro .f r. ' , f ^""f^ "^'^"^^^ ^^"'^e ^v-e fine weather and the ris^e in ter^perature If f^' '"ff'''''' ^'^^ ^^^^ts of the week's fresh water; at 5 p.m.. all tanks bo Ws ett het^.f^'f "^ '" '"^ ^'""« P^'^ ^« ^^^^e in saw some large he.w'y p,.ns. Proceed I'tetdi^^^^ "^SZ"''' '^'1 '^''^ ' ''' heavy clo.se packed ice and decided to lav bv forrf r T.- ^^^ P"'"" '^'^^^ ^^ met not see far enough ahead to know exactlvi wh^^h r^ ^^'"^ '' '''"" ^'^'^* ^ut we could offshore and abreast of the Maiden^Paps '''*'"" '^ ^'°''^- ^^'« ^^"-e ^vtH entra':cf fo ^oul^a^'^Sr^br^^^^^ ^^ more.open. Off the more closely packed. Sighted Charles Iskndnr fi^^i^^'' '"''^ ''^ «o™e Pl'^^es to 8 a.m. At 9.30 a.m.%ored ou way through a w" ^"'^ fT ^''"^ ^'^"^^ ^™»' '> emerged into clear open water ; ice o 'the Sw^r^Fni!'' i''^ J^'^" P^'^'^^^ ^'^^ ^^"-• much scattered. It would not' have been possible for ^^f" ^^'^^^ '^ears to be have pounded her way through the ice which wh«l . '^''^'"^''^ ^'^'^^'^ ^t^^'^e'' to quickly as we have ; ie hav°e driven the "I)Kn« '^7 '"t "?'' yesterday evening as have brought an ordinary vesse to Sef atZ. tI^ *^'''°"^^' *^"* ^^^^^^ ^^""^ together or nip, and any vessel could hfvela'd U^Lm V'^l^ ^^'^^^^'^^n to run the way was fairlv open At 11.45 a m Lnd a l«nl^^ "' ''^'^' *^'''*'"»^ "'««<^ ''*' '^ of Charles Island "from which the icTextended to h T," ''•'^'^'' ''^'°"S ^'>^ "^''tJ' «''0''' all Fox Channel ice. Some of hemns v^re of .?re,t '^7*'^"^^. ^^^^de of us, this was cumference, and, standing as hic^h out of water J^Tk extent being several miles in cir- must ha^•e been of great thickness Th sice w;. 1%^'"^' ^''''- .^^" *° ^^'^ ^««*. t'^ev between us and the^orth shore S the w^; fr^ Ph" 1^7T7'^'^^'."« ^^^'^ ^-' the western end of Charles Island at 2 nm In/T ? ^^ ^^^^^ «ound. Cot round in open water. Had Cape Dire7abeam at r^idnf K^ ^^^f ""'' '""''"" ^^'^ ^^pe Digges away in the direction of Salisbury Island. ^ ^^'' ''' ''' '^^ ""^''^ extends down'- tutTa'stlg^^^^^^^ after midnight and slowed a.m. proceeded slowly%ound to\te"s5uTh of S^,^ efSLf^at 1 30 '""^ ''''''■ ^' ' Laperriere and anchored. Began at once tr sh ft-^Ll * \u . ? ''•'"' ''^^ into Port at 5 p,m. having moved about fortftL washed it V^f °^''^°^^ *" *^« ^""^^^-^^ ' HUDSOy BA Y EXPEDITION OF 1807. 21 are dressed like Indians in Hnthlnn, o„ i- i i blankets, shirts, jerseys and n ol S TaEf 'lesrl" """'r"'? ^^^ «'«^«^ ' ^^'^ ^-^' under their ordinary sealskin clo hi„l 'h!^ ! f '"'"'' ''"7 ^^^' ^'^her over o; troublesome. "»' ^^^ * ^^e warm day; mosquitoes very rid of^ou? E;quimaux^Ju;;ts'*\tood ouTro'''. V T"' "^^''^^ ^*« '^ «°°n as we got end of NottinVam up towards the eas end of S^l" f '^"''t V^'f' ^^'^ "^'^ '^e eastern old ice is still passing out north of sS burv and on H '^ }u'"'^' ^^ '''^^"^ ^^ ''^^vy to the eastern end of Salisbury Islanlte Ld open water xf """'' '^"^'''^P^ ^'=«^^ t.ngham and Salisbury Island is full of ice • s LiS In /' I f"^^""^^ ^^<^^^«" ^o*" not enterit. It seems to have wasted l^dZ^t^ ^'^ °*' ''^'^ '''"^ ^"'^ ^^'^ and I5th instant, just ten days ago sLTto thl !."'' 'T ""^ ^^'^ °" *'^^ ^^th tl.e ice, a wing of which extendsVestward to thl ^r, ? r^^-'^^f '^^°"^' '^'^ «dge of passed through it in the bight, wlerel? was . ' """^I'"'' ^^ ^"P« Westenholme, greatly worn and much discoloured w?th tlesa ^k ? TI '""•'' "P^"' ^his ice was noticed. We were in open water a^I n a 6 sS " - .^ "Iga. whj^h we have before full speed. The main body of ice s stm o ihp l\\ '^'^^ I''-°«««ded south south-east at .scattered and open. The day has bee fii^e and w ^"'^ '"'' °^ "'^' ^"' >^ «^^'"« '"ore time I will try and keep in mS-channer foSow J™, '' "' ^ "^.°"' '^*" ^^"^ '^^'-'^t this more to the east; at lo'p.m. slowed rwl'and^ToeeetSC' ''"" "' ''" '"' '^■^^'"^ Monday, 26th July — Af 1 « », .ii ^ ,i • ^' which is now close packed and sol^i It t^.H^iy ««"t''f\n-^''«m of the ice. M est of south. Followed it along, p ssit at^ « m 1?' ''^^ }^--^^^n>A slightly to the Island and the main body of theke T « tl J,! . J"" *''^ ''^^'^'^ '''^^^ ^'^^ ClKirlcs -e' had open water going west on Friday la Si ' 7t *" *^ '''^"^'^ ■'^'^"••«' -''«'•« about an hour whe"^ at 7 a.m., the fee seemin. in ^ away for the north shore in the direc^n of E^/a I ltd F '"';, 'l ^' t''^^ «^--l .11 crossing and we were "enerallv .,hl« f? '^"jma island, found the ice fairly open ]-,e heavy pans, but rrLf of tt^ief ^..^'^i^'f '^"'.^ *^T='' ''■ ?-«-' - -V lun. found the ice more gone ab.md than on^S ""'I" .^"^''^'"^'•^ *''« ""'''h sliore at 1 of 15ig Island. At 4.30 p. m , bein , • out Sf ' '^T' "^^»«^ °^^'^" ^he direction the west of Ashe Inlet, ran out o 'he Se in/. ""'''' "^^ ^^'^ ^^''^'"^ '"»' ^ little to of the Beacon ; set log'and shaped cou e 7o\ ZIZZ • ^' ' P'"" ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ahead, either to the east or the south. i^uttons; sot canvas ; no ice in sight rri^^^^^~^^^^t:'^V^ ""n \ '"S - *^ -"t'-rly i-.d ahead where Green Island should be but afl n m Tnl ^'^-^ '^' ^^ *'-"^- ™'^de y the ice in Ungava Bay, about ten ndlei from FC' f f. ^' ' ^" ^^""^ «t"PPed «-.ee where this island wa« snn.,.! i ",„."'" ,*"^ ^"'*^"^- ^Japtain Cordon passed -ice where tw;iZdw;;z^,cS^rLi /'" ^^'^"iJ- ^^p^^- c;;;;^;;;^^ -ul had authorized its remova f^Cl ch S Tie';: 7''^"' "^' ""^' -'*'''"/of *, '• ! : r r.r^:-*«^ - ^-» getting n. nearer this ^;^; mt^ ^ p;:s rj^l^e'^n " V 7 '"^ P''''^^"*^^ us fro '^^^i^^ --^ts There was'so muchChaTw:' oull no X ir^'tl^'^r"^'"'"" ^''^' ^^e^isiand th,. island we saw and it may be that this is onrth. \k^ distinguish the shape of wh.ch is supposed to be twentyl^e Lrf - ther T th^^^^^ Akpatok liand, ^ .hen we go later in the season to Ungava to p ck up AJ, F "' ^'•'^" /''•*'«" I^hand. 1..S matter. At 1.30 p.m. shaped our course for I?,rt R,, i^ '«;" ?'" *'"'^'^>' '^^''^<^^ -I ".ore to the north-east to Lep clear ftlic^v be "f" . " ^""'^ ^""^^"^^"^ '« "e eastern shore of Ungava llay uul <.ut pisrthpRnf. 7^^'''^' ''•'■*^"''^ '^" ^long ;-s .ce all afternoon and evenin . unti "Ifn m ^ifen S n^T ^'""^ ^''^ ^^^«^ ^^ '""ming; we are about 12 miles off Port R,,. li j "P *^ '^ P'^" ^ wait for ;f ice which is packed aFo^^Thf ^i^.^^ J^ .^L^^rri'T?'"" '' 'l^ ^ '^-^•>' ^^ Buttons and Cape Chudlei.lT. We saw sevpr«l f "• W ^^ ^^"-^^''^ ^'-^v ''""» 1 the g.xnviersamong\heiee;we^iaves:er:X:^^^^^^^^ '" *he bay and sonie this makes us conchide that some of the ice m iLIlv.. '\'"""g/^'f "^« »P the strait ; U'e. which has been set across the mouth .f IL uT r' " ""^^"'^tedly Baffin's Ba^ -Kl .,orth.,.a.st winds, this ,ce is now ." n", t before'The'"'" I'^'^'^^y.^'f^ ^he easterl^ ■-.ed round the Buttons past Cape Chudi;igh l::^!:!;:,^^^^:'^ '"' ""^ ^ I It. JS 22 MA in si: axi> fisj/iujes. u at the oo„,cr., it i, in ,Lio„ whM„. u»l' " f.''"'=''..l'»'™""', '" "o™ ».ul ,-o,m,i,,l reached open Uer witr„o 1I„ 5, " °"J ', "'"> "'» ™"<'"t i «t 'J. 15 „.„, .«0,.n ,w.ll c„„ be felt, though the d J i , In L'h, """,'i "" '"' ", ™" '"' '-™ • 'h" -I Cape Chudleigi, there •''-P^i^^^i^l^VJtZ "i^Z^ Z^! '^T" r tiw. ice appears to be more ooen tli,w. h ;« Hf.„ . i-owarcs the shoreot Labrador the ship ILut and stood ;jn^n:L^ h^ Ze^; Sr^hud? f ' "H ^^ '"T ^"^ goiiis' into Sir Terence O'Brien's Harbour Tl.ir.ll ^^ Chudl e.gl, w,tl, tlie idea of said to be safe and good in all weatirer work. 1 T"'.' u "'"i^.'^^' H^'^'^nnen and is lanes of open wateP or loose • Tot be uJn ^^ "^' ''"'^' °^ ''«'^^yl'>'^<' ioe with entrance to the st.ait and outsirof it T ^^ . " '^ aPl"^HraMce of the ice in the the Labrador shore ILL ex euk t i' ' "r ""^' '' ^' *'■'"" '^'^^^'^^ ^^ay ; fro.u line entirely w o^ a la d downt ,^7"; T ^' "l' ^'"\t^^-''» .= -« 'ind the ca.s c<.rrect • tiJe rece.rt h tsloTn is • nds noa.'? ' ^^'^p,"'^ 7>''-'^« bein« n.ore nearlv hirse island, wi.h a d.-ep imsrcre ' 'l" h ^^^ Chudle.yh, «hile th.-re are two passed to reach Sir Te eTT'S, Vs Wbo^^^^^^^ n.aiidand through which we r> p.ni. ; sent at once a crew to H h f,- a?d Z n J "''' Z V''^''''''^ '" ""'''' ^'^^'•«'"'' ^^ cod here n.uch before the lOth of \ " ust d T T"' ' '"^'^^l''""'" »"-«'' '■^--t to find "oung co . "] '? ""'P'^ '^ '"""^ ''*''« '" the hills "11 tiie way in through r„ao1^^t;wti"9 f^li^'^'' ''"V'^'l "^^' ^''^•■^^-' ^'^^'"""^ is that the place is very IZw iCo ff ^^^^-^ '^^ 1,500 feet, tfe squalls coTneXvI^fr n% leS^' riirteStr^e Tf f^'"" ^'^'^ ''' however good. temoio force, the holding ground k- more by the stern found our screw T ^ *"'■ '*^"'''*^ ''' '^'^ '« *'•'•" the ship strong s'outh-west ^.uTo.^ZJ^Z cLd^'" " ''" "'^*"' ^^"^^^''^^'^^ ^° ^e safe in ice^ !;^r;tt^ist;:e[ -^: frj:trt ? •^■•^-^ ^-^'eh!:^ ':°:^<"r at 9^30 a.„i. came down thick, lun^l to ,;wXw;. V^O L irr'^'"'' "' '"' '" '^'"''^ •• speed, smooth water with a light air from tlie I st f ^ ■ ''^f " P'-'>'-eeded full tinct ice blink to the eastward and we know f ' . ''''' "" '"'' '^"^ ^'^•^'''^ i« ^ 'H^- there is a considerable body f ice t tTat d r ct on" " '''■"'.''"^'^'^ Wednesday that by the strong breeze of vesterday 10 ^ fn ' ''^ 'l^' ^''" ^'«^^'" ««" ^'"^•e p..n., stopped the engines sounded i^; eith^v f^" 'T'1 """ '^^'f" ' ■''°^^^^' ^''^^^'^ ^^ ^^0 east wind ; at 8 p.m'still thTck? ltd Lu£\o7out'h i"" h' '":' '""""' "^'''* -•••^''- cod several times to-day with n; success south-west ; sea calm ; tried fur soun^Ste^l^Sa ^d s'thoi^^':^ 3 T' '] '''^-f ''^ ^'-^ «'"-'- over the fog, but could not make ou tt mTks for £ erin- x"" '^t '"P? 1 '''' P^'" ing along the land for some time had to stand off Vh? V ".^'''''^''f''' ''"^ ''^*^'' «''^'""- 9 p n..; allowed the ship to drift '^'''" *^'" ^^^'^ "'S^'"^' ^^^^^^1' ^ve did at ^^"^^^"^S^S^^-^:-^ -od in for the land: NachvakBay;sawnovesselatanvnffhl i. ' !""'' "'" '"*" *''« niouth of continued on'up to the Hud on\ K™'a.id T" 'Y '^'' '"°"*^ '^^^ *^^ ^^^^^ ^av : nua.on s m^ pes. and anchored at 8 a.m. Mv. Ford, the agent, JIUDSON llA Y A:\/'K„/Tloy OF IS07. „, mi came on board. Tim ** Kric*' huA i.^tv u i . c. i The spnn. I.ad been uu t v ,t h \ :^:. ^'.^llT'lf '"!' ^''l"-'^'''" ^ "" ««•' l-e yet. Lay ice only went out in tlu, l.ogi in' ,/ ]{.,: ' U '"^'"f, "'" "*'''' '^'^ ^'"' ■^'""•« = ^he when we first went up the co.st.l.s t fl. y S,il| V' ;""'^' """^ ^'^'^'-V '"^^■*-" ^'^t in out for trout whi.-h are now eon in-, l.ack V,!,- rC ^T'' -^"^'^ '^'" '"''"K ''^t •lune, before the ice breaks up. C?., TsL llv e I, 1. T '' ?'""^''"-" '!«' ''vers in ."main until the end of (ictober U r 0^ ^ J'''^ 7' '''« <^^'' •'^' August and uuchora,.e to further out in 21 fathoms andl^t "o S. ^iichts'' ''^"'"''' '■'""»"'* •^"'• ..... ^^'^^^^^.:^^^^ "rf 'luring the .norn- tor fish with seine, took a few sill tr!n.t'uursore sculpin '^^'^ the spare one ; tried igaged refitting and 1..J lo .ee it the coal »l,ip ltd arrive' bl» I ,, ,1 T ' "■"'""""■' l«'""l, do>v„ tl,» 1.01- ; the day wa, showery with squX ^ ^' "'""""' '""'"8 "■■'"' '">tW"!.' of .i..war.;;:t/,;triftXT'S1,.rt;lf\'^'^'^ ^:r- -"' »" ■— '■ .ii« rhtT„^^i^s^s»i'="-''""- ^««"" '"i"'"' -- ". *.■ w,;.; o,,w ™;::i ™l ; she had left Sydney, H«„,\'. 3i , J " f 'i' " ^';"'- ""' »' ""«» l»'Sa„ taki,,^- last: but c„„l,l not L in „„i„.S,, '..1'^' ■'""''""' '»=". "» *« l«'y Mnce M„„d„; last but »„l,l ,,ot «et in owing u/cahn and t.« ; we,eceived„„,.„,airi5; th^ " Vi;;:'"; ■■■ tu.-^t cudhsh taken today a few n.iles iiiglit. tog and ram with strong east wind below oui- anchoraire, Sunday, 8lh Aug„,t_Hain, l..g .,,,1 chan.-eable wind, Monday, 9th Ausn»t,-lUi„ „nd snow, the f.ps „f ,|„, i,;ii . , ■ cove,«l ; w,„d changed to the north north-we^t ; all Lj< e'tij:";;'. ll'L;;;'""^""'"" the ^^■^:^i^:ri;£^ ' '"-^- »-^- «■'"" iug a^dlt^t-eJt wLfd"^""'--^"'"'-' ™' "" '""-" "f "» -'• Tl)ursday, 12th August.— Finished coalin and cleaning up generally. Fnday^l3th Aujust.-Began getting in the anchors at 3 a.n.. Crew engaged helping Fog in the morn- Crew engaged taking in f,.esh water Left Xachvak at Mercy on the north side'of Cumbedlnd'Ba^' il^'.eiw'wtd tT"^ ' "T^^r ^"'^« no ice. •' ^'Junieuy wind with considerable swf-ll, 10 a.m. Set log oif the mouth ol t e%;; lo 40 rratl r"''/"^' ^^'''^''^ ' ercy on the north side of Cumbe.hvnrl n^^ L ..,. I™;' ''"'^, '''!^P^^ ^ '^'«"'«« for Cape l^Si:::^:';^^^^-^^'^ M^umentaU.^ L:^tJ;:tZ^-:: Sou,SV»t^^^^ ^:,/- --"beWand sounding, anchored off the wh^Hng sluioi u I^J ir'^Mr^Ainl^^ ^"'- 1"^^ '^'"^'^^' 1.1 charge came on board, 3Ir. Mutch the re-u ar -IZl l, i u '^ ''esulent ofiicer fall a, ^ had not yet returned. The bit • SerT" w i^h ^''"«,h°."- ^^ Aberdeen last expected from Peterhead " '"''' ^''''^^^ *1"« «t'»tion is hourly l^'{« ^'i ll . II ^B i rI PI ^H ': : ■■ ''ii^:^ilH ']'^''-4 ^^^1 'll 1 ^1 ' 1' i ^H 84 MA/UX/S AXD FISHERIES. ,1 i Wilue. log unci nun all day. Aboiit ]M I'l ■ "'e*'""''* ''"''V "''"' """"" '^'"' '^''''dron. .. BUUons in CumberJund Sound. ^ ^' ""''" "* P'-««""t controls the vvhalin;! a.on;:;r;:i;^iJ;St^-;^;;^e^-d^^ ,„ p,,3ence of th!^ m their pmsenco that the H ,g was hoisted as !n v! / ^.^^'l"';'''"-^- t'>'-'nally dedari,.., teraWies, islands and depemlencieradhcenrf '' ""'*^ Baffin's Land with all t i^ since their first discovery and occuDaS;n . ' J''*' '^r* ^'^ *''«:^ '^'^^'*y« had b.- 'n B.itain. Fog all day. ^ occupation, under the exclusive sovereignty of Great hour]^ot;::ll'hortd rt';i;:i;'30l "P *« ^ p.™.. deanng at that the sound ; met no ice in crossTnded and found here Mr. sS £ atnlTL^M^" B'aek Lead Island at 8 p „ ' of the station, and the Rev. Mr SaC^„ 't^^^^t'",' ^"^'" °^ ^^^'•'^««». in charge' Esqummux of CVnnberla,id Sound There are C ?^ f \ 'mssionary sent out to t^e cluldren, m the employ of Mr. Noble To thV '^ •"*' ^^^ ""^'"^«' "»«»• ^^omen and c^ays been added foO^nen, woten ^n^ c fil , "f " 'f "'? ''"'" '"^« "^t'"» ^he la 't few Gummiute, where a whaling station o^ned by he U^r ^'^?, '^'■"^•'''' '"^'^ *'o"> ^ew C.nnocticut, had fornjerly existed- thilS,-^^ . .^ ''"*'"s Company, of New London oome up here to seek for ^employ m^nt. "'""^ been abandoned, the nativ^l". ",', -or2X!''^S^tS^Ti^^'^' -^ -^^^ landed and spent the more comfortable teepees than thos7sern anvwhert "/ '""l^^^ "^' ""^ ^''^ '" hi.^.er am and are supplied with rations by S, th"; Xen '1'!? 7 '''V'^S-g^^'^ toyh^NohU ^.ose at Kekerton. A large part of tKonula S, f '^k""'^"'" ^^^ ^"'"« conditions as Mns Land, deer-huntino^ the obLt ytZ h 'nf '" absent just now in the interior of clothmg. Tried offhere to'-day for fish the nat?ve?;!lf *' f^'"''^ ^''' '^'^'"^ ^-^' -inte are occasionally found, but we got nSthevSrf.f *'''*''' ^"''' ^«'^ •'^"d halibut found frozen in the ice. Salmon and tl,fT i '>*"'' ''"'^" ^^^'^^ut are frequenth lakes at the head of the streTs wllercl^"'^ '\''i *''« ^*'^^^^^^^^ -»d in in th . Hudson Strait, rounded Point Tmukanakainn^Tc^^ ^^ ^ ^•'"- ^'^^ ^^''^^k Lead fo outside of Lady Franklin Island, st "a 'oTdulnl he^:Tc\^:i^ ^'"^ ^ ^-'^ '» P- Friday, 20th August Si^hte^ T ft ^ ' '""^^ "*' ^^^ ^"""d.'^ Kesolution'island.l^"t.;;r f^':r^i„^?^^^^^^^^^^ ^«'-d at 10 a.m. and stood on for of any great size. ° '"'*'' ^^^''' '^^^ ^ay ; passed a few berg.s, none of then. Buttons Buttons abenm at no". Tmn into Po t r''"^ T '^ P"^"^ ^'^^^^-'-d oi T lound the steamship " Nimrod ' in Mnn, u u ^^"""^^e'l and anchored at 2 30 n m -eek; took her first fish ye^erdlv iZ %^''"^""'' ^f'""^' '^'^ ^^^<^ ^.'en here fS; come here from lil.nc «abloTlndTeportf JootiZ '^'% ^"' ^'""'^^^'^ ^ "he 1 a engaged taking in water. Blowing hard from the n° l\' ''"'* "S'ghbourhood. Crew '• •• p.m. for Hudson Bay, found outside H "«'^theast. Left Port liurwell at ^-leandatll.30p.m.hadtoputthesh^thea^^^^^ Wind Ireshened to i ^vere being washed. ^ ^ ' '"^''^ to the wind, and slow down, as our decks still ^r^:i^i:1i^^^'^:^^ ^l^^O^rn., came, back to our course, sides. By noon the weather had moderated a^dTh^ / u"-^^' ''"^^^y foiling on al came round to the north-west with coSelbte swel?" ''"'"^ "''^'^ towards Evening wate^^^'i^iS;^S^-J:-;'ear d^^^^ mod..ate north-west wind and «.ooth ■Mn, .Shaped a course for Salisbury Island. Att^m obtained ;>M thn ustoius, Irom Mi, wul children, arc rols the whaliii.r presence of tho '•'"ally dedariiijr "•mil with III] tC ilways had het-n «ig"ity of Great bearing at that the west side of laud at 8 p.m., I'deen, in charge •ent out to t.'ie len, women and lin the hist few lere from New '■ New London, le natives Jiavc and spent the 3 in larger and I to Mr. Noblo conditions as tlie interior of :ins for winter i 'Uid halibut 'i"e frequently nd in all the ick Lead for 30ur8e to pass he sound. i stood on for ! none of them fit 12.15 a.m. s came down eeded ahead, ward of the at 2.30 p.m. n here for a 'ly; she has lood. Cre\N liurwell at ^hened to a as our decks our course, ilingon all rds evening li 11 I. !!ii:i; and smootii At 3 p.m. 4 HUDSON BA 7 EXPEMTWy OP 1307. S5 came down thick. Proceeded »lnw ■»•. i- «. • sl.owing that WH woro .„. the b«,.k n.'rth of"charl'"T''r'''?' .«""'"« ^^ ''"^' ^^ ^'^t'">'n^ l.rooeedeh.oH.s,i.le havo a look in!,. Fox Inland in a north-ea^terly direction a" farri 1 '"'!^ *''"" '''" •'"'' "^ Malisbury l....«o and worn, hut further in U Uks comnao7a"T '^T','^\r""" ''"'•d^'' ^^ ^'"-^ i«« i* .he ice but Bhape,l our course to pa^rTurd Nottin*'? ^^ "'"."" ""«'"I^^ ^" ""t^"- Cuatos- and Mansfield Islands. Fr^en no r h west f '"" """ .'^'"' ''"^" l^«*^««» suasefc the weather became overcast and lu 1^ nL 1''",'"''' *-•"''' ^«''^''«'- J towards e.t end of Mans«e,d Island, but it wa-s'tolTfik Sllou^t^rakT'tt ifncf'^ ""^*'" ^^^^i,ltZ':'U''^^^^^^ *gh« land, Coates- Island, at 2 p.m. in the fre8henedduringtheevenin«tohalfaL«f^'M '''"'' ?""" *'"' Churchill. Wind n,.^ ,1: * i ■' r "■"" "'« '^'' intervals. Our distance be.ng fully run at 7 p.m., stopped Sounded in 28, 35, 40 and 42 fathom.s. the sliip and laid to for the night. fath,.mTdSgTh^ilft"^ "^"'T ''?•"■'" ^""" ^■"'•^y ^ thirty-eight fathoms, when at 9.10 an let ^o thl „! x ""'■' ""'''"'« ""•" ^«ter gradually to nine .n.t the land and disL^uist^ beacon! "b"?!*' ''T 'T "'^1' ^" ^*"^' ^ -"'^ -"i^e '''" 'sundT " "l^"*^^ "^^'' "-'- ^:;. '^^^ ''''' at 4 p.rtre'arfng a'^l"ft"e'lJ!!'Strta^ !nT ^''"'"§ '^"d '^PPearance of bad weather ; tho channel of the river, grXaUv cleeZl? ' proceeded slowly hy the lead to feel for "P to the south along tl,; fZe of fhe twen v^f ".?' '"f ' '" '^r^"*^ ^'^^^'°"'^- ^e bore on Esquimaux Point^nd mnlnfo t Sl'tdl'Scl ''''- ™"'*' ^''« ^^^««» Monday, 30th August At 19 'in o the ship to swing about She tnnC'fu. ^T^ '!*''°"« current running out, causing .-nained fast until 4.30 a.n. X„ wHhThefi ^f '^.'^^^ ^'^^ ^'"^ *'^"''V" w^ter a^rl .;ur anchorage a little furthel- Smtl bank Atl " ^^^ 'I" ''°^'"' "«• S^^fted three miles fron, the anchorage. Found S»t--.^W "•"• '^^^^^ "P *« ^he post about The ''Eric" had left ten days^to for Un^a?! R^r'"' f^" T"','" •'""g^' '^^^ h«'"«- It IS blowing half a "ale from th^lZ, °^ -.^ ^''"''''^ ""^ ^"'^''^^ '^^ain at 1.10 p m coal fron. foPehold to^bunker '"^' "'*' ""'^ "^^ ^^S" ^rew'^engaged moving ^■^r^^'^^^l^^^:^^^''^' ^^^'T; .Went up to the post at 7.ir, as the tide runs here abuut Lx kno^s ti?e hn T^"^"^ ^'"i.^'^"- °" ^"^'''^ ^^^^'''^ -ater ; At 3.30 p.m. let go the seLd and'o ' h-^ ^'"''''^ """""- **'" ^''^'''^^ entrance to the harbour. ' ^^'''^^ "^'^ «"<^^'d« breaking all around the r^'^^nl^T::;;;^^^::^^^ --^ -.aged taking ^ fre.h tl.e nver for fresh fish and that they wf f^^^'J"*^''™'' "« he has sent his crew up -'"t and secure specimens of the tish ^ ^' ^""'^ ''''^^ to-morrow so I decided to III ft 1 26 MARIXE AND FISHERIES. At i.M p.m came to and ,et a tmvvl baited with cl»,„,, and f 'e« fisr (v]^ „ ^i ^s. z:^^ix^:!t^ T^cf tt^^^^ T?' ''f --^" of the water at the surface 102^' at thrbotto, 1 0^ V8 "" • "'""'• ' T''^' ^'""'^'y the sea making, had to take in our trawUt 10 in . . 