9 y I'.r ■*• "* ♦ «c GIJHM Microfiche Series ^ (K/lonographs) •r f ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) *i \ \ >:' Canadf^n Instityt* for Historical IMicroraproductions / Institut Canadian da microrapcoductions hittoriquaa ^c 'f ■ r' ^ TcchniMl and Bibliocraphie NotM / Noin tachniquM •t.btlMiographiquM Th« ImtituM ha* atttinptMl to obtain th* bint orifinal copy availablt lot filmmg. Faaturtt of this cofiy which may ba biblio«raphically uniqM*, which may altar any qf jtha imafat in tha raproduction. or which iilay signifievntly chan«a tha us«fal mathod of filmint. arc chackad balow. a Colourad covers/ « Couvartura da Coutter Ce«art damagad/ Couvartura andonrniajiia : ^ t'Inititut a micrtof iimd ta maiiiaur akamplaira qu'il hii a 4t* possibia da *a procurar. 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Wtianavar po*sibla. thasa hava baan omittad from filming/ • II *a paut qua cartaina* paga* blanchas ajoutifta* ^ lorfd'iina rattauration apparai*sant dan* la taxta, mai*. lor*qua liiBla ^tait po**ibla. cat paga* n'ont pasat^filmAat. > / >- " * EShowthrough/ Transparai|ca Quality of print varies/ . Qualita inigala da I'imprassion □ Continuous pagination/ Pagination continur □ Include* iridex(es)/ Comprend un (des) index Title on header taken from:/ ■Le titre de I'en'tlte provient: I I Title page of issue/ □ D Page de titre de la livraison Caption of issue/ Titre de depart de la livraison Masthead/ Generique (periodiques) de la livraison Additional comments:/; Commentaire* supplamentaires: is item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked belowA Ce document est filmi au taux de reduction indiqui ci-de*«ou*. ^t^C- ^4*^ ^iWr ^ ^2ixr -2SX^ •^■■■ 12X r 2 T6X KX 20X 24X 28X J 32X TiM oopy fiiiiMd tm9 hM to tlM 0«n«f«Mlty of: boon roproduood thonkt -/. Notropoli ton Toronto Roforencd Libroryv BoldMin Room ^ Tho ImagM oppoorlno hofo aro tho bott quality poaalbia conaMarihfl tlia condition and lajilblllty of tha origlnil oopy and in kaaping with tlia » filming eontraot apacifieiptionf. Original eopiaa In printad fiapar oovara ara filmad baglnning wMi tlia front tovar and anding on tho laat paga with a printad or iilustratad impraa- alon; or tha back oovar \MHian appropri«ta. All othar original copiaa.|ira filmad baghtnlng.on tha f irat paga with a printad or illuatratad Impras- •Ion. and anding on^ tha last paga with a printad or Hluatratad ImpraiMlon. - -'■■/.■ r Tha laat raeordad frama.on aach microficha •hall contain tha aymboi — •»• (maaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha aymboi y (maaning "END"), whichavar appliat. ;■■.:■ ■ ' ■■.;"■■■.-■■ ■ :;■ ■" -^ r. '/'''•:-■■■ » ^ :,-''^ '■■ '■ Mapa, plataa, charta,^ato., may bo filmad at diffarant raduction rarioa. Thoaa too larga'ltb ba antlralu ineludad in ona axpoaura ara filmad baginnlhg In tha uppar laft hand'^ornar, laft to right and top^O bottom. a« many framaa at raquirad. Tha following diagrams illuttrata tha mathod: *' s^*' ^v^. L'a» g*n( piui daU eoni filmi pari darn d'im plat, origl pran d'lm Iad4 amp Und darn cat: ayml < film4 Lorai raprc da I'l atdf d'imi llluat .1 2 ;/- a- • f y Id thankt Ibraryv luallty fiblllty « film«tf g on imprat' I. AM |.on th« printed -/. h* CON- «0"K L'MmnptoIr* fllm« fut r«prodult grio* * la . -0«n4rMit4 do: ,../.;/;:■.;.>..;;.•;■•,'.■, * Notropollton TordntQ Roforoiico Library '..''": la Vdw In iRooM\ :,'. . ■.■ »..- '■■/ ■■:■'■!>■ Loo Jmagoo ouivantoo ont 4t4 roproduHoo' avoo lo pluo grand toln. oomplo tinu do lo oondHlon ot d* In nottot* do roxomploiro film*, ot on oonformM ovoc loo oondhlono du oontrat do 'filmago./ Loo oxomplalroo orlginoux dent lo couvoituro on poplor oot Imprimte oont fllm4o on coni^on9ont por lo promlor plat ot on tormlnont oolt por lo dornlAro pogo qui eomporto uno omorolnto d'improooion ou d'llluotrotion, oolt par lo sooond plat, aoloh lo coo. .TpMo loo outroo OMfniplalrao orlglnaux oont fllnnio 4n oommonvant paria pramliro pago qui eomporto uno omprolnto d'improooion ou dllluotratlon ot on 'tormlnont par la dornMro pogo qui eomporto iino toHo omprolnto. Un dot aymboloa'oulvonto apparattra our la dorhlAro Imogo do ehaquo microfiche, ooldn lo cae: lo oymbole -r^ elgnlflo "A 8UIVRE", lo oymbolo ▼ algnlflo "FIN". Lee cortea, planehoa, tablooux, etc., pouvont Atro fllmAs A doe taux de rAductloii dIfMronte. Lorequo lo document oet trop gninnpour Atro roproduit on un eoul clichA, Jl oeupim'A^portlr do I'angle aupArlour gauche, do^uel^ A drolto, • ot do haut on boo, on pronont lo nombre d'Imogoe nAcoeaalro^ Lee diogrammee euhranta illuatrent la mAthode. ' ■^ -■/ 2 3 • 5 ,/...■■■ / \J. MICIOCOrV MSOIUTION T«T CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) \ / kV -S /APPLIED IM/IGE li nc 1653 East Main Street f??if*\^i. •"*• ^o^ 1*609 USA (716) 482 - 0300 - Phone <7t6) 288 - 5989 - Tax r % % •. ». *■'.. ■*, It \ „ '■ -:■■"• /THE. ■.,;■:•;: ■,..•.;■•■■'.; :-; MODERN CRUSABE; oft TBB PRESENT RUSSIAN WAR: CONNECTION WITH SCRIFPURB PROPHECT.^ BY REV. WTLOAM WILSON, / ^ trSBLBTAir HISSIOITABT* «. " Thof mifh th« Lor^ God : Abt thoa he of whorii I hwe vpokfln In old Hme by my servants the prophets of IirAI, vhlch prophesied In those daja jtAsr yeus, that I would bring thee egidnst theim7 "— £zekiel ehap. 88, T. 17. THIRD THOUSAND.. '://-': ■■^^/^''' BOSTON: >- PUBLISHED FOB THE AtJTflOB BY GEO. 0. RAND, AND ON BAIiB AT METHODIST BOOK BOOli. HALIFAX : WBSLBYAN BOOK BpOH* - ST. JOHNS, |r.B.t J. A -A. MoMTTitJRH. 1855. \: Bblend Mcordlng to act of CongreM^ln ttie yew 185i, tiy ; WILLIAM WILSON, to tlw Clmk*! OiBoe of the Dlitrict Court of tlM Dlattlct of MauMhuetii, ■1 m ii>\.^ >'^'i ■ ^ ■ 3 "•s Ottttfi C. Bud, Printer, 3 ConUU. .\ ■'.■ PREFACi:, ^'t liiuettii ' Fotm weeks ago, the author had not the most distant idea of writing a line on the subject of the Busaan war, that would ever meet the pubUo eye. On the 13th of hist month, April, he delivered a lecture on the subject in the Wesleyan Chapel, Milton ; which lecture he Was afterwards requested topublish. . In preparing notes for his lecture, he was for some time at a loss to deterimne hpon any portion of Holy Scripture that seemed directly to bear upon tlhe present portentous events in the East, as ail the disquiations on the prophecies ^at he had seen Med to satisfy his mind as to their application and for some time he in the present instance ftaied his lectore would prove a fiulure. « / > 4 PREFAOB. * _ .> In his imziety, prophecy concei and 89th chaptei after a Qareful . V attention Xyras directed to the jg " Oog/' recorded in the 88th of the Prophet Ezehiel ; when, lination of the whole pa»- sage, he saw so ibany striking coincidents between the prophecy anld the events of the day that he was often overpowered with astonishment. In the conflict/ on the one hand, aie " Meshech" and '* Tubal/' or, as the Septuagint reads, " JRoth,'* " Meshech,'* and " Tphal,'' which can be no other than Rut^ia, Muscoi^i/t and TohiUk* On the other hand are ** Persia," " Ethiopia," " Lybia," '* Gomer," and ** Tog^ah of the^' north quarters;" which seem^ clearly to repre- sent, Turkey in Asia, Egypt, North Africa, Western Europe, and Turkey in Europe. A The land invaded by Gog has so many particu- lars mentioned, that it seems scarcely possible to apply the text to any other country on earth than Turkey *, while " Gog," the invader, is said to oome "trnm his place out of the north partt/^ " ':■■.'■-'■■'■■ The deception att^pted by "Gog," is notioed 4 I ^■■l: a '.!> ^ 'I PB^AOB • •» 4 , 1 ^'■t 4 by the Prophet in these wgrda : " And thou Shalt think an evil thought, verso 10;'* margin, " conceive a mischievous purposa ; ** which aston- ishingly depicts the duplicity under which iho Emperor Nicholas ha« acted. | The armies of " Gog,'* are said to bd " like a cloud.** Russia has the largest army of any naUon upon earth. M Gog" shall be defeated by ''an overflowing nun,** " and great hwlstones, fire, and brimstone.*' What a representation of the instrumenta of destruction fhioh modem jiifinoe' has invented! o The pla^e of overthrSf is said to be in "the Valley of the Passengers, on ih« east of the Sea;**' which, when all tha parficulan mentioned by the Prophet are considered, it would be difficult to apply to any other JpaSb except the " Gat,** or extensive rinn^ ground, between the CarpathuBT and Oural mountains in the south bt Bussia. ^ The future of " Gog " is named; "I mil torn thee back, and leave but the. ozth part of thee;" Chap. 89, v. 2. 1* / 6 FR9FA0B. ■ .♦.'!' -' Buaaia has mado largo oonquostfl from Ave nitioiM, and hor own proper territory ia the "aixth. The author pretends to no prophetic knowl- edge on his own part ; that he utterly ahomi- nates : but he respectfully submits what he thinks is a plain exposition of the sacred text; while the events of the war, so far, have all gone to prove the accuracy of his criticisms. . As to his object, he aims at doing an humble share in his heavenly Master's jrork ; and if the following exposition should prove oorreet, then it will indeed be a triumph for Ohristianity that a chain of prophecies, delijrered twenty-five oentories ago, are in our own day, and to oar own knowledge, being fvJilled in all their .detail. ■■ ■ . .._ ■■■.• The following pages were compiled from the notes prepar^ for his lecture,^ which he now submits to ihe candid consideration of a discern* ing pubiio, Tabmoutb, Nova SodnA, Mat 10, 1854. Ha his ■A .-.m if I rRCTAOl* /' P 8. A very groat and unexpootcd dolaj bafl taken plaoo in the pubUoation of this work. The intention was to publiuh it at the Woft- leyan Book Room, New York; but a reply from that establishment dated May 80th was received, in which the publication was declined. In con- se'^uence of the pressure of business. t ^ The author was then advised to publish in Halifax, 'Nova Scotia, to which place be sent his manuscript early in June, where it remained ^untU August; when, finding the work was not yet in press, ho ordered back his manuscript, aiid determined to publish in the United States. XTOiLIAM WILSON. Tabmouth, Nova Scotia, Sept. 1, 1864. *-. Gog' •■f Time M «i m of 'M ._ m tSa 1 1 '1 The 1 \C\ 1 ^] 1 te CONTENTS. "ntf ^ OHAPTEB I. \^ THB INVADERS. Gog— Meshech— tubal— Ro8h— Geographical Situation, OHAPtER II. THB COUKTIW INTADEP. Time of the Invasion— Characteristics of the Country — «» A Land brought back from the Sword " — " Gathered of many Nations"-" Against the Mountains of Israel'* — « Brou|^ht forth out of the^ Nations" — " Shall Dwell Safely " — Geogiiaphical Situation,. . . . . . . '■-3. "■^'■-,-.' ■•*••.*••• .. 86 CHAPTER m^ BBASON OF THE nrVASlONf The Covert Design of Gog— Protectorate of the Greek rac-. tice : one is Papal Rome, and the other is the corrupt Greek Church, as established m the Eussian Empire. '•] juga and .cont achi( were iion 4iav( ^ies thei man fulfi OWE pro giV( pro bei the nni ^ dOE bot w '•(, X ,• ■s J \ wei tur TBE MODERN CRUSADB. la I "the D the fifty fts in I and ficd," g. lias . gene- istian pow- many ecomo ilyzed, jrrible f did ; agon" iixdard j stan- yet to )0wer8, while ni prac- >tlier is shed in S»' The destruction of all error, A,nd the sub- jugation of all nations to the sceptre of truth and righteousness, are the grand objects .contemplated, and the end to be ultimately achieved by preaching the Gospel. • The trials and the triumphs of the church were frequent themes of prophetic revela- iion, and Christian writers of modern times have given immense interest to the prophe- iiies of old by their learned disquisitions thereon : inasmuch as they have shewn that many of those prophecies have been already fulfilled; that others are fulfilling in our own day; which circumstance, while it proves the truth of the divine records, also gives presumptive evidence that all other prophecies by the same inspired men shall be fulfilled in their proper time, and that all the purposes of Jehovah in reference to the universal extension of the Eedeemer's king- dom, shall be fully accomplished. I '^ Ortie,^ise, cha^^ downfall of both4he^^^P of Mohammedanism were foretold by the Prophets ; and Scrip- ture expositors have done great service to a jy \ •■^p!fM89f I . 14 TBB MODEBN OluSADB. the cause of truth, by thoir referonces to certain historical facts, as the accomplish- ment of prophecy ; and by the proofs they have given, that the predictions could bo applied to no other event, or chain of events, than those which wc^o selected. • i" ^ Writers on the prophecies have mostly directed their investigations to the affairs of the Western Church or the Papacy ; the corruptions and persecuting character of' - which they have shewn were foretold by the. Prophets ; but few of them have written much concerning the Eastern, or the Greek Church; which, while not so numerous as the Church of Rome, is but little less corrupt. It is certain thfllt the Latin an^ Greek Churches are both anti-christian, and both must be radically changed or entirely destroyed, ere pure Christianity shaU uni- yersally prevail, or the " earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea." r ■ The most corrupt portion of the Greek Church is in Russia, where the Autocrat is the acknowledg;ed head ; and where the #SH*P.*-« . ' *>' sea to ipliflli- 3 they lid be jventa, ' '*'■■'.. ^'' mostly affairs y ; the ter of' - by the (written Greek s as the iorrupt. Greek id both entirely lall Tini- [be full ) waters 3 Greek iocrat is lere the 4 .y ' '\ ■.: ZHB MQDBBN GRP0ADB* teeminij millions of her population are as Bubservi^ntto the will of that despot in, religiousV as>e^l as in political matters, as were the nationd of the West to the will of the Pope wing the dark ages. ^ \ i j. | WhateverVaffccts Russia as a natioii wl^ certainly affe(3t the Greek Church as estafr lished in her\ domains ; and, to a great extent, determike its future character and destiny. ^^ V'-" •' '•'''■ '■• ■■' • ■' ^-T^ if the rise and^ fall of the empires of antiquity were thV subject of prophecy, because of their connection with the church, and the present stat^ of the European nations of the West, ate described also in the sacred writings for tV same reason, it might be ^^xpected that some prophetic representation will likewise be found there of the mighty empire of the North, which has under its direct control one-fifteenth of the inhabitants of our globe, and that con- stantly exerts all its mighty power in antag- ' onism to the spread of religion^ knowledge, and to every means that may be employed for the conversion of the world. \- >-. -■ 16 IHB MODIBN OBCBADB. ..; . -f • Wo think RuBsia IB Bpok(^i of in tlio Bible, and that variouB mimim connected with the preBcnt impending war with that country . are described by the Prophet Ezokiel. ^ We select the thirty.eighth,.and part <^ the thirty-ninth chapters of that Prophets writings, as the basis of our remarks. Before prosoiiting our views to the reader we would observe i , a^a 1 That the theme of prophecy recorded in these two chapters is perfectly isolated ; that there is no prophecy anywhere else concerning ^^ Gog or Magog:" ^^^^^ ence thereto, except in Rev. 20 : 8 ; and possibly, also, in Rev. chap. 16 : H. 1«- And although, as to time, the matters predicted in these chaptfers are coeval with V other events elsewhere predicted in the Book of God, yet are they a distinct sems of events, which, to be understood, must be considered in the abstract. ^; 2. The word " Israel," as it occurs in this prophecy, must not bo restricted in its meaning to the Land of Judea. ^ /If the word **Israel" mean onii( the Land "'•^v.^,. •**ll»»np*»> THB MODSBN CRUSADB. IT of Judoa, what can wo understand from chap. 88: v. 16, 16? -"And thou ehalt come from thy place out of the north parts, thou, and many people with thee, all of them riding upon horses, a great company, and a mighty army :» And thou shalt come up against my people of Israel as a cloud to cover the land." ; , „ « Where are the "peof»le of Israer now? Are they not scattered over all nations? And what are we to understand by a " great company and A mighty army," coming "against" a people that have no place among the nations ? There is, indeed, an extended plain in the i land of Palestine, called, or rather was / called, the " Valley of Jezreel," which is said to be thirty miles long and twenty , miles wide, and which is situated on the " east " of the Mediterranean Sea. It was in this valley "Barak" discomfited Sisera; here King Josiah fell fighting with Pharoah- nechoh; on this plain the Assyrians, and the Persians of old, and in i^ern times||,^ Saracens, the Mamelukes, the ^abs, the 9» >'"? -sdi.s^'aj^ fy \.. TUB MODBIlN CRtJflADE. 18 Turks and Christian armies, liavo been encamped: yot, docs it not appear to bo "i 14- "'**',■ ■: /,.■ '.IV' \ I ■Vr '. ■ « C H A P T E R 1. ; THE INVADERS. CK«_Me»hech-Tnbia-EoBl.-CieograpUcal SitnatKm. . BzEKiBL, Chap. 38 : v. 1. » And theirord of tie Lord cauie tmto me, saying, ; Terse 2, "Son of man, set thyface against Gog, thelaM of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tnbal: and prophesy against Verse 3, "And say» tl«is saith the Lord God : Behold, I am against thee, Gog, the chief prince of Jleshech and Tubal : _ ?Verse 4;" And I wiU turn thee back, and pul hooks intathy jaws, and I ;will bring liee fbrth, aiid all thine army, horses aad horsey men, aU of them clothed with.aU sorts of ' ormyr, even a greai; cojrnp^uy loi^ buckles and shields, aU of them handling swwds. A similar sentence iB fQund|i chap. 89 ; 1* "Therefore, son of man, prc^phesy against .ii^M 23 Gog. and say, Thus saith^^^ t^^^ G<>d: Behdd, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief - prince of Meshech and Tubal. ^ ^ Verse 2, " And I will turn thee back, and leave but the sixth part of thee, and will cause thee to come up from the north part?, and win bring thee upon the mountains of TflT*flL61 Verse i, " And I will smite thy bow out of thy left handf^ and #^ cause thine arrows to fall out of thy right hand. Verse4, "Thoii shalt fall upon the moun- tains of Israel, thou, and all thy bands, aiid the people that is' with thee : I wiU give thee unto the rar^enous birds <)f every sort, and to the beasts of the field to be devoured. Verse 5, " Ttou shalt fell iipon the open field ;f6r I have spoken if ,saith the- Lord ■■.:God..:- '''■'' ''''''■^'''''' w-''^^'^^ Verse 6, " And 1 will send fire on Magog, -%id among them that dwell carelessly in the isles ;«nd they shaU know that I am the Lord-' ^- ■(■^■:^:■':^;■ ■' /' . / ■.\'._ Verse 7, " So will I make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel ; ■i^!Jr*fW 24 )Erar THE MODERlr CKTTSADE. and I will not fer^Am pollute my holy name any more : and ;fhe heathen shall know that l4 the Lord, the Holy Ona of Israel. ^^ In the al3ove texts, itiis evident Gog is a prince or sovereign, and thaii" Magog, ^ «Meshech,"aiid" Tubal "are names of countries ; and that " Gog " and his army are the invaders^ _. ,v Our first inquiry is,- Who is " Gog^J and what countries are intended by "Ma- gog," " Meshech," and"TubaU" / 1. "Magog" was the second son of Japh- eth/ His name occurs ^en. 10 : 2, and^gaini 1 Chron. chap. 1, v. 6. \ - Joseph says : "Magog founded those that i-om Wm ^erQ Magogiks, but who are by the Greeks called Scythians." Here it is plainthat the " land of Magog was the same as Scythia i and the Scythia of the ancients is the Tartary of our present ■■ ..Geography., . , " '}>■■ ■■^■l--- ,-.: ■••■'•■■;-; ■ . , ^ l 7 =The inhabitants of Tartary were formerly called " MogH^' from "Magog" ; and in that country there are provinces ^^^^ f^^^^ ^^^f/ the names, " Lug^^'' mm^g^' - Mmgol^^ .'K , THE MODERN OKUSADB. 25 ■■;■>■■ *, ■■ , :• ■ ■ - .• . « Morigogia^' ** Cmgigu^[ and ''Mogul^' M derived from " Magog." ; - ' }g," the prince, is of the ^* land of ^" that is, he is of Tartar origin. viip^Gog" is called "the chief prince of Mfeihech."