.\^^\^ \%\> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) fe #0 ■^< [/. '^ •^ a 1.0 I.I l^|28 S E^ ill 20 M 2.2 11:25 11 1.4 1.6 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 2? WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 87^-4503 ^ ^ 4?. d z CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques ^ ©1986 Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagas in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad baiow. QColourad covers/ Couvartura da coulaur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagie Covers restored 9nd/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^e at/ou pellicula Cover title missing/ Le titre d« couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiques en couleur Q D D D D Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Enaa de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ ReliA avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along intarioi' margiu/ La re liure serr^e peut causer d« I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge int^rieura Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filmirg/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout«es lore d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais. lorsque cela itait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6ti filmtes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppldmentairas; L'Institut a microfilm* la mailleur axamplaire qu'il lui a et« possible de se procurer. Las details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-«tre uniques du point de vue bibliographiqua, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithoda normale de filmage sont indiquis ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ Pages do couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommag^as □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurias et/ou pelliculies Pages discolourf*d, stained or foxed/ Pages dicolories, tachet^es ou piquies □Pages detached/ Pages d^tachies Fyj Showthrough/ LS^ Transparence □ Quality of print varies/ Quality inigala de I'impression □ Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du material suppl^mantaire □ Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible n Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been ref limed to ensure the best possible image/ Lea pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuiilet d'errata, une pelure. etc., ont ^ti filmies d nouveau de facon d obtanir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ca document est film* au taux de reduction !ndiqu« ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here hes been reproduced thenks to the generosity of: Douglas Library Queen's University The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keepin';i with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are fiimud beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated Impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated Impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —»> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol y (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the uppe.* left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exepiplaire filmA fut reproduit grice A la gAn«rosit« de: Douglas Library Queen's University Les Images suivantes ont «t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet« de rexempiaire film«, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de fiimage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim«e sont filmte en commengant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par Ja dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'improsslon ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon !e cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commen^ant par la premidre pagi; qui comporte une empreinte d'impressiort ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de chaqfl^^ H ON riHOS. GREEN V»CC MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE & IMMIGRATION., Wl • iwt-w^ wwrv (MV v> aMllBlu «»%rta|)«>t1«i^ WV IWCW^^*')) I WIWII I W/WH If W^ IT limil -IvVr f-H^n ^ t-SDia. |gq- KP18 Purchased CA'NAt)iANA ctZt coUecTioN Richardson qUGGN S AT KINGSTON ONTAKiO CANAtiA ne EDITH and LORNE PIERCE COLLECTION 0/ CANADIANA ^een's University at Kingston ^ \\-' ^ W v^^ "5i H i V ■ .^ ^^ f '0 '>0 'i introduction :^o.' ¥0 ANY DISSATISFIED with present surroundings, or desirous of improving the immediate prospects of themselves, or of those dependent upon them, this pamphlet is specially addressed. It is so addressed in the hope that the information it contains will aid in a choice that will bring peace, plenty and prosperity to all its readers To all who desire to secure by honest effort, a home and competence, with a fair prospect of a larger measure of success, Manitoba extends a cordial invitation, confident that she por)Sesses natural resources well calculated to gratify such desires. This contldence is not of a speculative or doubtful character or origin, but is the result of practical experience sufficiently diversified and extensive to fully justify it The reader is asked to peruse these pages with the assur- ance that every statement is accurate and capable of exact proof. There can be no good purpose served in inducing people to come here to make a home on representations that may prove incorrect and disappointing Better, far better, that a plain statement of fact which will bear investigation be made at the jutset. It is undoubtedly true that Manitoba's resources on the one hand have at times been greatly exaggerated, and on the other hand greatly depre- ciated. Both extremes are to be avoided, and will be in these pages. Fuller information will be given by addressing the Manitoba Emigration Office, 30 York Street, Toronto, Ont., or MONCTON, N.B ■ .r- /?f/ ,/ \. TllanMa Its Early History— Qeoffraphical Position, Etc. ANITOHA is one of the seven Provinces of the Dominion of Canada. Though, with one excep- tion, the youngest member of the group, it is by no means the least, and it may be safely stated tliat to-day, both in Canada and altroaa, it is attracting more attention and exciting " more interest than any other Province ' in the Dominion. Manitoba is as nearly as possible the exact centre of the North ' American continent. By the Canadian Pacific Railway, the capital of Manitoba is 1,424 miles frtmi Montreal, the At- lantic Seaport, and 1,482 miles from Vancouver on the Pacific, The area of Manitoba is 116,021 square miles, equapo about 74,000,000 acres. It extends about 300 ndles from East to West, and the Southern boundary is determined by the 49" Parallel of latitude. It wi be observed, therefore, tha Manitoba lies further south than England, Ireland, Belgumi, Holland, Russia and the Vistula Provinces. , , , ,,■ • • i- i The "eneral feature of the country is that of a broad rolling prairie, relieved at intervats. by gently rising hills, and numerous bluffs and lakelets. _ _ * This is in striking contrast with the monotonous flat prairie so characteristic of Dakota and Minnesota to the South. Making a farm and establishing a home is not a difficult task in Manitoba. In by-gone days and m a wooded country such as Eastern Canada, where every acre of the land had to be cleared of heavy timber, it was, indeed, a lonely, difficult task. Yet in sjiite of all that, the sturdy pioneer who stuck manfully to it succeeded, as the happy homes of wealthy settlers abundantly testify. Put the old settlers of today in Eastern Canada, who _ fifty years since left Great liritain and Ireland to make their way in life, laughingly remark that those who go to Manitoba have no pioneering to do, and proud as the> are of their own