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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commengant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboies suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fiimds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droits, et de haut en bas, en prenant ie nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants Sllustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 I ■• 2 3 4 5 6 V J f \) '->'j ■/ PLAN for Promoting the Fur-Trade, and Securing It to This Countay, by UnU'ing the Operations of The East -I NDi A and Hudson's-Bay Companys. by LONDON, Printed by GEORGE BIGG, 1789. *.^ \ '*|5^^ f I ^'»»»»~ I PREFACE. An the following Memoir I have omitted mentioning the Report inferred in Sir Humfrcy Gillx;rt's " Difcowfe for a ficiv PoJJiige to Catn'ia^'' on the authority of SahaTerra^'xw 1568, thatp'riar AndroUrdancta, more than 8 years before tliat dale, eamc from the South Sea througli this NW Pafliige to (icrmany, and tliat Urdamla had at Mexico fhewn Salvu Terra " a Sea Can! made by his *• own experience, and travel, in that Voyage : wherein " was plainly fet down and defcribed this North Weft *' Paftage ; agreeing in all points with Hortclius Map." I am convinced there is Ibmc miflake in this report : at the fnme time, /hulrcs Unhmeta, though in the latter part of his life he became an AuguiVm Friar, was a very celebrated Navigator and Cofmograiiher, after he had taken orders, He was defircd by an cspicf. letter from the King of Spain, to pilot the Fleet to the Philipinas in 1564, when Txgafpi went to fettle tlufe Klands : IJrdaneta did fo, and r-.tvuned ill i5(')5, by the track ullially praftilld afterwards by the Manila (ndleoiis ; I was aHlircd, by Don Maiuicl Trilvcz, at Samboangan in 1761, that the Ciiart, then in nic with the Pilot.-;, was originally that of L'rdancta : of thi>, a copy has iiccn publilned in Lord Anfon's V'ovage. Urdancca's Hiftoiy is circuniiVantially recited bv Fray Gafpar de San Auguftin, "' but it is. not mentioned there, or in any Spaniih Memons I have fccn, that Urdaiieta made the PafTage Salva Terra alledgea ; but Urdancta may Coiuiuiflas de lae Idas Pliil'ipioas, Madicd i6y8, folio. ,,,v h.vc boeu in poft'dnoa of Portugucfc Map., rcprc- <,uing inch Diicovcy ; for he was Captain u. L«y a . Squadron, which departed from Spain in 1525-. ^^ was left ,t tlic Malucos in that early circumnavigation, and alter remaining there feveral year., He returned to Spain, in 1536, by ilie way of Portugal* 1 am aware that by the South-Sea Company's Charter, the Trade and Navigation of the NW Coaft ot America, is exckifivelv granted to that Company, or to luch 1 erlons ,s thev hccncc to trade lliithcr ; without enquiring whether ,U.t dMo^ates the antecedent Rights of The l^aft-In .a Company ^.y Charter; It cannot be doubted. Ihe South-Sea Company's rermiHion would be granted, if requlfite for the Publick lntercl>. I cannot co.K-lude without making my acknowledgements to The IIudl-on'.-Hay Company, for their very hbeial com- nuuucation of the luany S:a:.ys and Oblervations that have been made at their expcnce ; indeed inch works are only to be expeaed from Publlck Body. ; and if ever a charge could have been made .vi:h j^^Ucc againll That Company for mvaerious concealment, nothing of this nature can be imputed to The Prcfent Managers. % \tlrumji(t:. H iSih March, 178'^ * There is .n nnachroniu. in Sir H. Gilbert's 7)//:.«v/^, for it is J.tcd . ;66, ,vc he mca.ioas S.Uva Terr, having given thi^ iulormation m l.ckmd ,568. I ft Januai-y, 17th March, 1789. The Difcovery oU NIF Pafage, has been a favourite Objeft of Purfuit, from the remoteft period of our Navigation ; but the early idea of fuch a Papge has been much mifconccived, for it did not mean what lias been in modern Times underftood by the NW Pafage. The idea, when that Pafliige was firft attempted b> the Enghfti, was to reach the Coaf of Cataya, or Tarhin by faihng tt) the Northward of America ; This appears clearly by the Maps, belonging to Sir Humfrey Gilbm^ Difcourfe, written in 1566, printed 1576; and to the Voyages of FrobiJJ.S Eaftward ihrough the /^v^"*-- Sea. The Oli-a of the Engli.h in the early attempts for ,„e difoverv of a NW I'.fligC "as not only to feilto "he-intercourfe with the Eart, but to open a "^"Ic/, of C«»»,.v.v, in the Countries thro wh.ch 1 P a, ge was expeaed to load the .A.,,„„.. AV.- The Public are well acquainted with the attettlp.s ;:t ' „S^ Succeflor. >««!. and CWrr L but . F,a not ..encrallv known, that the ObjeCl oi to- he »,W, of M.S<.//.««, w- *e D,Jcovny o M?^ pV^ from the IVeJ! Confl of Am.b.ca, wh^t ^mptlfs fruftrated, by the Storem.p partu.g company ^ i I ( 3 and returning to England: This curious Fafl is clearly eftablifticd by a letter to Burgom;^(lcr JFitfen^ from Greenville Collins, Hydrographer to the A7//^, the well- known Author of Great Britain's Coajling-Pilot, who was on board with Sir John Narborough in his Foj'age to the South-Sea^ 1 669, • The Hudfon's Bay Company received their Charter m this year; and therefore we may fuppofe The Government meant, by that Entcrprizc, to have given tliem, at their outfet, an cHeiitial adiftancc: There appear to have been, for almoft a Century after, nothing more than feeble attempts n;ade towards Difcovcry: hut in 1741, at the inftigation of Arthur Dohhs Efq, Capt. Middleton was fent, on this ICntcrpri/.c, with the Furnace Bomb-Ketch, and a Tender: tho' this Voyage was unfucccfsful in the ulti- mate C)bjc(fl, very conlldcrable Difcovcries were made: amongft the rol^ an Inlet, named IViigcr River bv Capt. MiddLloti, but wliich xMr. IVMn