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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, 11 est fiimd d partir de Tangle supf rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut an bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. by errata ied to ent une pelure, fapon d 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 INT A VA SKVl MORr The Wor< THE CANADA SPELLING BOOK. INTKNDED AS AX \ INTRODUCTION TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE; CONSISTINfl OF A VARIETY OF LESSONS, PROGRESSIVELY ARRANGED IX three: parts. WITH AN APPENDIX, CONTAININa SBVERAfi USEFUL TABLES ; THE OUTLINES OF GEOGRAPHT; A COMPREHENSIVE SKETCH OF GRAMMAR ; AND HORr^KG AUiD EVENING PRATERS FOR EVERT DAT IN THE WEEK. The Words Divided and Accented according to tlie Purest Mode of Pronuneiutton BY ALEXANDER DAVIDSON. FORTY b SECOND THOUSAND. NIAGARA : PUBLISHED BY ALEXANDER DAVIDSON. CBOROJB HODGKINSON, PRINTERv 1845. ''A ^1) jv< ■51! J tu ■ .ii I Entered, according to Act of the Provincial Legislature, in the year One Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-one, by Alexander DavidooN, in the Office of the Registrar of the Province of Canada.] THE BURLA.NO LITH CO.MONTttBAL- ra.'WTL 'by J. J oTai3toiL,lvto-n.tx-ja.l 75 7u fto ^5/)^// r ^^ \> 9 ;«■ IV.. / ■JiVfi /\ X (I v. On 1^ / #■ ,# ■i^- 10, A' »"/< /v /I /LS / ^ t'- ^ 7 I .(("/;• ^'-, .ll^'N C 'O N (p 0./. pg -.-> felW^ ^^a '■1^ - %>■ :f'^Fp \]^^ it>^^ r** I^Y/i'i iJiii'R- It! MuC iueloif^'i '.THREE RIVER >^- X-S?^" oiiaeE*, :/ ^^' '« r6fid/^« ^Re^* / ^^ OrKlN ^' f'^ C>t) / ia no / « ^^ ,^-'' .0 .^-^i ^^ ^ " r o/, J-v^ .(^ » ^:>.^ z' yoRK< N ■A!/ v> tll-ADELirj-f ^SlaEmnl'-^^'' ■-y 7 IS Wia« 'i^om QfeeirwicK @o ,a6 ^ THE BURLANO LITH CO.MOMT/rBAl Thei A suitat whether conduct life. Durln the folio mentary were to ent iijtne difftienl numeroi delectivi foreign < It is Vi it excee( ti great of every Since remedj pages. I he has a^ forgot 1 61 ous : he lessons a the youn detitined •Vtaf« _r-& ■ uu i . i ui..ul].u...i. i jm| i iu. l l .' f^^M!W.!4.>. PREFACE. TnERB is scarcely anything of so much importance to a community, ns a suitable Spkllino Book ; it exerts an influence peculiarly its own, whether in regard to first impressions, or the iormation of charr»v;te:' and conduct. The sentiments acquired at school are generally retained thi jugh life. During a residence of nearly twenty years in Canada, the compiler of the followins: pages often had occasion to notice the great diversity of ele- mentary books in use, and how exceedingly inappropriate many of them were to the object for which they were nrofesj'edly desiuned. At the pres- ent lime this diversity is not diminished ; and it cannot be denied, that, in diffVient sections of the country, those of United States' origin are the most numerous. While Spelling Books from lingland are to us necessarily delcctive, not being suited to our scenery and other Lcalities, tliose of a foreign origin are liable to more serious objectK 'is. It is very generally acknowledged, that our system of popular instiuction is exceedingly inefiicient : but, were it otherwise, the evil alluded to is on« ei great magnitude, and is in itself sufficient lo excite regret in the mind of every individual possessed of any degrcie of From ih I have e tains ever with thisE ces which and will tl ing the gi an evil, thj lions diffe/ ^ood hool\ recommei From the Rev, Jonathan Scott, Editor of the Christian Guardian, *' Christian Gua idian" Office, Toronto, 22nd July, 1840. My Dkar Sir:— I have read, with much pleasure, the greater part of your manuscript, entitled *• Canada SpePing Book," and regret that ray urgent duties have not allowed me to bemcifr more attention upon it-. 1 Fi'om th\ Sir:— Book whj aiter a caj RECOMMENDATIONS. deem it well suited to the interesting: purpose for which it is intended ; and ib the preparation of every part of it, you have evidently had that purpose in view, and by a sound judgment, and an admirable caufiousnes^, endea- vored to accomplish it. Solar as I am able to give an opinion, the numer- ous lessons it contains are correct, and those conveyinj? sentiments, couched in language sufliciontly simple and concise to be well adapted to ihe capacities and tastes of juvenile learners ; while there is inslruction varied enoug*h to meet the wants of the most ignorant, and of youth that have made pome proficiency in their elementary studies. What gratilies me Tno3f is, the moral and religious tendency of tl;o3e parts of your work which are didactic. Having these views of it, which I express to you witli much diffidence, I venture to say, its publication will supply a desideratum lonp: felt to exist in Ihe Canadas, — where, on its bein^ generally used, it will, t doubl not, be of great utility. 1 heartily recommend it, and, fur one, shall «ver be ready to award the praise due to you as its author. I am, my dear Sir, Very respectfully your?, JONATHAN SCOTT. To Alexander Davidson, Esq. From the Rev. Robert McGjll, Minister of the Church of Scotland. I have examined the Canada Spelling Book with some attention. It cor»- tains every thing usually comprehended in an elementary work of this class, with this advantage, that many of the lessons are founded upon circumstan* ces which must be frequently falling under the observation of the young, and will therefore be more intelligible and interesting to them. Esteem- ing the great variety of Spelling Books to be found in our Common Schools an evil, the more so that some of them are adapted to political institu- tions different from ours, I should be gratified to see them displaced by one ^ood book. I think the Canada Spelling Book is a good book, and would recommend it for the use of Schools. ROBERT McGILL. Magara, 29th July, 1840. From the Rev. Thomas Creen, Minister of the Church of England, Niagara, August 4th, 1840. . Sjr: — Having formed a high opinion of the merits of the Spelling Book which you have completed with so much judgment and accuracy, aiier a careful examination of the manuscript, I am gratified that it is now ▼!• RECOMMENDATIONS. in the eonnie of being published, because T have long coniidered lueh aa elementary work muca needed in this Province. I therefore wish you success in the publication, and ^eg to a h\ my hum- ble recommendation of the Canada Spelling Book to public patronage, as well entitled to supersede the foreign Spelling Books now too generally tised in our common Schools. Respectfully, your obedient servant, THOMAS CR'^.EN, Chairman qftJie Trustees and Board of Educ ition, JVlagara District A. PAyiDSox, Esq: B *CONCE In th viz. : Ji if w, r, Vi are > V, Xy 2r, »nd 1/ beginni Each eral dis Vowels, a 'i % ■^ I h u y A coi quires tl ted, has ways sc debt, an( Oalv former latter times it Dke bind, i^has ticiple c tinguish Ghel g-oblety times hi and in (. is often JI cm BRIEF INTRODUCTORY REMARKS, 'concerning the letters of the ENGLISH ALPHABET* In the English Alphabet there are twenty-six letters, viz. : A, 6, c, d, e, /, g; h, i, j, k, I, m, ?i, o, p, q, r, 5, if w, v, 10^ rr, y? ^' -4) ^> *> o> ^j ^^id sometimes i^ and 2/, are vowels. j5, c, d^ /, «^, /i, A;, /, ??i, w, j9, cid spelling rs either a proof of great ignorance or carelessness. A good articulation consists in giving to every letter in a syllable its due quality and proportion of sound, according to the most approved custom of pronouncing it ; and in so uttering the syllables of which wordj? are composed, that the ear shall, without difficulty, distin- guish their number. In so far as these points are not observed, the articulation is defeclivn. Distinctness of articulation depends primarily upon being able to enunciate the sounds of the letters by the organs of speech, and distinctly combining them into syllables and words: and, in the next phice, in dis- tinguishing properly the syllables of which words are composed from each other. The chief cause of indistinctness, is a too great pre- 10 THE CANADA oipitancy of utterance. To cure this, the most eifecttial method will be, to employ an hour every day in reading aloud, in a manner jnuch slower than is necessary, and before some per.son whose kindness would correct the habitual errors of the reader. There is one cause of indistinct articulation which operates very generally, and which arises from the very genius of our tongue ; so that unless great care be taken, it is scarcely possible to escape being affected by it. Every word m our language, composed of more sylla- bles than one, has one syllable accented, and is thus particularly distinguished from the rest ; and if this ac- cented syllable be properly articulated, the word will be sufficiently knov/n, even though the others should be sounded very confusedly. This produces a negli- gence with regard to the pronunciation of the other syllables, which, though it may not render the sense obscure, yet destroys all measure and proportion, and consequently all harmony in delivery. This fault may be corrected by pronouncing the unaccented syllables more fully than is necessary. OF PUNCTUATION. Puncl nation is the art of using certain points or stops, so as to mark the several pauses in reading, and the sense in writing. The several points and stops are, a comma, marked thus, ( , ) a semicolon thus, ( ; ) a colon thus, ( : ) a j9e- riod or full stop, thus, { . ) a note of interrogation, thus, ( ? ) a note of admiration, thus, ( ! ) You must stop at a comma, while you can count one ; at a semicolon two ; at a colon three ; at a period four , at a note of interrogation four, and at a note o£ admi- y'eX\Qn four . A period marks a complete sentence ; a colon, the chief member of a complete sentence ; a semicolon, a half member ; a comma, a subdivided half member ; a note of interrogation indicates that a question is asked ; and a note of admiration implies a sudden emotion of the mind. A a Im I IB / cttial iding , and it the vhich very aken, by it. sylla- i thus lis ac- d will >hould negli- other sense 1, and It may Uables ' stops, nd the narked ) a pe- u, thus, nt one ; d four , t admi- he chief , a half I note of ; and a le mind. 8VELLINQ BOOK. PART I. U ROMAN ALPHABET. A B € D E F « H I J K I^ V M jy O P q R S T U T ^r X Y Z & abcde f ghi jk ImnopqrstuT wxy a5& 12 THE CANADA LETTERS ARRANGED PROMISCUOUSLY D B C G F E H A X U Y M Z O J J. f^ IL T & xwzuocybdf qp^nmhtkr i g e j a 1 T & ^1 ah ,/ \ 8PELLINO BOOK. 13 ITALIC LETTERS, s hMjyopQUSTirjr abed ef g'Tiij'k Im n op q rstuvwxy%^ f VOWELS. a e 1 o u And sometimes W and }'• DOUBLE AND TRIPLE -.ETTERS. ff fi fl ffi ffl se oe FIGURES. ■ 1234567890 V u THE CANADA. Egg. SPELLING LESSONS OF TWO LETTERS, LES50N 1. ba be ca ce de ga ge ha he la je ke le ^ A * ' bi bo bu by Cl CO di do CU du cy dy gi go gu SY LE960N 2. hi ho hu ^y Jl JO Ai ko li lo lu 1 ma na pa m SCI vn wa va « za Guinea Pig. House. LES80N 3. ma me mi mo mxi my na rie 111 no nil ny pa pe- P? po pu py ra re n ro ru ry sa se si LESSON so 4. su sy ta te ti to tu ty va ve VI vo vu VV wa we Wl wo Wll wy va •• ye y? yo yii*' za ze Zl 2S0 zu zy i;?;-; yi Mi .- 16 THE CANADA Ibex. Jav. King. ! Lion. L.'SSON 0. ab eb ib Ob ttb am em im om nm ac ec ic oc i^c en ih on ad ed id od ud af ef if of uf LrssoN 6. ap op up ar er ir or ur eg as es is OS us al el il ol ul at et it ot ut ( Mo ax ex ix ox iix m ay lio lue he SPELLING BOOK. 17 Monkev. Nuts. Ox. Peach. Lessom 7. • ax am Oil go me so ex of • no he be no ix ye ^my at to lo ox by as up he S^ ux an or ho we So Lesson 8. m so an la if ha ay ox my ye be ax )io it on g<> no us iue we up to us k) he un us em oin um 18 THE CANADA. f 11" Queen, | Rabbit. | Swing. | Tree. re^dinct lessons of two letters. LESSON 1. Is he in. Is he up. Is it so. Do we ofO. Am I to go OL I am to go in. I am to a^o up. Is it so or so. So am I to cro. Is he to ^o in. So do we. As we go. Be it so. So it is. So we go. I do go. I go on. He is in. TV«soN 2. So do we go in. Am I to go up. So is he to go. I am to sfo so. If we do sfo so. n He is to go so. SPELLtNO BOOK. 19 Urn. Vine. Watch. If I am to go. Am I to go so. If we do go up. If ye do go so. So do we do so. No I am to go. Go on as I do go. So is he to go in Ah me it is so.. So do we go on. If he is so to me. II he is so to us. LESiiON 3. LE^^ON 4. So do wc go up. Go up to it so. Go on to it so. Go l)y it to us. Do ye to us so. As I am to go. If ho is up to mo. Go on as we do go. If he is to go. I am to do so. It is to be on. Is it to be so. ■J, kr' i! |5 1 » if .'^ SI . t ;: ;< 20 THE CANADA 1 ^^^^|*jjiUI 1 1 11 i(5r\^' - «™^-^^jjun| 1 V^K^M ^k. \ if^iilSiS K/ ji iillB i\~I i^^Jiy^^-^ — / I feK-ifi 1 l^iD^Ji^ ^^^1 1 J~~^P-^^«yiLr=-— ^> ,^5 ^ i '■^^, SPELLING UOOK^ REA.DING LESSONS OF THREE LETTERS. « LESSON 5. 1 A man. A hat. A boy. A top. A wit. A fan. A bat. A toy. A fop. A pit. A hog. A car. A heiL A hiig. A cot. - LESSON 6. A dog, A bar. A jxjn. A nag. A dot. A wig. A job. A cat. A war. A cow. A gig. A mob A rat. A bar. A sow A jot. A mug, A pig. . A leg. An eye. LEBSON 7. A lot. A jug. A rig. A peg. A pic. A new hat. A now pen. An old sot. A bad boy. A mad dog. An old ox. A fat pig. A new pin. LESSON 8. An old rat. A bad pen. A tin box. A new pot. I can eat an egg. Bid him get my hat. Put it on the peg. Let me get a nap. Our dog got the pig LiCt it now run out. Be not a bad boy. Do not tell a lie. LESSON 9. 1 can not see God, but God can see me : For the eve of God is on me all the datr : And God can see me now, and all I do. LESSON 10. All who sin and do ill, go in a bad way. Let me not go in sin, and do ill : For if I do ill I can not go to God. LESSON II. No man can do as God can do. The way of man is not as the way of God. Let me not go out of thy way, God ! 23 % 21 THE CANADA. t 'I m LESSON 12. ^ Do you ask if you are to die ? / Yes, you and I are to die, and so are all men. But a bad boy can not go to God. LESSON 13. O let me not sin in all 1 say or do. If I see a boy do ill, let me not do so too : For if I do so too, I am as bad as he. 1 SPELLING LESSONS OF FOUR LETTERS. ■ LESSON 25. ^band ^hand cart dark fang gall dart bark gang hall land hart hark hang mall sand mart lark pang pall wand part mark LESSON 26. rang tall hard jest lint barm cash lard best mint farm gash pard lest hint harm hash yard nest dint wai'm lash ward pest tint LESSON 27. rash cast fell bill cull balm fast sell fill dull calm last tell gill full palm past well kill gull lamb vast yell mill LESSON 28. pull bent dust fail fain leek dent gust jail gain meek lent just nail main seek rent must sail pain week Gent rtist rail lain reek bail bait fail fain fair' bawl caul bead beak beam leaf* lean leap meal mean wean year zeal beef been coal coat goat load loaf fool foot good hood hoof x / SPELLING BOOK. ■ lEssoir 39. bail gain hail main pair t^il bait ^ nail rail vail fail hair paid rain vain fain laid pail said wail ffiir' maid pain sail wait LESSON 30. bawl bean deal east heal caul bear dean fear heap bead beat dear feat hear beak dead earn flea heat beam deaf ease LESSON 31. head lead leaf' meat read seam tear le»in near ream sear teat leap neat reap seat veal meal peal rear teal weal mean pear seal LESSON 32. team weak- wean beer deer flee tree year beet feed free weed zeal deed feel heed weep beef deem fees heel bier been deep feet LESSON 33. thee boat coal moan boil loin boot coat road coil soil cool goat roar coin toil doom load roam foil void door loaf toad join LESSON 34. book food fool hook moon root foul foot hoop noon soon four ?ood look pool tool gout lood loop roof wood hour hoof mood room wool pov« / 20 3! 1^ i > THE CANADA ' f i.Kssow 35. ^ rent dawn thaw drew slew «oul draw yawn flew bowl sour fawn ' h ew grew blow your Utxw l)rew , knew brow suit pawn crew LESSON 36. lewd down fowl prow gray prey zest flow bj"ay play they both gown clay pray whey doth groAV dray tray when moth mowa fray grey west noso r READING LESSONS NOT EXCEEDING FOUR LETTERS. LESSON 14. The sun is up, it is time to rise. Get out of bed. Now pray to God. Then wash your lace, and comb your hair. Be a good boy, and do as you are bid. Tiie Lord will keep lliom safe that pray to him. He is nigh to all that call on his name. LESSON 15. The I iord can tell, what is best for you. He will do you jmod if you Iot^c his ways. If a man love God he will keep his laws. Take care what von say lest you tell a lie. He that lies will do many bad acts. Look at tliem who do well and do so too. Be sure to mind them that do well. But keep from all who do ill. LESSON 16. Let us loye the Lord our God with our souls. For he is kind to us and does us good. Take care that you mean what you say to God. And do not mock him wlien you sing or pray. Know that if you mock God he must see it. If the Lord keep us we need fear no harra. * We are Know tj And he The eye Be sure i Let then Mind wl What AV( He will I We musl When th Let not a If boys tl: Let them li^ you lo\' Read wit} When an^ What ho]" You must Be sure a] gland stand brand grand gi'ain tauglit vault vaunt bleach breach ) » SPELLING BOOK. 2r We are sure to be safe if God take care of us. Know that the Lord who made the eye can see. ' ' And he who made the ear can hear. The eye of God is on all them that do ill. LESSON 17. Be sure to help the poor and such as are in need. Let them not want aid when you can help. Mind what you read that you may grow wise. What we knov/ now will be of use to us when old. He will not be wise who coes not mind his book. We must make the best use of our time. When this day is past it will come no more. Let not an hour slip, you have no time to lose. LESSON IS. If boys that sit near you talk to you, mind tliem not. Let them bv that see that you love your book. If you love your book do not look olf from it. Read with care and mind what is said. When any one says lie does not care, What hope can we have that ho will mend. You must not tell lies in play, for it is sin. Be sure all you say is true. The eye of God is upon you.; EXERCISES IN MONOSYLLABLES. LESSON 37. gland plain strain clause stand praise strait fault brand saint straight laugh grand saith twain naught grain stairs caught pause • LESSON 38. taught i vault 1 bread cheat dread breadth clean dream vaunt , breath clear fleam bleach ' brecthe cream grease breach cheap J crease greavo V. 11 . ' •' I < 1 THE CANADA. LESSON 39. heard learn peach hearso leave plead heave mead preach knead meant realm league peace scream LESSON 40. sneak Stream wealth speak swear weave Spear sweat wheat spread teach bleed steam thread breeze LESSON 41. geese sheep sweet green Enee sneeze teeth speech three kneel spleen wheel queer^ street deign LESSON 42. grieve broach choir pierce broad moist shield coach noise thieve hoarse point board throat poise LESSON 43. groom course group dough doubt hound bound drought house bought fought mount brought ground mo wn LESSOJ f 44. proud sound trough rough south touch round though vouch Buouid through would shout tonirh w^oimd \ search sheaf sliear 1.4 sheath •J 1.- smear si. cheek cheer % cheese It ' V fleece 4 freeze eight freight height seize friend blood bloom brood brook goose mouse nought ought ounce pound young youth yield year yeast Tlip snoAi The frost The s:i.|> I Boys 01 1 Of Fix that'i Bo not lo How pni\ See wliGi Take car That mh The sprir The wild And the The lanil The trees Which w The woo( How grea Wlio inak We hear ( O ! What SPELLING BOOK. 329 READING LESSONS OF A RURAL NATURE. SPRING. rht LESSON 19. TIiP snow will sonn be all ironc. The frost is yol in th.c frround. Tho suji rniis from the trees. Boys oiiirlit to work while it runs Fix that tro]i,i;!i or pail rig'ht. Do not loso ;ii]y of the sap. How pure and sweet it is. See wiierc the men l)oil it. Take care liot to set your clothes on fire. That might cause your death. LKSSOX 20. The sprino^ birds are come ! hark, how they sing. The wild leek's are quite 2:i*cen, And the ox and cow feed on tliem. The hmibs p'ny in the field. The trees and shrnlis have now larpre buds, Wliich will soon sprond out into leaves. The woods look- green and ofay. How great and irood must God bf,, Who makes the carlli and all tliinjjs glad. LESSON 21. We hear God's voice in the clouds. ! What a clear flash of I'L^ht. \/\ 30 THE CANADA 'I'll; t I" iii.,/. :| ■!. Boys and i^irls onolit to bn ,'xoocl. Tlic mill conies downi in lar^c drops. It now clofira up and is [\\\i\ Look at God's bow in the cioiids. Its ends seem to touch liic earth. Tho men are out rst tlio plough. They sin:^ whilst they turn up the mould. Tile seed is cast with care on the ,<,n"ound, We hope it will grow, and yield a j^ood crop. LF.SSON 20. You ou2fht to (\\^ and ril^e tliat bed. Still let your vines llicc llie sun. Take care of them \y\w\\ t!iey coinc up. There mi We owA Sec the The wh' The sun The frui You mu The ban Sweet sr The (ran i.et us t; And vio^ Wevvn'll Then w( The fruil You mo; But do i( SPELLINQ BOOK. ^l Now tho brii;]it snn darts his beams, The llock's (iiid herds seek the cool shade. Tho birds hide from the ii;re<'it h.cut. The fruit trees are now in bloom. The meads are thick wilh iifrass. See how tlie scythe cnts it down. The hay smells very sweet. We ought to lielp to make it, if wc have time. o LESSON 21. Sec the coru liow tall and irreeujt is. The wheat and oats wave in tlie wind. The snn is hot, but there is a fine breeze. The fruit will soon be ripe. You must not eat i)-reon fruit. The baro^e skims down the stream. Sweet sounds float on the air. The c*ars beat time to the sounds, i.et us take a walk ncju the shore, And view the boats on thoi^Tcat lake. Wc V\nll now rest in tlio sliade of the oak. Then wc will go iionie llu'ough the j^rove. A U T U IM N LESSON 25. The fruit i.^ now soft and ripe. You may take some and cat. But do lot oat too much. 32 THE CANADA 1 i|'i In that field there is wheat cut down. Bread is nmdc fVom \vli(3at. You should not waste your bread, For some poor boy may be iu want. God makes the wheat and corn grow, And ((ives us all that we need. We ought to pray in our hearts to God, And thank him lor our lil'e and all tlnngs. lESSON 20. The cart groans with the load. The barns nre full of whejit, And hay stacks swcl' the store. See the logs in heaps on th :; new ground. Now they are all set on ilrc. The lire mighl catch your clothes. How soon the trees are all gone. The stumps are yet in the ground, But they will come out in a lew years. Men do not plough new ground. They drag in the wheat with a team. Now they fence it with oak rails. WINTER. LESSON 27. There are now no leaves on the trees, And the birds no more cheer us. The cold haad of the north has bound the earth Thcsti See the CharlcE There Will y( Come ( Where We she It is a c Ring til Draw (J Come 1 Now w Wliy si Or i)li\y Or dies Then 5 And wc The air And th( And sm WORDS aiTns bone blood back boot cap coat clasp 8PCLL1NQ DOOK. 33 The streams and small lakes feel his chain. Sec the boys slide, and the men siiate. > Charles may lejirn next year. There has been a Erreixi tall of snow. Will you take a ride in the sleigh '/ Come Charles, call Jane and Ann. Where are your hats and coats and cloaks. We shall be home at noon. LESSON 28. It is a cold niijht— it snows. Riuf^ the bell, .lohn make a sfood fire. Draw down the blinds -shut to the doors. Come ni and take your scats. Now what are we all to do7 Wliy siuT a psalm or hymn. Or i)li\y your tunes, draw out your maps, Or dress your dolls, or what you will till ^oa. Then .iames 1 shall have a new book for you. And we will get you to read it to us. Tiie air i« (juitc keen — there will be two or three cold nights, And then it will be mild. God is wise and good : And small things, as well as great, shew His skill. WORDS OF ONE SYLLABLE, EXPRESSIVE OF THINGS FAMILIAR TO CHILDREN. LESSON 45. ai-ms brain eye heart nails tongue bone check face joints nose throat blood chin feet lungs ribs thumb back ears hair mouth toes vein LESSON 46. boot cloth gloves lace ring shirt cap cloak hat lawn scarf silk X coat frock hose muff socks sleeve clasp ,^own hood plush shoes stulf 34 THE CANADA. ' LESSON 47. broad crust lamb eggs cream taits cheese beef pork beans tea cakes crum veal Ibwls pease pies trout LESSON 4S. stone joists bolt truiik pan fork brick floor hJllirG box bed plate J-inio door ll^lass stove couch dish roof latch chair pipe sheets sy^.oon beam xcy bench spit quilts Clip stairs bar chest pot knife mug lESSc:; 4!). sun east cnpc bank brook rain moon west cart 1 clay pool snow stars north laud sand pond liail nir south is!o clialk mist frost wind rock hill dirt dev/ ice LKSSON .'0. ash oak slu'ubs honip sage pears bay fir herbs hops t lorn plums beech pine flax reed llJIWS grapes birch vine foi'u rose figs eaf ehn yew grass rue nuts root LESSON 51. York liour Juno then town whence year noon spring now street hence month night aire pa( 1 where thence week march late road hero school day ma/ when LEi Vv^ay ;syN 5.2. there church first ounce thrico rod fifth eight one drachm third four six eighth once brace mile foot sixth nine pound ]iair percli fourth ell ninth twice tiiree pole five yard inch Wl'li lutthi SPELLING BOOK. 35 LESSONS EXEMPLIFYING THE E FINAL. lltS akes LOUt 3rk late iali poon lip img ciin now lail rost ce )cars )linn3 •rapes cat* oot vhenco iciice he lice chool hurch lOrht 1! ghth line until nch LE3S0> r 53. bar bare cap cape din dine fir fire bas base con cone dot dote liar Iiare bid bido cop cope flm fane hat hate bit bite dar dare fat fate her here can cane dat date fin fine Iiid hide LESSON 54. hop hope ma" mare not note rid ride kit kite mit mate pan pane rip ripe lad lado m p mope par pare rob robe mad made no.l node pin pine rod rode man mane nor nox-e rat rate rot rote? LESSON DJ. Earn same tarn taiaC ton tone val vale sir sire ta[) tape top tope vi vile sit site t;ir tare tub tube vin vine sol sole tid til e tun tune vot vote tal tale tim time van vane win wino POETICAL READING LESSON OF ONE SYLLABLE. LESSON 29. What's ri^'-]it and cfood, Now sliow me Lord ; And lead mo by Thy grace and word. Thus shall 1 bo A child of God, And love and 'car Thy hand and rod. Tlicn shall I Icaru To bless atid prize All those that f;trire To make me wise. Give tlianks to thee Who still dost raise V>]) men to tcacli Us thy just ways. AVhilo thus my mind" Is l;cut and mov'd, I may be sure By tiicc I'm lov'd. A(ul wiicu I die Shall go iu peace To sing thy praise, "Which shall ?'ot cease. O I malce me one Of that blcss'd train, And tune mv voice To that swejt strain. '(1 3d THE CANADA PART II. 1!f m iSi .iji^i' ! ]i m SPELLING LESSONS OF TWO SYLLABLES ACCENTED ON THE FIRST. NoTr. — Fignrcs avil Ualinyfm' ihc. jynrposr. of ilirecting Ihc prrmttnciatiottf are avoided — cxjcrkncc having shetvn that ilwy only tend to emboiruas iht learner. The fiyUahlcs are divided vwre with a regard to proj^i vrcnunciatioHf thatt to arbitrary rules, uhick arc above the conij.rchenaiun (f children. Ab-scnce bank-er biic-klo cam-bric ab-bey baii-iier bn< k- er cam-let ac-tor bai}-ish buf-fct can-eel ac-lrcss bant-liiig bii-jjflo can-cer ad-der bn.r-l)or bu - cy can-did am-blo bar-rel bul-l(t can-dic am~bcr bar-ter bill -war If caii-ker am- bush ba- ccr bun -die can-nou an-dior bal-lad bnn-<2:!e can-ton aii-vi. bct-ti;i bun-^r er can-vas {lU-tliem b iin-dor br.r-dcu ca-])er iin-gc b>or-der bnrn-er ca-pon ar-boiir bo-soin buni-i;i^ cap-tain art-fill bri-or ^nr-iiish cap- live art-ist bria'bt-ncss bush-cl cap-ture art-less brirn-nicr bns-tlo card-er ar-iny brim-stone butch-cr caro-fnl ar-ro\r brin,^ cr ],nt-lcr care -less ar-dciit bri-iiy biit-tcr car-rot au-llior bris-t!e but-lre?s car-ry u\v-ful biit-t Cab-ba^^e car-ver ax-is bro-l-:en cab-in cas-tlo Bab-])le bro-kor ca-ble cans-tic bab-blcr bru-ta cac-kle cause-way ba-by bni-tish ca-donce cav-il back-bitG bu];-olc call-ing cc-dar baclw-ward buck-et cal-ioii3 ccil-ing BPELLINQ BOOK. 37 .ES tncintioTif vrrasa tht Hon, thati IC U 1 S n