1 •' '"'""•? °'^ ^° ^^'''^ '"^''^^ '-^""l By 2 p.m. it is blowing half a «X wfth W,!l ' ""•^'""".^'^ ''• ^ntinued ourcourse. raining hard. " " ' '' '^""^ ''''^U ''''''' l^^'e'Tthing awash on deck, or to dredge. Held on until 10 a n/ uS fathom, too rough at present to set a trawl ■•n, .o,.e ts t„„ „. j;d"p'i;' ,',"»:,- "or,L't:,:::'Si=rr^L"'S str ""-'■ chance of doing a,.,„.„inl: nraS;; ';'l.Say l.'^jtd'lf '""'' "•''■'''-="^'- ^■" «i.,d which we have con.ta.ur fad , ,ce ? ^'" I T l'"'^ "l'"' ""', """''' "> ™* Channel ice down on Cape mTl aZ 1,1 LZl ' 'V ''"'' ''""" ">" '■« and Cape Di.-..es I ImTrXl'f^ t , " ''"'""''" '«*«ecn Sahsbury Island to the north ' '' ' "'^''" temperature at 43 and a strong current setting north of Charfes IsW' Sa"w no S'off Canen " "IT T^ ^^"'^''^ ^ ^""''^^ *" P-«^ glint to the northward We we e up wit^The Jff'* "'"T^ ^^'•■^, ""^ '^ decided ice Had frequent snow squalls durTng the day '^^2 1^..? "^ "^^T^"' ^'^'''''^ ^^^ ^ P'"' snow. Off the easteVnend of C arles Island a 6 n ^^^ .squalls. At 7.30 p.m. laid the ship to u^di^al^L'to'^^a^t fo^^^lS,:""' ^'''' '^'"'^^ in sigTt1n;whL''' 5^4 l'f;rt ''d ^ '''1:"^ "\ ^"°^^ ^'"-^^ ^^« ">«ht. no ice Sound. Entered the Sound at Totnf '"eT . "7"' '^.''"^' '/" '^"^ *" '^'"^ ««-^-' sound. 3.^ degrees at tK) torn -ftS'^ - M ''''* "' "'^ '"'"" '" '^""'''^ "^ '^^e and anchored It noon crew a 'once b^.an To ''' ' """'"'TT^ ''^'" ^''^"-"'^'^ harbour ■H.nkers; light snow flurries at inte":!.^:^;.' "^'^ ^^'^^ ''•""' ^^^ ^'^^^old to the Saw L' E"q:iL?xS™":7cPhT^^^^ ^'^'r/'^ '•■^^^' 7^*-' -'^ shifting coal, the bay a'nd feeding \7Z^ 'klfl Tnd '"S .Ter^ t'^Xon 'tf f ^f 'TV^^''' anchorage at 4 p.m. for Ashe Tnlef • nnt!,vi ■ .? f *'"^ ^'^'^''^^- ^^^ft the r.awls; i-oundn'ofish pJoceeie^fo.^^^^^^^^^^ -'^ *->< "P our f^esl^^fr!^'':^CS!::;^^^Tf' f'^ :^^^''"" '?^^'^ '^ ^^^ ^-^^ ^^e win.l making r.apidly • at 4 " m s^'o f f f/ ■*'"> *'' ^ ''''" ^"^ '*^'^ •'■>' ^'^'^ ^'^^vJight ; .oa o f rth-east. No to meet Dr. north to cast i\en the Fo,\ isbury Island kvling for fisli. fairly round igges. Short hoal. Found irrent setting '• At 12.10 ourse to pass decided ice nd by 3 p.m. •ed with new 'I with snow ?ht. No ice ing George's ■ntre of the las Harbour ihold to the HUDSOy BAY EXPHDITION OF 1S' ^'^'^ ''"""ing. At George's SouiuJ, ran h.to Dou"las Cb^^^^^^^^ «t««d in and made the islands ol? King l.-ny gale, let go the second anchoi- ^ ''^'''"'■'^' "*^ ^ P'"'" ''' '-^^ p.m. ; still witht;:;!s ^i^':^S;:;^yi::^^^^ -^'^«"" ^^ing hard lison an inch since midilght sun came Jut and L ?v ""''',^ north-west, glass has at 5.10 p.ni. and left to return to Ashe TrX f ^^'''t^'u '^"'"■'''^^- ^^"' '^"^"hors in •George's Sound are now all ooverfd tSS^^^"^^ ontclc'o da^f ^ '^'""^ ''^^ I)-. SS h^t^^^lr^~SJt.;^r^- - ^ -■• an^ anchored. Found hegan to unload into the ship. Dv BeH des rin? " J^'^ ^'-^""^ alongside at once and Bay I agree to tow her there^ Left Ashe InKtl ISO ' ^^^^^^ *" Ungava i;..juu„aux families here; they reporfi nentv o^ t'L l"" . ^ " °""'' '"^ ""'"b^'' ^^ we shaped a course to look for GrS^n IsWid^ S Ungala , ' ^ '' '" ^""•"^' ^'^' ^"''''^ Monday, 13th September.— Had a finl ni-ht" At 9 • , , direction where Green Island was laid down ^Iv w ^-"l.- ""''*"^ '''^"^^ '" the a.m. steamed in for the land wllV appeared' In rc^^^' ^- i''*""' ^°'" ^'^y''^'''" ^^^ 4.30 '"' ^hem. Two .ices not exist. Akpatok Isl-Id [s tlerlVe ^ ^tt l^^l'''^\r^ '''''' ^''^^'^ ^''^'^"d the and, sounding at intervals, and anchored SosSh^. ' i'^ .*^'t '^'''''- ^*«°d ^^^ ^o '.n shore as he wished to examine the roisTnrcor^^^^^ ;Sent Dr. Bell squalls coming off the land ; held on here alTday «Pecimens. 1 1 a.m. heavy find an anchorage to pa'ss the night underSatlorsoaE'lnd '*"" ""'''' '^*^"'^"» ^^ ahead. Sounded in 140 fathoms later in 00 1'oV^n" ""^'^'f ■^'^•^'"' ''""•^" ^■^''^"'J^ Stood on in by the lead for what we took fn K 11 ""\"' T"^ "^'^^ '" ^^ fathoms. tVom thirteen i seven fathon^ untuV^il wtn deddS th t'^ "^'^'•' «°'"^' ^^'^^ ^ iJ.verand not in Ungava; stood back and mund fh! i . T '"'"'^ "^^'' ^^'^ale water shoal all the way. At 5 p m con"i„<. on 1 I" ^''''^'' ''' *''« westward ; ciark, too much so to malice out theland? a Lred in t'en Zl ""'"' v ^""'"« '^^^'^ ^^^ and shoals inside of us. ' '^'"'""'^'^^ '» *«" fathoms. Saw numerous reefs stoochS::^:^'^ tSSTarzI'm mlld^^^JJte '^^'^^ ';^"" f« ^-' ^^ "-'- -^ south side of the mouth of uUva River and the ho 1 "' ? T\' f " '^'' P"'"* «*' tl>e in by the lead a. close as was fafe In^IZ^^l^Z^:^ m'^^'Vo"'' ^^'^^'^ ' ^^^^ into the mouth of the river to Nod's fishing lE tn^Lt f ' ^ '^ '''■'"• ''""^ ^ ^^^'^^ p.ing in they met the pilot coming out. h lufd been sent bv Mr' / ' V\' ^"'^' ^'^^ board at noon, as there was still enou4 water fo ,?« ?^ ^ .. u""^' ^^'* ^''« P''ot on we did so, and anchored under Anchor Island a 2 10 pmTn 8* t'i^ ''" ""'"^'^««> o-morrow morning's tide to go up to the Hudson's Bay Post at Fn f P?" "' '°.'"'"^ ^°'' l^ow and Ins party are waiting for «r. ^ ' ^ *°'t Chimo, where Mr. Friday, 17th September.-At 9.10 a m Hdo K..;.,,. k- i I'ar proceeded up the river - ^u_ _^:!"^™- ^ido bemg high enou^ I post, had a thick pper snow storm all the way up, anchored ill: ■ MAHIX£; AND FISHERIES. to return by tl,e afternoon tide but the ht .vv ^ '^^^^''' ^« ^ad intended leaving' f evenmg ; landed pilot at fbe nout . of the ri t^ 'T "^'""' '"''^ "« ^ad snow l^aHs Bay, shapnig our course for Port Bunvelh "' ^ P'"'" '^"^ '^t^^^ «"* into Unga' a into Pm4'tweTfor^L?nr-~^"7"' ^'^^^^^'^^^ during the ni^ht • at 11 "^0 not ; on openinglltrtl^Sr folrtSlh t^; ''' "^--^ " - til t^;:Z ran round between the ButtonV and the mati !, ""^F""' ^'^^^ -^"^ again at once an, heavy snow squalls all day. wThld iT^7^ *"^ «"* through Grey StraX S ooal, and take in ballast, but when off Can« Ph 1> ^° u ^J"*° ^'^'^^^^ Harbour to' sh?f wester y breeze and a rising glass we had be?tf'^^' ^ f''''^'"^ '^^' ^« -« had a fre fan. wind ; set crew at work to shift coal sEin .' ^"-"^u' °'^ '^"^ '"■'^'^^ ^he moi of ,1 T, ■*»<' ""« »-»nn day with li.ht „ff' .1 ^."'.n -'^'id to risk 0,1 deokdurin» "HI offshore .0 p„sa ,b„„t te^ ,X ItoftkXlu'''' "'"' '""""' •"•*■■' »'«^ "p Thursday, 7th Orff>bpr \f • fug. Slowed down fl^^"M™"^ At 10 ^v.;t ahead s.^!^"^^^- ::^-;: Ct^- J^ a la:^e bergX^ l^t^rl^S r;! -Kith to west winds and calm. *'^'"'' '° ^^ ''^''''^' stopped the engines, li^,, con4tj,^;^,;:-°^:-^^^l-r cleared a^ I ... Went ahead full speed bu, -;;y.head wind dunged' t;;^^.;^^^^,^^^"^'""- f^""' ^^in^l^a..' 'apidly, hauled in for Belle IsIp p'o'^'^ast, and began to blow hard «ea .....1.; -*-i to »pe.k ,0 u, .^'^ i^„„x ," r r.d hVtir'""- ■,'^rr' ■"■«"*^ " " ■• idnl, ho then Mgn.il,,! th„, |,e „„„t^ „, ,^^ HUDSON BAY EXPI^JJITIOX OF mi. intc'-dinif to 28 .l.e night. Inhabital, repor c„ "Klenbfa ^/'''^T''''', " ""'•''■ '""'' °" '■"'« '■>■■ .esi,le„t»l,ave little or nothiL for X It, ? "■" ^ ""> """I' »= '»<»» ot ll,e -Blowing a gale from the east all day with rain and fog, Saturday, 9th October. - lield on in Pitts Harbour. P.tts'£S«rSt?:nt"h7t'Itm"st'"l""^" ?^"^"^ ^^°- *'- --th-west. Left blow a whole gale from the north w^stwfthTf ^''^' ""^^^'^^^ ""= ^^ '^•-- --« - *- lndwark8stoveinbythesea,hruedunriit^ «^'™- ^tll a.m. port wind squally, at times with huS anelrcf aH "" 'V'^' ^'"'^ ^^'^ ^™°*^^h^'' ^-'-•. (^ape Bluff and at 7.15 p.m. ran nto SrnrTT.pf ^'^J' ^"'^ '"°'^' ""^^^ ^he land at Fishermen came off and informed ^ that feS".!^! ' '""^^T^^ ""^^'' ^"^^ ^"'^h^'''-^- a little to the north of here and th^if ll i f ''««ne''8 l^ad been wrecked last wc-ek overdue from the north. Codlherv his r ^'"'t'P "^^''^P-'-d" was three days the coast are badly off. the salmoShing was I'o^d " '"" ' '"^"" ^'^^ ^^^ P^^^P'^ «^ here;l:;v'?ngig?d^hi^^^^^^^^^ -^-quails at intervals, held on ground everywirore thickly'^coverei with snow "' ^'^^''''' '^^' ^^"P ^^ *^^« '-"'^d' the PorTatS;oit'd'Lt':^ "^S'^^- At 5 a.m., go, in intervals, rntS;ribt\e'':'tt%-p:rt3 ^ ^^^ ^^^'^ ^^^ -^ «-- ^^^ i..'ee.e''fewat! utltmTetl^rl^jf 1 ^'^^ '^^^^'"^ ^^"" ^'^^ — * --' *'- 12.45p.m. we.therclearL Sed l^n7' a^ heavy swell from the eastward. At the Buttons Islands ri^ Sheaf H^w "n ^ ^^ ^? ^'"^'^'^ ^'^ ^°'* ^^' ^"^ made out to pass up through GrfyStS'- ^T7'71T''^^\^^ "^l^"'''^^^' ^^aped a course decided to run fnto Sir Te'et; O'BrK. T^"' ^'f '"^, '^•°'^' ^"^^ «""^^ increasing Chudleigh and ran into th^ harbour araneh'^^^^^^^^ S'n''^' "Z^'^^*^' ^^ood round Cape covered with thick coating of snow ''"^^ored. Hills and rocks are e;.erywhcre "P aSo^aS ^'aLd?ut^5;:7ei?rs;^^^^^^^ ^""^"/'^^ '^^^"'^^ ^ ^^ ^ ->■ ^^^ a strong north north-east bre^ew "h thickTno.^ ^' J'""':!':.^"' '^"''^ ""^^'^^ ^« "'«* '■..n back at 8 a.m \t 9 30 „^ ^^^^h thick snow, and decided not to put out into it so overhead; decided to tVa'ar-gonnlcrr"' '' ""l ''''''''''"- sk/getting bri^h'tr .Straits between the Buttons and tTo In^nll^^ "" second time and left ; stood up^irey -ith snow squalls at intervals IbreiroS ,rf """n ' ''^ ^""^ '^^'^^^ ^^"'^ ' 'P^S a mid-channel course up the strait bv 4 n^^ ^^estern Buttons at 12.30 p.m., shaped clear weather. Two siSaUb:;: n's^4 Kad'Tl '"^'^^'^*»"g ^'^ «- ^^^-g, hriiht, liad to slow down. ^n&i^nc aliead. 11 p.m. came on to snow heavily, ..rnS^':^;^?^^';-'' '^-'•' -'^-th-'- clearing, went ahead full ..peod. Wind yesterday, whe^^::!.';;:;:::.: .rs^rc 7^1' ?^^ "" r "' ^"^ '■"'^'"- ^- two De.gs. At 9 a.m. ship was a good deal iced up 'I iri jp * \ 1 An il 'W II • w %a \,n^ ii.'V r so MAIiIXE AX J) FISHEltlES. ;.S ■{ to the westward. Stood about and seined aW i f ""' "' ' ^"""^ ^"^ -«'•« ^oo L S'lualls at intervals. The hills are a HSf " *''^,^'"'is<' ^ the south south-west ■ sno ■ tu;Kuish the islands fro.n U.e nJ i.aLf " a{ Tolf "^'' ^'^r^^' '^'^^ '^ *^ cliffieul 't; d" between Joys and WestmountIslandsttoDoui?asn^-'l"" "'''"^'i ""*^ ^^^^' I^'*^'"' i ^ ' leather got finer towards evening, .^TliZte^] \T"' ""^T^ ''' '^"^'l'^'-^^ ^^ ^ P.n vater where we had got it before^bi^ Ly returnlj >r''' ^'^''^- ^ent boats aft ',' trozen. solid. We saw several la^^e sohoofs otZT ^'■''*' i""' ^^y- '•^P"""n.U- the stream day. We were also visited by ive P.,?, "?' •''"'' ""'^'^ "" 0"«' way in herH foxes plenty, but they brought'us notlu:'""' " ''"'' '^^^<^^^ ' ^^->- -port dieTal:, ~S.;^ ■fllnrS;^^^^^^ the night. AH hand. "vor f„„„ tl,ci,- ca„,p i„te,„li„g to con ^on « L S^ I"™ J 'l^oy ^.ov ;;».. 0.,,., .0 e,. ,.,e ; t„e;i„.,„e.:*;;';:;i;'r;,:or; Lt:rx;"t 'pjr r quite thick and dark, „nd snow son , ! ! ^"^'"^^ ^^'^ harbour in the strait it looK the night fell to 18». BcTxts tTatla ten o.^fs"'' T"''"."^"^' Thermometer durn- p.m. ; they found noplace to get water Xh '?'''"»g f"'' f-'e'-h water returned at ? day IS everywhere making along sW " ^^^t«-«" ""^es being frozen solid. IcJ to. Thursday, 2l8t October. -Had a cold n;»>,f •, , and bay. .■ heavy vapour arisinTfr;'„ Tu " f ' «>"^>de.-able ice made in the coves carrying water in buckets from a Kl e ,n f ^T -"^f "" "^ ''"^ '^''■'"t. Crew em^a" ed on board 500 gallons of wS d^J'^ d "'%?'"'^' /'' *^ ^-^s on the bea h''; fot buckets and auouc the men. Got import .n^io,^/' '''"''' ^''''' '" ^''« '^«-ts, in the early start in the morning if the weatC J « '" wtteTln"'' ^? "I^'" ''^^^^ ^-- - I. , Friday, 22nd October.-The wind is fdli ' "" ' "' "" ^^^■•^• dark vapour is either rising from o^ s. ii n on%l ''f '''''''^''' '"""^^ l-"^'-. though . loft our anchorage and stood ouMnL tC 5 -^ 'f '^*'^^'' «"<^ '" the strait At 7 . . north of Chanel Isl^d." At I'o^m':^^^^^^^^^ niT. ''''7/''y ^''^--^^teredthestraU^ the l?r/,r.''''%^^^ '"^''^ ^^ '- ight went down to 18°, and it was 21° on deck when if ^ f^"' ^''«™"'neter last absence of wmd, it does not feel cold. In to In 1 T f. ""v'l: ^'"y- ^^t, owing to th. wind : away to the north of us it apnear^ o J "^ ^^^ ^'^^^ ^""^ ^^th northerly . distance. We are now standing uSchlrle^ir^.'^ ^'""''>- ""^ ^^« '^-n «ee n> shore. At 1.30 p.m. wind came ro^unTto tJie l>i ^^-^^ ''" '"'^^^ ««" th« «outh now see a considerable distance to the north "^^"^'.^^ '^ «t"PPed snowing. We eu face temperature to-day is 3r it has so L h '^\",?'^r ^^'d ice nor berg.s! The su the effect of the warm'er wate; orn'rou;^^^^^^^ We are evidently eeC: Abreast of Cape Moses OafP« nll^- j ^''^ ''^""d Cape Digces -f nm Island. 8 P-.~South\uth-^^^^^^^^ ^he -rth tC of S2^ 1 P m.---Our log and our reckontg put 'uH^trtermn"^ ff^' ' ^«'"« ^^^^ X bury Island ; put the ship about on her rn,^ ''^' '''^'^^ ^'^^tern end of Saiis- Have met no ice, but cann^ot se^Ly dLtanc" ' '' ""^ *"° ^^''^ '^ --^e the land. shifted to tlip 'trait it looks anieter durini; returned at 7 solid. Ice to- in the coves ■rew engaged he beach ; got boats, in thr ready for an set in iiere. ter, though ;i ■ At 7 a.m. fair distance nore or le.ss IOmeter lasi owing to thi' th northerly can see nn ff" the south ?• We can • The sur- ntly feeling 3 p.m. — of Charles half speed. nd of Saiis- > the land. V- 1/ numox UA r expedition of mr. jj her co^rnStl; <;^^r::s;t^7^Z^^ :^^ - ^ -. put t.. ship bac^ to strong current setting to the south-^ast w th 1 « ^! f ' "'' '"' '" '•^^^- ^'«"»^ '^ ^«'7 .-ea.her overcast and%loudy, c^nlrlty fs Zcet ^a^n. '''''''''' ''' '■'' -"' should be close to Salisbury Island init th.. HZ "' *'*''"^ °" '" *^'^o^^' We off than we have allowed iov wtl-e we arV , ^^' 'T'""* T^ ^'""'^ «^^'^P»^ "'^ ^^''ther our pas.sages in and out. At a rsurrnT"^' ^^''' '!,'^''^^^'' ^■°"'"' '^'^ ^'^ ^''^-l' "^ distance decided to haul up Jl::^ ^l^:::r'i^::^^t^r' ^'"'^ V^ r ""^ ludgiag by our run and, by the heavy tide r nrf-hi. i u- , ^ '''"''' "'' '^" «a!isburv for the last few hours, ^e should l^fn about H,«^'"">''' ^^^'^'^ ^^« '''^^e ^^^'n «teannng rounded by the ice ^n the mlLVof th 15 ^S"^ T T ^^^ ""^-''^Jf"'y --" little at intervals, we made the high land east of C'lt VV.l ^^ . f •"• ''?*''^'' ""^""''""^ '^ wind for the night ; bWing ^^ fl^s^Xtl^ir^jj^^^:;^!; ^^ the wai.d''t:4S:::::i:ire;:;;L^:-:s3crs;^'i ••^^f -f '-- - ^'^^ --■ of Caie Wotstenhohn^; fXt r L' ati a^ncrSa^r '^'"^ '1! "."'^^ '''' '"»^^ '--' to get in to Port Laperriere, but at 10 m .?ive ftT '^'^^^ '" *^' '"'^^ "^ ^^«'"« ^'^1'' risk trying to make the h;rbour stoXff shnr. 1^ . '.' 7u' '"°^''"" *«« ^^eadily to getting colder and we are havin^ a' li 2 . rv f u -^ , '''■ *^' ^^'"^- ^he weather is very short distance, kept tlSYJ^d tS a i ^I tn f ''^ '"- "^ ^^ -« '^"t a At 2 p.m. heavy sea, tlu, heaviest we have een t' the str T ^Tv f ^""^ ^'^*''"'"'^- snowing steadily, .^ea is heaving in from the soutlfenst/' T? ''"^' or no wind : Douglas Harbour, shaped our course to -iteS^arleTi^ ''^ r" '^^''''' ^^^^"^ *<> fresh east north-east bree/e, snowin' 1 e^rvilv fin '^ '' ^""'^ '"^"'^- ^'^^ ^^ ?•"'• westernendofCharles Island sir^dow." ntrt'-^SoT '^'"^•^. "T ^'^ "P *" ^'- tingclearer, sky looking bright away to the norJhr ' ''■'"' '^'"'^ "«'t'>-east, get- Monday, 25th October.— 12 a.ni clear and n^U • j i ,■ with occasional snow flurries ■ at ;-rS"a m w ^ k "^vrnd haubng to the north-west At 8 a.m. made the land aV^^t.tt iti^nd and ftood'" f ^Pf'^^^'^he south shore. squallsarepassingalmostcontinullly Tt9am can. T ^^": ^''^"^^^^ Harbour, snow in Douglas Harbour. At 12 20 pm as vve '.^ ; / k''' V".'"^'" '^"'^^''^y-^^^hored weather with the sun shining br^'hSrwhiiroift in H^ ^" harbour we ran into clear is snowing steadilv. We have no fc'ed ihat "1 . ''™* ^"*^ ^" ^^' «"ter bay it and in O'Brien's, the same condition existed ?n' "' T ^""^ "^*" '^'"•^°"'' ^^th here drift vapour and snow. The .rord S nu cl/,^ ^r^ '■^'^ *^"" '''^'^'^'' «"tside, than it was when we went c^it o "f. ^ay m^^linTh'st "^ '"'""^ "^'^ «"°- ^^^a^ Tue.sday 26th October.-Dull and overcast. Wind round tn .1 snowing thickly outside ; we cannot even see thp ,cln i /.u ° ^'''^ south-east; Crew engaged ■' day shifting col It 1 1 p m w ndl" . ^" "'""'^^ '^^ ''^^ ''^"-h""''- south-east; co ' Parable swell running h^-^ L^g;; trportthT.' '" ^ ^^^^ ^'^^"^ ^'^ -Gale moderated at 4 the top.s of the hill? exposed to t^ll'sou t-elst w nd "Tt 8^ ^""^^f "" ^"^>^ ^'•- round to the westward, and it began to get coHer Out t ^.^"•/'"^l^^'n^ «"ddenly Ue dark and thick, though in here the stfn is sEng ti.htV'''S''^ ''' '^ '^ "^^ ■n h i, "^'„'°°" ^^^^^S-^t outside tlu^mfuth of ttlT'"'" ^"" '^"'^ ^^^'^'- "^ th. can hardly call it a snow storm bub t L T ' . n "'^""'' "^^ '"^'^ "^^ «now. W.- '■nough to obscure tlie view and reVe fc us LT' ""^ '^ ''^ht dry snow falling, thick l^reeze from the north-west. Kou Xd the n .r h ''"^^ '^»y;'i«t'"'ee. We havel fres -.d stood up rhe strait to the nS^ "^^ ;,'^-;^J ^-d ^^ /oys' Island at 10.15 an Hudson Hay. It is neither ice nor co d ^11' s h J/ • ^ "^^^"t.on of going back intc trom various directions, never long in one Qua I 'ITr "'' ^"' '''''''^^' «t^"ng winds ' ;ihculty in picking up our poin^t , a^ f wS The "s' .o T^ ^'^ ^^^^^ the|reatest •MHudings, a knowledge that the hydro"LTv 'f the .^ ?• ^'^''' ""'^'^''tain currents, n,> |u-e runnir>g greater risks than are warr'anSe At n '' !?*"''^^ ^"^' ^^« believe w. forty nnles an hour by the anemometer ^nd 7 ^'"' *''^ '''"'^ '« »ovv blowin.. can see the land on^he soutrsW widcl/l^reTof "^" ''t T '^^ P''^'--^- ^^i^ us and .head we can see no distance a all At . " "''1"^' t^ ■'''""^' ^"' «"'^»'''' Knots and ic.ng up a good deal with the snrat n,^ f'^ ?'''''''» ""'^^ ^bout thr--. ice us up very seriously. Heavy snow s mafls at -? T" t^''"' ^^'^''^ ^-"o^t would consultation with n,y offic.., to give ilup a^d .un onr'?H ^* i^ l^'"'" '''^"^''^d, after lately and stood to the south-east. When wlnu? . ' "'''''''' P"' about imme- Island and about twenty miles to the Zt^r^Jt^'T '''.r''" '"''^^^^ °«" ^ '?g's th.^ Labrador land. At 5 n ni .,.„,„;'* 'P^' -^if'«-« Oates. Followed alon..- northeast. The west.end cSpn icTWSeTr ' '"'^T' "^'^^^ ^^''^^ ^o^ n-'S -oather clearing, stars showing S 1 Tirn ?^ ^! ' """■ '^'^ '^-^^ P •«• ^t 7 p.n north and north-east. At 9 n m nor hp.n T ■ ^\ *""* o^'^'-cast and cloudy to th •>roe^e ; weather cold. ^' "^ "°'^^''' '^ ^'^''^^ '" ^ l'« southern sky ; fresh north-elst Saturday, 30th Uctober.—Nio-ht fine un fn 1 At Ga.m snowing too thickly to run; slowed^ down^'In 1 7T- '' '''"' "'^ "S^^^ snow, ahead full speed again. At 8 •. m UT T " ""'' *°"^ '» canvas. 7 am wenr Ha.lsnows.i;alls.;^inter^Lair;Sy^^?Cl^^S^^;^' rt^r'^ Advan^^a^ I I'ast to west and back again several fimes On^ .m . ''''\*^ ''^^"^"« ^'^"^ ^lovth- he mouth of Ungava I3ay. The sprajt frSbi^Ti^fS ""'^^' "\ '^" ^""^^ °^ - - 0-day At 4 p.m., between the snW sma IsXhted h i ^''^'T'^^'-e '-^bout the ship ; K.«pt to the north of the Button Islands h'uH ^'^^ ^^"^ ""^ ^iape Chudleigh pa.st them, and at 7.30 p.m. shaped ou'Vous souUi f f^ ^P",™- ^^^^^ -«'' -'^ north.west breeze; smooth water, with consiSble.^^ril^'''^^'^''''^^'^^^ ^'''^ -e^t b. JO p.m. wind veered suddenly to thr^uth west .n^f display ; all sails set. At -ck^..^^ .ok in canvas and^ .owed Twt Tl:tJ;?Z 1 1%Z.