success, willingly admit that as much progress can be made on a prairie farm in ioo lbs. per acre Alsike and timothy 4,600 " " Sanfoine clover 3,600 " " Native grasses mixed under cultivation 5,100" " Lucerne clover 3,000 Mixed tame grasses 2,700 Meadow Fescue 2,640 The yield of some fodder plants (dry) for 1891 is as follows : Oats and tares 10,255 lbs. per acre Oats and peas 8,837 " " Barley and peas 6,862 Rye 4,150 " The average yield of fodder corn for 1890 from 32 varieties tested was 50,000 lbs. (green) per acre. These experiments set at rest all questions regarding the cultivation of grasses and fodder plants and the providing for cat tie during the winter. The yield of certain grains and roots for the year 1890 was as follows : Red Fyfe wheat from 22 to 34 bus. averaging over whole farm per acre 37 bush'ils. Black Oats from 78 to 88 bushels p?r acre. White Oats " 51" 8i Barley " 40" 63 Turnips " 600 " 1,300 " " Potatoes " 200" 700 " " Peas " II " 24 " '• It must be borne in mind that these results are in no way exceptional in character. They are grown on land nc better than may be found on almost any other farm in the province. No fertilizers have been used on the land. Any one willing to adopt the same modes of cultivating his land may do so without the slightest difficulty, with the possibility of perhaps getting better results. Statement of comparative yields based on the returns of acreage and average yields for the respective years of 1890 and 1891. 1890. 1S91. imate average yield in Wheat . . 20.1 B ush. 25.3 Bush " " " Oats 41-3 48.3 ' " " " Barley... 32.1 35.6 " " " " Potatoes. 235-0 i3u.4 " " " produce of Wheat. 14,665.799 23.19J-595 " " " " Oats. ... 9.513-433 14,762.605 " •' " " Barley. . 2,069.415 3. '79-879 " •• " " Potatoes. 2,540,820 2,291.98a — 6- 'A u 'J'. < P3 O H 'A < U rroduetion4 of the Country Wheat Ralsingf a Distinctive Feature— but Mixed Farm- Ins Secures Qratifyinj; Results Cost of Raisins Orops —Live Stock, Dairy Farming^, etc. u < o H < U BEING satisfied rcj^arding Uio soil, the next item of information re- ([uired l)y the prospect ive settler or investor would naturally have reference to llie produdions of the country. Up to the present, Maiiiloha has JKen chiclly, ihouf^h not altojjether, a grain prtxlucing country. To-day it is becoming more essentially a region where mixed farming is pracliml. Wheat, oats, barley, peas, roots and ve(;etal)les, and indeed, nearly all cereals and roots pro.. 1 Duluth is not 1 ^ way fit to compare with the best Manitoba wheat, especially not in its working qualities. _ It is -ertainly as beautiful wheat as I ever saw, and particularly well adapted for millers in this country Surely some agency can be devised for getting, more easy access to these hard wheats which are never seen in commerce in purity. If the English miller could only get a good supply of such wheat at a iroderate price, fine Hungarian flour would stand little chance m this country. of the in any What is true of the quality of wheat is to a great extent true also of oats and barley, of which large quantities are raised. Oats do remarkably well, and, in a good season itis nothing uncommon to pass by large fields where the straw is stand- ing iVom five to six feet high and which yields sixty-five or seventy-five bushels per acre. At present considerable attention is Deing directed to the growth of two- rowed barley suitable for English malting purposes. In the production of roots and vegetables Manitoba has few equals and probably no superior. Eastern Canadians, who themselves come from a good root and vegetable country, are simply astonished at the productions of Manitoba in these lines. —8 — LIVE STOCK Horses and Cattle thrive remarkably well on the prairie farms of Manitoba, and in proportion to the numbers kept there is probably more high class'stock than in any other part of Canada. According to the July, 1891^ bulletin of the Manitoba Department of Agriculture, there are in the province 2,262 stallions ; this shows a remarkable increase upon former years, and indicates that Manitoba farmers are themselves going largely into horse breeding. Some of the most valuable stallions in Canada are to be found in Manitoba, having been imported direct from Europe. Cattle in increasing numbers are to be met with all over the prairie. There are some notable breeds of thoroughbred Shorthorns, Herefords and Galloways. Drring the past two years, but especially in 1891, large numbers of cattle have been shipped from Manitoba to Great Britain, some as " stockers " fr>i finishing off on the farms and in the stables of Old Country farmers, and other^; as fat cattle. This trade is an increasing one. Usually cattle are fed on the wild prairie hay, which in most parts grows in great abundance. In such parts the settlers in a given district not infrequently put their cattle together in a herd, hiring a boy to look after them and see that they not only get grass and water, but that they are kept out of the standing crops, and at night are brought safely home. The quality of beef produced is the best, and under the circum- stances the cost of production is reduced to a minimum. Not infrequently an animal whose total cost did not exceed more than a few dollars, realizes from $30 to $50. It is generally acknowledged that both cattle and horses prefer and thrive better on wild prairie grass than on cultivated varieties. It is so easy to obtain an ample supply of hay for the mere trouble of curing the wild grass, that Manitoba farmers have not done much in the way of cultivation but at the Experimental farm at Brandon very useful work is being done in this connection. Manager S. A. Bedford states that sixty grasses and clovers are being tested. As the farm was only established in 1888 it is too early to express a decided opinion with regard to many of these varieties, but enough has been learned to establish the fact that Manitoba will always have a most bountiful supply of grass. In certain parts of the country where there is a considerable quantity of wood, cattle, and sometimes horses are kept out of doors all the winter ; but on most Manitoba farms they are stabled from about the middle or end of November to the middle or end of March. Most days the cattle are turned out and allowed to run round the buildings and in the yard and '• rustle" round the straw stacks. 8heep> — It has been found that this province is especially adapted to the rearing of sheep. In some parts of the province men have gone into sheep ranching on a large scale, and have found it very remunerative. Pi£;S. — The raising of pigs in Manitoba has not received that attention which its importance and profits demands. Last summer one of the leading provincial papers offered a prize for the best essay on "The Profits of Hog Raising in Man- itoba and the North West." The prize was awarded to Mr. Henry Newmarch of Strathewan, Manitoba, who says " An ordinary Berkshire grade of pig six weeks old can be boufjht almost anywhere in Manitoba for $2 ; commoner pigs in propor- tion. At six months ^id, if these pigs have been well fed, cleanly kept and are fairly well bred, they should dress 140 lbs. each. Now estimate the cost of this 140 lbs. Pigs at six weeks old weigh twenty pounds, costing $2 ; four and one half months to make 120 lbs. increase, will eat an average of three and one half pounds of food for each pound gained, or 420 lbs., in all costing usually about seventy cents a 100 lbs,, or $3. 15 ; cost of killing and hauling to market, say fifty cents, or in all $5.65. The average price of pork at that season of the year, viz., ' October, is eight cents, which, for 140 lbs. would bring $11.50, leaving the profit of $5. 