e re r il. ss c way or cel-lar cen-sure ceii-trc cer-tain chal-lenge cham-bcr chang-ing chan-nel chap-el chap-lain chap-let chap-ter charm-ing charm-er char-coal char-ter bhas-ten chat-tels chat-ter cheap-en chcap-ness cheat-er cheer-ful cher-ish cher-ry ches-nut chief-Iy child-hood chil-dren chim-ney chis-el chop-ping churl-ish chnrn-ing ci-der ci-pher cir-cle clas-sic clat-ter clean-ly clear-ness cler-gy clev-er cli-ent cli-mate clos-ct clou-dy clo-vcr clo-ven clown-ish ciiis-tcr cob-web cof-fee cold-ucss col-lar col-lcct col -lege co-loii com-bat come-ly com-et coin-fort I corn-ma com-ment coin-morcc coin-mon com- pass com-rade con-cave con-cert con -cord con-duct con-qnost con-snl con-test con-tract con-trite con-vent con-vert cor-ner cost-ly cot-ton conn-cil conn-sel conn-ty cow-ard crea-ture cred-it crook-cd cru-el cnn-ning cn-rate en r -rant cnr-rent cnr-tain cus-tard cus-tom cnt-ler cyn-ic cy-press Dan-ger dai-ly dai-ry d;im-age dam-ask dam-sel dark-ncss dar-Iinir daz-zle dear-Iy dcar-ness dead-ly dcath-Iess dcbt-or dc-cent de-ist dcl-ngc dic-tate di-et dif-fer dim-ness din-ner dis-cord dis-mal dist-ancc do-er dol-lar do-nor dor-mant doubt-ful dow-er dow-ny dra-per draw-er draw-in Of dread-ful dream-er dri-ver drop-sy dium-mer drinik-ard duel du-ty dwell-ing dy-cr Ea-gle east-er eat-cr car-!y carl!i-en cf-fort ci-lher cl-bow cl-dcr cm-blcm cm-met cm-pire cmp-ty end-less en-tcr 38 THE CANADA -\'n en-try eii-vy e-qnal er-ror -es-say es-seiice e-ven ev-cr e-vil ex-it eve-si i^lit Fa-ble fa-bric fa-cingr fac-tor faith-ful fal-low false-hood fam-ine fam-ish fa-mous fan-cy farm-er far-row far-ther fas-ten fa-tal Ihth-er Iti-voiir favvn-ing fear-fiil feath-cr fee-ble eel-ing feign-ed fel-low fel~on fe-male fer-lile fcr-vent fcs-ter fct-tcr fe-ver fig-uro fi-nal fin-fjer fjn-ish firm-ness fix-ed flan-nel lla-vour flow-cr fol-low fol-ly fool-ish foot-step fore-most fore-head for-est for-mal fort-night for-time found-er foiin-tain fowl-er fra-grant friend-ly frier- ate fros-ty fro-ward fruit-ful fur-nnce fiir-nish fur-row fur-ther fu-ry fus-ty fer-tilo Gal-Ion gal-lop gam-ble game ster gan-dcr gar-den gar-ment gar-ncr gar-ret gath-er gcn-dcr gen-tile gcn-tle gen-try ges-tiire gluist-ly gi-ant gib-bet gild-er gim-let gin-ger gir-dle girl-ish giv-er glad-den glad-ncss glim-mer glo-ry glut-ton gnash-ing gold-en gos-ling gos-pel gou-ty grace-ful gram-mar gran-deur gras-sy gra-zing grea-sy great-ly gree-dy grect-jng • griev-ance groan-ing gro-eer grot-to ground-less guilt-less gun-ncr gus-set Uab-it hail-stone hai-ry lial-ter ham-let ham-per hand-ful hand-maid hand-somo han-dy hang-er hang-ings hap-pen hap-py har-bour Iiar-den harm-less . har-ness liar- vest hat-ter hate-ful lia-trcd haugh-ty hauDt-ed haz-ard he;il-ing licar-ing heark-en heart-en hea-then heav-en SPELLING BOOK. .90 laid » omo he-brew liel-mot Iielp-er herb-age lierds-man lier-mit lie\v-er Iiigh-iicss hil-lock hin-der I lire- ling hog-gish liogs-head hoi -la lid ho] -low lio-ly Iioiii-age homc-ly hoii-cst hon-our liopo-fiil hor-rid hor-ror J lost -age host-v.ss hos-tile hot-hoaso hour-ly house-hold hii-inaia Iium-ble huu-gcr huut-cr hurt- ful lius-ky hys-sop I-cy i-dicr i-dol im-age in-cense ill-come iii-dcx iii-fliiit ink-stand in-let in-mate in-most in-quost ill-road in-scct in-sult in-sight in -stance in-stant in-step in-to in -voice i-ron is-sue i-tem Jail-or jan-gle jar-gou jas-per jeal-ous jel-ly jcst-cr jew-cl iin-2:le •I "-^ join-cr join-ture jour-nal jour-ney joy-ail ju'dg-mcn jui-cy ju-ry jiis-tice Keep-cr ker-nel kct-tle ' Ivcy-hole kid-ney kin-die Icind-ness la'ng-dom kitcli-eii ]aia-vish kneel -ing know-ing Lad-der ki-ding ki-dy land-lord land-mark lan-guage lan-giiid laugh -tci la\7-ver lead-en Ica-ky learn-in'^ leath-er length-en lewd-ness li-bel li-ccnse life-less lifdit-nins: lim-bcr lim-it li-quid li-quor liz-ard lob-by joi-ter loose-ncss love-ly loy-al Insr-ffas:© lurti-bcr lus-tre Ma-jor mam-mon man-date man-drake maii-ger man-gle man-ner nia-ny ma-ple niar-"-in mar-tyr mas-tei inea-ly mean-ins: meas-uro med-dle meek-ness ineni-ber mend-ing mcr- chant mcr-cy mcs-sage mid-night mil-ler mim-ic min-gle mir-ror mis-chief mix-ture mod-el mod-ern mod-est mois-ture mo-ment mon-kcy mon-ster mouth-ly /y 40 THE CANADA 'I'l '1 ' 1 1 Wi mor-fil mor-tal moth-er jno-tive move-ment moun-taiii mourn-ful mouth-ful miul-dy irur-der mur-miir mush -room mii-sic mus-ket mus-tard mut-ton muz-zle myr-tle mys-tic Na-kcd name-less nar-row iia-tive naiigli-ty neat-ncss need-fill nee-die neigh-bour nei-ther ner-vous nig-gard nim-ble nip-pers no-ble non-age non-sense non-suit nos-tril noth-ing no-tico nov-el num-ber nnrs-er nut-meg Oak-cu ob-ject of-fer office off-spring old-cr ol-ive o-men on-set o-pen op-tic or-der or-chard or-gaii o-ral ot-tcr o-ver out-cast out-most out- ward ox-en Pack-age pack-et pad-d'o pa-gan paiu-ful paint-ing pale-ncss pfin-ic pan -try pa-pcr par-boil par- eel parch-ing par-don pa-rent par-ley par- lour partner par-ty pas-sage pass-port pas-ture pay-ment ped-lar pee-vish pen-man peo-ple per-jure per-son pert-ncss pct-ty plii-al phys-ic piC'-kie pic-ture pie-ces pinch-ing pi -rate pitch-er pla-ces plain-tiff plan-et plant-er play-er pleas-ant plu-mage plump-ness plun-der plu-ral ply-ing pock-et po-et poi-son pol-ish pomp-ous pop-py post-age pos-ture po-tcnt pot-ter poul-try pound-agt pow-er pow-der prac-tice prais-er prat-tler pray-er preach-ei pre-cept pref-ace prel-ate prel-udo pres-age pres-ence priest-hood pri-mate prin-cess pri-vate prob-lem pro-duce pro-duct prof-fer prof-it prog-ress pro-Iogue prom-ise proph-et pros-per pros-trate proud-ly prowl-er pry-ing pru-dence psal-mist SPELLING COOK. 41 pub-lie reb-ol saf-fron seii-tencQ pub-lish re-cent sail-or se-quel pud-ding reck-ou sal-ad ser-mon pul-let rec-tor salm-on ser-pent pul-pit rest-less salt-ish er-vice pun-ish - rib-and sam-ple shad-ovv pure-iiess rich-ness san-dal shal-low pur-pose ri der san-dy shame-ful pu-trid ri-fie san-giiino shape-less puz-zle right-ful sap-ling sharp-eu Qua-kcr ri-ot sap-py shat-tcr quar-rel ri-val sat-in shear-ing qua-ver riv-er sa-tire shcl-ter queer-ly riv-et sav-nge shep-lierd quick-en roar-ing sau-cer shil-ling qui-et rob-ber sausage ship-wrec <: quin-sy roU-er saw-yer shock-ing quo-rum roo-my say-ing shov-el quo-ta ro-sy scab-bard show-er Rad-ish rot-ten * scaf-fold shut-ter raf-ter round-ish scan-dal sick-ness rai-ment roy-al scar-let sig-nal rain-bow rnb-ber scat-ter si-lence ral-ly rub-bish schol-ar si>;-ow ram-ble rud-der sci-cnce sin-ful ran-don* rude-ness scof-fer sing-ing ran-kle ruf-lie scorn-ful sin-g e ran-som rug-ged scrib-ble si"-ner rap-id ru-in scrip-turo Si-rcn rap-ture ru-ler scru-ple sis-tor rash-ness run-ning sculp-ture sit-ting rath-er rus-tic seam-less skil-fii rat-tie rus-ty sea-sou si an -der raw-ness Sab-bath se-cret sla-vish ra-zor sa-bre see-ing sleop-er read-er sack-cloth seem-iy slip-per re-al sad-den sell-er slop-py reap-er sad-die sen-ate sloth-^iW rea-son safe-ly sense-less slug-gard m THE CANADA iS ij I; 1. '- Iri^,;: it slum-ber smell -iijg- smug-gle «inut-ty sueak-ing sol-ace soi-cmii sol-id aor-did sor-iow sor-ry sot-tish soiiiid-ness spar-kle .spar-row spat-tcr spcak-er speech-less spee-dy spin-die «piii-ner *?pir-it spit- tie .s])ile-fiil splint-er spo-L'en sport-ing spot-less sprin-kle spiin-gy squan-der squeam-ish sta-ble tam-mer sta-ple stat-ure 8tead-fast stee-ple steer-age sti-llo still-ness stiii-gy stir-riip slom-Mch sto-iiv m stor-my sto-ry striek-en stri-kiiig stub-born stii-dcnt sub-joct SLic-cour suf-fer siil-lcn siiin-incr simi-nions sun-dny siip-pcr siirc-ty sur-feit siuMianie siir-plice swal-low swar-thy swcar-ing sweep-ing swect-cn swell-in g sys-tem Ta-ble ta-leiit tal-low tal-ly tame-ly ta-per tar-dy tar-tar taste-leL<'s tat-tle taw-ny tail-or teni-per tein-pest leni-pie tempt er thank-fid tiiaw-ing I here-fore thick-et Ihink-ing thirs-ty thnrs-day til-lafi^e tim-bcr tin-der ti-tle t^r-ment to-tal tow- el I own- ship trea-son trea-tise tri-umph troop-cr trn-ant tnes-day tu-lip tur-key tur-nip tu-tor twi-light ty-rant Um-pire un-cle u-sage ush-er iit-most un-dcr up-right iip-wards iise-fnl Va-grant vain-ly val-ley van-fjnish varn-ish ven-turo ver-dant ver-dict ves-try vic-tor vir-gin vir-tue vom-it voy-agc vnl-gar Wa-fer walk-er wal-nut wash-ing wa-ver way-Wcird wea-ken weath-er wea-pon weep-ing weigh-ty wel-fare wheat-en whis-per whis-tle whole-some wick-ed wid-ow will-iiig vind-wj win-ter wis-dom wit-ness vvit-ty READING I A ]oi A lo^ A fei A fr A ve A sil- A wi The A lea A gla A rap Thai A de\ A ho\ SPELLING BOOK. 43 wind-ward win-ter wis-dom wit-ness \,vit-ty wo-ful won-der wor-ship wrong-rul Year-iy yd -low yeo-maii yuiider young-cr young-cst youth -ful Zeal-ot zeal-ous zeii-ith ze-phyr * ." RURAL SCENERY ike. READING LESSONS LN WORDS NOT EXCEEDING TWO SYLLABLES. A lone-ly hut. A love-ly seat. A fer-tilo vale. A fruit-ful field. A ver-dant lawn. A sil-ver stream. A wind-incr brook. rs The bi-ting frost. LESso:?f L A leaf-y grove. A glas-sy lake. A rap-id riv-er. The bit-ter blasts. A dew-y morn. Ahowl-ing lem-pest. A fros-ty nig] it. A gen-tlo rain. A whist-ling wind A beat-ing storm. A lof-ty spire. A bar-ren waste. A large gar-den. LESSON 2. A sul-try day. The ri-sing hill. The dri-vins: sleet. A heav-y shov/-er. A strong gale. A pure foun-tain. ;if( - v^ .•i: ,.'J If m n '•> 44 THE CANADA A no-blc man-sion. A hil-ly coiui-try. The rii-ral wulk. A line or-chcird A rich pas-ture. A swell-ing toMeiit. Tl c bUght-inor wind 5^. TI e Ira-irrant ilow-ers. rii riic sab-bath bell. LESSON 3. A cool-ing breeze. A win-ter's eve. A fmo nicrht. An a-crcd oak. A hard win-ter. The iof-ty pine. The bleat-ing sheep. The din-ner horn. A sum-mer morn. A gloo-my day. A pleas-ant ride. The scent-ed herbs. n^ rr r\\(i low-ing kine. ri.e wind-hig ])«ith. TIio hoi -low tree. The fruit-ful field. Tlie lol'ty hil). A love-ly jaunt. A fine pros-poet. The red squir-rol. An A-])ril show-er. A cloud-less sky. A wcep-ing wil-!'»w. A fruit-ful au-tumn. THE COW, d:c. Note. — Some teachers, in order to excite cnivlatimi, ■piU tlivlr schotars icad in classes ; and, for the convenience of sucliy the following Lasoiwi are vided by figures into small portions. LESSON 4. 1. If you are ver-y good, and say your les-sons well tiiil morn-ing, we will, if it keeps fine, go in-to the gar-deij where you shall help me to sow some flow-er seeds, anj »ooK at the man who is work-ino^ there. S. Yf for your are ve-r^ 3. Tl be ripe c make nii the Com fresh mi 4. Cu; milk; I food, if V 5. Ln,<^ see the li moth-ers take thei sup-per. 6. But the field ish their of man. 7. He vide wel e-nough its moth- 8. Th is of gren made, bi the poor ma-ny of 0. Far know ho their farn will find and noth- 4t 8PET,LINa BOOK. 46 lliclr .scholars 2. Yon can al-so look at the cook, who is' get-ting peas for your (lin-ncr, which you, and your brolh-ers and sis-ters are vc-ry fond of. 3. The clier-rics be-gin to look vo-ry red, and will soon be ripe e-nough to mix with the cur-rants, when they will make nice tarts for sup-per, with a lit-tle new milk from the Cow, from whom we may have ma-ny good things; fresh milk, rich cream, nice bnt-tcr and cheese. 4. Cus-tards, and most kinds of pud-dings, are made with milk ; I cau-not tell what chil-dren would do for prop-er food, if we had not Cow's milk. 5. Last sum-mer, you know, how pleas-ed you were to see the lit-tle calves play-ing a-bont in the fields with their moth-crs, though you thought, when you saw them go to take their moth-ers' milk, they woul i not leave you a-ny sup-per. 6. But, my dear, the good God who gave the beasts of the field for our use, also gave them tlie means to nour- ish their yonng, and yet have e-nough to spare for the use of man. 7. He who has made noth-ing in vain, took care to pro- vide well for both man and beast ; for when tlie calf is old e-nough to feed on the grass, it does not want so much of its moth-er's milk. 8. The calf has no wool on, like the sheep, but the skin is of great use, and made in-to leath-er, of which shoes are made, bind-ings for books and oth-er things ; so you find the poor beasts are of use e-ven af-ter they are dead, for ma-ny of them give us both food and rai-meiit. 9. Farm-ers should use their cat-tie khid-!v, for I do not know how they could do with-out them in tlie cul-tme of their farms, or find food for their wives and chil-dren. You will find dai-ly, as you read, that all God's works are good, and noth-inor is made in vain. i I %. m'^i 46 THE CANADA THE BEES, c^c. LF.SSON y. 1. I -w^as Gflnd to see yon, my dear o;irl. so miic]i plras-ed last niirlit with the oood ianii-( r, niid his daiiirh-tcr who gave you such nice Iruit and new milk. Ihnv sweet it seem-cd af-ter your wallc, to sit down and en-joy such a sum-mer re-past. 2. While the wcath-er is fmc, we will often, nf-ter you have read your book, arl done well at your noe-dle, go and see Miss JMay, who keeps her fath-cr's house, and t(,uids the poul-try. 3. You know she told you she would jrive you a pair of pret-ty chick-ens, and 1 will bny two or throe more, then you shall feed and take care of ihem at home. 4. She also told you she would shew you the bees tne next time you went, and you should, at the prop-er sea-son, see them take a hive. AVluit a pit-y it is, that for the sake of their hon-ey, ma-ny of the poor bees ar^ kill-cd, af-ter they have work-ed so hard, and toil-cd so long, to cull the sweets from flow-ers and herbs. 5. Poor thino^s, it is IhutI thnt a-ny of them should suf-fer for giv-ing such rich and use-ful food for man. Somp years a-go, al-most all the bees in a hive wore kill-cd, when it was to be ta-ken for the salce of the lion-ey. 6. But of Into years, a mcth-od has been found of ta-king; the hon-ey from the hives, with-out caus-ing the death of so ma-ny usc-ful in-sects whicli may ^'"e to gath-er more s^veets, and lake to some oth-er hiv' plras-ed -ter Avho sweet it Y such a f-ter yoii ic, go and t(?nds the a pair of ore, then bees tne r sea-son, ■ the sake cd, af-ter 3 cull the lid suf-fer >mp years when it Df ta-king death of i-er more SPELLING noOlC. 47 7. You must be care-ful when you c^o near where bee- hives are, for, if you play a-bout and trou-ble tlie bees, as they go in and out, thiy will stiiio; you, and their stiii<( is near-ly as bad as that of a wasp ; and I siip-])ose you will uot soon fur-get tiic wasp whicli stung you the otii-er day. THE FARM YARD. LESSON G. 1. When we v/ere Avalk-ing late-ly, you seeni-ed ve-ry much to ad-mire the nice pea-cock which was spread-ing its g;au-dy tiiil to the sun. 2. It look-ed ve-ry liand-some, but you must not b^^ ta- ken with out-side beau-ty, for were you to licar it scream, you would won-der so pret-ty abird could make so harsh u noise. 3. The ducks, the orcese, and the chick-ens, nm all rnncTi bet-ter to eat than tliat fine bird which walks a-bout the yard so proud-ly ; some-times tlie poa-chicks arc kill-ed when youning but , in slu^h THE LAMBS, ro-mu]ge re-lit mis-lead per-spire pro-nounce re-flect 1 ;> ' ■■1 ':V! :•. mis-name per-suade pro-pel re-flow ■: '!^''-.l mis-place per-tain pro -pose re-form mis-print per-vade pro-pound re-tract 1^-. . mis-rule per-verse pro-rogue re-frain W: mis-take per-vert pro-tect re-fresh "#;vt;- mis-trust pe-ruse pro-test re-fund ■iV ; i' mo-lest pos-sess pro-tract re-fuse mm mo-rose post-pone pro-truda rc-fute SPBLLINQ BOOK. 57 r©-gain re-gale re-gard re-gret re-near re-ject re-joice re-join re-lapse re-late re-lax re-lay re-lease re-lent re-lief re-lieve re-light re-ly re-main re-man (1 re-mark re-mind re-miss re-morse re-mote re-move re-mount re-new re-nounce re-nown re-pair re-past i re-pay j re-peal j re-peat re-pel re-pent re-pine re-place re-plete re-ply re-port re-pose re-press re-prieva re-print re-proach re-proof re-prove re-pulse re-pute re-quest re-quire re-quite re-scind re-serve re-sign re-sist re-solve re-store re-tain re-tard re-tire re-treat re-turn re-venge re-vere re- vile re-volt re-volve re- ward ro-mance Sa-lute se-clude se-cure se-date se-duce se-lect se-rene se-vere sm-cere sub-due sub-join sub-lime submit sub-seri'; sub-side sub-tract sub-vert suc-ceed suf-fice sup-ply sup-port sup-pose sup-press sur-roimd sur-vey sus-pend sus-pense There-with tor-ment tra-duce trans-act trans-fer trans-form trans-gress trans-late trans-mit trans-plant trans-pose trus-tee Un-bend un-bind un-bolt un-bought un-bound un-chain un-close iin-do un-done un-dress un-fair un-fold un-hinge un-hook un-jus^ un-knox?Ti un-lace un-like un-load un-lock mi-man im-mask un-paid un-ripe un-seen un-say un-shod un-sound un-spent un-stop un-taught un-tie un-irue un-twist un-wise un-yoke up-braid up-hold n-surp Where-as with-al with-in with-draw witli-hold Avith-out with-stand Your- self Ifk 5 I f •6 THE CANADA INSTRUCTI7K LESSONS IN WORDS NOT EXCEEDING TUBEB SYLLABLES. OF OUR CREATOR, ifcc. 1^^ !r', LF.SSOiV 21. I 1. Our pa-rents are very good to us, but God is bet-ter tluui our pii-ronts, and lie has done more for u:. He gave na our i)a-rents and ev-e-ry thing we have. 2. He made the sun, moon, and stars ; the earth, and the sky ; wa-lcr, trees and flo\v^-ers ; birds and bctists, fish-es and m-sects ; and men, wo-men and chil-dren. 3. He has made us more ex-cel-lent than the beasts, for he has oiv-cn us a soul. It is our soul that knows God, and that lie is good, and wise, and pow-er-ful. The beasts do not know God, nor the things which he has made ; if we were to teil them, they would not un-der-stand us. 4. Our souls learn and know a great ma-ny things which tlie ioeasts can-not learn. Our ho-dies will die, and when we are laid m the grave, worms will de-stroy our flesh, and our bones will crum-ble into dust. But our souls are im-mor- tal, they can nev-er die. 5. God or-dors ev-e-ry thinw-. He keeps us a-live, and he makes us die when he pleas-es. There is noth-iiig which he can-not do. He sees us wherc-e-ver we are, by nighi as wdl as by day; and he knows a-ll that we do and say and think. There is noth-inof which he does not know. i.*fe^ THE BIBLE, (fcc. LE6S0N 12. 1. We must love to read the bi-ble; it is the most ex-ceV lent and beau-ti-ful of all books. — God him-self com-mand- ed good men to write it. There we read of all the great and ^ood things God has done for us, and for all peo-ple; how just, and wise, and pow-er-ful he is; and what we must do to serve and please hira. SPELLING BOOS. G9 IIE£B 3 bet-ter le gave and the h-es aiul ts, for he fod, and ts do not ) were to TS which ^vhen we , and our im-mor- e, and he cr which nighi as say and Iv. St ex-ceV im-mand- great and pie; how ; must do 2. There too we read of Christ, the Son of God, who camo bi-to the world to save sin-ners, such as wc all are by na-turo and prac-tice. — He was gen-tle and pa-tiont when he was Irou-bled and ill-used; he was kind to all per-sons, e-ven to them who were un-kind to him ; and when wick-od men were just go-ing to kill him, he pray-cd to his Fath-er to for- give them. 3. When we have road, or lieard a-bout Christ, who he was, and what great tliiiiirs ho has done for us, we oucrht to love him, and bo thank-ful to him. and try to he like him. 4. Make liaste to learn to read, and try to un-der-stand the mean-ing of what you read; lovo to Imra your du-ty and to do it; then you will be a-hlo to rood the hi-hle, and you will love to read it. There are ma-ny things in it whic^h you can nn-der-staud now, thouirh you arc so young. When you are old-er and wi-ser you will uri-dor-stanri it bet-tor: mid, if you are good, you will de-light in it more and more. DISOBEDIEINCE. LE980N 13. 1. Chil-dren should al-\vays do what their pa-rents or teach-ers de-sire them; nei-ther should they re-fuse till they have rea-son from them for what they are l: tween the ears, with the large end of a whip, which was like-ly as pain-ful to them, as il would be to ox-en to strika them on the horns. 7. Now, all such con-duct as this shews plain-ly the ab- sence of a hu-mane tem-per. Nev-er trust yoiu:-self in tho pow-er of a per-son who can thus a-buse dumb beasts, foi he would most like-ly ill use hu-nxan be-ings if they cross- ed his de-signs, and he could do so with e-qual safe-ty to his per-son. 8. God takes care for ox-en. and he no doubt marks the man or boy, who. from ca-price, bad-ly ex-erts a pow-er with which he proves un-fit to be trust-ed. It is the du-ty of all to be 2:en-tle in their con-duct, and to o^ive those creji- lures that de-pend up-on them a prop-er degree of food, to pre-pare shel-ter from the ex-treme cold of win-ter, and to see that, m all re-s]:)ects, they are kind-ly ttvken care oi. ^'M! PRAYER. LESSOR 16. Ero the morn-ing's bu-sy ray pall you to your work a- way; Ere the si-lent eve-ning close T con-ti-non* eon-tra-ry 66 0' n .f ( \^.^ t cor-pu-lence^ cost-li-ness cov-e-nant cov-et-ous coun-sel-lor coun-te-naiice coun-tcr-feit coun-ter-part coun-ter-pane court-e-sy craft-i-ly cra-zi-ness cred-i-ble ci'cd-it-or cxcd-u-lous ci'im-in-al crit-i-cise crit-i-cism Gi'oc-o-dile cru-ci-fy cu-cum-ber cul-pa-ble cul-ti-vate ciim-ber-some ciir-so-ry cus-to-dy cyl-in-der Dain-ti-ly de-cen-cy dec-o-rate ded-i-cate def-er-eiice def-in-ite del-e-gate del-i-cate dem-a-gogno dep-re-cate dep-u-ty der-o-gate aiosle pi maor-ni-tiide mur-d(?r-er par-a-dise 1 ^' inain-te-nance inus-cu-lar par-a-gon 1 pr man-i-fest niii-ta-ble j)ar-a -iel 1 P^ nian-i-fold Miu-til-ate par-ri-cide 1 ^^^ .nan-li-ness mii-ti-nv pas-sen-ger 1 P' maii-u-script niu-tu-al pnss-o-ver pr inar-!c;in-al ni3^s-te-ry jiau-ci-ty pr mar-in-er Nar-ra-tive peace-a-bl« pr mar-i-time nat-u-ral peas-aiit-ry pr mar-tyr-dom nav-i-aate pec-u-late pr( mar-vol-loiis nau-se-ate pcn-al-t}^ pr( mtLS-cu-liiio need-ful-ly peii-e-trate pr( tnas-sa-cre neg-a-tive pen-i-tence . pre mcd-i-ca ncg-li-geiit pen-u-ry pre med-i-cine iioni-in-ate per-fi-dy pre med-i-tate no-ta-ble j-)er-fo-rate pu mel-o-dy no-ti-fv per-il-ous pu- inem-o-iy nul-li-ty per-ju-ry pui mer-chan-dize nu-nier-ous per-ma-nent ,.,•♦ pui mcr-ci-fii Ob-du-rate pes-ti-lcnce pu- mcs-sen-ger ob-lo-quy pet-u-lence Ji pu- might-i-^y ob-so-lete pleas-ant-ry iff Qu miii-er-al ob-sta-cle pi-e-ty ,!)1 qua miii-is-ter ob-stin-atf plaus-i-ble qua mir-a-cle ob-vi-ate plen-i-tude • o que mis-chiev-oii8 oc-cu-py pli-a-ble ' 'U Rad mis-cre-aiit o-dor-oiis pol-i-cy i ■■nji rail- mis-e-ry op-er-ate pon-der-ont ' ..^ ran- mit-i-gate op-po-site pop-u-latoe 1i rar-i ePELLIlTO BOOK. « pop-u-lar pop-u-lous port-a-ble pos-i-tive pos-si-ble po-ten-tate pov-er-ty prac-ti-cal pre-ce-dent pre-ci-pice prcf-er-ence pre-ju-dice prcs-i-dent prot-ti-ly pri-ma-ry prim-i-tive priii-ci-pal priii-ci-plc priv-i-lege prob-able prom-in-ent prop-er-ty proph-e-cy pros-e-cute pros-e-lyte pros-per-ous pub-lic-ly pu-er-ile pimc-tu-al pun-gen-cy pu-ri-fy pu-tre-fy Q,uad-ni-ped qual-i-fy quan-ti-ty quer-u-lous Rad-i-cal rail-le-ry ran-cor-oiis rar-i-ty rat-i-fy read-i-ness re-al-ize re-cog-nize re-com-pence re-con-cile rec-ti-fy rcc-ti-tudc re-gen-cy ro-fatu)-ly pro-fess-or pro-lbiin(My pro-l'iiso-ly pro-uTf.ski-ive pro-iiih-if. pro-niul-i^^ato pro-po-sal pro-tect-or prii-don-tial pii-trcs-ccnco Q,iii-os-ceiit qnint-es-scnce Re-ci-tal Tc-ceiv-er re-cov-cr rc-cum-beiit o-dcem-er e-dun-daut ..o-finc-inent re-frcsh-ment re-ful-gcncc re-fii-sal re-gard-lcss re-leut-less ^ THK CANADA rc-li-aiico re-l in finish rc-Iuc-tancc rc-niain-der rc-iiu'iu-hcr re-ini;m-branco r(3-niiss-ly iv-iU(iii-strato re-iiiorso-less rc-Diotu-ly rc-inov-al ro-n(!\v-al re-];ay-uu!iit re-))cnt-ancc replrn-ish r«'-proach-rul rn- })nL:"-iiJi.iico r(>(|iii-tal rc-sein-l)lance ro-soiit-tul re-stnit-iiieut re-sist-<>,iico re-spcct-fnl re-splea-dcnt res-j)on-sivo re-tcn-live re-tiiv-nient rc-veno-o-fiil re-vi-val ro-niau-lic Sar-cas-tic sa-tir-ic sc-cure-ly sc-date-ly Sep-tcm-ber se-raph-ic se-rcne-ly se-vere-ly sin-cere-ly so-journ-er so-li-cit so-iio-roiis siib-liin«-ly suh-niis-sivo sub-scri-ber sub-sist-enco sub-ver-sive SUC'COSS-f'lll su-pine-Iy sup-])ort-'jr su-prenio-ly siir-ren-der snr-vcy-or Toi'-rii'-ic to-gclh-er tor-nient-or Irans-con-dcii trans-pa-rent tri-nni-])hant ty-ran-nic Un-iud-ed un-bonnd-ed nn-bro-kcn nn-cer-tain un-com-nion nn-dannt-ed uii-donbt-ed nn-ea-sy un-e-qual un-e-ven ini-faitb-fnl un-fcel-ing nn-liiend-ly un-gratc-ful un-liai)-py ini-heal-tliy un-ho-ly un-learii-ed un-ni-ly im-just-ly ttn-kini nn-lttw un-mar nn-min un-qui- im-skil- un-sta-1 im-thai] WOR Ab-sen-1 RC-qui-es ad-ver-ti am-bus-( ap-per-ta ap-pre-h( ar-ti-saa as-sig-n-e Car-a-va co-a-lesc( co-m.cid( com-plai- €om-pre- con-de-sc con-nois-! Gon-tra-d counter- eoun-tcr De-com-j dis-a-o-rce dis-al-lovv dis-ari-nn_ dis-ap-pea dis-ap-poi dis-ap-pro dis-a-vo\v dis-be-lief SPELLING BOOK. 75 un-kind-ly un-lttw-ful un-man-ly un-mind-ful un-qiii-et im-skil-ful un-sta-ble nn-thank-ful un-timc-ly iin-com-mon un-wil-liiig un-v/ise-ly un-wor-thy u-surp-cr u-ton-sil Vice-go-rcnt viii-dic-tivQ What-cv-cr wlicn-ev-cr whoro-ov-cr wc'Jl-wish-er W0ll-l)(3-illg wlio-cv-cr WORDS OF THREE SYLLABLES, ACCENTED ON THE LAST SYLLABLE. -cd fill -ly tiul liiy -ed Ab-sen-tee RC-qiii-esce ad-vcr-tisc am-b US-cade ap-per-taiu ap-pre-hend ar-ti-saii as-sign-ee Car-a-vaii co-a-lesce co-in-cide com-plai-sance eom-pre-hend con-de-scend con-nois-seur con-tra-dict counter-act coun-tcr-mand De-com-pose dis-a-grcc dis-al-low dis-an-nul dis-ap-pear dis-ap-point dis-ap-prove dis-a-vow dis-be-lief dis-be-lievo dis-coni-poso dis-coii-ccrt dis-con-tent dis-eii-Q:a?G dis-Iui-l)ille dis-iii-cliiiG dis-o-blige dis-pos-s"06S dis-re-i(;u'd . dis-rcs-pect dis-u-nitc EQ-o;iii-oer eii-tcr-taiu eiMidito et-i-quettc ev-er-niore Gas-coii-ade giitir-au-tee Hero-to-fore here-nn-to Im-mu-ture im-pov-tune in-com-mode in-com-plete in-cor-rect in-dc-vout in-di-rcct jiM.lis-croet iii-(lis-|'Oso iu-distiuct iji-ex-p(?rt iii-so-curc in-siu-ccro in-so-iniich iii-tcr-cecio in-tor-ccpt i]i-tt:r-clit»iigc in-ter-dict iii-tor-fero iii-tor-iiiix iii"ter-])ose iii-tcr-rupt iu-ter-spcrso iu-tor-veiie iu-tro-diice 1 ieg-a-tee ]MaGf-a-ziiiG mis-Lip-] )ly mis-bc-lKU'o mis-em- ploy mis-iii-fonn momi-taiu-eor Op-por-tunc I fp4 •M-i i: rr o-vei-come o-ver-fiow o-ver-load o-ver-look o-ver-seer o-ver-throw o-ver-turn o ver-whelm Tal-i-sado pat-en-tee per-se\ere pi-o-neer pic-tu-resque pre-dis-pose pre-ma-ture pre-pos-sess THE CANADA 3. H sons w Quar-an-tine im-con-cem does Hi Re-as-sunie im-cre-ate when re-col-lect iin-der-neath dumb re-com-mence im-der-stand speak, ref-u-gee un-der-take those a re-im-burse iin-fore-seen care no re-in-state un-de-ceive 4. H rep-ar-tee iKi-der-hand hay, an rep-re-sent iin-der-go times, I rcp-ri-mand Tin-dor-mine amongs rcs-er-voir lui-der-rate them, 1 Sub-di-vide iin-po-lite the li'ttl su-per-fine "VVhere-iin-to chief There-un-to Avhere-iip-on 5. II Un-a-warcs where-with-n] or med un-be-lief father's ^* * * K^ V/ X A \./ ik gather J tells a 1 INSTRUCTIVE LESSONS IN WORDS NOT EXCEEDING THREE SYLLABLES. THE GOOD BOY. LESSON 1. 1. The good boy loves his parents very dearly. Hg always minds whiit tliey say to him, and tries to please them. If they desire him not to do a tiling he docs it not ; if they desire him to do a thing he does it. When they deny him what he wants, he docs not ofrnmble, or pout out his lips, or look angry ; but he thinks tliat his parents know what is proper for him better than he does, because they are wiser than he is. 2. He loves his teachers, and all who tell him what is good. He likes to read, and to write, and to learn som(v thinof new ev-e-ry day. He is kind to his brothers and sisters, and all his little play-fcl-lows. He never fighta nor quarrels with them, nor calls them names. When he sees them do wrong he is «ori7, and tries to persuade them 10 do better. and sa) and no G. W he has son to solves ( and tru him. 7. H( God, tf rents or house i1 when h sermon, if there person ' veil of SPELLING BOOK. 77 G THREE 3. He does not speak rudely to any one. If he sees per- sons who are lame, or crooked, de-form-ed, or very old, he does not laugh at them, or mock them; but he is glad when ho can do them any service. He is kind even to dumb creatures; for he knows that though they cannot speak, they can feel as well as we do ourselves. Even those an-i-mals which he dues not think pretty, he takes care not to hurt. 4. He likes very much to see the birds pick up bits of hay, and moss, and wool, to build their nests with. Some- times, he looks about in tlic bushes, and in the trees, and amongst the grass, for birds' nests ; but when he has found them, he only just peeps at them ; he would rather not see the little birds, than frighten them, or do them any mis- chief. 