..;- '^' :'■:■■: Meshech was the sixth son of Japheth, and the brother of Magog. Gen. 10 : 2. Josephus tells us, VThe Moscheni were founded by Mosoch, (or Meshech,) *^ now they are Gappadodans. There is also a mark of their ancient denomination still to be shewed ; for there is even now among them a city cralled Mazaca, which may inform those that are able to understand, that so was the entire nation once called." The descendants of Meshechj" or as Jose- phus reads it, " Mosoch," settled in the north-eastern angle of Asia Minor, and to the south pf M^t Caucasus : the country now called ^* Gwgia." In this c^iintry is "a range of mountains formerly called " Montes Moschi," near which dw^lt a race of people called " Mos- chi" Or/" Moschisi." '^ . ■ /■ 26 THE MODERN CRUakDE. ';A. portion of this tribb of " Moschi^ iflerwards emigrated Aorih ; and founded the Kussian natioi. : which from " Meshech or ^Mosoch/Vwas calM "P(w(x«?3^." Hence also is derived *' Moscofw?^ . " Gog" then is of Tartar Origin, and he is prince of Moscovy. V ^ 3. He is also prince of" ISubal." " "Tubal" was tlie fifth sdn of Japheth. ■■■ Gen.- 10: ;2. ■ ^^ ■.-■;:■ ■ '^^"■^■^^:::- ■. \ , /- ^ ^, ■ : ^ ■V' The descendants of "Tubal,T according to ^ ^b^phus, were called "Thobdites." "M^ shech" and "T4bal" are usually mentioned together, fromMich it is conclijded that they inhabited countries joining eaftsh other. A Iract of land a little to thd west of the **Montes Moschi," and bordering on the Black Sea, is said to have been the first aettlementof ^'Tubal." v Some of the Tubalites- emigrated north, and from " Tubal " is derive^ Tobolsk, and 2V)6ofoA?ie in Siberia. The Septuagint version of chap. 38 : v. 2, for, "the chief prince of Meshech and Tu- bal": reads, "the chief prince of Bx)sh, *.'•• THB MODBBN CBTJSADB. 27 Mesheeh, aiidttibal.** The -same reading also occurs chap. 89 : v. 1. ; x This reading is of very great importance, inasmuch as it introduces another tribe 5 the aiicient "Bmh^ or "Bossir and thereby fixes the sense of the whole passage. The River Araxes, which discharges ita waters into the Caspian Sea,near the for- tieth clegree of north latitude, was caUed 1^ the ancients ''Rosh;" by which name accord- ing to Bochart it is still known to the Arabs. The country near the river was also called ''Rosh;" and the people inhabiting the? country " jR^owi." From^ this the name «» Russia " is said to have been derived. ^^ ^ v From these remarks it is plain, "Gog " is Of Scythian origift or of the land of "Mar go«» ; "he is prince of '' Bx>sh " or Russia, of ^^ Mesheeh" or "JMoscovy/* and of "2^ - or ^'TobolskJr '[(^og" Emperor of Russia. * i The Scythians hv Tartars have been a^ ways a warlike people ; and certain 4ribes of them are mentioned by Herodotus, as inhab- itingthe countriea between the rivers "Bo- 28 OTB MODERN CBUSADB. • v. is, the in that rysthenes," and the %Tanais," that Dnieper and the Don, Strabo and Tacitus mention a tribe .district caUed "Boxolani," and afterwards "B(w,V as highly distinguished anjiODg the Sarmatian tribes. j Six hundred and sisty-three yeaifs Christ, and near the time of King Josiah, a tribe of Scythians invaded both Sjjrria and Palestine ; and in the latter county they seized upon the city of Bethshan, in tlie tribe, of " Manasseh," which was Ibl consje^uence IfterwaxclB called " CythopolisAoi^ I i of the Scythians. Dean Prideaux informs us that ihes^ in- yaders came from the parts about m^'Fahis Meatu" and passed round Mount ($ucabus. The "Pahis Meotis " of the ancieits id the Sea of Azof ; it w^s then some of th0 1- Iw>s ^' teibes, that invaded Palestine^^ th^ period just named, ; -J *« The tribes of the" " Mosocheni," '\ Tubal," and " ftos" or H**Rhossi," began to^ wander north; and a s Rome dec lined ^ these wa ndering tribes'began to rise into national existence. t IBB MODERN OBCBADB* 29 From the neigKborlfOod of the Caucasian- mountains, they settled first o^ f %^'^^f jf the Don and the Dnieper; but afterwards they journeyed farther north ; and, still retaining theii- original names, they gave those names to the countries where they took up their final abode : Hencere have Jtfo*- cm," "nusm," and " Tobolsk." -■ ^ ^ ; TobolA did not indeed formerly belong to Eussia, for the Oural mountwns was her eastern boundary ; and south, she was bounded by the kingdom of Astrachan, m ^out the forty-eighth of north latitude. ^ During ite latter part of the sixteenth century, a Cossack named Termack^passed the Oural mountains und dwcovered Siberia; which submitted to the Bussian ams in 1587; and was attached to the Eussian dominions. ■ , ^ The sovereigns, of Russia then^assnmed the title of " Czar of Siberia^' whidi title they still retain. „ ., v' . ..^ The prophet says of "Gog." he « /ho "chief prince of Tubal" jiiUtw," Tobolsk" or Siberia. «• *^p^,' 80 IHI HODIBN ORDSASB. t . ■.■■■.■■,■ Russia continued to be heathen until near the close of the tenth century; when the Czar Vladimir demanded the sister of the Greek Empeiror Basilius in marriage; which was granted on the condition that he should embrace Christianity. With this proposition Vladimir complied ; vast nnmbers of the people embraced Chris- tianity likewise ; and on the same day With their sovereign twenty thousand Russians also were baptized. Russia thus became Christianized by means 'of the Greek Church, and as a consequence, it embraced the ritual of that church ; and the Greek Church became the establishment of the empire. :' Michael Syra, was appointed the first Me- iaropolitan ; and for a time the Russian ' Church was subject to the See of Constanti- nople ; but it afterwards became an inde^ pendent church, governed by its owii Patriarchs and Bishops : who were said, like the hierarchy of Rome, to be almost inde-/ pendent of the civil power. -^^C^ ^ - The Patriarch of Moscow was formerfy almost equal in power with the Czar. .*■* ■t^' ./. THE MODERN ORUSAPB. 1 81 / ■ !• •■••■ This power was, however wrested from the Patriarch, by ?e.te| the Great; who su^- de^y presented iufl'self beforO the Bishops '^'^m in the year 17v2 had assembled to elect a now Patriarch ; when he claimed supremO authority in church as in state, by his memorable declaration, "lam your Patriarch." Russia, although she continued to extend her bor.ders, and caused her power to be sensibly felt, yet she had made but little progress in the arts and in civilization, until the days of Peter ; who ascended the throne about the commencement of the last century. Peter was a most extraordinary person. He travelled through Europe in disguise, ; and worked as a mechanic in ship-yards and rope-yards, at the forge, in saw-mills, at the manufactory of paper, wire-drawing, and other arts ; by which he acquired an exten- ' sive knowledge of men and of things, all of Which he reduced to practical purposes. He built, or rather founded the present capital, and after his own name called it "Peters- burg " : he introduced science, law, architec- ture, military discipline ; formed- a. navy ; — 'fWW^^^^f^F^^^^^^^'^^0WS^^'^''^^^f!^' '■Spw^^^'jffi^llF'ji-' ■ B8 XHB MODEBN OBU0AI>B. ill flict, to laid the foundation of the present greatness of the Bussian empire. Under the. Czarina Catherine, Russia was greatly extended ; and she was the first sovereign who contemplated the expulsion of the Turks from Europe ; and the xe^estab*; lishment of the Byzantine empire, or th^ occupation of Constantinople by Bussiaa ; fbrces. ■ ■ '■• , "\ ■•■■ -■ Thus has Russia continued to progress, until she has become by far the most ex- tended empire, and one of the most powejr- ful nations upon earth. The Russian empire extends f5pom the Arc- tie Ocean, to the confines of China south; and from the Baltic Sea eastward, round the North Pole, to the British possessions in North America-; covering forty-five degrees of latitude, and two hundred of longitude ; it is the greatest unbroken empire that ever existed ; occupying nearly one-sixth of the habitable globe : it is forty-one times as large as France, and one hundred and thirty eight times as larg e as E nglan d ; th e sun - never sets upon it, for before his rays have '»■■ THB MODERN OAUSADB. '*s:. w teft tho Bhoros of the Bail tic, ho has illumi- Lte4 the same empire in the wilds of North ^Jkinerica. *Sach is the present empire of " Gog,; " ho is "the chief prince of "Rosh," or Russia ; " Mesheeh," or Moscovy ; a^d of " Tubal," or Tobolsk : and^if any thing more were want- ing to shew the identity, it is the geographi- cal situation which is mentioned with such remarkable precision. in chap. 88: 15, it is said, "And thou shalt come from thy place out of the north* parts ; and in chap. 39 : 2 : " And will cause thee to come up from the north parts;" where the margin reads, ^-the sides of the north,^* ai*! " yarech" signifies iin extended line. Gen. 49 : 13. " Zebulun shall dwell aif the haTen of the sea ; and he shall be for a haven of ships; and his border, 'if»?*']'!'i ^^we-yar* chatho" his extended side shall be unto Zidon." The portion of Zebulun in the promised land ixtended from the Sea of Tiberias to the Mediterranean, and was at least three times as long from east to wes^ as fr^m north to south. ' /'"'■: ;■ ''^^■:^'.-: ■■■:^,y :V .'Z^:' '■' ■■r , 84 THB MODBBN OBUSADE* .^•...•/; Zebnlun then had "an extended north side. ' In chap. 88, '* Togarmah," ia said, to be " of the north quarters," and the word in the original is the same ; but " border " in . reference to Zebulun, and ** north quarters " in reference to Togarmah, simply describe iheir relative situation ; while " thou shalt come from thy place out of the north parts" is emphatical, and seems clearly to refer to his extended longitudinal posseBSion in the north. To this>e my add, " Gog " means "flat," "a flat roof;" or " an extended flat; " which is descriptive of Russia ; for geographers tell ns : " From Petersburg to P^in, one shall hardly meet with " a mountain on the road through Iflidependent Tartary ; and from Petersburg to the north part of France, by the road of Danzic, Hamburg, and Amster- dam, we do not perceive even thie smallest ■liiU/':--:'-^":-r-^-.-V The reader will now be prepaired to admit, that "t>og" is Russia, and that she is the invading party* .' '.,% ■^t' A. CHAPTER II. / ■ ■ ■ ■ ' •• ' ■•■' ■.-'■^■''/ . THE COtJNTBY mVADED. f ^ Time of the InvMion— Chofictoristics of tho Country — " A Land brought back from tho Sword " — " Gathered of many Nations "— " Against the Mountains of Israel " — " Brought forth out of the Nations"— «*ShaU DyreU Safely"— ;0«;.. ■ ,* ■ .■■:;•;;.. •■;>^- To make this plain i will put verses 5, 6> 7, and part of the 8th verse in a parenthesis. Verse 3. " Thus saith the Lord God : Be- hold, I am against thee, Gogs the chief pnnce of Meshech and Tubal : 4. And X will turn thee back, and jiut hooks into thyjaws, and I will bring tliee forth, and all thine army, horses and horse- men, all of them clothed" with all sorts of armor, even a great company with bucklers and shields, all of th e m han d ling swords ; 'm J".*' XBB UODBKN OBVSADB. $T ^l-J 5. ( Persia, Ethiopia, ajid Libya with . them ; alFof them with shield and helmet. 6. Gomer and all his bands ; the house jof Togarmah of the north quarters, and all his bands : jmd many people with thee. 7. Be thou prepaifed, and prepare for thyself, ihou, and all ihy company that are assembled unto thee, Jpind be thou a guard .unto them. \'-''.V'':- • ■-■••\>"'-;.---.v^ 8. After many days thou shalt be vis^ ited,) in the latter 'years thou shalt come into the land ^Aari^ brought back from the sword, afu2 is gathered out- of many people, against the mountains of Israel, which have been always waste ; but it is brought forth Out of the nations, and they shall dwell safely all of them." . By observing this parenthesis, which does* nbt alter one word in the text, it wiU at once be seen that the invading party is " Gog ; " and the people upon whom he pur- poses to vent his wrath, are " Persia," ^' Ethi^ opia " and " Libya," " Gomer ''jind " Togar- mali : " while the land he shall itcvade is ■««- 88 THE MODERN CRUSADE. particularly characterized, which character- istics, we shall examine. The time of the invasion must however b6first noticed. Of this we re^ verse 8, "In the latter years thou shalt come ;" and in verse 16 : " It shall be in tha lattw days, and I will bring jthee against my land."■^;^^-^:^■-■^.■r/:/•:v These words shew that the prophecy had, no reference to events that were transpii^ing at the time in which the prophet hin^elf lived, but to times then long posterior. The above, phrases as used by the prophets, ialways mean the Christian dispensation ; and^it is under that dispensation that we are to look f6r the fulfilment; in the "latter years,'' or under the Ohristiau dispensation we live ; and in the "latter days," or at a late period dl that dispensation, ieighte^ CjMituries of these " latter years " having passed away,) surely then, to ex{)ect thc^ accomplishment of what is here foretold even in our own day, is an idea that cannot be considered as very roiOTitic. Let us calmly, exananetiie-fectsr vi^~^ *; f-~uf v^ •-. ilHB MODERN ORUSADS. •wliicli by >ecent events we liave become or the conntry which "Gog should inyado ', several particulars are noticed by the prophet, to which we would now direct the attention of the reader. v into the land that w broiight back from the sword." >? Many persons Tjy this, nnderstand the res- toration of the Jews to their own country. To this it may be replied : that while the restoration of the Jews is a prominent topic V in the prophetic writings, yet this sentence cannot be so inteip:^ed without straining it evcin to violence. For although the Jews were subdued by the ^* sword " of the ^ Eomans, and have suffered egregious wrongs in the countries of their dispersion, which wrongs wre in many instances continued unto this day, yet, in no country are they itot(7 really slaves, and in many nations they enjoy equal privileges with other citizens ; it seems therefore s^mrcely admissible to caH iheir restoration to Palestine^ being 40 ^HB KOD^RN ORUSABB. "brought. back from iiiie aword/^ idieti^ no parallel text conveying a similar sense can be produced ; and when the different phrases in the context are not in accordance with this exposition. • v v^ Captivity, or the subjection of one nation to another, may be, anit generally is, a con- Bequence of the sword ; but if the nation or people so suffering, be restored to liberty, or to their political standing, they are.;iot said to be "brought back from the sword ;" but gaining their liberty, emancipation, restora- tion, or some synonymous term is usually employed to express such a change or state ofihmga. ' ; ; "^^ • "A^land brou^t bacfc from the sword/' does ^ot then i^iean a land or pedplo who l^ave themselves >t#««^lii?e tmi^V^^I^^ an* who have subjectek other naUons by its power. ' * Of the Jews this is not true j for they n ever w ere an ag gressive people ; but con- ^uest ^.&nd oppression -were thei most prom-. ■i ■ - / -.'. i!SE MODBBH ORUSADB* 41 inent fbatures in the former history of the ':■ Turkish nation. ;\^. ,-.i/--^.- .'- The ancestors of most nations of eminence^ ' Were the original possessors of the soil ; but it is otherwise with the Turks ; they are alto- gether an anomalous peopb, and intruders in the land they occupy. Barbarous in their origin, tjtey took ** the sword" and entered victoriously into the most eenlightened king- doms and prOYJncesf they subdued and sub- jrerted ancient ^ynastiesj and for generations they conlinxied4)y^ "the^^s^^ extend their powers until their ** Sultan " estab- lished himself m the metropolis of the Grecian empire f' and acquired iEbi^ hiinsielf hi^ preisen|^^M3|i|^ '■. TheTurks like JJie Bussi^ thian dr Tajrtar origin. They "iTere calM 2V**Aa: or "IVrArdWMwj*/' which signifies a ^^* wanderer," and is (lerived from. " Turko- jaaanla," a tract of land at the south-east Kjextremity of the Caiman Sea, which was the coutitry> of their aneestors . fc-*r«- t •''\ wwjii; 42 / KHB MODERN ORtTSABB. Ar known in Europe in tfie seventli cenlury, when Heraclius, the Greek emperor, took them into his service in his war with Persia ; ^here they dist&guished themselves by their fidelity and bravery. Until that time, their whole tribe had been heathen ) but by mixing with the Arabs and Sarabens they were led to embrace the Mohammedan faith. .The caliphs were pleas^ ed with the Turks, received, them as their guards, and formed whole armies from their, tribes; by whiph they gradually acquired power, and soon they employed their power to the dethronement of the caliphs them- selves ; and' thus" originated that system of rapine and bloOd for wlpe^ their history became BO famous,, and on which basis the Ottoman empire Was afterwards erected. • . V The Turks having become Hohammedand, were bound by their 'religion to make con- Terts by the sword'; and were never want-' ing a pretext for invading the dominions of the Qreek emperors, and for infliteting upon t h ose.t h ey conquered ail ki ndfe of torm e nt and death. OBB MOPBBN OBUSADB. ,US 48 On the decline of the Saracen jpo^ef In lie eleventh century, the Turks inva4e4 and. took possession W Palestine, which with the exception of the time of the crusades, they have held ever since. They conquered Svrla, .Asia Minor, and Egypt ; they extended their ' conquests south, to the Tigris and Euphrates, • including the sites of Babylon, Nineveh, find Mesopotamia. In the middle of the fdnr- * teenth century, they entered Europe, tcbk Constantinople in the year 1453, and there- -. with terminated the E«i3tern or Greek :■ jempire. Large eonquests were made byv them in Europe ; Greece and JIulgaria, also \. the whole nSrth shore of the Black Sea, to the Sea of Azof, including the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, fell into their . hands ; and for fifty years the Turks wer^ the terror of all Europe^ both by sea and by" land. In the year 1529, they appeared .before Vienna, where they met their %8t defeat/ and here their conquests ended. l^tpm that-tim& they-hava made na-con- quests, nor does conquest now enter into r^y> 'W* '9V' XQl MODERN 0KU5ADB. their policy. The Turks have indeed ob- tained a national existence by the sword ; nor does there remain upon earth any that can /bi5ft% lay claim to their vast pOsses- Bions ;but they have now laid the Bword by, and use it only defensively : they are ''aland that is brought back from the sword" Second Characteristic. "Gathered out of many people." Verso 8, ^. *^ Gog " was to coine into " a land gathered out of many people." ' - Gathered out of many people is a phrase that has led many persons at once to con- clude that the Jews are meant, who when they are restored will be "gathered out of, mcmy nations." ' To this interpretation there is a^^^g^^ # objection, as the sentence would thereby be both ungrammatical, and inexplicable ; for *^gaMerid" does not belong to " J&rac/," but to thenoun**fe»d/' ' ■ TheBfebrew w^ a^wi% participle, and' does not agree with "Israd," irhich is m^a di n e , and in anoth^ it ««n*8wcc; but it agrees both in number and • 7 TBI MODiaai CRUSADB, II ».: gender, with the preceding noim T'w " «|p *yiand" whicli is a noun singular and in tho< ** feminine " gender. It is not therefore "Israel," that is "gathered^' but'"a land gathered out of many people." Land is here a " metonyihy" and is put for a'nation ; and the phrase mea&s : a nation that was not one people, in its origin ; but was gathered, collected, and compounded of many people. Of the Jew:s this was not true ; for they were eminently one people ; while the Turk- ish empire is composed of Europeans, Asi- atics, and Africans,; of Turkomans, Greeks, Persians/ Egyptiieins, Arabs, and many other tribes ; they are a motley compound ; they are "gathered out of many people." '^i .Third Characteristic, " Against the moun- tains of Israel which have been always ■waste." '■■:■':, '::/■'■' \ ' ■^^--■■-■■"■':-;\:-' '-'^-^ '■:■,''.