55 for each pig for the summer, which ought to satisfy even the most exacting for iheir labor and skim-milk. " -9 — There is very little doubt each year will see a larger number of pigs kept in the province. As farmers become more firmly established and get better buildmgs around them, they will pay more attention, not only to keepmg pigs, but to poultry, which do remarkably well, and to many of the other etcetras (or what in anew country have too often been treated as such) of a prosperous mixed farm. Both animal and vegetable life in Manitoba enjoys a singular exemption from diseases, and from those enemies of the breeder and farmer that rob the latter ot so large a proportion of the reward. Dairy Faririing is constantly engaging an increasing amount of intelli- gent interest. In most parts the pasturage is of a superior quality and the supply of good water is ample, fulfilling mor,t of the conditions for profitable cheese and butter making. Already a limited number of creameries and cheese factories have demonstrated the profit that may be derived from these enterprises. The govern- ment the agricultural societies and the farmers' institutes are in various ways promoting these industiies. Each year will doubtless witness more extensive operations in these departments, as those who have considered their value and have made practical tests are fully satisfied of their remunerative character. I lie market for these commodities is practically limited and good prices are assured. The special correspondent of the London Times, y/\io travelled through Canada several years since, writing to that paper about Manitoba, says : " The products of the province are of the widest range. In food, the people no longer need outside supplies, but grow all their own meats, vegetables and fru.ts, with .arge qua"""^f^ '° spare for shipment to less favored neighbors. The tall elevators that stand up at frequent intervals along the raflway routes tell of the wheat this rich valley produces to send to all parts of the worm. Train loads of cattle and hogs raised on these prairies are sent eastward to Canada. ^ he dairV interest is becoming so large that several towns are extensive exporters "[.b""" a"'lj^heese Manufacturing establishments are sprmging up and, taken all together, this P^"''"^ P/"^ H^* seems, after the railway journey round the rock-bound coast of Lake Superior and the sterility on Th4 height of land between its affluence and the Red River, to be literally the Promised Land for the Canadians." Game.— Manitoba is a veritable sportsman's Paradise, for, in addition to the various kinds of fish, the sportsman can find elk, moose and deer at points not far removed from Winnipeg. Then in the settled parts of the country and around nearly every town and village he may find almost unlimited quantity of prairie chicken, wild ducks and geese, wild turkeys, foxes and prairie wolves, some badgers and martens, skunks, etc., etc. Perhaps when the sportsman finishes up by skunk hunting, he will conclude the variety is sufiicient. — 10- i^mportgnt 9hatter6 Voiced Pl«nty 9f Wood and Coal— Water Abundant— And the Climate all that can be Desired. FUEL HE fuel question nas been satisfactorily solved. While as yet no difficulty has been experienced in regard to this, the visible supi-li' was by no means inexhaustible. The opinion that has for some time prevailed that there were enormous coal deposits here has been fuily verified. It is now known that there are vast coal areas within and contiguous to the province of such extent as to be practicably inexhaustible. It has been discovered that between Red River and the Rocky Mountains there are some 655000 square miles of coal bearing strata. This coal is without doubt good for domestic purposes, and is believed to be equally so for steam and manufacturing purposes. The Legislature has effected an arrangement by which this coal is to be supplied at from $3.50 to $5.00 per ton, according to locality. With the extra- ordinary transportation facilities possessed here, controlled and regulated as far as possible by the Legislature, and with enormous depositsjof excellent coal, easily and inexpensively available, Manitoba enjoys most exceptional advantages, assuring an ample and cheap supply to all her inhabitants. WATER SUPPLY It may be proper to observe that the water supply of the province is abundant. In addition to the numerous larger and smaller rivers and creeks, there are generously distributed many lakes of varying dimensions, from the size of Lake Winnipeg down to small ponds, all of which almost without exception are fit for animal and domestic use. Not infrequently bubbling springs of the purest and most wholesome water afford an ample supply. Pumps are used winter and summer with as little difficulty as elsewhere. Water is found in most parts of the province with comparatively little trouble. There are, of course, some few points where difficulty has been experienced in obtaining good water without sinking a great depth for it, but that is the case in all countries. As a rule it is easily obtained in Manitoba at a very shallow depth — very often not more than twelve or fifteen feet. CLIMATE Perhaps, upon no one point is Manitoba so misunderstood as in regard to, its climate. The idea has largely prevailed in the East that it is a frozen wilder ness, the fit abode only of Indiana and wild animals. No opinion could be more incorrect than this. The climate is cold in winter and warm in summer. But as the atmosphere is wonderfully dry and bracing, neither the cold nor the heat is felt as they otherwise would be. For instance, 10° or 20° below zero in a humid atmosphere would be simply unendurable ; in Manitoba it is pleasant. On such days as these with their wealth of bright sunshine, the streets are fairly alive with '.."ae youth and beauty of the land. Sleigh bells are jingling everywhere, and all «eem on pleasure bent. In the country districts the winter is the great time for social enjoyment. The work of the day over, about five or six o'clock the farmers get out their sleighs and drive over to a neighbor's house to spend the evening with a number of friends, or perhaps there is a debating society, or a church social, or a dance in the settlement. The wintei is thoroughly enjoyed by the residents. — 18 — I I winter Work.— It must not however be supposed that ple?isure monop oUzes this season of the year. On the farm a good deal of work has to be done. The stock must be attended to, the grain hauled to market, and a supply of fuel laid in. A good deal of building is done during the winter months, and it is generally found that when the end is drawing near the settler finds he; could do with another week or two of it to enable him to get ready for the spring. At any rate, he not infrequently says so. The seasons vary a little, but as a rule the winter may be expected to set in about the middle or end of November, and continue to the middle or end of March. During that time there are but few changes. Fog, rain, sleet and thaw are prac- tically unknown. Usually the sky is clear and there is bright sunshine. The snow fall is but slight, averaging only about from 12 to 1 8 inches on the prairie. Sprinjf.