5. He never takes any thing that does not belong to him, or meddles with it without leave. When he walks in his father's garden, or orchard, he does not pull flowers, or gather fruit, unless he is told that he may do so. He never tells a lie. If he has done any mischief he con-fess-es ff, and says he is very sorry, and will try to do so no more ; and no person can be angry with him. G. When he lies down at night, he tries to re-col-lect all he has been doing and learning in the day. If he has rea- son to reproach himself with im-prop-er conduct, he re- solves on a-mend-ment and prays for divine as-sist-ance ; and trusts that God, who is so good, will love and bless him. 7. He Ivccps holy the sabbath day. He loves to pray to God, to hear and read about him ; and to go with his pa- rents or friends to cliurch. He re-mcm-bers that in G'od's house it is wrong to stare around him. He knows that when he prays he speaks to God, and that wlien lie hears a sermon, God spcalcs to him. He never sits at prayer, but, if there is room, he always kneels, or else stands. Ev-e-i / person who knovv^s tliis good boy loves him, and speaks veil of liim, and is kind to liim ; and he is very happy. *. T8 THE CANADA .f. } IW f. Kf*;! ■*i.. !!& THE GOOD BOY, WHOSE PARENTS ARE RICH, &c. LESSON 2. i 1. The good boy, whose parents are rich, has fine clothes to wear ; aiid he rides on a pretty little horse, and in a fine carriage ; and he has servants, sometimes, to wait on him : hut lie does not, for all that, thhik that he is bet- ter than other boys whose parents are not rich ; because all the people in the world have pro-ceed-ed from ono fam-i-ly. 2. He knows tliat all rich people are not so good as many who are poor ; and that God gives a great deal of money, or otlier pro]>er-ty, to some persons, in order that tiiey may assist those wlio have little or none, as well as to promote re-li-gions olvjects. 3. He speaks very kindly to all his father's servants. He does not require them to w^ait U[)on him when they are at their meals, or very busy. If he wants them to do him a service, whicli he cannot do himself, he asks them pret- ti-ly ; and thanks them for what they do for him. 4. He never cfives the servants anv trouble that he can avoid ; therefore he is careful not to make any dirt in the liousc, and not to break any thing, or put it out of its place, and not to tear his clothes. When any of the do-mes-tics are sick, he likes to go and see them, and to enquire how they do. He likes to go with his father, or his mother, to see poor people in their log houses ; and, if he sees they stand in need of it, he gives them almost all the money he has. < 5. The good boy, whose parents are not rich, rises very early in the morning, and, after at-tend-ing to his prayers, does as much as lie can, all day long, to help his father and mother. When he goes to school, he walks quickly, and loses no time on die road. My parents, s.vvs he, are very good, to save some of their money, in order that I may learn to read and write ; but they cannot give much, nor can .they spare me long ; therefore I must learn as fast as I can. ^. I should, he con-tin-iies, be very sorry, when I grow |i^V4? ■;{&;>. ■« SPELLING BOOK. 79 to be a man, not to know how to read in the bible and other good boolcs ; and when I leave my parents, not to be able to read their letters, and to write them word where I ain, and how I do. And I must learn uccovuits, for, when I grow up, I shall hi.ve many things to reckon about my work, and res-pect-ing what I buy. I shall, perliaps, have bills to make out, as my father has ; and perhaps I shall be em-ploy-ed in a shop. 7. When he has fin-ish-ed his lessons, he does not stay to play, but runs home ; he wants to see his fitlier arid mother, and to lielp them. He often sees naughty • oys in the streets, and m the woods and fields, steal, n9:ht, and do many bad things ; and he hears them swe;ir and call names, and tell lies : but lie does not like to bo with them, for fear they should make him as bad as they arc tliem- selves ; and that any person wlio sees him with them should thinlf that he also is wicked. 8. Wlien he is at home, lie is well em-ploy-ed. He takes care of the little children ; weeds his father's garden, hoes and rakes it, and sows seeds in it. Sometimes he goes with his father to Avork ; then he is very glad ; and though he is but a little fellow, he works very well, almost like a man. 9. When he comes home to dinner, he says, how hungry I am ! and how good this bread is, and this meat ! Indeed, I think ev-e-ry thing we have is very good. I am glad I can work ; I hope that I shall soon be able to earn all my clothes, and my food too. When he sees little boys and girls riding on pretty horses, or in nice carriages, or painted waggons, lie does not envy them, nor wish to be like them. 10. He says, I have often been told, and I have read, that it is God who make" some to be poor and some rich ; tliat the rich have many troubles which the poor know- nothing of, and many temp-ta-tions which belong to them selves to forget God, and the concerns of the future world ; and that the poor, it they are good, may be very happy : indeed, I think that when I am good no person can be more happy than I am. THE CANADA n THE INDUSTRIOUS LITTLE GIRL. LESSON 3. n. 1. She always minds what her father and mother say te her ; and takes pains to learn what-ev-cr they are so kind a^ to teach her. She is never noisy or trou-ble-some ; so they like to have her with them, and they like to talk to her, and to instrnct her. She has learned to read so well, and she is so good a Q;rA, that her father has given her sev- er-al little books, which slie reads in by herself, when-ev-e» she likes ; and siie understands all that is in them. 2. She knows the meaning of a great many dif-fi-cull words ; and the names of mi-mer-ous coimtries, cities, and towns, and she can find them upon a ma 3he can write very pret-ti-ly even without a copy ; and si.j can do a great many sums on a slate. What-cv-er she does, she takes uains to do it well ; and when she is doing one thing, she tries not to thinlc of an-oth-er. If she has made a mistake, or done any thing wrong, she is sony for it ; and when she is +x)ld of a fault, she en-deav-ours to avoid it an-oth-er time. 3. When she wants to know any thing, she asks hear iiather, o. her mctlier to tell her ; and she tries to un-der- stand, and to re-meivi-ber what they tell her ; but if they SPELLING BOOS. 81 do not think f • oper to answer her questions, she does not tease them, out says, when I am older they will perhaps instruct me : and she thinks rbo. d something else. 4. She liters to sit by her jr other, and sew or knit When shn lmv.vs, she does not take long stitches, or piu ker I er work ; but does it very neatly, just as her mot her teJls hxiv to do. And she always keeps her work very clean ; for if her hands are dirty, she washes them before she begins her work, and when she has f.n-ish-ed it, she folds it up, aud puts it very care-ful-ly ni her workbag, or in a drawer. 5. It is but very seldom indeed that she loses her thread or needles, or any thing she has to work with. She keeps her needles and thread in a proper place, and she has a pin- cush-ion on which she puts her pins. She does not stick needles in her sleeve, or put pins in her mouth ; for she has been told these are silly dan-ger-ous tricks, and she always poys at-ten-tion to what is said to her. 6. She takes care of her own clothes, and folds them up very neatly. She knoAvs cx-act-ly where she puts them ; and, I believe, she could hnd ihem even in the dark. When she sees a hole in her stockings, or frock, or any of her clothes she mends it, or asks her mother to have it mended ; she does not wait till the rent is very large, for she re-mem- bers what her mother has told her, that a stitch in time- saves nine. 7. She does not like to waste any thmg, — She never throws away, or burns, crumbs of bread, ur peelings of fruit, or little bits of muslin or linen, or ends of thread; for she has seen the chickens and little birds picking up crumbs, and the pigs feeding upon peelings of fruit; and she has seen the m.*ui go about g;Uh-er-ing rags, which her mother has told her ho sells to people who make paper of them. 8. When she goes with her mother into the kitchen and the dairy, she takes notice of every thing she sees; but she does not meddle with any thing without leave. She knows how puddings, tarts, butt(>r and Ijread, are made. 9. She can iron her own clothes; and she can make her own bed. She likes to feed the cliickens and the young turkeys and to give them clean water to drink ; she likes to 88 THE CANADA W-r. work in her little garden, to weed it, and to sow seeds and to plant roots in it; and she likes to do little jobs for her mother ; she likes to be em-ploy-od, and she en-deav-ours to be useful. 10, If all little girls would be so at-ten-tive, and so much given to in-diis-try, how they would delight their parents, and their kind friends ! and they would be much hap-pi-er themselves, than when they are ob-stin-ate or idle, and will not learn any thing prop-er-ly, or mind wliat is said lo them WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES PRONOUNCED AS THREE, AITO ACCENTED ON THE SECOND SYLLABLE. ll A-dop-tion af-fec-tion af-flic-tion as-per-sion at-ten-tion at-trac-tion aus-pi-cious ca-pa-cious ces-sa-tion col-la-tion corn-pas -sion com-pul-sion ccn-cep-tion con-ces-sion con-clu-sion con-fes~sion con-fu-sion con-junc-tion con-struc-tion con-ten-tion con-ver-sion con-vic-tion con-vul-sion cor-rec-tion •oc-rup-tion cre-a-tion de-coc-tion de-fection de-fi-cient de-jcc-tion de-ii-cious de-scrjp-tion de-struc-tion de-trac-lion de-vo-tiou dis-cus-sion dis-sen-tion dis-tinc-tiou di- vis-ion E-lec-tion es-seictial ex-ac-tion ex-clu-sion ex-pan-sion ex pres-sior. ex-pu'-sion e:; loi iion ex trac uon fal-la-cious im-mer-sion im-par-tial im-pa-tient im-pres-sion in-junc-tion in-scrip-tion in-stnic-tion in-ven-tion ir-rup-tion Li-cen-tious li-ba-tion lo-gi-cian Ma-si-cian Nar-ra-tion Ob-jec-tion ob-la-tion ob-struc-tion op-pres-sion op-ti-cian 0-ra-tion Per-fec-tion pol-lu-tion pre-dic-tion prc-scrip-tioH pro-mo-tion pro-por-tioft SPELLING BOOK. 83 pro-vin-cial Re-jec-tion re-la-tion re-ten-tion Sal-va-tion sub-jec-tion sub-stan-tial siib-trac-tion sub-ver-sion suc-ces-sion suf-fi-cieiit sus-pi-ciou Temp-ta-tion traiis-la-tion Va-ca-tion vex-a-tion vo-ra-cious WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES, ACCENTED ON THE FIRST. Ab-so-lute-iy ac-ces-sa-ry ac-cii-ra-cy ac-tu-al-ly ad-nii-ra-ble ad-ver-Sci-ry ag-gra-va-tcd ag-ri-cul-ture al-le-go-ry am-i-ca-Lle an-iiu-al-ly an-swer-a-blG an-ti-mo-iiy ap-pli-ca-blc ap-po-site-]y ar-ro-gau-cy Bar-l)a-roiis-ly bcaii-ti-ful-Iy blas-phe-nions-ly bois-ter-bus-ly boun-ti-ful-ly Cap-i-tal-ly cas-u-al-ty r,cis-u-ist-ry cat-er-pil-lar caiil-i flow-er ceii-sn-ra-blc cer-e-mo-iiy 4(iiar-it-a-blc com-fort-a-ble com-i-cal-iy com-meiit-a-ry com-mis-sa-ry com-pe-teii-cy crit-i-cal-ly ciis-tom-a-ry cred-it-a-blc l)an-jrcr-ous-ly dol-i-ca-cy dcs-po-rate-ly dos-pi-ca-ble dii-fcr-eiit-ly dif-li-cul-ty dit-flii-eii-cy dil-a-to-ry dil-i-o'cnt-ly dis-pu-ta-ble dii-ti-ful-ly El-li-oa-cy el-e-guiit-]y el-i-gi-ble cl-o-qucnt-ly em-i-iicnt-ly es-ti-ma-ble ev-i-deiit-ly ex-cel-leu-cy ex-i-gcii-cy Fa-vour-a-ble fab-u-lous-ly faii-ci-iiil-ly Fcb-ru-a-ry for nii-da-ble fraud -u-lciit-ly Gcu-e-ral-ly ■:'' a-bil-i-ty a-rith-nic-iic con-ve-ni-ent > .'• a-bom-i-nato as-tron-o-mer co-op-er-ate 1:t'1 S ab-ste-iiii-ous nu-thor-i-ty De-feii-si-ble ■■ -4. ■ V- ab-siird-i-ty Bar-]ja-ri-aii de-form-i-ty \ ■ a-bu-sive-ly be-ha-vi-our de-liglit-ful-ly ■^nr- ■ ac-cel-er-ate be-iiov-o-lenc6 de-liv-er-ance ac-cii-mu-late bi-oo^-ra-pby de-plo-ra-ble ■.'; ad-miii-is-ter Chro-iiol-o-gy de-si-ra-bJo Ir a-grec-a-ble coiMorin-a-bie de-test-a-bfe SPELLING BOOK. 85 dis-loy-al-ty dis-or-der-ly dis-u-ni-on di-vin-i-ty dog-mat-i-cal dox-ol-o-gy Ef-fec-tu-al en-thu-si-ast e-pit-o-me er-ro-ne-ous e-van-gel-ist ex-ceed-ing-ly ex-cu-sa-ble ex-per-i-ment ex-ter-mi-nato ex-trav-a-gant ex-trem-i-ty Fe-li-ci-ty fru-gal-i-ty fu-tu-ri-ty Ge-og-ra-phy ge-om-e-try gram-ma-ri-an Hu-man-i-ty hu-mil-i-ty Il-lit-e-rate im-mu-ta-ble im-pe-ri-ous im-pi-e-ty im-pos-si-ble in-ca-pa-ble in-cli-na-ble in-cu-ra-ble in-de-cen-cy in-fat-u-ate in-sin-u-ate La-bo-ri-ous lux-ii-ri-ous Ma-te-ri-al mir-ac-u-lous Non sen-si-cal no-to-ri-ous 0-be-di-ent om-nip-o-tent Par-tic-u-lar per-pet-u-al pre-ca-ri-ous pros-per-i-ty Ke-cep-ta-cle re-gal-i-ty re-mark-a-bl.e re-mu-ner-ate Sa-ga-ci-ty sii-pe-ri-or su-per-la-tive Tri-umph-ant-ly Un-for-tu-nate un-lim-it-ed im-search-a-ble Va-cu-i-ty vi-va-ci-ty vo-lup-tu-ous vi-cis-si-tade vic-tori-ous U-bi-qui-ty un-righ-te-oiis ux-o-ri-ous WORDS OF FOUR SYLLABLES, ACCENTED ON THE THIRD Ac-a-dem-ic an-no-ta-tor Bas-ti-na-do Cal-a-man-co cir-cum-ja-cent com-pli-ment-al com-pre-heii-sive con-tro-ver-sial co-ri-aii-der G<)un-ter-bal-ance Dan-de-li-on' de-cli-na-tor des-pe-ra-do dis-con-tin-ue dis-in-her-it El-e-ment-al eni-blem-at-ic Eu-ro-pe-an Glad-i-a-tor Hy-men-e-al In-co-he-rent in-ci-den-tal Mal-e-fac-tor me-di-a-tor mod-er-ator 0-ri-ent-al or-na-ment-al Sem-i-co-lon tl I', i m^ n ir 86 THE CANADA WORDS OF FIV£ SYLLABLES PRONOUNCED AS FOUR, kVt> ACCENTED ON THE THIRD. Ab-di-ca-tion ab-so-lu-tion ac-qui-si-tion ad-van-tage-ous av-a-ri-cious Cir-cu-la-tion com-pen-sa-tion cOin-pi-la-tion com-»pu-ta-tion con-cen-tra-tion cul-ti-va-tion Dcm-on-stra-tion de-tes-ta-tion de-vas-ta-tion dis-po-si-tioii Ed-u-ca-tion em-i-ofra-tioii em-u-la-tion ex-cla-ma-tion ex-e-cra-tion ex-pe-di-tion ex-pli-ca-tion ex-poft-a-tion ex-po-si-tion ex-tir-pa-tion ex-tri-ca-tion Fer-ment-a-tion fu-mi-ga-tion Grad-u-a-tion Im-por-fec-tion ir-re-li-gion Nom-i-na-tion Op-po-si-tion Pal-pi-ta-tion pcr-spi-ra-tion pet-ri-fac-tion prof-a-na-tion prop-o-si-tion piinc-tu-a-tion Res-ig-na-tion rcs-pi-ra-tion ret-ri-bu-tion rev-e-la-tion rev-er-cn-tial Sa-cri-le-^ioiis sep-a-ra-tion ster-co-ra-ceoiB ster-nu-ta-tion sii-per-cil-ioiia sii-per-fi-cial su-pcr-scrip-tiori su-Dor-sti-tion su-pcr-ven-tion siir-rcp-ti-tioii3 sus-ci-ta-tion Vac-ii-a-tion ve-ge-ta-tion ven-er-a-tion viii-di-ca-tion vi-o-la-tion WORDS OF FIVE SYLLABLES, ACCENTED ON THE FIRST 'A,,, ,< Ac-cep-ta-ble-ness Cus-to-mar-i-ly Des-pi-ca-ble-ness Fash-ion-a-ble-ness fa-vour-a-ble-ness fig-u-ra-tive-ly or-mi'da-ble-ness Hab-it-a-ble-ness Ju-di-ca-to-ry j jiis-ti-fi-a-ble Or-di-nar~i-ly dues-tion-a-ble-ness Spec-u-la-tive-ly spir-it-u-al-ly Tol-er-a-ble-noss Va-ri-a-ble-ness vol-un-tar-i-ly War-rant-a-bie-nes8 SPELLING BOOK. WORDS OF FIVE SYLLABLES, ACCENTED ON THE SECOND 87 Ac-cu-mu-la-tive au-tlior-i-ta-tive Com-mu-iii-ca-tive com pus-sioii -iite-ly cor-rob-o-ra-tivG De-clam-a-to-ry dc-clar-a-to-ry de-;^r!n-er-a-cy de-ter-miii-a-tive dis-rep-u-ta-hle Ef-fec-tu-al-ly cni-phat-i-cal-ly e-pis-co-pa-cy e-qiiiv-o-ca-tor ex-plan-a-to-ry Fan-tas-ti-cal-ly fe-lo-ni-ous-ly Graiu-mat-i-cal-ly Har-mo-iii-ous-ly his-to-ri-cal-iy Im-mca-su-r^-blo in-ccu-di-a-ry iii-com-pa-ra-ble iii-dis-pii-ta-l)le iii-dn-l)i-ta-])lo iii-ef-fi-ca-cy iii-cx-o-ra-l)le ir-rcp-a-ra-l)lo No-to-ri-ous-ly 0])-scr-va-to-ry o-ri-u:iii-al-ly Pe-c 11-11 i-a-ry po-lit-i-cal-ly prc-par-a-to-ry pre-var-i-ca-tor Ke-nicd-i-a-ble rid-ic-ii-loiis-ly Yo-cab-u-la-ry vo-liip-tu-a-ry % WORDS OF FIVE SYLLABLES, ACCENTED ON THE THIRC Ac-a-dem-j-cal an-i-nios-i-ty ati-ni-ver-sa-ry ar-gu-inent-a-tiVG Ccr-e-m(Viii-al cir-ciim-nav-i-gale con-fra ter-ni-ty cred-i-bil-i-ty cul-pa-bil-i-ty cu-ri-os-i-ty Di-a-bol-i-cal dis-a-bil-i-ly du-ra-bil-i-ty E-lec-tri-ci-ty c-qua-nim-i-ly e^'aii-gel-i-cal (-x-com-mu-ni-catc Fa[-li-bil-i-ty l!ani-ma-bil-i"ty fun-da-n; ;n-tal-ly Gen-or-os-i-ty Ho-mo-ge-iie-oiis hos-pi-tal-i-ty Il-lc-gal-i-ty im-per-cep-ti-ble iiii-por-tu-ui-ty ».i ..^.. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I L;|Z8 |2.5 ■^ 1^ 12.2 Hf li£ 12.0 ''IIIM llllim 1.25 111.4 II IIIIIJ4 ^ 6" — ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 Ill 88 im-pro-pri-e-ty in-civ-il-i-ty in-cre-du-li-ty in-ef-fect-u-al Mag-na-nim-i-ty mis-cel-la-ne-ous Sen-si-bil-i-ty THE CANADA sub-ter-ra-ne-an su-per-an-nu-ate su-p^r^flu-i-ty Tes-ti-mo-ni-al trig-o-nom-e-try U-ni-form-i-ty ' 1 WORDS OF FIVE SYLLABLES, ACCENTED ON THE FOURTH Ab-bre-vi-a-tor Char-ac-ter-is-tic con-glu-ti-na-tive De-nim-ci-a-tor de-ter-mi-na-tor Ec-cle-si-as-tic en-co-mi-as-tic ep-i-cu-re-an He-li-o-cen-tric hi-e-ro*glyph-ic In-ar-ti-fi-cial in-co-ex-ist-ence Me-temp-sy-cho-sis Pa-cif-i-ca-tor pre-dic-a-ment-al Re-ci-ta-ti-vo Sar-sa-pa-ril-la sem-i-pel-lu-cid (, ■■ i !* W m ' Si-.^- [ WORDS OF SIX SYLLABLES, ACCENTED ON THE FOURTH, ANO PRONOUNCED AS FIVE. Ab-bre-vi-a-tion a-bom-i-na-tion ac-com-mo-da-tion ad-min-is-tra-tion al-le-vi-a-tion an-i-mad-ver-sion an-ni-hil-a-tion an-nun-ci-a-tion an-ti-ci-pa-tion as-sas-sin-a-tion as-so-ci-a-tion Ca-pit-u-la-tion cir-cum-lo-cu-tion dr-cum-vo-lu-tion com-mem-o-ra-tion com-mu-ni-ca-tion con-sid-er'a-tion con-tin-u-a-tion cor-rob-o-ra-tion De-lib-er-a-tion de-nom-in-a-tion de-ter-mi-na-tion dis-sim-u-la-tion Ed-i-fi-ca-tion e-jac-u-la-tion e-quiv-o-ca-tion e-vac-u-a-tion ex-am-iii-a-tion SPELLING BOOK. 89 RTHI ex-as-per-a-tion ex-pos-tu-la-tion ex-ten-u-a-tion For-ti-fi-ca-tion Ge-o-me-tri-cian glo-ri-fi-ca-tion grat-i-fi-ca-tion Hn-mil-i-a-tion Il-lu-min-a-tion in-ter-pre-ta-tion m-ler-ro-ga-tiort Jus-ti-fi-ca-tion jMath-o-ma-ti-cian Prc-des-ti-iia-tioii Q,iial-i-fi-ca-tion Rat-i-fi-ca-tion Sanc-ti-fi-ca-tion siib-or-diii-a-tion Trans-li-gu-ra-tion V'er-si-fi-ca-tion WORDS OF SIX SYLLABLES, ACCENTED ON THE SECOND. Au-thor-i-ta-tive-ly Com-men-sii-ra-ble-ness com-mu-ni-ca-tive-ncss D(3-clar-a-tor-i-ly Ex-pos-tn-la-to-ry Im-prac-ti-ca-ble-ness iii-cor-ri-2:i-ble-ness in-dis-pn-ta-ble-ness in-sa-ti-a>"ble-ness in-su-per-a-blc-ness in-ter-pre-ta-tivG-ly in-vol-im-tar-i-ly Pa-cif-i-ca-to-ry Re-fri-i,fcr-a-to-ry re-vcr-1)e-ra-lo-ry Sac-ri-fi-c'vl;'-ry sig-nif-i-( I 'o-ry Un-jus- i- '; able I f [1, AN0 WORDS OF SIX SYLLABLES, ACCENTED ON THE THIRD Ar-ith-met-i-cal-ly a.s-tro-lo-gi-cal-ly as-tro-nom-i-cal-1 y a-tlie-ist-i-cal-ly Cer-e-mo-ni-ous-ness con-tra-dic-to-ri-ly Di-a~met-ri-cal-ly Go-o-graph-i-cal-ly Im-me-thod-i-cal-ly in-com-mu-ni-ca-ble in-defat-i-ga-ble in-cf-fec-tii-al-ly iii-staii-trMic-ous-lv iii-di-vid-TvrJ-ly Mat-ri-mo^ni-al-ly mer-i-to-ri-ous-ly Per-pcn-dic-u-i ar-ly Sut-is-fac-to-ri-ly sn-por-nat-ii-ral-ly Thc-o-lo-gi-cal-ly f y ' 90 THE CANADA WORDS OF SIX SYLLABLES, ACCENTED ON THE FOURTH I : : I'i 1 1 ,• f^ *.i ■Mi ■' Ar-is-to-crat-i-cal Dis-cip-Ii-na-ri-an Ec-cle-si-as-ti-cal eu-cy-clo-jiGe-di-a eii-tliii-si-as-ti-cal Iii-cred-i-bil-i-ty Med-it-er-ra-ne-aii Pre-des-ti-na-ri-an WORDS OF SEVEN SYLLABLES, ACCENTED ON THE FIFTH, ANft PRONOUNCED AS SIX. An-li-pes-ti-1 cu-tial Cir-cum-nii v-i-ga-t ion Ex-com-mu-iii-ca-tiou Mal-ad-miii-is-tra-tioii mis-rop-re-seu-ta-tioii Nat-u-ral-i-za-tioj 1 Re-cap-it-u-1 a-tioii ro-con-cil-i-a-tion 'rraii-sub-staii-ti-a-tion WORDS OF SEVEN AND EIGHT SYLLABLES, PROPERLY ACCENTED. An-ti-tri ii-i-ta'-ri-an (.'om-nieii-sn-ra-bir-i-ty Ex-tra-or-diii-a'-ri-ly Im-ma-te-ri-al -i-ty i m-pcn-e-tra-bil -i -ty in-com-pre-hen-si-1 )il -i-ty in-cor-riip-ti-bir-i-ty in-dis-so-lu-ljir-i-ly •n-com-pat-i-bil -i-ty iii-roii-sid'-er-a-ble-ness> iii-di-vis-i-bil-i-ty ir-rc-coii-ci'-l;i-])le-ness ] iat-i-tu-diii-a -ri-an Me-te-or-o-lo'-gi-cal Per-pe 11 -d i c-u-l ar -i-t y j;hys-i"CO-tbe-oi -o-gy plen-i-po-ten'-ti-a-ry Yal-e-tu-din-a'-ri-an TH ' 1. t: sings er own us( have los ledge fo 2. By ourselve world, a ages of r in the U fiance, th ceeding-b 3. By his friei know wl Ty live; Greece, t live after Province; 4. In the past it brings interview ages of m quaintan( 5. Abo ledge of t |. with the the creati( nocence, civil, and vated in end of oui ^happinc SPELLING BOOK. (^1 lth INSTRUCTIVE LESSONS ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS. rH, ANtt tion :rly -nesb ess -1y gy y n THE KNOWLEDGE OF LETTERS. LESSON 4. '. L The knowledge of letters is one of the greatest bles- fiings enjoyed by man. By this means we preserve for our own use, through all our lives, what our memory would have lost in a few days; and lay up a treasure of know- ]edge for those that shall conift after us. 2. By the art of reading, we can sit at home and acquaint ourselves of what is done in the most distant parts of the world, and know what our fatliors did long ago, in the first ages of mankind. We can also see what is now transpiring in the United States — how the law is there often set at de- fiance, thereby rendering tlie tenure of life and property ex- ceedingly insecure. 3. By this means a person in Canada can converse with his friends in England, Ireland, or Scotland ; by this we know what China produces, and how the natives of Taria- ry live; by this we know Avhat has been done in Egypt, Greece, and Turkey ; and l)y the same means those who live after us, will know what is now done in the British Provinces of America. 4. In short, the art of letters doer ns it were, revive all the past ages of men, and set them at once upon the stage; it brings all the nations from alLr, and gives them a ofcncral interview; so that the most d'stant nations, and distant ages of mankind, may converse together, and grow into ac quaintance. 5. Above all, we have reason to be thnnlvful for a know ledge of this art, because it enables us to become acquainted , with the important truths contained in the Bible, relative to the creation of the world, and our fall from the state of in- nocence, in which we were created. It points out our social, civil, and religious duties, and the necessity of being reno- vated in heart and life, in order that we may answer the end of our being here, and be prepared for an eternal state of happiness in the world to come. THE CANADA SUBORDINATION. ' y\ 1 *:3 LESSON 5. 1. Order is Heaven's first law. From the earliest dawn of reason to the hour of death, when we reluctantly take the last bitter medicine, we have to submit our wills, more oi less, to the will of otliers. We cannot, in childhood, see that th'^ motive which induces our parents to lay us under restraint, is a reirard to our future happiness. It seems to us to bo caprice, or, at least, arbitrary dictation. 2. But we learn to submit our wills to theirs ; and hri"§ is the foundation of a'overnment, and JKie conniiences a system of bonds, and ohlitrations, which al)ido on us throu^'h life. As Ave advance in life, we see tlint the reason of family j^^overnment is not a love of authority, or an infliction of punisliment ; but it arises from a compassion of our iirno- ranee, and a desire to form our characters lor the world in wJiicli we are to live and act. 3. As we leave the paternal roof, the laws of tlie land reach us, and throw their oblitrations around us. If v.'e violate tiiem, the laws to which all liave agreed to abide, take liold of us. The judge is only the mouth of tlie law, and the magistrate wiio ])imishes, is ordy the hand. But it is the law, the naked law, which no one or two can alter, which reaches the highest and lowest in the connnunity with entire impartiality, tliat compels us to bow our wills to its mandates. Without this, no community could be safe or j)rospcrous. Life, character and property, would alike be a prey to the wicked, vv^ithout this power mid majesty of law. '^i' I.OYALTY A PART OF THE CHRISTIAN'S DUTY. LESSON 6. 1 . By loyalty is meant respect and love for our Queen, and a determination to defend her against the attacks of wicked men. The fifth commandment directs us to rwidei SPELLING BOOK. n all honour and respect to our parents, and, if we strictly ob- serve this law, we shall be careful to reverence our dueen, who, in a certain sense, is the parent and protector of us all. 2. The Christian should always regulate his conduct by the word of God, and take care that he does not break any of its precepts. Loyalty being commanded by God in his holy Book, he cannot be disloyal, unless he fail in an essen- tial part of his duty. II. may be devout, he may go regu- larly to church, he may avoid the commission of any great sin, yet, if he be wanting in respect for his Sovereign he is defective; he cannot be a rebel and true Christian, — he can- not keep the commandments of God, and at the same time break one of his principal injunctions. 3. Bui; when a nation, blessed as we are, with a kind and merciful government, is discontented and mithankful, the crime of disobedience is increased by that of ingratitude; and though that rebellious people should be successful in this world, a fearful punishment awaits them in the next. 4. Our Saviour, whose example ali Christians should fol- low, always instructed his disciples to pay respect to their governors. His apostles, after his ascension, though perse- cuted and oppressed by tyrants, were remarkable for their obedience to the Roman emperors. 5. There is then no excuse for us if we ao not honoiu* our rulers; wc are commanded to do so, and God Almighty will certainly visit us with his angry displeasure, if we re- fuse to obey. Let us remember, then, to " Fear God and honour the Uueen." V ' it OF INTEMPERANCE. LESSON 7. 1. There are many kinds of intemperance, but at present I allude to that arising from the use of intoxicating liquors. As this is the worst species of intemperance, it may be ne- cessary to put my young readers on their guard, lest una- wares they should acc^uLre a fondness for intoxicating drink. 94 THE CANADA ! ; 2. Habits, even of the most vicious kind, are easily ac- quired ; mid since the common use of such liquor as whis- key, rum, brandy or ^'•in, is ruinous in every view, you should keep it at the utmost distn,nce. No ' '^rson in the . right use of his senses would in-vite, or be lamiliar w.th, his most mortal enemy ; and that this is the character of ardent spirits when inordinately used, I shall proceed te illustrate. 3. Drunkenness drowns and infatuates the senses, de- praves the reason, spoils the understanding, causes errors in judgment, defiles the conscience, hardens the heart, and brings on or induces a spiritual lethargy. It is a work of darkness, an annoyance to modesty, and a gate to every kind of wickedness. 4. It is a revealer of secrets, a betrayer of trust, a despoii- er of honesty, and a forerunner of misery. It destroys men's credit, empties their purses, consumes their estate, perverts the order of nature, causes profane and cursed speeches, vaunting, swearing, and blasphemy — quarreling, fighting, and murder. 5. It deforms the visage, corrupts the health, injures the memory ^^nd inflames the blood. — It is a voluntary mad- ness, 0. j'.ceiver of fools, and a flattering devil. It causes forgetuuness of God, is a provoker of his judgments, hast- ens, and often brings untimely death, and at last ruins the soul eternally. 6. A drunkard, in that state, is incapable of any thing good, is a game and sport of proflxne people, s. ridiculous object, his own sorrow, woe and shame, his wife's grief, his children's disgrace, his neighbour's contempt, and his fami- ly's ruin. 7. He is an enemy to himself, a scandal to Christianity, a dishonour to God, an abuser of his mercies^ is subject to many dange-rs, a slave to the devil and his own lusts ; and a traveller to destruction. 