contended was a Strait: This produced a controvcifv, carried on with great acrimony, but without much Public Informa- tion ; however, in 1746, another Expedition took place, by Private Subfcription, The Parliament having offered a reward, of Xio,ooo, to the fortunate Adventurers wh'j fhould difcover a NW Paflhge. The \\llcl.s were the Dobbs, commanded by Capt. Moor, who wa.s Captain of the Tender that accompanied Middleton, and the California, commanded by Capt. Francis Smith: in tiic former Mr. Ellis was Draughtfman. Ti ic ' Noal & Oft Tartaryc fr Amficrdam lidlt. .69: p. ;6C. Edit, i^-c; y. 9, ,. J. o " ( 4 ) The only important Difcoverics made in thb Voyage were, tracing the ^'^ag-er to its fource, in a Large Lake* jfluing by an unnavigable Stream: and The Disco- very, whicii was made by their Boats, of a large In/et iii 64? N; They found this In/ci to lye NNW by Compafs, or Variation ji? allowed '' NW^W, having in the middle of it I'cvcral Ulands. 7". Swaine Drage, Ckrk of the Ca/ifor/ira, names This Inlet, BotvJen's ; El/is calls it Chcfcrjicld : by wlucli lafl name it is commonly known: It not having been traced to the End in 1747, The HudfotCi- Bay Company had it examined in 1761, and I76z, by Capt. Cbrijlophcr and Mr. Norioti, who went up this Lilet 'till they found it terminatf in a large frr^j-ivaler Lake, into which a fiimlt Jhcam juns from the Wcft- ;vard. The Huiif'jii's-Bay Company have, with the greatcft liberality, communicated to mc, the Journals and Plans of th" Voyage in 1 762 ; Ix-forc I got them, 1 alfo received from Mr. If'aks, Mathematical Maftcr ot' Chrifl's Hofpital, a MS. Chart, which he aflured me was an exa6l copy made from the Original at Churchill, when he was there to obferve the T'ranfj of retius, in 1769: This MS. making the Inlet run diredly Well:, ivithout ' In a Mup, by the Indians, in the Collcftion of the lIuilfon'i-li*y Company, there is an /«/« tailed Stur\;con Riiicr, wliich appears to he the U'ager, 'J'he l.akt at the head of It, is ni;idc to communicate with the AraibaptfLOW Lake. * £int make* the Variation 35'.' W or about NWbW^W. ; I f ( 5 ) f 5 wUhotit IJfanJsy except one at the Erttranec^ mlflcd me to think, that the /«/<•/, explored in 1762, v/as not the Chejicrfidd^ or Bowdctt, Inlet, hut another, very little to the Southward of //, the Entrance whereto is indicated in L7//j'j large Chart'. But the four different PA/w, communicated by the Huiifon's-Uay Company, tlio' not cxadly amformablc to each other, concur in marking many //lands in this Inlet; and, inflcad of making it fun I'^eji, give it a NWeftcrly dircdlion for the firft ^ly miles from its Entrance ; and therefore I muft conclude that it was the Chcjierfeld, or Bcwden, Inlet ^ which C-iJt. Chrijhphcr and Mr. Norton explored to its head in 1762, altho' they make the Latitude 15' more Southerly than rcprefcntcd in i747» This Inlet is navigable "t more than zoo f', t*ecu^e any tiling contrary to tiicir iiii-'liiiaiion. I have long fufpeflcd all the NVV part K^'i Htul/hns- Bay to be broken Ijhinds : tlic diipuiitioii of Jhlinty up parts unexplored., is one of the Curfes to which Geogr,ipljers are fubjetft, and this is no where more villble, rlian on comparing tlie various Charts, printed and manufcript, of the irejl'fide of lIudfoH's-Bay. They arc ;ill difcordaut C iuid. ( 6 ) ,,a iaciiaina ; Kvcry following Voyage imd^ more .,..v;/mci i.» the L.«./: and k Joe. t.ot require au J./r^^ iu r,v;.r./.Ay U) clctca ihc flagrA.)t abfurchty, of prcteiKUng „> ha?e ac^crmiaccl, by .SV./-0/y^vr.//.;;3, in a (ew clxj's, ,,,u ,1,0,-c .re no um/i/lovcrcJ Ckwncls, in Inch extcn- li^c Soun.h. as H'.^cr a..d ac/?.':^A/; at the fKnac tl.ne a A<:^-./;- -/ ^--. >. very far from //-^//J^ .,« .,r^V.../.v: .•hat I have hereiaul, muil not be .aliunde. ilood to nnply, that I ^.V.... or even Hp,^ there is a Sca-CommuHluitio?i from iMfon s-lmy to the /^;a>vt Ocean : There is no ciicumf^autial report to ouutenance flu:h au opinion, and The //.#>« .-^.^ Con,p..y i>. nyo. ^nU and 177^' ^-^S ^^ m/iLuc to travel inland from C/.^rcM to the N\\ , du. P.../ .s poflive, (.f all the UJ^es and KZ-av. he pal ed ,.ore frc/h w.Ur, a.ul he fays nothing to imply the contrary) that there can be no Sca-Connnunicaf^n under .v.'NJ,-th Latitude,' in about whieh Latitude he reaehcd t'h"e Hvpcrhrr.n Se.. There is a very curious M.p ui the JMi/l!^s.B,yCo.p^<,^^s CoUcdion. made ^X (-;/«' Y';- dcfeibiiK^ the parts to the Northward and W efhvard of t^Ml: It dellribes Rivers, or In!e., ftiU unknowa ,0 7^.-^.v... and makes lonie c,f them ------ v^ith the Au,ih.prleo'W L.ke, trom whuice the kuc Kil?.che.c.n runs NWeftward into tl.c bea; ^vh.eh s ,,„;„,,.ble to the AL.p o. the C.nuuli.n Traders although tlut River is there without nanre, tldling mto Slave Lake a n vi 'I iucJ ; however V.lIV.lU .1 i.f lilxJ 01; ? 