^ ^l^^ atedtfS^'^^;^S^^r^^;;d^ty inght up to 4 a.m. when the weather mode. detected a crack in the fiang^^fTe Si fLd^p: a t^^ ^' 2.45 a.m. the engineer under reduced steam until 7 15 a m when wp J '^ }. ^T^ ^"^ ; had to go slow -placed by a duplicate, and at 9 10 Im^Je weTfteul ft ''']' ''^"^^^ p5>« -.: breeze; glass rising. At 10 a.m. wind ^rZontTott /i ' 'P"'"'- ^''^^^ westerly high and inshore of us. We are k..- ,inl we nff7^ . ^''''^• '^^ ^ P-™- sighted considerable sea; crew engaged I'eakir' thc^it off tthuH '"'r ''^ ■'"" ^°« ^^l--' able to get aoout the ship on" deck with "the arifnee of if"" n?-'"'' ^' ''"^ ^'-^ "i-e or iUL lines on account of the I 1 \ye have liad it of .Salisbury or the strait th* , decided to ge y light at 8 a.m d clear in thi ito snow. \Vt! ^v falling, thick ^e have a fresh i at 10.15 a.ni. ;oing back into t strong winds ve the greatest in currents, no we believe we now blowing; )rogress. We g, but outside y about thr-'i' re frost woul decided, after ; about iiUinc- le off W 'gg's ollowed alon:;- to the nortll" I- At 7 p.m. loudy to the sh north-east Hght snow. 7 a.m., went ance abeam, from north- uth of us in out the ship > Chudleigh. 3od well out fresh west ils set. At gale, with the bow of her moder le engineer to go slow 7 pipe was t westerly 3sh breeze; 'vard; ship vind; ship m- sighted Jg Island ; e are only nt of the 1 i Hi V' 11 im E 1 ■( j 111 x !WI' K 'IH ^^ ^IfP' X riff f, :W 1 t-^ O ■ !'. «^ --' i . 1. S y. ■ f F •! , i I m. .:Mr^ 4i M ill K'i Ax ' '' Ji-i'iyrr.i ■■y'y- ■J a « a ^^ -1} a: y„ i .' ,^ ff'r I * ' f In.--. !.- r;^, !•:;«' W ;■ f i\ t 6. fr A ar stf ou 6.^ wii the off rou the .'ilor into Can Reti the; fresl: blow bury here Capti ^^^^ freshenin^Cn along close inshore. At 8 n m mnrl n ^^^*'" "''''^ ' heavy squalls with rVin"^ J! l.ere S" gT'„rto^S''''''r ^'r« ""'' ""■! »'* ™n. I decided ,. , . '! li m^ 116-3 3=>ART II. -^e^Pe^S^-1,^:^ t4r :^ S^^ f -^ - - The «..p .. practical y one year and a half, steam hunch Ir? °^ T'' ^*"''««' ^"^ supplies for large decked yachts of 35 feet ov'er au\oZht 7^y.\T' ^""^''i ^" ''^^^ °" deck two ;v...e htted internally with cabins, bun'cs etc for .nV^":, 'T ^"^'^^* ^"^ ^oats, they Uken north for the use of the Pirtielint out 'h "'1 '""'"• '^^''^ crafUere -e.ng to use one on the southern coast o? the L/' <'f«S'eal Purvey, the intention he purpose of surveying the shores. Plowever ttXi *''' f''' "^^ ^''« '^"''fch for the ship made good weather and proceeded around^S. .^»'- ^^^P'^' ""^ded condition, •shore ot Newfoundland W-^ onf«L,l fi a. *^™""^ Ncatan and up a bng the western ;i'.v; the 6th of June, 'standi on'do^n' we'm:tl''1'%'^-'^ °"i^ afte^ntVrsW Ke increased as we stood to the eastward rndXrtlv h^'"' ''%"^ f "''''''' ^^'^^t ; the heavier and closer, and the ship was tSrsl', uj^'^ before midnight as it was getting t.. wait for daylight. We were then i^^.ilTofTf. r,'"''' ^? ^'^"^'^^^ the engines uestion whofKo,. u_._i 1 „ . " '" signt ot Jielle Isle, n.nri u .,* .. _ k. * - — . — .7"o»i>. vve were then in siVlif r,* n u ti ' . -""Fi^^u uie engines question whether we should force the sh p on ' the .^ ^ '^'j '"^^ '' *^* "' ^^ ''^«^^e a pack which we knew to be outside of u7or s ^nd n V*''"^ T^r'^'"^ ^et through the "t the ice. Before leaving Halifa- I hJu J "? u""?^ ^^^ Labrador coast inside conditions and a report slfovt^^g .« po ?t1on o? the T'^'' "'S' ^ ''"'''''''-' «*' ^^^ - tne tune of sailing, together with a JZITJL ^^ ^'""^ '^'''""^''y ^« shortly before north Atlantic steamfrs as ha met'the e In thHr''"''."* '^' ™"^'"''^ °^ -^"^ -*' t'-' prepared and kindly forwarded by M James Elliot 'TT ^^T'' '^'"'^ ^^^ been "yself knew, having followed the repor s caTeTulfv a^ ' f^^'^*''?'- ^^ showed, as T jeing packed on the eastern shore of^SouSL^h^^^ and spring, that besides Ite south and eastward than usual, it qurtitv "?'.• ''' ^-^jended much further to i'-c been abnormal, it had been co^n n^owf st 'd^'"^"-"^ "'•^^'^ ^'■^'" ^^*^^'« S''^^^ ^eudng steamers had found unusual d Snlt ^ t ''^ '"'"''^ December, 1896. The Ap. II Many o* them in fa^ro^^y' gofc ^irl Vl^''! ""^1^ \' ^^^ ^" ^^^-'^^^ -d ons missed the seals, as these had mssed r o h^ .W u"^ "^'^^ ^""^ «'• ^^^ ^^^ep- Jl-e w .d we had been having since Tavin^ Ha hf'vT ^, u *^^"'"^' ''''^^^'" ^••^""ds, ;va« rny opinion, and that of iny officers thafo^rt ^T •^'■"'" *^^ "orth^east; it .elle Isle and the Labrador shJre in a ;orth easterlv d .'' ^^^''^ T'^"'^ «»* °«t^een lead, which would take us to the open water oT he ^>i'f^"'.u" -'^^ ''°P'' °*' «"ding a -ay again at 2.30 next morning, and Toon .o^ out of ^K °^ '^' ^'"- ^« '"^'^' ""^er water off Battle Harbour. It wt then bWin! a frel ^^ "^^?, "''"'P^^'-^^^^Jy open and the ice extended eastward as farTs w Jn^u . "O'-theast breeze, was veiy cold ance of water sky beyond, the ice tsTetdnXidlTunTh ''f '"''^"^ "^*^ "^ '^PP-- On our return to Halifax in November^^S L ?/^/*™V^ '*^ ''"^^ westward, up to the end of June, the .'^'^ iH,s of^S H T ^ u^'^' ^'■'''" ^^^ ^aj of our pas.saae came in from the Atlantic .a Uafded is far w f ^"Z ''''' ""- ^''' f»» °f i^'^- tfes with the cod fishery. "^"^ *' ^^'^ ^<^«'"' '" Meccatina. greatly interferin' ocnmenced to come into the straits and il^ ? north-east. On the 7th the ice weather had been cold, foggy and wet Th/fiT'^f* ''"''^''^ ""^^il ^^'^ SUth. The to 29th. Schooners bounK?h hte iTet greatfvTr'' PT^*'-''^"^'^ inwards o.^ and Cape Norman m^de n..„...,v„n" -' greatly delayed by the iee." Dana Rp.jM When off Battlefttrbour a boir" '"'"'^ "'^"''^ "' ^^^^^ ^«J^- ~ "" -1 th« occupa.... cam?:m Crd X?oZrtSr"'A" "'^ '» ^'^ ^*^PP«^ ^''- «''*P 1 1 6-3 J ^ gg "' *^*'''* *'>« I>»ana " was the nrst vessel fJi i! IT .1 S6 MAHIXE AND FISHEIilES. We continued at oncehw norfh easteH T' ?^''' r''' ^»''^» "«»'^1- most open water. It w.. blowing eshS^rr'^' '^^'^ding the ship towards the or less open ice all day and from tirfaottrtt ,!''''' ' ''" '''''^'''^ ^'"•^"gl' '"ore must he , Heavy body of ice outside; tow- ds 1^S^t2l '" '.T'" "" ^"'S^'^ *'^^^ ^he e as the ice was coining toL'ether we wp,.„ 1 i " "" weather cd.nie down thick anrl early in the mornan./as °oon as Tt w^'el ^ fnsi l^e .^f^ .'/"-^''P- '^'^ ^^^ "'^^Va Some of us now had our first experience o;. it t f '!' '? ''''"'^^' ^«''^' *« the sh"o,e heavy ice, and certainly no vessel not n f . . """"^ ^° ''"^'^ '^ «''■? f"ll soeed 'u have stood the blows tL '^ ^^l>'t^T:Tut ''T^ tl ''■'' P"'''"- -'^ v floating b and 8 feet out.of water and mu h nl ? '^ ?^ *''« '''"^ "'« ^ere in was rail ; scattered through this were .nanv .nnvl/ '"V J "" ^""''^ ^''^ °' «^en ^boJe our large pans, but heavy'iun.ps, a'ld tZ-d.C u^ "''f! ^ '^ ^^••-'- ^'''*^' '^e was not mpping and the ship lay c., ' , '''''"^'' ^^'^ ^^<^'-« often jarrnned fast in it there was no I'rom the 8th to the I9th of 7„.,„ >t in an off shore directiCn A^ t m" i t "wS 'TT '""I '" ^'^ -« -' -rl-.g through speed, at other tin.es it would close t^htTw^ enough to let us make feir as m,possii>le. During the morning oth/l9tl we b? ""'^ ?'"^'"r-'* "^ '^">' ^^''^^tion ro n the eastward, and the ice at'one ' .ia, to 'oT" V *''' " ''^"'">' ^^^'^ ««"i»^ sh p about head to the sea, and .^oinc ahe- . *f? I ^ .^'"'"t'^ ' ''* "•'^•^ '^-'n- ^^e PUt the into the open water of the Atlantic" We' J"" '^'''^ "^T ' '^•'"- '''' ^"' ""t of \he ice of the ,ce, there was a he,.-.- sea on and thM ''""^ T^^' '■^"^' ''^'^'^^ tin.egetti i. out ;n spite of the wonderful handinesl of th hip Z ^I'^u'l 'Y''"'^' ^" '^^^^^^^^^^ got son.o very severe glancing blows Any o e Tu "^ "'^ '''"^er in the top we know what it means to .teain out of J^^oZ To T-'''T ''''^' ^^e navigjttion^w H rr'T' l"" '•''''P' ^'^^ "'^ -« -e hU'^>ZZ pack in a hea^y seaway. " We had the first chance of getting out. ' ^""= ^'""^ "^ ♦'^.s ice tliat we dare not miss As soon as we were well olfn- <>f fi, • under both steam and canvas durin^ h Jfn ''' ''"""^ '"^^'^^ '^'^^"§ ^he edge of the field but towards evening the ed-l^ of teVn^k ?),'•""" ""'' ''""''^^ ^^'^« '"^ north-easterly on whicb though high was not%isiLe ve'were Se 'Lr'^T/'^u'''^' ^^"•«'^^-" ^^ thei^' 20th, ve stood in to try and make'the knd 't Cane Jr T '^'\ ""^•'^'' ^'^ «""^'<'^y tl e Monu-ian Mission at Okkak and pick up a^lnte^^^^^^^^ hoping to get into^ the loe against the land which it was quite LtnAr^''*''^ ^°""d a solid pack of kept away along the margin of thrice to the n^.^/^^'? '^''"^ '^^ entering. Vo Monday the 2Ist we were in the lat'tul '? T]''^^' ^"^h fine clear weather • by with the ice solid inside of us We sounded a^' '" ''>n 'i^ u^'^"'^'^ ^'^ '«''-« off hon^ that we were outside the bank described bfcalrr f ^"^'^i""' "° ^'«"'''"' ^^'^"-i ■: he h d to steam 70 miles offshore to S 100 f?M t^ '" '"^ ''«i'"''t f«'' 1886, when parallel at which line I had deteLined to L^l r"" ^^'7'''^ "^^^' '--••"^' tl I'e 6 . J^ay. The morning of Monday the "'nrlof T ^t'"".'^, '" ^"'" ''^« »'«"tb of Hudson 5 a^m. being then,?as I believeCcm "the 61st n.;';,!^!'! ^^^T' '^'^'^''^ «»^ ^'»d clea ^ looking lead and head in. We did so ,nrff Tf""' ^ '^'^'^''^^^^ ^o take the first fa , and more worn than that we lid Le. so Ion" d ," '"^ '"'"-''' ^'''''' '^"^ """eh 1; >K^vanced, the ice ran abroad ml-e '^d wi Hn Iv -T '"Z"'''''"' ^""^''- ^s the dl; would T" '" '"^"^ '•"'"^' ^ P^"' -• b^cc off\^^'^,;; ''!','"*--™Ptions, when we had Z would have given us more delay to h'iv° wnT. i '^\«n opposing barrier, which it and west (true). At 5 p.m., as we were mornenT i , "P"" '"'''"' ""'''' ''""'"ng east emerged into a lake of open water. ! "'^""^."^'^^'y hoping to make the land w, tons under a bank of fog wh d? ffted J'?^!"" ''' ^'''T^ ' ''' ' P>"' -« '"-fe h B V north we could, from tlie cow's nest mall "fT^ ^'^^ ''^^^^'- ^^'hile away to the sureofourposition,weshaped7crui^,t.r ^' '°P "^ Resolution Island^ be m southern edge of a heavy fieW o? ice whiJ eil' T'"" "^ '^' '''^^'' J^^'^P'"^ a on' ? Resolution Island along'the shore of Baffii's Land ^' "' ' north-westerly Hire^ctionC: being abouTret'C4tkr''^ "" ""f "^^ ^' "-• "^ -- one .e...... .-. „ " ■"" ''"'^'^■^^^•'- "^^^^''^^ ^^'-"»^ ^t were a few largrbel^g;;:";";! IIUDSO^^ BAY EXPEDITION OF 1S07. m many growlers, and a considerable quantitv of thiol- .1.1 fl • r l^one abroad, as can be judged from the act^hat vve h.' f ^ ""'- ^' ''"' ''''y "-"^''^ headed mto .t. and G p.n,.. svhen we nm e the Butti,' \r '7 " ''"'' "'"'" ^« ^^-^^ stnu.mt hne; our actual course amounted to a JpTrV''^^^^ ^^ "»'^« in a open water were generally parallel to u • ^^u^.f^; n'erT'Tv'^r"'' "' ^'"^ ''^"^ ^^ Jt. .Needless to say we were ..reatlv reinw.T ! T '""^ *° ('«^>'it<' verv far from under such favourable eonditir." aL ^ ed jZ^^^^^^^ "r^"" '" ^^^-''".^ "^'^ «trS ..t the strajt n the hope of n.akin. an S y and mnt ^ "^ '" eon.paratively open water < Id we hnd the water that at 8 p.'m we set t e n^^ f i^"''"^' '"*'' ^^^ ^^>'- «« open he southern edge of a field of hea^ric ' w If . ^""f '. ''' ''''' ^'^'^'^ ^^'^"f'in',' alon" s a.Kl along the Bailin shore ; tl.:,;,^,, Z J e oSecM 'iT''''' '?'" ""^^^'^^^ K^iUp.n^, yet we met with no serious obstrt^tirnlr^ \ f" T '"« '" '^^'^^^ "^ •••lu p.m., when we came up with a solid la '^^^^^^ next day, the 23,,, ^tj^ ^^ could^see nght across the sLut at rigial'E to oLLT^^^^ '''"'"'"' ''' ^'^ "^« -« Ihere was a very ceneril fpplin^-.* i- • t'ourse. chances w..e that thL^l^ors^rltr^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ once that the Island We came up to this barrier l^.st betmd IddirR Tr' *''? ^''"'''''' ^^^ove Dig '; P-™;,<^he evening before, steamed about l-^mitsfn^n 11' Y''-''^ '"^ ^''^^ "« ''^^ since ship through some heavy b^lts of i^ '-,'"7^'«to the strait, we had driven the J'-e been risked with ani-iV'S-/ rr's.^me':'' 'yII"""' ."'"T ''?''' ^''^ -"^^^ - no ice that would have entirely stopped sucl 'a ^,1: ""'^ *^'''^^ ''^'i^S in we had met Gordon as most suitable for the route tholdM. . ''" "^''^ described by Captain as chrect a course as we had done v'h S toonedT K'^T' ^""'^' ""^ ^^^^ ^'^^e were about 18 miles off the north shorri nTl .^''f ^'t'^''''''^''^^ >''''^ i^'*' wall we v.s.ble all day. After scanni,;^ th "cf :pl;,un. ^rthe''^ ''"'""" ^'''^^''*"' '^^ ^-^ sign ofopen water in or beyom? the nick wrnn tie crow's nest and finding no the zee to the southward wi^h the "op': ,^1111^. T:.f ''^^^^^^ '-"'-• o? be about forty-five miles away fro„, ?he n tl sho ■ 'l ^ J'"'' ^^■'" J"''«"^' on.selves to l.eavy bank of fog was hanging not fa 'off to tt S "' ^'' '''■'"'"" ''"' '"^^"V ^nd a tl.e pack for the night. We were u L" wlv. . n f''' "' '^'^' "P ^^ *''^ '^^ge of s.andmg to the south until we madeout f he^s Jt Isir^^ ^, "'f "'?''"'"^ '•^'"' ''""ti""-! Advance. We found the ice trendhi'^w y n an ' '" r "' *^.^' ^^'''^'•^•"^ ^f Hopes no s.gn of open water between us ad 1 e T. h, 1 \ P '^'r^'"'" (^•■"'')' «"" ""''' '^^ ''-" the north side of the strait a. offeHn./thee^f l r '^"^honties had advised the set of the current along the north shore ?■ T n"'^r' .'•'"^'"" «^' ''P'^" ^^ter, ,^ next n^orning the weather being fine ^.u e,4 w tl ^ ^ ''" ""''""'■'^' ^^* ^^ ?•"'• •s ack m the ice right ahead of n., and n ,n or' two '?' we noticed a disposition to show among the pans. We were very much b doui l^!.M I' "^'"'' '''^''' ''^S^" 'o ship into the pack; my own feeiin-v a" is how tZ T '*",' '^ '""'' '''''''' ''> ^^rce (he ^a.n nothing by forcing into suclfr " t'Z^t^'J "^ "' "" '"'"' ""^ '^'''' -« <^0"ld the edge of it, and wai°t until the ioe^we'u. LI ul /.'''' "''•" ^^"'^' ^« '"> "'^^'^ off to go on, and if at all possible be in t^ Iv'iy ^T)! ''n' *'"'" "" "^'''^ '^" '"^'^ious press through the strait.^' We had be n S Tn » A""" ^^/^^^^ Our orders were "to as .ve went west, though 'Mieavii '\tn ^ p3'' ' '^ ""^ '^" "'' ^^■""'^' -'-""^er "composed of small pieces " packed iZ-lv ^^ ^''V''''^'"'''^ ^"^''^'^^'e. would be up, and then drifte-<" >-- brok^ noasure deprive the pack of the force neces" rHw ! "' ^"''' ^^"""'^^ "' '^ S'-^'-^t i"3set m It." When there is a nip the sm ^0 W. "■'""', '"J"''>' "^ any vessel would act as a " cushion • betwe/n hf hip' 'nd'' 1 1 7f "°'''^T'^ "^ " "'^"^ '••'"■^^'y i-« ^ trom " violent pressure." .^-c., &c So we deciH^ . ^''^"' ""'''• ^''""^ P^tecting her ^th of June L .^ D,ana ■ ^nt^red t ;a^':^^,;;P'^f: -' ^^ at :U5 a.m. o^ tl,: W e worked steadily ahead until 7 ;3.5 i m wlw^n H "'^ '^^^'^^ ^o the westward -"I'i neither go ahea.l or aste , and S ^ .! e "^ 1" '"^''' ''F'^'^'' '^^''^^'y -"^ we usua V hnrl fi,... »!.„ ■ .,. .. ' . ■'"^^'^ "*^'« 'ct me say that t,hp fi.«h ;..»;..:..<•,. usually had that tl •-HI id cio.Mi le ice was running to^jetb prt' wilting us fi Itiickiy beiiind the ship and er was an inabilitv to ", at the first intiination we iin l)ickinn- off t prevent us from using the '•an. ahead invariably when^^hi; halie.S :o astern, the ice screw astern, thus we were rl:;- i'.. ^il! It if • vU i. ^AlilNEAND FISHEIUtJS. nipping was sZ^Z^^i^^^/'^^^i '" *''^ ^^'''-^i- "^ ' il' I land'"' vT% ""' f ^ iPnrl,. tr. .^^'^' '"*o convenient iviolrno.... . fi ,* ® ^"'' ""' provisions on deck leacly tor lower ng (luicklv • .11 i i P'''''*^'^gt!,s ; the boats were swnn »"^ing »4 U,; k" . IXrilf t°- 'T"''!"- ^^uosoynAyj,xPEnjrw.vorjso7. 8P We had our most severe nin of .ill ^ .1 came heaviest abaft the for.. rUni, 1 , «^«"'»n« of the 4th of Julv • flm . the rail ; the maia ^u:^'^::^:'^^]:^^;: Z '''' 7 ^ ^^^ l^i'^i^ollj^ m the centre, the oilcloth on the ib in Z, "f^'/''^^ "'^^ ••«K"I.'"-ly bowed p tastenings were started, the soams and butf 7 ^"'V'"'''^ "P "' '"'g^ the deck .he water poured down into the c^ be" ,w U.Tf ' ""^ '■' '' ""'^ ''^''""l' -^ the 'fme head hke garlands from a May ..ole nd b,'.. ' n ^'f'"« '^""« ''"'P t'"'" the mast below came tumbling on deck^^.e ^Z tl Xp'"'™"^ ^?'^'^'''^ '^'"'' ' ^hose who wen However, just as w,Mvere expecting to see^^^^^^^^ <^" take to the ico at once o Htarboard ; owing to the pLsure of he ce 1 ^ ^ ' '"^'' '""^"^ '^^««*^'«''' «f'« took a list thrs she presented her sturbLrd side at an a\!Jl^'^:,'''^^^^^^ on the port side, in dob,. -'"ce sbd upon it, the ico passing anunder he l" ' ''^'^ '^'''' '"^''^^ "^ h*^''- 'unJat danger was over, this could not have .L V ■ .''''''*^'' *° ^^ ^^'^ter borne and the o see how she came to herself aga ^ fte" a l'"^^"''"'u""^ experience of' the work deck seams and butts closed, the rb.n I ' T""' '''^ ^*^«™«' to open out the generally she began to feel n.o're loli fS ITh u. f 'TVP.^^' ''' °"" -cord, 'and On the n,ornu,g of the 8th of July we Zt ZuThIT > '''^ ''^'''' '"' ^''^t ™oved her -i us, ,ust a few streaks where the pan'^ had ' «'""P'^^"* "P'"'^ ^vater to the south wcj.k for U ; at first the ice was ven | «. "l ', df ""' " ''""' "^ ''' "'-"^ ^^egaTto getting way enough on the ship to -nve 1 e • L; ' u""^ ''^ '"^^ S''^*^' difficulty b^ ;;.Kl the ice was softer and more op." 1, ' Ueed b ''""' Y'\ "' "« -"^ ^""■t'^e'" ot)' sho e drove her hard at it. ()„ the Dth^ve 1 ai tInVk f Tf^' ''!" '"^^'^ better way and we any extent, and we made but little Uk . " o^ f ^ ay, the ice did not go abroad t^ B tl^nH ' ' ^'^"^ '^"^''^ ^-"■'^'' ^-tting b/fb.ht n o s? ' """^ "•'" '^ S-eat change. By the 11th we were close overt., . I,p t .k " . ^°'n« comparatively open water •^>'-oad; by midnight we In^d^a^ULilefl^^^^^^^^ llT""' *'"""'' ^''^' i^e^Z w^, ;; oseon our starboard hand, Le^i::t^t^' V^''"' '^ *'" ''^^^^'^ -lid pack la 'dong Its southern shore in fairlv o.um Zf « ^^ '"' ''''''•^> '""^ ^e were steaming "nd of the strait .».. .V"."^ OP-^ water. We had Cape Digges at the w S the 12th f,f .T„I :.i . .^''^'" at 2 out of the strait 4^1 ""V't^^:^:;^ r?' 'ri-''' ''^ -;ia;7^:;;:; par les that we had on board, and as d7 He Z '' ^""^^^ *" ''"'^' '*>^ two geolo-^icU I'orth shore of the strait, wished to ht I i f ' ''° "^^^ ^^'^''^^'^d for the survev of'tl J entrance to Fox Channel we e^our ,. Zl 'tV'' "^--.^^"8'^ <^^ape at the ruth-e te ' to pass to the eastward of Haltbury ;;d"a '?V"""'"^"'' '''' '''^' f^'" Cape D g'e considerabe fo^r durim. fl,» T^ .• , "" thence over to Kin ox Channel, filling the entire straif b tv^l^^ b1, ff "h' "V'"''? T*^ P""""^' ""t o -ds, the narrow pass between the latter i.hnHixr^"'^ ''"'' ^Salisbury Island, and ^:^;-S^o the eastward at tA^e r^te of fiVe Sot? rt^T'"" '■''''^"^^- ^his ice was '-•ould not fully make out the conditions so we hi'ri ,^'f \^i"g a good deal of fog we short distance ;rom the .-dge of the Zk Ti ^^ ^"^ *''« "*«'>t, holding the shin ! .^land. The ice we had to the north of us and tf \ "P '^^ *'^^ '-^"^' "^ Salisbur^ di> ;ci)!oured, srS=rii:--»^Sie;3;;^p;5.: strait. The ' attempt to get to Ki :"Sf 't^T.'^?'^^-8.«--clsixf^t ngs Cape to land hu i, and li/iformed Dr. Bell that that I would try and do psns out of the it was impos- so i r ^.i ,- j i.' * v 10 4^ I f ^^■'^'il^'^B AND FISHERIES. further to tlie eastward W« «f S r ^rvrr'^ior -'^^ -'^«"' -*^.'';,::;i,''','" '^" ™-""' ■nile from ™ • u'S S i T° •"" "'«"" "' '-W -•" „n, .,? 