8. Drunkenness i ^oduces sickness, bloatedness, inflamed eyes, red nose and iace, gout, jaundice, dropsy, palsy, epi- lepsy, apoplexy, melancholy, idiotism, madness, death. 9. The punishments are, debt, black eyos, rags, hunger, jail, whipping post, stocks gallows; and unless pre\rented SPELLING BOOK. by timely repentance, the lake of fire prepared originally £br the devil and his anofels. SELECT APHORISMS. I.ES80N 8. 1. The improvement of a little time may l)e gain to all eternity ; and the loss of a little time may be the greatest loss that oan be. 2. In eating und drinking, let a man do nothing contrary to the health of his body ; nothing to indispose it as a man- sion and instrument of the soul ; nothing to the dishonour of himself as a rational being, created in the image of God. 3. Modesty raid humility are the sobriety of the mind ; temperance and chastity are the sobriety of the body. 4. He is not likely to learn who is unwilling to be taught ; tor the learner has something to do as well as the teacher. 5. The profane swearer sins for nothing, upon no temp- tation, for no credit; unless it be a credit not to be believed. 6. No man is convinced of truth by seeing another per- son fall into a passion. He rather suspects error and design. 7. Those who think themselves wise are the least wise of any. It is a wise man's motto, "I live to be wiser every day." 8. When we do any good to others we do as much or more good to ourselves. 9. There is more solid satisfaction in good self-govern- ment than in all the pleasures of the world. 10. The precepts of religion are principles of wisdom. There is no true majesty without goodness. A repining life is a lingering death. 11. Laziness is more painful than industry : and to be employed is easier than to be idle. 12. Never speak evil of any one, unless to prevent injiny to yourself or the community. Evil-speaking generally proceeds from envy, pride, or malice. 13. All who have meditated on the art of governing mankind, have been convinced, that the fate of empires depends on the education of youth. ,■' • 06 THE CANADA OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES. LESSON 9. 1. Aeroslatwn is tlie modern art of raising bodies into, and naviga- ting tlie air, by means of nirified or inllaminable air collected witldn nn envelope, commonly called a balloon. 2. A^ricuUvre^ the most innocent and useful of all pursuits, is the nn of cultivating^ the ground, so as to make it fruitful in the produo* tion of food for man and hcnst. 3. Algebra is a method of calculating quantiti«!S in general, by means of signs or cliaracters, which, instead of figures, are the letters of the Alphabet. The first letters, a, h, c, d, &c. are made to repre- sent known quantities; and the last letters, w, y, z, to represent those that are unknown. 4. Anatomy is the art of dissecting bodies for the purpose of exam- ining tlieir structure, and tiie nature, uses, and functions of their seve- ral parts ; and also of the knowledge of the human body derived from such dissections and examinations. Anatomy, taken absolutely, ap- plies only to the dissection of human subjects; the dissection and ex- amination of brutes is called Comparative Anatomy. 5. Ai chilecture is the art of erecting all sorts of buildings, whether for habitation or defence, according to the best plans or models. It is divided into three distinct branches; namely, Civil, Military, and NavaL 6. There are live orders of Civil Arcliitecture, the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite. Some add to these the Gothic, exemplified in the construction of most cathedrals and old churches. 7. Arithmetic is the art of numbering or computing by ccrtam rules, of which the four first and simplest arc addition, subtraction, multipli- cation and division. Vulgar Arithmetic is the computation of num- bers in the ortHnary concerns of life. Integral Arithmetic treats of whole numbers; Fractional Arithmetic or fractional numbers; and Decimal Arithmetic of decimal numbers. THE ARTS, &c LESSON 10. 1. Astronomy \% that grand and sublime science which treats of th« Heavenly bodies, and ex})lains their forms, motions, distances and mag*- nitudes. The sun, and the planetary bodies which move round hiin> constitute the Solar Syst*?ra. The words solar comes from the Latin sol^ which signifies the sun. 2. The earth moves round the sun, and is ninety-five millions of miles dista. . om him. It has two motions, the one round the sun, which it performs yearly, and the other round its own axis, which it performi daily. The first is called its annual revolution, and the other its diii»« SPELLING BOOK. 97 m^ rotation. The annual revolution is the cause of the change and Tariety of the seasons; and the diurnal of the succession of day and ajghi. 3. The number of planets is eleven. Their names, beginning with that nearest the sun, are Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, vesta, Juno, Ceres, Pallas, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. Of these. Mercury, Venus, Mara, Jupiter and Saturn are very consi)icuous, and have been known from immemorial time ; the other (ive are visible only through the telescope. They all derive their light from the s\m; and they move round him from west to east. 4. Satellites arc bodies wliich accompany some of the Planets, and they arc eighteen in number. The moon is a satellite to the earth ; Jupiter has lour moons or satellites ; Saturn seven, and Uranus six. Saturn is also surrounded with tAVo luminous rings. 5. Comets are opaque bodies like the pjaueis, moving in defined but very eccentric orbits round the sun; but we know very little of them, as the periods of only a few have been ascertained wiili any degree of exactness. Comets have received their name from cotna, or the vapour with which they are surrounded. 6. The fixed stars are bodies luminous in themselves — they are suns, vastly larger, ii is probable, than the one which gives us light and tlie centres of their own planetary systems. 7. A Constellation is an assemblage of fixed stars, imagined tore- present the form of some creature or other object, as a bear, a ship, and the like ; whence they have derived those appellations, which are convenient in describing the stars. 8. The division of the heavens into constellations is very ancient, probably co-eval with astronomy itself. Frequent mention is made of them by name in the sacred writings, as in the book of Job, and in the prophecy of Amos. 9. Some of the constellations are also mentioned by Homer and He* Biod, who flourished above nine hundred years before Christ; and Aratus, who lived about two hundred and seventy-seven years before Christ, professedly treats of all such as were marked out by the ark- cients. These Avere forty-eight in number, called the old constellations, to which have since been added others, called new constellations. 10. There are twelve constellations placed in the Zodiac, which is a fancied broad circle in the heavens, through which the sun appears to move in the compass of a year. The signs north of the equinoctial line are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo. The southern Bigns are Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces. Of these, the following is a poetical description in English : - The Ram, the Bull, the heavenly Twins^ And next the Crab, the Lion shines. The Virgin and the locales ; The Scorpion, Archer, and Sea-goat^ The Man that holds the Water-pot, And Fish, with glittering tails. h^e mtmn 96 THE CANADA THE ARTS, &c. LESSON 11. 1. Ihograp/nj is tlie history of the live^^ of emiiiGnt men, the reading of which is nut only iimusiiiij and entertaiiiinjr, but is of the greatest use, for it gives an insij^ht into human nuture, and excites us to imitate the actions of the £jood, and to avoid those of the wicked. 2. Botany is thai part of nanirai iiislory wiiich treats of plants, theii several kinds, forms, virtues, and uses, and is a very deliiflilful study; besides, it displays the wisdom and glory of the Creator, for — There'rf not a plant, or IIoavoj: thai grows, iiut shews its maker — God. 3. Chemistry is that science wiiicii invcslicfntes the composition and properties of bodies, and l)y which we are enabled to explain the causes of the namral clianj^es whicli lake place in material substances. It is of the hii^hest importance to mankind, since by its investigations, the practical arts are constantly improving. 4. All satisfactory explanation of the causes of rain, hail, dew, wind, earthquakes, and volcanoes, have bee:i given by the aid of chemical knowledge. The phenomena of respiration, the decay and growth of plants, and the functions of the several parts of animals, are also ex- plained by the aid of Chemistry. 5. In its application to agriculture, Chemistry furnishes the most direct and certain means of ascertaining what a barren soil requires to make it iruilful, and also what ijigredient is best adapted to any givea kind of produce. The making of .soap, glass, the several kinds of acid, and almost every kind of medicine, depend wludly on the manipula- tions of Chemistry. It is also connected, ui various degrees, with the art of the potter, iron-smith, tanner, sugar-maker, distiller, brewer, paper-maker, and painter. 6. Chronology is the art of measuring time, and distinguishing its parts, so as to determine what period Ins elapsed since any memorable event. The term is derived from two Greek words, chroiios and logos^ which singify time and description. 7. Time has two divisions, a smaller and a greater. The smaller division consists of years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes and seconds, deduced from the motions of the heavenly bodies, and suited to the purposes of civil life. The larger division con.sisls of epochs, centuries or ages, lustrums, olympiads, indictions, and cycles, which are measured by the smaller division. 8. An epoch is any fixed point or period of time, from which histo rians date events; as the creation of the world, the birth of Christ, &€. The last-mentioned epoch is generally called the conunon era. 9. A century is the space ol one hundred years, completed by a hun- dred revolutions of the earth round the sun. A lustrum is a space of five years, at the e"d of which a general review of the Homan citizens, and their estates, was made ' 10. reckor were ( city oi 11. is a re or 8un order a 12. . after w month One us any nui w 1. Co one com produce, 2. Eh its vario power is bodies otlier bo 3. Eth measure the exerc 4. Geo •urfaces, general. »t^ith corr 5. Hist events an history, is sometir 6. Anc of the wo of aJl thi 7. Sacr acquainte name givi Natural tables, fir 8. Hero •f tiaje. h SPELLING BOOK. 00 reading greatest 3 imitate tits, theii A study i m position plain the ihslances. ) ligations, ew, wind, chemical rrowtlA of ; also ex- the most requires to any givea ids of acid, nianipula- with the , brewer, lishing its nemorable and logosy le smaller nutes and and suited of epochs, es, which lich histo* Christ, &C. ra. by a hun- a space of m citizens, ' 10. An Olympiad is the space of four years, by which the Greeks reckoned their tune after the institution of the Olympic games; these were celebrated in honour of Jupiter Olympius, in the environs of the city of Olympia, in Peloponnesus. 11. An iiuliction is the space of fifteen years. The cycle of the sun is a revolution of twenty-eight years, used for finding the dominical or Sunday letter, kc, which, when expired, will return in the same order as before. IJi. A cycle of the moon is a period or revolution of nineteen years, after which time the new and full moon return on the same days of the month as before, excvpling one hour and twenty-eight rnitmtes sooner. One use of these cycles is to show on Avhat day Easter will fall, lor any number of years to come. THE ARTS, &c. LESSON 12. 1. Commerce is the art of buying and selling, or the exchanging of one commodity for another. By its aid, one country partakos of the produce, and enjoys the advantages of another. 2. EleclricUy is the science whifh treats of the electric power, and its various laws, operations, efl'ects, experiments, &:c. The electric power is that property first discovered in amber, of attracting light bodies when excited by heat or friction. It has since been found in other bodies, as sealing wax, agate, and m(;3t kinds of precious stones. 3. Ethics is the science of moral duties, shewing the rules and measures of human conduct which tend to happiness ; its object is the exercise of right reason in all our afiairs and actions. 4. Geography is a description of the earth. Geometry treats of lines, •urfaces, and solids, and is the doctrine of extension and magnitude in general. Grammar is the art of speaking and writing any language with correctness and propriety. 5. History^ in its most general sense, is an account or description of events and things in an orderly series, comprehending civil or political history, sacred history, ecclesiastical history, and natural history. It is sometimes divided into ancient and modern, sacred and profane. 6. Ancient history gives an account of all things, from the creation ©f the world to the birth of Christ. Modern history gives an accoun of ail things from the birth of Christ to the present tiuie. 7. Sacred history is that which is contained in the Bible, making us acquainted with God and divine things. Profane history is a general name given to all records except sacred, whether ancient or modem. Natural history is a description of natural things, as animals, vege- tables, fire, water, &c. 8. Horology is the science which treats of the measuring of portions. rf time. The principal instruments used in the measuring of lime ary m ^ii;- I, ,' ' 100 THE CANADA i'f dials, clocks, watches and hour-glasses. Horticulture is the art of cultivating a garden, and rearing the finest kinds of plants. 9. llydroslatics is the science which treats of the laws re^ul>tu^ tlie motions, pressure, gravitation and equilibrium of fluid bodies, fM^ ticularly water, and also of scad bodies immerg^ed therein. 'I ! mM m^ THE ARTS, &c LESSON IS. 1. Jurisprudence is the art of conducting the affairs of a public so dety or coinmunitv, so as to procure and ])reserve, in the highest de gree possible, the interest and iiappiness of the whole, and of each in- dividual. 2. kSociety is divided into three sorts, namrly, a family, a city, and a republic or nation; and as these consist of persons in a different rela- tion to each oilier, so, various and different forms of government are found necessary for each. 3. The several laws are the luw of nature, the civil law, and the law of nations. The law of nature is that which nature and reason have taught mankind, as the power it gives to parents over their chil- dren. 4. The law of nations consists of public acts and statutes, which provide for the public utility, and the necessity of the people, consid- ered as a body corporate; and ordain or decree whatever relates to obedience and subjection, dominion and government, war and peace, contracts, &cc. 5. The civil law is that which is peculiar to any countrj"^ or people, and administers that justice which arises from their particular situation, am] special relations and circumstances. When this respects a city or borough, it is called the municipal law. G. The laws by which England is governed are the Civil Law, bi> fore-mentioned. The Common Law, containing the summary of all the laws, rights, and privileges of the people of England, in what is called Magna Charta, or the Great Charter, of English Rights. 7. The ^lalute Law, consisting of statutes, acts, and ordinances of Kin^ and Parliament. The Canon Law, which is a collection of eo desiastical law, serving as tlic rule of church goverment. Martial JjUw, used in all military and maritime alfairs. Forest Law^ which relates to the regulation of the forest and the chase. 8. The several courts of judicature, for the administration of justice imd right are, the high Court of Parliament,, consisting of King, Lorda^ and Commons. The King^s Bench, in which all the pleas of the Crown, or what concerns the life, peace, and property of the subject, are trani^ «cted. 9. The Court of Chancery, designed to mitijale the rigour of tiling 6. RJ f:uishe£ mg sev relatior 7. D: such a a discoi theoth 8. M fauid by SPELLING BOOK. 101 mon law, and to set things upon the footing of right, and is therefom called the Court of Equity. 10. Tha Court of Common Pleas^ in which are debated the usual and common pleas, or causes between subject and subject, according to the rules ot the law. The Court of Exchequer^ in which are tried all causes relative to the revenue and treasury of the Queen. Th« Court of Admiralty f which takes cognizance of affaifs, civil and mil^ tary, relating to the seas. THE ARTS, &c LESSON 14. 1. Language is human speech in general, or an assemblage of ai^ liculate sounds, forming words and signs for the expression of the thoughts of the mind. The great number and diversity of languages arose from the building of the Tower of Babel, as related in the elev- ailh chapter of Genesis. 2. Languages are divided into the dead and living languages. Th guages. 3." Tiu; principal of the dead languages are the Hebrew, Greek and Latin ; and of the living in Europe the English, the French, the Italian, the Spanish, the German, the Portuguese; and many others in th« East. 4. Logic is the art of thinking and reasoning justly, and of commi>» nicating tne result of our thoughts to others. It is divided into four parts, according to the number of the operations of the mind in its search after knowledge, namely, perception, judgment, reason, and method or disposition. 5. Perception is the first and most simple act of the mind, whereby It perceives, or is conscious of its ideas. Judgment is that power oi die mind, whereby we join ideas together, and affirm or deny any tiling concerning them. 6. Reason is that faculty or power of the mind whereby it distin ^shes good from evil, truth from falsehood, and is used in compar mg several ideas together, in order to draw the consequences from the relations they are found lo bear to each other. 7. Disposition or method, is the art of arranging our thoughts ii^ such a manner, as shall contribute most to the strength and beauty of a discourse, and display the connexion and dependance of one part on the other. 8. Macadamizing is a method of making roads, introduced in Eng^ famd by Mr. Mac Adam, and which consists in breaking the stones, i»> m..:A I w 103 TRB CANADA tended for the surface, into small and equal sizes : a smooth hard losA. is thereby produced. 9. Mathematics is that branch of science which treats of the quanti- ties and proportions of magnitude in general. It includes Arithmetic, Algebra, and Geometry ; and is applicable to Astronomy, Hydrostat ics, Mechanics, Optics, Architecture, Geography, Navigation, Pneu matics, and, in fact, every science that involves numbers or magnitude THE ARTS, &c. >i b i LESSON 15. 1. Mechanics is that branch of science which treats of the nature and laws of motion, the action and force of moving bodies, the con- struction of machines, &c. The simple mechanic powers are the le- ver, the wheel and axle, the pulley, the inclined plane, the wedge, and the screw. 2. Mineralogy is that science wliich treats of the properties and re- lations of that numerous class of substances called mineral. Minerals are divided into four classes, namely, the Earthy, the Saline, the In- flammable, and the Metallic. 3. Music is a science wliich teaches the properties, dependencies and relations of melodious sounds ; or the art of producing harmony and melody, by the due combination and arrangement of those sourids. 4. This science, when employed in searching the principles of this v^ombination and succession, and the causes of the pleasure we receive from them, becomes very profound, and demands much patience, sa- gacity and depth of thinking. 5. It is generally understood, or supposed, that the word music is derived from mnsa^ but Biodorus derives it from an Egyptian name, in- timating that music was first established as a science in Egypt after the deluge, and that the first idea of musical sound was received from that produced by the reeds growing on the banks of the Nile, by the wind blowing into them. 6. Others, again, imagine, that the first ideas of music were received from the warbling of birds. However this may really have been, it appears, at least, equally rational to attribute its origin to mankind, since musical intonation in the infancy of language, must often have been the natural result of passionate feeling ; and since also we find, that wherever there is speech there is song. H^ 7. Music, properly so called, on^y concerns the due regulation and proportion of sound, and is divided into two parts — the theoretical and the practical. Theoretical Music comprehends the knowledge of har- mony and modulation ; and the laws of that successive arrangement ©f sound, by which air, or melody, is produced. 8. Practical Music is the art of bringing this knowledge and tkos« SPELLING BOOK. 103 laws into operation, by actually disposing of the sounds,' both in com- bination and succession, so as to produce ihe desired effect ; and this is the art of composition. 9. But practical music may, in fact, be said to extend still further, and to include not only the production of melodious and harmonious composition, but also its performance ; which is considered as an inno- cent and agreeable recreation, as it relieves a wearied attention, and refreshes the exhausted spirits ; it also frequently calms the disquiet and perturbation of the mind. THE ARTS, &c. LESSON 16. 1. Mytholos^y is the history of the fabulous c:ods and heroes of an- tiquity, with the explanation of the mysteries and allegories connected with tiiem. The word is derived from the Greek, and signifies a dis- course or description of fables. 2. Navigation is the art of conducting a vessel at sea from one port to another. Optics is that branch of natural philosophy which treats of the nature of light and colours, or of tiie general doctrine of vision. 3. Ornithology is that branch of Natural History which treats of birds, and their natures, habits, form, economy, and uses. Painting is the art of representing natural bodies by outline and colour. An ingenious and useful art : it enables us to concentrate in one view the form and beauty of objects, and greatly assists tjie mind in retaining the resemblance of those objects which, without it, would be for ever lost. Its essential parts are composition, drawing and colouring. 4. Philosophy is, properly, the love of wisdom, and is a term ap- plied either to the study of nature or morality, founded on reason and experience, or the systems which different men have devised of ex- plaining the various phenomena in the natural and moral world. 5. Phonics is the doctrine or science of sounds ; it is sometimes called Acoustics. It is divided into two parts, Dia phonics and Cata- phonics. 6. Diaphonics is that science whicli explain^' the property of those sounds that come directly from the sonorous body to the ear ; and Cataphonics treats of reflected sounds, or is the science of echoes. 7. The principal use of Phonics is in relation to music, to which it gives a basis on the principles of mathematics. Experiment has de- monstrated, that if a musical string of any length give a certain tone,j||| half that length will give the octave, two thirds of it the fifth, and the^^ ©ther notes of the scale in exact proportion. 8. Phrenology is n. new subject of investigation, which professes to teach, from the conformation of the human skull, the particular char- acters and propensities of men, presuming that the faculties and ope- f.-:l !*M h- 104 TH£ CANADA i' ■ Sf'i-. rations ef the human mind have their particular seat in certain parts of the hrain, and are to be traced by particular external bumps or pr<^ tuberances. 9. Physiognomy is the study of men^s particular characters and ru- ling passions, from the features of the face, and the cast of the coun- tenance. This science, as well as that of Phrenology, cannot, perhaps, be much depended on. ulO. Physiology is that branch of medicine which treats of th« iructure and constitution of the human body, and the functions of tb^ arious parts, with regard to the cure of diseases. 11. Pneumatics is the science v/hicK treats of the mechanical prop- eorties of air, and other compressible fluids. The principal mechanical properties of air which are treated of under this science are its fluidity, weight, and elasticity. ^ it;. "I ^ii'lj THE ARTS, &C. LESSON 17. 1. Poetry is the art of writing poems, namely, real or fictitious compositions drawn out in measured language. As respects the sub- ject^ it is divided into pastorals, satires, elegies, epigrams, &c. ; as re- spects the manner or form of representation, into epic, lyric, and dramatic poetry, &c.; aS respects the verse into blank verse and rhyme. 2. Politics is the art of governing and regulating the affairs of a state or kingdom, for the maintenance of the public safety, order and tranquillity. 3. Printing is the art of taking impressions from characters or fig- ures, moveable or immoveable, on paper, linen, silk, &c. Printing is of four kinds, namely, one for books, from moveable letters, composed and set in a form, and another for books from solid pages ; a third for pictures from copper-plates ; a fourth for printing calicoes, linens, &c. from blocks, on which are represented difierent figures. The first of these is printing property^ so called ; the second is stereotype printing ; the third copper-plate printing ; and the fourth calico printuig. 4. Religion is that sentiment of veneration, dependence, and love, which binds us to the Deity, and is expressed in such acts of worship 8S he himself has prescribed. 5. Rhetoric is the art of expressing our ideas so as to please, affect, and persuade, either in writing or speaking. A good orator must pos- ^^ssan inventive genius, a correct judgment, command of language, a ^Wetentive memory, and an agreeable delivery. 6. A regular thesis usually consists of five parts, namely, the exoi^ dium, the narration, the confiriaation, the refutation, and the perorap tion. The exordium, or introduction, prepares the minds of thit auditors for what follows. in parts I and ru- he coun- perhaps, s of th« »nsofthe ical prop- echanical s fluidity, • fictitious ts the sub- cc. ; as re- lyric, and verse and iffairs of a order and ters or fi^- Printing is composed a third for linens, &c. he first of e printing ; ng. and love, of worship ase, affect, f must pos- anguage, a r, the «£(!► he peroral ids of tbi SPELLING BOOlv. 105 7. The narration gives an account of the matter of fact, wliich must be plain and varied. The confirmation is that part of the oration in which tlie orator disposes his necessary evidence or proofs. 8. The refutation js that part of the discourse in which the orator refutes and destroys the reasons and arguments of his adversary; and, ft must be pointed and sharp. 9. The peroration, or conclusion, is a compressed recapitulation of all that has been said, and it must be deterniinetl by the nature of the discourse; it is designed to fix in the minds of the auuitors the full meaning of tlie oration. 10. The principal rhetorical figures are the following, which are written in easy verse, in order to make them familiar to young pei>- pie : — 1. A metaphor in borrowed words compares; Thus, fur excess, we say a '■\flood of tears."' 2. An Allcgnry is a chain of tropes; " I've pass'd the shoals, fair gales now swell my hopes." 