— Spring commences about the end of March. The snow then melts, the frost goes out of the ground, and during the month of April seeding is general. No time should now be lost by the farmer, for as a rule the man who gets the spring work started and finished in good time will be likely to obtain the best results in autumn. Seeding is, or should be, pretty well finished by the first week in May and then summer quickly arrives. Summer and its Work. — When the farmer has finished seeding, he can find employment for himself and horses for six weeks— till, say the end of June, " breaking" the virgin prairie soil. In the case of new arrivals who have no crop to put in, breaking can oi course be commenced when the farmers begin seeding, or very soon after. " Breaking" means ploughing up the i^rairie sod for the first time. This is usually done about two inches deep. After it has lain about two months the sod becomes decomposed and is then ready for "back- setting" or ploughing over again. This time the ploughing is usually four or five inches deep, so that 1n addition to the old sod two or three inches of loose soil is turned up and the land is then ready for seed the next spring. This " back- setting" is generally done either just before harvest time or just after. Haymaking commences about the middle of June and is continued until harvest time, about the middle of August. Autumn. — The autumn .'ason is now approaching; some three months of delightful weather may be anticipated. The days are neither excessively hot nor unpleasantly cold. Towards the latter part of ihe time and just before winter sets in, the glorious Indian summer with its hazy atmosphere, warm, sunshiny days, and cold nights spreads its mantle of peace over the land. In Manitoba these three months are the busiest and most important of the whole year. The grain has to be cut and stacked and the land ploughed up again for seeding next spring. In Aiir"=^t the click of the self- binding harvester is to be heard everywhere. In September thousands of grain stacks are dotted all over the prairie ; and a grand sight it is to drive for hundreds of miles and see these countless pyramids of grain, tc.v.irying at once to the beneficence of Providence, the industry of man, the richness of the soil, and salubrity of the climate. In October and November, grain is largely threshed out, and during the winter months it is sold and delivered in the nearest market. Such is a brief epitome of the climate, and the principal branches of agriculturral work calling for attention at the various seasons of the year. The climate of Manitoba is, without doubt, one of the healthiest in the world and it is remarkable that, notwithstanding the exaggerated ideas current in the East regarding it, the residents are almost unanimous in preferring it to that of the country from which they have com*;. —13— C/3 u Si M U (t^^Mi, yheia{ ^ife A Question of Great Importance Satisfactorily Answered. t. ligwiMP'iy] y. iBsr i ^9 V >H ibjj '<^l ■Jnl •)l mU J ^A rwfl ;■ ^^^PS L^BHI UCH has been written in this book about the money making aspect in the West, about the climate, the soil, the products of the country, etc., but to the man or the woman who has been brought up in an old established and thickly settled country, one other consideration of transcendent importance suggests itself, especially to intending settlers with families. The question so frequently asked is as to the social condition. What kind of people shall I meet there? Are they kind hearted? .Will they help me on arrival ; or give me the cold shoulder, and laugh at my ignorance ? Will the society be congenial ? Shall I ever be able to go to church or school, or concert or meeting ; or to have social gatherings at home ? Are there towns there, witli shops and streets, etc., etc.? All such questions as these, aud many much more extraordinary are asked daily by those who think of going to Canada. If only the truth were known, much needless anxiety might be avoided on ttiis sul)ject. The newly arrived settler will find in Manitoba a warm hearted, hosjMtable people ready to receive and help him, provided he is honestly anxious to improve his circumstances in life. It is nothing uncommon to meet in one prairie home at asocial gathering the representative of the old blue-blooded British aristocracy, the professional man, the trader, the farmer, and the laborer. It seems to be recognized that " A man is a man if he's ready to toil." The classes who in the older countries "Toil not neither do they spin," in Manitoba dig and plough and build and are not ashamed of that fact. In the truest sense of the expression "All men are equal," for all men are there to make a living and improve their position in life. Though amongst settlers who arrive with but little means there are poor people, yet poverty is almost unknown. Of poorhouses there are none. The whole province is divided into three districts for judicial purposes, in each of which is a court house and gaol. It not infrequently happens that in one or other of these gaols not a sini,de prisoner is confined. From this it will be rightly inferred that life and property are as safe and as well protected here as anywhere, while the hardships or dirticulties, if any, will be limited to such as may naturally arise in beginning, and in conditions inseparable from sparseness of settlement. There are churches in connection with nearly all denominations ; there are schools, banks, hotels, clubs and societies pf all kuids. There is cas and electric lieht There are trains and busses and tram cars. If inclined for spoit, there is excellent shooting, and in some parts fox hunting upon the orthodox plan, is indulged in. If living in tlie country, there are in most parts good roads to travel on to market. Though the postman will not come around and deliver the letters every day, there are few places where there is not a mail twice a week, and in most places there is a daily mail. The letters have to be called for at the post ofhce. The feelinc is very general that the man who lives by agriculture in the west ha': a very hard time of it. The fact is, owing to the introduction of machmery and the creat extent to which it is used, the Manitoba farmer does not endure as much heavy physical toil as does his less favored brother in the east. Except in regard to some of these luxuries which are the outcome, not merely of a highly developed civilization, but of centuries of settlement ; life n> Manitoba is P^^ett^ '""ch wh^t it is in tlie older provinces, only that it is rendered more tolerab.e by the less irksome social restriction imposed by society. — 15 — AN ADVANCED CIVILIZATION Manitoba to-day, though young, enjoys all the concomitants of advanced civiliration. Her postal service is quite complete for so new a country, and is being rapidly improved. Telegraph lines are being established throughout the province and are being constantly extended. Four different railway systems with their branches splendidly equipped, afford transportation facilities of an excep- tional character. In the cities and towns gas and electricity supply light and motive power, and so the catalogue might be extended. The people of tne province have in their educational, religious and philanthropic institutions, given mcontestable evidences of their advanced ideas, their generosity, and public spiritedness, while the authorities have been granting liberal aid when warranted in so doing, by establishing and fostering agricultural societies, farmers' institutes, an experimental farm, insane asylum, an mstitution for the deaf and dumb, a home for incurables, and other similar institutions. All the leading denominations are well represented. Many of them own fine church edifices with comfortable residences for their ministers, Whether from conviction or habit, the people of the country are careful in their attendance upon Divine service, and in their support of the church of their choice. Sunday schools are greotly esteemed and liberally sustained. In sparsely settled neighborhoods denominationalism is forgotton and all join to establish and maintain a union Sunday school. A decided preference is thus expressed for order, Sunday school