1 ■^1 C 7 ) and Red-Knife Liike., before it readies the IJvpcrhoredn S^\t. There is aHb, in The Hudfun" s-Bay Company's Colleclioii, a Sketch of tliofc parts, drawn frt)m the Rcpt)rt of thr Indians, by Mofcs Norton, and brought by hiiu to England in 1760; hi which the River called Kip-Jloch-c^vcn diienibogucs from a great L.akc ; but this is too rude a Iketch to form any inference ot politions or diredion. * The late Voyages, particularly thofe of Captaii\s Conk^ Himnny Porlloc/c, Dixon, and Barklcy, have alcertaiiied with competent precifion, the Longitudes of the LanJi lying upon the Oceiin, commonly called the Son/b Scj, m Pacijick Ocam, from 43? to 60? N Latitude, and the Obfervaiions of the Spaniards in 1775, contirm the aflertion of Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, in the Arcane del Marc, that Cape Mendocino is in 40? N, though erroncoufly repreientcd in the Maps, in m higher Latitude, notwithft-'nding Sir Francis Drake's Obfervations concurred with the Spanilh Pilots, in placing it in 40? N. '' TIk- Spaniards having vilited that part of the Coajl, which extends froni Cape Mendocino to the Limits of Capt. Cook's Chart, and Capt. Barkley's Refcarches, we have now the general direiiion, at Icall:, of tlic Coaft from 40? N to 60? N. The ' Both thcfc Indian Majis imply tliiit HuJl'oii's IJ.iy coiiiiiniMii'atCi v. itli the Hypirhoiian Sea, wliich countonaiiccs the opinion of a 7Vy"»i^^ NVN'eihsa'd t>y Rcpiilj'c Jiiiy : this feems to lie contiiuicil by an anonynn'iis IMS in ;hj JIi.,'/ori'i-ltay Compauf'i Collection, hut it exprel!l-s the u.itev to he ll',allo-,v, I'evonil wheie Mi,l,lii>oi went. ' In hii Chart it is cuiious to oblcrvc a Bay in the lituation o:' .Vej'.'.f, t,ill(\i .-/vi on i/( W,?j. ( 8 ) The Pofuions affigned by C. CooK from the Obfcr- vatioas at N^^otka, wuh the affiftance of the Timc-Kceper, are, L:it. 4;,? ,o'N 44. ^ 44- 5i 48. 15 49. 1; 49- 3'' 50. o 57- 3 ';7' S7 60. 27 Lon.fr.tfrccnwich iJ4r 124. 124. 124. 124. j' C-.ipc Blanco r . :; C;ipc Gregory . 8 Cape Perpctuii . 6 Cajc Foul weather 57 Cape Flattery 126. 40 Point BrcaVe caVers T ve ?■ Point J Nootka 126. 42 Ship Cov 128. Q Woody 131;. 53 Cape Edgecumbe ,36. 39 Crofs Cape ,38. o Mount Fair-Wcathfir , 141. o Mt.S'. Ellas . [ ■ C.Cook8 3'Voy.Vol .2P.261 Ibid • • * 260 Ibid • • • .58 IWd * 1 • 263 Ibid 1 264 Plan Ibid , ^64 Ibid 344- Ibid 346 Ibid Ibid • • . 343 The Longitude of the Jfejl Side of ^^^-'f''^'''';:^ i. alfo determined by the Obfervation of the hft Tranft .,i renus, ^i Prhicc-iralc^ Tort, m Churchill R'ver. * s^^? 47 I.on. from Grfeiuvich. 94? '=•' 3=^"^ Princc-Wa\t^ Fort The Extent of the Land, from the one Sea to the .;her, is therefore iunv as well known, aa any equivalent Space in Europe, or i\tia. iMom Churchi/I River to Crofs Sound, h about ,300 Cieographic mile:: but this Diftance. nom 5c., to ,1, will be couliderably leilbncd by the ^-^^^--^ ^^- " . Thi. I on,ittKle is aeduced. fro.n the .li Internal Contaa. by the Aftro- n.mo. Royal ; .0 uhom I a,n imUbt.d lor .hc conmauKat.ou. I i M ( 9 ) Nff^ CoaJ of America trenching to the SEaftward, fo that from the part feen by Engli(h Navigators between 51? and 53? N? Lat. it will only be about 1200 miles. It is the opinion of Capt. Z)/.vo«, that all the Landsy yet difcovered, on the IVeft Side, at lea ft from " Nootka inclufively Northward, arc IJlands, and w/ the Continent: If this opinion be well grounded, which every particular Ex- amination of parts in detail, as well by ErigliJJ: as SpaniJJ} Navigators, feems flrongly to confirm ; Then, the diOance between the tivo Seas will be ftill more reduced ; and the Navigation, being carried on through Soumh covered by J/Jands, abounding with excellent Harbours, will be expofed to little danger when the Coafls are properly furveyed. But Capt. Dixon, and other late Navigators, have found an Jlrcbipelago of Jjands, and tlie ftrongcft indications ot a large River, in the place where fuch rue deiliibcd bv l)e Fonta ; '' This gives lome couiiccnantc to that too h.illily exploded Narration ! That there was a celebrated Navigator iu the South- Seas, of that name, is evident, becaiile three years before I'/ot:), wlica /;(' /''(S7;a/j- Dilcoveries were fnft publiihed, in the " Memoirs tur the Curious," Nicolas IVitfen, in the 2d Edit, of \.\\c NordlsOjl T'atlarye, 1705, Ikys, he had tlie Mr. CV.v, fioiM Ciiir..!, to wlunn I am ii.iitbtiii i'cr inn.li 'ii.iMiiKilion in this (ju.-iitcr, allures mc that the r.aiiif NooiLi, is a milt;,lvc, i;o Tuch name approjirialively \o thiit individual phicc being known to the N.i:.i-is. ' Jiurgoinafttr Witlln calh him Dt Fcniu and n<'t P,- Foitit, 1) ( 'O ) the MS account before him, of the celebrated Portugutfe Navigator De Fonta, who, in 1649. at the expeace of the Khig of Spain, examined terra Del Fuego, &c. It is true that Dc Fonta having been in 1649 at terra del Fttego in South America, does not prove that he made any Dlfcoveries in North America in 1640: but the exiftence of any fucb Perfon has been denied: and the Proof is uncqiihxaK of the cxijhnce and celebrity o( fucb 7i Perfon in thofe Seas, at the time : The re;iUty of that Voyage, of Nvhich in fen had the MS Relation, might on tlie fomc o-i-ouiul be denied: Its Original never having appeared. .Capt. Dixon informs me that from the many Drifts, &c. he is pcrfuadcd, there mufl: be a large River or lume back-ivater, where Dc Fonta defcribes it. This ■ opiniinr is more ftrongly confirmed by Capt. Hanna m the Sea-Otter 1786, who entered Fit-Jmgh Sound, about 50' beyond the furthcll Laud that Capt. Dixon law : his words arc, •4 " 8th Sept. I founci we were got into an extenfive " Bi;\\ bovmdcd to the Soutluvard by Lance's Ifands, * " from whence // takes a i'wecp Eafterly, to a great " diftancc. hi the NE corner of the Bay, \\e faw " the Entrance of a Great Sound: 1 called it Fitzhugh ^' SourJ, in honour of William Fit/.hugh Efq. From " this ■ Thcfi inamlj wi:rt nameiUSVo//'- ///.(/i/^ by Mi. Stningc i-j^b: They lye olV li'.r Fo:j,t, to the NW of I^uttka, m 50? 