'r,'""""'"" I"""' "" P-, of ■« , w„ a tr„ ™ 51,7 T,""" •"'"""'y »"•■"' .w „',;'.S"'1"'T ',' even across t^e tmck J ' «■ f l"'^'" ""«*^ ^^-^^ "'-10^; t, • 1,. J!':" ^^ others west, were steaming a oi^^^^^^^^^ «"««- ^he whole in 1170 o ^211 " "'Z """"»'' "'• nH.iJ and exhibition of 3^," '^""^Hjooking with woX " > •"' '""^"■'''•^"- ^« "l>ead of u. a wi ""of to o fZ /" T''" "^"'^ ^''-^ -'Went sho " tT"-^'';"-" *"'- astern and before we em, W T-^ '"''''" "^ "^^nt- a similar win *''"" ^''« ^^'Id fe"indinff mas/ ThI <;»uJd extricate the ship we were i^^LT f 'T^ "P *''"'» t^e ice extricate the ship the"n''""' ^^«'« ^^trearelv ^er^t s an7we ''t '" '^'" "''"'•'"'g' Bpite of all we Zld lo Z" ""'*''" "'^'^ ^^'^^ ''^ ^l-'-'t tant to tif ^vj-'T exertion f?. «l>e was sudden y"irftod*n.f ''"' ''^'^ '^^^^^ "«. too^the s "ff„"f °"^ P'^'-^icularly "ing about oa^hVfnlhicTh . ;■'' "' Z""'- ^^«^ «"* «* tt wa /'S "" ''" ^^^^ ^'^'^^ rather astonishin/concSon fl^'^'''''^"""^ just as quickly as°it had . *^"'«' '''^*«'' ^^'' a couple of C? *'" ^'^'''''^- '^^'i>* the pans soparaJed the ," "k '"^''*'''''' ^^^^ ^^^ wont abroad ar* ''.r"''' ''^^'°"* ^ P'"- trnnmed alon^r 1-1,0 li ^ . '^'^ "iffi'-'uty in holdinr, «„„,'' ^'^^ always «..y lead »'s, ™„w s„:,''': '",""'" "»« Xr,r hrrr'''?,"*''-'- ^^^ went in .,|„,f|v „ .,,„ "T.,™' "'« »liip ",« therefore headed „f . '"="»""'. as lie . about h„„. a';^rxs« ,;ra"r:„dTi "i "">" 'h:?' « ".oro ''^^'r- .^^^ what appeai-ed to be a n-..<. ll ^ ^''''''- ^« we got dose in nL ■^''"^'"^' a boat kyacks. They made thf m J f T ''''' ^'^'^"^s we tore met l.vf ''T ""''^"'S for to us that theVs wi baS aL thar "'"l ""/^ ^'-^^"'•e^ with ^L'^b tt' ^f^'^"'",'^"^ "' -veral tin.es oih g to tl ieeth T ''^''' '^ ' ?•"• wThad toThff^''^'' *" ^'^^'^ not have been safe W • ^'''^' ^''^ coming out of the in?. 1 ^' °"'' 'Anchorage officer with rbol/toJookT" "^T "^ -ere duHnf tt n X^ r. '^"^ ^^ '^ ^^•°»'^' '•eturned durinrth° 'f?J^ ^"'' ''^ ^^^er anchorage further in h^K ^' ''"' *^- second ■ ''^^^^'•e engaged during Saturday, ''^^sox nAy Exp^,,,.rjo^r oj. ,,,,^ the 1 7th of July, ballasting ri.-ri„„ „ , 41 ■es in th '•l»t. Oa Sunday we left to laud Dr iZlIT .1 "'""P'^ny will, M,, r,ow ^'— J - n nnd thinnod ' t^l "'7"' ^■'""'"" '" ^''" -nd tion T :•' T 'f^ '" "'" tl.o land ^ve had to Iv off ^T """' '^'^' ^"'^^ '^ 7^p . 1,1 '"''"T " "^"•'"'^ *^' Wo backPfJ nff „ r P.", ■^"'' '"^^ore ice was still fft«f »^/i ^"""S the winter, -r witS the fa in« tfd ut' "^"^ ''^^'' ""' -pec L^^th^t t " T^"' '^', J?"^' ice was cornin/baS^™;,^,^';:'"^''"^ ^^*'^"«' '« ^'^'f a 'a X 7 30 n ' ^"'V "^""'^^ SSHSSSlSESS ill with the turn of the tide iU. ; "^''^ '"''""^ ^ent down durin,. ' ' ''*^ •S fte whole ;l,l^ J „5= .=°' ^'* '0 C..,,e D.Ws ,«! I, " ""'■""."y »' > ' &e Ist^d '"vv"r T\'"'^">- h-'^ded aw^ to the ^2,,"^.;'""^' ^'^^ «""^^'-» condit ^ <^^ea «,ncht.on away in the direction of HoneC \ ^ and t^ :^ :^""''^^*^ ^■^'•' '^'^ ^"ttons. By 8 '^ ^ •^n.i as we had a few dav« tn ...„.,„ i,./^.^ " lich was extend ays to a.m. next inornin vance. We at ing in a much once set the loff '''""^--■•«-"ro;"S's%;jXaeS we had made 125 mile -Fia n if 'm. HI I: ■ 3 ivak, I m IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) v^ ^v <5? ., W 1.0 I.I la ^ •UUb 2.5 IL25 III 1.4 2.2 2.0 18 1.6 llUlUj^dpiUL Sciences Corporation 33 WGSV MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 « 4 ^ :\ \ ^ y^.. . ^. ;\ C/^ Z, r I I I ^ 'VAUIXE AXD FJSJIEIilES. decided to go and look for Green Tslanrl Tu^ „ • ^ ,. . . the Ungav^B y had bee^ crsLntvi-n? 1 ''*""'" °^ *^'' ^^''^"'^ i*^ t^^e mouth of others having positively denirreLltenceC^nr' r"T^"! f.""' ^' ^'^^^^ «^'«t-' had advised its^emovalfrom thenar ' We haul^theshl" r ^ '"'^ *" ^"'^ ''' -"' of the island, and at 11 a.m. on the 27th we Z ]« n, , I ^ f T "^'^ '"PP^^^^ P^^^tiou placed on the chart. We were, however Tev^nlV !l'^^- ^^"?. ^^'here the island was from getting near the land we aw and theTfrat w^^^ ''' TV'*' '^'•''' ^'"^ava Bay estimr te of the size of the island J 1 30 cm 1.1 T ^'^''* .*''''* '^« ''""^^ ^^'''n "'^ in the direction of Port BurweU which we m^arTe" T. ^^ ""'""^ ''^"''^ *'^" ^^g« "^ the ice ever, get in, as a belt of ice abou7ten or twelve r^M '"""^ "'""'"« ^ ^^" ^""'^ "«*. how- We held on for the night to a pZ wh'ch w vldrirn^ wl T^r''''^/^ ^™" '^' ^^-'^ at 2 a.m. on the 28th we cast oft and strtmed rnn^/tl « ''■''^^°" ^* *^'« ^""ons, and passed through considerable muclworn Ind onen W f ^r"*""' T^ °"* *« ««^- ^^■« angles to ou? course, with lanes of onenwierhl' ^''^""^"^ ^" ^'^"^ '^'^""»« ^^^ "gl't 9 45 a.m., and saw no sign of any LE beyond " A T f " ^"' ""'^^^^ °* ^" *his°by there, and there was a slight swell tomSp^f "^ f'"' '^"''g^ ^^^''^ «<^*^"ered here and steamed through all the field Lwe.net^ht.nnrn'' 'u""^- '''''^ '^^"'^ ^'^^^ ^^^elv there was no more ice to the east3 te put ab" ?^- ^avmg satisfied ourselves that Terence O'Brien Harbour, insidHf Sne M^'^u^ '"^^ ^^''^^''^"gh the ice t^ harbour on the morning of theToth we steamed d^' ,^"'' T't"''^^- ^^^^'"g t^i. We did not get into the Bay of N;chvak intn W ^'""^' *^' ^''^'^^''' ^o Nachvak. having been delayed by fo- We saw nnlw ^^ morning, the 1st of August When%ve reached the Lchora'e of tL nS p" ^^'^ T^ ^"""' ^"^ very few bergs Mr. Ford, the agent in charge We l^^rlpvi/^f^ P°'^' ^ ""^'^ ''^ «"<^« boarded by «hip "Eric" he%, but fSthaTshe ,ld S^ have passed in along the north shoeo the laTt ." i "" ^ ^'"^ ^^^^'■^- ^he miL Island. We remained at .Cl/vak ur'til tt 1 th oT A "'\ ^^«r\l«oking for Green and boiler, shipping a new rudde. win" 1 we h Jinn ^"f"^*' .""^"'^^"""^ «"'• «"«'"« and cleaning up generally. We found from M^ ." ^T^^J ^/''^'"^ '" ^^^ tons of coal, Nachvak Bay i,f the beginning o July s^ fJat we '^H '^t ''' ^tf °"'^ ^^^ "»' «^ P t'^^ 21st of June when w^ had Uedon'ourw:yn:rtr"*^ -"^^ ^'^ - of th^^Js^^t^s^s s^S' t:r -^i^^T f^^^^'-^t*^^ ^-*~^ po- J Hudson Strait, about 45 miles outside the BnK. ^"^ "' "^^' ^''"'"^^ '^e mouth of I ice whatever. We made CarJ Ev e^ ""T^l' .^IT \'T ^'8^' b"t no Held ice whatever. We n.ade Cape Mercy errlv on TJ ^^ ''"''^ "" IT ^""'S^' ^ut no Held August, and steamed along the nor 1 iastthore o CumZr^. < ^^"^'^^^ '^' ''''^ ^' station at Kekerton. We were here inflned bv Mr Mm'^ 1 !• "P *'' *^' ^"^^"^''' the season was a remarkably open one thlfff ^ ■?^''"''' *^^ °^""*^'- »> ^^'I'lrge, that from field ice as it now Z 7ZtTn 'l896 S 2e"; %"?rr' '"^ ^^ *^« ^^^-^l ^-^ we could hardly have got up^ to Kekei ton On the iSth If ^^ '". ""^""' "^^ 'l^^^ sound to the only other sedentary whalin "staSn nL f"^""*^ ^^ •^■"^^-^^d t'^^ at Black Lead. Here we met Mr SlerSan th^ T /" «Pf ^^^^^^ «" Baffin's Land- Sampson, an English mis.ionarv to /}!!'■ ^^"^x'". '^^^''g^' ''^"'^ 'he Kev. Mr Chu.;hili. onthe^veste^nSCHf H dsoX'"orth7'^^ Cumberland Sound t!; We only made Resolution Island oTth: Lrn'nronhe'Ct'Tv '\'''K'\ '^-S^.t. fog ; pas.sed into the strait to the westward of the Butto;! ' ^^ ^ }^^l ^^'ayed by where we anchored at 2.30 p m We s7 w n. ^""°»«' ^nd round to Port Burwell, Hound. At Port Burwell we found the SS 'Kf °" T' f r^'" ^''«'» ^umberlanc Brothers of St. John's, Nfld. ; cod had iu t struck nTl' ^'^°"^'"^ *° ^^'''''- Job left again the same evening for the west had n^f^ '"" "''"^ ''^'^ ^^"^^ ^'^U- VV> <.f I5ig Island ; were olF the eastern end of tUlT'^^TPr'!^' ".P *^^ '''''^' ^ ^^-'^'^^^ August, and found the ehanneUcr^ss t^K^S'^^^^^^^ f '. '•",• ""^ *''^ ^^^^ of no attempt to enter the pack, but kept a^ fo Chn v^ m^''''^ '''^^' ^^"- ^^'« '"^de I in the mouth of it really existetl, sd to find it, ami iupposed position 'e the island was led Ungava Bay e could form no e edge of the ice could not, how- s from the land. ;he Buttons, and 3ut to sea. ^y(i strings at rigiit le of all this by ittered here and ' lid have safely i ourselves that ?h the ice to Sir Leaving this lor to Nachvak. 1st of August, very few bergs. nee boarded by Bay Company's >re. She must ing for Green ng our engine > tons of coal, dy gone out oi ave got in on bernmost point ^ the mouth of ;s, but no Held ■ the loth of to the whaling 1 charge, that the sound free ison, and that 3 cros.sed the ithn's Land— ihe Kev. Mi-, id Sound for th of August. n delayed by Port Bur well, Cumberland Messrs. Job ig M'ell. VVp lit to abreast the 24th of '■ We made of Notting- ids and dirty ling „i Sun"- yitig for fish fis .so rough HUDSON BA Y EXPEDITION OF mi. 43 t.mber'to give up my fishinT^ncJ ^e uSr way fc: ^he stlt" W ''^^ f\ '"' f t^' a dav or two longer, but there was al w« v7fj3 ^K . ^ ^ ™'«'"' ^^'^^'^ ^'^'^ O" that- the Fox Channel ice milt ^ZrJt T '' "f.'"'' "'"''^ ^" '^'^'^ '" P^'^^^^'N luuing, wheel down against StbrlrsL;^'^^^^^^ ^^^ T ""'' ^'^'^^ out. We rounded tife lon« shoal oSc^outh en^ of M-J«i'"^^^^^^^^^ ""'' "'"'''"^ Gth of September, steamed round Diggeri^a sno^vlr„f ft I '" " .T"""^^ "^ ''" tho 7th were off Cape Wolstenholn.P Tn nnon\! ? • ^,*-"'- °" ^^"^ morning of ic. glint to the nortleast We^Jni th?s „o7Jir;r t T ^T ^i"1 ''''' '^ ''''^'' covered with new snow, we had snow aU^t^rval fll ty on the 7th''" 'h 7^7-'-- next night we were forced to lav thP «1m-,^ f^\^ff!. / ^*^' *""^^ during the .-igl.tlKmrsduringaheavy,"nnntorm^m^^ f'^ f ?'-^^'«^ ^•'''^"^' f«»' it was light, and a^chored'^irZu^rHarou durin.'rrft"''' '^' 'f/^ "^ ^"^" ^^'^ everything having a wintry look U e .m^nd w? ^ ? af ernoon. Here we found drifted to\ considerable depth ° "" '^^"''"'^ ^^*'^ ^"«^' ^^ «"»^« Pl-^ces .straittr IX rnL^off'^hllt'weTe '^^Vl^ZteV,'' ^ '''T' ^^^^ *"« .ale from the south-east with Theavy sea We Ire no^ It was then blowing a sea was running right in. and there waTnTshelL^ ttrV S uT' W^h uT. Xo ' ^ stood off shore and laid SJ^ to'l 'fairfoTwr wStW -''at 10 7 "^.K '"^^ ^^'^'^ mcreasing. and as it was snowin- heavily we dec dpd7w f ' J? "^ *^^ '^""^^ ''''' i.. harbour, so we kept the ship awly rnLan tck fm Dou'irR^ vf "^"' ^«'»f-t-We enough to pick up the islands Ltside and got to ourlSSle a^ /nT "^h"""'"^ ^ cleared up during the afternoon nf ih^ i if? j ""^ cincnorage at 4 p.m. The weather ^ .f ''""^^^ -l,o,;i,o, ,Wot ivorp ri,pi,^rt', t h '^"1'""""'-'' ""'l I merely mention this fnet t,. ■ i; ■ .iJ f • i" •f ^li 44 MARI.XB AXD FISHERIES. had ,^;i^!;'^j!;; tK^- Sx^;r;^il^ ^7^- ''- ^-^- "^^"^•' ;n the ice on the 5th of .Septen.ber off the Middl^^ " ^^''^',''"' ^'^'^ "^Ppecl and crushed boats and n.ade the land L Sadd e Buck J an,^ SZ T7 ^'^' ^''" '^''^ '» '^^^ the strait, and work their way dowrthe Labrlln, . ^'''f' attempted to cross reached the northernn.ost of tL Cavian M^n .V^.'^ ^"°^ ."^'^'- ^^"^ "^ ^ho„, captam and ten men landed on AkpZk Island f1, ""'• /«'' °*'^"'' '^°^^* ^^'^h tl.e )y the Esquinntux, but as food «rorscarce "rf th^^ ^ T" f ^'■'' ''"^^P^tably receive,! less condition, they were all nmrdLTo,^ ,1, Tm ?' ^'^^" ^^ "'"'^'''' '^''^^- ''Hp- said that the Esquimaux who pe 1 rated tl>^ o,^) tTJ '" '^^^' '''''''■ ^^ '« afterwards; be that as it may the^shnrl. T^^ f '^''^'^ °» ^^^ '^''^^t's «bortlv i.aunted and until this pre^e^i asonX '.Si^.^ n' "^'''"'i' '' "^'^ «"PP-«d to b It. We left Akpatok at noon on the 14th in e ' ll^ f "''''" ^ P'"'^"^^*^^ ^« ^o near soak Island, and next morning stea n cm o th " nn ^^> FT ?", '"^^^ ""^^'' ^'^ig'"'" the pilot that Mr. Low had promised to lave in/ n ?' f ^'^'"'^'^ River and meet was not where we should have found it n nT f "'• '^'^'glo'-soak Island, however on the morning of the IGtIr We ^nt ;uTn tivr"^?ir' '"i *'.' """,''' *^^ *'^« ^oksoak hick snowstorm, anchoring off ^Ct Chimo .t^n^ '''l'^ f-T^'^ "P ^^e river in a Low and his party in good health Id w"/ ,"-°n '^'' ^'*^- ^^^''•^ ^^ found Mr. the agent in cha,-ge. irwa winter 11^7. ^ ''•"''^^' '''''''^ ^^ ^^'- Mathewson skies in the rear of the pos We lef Fok gZo T*' "^"'^^ f''^ "' ^"'^^^ ^'^ *'^« ''" river in charge of our Es'n.imauv nlw ^ "°°" °" *''« ^'^^t^ going down the aiJ that night and next d^^TlS ii3"d^^^r""^o'p ■ '"^^^^'^^ ^^""^ ^' -*-- and take in a few tons of rocks for !vn!« If ^' *-*^ ^ ^'''^'^ Harbour to shift coal I had to land the geoloScll pLt^eV-x d re^Ju'"'. T"'"^"'"» *^° «'■ '^'^hn's, Nfld., where which form the seaward shel^eT^f O'l et H^^^^^^^^^^ ^''"^'-g^ Inlands, ghiss and the beginning of a fre.I, u^l ! i k ' -^ '^'"'''"'^ *''''*^ «« ^e had a risin-^ on, shift my coals at sea and disnin J M -I, ^''''''' \^ ^"°"'^' ^^ ^^^ler to keep ri^ht Cape Chudfeigh on the e^^n ng St ^ o^'l^' marr«''""'' f' "^ ^'^^ ^^'^^ '-"^''l we anchored at 2.30 on the inorning of the ^™th Tb ' .''iv '^"^'V'^^*^- "'"'^"''^ ^^h-" there making a ge'neral overbad I^d taVit iiT^n-tT '" "'"'"•'; ''^^ '•^"^^^-'i "lormngof the Gth of October when a soonafitw,« l '^^V/y oi coal until the iJay. We had fine weather up t^'e le iT LtT ?l '"' '^' *° '''''''' *« Hudson snow ; we run into Pitt's HaZur on the t'b o 1 T'''' *^^' ^''"^^^ ^°"«^''^"* g^'^^ '-^"'1 were detained there until the morning of the Jth '^^^l^ ^^ >^rui e^tra ,i, ; Charles when we met a heavy north-west 'air^nHc," . ^ ^*"u'^ °"^ ''^^^^ Cape land at Cape Bluff and got in to WHaSurfo/r *";■'" ^ T ^''"'^^^ '" ""'^«'- ^h*' tinued until the 12fch wlien as soon a's iT L.T for the n.ght ; the gale and snow co„- We made the Buttons at "on orSvtrSld"1 ''T'^ we continued north, of the islands up through Grev« Str i ts 'but i ,t '^"'P''' ""'' """^'^^ *° P^^** «outh came on to snow heavily ■ it had tJn 1 ^ *''' 7' '"''""^ P"'''"g ^'*P« Chudleigh it looked squally and bad ami we decided to Z^i f '^^I'^'^Kf '^^>'- The wea^tlu. the night. Everything had a wi Lv W.L .1 "^^" ^ ^"■'^" harbour and anchor for the night. The weathf r ctl^d "Slv .ft^t 1 '" J^ .^' ^''"'^ "^'"^ °^ ^"°^ ^^'^ ^urin, went out for the second ti.iS we M ionf o? 7-^'"'' next morning, the 16th, and w,: heavily outside in the strl we hJd etu ned ,?' ' ""l- ^'"' ^"^■"g ^'^^^^ and snowin, lUittons shortly after noo^and haneT ,ntl ^'^ '^r^""''^'"- ^^^" P^^'^^^^l ^''« ^este: n intervals during the af te oon and'^ ni^h ll '''"'■'' "^ '''" ^*'"^>'' ^'^^^ «"ow at pretty well ahead and tlfe Z Teed u f oon. r'' ^^'1'°"^' f^'"" '^"' '^^ '^^ -i"^l -- n;vertheloss we made faiHvt)od \Tav 1,!^ t'''^^ ^ ^^T 1^^^ ^"^^^ '^"^ fore-riggi„,, of Big Island abeam, we s m^d l^n dur n^ I?/' •"•, T *''' •^'''\^^'^ ^^'^^ '^' highland Harbour to shift coa and Uke fr^ S ' "if *.^« ^« '"^nded callingat Douglas the strait in the snmme. we ne^er I i ' 1 «•' .P"""^' ^"'' ^°'''"^'- P^'*^^g«« throu,,, was only neces.aiy to make t' s to a I '^ 'hdiculty m getting a supply of water, a.s it into one of the l^oU T^r^\^:^te ^^h' T Pf/^e end of the .suction hose o^vr vvatei wluch accumulate on the surface of the ice and riie barque "Kitty" i nipped find oruslied left tlie ship in two attempted to ctoss i after one of thciii •thei- boat with llie hospitably received realize their iiel])- their tents. It is the islands shortly tt'as supposed to be isuaded to go near ight under Saigloi- ak River and meet Ic Island, ho\ve\or. h of the Koksoak- up the river in u lere we found Mr. r Mr. Mathewson, t snow on the hill ;h going down the : snow at intervals our to shift coal, hn's, Nfld., where ihudleigh Islands, IS we had a risinj; er to keep right lid. We rounded tit. John's where ! averaged nearly icy the Governor i. We remained f coal until the eturn to Hudson nstant gales and 1 and extra gig ; got I'ound Cajie led in under the 5 and snow con-- ontinued north, se to pass south pe Chudleigh it The weatiier and anchor for low fell during le 16th, and we rk and snowiin; ed the Weste: n it, had snow at s the wind was id fore-rigginu, the high land ing at Douglas ssages through ijf water, as it tion hose o\ ir af the ice and BUDSOX BA Y EX PEDl TION OF 1897. ^g pump away, there being no field ice about in October we had to seel, n., P u shore. It snowed steadily durin^ the ph.Iv ,„ • ^ i"^^,' ^o seek our fresh water on dilKculty in finding our hLbou "owL -> l'''""^ "- ^'^^'^ ""^ ^^^ ^''"' ^'^""'' the islands from the mainland when S are al ITf ""f ""/"^"^'^ ^« distinguish notshowinreliefagainstthedgUandbelld "'-'•''' "■''' ■''^"'"' ^''^ f"'''"'^'' 'to ••5 p.m., the same Esquimaux thai we had me with he, en ' ^ ""^''"' "^'•''^'"'- '^^ cove in the outer bay for the seal and wair s hun du n " '^"'y.^''^'-« ""^^ '-''unped in a they had been away inland for the dee^l u t thev'l, ° Z ^'"''' ^'T "' '^<^Pt"'"''«r On the 19th they moved over to DouX J l^.l ' 7 ' ^"■"'"^' ''"•'"^'^^^^ ^o see us back, to come on board, but by the t mS roache U ' T"' ,"'""'" T'"^ '^'^''^'■^"' ^^^^ndins gale from the north-east^v.th driftin '^snow wl " '"''' T' '''^ '^^'P '' '"''' blowing a on the rocky beach to brin-. hem off^winV . l^ T" '°"''^ ^^oU^^tempt to land a Ct and in half L hour had buil an "b^ o""^. v hS? ^Tl ""^ '' T' ^^^ *" ^-'"'^ night in warmth and con.fort, thou^^ttyrd ^Vr^ 'i^ e'S oTthf 19U ""^^""l us from sending boats after water, but next dav the on/l u^ • , u •^^'' P^^^^ented and veered to the north-west they were Sllhedrn H 1 ""'"^ ^^^'"^ modei^ated found several good streams of wLrl tl7fum m," Vu latltThe T "'"","^ '""'' were getting anxious about them thev ret'-.rned wifhA,! ? evening when we the streams frozen solid to the bXm ir tt S "" ' " *^'^^^'^ ^"""^' '^'^ filled from a lake half a mile inland the ^v.Lll}\ ""^ ^°'/"'' '^'•''^^ t'^"'" boats on the beach; it f"ze i^ui bucl7etr l'''^"',^'^ T''''^ ^y ''^"^ '^' ^1'- Onthe22ndthemornWwasfineandweStt^rm '"^."^ ^" '^'' "'«"• light by 8 a.m. At 9.30 a.m or as soon iTw. / , w •■^"''•"''' ^''y- ^^ ^^^« i»«t began snowing again. We h^d had more o. T " got fairly out into the strait it Clmdleigh on^the'l5th. DuHng tL XLoTcl" the -7l .t^ '^'".^ P'^^'^^"^ ^^'P^ and clear overhead, and we passed abou ten m les o he .'or ' of X7'^^%^f™V"''»''* ing our course for the eastern end of Salisbury Ishnd l.nn "^ Charles Island, shap- inouthot Fox Channel in the mo rrdn.^ \ve t "^ ^^T course during the night whiclwrrrvdark ^J;^T,^ ^'"^J)' ba^k and forth on our ourselves to be close Sp to the island and kn w by the' '' de' Hn'" '\' f "^ "^ ^"PP«'^^^ that we were about the neighbourhood where le had hfZ 7 7"* ^''e strong current it began to snow heavily, we held on for a white hopin't m 'Tt w""^ T" ""' I "'"• would clear up, but by 10 a.m it had settled ZVn ^ * '^'^ ^^'^ ^ ^^I"'"^!! '"«! rents were so strong^and unce tafn we IL , n ^f '"T ^"°^^-«^o™ ^"d, as the cur- steamed away to Cape Dic^.e^dS the?,? ... ^ ^"""^P^"'^ 'o make the island and Cape WolsteLolme^ We made th^ land f T^ ''' tl '^""'^ "P ^8^'"^"^ the land of far'to the eastward, showfngt ha f been "swepTt" tht" 7 ^'^1' ^?^^^' «"^ ^- We followed close along the land which I LIT? !m if ^'T,*' ^"""» *'^ headed the ship off shore and kent her unde,- . ' '^ '^T^' ^^''""' ^'^^ P-™- ^ve it was blowing^fresh and IwTng "Ctad?^^^^^^^^ X 1 " """' '''' '^' -■»^^' 24th, at 8.30 a.m. and followed closely alonc^ the land ro,^n O Tv "«'^\'^'°"""g. the into Port Laperriere and hold on thLTol- cle^r \ ea^^^^^^^^ heavily to risk makino the harbour Tho ^hrZ ^^eatner, but it was snowing too one point looked so exactly bke anothe^thltTe I^^^^ "'IT^ '"''"^ -«- -^ could only see a few feet above the wate Hne on tt beach the'h 11 ' '"'T^'" ^^'« the drift so that we could distinguish nothin" Tf „ f '■ , . '^^''^ obscured in spray fell it froze. At 10 a m beim^ then in H,,d.n R ''' a^ ""■^' "'^^ "^^^'^^^^ the of Digges Island, we put ti;e"hipTff%t,V head t^ the tSnd ^ '« -"^-'/^-t-- point breeze from the .ortli'east with 'considerable sel B J V "'Z IVT^:^' ' "'^^^"^ heavy sea running, and to get about at all on the slipp^ery Tcks we had tn^"?^':' ^ lines to hang on by. It was snowinc' heavilv p11 fh^^- ^ uecks we had to stretch life ing up. wf then'decided to steZl. ck i^ tt e tXV'tileT'' "°m"""" '' ^'^^•- departure. During the early mornin.^ of %e%th\ZJ' J , ! ^''"''^ 8^* "" g«od and it cleared up a little ; weT^t ^ aiimlTe of h.\ l!"