■ ., The proper meaning of the Hebrew par- ticle ^3> "f^»" is shewn in the Lexicons to be *^d^«," *'Vw/^"/w«^^ ^*near." It is from the verb hb? " d%e;" which means "to ascend,- ' • "mount up," " t o go or com e up "in almost any maimer. The word is sometimes ren- » a % It' q8^|Hg^*|gy^-^'w^s^ "y 46 THB MODERN ^DRUSADB. dered against, as Numbers 14 : 2 ) And all the children of Israel murmured " a//' against Moses, **w€-al" and against Aaron." Here the sense is upon: The children of Israel cast the blame of their continuing in the wilderness, upon Moses, and upon Aaron. The word "al," inverse 8th, if translated **upon" would remove all ambiguity, and make the text plain ; for certainlj, the text does not say "Gog " is coming against the mountains of Israel; but against "a land" or people who are ^*upon" "the moun- tains of Israel." " The mountains of Israel" v are their locality ; and although the "moun^ f tains of Israel " are not prOperly theirs, fori they were not of the race of Israel, yet those mountains are now their residence';; and the argument is not at ^all arfected whether the "mountains of Israel" be applied to the land of Judea, or in a more extended sense, to the mountains of Chris- tic^n lands ; fop the Tuirks possess the moun- tains of ancient Israel ; they likewise possess ristianity was first v- \ ■ '■■A: embraced, and a portion of which continued II a IHB MOPIU^ ORUSADB, 47 .'(W- entirely Christian until the sixteenth cen- tury ; and moreover, one part of the empire, namely, Turkey in Europe, is, as to the ; great majority. of the inhabitants, Christian to this day* ; . " Which have been alw^f s waste." ^ifi •7;>3t5 "Le-charbah" '' Tamid" is literaiiy, continually wasted by the sword." How remarkably descriptive is this of the countries that constitute the Turkish empire. ^ The first l)attle upon record took place on the - plain of Sodom, the site of which is now the *■ i)^ad Sea," and within the Turkish domin- ion^; Here also were fought 4;he battles of Babylon, Persia, Greece and Rome ; likewise those of th^ European barbarians, the Tar- tars; Turks i and Christians. . r' V Turkey has been the theatre of sanguinary conflicts in^l ages. Foutth Characteristic. "But it is brought fbrth out of the nations." This sentence is allied in meaning with the former "gathered out of many people." Here they kre said to be " brought forth JUor m (I y.A' 48 THB UOOERN OBUSAOB. •:V .:, a nation, but a tribe of " wanderers," who by craft an^ cruelty obtained power, sub- dued provinces and kingdoms ; and each country as it felt the sword of these con- querors, gave to them their influence until they acquired a national existence, and formed themselves into an extensive empire. \ Fifth Characteristic, "And they shall dwell safely all of them;" This is a most remarkable sentence, and certainly means, that the providence of Almighty God will lecure the empire. I am not aware that anything like this is said of any other nation under heaven. V It is necessary for the peace of the world that this anomalous nation should be pre- served ; and what is it that now sounds the clarions of war throughout the European continent? Is it not the ''independence of the Turkish empire?'* It is now an admitted point, that if any other people possessed Turkey than its present occupiers, the liber- ties of the world would be endangered. Little did the ca binetR of St. James and of Paris think, when they took their present 1- •> KHB MODERN 0RU8ADB. 4» stand, tMt they were not only Becuring to the world groat political and commercial interests, but were also fulfilling a great purpose of Jehovah, who has long since determined this point, and who has expressed his will in this matter in language very similar to their own : God has said " they ihall dwell sqfkly, all of ^hetn ; " England and France have said: 'M%e integrity md mde' pendence of Turkey must he Triaintaimed,** Sixth Characteristic, The geographical sit- nation of the invaded country is mentioned, verse 12 : " That dwell in the midst of the land." The sea that washes the shores of Turkey for a great extent, is called the Mediterranean Sea, that is, the Mid-land Sea: here the people are said to " dwell in thefmdst oftheldnd." The country that " Gog '' or Russia shall invade, is thus said to bei a land of^nation that is brought back from the sword | that has ceased to conquer ; ^ land or nation composed of " mdny people ;" a land or nation that has been^ X brought forth out of the nations ;" a land cr nation that " dwell .1 ;%Si '0 r~,'-f,': 60 THE MODSRN 0BU8ADB. Upon the mountains of Israel';'' and a land or people for whose security the word qfJeho* eoA is pledged : " They shall dwell safely all of them." These characteristics ate so remarkable, that while some of them may agree with the Jews or with some other nations, yet taken as a whole and in their connection, they can be applied to no other nation npon earth except Turkey. i 1 ^ Turkey, tiierefore, is the invade^icountry. • ^ • liUC of »• ■"■ J% * nei « •';■.. ! < *' <*. ■•■; C; . to • -'j»-''- tha J.1- k / • • '* / • * ' tha jjtiv. ^ *«!-/-'« (6*J*NtA CHAPTER III. SEASON OF THE INVASION. The Covert Design of Gog-^Protectotateof fhe Greek ChraOk —Treaty of Kainardgi— Emperer ; Alexander r- Speech of Che Eari of Shaflabmy— Persecuting Character of Bnssia —Tnritey— Emperor Nicholas. I , * y ■ VEBsia 10. "Thus saith thS Lord Godi It shall also come to passim kfr the same time shall things come into thylmind, and Uioft Shalt think an evil thought. \ ■ 11. And thou Shalt say,^Iywill go uji to the} land of unwalled villages^ I will go to them that are at rest, that d\^eU safely, all of them dwelling without^ walla and having neither bars nor gates. \ 12. To take a spoil and to talf c a prey j to turn thine hand upon the desota,te places that are runo inhabited, and upon t^e people itatt axe^athered out of the nations which 62 THB MODBRN ORUSAOB. have gotten cattle and goods, that dwell la the midst of the land.'' In these verses it is clearly shown thait '. " €k)g " OP Russia had both a professed reason and a covert design by invading the people "that dwell in the midst of the ■1and*'V.-;'-.v/^-;.--^^^^^^^^ The eovert or real design^ of " Gog " is here particularly described ;]£at we first call the attention of the reader to his professed design. Did " Gog "or Russia profess any design by invading l^irkey? If so, what ■ wasit:?,- '■■;:■■;■ ■,■■,■- . Every one knows his j>rQ^5e(2 motive was the protectorate of the Greeks in the Turk- ish empire ; while it /s also known, that his real purpose w&s the possession of Constan- ^tinople*':'. ■ . ■'. v*-.;/-;' ■^■■;,' ■:.;.•; \,'j -:--'■.. '^^ The professed reason of the invasion is not given, but it is evidently implied in these word? : "It shall come to pass thai at the same time shall things dome into thy mind, and thou shalt think an evil .thought," ;V;:;-^-.;-V ■■ ■;;.'s/.y^^ "'■•:J For think an e vil thought| the marg i n ^ / «i *%■ TEE HODBRN CBUSADS. 58 reads, " conceive a mischvmms purpose" The Hebrew, ^?1, w>?!Ttt ij??^^^ '* we-chashavta ma-chash£veth raah^' ig literally, "vJndMou s^t(dt think eirU thinkingsJ' ^ The word " rooA^gigiieea to " 5reafc oil estabHshed order q^^Hk^," Honor and truth are the estaOTH^ order of things among civilized nations, and it is only by a strict adherence to these principles, that either the political, commercial or diplo- matic relations of dififerent nations with each other can be sustained* ». ■VGog "is here spoken of as " conceiving a mischievous purpose," or /'thinking evil thinkings," and as thereby breaking this established order of tMngs, by an act of duplicity in professing to other nations one thing, while he really purposes another an4 a different object. This double dealittg of *^ Gog " is re^e^ sented in verse 13th, as being discovfred, not indeed by l^e nation he pp5|igte4 ^^^^^^ invade, but by other nations ipij^l/%^^^ attentively observing his conduc t. tentively observing his conduc t. '''!^|53&3| ** Sheba and Dedan, and the pie^^l^ i I •1^ ( 64 XHB MODBRN OBUSADB. Titrsliiph, with all the youi^ lions thereof mi ihatl say mito thee^ ' Art thou . > -W-' THB 1CO0BRN CRUSADB, 66 V, ■ » cattle and goods, to ijtie a great spoil ?" How exactly dpes thei-pblicy and present •attitude^ of Russia corre^ond witii this I Russia WofiBsses; to be actuated by motiyes • of ■ pur^ GhristiMi befievoleiice, and would iEun, make the world believe that her sote ®!^^* 4s ^0 secure certain rights arid immu-. ■ riities,fbr the (^Rpm^Christiaii subjects ^of the vOttoman Porte : i^ I cere, would not haVei b^en ^posed, ^ut i would mofet assuredly have gained fbtr iJerL ■die gratitude of the whc^^Gly-islian worli^ But Russia is known tp be Apsincere;;^arid^ that her real design is to /seize Gqnstariti- nople and add Turkey to her already over* grown and ^ipjitic donnnio^s^ / >^ ■ ^ As what is called ^e protectorate 61 tiie GreetCh^ch " i^e qsterifeible motive of the Eniperor Nichplas , ter his pr^ent aggression^ it will be necessary to consider the relation he sustains to that churcK, in' order to ascertain if he be right in present- ing his claims ^ or the Western powers of , Jhirope right in the^ resistance th ey have offered to his claims s6 presented. ' /m: '. « -f f ■♦■■:" ■ / \f 56 THE UOBEBN OKUSABH. The Greek Church and the Roman Oatho- '^ lie Church were originally one. . - in the fourth century/ when Constantino ^assumed the imperial purple, he fixed his royal residence at Byzantium instead pf Borne, which city he enlarged, and called Constantinople, which means, the City of Constantino. * " Rome had hitherto b^en the imperial city, and for ages had given laws to the world, but it now had a rival ; in consequence of which it began to decline, while Constanti- nople became the capital of the Greek ^ ./empire. -'v..:' ,^ The Bishop of Rome had hitherto claimed a superiority over all other churches ; but in this claim the Bishop of Constantinople was Ms constant and invincible opponent. This rivalry between the Bishop of Rome . and the Bishop of Constantinople, continued for several centuries ; but towards the clddq wof the ninth century, it terminated, by a formal division into the Eastern, or Greek Church; and the Latin, §r the Western^ Church.; ^ ■h^> :'f-'.^1 (S* ■A: J / .V . XHB MPDERN CKUSADB, &i The Latin or Western Churchi is governed by the Pope ; but the Gr0ek Church is .governed by Patriarchs : of whok, there are four in Turkey and Egjrpt ; namely, at Con- Btantinoplej JeruBalem, Antioch, and ^exan- dria ; ahd there are also four Pdtriarchates i4 Russia: Petersbui^, Kiev, Kazan wad : Tobolsk.:; ;;;■•: ^.;-.::: •-::•;. -■■^;:-\ ■■:-^.>";: ■' ■•; ;. ^: ■'■;: The Russian CWch'was not the m/otJur cAwrcA, but the daughter church,^ as sl^e received her form of Qhristianity from Cen: Btantinople ; and she cian prefer no reasoh* / Hble claitti' whatever ta govern the church froi]ii:which she hersiiWias descended. There» has, however, in general/ existed a good feeling between ' the ^^ssian Church and the Greek Church of the South -of whom, it is said, there are, twelve millions of meihbers within the Turkish empire. <; The Crreek Church has fufit'ered ' much from the tyranny of ihe Turks in past times* The Patriarch of Constantinople, although ' ^ I duly elected by tlw authorities of his church^ yet could not e nter iq) o n th e duties of hi r^ office until he had obtained the approval of J StV-'-siisit'; ! ^'/ I' f ' 58 IHB MOOBRN ORUBADB. the Saltan, whioh required large presentftto effect; and when effected, there was no flecurity, for the Sultan exercised the right of deposition at pleasure. The Greeks were, for a long time, hot allowed to build any new churches, and had to pay dearly for/ permission to repair their 'old ones ; they/ were not allowed to have bells or steq)le8j to their churches, and often had to perforin religious services in the night; they wei|e nor allowed to wear ttie Turkish dress ;lt^ to pay taxes firom which the TufcMs' were exempt ; and many other in^gniites and cruelties they had ^ to endi^'e J ^^ of the most extraordinary and bai:ba:rom€0|^ ;^^ wasj their males, afte/fifteen y^ to pay a heavy poll tii^ii^er the n^e of exen^Hm from jCtttipns have produced a feel- ing oTlI^^comijiiiseration throughout the Christian world On behalf of the suffering / Greeks in Turkey/; in which feeling the Bus* Bians had largeljr payticlpa ted; and the y r h^e, ly Ipeatieai/with the Turkish govern- . / ^*--^l' n Yi'.- hid no lot i nd - Eiir to nd in ar . es id id^ ry. », , 7 / m I il- 16 fS' 5- •/ .■«*■■ ifi MODIRN ORUSADB. 59 //■ ,|V ment,' secured many privileges ^Q the Greek Bubjects of the einpire ; for which they do- ' serve all honor. ^ A misconstruction, however, of these trea- ties has given rise to the present war between Russia and Turkey. ' t v The present claim of the Emperor of Bui- sia to the *' protect^ate "• of the Greek tlhurch in Turkey, rests on af treaty " of per- ^ petuat peace and frimiiship** between Russia and Turkey, signed at " Kutschouo—Kai- / NABDOi," upon the *igfit'bank of the Danube, and is dated July 21; ItJi/^ " From this treaty we shall makd the fi)t ^ lowing •extmctS:::; -..v. ..•■":■' [■^■■':■■'~''\'^ :.:/..■■:■:[ Article Yn. " The Sublime Porte ^om. ises to protect constantly the Christian religion sapd its churches ; and it idlows the |nin|ster| of the Imperial Co^ti pf Russia to %aie upoiiii^ occasions represen- tatiohs, as well in favbir of the new church at Constantinople." ' - Article^ VIH, Provide^ that, "Russian ' -^ entj o cts sha l l have full libe rty te visit Jem- ealem, and no contributipu or tax shall be ,- J AS7 ■ '■1^^ 60 THl ICODBBN 0BU8AD9. exacffid from these pilgrims and travellers | but thej shall be provided with such pass- ports and firmans as are given to other friendly powers." - Article XIV. "Permission is given to the High Court of Russia, in addition to the chapel built in the minister's residence, to erect in one of the quarters of Galata, in the street called Bey Oglu, a public church of the Greek ritual, which shall always be itoder the protection of the ministers of that empire, and secure from all coercioii and outrage." . Article -XVL " T^ Porte likewl*/|jir-»- mits that, according as the circumstances of liese two principalities (Wallachia and Moldavia) may require, the ministers of the Imperial Court of Russia, resident at Con? Btantinople, may remonstrate in their favor, and he promises to listen to them with all the attention which is due to friendly and respected powers*" Article XVII. "Russia restores the i s l a nds of «^ ;"■* . ■ . ... ... THB MODBllN CRUSAOB* ■\? 61 •■a* ^bserye religiously, with respect to the inhabitant!^ Of these islands, the amnesty stipulated in Article I :* That the Chris- tian religion should not be exposed to the least oppression any more than its churches, and that^no obstacle should be opposed to -the erection or repair of them, and also, that the officiating ministers should neither be oppressed uQr insulted.* " The reader will have observed) that in Article XVI. the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia are particularly referred to; the^reason is, they are peculiarly governed. The area of the two principalities is about equal to the kingdom of Portugal. The inhabitants are th^ subjects q/ the Sul^ , tan; and they are under the protection of I J?wssio ; still they have( .governors called I "Hospodars," which are chosen from among themselves. Those countries are a half neutral ground. It must also be stated, that jRt^MWK is the lawfu l protec tor of the principalities^ hjA subsequent treaty, signed at « Balta-Limto " in the year 1840. ^ w- s ^m 62 THI MODHUT ORUSADi*. In the above treaties, Ist/aro flectiri^d certain privileges to the members of the Greek Church in the Turkish empire; 2d, the protectorate of the principalities is given to Russia, but nothing further. » Russia, ever grasping for more territory^ because the treaty of ^^Balta-Liman" ao- knowledgos her as the protector of the principalities which border on her own country, she most^illogically concludes she ^therefore must bo the guardian of all, and claims the protectorate of all the Greeks in the Turkig^ empire ; a demand to which Turkey could not succumb, without becoming the vassal of the Czar. At the commencement of the present quarrel, the Bultan, by a "firman," granted to all the Christian subjects of his empire full religious liberty, enlarging their pre- yions rights and immunities, and guarantee- ing to them all unrestricted freedom of worship; and to the Greeks, the election of th eir own patriarch, without requiring that the person elected should have the approyal \ of their /Mohammedan riders. 'A ■:f' ■W- THB MODBBN 0RU8AO1. .*> W .*(-■■ The reply of tbo Sultan to tho d< Russia will sot thi^ clearly before tl Jt reads thus t' . "As far as rofi^ards the reli^o^s p^jyllegoi ppranted to ,aU the Christian subjects of the Porte, and especially to the Greeks, by thcf predecessors of the 8ultan, on the maintop nance of which Russia appears t6 have some doubts, not only has the l^ultan, Abdul Medjid, never thought of withdrawing or restricting them, but their maintenance and development at present, and fbr the future, have been and always will be tie object of his constant solicitude. "At the same time he cannot conclude any treaty with any foreign power on a^ question which exclusively belongs t.o the internal administration of tlie empire. To do so would be to sacrifice his rights of sovereignty and independence^* The religious rights and privileges of all Christians in Turkey were thus secured and • solemnly pledged; and therefore invasioaon that ground was absurd %nd unjust. ■ --■•■ ■ ■ * Beply to the oltimstam of Prince Mj^nachiskoff. # lir iW^)J 6* XHB CRUSADB* But the Ozar, in hia "manifl^to "of Feb« ruaty 9th, according to tte Itussian calendar, (old style) but February 2ist,accbrding to our calendar, declares his purpose of a crusade against the Mohammedans, in which he dares to accuse both England and France with opposing CAm|«am7y, because they will not unite, with him in his base designs upon Turkey.;^--: ;■■::-;■.■:■./,:■•';.■,;. ■■ •;' .. ■' -His words are:';.- ■■'-■-,;■ •■"^ ■^: 'i-'-:. ..■■:.-- >' ,^' ^^ / ' / ^ TBi!B MdjpERN CRXJdADS. 67 .btke^ languages inr use: among the inhabi- tants of the Bussian empire, I permit to Ije continued at the fixed prices?' ^ • The Earl of Shiftsbury, i^ his speech in tjie JCou^e of Lords ,pn the ninth of last month, (March) observed: «t*he Emperor Nicholas had undone all the wise policy of the Emperor Alexander had effected for the ' promotioh of Christianity." *< , ' The same noble jird informs usr"iVa . association is alltywred in Russia for religious ■ purposes ; np printing' presses fOiT printing . the Bible in modern Huss ; and no vCr^ons of thq Scriptures are ailgwed" to be imported into Russia, except those thai are iiiEnglis^i, French, Italian and German.; ' ^ ^ "Not Q,. single ^ copy of the Bible, m mcrdern Russ, tie only' language, which the people understand, is atlowed to be in circu-l laition. I This la. forbidden under the seveir est ' 'penalties t and it is, believed that not a cQpy of the Scriptures' has been prin^d.in Jlus- Bia in' the language o!f the. people since 1825. There are two millions of Jews in Russia, — » -'f und the present €mperor wDl nOlj afiow a f > • < " V w. 68 XHB MODERN CIBUSAD9. single copy pf the Hebrew Bible to pass hiff firotttiers even for these unfortunate exiles. The clergy of Russia are as' tyrannical ad their master. The Moraviatis> for many years, had a mission among tlie Calmuo Tartars, between th^lack and the Caspian Seas, which they were obliged to abandon; being forbidden to baptize their converts, on the ground of an old Russian law, which enacted : " That no^heathen under Russian away, shall be Miverted to Christianity and baptized, but by the Russian clergy," In 180;2, the Scottish Missionary Society began a ipssion in Russian Tartary; but were also compelled to abandon it, after twenty years' labor and expense. The Basle Missionary Society, after ten years* labor, resolved to feave the mission by orders from the Russian government. . The London Missionary Society estab- lished a mission in Siberia, which was iimc- tioned by the Emperor Alexander y and was joined by several Russian missionaries| but in ihe year 1841, after twenty years^ this flourishing mission had likewise to be dis- r ■# *>l' THE MODERN ORUSiblB.