3. A Metonymy takes some other name ; "Just heaven (for God) confounds their pride with shame.** 4. Synecdoche the whole for part doth take, Or part for whole, just for the metre's sake, " While o'er thy roof (for house) loud thunders break." 5. An Irony quite the reverse intends. Of what it speaks; " Well done ! right trusty friends !" 6. Onomatopoeia forms words from sound ; * •' Flies buzz, bees hum, winds whistle all around.*' 7. Hyperbole soars high, or sinks too low ; " lie iouch^d the skies" " Snails do not crawl so slow.^' S. A Climax by gradation still ascends ; " Ihey were my countrymen, my neighbours, friends.^' 9. A Catacresis words abused implies ; " Over his grave, a wooden tombstone lies." 8 im TUB CANADA WORDS ALIK'K, OR NEARLY ALIKK IN SOUND, BUT DIFFERIOrr IN SPELLING AND SIGNIFICATION. If ?! ^' 1: V'' '■■ ■'",', te'' , ^ psi ! . ^- . B'S :V';' It Abel, a inan\^ name. Able, powerful. Acts, deeds. Axe , yj; r clwpp ing. Adds, doth add. Adze, a cooprrs axe. Ail, to be sicli. Ale, liquor. Air, an clement. Heir, eldest son. All, f'l't'?'?/ 07?.r'. Awl, fl sharp tool. Altar, for sacrifice. Alter, to change. An, an article. Ann, a woman^s name. Ant, an insect. I^uni, a relation. Auger, a tool. Augur, a sootlisayrr. Bail, a siiretj/. Bale, of cloth. Baize, cloth. Bays, a ^(arland. Ball, to play with. Bawl, to cry out. Bare, naked. Bear, c hcast. Base, mcav. Bass, i?A viuMc. Bee, ATI insect. Be, fo c.r/si. Beach, a shore. Beech, a f7'ce. Beat, 8 ol" cue lliiii^ to unoLJier. Anal'ysifci, a. a tjcparation of parts. Anatb'enia, s, a curse. An'gle, 6.-. a corner. Animos'ity, 6'. lialied. Anni'liilale, v. a, to destrwy en- tirely. Annnl', v. a. to repeal. Anoni'aly, 6'. irregiilarity. Anon'ymoLib, a. without a name. AMtedilu'viun, a. beiorc the flood. An'tichrist, 6*. an enemy to Christ. Antic'i[)at(!, v. a. to foretab'e. Antip'ath} , 6\ haired, aversion. Antique, a. ancient. Anx'ious, a. niucli concerned. Aph'orism, s. a maxim. Apos'tle, .9. a person sent to preach tlie gosj)el. Appara'tus, s. tools, furniture. Appro'priate, i\ a. to set apart for a particular purpose. Approximate, a near to. Ap'titude, s. litness. Aquat'ic, a. relating to the wa- ter. Ar'bitrary, a. despotic. Ar'bitrate, v. a. to decide, judge. Ar'chives, s. records. Ar'id, a. parched up, dry. Aristocracy, v'dbie, «, llameable. Cum'ber, d. o. to rmbarrasak Con'sonant, s. a letter notjCiir'snrily, ati. Iiastily, without sounded by itself 1 care. SPELLING BOOK. 115 reat eas^ Cuta'neousi a. relating to the skin. Cyclopoe'dia, s. circle of know- ledge. Deba'ge, v. a. to degrade, lower Dil'atory, a> slow. DileiTi'ma, s. dilliculty. Diph' thong, s. two vowels join- ed together. Debility, s. weakness. Dec'alogue, s. the ten com- mandments. Deci'pher, v. a. to explain what is written. Decrep'it, a. wasted and worn by age. Defamatory, a. scandalizing. Deference, s. regard, submis- sion. Definite, a. certain, precise. Degra'de, v. a. to place lower. De'ism, c?. the opinion of those who acknowledge one God, but deny revealed religion. Del'egatc, v, a. to depute. Delib'erate, v. n. to think. Delinquent, s. criminal. Dem'agogue, s. the ringleader of a faction. Demo'niac, s. one possessed with a devil. Demonstrate, v. a. to prove with certainty. Demu'r, 5. doubt, hesitation. Depo'nent, s, a witness on oath. Bep'rccate, v. a. to evert by prayer* Depreciate, v. a. to lessen in value. Derelic'tion, s. an utter forsa- king. Der'ogate, v. to lessen, detracts Desidera'tum, .9. something de- sirable, wanted. Despite, s. malice, defianc©. Despond', v, n. to lose hope-, Desul'tory, o. without method- Detract', V. a. to slander. jDe'vious, a. out of the track. iDi'adem, s. a crown. Diameter, s. a line, which, j)assing through a circle, di- vides it into two equal parts* Diamet'rically, ad. in direct opposition. Diffu'se, a. widely spread. I Digest', V. to range in order/, I to dissolve. jDilap'idate, v. n. to fall to r-inu Disburse, v-. a. to lay out iiu>- Disci'ple, 5. a scholar. Dis'cord, 6\ disagreement. Disliabi lie, s. an undress. Disparage, v. a, to speak of or treat with contempt. Dispar'ity s. inequality. Dissem bier, 5. a hypocrite, Dis'sipate, v. a. to spend lar- ishly. Dis'titch, s. a couple of lines. Divcrg'e, v. n. to depart from one point. Divest', V, a. to dispossess, to strip. Doom, .9. a sentence. Doublemind'cd, a. deceitfuL Doxology, s. a form of praijsw to God. Dubious, a. doubtful, uncci- tain. Ductile, a. complying, plia- ble. ' :m iVi 110 THE CANADA I>u'plicate, s. an exact copy of any thing. East, s. the quarter where the sun rises. East'er, .9. the festival in com- memoration of the resurrec- tion of our Saviour. Econ''omy, s. frugality. Ecs'iacy, s. excessive joy, rap- ture. Effa'ce, V. a. to blot out. Ef ficacy, 5. power to effect. Efful'gence, s. lustre, bright- nci'S. Encyclope'dia, s, the whohd circle of sciences. Energy, s. power, force. Enha'ncc, v. a. to make greater* Envi'rons, s. neighbourhood. Eii'vy, s, vexation at another^s good. E'phod, s. an ornament worn by the Jewish priests. Ep'icure, s. a man given whol- ly to eating and drinking. Epithet, s. an adjective deno- ting some quality of a noun, Epit'omc, s. an abridgement. E'gotism, s. frequent mention jEpocli, 5. the time at which a of one's self. j new computation began, Ejacula'tion, 5. a short ferventlEqiianim'ity, s. evenness of ■ prayer. I mind. Elastic, a. springinp; back. jEquiv'ocate, v. n. to use doubt- El eiry, 5. a mourn fill poem. ful expressions. Eiic'it, V. a. to strike out. jE'ra, s. an epoch, a point of Ell, s. a measure of one yard! time. and a quarter. Eschew', v. a. to shun, to Ellip'sis, s. an oval figure. avoid. Elucidate, y. a. to clear up. jEscul'chcon, s. the shield of a Eman'cipate, v. a. to free fromi family. l^'-J slavery. Embar'rass, v. a to porplrx. Emberii.sh, v. a. to hcautify. Embez'zlc, v. a. to steal pri- vatiely. ¥ Em'blem, s. a moral device. Em'erods, s. painful swellir.gs. Emolument, s. profit. Em'phasis, 5. a remarkable stress of the voice 00 a par- ticular word in a sentence. Empyr'eal, a. refined, heavenly. Em'ulate, v. a. to rival. Enam'our, v. a. to inspire with love. Enco'mium, s. praise. Espou'se, V. a. to marry. Establish, v. a. to make firm. Eter'nity, .M J '^' 4 I?: i; :l!!; H ^\ -1. f :-j t5^. Hireling, 5. one who serves for wages. Homoge'neous, a. of the same nature. Horizon'tal, a, level. Hosan'na. s. an exclamation of praise to God, in Hebrew, " Save, I beseech thee," Hyperbol'ical, a. exaggerating beyond fact. Hyp'ocrite, s. a dissembler in religion. Hys'sop, s. a plant. Jeop'ardy, 5. danger, peril. Immac'ulate, a. witliout stain. Immen'sity,s.imbounded great- ness. Immu'table, a. unalterable. Impartial'ity, s. equitableness. Impeach'ment, s. a legal accu- sation. Imped'iment, 5. hindrance. Impen'etruble, a. not to be pierced, or moved. Impen'itence, s. hardness of heart. Impercep'tible, a. not to be seen. Implac'able, a. malicious, not to be pacified. Im'port, s. a commodity from abroad. Impor'tunate, a, incessant in asking. Im'potent, a. wanting power. Im'precate, v. a. to curse. Impu'te, V. a. to charge upon. Inacces'sible,a.not to be come at Inadequate, a. defective. Incarna'tion, s. the act of as- suming a body. Incis'ion, s. a wound msde. Incohe'rent, a. disagreeing. Incompatible, a. inconsistent with another. Incom'petent, a. not suited in ability. Incomprehen'sible, a, not to be conceived. Incon'gruous, a, not fitting, Inconsist'ent, a. contrary. Incontrovertible, a. certain. Incor'rigible, a. bad beyond amendn.Riit. Incredu'lity, s. hardness of be- lief. Incul'cate, v. l. to impress. Indefat'igable, a. unwearied in labour. Indefinite, a. unhmited. Indem'nify, v. a. to maintain unhurt. Indent'ure, s. a covenant of deed. Indig'enous, a, native to a coun- try. Indiscreet', a. imprudent. Indiscrim'inate, c. not separa- ted. Inevitable, a. unavoidable. Inex'orable, a. not to be moved* Infallibirity, 5. exemption from error. In'fidel, s. an unbeliever. Infinite, a, unbounded, im- mense. Inflexible, a. not to be bent. Inor'dinate, a. excessive. Insin'uate, v. to hint artfully. Insolvent a. not able to t^bj debts. In'stigate, v. a. to tempt to ilL Insupport'able, a. not to be suffered. SPELLING BOOK. 119 Interce'de, v. n. to mediate. Interces'sor, s. a mediator. Interdict', v. a. to forbid. Interfere, v. n. to interpose. Intorjec'tion, 5. a part of speed marked thus, (!), and put after a sudden exclamation. In'terim, s. meantime. Inter'pret, u. a. to explain to translate, interroga'tion, s. a question asked — the note (?) Inthral', v, a. to enslave. Intri'gue, s. a plot. Invalidate, r. a. to weaken. Inva'riable, a. unchangeable. Inveigh', v. a. to rail at. Inve'igle, v. a. to allure, to entice. Invet'erate, a. long established, obstinate. Trony, s. a mode of speech in which the meaning is con- trary to the words. Irra'diate v. a. to brighten. Ju'bllee, s. public festivity, a season of joy. Judic'ious, a. prudent, wise. Jurisdiction, s. legfal authority. Jus'tify, V. a. to clear from guilt, defend. Ju'venile, a. youthful, young. Kins'man, s. a man of the tame family. Knellt £. the sound of a funeral bell. Laeon'ie, a. short, brief. Lan'guid, a. weak, faint. Lan'guish, v, n. to grow feeble, to pine. Lar'ceny, s, theft. LasciT'lous, a. lewd, wanton. Lat'itude «. breadth. Lav ish, a. indiscreetly libcr&L League, «. a confederacy, throo miles. Leap'year, s. every fourth year, when one day is added to February. Leaven, 5. ferment mixed with any thing to make it light. Lee'ward, a. toward that side of a ship on which the wind does not blow. Legible, a. that may be read. Le gion, s. a body of Roman soldiers, consisting of aboul five thousand. Legisla'tor, one who makes laws. Lenity, s. mildness, tender- ness. Lent, s. time of abstinence from Ash-wednesday to Easter. Lcp'rosy, s. a distemper of white scales. Lcth'argy 5. sleepiness. Levi'athan, s.^ by some su|>. posed to mean the crocodile, but, in general, the whale. Lewd, fl. wicked, lustful. Licen'tious, a. unrestrained, disorderly. Lieuten'ant, s. a deputy, a se- cond in rank. Lin'eage, s. a family race. Listless, s. careless, hcedleos. Lo'gic, 5. the art of using rea- son well. Lon'gitude, s. length. Loquacity, s. too much talk. Lu cid, a. shining bright. Lu'cifer, s. the devil, the mor- ning star. i; 120 THE CANADA ■fi.i i . I ■\\^ t,. \ h H fp' Lu'cre, 5. gain, profit. Lu'kewarm, a. moderately warm, not zealous. Lust, s. carnal desi'^e. Machinate, v. a. io plan, to contrive. Magnanimous, a. great of mind. Magnificent, a. fine, splendid. Magnify, v. a. to extol. Maj'esty, s. dignity, grandeur. MaHce, s. ill-will. Mam'mon, s. riches, wealth. Man'slaughter, s. murder with- out malice. Manufac'ture, v* a. to make by art. Man^iscript, 5. a book written. Maranath'a, s. a form of curs- ing. Mar'tyr, s. one who is killed for the truth. Mater'nal, a. as a mother. Meander, v. n, to run wind- ing. Mechanic, s. a manufacturer. Media'tor, s. an intercessor. Medio'crity, s. a middle state. Me'liorate, v. a. to make bet- ter, to improve. Mel'low, a. soft, fully ripe. Mel'ody, s. music. Men'ace, v. a. to threaten. Menial, a. as a servant. Mensura'tion, s. the act of measuring. Men'tal, a. in the mind. Mer'cenary, s. a hireling. Merito'rious, a, high in desert. Metamor'phosis, s. a transfor- mation. Wet'aphor, s, a simile. ,*^* Metrop'olis, s. the chief city . Pa'thos, s. wannlli, feelin^]^. Fed ant, 6*. one vain of know- ledge. Pellu'cid, .9. transparent, clear. Penu'rious, a. niggardly. Pen'iiry, s. poverty. Penin'sula, .v. land almost sur- rounded by water. Pen'tateuch, 5. the five books of Moses. Perani'bulate, v. a, to walk through. Peremp'tory, a. absolute. Perfid'ious, v. false to truist. Fer'forate, v. a. to pierce through. Pernic'ious, s. very hurtful. Perseve're, v. n. to be sled fast, to persist. Pcispica'ciuu?, a. quick-sighted Perspicu'ily, ,9. easiness to be understood. Pertina'cious, a. obstinate. Per'linent, a. apt, fit. Pertur'bed, a. disturbed. Per'vious, a. admitting pas- sage. Pet'rify, v. to change to stone. Pet'ulant, a. saucy, perverse. Pharisaical, a. externally leli- gious. Phenom'enon, 5. any thing very extraordinary. Philan'thropy, s. love of man- kind. Philos'opher, s. a lover c« wis- dom. Pioneer', s. a soldier to Icrel roads. Piv ot, 5. a pin on which any thing turns. Plac'id, a. gentle, kind. Flacable, a. that maybe ap- peased, Plausibil'ity, 5. a'ppcarance of right. Plcllar3^ a. full, entire. Poignant, a. sharp, satirical. Poli'iics, s. science of govern- ment. Pol'iiv, ;?. civil constitutiort. Pol) tl»e ism, s. a belief of many gods. Pomj)'ous, a. stately, grand. Pon'derous, a. heavy. Pijste'rior, a. happening after. Postpo'ne, y. a. to putolf, delay Po'tent, a. powerful. Precarious, a. uncertaiiL, Precep tor, s. a teacher, a Ut- tor. Precip'itate, a. hasty, violenl. Precis'ion, 5. nicety. Predeces'sor, s. one going be* fore. Predict', v. a. to foretell. Premalu're, a. ripe too soon. Premise, v. a. to explain prft- vious'y. Prepoii'derance, s. superiority of weight. Preposition, s. in grammar, a particle governing a casft. Prepos'terous, a. wrong, ab- surd. Pretext', s. a pretence. Pres'cience, s. knowledge of futurity. Prevar'icate, r. n. to quibbk. SPELLING BOOK. 123t PrirnTtive, rt. ancient, original. Proba'tioner, 6'. ono upon trial. Prob'lem, s. u question i)ro- poseii. Procras'linatc, v. ta delay, to put oir. Prod'iiral, ,. to be remiss. Prov'idence, s. divine care. jRemor'se, .s. pain of guilt. Prov'ident, a. prudent,cautious. Remu'nerate, i\ a. to reward. Prow'ess, 5. bravery. Proxim'ilv, ,^. nearness. Pu'erile, a. childish, trilling. Pul'verize, v, a. to reduce to powder. Pun'gent, a. sharp. Punclil'io, s. trifling nicety. Pusillan'imous, a. mean-spirited Ren'ovate, v. a. to renew. Repent'ance, s. sincere sorrow for sin, and amendment of yfe. tReplele, a. full, completely filled Reprieve, s. a respite after sentence of death. [Quad'rangle, s. a figure thatlRep'rimand, v. a. to chide, has four right sides, and as|Kepri'sal, s. seizure by way of many angles. i retaliation.. 124 THE CANADA J' 'h Repiii^'nant, a. contrary, Jleq uisite, a. necessary Sa'ti re, s. a poem, censuring vice. Reqiii'te, v. a. to recompense. jScep'ticism, 5. general donlit. Rescind', v. a. to annul. [1)1 Respon'sihle, a. uns\vcral)le. Uesurrec'tion, s. reluru iVoni k>clieMiilo, s. a yniall scroll, an inventor y the irruve. Schism, A', a divi.sion in llie church. crn timzc, v. a. to examine Relal'iate, v. a. to return evil Scru'])lc, 5. a doubt, lor evil. 1 Scrutinize, v. a. V Retrie've, v, a. to recover. I thorouj^hly. Retrospect, s. lookinjr oiiiSece'de, 7;. a. to withdraw froh Sccre'te, v. a. to hide. Sect, .9. men united in cerla tenets. I thiii^rs })ast. lev ene, .9. loose mnsinir. ID Reverb'erale, v. to resound. Rhet'oric, s. oratory, the art Sccu'lar, s. worldly. 01 sneaumjr Rota'lion, s. a course or turn. Rotun'dity, 5. roundness. Ru'dirnent, s. .the iirsL part oi' Seda'K^ a. calm, quiet. Sedu'ce, v. a. to tempt, to co^| rupt. Sed'ulous, a. imlnstrious. ed ucation. j Semicircle, a half a circle 1( Rn'minale, v. to muse. Rus'tic, a. rural, rude, ]dain. Sacerdo'lal, a. belon'>inic to tin priesthood. Sa'criiice, .9. an olierinji made o LO God. o jrfenRuarily, .9. carnal ])U'asurp, Sep'tuagint, .9. t!ie old Gre('k| version oi' the Old Testa- ment, so called, as being iht' supposed work of 72 inter- preter Sa'crilejre, s. robbery of a Scp'ulchre, .9. a tomb, a grave, church :^ev er, v. to ioree as unde] Sagac'ity, s. acutcness, keen- Shac'kles, .9. chain ness. Sal'utarv, a. wholesome. Siiam'bles, s. a place to sell meat m. Sanc'tify, v. a. to make holy,- Shrev/d'ly, fifL cunningly. set apart for holy purposes. jSini'ile, .9. a comparison. Sanc'tuary, 5. a holy place, anISimulta'neous, a. acting to- asylum. jretlier, .San'hedrim, .9. the chief conn-, Sketch, s. an outline. cil amonjr the Jews, consist- i Sojourn', v. n. to dwell awhile. mg' of seven ty el ders. Sapph'ire, s. a precious blue :one. Har'casm, 5. a keen reproach, tiatti, a. glutted. Solecism, s. an im])ropriety ell speecn Solic'it, V. a. to ask. Soliroquy, s. a discourso tol one s s elf. SPELLING BOOK. 125 1, censuring [Aon in llie to cxanvini! Sol'vlble, J. possible to be ex- plained. Soothsay, v. n. to rorctell. Soph'ist, .9. a subtle disputcr. Sor'did, a. mean, base. South, s. opposite the north. Sponta'neous, a. willinff. Spe'cious, a. showy, plausible. Square, .«?. a future of lour equal sides and an;^les. Ster'ile, a. barren. Stig;'matize, v. a. to marlc with infamy. Stim'ulatc, v. a. to exeite. Sti'pend, 5. wa^es. Slip'ulate, v. n. to settle terms. Suav'ity, s. sweetness. Sub'altern, a. inferior. Sub'Juj^ate, v, a. to conquer. Sub»jnary, a. under the moon. Subser'vient, a. serviceable. Subsi'de, v, n. to sink down- ward. Sub'stanlive, .9. a noun beto- kening a thinj]^. Subvert', v. a. to overturn. Succinct', a. brief. Sump'tuous, a. costly, splen- did. Supercil ions, a. proud, haughty. Superficial, a. on the surface. Superfluity, s. more than enough. Superse'de, v. a. to make void. Superstition, s. false devotion. Synon'ymous, a. of the same meaning. Tacit, a. silent. Tac tics, s. the art of warfare. Tal'mnd, s. the book of Jewish traditions. Tan'gible, a. perceptible b> the touch. Tar'gnm, s. a paraphrase on tlie five books of Moses, iu the Chaldaic language. Tant'amount, a. worth as much. Tautol'ogy, .9. a repetition of the same words. Tech'nical, a. belonging to arts. Temer'ity. s. rashness. Tem'porizc, v. 71. to delay. Tena'cious, a. obstinate in aa opinion, firmly adhering. Tep'id, a. rather hot, luke- warm. Terra'queons, a. composed of land and water. Terres'trial, a. earthly. Tes'lament, 5. a will, a cove- nant. Testa'tor, s. one wlio leaves a will. Te'trarch, s. a Roman gover- nor. Theocracy, s. a divine govern- ment. Theorogy, s. the science of divinity. Supineness, s. indolence. jThral'dom, s. slavery. Suscep'tible, a. apt to take aniThwart, i\ a. to cross, oppose. impression. Syc'ophant, s. a flatterer. Timid'ity, 5. fearfulness Tithe, s. the tenth part. Syra'metry, s. a due proper- Tokra'tion, 5. allowance, per« tion. mission. Sym'path f , 5. mutual feeling. Topaz,5. a precious yellow gem 126 THE CANADA ' 'X' . ^ B Torna'do, *«?. a whirlwinfl. T()r'|>i(l, s. ninnliLMl, iiinclivc. Trndii'cc, v. a. losciindulize. TraL^'ir, a. ttiounirul. Transrcrul', v. to excel. Trans'cript, i\ a C(j]»y from any original. Translijr'iire, r, a. to change tlie lijirurc. Transfuse, v. a. to pour into anotlicr. Transgress', v. a. to ofTend ajrainst rule. Transient, a. niomentarv, Trans'verse, a. lyiii"^ in a cross direction. Tra' verse, v. to wander over. Tres'pass, ?-. v.. to sin or com- mit a fault. Trepida'tion, s. a slate of trem- bling^. Trian'gular, a. liaving three angles. Tribulation, .s\ distress, trial. Tribute, 6'. a tax. Tur'bid, a. thick, muddy. Type, .9. the shadow or sign of a thing. Ty'ro, 5. a student, novice. Umbrage, 5. oHence. IJm'pire, 5. a decider of dis- putes. Unbelief, ;?. want of faith. Unc'tion, s. an anointing. Undaunt'ed, a. fearless, bold. J^ndesign'ing, a. sincere, hon- est. Un'dulate, v. a. to move as a wave. U'nison, s. sounding alike. Unleav'cned, «. not fermented. Unrav'el, v, a, to explain. Urban'ity, 5. civility, politencw I'r'geni, a. pressing, earnest. Usuip', V. a. to seizr without right. U'sury, s. the interest money; generally inulcrstood unlaw- fill interest. Ujibraid', v. a. to chide, re- proach. Vacu'ity, .s\ emptiness. Vague, a. unmeaning. Viij'id, a. conclusive. Ve'heineiice, s. violence, ar- dour. Veloc'ity, .<:. speed, quick mo- tion. Ven'erate, r. a. to regard with awe. Verac'ity, .9. truth. Verb, .9. a ])art of speech which signifies being, doing, or suf- fering. Verbal, a. spoken. V^erb'ose, (/. tedious, prolix, Ver'dure, s. greenness. Vernac'ular, a. native. Ver'ily, ad. certainly, Ver'itv, .s-. truth. Ver'satile, a. variable. Vesture, s. garment, dresa. Vi'and, .9. meat, food. Vi'brate, v. to quiver. Vicin ity, s. neighbourhood; Vicis'silude, s. change. Vig'ilance, s. watchfulnesa. Vin'dicate, v, a. to justify. Vindic'tive, a. revengeful. Vin'eyard, s. ground planted with vines. Vis'ible, a. that may be seen. Vi'tal, a. necessary to life, c*- sential. SPELLING BOOK. i2r Vit'iale, v. a, to deprave, cor- rupt. Viv i(y, V, a. to mnlvc alive ivi|)urous, a. brmgint tt forth aiiv(5 Vizier, .9. tlic Ottoman primr Vow'cl, s. a letter sounded by itself. Viii'iiernble, a. that niay bt WOIIIK led, minister. Vul'gatn, s. a Latin version of the nihie, nnlhorized by tiiw CI Hireli of Ronie Vocab'ulary, 5. a small diction- Way'farinjr, a. travelling iry. West, s. o PP OSl to ll ic east. Vo'cal, rt. relatinjr to the voiec.lW'intrward, ad. towards tlie '5 oeil erous, noisv. a. clamorous, win( Win'iiow, V. to fan, to sift. Volatile, a. evaporating, lively, Wiir^wjun, s. an Indian cabin Volca'no, cec3- visli ly Yclep ed, a. called. Yearn, i\n. to feel uneasiness. Ze'nith, s. that point in the heavens directly over our heads. Zeph'yr, s. the west wind. 5. a description Z ootr ra phy, of animah THE TEACHER'S COUNSEL TO HIS PXJPU.S. LESSoN 17. 2. Ye docile youths, who learning lov« And would in various arts improve, And to be taught to me repair, These precepts in your memory bear. When morning first unseals your eyes, And bids you to yoar labours rise, To God with pious ardour pray, That he would bless the passing day; For all your studies are but vain, Which no celestial blessing gain. 2. Then wash'd, and decent in your drest, Let each in school assume his place, And while you at your books remain, 1^1 thoughtful silence always reign; t. U-V- Tilt tt I \ 123 THE CANADA For stillness, I have found by use, Will to your progress much conduce. All chat, and play, are here debarr'd; No voice, but his who reads, be heard ; Whatever be the task assign 'd, Porlbrm it with a willing mind. 3. You that in writing would excel, First imitate your copies well : Down strokes make strong, and upAvard fine, And boldness, with your freedom, join. If, by luxuriant fancy bent. You aim at curious ornament. Your plastic pen, by frequent use, May fishes, beasts, and birds produce; But chiefly strive to gain a hand For business, with a just command. 4. When figures exercise your quill. They ask your care, and all your skill ; Your fancy may in writing guide, , But reason here must be applied. As you the learned trade pursue, Fresh useful scenes will crowd your view; The mathematics' spacious field. Will grand and noble prospects yield ; Whether by maps, o'er seas you rove, Or trace .he starry heavens above. What rapturous pleasures will" you find, When demonstration feasts the mind ! 5. Let those who for instruction come To learn the tongues of Greece and Rome Or French polite, that now is made The general speech in courts and trade. Learn grammar first, learn grammar well, If they would in the tongues excel ; For none will a good structure raise, Except he tiiis foundation lays. 6. Whene'er you are from school dismiss'd And have my leave to play or rest. Still let my counsels have their sway, And even regulate your play. Such sportful exercises choose. As will the most to health conduce. Tops, kites, and marbles, hoops, and ball, By turns the younger people call ; SPELLING BOOK. 129 While boys of larger size resort To some more strong and manly sport • But see you give no place to rage, Nor money in your play engage ; For sordid thirst of gain destroys All peace of mind— in men and boys. 7. Abominate the lying tongue, And scorn to do your fellow Vvrong; From oaths, and idle talk, refrain. And doubilul fables, for they're vain. But if sometimes you be inclin'd To give refreshment to the mind, Historians, and poetic lays. At once will both instruct and please. In English writers we abound. In whom much useful learning's found; But frivolous song, and v/ild romance, Be ever banish'd far from hence, • 8. Soon as your judgment waxes strong, And can distinguish right from wrong. Think it no task to read in youth The Testaments of sacred truth ; With diligence peruse them through, In every language that you know; By day revolve them with delight. And on them meditate by night. — When to yuur meals the call you hear, At once, without delay, appear; At table in decorum sit ; All prating is forbid at meat. In food observe the golden mean. And keep your clothes and linen clean; And when you've eat what does suffice Thank Heaven, and in good order rise. 0. One precept yet remains behind Which must be fixed upon your mind Of foolish chat in bed beware ; Be silent, and be modest there: Let no disturbance then be made, But meditate upon your bed; And ere your head the pillow bcarE. Applv to Him who always hears The breathings of a pious breast; And you may safely sink to rest. / 130 THB CANADA APPENDIX. OUTLINES OF GEOGRAPHY. i% , ' t Geography is a description of the surface of the earth, as consist ing of land and water. Tlie land is divided info Continents, Islands, Peninsulas, Isthmuses Capes and Promontories. The water is divided into Oceans, Seas, Lakes, Bfiys, Gulfs ani Straits. A Continent is the largest extent of land, containing many king^ doms and stales, as Europe, Asia, fee. — An Island is a smaller portion of land, wholly surrounded by water, as Great Britain, Ireland, ice. — A Peninsula is land almost surrounded by water, as the Morea in Greece, Jutland, kc. — An Isthmus is a narrow neck of land, joining a peninsula to the main land, as the Isthmus of Corinth in Greece. — A Promontory is a high land, jutting far into the sea. — A Cape is iha extremity of a promontory, as the Cape of Good Hope. An Ocean is the largest body of water, as the Atlantic and tlr« Pacific Oceans. — Seas are detached parts of the ocean, as the BaN tic and Mediterranean seas. — A Lake is water surrounded by land, as Lake Ontario, kc. — A Bay or Gulf is water partly sur- rounded by land, as the Bay of Biscay, the Gulf of St. Lawrence. — A Strait is a narrow passage of water, joining one sea to another, as lUt Straits of Gibraltar and Dover. EuROPF.. — Europe, though the least quarter of the Globe, is the «nost distinguished for the fertility of its soil, the temperature of iti climate, and for the cultivation of the arts and sciences. It is bounded N. by the Northern Ocean, W. by the Atlantic Ocean, S. by tlif Mediterranean Sea, E. by Asia, the Black Sea, the Sea of Marmora* «nd the Archipelago. The population of Europe has been estimated at 230 millions. The following are the countries of Europe, wivb their chief towns or capitals, viz : — Capitals. England, Scotland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, . Eelgiuui, . France, . IfiftUI, . . London. Edinburgh. Dublin. Bergen. Stockholm. Copenhagen. Amsterdam. Brussel.'j. Paris. Madrid. Portugal, . Switzerland, Italy, . . Turkey, . Greece, Russia, Prussia, . Germany, Austria, . Capitalt. Lisbon. Berne. Constantinople. Athens. St. Petereburgl*. Berlin- t*-«»« •• ••«• Vienna. *«*•.•*«■>»•• SPELLING BOOK. 131 as consist Ital^ contain<) several states. y. Kingdom of Sardinia. Savoy, .... Piedmont, . . , Genoa Isiana ol Sardinia, 2. Austrian Itaiv. Milan, ... Venice 3. Parma, 4. Modena and Massa, 5. Lucca, 6. Tuscany 7. Slates of the Church, . 8. Kingdom of the two Sicilies. Naples, Sicily, .... Tlie states of Germany are : — Mecklenburg, 01denbur2r, 13runswicl{, Kingdom of Saxony, The Saxe Principalities. Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Coburg — Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen, Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-Darmstadt, Nassau, Kingdom ol Bavaria, Kingdom of Wirtemberg, Grand Duchy of Baden, The Free Cities, Chief Towfit. Chambery. Turin. Genoa. CagliarL Milan. Venice. Parma. Modena, Massa. Lucca. Flouence. PtOME. Naples. Palekmo, Schwerin, Strein* Oldenburg. Brunswick, DRESDEN. Weimar. Gotha, Coburg. Meiningen. Cassel. Darmstadt. Nassau. Munich. Stuttgarix Carlsruhe. FaANKFOUT. hi ENGLAND AND V^'ALES. Boundaries* — N. by Scotland; W. by the Irish S«i, tind St Ceorge's Channel ; S. by the English Channel ; E. by the Germsui Ocean ©r Norlli Sea. The superticial area ia 57,813 wjuar* wul^ ami \h& population about fourteen miliions. 