55.' N, accoriiing to Mr. Str.iogc, and i. Loih;. Q :.nd l 1:0.? i~'\\' \ the outermoft is in 50?4o'N'? accoiiling TO Ciipr. HuHiui, but it is i^Uictd ii-. i;o? 5.3.' N', and is liuiucd linrtifor,!, l>y 1 ( 1 1 ) *' this Sound the Land trended aboiif, to the Ndithward, " and formed a well-looking Inlet, named M'liUolh\s " /«/•/; from that the Land trended WNW, and " ended in a Jine round Mountain, which appears in a " fmall double Peak, hv which it may be kno>vn at a *' very great dilbncc. As t!iis Mountain forms the " North Head of the B(ry, and will be the true Di- " rectory to run for, I named it Cape Cox, in honour " of John Henry Cox Efq. we now had a ftrong gale, " from the SIC, with rain and fog, lo that we were " glad to get clear of the Land, as fall as pofliblc: " the gale increafed, and we loon had a confufed high " Sea running-, by rcalon of a ftrong Current that " was letting out of the Bay, and all the Sea herea- " bouts was covered with fal/en Trees, Leaves, Grafs, " and other Rubhijh, that came floating out of Fitzhugh " Sou'ul. ■# " nth Sept. At Noon the t'o^ cleared up, and wr " law Cape Cox bearing ESX dillant 5', and one of " Lance's I/lands bearing SbWiW, we now had a plc!- " (ant Gale, with which we entered the Bay, and " ftood with all lail for Fitzhtigh Sound. I never in '' the Mouth of any Rhcr, or I>d:t, found fucb la'gc " quantities of Tindhr, and Rubhijl; as continually canir *' down here with the Stream. At 10 PM, the wind " choppcil n)uiitl to the Eaftward, with a light breeze; " rath Sept. The firfi: part of xK\i day wa.s employed " in making unfuccef^ful attempts to get to the Eafl- " ward i ( «^ ) " ward. At Noon the weather became hazcy, and tho - wind blew in ftrong fqualls, between South and «' Eaft: Soon after the fog and rain became very «' thick. 13th Sept. " The firft part of this day we had a ftrong " Gale at SE, with conftant rain and a thick fog : to- " wards Evening the Gale encreafcd, and loon ra.fed " a Sea, very little inferiour to that in the Bay of *' Blfm' ' This gale continued with great force, through " the night, and drove us a confiderable diftancc to the " W'cflward. , 4th Sept " At 9 o'clock the gale abated, and we got a li<^ht bree/.e at NVV. At 5 PM, the fog difperfcd foft, " and' wc got r.ght of Fiizhngh Sound ; the Entr-ance • ' bearing from N to NE. At Su.Ubt the wnid fell .. very light, then the K.rth MW, that forms the .. Entrance of Fit.hw^h Sound, bore NNE'E, d.ftant .. ,b.u,t 6 miles. At 8 o'clock we were m the mouth .. of the Sound, and there we got a calm ; the calm •' continued, and the night was clear." At 10 they were driven, by the ftream, within a .-able, length of fome Rocks to the Welhvard ; a Ktee/.e, off the Land, came very opportunely to carry then tlear ; they then ftood for the Sound. - At daylight, being entered in the mouth of it, we ^ ^ were 11 •■■K T ( '5 ) " were again hccalmed; f()Uiulcd and had 6^ tiiiljums, " Jine white fand^ free tVoin Rocks. " This Sound is about 6 or 7 miles broad, iti the " Channel, and runs due Norths in which diiedion we " liuv nothing but Iky and water : The Wejlern JJjoar *' is formed by high Land, making in round Hills, and " forming bites, or fmall bays, as you pafs up the Sound: " The Eaft fide is compofed of innumerable IJlands, " forming various creeks, bays, coves, &c. thefe Iflands " appear to extend to a great diftance Eaftward, and " like all the Laud about this Place, cloathed with " Pine-Trccs to the fununit of the highefl Hills, tliough " the Trees are of a fmaller growth here than at Nootka: " 'This appears to be a River, from tiie conftant ftream '* that runs out of it, and the quantity of Timber that " is floated down. " About 6 AM we got light variable Breezes, with " which I endeavoured to proceed up the Sound. At "8 AM we g(>t; a fine Gale, that blew down the " Sound, and at the tame time the current, or dream, '* came dv)wn with frcfh rapidity, fo that we were " prcfeutly drove into the Bay', and there we met 'a *' fhorig wiml at Weft, which had all appearances of " iacrcallng.'* He allcdgos, that the apprehenfion of a Great Sea, which would ucend this wind, made it ucceflary for him £ XQ ( u ) to .or out of the /?.), as f.i\ as he covUd • he pr^cnd. u --as unpolhWc, without ho.rting o.t h.s boat, to wn^l^ hi. Anchor, that hoh\in^ out the boat wouUl cn.h.v^y it bcms Oove; ;hu1 thcrctorc, .s going up a nvcr re- qu-uc-s otteu a..chonng, H. U-kcd oa explornvj ^ns So,v.l, or Rivtr, as out of ihcir power to pcrlorm. Fh./..,h S.rri, he lays, lyes in 5i?34'N? 23'- 5°' E. or, 128? 10' \V. .* The Bar is lurrou.ulca with /f/AV, of a moderate height, n-^n. a,pc a.v to 7v/./.<,/- ^..W, theie a,, covered with .voaJ to the top: Here are nvany hlc s and iar^c Bass, with S..,.h i>'.wc/...whleh no doubt afford good anchorage ; From Filzhugh Sound Eaftward. the B-^ttom of the B..!s, forming Crcrks and /./.•/., wh.ch appear to run far Eaftward, and here we iaw fuch r.j/" Jhch of ivl'd G.rf:, that they darkened the air with then „umk-r.. A httle to the Southward, the Land trended in.mediatelv to the Eaa, and then we loij light of it, fo that I ' cannot fay what the depth of the Bay is thereabout." 1 l,,ve "ivc. Cant. Il.nma's RchtUm circumftamlally, l«ai.lcitrtr,.nglyTnd,catc>thcrc.,l.t>oli/ „horav., Hciaika about .60 caguc. 890) m .27™ .«.,«/. amo-gft ///««*, ..amedthc ^,c«,/W,S» "fS-^^ „„, and on the .4.^ Ju- .640, he cam. to the R.««. (( (i 4( (( IC << l( l( It (I ( '5 ) which he named ^io dc los Rcys, in 53? Nl^it.; he went up it' to the NEalhvard 60 leagues (206); it was frefh 20 leagues (6'}') tVoni the mouth; the Tide tiling 24 feet; the depth, not lei's than 4 or 5 iathoms at low water, all the way up into Lake Belle ; which he en- tered t! , 22d June, in this Liikc there was generally 6 or 7 fathoms : and at a particular time of tide ihcie \> a FiiH in the Luke : That from a good Port, iheltered bv an Ijhrii'l, on the Scuith Side of Luke Ikl/e, De Fofita on lit July lailed in his boats to a Rivc'\ \\\\\c\\ he named J\irmcntiers; that he pallLd 8 tails, in all 32 feet perpendicular, from its fource, in Liike Bei.'e, into a large Lake, which he reached the 6th July, 'this Lake he named De Fofifc, it is 160 leagues long (550') and 60 broad (206) lying KNE and W'SW in length, having in fome places 60 fathoms depth, abounding with Cod and i.ing: having in 'n fei'e/\i! '•eery large IJlands, and t.)