^ hauled to the north-west, ■uid soon after 'made the' Labrador sho.7;^.fch:ef?nored a ^^P^ ^^f- ^^tes Douglas Harbour shortly after noon. It had been sTowYnl n ^"^' r'''^""^ "» «ot under the shelter of^the land we ran into cleS weatTer ' OnZ7& ^h ' "'T "^ hack to the south-east, and it was snowing again so :hi:kiy t^^tte ttild^LTst Z iiiK H t; I hi iiii ., i I-I f ^ 46 •'ii'fi MAlilXE AND FISHERIES. Imrbour t^ "'^f^"^ ^^ 'he stmit ) n i we co^ d not sf '*' we re,„ained at^ncW Harbour the weather was variable snow i\Z ■ ' ^®® ""^ distance off shor,^ I. consfa,>tly fron. one point to another On "" ^"^'^^ "' •"*«''^'^J«. the wine shTfti ».e ter and T docidej to get £ into tL't;'"w"'" 1 ^'^^ ^^th 'the wea?herto Ts ands Trio?- ^^""- '" *h« J^-^---. an fo7sonrHftle T r'^""'' '" ^"^ ^^^^ ■•^' tonsar;-"" ^'''"?^' *° Put^about a^X"^;^^^^ spent at anclior in the Gut of Canso h "'u''.'' ^'^"^ ^^^'^t*^«''- Monday the t? the inainhold so as to t ' n the shrmc^.! TTk^''^^ ^'"^'^^'^^ in filling bunkers f;"" i'l :H i;i I^A^RT TIT. sf£ORT ACCOUNTS OF HOMV nir 'rnv i> . ,.. BAY AND STI AIT sLl^^^AT VT^^ '^'"^'^ VOYAGES TO HUDSON CAPTATV^ A vrT.;^ ^^^^'^^^^ ^^' ^^E VIEWS OF WHALINC Slfltu^t'c^F T^ ^^ ^HE SUB.IErOF"HE ( nited States whaling captains who have mulS t! ?*' "'"''""'^ ^™'" '"""^ "^ ^he and wintered either there or in tlie northern n^f I '^I!'". ""^Tf *'^™"8h the ..trait, anything about tlie voyages of he HudSn s^Hav r ^';^' ^ ^° ""^ P''«P«^« to say^ ; n-de regularly .ince the first esta Lhment of Z ^r^""^ ' ''f '^^'''. "'''^'^ ''''''' ^een these vessels have generally gone in kteln J Iv n? T"-^ T '''^ '^''"™^ «^ 'he bay ; September. There was no object in h.,v/J^ f'"'^^ "' ''^"«"'^* '^"d out again in as the boat expeditions bHng Ig t h^ u S^!^ '''' T""^^' Tl ^'"'^'"^^ ^" ^'^^--n arrive at tl^ coast depots beVee end of jlwhil^^^^ "^ the country could not ".re landed, and the furs and the products of tL i ' ''^'^^^^ 'he imported supplies nothing more to wait for and the so,^ner t e ves si thT\ f ''^'^ '^''^P'^' ^'^^''^ -"« 'Ihe hshery was, then as now, made in Ju Iv and A ,, .^''?'''^'° "^""'^'^ <^''« better. wererunninguptheriversxTomthesea the whit. T'. Z^u' '^? ''''''' '^"^l ''^^^^on t - rivers during practically The sa.S s ason Wh ^^^"'^ ^"'"^ ""'"^'^ «" ^'^ 'lotamed later than the middle of Sen tern be. it w ^ company's vessels were owmg to head winds, calms, or deten ion in the t tT '"^^ ' "" *° *''^"" ^^^^ "''"-'^1 = ports of Churchill, York, or the head o? t1 p ' t'fy/0'"<^"mes could not reach the there was delay in getting away and on 1 W of"^- ^^^^^^ N^^end.er ; in such a case r^^ssage of the strait, the vesSs wL comneUed T'''"' T'^-'''''^" "^"^ ^^e outward here referred to were, of course snnfn! ^°™P^''^^^ *" ^"^^r m the bay. The vessels they suffered were sudfa'Sd notlav^Sl^^d stT' '' .''^ '^*"^^'°"^ *-™ -^"h experience, therefore, of the H^SonrBat cln! r'' v*° ^""^ ^reat extent. The eplamed. only the season between the latte'7oa?t 7 r?r '/?f' '""^"8' ^s I have " no use in deciding the conditions of tvSaEon t JuLT. f '"^ "^ September, is < 'ctober. "avi^acion in J une, tlie beginning of July and year SLStr^erf Te^J 1^2^" ^.^^ ^ was granted in 1668. in which -•» the "Nonsuch." TLrwinSred Tt T '^^ ^^^ ''"^^'" ^^P^^'" ^^^h^^^^h Gilkm Fort Charles, the first E^^liX lit frSudsonB ^"^,r'?'^*^ '^ ^-^' -'^1 •••ompany and their successors the VnW !i ^«dson Bay. The charter granted the with territorial Hghts'^Tj^r sd ctt 'ofe^alf thTS: ^V^udson's Ba/and s'traft and confines of the same which were nntTn, li ^! ^''^. countries on the coasts Christian Prince or State, tot TecLned and rJnJirr^^ ^^ the subjects of any other «'•■ colonies in America, u^der thrfan'of RupeS^ ^' *'^ ^"^'^^^ P^-'^'-- Frohisher—1576, 1577, 1578. tliirtv-five, the "Michael" nf thiri^ j • ^ ''»">"«■/ «■!«! the "Gabriel" „f IH: '■'• ( f ■ t ., ■w ■hfv j|5 in w ^'^I^'I^'E AXD miJEIlIES. in the same year. Npvf von., i ^ohn Davis ~1SS6 Captain W'eymonlh— W0'> ' «... th„ voyage wi,i„„ „„,„„,, „„p-'^„ ,„S';-i",tt™^r " " ""^ Hudson— 10 10. En.lStn"the 1 7II! of a!' ^^7'^' ^"^^^^^ ^''— '-^^ Hudson Sf,.., . , P capos le na-iiPfl TT« "'''''^^^'\<-''Pe WoLstenho mo ;md T-.n^ 7v '' , ■"« ent^iv, contrary v nd S^l^r"" ^ '';"'*' ''^^ '^ ''''^•'^' «tru,:' e inTL ?^'^^''^' ^""'^ «^ -^-l' his crew mu niVd ;id Zl "''" T '^^ *'^^ ^^^ «f No'emt,. -lT^^"' reaching anv boat, nothing .t ^tl^Thr .^'S. ^"'^ ^^ ^ --a^^'S'g ^l^!; -ytV Thomas Button—lOl/' iols— ono the '«Ai,| ' May, Orkiioys 8th ,',t •inrl 0.1 tho 23rd to„k tt'y with the ensi-i, token of possesM',,,,, ' harlmroiis natiw, fl«e of triK! roJi;;in,,' land tho saino t,i'|, S to found a colnnv too riiri,]. Capi;,i„' of Frobisher Tnl.r LT. i"? second voya^'c in ifid been so nai/i, ,i tinned on down t„ ^", tliinkin-' it [\u- in company wUU ' -'Sth of Juii,.. !a if fdong tlie coii.r so he concludcii 'e one sea, and as ^here might 1.,. ^ in refused to pr,,- western pasNi-v "k1 an inlet into ty leagues hn.ad, : lie returned r.i ke Fox is of tli- :overy. ' P'ly. Lea\ini,' He left ai,'ain f June, entered le Isles of Co. Is t- He enteml both of which igainst ice and It repchinganv spring of 1(51 ]", '■ift in an open u" H« ■"f May, dis- ands, reached 1 1613. 'i fjij i II Ui IIUSHAXD AND WiFK-DoiKJLAS H ARBCUR^MAN IX w.XTKK DKESS (O. T. 28). m in* ; p pi If ! U' f Imt ^«^- aiS.^ i^jf^EffSWNaid K«wn,,,M;.XKv.cK»c„M,N. „,,,,, .,■„„:»„„, [48] !«i .'Jj* JiJ I :h:M :!'■'! . • • if' I L ^■'"Hf- II fi 1 J ij .1 n i I s (t e. h h w H Hu Koi ice, Col fror the begi .seen son l)elif a tei Hudi fjives when freeze yet tl nailed liam ] for ho \ as to \ little n HUDSON BAY EXPEDITION Gibbons — 161J/.. OF ISU7. 48 entered Hudson Bay in search of a north- Robert Bylot—ieto, Captain Robert Bylot in irwr, ■ ,, Baffin, whom he took ■Jr.Ll i^'.'" ^^^ " Discovery" of V^ f. land on the 6th of mL^ '/'"i"^ ^'-om England on the 8fi A •?' '"'''' ^^''"""" ifaivkeabury — 1616. Captain Hawkesbury on thp 1 Of v, * a He oo„W „o. tad a p„4 Ctd'fo'LtttS'; '"^i^'r'"'-' «» H...0 P„i„t, Lv/cc Fox~16Sl. Cobham; helete down A. ^? ^."'""'wsrd „„ the S^h of Tn T° *"■'"« »™>i . temperate dtaate""" •""'»»''' '-'-™<' '' w»uld belrd %, ^We^o^Tand"™ Captain James — 1631. Hndso^SittTheSl/rTu^r^'""'' "-'" *• »« t,-,„e as Fo, „ freeze exceas'ver 1^ take shelter eariy in October whenTt wa, ^harleton Island, 2urr '?■ "«'.i 'ru:/ r .t/r-l? ™ ''»'^""' "urge's." Miled along the west shore to Mirhl^T I ™*"g I'-'e untd the 22nd of r,,!,, 't ' «« to wl,io„ o, them wa., telhnTtt tr^r™* "'" """'*«' *"- "w^ grit TX 11*~4 ^^ "11719, but we hay e very fl tl iS'I 50 JifA liLXt; A X/> FISHERIES. Captain M'iddJeton~17^1 July ; Ke,„l,„i'„,;'?r„d ™ 't|,e' "letrf J,',"" ' "l""*' ''"P" I'"««'ell on tl,e 16«, , Captain Coates — 1727 to 1751 be.ng entangied in ice before you .^IS^IT^}"^^ ^^ ?*^'^^^^"' *"d carefulfylo d juas nules into it ; tides and o^.n^ntXp he ice in '^' • ' "^^ ''' '« ^''''^' ^"d the v" to i.azard a ship in it until vou ^et 10 or 1 ?! ' " continual motion, make it danl ro «»up near Cape Farewell by befn^ ninnl . *^^"^f '"*'" *''« «^'-'«fcs. In 1797 n?? wl-n the ice .shut in on n^ st "ei;7eSsrd"e cLe'^' '^^-^ ^'^°^'-'- ^^"-J ' 'd .^ minutes. ="^« ^"s.de Cape Resolution ;. the ship sank in •' -lent always to the -thward ; af;ho4rrt:!S;r:St:^C^ T'^T^"^ "Yon 1 11 1 i- F """'t'l- a contrary times between the Lst and the loThnf T . ? '''*' attempted to enter the stinff' ''^^^^O.y BAV J,Xl^j,^,riON OF ,S07. 61 bodies It will shatter and brpak ,'n ^- -■—•'J '"HUM Ul 1C( .«. dear'SS that ^r.^iC"' ^°" '" 'o '<"''«"- -d "aStTrStnSndit? " 1 urther up the straits we finrl iU ■ ^ -lied large heavy solid^ce S is thli/ '' '''"''' sensible Second }? ' '^l'' f^' spiHt of perdVion and S':!'::™"^'^^''-'f«od ^ Sowed *£'' ?-%Pl«"g'» I'ui'ied against those "sles of L '° '"'"*^ *"^^' shattered of thiimefi? T*^ \^""°"^ dissolved! Third Tl!i n ' ""■ ""^ 'bother, as if thev .f .n! v I '''^^" *^«y ^re «Hd is xnuch ntre7ff?cldT Ir ^'- '"^^ ^' ««'■« ^he sport of teZh'f ''^'^'^"'^ ^« ^''^t is evident whether von «1 .K^ *'«^"'^'**^ another, as I have Lfo. "''^ "^^•' » innnersed. ' '" -"'' gradations according to the hnR ' 1 ^''^tract then, »Th I . ^""'^ ^^P^^'i they are entangled, •""""'■'>"• ' «»™«>"y »- punished i„ th/ne^.^rof Ilfor/'"' I ™ch that Tou «1 wo* .rT "'"' '""■J' *<"■' »° nlnEvl • thi ^"^ o' "'"'I l^. ■ I lii I fii L 'i m 4i MA RIXE A XD FISHERJES. ^///.v, i)/oor« and Smith—lT^e August; F™s«,1 Mansfield I,k„d;^;^,^'4,,"'"<''» "'« '^■»'«»"'e up to the 9 , rf t ot the strait on the 9th oF Mo^I , "^^ '^"^''''' o» account of foo- a.vl ice. got out .ji i,„B scrait on the 9fh nP y^^*^ i •' ""^'^ "" account of ina ^^vA beptembe.. 1747 Henry Ellis Jas a firl tefiem i^' T "^'^^!'"' '^^"-"'-'' ^'^ STth o his failure to find it in this voyage. '"' '"^ ''^^ north-west passage even afto, Franklin and Back—lSlO. of the Coppermine River On thp 4 ^ *^ "^ expedition to explore the fopcV . and reached' York on thTsoEi'oJ Aug^t' ^"»""'^^ *'^«^ ^^" "^ -*<> t]S ttTcX:;:: left ||£) r^x-s-th-^Ma;^ sr Ki^r;^-" «-^r^-" ^^™ '» "■- "H.d.»- tude 60 .-,.r, a,.d longitude 61" 39' Sj„|f,L „"'*, '? '"''"' midtlle ot .T„„e (17m,;7 were carried in drift ice until thlio.i^i g^ ""'' "^'^ ^^^ 9th of Au-ust l^oT !. beset and in g„at da^^^ttr ftel^r^t: ot^r f'S'T' *e *ps ^Z 23rd of .September, and reached ScotUnd ^nW., 10(1 Socl^ir ™ *""'' "" "" VJ prevails those vio- (except some short irdly to be guarded William Moore in 7 Ellis went with m believer in tho 3 guidance of the company with thn eet the mountain- olution Island on I'ing a fog/ Met fell in with an e Charles on tho f were abreast of eld Island on the iif was done that I River. Winter October and by winter quarters to the 1 9th of entered Hudson iount of fog and (and the 28th of issage even after d the Hudson's e the coast east !• fint icebergs. ihe "Heck'— ^une(I7), lati- 9th of June : 1 the 21st of mpany's ships i -Nottingham ;h of August, inter in Lyon mile of shore 'n the 21 St of iome places it 1822; put to iffust; straits itember near , l''<23; they le ships were trait on the HUDSON BA Y EXPEDITION OF 1897. 68 Captain Lyon~182.i. 1" 1824 Captain Lyon in the "(Jrinpr" l,.ff I' , , Southampton Island on the 30th o T ^"g'and on the 20th June round».rf entered Wager Inlet on the 12th of LSer \1 T'\ "^ '"^ ^^^'^ WelTomr^H^ so he returned home directly. 'September, but his ship was crippled and leaking Captain Back~l,S,JO. sighted Baffin's Island, andtganrtork Id" ,av th""'*!*'"" ^^^'^"'^ • «" ^^e 23fd o Island, thence he proceeded towards iZul e bIvCi ""?'' ^ '^^ ?^ ''' '« SouthamptoP m September a violent storm drove hin h..L ^ i^'"*" ^'^ "^t^'^'ed to winter, but late was fairly ice bound, restin^on the solid i P"'' ^'"^'f ^"'"^°"- ^^^en the "Terror' i^ frozen plain mo'ved w.tVth^curr ntland Z^LT^^ ^^^ '"^^" ^° '^^ ^■'- "»- andhis crew passed the winter. Towards Lr-Int' , Vu^ P««ition Captain Back -under, w,th a commotion which threXtd to cS '^' ""« -'^^ ''-"t K'e drove backwards and forwards, .Mindinnd of August, where he went into wfo er n,,'.;, ,/' "„"'' Committee Bay He m,.de a nnd voyage .„,., the i,thmu° To" "o'"lt SV",K''°i'''^ °' Seplembe,^ got back to his quarters bv tho .-,fi, ^i; a* , °* Boothia, dur nsr Anril 1S17 . Melville Peninsi, z'i.tl;;;^i^f^;r,tro:i'ifh°?^'*"'" '* '^ -- ^ for the ice to bm.k up „„til the l»th of A, ™.. ,S 1, ^ ?' ''""'■ ''""""ed >v„itij, -oh,„g t„e,.e „„ the ,„. o. Augu^^^d^SV*;, ^ ^^ e'S, S'^XSr^tf ? f *! fM- ii f^f f • 111 I 111 M ivir M ^'^'i^^-yi^ AXIJ FISJ/EIIJES HEDFOHD. 20th December, 1897. T n ■ -vth December 1897 "SSB? S ?';r V'- ""■" * Mr ;«i^ t^ '-- '-- T^ower Suva^e.s OnLf.l^ I? '''''''>:^^' "»'. ''"t head wind uJ,T "" ^'"^ ^^^J, „f t>ozen .Straits to I ox CJ I^TT "P '^'^'■^ '^"^^ ^''e cle ba J.^' 'f-''^ ^ ^'-^ th..;. ^o.ning fro,„ thr„ortl. T ," ' '*"' ^ ''''''' got a chnc^i ^I'T '"•^'.' 'h''' '''«'' J«l 'nd an.l forcing u'.lock ^ I" ? "^' "'^ ''''' "orth-weirn Zj'^Tl' '?" ^^' - the north by wav of P r "^ "''''"*• The current oo, 1 ■" "'^„°^ Southampton ^ve,st sliore the ice I.V 1h- <-hannd there is "enerallv oni ? ^ *^*'''''' t^traits. time out of U Channel "r .^^ ""■''"•^' thatCT ^C\"Tr '" ''^r"""' -' ^ho to thirty feet thick '" '" '^"'''^°" ^^'>^' > this; is' S f '''" ^outhsvard all the straits we do .see [ce no ". 'f/T^f '^'^ '''^'^^^ i- bu orrT""" "/ ''^ ^■'■«'" ^--'^V comes through Furv and Si ^ ''' '' '"''"^>' ^« hi ty tt ^, '"""^L''";^ "» I^Vozen fox ChanneZ and f "'«'::;.' 'K'™''f ' ^ -->' --v a b.g ^r ^'^.e W? ' ''^''^ '^« trora thirty to fifty feet n^,V ? '' ^'^' '^•^'•.'^' '^^'ove Big Island \\' ^^ ''^"^e or in ice from the We come vn^i f '"u*"'" '"''' ^ ^''^"k tht^y 1^"'!- nff\. 'T '".''"" '^^''g^ '^'^ it is eventuallv . '^•' *" ''^^ southward down fL ^ ^'"^ '*'"'' there. TJu. «-i.o" cts^'i:^ sift '"^ '"■■" «<>» o::t;'.rs,,t'rf ?"*'s ''- pnendIygoesouti.;''r,' ^'^^:;i^"P;^bout ^'o™ the" I.tTt^u" ,o;i ... \ --V here about the loth of lul ' ?''' ^^''''^'e'« bound for tlu. w/i ' ^"^"^t, it 15th of July Th:! h .J 1 ' Tr '*' ^« "ff the mouti, of 1 li'""^ •^'•^ ^^ ''''^^^ that date. ^It is uSi ' s tV''""*^ ^^' "^^^'''^'^^'^^ ^l.at g^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ '^^''-t about .h. hHve never fou,^^ one , J-?'*'"''?. ^ '^-'^ looke/^M 2v, !;? T"^ ""'^ ««^ '" l><^^<"e the date mentioned VtoVV'"^"^'"- '^^^"''^ ^'-'-^t chUe tl e • i • "'^?^ '?''^^^^' ""^' ^ i'lto the bav f mm .i - . ^^'^^ ' ^"^^ they have ,.,on •Septon,ber tlenwehL t •'''"*'^ '^"^' -*'«t of Cap p ,V^''' "^ ^^^ -halers winter ^w. eS.^fj.'"^^ -i'^ter ,uarters on'Tl e 2 ,'7; "r',"" -'^"' '^"d by what we see rather' ... ?"' ^'''""^ "'' ^^ ^^uHerton We n ^'''^•'"'^'^••- '^'h.' '•eefs and rocks alon'.r ! ^'"".' *'^ ^">' '^hari, the charts a.'e ■. " '' ""'" "^"" ''^''^^ Point is about rH' We T '" ''^'^ ^''^^''^"»- "'^t a e no e f T"-,-'^ the.v are homeward bouncl' ro.n the T'T^'^'^'T in our sailing .ship o L T fV' ^^''"^'^ ^he mouth of He wX„ t " ^'^^ ^'^^'^ "^ Septeufbe thatlf ' ''"' " /''« ^^^e'-'-e ^vhaling on our lav hon kT'"'' ^ ^°^ '»°'"e on the -3 . ' 'f \TX '°»» ^»» hon.e, . Jt' lound an open cJmnnei eoember, 1897, '>^ ige; have been \ wj.en r went ii,> tne strait on tlie inieon tlie UtJi .if x Channel fmn. 1 Hecla Straits, ■summer, on tlie HI th ward all tile f it from twenty and in Frozeij I fcliink this ice Welcome or in small bergs say nd there. The 'f Hudson rJa^ il Cape DiiTires 'I ~ A.uguNt, it me try to leave rait about th" >t got in before ■ vessels, and I ind ice even at lie strait and with them to Southamj)to(i '"gust to 10th ntii the L'Otli tember. The auv own head iiid there fire ^w". Whale the WelcoMje hale Point at iber and saw coming that d ice. 1 ^rot g run home, We do no ^e generally sts in. For ham islands pen cliannei iwnsoy BA Y ExrEDinox of isoi 66 re"ofom-Xlerfthl; 'MvVrmomt" ^ »" •'« JH.nnied in the fall at Charles Ishmd ■ and found a good channel. T . i ^2^2 C 'T'' ?T^'^' ^«'"'"> and L 1 S the mouth of the Welcome, it will break! "L 7V>""^'''''> ^''« ''"''^ \^-^ i" night in entrance of York Bay is i,' ,he WeCe hi^t d' of"^il" T "/ ""V '''"'''■ ''^^ -«" It. I do not think you are goin-' to -ot t ,7 . n ? "'"'"' ^'"^'•« ^''^ chart gives with suitable steamers before the >nh j? ' n 't . ^^"1" ^^'""^ '"*" *''« bay, even together as it is in the sprint. • it is in lor h,'. "'^-i ^^'" '''•« '" t'"' fall is no{ drove a steamer. Owing to tfe ri,4 of m^ ^t^r '"IIT '^""''^ ""'"^ throug It w th would not advise risking comin-r out f tf 1 ? T ^^''"^ ^^'^t^'^'' ''"d snowstorms I the Meather is too bad. " La " S the fill V ^''^ "^'''' '^'' '0th to the ir,th JoS,/ than two or three hours at ftim^^'^S .C aT?t ■:7 'V "" ^^^'"^' '""^ ^- - - It will breeze up from another and sZw 1 „">'''• '"''^^'"^ *'■"'» o»« 'l"arter Welcome I had no snow in June hi " \ ' '"' '' "' ^''^ '''''^'- Up in the ber and we have it from that o^ti 'Tin "?";. ''"" ^^^"'^ with 's^^te " as ,t ,« ..,„;..„ .r.„. , .. "t, out the weather is not as bad inside as \vi„.„ • • '"" as oaa in.". ^^hen going mto the strait we keen "Ok out or vn., ..,;ii i._ . • . '^''P under asit IS coming through the strait nesoiution island, but vou nllIu^ i, i " o — "^ ■"■o .-tuait we keen i between the Lower SavaJ^: t " mai t,.d";/; r ^^''."n''" ^'^"''^^ -' ag-- coming out, I consider the worst n « • ^V^'^'l'"- •'"d Resolution Lsland h there also in going in, but goi'g ? the ice "to^Tb' '^ '"^ ^^'''"'f ^^''^'"^ ' ^^ ^^ Charles Island. I think, and the natives .Jv I fl ' "^ ^^'"'•f ^'^»^ Resolution to strait early in the spring along the south SeU^' shales bowheads-come in the neh but in the mouth of the Welcome a dtLp^K^^ whales in Fox Chan- T.i\' u, 'T'^'' S^*^ "- '-"'^ "'■ a halibut in t ,. v v T ' "''^'"" '"''' " ^hale in the At Marble Island we get a fish we c Jt 1 c 1 i"! . ""'f "^"^^ ^">- ""^" ^hat did four or five pounds. We -et trout >u 1 i <"^'\ ''"t we do not eat it ; it will weiah trout has thetroutspot:,C:h ;:^S n^ltrrr-r^'"''*^^-^ *'-" '^>-n our own trout. The big ones-the salm tm,'. ''"<« salmon ; the trout are like whale and seals m the Welcome, and the ou "u^. I h i • ^Y^ ^"^' '^ f^^^- walrus, white " I never saw a nar.l.al there. Theiv a e St^v Zf " "7''" '^ ^^•'^''•"■'' '^"^ a seal. Hpeak of, few foxes ; for musk ox you hue to V T T ^ "P"^^^*^ ^"y^ "" '^^^''^^ ^- have given up Marble Island as a wint ri . nlnf. '"'^'. ''' "'^ ^^^'^■^''-''' ^'iver. Wo grmind. Whales are getting scare evrv'yi' oTi""" ''.7 ^ '"i °«' ^'^ -'"■^'•"g gallon, and bone about 84 a pound Oi , ^vl' T , *" ''"'■''' ''«'''• '^l'«"t 34 cents a 12 feet 3 inches bone is as good as vou UV" "^"'^^ T''^' '''-"^ *" '"»« feet bone ^^.glit years ago which ma.Ie in one hS 3 100 n"' T 't^" ^" ''^« ^^^'^'^'"^ «even ;; us m the winter to get fresh deer mea ' WeCrthe r ""^'"^ "''""''^ *« '^""^ for will do anything for us they can. We meet diffe.tn. ? l!'' T^''^ g""^^ People ; they '^«'-t'iem tribe, who come from Pond's R.^ '''"^ "', ''"^'^'^ "' Repulse Bay. The The opinions I have g Z in the ak /e' T^' "! ^T''' '^^ *''« "^hers. ^ '" tainly those which I hold myself. ^^-^P'^""^^ ''^ ^he whaling captains ; they are cer- Bedford, 22nd December, 1897. THOMAS McKEXZIE. STATEME..,. OP CAPTATX K. B. P,S„K,, o. E.ST F.XMOriH. December 21st, 1897 lOD. except m two voyages— before 1 took ch.,rop it, • ,'•> ^'^'gularly since The practice is to sail from I^ew Bedfori'^iVwS i:r''lZZfM ^^^'^"g--els. - ISO or jiay to the middle ■,.1 « if--' ^■■1 il/.4/.V.V/;.4A'/>/'/.9/^^/.V^,^ ife from tl... inoi.fl, ,, *^ tv ^'"** ««i«on. 1874 mL f '^."'3' hikJ not i„t„ t|„, , it looks as t..o4h ;: h^ :;r:: ;;;:;^^ --'" -^i ^^1 ;; "V;;;:';^ -- - -^n-' »:""""»'•• i Imve .^e.^rln ' " f V"'""g'^ ^'i^^er Strait nortlnfn'^' P^'-luoko, goin. Warble I.iand toCa c' f; ^1' "'"''" ."''''"^^ '■'«- ' c" "' S*";!"' . ^^ the early" JVeloome to be dosed w^ri^,^'" '''^^ the bay and ther; d 'r'^ f ""T'' '^'''" can.e through Frozen .Strut T is ' ""' "^. '^''^^'' ' this wU f Fox V '"'" V'^^'" ^'"■ I'ave never atten.pted to .0 f.-i'' 1 '^,f'V"« '" "fter the VVelcoL " k r"'^'' "^^ tha, J'a^■e n;;;;^t "S .[''^ ''^'^ '^ -n;V E^j.^';? J't'' ^^ox Channel i. There is no n^^y^^l^r^ the Welcome in to Fox Cf IZf ""J""' ^"'"^ " ^"■•rent flows hoi^^ZTultxy"'''''' '"^ too strong-a five.? 7'*'' '^ '^'^'''•ng shi,, I haNo never bee fZU "f ^^'^■«'-' th« ebb .oi no-H %'' ,^'"?* "'"''•'^"t Tl . "ear the ThreeSi te ' T IT'' ^ ?^"^"»^"' thanXZu. we ''"""^«'"«--"th. the same in York |W V 'l '^'P"''*' ^'^^ '« ^^^^ - th whi ! T '"C"' *'^''^'-''' ^''^P*'- "-ed to be done ofF liinl i- f. ^"^ '" ''y Hudson St, Vt °"' ''"■'" Channel, and «i''tl.e niouth of L We " '°" ^"'^"^ '" ^ay. Tl ' .