132 THE CANADA 1 M\ }■ The followinj^ are the Counties of England and Wales, with some of ilieir Chief 'i owns : — ENGLAND. Counties. Chief Towns. Norlliumberland, Newcastle, Berwick, North Shields, Cumberland, Carlisle, Whitehaven, Workington. Durham, --- Durham, Sunderland, Stockton. Westmoreland, Appleby, Kendal. Lancashire, Lancaster, Liverpool, Manchester. York:ihire, -----.---- York, Leeds, Siielfield. Lincolnshire, Lincoln, Boston, Gainsborough. Nottinghamshire, Nottingham, Newark, ManslieldL Derbyshire, -------- Derby, Matlock, Buxton. Cheshire, Chester, Macclesfield, Stockport. Shropshire, Shrev/sbury, Bridgenorth, Wellington. Stafibrdshire, Stafford, Litchfield, Walsall. Leicestershire, Leicester, Loughborough, Bosworth. Rutland, ---- Oakham, Uppingham. Noriharnptonshire, - - - - Northampton, Peterborough, Daventry, Bedfordshire, Bedford, Dunstable, Woburn. JIuntinfrdoiishire, Huntingdon, St. Neots, St. Ives. Cambridgesihire, Cambridge, Ely, Newmarket. Norfolk, NorAvich, Yarmouth. Suffolk, Ipsv/ich, Sudbury, Woodbridgc. Essex, Chelmslbrd, Colchester, Harwich, llertibrdsiiire, Hertford, St. Albans, Ware. Middleiex, Lo>;do.\, Westminster, Brentford. Buckinghamshire, Buckingham, Aylesbury, Eton, Oxlordihire, --; Oxford, Banbury, Woodstock. Warwickshire, AVarwick, Birmingham, Coventry. Worcestershire, Worcester, Kidderminsier, Dudley. Hereford;'hire, Hereiord, Leominster, Ledbury. ]\lonmourh, Monmouth, Chepstow, Newport. Gljucesiershire, Gloucester, Bristol, Cheltenham. Wiltshire, -- Salisbury, Devizes, Bradford. Berkshire, Heading, Witulsor, Abmgdon. Surrey, Guiidlbrd, Croyden, Kingston. l^Qj^l i Maidstone, Canterbury, Creenwich. ' ( Dover, Woolwich, Deptford, Chatham. Sussex, Chichester, Lewes, Brighton. Hampshire, Winchester, Southampton, Portsmoulh Dorsetshire, Dorchester, Weymouth, Poole. Somersetshire, Bath, Wells, Bridgewaier. Devonshire, Exeter, Plymoulh,' Barnstaple. Comwall, Launciioiou, Bodmin, Falmouth. SPELLING BOOK. T38 WALES. Counties, Chief Towns. Flintshire, Flint, Mold, Holywell, St. Asaph. Denbighshire, Denbigh, Wrexham, Llangollen. Caniarvonshire, Carnarvon, Bangor, Conway. Anglesea, Beaumaris, Holyhead. Merionethshire, Dulgelly, Bala. Montgomeryshire, - Montgomery, Welchpool, Newtown Radnorshire, New Badnor, Prcsteign, Knighlou- Brecknockshire, • Brecknock, Builtli, Hay. Cardiganshire, Cardigan, Aberystwilh. Pembrokeshire, Pembroke, Millbrd, St. David's. Carmarthenshire, Carmarthen, Llanelly, Kidwely. Glamorganshire, CardilF, Swansea, LlandatL SCOTLAND, Is bounded N. oy the North Sea ; W. by the Atlantic Ocean ; S. by England, and the Irisli Sea ; and E. by tht German Ocean. It corv- lains 32,167 square miles, and ihe population is about two milliotui and a hall". It is divided into thirty-three Counties : — Counties. Chief Towns. Orkney and She'Jand, - - - Kirkwall, Stronii. ss, LerwicL Caithness, Wick, Thurso. Sutheiland, Dornoch. Ross, Tain, Dingwall, Fortrose. Cromarty, Cromarty.' Inverness, - Inverness, Fort George, Fort Williarik Nairn, Nairn. Elgin or Moray, Elgin, Forres, Fochabers. Banff, Banff, Cullen, Keith. Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Peterhead, Huntly, Kincardine or Mearns, - - Stonehaven, Laurencekirk. ' Forfar or Angus, Forfar, Dundee, Montrose. Tife, Cupar, St. Andrews, Kirkcaldy* Kinross, Kinross. Clackmannan, Clackmannan, Alloa, Dollar. Perth, Perth, Culross, Kincardine, Crieflt Argyll, Inverary, Campbclton, Oban. Bute, Rothesay, Brodick. Dunbarton or Lennox, - - - Dunbarton, Helensburgh. Stirling, Slir.ing, Falkirk, Grangemouth. West'Lothian, II I II } Linlithgow, Queensfcrry, Bathgata 134 THE CANADA % Counties. Chief Towns. Mid Lota" ::::::! e™"'- !--">• ^"'"-"^ KSn: :::::: i """i-^'™. i'-"". n- Berwick Berwick or Merse, - - - - Greenlaw, Lauder, Dunse, ColJstreaak Roxburgh or j jg^n^y i j^^i Hawick, Melroso. Tevioldale, ) . Selkirk, Selkirk, Galashiels. Peebles or Tweeddale, - - Peebles, Inverleiihen. Lanark or Clydesdale, - - Lanark, Glasgow, Hamilton* Renfrew, - Renfrew, Paisley, Greenock. Ayr, Ayr, Irvine, Kilmarnock. Dumfries, Dumfries, Annan, Moffat. Kirkcudbright or j Kirkcudbright, New Galloway, East Galloway, ) ° ' ^ Wigtown or Wigtown, Stranraer, Port Patric*. West Galloway, - . - - j » ' ' 1 p. 1. 1 -f-. - Hi jt-v ■• h |H' i IRELAND, Is bounded N. W. and S. by the Atlantic Ocean; E. by the Irish Sea and St. George's Channel. It contains 31,874 square miles, and Xke population amounts to about eight millions. Ireland is divided into four Provinces, — Ulster, Leinster, Connaught, ■ad Munster; which are sub-divided into 32 Counties: — Counties, Chief Towns. ' -^ , ( Lifford, Donegal, Ballyshannon, Letter ^^eg^^» i Kenny. Londonderry, | ^^^J^^j^^'^^''^' C^^e^^^^^' Newtonlima- Antrim, -- --- Carrickfergus, Belfast, Lisbum, Antrim. Tyrone, ---------- Omagh, Dungannon, Strabane. y. j Downpatrick, Newry, Dromore, New* ^°"^^"» ( tonards. Armagh, Armagh, Lurgan. Monaghan, Monaghan, Clones, Car rick macrow.. Fermanagh, Enniskillen. Cavan, .---. Cavan, Cootehill, Belturbet. * IN LEINSTER. Longford, --- Longford, Granard. West Meal!., MuUingar, Athlone, Kilbe^puk East Meath, Trim, Navan, Kells. Louth, Droghedai Duudalk^ Loutk. SPELLING ROOK. 12B Counties. Chief Towns. Dublin, "Dublin, Kalbrigq:?!!!, Kingstown, Wicklow, -- AVicklmv, Arklow, Bray. Kildare, A thy, Naas, Kildare, Mavnoolh. King's County, Philipslown, IjIit, Tullaii.jre, Hana^hw, Queen's County, Maryborough, Portarlington, MountraUk Carlow, Carlow, Tullow. Kilkenny, Kilkenny, Callan, Tliomastown. Wexford, --------- Wexford, New Ross, Enniscorthy. IN CONN AUGHT. Leitrim ---- I Carrick-on-sliannon— Leilrirn, Manoi**- '"'" j Hamilton. Sligo, Sligo. Mayo, Castlebar, Ballinrobe, Ballina, Westport Roscommon, Roscommon, Aiiilono. Boyle, Eiphin. Gahvay, ----- Gal way, Louglirea, Tuam, Ballinasloa. IN MUNSTER. Tipperary, Clonmel, Cashel, Tipperary, Roscrea. Clare, ------ Ennis, Clare, Kilrusb. Limerick, Limerick, Ratlikeale, Newcastle. Kerry, Tralee, Dingle, Killarney. Cork --------- . \ Cork, Bandon, Kiiisale, Yougbal, MaV ,---........ I ^^^^^ Fermoy, Cove, Charleville. Waterford, Waterford, Dungarvan, Lismore,Tallow. LEF Islands bclonginiT to Great Britam are the Orkneys, anH Isles, the Hebrides or Western Isles, the .'^lcs of Man, Ai> The CiL Slielland Isk., .. „„ , ..„ . glesea, Wight, Scilly, Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney and Sark. In the Baltic are Zealand and Funen, Rugen, Bornho'..j, Gothlami Aland, Gland, Dago and Oesel. In the Mediterranean, Ivica, Majorca, JMinorca, Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, Malta, Cefalonia, Zante, Candia, Cyprus, Rhodes, and the Islands in the Archipelago. The Chief Mountains in Europe are the Dofrine or Dofrafield Mountains, between Norway and Sweden ; the Uralian Mountains in Russia; Carpathian Mountains between Poland and Hungary; Pyrenees between France and Spain ; the Alps which surround the north of Italy ; the Peak in Derbyshire, Engl;uid ; Snowden in Wales ; the Cheviot hills in Scotland ; and Mourne Mountains in Ireland. The burning mountains are Vesuvius, near Naples; Etna in Sicily; and Hecla, in the cold isle of Iceland. Mont Blanc, a peak of th« Alps, is the highest mountain in Europe, being 15,662 feet above the level of the sea. The Seas arc, ths Baltic Sea, the North Sea, tlie Irish Sea, th« 136 THE CANADA 1* ' 'It''' , English Channel, St. George's Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, tkt Black Sea and the Archipelago. The Lakes are those of Ladoga and Onega in Russia ; Wener and Wettern in Sweden ; and the lakes of Geneva and Constance on the borders of Switzerland. The Bays, Gulfs, &:c. are the Bay of Biscay, Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland, Gulfs of Venice and Lepanto. The Straits are those of Dover, Gibraltar, Bonifacio, Messina, and Kafla, Dardanelles and Conslantiiiople. The Rivers are the Thames and Severn in England ; the Forth and Tay in Scotland; the Shannon in Ireland ; the Elbe in Saxony; Rhine between France and Germany; Seine and Rlione in France ; the Ta^ gus in Portugal and Spain ; Po and Tiber in Italy ; the Weisel or Vis- tula in Poland ; Wolga and Don in Russia; and the Danube, which flows from Germany to the Black Sea. ASIA, Is bounded N. by the Northern Ocean ; W. by Europe, the Black Sea, Archipelago, IVTediterranean, Isthmus of Suez, and Red Sea; S. by the Indian Ocean; and E. by the Pacific Ocean. The superticial area, including the islands, has been estimated at 20,000,000 square milrs ; and its population at 460,000,000. Asia is, therefore, the most populous quarter of die globe. It is here the first man was created — the patriarchs lived — the law was given to Moses— and the greatest and most celebrated monarchies were formed. In Asia the i)ronmlgation of Christianity was first made, and from thence the light of the Gospel was diilused over the ■whole Avorld ; and almost all the laws, arts and sciences had here their origin. The countries which it contains are : — Countries. Chief Towns. Turkey in Asia, Smyrna, Aleppo, Damascus, Bagdad Arabia, --- Mecca, Medina, Mocha. Persia, Teheran, Ispahan. Afghanistan, Cabul, Candahar, Herat. Hindostan, Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, Delhi, Benarea Eastern Peninsula, Ava, Aracan, Bankok. China, Pekin, Nankin, Canton. Thibet, Lassa. Chinese Tartary, Cashgar, Yarkand, Maimatchin. Independent Tartary,- - Bokhara, Samarcand. Asiatic Russia, Tobolsk, Astracan. Japan, -- - Jeddo, Miaco, Nangasaki. The CHIEF Islands in Asia are, Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Ceylon, Cyprus, Celebes, Japan Islands, Philippine Islands, Moluccas, Nen Guinea, Australia or New Holland, and New Zealand. Tlie Mountains are the Himmaleh Mountains, the highest in ih» SPELLIN- 30vtC, 137 world, being 27,700 feet above the level of the sea — Caucasus, Ararat, Taurus, Lebanon ; Sinai and Horeb. The Seas and Gulfs are the Red Sea, Arabian Sen, Persian Gull', Bay of Bengal, Chinese Sea, Gulfs of Siam and Tonquin, Yellow Sea. Sea of Japan, Sea of Ochotsk, Sea of Kamtschatka, Caspian Sea, and Sea 01 Aral. Steaii-s.— Babeuuandel, Ormus, Malaci!a, Sunda, Macassar, Beh- Capes. — Severo, Baba, Comorin, Negrais, Romania, Cambodia Lopatka« and East Cape. K1VERS.7— Oby, Yenisei, Lena, Amur, Hoang-ho, Yang-tse-ldan^;, Maykaung, Irrawady, Ganges, Brahmapootra, Indus, Euphrates, Ti- gris, Oxus, Jaxartes. Lakes. — Baikal, Balkash or Falkati. AFRICA, Has always been in a state of barbarism, if we except Egypt ar?d Carthage. It is bounded N. by the Mediterranean; W. by the At- lantic; S. by the Southern Ocean ; and E. by the Isthmus of Suez the Red Sea, and tlie Indian Ocean. The superficial area has beej) estimated at 11,000,000 square miles; and its population at 70 ujii- lions. The following are the principal African nations : — Countries. Morocco, Fez, Algiers, Tunis, . Ne^rroland, Gumea, Egypt, Tripoli, Barca, and the Cape of Good Hope, on the sou f hern point of Africa. Islands. — In the Atlantic are the Azor(.!S or Western Isles, the M;->- deiras, the Canaries, and the Cape Vevd Isles. In the Gulf of Guiiic;- are St. Thomas, Anabon, Prince's Isle, and Fernando Po; and nion.' distant are St. Matthew, Ascension, and 8t. Helena. To tliG east of Africa are Mndac-ascar, Isle of Frnnco< Bourbon, tho Cuinora Isle, Almirante and IVlahe Isles; and Zocctra and iJabelmandci, near Uu; Red Sea. ^ ' Mountains. — Atlas to the north-east of Africa, whM\ is the hifrJi- est, being 11,9S0 feet above the level of riie iSea: — tiie Mouniiuns ui the Moon in Ethiopia, and the Mounlai;is of Sierre Leone. Gulfs, &:c. — Gulf of Guinea ; Table and Saldana Bays, Channel of the Mozambique. Capitals. Counlries. Cafilah. Morocco. Biledulgcrid, . Dara. Fez. Zaara, . . , . Te^essa. Algiers. Nubia, . . . . rougoln. Tunis. Abyssinia, , . Gondar. Madinga. Abex, . . . . Suaquam. Cape Coast. Ajan, . . . . r.iavu. Cairo. Zangucbar, . . iVlelinda. Tripoli. Mozambkjue, . Mozambiq Barca. Terra-de-Natnl ii 10 138 THE CANADA i* ■'* Mi'' . r ; : It m ■ livil Capes. — Bon, Spnrtel, Cantin, Gcer, Nun, Bqjador, Blonco, Verde, Roxo, Mesurado, Pnliuas, Lopez, Fornosa, Negro, Vollas, Good Hope, Agulhas, CorrientL-s, D^.-lgado, Guardafu ,. EiVEus. — The Nile, Ni^er, Senegal, Gambia, Rio Grande, Congo or Zaire, Coanza, Ovanr4:e, Zambezi. Lakes. — Tchad, Dembea, and Maravi. AMERICA, Is bounded N. by ihe Northern Ocean; W. by the Pacific Ocean; S. by the iSouthern Ocean ; and E. by the Atlantic Ocean. The su- perhcial area has been estimated at 15,000,000 square miles, and its population at 40 nnllioni>. It was discovered oy Columbus, a Geno- ese, in the year \¥Kd. Tiiis cuniinent is divided by the Ij^ihrnus of Panama into two great parts, namely. North and South America. NORTH AMEUICA, Is bounded N. by the Nurthern Ocean; W. by the Pacific Ocean; S. by the Gulf of Mexico and the Pncilic Ocean; and E. by the At- lantic Ocean. It extends from 1^ 30' to 74*^ N. lat. and from 55" 30' to ]6S° AV. long., being in length from N. to S. 4.500 miles, and in breadth, from fJie E. of Nova Scotia to the mouth of the Co- lumbia River, nearly .']000 miles. The superticial area has been esti- mated at 8,000,000 square miles, and its population at on Charlotte's ickbuni Island, io, Great Bear stassin, Cham- e, Hudson, Ar- Ibia, Mackenzie. Straits, Vxim 's' Bov, Straus [dy, Chesapeak peachy, Bay ot ^s Sirait, Strait Ltteras, Tanclia, !, KockyMouo-l [tains of Mexico-! I America, and a s bounded N. or' the Northern Ocean ; \V. and S. by the North Pacific; and £. by Brit- ish America. Population 50,000. BRITISH AMERICA. * Is bounded N. by BafTin's Bay and tiie Arctic Ocean, W. hv tlie Russian Terriiorv.'S. by the United Stales; and E. by the Atlantic Ocean. It is estimated to contain 2,3U0,000 square miles, and tlio population is about 2 millions. Divisions. Chief Towns, Hudson's Bay Territories, j y^^^ ^ ^^^^^ mcluumg Labrador, ) ' Toi;oNTo, Kingston, Brockville, Bytown, Cornwall, HainiltoM, iNiagara, and London. QuEiJRc, Alunlreal, Three Ptivers, and Sher- brooke. Canada West, Canada East, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Islands. Newfoundland, Cape Breton, Prince Edward, BermudfAs, - Fredericton, St. John. - Halifa.'c, Annapolis, Pictou. Chief Towns. - St. John. - Sidney. - Charlotte ToAvn. - St. George. Anticosli, Southampton, North Georgian Islands. Capes. — Piosier, Sable, Canso, Breton, Bay, Race, Charles, Chidley. Bays, &•'. — Ballin's liay, Davis' Straits, vliudsoa's Straits, Hudson's Bay, James' Bay, Straiis of Belieisle, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Bay of Fundy, Coronation Gulf, Banows' Straits, Prince Regent's Inlet. Lakf.s. — Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario, Winnipeg, AtJjabasca, Great Slave Lake, Great Bear Lake, Mistassin, Nipissing, Simcoe, and Ft ice Lake. Rivers. — St. Lawrence, and Ottawa, St. John, Niagara, Copper- mine, Mackenzie, Nelson, Columbia. THC UMTED STATES, Are bounded N. by British America ; W. by the Pacii' ) Ocean and Mexico; 8. hv tlie Gulf of Mexico, and E. bv the AUanlic Ocean. They contain 2,257.800 s('uarc miles. Population about 13,000,000, of whom 2,000,000 arc slaves. DIVISIONS. horthcrn States. Capilals. Maine, Augusta. New Hampshire, Concord. Vermont, Monipelier Massachusetts, Boston. Rhode Island, -- Providence. Connecticut, Hartford. '■■l?n .^:m U if ■ .'.'1 140 THE CANADA ( k Middle States, >Jew-Yt)rk, I'cnnsylvania, New-JtTsey, Capitals, Alhiiny. }li\rri!:?[)urgf. 'J'renlou. DelawJirc, Dover. Southern States. Mnrvliind, - Vir«rini;i, - - - ])isirirr of Columbia, JS'orfli (>,ir«liiia, iS(Hiili j)i, Ind laiiap'jiis, Vandali Jell a. erson. 1\T jA»ui;-i;ina, 7\rkaa-^>('e. ^Viscon^iu, INoriii-Wt'st jMissouri, \\ fSiCi' II 'J'crritorius, IsL/VM'". — Rhode, Loner. Strten, Naufudcot. Ba\>'. — roni)h,-;cot, A!r,>:;s;M.iiii«*tnts, Deliware, Chesapeak, Lo:i: Island Siuiiul. t-'loiida Channt't, Cavkj-. — Ann. Cod, ]May, Charles^ Henry. Ilatleras, Fearj Lookcj:, Tanclia vr Snido Vo'uv. I\Un'.\"r.\jN:>. — Alie;j:hany JMoimtains, Rocky Mountain?, Ozarl; M(Hmtain>^. Lakes, — Mioii'^-nn, (^liai:^r!nin, tlie southern shores of ?ome of ■.!. Lakes i-f ('annda, i'ontcharirai:!. n;vi-R5. - ^^;is^!^sippi wirii if< '.rituitarie;>. ^li^souri, Arkansas, ue' River, Ohio, \Vabash, Tenne'.see, Illinois, St. Peters. St, Cvoix, Con- ni'ctit'ui, lludi^on, Pelaware. JSiiMjiie^iannah, Potomac, t^avannalu ML^:l^.0 ANP G'JATIMALA, Are bounded N. by the United Stales and the Gulf of Mexico; V»'. | and S. by tlie raejtic Ocean ; and E. by tlie United States, the Gii! at" Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea. Mexico contains 1,610,0' near" •ound. Tt is more than twenty-four ihuufand miles round, and * it tbuustmd througl; ; and is nlnet)'-tive millions uf miles iVoni the >uii. The Equator is a great circle, v/'liich divides the earth into t\vt.) equal pans, at an equal distance from each pele; rmJ it Is so called, beraus'.', when the sun is in this circle, the days ;iikI niglils are equal (0 all ilie inliabitants of the carlli. The poles are two pjints of the earth opposite to each other, tlm ■one called north, and the oilier south. Tliese j)i)it)ts are only ima- ^nnary, as are also the circles. All pans of the earth, with respect to their situations, are either to the nuriii or sourh of the equator; and the distance of places is eounted from it towards tlxo north or soutli pole. The poles are ninety de^^rees i\yAn the cqtMtor; 1 :If a circle ia 180 degrees; and a whole circle, whether great or small, is 300 de- grees. The tropics are two lesser circles, called Cancer and Capricojm. The troi)ic of Cancer is 23.!: degrees nc-ril) of the equator, and the tropic of Capricorn 2oh south of the equator. 142 THE CANADA \ i \~ The polar circles are two lesser circles, called Arctic and Antarctic ; the arciic or north polar circle is 664 degrees IVom the equator, and the antarctic or south polar circle is the same distance south of the equator. The polar circles aje also 23i degrees from the poles. Tlie ecliptic is a great circle described by the sun in the space of a year. It surrounds ihc globe hetween the twj tropics, and crosses the equator at two opposite points. All lines dn>wn from one pole to the othev are called meridians. When the sun c(jmes to the meridian of a piace, it is then noon oi mid-day at iliat place. We may imagine rs many meridians as we please, fjr every ])lace has a meridian. 'J'he meridian or line drawn from norih to south over Greenwich, in England, is called the first or fixed meridian. There are two horizons ; one called the sensible or visible, and the oiher ihe rational horizon. Then sensible horizon is ibe boundan,'- of our sight, being that circle where the sky and earth seera to meet. The rational liorizoa ejts the cai'ih into two eqaal prirts, and is parallel to the sensible hci'^on. The poles of the horizon are called Zenith and JNadir ; the zenith point is that '^art directly over head; and the nadir is llint point opposite to it under our feet. A degree in a great circle contains 60 geographical or fiPi English miles, but the riumeasurcinc nt of a less circle \aries a'tcording as ii approaches towards tl\e pole*. A mile in geography is called a minute. Fifteen degrees make an an hour of time. Places on the earth are distinguished by their situation;^, which aru found by their latitude and longitude. The kuitude of a place is its tlisUince north or souiii of the equator. It' it be on the north side of the equator, it is said to be in the north latituiie; if on the souih «ide, in soUih latitude. All plnces on the earth are eiiher in north or south latitude, except at the equator where there is no latitude, because jaiitude begins there. Tiie greaiest latitude a ])lace can have i>^ 90 degrees, aPid there a:c oidy two places tliat have so niue.li, -Kv]\k.h are.4he pules. Upo;i a irmp tlie hultuJe is found at the r^ides; ii' it increa£.es upv/ards, it is north; if dov/nvv^ards, it is south. Longitude is the distance of ac-place f^jm the lirst meridian to th;; east or west. If it be on the er-.i-.i side, it is east loniriiutle, 5:c. The greatest loniriiude a place cnn li.ive is ISO degrees, v.'Jueh if- one halt' ef the circuinfereuce of the globe. Longitude is found upon a map ai the top and bottom. The degrees of longitude are not e<]ual, like those of latitude, bat dimir.i^Ji in ])roporiior! '0 degrees of latitude, a degree of ion- g-itude is but half the quaniiiy of a (iegreo upon the equator, znd so in proportion for tjie rcj-i. Zones are certain sipaces that encompai^s the earth like a girdle, these are five iii number, namely, one torrid, two temperate, and two frigid or frozen zones. The torrid zone includes all that part of the earth which is situated between the tropics. The temperate zones SPELLING BOOK. 143 include all those parts of the earth which are situated between the tropics and polar circles. The frigid zones are situated between the polar circles, extending round each pole, and are called frigid or frozen, from the rays of the sun falling so very obliquely in those parts, which renders them excessively cold. cording as ii fees make an north &ifje of ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Grammar is the art of expressing our thoughts clearly and cor- rectly, and IS divided into four parts, namely, Orthography, Etymol- ogy, Syntax, and Prosody. Orthography is the art of writing words with the proper and necessary letters. Etymoio2;y treats of the properties and derivation of words. Syntax teaches us to place our words properly together in sen- tences. Prosody teaches us the art of accenting and pronouncing wordr? with propriety. Grammar is composed of letters, syllaT[)les, words, and sontenecs. Of Ihz farts of Sjiecch. There are in English nme sorts of v.'ords, namely, the Substantive, the Article, ihe Adjective, die Pronoun, the Verb, the Adverb, the Pre^Ojiition, the Conjunction, and the Interjection. Of the Article. An article is a word used belore substantives, to denote their signi- finntiv)!); as ^' man, lAs man. There arc two articles a {or an.) and fht; an is only used before a vowel, aiid n silent h; as an e is there «'" " What ?.xe you doing?" " Which is the book?"' The difierence botwcen thennturo of a relative pronoun, and an in- terrogative is this, that ibo relative lias reference to a subject which is antecedent, debnilc, and kno-'va; bat the interrogative has reference to asuljecr wiiich is Subserucnt, indeiinite, and unknown, and v/hich is expressed and ascertained in tlie answer. Who is used when we speak of persons only ; as, "2.;;Ao v/ill instruct me:" which when we speak of persons. or things; as, "rt'/nc-^ is theboy ?" 77iai sometimes supplies tiie place of w//o and which; uf^, ''he that acts wisely de- serves praise ;" and " the boy th'yt is diligent is rewarded." Who is of both numbers, and is thus declined: — Nom. who. Gen. whose. Ace. whom. Adjective pronouns partake of the nature of both pronoun and ad- jective, and are divided into four sorts ; namely, the possessive, the distributive, the demonstrative, and the indefinite. The possessive pronomis are, mij, mine, thy, thine, his, hcr^ Iters, tts, our '.< t e ^t? 148 THE CANADA h .- '.'i i aurSf youTj yourSf their, theii's, >ind they are called possessive, because they relate to property or possession. A/y, //ry, his, her, our, your and their, are joined to a substaniive ; as " my book," " your pea." Mine, thine, hers, ours, yours, and theirs, are used without a substantive, which is, however, miderstood though not expressed ; as, " this book is mine," " this pen is thine." The distributive pronouns are, each, every, cither, neither; and are so called because they relate to person or ihiriirs that make up a num- ber, as taken separately and sinre:tKeJ or understood; as, " you are punished by John." Here Jo /^« is the agent; or i-.ctor, are punished the passive verb, so called because its uoininalive case you is the passive subject, or that vdiich receives the action. Verbs with regard to their inflection, are divided into regular, irre- gular, and defective. A regular verb IbraiS its tenses and participles SPELLING BOOK. 149 according to the usual modes. Irregular verbs are those which bor- row their tenses and participles from other verbs; or form them con- trary to the usual mode. Defective verbs are those which are only used in some of their moods and tenses ; as, am, catiy willy &c. An auxiliary verb is one that is put before another verb to denote the time, or signify the mood, or manner of a verb. They are rfo, Ae, haye^ shall^ ivill, may J can, with their variations; Sind let and must whicJi have no variation. To verbs belong number, person, mood, and tense , Of the Participle, A participle is a certain form of the verb, and partakes of the nature boili of the verb and iJie adjective. There are three participles; the present, which ends in iug ; the perfect, which ends in ed ; and the *:ompound perfect; as, loving, loved, having loved* Number arid Person, Verbs have two numbers, the singular and the plural ; as, I wrii€ 4ie wnie ; a.:'l in each number three persons; as, singular. First pcrf!on I write, Second Person Thou writest, Tlurd pers:>n He writes. flural. We write, You write. They write. Of Moods. Moods siirnify the various ways of expressing our intentions. There Are five nioous ; llie indicative, ihe imperative, l\ie potential^ the sub' funclicc, uiul the infinitive. The indicative mood simply indicates or declares a thing; as, "I learn, I do noi learn," or else it asks a question; as, "dost thou leam? dost thou no'i learn?" The imperative niood commands, exhorts, entreats, or forbids; as »' Fear God ; honour the King ; love yotir neighbour as yourself." The poientinl mood ex})resses a thing- as possible, and implies lib- erty, po'.ver, will, or ol)iigatioii; as, " I may love, it may rain, I can ride, lie sh'tiild learn." The suhjunctive mood implies a condition, will, or supposition; and coniHionly depends upon another verb, and is also preceded by a conjunction, e^-j'fessed or understood ; as, "I will go, though vou chide nu!.'' " \Vere he g^xxl, he would be happy;" that is, " if* he were il«''od," ^zc. The iniinitive mood expresses a thin.':;: in a general, and indetermi- nate mawaer, Aviiliout any distinction of number or person ; as, "to act, to ?peal^-, to (}c fearc;' " This mood is known by the preposition to comiuiT before the verb; as, " to love." Of Tense. Tense sjqnifics the distinction of time, which consists of six varia- 15D THE CANADA t ■ tions ; tht present^ the tmperfecty the perfect^ the pluperfect, and the "/rsi and second future. The present teuse represents an action or event as paBsing at the tinie when it is nientioned ; as, " I writCy I do write, or I am wrtttng.