! fiiuill ones: from the 1'>NE extremity of this Liike, which he left the 14th July, He palled in 10 hour , with a froih wind and whole ebb, a Lake, which he named Strait Rouquillo^ 34 leagues long (114O ^'id 2 or 3 Iea"-ues broad (7' or to') with 20, 26 and 28 fathoms depth. On • A Spanifli MS, dated Mexico 241I1 October 1770, t;ivin;; an iiLaniiit of their March to Monterey, in 1768, lays, Rio de los Reys, in 4^;? N l.at. is the Limit of the SpaniOi Difcovcrics ; He docs not name Dl Fonta, ai the Difcovcrcr, but naming the River, difcovcred by him, as the Limit of the Spanifli difcovcrics, (tho' erroncoully placed in 43? NJLat.) implies iliat his difcoverics were acknowledged at Mexico. Englifll accounts reckon Rio dt loj Revs, in 53? N Lat, Some Ficnth Geographers in 63? N Lat. ( «^» ) c)a the 17th. He cmc to an hJuin I'oivn, whcr. Oil th. lyux. neighbourhood; to I. ■ Icinit there was a bnip i" i'"- " f , hi Sht he (iulea, atul fou.ul onboard only one man. ;;.!' years and a youth; The Man was the tZ iu the'me.hani.al part of the U^^^ e tu} .v'cr fccir 1k' learnt they were from Bofon in ^^^.Z^: ■ The owner. nan.ed C^/...«. who v^^ fCr General cf M.//.-/././/V. and the whole Sh.p . Company came aboard the 30th July. On the 6th Anguft De Fonta made the Owner iome ,,Uublc prcibnts, - ^ -ok iomc iWlons h^ ^-. ,nd gave Capt. Sbapley, the Commander ot the Vefl 1, ■;.o^ncccsotc.shth,r his line Charts and Journal. On the nth of Augurt 7>. Font, arrived at the ift Fall in the «/:hv PiiniicnUirs; and On the 1 6th on board the Ships in Uke Belir. There is not competent data for dcfcribing Dc Fovfas rrack. fmce neither the extent of LM i^./A , the d,rca,on .nd Icu^^th of the /^/rrr i'.r;//.'«//oli(ioii; in hich cafe R. l'.vmtn:tris would be the Arath.ipelcow Rivci. F ( '8 ) April and June 1708, li.is, viiidoubtcclly, many miiUkes ivnd inconriftciiclcs: It luis Ixcn allcd^cd that the Col- Kx"Vion WIS publlihcd by Pethcr, as a banter on the R'As not Prefdent o£ Chili ^ for although it is reported the name of the Prejident of Chili was De Fuentes, names arc not given with fufficient prccifion to decide on the fpccifck letter. » It is well afccrtained, that there were fuch Perfons at Bofotiy and its neighbourhood, as Major-General GMom, who was with Sir I'homcis Button, in His Difcovery Voyage, to Httdfons Bay; and Capt. Nicolas Shapley; that Capt. Shaplcy was an ingenious Man, and pafled under the appel- iiiXion of Ohi Nic, 1 was allured by the celebrated Dr. Franklin, from the refcarches he had made at Bojlon : but t-his Fa5l, and its concomitant circ\m-iflanc';s are clearly lecited by T". Sxjume Drage, Clerk of the California, in his "fra^t entitled,, " Grei't Probability of a NW PalVagc" London 1768, 4? p. 6^ & fcq. I Ihall only add that I have feen at the Brif'lJj Mufeum, a MS Cliart of part o^" the Coaft of Ncw-En^lami by AVc- Shapley. The affcdation of being wifer than our Forefathers, is the great CbaraSleriJiick Dt/iiutlivi of -fhofe Men who aflumc the authority of Modern Oracles: and it is fo much eafier, to treat with derifon, than to iiiveliigate, that it is not won- derful They find, amongO; the Indolent, many Votaries ready to admit their Dogmas. Although • Norton Nicolls, an Englidi Rcnegado, at Manila in 1761, afl"unicd, or received, the name of Don NUoUii Norlon ; if De Fonta was a Fortugutft, His namt may huvc been aceommoUatcU to the Spunilh. ( 2t ) Although Capt, Hanna, in the Sea-Otter, has gone Anther than any other recent Navigator, of whom we have an account, The Extent of the Sound, he named Fitzhugb Sounds is not yet determined; but I learn fiom Capt. Dixon^ that he recommended to the Veflels he left on this Coaft, the examination of the Sounds, in that vicinity, we may therefore hope, in a few months, to receive further information from them. . . Capt. Barklcy has made a Cluirt of the Co^JI, from Nootka SE^ftward, for which, as well as for his Journal, I am indebted to Mr. Cox; the lafi is very brief, and without the Chart would convey but little information, the pofitions in his Chart are, 47? 9/ • 125? 23/ Point Fear 47.43. • 125. I. DcftiiKllon River 47. 47. • 125. 14, riiiiiaclc 48. 8. . 125. 31. Cape Flattery 48. 24. . 125. 47. Center of Taloiick IHand 48. 26. . 135. 44. S? Point of De I'uca's Entranc* 48. 33. . 125, 48. N? Point D? 48. ^o. . 126. o. S? Point BarUcy's Sound 49. o. • 126. 17. W Point D? 127. o. \V Poiut Nootka The mofl: important Difcoveries in this Voyai^e feem to have been made in the boat, when detached, but there are no circurnllantial details of her trip. It is allcdgcd that the Spaniards have recently found aa Entrance \\\ the Lat. 47? 