observance, and the careful training of the young against the violence and disregard of order and the Sabbath, that are too conspicuous in many new communities. EDUCATION The Educational System of Manitoba is inferior to none. There is a Provincial University liberally endowed with which some five colleges are affiliated. These colleges, except the medical, are under the control of different religious denomi- nations. High schools form the connecting link between the public schools and the colleges. The public schools are national in character, recognizing no class or distinction of any kind. They are free and of a high standard, embracing as the system does the most approved features to be found in other old and new world systems. It is regarded by educationists as one of the most complete now extant. Public schools are established upon the request of the people as soon as the necessities of the latter demand them. The cost of maintenance is partly provided by the revenues derived from the lands set apart for public school purposes. No less than one eighteenth of the lands of the province have been thus set apart. The Provincial Government also makes an annual appropriation of about one fourth of the entire revenue for the same purpose. The balance of the cost is divided between the School District and the Municipality. In thi way the cost is so distributed as not to create a burden on any. The standard tor teachers is high and insisted upon. It will thus be seen that the educational needs of the people are well looked after. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS All the buildings necessary for the due administration of justice are provided. In addition to these, there have been erected and fully equipped, a Deaf and Dumb Institute at Winnipeg, a home for incurables at Portage La Prairie, an asylum for the insane at Selkirk and a second asylum for the insane at Brandon. The institute at Winnipeg has now been in successful operation for some three years and is doing most efficient work. The number of deaf and dumb in the province is not large but there was a general demand that their misfortunes should be mitigated as far as possible. Those unable to defray the cost of their education are maintained at public expense. The institution at Portage La Prairie provides a comfortable home for seventy- five who may be afflicted with diseases not contagious and are inclined to seek its friendly shelter. The government defrays all txpenses though those able to pay their way are expected to do sa -16— 1 r I WiW yuaain ^mon^ Room for Hundreds of Thousands to Repeat the Experience of Successful Ones. mHE extent of the boundaries of Manitol)a is ample to sustain a population of millions. There is room for hundreils of thousands more to repeat the experience of those who have satisfied them- selves that farming in Manitoba is a remunerative occupation. It will be observed that the reason why this is so are, among others, the following : First. — The land is easily cultivated. There is no clearing of forests, no removing of stumps and roots, no need of irrigation. Almost no stones to interfere with working the land. After the land is once broken and backset, little or no difficulty is experienced in its cultivation, which means a minimum of cost. Second. — The land is specially suited for the use of machinery ; sulky ploughs, seeders, binders, and all labor-saving machinery can be used with the fewest possil)le hindrances. Third. — Fertilizing the land is not necessary, doubtless in time this may be resorted to profitably. Fourth. — A large yield is almost certain. Observation establishes the fact that the further North grain is grown tlie larger is the yield. While further South it is usual to find two grains in each cluster forming the row, in Manitoba three, and often more, well formed grains are usually found in each cluster. Fifth. — A very superior sample, and correspondingly valuable sample, is most generally secured. It often weighs sixty-five pounds to the bushel. Manitoba wheat uniformly commands the higliest price in the markets on account of its vastly superior flour-forming properties. Sixth. — The beautiful dry weather that usually prevails during harvest time and throughout the fall enal)les thefaimer to harvest, cure, and thresh his grain with the least amount of handling and expense. No one thinks of putting his unthreshed grain in a barn. Specially careful farmers stack their grain, while many thresh it out of the stook and store it in granaries or elevators. The reader must remember that these statements are not made ns theories or prophecies, but on the actual experience of thousands, who in the course of a series of years have tested their perfect accuracy. MANUFACTURES While agriculture is and will likely continue to be the leading and most important industry of the country, manufacturing interests are by no means neglected. Certainly, with an increasing population and corresponding needs, these will continually become greater in number and importance. Already there are in the country flour mills, saw mills, planing mills, sash, door and blind factories, woollen mills (for the manufacture of yarns, cloths, blankets, etc.), oil mills, brick yards, paper mills, machine shops, wagon and carriage shops, cooper shops, etc. It will be readily inferred that where so many different lines are now operated successfully, there is a very large field for these and other manufacturers as the country develops. Mineral deposits of different kinds await development. The coal and iron deposits are, without doubt, extensive and valuable. Coal oil also has been discovered, while there are extensive and most valuable deposits of clay, suitable for the manufacture of bricks, terra cotta, etc. -Ifi- 'Ji H ■/) 1—1 H < H H < nai{road4 and T^arAefy Railway Extension a Marked Feature Markets at every Railway Station -Grain is never a druc on the Market. •t — k I ^^PAIL>A^AYS now-a-(lays arc a prime essential to a good grain W^^^ market. The several systems of railways operating within the ^ ^^ Province of Manitoba, at the prcsfnt time supply a service that #^^^^ 1 is really excellent. When the branches now projected are in full ^J working order, scarcely any portion of the province really neciling a railway will be without one. Competition between the different lines is relied upovi to procure improved rates from time to time. The following ta'.ile shows the present mileage : Main line (-.!'. R. 300 Pemliiii.-i Mountain br.-xnch C.P.R aoa Southern and Canadian branch \a/l Emerson branch C.P.R 66 West Sellcirk branch C. P. R 23 Stonewall _. 20 Branilon and Souris Coal Field branch 5a Manitoba and Northwestern 279 Saskatchewan and Western 15 Shell River branch ... . 