^o n ^""^r "-" '^ '^* "^ ^^hkli J the strait early en 'l ,"'""'' '" ^^^y 'V"d June 1\ f '^ V ^^^''^^ ^'haling be-n, ^ they cannot geVtlShZ"?"'^ "«' ^-ter in tl "fo 1,"''^^ ^•""' ^'' "' *'-"S -v--caught''botton? i;S. cod'orurr;'^ ^"-^"■' to l.egin ^Z^^^' ^"^ •^---' "> the ice. Salmon and mnt L ^''''"^. '" the strait or bay T I " *'"'"• ^ '"^^'^ «•• e>>ht whalin.. ve" el! r^ '7 -"'t from the natives Win "'''''"' t<>»"..y cods "Isabella," one o^ther 'r' ''"''" ''^'^t up north two i. .k"" '»>' '•^'collection siv Both thes; ve llf wie ell .""'? '''''^''^- ''Ao n^er'" t''' r''"'^ ^-"«" i". th.. S«i'; -ay in, one in J 1 tl e o,;" ' ''^ T "'P^ I'-th we ^ ^st iui T T '^ ■'^^*^-"-- Marble Island mrted Ih • '\°ther in August. The other x! ^ , '"'"^ ^^'S ^^'and on the A\'elcon.eo, reefs tT ■^'"'"■^ ""^' ^^^"t asho e and fchloH ' "'"'" ^««t-three a^ come, but not now- thi. 1 !t'- ^"^ "^^^^ to get some verv« they are also beiny leave the Welcome f^ !« u *''"'*^^ ^^^'-^--^ ago. J have alw7 ^^"^ T^'''^^^ i" the WeK takes a week to Jen rv^tn ^"T ^'■'"" *''^' ^th to he l^th of S ?"^f ^' '^ P'-'-^^tice to Straits ,,nd shane" S T'"'' ""* «^ "iidson Stra t t l P '«''- and it usualh I I'e 1st of July. -VV,, * "cli I have f,,itert,| f'"' li'th of July. , '" IhI/jiuJ ami S,i|,\. '^ «''«>••"• r„ all un two HeiworiN, Tiler., winds. On,, y,.,i,. [ ; »tl' of Au^ruHt, ,„„) ^"; '^•''' "f' .'uly an.l >•' not into tlu! I),i\ I pmctically full ,if tho hay the ice was e north side of tli,. ;i-ait ico above Bu' ""• The thiokness lysixfe,^. Abov,. y (icrps in extent hick ico is rafted ^ P'led up. Larg,. gs ubf)ve that hut ^ or Pox Channel. «• T -ravo Fi.slie,. 3 Pejiihioke, iroin^r ^fs- In the 'early '"'« is done from tlK' better. The '"ive known the Channel ice that liafi gone out. I '' H sailing .shiji. >t current. The ood comes .south e, Fisher's Cupe. ox Channel, and ii lot of whalini,' Whaling begin" fe'et in through 'V north because t'J'ie- I have 'I'll tommy cods i-ecol lection .six gw"g in, the viis a steaniei-. ^^>g Island on lost— three at )r three lost i-i went on a reef M one of the money everv are also beini,' 's in the Wei «• practice to md it usually irough FisheV ibout twenty file last time ally got out '^n to within //tr/>.vo.v/urA-.v/.A7>ym.voA-,,s..',r. m ihr iiiilos of Mansfield I.sland Tt ' • .nonaged to get through between the'lanlntndte ''''';'',''' T.""' *''•"•" ^""^ Channel I and It was about the IGth of Sentn,.,! ' ' '"^'' '"*' "'♦' ! I th of Sent ..I. -Hs thirty years ago. No.. „„t ct^lr two the '\"T .''''''^' ^""'^' ^^i"'"'' "P there • Z •>'• '"Pping in this ice Oir ll i 7 '^e -Davis .Strait ice. Never tlnrl ,r,n,i ep a good look out, as it is nowl ere s, ve,T ^^ 't f "^"f '■""^' ^*'""^''' ^"» '""''t -ways !' "H't^com.ng out of the strait is made i t J. ' 'f "''^^ ^'""""^'' ^^''ite pan ice von - throe i^f ilif t:;;;.;;; ;^rlin;;.^;r;v: f ;r^- ^ -">^' «-• ^- th-ee mon.. l'lSllKHll.:s. Lome and could take the wrectd '■ ew' ( n Tl '^"""''°"" ^*"'P^ ^''^^ would C bo , eeeded to sea to west, entered the ce beforn '''^.'"^'•"•"g '>f the 17th of Au 'ust Hsked tijen. if they had seen n y ot e7 v " > ''' k ^"^^ "''^'''^ ^ *''«y «'»d "No '^ r seamen he would relieve me f rWiJn! T P'^^^^'ons. He told me if thev wem Fn I ^veral weeks jammed in the straits nn fZ^ ^"'>'' f"'<^^'ious, having been fn t/ «hip which was a charterer' v-esserttashori^", ^""^^ ^^"^ford anothe,. Hudson's to turn back and waiter near the r >ce HO Unit I g„; ,„ V'"- I f(.Utul 8<'V.r,i| iinpl,.y,.«l to pilot ,„„ would Nl.ick, aii.l [ I oatiij-jM who \v..|„ I'^I'ukIh .spiiiny my ''• ^'''nry" of (|„s l)p<'H crusluuJ JM i,». 'ws Imd |,een scj,,,,.. >^' ' could find III,, I N'lil, keeping 'inl we .saved tlu^ louth-oast gale ai„| luT fast to the laiul ■isions for the .Ij Uffii.'ft, found that « provisions that en to proceed to would 1)0 boUMil f» of August pi„. rsiands, about no ii-e open water on 3 to the west until ■fie south-west ,,i •ked towards Ikm, 3r colours, when ' T got in o|i(.|i Prince Arthur Lowei' Sava:.'<'s / said "No/ I J seen the .ship d a shipwrecked ley were English kept along' ihe 'O more ice. It Island r fell in iani Tl, .jups..,,' been in tlu i, i> 'ed V itl. a litue 'w Head on thf the coast down >'«li- Theoth,.. ■ Hudson's Hav 'ff and went u> '>ynge, working' I of Septenibci .'ear before tlie iber, but when id after a vci y inter near the //u/jsox OA y Exj'je/j/Tiox at- mr .. h shore went to the oast and wh „ fre ot" No^ h V ' ""?'"« ''" "'^'"^ "'« pack ; saw but a few bergs until outside of Cane Th l "T") '" «"' ""* "*' '''« .low.. a.ul .saw the last of the pack " l" Ca,^ VlS ^^"^ "'«':• ^'""' ^ f"ll"-ed Ih.. land on . he 7th of OctolK,r, when dow.. o,, Hop^edl^ ""'^ *^"' '''*' '^^ ""' '"^ ^•'•^-' of Augu , ■ .sav so,ne scattered parice InSln ' T^'''''' ^'^ '^^'"'"^^ ^^ exploring that trip. I went up o SmVe W V '' "" "^ '"''' ^''••••'" '^'''"d. 1 was foM.ul son,o nauve.s ; took 1 e n L boaST sh ' '""'aT'^' ^" *" '^'"«''^ Cape, where T -'-' re were always wh le iZl back to TC t^''^'"'\'A &'^ -'-•" the nati^ es I M u :.ou.-. r cruised about there o^a monTh nt^ ' ''^"''' '' "*^^' °'^"«^ «P'-''"* RH.,ui,naux wanted to get baTa nd to" no H e^ "''' 1!",' "'^ ""'''"'' ' """'^ ''« ^l"" .'t tli'.t time of the vear-in ,1.;. fal o I "Vt T^ 7^-"^'" "P '^'•*'"t "^'"'S'^ Cape ^'f'-' locking over the Jountrv f w d^vJ . . T'.'* *," .^'"« ** <^"P^' '""^ "'y consort M.mrte.s at Spicers HaZur W^f oT ' T""! ^T^ '" ^''''^''- ^ ^^''^"^ to winter Xove.nber t./e Fox C .annel pacl^ wJlZ " 1^ ^•"' '^^ ''^^"^"'•' ^''" ^«^'' "^ could .see, a..d continued ?J w^h.ter^ernrt^h^^^^^ T' ""'' "'^ ^'"' ""^ ''' vou oast; had open water along esCe^n m!v' T'/'^''' '^*/''"^-^ ^'^'' "^''"'- locking for whales the nact w„. . '^ .In May a.ul hrst part of June, when [ was pack being HlacTand so^^e op " waTr ami ^' "^ ''"" /''" ""'"'^ «^' 'J"-'' ^1 ^ :;et into the bay. We go under w^ both r""" T" "" "'"^''''' ''^"^'^'1 ^o try a..,l -.king ice, we^attentptfd to go Sug^F^^^^^^^^^^ '"^^•"^^ 'r ""'^ -'^' vessel did ; so went a.-ound .So,.th,mTtn^ t . ! " • ^ '^"^ "°* ^^^'^'i '"' ^lie othe.^ •'"ly, when I got ou of the Scf 7^1 Sani'^^' continuing in the ice until the 2nd of ;'ot four whales. I wei^t un fhewfl ^ ^''P« ^«"^'«1 on Southampton Island, where T tl.o west sho,-e of t.e Welcome KndinT'o w£"l'^' ,''".' f '^''^«^'- ^'^«'- ^^^^ »-^^- ^o into Fox Channel ; was in "o fo. a week to .''' '''"'^'•^ *" t''^ ^'•^'=^*'" ^''^^'' '" ^"> not do it on accot^nt of \ce pack I return p?1 t ETT '" >° Y^ ^''"^""^'' b"t could the place, and went aromid^to Cun:berk,Sl . *° ^^''''' "'''^'''' ^"^'^ '^ '«o>^' '^t «u..e down to New GuZh.te . nf ^ ?°"''''v.' f"^ "^^^ «"^t'""« ^'''^'•e, and then Xove,nber, and s^^ no^rcomin^fie "" ''^ "'^^^ '^"^ ^^'^ '^'^ '^•"- ^^e 3rd oj .0. i!^^ wf^le'^^^^S'^fi^d'^t^'n^'^'^ ?? ';^"^" («^-« -"^- *ed t. •Sdine of siNison is Ml I . * 60 MAnnxn AND FISHElilBS. % iM Hu.lson Eav and P * V^i , '. ^'^"'^ "'^t get any further ,.! '''^ "^ ^"g"st worked get in to the land but had liven „^^"''" ««^gkiss" schooner which h^iin^" ^ ^ ''"' >.« fall. s%j„\t kT/jt'"" '«' - "-' h::? no iSjr-,?- »- »™ »i.Kl north-west on t™ 8 ), i, ,'*"f'"' "=»"'« »"' of strait o tie J.r f? '""°'; "" «»ininsouttl,rougl,tl";tr. 1 ?«''"'■■ "»""' "P «« the pa-k « '5 . °'""""''"'' II were g„i„^, „p to, H.„l,o„ Lr if ? J f';; "" "" '»""»» back ^ "■'" "lade tliree other trL J" ''°"*"}"0"s strong east ,vind would d.^! . '""""''^ '"^'^^^ ^he '>ut sent Cap ain C SL JoTi ' ^'^'^^''^ ^^«^*' mentioned "n/ss'. T 7. ""^^- ^ '''^^■'' «nd of June he wo! .'''''' "^^^ station in the " F, a ' Ir w'"", "°^ ^'^ 'nj-^^'f n'onth getting un to ^ ™^' .^ "'°"^'' ««' <>»'« <-''outh „. ,^ /^« '^^^t ^'^^e about tl,e but gofoffL^on, ''''''' "'"•'^°"- being in ice a 1 L^ ''• ' ''"'' ""^^ ""'^'''^'' ''I.aCel as"c el L^'^^' f^r'"^ Harb^our the end of T; '^^^^^^ ^^oved ashore «bore, oiFthe Wbon. 't^^''" '''''' ^"^'^ '^•''"^bed in the ice «h ?!''*'• "" ^"""d tl,e lost thei,. boats th!" , ^^'^ "''"" ''^•' ™^nageri to land tl eL t^^'enty-five miles off at New ot; iu t in tjtlf '"^'''^r^^ -"-^bt to^b;;-.;^--^^^ foot havin, icecomincr down i , ,^"''er, and could not get out nn . ^''^'^'l.^bathewascau-lit rough Fury and fl.-ei,, "neJ. Theie are Uno, seventy miles north of ne natives go fro„, t|,e aog teams in wint,.r discharging into Fox Southampton, di.tanf )th of August woikod ^P trying to get ini, icers Harbour; called ed along; aaw a few left fepicer's Harhou,. narro>.v channel into ^ound, a pack ofte,, te Bay 15th Septem- 'Owing d.nvn my last I'ore and shut me i,, ^•«ust 1880. When I had been tryinjr to larbour for my two )Uition on the iDth li BlufF but had no St bore north true ing of the 24th at 'one, my crew were from me since the ' til of September ■ liad not much ice ined whaling tliere »ack. off shore till I ^^ot would head in, ] Davis Straits ice, 3 driven up to Bij it would meet the up tliere. I have did not go myself ft here about the and was anothei' jot shoved ashore He found the nty-five miles off L-e on foot ha\ ing lat he was cau^'ht lie Djivis Straits i out the 7tli of 5re going to the I would find a id come out. 1 mier of iron. T ot been stroni,' is a very uncer- 'igate in July, I every montii. you do furtlier fncognita with ffUDSOX JU y EX /'EDITION Of mr. 61 thiit big glacier. I consider Octnlm sure to have the Fox Channel ice down'""^ "" '"''"*'' ^' y*'" ^'^ '" ^^^^^'ition almost Ihe strait never freezes over solid " among the islands ; natives' have winteTedT.^^Nn/!? '"T '' "'T'''^' moving-the same shore there in winter as it does off North iluff ^"""^S^^"" '^"^1 the ice sets off and on When 90 miles east of ^lesolution Isl' I " shot several and woun^.ed others. I saw -f bhr!!!!. ,' ^ T''" '"'"*'"« %?"''■ ^^^ -i" t^eeze on an inside ice is found thicker than this, i it fi^o, i raSn^ '' ' '" '" ^'''^ P'^'^'^" ^hen There would be no safptv fn,. . i i , 'atting. vessel would perhaps lift ': I Lve m^ de' wL'Iv'ih '"' ''"^ "'''" *^'« ^'^ "'PP^^, a light have wintered eleven winters inthe-Vrctr^'' '"^'°''* '" '"^^ ^'^^"'•^hern sLas, and the JL''"'"'^ '^^^^' *'^ ^^« °" ^^« -»^h 'shore is always working out unless held by I got becalmed once off Cane Best mrl T t j ^u Resolution Island is not all oneTsland iMs full Tfi f '"VT' ^'^ '"^ ''■^ht on shore. Get past Resolution Islan.l in c e/ir wate^ I' ! ''"'^ ''^" ^'^'^^ '^'''^ ^•^'"'^"g'^ ^t. vessel if you get caught in the ice nt Rl^^T.t LrrVJS '" '"" "" "•'^'^'- '^"'•'^ °^ y«- The above .statement having been read over to m^Japprove of and have signed. JOHN O. SPJCER. CONCrXSIONS AS TO THE NAVIGATION OF HUDSON STRAIT. .^tion^i^ S^IE ^S ';^:^t:Zt'lT''^ --"- «^ ^he con- the experiences and remarks of some of t^e rlv exnforet . .^''"•'^^" ''^''^''' ^i"' from a few of the most experienced whalinaT.m«1^ ,(,'''"' "'^ statements obtained 1" the bay, and have winte'red both ™ e-^h^r^':?;,;;':^, Sr '"f"' "1!'"^^°"^ ^'^^'^^^^ of the bay. It, therefore, only remains for nV^ tn I ^ ■'"'' '" ^^^ northern part elusions I have come to, both^l the esu fc ^f mv ow^' " '"-''^ '" P"''^^^'^'^' '»« !^«"- others I have referred to rejr-irdin^ fl Tj "^ " experiences and those of the In connection with the iournal of th^ll ,.' ™"1" '^'^cial purposes, photographs of .some of the co3 tls met Sh iTw' . t"' 'i""^"^* '' ^^'^'^ *« P'^-^nt ditticnlt to secure goorl views of cc el,, n. i V . ""flerstood that it is always weather; durin..mfst of the time XnTw^elsdr^^^^^^^^ «^ ''«ht ail -'>er rainy or foggy, so that it was not always ^^^1:^1^ ^::^:^::Z 1' 62 ^V.4A7.VA'..LV/>/.7.s7/A7.VA;y. «^<"iit vveimd trie, fn ^ ^" ^T'-" *« t'"' I'tnd Two i, . 'T''''^' '^''^'s withnnr '■"•luced us to put 111 II .^""^^ " •'^""•P look out for in L^' ^'T"^ '" '^'"•«>'^'li it fortunate uS no sud hI" '"'' "'' ^^"^'^' '''^t''^'- than bo'i'^ Z!?"'! 'l'"'''' ""-^^ 1"-" -•''•e fairly al,reL„rtL'TP?'""^^^^ 'tself, wo ken n'.^ . .! °'''- ^ «0"««i-' . first lead ie n e ' We foVnd tT "' ''" '''''''' '^"^ therifeadef t ! J'?' -P''^^ ""^^' - not know it at the tiVnp K ? '"^ ''*^ much gone abroad W !,''"P "^ ^''''""gi' tl,,. •"arlyinthefalloflSqfi Tl had been hurryin- tlils i.J T '. "'« ^^''*n s Kn "f Cape Chud e -d for th« - "^P^^^^^^ of the fishennen w L v • "j ^^""^hward sin,',, l-t of the Baffin' Bvt?^"''^"'' ""^ '"'"^ ^'^'''y^ ^^ tha umW „ ll "" "'''ghbourJu.,.! Captain Spicei was hoM I ."'' "•"' P'^'^ ^° ^he southward befn."'"*'''^. °°"^^"o"« thr November \R7() /^^^ I / """^ ^ay ico which Inrl ,.i^ ^-i^orcn foreland unt I ,. ^, Capt. 'Bu'd'dii^riX". C^rp/^^^r- Pa.e tSr ^" '""' «" ^'^^ ^^'^ -^ Capt. Clisby T; the -' F " °^ ^"S"«t, 1862. ' ^^'' ^''^" ''« ^-^^« «hut in l,v to the deJay, bu were ' u "^"^^ "?* ^*^'^'-- ^o thri 0^1?''''^^' '^^^' '"^^ oniv Just when we did uid nr^i ;,"""''"^">' ^"''^""''te in strikSlS V'^'' "" ^'""^ owin, of entering the ice ob", *''.!,««"^'tions above descrS^ T H ?""'' '" ^^'^ ^^'•'" to a suitably constrSS'^hrTd ''/'r f'''P "^ "" "« dange ll,!" /'' ^/' ^J^-" <»erce should ever l«> .-Ll !^ ■ . '''' "°' '^•^''evo that the 0^^;! . ""'^^' "^ ^ours. . "lo".^ the J.vbrISmwli£1 '" ''?">' •^'^- The ice we met vvfth '^."".^"'P ^'^'P °f ^on,- , Outside ;.t;d'S ieebr 0I Tr'' ^"f ^ ^^"«'r^^ " ^ ''' '''''' "'"' .-.«. second, growlers ; ^^^^l^^ ^^^^^l:::; ^ ;^^^o. -« Oreenla.. *'y rounded knob: Diana was forced it t'arly in June. Tl,. Iitfix at about the (U. ^o delayed on our ,,as '"«!' whic), we Inui t„ ^ t'uly on tlie 22n(i ,„ w the strait. Tho„..|, •''irlier date, yet [ i"|„ stni^r alon- tlie out,.,' st'vrral ,Jays with„i,t )etore we entered tl„. \'ils I>ut Jiad fou.i.l "P !"to it. At Can,, 'ttro.n tl,e,7, „„,^|, gradually luvuled ,.(r ^'■«w»nieei-htvinil,.. '1'""^''' 'lie /irat tMir '•"'f,' all th(> tini,. u,. ■o the southward at le strait say a week ler than we did ; i,, to force a way in a- ■'irj'ied to the sou'tli- "ur best chance of ween Nachvak and passnig ill through which might ha^, fore. I consid.T ''le pack until «,. lip iji through til,. icattered ; we did t the Baffin's Bav i southward sint'c lie iieighbourJio,,,! I'.y conditions tlir 'iifJdIe of August. h Foreland until 'iini on the 4th of Rescue Harbour ewas shut in bv Ballin's Bay kv ^885, and on I V t no time owini; ice to the strait onsider the ri>k ine and in Juh ' the 7th to tlic in it, yet theiv Jude, of COUKSr. ip ship of coni- tlie strait and theGi'eenlaiid tided knobs of 63 ice formed by the breakin" un nf l .l.:it de,scrii,ed by Captain^^i^.. as'Sist7n!TH"'"'"^''«'>^ ^ "''1 flo« -« nuchas l-'k they are not dangerou.s, but ad.ift bv U. ■ ^"'"^^^^ appearance. Jn the -I- bergs or Held i.-e; they < i it wa! ''' Si>'Zi5'r.'u "''"'"' ^'''"^^^^^ "'™" ' '" "" '^''■''■^ '•^^^'^- i;a.lin's'Lnd ^luring U.e'end'S'jS'lnd tZ '"'' "'"' '^•''■"««" Newfoundlan.i and tlM'SO have been broken up by the IcUon If 1 ^' " T "'■'^"'^">' f""'"' i" la.-e a ovwo the "Polaris" Jo lidfthe me.:^,^;;:;;./'''' -'--'''oe ^' ^'"^^ P'-" o hJ Mo vs that they were constantiv in du> f ,"" *'"' "■*^' "^'tei" l-'avin-^ the shin .Inttod to the south ; this ice, .^s " . 3 j ™" i I' "T-'?^'^ "'^ «^ ^''" P-« - t S .-s-derable extent, and did not seem Lve b so'; ?'^'"'"' ""^ ""^ •'^*'^«^ to an^ " ' ^^'.'"'f J.<'<^ '!"t consider that any g " , ' r^k ' Tf "'' '"^ T'^' P''««««'-e, so thta 'I'lenng It during line weather after the m 111 > f ^'? ''"" ''>' '* «»itable kssel in 1-H.th o the strait, this ice will be 1 v^ |e't: '"";• ^"''^''' '" ^^'« ««^«0«. o^ « M.k wou d be then much greater, .^s^,ecia ' ' .^^J'"''' "^ .'T' ""'•^'^^^'■•■^ble extent, the strait where the ti.les and ctn^re its Ve ,m L ! T'""'^ ^'!« i-ninodiate mouth of tl e ."H no deep ship would be safe. All f . „e^ vo m ^' *''''? ''""^^' '''^^^--y^ be dan...,- - between Resolutioo r. , '.'''SISS t'^^:!!^^^'^'"« '-«''^ -'ih;: i.. between Re^l^^ioir S^and t,'"r7°^''^«^- ";-« ^-d.! b^:^ ,St S .M.l.ng ships and at least one st > ei have 1 'l '"" ^''' '°''"' distance inside sevc^ri .""s and the Middle Savage Is 1:,.^: t!!" "1 '^>' ^f."^' "'PP^d between Xbu was f.ist in the pack with the " A ler/" In ? ''''""*^ *'"^ 'ocf^lity that Cant Go.vin II is quite likely'that had t^^, e " AI rt" tou"; [''« ^•'^^'>'^»»« ^nd the 6th Ju^y in 18^' ;.ced out of the pack, and i..ve made ^n'e" ly'r" 'T f"'' ^''^ '"'^'^^ ^-«l- (.ordon has been blamed for not conti ir h'^ ^ ^^ ^"'"•^''^^ "P 'be strait. Capt '.■turning to St. John's to repair, but n'on^ but' .7^^ ""V^"'' occasion, insteSf into heavy ice without .some iron covering Jr^i V ^«°L-""ld think of driving a shii Sq.tember we saw in dock there one of" Z 'r""' ^'"'« -« ^^''^ i" St. Si's -..ages caused by the lo.ss of he • "on s em pE "^rh '"""^", "'"'•""-"»- -P^*" f- m the ice off St. John's in April • in trvZ, f\ ^^'^ ''^''^' '"'''"''^ '^^^ay he- plate s;-i bad been worn completefy thr'ug .' "4 thf nT'^*'!? '^^'T ''•""' ^'^ -« ^^^ ^ .e stem had been eaten into ; a sort of ury "tern had f * '' ^ ''V*'^'"^' -'"*^J' l>»tt on 1 "dder up and down the bow. The ship wL in f\, ''''" "^-^'^ '^^ ■'^«''"'i"g the spare and only a short distance from port ZiraTt . '°"'^t."^ «^" "^'>«'- ^^'^li'ig steamers > te attempt to save her; in spite of aUtlfsV «'•«-, «°"ld afford to run great risks n ;b." was saved. In the case'of the <■ A^ "r"^ Tf *'- .-eatest^xertion 1 1 U tt; limed by the stern far from port, and afone w tTn^o no . T f'""^' ^'" ^'^^^'^ "«t be uould have been madness to have attemntri f' t Possible chance of a.ssistance it ot Hudson Strait, and continued the voTJ'e in her e^ ' r^'^^^ ^'''■«"«^> ^'- J-^; 'i. Ihere can be no doubt that even wit rJJ^r.L'PP'^'^ condition. ^ not to get fast in the ice in the nioul ^ h^ ttit 1^/""''' "T'^' ^•'^^^•^'-"'•^ b« taken i'cavy ,ce is rafting and piling up in pressure r?dl/ T'' '^'"'^^"'^^ ^"^ide, as where constructed, thtit will not rise%vLn ^ed^^o^fte " V^ "" '"'^"^ '"'^^ ^^''^^gly We were extremely fortunate in the "TV » !^ ^"'' '' moment. " "^ strait as easily as we did there w,..i. ^"'"a," on the 22nd of June to enter tl westward from Besolut on iSlnd but tTItV""^. 1 ''' ''' ^'"^ '---tl' of ^s extend' water, it was wheeling down Zt.tLZourff^^'T '^'' ^•'"^'^^'■" «dg« oi l^ToZ doubt that had we been making tet„,7ptsai?'"''' ^'^ ^^ passed, and I have' . had some delay in gettin- thromrTh^- ^ F " ^"^ «'' two later we micht h/v ■steamed during^he night iTf t he grf of J^ anr,"^ '' '^ '"^'^^'^^ -^ "£ \v : lies into the strait, up to the Micldle SWa^eTi "d !" '""''"''^g "^ the 23rd some ]2(. tlie very track where most voyagers ImveioLliT ' ?"^P*»'**tively open water, over I 64 '^'■^'!iy£: AXl) FISHEHIBS. powerful ship, her power i, '^'^«^'«'^s on the 2ncl June The .< A / " " ^'''""'. All fl,-. ; ' "'"' '^o curry freiiyhf .,f -VII tlie ice we .saw in tl f •*■ ^'t^if,nr at -I lie l)iirri(»r of i i • i v-'ficiniie) I Lave fully 3rake if p,"' ii, u ^"'^ V' ^"^ ''''' ;-«■ i think ^eCuH hl^;";' ^'T ^'"J; -"'•' ->* '-v^e > °:f ,r: ^^^ ^he bly . to the nortK.ore on t le ? T"^' '''''^ authorities «ene^". ,?'' '^'""'I .^'^<^"««" ' !- be all very -ve with r ""'' f^'"'^'^'^-^ "» *ie«^"nt of the favn . ^ '"^""^^^' ^^^'^l^-i";' favourable ^^ ^!^ '>" ;*^«^'*',^' '>»t the ca.se is ,uL littt-eT 'h'"'"'''^"'^ *^>^ '"'^^ '^u.-rents and eddies r? T''^' P'^''*^^ '»'« '^' ' o^ L n „ i ' '' f 'T''''' ' ^'''^ mnrp w "\^"' •P'' are much stronger on fli„f u '^ Isluni shore' f I, . zi Sr!.^.?°-^"-^--uKifou,Hi'si;;;;h^^:ii;"!;L->*^.