45'. N which, in 27 days O . . courfe. ■ * C 22 ) courie, brought them to the vicinity of HudfotCs Bay: ' This Latitude exudly correfponds to the ancicut Rehticn ot John de Yuca, the Greek Pilot, in 1592, who failed into a broad Inkt between ^f. and 48? which led him into a far broader Sea, wherein lie failed above 20 daviv, there being at the Entrance, on the NVV Coail, a great Head Uvui or Ipnd, with an exceeding High FUirnKle, or fphcd Rock, like a Pillar thereupon. We have no other than verbal report of De Fucas's Difco- vcry; he communicated the information to Mr. Led- at \'cnice, and offered to perform the X'oyage, 0.1 condition of having Repayment of the great lofles he had furtaincd, to the value of 60,000 Ducats, when captured by Sir nomas Camiijl, in the South-Seas ; The amount of this Sum would be an obftacle to the Entcrpri/.c, however well-convinced they may have been of the reality of his Difcovcries : '' It is curious that Capt. Baiklcy ihould have found fuch :k Pinnacle, in 47?47-'N; or very little to the Northward oi where the Spaniards are reported U) have difcovered an pJitrauce. Capt. Barklcy indeed fuppolcs a very tvidc Entrance, found more to the Northwanl, to be De Fucas Strait, bur, without prefuming to decide, It mull be obferved. Tilde various Reports miply, that this part of tlu; Coajl, as ' Mv Fiicna tht; R. Hdm. Cknlcs Cie'viilc conimunicatci! to mc llus i„tclU;v"">:c, «Uid> b\v Joi'H .\ri'l:cy/on ^ot at the Caf^ V.od Hope Iron, t'.if Spaii'uirJs. '■ Hut De Fiicas'i intormatlon only prov.,-? an inhina Sen, ana aoos not imply ll...t \y<. iVileU beyond AsiKrlca, ahhu' lit himU-li aicw that inicrencc. ( 2-3 ) as well as that farther to the Northward, is only broken Land and I/Jcrnds , There is a Chart, m the Jlrcnno del Alive, of this Coall: from Cape Mendocino in 40? N to Ciipe Forfuna m 50? N, in this Chart there is a deep Bay, with [(lands, called Bala de los 'Tachaios in 47? 20' N, probahlv the fame referred to in Cox\ CaroJana p. 64, where he mentions Capt. Coxton having fitted out a Ship of 26 guns, with intention to take the Manila Shlp^ which he had been informed ulually mailc rhe I^and in 42? N, " hut when he came to the head of California, " (it being too foon by ibme months for the putting *' in execution his intended delign) romaging the CoafV, " he difcovercd a great River in about Degrees '* North Latitude, which entered a great Lake, near *' the mouth whereof he found a very convenient Illand, " where he flaid two or three months to refit himfelf, " happening to ha\e a man on board, who underllood " the !.anc;ua2;c of t'.ie Country. The Natives findiiifr " he was engaged in an Expeditit)n againil the Spaniards, " treated Iiim \'ery kindly, ilipplied him very chearfuUy " with whatfocver he wanted, and he contratflcd great " frieiidihip vvitli them. He calls them llic Nation of " Tl.ioya. TUc Spaniards, a? I find in divers of their " Expeditions, call it Tl'oyagc, fometimes Tejago. ' They *' are often at war with the Spaniards, who have been " always repullcd by them, '1 liey bring thirty or toity " ihouland ■ Iiilhr ^fil(> oi .1/, A/. .; i\i:. by H >il y^'/'P'J Antonio .llz.itc v R.imir,-, 17^18, ii iii;ukoil, l..f^t.':.i ik' 7('r'«>'<' " fr'>"i 'I't Knvirons ot" wliicli it is r.iiil " t!vf Mexican hitii.ins let (jut to crt;ibU(li their Kmpirc." This /..i.^t llfiiii to be m.iikcd in t!u- M.tfi only from report, it i.) |i!.iirj to the N\V wi N*w M>-.\:it<, \n about 41?^ N LutituJe. •I ¥. ( 24 ) . d.oulIu.d men in one body into the Field. Thefc and - Two other Nations neighbouring, and not mud .c iafenor uiuo them, are accounted the n.oil feniiblc ^' and civilised Indians in America." Don Fuwcifco Sevx^s y Lover,, m rhcatro Naval Hnho,n,phica, 4? M^J-'i^ '^^S. gives a bnet account of the Voyage of 7/..;/w. Pcv/.', 1676, who entered the Strah of Jnim 120 leagues, intending to return that wiv to England, but the month of Odober being well- ads^need, a.ul the winds Northerly, with a ftrong Current fetting to the Southward, he returned back, and coafting the Califormas, Ncw-Spain and Peru, came Into the North-Sea, by the Strait of Magalhar.es, m ,6-7. He fays, that when he entered the Strait ot Jlnian, he found, from Cape Mendocino on California. for more than 20 leagues within the Channel, the Current let to the NE. The account given of Peche's Voyage is fo brief, that it does not appear where he catered the 5/m//, nor, indeed, am I quite fati.ficd, that the Sea, on the If efl of New Albion, is not here meant by the Strait oi Aman. However, The multiplicity of Reports, concerning an Inland Se :, on this part of America, gives ftmng contn-- mation tc the Opinion that the fVeJi-Coa/l, hitherto dil- ccnercd, is only Islands, and will account tor the fup- nofition of Calif^rma being an Island, which prevaded in fome part of the laft century, though contrary to all the early Maps. The ( 25 ) The Allegation, that tliis ininalc^ arofe from lox Land^ 111 the Latitude of 30? N, being Jometimei cverfowed^ does not appear by any means iiuisfadory ; for, This would have implied, that the 1/land California did not exceed the Latitude of 30? N, whereas all the Maps, which defcribc Cnlifoniia as an Island, carry the Sea within It beyond the Latitude of 40? N ; and ^mifon lays, although formerly fuppofed to be a Peninjula, it was found to be an Island, in SpaniJJj Charts taken by the Dutch : Buache has publilhed a Copy of that part of the Spunijb AIS, which is allcdgcd to have gi\-cn rile to the midakcn 0[iinion ; but, although that MS carries up the Gulph ic'/V/vM California as far as 37? N Latitude, it dcfcribes Rivers, falling into it in every dircdion, w-. well from NW as NE : So that it lecms impolfiblc ! This could have been the Map, fi-om whence ir was inferred " the Northern part of California was detached '* tiom the Continent." Lie Liile has collected \arioua Reports, m Canada, tending, if not to pr(.)v. ihc exigence of a Mediterranean Sea, on this iidc of America, at lead to corroborate that opinion ; Thcfe Rcpoils arc llrongly confirmed by the infor- mation of the Indians, ciMiccrnin"- the 'Tide near the Mcun- ttiiiis of Bright Stone, which being above '300 Geographic miles from the Wejl Coaft of Keio Albion, it is nt)t likely the Tide could come from thence. This loii'^ difciiiiion wa., ncceflarv, to nitrinlucc tlic projiofcd Unit)!! of the Operations of The EoJi-lii.hu and IIiid/on's-B.:y Ojmpanys, bccauii.