11 Red River Valley N. P. and M 65 Portage Extension _N. P. and M 50 Brandon and Morris branch N. P. ife M 145 North West Central 50 Hudson Bay (not yet equipped) 40 By glancing at a map of the province it will be soon that the roads have been fairly distributed, and no doubt need be entertained that railroads will be extended and built as they may be required. In i88r there were about 275 miles of railway. " 1891 " are " 1,375 " Incre,ise in ten years i.ioo " " In 1879 there was no railway at all in the whole country between Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains. In addition to the railroads mentioned above, others are projected ; among these are the Winnipeg and Duluth Railroad, intended to connect by an air line, Winnipeg and Duluth (a United States port on Lake Superior), and the Winnipeg and Hudsfjn Bay Railway, which it is proposed to build to Hudson Bay, a distance of about 700 miles. The extension of railways during the last three or four years has been one of the most strongly marked features of Manitoba's progress, and this development is truly marvellous. Markets. — It is almost a truism to say of this country that whei-ever '. here are railways, there are markets ;for at nearly all railroad station", ;iict( .u.' -ain buyers and elevators, or facilities for loading and unloading grain, cViu! i'lcre io also the nucieu.i of a small village, so that the farmer not only gets cash for his grain, but is able at the same time and place to put up, if necessary, at the adjacent hotel and refresh both himself and his team, and at the shops near by obtain the comforts anc. many of the luxuries of life. Demtiiri^d I'or ^rain. — Grain is not a drug on the market as many in the Old Country s'^po >;;v it to he. On the contrary, owing to the superior quality, there is usually qu' < '-' 'ely s< i.imble on the part of buyers to obtain good grain. It is sold upon i. r*vaminers who derive their authority from the Government. A Government grain examiner is appointed who determines the grade of each lot submitted to him for inspection. Up to the present, the great bulk of the surplus wheat of Manitoba has been sold to millers in Eastern Canada, who use it for improving the grades of their flour. Some little has for several years past been shipped to England and Scotland, and this year is likely to see the amount thus disposed of considerably increased. Should the present rate of progress be maintained, Manitoba will, within five years, be ai'le to supply Great Britain with thirty to fifty million bushels of wheat, in quality equal to any, and superior to most the world produces. PRODUCT OF CROPS The figures given below show the product of the principal cereal crops in Manitoba in 1891 to be 41,152,080 bushels. As these figures represent the opera- tions of less than 20,000 farmers, some idea can be formed of what the ultimate result must be when the millions of acres yet untouched are brought under cultivation. DISTRIcr Wheat Oats Barley Acres 53,639 157,219 202,733 189,222 178,796 135,055 Bushels Acres 33,005 41,870 57,949 60,889 51,292 54,636 Bushels Acres 13,106 7.998 11,190 23,686 17,059 16,789 Bushels Northwestern 1.357.067 3,977,641 5.129.I45 4,787,316 4,523,539 3,416,891 1,835,641 2,022,321 2,798,937 2,940,939 2,525,703 2,639,064 466,573 284,729 398,364 843,23' 607,301 697,688 Central South Central. North Central Eastern 916,664 23,191,599 305,644 14,762,605 89,828 3,197.876 — 21 — > »— < Pi en o CO W H ^; o o w « H Pi o o u kfoil Opinions of Experts- Land of High Fertility- Easiiy Obtained. of the lirst cjuesiions a practical man will ask is this : " What kind of soil is there in Mani- toba? " The answer to this question can only be in general terms, as whilst land may be good in one district, in another it inay be indiCferent. Speaking generally, the surface of the country is a rilling prairie, largely divested of trees, and in the majority of cases largely covered with a luxuriant growth of grass, which, renewed year by year, has for centuries fed the vast herds of buffalo — millions in number — that roamed over its surface. This land is ready for the plough. The soil is in many cases a rich black loam, resting upon a clay sub-soil. It has within recent years been analysed by some "r u *'^YT'.l'' "^ g'''^''i^e^t chemists, and examined by many of the leading men of the Old Country. Within the last four or i.ve years Manitoba has been visited by a large number of influential men who, at various times, and in their own ways, have stated their opinions as to the soil of this part of the world Professor Tanner, of the Department of Agriculture, South Kensington, one of the best known scientific agriculturists in Great Britain, writing on this subject, says : *» "The soil of Manitoba difTei-s very greatly in difTerent parts, for we must not foreet tint we arespeakn,s of a tract of cmmcry larj^er than Crcat Hritain and Ireland. No one need be surprised at the fact that wc hnd in Manitoba, soils uhich are good, bad and ind ffcreiU, and vet experience justifies the Indian title it bears as ' The Land of the C; eat Spirit, or God's Co try ' fur this IS the luera tnuislaMon of the word ' Manitob.u' One man may tiai hfully desx be he soil of his neiKhborhood .as „ uir most ferule in its character, whilst another man may Vi h Z''V;P 1 • r''"'"'" f'""'' ''"','' Y 'i'^.^'ir':^"-^-'-^' '-'^ '-i"« of littl. a^-ricultural v.S' Tie p.ac ical quesiion we have to deal will, is this :-Can we fmd plenty of ^•ery good land throuuh! out the province? 1 h.ave not the sightest hesitation in sayin;; that land of\eVkV fen h,v n..ay .le most easily obtained there by any man who knows his business, and who can e tie dilTerence between Rood and inferior soils. I am bound even to go beyond this, an 1 state that a though vve have hitherto consulered the black earth of Centr:;i Russia (Tclorn 'i Zem) he richeslso,l,ntheworld,that land has now lo yield its distinguished position to the rich deei, black soils of Manitoba .and tie North West Territory. Here it is that ' the champion so sf the world are to be found, and we may rejoice that they are located witiiin the British En pire' Professor Fream of the College of Agriculture, Downton, Salisbury, spoaking ot the country lying between Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains, says : . ." l'>o!" tkc Red River Valley to the fiot-hills of the Rockies is one vast fertile plrin the pratrie, which for a,,;es has alfonled gracing lands to innumerable herds of buffalo wl icl, ve'to a gre.at extent disappeared. in the presence of the white man, but whose bones, bleach ig on he prairie nuay still be seen .n great numbers, Red River Valley is occupied by a gre.at lacustr ne deposit forty nules wide which extends right through the province of^AIanLb:? f,'om noA" o south It presents a ilat. surface of the most typical j.raine land, and is made up of the fines" possible silt with .a coyermg of black vegetable soil which works up with great facility inU choice .agricultural land. ^ fai -'«i iticnuy inio _ In the year i8cS4, The British Association met in Canada, and during the trip many of the members visited and examined Manitoba and the Western Prairies. In a speech delivered at Winnipeg on the return journey, by Sir Richard Triple, M. P., that gentleman said: ^ — 2;i — " Almost everywhere we saw rich soil. Most of us expected we would find tracts of arfa waste, or that, if we saw rich soil, it would be largely interspersed with specimens of gravel rock, and soil not suitable for cultivation ; but this idea proved entirely false." ' The Right Honorable the Earl of Aberdeen paid a prolonged visit to Canada in 1890, and on Feby. loth, 1891, giving evidence before the Imperial Colonization Committee in London, said : M 't' b ^" '*°' '^^^^ '° ^* ^" expert as to soil, but I was very pleased with what I saw in The British and Irish Farmers' Delegates who went out to Canada in 1890, were much pleased with the soil, as the following representative reports show. Mr. John Speir of Newton, Glasgow, Scotland, writes thus : K„ *-^'7^r fertility of the soil of the Prairie Province, as it is called, can scarcely be surpassed by tnat of any other country. The greater part of this vast area is underlain by deeo beds of a ^n^A "t'W^^ .T '^^ '7 -LT^!?-'' ^■•=f'-ru'^in«to twenty-four inches of^lack vegetable f »», « ^"/f^ southern and middle districts of this province, are to be found millions of acres ^h^l ^u-^u ^';'"!%'?"4 V°.\^ ""•=' ^"^ anywhere and these same plains produce a qualify of wheat which sells in Britain higher than hat of any other country." quaiuy 01 Mr. Edwards of Ruthin, Wales, says of Manitoba : "The greater part of this province contains millions of acres of wheat erowine land t^^r^nl^'A^ ^'" ^'^''"" ""^"-'e ^""^ *■=«' °f ^^^'^^ ^«?