^' Do, am, with their inflections, are the signs of this ttnse. The imperfect tense represents an action as passed indeterminately, or as remaining unfinished at a certain time past ; as, " I loved hei for tlie sweetness of her mind." " She was playing on the piano when I saw her." The signs are did and was, with their inflections. The perfect tense not only refers to what is passed, but also has an allusion to the present time; as, "I have learned my lesson;" "1 fuive learned the lesson that was recommended to me. The pluperfect tense represents a thing not only completely fin- ished, but also as finished prior to some other lime specified in the seniencu; as, "• I had learned my lesson before you came in." Its signs are had and had been, with their inflections. The first future tense represents the action as yet to come, defi- nitely or indefinitely, that is, wiih or without respect to the precise time ; as, " tlie sun will rise to morrow at Jive o^cloch,'''' definitely ; " the sun will rise to-morrow,'''' indefinitely. This tense is known by the signs shall or will, or shall he, or will be. The second future represents the action to be fully accomplished at or beibre the time of another future action or event ; as, " I shall have finished my writing at or before tAvelve o'clock." Shall have and shall have been, are the signs of this tense. Conjugation. The conjugation of a verb is the method of varying it through all the persons, numbers, moods and tenses. The variation of the active verb is called the active voice ; that of the passive verb, the passive voice. The auxiliary and active verb to have is conjugated in the following manner : — > If I J ' i TO HAVE. . ,' . ' . ' INDICATIVE MOOD ; • . Present Tense. Ifers^ Sing. Pers. Plu. 1. I have, 2. Thou hast, 3. He, she, or it hath 1. We have, 2. Ye or you have, or has. 3. They have. Imperfect Tense. 1. I had, 2. Thou hadst, 3. He, kc had. 1. We had, 2. Ye or vou had, 3. Theyliad. SPELLING BOOK. 151 ill have and Pers. Sing. 1. I have had, 2. Thou hast had, 3. He has had. 1. I had had, 2. Thou hadst had, 3. He had had. Perfect Tense, Pers. Plu. 1. We have h!»d, 2. Ye or you liave had, 3. They have had. Pluperfect Tense. 1. We had had, 2. Ye or you had had. 3. They had had. First Future Tense. 1. I shall or will have, 2. Thou shalt or wilt have, 3. He shall or will have. 1. We shall or will have, 2. Ye or you shall or will have, 3. They shall or will have. 1. I shall have had, 2. Thou wilt have had, 3 He will have had. Second Future Tense. 1. We shall have had, 2. Ye or y.m will have had, 3. They will have had. Query. What is the indicative mood ? (Repeat the defmiiion./ Imperative Mood. 1. Let me have, 1. Let us have, 2. Have thou, or do thou have, 2. Have ye, or do ye or you have, 3. Let him have. ' 3. Let them have. What is the imperative mood ? POTENTIAL MOOD. Present Tense. 1. I may or can have, \. We may or can liave, 2. Thou mayst or canst have, 2. Ye or you may or can have, 3. He may or can have. 3. They may or can have. Imperfect Tense. Pers. Sin «■. 1. I might, could, would or should have, 2. Thou mighst, cuuldst, wouklst or shouldst have, 3. He, might, could, would or should have. Pers. Plu. 1. We miglit, could, would or should have, 2. Ye or you mii^lu, could, would or should have, 3. They miglil, could, would ov should have. 152 THE CANADA f -1 1^ ' Perfect Tense. ' Pers, Sing, Peri. Plu. 1. 1 may or can have had, 1. We may or can have had, 2. Thou maysi or canst have had, 2. Ye or you may or can have had, 3. He may or can have had. 3. They may or v^an have had. Pluperfect Tense. Pers. Sing. 1. I might, could, wouUl or should have had, 2. Thou mighst, couldst, wouldst or sliouklst have had, 3. He might, could, would or should have had. Pers. Plu. 1. We might, could, would or should have had, 2. Ye or you might, could, would or should have had, 3. They might, could, would or should have had. What is the potential mood ? SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. Pre.tent Tense. Pers. Plu. 1. If we have, 2. If ye or yon Imve, 3. If lh«?y have. What is the subjunctive mood ? infinitivp: mood. Pers. Sing. 1. If I have, 2. If vou have, 3. If he have. Prcscnff to have. Perfect, to have had. Fmure. to be about to have. What is the infinitive mood ? PARTICIPLKS. Present or active Perfect or fxiftsive Compouiid. perfect Hariri 1)-, I-bd. '^' H'.vvin:: liful. Of the Conjufiaiion of Re^v,lar Verh.-?. ACTIVE. Verbs active are called reL!"ii]ar, when tliey form their imperfec tense of the indicative mood, and their peifent pariiciple, by nddin^ to the verb ed or d^ only when the verb ends in e ; as. Present. Imperfect. Perf. Part. I learn, I learned, Learned I love, I loved, Lovttd SPELLING BOOK. las ,i 1 A re£^r verb active is conjugated in the following manner :— shad, have hadL, ve had. TO LOVE. INDICATIVE MOOD. Present Tense, 1 P§r$. Sing, Pen, Plu, I, I 1. I love, ■ 2. Thou lovest, I 3. He, she or it loveth 1. "We love, 2. Ye or you love, or loves. 3. They love. Imperfect Tense. } H 1. I loved, ■ 2. Thoulovedst, ■ 3. He loved. 1. "We loved, 2. Ye or you loved, 3. They loved. Perfect Tense. 1 H 1. I have loved, ■ 2. Thou hast loved, H 3. He has loved. 1. We have loved, 2. Ye or you have loved, 3. They have loved. Pluperfect Tense. e, H 1. I had loved, H 2, Thou hadst loved, H 3. He had loved. 1. "We had loved, 2. Ye or you had loved, 3. They had loved. First Future Tense. it to luivc. |B 1. I shall or will love , 1. We shall or will love, 1 -« f» "Tr. L_ii :ii 1. — r imperfec'' i, by r.ddins art. a 3. He shall or will love. 3. They shall or will love. Second Future Tense. 1. I shall have loved, 2. Thou wilt have loved, 3. He will have loved. 1. We shall have loved, 2. Ye or you will have loved, 3. Tliey will have loved. IMPERATIVE MOOD. 1. Let me love,' 1. Let us love, 2. Love thou, or do thou love, 2. Love ye or you or do ye love, 3. Let him love. 3. Let them love. POTENTIAL MOOD. Present Tense. 1. I may or can love, 1. We may or can love, 9. Thou mayst or canst love, 2. Ye or you may or can love, 3. He may or can love. 3. They may or can love. i U I' m I] I* : > ■ ■;r It •'. I 154 Vr5. TIIK CANADA Jmperfeci Tenat* Stng. 1. I iijighl, could, would or should love, ii. Thou uiightsi, couldst, wouldsi or shouldst love, I{. llii inigiit, could, would or bhould love. I'crs. Pin. 1 . We inis:hl, could, would or should love, \i. Ve or you nii»^ L- the verlfe " <« Irregular Verba. Irregular verbs differ fron\ ihe regular in the lurmaLioa of their tm- perfect tenscj and liieir perfect participle ; a.«, Prtaevi. Imperfect. Perfect or Pass. Part. know, • - knew, - - kuowu. Irregular verbs are of various kinds. 1. {^onio have ilieir present kease, imperfeci tense^ ai: ' passive pariiciplo ihe same ; as, Present, Imperfect. Perfect or Pasn. Part. cast, - - cast, - - east. cut, - - cut, - - lUl. 5. Some have their imperfect tense and poricci purticijile tlie ittme ; as, Present. Imperfect. Perfect w Pass. Part. send, - - sent, - - sent, lend, - - lent, - - leui. 3. Some have their present tense, in|[ifrfect tense, and passive pariiciple, all diilereni; as, Present, Imperfect. Perfect or Pass. Part. give, do gave, did, given, done. P#fi. Sing. 1. 1 write, 2. Thou writesl, 'J. He writes. Conjugation of the irregular vcrl^ to write. TO WRITE. k"^l)lCATlVE MOOD. Prescnit Teiise. Pers. Flu. 1. We write, 1. I wrote, 2, Thou wroiest, '. He wrote. 2. Ye or yuu write, 3. They write. Imperfjct Tense. 1. We WTote, i?. Ye or you wrote, 3. They wroic. ' Note. — The following tenses in this mood, and all the tcTiscs in the other rModSf are conjugated the same as in verbs regular. Defective Verbs. Defective verbs are those which can be used only in some oT iLcix ffioods and tenses ; as, -:'i 156 THE CANADA V ^4 !• ■ 'i m I III:. .. , ■ I- : il '4\ Present. can may n-'ust shall will ought Imperfect. could might Perfect or Pa$e, Part, should would Impersonal VerbSf Are those which are defective in point of person, and cannot U conjugated with any other nominative than the pronoun t/, as in iii« following manner : INDICATIVE MOOD. Present tense Imperfect or Past tense Future tense It rains, It rained, It will rain. Present Past or Imperfect IMPERATIVE MOOD. Let it rain. POTENTIAL MOOD. It may or can rain, Present Past or Imperfect It might or could raiii. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. If it rain, If it ruined. Present Past - Future INFINITIVE MOOD. To rain, To have rained, To be about to raia. Raining, Rained, Havinff rained. PARTICIPLES. ^"^srnt - - - - p'erfecl - - - - ^'Ompound Perfect txtrcUe %n Parsing^ on the jSrtids, jldjedive, Suhstanii.e, Prontmn and ftri 1. I love him. 2. Let them stay. 3. Prepare your lessons. 4. You may be happy. 5. Keep your books clean. 6. The person whom I saw this morning is eorxMk 7. That picture is delightful. 8. Let us improve ourselves. 9. I am sincere. 10. Thou art respected. SPELLING BOOK. ler Questions. Article, Substantive, Adjective, as before. Pronoun. — What kind f Person ? Gender? Number ? Case ? Why ? Verb. — What kind ? Active, passive or neuter ? Regular, irregular, or defective ? Mood ? Tense ? Number ? Person ? — Why ? If a par- ticiple, why ? Active or passive ? — From what verb derived ? / /ore htm. What part of speech is I ? A pronoun. — Why ? Because it is used instead ot my own name. — What kind? Personal, because it relates to a person. — What case is I? The nominative. — Why? Because it eomes before and governs the verb. — What part of speech is love ? A verb. — How do you know it to be a verb ? Because whatever word denotes being, doin^ or suffering, is a verb. — What kind ? Active. — Why ? Because it implies action, and takes an accusative after it. Is it transitive or intransitive? Transitive. — Why? Because the action passes over to some other person (or thing,) the subject of that action. Is love a regular or an irregular verb? A regular verb. — Why? Be- cause its imperfect tense and perfect participle end in ed. — What mood ? The indicative. — Why ? Because it simply declares or af- firms. — What tense? The present. — Why? Because it relates to the present moment. — What number? The singular. — Why? Because it speaks but of one. — What person? The first person. — Why? Because ihe person who speaks is alwavs the first person; the person spoken to is the second person ; and tne person spoken of is the third. — What part of speech is him ? A pronoun. — Of what sort ? Personal. — Repeat the personal pronouns. /, thou, dfc. — What person ? Third person ? — What gender ? The masculine. — Why ' Because it relates to tne male kind. — What number'? Singular ; because it speaks but of one. What case ? The accusative.— Why ? Because it receives the action of the verb, and answers to the question ivhoml or what? — What voice, mood, tense, number, and person, is love? The active voice, indicative mood, present tense, singular number, and the first person. Of Adverbs. An adverb is a word joined to a verb, an adjective, and sometiines to another adverb, to modify their actions or qualities ; as, " he reads well, a truly good man, he writes very correctly." Some adverbs have degrees of comparison like adjectives ; as, soon^ sooner, soonest ; and those ending in ly are compared by more and most ; as, bravely, more bravely, most bravely. The adverbs most frequently used are those that relate to time, place, number, order, quality, certainty, contingence, negation, ex- plaining, separation, joining together, indication, interrogation, excess, defect, preference, likeness or equality, unlikeness or inequality, abate- ment and excludiion. Those of time are ; now, to-day, yesterday, &c. Of place ; where, kej-e, theref &CC. Of number j once, /trice, &c. Of order; lastly, ^rst, hii^ It f I lit '■ 166 THE CANADA P ^i'J I ii •.: &c. Of quality ; tceli, ill, &c. Of certainty ; truly, verily, &c. contingence; haply, perchance, &c. Of negation; not, not at ally &c. Of explaining ; to wit, namely, &c. Of separation ; apart, separately^ kc. Of joining together; generally, together, kc. Of indication ; lo, behold, &c. Of interrogation ; why, luherefore, &c. Of excess very, much, kc. Of defect; al most, little, ko.. Of preference ; rather, chiejiy, &c. Of likeness; so, as, as if, kc. Of unlikeness ; otherwise^ else, &(;. Of abaternenl ; by degrees, scarcely, &c. Of exclusion only, &:c Prepositions* Prepositions serve to connect words with one another, and to show their relation, situation, or the reference between them ; as, " he went/rom Petorboro', through Port Hope, to Cobourg." The following are the principal prepositions, namely, to, at, befort;^ against, about, without^ between, among, within, for, by, through, be- sides, except, after, since, until, behind, above, beyond, out, upon, ever, of, unto, on, from, with, in, into, &c. They are called prepositions, because they are generally placed before the words to which they refer; as, " The kingdom of heaven is prepared /or the righteous." Conjunctiom, A conjunction is used to connect sentences together, so as out of two to make but one sentence. It sometimes connects only words. There are two sorts of conjunctions, the copulative, aud the disjunctive. The conjunction copulative serves to connect or to continue a sen* tence, by expressing an addition ; as, " you and I are healthy, because. we are temperate." The conjunction disjunctive not only connects and continues the sentence, but also implies an opposition or diflference of meaning ; as, " Though I have often attempted to learn it, yet I cannot succeed." The principal copulative conjunctions are, and, if, because, that both, for, therefore, then, since, wherefore. The principal di&junctive conjunctions are yet, notwithstanding, buty then, though, either, or, as, imlcss, neither, nor, lest, nevertheless. That is sometimes a pronoun ; for is sometimes a preposition ; an, they, and since, are sometimes adverbs. Corresponding conjunctions are such as answer to each other in the construction of a sentence; as. Though or although is dinsvfered by yet, or nevertheless. Whether and either are answered by or. Neithr 's answered by nor. As is answered by so. So is answered by as or hat. For example — Althous:h she is not young, yel she is handsome. Whether it were you or I. Jt was eitlier this book or that. It was neither the one nor the other. It is as white as snow. As with the servant so with the master. It is 50 obvjuua that I need not men- tion it. ^nterjectUm$, An interjection is a word denoting; any sudden aflectioa or etnotica SPELLING BOOK. 159 tf upon, ever, epositicn ; af, loa or emotwn ot the mind ; as, " 0, how delishtful /" The principal interjectioM I re, ah I alas ! ! fie I hush I hail ! behold ! Exercises in Parsing upon all the Farts of Speech. Praise the Lord, my soul I while I live will I sing praises unto my God, and while I have any being. What part of speech is praise? A verb, for it denotes somethinsf lo be done. — What mood is the verb in ? The imperative, because it ex- horts or commands. — What person? The second person singular, praise thou, or do thou praise. — What part of speech is the? A defi- nite article. — Why is it definite? Because it points out a particulai* object— the adorable Creator. — Wli:it part of speech is Lord ? Lord is here taken for the proper name of our great Creator and Preserver; it is of the singular number, bec.iuse it speaks but of one ; accusative case. — Why is it the accusative case 5 J3ecause it follows the active verb praise, and answers to the word whom or what. — What part of speech is ? An interjection. — Why is it an interjection ? Because it is inserted to express a sudden passion or emotion of the mind. — What part of speech is my? A possessive pronoun. — Why is it called possessive ? Because it implies possession or property. — What part of speech is soul? A substantive common, of the second person, singu- lar number, and the vocative case. — Why is it a substantive common ? Because it belongs to ail of a kind, for the vital or active principle of all mankind is called the soul. — IIow is it known to be in the voca- tive case ? Because it is called or spoken to ; hence it is also known to be in the second person, that is, do thou praise, or raise up all thij affections to magnify his goodness. — What part of speech is while? An adverb.— Ofwhat sort? Of time, and is equivalent to all the lime. — What part of speech is I? A pronoun personal, nominative case to live, first person (speaking of himself) singular number. — What part of speech is live? A verb neuter. — How do you know it to be a verb neuter? Because it merely expresses being, meaning. As long as 1 exist will I praise the Z.orrf. —What mood ? Indicative mood which affirms ; first person, singular number, present tense. — Will I sing, or / will sing ? J, as before ; will auxiliary verb, sign of the future tense; fpUl sing a compound verb, first future tense, indicative mood; active. —What part of speech is praises? A substantive common, neuter gender, plural number, accusative case, because it comes after the active verb sm^.— What part of speech is unto ? A preposition, shew- mg the relation of the two nouns, praises and God.— What case has a preposition after it? The accusative case. My ? As before.— What part of speech is God ? A substantive, (the same as Lord,) in the ac- cusative case, being preceded by a preposition. — What part of speecii is and ? A copulative conjunction, because it joins. While I? The «ame as before. — What part of speech is haver A verb active ; indi- cative mood, present tense, singular number. It is generally used as an auxiliary verb, but here it is a principal. — What part of speech r» *nyf An adjective; one of those which do not admit of comparisoiu ' * 160 THE CANADA ■f T t Wiiy^ is it an adjective ? Because it modifies the noun, denoting a particular property belonging to it ; moreover, as it has no substance of its own, it is dependent on, and inherent in the noun, and will not stand without it either expressed or understood. — What part of speech is being? A substantive abstract, signifying existence, neuter gender, singular number, accusative case. — How do you know it is in ilie accusative case ? Because it follows have., and answers to the ques- tion whom or xohat ; as, while I have — what ? Any being or existence. RULES IN SYNTAX. 1 . Every nominative case, except the case absolute, or when ao address is made to a person, belongs to some verb expressed or under- .^'.ood. 2. When a nominative case neither refers to a verb, nor is used in addressing, it is called absolute ; as, the door being open, I entered, 3. The accusative case is governed either by a preposition or by verbs and participles used transitively; as, " with me*; he hears me; loving me." 4. The possessive case denotes the person or object of which some 'piality or possession is asserted ; as, " Joht's mdustry, Richard''s l>ook ;" industry is the quality of John, and book is the property of Richard. 5. The possession or quality is sometimes understood ; as, " 1 called at the bookseller's,^^ the possession shop being understood. 6. When possessives are connected by conjunctions, the apostrophic ^s is annexed to thv last only ; as, " David and Jonathan's friendship." But when any woids intervene, the '.s- is annexed to every possessive ; as, " He had the surgeon'^s as well as doctor''s advice." 7. When a clause of a sentence, beginning witii a participle, is used to express one idea or circumstance, the noun, on which the circunv stance depends, is put in the possessive case; as, " What is the rea- son of William's dismissing his servant so hastily ? S. When two i.ouns come together, signifying the same person or thing, the latter is in the same case as the former, by apposition; as, " Solomon the son of David, was king of Israel." • Solomon, son, and king signify the same person, and are therefore in the same case. 9. Every adjective, and every adjective pronoun, belongs to a sub- stantive, expressed, or understood ; as, "/ew are happy," that is "/>er- ons ;" *' the green," that is, ^^ colour;'' " on the contrary f' that is, 'side." 10. The pronoun adjectives, which have a plural form, must agre« in number with their nouns; as, this book, these books; that sort, those sorts ; another road, other roads. 11. Adjectives must not be applied as adverbs ; as " miserable poor,'* instead of " miserably poor." 12. Double comparatives and superlatives should be avoided; as, ■ ** \corscr conduct ; the most straitest sect." SPELLING BOOK. 161 lor is used in 1, / entered. 13. AdjectireB that admit neither increase nor decrease of signifi- cation, cannot be compared ; as, rightf truet universal, perfect^ chiefs tircviar, <^c, 14. Personal pronouns have the same construction as the nouns tat which they stand. 15. Personal pronouns are not employed in the same part of a sen- tence as the noun which they represent ; as, the king he is just. 16. The personal pronouns must not be used for these and those; as, "give me them books;" instead of " those books." 17. The genitive its is improperly used for it is ; as, " its my book;** mstead of " it is my book." 18. The neuter pronoun it is applied to nouns and pronouns, what* ever may be their gender, or number j as, " it is he, it is she, it is they, it is the books." 19. Each, every, either, agree with nouns, pronouns, and verbs of iie singular number; each follows his own pursuit; every tree- w known by its fruit. 20. Either is used improperly instead of each ; " the King of Eng- land, and the Kjng of France, ^l either of them on his throne." 21. When two persons or things are spoken ^f in a sentence, and there is occasion to meiltion them again, that is used in reference to the former, and this in reference to the latter. " I prefer summer to winter; that is warm, this is cold." 22. Every relative relates to an antecedent expressed or understood, with which the relative must agree in person, gender, and number ; / who speak, thou who lovest, the dogs which bark. 23. If a nominative does nut come between the relative and verb, the relative shall be the nominative to the verb; as, Ac who speakg little is wise. 24. If a nominative come between the relative and verb, the rela- tive is governed by some word in its own member of the sentence; as, God, whom we worship, by whoie gift we live, and by whom all thinsfs are made, is eternal. 25. When the relaiive is preceded by two nominative cases of dif- ferent persons, the relative must agree with the latter; / am the person who writes to you. 2Q. As is often used as a relative ; " they are sucli comforts as we ran obtain ; the conditions are as follow." (In the first example, ».t is the objective after obtain ; in the second, as is the plutal nominative io follov.) 27. In grave writing, the relative should not be omitted ; as, the God whom we worship ; not the God we worship. 28. The pronoun that is used in preference to who or which. 1. After an adjective in the superlative degree, as, "it was the best tjutt I could procure." 2. After the word same, as, " the same that I saw yesterday." 3. After icho used in a question, as, " who that has any sense of duty would act thus?" 4 When persons make but part of the anttcedent, as, " the men and things that he has seen." ^ 162 THE CANADA^ ';Ij '*! 1^ '1 I,!'' 1 29. When the relative who follows than, the relative must be in the dbjective case ; as, "Alfred, than whom a greater king never ifeigned.** 30. A verb agrees with its nominative in number and person ; as, •• I pursue, he plays, the trees fall." The nominative is known by putting the question who ? or what f with the verb ; as, " John reads.^ Who reads? John. 31. Nouns are of the third person when spoken o/, and the second when spoken to. 32. The infinitive mood, or a part of a sentence, is often put as the nominative to the verb ; as, to walk is pleasant, to view the charms oj nature is pleasant. 33. When two or more nominatives in the singular number are connected by the conjunction and, expressed or understood, the verbs, nouns and pronouns, which refer to them, must be in the plural num- ber ; as, Socrates and Plato were wise, they were eminent philosophers.^ 34. If the singular nominatives which are joined together by and, be of different persons, in making the plural pronoun agree with them in person, the second takes place of the third, and the first of both ; as, "James, and thou, and I, are attached to our country." " Thou and he shared it between yoM.' 35. When two or more nominative cases singular are connected by tJie conjunctions or, nor, either, neither, the nouns, pronouns, and verbs, which refer to the nominatives, must be in the singular number; as, "fear or jealousy prevails; neither power nor wealth avails." 36. When singular nominatives of different person or numbers ar« joined by or, either, nor, neither, the verb must agree in number with that nominative which is placed nearest to it ; " he or his brothers wer^ tliere ; neither you nor I am concerned." 37. The infinitive mood is known by the sign to, and may depend upon verbs, participles, adjectives, or substantives ; as, " / desire U team, desiring to learn, desirous to learn, a desire to learn." 38. The sign to is omitted after bid, dare, need, make, see, hear, feel, let, and a few others ; as, " I bade him do it ; ye dare not do it ; I sa\» him do it; I heard him say it ; thou lettest him go." 3P. The infinitive mood is often used independently of the rest ol the sentence ; as, " to confess the truth, / was in fault." 40. Transitive verbs govern the objective case ; as, "1 love him, God rules the world.'''' 41. The auxiliary let governs the objective case ; as, " let me go." 42. Participles take the nature of adjectives; ^'■men professing lo be wise, became fools;" professing agrees as an adjective with the noun men. 43. The participle is employed as a noun. " I am tired with M«i/i« mg, i. e. with (he walk ; his being wounded, i. e. his wound, was the cause of pain." 44. When the participle in ing has an mrticle before it, it is followed bjr of; " by the observing of riilts we avoid mistakes ; this was a belraying of the trust." r SPELLING BOOK. 16H 1 the second 45. Participles of a transitive siguification govern an objective case ; M, '* I am tired with hearing Atm." 46. The participle may be used independently ; as, " his conducf, generally speaking, is honourable." 47. The perfect participle of certain intransitive verbs, (chiefly such ■B signify motion or change of condition,) follow am or have ; as, 1 am arisen ; I have arisen; I am come; I have come. 48. The perfect participle must not be used instead of the imperfect tense; "he begun,'^ for "he began;" "he run," for "he ran;" "he drunk" for "he drank." 49. The perfect participle, and not the imperfect tense of the yr J Oil ff€ hypocrites I " '1 '^1 1: 164 TH£ CANADA ABBREVIATIONS COMMONLY USED IN WRI IING AND PRINTING tfr * ■ ■ ■ A. B. or B. A. (ar'-ti" *im bac- ca-lau' 're-US.) Bachelor of Arts. A. D. (an'no Dom'-in-i.) In the year of our Lord. A. M. (an'-te me-rid'-i-em.) — Before noon. Or {an-no mun'-dL) In the year of the worid. A. U. C. {an -nour' -bis con-di- ta.) In the year of Rome. Bart. Baronet. B. D. (bac-ca-lau'-re-us div-in- i'ta'-tis.) Bachelor of di- vinity. B. M. (bac-ca luu'-re-us med-i- ci-na.) Bachelor of medi- cine. Co. Company. D. D. (div-in-it-a'-tis doc' -tor.) Doctor in Divinity. Do. (Ditto.) The like. F. A. S. {fra-ter-ni'ta'-tis an- ii-qua-ri-o'-rum so'-ci-vs.) Fellow of the antiquarian society. F. L. S. (fra-ter-ni-ta'tis JAn- ne-a'-na so'-ci-us.) Fellow of the Linnean Society. F. R. S. {fra-ter-ni-ta'iis rc- gi-a so'-ci-us) Fellow of the royal society. F. S. A. Fellow of the society of arts. Ibid, {ib-i-dem.) In the same place. I. e. (id-est.) That is. Inst. Instant, (or. Of thi« month.) Knt. Knight. K. B. Knight of the Bath. K. 6. Knight of the Garter. LL. D. (le-gum latarum ioc tor,) Doctor of laws. M 3). (med-i-ci-na doc-tor.) jt - or of medicine. x». ':in. {'nis-men'-to.) Remenv- ber. M. B. (med-i'Ci-na bac-ca-laU' re-US.) Bachelor of medi- cine. Messrs. or MM. Messieurs oi Misters. M. P. Member of parliament N. B. {no-ta be-ne.) Take no • tice. Nem. con. or Nem. diss, nem- i-ne con-tra-di-cen-te, or Ncmi-ne dis-sen-ti-en-te. ) Unanimously. No. (nu-me-ro.) Number. P. M. {post me-rid'-i-em.) Af ternoon St. Saint, or Street. Ult. {ul'-ti-mo.) Last, or of last month. y.R. (Victoria regi ma.) Vic toria, queen. Viz. ( Vi-dcl'-i-ceti) Namely, 6Lc..