- the i'lirtbcr-in t'le Sea Communication extends, o!i ihuWeft-liilc ot A>.:l:iuca, with the greater facility will their joint Operations be couucded. H The ( ^(^ ) in.c lIudrou'.-Bay Company have already EftablilLment. vcrv far inland; Hiulfons Houfc in S3- ^- 3^ ^^^''^' and in io6? 27/ 20" WLong. => is above 530 CJeogra- n'llc Miles from then- nearelt Settlement m the V.iy : tlK- dillance remai.iing to complcat tb.e Communication i. nh,ut 800 (^.eographic Miles: Mr. Tnrnor, by wholi Obfervations the poiitlon of HuJfons HokJc. has been deter- r.iiMcd, informs me that the Indians report the River con- tinuei navi-abk as far «/;.-.' I ludfon's Houie as ^./.cc- it : ond he lavllt is of as eafv naMgation as the Thames, there not hcm<^^,ne fall or nipid, after paflin-g that near the ir,wpcg Lake, \n■.^ courfe of more than 200 miles. Hut it is probable tliat the Communication between Ihuifins-Buy and the H'cfi Coj^ of America would, with more facility, be made in'' a higher l/atitude, by means of the Ch^Jic^- t>kl h'kt, or Ibme of the Inlets and Rivers from Hudjon's 'lijy, conneaing Nvith the Aralhcipefcow, Dcbauut, ' ana other Liikcs. f., the \^n'ao;cs hitherto made to the NW Coaft of Anic.ic:a, the principal Objccl has been tlic Sea-Otter Sk:ns, I, an iad-btcd tor this u.iU o'l.c, Ol.'cv.tlous to Mr. IMnllir 'I'^'nor, .1 the «>-.o W..S cmiloycd, bv the Hudl-on'j-B-ay Con,].;...)-, im i7;o anc following ycM., iu making 5.'. vv> ; and dccnuiulng the LuntuJc a,u I.onrr,r J.c of their fcvcK-.l Forts a-ul r.ao.lc; this he 'acnu. toh.vc ci.t.uua ■,vlth K'.r t ^- tJit to Kimt;! ; and to The Company who uni'h.ytd huii. " I ,■ ir. .ot fmd anvixirt:cul,irilekrii4l<- . ,h-y rlwavs fee the ChncMlliUoop, Mavnm >/,,"V.v Comnunder." He .nKo mentions another ct-'v -.<-.;'. i-'/v, called l-.tLuJlVhok " on ditierent •' parts of wVeh all the Ef-iuimauxs winter that the Churclnll bloop fees in •' the S'aiuPii'.r.'' ( ^7 ) Skins, ami ultlioiigh thcfc he, iinJoubtcilly, tlic mofl: valuable oi all Skins, and (ccnungly the prodnee of thia Coaft only, yet the Fui-Trac'.-, carried on fioni lludlon's Ray and Canada, have never .'xtendcd lb far a.; to meet with thcle Skins ; and, thereloic, in ciliniatin,:;. :.;,^;o • •-,-,-. 4.M. ^ :u • (.',liei' Skins . i;o,ir.:D 1 )0 ; ad ;0Q l'k\;'j S,003 :,l>()\it <;o . a.t 14.C.-.0 uIjuiu 700 • « • al.t. .■9,000 4.;:.6 136, 66: ^wJtwithftandiiTii * 1 am !ii>!(li!ii! u, Mr C\.x iur ihi; very tu;'AVi:; Fact. ' iKitit i^ laal Tl;; i'liu-a.-ki loU i;,coc SDoUar; ly hiiBarga'n. ) Noiwlt hlliiul iwy the nv.mv WHih, m(\ the number (I 111 I ..r ruis inipoitc ihc luaikft, and vailo nppuhnu which iiui 11 ot' com Ic alTcd ion m :\\M\l:, thai the Cominoc th.c C'hliK'fc Mcr- I'uv UM'iUl tall, the Imiiei-'uil ni.iv Skui:^ loKl at alxnit 40 Dollars f Skin, whicir (airlv Ik^ conlidcrcd a,i the Market- IMce of the Noo/Lr Fun held ill the 11)1 laiircll Sk Tliofe from /'//;;(•,' If'illiiVn Soumi, aic >rt cil 111.-, and 111'. (■(111 Inic hv the Cliiaerc, being tli ll i"ur. P;Ut an article, perhaps, flill m v.o lI■nn(^rtnllt, h tl \c. Stuil Skins ; which, aliho 11 idividuaUv of much leh \ahie, hcin<; wanted for the coninioi I 1 ults of Life, wil k-is liable to be alTcded by ace aie vcrv nnich on den\iiid c the They Mr. Cox iiifonncd me, that fuch dental valuation in Ch ina. anc (hill 111' lor to Si lan as fell in England for ilh Dollars, at Canton. It is unneceliarv to mcnt'on the various other Skins, n- Beavcr, M.irtin. h o\, not 01 ilv tht' Clii-.s-r. iSrc. bv.l it is to be remembered, th;;t hut the Id.ibits, of China, make // ■real ?.'/.iu;md 10 Ri:ll".a lor tilt Chin.i Market; the l\irpcalK)n of the •rr.iau fioin lUiiria to Cl'iivi iia-. c()nre(iuciuly very imich atleetcd tiic Mii- ;.t't i.i iM.ghnv,!, but is ui! a:-u::'.^;it ot a<.ubl'J lo:cc in tavour of tlic i'l ai hcie jinpoftd. ( 29 ) C'lnce, that Sailing from the Ccxill of China, earlier than the end of June, or bcgirming of July, will only harrafs the Crew, and tear the Vcllcl to piece.!., for no purpole. At this time, the early fliip.-i are arri\cd at Canton, or may always be certain of arriving if the)' chufe ; I laving delivered their outward Cargo, and rcfrelhed their Crew, I propole a Coppered-Ship fh.iU iiiil the ift Jul\ , for the NW CoiUl of America, to receive the Furs col- Iccled there by the lludfon's \hy Conipany's Agent:.. 1 would recommend the Ship to pais ivitb'yNf, or to the Soulb and luij} o( Fon/io/li ; bccauie the Navigation will h^ more in the open Sea; but the Pailage iv/i'.'/u has been alio ufcd, and has the probability of a favourable Current ; therefore the laA is to be preferred, in cafe of meeting Ei'j.'- er/y winds to impede the Ship's going to the Huutb of boriitofj. It cannot be doulncd, a coppered Ship will reach the Coall of America in two months ; •* She will re- main in llaibour 'till after the E(]uinocT:ial Gales, and then return to China, where flie will arrive in December, and be rcailv to come home to England, in January or Febru- ary : fo that, in the general view, there will be no lofs of time ; * Capt. lianiia, in the Sci-Ottcr, 17S6, left Macao the 4th of May, aiul, by failing- fo fooii, wis 4: days in getting 3 nioJc'iatc days fail. Tiny lilt tlic t'oall of Japan the :il Jul}', and maJc the Coalt of America, neai' iN'ootka, 16th Anguft, anil cj-^ thcie the 18th, or in 47 days from Japan: ;illuw to Japan i :; at 100 mile; 'I,';' day, ^ . 