«'^We mould, and w ll^yTeTd eUt o^ ten crops of wheat in succession without rest or manure.''^ Major Stevenson, of Londonderry, Ireland, reports ™»»-"?^* ^°'' "f.^Ianitoba is of a rich vegetable loam, black in color, and full of organic "xhausted?"""""' ^ " " °^ ^''^' '^^P'^' ^""^ ''" ^^^'^ "^ P'^' f°°'l cannot eaX be o iui^''. ^^^^^^ I^aniel, of Dereham Road, Norwich, England, expresses this «l^.,"J**^- ^°" a^^. products in Manitoba and the North West differ much from those of the nr^L^™"^""'- f ^'"' ^°'' "^"""'''^ °''^ '^^'^ vegetable loam of great depth and capable of producing grain for many years to come without the application of manure. Here we found the SrveTy°'fine°and :' good qualUy.P°'^*°^^- ^''^ '^"^^' ''^°"«'^ °"'^ ^''"-'^ '" ^'-" 'I"-""-. Further remark regarding the soil is unnecessary. SETTLERS IN A POSITION TO PURCHASE. The most convincing testimony to the character of the Country and the profits resultine from Agriculture is found in the constantly increasing sales of land to resident farmers r.u ?.^' ^^""^ '■^tP°''' S°,™,^^ '^'■°'" '"^""y quarter, scarcely any lands are sold except to residents of the Country. It would be impossible to over-estimate the value of such testimony After a residence of years in the Country employed in making the most accurate and critical tests results are so satisfactory that no opportunity to extending and enlarge their operations is neglected. Ihe farmers of Manitoba are acquiring more land as fast as they can, and in this way is adduced the most satisfying proof that they have found farming highly remunerative. Recently the school lands scattered throughout the Province, which have been left over from former sales were again offered at public auction. They were sold almost exclusively to our own farmers' and at prices indicating how they were valued. The average price realized was nearly $8 pe^ ^•c,:. J^'^ for wild lands that have been previously picked over and over again shows a very distinct appreciation in values. Of course it will be understood that some lands in very favored localities brought much above the average, while other lands in more remote districts were not' sold. The recen reduction m the price of C.P.R. lands was made to stimulate immigradon and increase the cultivated areas of the Province. It may be repeated in this connection though stated elsewhere, that good farming lands may be purchased at from «2.00 per acre ' ^ «.»;„„ ,7r.5°''^f^'^.u^ "'"'.'^'^ ""=2"* '^'"' '" beginning, likely be satisfied with a quarter section of land, and with a modest outfit. «. Huanci Others, however, who have larger resources and desire to make investments in remunerative enterprises, should understand that if wisely made and prudently managed, few, if any, wi?l be found to be more desirable than those made in farming operations here .=n mi^°.?^f' *° be understood that nothing except the extraordinaiV resources of the country can make up for a lack of intelligent experience and prudent management i-ountry Ihe land should be carefully selected with re'^erence to intended operations If it is pIs'tS?age and good"hl!y ^"""^' ^°°'^ '''''*' '^"'^^ '''°"''^ ^^ ''"''""^ ^'^^'^ '^^'^ !« P'^"'^ °f point should befe3.'' '^" -^-f object, a tract of land suitable though convenient to a shipping n^j, For .successful cattle, horse or sheep raising, lands of a different character will be selected ^^T^i^u^:^^^:.:^^ ""'• °' '^°""^" ""''"' "^°" '''^ '^"p"^' '- ---"--■ -d't —24- Land Laws and Survey System ^N an agricultural country such as Manitoba, amongst matters of first importance to the prospective settler and investor, are the laws affecting the administration, sale and survey of land. The whole country is divided into townships, that is, a tract of country six miles square. The following diagram shows the manner in which the country is surveyed. It represents a township, that is, a tract of land six miles square, containing thirty-six sections of one square mile each. These sections are divided into quarter sections of i6o acres each. TOWNSHIP DIAGRAM 640 ACRES. N. w. ...31.... .32.... ...33.... ....34.... ; ....36.... ....36.... ...30.... ....29.... ....28.... ,...27.... .. .26... ... 25.. ...24.... 19... ...20.... .. 21.... ... 22.... : ...23.... ■ .. 18.... ....17.... .16... ■ .15. 14. 13... ...7.... 8.... 10 ...11.. . ...12.... 1 . .6 en ■■• 4. ... .. .3 ... 2 i s. Sections ii nnd 29 are set apart for school purposes, and are known as School Lands. Free Homesteads. — In some parts of Manitoba free homesteads of 160 acres each are still obtainable, but these are usually some considerable distance from the railway and from markets. Mr. H. H. Smith, of Winnipeg, the Chief Commissioner of Dominion Lands, says : ' " Free grants of one quarter section (160 acres) of surveyed agricultural land may be obtained by any person who is the sole head of a family, or by any male who has attained the age of eighteen years, on application to the local agent of Dominion lands, and on payment of an office fee of $10. _ At the time of making the entry the homesteader must declare under which of the three following provisions he elects to hold his land, and on making application for patent must prove that he has fulfilled the conditions named ihcrrin ■ — 26 — _ I. By making entry and withm six months thereafter erecting a habitable house and com. inencing actual residence upon the land, and continuing to reside upon it for at least six months in each year for the three next succeeding years, and doing reasonable cultivation duties during that period. 2. By making entry for the land, cultivating it for three successive years, so that at the end of that period not less than forty acres be under cultivation ; residing for at least six months m each year within a radius of two miles of the homestead ; erecting a house upon the homestead and residing in itfor three months next preceding the application for patent. %, By making entry, and within six months from the date thereof of commencing the cultivation of the homestead; breaking and preparing for crop within the first year not lelis than five acres- cropping the said five acres and breaking and preparing for crop not less than ten acres in addition, and erecting a habitable house thereon before the expiration of the second year, and thereafter residing therein and cultivating the land for at least six months of each of the three years next prior to the date of the application for patent. "Persons m.-iking entrj' for homesteads on or after September ist in any year are allowed until June ist following to perfect their entries by going into actual residence. The only charge for a homestead of 160 acres is the entrj- fee of ! "^ 535?05 3 «= m m" cT I^ <^ CO ° <; m"^ NI VilOXINVJ^ Ni aaAiHay 00 00 00 00 00 o^oo t^ 1^00 r^ r^oo oo tsoo t^^oo oo co cc oo OOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOCOCOCOOOOO WITS ; cc^::: •n 3 &::;:••■: ■ CL O O) , . • •oooooooiSoo u "3 < §cfl(3 -G O c "It rtl ^^ . " S o >, 5" M,^ i^ o !; iS.SW " t S i^ife e o o . J3 :0 ■^8 '^^^^^u •^^i1&" (15 S-a " E S 2 o o o a.V^'^ o.-f- •icgi MI NOIXVAIXTnr) aanNn shmdv 8 0000^0000000000010100 irt>o ioOOr^O*nOOQ OlOOONOmoOCJCOOOOO'-O ""fOO O ■*^0^0 OOO lOt^ 10>0 t^ W u o h •sniB.v ^t-sM aitN.0 mir>o t^ t^ tr, -^ rr, looo o «» w o^^■oo 0\O mO'OOO « ^ roco rr) ro « w •"Sid • « NO 0) w « ■ C0\O O M • M • \0 ^ w in M ^ 0\vO xr,\0 ^O '^ xTi m t>. •daaqy i M i 1 ; ! ;° ! h t^ w • ro •31IJB3 ■S3SJ0JI OgOQOOQOQOOOOOOQOOgOOOOOOOnOOOO loaniT'A '♦•ooQCOOOOQOggoooooot-QgcQooQOg't'Q i" '"'I'^A I <» fo u-1 o 00 00 8 in o O o o o CO N o o_ o >o_ q_ o_ o_ "o o^ 5^ o_ o_oo_^ q^ lUdsr»J,[ I so" CO tC tC cT CO d" -^ cToT lo -^ rn di m^ocT cCcrfoo^^crN r^^N crioo oT fc m ^ M « M M « Ul S3J0V ro o O O O ro N o oo CO >. 