- 69 J^^ » continued,*by an order from the Russian Synod ; the reason at^igned wa5*t *i "^ho mission ii^ relaticp to that form of Chris- tianity established ^ the |tussian empire, did not coincide iy^ views of the . church .and the, government.?' ' An enemyfoui^and fatal to the circtflar tion of the Holy Scripture^ ; a destroyer of Christian missions ; an oj^poser of evati- gelical Christianity,:and Who prevents^ by all means in his power, the exten^on of knowledge among the masses of his own people, as well as their elevation in Iboth civil freedom and religious liberty, are the features mo^t disti^uijshef in th^mperor Nicholas, >ever sin^e the diadem of the Eiissia^. empire encirQleiJ^is brow j^ ^^ Bceptre of power was pjaxs^in Ws unwolSfy handsi-,' ■■".'■.",: -'^:--- ..:/■: ."^■^ ;•■,.'.;■' ',■'.'':/■', Such is the man andi such is the iiionarch w&o has drwn liie sword in defence : of *^ the orikodda: faith;- and "who will now ieluge Europe in blood, iny order, as he —b asely says, to prot ob t |;he rights of Chria- tians under Mussulman rule. 4 . . :| 10 ButTir , r K^ every fr^ V, 1 t fr, nbf ^% and ^pimity in A ^r;:1i?^e3^pfeci4t 4 ■ -but ■ , 10 )■ ^|^||p%;o^^ 'has' ■ had: ' : , Ji^iB|^^|n the j^^ , changed «ii!i!B>^a^ by thjie pi^Y|dj?ri6e of v ^!^^ ^Ittig^ Will mo^^i as3tii^dly Isoon V^ pro< pye , _ . ^^ __ ^ |%onghout the domin- -.^ ions^ Cl^lfertifty is'^^^^ tolerited and f protectel^md th€(re are now more than fiftv^ * j^e9 j^ Protestjuits- hold pubijic wqr^ ' I 8h^p>^|i^der: protectiipn of the government ; V tl^ |lil)le ii^ freely eircd|^; Christians \^ have equal privileges wiflPftohammedaps; i i^id nnmerous ^^ities are nbyr afl&)pded in -^ Tml c ey for spreSding truth, i^ sively diffusing ' knowledge through that .1 ifai>ERM CKUSADS. ii closed tb Christian enterprise ^lEa^iPary zeal, by adherence to the ^ itrines of the false prophet. ' ; The declaration of the Ozar that his motive for his present aggressive acts is the IKPOtection of religion, is a gross attiempt at | imposition o^ a credulous world. : The impieijr of the Emperor of Itussia ia referred to in chap. 39 : v. 7: "And I wijl; not let them pollute my holy name any\ ._,,^..^ -more." ■■..^^^-'w-'V :,/- ^,.--^?^:^ - " Qog," or Russia, has lon| had a form of p Christianity; J?ut it was cQ^^gt ; and whem ]|;v the providence of (Jod sent the Holy Scrip*^ |i jm tures to be circulated through(|ut ■ the land, 1^1^ C^istianity to be preached to f|i the people, the governinent s'TOJ^sSpd *^®' 6pert|ion of Pible ll^^ ^ministers of i^ligioirafrom ^(# c^fflftry ; jBxtinguishei ever;^ spark * of evj^gelical ^ II '¥- fA light^'^placeditsfelf in direct oppoM ^^ , ihe spread ol'^nowledge, and the teaching ' ^ ^ J ^ of trikh; and lie " chief pr^ Mes hech and Tubal i^^ons for mr^ itud assembl e d hff^ to cafj >^^ ^^ :\:-*?: .>•' %^ 72 THB MOBBftN ORUSADB. upon the "Holy One of Israel *V to defend him in his deeds of darkness and of crime. - But his fall is at hand j for Jehovah says: "I will no t 7^r them , pollute my name any -more/* .". The land which "Gog" invades is said, verse 12th, "to have gotten cattle and goods." The word nio» " oseh " signifies t6 acquire by lawful means. '^ Thou shalt think an evil thought;" and "shall turn thine hand upon the desolate places that are now inhabited " -^ upon " a people which have gotten cattle and goods." ^* To take a spoil and to take a prey." ^ ^^ ^ ," To take a spoil " means, the spoils of •^ war J but to take a prey is diflferentj It means " to deprive of honor /" and. to deprive a nation of its honor, is to conquer and take possession of it. Of ancient Israel God said, 2 Kings, 21 : 14 : " And they shall become a prey and a sppil to aU ■ their enemies.". ..■■:■:• '^'■■\'^'-x^''-^'.---i':'^ Now we know that the enemies of Israel, particularly the Babylonian s, not only rob- bed the temple, but they also took posses- ,--^ TBB MODERN 0RU8ADB. ts III eion of the land, and maaje captiTes of the people^: :v-4^^^ v;.:^^-•^:^;•^v■^^■: '■] So here: G6g said in his mind, "I will take a spoil; and I will take a prey." I ^iU conquer the land, and take /possession .thereof: -..v;- ||:'-{;'-^^:-*^-^,/'^ " Sheba and Dedan, andthe merchants of Tarshish '* saw his base intentions ; and they said unt« him, "Art thou come to take a"^ ipoil? hast thou gathered thy company tOi V take a Jirey ? to carry away silver and gold, to take away cattle arid goods, to take a ' •great .spoil ? » v; • -/ •- ^ :•. _ ;■ ; -::^::y, V-,M ,: i The dark designs * of Russia' a,re brought out by'the " sec|*et correspoAi^ence " recently published. FrOin these cOn&^unications we ^ learn, that Nicholas contemplated seizing l^urkey, and tempted England to join in this nefarious aet, by oflTering to her as a reward ■ f^ Egypt and Candia." |J|tiling in this, he ttirned to France ; anSBRrited her to join him, by offeifcg to her the Rhenish provinces ^ of Prussia ; and while these propositions were being made, the a l i bassad or of Russi a^ at the Goxirt of Gonstafitinople w^ seekii(g >*■ f/- #% ;v^- "tu^jiDf u 'M TBB MOPBUN OBUBADB. - to obtain for hiliiSpaster, by diplomacy, the protectorate of^ee-fourths of the Euro- pean subjects Wthe Porte, and all these matters were.ti) be kept secret from tht ■. world! , -, '^*':^;;'- , ^''^■■- » '.^:-''':----^' ■;' :.■•.■■'■• It is doubtful iriji crown ever b^re encircled a head that%50ntained such a mass of systematic sllllainy. %.v ■ # w With the certain khowMge of these facts, we need not be surprised that "fiuch^a mon- ster among sovereigns should be^al|ulject of prophetic revelation, m^ ■^' ''^ Jp. ^ . The best comment that w can presentto the read^ on verse 10 : '^^ Itjjjuill a-U come to pass, fAaraf the same. tiC^shaU thfilgs come into thy mind, and tliou shalt thinl^^- evil thought, 'iii^re the words of thoAftL op CLARBa^DON, in,Jiis^peech 15 the EHfeelof Lords ona^nth' Of last month jpiarcl). His Lorij^Bp said: ^" Under any circum- stances wait was a grievous calamity; but a Tjeligious war necessarily eVoked a spirit which imparted energy to the worst pas- sions o^hTimah nature. 'It was wholly ijuHifiable on the part of Russia to mask '^ ' !S. *. f * f )- le is A #■ 'i^ tf THB MODBRN OUtJBADB. 76 '«. \ h I I).. K>u to le &f . ■ ^ " I). ' m- a rit IS- lier aggression by religion, and invoke the blessing of heaven upon unrighteous d^eds. P' <^The educated classes in ]^us8ia*new ihat their reftgion was not exposed t9 'danger. It was, indeed, a remarkable fact that th6 Emperor of Russia had never ^serted thd(|the jiro/eM^rs of the Greek retigion in ^gkey \M been dcprivfirf of any ri^t guaraMeed to them ,« If the Emp^t" tlit s decUiration had been the principalilA were neces^gary to Bussia, because the* Daiiube would make a better boundary than the Pruth, or that the - * ime had come for 'taking possession of *- Constantinople, or for rendering the Sultaa '^ i mere vassal dependent on the Czar — to ^."'^Buch there might have been a response in f Russia; but to the etf that religion was ia danger ther^ was non*^" , ^ « *, y. t .J, Oly sk ■fe* '^^F t i^ i ,•■•., '<# " • . ■ CHAPTER IV. i'' THE oppbsmo PAimES. A 4Porenthe4 — Penia — EtWopU — Ubya- Oomw - to gwmah— Sheba— Dedan— MerchanU of Tanhish. / . ■■-■■■., Chap. 38, verse 6. "Persia, Ethiopia, and Lybia, with themj^alt of ^; / ^^ Verse 7. "Be thou prepared, and pre-^ pare thyself, thou and all thy company that are assembled unto thee, and be thou a guard unto them. - *i^ Verse 8. "After many days thou shalt be ▼isjted »» [n a former chapter, we have enclosed the abl)ve in a piifenthesis, and this paragraph • TBI MODibi OtltilADS* n la, th be rs ih re> lat a be he ph must be read parcnthetioally in order to be understood/ Bor ^< Gog " and Wb army alone are the invaders, and they alonB shall be punished. Verse 3, " I am against thee, Gog; " verse 4, " I will turn thee back, and put hooks into thy jaws;" verse : 21, "I will call for a sword against him;" verse 22, "And I will plead against him." Chap 39 : 11, " I w}ll give unto Gog a place ^of grove3 in Israel." But if « Gog " and 'his army are to be punished by the " sword," then there certainly mus^ be some persons, or nations, that shall use the "sword" against him, and by whom the threatened punishment shall be inflicted; and the pro- phecy would be exceedingly defective if it did not inform us who those ministers of ^ Divine Justice' shall be. Thercj^^^ever^ ''no such chasm, for the natioria \f;^}iom « Gog " shall be punished are all named, and that with astonishing precision. ^ ^ ^ In chapter 38, the reader, to' get a clear understanding of thj passage, must unite verse the 4th, with the second sentence of verse the 8th, thus; verse 4, "And I will »,♦ '•. 7* fXm MODKAN CBUSAI^S. V ■■^■' turn thee back, and put hooks into thy jaws, and i will bring thee forth, and all thine 4rmy, horses and horBemen, alj of fl^em clothed with all sorts of afmimr / even a great company wiih bucklers and sBields, all of them handling sworda. (v. 8.) la th« latter years thou shalt come into the laaid that is brought back from the sWord, and i$ - gatheripd but of • many people, against the " mopntains of Israel,/which have been, always ■" ■^iiste J but it is brought forth out of the '„ nations, arid lihey shall dwell safely all of them*" ■■■':;^^:---;v'' ■- ■;■■ ■ ^^i^: •■' . By uniting the latter part of verse the 8th with verse the 4th, the connection of the parts^ of the prophecy will be obvious; for Terse 4th informs us of the gre^t military 'array of "Gog ;^' verse the 8th, the countrt he shall invade | verse ;9, the manner df h6» - invasion, 4lThou shalt ascend and come Jike astprin;" and tfpm verse 10 td verse 13, !^e objects of his invasion. By this iiethpd the. paragraph placed at the cbmmeiicemen.t •of this chapter Mil tiecome a parenthesis, and' can be separately considered. M] \ A*'' N m I ha\ tiei • '.'•.; pui tri* ' ■ . >v let ♦ !».■■ :'• 5 jpoi +to .•* .' ■ as , . ~ ■ .'. -■ Pi ■ ..V' '■■ J'- Es SP te ^at ' :.::^ dj ■r ■ ■' : B is . BJ \ - ¥'' . ■''■: ' ■»-■ " 4 .1 -]"' 4 ■" *'. 1/1 . X < ' i.A TO f 4i *V r. M Abstracting the paSlraph «s ab6y^,'we havfe brought bcfote us, the oppOsirfe r^P- ties, and the parties by whoai GogBliall ^\ punisHcd, described aceordi^ tb the cow^- ; tries which IhcV respectively inhabit f only, , ., | let it be partiqula.|jly " notics^d; that flios©; ;// '^' - pountties must not bei.ei^nsideE^d . acw)r4kg • fto their jftresent geographical boundries, but as they were kno;«fn i^Jth'^ ^^^^ of . the Prophet Ezekiel. " . . ' 1/ Persia. In the tim^. of t¥ Fit>ph^t Ezekiel; " Persia " - ^a« * in/its gr^0.tes4 splendor. The empire Q(i 'Pet^^ then ei-„. . ^ "tended from the ?ersian G^f to .Scythia, ' and from India to the « BfiUespont" or B^- , * danelles. Of the eitent, ^f th«. I^ersiajj ;. Empire, we may form some id^ fron^ Whal; is saidoof it in the time of Ahasneriis, whxi. . sat upon the thrpne of Persia^ about six^y ,: : yQjars after this prophecy was written ^ for " we read, Esther chap. I, verse 1, " AhftaAprns. teigned from . India unto Ethiopia, over an . hundred and seVen and twenty provinces." '■' The w&^leofwhat is now called y»rA:cy UAsia was then included in Persm. Per? t'c / ^ .V '* o ^ \ 4^1 t* m MODlBir^OKUSADS. (^- Bia is the first country oommanded to oppose the^arch of ^ Gog." ' '" 2. Ethiopia, or Gush. Ethiopia is a name given in the Scriptures to diifferent countries peopled by the descendants of Gush, who was the grandson of Noah. Gen. 10, 6. The Gushites first settled on the Persian Gulf, where there is still a province called "Chuzestan." Vt&m "Chuzestan" they spread them- selves to India on the east, and to Egypt and Gentral 4irica on the west* In later times, *' Ethiopia " was the name usually^ given to the country now ealled Abyssinia, but in the days of Ezekiel it was used in a more extended sense. Herodotus mentions the Ethiopians, and means by that term the people of Upper Egypt. , ^ : /V^ ' Songwriters say, the Cusjiitet, or Ethi- opians, were the "Shepherd Rings" who in early tinlea invaded-' and conquered Egypt and that, after their expulsion from' Egypt, they settled in Phenicia, Colchis on the Black Sea, and in Greece; ■.» r^ ■^?*;:. W0-- i ■^: %s: ' . ■"-'■- «Libya" is derived froitt>'Letiabim,"^^\^ was the son of Mizraim, and therefore ^fS- nephew of '^ Phut." ^.;' /'/f' ^^ ^ The descendants of « Lehabim \ fe^ |^ caUed "Lubun," or "Lubims," iand theiir >. - country « Libya," which mean^ ^[tke heart of -^ the »ea" . ^„v4 Like « Meiihech " atod " Ti^al," « Phut/^ or « Put/' ftai « Lubim," are sometimes men- ^ tioned tofprther, as, Nahum, chap., S, ver«e 9, -* « Flit •^'t I^i» were thy helper^ -;,b ' I ^f ■•ll I Vs, •\^ ^'•d '■ 82 . >--| APB. V J; ^'liubiitt^ oi*«Libya," was however a more = exti&nsSVdTegioii than Phut, for it included the west of Egypt, and all the south shores of the Mediterranean Sea, to about the tenth \ degree of longitude, in which is sit- , sated the modem Tripoli. ,? Libya was called*' % Pliny, " Pentapoli' tana Regio" or the country of tho "Five Cities," because jOf the important cities of Berenice, Arsinoe, Ptokmais, ApoUonia, and Gyrene, all of which ^re within its boun- daries. It was called " Cyrenaica," 1)y Ptolemy, from " Gyrene," its capital. The Lubyms, or Libyans, were a powerful nation in the days of Rehojboam, who were sometimes in alliance with Egypt, and some- thnes^ with Ethiopia. See- 2 Ghron. chap. 12, verse 3 ; also chap. 16, verse 8. , , .For a time they Bhaintamed a successf^ . war against the Oarthagenians, buV were subdued in the endv Libya aft^erwards passed into the hands 6f the * JIteeks, Eomans, Saracens, and TnrksL. >^: ' }-■ Libya is indeed now lost to Turkey, aS' formihg a part of the .Empire^ y6t is tliat '^. '. '-i« ■■.' ; •';- -^■.; . . -.^jjtjp;.,,. f THB MODEK^ OJEltJSADli*' ancient country now arming against " Gog,^^ , or Russia ; and'from « Algeria," the "Phut . of Ezekiel, France is ai this moment em- barking her armies to engage in this terrible ' contest ■■■' '■■''■ r. ■■'■'_• . ■■.'■ "t?*i^'.^ '-■'■■•" It should bo observed that Persia, Jiithi- - opia, ajid Libya, are iiot introduced as principals k this war, but as auxUiaries j t\ not as being tbemselves invaded, but as com- ing >rt/;ar(i"wi1h shield and helmet,'; to AT. ^ defend an invaded country. . ; , ;: .^'1 #This is remarkable, for Gionstantinople, which is in Europe, is the spot upon which the Czar has fixed his eye; while the above countries, situated in Asia and > Africa, are, sending succors (^t said by Josephus, were called :' ^^Gtm^^ These .Gauls, ' 6t " Gomerites," afterwards passed • into Europe, and peopled Germany,* and France, unto which they gave the naijae ^■■■■,:vGaaa..;;,:.;'>^^^ - --.:-\:^- ':■ ^*/ *"' These "Gomerites." as they itravdled west, and north, gave names to - different > places, which have,* with« little variation,' ' come down to our own times. Thus, there 5 iras;>'Umbria," in Italy!^ " Cambria" was fte ancient name of Wales^; and " Cim- brica " was the name of i^utland ; all which . T' Vi :'■ ■ «A„ / •9 1:HI1 MODERN CBtSADB. 86 Vt- #• were derived from « Gohier," as wifs also the modern name « Gumbcrland." i?i :: « Gomer," then, is Western Europe, in- Eluding France and England, both of which ^ nations are at this moment preparing the most mighty armaments, to resist the ag- gressive acts of the great northern tyrant, who is seeking to subvert the liberties of the world, . ,, The word translated « Janrfs," is n^B3« « J^a^keyah;' m from m " Nugeph;] « to hit;'tsmite;' or <' strike;' as with the hand, a sw6rd, or any other instrument ; and while the &mn -drten means military " bandsy o^ Se eorps of an army, it also means, sirik- m^mrJigMng mm^ whe^eis: by Iftnd^^r sea.;;-:': /-w. ^. ■■■■■■"■..". ■"■ M fiom ills we learn that "Gomer," Eng- land a^d France, will develop^ all their power to nieet this fearful ^gVent. - A ^Gomer" mtans Westerii; Europe, different nations are certainly intended by that term; still, they are represented as act- ing unitedly: as being one in counsel, and one in action: " Gpmer and all Ms band^." ~w,. - \ i "* %ahco Mid Englol^d wore not jn imme- diate danger from the rec&t acts of the Czar; those acts effected Turkey only for the present, however they might affect other nations hereafter. A prudent foresight of future evil, as well as a noble magnanimity rarely seen among governments, induced those two great countries to throw them- - selves into the dispute, to take their present stand, and to raiao up what the word of' Jehovah a,ssures us phall prove an impassi- . ble barrier, to that torrent of ignorance, oppression, and barbarism, which the north- .ern autocrat ia propelling onward through the earth with such fearful veldcily. The union Of France and England is the more remarkable as they have been for many centuries rival nations, an^ often deadly foes; but now their fl^s entwine, theit armies are marshalled together, and their^iaval forces are bound to protect each otliera possessions in every pari, of the jrorld. ThjD Providence %i God 3*lone ^as effcjcted this: truly " Tliis is the Ikord's doing; it IS marveHottrln our tJyes." ,;'('»• "•~>l THB liOD^BRlf 0RU8 ADA. 87 2. « Togarmah of the north (luartcrs, and all his bands." ^ • ^ i « Togarmah " is the nation which is most Bevorcly to feci the wrath of '^ Gog;" and upon whom lie purposed first to wreak his vengeance. It is therefore particularly to _ "Togarmah" that the command is given, Verge 7, "Be thou prepared, and prepare ; thyself; thou, an^ all thy company that are ^ assembled unto thee, and be thou A guard ' • ■ • ■ ' f9i ■ unto them, ;.',::.-.-.^- - ..^^> ...^..iwl-.;<'>":i^;.;.>-,,' -^ ''"' . Verse 8, " After majiy days thou shalt be? visited."- ■''^■■■•' '■■. '"■:.':.■, , ] ■:• | ■■:■" . ' ^ ■:■: ';' ■• - ' ■ ,. V.:-..^;: ■•' •. « Togarmah" wa^ the third son 6f "Gotaer." Gen. 10: 3. Learned men ar^ not agreed'as to the country peopled by the ^ family of " Togarmah*" ' i '-. / Josephus was of opinion that they settled ^^' in PhrygiajEusebius and others thinMhey i|-; peopled Armenia; Bochart,. Cappadociaj^ while several moderns believe Turkomania to have been the place of their loc ation. The learned Calmet, says; ^" The O] •'Which places < Togarmqh ' in Scythia * Turkomtmia^ seems to staad upon 4| " ■,.-■„■ ,■/■•' - ■ > '• %est fipundation." / ■^■■r. \ *■,* .<'■ ..«iiL.i^ «* ■.j» ^ Thoro is certainly nothing tcry conflict ing in these opinions, for from the most west- em country, « Phrygia," to the most eastern, « Tuykomania," there is not much above twenty degrees of longitude ; and it is quite possible that in time, difTcrcnt branches of the fa^nily might l^"-^'®^^^*^ ^^ ^^^ these different countries, ^'^^^K ^^ **^*^ shores of Europe. The ttext^l^fily intimates as much, for it says, " TogoMah of the north quarters;\yf\M\ clearly implies that "the house of Togarmah " had countries or set- tlements elsewhere. . We agree with Calfiaet that "Togarmah" originally settled iix the coi^try nowlJallcd "Turkomania." / " - „ The "jCtirkomans worfe always it hardy and warlike race of people. One tribe of these Turkomans moved to the west, entered Asia Minor, and extended their conquests from the Caspian Sea to the Dardanelles, on both sides of the Black Sea. These are the Turks of th . ^Mf m <"r?.' f 1 mj n\ ■ .!