59 The Sea-Oltcr is defcidK-d as a very bad Siiler. Capt. Meaics, in the Nootka, 178(1, left the Ballices the 30th June, and roade the Fox lUaiids the joth July. ( 30 ) time ; for although the Ships arc aii'patched from China, in turn, according lo their arrival, and therefore a Ship arriving in June, would be dilpatched home before February, "-ct other Ships muft remain till that month, and if one be difpatchcJ t-arly, another nuil> come late; and V, V. if this comes from China early, that will Ik- difpatched late : I K)wcver, although Ships, remaining in hulia, ulually arrive at Canton in June, it may be alledged, that diiert Ships from England, would not arrive Ixforc Auguft, and ihcrctore it may be proper to ftate a charge of two months dcmorage to this account. To what Port it would be the fittcft for a Ship to proceed, mav admit a qucAion; perhaps Bucarelli in 55? 19/ N as being the moft central; Capt. Portlock U inclined to prcter fome Port to the Northward; in the Soimis from Mount EJtrccumbe to Crcfi SounJ, or between 57? and ^8? N. Latitude, from the abundance of Sea Otter-Skins, and the many excellent //.//'^^wri ; He learnt from the Native?, of Portlocks Harbour, that there was irata- behind them, to the EaJiwarJ of the Hills, which he conceived to refer to Sounds, making iPunci, on that part of the Co^tfl : However, this is a matter which to authorife a determination, would require a more exaft knowledge, not only of the Coqj}, but of the iuteriour Lakes and Riiers, than we at prcfent have. But the Kleclion fliould be made of that Port, where the com- munication can be moll conveniently kept up, by Polls or Faelorics, at regular and expedient dillances from J.Iudfon's-Bay. A bare ' Intmcof IVaccthc dcnionigi; is /20. i^-. 8. f' day to the coniinou fi/.oa Indiai-K'ti; to l'm;ill (liips Icis; It commences ;it the expiration of loin Mom hs :iiurihi; tjh'ip". arrival at her Urft-coiitigncJ Port ; Two montlis dc. jnoiagt will iht:ici'orc be about /ijioo. ( 3' ) A bare itifpcdlion of the Map, \vith the flightcit attention to what has been laid, will evince, that the Co-opeiation of the Two Companys, woukl clVedually Iccurc to tliis Country the Coniniancl of the Fuf-1radc\ for by no other way, than IIuiifon's-Bay, can the Com- munication be made with io much facility, nor wiih lo little cxpcnce as by a Ship from China : and having thus the option of the Chlncfi\ as well a^ the Knrr.pcan Markets, no other Trader.-, can ftaiul in competition. The Canadian Traders ha\e extended thtir Traflkk up to, and beyotid, the Hudfon's-Bay Company's Inhnul Ftiiiories ; This c(MTipoiiuon cannot redound to the Public Interell, but, on the concrary, mud enhance the price of the Furs, purcliafcd frona the Indian.-, ; ^ and, what li much inorc confequcnce to this Country, the Canadians havin'T \'o ^rcit a dillancc to tr.i\erie, and lb many carrying- P/.irn and Rdpuh to impede their way, cani»oi convey to the Indians our Staple Mauun^iflures, Ukh as Coarfc IVcHens and Irou-u-are, but their Exports, mult be chiefly in Ammunition, and Pio'.f-Spitits, to the dcllru^Tlion oi' the Indi.ms. Nor, politically confulered, i- it fo dcHrable that this Commerce (ikuiUI be carried v\\ from Canada, as frtan lludfon's Hay: for if ib.efe Trade: o vvue to reach llic Foiith-B'-;;, ■ li.tlKii .pi.ixaiK.n for an « ).. luHvc piiviU- ';;; lor icxcirs, Tlity jultiy rrprclcnt ,hut .n cvcli.'.vc I'.ivllr.f^c vv,,. tn.niuUy mrdlUry for the proi-.r m.nnpeMicm of r'.i^ Tr.ulc, hut They lor-ft th:it The MiKlicn\-R..y Ciupuny's Charter had ahcaay ^^MHw\ that c^clulivc I'livilcugc. Tho ofVvrcd to cxpl^oic luvi deliver :M:.i.'i of ihcCountry tuihc Weft of lUulfon'sBay, Iroin 55? to 6^? N i.atUudc : But The lludlonV 15av Company had helore ihtlr oli'cr was muc'.e, co.nmun-catcd Mr, Uearne's Map of thofe parts, and although Mr. Hearne ! as left tivieh vet to be d.mf, Tim is marc hkely to he efle,>ed by The .Hiidlon'.. Bay Company, tha;i by the C :n.idi:m Trailers ; \vlio icem to be fciirccly IvU /^vapj, than tlK maft Savage of the Indians. ( 3^ ) South-Sea, it is higlily probnhlo they woiiKl, in eoii- jiincrKiii with Kinigraiits Uom the Suited States of America, iu eouHc of Time, elhihlilh thcmfelves on that • Sea, ami carry on the Trade iiulcpciulaiit of tliis King- iV)m, Whereas the l'"a(l:"lorici in Umilon's Day can j>c\cr be ahciiatccl from the Mother-Country. Ir appears, from the hulian Maps, that liic ylriitlhipcfcmv Litke I'limmunicatcs with I'/iJ/ofi's-Iliv ; it i.i therefore higlily CApeilient to examine what o'ollriiclions there arc to navigate thither ; for this Lake is reported by Mr. Hearnc, fidin the information of the Indian?, to he about 400 miles long: The mtift rtleclual manner of making this exami- nation, would Ix; from the ylrt.uhiipcfco'W Laic, whicii, by the Oblervation of the Longitude at Hthlfons Houfi\ appears to be much nciirer HuJJoh\< Hiiy than ^h■. Hearne's Map reprclLiits. Whoever has read Mr, ILarne's Journal, muA feci a firon'.j dell re, of corrciftiiu::; the brutality of the Indian ^ truelv called ■S'.;r.^"V, bv introducini^; anioniill them the Comforts and Ihunanity of civili/,cd Life, and nothing will be more conducive, towards cfieding that ilelireablc Purpofe, than efiablilhing the Kiunvledge (jf God, and the Light of the Ciofpe.', am uigft them. ]?ut in Jullicc to the Indians, on the Wcfi: Coalt of America, it ought to be mentioned, that they do not appear, in any degree, fo barl)arouL) and brutal : the Ahvui Tribe of Indians, in the neighbourhood of Nootka, ftooil true to their engagements with Capt. Ilanna in 1785, and would not fell one Skin to Mr. Strange, aliho' he came thither in 1786 before Capt. ilanna, but kept the whole "till Capt. Haiuia's Arrival: This Inflancc of Probity 2nd Honour ought not to pafs uiu)oticcd ! i