00 fO t>. ^ ^*0 oooogooooooogogowoo >O00 rowoo -"t-cOfnOHi ^vo M w ON fO >-i fT OOOnOOON (H ■* CJ ITtOO ■!#• W 0\ fOvO M ro -^VO ^1 CO •TVAiaav NO 'ivxiav3 «» gogoggggggooog 550 oo-*g oinoooogooogoioo^go lo-^j g « o lOwOOMNOVOiONOlO M^^JvOW r^;^ O CO CO ;S q_ 0_ Nl vaOXINVI\[ til OHAiaav OMOOPOf^»COOfo»--^Nroc'i c^^o O' ei n n vo looo in o> t^ I- m m ^ ;>j CO OD CO CO CO CO t^ rs.00 CO 00 CO 00 00 tv r>.co oococo i^i^ i-^t>.t^ t^co oo co t^ ODOaoOOOOOOOOOCOCOCOCOOOoOOOOOOOODOOOOCOCOOOOOtWOOCOOOOOOOODOD C/3 in Oi a < ■ > ■a : tii O O to o-o !^ 3 a.t^ cl o Qi • O T3- 152 !i = T3 U *U i- 1 "^ §•? E C u "o =- O O 3 ^<<^^£,AaJ«KKu;!i5< - 89- Aetter6 from Nettie r4 Farming in Manitoba. N July, 1S91, the Minister of" Agriculture and Immigration placed in the hands of the members of the Legislature a number of circulars, for distribution to responsible farmers in their respective constituencies, asking certain ([uestions respecting the success attending their farming operations in Manitoba and also asking them to give their unbiassed opinions of Manitoba as an agricultural country, its climate and general prospects, and also any information which they might consider would be of service to prospective settlers. The figiires in tabulated statement appended and the remarks following are taken Irom the replies received in answer to the circular al)ove mentioned. .lames »«»«lklllH, !Velson.-The prospects here, I consider, are good. We have splendid so.l and plenty of it with a good climate. I never lost a bushel of grain by frost si ce I came o the country m \i^^. ' nuicc i c.imc to >VlIllnill Lovcl, Bol.SSevalu.-This country is e.ui.d to any I know of for agricultural purposes ou side of Kng and. Tl>e clitnate is good a„d plirticularly healthy, and the prospecN are all I could wish for. This years crop 1 consider will equal those of Great Hritain ^'""'^"^^ ,,., *••. ^- ?**»^*',« Bramioil.— As an agricultural country this equals the best in the world 1 he climate ts excellent and the general prospects are of the brightest, 'lo the settler that wo ks and works intelligently and conscientiously, I believe there is no such woid as failure. Fllllay M(-K>vcn, '■.- As far as I am able to judge, M.anitoba is the best farming country I ever lived in. I consider the climate very healthy. ^ Peter llottlC, »hci»|mr. ~I am well satisfied with Manitoba as a farming country Us climate is satisfactory and the general prospects .are good. * .losepll Itrtnvn, ISirtle.— Manitoba is an excellent agricultural country, with a climate not too severe and producing sound health as a rule. Considering the improvement in the condition of all farmers known to me, who live here, I must come to the conclusion that the prospects are good, at least I consider mine so. I would advise prospective settlers to select land suitable for mixed farming, and to choose that part of the country where they can jjet Eood pasture for their cattle and at the same time can grow a moderate quantity of grain. Mixed farming should be far the most profitable, and all parts of the Province are not suitable for that. Richara Cathcrs, Xccpawa.-I consider the country well adapted for agricultural purposes as well as stock raising. The chm.ate, in my opinion, Is preferable to that of E stem Canada, and the prospects .are most promising. The only want is more people to fill up the country. I am well satisfied .and have only to say to those who are not s.atisfied with their condition elsewhere, to come and see for themselves. y* ul' ^*"'** **"•• Blake.— As an agricultural country Manitoba ranks Ai with a very healthy climate. The prospects this ye.ir are especially bright. — 3f ' Thoman V. I>ahl« Rlkhoni. - 1 tiave no hesitation in recommending both the country an thechmate to those wilhng to work and believe the prospects of success, for good farmine, to be first-class. ' " "' R. R. €hl>W. Elkhorn. -I consider Manitoba a good country for mixed farming. The dimate is .severe in winter, fine and bracing in summer, and the prospects are good for the iiidustricMis settler. I would ask the prospective settler to look out and inspect the land carefully before hoinesteading or ptirchasing and see that it is suitable for the puri>ose intended, whether that be grain growing or U-ixed farming. I JaniOM Hnrry, Elkhorn.-I consider Manitoba a first-ckss agricultural country, have no fault to find 'villi either the soil or the climate, and can recommend both. .InniCH lllorrow, gily«>r HprlllK.-'l'aking everything into consideration I think there are few countries where agricultural pursuits can be prosecutcil with a better degree of success than in Manitoba. To my mind Manitoba holds out better inducements to men of limited capital, and those wilhng to work, than any other country in the world. A. Cnnl, lilrillioro.— For mixed farming I know of no better country, and in this locality we are seldom hurt with either frost or hail - in fact, my crop h.is seldom been touched with frost and never with hail. My family, .ns well as myself, enjoy the climate. To prospective settlers I would say, come, make inquiries, examine and choose your own location, and make up your mind to succeed. Go to work as though everything depended upon your own personal exertion, and you will in five years look b.ick and wonder how easily and well you have succeec^sd. .lOHcph IVilkillHon, Watlsvlew.— I have a high opinion of Manitoba and the improvement iii my circnnistancts tells the story better than 1 can. The climate is very healthy and I do not find it too cold, but we most, of course, inotect ourselves more than in the east. I would strongly ar'vise settlement by men of small capital and who are wilhng to work. To such men there is a certainty of success. This is no country for a la/y man. .Inhn ReyilolllSt Krulnll.- 1 think well of MRnitoba. Its climate is healthy :md very little sickness prevails. Good prospects are ahead to those who will turn in and work. The land yields large averages in cereals; vegetables also yield well, and are of an excellent ciuality. Would advise .settlers coming in not lo expect to make a fortune in a year or two without work or trouble. With work and careful management here, a few years will make him a man independent. tl. Ki I'rltOlli Itraillloil.- I consider Manitoba a very profit.ible grain-growing and stock country. The grasses that grow are eminently fitted for gr.izing and stock thrive rapidly. The climate is beautiful, except, perhaps, about a month in the winter that may be a little severe. I ihiiik a c.-ireful and industrious man with a thousand dollars capital cannot only do well, but should get rich. I can, without hesitation, recommend farmers from the east to come here and settle. %VilIiaill ClinipNtOIICi ltol»j«rvain.— I think that a man who is steady and will work will d(3 Ijetler here than in England. I have had draw-backs from drought and hail, but all I have is my own. 'J"he climate is good. It is, of course, cold in winter, Imt fendurable. I have 135 acres of wheat this year, and a better crop I never saw in England. John M. i'ampbrll, Brandon.— I consider Manitoba ranks hi^h as an agricultural country and is uneciualled for mixed farming, as the feeding seasons are not as Ion"- .as in the east and when cattle are turned out to grass they fatten far ipiicker. I also iliink it ranks first as a dairy country as the niglits are cool and there is no hot, sultry, close weather like what prevails 111 Eastern Canada. 1 like the cHmate with its pure, bracing air, which seems to make man and lieast thrive and leel well. •lames IMr€ailslan