^■^■*yj*<: % MKROCOPV RKOUinON TIST btART (ANSI ond ISO T«T CHART No. 2) \ , r |2B ^ iSm 122 IK u u It 116 14.0 1^ 1£ 1:25 i u 1 1.6 "^^^ 1653 East Main Street "^ ♦ (716) 288 -5089 -Fox 90 THE MODEBN CRUSADE. Bhall attempt % conquest, and the destruc- tion of thy national existence. Be there- fore "prepared" for this eyent: and "prepare for thyself)" or literally "cause preparation to thee, for the armies of « Go^ » shall inflict upon thee the most terrible calamities. . . * * • The destruction of the whole TuiOtish fle^ sa^e one ship, in the harbor of Sinope, will show the importance-of this injunction. 1 he preparation of « Togarmah " was to extend to all her tiepondencies. '^ Be' thou prepared, and prepare for thyselOhpu^ and aJl thy company that are aSiembled unto thee, and be thou a gua^d unto them." "^e thou a guard unto themr - The l^omun -themv certainly refors to the ^oun "amy," in verse 4: "And I willi teng thee forth, a^d all thine army.?' «Be^ thou B, guard xmio them: " -^Kmdbt^t^^^ ''we-h^iath lahem le-mishmai^^Truj^ thou Shalt be to ^A«m,"i,^ .^og, ^^ a guard: " thaD is, a "watch^^u ^r^ess, to resist his ambition. ^ With what surpris^^^ ^^ 1\^' , ^ — v»; •>» '.«/ THE IIODBRN CRUS4DE. 91 >» .\\-^' fulfilled I Turkey is "a guird "upon the projects' of Russia; and to Itrength«n thi^ "guard " ia the sole reason/of fUc present, movements in Western EuropeV for it xP^ now aii admittod point, amounting to an axiom, t]\SitihQ existe?tce ^d tlm indcpetid- ence of .Turkey ia es^itialtatfi^ peace of ^ the world. ■' ■- /■V'v..-:^'x j;--;^'" J"''/.: ; /■,■ The same countries that are mentioned in verses 5 and 6, are menti6ned) again in verse J3, by othcz' names. j << Sheba and Dedan, and the mei-ehants of Tarshish." f Sheba is the same country as Ciish or Ethi- opia, verse 5, and described page 80. Bedan was the grandson of Ham. See Gen. chap. .■JtO,:Verse -7. •■■;■_; 't\ ■''■:,: ■■.,■/■•'■■■■:;■.';■,• / - V T^ere is some diiflferencaof ^^^ as to the cxacl/T^lace of settlement by the; family ^of Dedan, but all agree that it wa,s either in Syria^or Mesopotami^r Wth of which were included within the empire of Persia; and \Persia, as bef[>re ;&&ewn, included the ■whofe of Turkey in Asia. - ^ Tarfihish was the name of different places^ #r»-'». 92 JTHB MODERN ORUSAi)B. as Tarsus in Cilicia, Tartassus in Spain, the modern Cadiz; and s^me place supposed to be in the East Indies, where the ships of Solomon traded; besides which, Tarshish sometimes means the sea; and the phrase "ships of Tarshish" niieans"s^2J9so/ the sea;' or large ships, able to bear a long voyage on the ocearf; as contra-distinguished from small craft which traded gn the riverff or along their coasts. V ' v ^•>"The merchants of Tarshish," are mer- chants of the sea : or men who trade with foreign countries, and whose ships traverse theoceaiL It was the "merchants of Tarshish" wftb said unto "Gog: " "Art thou come to take spoil." « The merchants of Tarshisli " cer- tainly denotes some great CBmmerciiSLl power y who owns a large mercantile marine; -Great Britain is such a power, and to no country upon earth can this text apply so forcibly as to her. " She has been designated a nation of merchants, and her ^^ merchant ^rmccs " are a proverb. Another remarkable phrase occurs in this ■• ■ ■ ■/"■ ■■- ■ ■/ •■ ■■■■■■; ■-■ \ . :: . y'. ■■■/*■ ■•. .J%- ■.. 'i..' ■ * .- T^B MOPERK CRUSADE. n verse: it is ^ the young lions. '" The mer- chants of Tarshish with all the young lions thereof." Does not this refer to "the royal arms of Britain;*^ or to the national cmBlcms vhich she bears aloft in her standard? ^^ In Daniel, chap. 8, the empire of the ' Greeks is represented by a " he-goat ; " because it wae the national iqilitary stand- ard of the Grecian monarchy; and in Rev. chilp. 12, verse 3, Heathen RoYi^c is repre- sented by " a great red dragon ; "^^ecause, in the times of the Roman empire, >/ the i dragon" was next to the eagle the principal standard of the armies ; so the raiiipant lion is the principal figure in the British stand- ard; ^&^^ British Lion^^ means the British Empire ; and it will, perhaps, be difficult to find a better explanation of the sentence, discovered in the first movements of Russia 94 THE MODERN CRUSADB. - lior design upon Turkey, and both nationfl l| immediatel^opposed them. ^ The mission of Prince Mcnchikoff last year to.- Constantinople was professedly to settle a question respecting. « the holy ' places " in Jerusalem ; to which the powers of Europe not only would not raise the least objection, but used all their influence in its ■■■ ■fSayor.- • . .■., A claim for the protectorate of the whob Greek Church in Turkey immediately fol- lowed the question of the holy places; a claim which, if acceded to, would have giveu to Russia sovereign authority over a large portion of the "Turkish empire^ Thk object was concealed by Russia from the ministers of France and Engla^d,• but was soon ^spected and explanations were demanded. To this deceitful diplon^cy of Russia, the prdphet seems to refer in verse 13: " Sheba and Dedan, and the merchants of Tarshish, with all the young lions thereof, shall say -^ unto thee, Art t^u come to take a spoil? ^'^^ hast thou gathered thy company to take a THB MODERN CRUSABB. ■■#> ? a 96 - ,. m ■ ■■ ■ prey ? to carry away silver and gold, to take ' away cattle and goods, to take a great ■ ■spoil?:"- .-;.■;;.;. V ..^ ;..■;;;;■ ::.,/^. ';;'.•.,•■.■.;■■". " Gog," or Russia, made no satisfactory reply to the interrogatories of Franco and Engiandi but marched her armies across the Pruth,. and took possession of the principalities of Wallaphia and Moldavia. It was then, that the " merchants of Tar- shish, and all the young lions tliereof," satis* fied that the pretensions of Ru^ia Were deceptive, proceeded to order their fleets into th|^ neighborhood of the Dardanelles, to prcyeiit Russia fr€»m suddenly coming upon Constantinople to " take a spoil," and to take a prey. . Negaciations were Still carried on, and every means were employed to prevent the ..calamities of war; but all to no purpose. Russia, foiled in her base purposes, became furious; her empemr has kindled up the* flame of war; a fl^e which must now rage to a fearful extent, and which can only be quenched with streams of human blood ; but when quenched, the result will be Jhe cur- * \. 96 THIMiODERN CRUSADE. tailmcnt of tho colossal and still increasing power of Russia; civil and religious liberty will bo secured to tho nations; and new facilities will bo afforded for the spread of toht principles ; for the circulation of the 4oly Scriptures ; and for tho conversion of thp ^world to the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ. J < r-A '^>- •^ Af J CjHAPTER V. r * THE CONFUCT. The Anny of Gog— Suddenness of the Invasion — Consteis- nation of tlie Nations — Extent of the War— Character of the Combat<— Defeat— Place of Discomfiture. ■'■■.■;■'■■;■ ■ ■•■^ " 'M ■'-'■■ , ■ ■.' ; ■■* ■ ■ ■■ ■■..■' The army of Gog. Chap. 38, verse 3: "Thus saith the Lord God: Behold, I am against thee, Gog, the chief prince of Meshcch and Tubal." Verso 4 : " An4 I. will turn thee back, and put books into thy^ jaws, and I will bring thee forth, and all thine army, . horses and horsemen, all of them clothed with all sorts of armory even a great company with bucklers and shields, all of them handling swords." The "horses and horsemen" in the army of Gog are here particularly noticed y it therefore must refer to some nation that has a great cavalry force : and What nation can vie with Russia in the strength of her I -, 98 ' ' • ~ ^' ,hi\ ' i — 'y u I 'rt I i ni i i|n»n * ». ^ J > THE MODERN CRV3JJ>^, ' ■. ■;...•. ^ ' ■■ cavalry ? ThcJ cavalry of the standing army ^ of Russia, including her irregular cavalry, is- said to bo 223,000 j besides 47,000 artillery. The Cossacks from the banks of the Don have long been famed for their military exploits. * The italics in verse 4 make it absurd ; for they could not « all of them " be " clothed with all sorts of armor ^^ The sentence, fiV?) bto •joib ^^ehusha miqhlal chullom " is,* literally* "cYo^Acrf com- pletely all of them:' That is, all his army were completely equipped for war. \ , The multitude of the army is described. Verse 9. " Thou shalt be like a^loud to cover the land, thou and all thy bands, and inany people with thee." "Verse 15. "And thou shalt come from thy place out of the north parts, thou, and many people with thee, all of them riding upon horses, a great company, and a mighty army: \ :.:■... ■"...;,■#:■.:■'■;,..,■.■■■,• .:.■^. Verse 16. "And thou shalt come up against my peoiJe of Israel as a cloud to cover the land." «• ■■! '-, \ THE MODERN CRUSADE. M These texts shew, that in the army of Gog there should bo au immense military array ; and can therefore be applied only to some nation that is a groat military power. , Several continental nations possess very* '/large arrties; but no nation on earth ia these " latter days " possesses an army that in point of number will bear any comparison with the pwmies of Russia. , IThe armies of Russia are truly pro- ■'v' digiousl ■•;■ ; V' > ■ \ The following statemept of her standing army in the year 1822, is gi^|ft^^ *}^® Bfcitish Oyclopffidia, under the artiS? Russia. Infantry, . ... * . ./.r ...... . . 613,000 Cavalry^ ...*........». .... H^^^^V Irregular Cavalry, .. ........ 105,000 : Artillery, . . . . > . . . . , * . * . . . . . 47,000 In Garrison, .....;......♦. 17,000 Supernumeraries, . . ... . . .'. . 27,000 Army in Poland,.. ...... .Vv 50,000 A '1 Total,..;.,......... 1,037,000 IQO THB MODERN CRUSADK. One million and thirty-seven thousand men, ' •■ . _. •■ f The Russian subjects include eighty tribes, and speak forty languages. The present strength of the Russian army is not .positively known; but by an imperial « ukase," issued by the Empcrar Nicholas, and dated Tetcrsburg, Feb, 10, the army was ordered to be increased by a levy of nine men on every thousand souls throughout the western government of the empire; to commence on the first day of Mar^h, and to be finished by the fifteenth day of ApriL It should be observed, that this draught of men is not of the male pbpulation of a certain age, but of thp. whole population. Women and children are include4, in the estimate of population, and according to their aggregate, they must supply recruit^ for the army as above stated; and as an act of persecution, the Jews are required to furnish ten men ibr every thousand souis. It is computed that this levy will raise from 270/)00 to 300,000 men. 7 I THB MODERN CRUS 101 ^. the taat intorviow jftio British and French Ainbansadora had /ith tiio Czar, ho is reported to have Haid : « l/it is war they (the governments of England and Franco) want, they shall have it. I w/ll begin it with one million of soldiers ; I fill have two, if I am , only forced a little; a^d three, if driven to any extremity,^* i" ^ Of the preparations of Russia for tho coming conflict, it is iiid, both the fleet and the army are being sjipplied on a colossal scale. Projectiles to the amount of 900,000 lbs. are to be sent to Taganrog. The best troops have been marched to the sea-ports ; where immense quantities of munitions of war are be.ing accumulated ; and if a collision takes place, which now seems certain, it will be decisive and terrible in the ex- treme, as Russia is displaying all her re- sources.* Truly, the army of « Gog," his « horses and "horsemen," "are completely clotl^ed. allof them." /■""' ! '■'■^ » This written before War wfts declared with Bussia. .•■■ ^ 9» . ■■ • . . . " ,« lis « ^^ 'j'i'hi^xs^ .;>'.- •■'^Wim^^'' 102 TQi: MODERN CBTJBAOB. ^ 2. The suddenness of the invasion. Verse A ''^Thou shaltascend and come like a storm."-'': '.-^ ■' --fe-^:: '■- 14. "Therefore, son of plan, prophesy and say unto Gog : Thus saith the Lord God: In that day when my people of Israel dvelleth safely, shalt thou not ^ow it? 15. " Ajid thou shalt come from thy plfice out of the north parts, thou, and many people with thee, all of them riding upon horses, a great company, and a mighty army."^ ' -/''^-C' '\ '■.'■- '-^^ '':/:, ^^■■■.;: ' -.y-'' These texts shew the very great diffi- culty, if notythe positive absurdity, of /Restricting the term « Israel " to ihe Jewish nation. .For, 1. What coidd be the utility of Assembling such a "mighty army>" almost countless as the aqueous particles of a cloud, to conquer a small country like Pales- tine, which does not contain so much land as the principalities of Moldavia and Wal- lachia, and perha^ never had morf inhab- . itants..-^; ''-^^S -';'■' '^i^^;-,^-Vr:;- "/.:^:yc--_ ■- ; ■■■■■^ 2^ Although there is a strong intimation y TBB UODEBK CRUSADB. las that Gog should possess a navy, yet there is nothiag that would lead us to suppose that his navy would be employed in this act of aggression. It is the army of Gog, "his horses^ and horsemen," that are "^e a cloud to cover the land;" that are t^vgo up to th^ land of unwalled villages ; " and that "shall fall upon the mountains of .Israel.":;-..^;./ ,, ..■:.■■ 3. There, is not the least hint in any part of the prophecy, that « Gog" will march his Of my through any other land to the country he purposes to invade: what the prophet calls the "land of Israel" is the sole object of his attack. If theii, a navy is not to be employed, nor any other country to be passed, how is it possible for Bussia, or mj other great northern nationf to throw a mighty army into the land of Judea? When these things are taken into consid- eration, there will appear a necessity for extf^nding the meaning of the word fVlsrael" beyond the land of the Jews ; and if th^ meaning of the word is to be extended in ordet to understand the prophecy, then /:-' p 104 THE MODEBN CRUSADE. we leave it to the judgment of the canfdid reader, whether " Israel " does not here signify 4he Christian church; and that the land which " Gog "shall invade, is not pro- perly the land of the Jews, but a country which however it may now be overspread with the abominable doctrines of the false prophet, was, nevertheless, really and truly the ^irth-place of Christianity* The invasion shall be sudden, and in time of peace. ^ When Bussia made her demaind upon • Turkey for the " protectorate " of twelve millions of Turkish subjects, and threw ixer armies across the " Pruth " in order to gain her object, peace prevailed throughout all Eurbpej and' when Turkey refused the unjust demands (ft" Russia, the ISmperor Nicholas issued his first belligerent mani- festo. It is dated Peterhoff, June ^6, 1853, and reads as follows : * "^It is known to pur faithful subjects that the defence of our faith hms always been the sacred duty oi ov^ ancestors. • << From the day it pleased the Almighty t- V t t 1 T^! MODBllN OBUSADB. 106 to plac6 me on the throne of our foihers, 1^ xnaLtenance of the holy obligi^ons, ^ith %liich it i3 inseparably connected, has been . the object of onr constant care and a^^^^ tion; these, acting on the gronnd-worlr of the fanuiiis treaty of Kainardgt^ ^> iia)se(ment solemn treaties with the Ottot : man torte have folly confirmed, have ever ^ been directed towards upholding the ngm of our church. ^ ,> ^ x^^ ^ « All our efforts to prevent the Porte from continuing in thi^ course proved fruitle^ and even the oaih of the SuUan km^elf, solemnly given to us, was soon perfidiously ;.. bribken. ; ■ ^ ^ ■■ ' ■, -,.■ ^ ' '':..'^. ^ Having exhausted all means of convic- tion, ajid having in vain tried all the means by which our just claims could be peaceablr adjusted, we have deemed it indispensable to ' move our armies into' the provinces on the Danube, in order that the Porte ma]r^ee to what her stubbornness may lead. ^ _. ' ^f But even now, we have no intention of ■ •'•.. ■-■■■■■■..■ -::--■■.■■■' ■ •■■. :■: : .■;-^^- : " :"" ■"' '-.■A /r .-^ as 'T^'ftti^ WW 106 THE modern' ORUSADfl. v».>. - ..vfi^abufct^l *" coflimencing war J in occupying these prd- vin«0s, we wish \6 hold a sufficient pledge to guarantee for ourselves the rteestablishment of our jrights under any circumstances what- • ever. <—■■:'• ^ ^V--''^- ■■■•■' '■' "We do not seek for conquests. , Russia does not require them. We seek the justi- fication of those rights which hav^ been so openly violated. " We are still ready to stop the move- ments of our. troops, if the Ottoman Porte will bind itself to observe solemnly the invi- olability of the orthodox church, *^But i^ through stubbornness and blind- ness, it desires the contrary, then calling God to our aid, we shall- leave Him to decide between us,/and with full assurance in the arm of the Almighty, we shall go forth to fight fpr the orthodox faith." We have given this manifesto, that the reader; may have before him the Czar's own statement of the ca^e^ It will be observed in the abpve docu- -^ ment, that the Czar accuses the Sidtan with his oath solemnly ff \' jk^-^d!i ^»l^fvp»wi|^^ga!WfH TH9 SIOBBBN ORIJSAOE. 107 given; and with open violation of rtghta j charges^wWcb, if /rwc, would certainly^justi- fy Russia for assuming her.present attitude ; but ^, tiiey are not true^ Turkey, in the present case has "broken no oath; has violated no rights;'' and it is remarkable that the Ozar, in his "manifesto," does not. ■ refer to one instance of such violation ; but demands- redress for grievances which he makes no attempt to prove ever existed. But why do we. seek for motives? The Gzar avows them. He says his object ia, *i upholding the rights 0/ our church ;'\^ri^ "we ^hallgo forth to fight for the orthodox faith" '.' : /"''.-'•■ ^ ■"'/■.■■ .-^:. ;•: ::;■■'■■-,■;■.. The Czar,' then, has suffered no wrong Or dishonor from the Sultan, and the present war is solely to propagate the doctrines of what he calls the " orthodox faith ; " that is, the corrupt Greek Church in Russia, of which he is the head. Jt is, then, a regular /■erusade.-'.'*-. ■; ' ■■°, •'' ■■■■";■ ''^'■■[y:'';-';-' '''-]:'::'/ At the issuing of /;this manifesto, did " Gog "" come forth &^m Ids place out of the no r th parts : " and like a atorm he 1.% ■ 108 THB MODERN CRUSADB, m entered a land that tras at peace with him; the inhabitants of ^hich were dwelling "safely."- ./•;•" .>A:V.;:;v-:v' /:';^ The storm-like character of this invasioii was apparent in the recorded fact, that «two Russian corps, ty a concerted and rapid operation, crossed the Pruth itf distinct places. At Skpuhanie for the occu- pation of Moldavia; and at Leova for the occupation of Wallachiaj. ^ ^ The Emperor of France, in his speech at the opening of the Legislative Session, on the second of March, has taken particular notice of this pet. / In addressing that body the emperot said: "We have, in fact,\ beheld in the east, in/the wirfs/ o/^ro/oMwrf peaccj a sovereigt^ eioict suddenly, from his weaker nei^ibor, new advantajges, and |>ecause he did not obtain them, mvoc^ two ''of hisprovhices." ■ The emperor's words are an excellent comment upon verse 9 : " Thou shalt ascend and (iome like a| storm j " also, upon verse 14: l/■ THB UODEBN ORUSADB. Nicholas the Emperor, harangues a pooplo for the most part equally ignorant; and who arc the dupes of a besotted Greek priest- hood. In both cases the cross is the sym- bol of the combatants. Peter succeeded to avast extent. Sovereigns headed armies; men of all ranks flew to arms in defence of their Christian brethren in Palestine, who were suflfering under Turkish ; barbarity ; dense masses of human beings assembled, a^id marched forth to battle ; and as a cer- tain wHter observes, " all Europe/ torn from its foundations, seemed ready to precipitate itself upon Asia;" they engaged in the most terrific wars, and perpetrated every act of rapine, perfidy, and immorality, of which tho human mind is capable, and all this was done in the face of the heathen, and to prove the truth of a religion which came from heaven, whose sovereign is the "^inee of Peace," aj;id whose motto is "JHfelm^s^ to the Lorcr.