-^^^ - .ur^r^bt mnrc IV --;••■ .». <= iiiucil Stronger nil fl,„<. u "'« i«'an(i '"■twee.,. "" ""' ""' "'^■V' It in strings witi, „co tTJ ^ ""' " ''"■"I i'roM. the -Mrf ,.f , '""P™ »■>""■ or loose p»toh™ "lightly, the «t,„it ,. ''hiick":,lL', " ',"' °' ■'"'■''• »'»" 'I'- ice be.,,„ t„ , no «hipo„„,/,r'-t.;;-'h«t which ™ no ship could have penetrated n! V^ ^"ame fron. Pox Channel y l.«ht, close, h,.a,hy ice, ,,„. „„„„,, uJ';''.i:";:;,,T':,J--"«ni, while no doul,r, li beaches or biuffi. i«tanco on a doso ups of water on the e, specimens of this lie scientific ottiiei. carried as far west ly bprgs found i,, ■« »n H'ox Channel, 'Millie, and whiih entirely of insid,. ice pack, and tlie :"e westward. | is easy to be wis,. a record passage, ■lit and extent "of ivinced that had had a change of id into the bay a gliiy used as she ^re between tlu- advised stickin;^ Lirrent; this may a steamer ; this ml shore; th.' > surges about liiig the south 'lly not a disad )r loose patches 1 to go abroad '6 o\er to Cape B westward, a in rafted pans -was generally ough this jam arge and niore ►■e made more the jam was IIUDSOX UA r EXPEDITION OF 1S97. mostly made up, the "Diana," owing to h.. J, ^• here to what is^knownts^ the'" T'^ ""' '« '^""^^ hert be ca " It iT 1 T'^^^ .lescribed by Captain Gordon « l -^"'^''^ *™'"r «hip, but to sue h '?' """''*^ •r...<. to ti,« loth of jZ on\z r,* ""■ '" "'• "»""•"" ™» i.rf™„ t -'rr" (-nee o ice must have remarked that when it U ■ , ^">' *^"« Ji'^ving any exoe. i mtl. the change of Sit ope "Xr' Th'"'"''?'' """ -'''«'" "u' ™^- ""> '""* «' "isht, became warm a,S Lt . r"""'' "'"* 1"«1 li«" raw „d " i '™™""" °""f of ice I„„i .iinpy di,;2e,' T '" 'f "'»» " ™k «» b^Ik of tl i -I ox, referring to the tides in Beliot's Sfn / ^ ^fcChntock, in his voyage of thl HI Greenland, the night tides are much h 'JJ^ *''' ^"'^ "^ Boothia, s^ays_<. a! «lic,,ever met wTtI, t/^ ,""'' "■''' '■""•<> »«"'. and can be ,t n " ■ " ""^ ol«imed tl,M . T dc ,c? ;L: " '"■^, ' '""■'■"'"'ed M KerBedford ail^, ^"""f '*ed R«S who had wintered in b£, S^''^"" i'""" '"""Sh »<> offer to wriTeT, fi' "T1,a?e""' n^'- '>— on - f^iwl"'' ""'"" "nsiderable exploratio^: 'tte":.' te.- i«o™„C„"'7„,fwmi:' '"'■'■ ""'"^ 'l.at the idea of the New fcif H si:i^:^c?--!5£M«:^lt^il^;s ;L:d-;;:;t:^!;^;-i'^^^^^^^ i'ond's InLV K,' f • * -E^juimaux entirely trustworth v T , ' '^"'^'°^'- ^ also (H.nsider m-5 "' '' ''" ""' ""=* "■« E;„i„,'„:r:ip, use ^vt^T^ S !| il 'Til 66 MA fCI.YE AXD FiSHtiniKS. Under tliese circurnstanoeH and im V^l.v t, ,^ irregular currents " pre t,. ell exannned by ^U^::^::il^''J:^^''f ""T ^^^ ^^^ ^« ''-« been tha '" r ■'^?"^''-^*'^'^ter]y o,- westerly directfo" TtP T'"!'' ''''" '"^P"''*'''^ ''"nning o " that no such channel exists. The tide w uVV ?' ' ! " ' '* '"^^^ »^« t^ken for erantn "orth-eust was undoubtedly tha sweepin t fT"'!] ^^''''' ^"""^ setting rfm I Hecla Straits. With stroL easter7v w "f ?"] ^ '^ westward through FuT a ' "nd'coS" ""t \''^''' -'^ «oult;tt ' 3r ti^e ''' f^^ ^hannef ice islit- Hnd Coatcs U balers coming out from H,i w i ^" ^°^^" towards Mansfiel been forced t" go round south^fCoate",'''^,,^^'''"^^^^^ ' """"P'-'aW it never varied, Ind wi rent, .„ .ron, and nneertain, and T^^f.^-^^^^ 1 1 "£, J„- f water connection in the natives of Pond's desin Fox CliannH er that Fox Channel ep on the west and currents." seem to have been jported running out 'e taken for granted a setting from the through Fury and liannel ice is driven towards Mansfield er have frequently and Evan's Straits itina" leaving the Jer, found Fisher's IfUDSON BA Y EXPEDITION OF 1897. our first regular n snow continued temher in a thici.- vas then a couple eigh on the 20tli erywhere thicklv i-entered Hudsoii less snow all the strait until the when not actu rom the shore or turned out to be can imagine no s^ee any further n rising oti" the condition which '. Capt. Coates may call it, it !!• the middle of worthless from 3f Sir Williiim )iana," gave us varied, and we :en fog, was to 'ait the lead is nhoime we got 2ks. The cur frequently out <7 in our dead reckoning. Thp«A ^r^^A-*.- clays, the difficulty in ^ZoS^l'^.^^a"' -''^^ ^^^ further fact of the short ^;''«V«»dogetaglimpseof It wSallonv' ""I •'"u«'"« accurately the d.stanco o wmd sh.fting suddenly from oL ,ua er to Ihe ot^*^ '"7' '^'^^ 'he^onstant galea strait dunng the month of October eitremelfdffie,?!.^^^^ '^« navigation of%he There can be no que.stion thf.f ^^""'"^'y "™cult and hazardous. and once the strait be1.a,no^ ea afTer ThT ^7,?'''^ ^•'^'' ^" »«» ually open season Stupar" IxS^ I, Z SSS"! Z:CT '^^•"^- ^^- -^-"ed to Mr "I dose 1 ' ^" ^"''' ™' "^ tolTows ! '• ^^'" ^'""'P'-^'i^on with those made in board ^'^^Llr^^^^ observations taken on he records you bad very few gis indeed ' Jn l' ^?''\"^ ^''^ ^^'"J^' AccS Sing to Captain Gordon in fixing tLdate for'tiZ? ^' 'T'^ *''^^ ^ absolutely a^ree with ccnmercal purposes, by suitable vesse, affr^ f "-'f^^^o^ in Hudson StraitS S..-- W to be £ W^^:rri=^ -"^^^a^ im^-KS; ^vould nTSr icTKtVr'toVrrh^" ^^^^ ^^^^'^ '« *^'« '^'^^ of October ^ I Heason the block would n^t L '"' ''°^*^^'^'-' ^'^^^ ^« ^vesterirwiS nrev.?/^';.'' :5ric^ht:'T-rr^^ t^ A-^'^ '^^otr.£:; been good snowshoeing for ten dkv ™TheT" '^ 'T*'"-" '^'^ ^-owshoes an7;here Sa' 'ngly observant and intelligent man who hS "^""'j' ^" ^^^ '^^^'o'' ^nd anSed recent years has been settled at Chu.vh.MI "^^^S^^^d the strait since 1864 S of ^sr^rsi" 7;"« "•' "'- *« s s-"w'^;s7e«;:"^•- ^heeling m of the Davis Strait ice Onth^Zl! T""^^' "f Frobisher Bay by the On the I7th of <)pt„lw t^ri n> ■ c. — »r wie 1^1 • J ,^' J I MARIXE A.XD FISH Ell IMS. w 1:11 ^^^^^^H ^H-' \ -, e- ^^^^H ^^^^^^1 "■r this ocSn. ^Se'" oil '^'■''Ji''^^'*^'"*^^^^^^ . • • gained. LadJ p^Sfnr ,""'"■ ^ "•"•'^ «"'-P"«J at th» T ■ i^. ' ''T""' Fr>.bi,s„T loomed ud as T hn^i « rooisiier Bay and FinlH R„ i • . ^ "' ''^"^ "'e islands mstrumen. along d„Jr .id S" /.' "1 ""= «"«! »i'l' ' h^vvl" ■ ""i''" '""<"' I ' • it was I first be^ran to rir 7^^««to"nded at the eflfeSit ntw 'V^ ^™ '^'^ ''""thful the year would be f h, t i ■ , """' '""her that to tak. Vl, , ^«°*«>- »mfe,- l.e.itnte to do it {J,l "'' '""s'" "f fMlhardine" I^ ,h ''".'^'■, "' *« «ea«on of But no* evervthin' ff """'"' "'•Vl'Sht and warn ,h ■'"'"» "'" "haler, do no Henry. (ZZa'X^S'"^ "''i '""! '''■* "^8^" a*«Z*'ur"'7i» '"'P"" , Capt. ^hat,"S«ror^*;deT" - very^ptfu,"!.' "'■"«- "° '>'»*■ The eirec't -r,r„i,-oS--i-K.^^^^^^^^^^ That is to say, Caot S,S.f t '^"^ *^- "« lighted lid; Fr .IP t 1 ®'!:'''' ^"^ had to '«outh of Hudson slar^o/^ ^"^ «°"'h' ^etwefn CSr S'"^ °" ^'' '°^'^-- for the north of Scotland l?'^f ^"^"''^ ^'« ^«»'d shape his ^onl"""'' ^^"^^ '^"^ the ^hore. This pack musth; ^l^'^^'-^y ^^nds had prevailed an^T ""T' ^^^ ^tlanti,. strait on the Vhh Zn r ^^^"^ ^^^ down on the T nh. J^ \"'' P^^'^ ^^s blown off fo.%m ^:^::; t\f ^;;-d heS l^oSo - -'^'^ - -- out of^h! mouth of Hudson Qfi^ -1^ ! ■ S'^'^Phically described hv Ho i • Island, ^nd:tZl2'7r\ I only 'separa ted fro^ FrobShrt^ "l""' -''-« *he It moves on and off sfcl'^ ^^'^^^'' ^^^--^ *« the Trth eas n . 7> R^'solution ice, into which Ft wo M^Ibe Mfe tT."'- t ^^--ibed 'rK^ 't,^^,^^--^-nd]a„d. safe to put a loaded ship duringte nd o oTtC^^'' ^sing in of the ice f,„ for New Bedford vas sufficient to repay iv,s Strait, Frobisl.er |t we had evidently ■ay, and the islands visited last winter rom them, showi,,. bservation. I t\v^^ seven miles, I th,.,, I swept with tlui ; no black wutfr ■ >hevikoo to look at 'ou see much ic(> f ged look before I c rock peering om very rough; much' if I had seen any ive him as truthful upon him. Then .. the momentous m that I not only ootodothesamt^ Another winter at this season of 'e whalers do not tlier is expected nd the "George ' such a vessel as 1 Buddington is have been our 'e days) I should ' at the first fair 's?_ In the pack 3n m, the ice in 'r Captain Bud- he pack. They :ing to get out IS all ice. The 'k.' Theeffeer, 3Und returnini,' 't Cumberland d for Dundee , ait and had to on his course. pack and the s the Atlantic was blown oif me out of th.^ fht across the 'y Resolution ewfoundland. ■^'y pinnacled October. ffi'DSOy BA Y EXPEDITlOy OF mr. The steamer "Virginia TnL-^ » ^ In the end of the month it was down nn It If ."^ J"«t "orth of Belle Isle ■ north-eastern ports. "^ ^"^^" ^"^ the Isewfouncliand shore bJockk,. all the c■o^ered the ocean as far as the eye Suld /er.? ^'^*'i" '^'™^<^ "^ Belie IsL) an™it .langerous nature. '^" ''"'^^ ««« beyond Belle Isle-real heavy Lof a Un January the ''Gth ISOS f! u t j ■ a at that post has raised to-day; fre^fn^ tt"''n™i'rr^« ^^P^'"'^- " the ice blockade ou ward bound, also permitting the Allan's '^'''"^ ,^^'^'^« '^"^ 'Portia,' which were f'ulmg ve.ssels, hawever, ventured out Ken TT''''''" '° «"ter the harCr No abled st/ap tt"slgtS/t'Spt S""-^/^'' ^« ^'^^ ^-emen, <• Another dis gnUmm.' She is the SS. ' Add ^0^0^^^ "l ''!,"°°" ^'^^^''^^ "^ *«- of^ leriinu altnoutrh ffoinw nf ,.oA. j -^ i"*u man usual was striipt Ti,« • -.esmashedln.^-e'^ialrbr^^^^^^^^ wore cnished, while the port bow Z ttai loZ "?^ TV""'' '^«'«- ^^e wate^Hne at once bore up for this port, as it was feared ' ^»" "'"*^' '""^'^'^^ o^" sTe This pack has, therefore to £' . ' r^^"" ''°"*'' «f Cape Mercy ^ Strait durLg the eJTf S^ l7f^^^^^^^^ ^y every or?L conii^^- out of Hudson STirtt"^ °y^ •'^-"' '^« ---g" of Octler"the7o"th ?f ^ " *'^ ^^'^ OctolS"' ": i-^betr Ir.'^f Jbt^- P--d .c'o«eTo tt 'p'afk IthouTs^eirir T^ ^f^'^^' Deeembe. Oive^ p'^^,- ^l''^ ^-^ ^tt^- S^the ilsTli^-J itre if "'"""^ '^^ ^^"^-'^ StVait on t e "s of N^'-^T' *"""""^«' '^ 'I.e extr^e '^ tl'""'" l'^^"^ -"'--ted I^onsilr theTot^rof O . ^ miiin^..o ■ ^**e navigatbn in the fn 11 T„ iV '^"^ -^^th of October as " S " fT ''' ^ '^-^^"•'^^d Capt. Gordon of timiditv h""'^' ^r^' '^"^ experienced -»M»%r3*.5SSS T^AUT TV. WllHIN OUR TERRITORIAL LIMITS. I was instructed to cruise thron.rh M i rurposes etc but owing to tho length ortZ ul'TT'"'"' "''■ ""P^^'^^^'^^^ for fashing strait, n the first instance, and in makin" a eHc^ f u^" "P '? ^^"'"g t»"-o"g'> thS myself as to.ts navigability and having tl.rtr-'olwnM'T.^'^rs'' '" ^"">' «''tisty tor coa , and make a trip north into cL Sancf S .T " '''^'"''^'"' ''""'' *° ^'^^''^'^k which trade IS carriecl on by aliens, the^v o^wa^^^^^^ to >n,,„, i„^„ ^j^^ ^^^^^^ any attempt to test the waters for fish When e di ^ "> T^"''^ ^'^"'^ ' '"^^^^ ""^^e on extremely rough weather, the roughest we hadovn " f'^ ''"«™P' ^« happened hat I am not prepared to speak ver/po t velt as to^Hr'flT^ ''"'' 'f'^^^'S Halifax, so i%. In Hudson Strait th^ current!, are t.^ Uo .1 „n 1 .K "^' Po.s«ibilities in Hudson expect any bottom fishing for cod and halibut Tt^v;II . ''^''"' '"'^ ''"''P '^"^' ^"^^ to the question of fisheries by taking up the vaSus fLl^^l^anS Z^uZT^:^.^: ''''''' SEALS. ^e^X Z'-zr T&S'^:;r 'ir'-"^" rr f ^"« ^^^-'- ^^ ^^nua^ P .ce in March and Ap.il off the north" as't oZ' of^N '7^" .7^'? ^^P""« '^"^ ^akS young seals can look out for then.selves and the i?! f °^:^"""^"r''' ""^ '^^ ''^^^ '« ^he solve the northerly migration sets in. Very few { nn °"'p lu '°°'^'"' '''''''' '""' ^i- >Strait or Bay. They pass north aionir the £, r' ^ ^' i *^^'« '«'^'« ^nter Hudson tered indefinitely throughout th b^;.? , nd Sv s"ini 7 .f ^'^"'l'^ ^""^ '^^^ «'« «-" that any profitable hunt for seals cLi be T, rie n f"- ""'' ' ^ ^« "«* ''•^"sider '"^;^>g;.*iP°,^"y^here in the north. The seals a^^l?, cluring the opening season of and difficult to approach ; in fact, no one but InvT'^- ■ ^ '^^ '^''^ «^tremely shy any chance of getting near enough to spear or ha non^ .T'^""^ 'VV' ^'>"*^'^ ^^«"Jd stand charge of shot or ball they sink before vonM? T' " '^'"«' ""t^ght with a able seal hunt can be made is by the Jthor ^ ' I'T ^'j"'"- ^he only way a profi * and off the Newfoundland coasTin M^reh ^nd Am-i °r> '" '''' ^"'^ ^'^ «^- ''^^-^^--- hat at other times these mammals betake themstlve'trthe V' ' ''\' P''^'^'^" "^ "^^ure and difficult of approach as to be practically safe V.I I ""'"'^ ''"'^ ^''^ '"^ ^^^^'^"ered Mrait or Bay. We saw a few old Lua, l f L :u^'' *"'"*' ""'^ ""'"erous in Hud.son the strait. These seals were a?mo aTll Se? "" ^' ''%"''^" "^ ^''^^^ P''«««d through seals, an* these only along the sTo e. I KoTthinkTh JV^t '"^ "^^^^ "^^^y ^e- of th« «f.ro,f f. .„.•- :_ .,^ . •'■ ■^. f^o not think that the bvy seal, ever pass out ofthestrait^joh^in^— -.^:^S' numerous in Fnv nu„ 1 ... t, , '■* '"""^"on. Th( , , .' U.V.I jjaoo UUO Whalers say that seals are not --- ^ j„.„ „, ^„p souuieriv mi^rat numerous in Pox Channel or Roe's Welcome Ar.ef t ——- -.r -mt seais are not a.e square flippers; these the nativerseem to loot on °/ ^'" ^^^'^ ^^^"^d in the Welcome 'he seal. ^"""^ ^o look on as a cross between the walrus and Ins food. A little he.t a^d 4u iXlltdT ",f l''"' '"'!', " "» "«»'™ "' »»«"«' piece ot seal fat, the whole betas held , "l^iol ^f '"^ Vu'' "' *'»<' ">°» '"^ S l.mp „.„,pe„ded. small atone MtclpaMerfhoLil""'; *.* ' °.™'' *" """» «« *i3 » .he ..■„ ...shes *eWe»:tt;ei,f«,nt:iLrdt:y„-:Lv:o'i u ■ m m .a ^^liiyiS AXn FtSUlCHm. ' , "" '» i»e only },o,ul onv.x,.;. -""is H(„xi i »-le of seal .kinil-t, .iin*;:;.:' .T '^, "'?"' ^^'^h the ^i'tl "m":" ^^'^'' '''" ''-'• "'<' clothi.i;,, is done l.v tu ^'"'' "'"'"k of tlio deer Tli .. " ^^'"*' '"'« genemllv '<-''; 'wwhS the th „^ : ^d r;; n' ^ ^'"'^ «'•« ■"-* «xpo./j ^h r "'"?? ''°^'' "^ ^^-l sliown )v fli.i p, "" "f^f'i" or bear lil-;.. z^., ""•^'""gor teenee .Sln^r,; WALRUS. The walrus i;i,„ .^i. wei-o fl bones hovvevi the seals on tlie ice. We sau- C-r^'V'"" '"""^''' "" o^M one is or-pT""'" ,. ^"''^ '*''« «o^v «>derable schools were n.et w tJ ?^ f' ? ^'"^ «*''"t "n 1 OctX: f ^' *"""^' '""«"^' a'e Inn.tedbv the native. ffP""''"'^ Harbour am 1 r, ''''''" ««veral con^ considered as'goo,] ' , 't, """•""«'' ""^ ^ut -iZti^aTi^r'^J^'Sf^es. TU^y l^ovy Pn^portionaterthe t b.r'\'"'"'"'^'^^^'^ ""yt''ing Hko the ' r'"^' /^' ''" «'»«"«'• to k.I), though a single natTvr; 7' ''"' "°«^ '^« '""^h fat a the ! 'Vu''"*^ '^^^'^P'^'wit not hesitate to attack tC T. ' ^^''^'^ ''"^ '^''"'•^d only J^ ^ at ^^'T "'« ^'^^^It for some time J,e held us 111 ^t ^^^ '^°^^« ""t with arms h ^''''^ ''"^^^^ed the -ore often he followed theL.>h '" '"? '"^'"^^^ ^ inf^V";; J^P^^^.s axes, gaffs, etc., have beaten hi,n ,vith p iw' A '^' 7'''^''^ ^'"^ O'^rs overll L H P**"'" «^ ••^«. <>'' ""jr '[' tl.« kneo of ,|,„ ;;» "'" seal will, ,1,., "'•"'«'f''''<.r.ler.sun,| • •• wuin,.|, w,.,i,. v,.,.v ' woni with the liaiV ^''"•>o„.s ki,„/H, b..,l,|s ';'"">• ''tl""' simil,,; "'e jackets „f hoti, <"'<'u«h to cover tl.,. l>fi largo enough t„ years old, when it i. ' jorn with tlu, hai, JVIitts aro generally ^«""ff, both of bouis nferllo, wliioh then ,"■ They use sinew *^""e. In nuikin. sewing it; H littir ^' '"s. Thokyacks "KIDS without the- ; teepee. Sleepi,,,, ty "nd patience is '• ioixl for himself '•'III- hole wutchin.r 'ezing. " >n the fall ; they lently seen theiV Tliey are now "'y *ouncl ainon.' ''«" several coi" i l->igges. They th«««gJ. it is no't e boots, but its Ne It is dressed '■y of the tusk i,s II ivoiy. JSTear forthemanufac- ■to its smaller 'ilue as elephant ey are difficult "d haipoon will ct and caution, i either try to the gunwale, ided from the at hiui. He fittacked the J^es, gaffs, etc, ans of ice, or might as well tune, the men of the battle, inly tried to whether the //t'moA'z*.,,y^.vm.///o.vo/.',w. daniHgn was not caused by sonin nn„ i ^»• .«.s and gaff, were lm.kerTLa.'''r ?'"''«"'' ''> the wrong direction Ml ». .si...piy doubled up with each tlu^^r^u I! .:'''. '"""i '"""-' '-' trsofrir,..;'!^ "V''" ''*''^^''" ^" •'""*" P'l'H of ice and I > ! 1 """'"' '"""" "*" f'" "H'n had «„t ?,ufc other and the walrus w,ls KKting"! ,, '\r'''r '''""■"'•'^' ^'■" " th^.n. an.l In ,3 tlH^y renuu»al.,ut isolate,! r,K.ks or tlarulsor^^ VValrus are not found far off hore numerous m Fox Channel or tliH \V. ' "'"'"'" '""ccessiblo cliffs Thev .ulT/ lheyaroson;etimes killed in enn«i,i i '^"'^t ATain. •'^ i-d Sound, as they are going iortltl.'e "";;''"" "'' *'"'' ^^«« '>^ ^'^ i°« - Cun.ber- '.herw.se not n.any aro taken^ The 'sk7n J.. "^^'^««.""«''«ed in the spring wha" g!l whaling station ; it is worth from he t ' '"'*"' '" '"'*' ^" th<' agent of the „pZT7 "xed v.th the whale oil and sold as such Tl.?/ "' " ^"" "^ ""• this is usuallv " '\"'ther retained by the natives o wn-l ''^ " "*^*^ ««'d to any .^reat extenf curving into ornaments. *" "'^'•^ "I' ">to spears or lance.s, or u^se"! I^ca'^:!,: ;;;^.i S^ cone, all they can, the natives about ..Europe tor sale. The number of wiIIZZTJ ''"^ f'''"''"*'^^ ''^ their work is sent I .u not consider that the walrus w Srrn:%"''/f ""'!' ''-^'"^'K'e'^tly dec eateS ; I t'hev'sl "{/"" 'V'-'^ '^'^"-^""t now and S on^Th''""'""^""' **"'''« -'th of m, tJ.ey should soon be as plenty as ever wo r.w ^ ,^^'' ""^'^'«'^ hunting them for t^were then returning south for the win er O. r^'r'T"^/" ^''« ^^''"'^ '" <^'^tobe" to be soon exterminated. "^^'' ^» the Labrador shore they are likely WHITE WHALE. An extensive fishery nvptJ i-^ u„ • • Company for the white whai?notablv'a't"rT "" "' T''"'^ P«i"ts by the Hudson's Bav Ik : st"'-r •"^^"'^' vaiu'eTan'irh^s^r; '"'t'^' ."-''*'> ^ tiL was whe:;?.'':^ '■ken to provide meat for the dogs in winter m ^-l • . "" P?'^"'' ^''"« they are only .no commercial value. The fishe ? iTal ways^r ;-l" '* ""'^ "''' ^^"^'"^ '''^^^ '^t « • e ngged out to buoys and anchors^Vom ceSin flT ""^ '" ■" "^^'' ' ^°"^ h^^vy ne s i whales come up with the rising tidTat ht^ i^M '' P"'"''" '^'^««« ^«ts ar/sunk u certain number of the whales aie barred off n '' ""'' *"'« ''"^^d and set out and <;>• kyacks and despatch them with ^u is Id I "I^*"'" '^'« '^""ters go out in bo "t ' "nnerly killed in the rivers at t le h^ead of Cumir I L^T."^ '"'^"^ ^^^ite whales were I.e whaling voyage to Baffin's Baror Lane i er i 'l H"'^ '' ^^' ^^'^ custom, i the or the whaler to call in at Cumber a^idG.^Sn, .^°""^' ^'^d not been a profitable one ;;nks with the oil of the white Se It „ uallv'J T ^'"'' *^"^^ "' P^^'^^ble fill p^i" 1 his is now no longer done, and the white wh^ es^« ^^ ''^^"' ,f ^'^'^ *" ^^^'d a ton of o he hshery at Ungava was a "ooT ZT ^""^ practically undisturbed In 1«" 7 however, taken entirely f^r Ig foid A^few 7'' -h!^'«^^-i4 captured. They we.l they use the flesh and blubber for food \^^\":'^ f^^fonMy killed by the Esquhnlul white whale goes offshore into the llnticdurin"'* .^^ •''' ^^'^ ^'"^'^ ^^^ trS The' ^th^^r^'b' Y' '^^^^^"-' ^^- Ch-n itSe "Jd"r'"' Tr""' intoHudt:: he . • ""^^ "P- I^"""g the summer s^ison hi ^^"'^be'-land Gulfs as soon NARAVHALS. 111 li s !.■* I'n m i.ifi ^I'i 74 JUAIi/.Ve AND FISHEmES. WIIALKS, strait and in SenopehC^^^^ u^"^' '' ^-^• bay usually wintered at M. ^kT'S°/ *''" ^^^^ ''^"d Welcome Vh, "'^"*^ «f Hudson ofthe Welcome 1? iu''^^^^^^"^' Whale Point o?.; J^*'^ /'«s«els entering th. Ja^t twenty years the whale fisherf ht? '"^ ^^''^'" (^«^^-- 4 V.t. n ''°'"''^^'" about 1858, at oresenf ^* 11 It -^ "^® ^'^^^ steadily failing • «+ j^ 7' lowing the and these a;rnraWs o t' ^%l ^'r^^""'^ «««'• onlVS^mlir"; -r ^''' '"^^'•^^""^'i I know only the SS <^^p "*' ^'^^ ^""^ee fleet haf alsL !S if i'"? ''^"^^^s remain failure andfon her retunfT '^^"^ " '"^''^^^ ^-" -haliigirisTr"^ R '"'^^'^ *« ^- "^ owners, was offered fo,!! '^'^^0"^ with the "Terra Nov." . i ^^yage was a been built for tme feLrTand .ttr"^ "'^^'^'■•^' -*h-:aiS;\es: K"^^ *^« «-- become worn out or are Wi-i:^ ^''''^'"S vessels which are fiff "*««'»e'-s. have has had a small sailing hf' '^ ""'^ "°* ^^^^"g replaced The \t,' ''- °'''''' ^«'-^' do not return to thr^ff ZT r^' "' '^'« ^^'"^er. They pSn f/'"^ ^^^^^^ ^he Innuit, as thiy pStA?'"