(ctcet-r-ra.) And so on, And such like, or. And the rest. SPELLING BOOK. IM FIGURES AND NUMBERS. I (sieurs or Arabic. Roman. One - - Two - - Three - Four • - - five - • - *iix. - - - - «5evea - - £ight - - Kin^ - - - Fen - - - Eleven - - twelve - Thirteen - Fourteen - Fifteen- - Sixteen - Seventeen Eighteen Nineteen Twenty - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 • 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 - 17 - 18 - 19 - 20 - I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX Twenty-one Twenty-five Thirty - - - Forty • - - Fifty Sixty - - - Seventy - - Eighty - - Ninety - - One hundred Two hundred Three hundred Four hundred Five hundred Six hundred Seven hundred Eight hundred Nine hundred - One thousand - One thousand eight hundred and forty. 1840. NUMERATION TABLE. «§ 3 p o S P." o • B . • 7 8 7 9 8 7 a a. ^1 o 9 5 4 6 5 4 6 5 4 6 5 4 6 5 4, §• , 1 3 1 3 2 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 Arabic Rfimati, 21 . XXI 25 ' XXV 30- XXX 40 • XL 50 • L 60 . LX 70 . LXX 80 . . LXXX 90 . XC 100 . C 200 . CC 300 . ccc 400 . ■ CCCG 500 . D 600 . ?! 700 . . D^ iJ 800 . . DCOG 900 . . DCt JC 1000 . M fIDCC CXf, One. Twenty-one Three Hundred and twenty- ooe. 4 thousand 331. 54 thousand 321. 654 thousand 331. 7 million 654 thousand 331. 87 million 654 thousand 331. 987 million 654 thousand 331. ARITHMETICAL TABLES. Pence Table. 8. d M pence are . . . 1 •0. 1 8 M S M 3 6 •6 3 40 3 4 «8 4 60 pence are . 60 70 73 80 84 90 «. 4 6 6 6 6 7 7 3' 96 pence axe. 0100 10 108 . 110 . 130 . 130 . s. 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 • > • 1 decree of a tiOi Knglish miles. $ ... great circle . 144 9 English Square Measure. square inches make.. 1 square foot square feet 1 square yard. '»»•■.--'■"' V^T«°^ 80^ square yards 1 purclu 40 perches 1 rood. 4 roods 1 acre. French Square Measure. 144 square inches make ... 1 square foot. 86 square feet 1 square toise. 9 square toiset 1 square perch. 100 square perches 1 arpeuts. English Cubic Measure. 1733 cubic inches make ... 1 cubic foot. ( 1 yard or load oi I eat S7 cubic feet Cloth Measure. 4 nails make 1 quarter. 4 quarters 1 prd. i t qinarters 1 English ell. French Long Measure. U lines make 1 inch. It inches 1 foot. 6 feet 1 toisc. 8 toisei 1 perch. 10 perohes .r* 1 arpent. M arpeuts I league. earth. 40 feet of rough timber ) , ,„ ^^ ,^ * 60 feet hewn timber.. . J » to° •f »oa(L 43feetmake P ^°°, «'' '^V ( P"'g' French Cubic Measure. 1738 cubic inches make ... 1 foot. 316 cubic feet 1 toise. 128 feet, viz. S feet long, 4 feet high, m4 4 feet thick, make 1 cord of wood. Wine Measure. 4 gills make 1 pint. 3 pints 1 quarL 4 quarts 1 galicn. 03 gallons 1 hogshead. 84 gallons 1 puucbeo&. 3 hogaheads 1 pipe or bote 2 pipes A • • 1 tuu. SPELL I NO noOK. 167 Mi and Bar Mtoiurt. pbu wake >•• I quart. quarU 1 |alloii. ralloM 1 brkia. Srkiui I kilderkin. kiltlerkiui 1 barrel. 1| barrel 1 hoglhead. t hogtbeadi I butt. Dry Meanure, t pinU make 1 quart. 4 quarts 1 gallon. a lalloni •> 1 peck. 4 peckt *'»' 1 bushel. ft bushels 1 quarter. & quarters 1 wvy. t weys I la»t. Minot of Canada. (M French cubic inches .... 1 Paris pot. to (>ots 1 tuiuut. 60 Time. seconds make 1 miuute. minutes 1 hour. hours 1 day. 7 diiys 1 week. MS4 days 1 year. Thirty days are iu September, April, Juuc, and in November; February has twenty -eight alouef And all the rest have thirty-one, Vow sum them up, and let me hear, How many days are iu a year. Nors. — Every fourth year, one day it ad 44d to Feb ruary. Astronomif. 60 thirdj make 1 Mcond. 60 seconds 1 minute. 60 minutes 1 degree. 30 degrees 1 *>)(». I'i signs «. A great circle* Cnminercial I^lumbert. 1) articles of any kind ... 1 dozen. 13 do 1 long doteOi 13 dor.) n 1 gross. •20 articles 1 score. 6 (Cure 1 hundred. 6 score 1 great lOOi. 3 (lux. skins |>archmt'Dt . . 1 roll. '24 sheets paper 1 quire. 20 quire 1 ream. '2 riams 1 bundle. 0/ Booki. The largest size i* — Folio, which contains 2 learea in « sheet J9L Quarto 4 leaves or tl pages 4(0. Octavo 9 dw or 16 do 8ml Duodecimo .1'2 do or 24 do Mint. Octodecimo .Is do or 86 do iHino. -{- Flvi, sign of addition. — Mhnu, *• of lubtractioa. X Into, " of multiplication, -f. By, ** of division. r= Equai. : : : ; Proportion. PRACTICE TABLES. Aliquot parts of a Pound, Shilling;, ^c. Of Sixpence, 6'fa Ton. vt. fr. Ih. MOO ton. S li 2 f = 1 qr. 3 1 9 1 TFT Aliquot parts of a Ton, Ctvt, Qr. SfC. OfaCvi. OfTqr. yr. i 16 14 8 ev4. E I tV tV lb. 24 7 i 9 1 = I 1 TT 1. s » Ofa'PounL' ot, tt. 8 4 3 1 t'» THE CANADA A MORNING HYMN. on thy servants, that we may enter into thy gates witK thanksgiving, and into thy courts with praise; that we maybe thank- ful unto thee, and bless thy name. All we ask is for the sake of Je- sus Christ, our only Saviour and Redeemer. Our Father, who art in heaven. Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom (;i3me. lliy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And fijrgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation' but dciiver us from evil, for thine is the kingdom, the power and glory, for ever and ever. Amen. H^ Sunday Evening. O LoKD our God, thou art infinitely good, and thou hast shewed ui what is good. Thou sendestout thy light and thy truth, that they maf guide us, and makest plain thy way before our face. Thou givest U9 many opportunities and advantages, to quicken and further us in thy service. — We have line upon line, and precept upon precept ; thy mes- aengers early and late to open and apply thy word, to call and waniv to direct and exort us, with ail long-suffering. But how little have we improved all the precious talents which thou hast putinto our hands. Lord thou mightest justly take away the Gospel of thy kingdom from us, and give it unto another people, who would bring forth the fruits thereof Because thou hast called, and we refused, thou hast stretched forth thy hands and we have not regarded, thou mightest leave us to our own perversencss and impenitence, till our iniquities oecome our ruin. But,0 Lord God, enternot th\is into judgment wilii thy senra&tti SPKLLINO BOOK. 171 Pardon all our contempt of thy word, and our not profiting thereby; And help us for the time to come better to improve the blessed opportunities set before us. As the rain descends from heaven and returns not thither, but waters the earth and maketh it fruitful ; so let not thy word return unto thee void, but prosper in the work wh€reunto thou seudest it. make it effectual to build us all up in the true fear and love of God, and in the right knowledge and faith of our Lord Jesua Christ. la mercy pass by all which thjr most pure and holy eyes have seen amiss in us tliis day. Forgive the iniquities of our holy things; overlook all our sins and failings through our great Mediator and Redeemer, who ever lives at thy right hand to make intercession for us. And for Jesus Christ, and all which thou art pleased to give us together with him, not unto us, Lord, but unto thy name be all the praise, and honour, and glory, humbly ascribed by us, and all thy Church, now and ibr evermore I Our Fatlier, &c. Monday Morning. We humble ourselves, O Lord of heaven and earth, before th)' glorious Majesty. We acknowledge thy eternal power, wisdom, good- ness and truth; and desire to render thee most unfeigned thanks, for all ihe beneftts wliich thou pourest upon us, but, above all, for thine inestimable love, in the redemption of the world by our Lord Jesu« Christ. We implore thy tender mercies in the torgiveness of our sins, where- by we have offended either in thought, word, or deed. We desire to be truly sorry for all our njisdoings, und utterly to renounce what- ever is contrary to thy will. — And as thou dost inspire us with these desires, so accompany them always with thy grace, that we may every day give ourselves up to thy service. And we desire, thou knowest, the good of all mankind, especially wf all Christian people; that the/ may all walk worthy of the Gospel, and live together in unity and Christian love. For which end we pray that all Christian Kings, Princ«'s, and (lovernors, may be wise, pious, just and merciful, endeavouring tiiat ail their subjectsrnay lead peaceable lives in all godliness and honesty ; and more particularly that our Sovereign, Queen Victoria, v/itli rrince Albert, may be blessed With a religious, quiet, long, and prosj)eriju.^ reign; and that all in au- thority, under her, may seek, in their several stations, to right the op- prer^aed, to comfort the afflicted, to provide for the poor and needy, and to relieve all those that are in misery. Bless all our friends, re- lations, and acquaintances, that we may all live in perfect love and peace together, and rejoice together at the great day of the Lord Jesus; Ml whose holy words we sum up all our wants. Our Father, &c irs 1 ''. il THE CANADA Monday Evening. AunGHTT and most merciful Father, in whom we live, move, and have our being ; to whoee tender compassions we owe our safety ihe day past, together with all the comforts of this life, and tiie hopes o! that which is to come : we praise thee, Lord, we bow ourselves be- fore the», acknowledging we have nothing but what we receive from thoe. Blessed be thy goodness for our health, for our food and raiment, foi our peace and safety, for the love of our friends, for all our blessings i,i this life, and our desire to attain that life which is immortal. Renew in us, we beseech thee, a lively image of thee, in all righ). eousness, purity, mercy, faithfulness, and truth. — that Jesus, ihehcp^ of glory, may be formed in us, in all humility, meekness, patience, aiii! a surrender of our souls and bodies to thy holy will ; that every on*; av see many good days under her government. that true v:- tigion, justice, mercy, broilierly kindness, and all things else thatar«j nraiseworthy, may so flourish among us, that we may enjoy the bles- fciugs of peace and plenty, and there may be no complaining ia tjur| iitrem& \ SPELLING BOOK. 173 We comend to thee all our friends and neighbours^ all. th« poor, th« sick and the afflicted, and we beseech thy compassion for ail who ar« strangers, and in distress. O God, whose never-failing providence grdereth all things, both in heaven and earth, keep them and us from all hurtful things, and give us such things as are profitable for us in time and eternity, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Our Father, &c. Tuesday Evening, AwiiGHTY and everlasting God, the Sovereign Luru of all creatures m heaven and earth, we acknowledge tha t our being, and all its comforts depend on thee the Foaniain of all good. We have nothing but what IS owing to thy free and bounteous love, O most blessed Creator, and to the riches of thy grace, most blessed Redeemer. We implore thy pardon for all that thou hast seen amiss in us, during the day that we are now concluding. We confess that Ave are exceed- ingly prone to leave undone the things which we oua^htto do, and to do the things which thou hast prohibited. be merciful to us and bless us, and cause thy face to shine upon us that we may be saved.™ Increase every good desire which we feel already in our hearts ; let us always live asbecomes thy creatures, and the disciples of Jesus Christ, And the same mercies that we beg for ourselves, we desire for the rest of mankind. that all who are seated on the throne may be ten- der-hearted, as the parents of their country ; and all their subjects may be dutiful and obedient to them, as their children ; that the Pastors of thy Church may feed their flocks with true wisdom and understanding, and the people all may submit unto them, and follow their godly coun- sels; that the rich may have compassion on the poor and miserable ; and all such distressed people may bless the rich and rejoice in the prosperity of those that are above them. Give to husbands and wives, parents, and ciiildren, masters and servants, the grace to behave them- selves so in their several relaiions, that they may adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour in all things, and receive of him a crown of glory. Our Father, &c. Wednesday Morning, GOD blessed for ever, we thank and praise thee for all thy benefits, for the comforts of this life, and our hope of everlasting salvation iu the Ufe to come. We desire to have a lively sense of thy love always possessing our hearts, that may still constrain us to love thee, to obey thee, to trust in thee, to be content with the portion thy love allot, Mutc ui, and to rejoice even in the midst oi'all the troubles of this life. 174 THE CANADA I i Lord we confess with sorrow of heart, that we deserve not the leasf ©f all thy mercies. We are too apt to forget thee and all thy goo*!- ness ; and though our necessities compel us to pray to thee, yet Loid we are too ready to forsake ihee. Do thou grant us forgireness, and the assistance of thy Holy ftj irit, that we rnay cleave to thee in right- eousness, ui lowlirKJSs, and pu.ity of heart. Let thy nigiiiy power enable us to do our duty towards thee and toward u.a, with care, diligence, and zeal, and perseverance totne end. lidlp i/s to be meek and gentle in our conversation, prudent and discreet in ordering our alTairs, observant of thy fatherly providence in every thing that befalls us, thankful for thy benefits, patient under thy chastisements, and readily disposed for every good word and work. Bless our gracious Sovereign, and her illustrious consort, with her counsellors and ministers, and her representatives in these provinces. BIpss all employed in public business, whether spiritual or civil, that whatever they domay be for thy glory, and thepublic good. Be gra- cious to all who are near and dear to us, and keep us all in thy fear and love, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Our Father, &c. ■Vi- Wednesday Evening. Lord, how manifold are thy works ! in wisdom hast thou made them all. The day is thine, the night also is thine ; thou hast pre pared the light and the sun. We render thee thanks for all the be nefits which thou hast bestowed on us, and the whole vorld. We approach thee in the Saviour's name, and relying on the merits of his atoning blood, for of ourselves we are utterly unfit to appear in thy presence. We thank thee for providing a new and living way, whereby we can have access to thee. And we humbly beseech thee to command thy blessing on us who are now bowsd at the footstool of thy mercy seni. O that thou woujdst bless U£ indeed, and preserve us from ev. ■ ; lay we flourish as the corn, and grow as the vine, — may we be ii uees planted by the rivers of Witter, '-hich bring forth their fruit indue season. let every sinful propensity be totally destroyed, and be graciously pleased to establish thy kingdom in our hearts. Remember all those who have done good unto us, and reward them seven-fold into their bosom. Grant forgiveness and charily to all our enemies ; and continue good will arnon^ all our neighbours. Support the sick with faith and patience ; assist those who are leaving this world. Receive the souls thou hast redeemed with thy Son's precious Wood, and sanctified by the Holy Ghost ; and give us all a glorioua resurrect '.cr »nd eternal life. Our Father, &c. n 1 SPELLING BOOK. 176 ids thee and jrance to the Thursday Morning. Lord t)\r\ art the hope of all ihc ^i". as of the earth. — Upon thee the eyes of all 'rrM-for thou givest u; to all life, and breath, and all things. Thot: ?>.lA Vy.ttchest over us fok ^ood ; thou daily renewest to v.s oar lives, and thy mercies ; and thou hast given us iht ;*dsurauce o/thy word, that if we commit our affaiis to t'le**, if we acknowledge ilieein all our ways, thou wilt diroct our paths. Preserve us, we beseech ihee, from all ignorance, hardness of heart, and contempt of thy word and commandments. — Save us from the delusions of the devil, or of our own evil hearts. Let us never fancy w* shall get to heaven, while we have not entered on the path that will conduct us thither. may we never lose sight of the declara- tions of thy holy word, that we must be born again— that old things . nust be done away and all things become new. Raise us, we beseecii thee, from a death in sin to a life of righteousness, and enable us all to say from happy experience, that as far as the east is from the west, even so far hast thou removed our sins from us. Thou hast laid help for us upon One that is mighty, that is able to save unto the uttermost all those that come unto God through him. Put thy spirit within us, causing us to walk in thy statutes, and to keep thy judgments, and do them. gracious Father, keep us, we pray thee, this day in thy fear and favour, and teach us, in all our thoughts, words, and works, to live to thy glory. If thou guide us not, we go astray ; if thou uphold us not, we fall. Let thy grace, Lord Jesus, thy love, heavenly Father, and thy comfortable fellowship, blessed Spirit, be with us this day and for evermore. Our Father, &c. Thursday Evening. Lord our God, thy glory is above all our thoughts, and thy mercy is over all thy works. We are still living monuments of thy mercy ; for thou hast not cut us off in our sins, but still givest us a good hope, and strong consolation through grace. Thou hast sent thy only Son into the world, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish in his sins, but have everlasting life. Lord, we believe ; help our unbelief; and give us the true repentance toward God, and faith in our Lord Jesus Giirist, that we may be in the number of those whw do indeed repent, and believe to the saving of the soul. Being justified by faith, let us have peace with God, through our Lord Jesus Christ. Thou knowest, Lord, all our temptations, and the sin that doth so easily beset us. Thou knowest the devices of the enemy, and th* deceufulness of our own hearts. We pray thee, good Lord, that thou wilt arm us with the whole armour of^God, Uphold us with thy free spirit, and watch over us for good evermore. L«t our supplications also ascend before thee for the whole rao€ of 176 THE CANADA. mankind. Be gracious to this our land. O do ihon rule all our njlera, »'.ounsiel all our counsellors, teach all our ifjachers, and order all the puiblic affairs to thy glory. And now, O Father of mercies, he pleased to accept our evening sacrifice of praise and ihauksgivinff. that thou wouldst imprint ai»d preserve upon our hearts a lively sense of all thy kindness to us, tliat our s(,!ils may bless thee, and all that is within us may praise thy holy name. Our Father, kc. '':i :')i Fi'iday Mortdng. Lord God, merciful and gracious, long suffering and abundant in goodness and trutii ; thou keepest mercy for ihf)usauds ; thou pardoiv- est iniquity and transgression and sin. How excellent is thy loving kindness, God ! The children of men shall put their trust under the shadow of thy wings. And therefore do we still look up to that bountiful hand, from whence we have received all our good things. Lord our God, be favourable unto us, as thou usest to be unto those that love :hy holy name I look not u])on the sin of our nature, nor the sins of our hearts and lives, which are more than we can remem- ber, and greater than we can express. It is of the Lord's mercies* tbat we are not consumed — because thy compassions fail not. God, bo merciful unto us miserable sinners, for his sake whom thou hast e\alied to be a Prince and a t^'aviour, to give repentance unto thy pei)[)!e, and forgiveness of sins, J>e merciful, God, be mer- ciful unto our souls, whicli have greatly sinned against thee. O heal our baekslidings, renew us to repentance; establish our hearts in thy fear and love ; atid t'slabiish our goings iii ihy wny, th?.t our footsteps slip not. And now that thou hast renewed our lives and thy mercies to us ihi-s niorp'ng, help us to renew our desires and resoiuiions and endeavour.^ to liv«i m obedience to thy holy will. restrain us from the sins into which we are most prone to fall, and qiiirken us to the duties we ar^' most averse to perform ; and gran; iiat we may think, and speak, and will, and do, the ;hings becoming the children of our heavenly Father, liirough Jesus Christ our Lord. Our Father, &c. A'' Friday Evenir<^, LoRTt, thou wast be'b-e all, U'ou art pbove all, and thy years shall not fail. Thou art the scorch- ^ of iir hearts ; thou knowest the dull- ness and hardness, the vanity an . d( <-citfulness of them. We were born sinners, and so have we lived. We have added sin to sin ; we have abused thy great and manifold mercies, tempted thy patience, and despised thy goodness ; and;ustly mightest thou have cast usint* outer darkness, where is wailing and gnashing of teeth. 8PSLLINO BOOK. 177 But of thy loving kindnesses there is no number. Thou still callest as to return to thee ; and whosoever cometh to thee, thou wilt in no wise cast out, meet us with thy heavenly grace, that we may be able to come to thee. Be thou graciously pleased to stretch forth thy hand, and loose the chains wherewith our souls are entangled. O free us from every weight of sin, and from every yoke of bondage. O help us to feel and bewail, and forsake all our sins : and let us never want the comfortable assurance of thy forgiveness of them, thy accept- ance of us, and thy love to us, in the blessed Son of thy eternal love. Continue thy mercies to this sinful land; teach us at length to know fhy will concerning us ; and turn tliou all our hearts unto thee as the heart of one man. Bless the Queen, and Prince Albert ; and grant unto all Magistrates, and Ministers of thy word, every needful blessing. Be thou a father to the fatherless, a husband to the widow, a refuge to tlie oppressed, a physician to the sick, a, helper of the friendless, and a Gcd of consolation to the sorrowful and distressed, and to thy name, i) blessed God of our salvation, be ail praise, glory and honour as- cribed now and for evermore. Our Father, &c. Saturday Morning. Wn present ourselves before thee, Lord our God, to pay our in- hute of prayer and thanksgiving ; desiring thee mercifully to accept ii> ;inii our services throu^rli Jesus Christ. In his great name we come 10 beg ihy pardon and peace, the increase of thy grace, and the token** of thy love ; for we are not worthy of the least of thy mercies ; bu l worthy is the Lamb that was slain to take away the sin of the world. O leach us to know thee our God, and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent ; and enable us to do thy will on earth, as it is done in heaven. Give us to fear tliee and to love thee, to trust and delight in thee, and to cleave to thee with full purpose of heart, that no tempiatioi)-* may draw us or drive us from thee ; but that all thy dispensations to us, and thy dralings with us, may be the messengers ol thy love lu our souls. Quicken us, Lord, in our dullness, that we may not serv^ thee in a lifeless and listless manner; but may abound in thy work, und be fervent in spirit, serving the Lord. And miike us faithful in all our intercourse with our nei^:hbour, that we may be ready to dcj a^ood aiid bear evil, that we may bi' just and kind, merciful and meek, jx-aco- p hie and patient, sol)er and temperate, humbk' and self-denying, in- otfeusiveand useful in the world; that so glorifying thee here, we may be gloriUed with thee in thy heavenly kingdom. Our l-'ather ^t. Saturday Ecnxing. THOU high and holy One, that inhabitest eternity, thou art to he feared and loved by all thy t^ervants. All thy works praise ihee,%(> God ; ani we especially give thanks unio thee, for thy marvellous love m THE CANADA ID Christ Jesus, by whom thou hast reconciled the world to thyself. Thou hast given u^ exceeding ^reat and precious promises ; thou hast sealed them ^.^iih his blood, thou hast confirmea them by his resurrection and ascension, and the coming of the Holy Ghost. God, purify our hearts, that we may entirely love thee, and re- joice in being beloved of thee ; that we may confide in thee, and be filled with constant devotion toward thee.— -Let us use this world as not abusing it. Keep us from being wise in our own conceit. Lei our moderation be known to all men. Make us kindly afTectioneti one to another; to delight in doing good ; to show all meekness to all men ; to render to all their dues : tribute to whom tribute is due; cus- tom to whom custom, fear to whom fear, honour to whom honour, and to owe no man any thing, but to love one ano^i«er. And help us to pray alwaj's and not faint; in every thing to give tit^nks, and offer up the sacrifice of praise continually; to rejoice in hope of thy glory ; to possess our souls in patience, and to learn in whatsoever state we are, therewith to be content. Bless these provinces, and give us grace at length to bring forth fruits meet for repentance. Lord, save the Queen, and establisli her throne in righteousness. Bless all who are in authority under her, and over us ; may they be a terror to evil doers and a praise to them that do well. And all we ask is through the merits of Jesut> Christ our Lord. Our Father, &c. ji Prayer on entering Church, Let the words of my mouth, and the meditations of my heart, ht acceptable in thy sight, Lord! my strength, and my iledeemer Amen. I- { He/ore leaving Church. Lord, may the words I have heard be treasured up in my me mor\% and duly influence my practice, through thy Son our Saviou Jesus Christ. Amen. Grace before Meat. Blessed be thy name, O Lord, for this and every instance of thv goodness. Sanctify us to thy service, through Jesus Christ. Ameim Grace after Meat. ^m these, and all bis other mercies, God*s holy name be blessed and praised, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. flPELLINO BOOK. irv Oemral dirediotu in order to the leading a CkrUtian life. Begin every day with God, and go not out of your chamber before you have performed your bounden duty of prayer and praise. Walk all the day long in the fear of God. Wherever you are, or whatever you are doing, remember that the eye of God is upon you. Shun idleness, in whatever station of life you are, and know, that k is the part of a wise man to have always something to do. Avoid the common but odious vices of slander and talebearing ; strive to live in peace with all men, and to cultivate a meek, courteous, and benevolent disposition. Speak the truth on all occasions without dissimulation ; be sincere and upright in all your conversation ; for he only is a Christian indeed, in whom there is no guile. In all your concerns with others, be they little or much, let this be the constant rule and measure of your actions, namely, to do unto other t as you would they should do unto you. In every time of troubk think upon God and his gracious promise, that all things shall work together for good,to them that love and serve him. If you are a householder, call your family together, at least every evening, to join in supplications to Him, in whom they live and move, and have their being:. If you aire a child or servant, endeavour to be always withm at the time of prayer. Never lay yourself down to rest before you have prayed in private, and recommended yourself to the Divine protection. Always say grace beibre and after meals. Wheth$r yon tad •r innk^ or whatever you do^ do all to the glory of God. Dirediona fcr the Lord^s Day* Be sure to spend the Lord's Day well — take care to avoid the sinthl practice of fishing or fowling, or otherwise transgressing the div^e command, to " Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy." Make your children and servants go with you to your place of wrr- ship ; and take care not to come late to church ; be always liiere, if possible, before divine service begins. — Be sure not to loiter about U»e church door. Avoid the too frequent custom of sitting at the time of prayer— this evinces the greatest want of consideration — always kneel or stand. Do Bot give way to sleep or wandering thoughts. After divine service, spend the remainder of the day in reading re- igious books, and recollecting what you have heard at chnrcii. THE END.