*^/^o Nicholas, in singular imi- ta.tionof hi^ prototype, is not/? exciting his : masses to similar deeds of darkness, for "^hat he calls "the orthodox faith; " and THB MODERN ORUSADE. 118 against the same people/the Turks; with - this diflfcrcnco, that at the time of Peter's crusade the Cliristians were cruelly op- pressed; but 710117, iu the time of Nicholas's crusade, Christians in the Turkish dominions enjoy complete religious liberty. The numerous armies and powerful navies '■§. of Russia, known to be armed purposely for invasion and conquest, have produced a cor- responding excitement among the people upon whom he intended to pour his indigna- tion. Hence Russian fanaticism produces / Turkish fanaticism, and the people of both countries are goaded on to madness. And the nations of the west, who do not partici- pate in the fanaticism of either, yet aware ^hat the northern autocrat has intentions uot only to annex Turkey to his empire, but also to lay the world at his feet, have been aroused to resistance, and all Europe is preparing for the coming struggle. Powerful as is the British navy, and invincible as it has hitherto been, it seems inferior in number to the Russian fleet Sir Charles Napier, the Admiral of the lU THI MODII^r ORUSADB. British Baltic floot, at a banqiiot ffivcn to him on the 7th of March, on his appointment to his present post of honor and danger, Bpoke as follows: - v^ : .^ " Wo have now enormous li^ja-of battle ships that with the screw will face wind/ tide, and every element. With th|^ force, then, that we have, although it i^wl equal to the Russian forccj I bcliovo that by the assistance of the screw We shall be able to attack a very sujoerior force ; and I have not the slightof t doubt when we do that, that every sailM; and officer in our fleet will remember the wordfi of Lord Nelson, that^ England expects every man to do Mk duty." The' Russian fleet must be tremendous, when the Britislh fleet is not equal to it. No one ^^||^p moment WQuld suspect Sir Charles ^^Hy^So^*li% like coward- ice, for he ^^^'^^^pp^ ^^&^ noblest and boldest men o^^p^ yetl^n he seemed agitated at thb awful prospect that was j)efbre him. \ On the 11th of March, an address was presented to him by the corporation of • T-^^r ORUSADB. 116 before ho embarked to e commaiMl ^f tlie Baltic fleet, said to bo the moHt magnificent fleet that ever left the British shores. In reply to that address, Sir Chafloa saidT "Wo are going to meet no common enemy ; we arOogoing to meet one well pre- pared. I am sure every officer and man in the fleet will do his duty well and thorough* ly; but at tho same time you must not expect too much. It is well equipped, and efficient, but it is newly formed, and such changes have taken place in nautical* mat- ters that it is impossible to say how much or how Jittlg ^ay bo achieved. The system f walllto is ontiroly new, and tho introduc- tion of steam also materially alters tho tac- tics of war. I can however assure you that I will — and I know tho officers and crews with me will — do everything in my power to uphold the honor of my country and its navy." \ These facts will explain verse 19 : " Surely in that day there sh^ be a great shaking iir the land of Israel." f ■■ rf* ( I ' 116 TEtB HQDBBN CIBt7SiDB« ^-1- : 4 Th© extent of the war/ ^ Verse 18. "And it shall come to pass at the same time when Gog shall come against the land of Israel, saith the Lord God, that my fury shall come np in my face." \n ■■■^- Verse 21. "And I will call for a sword' against him throughout all my mountains, saith the Lord God : every . man^s sword shall be against his brother.? Here a figure iff employed cajied an " anthropin^athy" by which thq parts and passip^^s of men are ascribed to Deity, & figur^ often employed in the Holy Scrip- ,• tures./; ..^:\. ■^.;.:^:.:^;^;^; •/.>/■■ :V- ■:-;'- '.:;v--''^^^ Violent passions will redden the counte- nance, and heat the nostrils 6f a man; so, speaking s^r the manner of men, Jehovah is said to have his "/wry, come in his face," and^to speak in the "^re " of his "wriith;\ jand under the influence of his righteous * an^er, he calls for a "sword throughout all, « Ms^mount9.ins," against Gog and his hosts; ^ It is remarkable that Jehovah ddes not call for "a sword "against " Gogj^ until he had come up info the land: but, at the ^' l» -» THB MOPBIIM OaOSADB. 117 ««awc time when Gog shall come against the land of Israel, saith the Lord God, that my fury shall come up in my face." Coincident with this part of the prophecy, have been all the proceedings of the West- ern Powers of Europe. Negotiation alone was employed by their cabinets for the arrangement of affairs between Russia and Turkey, until the former power began to assemble her forces on^Jihe Turkisjti frontier, and^^hreatened the latter power] %ith inva- sion ; it was only then that England and France thought of oflfering any armed resist- ance to the demands of .Eussii. ; It was on the 3Xst of May, that Turkey was officially threatened with invasion, by u note from Count Nesselrode, to Bechid. Pacha ; and it was on the 2d of June that orders were sent to the British Admiral commanding in the Mediterranean, to pro- ceed to the neighborhoodiof the Darda- nelles/ to prevent Russia from suddenly seizing upon Constantinople. France also ^bved her fleets m unisOn with Great -"Britain* ■ ■■"'•;'.':: r ■-■■'y- ■::■:. . ■ ■ :.':,'.-•:■■•-■.'■"-• !j. 118 THB MODERN OEUSifiB. w '" Thus at the " same Y/mc " that " Gog " came "up into the land, «. c: invaded the Principalities, did the Lord Qod call for " a sword against him." ^ . War with Russia,. on the part of Great Britain, has now been declared ; and in the "Declaration of War "by the Queen of Eng- land, occurs a paragraph which we think will explain the text under consideration. Her Majesty says: "So long as the nego- tiation bore an amicable character, Her Majesty refrained from any demonstration of fbrce. But when, in/ addition to the assemblage of large military forces on the ; frontier of Turkey, the Ambassador of Rus- sia intimated that Serious consequences would ensue from the refusal of the Sultan to comply with unwarrantable demands, her Majesty deemed it right, in conjunction with the Emperor of the French, to giv0 an un- questionable ptjoof of her determination to support thie sovereign rights of the Sultan.'* The first Anglo-French fleet sent to the Dardanelles, consisted of seventeen British ships, and twelve French ships, conveying IHB MODERN CBUSADB. 119 collectively one thousaad six hundred and sixteen gtms. The Czar, who has long been contemplat- ing, and^eparing for this onslaught, was not tyjpo be overawed, but proceeded I described by the prophet. exacl Terse 10. "It shall also come to pass, i^arat the same tune shall things come into thy mind, and thou shalt think an evil thought; " margin, ^rthfiU shalt conceive U^ mischievous purposey Verse 11. "And thou shalt say, I will go up to ihe land of unwaUed villages ; I wiU go to them that are at rest, and dwell safe- ly, (margin, « confidently; ")Vall M them dweUing without walls, and hp?vini ^rther bars nor gates, ---■■''ry-'--"\.:^'' ■'■■■■' Verse 1^ " To tike a spoil> and take a prey ; " margin, " io spoil the spoH^and to prey the prey^ ' i j. It had now become a matter both of jK)licy and of interest on the part of the European nations, to check the ambitious vand oppressive designs of Russia, ^ost ily did those rival nations', Eng- 120 THB MODERN CRUSADE. land and France, become one ; both nations increased their navies, and recruited their armies; not as formerly, to oppose each other, but to stand or fall together in resist- ing tlje "mischievous purpose " of " Oog," the dangerous tyrant of the north. / The first army Great Britain sends to engage in this awful conflict, consists of thirty thousand men; and the battalions of France, to more than double that number, are also proceeding to the Bast. ,A British fleet has just sai}ed for the Baltic, con- sisting of twenty-seven ships, wliich is to be followed by twenty-one more: making a total of forty-eight British sh^ps, with two thousand two hundred and ninety-eight guns, and twenty thousand men, whiibh artna- ment is to be still further increased, and also to be joined by a French fleet.! The nations in Central and i^orthern Europe are arming ; expecting in so^e way r other to be involved in the struggle. Austria is armed, but she vacillates; she fears to offend Russia, as in many respects she has been one with her in action ; on th e •)'.'•' THB HOPERN CRUSADE. 121 otiier liand, she fears the Western powers, Jsecause she has cruelly oppressed Hungary, and has joined in the « spoiling " of Poland. She has, however, marched 200,000 men to her southern frontier, and she will soon be engaged in the struggle, and most probably on the side of the Western powers. Prussia is armed, and so far she is jm- tral; but her neutrality cannot continue. With Austria and the Western powers she must join. , Sweden and Denmark are also armed, and they are both in principle opposed to Russia, particularly Sweden, whom Russia has deprived of a large portion, of territory. These powers will most likely unite against the common foe. j^ Persia is likewise armed, and at. the first favorgible opportunity she will raise her arm against Russia, to recover Daghestan, and other portions of territory of which she lias been deprived by thq, oppressor of nations. All over the south, as well as in the north, the trumpets of war are sounding; the pla i ns of ,i;he ancient Shinar ; dow n. over 11 122 THB MODERN OBUSADB. the banks of the Tigris find the Euphrates ; over the countries of Sytia, Palestine and Bgyi)t, as well as the summits and dells of .the Circassian mountains, and the north of Africa, is the alarm of war heard j and all are preparing for this dreadful event. Never was a war go extensive before, and never did the natioiis before so combine, and so develop their ' resources for one common dbjectj as according to this prophecy will be the case, in this present war^ ■ The political govenatments of nations see it as a matter of necessity to thejr own existence to resist the further enicroaclimeht of th^ northern colossiis ; God in his wiS" dom and in his judgment has seen her impiety^as a nation ; her rejection of evan- gelical truth ; the exclusion of knowledge from her' people j her corrupt, hierarchy ; her blasphemous profanation of God's holy name, by ^making the cross o£^ dying Sdvioui; a banner of war^ and *^ orthodox faith" a woitchword of oppression and bar- bayism ; yea, by her past crimes as well as by her concep^o;^ of future "mischievous" \ ates; I and Is of ;h of d all fever lever id so amon wiU 3 see own tment wiS" her evan- ledge rchy; holy iying kodox tbar- dl: as r THB MODSBN CBUSABS. purposes to the church and to the world, has the tyrant provoked the "Holy One of Israel : " " his fury has come up in his face ; " and now will he carry into eflfeet the sen- tence he has denounced : "I will call for a sword against him throughout all my moun- tains, saith the LordT God.'* f 5. The character of the combat. Verse 22. " And I will plead against him with pestilence and with blood ; and I will rain upon him and upon his bands; and upon the many people that are with him, an crflowing r^in, and great hailstones, fire ttnd brimsfton^/' \ " I will plead against him withpestilence." Does this mean that the cholera, the plague, or sonae other epidei||ic shall break out in the Russian camp? ' " I will rain upon him — an overflowing rain.'^:v:^-.;\^\;-"->^'v^^^ in the original, the verb /r J tc«// raw " ifir a different word to the novsi ^^ overflowing rain; " the firsi %ord is I'^afeK « amtir»* This simply signifies ^^ to pain ; " But the }0U$ It word boa "^csAew" signifies "a Acaiyy 124 THB MODERN CRUSAPB. >» rain;" to which is added «Jt?no "shotaif,^* « overflowing ;" so that the text is literally : « I will rain a Acary overflowing rain upon Wm." .. ■. I'f.'' '.^ • '■■■■-.-:' But no rain, however violent, has ever destroyed a great army! The word rain must, therefore, here be understood as a metaphor, for some missile or missiles that shall be rained, or thrown upon the army of «(Jog," and under the influence of which they shall fall. 'ih^ word " geshem" qvLoted above, is an Arabic word, and signifies "to lie or lean hard upon; ""to beheavyj" "to|^3Pes8with weight ; " " to lie heavy upon." / This metaphorical rain, is then something very ponderous, and that shall press to the earth all those upon whom it shall fall. The fire of musketry which the well disciplined armies of the aUies shall shmoef xipon the "bands " of Russia, will be fearful and fatal ; and shall continue until, like an "over- flowing rain," it ^as swept them all away and deluged their land with their own blo^jir^ ■'■ / / ■/ > / / THE MODEBN ORUSADB. 125 Prophet, '< great haUstones, fire and brim* ^ ■.■■,■ -'^.Btone." ■'■ .'■ '■■■■■• :■/■■'" I believe the words B'^ajSw *^»»^ "aftnat / eleggahi^h " occur but twice more in the y original Scriptures. Ezek, chap. 13, verses 11 and 13 : " Say unto them whidi daub «V with untempered mortar^ that it shall fall; there shal^be^^ # overflowing shower; and ye, great hail- stones, s^all fall; and a stormy wind shall rend it. Therefore, thus saith the Lord God: I will even rend it with a stormy wind in my fury; and there shall be an over- flowing shower in mine anger, and great hailstones in my fury to consume it." Upon this we might just observe, that while " an overflowing rain " might wash away the "untempered mortar," and a " stormy wind " rend the wall, yet hailstonea could have but little effect on either the / mortar or the wall : the term hailstone must therefore be a metaphor fqr somo very p(^erful projectile. So in the text under consideration, the 126 THB HODSlUr ORUSAM. •. » projectiles ; and being connected with "Jfre aid brimstone" the sentence, " great hail- stones, fire and brimstone" becomes a magnificent figure for bombs, rockets, cannon balls, and similar instruments of destruction which are used in modern warfare. In Rev. chap. 9, we learn that on the sounding of the "sixth trumpet "an immense army issued forth. ( Verse 17. "And the heads oft^e horses were as the heads of lions j and out of their mouths issued fire and smoke and brim-' .stone." .:■■ ■;-'/■■:.,. ■^■.■.■ Upon which text Bishop Newton observes : "A manifest allusion to great guns and gunpowder, which were invented under this trumpet, and were of such signal service to the Othmahs in their wars. "Amrath the Second broke into Pelopo- nessus, and took several strong places by the means of his artillery. But his son Mohammed, at the siege of Constantinople, employed such great guns as were never made before. One is desOTJbed to have been of such a monstrous size, that it was drawn 'f [-.. '^yfw^w^w^y^w^^^ " THB MODERN 0RU8ADB. 127 < by seventy yoke of oxen and by two thou- '^jd men. . ■■ ' .pifThcTQ wore two more, each of which discharged a stone of the weight of two talents. Others emitted a stone of the Weight of half a talent. %t the greatest of all discharged a ball of the weight of three talents, or about three hnndred pounds; and the report of this cannon is said to have been so great, that the country round about was shaken to the iiistfinco af fcirty furlongs. For forty days the wall was battered by these \ guns, and so many breaches were ihade,jtot the city was taken by assault, and an end p^ to the Grecian ■^empire." ■ ;- ' ■.■ ~ '•■ ■ ' ■' ^~~~~'"~''^'''^ ■' In Rev. chap. 16, verse 21, where thj^ro may possibly be a reference to this very conflict that has now just commenced, and which is represented as taking place under the seventh vial, it is said: "And there fell upon n^en a great hail out of heaven, every stone about the weight of a talent." A talen t is at least one hun^lred i and some reckon it one hundred and thirteen 128 THE MODERN CRUflADB* pounds. " Hailstones^* of such weight Imvo never fallen upon our earth ; the word, thcrc- •/ore, must bo a metaphor for some ponderous y |tody. When all this is taken into consideration, the "heavy overflowing rain," which Jehovah will " rain upon « Gog " and upon his bands, and upon tho many people that are with him,'^ with iho " abnai eleggabish" "great hailstones, fire and brimstone" mh.y be interpreted by the various means for de- stroying human life which science has in- vented, with which the allied forces are so amply supplied, and which will soon be thrown with such terrible effect on the armies and navies of Russia, 6. Thedefeat. ^^^^^^ ^?^^.^^^.^^^^^^^ .^ Chap. 3», V. 3. "And I will smile thy bow out of thy left hand, and will cause thine arrows to fall out of thy right hand. 4. " Thou Shalt fall upon the mountains "^^ of Israel, thou, and all thy bands, and the people that «« with thee; I will give ^>thee unto the ravenous birds of every sort, and to t he b easts of the field. y^ \,-« TOE MODBBN OBUBAPJEI. 129 /"t^^ 6. '^ Thou shalt fall upon the open field: for I have spoken lY, saith the Lord God. 6. /'And I will send a iiro on Mago)(, and among them that dwell carelessly in the isles : and they shall know that I am the Lord."^..,;--.-.o. :,,,„ ..-.yV -: ., .:•:...:'■.■;; The ancients were accustomed to call the oast the front of the earth, which, when looking in that direction, the north would be the '^ left handf and the south the ''right handy ■ • :■ V ■'>: A ^V ., .V;,/:,. The "bow" was an emblem of strength, or power. The bow of " Gog," or Russia, is' in his « left hand" that ia, the north. Petersburg, the "bow" of Russia, is the most northern capital on the globe. > "I will smite thy bow out of thy left hand." From this we learn, that the first 8ignajr>^uccess of the allies will be in the Baltic Sea. < . i "I will cause thine arrows to fall out of thy right hand. The " right hand " of Russia is at the Black Sea and the Danube River, where her hostile armies are at this moment encamped. When the fatal blow ."S i ^■^M- %-'. *r /' *l ^ ■* W)^ 180^ IHB MODERN OBTTSADB. shall biB/ struck in^tlie north, and the news thereof /shall reach the armies of the south, they Bhkil he panic stricken and fly before th^ir enemies. With what remarkable pre- cision does verse the 3d describe the present position of the belligerent forces,^ as in the « left hand "and the ** right handj" that is, . liieBaltic and the Black Sea. ^ "Thou shalt fkU upon the .niountaina^of ;:Israel."-'- ■ '-•')■"- '/ '' ■ Thou hast " com0 from thy place out of the north parts " to invade ;a land that was at pekce with jthee J "[to t^ a spoil," "md to take a prey^" but thy "mischievous pur- pose " shall not be realized ; a combined. foTcef\ " throughout all my mountains J'* shall assail thee and shall annihilate thy power at thy seat of govemiaent| thy invading armies shall fall in the land they ^ have invaded ; and they shall fall, not by stratagem, but in regular battle in the open field ; " and *' I'will give thee unto the ri^isnpus birds of every sort, and to the bea^s of the field to be devoured." "And I will send a fire on Hag6g,and / f- 'r«^!^ / / « THB MODERN ORUSADB. 181 .»> among them that dwell carelbssly (margin, <^(COhfidenily" ) in the isles.