^:"* *e native, to do alTrt; 4,1 i'h' "?-"""««' bj" »" . aajshite men in the use of the t''', "'' *f '■«'«» boatmen a„dlt Jhf '^^f ™™«. or CWe found in 01^,^2^,"'" ".'"'""S '"">'»■ ''" ' "' °^f"' r^sio-titSo*" So".,"?, "-^-- * o?tr,^!.if-^d",r^ tr'-""« «-"«- Noble of Aberdem 'i ^"' '""» «»blishmenls are ^f „ 1 . °"""' " E'"* Lead years. He was absent af tl. I . ^''' "^^'^ has been in charL ^ / ^''tabhshment fall of '96. We met at tl^ J""'u"^ ^"'^ ^''^^' having re urned ?% .,"P Y'^''^^ °f 35 chief back on tLn Kekerton his assistant, Mr Milne ", Scotland during the arrives f - "siTaSjX ' 1 ?.r ^A"^"^ ^^^^ ^"^'itrt ' '"Th"'^ ^'^^T^'"^ ^'^ the earliest date at which "he ca. f f ^"^"^*' «^P«"«nee h'^ti^ JJ^^/^f.^'.^^^ally landing her suDnli-p« "f" 7« ^an sately cross Davis Strnh Z^ *' this is about with the nat vfst at £\''7"T"' ^"^ ^"''h few artSes T.J"''' '^' ^"^^ '^f^'- September with the oil ^ ^' l'^^ ''"^ '^^^ ^^^ Kekerton she", '''^"""'^ ^^'^ ^'^'^'' Kekerton we found a well Ku^?"' ^^^^'^ during the p eWo' / n""' *? ^^^''deen i,, «hops; half aZeVSt^tl ^-"fi^"f^^'^^'^ cap'S Itor l^ot ^^"T ^^ U built whale boats and a most ivory horn, otherwise oaely associated with holes in the ice when y- .IS IS due both to a ich has been repJaceci ■ioiJs. AtonetiniP sailing out of Nen- ho mouth of Hudson ''esaels entering the « J^ay in the head ^ bay, their whahiio •They frequently almginthegulf.or aJl these northern -etus). During the ^'as first introduced ing vessels remain J;vindled; as far as fler voyage was a ging to the same oi- steamers, have or no other work 3n's Bay Company 1 the Welcome tW hat she has gone the Welcome ace the Atlantic in he spring. They eding about the ■th in June and 'f, when the ice carrying on tlie managed by an B Esquimaux, or ' quite as expert aling establish- f at Black Leail by the JMessrs. e establishment upwards of 3', md during the y expecting his vessel usually t this is about the gulf after "red for tradn Aberdeen in 1 spring. At liis and woik ts and a most BVnsOX BAY EXPEDiTION OF 1S07. 76 complete whalinar outfit oil ;», ,.\ were painted anj variw T^^^^TS^'I '"'''"■ '""' '"-*• »«"> up „„ .k,j, „. tho«e of any man-ot-war »;.. • t . ?"*'>' "°' "'"'fed and »hilen«l «. L t .1 pertaining I a wl-aHn/o'^tfiVtat jtely'ir,"'' '?""»'• "P^^" -d a"] t'l": n».i.e.s „e„. w„™„/i'i tn'"rtt?"'-»f'"«'»'^ .«=: -"' ."- po^nd . e„„,, -\„7rL;rpii-:rr,triiS When not engasred at tf,o ..,i i- ° that is in winter f^i^n I^^,:':^'^^^:' '" If' "^^^^^-'^^ "P ^^^er it is over^ nd r„1vth ''°''''"-'^"^f«'-^'overin/theii'^^^ '■"^i"*''" '^'^^ '^^^^ for Noble,°tho:gh i^a Wl^b^lfelc^rhSt^ ^^^^^"--^s to those of the Messrs of New London, Con., until three year; a^o T '"T"'"'"^^' ^^^ ^'>« Williams Jwnv to the Messrs. Noble THp Wiii- "^ ^ ^ ' ^"^'^ these people had rPt.Vprl ^ ^""^P'^^y «d for „any ye.r,:heri« ^^dtT^ ".'i!™^""bliah:^'C^^^^ , the latter had re„,,ined here and tZtJZi7:7:f,i^L^Tt '''•'"" ""di-nS'; ;=rf ffi:r„;i- r;£SF^^^ »= "-retytiL-S half -vhale per season. ' "' °"° °' *«" «'»»■<>■■» would be about on? and ! «or£at:riS?:jr;L,'?hXLT|.7^i„t^'™""/° '» » .->- of „,,. The „i, i', to 10 feet and should w«,-*K .u.,."""^,^-'''*^^^^'' t^n ; the average bone will run from 9 >u . , aoout £T2 a ton and the bone £o r The values given above are those in Eno-- '-ind in 189n-l,S0f5 wuu" -""^t" ^'J^''"'- -^"e vt a price of b,t:;el%ouTa':^d' L''d':,a'^:*t.lttf ^"^^ ^^^^^^ Bone has been taken 17 feet Ion" tL i u J^/''''* ""'^ ^'^^ ^orth 30 cents°a Zu.l bowhead is so called on account of Z T^'^"^ ''^' ^^^ ^°"g««t '^"^1 finJt bone^ Th from 65 to 75 feet in length llr ML'tr '^^^^'-^d; a goSd sized bow head will run -. are ho„.t, faiti,fu, and aet^i-ttTul^^-Sf £:alt%-»;i"Lr'S ^4 Vin If i! * 76 MAlinXE AXD FISHERIES. '>ave been long wifclifc i n . ™?*' ^'''^ J^'-ds and fislT S-!, 7^^'^ "^'^^^ o°c.:vsio,, scurvy. The tl IL H f "'"'"^ '"^^t^' ^^'^th the resuk tl?f 1 "^^^^ °" ^^'^ »«'''"«! Th '■'^te amongthe n.en^ conhned in H^'^i'l"-"' ^^^^ '^h'^SZlflf^ ^'^''^'^^''^ -'-.e I' diet of salted meats and n^. "^^"^ iH-ventilated cabin^^n^f ^'^^^"^ *''« deati, '« a thing of the mst wi f ^" ^ *°" ^"-^^ "«« of alcoholwi^ ' '"'u*?"^'' ^"d filth, with COD "*" about the Toth'o'f V^^ ^""^ "P ^^« Labrador roast Th month, thouth thti^^r'""? T'^ ^-P« ChudJe !h iloZn^^^^ ^'"'^^ ''^ -' Nachv.k I;;^brador sho're. tLsS 'tTt n^""'^-'-^ «" "h™* :n^^^^^ '^ .f^!' of the saat off O'Brien Harbou ■ ^und^'p' Port Burwell about a weel j '? ^ '^^ ''^ ^^«»g ^^e Liigava Bay than Porf R m^P'' <^hudleigh. ThevT. . . ^^'''^ ^'^ ^'-^t taken Kiver has LXJ^^t.^^JT"- ^^« ^^ent of the S'udson's t '^'''" ^"^^ ^"•''^h"'- " «ny. We tried at Serai 1 T -"'L"^ ^''^ '"^uth ofceor^e's R^ ^"1 "" ®^- ^^o'^'^'e? ««'! of Mansfield Isknd ^ ?*' '" ""^«"» ^'^J between fin r-n'"' ^"^ ^'''^ nevevlot informed that T sp c es J' n .''""t' ^^^"^ ^'"e« and liars' hV"^ '^^^ ««"*''-' points of the reefsC the so,^^h "'''^ ''"^ occasionally a"lfen "n , ^?' "°"^- ^ '^^ raethathehadoften tripdf l^'^'"''"'''^ '^^'^ of the bav n . '"""tI ''^*«'- off the got anything; Zr Uuton n'''''''' "^'^ '^'^^'^ hecaL Jin thX''\^'r' •"^°'-"'^^' whalers have repeatedlv tw w ^\ '""P^^"'' ^"^d met with^h. ^'' ^"' ^^ ^'«d never bay but have ^^IZtllny C f°""™ '^^^^ ''^ <>he sl^! t and'nr.r^'^^^^^- '^f^ ^-^SZ;^;S^ -- -^^k t«r-7 ^^e ta.n . - .-, bill fish, -xt:t,s -S-- ^^^^^ fo^^^iLrs HALIBUT. in the s^tmiTonrv' wp? ^ f^ ^^^""*' on the Labrador • th , Black Lead th u t fev T '^/^ -'^'' '^"^ on our trawls T^^'^ ^'-^ •"=^'=' "««" tak ports killing seJPti.'iTr'/fl^- «''d small halibut roTen in L'f "^%"^^°'-"-d u,e the ice in the snri i qn , '"""'^^ *'• ^''^ ^surfa e a toL^ ; ^ "":.- ^'^P^'^i" Spicer - ■^P"ng, 90 m.les ,.,^sr of Kesulution Tshinf ""^ ^"'"^"'- 'J'^i« was i„ !iave never been taken Joptmg altogether ti.eir estioned on tJie subject le informed me that |,J t'lat he was altogether I existence. on board the whali,,,, 'er avoid salt beef ami d whale meat, occasion, of the white men, w],„ 'to the interior, have md. It was impossible r on the island. Thi ■e always Jaid up with le old harbours where of graves; the death lleness and filth, with ■hing frightful. Thi. ly them to hunt, and at work in the ope„ iJ rrom scurvy. ^Ve 5 have a horror of it] nke in at Nachvak the20thofthesa,ue ot the ice along the 'ey are first taken en any further up )ston St. George's ' o"t has never ')-ot and the southern ' got none. I was 'oal water off the n Hawes informed ' but he liad never experience. The 'hern part of the atives to be found e bay a fair trial, the whalers that 'hey are taken olf ', do not care (o lugh and cold to ■ith traps, seinrs, ound filled with been HUU.OX BAY EX PE I ITION OF m IIKRKIXG. S97. on the Labrador ; they hav 77 never SALMOX. Salmon are found in all tlm l^n,,,, j i .salmon fishery is made by th^uZlo^'s b7cZIT ''''''''' ^^^^^^^^ An extensive Ingava or Koksoak rivers. The fishe"v is m- 1^ 7' ''"''' '"^ ^^°>-g«'« ^^'hale, and pany 'ned the experiment of shippi„rtLsa7mt Trpt"?"'' ' ^ ^ ^^^ %-•« the com purpose their SS. "Diana" was Htted^up tS "efW^^^ T^^' "' ^"»'^"''' ^'^^ this not a success, and at present the fish are rhipVed sfuH '^'.""l^^T- '^^''^ venture was .s far north as Lancaster Sound; those taken in 1 ^'"^uf ^"^'"«" '"'« ^"""d empty mto Ungava Bay. as well a those found in the h"'''''\^'^"''^ mentioned which ern shore of Baffin's Land, are exactly like thrsalmon , t^'' ''''^ u*"'^"'^ '■^^""S *''« ^^st- and on the outer Labrador. As far as we know tt " 'f '^' ^"'^^^ ^'- Lawrence size emptying into Hudson Strait ; we saw no aln r^^^'*^"^* ''^^^ "^ ""'^ considerable "^ ^leLzf fiitrrsin £t r F-- -' ^^^•""^^' '^^"'' '^^^ '"' could gather, the salmSn taken TnthTrlts"rm2[nT'f ^-^, ^hu-hill. From all I arger than good sized trout. They winte^ inTf ^ " * '^ ^^ ^'"^ «"^''^". "ot much the salt water with the breaking up^orthe ce in ITe"' T"'' "'^''' ""^ ^^^^ 8° «"t to of July and August, at -vhich time tL « , ^ '^""^' ''^turning up stream in the end like trout; their\abits and mov^men s ±7hr ""'"^"" ^^^^'^ ^^'^'^^ -« nio^e known as Hearn's salmon. I do not believe that T' ' '^'^ ^^ ""^""btedly what is ni and out through the strait *''''* '^'^^ «^«^ ^^ave Hudson Bav or j,ass .si.ed%^^^^^^^^^^^^ Hshery is made with lar.e prac ised in the Gulf of St. Lawrence irBaffin'. T^ V°' ' "T^^^ ''^''' '^^ f^^l'ion the fishing is done at intervals by the natives t ho ^nM "? ''^"'"^ ^'^'"'^ '' '^'''^^ "» ' mto which the fish are driven. Large quantities of ''"' 7'''' ^^'™^« ^^^ streams up in this way, the fish being generaHv sneTl^ of salmon and trout are often penned -al skin lines. At ChurchillTflnJ t^ Mia" ITu Z' f'^ ^''^^^""^^^ '^^^ °^ ''- the Esquimaux in Baffin's Land, by build in' tone wis ' ' ^t'"^ ^''^ "^"^^ as did converged to a narrow opening in the cerTfrt i I u '""''''' *''^ '^'''''"^'> these walls mouth was fitted ; a couple of hands then L ^ '"'"'? ^ *''"^*^ ^ag-net with a square "f them. In this way tL fiXvt d'lr "^ fr .* ! ?„?- '^'^^^^^ ^^e water ari? TROUT. m the rivers of Baffin's Land. The 2l\l\!StZ^S^ ^'vvl' '^''^ '''^ i»«t as plenty to catch trout for them. As far as I conTrl ili ., ""^ ' VVeleoine, employ the natives I'* ' ever been tak • This was in j.ffrorci. Ihcrc are two winterinrr nn,.fi. fu- ^"'•^n wnaiing vessels Irom JS'ew natives by these whalers is the pSai of a ? """T V'^r^^ ^''^^^ ^^"e -ith the and blue fox and musk ox. Xurmr^/Lisk ^xlkin '' the polar bear, wolf, white any musk ox skins are obtained in this way, as !l : ■ II I 78 ^^^'^''^yi^' AXD fisukhibs. t'lese animals are nof ft , i i KoWe air' of'"' ™P°'« f«m iSe^Y, TJ"'"'S ■"»«»"" owned bv ali. "ill.out Laving touelied , ,.„ L ""'''' " -"y^gUhe ,\Z„ ?"""'"l"><'*; «»') it i. ■".»lMolion m,ul/at St lol,.^ 1 i? '""' '>ntl then but th ' °"™''' '"' » ™d,ler « ■Shtl7 damaged .tte; f '" J.''^ I'M'' "Sent o„ jri. ,.:„',t3 L? "."Y"'''"'!., .„d E of the actual shin's oo„„nl, "*'""•» •""' men of the r, i ■ '^' """ *e was k;l cheerful and interes^iTg oLaS"'="' "'"• '"'"i' ''- toy,"'' S'" *» "Prein,.! -ina».„nert*-i-^;5;IWea.iS'-I™SSS*:SiJ The whole humbly submitted % your obedient servant, ''''^'^'' Ji<^i/ and Jia^n's land. REPORT ON A COMPARISON OF THF M.. ■in j;«85j between 22nfl T "-'''. " oHnl,? °!fP' »" ""■ "Ith »nd • ' ' ■"* "Pparentlj several l''^y, where the vc,s.se]3 '••Hes and ammunition thing. ' tions owned by aliens 'iments of the Messrs 'ods, nor on those used' amount of duty whiel, es have very ]ittJe to r own use. The more not found beyond the ' s Land, and they are 'S are not visited hy > or tliree years will on Bay. There is no 'come, as the localitv existing stations are te be reopened it i, JVoble. pleasure the active 3»-s and men of tJje 'I- accident, and it i, Ji-ned to her owners Jurse, lost a rudder 'lavoidable, and the I that she was bwt survey, though not in the representa- '."s we all had a "end and adviser Sf to Hudson Bay tions energetically I^UDSOS BAY EXPEDITION OF 1S07. ^d Baffin's Land. L OBSERVA- )7. ig about in the 6° 25', not very as determineil '0'1°; there was >gh it on a fe« Diana " was in 8"8°; the wind 1 1st, 4th and ii-entiy several 79 9th to the ^ferh^Tth?" ifiT-'ir^^^^^^^^^ *h« ^^^tl'er experienced from .1. m the latter, but in 1897 there was somewh- t mn ^""'"^'^y^^^ there was one gale, none In August we have periods of 20 ?7 T ^°S than in 1886. ^ ' °"^ 'r'r ^TJl^'-^t^'' The mean tempera3of 7 '"^■'' -^'f^' "^ ''''^^ - -ch of the W"^ tJ?/ ^^^'^ ■''hows that August 189? 1 '"'" f"'^'^'" ''^'^ respectively 38-5' in either 1884 or 1885; in neitht iS ifl8«?' '''"'^r'™'' t'''^" 'h^ "'Vhr^r^ ^'''^'-" '^"^ "^"^h snow fell I of ua7 i' f ''"'' ""^ ^'^'^'^' '^"'^ '^^^ ^he e 1 he only direct temperature compar son U. " f^-equent in all three years o 20th, m the years 1886 and mj^ZTZlT ■"''''' "' September is from the 7th .h-9 .indicating that, like the pre;ed?n^ montS ^\Z'''^''''''^y '"«^"« "f SB-e'and probably than either 1885 or 1^84 Jf X «' \^^\^''' warmer than 1886 and moderate gale having occurred, but in boSi 1885 f'^ i ^«'f \ "'^'^ "«* ^^«^-y. «« y one gales and the weather was very mulTr^ S ^"'^. ^^^^ ^^''ere were many very heav! heavy blow occurred while theirwas Tn th'e T\ u .^^^^' "'^^^ ^ppare^ntly Lt oS In October, in order to have T cZpaHstn t? ^'"''" '^' ^'^ ^"d 20tl[ " on the "Diana" between the 14th IZZJ^/T.T^ """P^''^ ^^e observations made R. F. STUPART, Ai!-..,,, A Director. Wr.EELt ABsWAcrof Meteor„l„..i„«l Ob,ervali„„« Men on h, , n ■ • "Kan... J„„etoOet„W, :;r °'"""°" '""'"""■ June 12 . . do 19 do 26 .. July 3 ... do 10 .... do 17 .... do 24 .... do 31 .... do 14 .. do 21 .... do 28 Sept. 4 ... do u ....;■■ do 18 . . do 25 " ■ Oct. 9 .■ do Ifi .. ^o 23 ...,;;;; • do .SO ... 1 ^^n■. .'."."" 30-22 at -79 30 10 29 87 29-4 29-72 29-98 2!)-97 29 83 29 •H7 2t)-(W 29 ■09 29-88 29-83 29 -Na 2il-98 2i)-!lfi 29-72 29 70 29-45 29-88 30-33 30-16 30-25 30 08 29 -(i3 30- Hi 30-30 30-37 29 98 30-11 2il-91 29 81 30-21 30 18 ;<0-15 30- 17 30-17 30 .32 30-17 .SO 02 30-35 80 Sir' 3 MAliWK AXD FISHERIES. 1 C , . FJSHE8. .V ^{.'J'l^f'"''- Cottoids. (5 7, 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. GASTEHOPODS. 13, 14. 15. 16. 17. IS. vlielks. Jiuccinum plficfriim «*• -^eidunea. P^'ctrim, fetiinpson, and B. > >> - , -...„„ felican's Pooh ,i.,^ / ■ ''' attached. ^'"'^"^ ^-' Sowe.by, with ^.e/.a.„ e%„„,,,^ ..^ , . Limpets, y/cw^ca. ^!;;;--. TonlceUa mar.orea, Fabncius. %g case of /'ws„,. 19. C//«. (A few ,specimen.s). PTEROPODS. on (.• • ^AMKLLIBRAXCHS. 21 CJamr" 7^''"^ ^^^n,arck. 00 Vr"''- ^'^y« nrenaria, L. --• Macoma. -3. Asfarte baiilw;^ r« l 9^1 f • ""''**''• '--efich. ''O. Lrenella. 27. Mussel. J/y,,7,,, ,^;^^^. ' • ""^ '^'*h ^a/««,,, ..attached.) q RRACHIOPOD. -Lamp-Shell. /?AW....^/«;,.W«, GVelin m , ''-•^elin. (Barnacles attached.) .09 g '^CHINODERMS. 31- Actino^oa^s. ' ^^"'^'■^hates. Am Y DR. WAKEHAM BAY AND STRAIT •tJay, summer, 1897 : intula, d'Orbigny, led.; HCDSO.y DA Y EXPEDITION OF 1S97. 32. Crabs. Nyas. cruhtackans. 3.3. Hermit-crabs. I^a^nrns. 34. Prawn. Pcuulalns. 36." Iw!:!"'^- ^""'"""•"■^' -'' -' '^"-d fom. 37. liarjiaeles. Balanua. an.vi.;lid.s. 38. J'olynoe. 41. Tube of iSer^jjt/a. 42. Tubes of 6>wvr6is. On alg;e. 4d. Luchone elegann. 44. POLYZOA. 45. Sponoiad^ 4G. Alg^.. ^-AMKLLIBKANCIIS. 47. ] o^(//ffl. 48. Modiolaria. 49. ^'aa'/cam /7«^o^a, Lamarck. 50. OPHIURIANS. -, .^ CRUSTACEANS. 01. I.sopofi, 02. Bartin's Bay Arpfmna a. . , ,. 03. Mantis ^^"^relt '''''"' '"^''''' ^^b'^ ;'!• ^fnd shrimp. Gammarus. 00. tehnmp. Crangon. POLYZOANS. ~>8. Phronima, and a smaller Crustacean. 60. Portions of some Teleostean. 61. Crustaceans. ^.mmar«., and an allied form. 81 Obt ''""•' '^^ ^'-^^^hvak Bay, Labrador, 3rd A ■esumably Smolts. (,9a/,Hn mlar V 116—6 ugust, l.*<97 I, H f'l L.) 82 ""■}'.■ ' r.l I m ■iiv . .3 Ft I! ? A-^/P/.VA- A.VD FISmaiEH. Obtained by tin- «■!• i v 67. Natica. -^^ 68. ^«tm, Leach. 70 ff''"'''^,''^9osa, Lamarck. (Valve ^ 72 Fragments of Balanun of . Annelid, ■ -^^^^"^^^tZ^ o. the mo..tb . Cb.e.„ «.., ,. 76. Salve Bug. ^^a ;,.«.„, Kroyer. Found o:i the surface of the ice in W i 77 /I • , Hudson Strait early i„ J„i„ . 77. i)ia^o.«.. (See note, p. 83). ^ ^ •"■ Besides the above menfm»»^ e X.AROER SPECIMENS Obtai„«l on tl,e .o^th .hore of H„d3„„ St. •, , , J«he. obtained .. Ch„„M„ „„ ,., „, ,^^^^_^^^ ._ I -1 "Ds of water, 9th Sep. outh side of Hudi Sfin A. Ag., of Celhpora, th August, /897 : -MA(i\lK/|,;i,r,o I)1AMI.:tei:s 'hurchill liiv, er, ID and fragments of mber, 1897 into the bay on MA(;xjFrKU rm diametfrs '" '^'•'"'t •■■•irly in Jvly, iHo;. Hiver and iu [83 1 1 f 1 ^WnsOS ,U Y EXruniTlON of 1S97. 83 Invertebrates obtainrrl nl.,..« iu 5 Crabs. //y„s „,.a„e«^ l 1 Pecten, and a Pec ten vjilv> a» .. /'solus 2ihantapus, L. I'entactafrondosa, jlcir. Ascidians. Ascidia. Bolteoiia. A2sM)l{EWHALKETT. From Nansens 'Tarthest North " :-_ ;c, oJ^Sr^o r ^:St :t Str^ :f ^^t »-'^ ^-.ed bro.„.^ .ed Ins colour to be produced by swarms oSfn."""^ "' ''r^ The „ncroscop« n.x,v3 K'as, this so.fof io";t%„ie\':tes: whL";: ^ s?^" '' I ^'^^^ ^-- -'--. .^t 'Town on their .surface, are rare. I maE t fA '' ^^'h^"* any traces of a d rty organisms J tbiuul in the newly.fro.en bZnil tw ^'''7'' "^'°"'' "'"«' ^>« ^ue to thi specimens I took to-day consist for 2^ Z7^1T^ ''" ^^' T*"™" (0''*«b«'') i but the and other .ngredic^nts olf organic origil-Tlp 301 Z^''' ^"^^ '"'"^'^^ wittdiat^.n: ' Professor Cleve. of TTn«n.l„ * * •> PP- oui JOJ. Professor Cleve, of Upsala a e take their origin frorsait water), wUh so4e^ W f'T' ^'' ^^''"^^"^^y "»*^""e wir.d has carried from I, ,; Th^ ,j; , '' „ ^^^^ *<^^ fresh-water forms whiVI, fi,^ iike what I have fou:d in manf h " IXi oX" ''^^ '"^^' ^'^ ^"^^« P-»'--nd n' ;^hich It shows the n.ost complete eo.Zniv . fP««^""°"«. with one exception with byKellwan durin.^ the « Vp,^'.,! ^' "'""*'^y' '^ ^Pecimen which was po Wfl^ Bering Strait. Spe^ieslnd vl^^eti^ '^'^^rctr •/^■""', '^ ^lape "waZrem nt^ from Cape Wankarem, and twelve of the havp h«o/f ^PP^*'" '^''^« i" ^he dust nowhere else in all the world. This was a no ll! 5""'' f* *'^** P''^"^ ^'one, and pmns and Cleve is oevUinly n^utn s^^J^^^Tr'T ^'^^^^^ the diatomous flora on the iceWs off LSXaitl^ indeed, quite remarkable that oZ ."^ ^«'»P'«'«ly '•esemble each other, and Sdll,; ^.! 'f' 'T' «^ Greenland points to an open connection between tl e seas e "' of r' .""^J ""'""^^ '^'^ ^^^^ers : it Thro.igh this open connection drift ice is thS ^""^^'^^d and north of Asia.' unknown Polar Sea.'" I., p 29 ' ^^^'^^'*'^' /early transported aorosTthe *: ^■*>J*«Kiifct- ~. . ^ f fl MAP OF lUDSON STRAIT, fcpa owing track piXTsixed ly S.S.biana ..t^&v ^"" ' ^ "" ' V June 22nd. to July 2^st. ^. i^^^' ,.f tt ■ ir-] J •.J®fe*?- ^ MAP HUDSON SI ,>w««§5i^p showing track pursttec gl^Pil,^ Ju.ly21st.to JuJ kmilM^fmlif^^ 18D7 - MAP OF JDSON STRAIT. ng track pixrsttecl by S.S.iWana t, — July 21st. to JuLlj31st. — ^. ■ } ■ • r 4f- , M 'tin ■1 1 •-■f ' ii ' vA^;- ^^ AND ns -' MAP OF ' JDSON STRAIT. ^,,. ing track pursi^edly S.S.biana |f^^' — Oct. 1 5ih. to Oct. 31 St. ! \. I H'- 72- m IBI ,^-^C AdMt "^* ■■■"••■••■■^•■v.«v; 'JT''- „ '"^^^ p,U» .^ ■..:. ■• I ■■.' ,!»•'* 1- ■'..■'.•■.•» •„ ,M Z '••'■•'/ ' ' • ''' < \-' ' ':"■'■ '<' '.'.. ':'■,. '1 •■'.?' ' ": I' l l! 'i 't^ijti i/^ ' ^ ii W ' i'* '>"r ' ' ■' ''■ ''Wi^ -' 'i i fc- >U i'l *a5^S'^!s;?'-/| / ' ' ISLAND.' ' ■■'^■/ ,ffll'.'.t?'''' 'J ''■^■•'' '•■■■■ Mnji 7U" '■-..i^A.rnil^JFu)^" ■...■.■■;,./'— ^^~ ~ LAB R A I 1 L L L L ^«*ukt|iiui||. .\«>»>«' ■•.WJf '¥ P. '""iva,£ i • ..—-ST. , / 'V rv i 1 ^ vMH/ftia ^niut. B /I Y ^r L L L L -4 I L '^ ■^^♦l^.•';''^" ^' ^•v« ^'i' 'CMcrty. /-f^^. 'S •i Advance '-»* '"«>'*, ^M Jiav: HiiMuuHowJIond. > S T R 4 1 T anct.V. S A •♦ ■ 7\ X* / \ '.,';, wM M >Hap ^^■^-^ l ll I i I IIJ M Il * II 1ABR4BOR i>.i»..' ,.^■ ■ '|«i I ■j"i, .•■•'■ '..'f'-: MAP OF HUDSON BAYand strait allowing tlie track pursued liyS.S. Diana" during tVie season of ^1897 *Mr- ^";■,■•'^i in command of D= Wnkehani Dept of MariiK anifl Fisherie*. CANADA. NOTE:- Th* tracks sfiownin ffreen ewe ^'hose fhorn Hfilifa>x to tKa moiii-h of UY(f Strait, and the final rvturn iri tJie faJl. The red ti'fu^k shxjw.s the trip fhoin Ncurht'iik to CumherUmd Soiiruit thence tfu-ou^h tfve StrcUt a.rujL> a\cross the Bat/ to ChiirckMl; Uxence by way of- Uru^ai'dBnif ta S^ JahnA N.F.,an