** The word &':':» ^f Urn" translated isles, properly means sea coasts. Parkhurst, in his Hebrew Lexicon, under the word d^'^j* " i«wt," says : >^ The versions and lexicons usually render this word by an isle, or island, but it may be justly doubted whether «7 ever ^as strictly this meaning. Even when joined with xsh ''the sea^^ it seems more properly tq denote such cown^nes / or |)/ace5 as bordered on the sea. This explanation will very much simplify *the text; for ike islands of^ussia are not very famous, but she possesses an extensive ^ The •< fire "that Jehovah will "send on Magog" shall extend to them that dwell « carelessly,"^ or "confidently " "in isles^," or sea-coasts. ■ ' . '' '\-"- y^'^--'^:/ ■'^'- " ;•,.;> From this prophecy we are fully author- ized to expect the. conquest of bioth the *i impregnable^* Sebastopol, and the stronglyN.^ fortified arsexial of Cronstadt. This text suppl i es another argument 132. THB HOPERN CRUSADB. t against applying this prophecy to the Jewish nation. For if we| were to suppose that Bussia were^o invade Palestine, and to be defeated there, yet, if the Jews ha# the will, they would not possess the means of carry- yig the war into the country of the enemy, or of " sending a fire on Magog and among them that dwell carelessly" on the sea- coasts." This can only be done by a nation with a larige naval force, which the Jews never did> and probably nerer will possess j but a fotce adequate to this is possessed by " Gomer " and the merchants of Tarshish, and that force is now actually assembling and for the very purpose of canning and of • spueading, a "fire '* on "Magog," and among them that dwell confidently in the isles. ■ . .,• • -^^ . < The defeat off Russia is certain, with the entire overthrow of all her mighty force — ' for the Lord has spoken it. "For I wiU smite" 'i.n^sn " A«;AcAa? 184 XHB HODEBfC CRUSADE. f . to pass in that day, that I will give jjfaito Oo'g a place .there of graves in IstaeK the valley of the pas^ngers on the east. Qi the isep. : and it s}iall stop the noses of th|5 pas-^ Sengers ; and there shall they bury G6g and all his multitude ; and they shall call it the valley of Hamori-Gog.'^ :,; ' We have made some remarks on "the valley of the passengers '* in our introduc- tion) p. 18. v but the reader will perhaps not be displeased to hear something more on the same subject, as it is so import&nt to a Tight understajiding of the prophecy. : 1. its geogriaphical situation, "On the east/)f the sea." \ When in the Scriptures the land of Palestine is spoken of, and the word ♦^ sea" occurs, it often, although not always, means the Mediteri-anean Sea ; and if it could be proved that the phrases "land of Israel," and "mountaiib of Israel," as used in this prophecy, refer exclusively to Judea, thenrwo mighl expect to find " the valley of the passengers scmewhere on the' eastern co a st of the Mepiter ran ea n Bea^ an^ within the limits of the promised landf / -.• THE MODERN C^USADB. 185 l3ut we hare, shewn that those expressions cannot bo so limited, liut must be understood in a miujh more extended sense. We have considered the above phrases, as applying to Ghristian lands ; and if our interpretation be correct, then will fee word " sea " mean some -collection of waters which bounds Christendom to the ieastward ; .which certainly is not tK^Medi- terratiean ; but must mean either the Black Sea, the Sea of 4zof, or the Caspian Sea; fop these seaS do%req»lly form the bounds of Christian lanis^^lid particularly the Cas- pian ; for thewhole world to tlie east of the Caspian Sea is either Heathen orjloham- medan." -.X'-v-;/-' ,-'•■■. ;.,■:■■■/■-'■■'■; ,. '-,>:^"' Nfiiw the ** va-Uey of the passengers " is- on the " east of the sea ; " and tlierefore some ptacje answering to the description as given by the prophet, must be sought fo^ in the vicinity of one of . the | three seas above ' >named;. ' y ■■:•■'•■, 'i': ■--'.■^:'"- ■■:.'V■v:^^ ^'^■^■^^^■ 2i. It is called « avatleyJ^ We would here beg to inform the English reader thAt, in the He|rew.BiblO, there are m THE MODERN CRUSADB. four different words translated " valley ; " and each word coijveys some peculiar ide«i, of the i)lace it is intended to describe. - ': 1, ^pa « Bigaq" Thi? means a break between mountains^ It occurs Dent. chap. 8, V. 7. Fountains an,d 'depths that spring put of valleys and hills. 2, M /'NakhaV' J\A vaUey m- tow ground with a stfeam of waters" It occurs, Gen. 26 ill. " And Isaac departed thence, and pitched his tent in the valley of Gerar. Through this valley runs the brook Besor. The modern Arabs call such a place ^wa4i'\ ::'V v.. •:■■■■ :■■:..■ '':n:j--:'-.'--: ' 3. tJiGi? "Emeqi!* ^^ A lowv deep valley." it occurs, Genl 14: 3. « All these were joined together in- the vale , of Siddiiu, which is the salt sea.?' Such a place was the. *^ valley of Jezreel," (Judges 6: 33,) so oft^n referred to in the histbrioal parts of ■ : th^jBibie. • ■ • - ■ :-'-<' ^-v " ^ .-i ■ .■:-; ;' 4, "ia ^*Gai"l This wprd comes from ' a verb, which signifies "to in&easef" " ri9ey '^f swell,"- " if ygrow h igh er and higher.^ f "Gai*' is defined as "a valley/* or more ./ i :' « 4 ^ . ' .IHB HODBBN CBUS^B. ' 187 properly, " a Wsing" grcwmd or lawr^mng frofn the ftortom, to the a((/om«n^ hill<* '"" -4 ftroae? talley'^ , This is the word lised in the'text/- ■ ■ .? v;:.^ • fj The valley o^ the passengers " is, then, a "broad rising ground.^^ It cannot possi- bly be the "valley of Jezreel;" for this is shewn in definition third to be,^*'a low deep- valley, " emeg ; " but the ^' valley of the passengers " is a rising ground, a " gai" For a place like this, and sufficiently capa- cious for the mighty army of " Gog "and their opponents to engage in., their mortal jisoinbat, we^ shall loot in vain through all , the laind of Judea. "^ ' - » }3ut a place answering this description in every particular, is founds in the south of Russia. ';■■;■.: ■'''.-:;-;>■..'■,■ v.V'-^-' , ;■ :■':.,■■-■' ^ '';::. In speaking of Russia now, we wish to he y iinderstood as Russia within her own bounds, or as the proper land of « Gbg." Russia did not formerly extend beyond the fbrty-eighth^ degree) of latitude ; all to the soutHi of that parallel are encroachmentg. * See Paikhi^t*« Qebxeyr I^eticon. ""^^**-^\^^ m • f 188 THE MODERN CRUSADE. 1 1' ■ '■ Russia in ge|ioral is a level country, nevertheless if a| line be drawn from the Caspian Sea, a little to the westward of north, and that line be extended to the Arctic Ocean, it will j include two large declivities f gradually descending ; One to- wards the norfh-east and the north-west, and the other | towards the Caspian Sea, south. With this lafter declivity, ire have to do in our present In the British Cyclopaedia, under the article Russiaf we read: "Russia has two ' ffteai declivit^s, one towards the north-west , and the nort|i-east, and the other towards the south, jbown the south declivjtty flow the rivers Dnieper, Don, the Kuban, and the Chambers also informs us, concerning Russia: " Thie tcirritory may be. regarded as One vast plain, with a slight elevation running diagonally^ across the interior, and forming the great iedter -she d which diverts the rivers to the jirctic Ocean on the one hand, smd to / *• -^«R' '»'" •• " fKSf-^ 1"^ W^-' ■J# ?i THB MODERN GltUdADE. 1B9 < ■^'y^- the Caspian and Black Seas on the other : the southerly portion of the plain includes >the whole district along the Volga, as far as the sandy steppes or deserts, between the "Caspian alid the Sea of Azof, and 'consti- tutes the finest part of Russia." Here i^ Ihe very thing described by the prophet: it is *^gai" "a rising ground;" "a broad Valley j " a " lawn rising from the bottom /to the adjoining hills ; "having the Carpathian mi^uiitains to the west, and the Ural i^ountains lo the 0ast. It also is, or lies, to the east/of the sea: 1. e. the Sea of Azof/ find mofefoverit is the utmost bound of Ohiistian lands towards the east. ^ 3/ /' The valley of the passengers," 1)16 designation of the place is also very reib^kable. /" The valley of the passengCTS " Wcertainly intended to ^omt out the place a^ some (great thoroughfare." . fFhis designation can be applied to no |)lace in Palestine except in a very limited ,si0Jise| btijc it applies with very great force to southern Jiussia. For the " gat " m t region is/truly a "valley of passengers.*' / / 8Mi^npoii^toN«ondfldItiiMi,pa|tltt> ^■■■■1 140 THB MODERN ORUSADB. f' Down this "gai" Russia carries on an immense traffic j through it caravans take the produce of Russia to Tartary, Persia, and China, and bring back tea, silks, and other productions of southern climes. Down this " gai " flows the Don, which dis- charges its waters into the Sea of Azof, and the majestic Volga, said to be navigable for seventeen hundred miles j and what seems utterly surprising, this noble streamy the Volga, which empties its waters into the Caspian, is to this day called " the high- waif of Central Itussia,^* Down this " gai " Russia has sent and is sending her munitions of war tp the south; down a portion of this valley, many of the troops of Russia have matched to the shores of the Blac^ Sea. Sebastopol and ^he Orimea is the south-west extremity, of this "gai." E the Russian armies should be defeated by the Turks, they must retire to some portiou of this valley. Towards this "gai V the Anglo French ik& their way ; that vall o y is a° central point for Russia to assemble her /* THB MODBBN 0BU8ADB. 141 forces from distant parts of the empire; and ^ sufficiently extensive for them all to act. ' Somewhere, then, in this " gai," near the Don or the Volga, will "Gog" or Russia ]/ make a final stand, and there will he be I overthrown. Fpr thus, " ^ith the Lord God, I will give unto Gog a place there of graves in Israel, the valley of the passen- gers on the east of the sea." The English toxt reads :" And it shall stop the nosc« of the passengers j " but there is no word an the Hebrew answering to this: in the margin the word "mouths" is inserted; tlus word is also without a cor- responding i^^prd in the original. It is cer- tain neither word is necessary to complete the sense, for tfiie.text reads better without ' either term. The j^lace of graves f^shali stop the |?as^cn^era^^" This niay either mean, the traffic of Russia shall be limited; or what seems the better sense, the power , of Gog shall be « st|)pped ; " and the pas- l sengers^ or the tribe^ of the south, shall be no longer subject to Ms tjrrannical a^ui despotic sway. " iiid there shall thBj JJtiry I Gog and all his multitude.'^ 142 THB MODmUf ORUSADB. • The awful conflict in/tho "valley of the passengers" is described by the prophet in strong figurative language, yet in language that is capable of an easy solution. r^ Verse IT. "And thou, son of man, thus saith the Lord God, speak unto every feathered fowl, and to every beast of the field, assemble yourselves and come ; gather yourselves on every side to my sacrifice (margin slaughter) that I do sacrifice for you, even a great sacrifice upon the maun- tains of Israel, that ye may eat. flesh, and drink blood." The great "sacrifice" OT'slaughter being proclaimed, and both birds and beasts sum- moned to feast thereon, the rank and character of the slain (for the slain spoken of . are certainly men and not beasts) is described by the terms "rams," "lambs," " goats/* " bullocks," and « fatlings of Bashan." Terse 18, 'fYe shall eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the bltod of the princes of the earth, of rams." * Among the ancients rams were taug}it to THE HODBBN OBUSADB. 148 •T go before the flocks as loadoys, and wore followed by the flocks. Aristotle says : " In every flo6k they prepare a leader of the males, who, When the shep- herd calls him by namo,g"ac3 before them." In reference to this custom, generals, and leaders of armies are often called " ram«," both by profane and sacred writers. * , ^ Thus Homer speaking of Ulysses ^aa^ shaliing the Greeks, says: ,,|pr- / >' •»» : "ilor yet appear Wa care and conduct bbmII; ^ - , From rank to rank he moves and ordew all. The stately ram thus measures o'er the ground, ^ And master of tlie flocks, surveys them round." ; . ' P«pe'« TVanthtion.. The ^^ stately ram" is the general of the- army. -'.'\'^'.'^y:^. ■- Similar language is fbund, in the sacred volume. Exodus, chap. 15, v. 15. " The mighty men of Moab" is, literally, the raws, or leaders of Moab. -^ In Ezekiel, chap, n, v. 13: "He hatl also taken the mighty of the laiid:-Mite] ally, the rams of the lanii ; ^ lU THB MODBBK CBUSADB. m So in the text: "Ye shall eat the flesh of rams, of. lambs," means, the bodies of i^eat military chiefs, and their armies, shall be exposed on the field of battle*" Another ^enn used by the prophet is "goatsj" the margin reads, "^rca/ gpats" The word ft'^ntti? « a/AMc^em " means both ^'Mgoats" and "greiat goats;'' and so it k rendered in different texts. Isdaih, chap. 14,y;9; << The chief ones of ^^^t^^ the margin reads, « the great goats of the earth." Jeremiah, chap. 50, v. 8 :« Remove but of the midst of Babylon, and go forth out of the land of the Chaldeans, and be as the he goats before the flocks." Zech. chap. 10, V. 3: « Mine anger, was kindled against tiie shepherds, and I punished the goats." ** Goats '\ here, means the potentates,^ princes or rulers who may be engaged in this struggle, many of wiom shall fall, and be involved |bi the same mass of carnage with men of Inferior raufc The next term used by the prophet is "bullocks," to which he immediately adds, "all of them fatlings of Bashan," the word ] # THB HODBRN CBUSADB. 145 •s»*7t) *\inerei*' comes from a Terb wltfch signifiea to " rise" or " swell wp^" and w^ile the noun is frequently used for 9^ swelled^ or fatted beast, yet in the G/ia/rfcow, which is the language here used, it signifies ei>"sove* reign f& supreme lord, one el&oated to the highest dignitp and power " In Dan* chap. 4 : 19, this word is translated *^ my lord" In verse 20, it is said : "Thus ye shall be filled at my table With horses and chariots." S^\"Recheb" means*' a charioteer or rider > From this description, as given by ^the prophet, we learn that this dreadful war will be attended with an immense .effusion of human blood, and that it wiir terminate in a battle that /^ill be fearful in the \ extreme, and withoxit a parallel ibr^ the numbers that/shall be engaged; for the science emjuoyed for the destruction of humaniife; luid for the slaughter that shall CMue; when potentates, generals, soldiers, Lorses and riders shall fall in vast masses, and over an extent of country so grejtt, that the rites of sepulture wilUbe impossible ; but birds and beasts shall feast upon them: ^•\- v.: : ..13, • ■ ' . ■;.■■■..■■..■'■,:■■■"' ■^.-y^-'-*^:^' "^jiSW^jJSBjrMj^'^ 146 THB MODBBN CRUSADE. for to the birds of the air and the beasts of the field it is said, verse 19 : '^ And ye shall eat fat till ye be full/ and drink blood till ye be drunken, of, my sacrifice which I have isacrificed for you. 1 # Verse 20. « Thus ye shall be fiUed'at my table with horses and charipts, with mighty men, and with . all men\ of war, saith the Lord God." t Whether the final defeat of Russia, which there is now every reason to believe, shall take place as the result of the present struggle, is or is not the battle of « -4rma- ^«Wo?i " spoken of in Rev. chap. 16, verse 16, we will leave others to decide. .*•■ i » -•*-^. .-fft;'.; Xh v,-i: I '■■&:' :' ■• - - "■ '' ■ ;!•■}', ; h'H * I 'I CHAPTE -r^ THE OVEBTHB Gog shall be turned back to his otnT Dominieia — Shall be deprived of his Conquests — ShidI be restrained firom ftiture A^sdon — the Effect upon the Spr«^^ of B^Ugioot ■■ Gonchisioai '■ , - '.'-■:'■-': \'^''' 1. Gog stall be turned back, i Ghap. 38, V. 2 : « Son of main, set thy fece against Gog, the land of Magog, ithe chief prince of Meshech and Tubal, a,nd prophesy against^him^'V^ Verse 3. « And say^ thus saith the Lord Go^^f J^lwld, I am against thee, O Gog^ liSo chief prwe of Meshech and Tubal: )^^|if « I witf turn thee ba<^ and put into laFs. »t w ^ *^|^|||!§||fll pl^se to open his 1. ^ t,. ^.» ; iacoiiiMn^ word jurcsumed a !*)*/;. v:;';,'. ,/■)-;/< -• ■■fc .^Vi ' I 148 T&B MODEBN ORUSADI!. "We have made this ulterafion, 1 ; Because . , the pointed Hebrew Bible is pointed here r with an *' dih-nachf" which is equivalent ta a. ^: colon or period. 2. Becaiige the sentence : is completed at ihe worl :" jaws ; " ifbr his^ hemg i turned back *y is certainly subse- quent to hie' being brqugl^nbrth with*' army, \ horses and hcisemen.**X;.^^ *^ ^ ^ ^ Ohkp. ??, ve?^se .1^ « Therefore, thou sc^ of min, propheily: a^nst Gog: Behold,, f]^^ ta«i'agaii;ist thee, Gog, the chief prin6e of yMeshech ap^ Tubal: .^ f Verse 2. " And I will turn thee back, and leave but the slkth part of thee." > ^ ^ ° Here again we have put a period wh^ tbe English text only ha,s a commas %nd as- in the above' case, after a word which, to ' ' make sense oi ihe passage, must close -the sentence. For the words that immediately foUow : " I will turn thee bac^ iand leave but the sixth part of thee," drci, "And will cause thee to come up from the north parts, | and will bring theeiipbn the mountains of Is- rael." Tlus sentence caiinot possibly ^efer , to events which will/o//ow his being ^^turnedi e- ;■'■;•■»;■ XBOi KOBBBir OMUtHU 149 anse here '^ ' taa r ence * •his* ibse- fidck^ 9Jid 0^ i^iiig defJirived of jtee ;«ii|rM» of Ms territory, hvA io -tiio^e that ^ precede. ■■;'■:■■■;■■■/■■':' ■^■r'^ ■'v-V'^->:''v- .'■■■'A:, ^^ *;:-^ " Gog^" first come up vfirom his place out Qf th^.^orth parts " with his ** 9^fi torsos aud horsjemen," to invade the Iwid; and afte^ards ]^e is turned bac)^ and ^punished described/-' ' ■'■':>^— ■'" '^"-:'-' y ■:,' We, hope these reasons Inll he deemed sufficient for the liberty, we have' tat^en in Storing the points, and in closing the,^ sen-^ noes as aboxe. * r . - . '^ ^'^' I will turn thee bacfc-'V t- -' f ^* " Gog " had extensive possessions and S THE HODBBN CRUSADflr 9 ' 16t Baltic, and no access to the oce^ 0x6ept by Archangel; for even the province of Ingria, in which her capital; is situated, then ' belonged to Sweden. ^ , ' Peter contemplated jnaking Rtjssia A, great maritime power ; to accomplish which, as soon ad he commenced 'his rei^n, he com- menced his wars. He first led his troops^ against the Turks, froni whom he toot the^ ^fortress of AzofJ and hSnce originated the' ojierations of Russia in the BJit^ Sea ; and by vj^ious subsequen^^rs . and treatiea she hjts extended her Ime from Azof along ' the shore of thd Black ^ea^ as far west as the river Danube. - Idl the year 170?, Russia began hcE con- quests in Sweden, by the famous^ battle X)f Pultowa ; and % viirious wars and treaties; Russia has wrested from Sweden at least one half of her kingdoni;. She has seized Finland, and has extended her line in that part of ber empire, west, from l^Wt^de. thirty-three degrees to eighteen degrees. - Poland was the eountry oii which Russia next cast her ambitious eye. In 1772, th^ i 152 XBB XODSBN OBIJBApB. .Ozarjua Catherine seized upon that king- dom, which has since been partitioned and divided between Russia, Austria, and Prus^ sia: Russia obtaining a " lion's share." To complete the subjection of Poland to Russia, in the year 1816, tfie Emperor Alexander received the title, "Czar, and King ot Poland; " and^ in accordance therewith, he received " iomiige' at "Warsaw;" ' Russia now turned her eye to the south, and determined to eiiend her frontier in ,. tliafc-direcjtion^'-v ../■■^■^^^^^^^^ ■:■;■■;■.■■■;:;■■ ; In th^ (year 1742, she built the town of Orenburg, and formed the "government of (ireAburg, irijk<^ then sOuth-east boundary ^ Tjy^ in 1at^i|R|P^d ea^t longitude 54^ 49'. This ^as intended as a stepping grtone to forther conquests. Soon after the building p^ Orenl^urg^ severid " JSTAatis," oir sovereigns of Tartary, siibmitted to the Russian arms. ' ^.^ -—1 '— : — : , , '. : __.__.: — -J. : _j -J. '., *Erbm Orenburg, her fbrcesiuMC^ soutti to the Sea of '< Aral," which, a$ well a,s thd 1w q!HB MODBBN OBtJSADl. . r I ^58 . y Caspia;n Sea, is riow entirely under eontrol of the Russian flag. , ' '. ^ .In the year 1840, Russia sent asi expedi- tion by. ihe Sea of Aral, to "Khiva," in Southern Tartary, in abAut the forty-first degree of south latitude. Last year, she sent an expedition to^the **^ir-Deria," a river which discharges .its waters into the Sea of Aral, on the eastern side of that sett. The " Sir-Beria " is said to, have been the <'Iaxartes " of the Mipieuts.; On t|iis river Rttssia now has a fort. - " / From "Khiva," she has^ again advanced south and east, and her influence now ii felt in "Bokhara," Sam^rcand, and "Kokhan." From " Khiva," on the west, to "Kokhan," on the east, is near five hundred miles ; this is her extended front to the south, where she is now within a few degrees of the British possessions- in India, . which her armies have already menaced. ' !Prom i\ie Caspian Sea, fehe advanced upon Persia, to the west and to the south, and "t ook fifom Persia, the province of Daghe s- \ 1^ rfe-1 X,. SBtf XODlBXr ORtrSABA. If extent ot country eqtial to tn^ whole of England.. . ■; ;■...-.,■■■■••■: .;•/: ■.-•r^4: ,- • .'^ ;...^^^-' ■'■ These conquests were made in fonrteen ' -years. ■'■■:■ :'^ ■:/r\; ':■■.'■•■ •'•■>.;,■■.■'.■■.•■%■ '■. It is said that from the days of !Peter to the present time, including a period of about one hundred and fifty years, "Russia has advanced her frontier five hundred miles towards Constantinople, six hundred and thirty miles towards Stockholm, seven hun- dred towards Berlin and Vienna, and one V -thousand towards Calcutta." And in the > mean time her conquests have extended over the whole of Northern Asia, and a portion of North America. Yet is she not satisfied. Constantinople is the present object of her ambition and designs; which, did she obtain, she would overlap, em- barras, and menace all Europe ; the world would be under her "dictum," and her iron hand would enslave all nations. 3ut the "Lord God Omnipotent reign- eth," and he has set bounds to the ambition '■■%*^,- of the mightiest monarch. "Gog '* has gone bis fuU length of conquest and of oppres* \ t^^v^'^ l^f^^ ■ • I TBS MODKBN OlUSADl. 155 Bion, and n&w he shall be stayed — for « Thus saith the Lord God : I will turn thee tack, and put hooks in thy jawi." 2. Gog shall be deprived of his conquests, %:■ Chap. 39, verse 2, "And leave but the sixth part of thee." I' In these words our attention iflj^dwecled to the immediate 'result of ^is-|Jfesent war. ^1. While the armie^^andnavies of Russia shall be defeatedr^d overthrown, -yet her nationalit^r^smill be preserved. She shall Bpt-^i^e^estroyed, but " turned hack,^ it is a remarkable feature in this war^ that, before its commencement, the Allies pledged themselves to each other and to the world, that they will receive no additional territory by the conquest of Russia J and they still avow it as their o;ily object to secfure the independency of the Turkish Empire.^ ;.::■•■'>-•'••-.■ This sole object is constantly insisted on by the British government, in all their offi- / cial acts; and that the views of France ar« • identical in this, is clearly ishown by the speech of the Emperor of EraneOi at the 156 ZU MODBAN 0BU8ADI, ^ opening of tho logislativo session, on the second of March. Upon that occasion tho Emperor said; \ ^ "Europe knOws that Franco entertains no ideas of aggrandisement; she only wishes to resist dangerous encroachments. Therefore I am proud to proclaim openly, that the time of conquest is past irrecover- ably; for it is not by (^tending its territo- rial limits that a nation can henceforth be honored and powerful; it is by placing itself at the head of generou? ideas, by making everywhere prevail tjie empire of Right and Justice." But while iho nationality of Russia win be preserved^ yet we learn from the Prophet that she will be deprived of her conquests and be confined within her own proper bounds: "I will leave but the sixth part of thee." ; -' .■: -.■/■:■; ■■/■■.■■-■■ '■■■■ IBS tdlg ICOD^K CRUSADSy been divided 'between Russil, Austria, , and l^russia.' -:-■.'■.■. ■■:■■:■•■■ ■,.■.■:■,■:■::-- ^ •-;■■,.■■■. ■ 4. Sweden; commencyig with the con- quest of Ingria and Livpnia, in the days ot Peter the Great, and continuing until the year 1809, when the entire control of the Gulf of Finland was ceded to Russia. - 5. Persia; beginning inlSOO, and ending in 1812, when large portions of Persia came under the government of the wrthom ■tyrant.- .^-V ■ ■ ^ -.:.■'.' ■■'•": ^■■■■'^"^■i\'-V These are the j>rincipal conquests of Rus- sia, and they are just jive, in number ; Rus- ' sia proper makes the siarfA part, and Jeho- vah says to 'f Gog,^ « I Jrill leaver but the sixthpart of thee." '* In the month of March last, and a few ^ays. before the declaration of war, a politi- cal pamphlet bearwig the title :" 4 Revision of the Mafi of Europe^' was printed in France, but was immediately suppressed for ' political reasons, not however before its content! were made public. • ^ This pamphlet^ is generally supposed to h ave been wr itten^by^t he Emperor of Franc e , V TW MODERN aaUSAPB* 169 himself; it is a remarkable production, and may be regarded as a most astonishing com- ment on the wprds, "I will leave but the sixth part of thee ; " as will be seen from the fblloMng extractr / : i • : *f France, in drawing the sword, demands nothing for herselfi she wishes nothing, she stands in need of iotbing. The greatness bf a country is not measured by the extent of its territory, but by the influence of its policy and the expansive force of its ideas. England, our cordial and powerful ally, does not expect anything either, as the reward of her concurrence- Like us she acts in the sense of the national tradition, but also in sense of the liberty of the world. 'VThis disinterested attitude, supported by f eiterated and solemn declaration, leavefL no doubt uppn the mind bf any ^an. JThe Western powers would only, therefore, bjQ the more authorized to raile the question of remodelling^ the^map of Europe, "^ . ^'Has not the moment cSxne for openly declaring -^hat all think and whisper below _iheir breq.th ? What illnsion does ther^ 1^ 160 THB MODBSN OBUSAIHD. *■"■* still exi3.t. in the nature of the conditions upon which Europe must dictate a diesurable and solemn peace, wMch wijiindeniiufy her for the sacrifices she is preparing to make ? « To-ida^ all eyes are opeiiied. It is by the extent of the danger that the i£eans of preventing its return i»ust be measured. It is quite clearly understood that it will not suffice to demolish the shijis and tfce ports of Eussia, but .|;hittt it is still more necessary to drive her hack f especially towards Asia^ Jgr heyo7id her actUal boundaries. •" ^ , ^It is not in her centre tiiat Russia is vulnerable, it is at her extremities; But if the blood is driven back towards her heart) she will choke. The head of the colossus is at Helsingfors, its right airm nt Warsiaw, its feet at Sebastopol. It is /then FintandfPolandf&nd the Crimea, that it is necessary to drag mt of the clutches of thei double-headed eagle. - * - " The loss of Finland is an ever-bleedin^ wound in the flank of Sweden, for glie be^d ^that fine province torn away from her piece- .jneal,4rom/whence^Russiar draws Nearly tiie / / / >''X^ I • I I ^lil liOPB&N OKtSJiJOS. lea ■t wHole of her maritime population and her timber. It is in Finland th^t the re{>risal8 of aroused Europe must commence) apd resti- tution of that country to its anf^dentykoners would be an act of policy, the prudei$(?e and justice of which none dare gainsay. A line drawn from Viborg to the Gulf <>f Onega, ould become oh that side, in the north, he extreme limit of Russia. The country of Grustavus Adolphus and of Charles XII. would resume the rank so long and so worthily occupied in the councils of Europe. ; "Ifit were possible ta restore the ancicint Polish mitionality, so ^eat an act of repor ration woulJ laaake ifcll generous hearts^ beat with pulsations of joy.' Condemned at present to the silence of the slave and to a political death, Poland would then have a place and a deliberate voice in the assem- blies of a state which has given so many l^ofs^ of religious toleration and of a'Mse spirit of progress." . The emperor proposed, that besides the . Crimea, Russia shall be compelled to restore to Turkey "the oriental shores of th e 14» 162 THB MOBEBN ORUSADX. Euxine, and the trans-Caucasian countries^ where the Russians have established them- selves to take Constantinople -in the rear; The effect of this double^restitution would he to assure the brave mountaineers of the Caucasus, who, with their own resources have c6mpeted for twenty years against the Muscovite forces/' The emperor a^s :" "Thus would be closed to Russia that road towards Persia and India which she has tracked out for her- self with so much perseverance iind zeal." No one woulS^ suppose that the Emperor of France, if he really wrote tlie above, designed his pamphlet to be a comment on the text under consideration: jret does he say of Russia, it is "Hecessary to drive her' back;" while he shews that the government views with indignation the conquests Russia has made from Jwe^ different cmtitrieSy namely, Finland Or Sweden, Poland, Turkey, Caucasus or Tartary, and.Persia; and that France and Great Britain both contemplate dragging these conquests « out of the clutches of the doubleieaded eagle." THB MODBBN O&USADB. 168 - * Surely the text, "I wiU turn thee feob and leave but the sixth part of thee," needisi no further exposition. |^ . * . A 3. Gog shall be restrained from futtire ^- agression. z-^'' -■■-■■,>:,■> \v\ -;;x ■ '."''•'..,",- *Ghap. 38 : 3. ^^^iH-tui^ thee bkt, and put hooks into thy jaws." k^ ji_^ ; ' « I will put hooks into thy jaws," has reference to the manner, of Haming, or ^ restraining, refractory beasts, as the camel or buflbld, where a ring is passed? throu^^ the npse of the animal, to which a' rope Isl ^stened, and by whi^ it is guided at. pleasure.".: , ; ■-; ^ ■, ^ . '■ :■ . - '^'- ,: .,^:>'-''"^:'-:"H.:.''$fe-, ■ '. Job, when speaking of ''leviathan," asks, « Canst thou put ftn hook into his nose ? :pr* bore his jaw through wi^ a thptn?" _^ ^ - The application of this to ou|* present . purpose, will be understood by a reference to the case of Sennacterib, 2 Kings, chap. 19, v;28y where €k)d said to that impious monarcli :"J5ecause thy rage against me ajad . thy tumult is come up into mMe ears, there- fore I will put my hook In thy nose, and |j^y — br idle in thy lips, and I will turn thee b a ck *>■ ■ 'j'i^' lU i^< M, the f9iy whkli lid, tte 36tli tr^ .,,,_^,.,_^l%ithe;,, ._ "■'i-* 'i,r&i. %,m * ;. v ,^.-%- ; >|ieyJ^er^vaa,;de||M ^Ovc^i^oir of S^^;i^l]6 1 ^d •Iras'' M^ V !l* W^ ?^ imq^f^ retrea* int<^;lus ^ \ ' . ,, :■ l^d,f *ft^:^^i^ returni^ -"intdV ■, ' .; V ; Jttd^4 W^w^Bl^r^^^ soils; "idraio^^ <* «€N>g,'*idr Bussja^ pie shall ^ibt 0% be l;|^ate|^ ^'ttirne^ reduced to ^^'[s^ » shall be put i^ into iier;«jfdfej?for slie*shall be xestraineij V from ev^r af||i fifubdipjg; ^r opjpresMg th«\ ^ ^fluwomi^mg^ Nations. ( ■■'■■■■'Mtt' > '.Tie maimer in whidi,<< hooks " ^am bo ^jrafc into ^he jaws " of ^ GofeV ig"gra|)ht x^ m^chaiK 39:8^18. The events deseiibed in ttes^ verses, althou^ near at hand, are neverthelesfi yet futurei ./ N OBUB^B. 1 'I V IK hat V ote ' red ; oh ; ^ ^.^ ^Mre Mmy disclaim .aU prophetic , ki|iwledge, we would gladly pass these ses without % single remark, if, by so ttg, ve could bring our observations to » Jsftwtory close. Bjit as this cannot be dd& while we would not dogmatise on thip ^mai^tjwewoilld nevertheless respectfully icra^ the reader*a indulgence while we . BiAmt to his consideration what appears to us: to be the nieaning of this v^ difficult part of thei prophecy. . F^rse 8. '^Behold, it is coiDft^ d saith the Lord GodV^is «« ^^ ^^ mrhieireof I have spoj^en. - v . :^ . -9. " And they that dwell ir the cities of Israel shall go forth, 'and sh^^t ®®J. ^^<^fei, aJnA3)urnt^^> weapons, both ti||w|J^'ilw^ icklers/the bowfr-And-.lKe arroWs, fcdy*^ j,nd-staves and the ipears, tod they ,11 bum tfiem with fire seven years. • I 0. " So that the/shall take no wood out > field, neither put down aw^ out of the ,s ; for 'they shall burn the weapons with fir^; and they shall s||il»bse that spbilcd: them, and rob those them, saith the Lord God." rbbed srf?*' <*\1*. '<% \ \ lee TBB HODBBH ORn0AX)B, ■■■<■■ fibre is a reference to the aocient usaga^ of burning the arms and inatruments of ' war belonging to the conquered nations. Thus we read; Joshua, chap, ll, y. 6 : "And the Lord said unto Joshua, ''Be not afraid because of them ; for to-morrow about this time will I deliver them up all slain before Israel: thou shalt hough their horses, and burn their chariots with fire." I In the present instance we certainly can^ not understand that the arms of <'Gog" shall literally supply all the " people of the land" with fuel foij^" seven years j" that would be impoi^sible ; nor does the prophet, say this. He says : "They that dwell in the cities of Israel shall burn them," i. e. the instruments of war, " seven years." Doesnot this instruct us as to the manner in which this war with "€fog" shall be ^prosecuted? And will not /the fleets and armies of the allies, by the use of steam, jiua^d in accQ^ance with the mod^^^ tactics of war, pi^ceed along the co^ts of Russia^ , burn h^i!' maritime '''towns, dismanUe Eet^ forts, destroy her navy, and hold military Bm Appiadix to ipiiMflKBttmi p«|f Ui^ v^ ^nm MODEBar cRUSiJis; W / possession of lier Btrbngbolds, for the space of ""seyen years?". :;^ ■' -^ ^v#^:i >■■■<- ^ This interpretation will sf^lir a remark- able connection in the different parts of the prophecy. For although Gog shall be de- feated and conquered, yet there is not the least hint that tVe armies opposed to him , shall invade t^^' interior of his dominions. In ftotv it is strongly intimated by the Prophef that the conflict with Russia shall be entire}/ on her frontier^' For in chap. a9, yerse 2, it is said: <e inay be .excused !'^ if we again place ^Jfoi^ beforq the eye of • the reader* *^ •4t is ^uite clearly understood that it will not suffice to aetnolis'h the ships and the porfs q/^ i^im^, but that it is still more necessai^ to drive her hackj especially m r»' ■• ^ •''. 'i bo th m towards Asia, far beyond her actual bo0nd' ariea^ a ' oc m 1.^ '1^' onff 1^ '"l^" \ SBB MODEBN O1^0^^> 169 f -^s- is tbii Finland, it i^ necessary >f the double" MU i^t ^ her eentr^^ « I vulnerable^ it ia at her ehremitiea. But if the blood is driven back towards her heart, Bhe will choke. The head of the colossus is at Hel Jfefors, its Am arm ^ ^rsaw, <- its feet at Sebastopol. Poland, and the Crimea, % to drag out of the clu ':«rlieaded eagle." '^ -_ . % S While verses 9 and 10 describe th© man. A^er in which the war shall be prosecuted tits earlieV stages, verse 11th points to % place orthe last conflict between the belli^ea)? armies. V ^ IVr 6i5 views on this we refer the reader "to,* preceding page and t(y-the remarks there made we shall acid nothing^further. Verse 12. " And seven months shall the jiouse of Israel be burying of them, that they may cleanse the land." We certainly must not understand frotn this, that the conflict in the "valley of the passengers " will be so dreadfnl, that it wiU f occupy *^1 the people of the land " « men months " to bujry the dead 1 V ..* ^70 «DB IfdDBRN OBUSABI* . This aupposition is absurd. Thb Prophet lecms to rofer to tho time the war shall continue. " Seven months '' shall be em- ployed in this war; but when the "seven months " are to commence, the Proi^hotdoes not inform us. Possibly from the declara- tion of war by the allies. But the w^r will be of " seven months " duration, and at the :termination of that period, shall the ^ mighty * power of '< Gog " be « buried," so' that it shall not again terrify and enslave the nations. And this overthrow of <^ Gog " shall take place, /^ that they may cleanse the land," that tyranny and oppression may be destroyed; and that the nations of the east may be delivered ^from the God-dishon- oring and soul-deceiving ^teaching of the corrupt hierarchy of |lussia. Verse 13. "Yea, ill the people of tho land shall bury them;k3id it shall be to them a renown the day thai I shall bo glorified, eaith the Lord God." u • Some of the European nations may hesi- tate as to what part,^ or whether they shall take any part in this dreadful war, yet in 8m Appeadis to Mooad(i41tlOB« ptf Utt. # 5 If Pt»'*«pwfe' ' 'sSfT"" Jin- . ^" TBM MODIBRN^ (i^RUSADS. '-% m the end thoy will unite; for it is written, f « all tke people of the land shall bury thetn:* It shall be to the nations who accomplish this great purpose, « a renown," and Qod thereby « shall b6^orified."^i^ But means shall bo employed to prevent the resuscitation of the po#er of Russia* „; Verse 14, « Anf old »if«^e' ''^ sqjoumer^J or passengers " iirthe laffd o^ Canaan. rV % 'h- .*--^-<^.- mif- *''M' u •CHB HOI^BBK OltVSiBB ' — — V, 178 / .?J fc^ '^, The term « ^passeiig^rs** to the text ^yi-^ dqntly means the nomadib or wanderiAg tribes in Central Aaiiar, w|io tavd becH op- pressed by Russia, but ts^W ;8h^l no^ gaili their liberty^ anct who; Shall be present '^ith and assist the diplomacy, .pf Europe in lim- iting the power of Bus^ia; orji«,B the Pi*o- , phet expresses it, in putting " hoof^ into the jaws" of "Gog." For sojrcads the. 'text: ,f^ And men of continuance they bhafl^ sever, passing through the 4and, tobmf]^^ with the passengers those who 'remain upon ; the face of the earth, to o *i -i^r •- ♦> 174 <■> THB IIODESBT eRUSADB, east of raising ft." heap " of stones over tho , grave of a person who had been murdered : ' when each traveller as ho passes layi aji additional stone upon the " heap;^^ 3 Kingi^ 23:17, "What is the title^ ViW 'ffa- tziuHy the heap, that I see? ' And the men of the citjr told him, /r is the sepulchre of the mail of Ctod, which came from Judabi" The "passengers," or tribes of Tartary; wheh they shall see a "man's bone," or when they shall find other people whq^ike themselves have been oppressed by the northern tyrant, shall " set up," (margin, shall build up,) « a sign by it; " shall repre- sent the case of that oppressed people in the great council of nations, until their wrongs are. redressed and they are jnade, free. We are here taught to expect ash the • result of this present war, thctt nation after nation, and tribe after tribe, shall be ^^ ■ \. ■..^,',v ■■■• -r.^- ■■ /:=■■,#;■•«-.■. ;.:.;.. ■:.■/..,■■ ' 176 1^ Imoyr that Idm the Lord, t^ Holy One in iarael." Verse 13 : <* And it shall be to Hmn a renown, the day that I shall be glori- fied, saith the Lord God." Verse 14: "To bury with the passengers those that remain upon the face of the earth/^to cleanse it.*' These expressions are certainly not acci- dental, but are designed to show ns the religious character of this war ; or, ^ferhapEf we may say with more proWiety, the effect it shall have upon religion* Bussia has long boasted of her Ghristianity, an^ it is now declared by the Czar, as ai reason for the present war, that he is " combatting far ihe Orthodox Faith," But Je^hoyah de- nounces the religion of Gog, or Etifdia, to be spurious and contaminating ; and^^ w^^ he engages i» a crusade in order Jo proptf* gate hl» errors, " the ifost High," who " rulcth in the kingdom of men,, and ^iveft it Uf whomsoever he will,'^ will ov^rrulci Ids purposes, frustrate Ms elpectaj^onS) destroy his power, demonstrate hi« i^or-, ance, cleanse his lapd of its doi^^raliz^ iheolf/gy and its &emi-heafcbft|i worship, aiid ^■^'<- i^oK r/' IAA ■ ' '' ■ ^i/^t^ %v "1^ ^-^< THB MOBBBN OEUSADB. 177 mn introduce therein the true principles of our holy Christkrtiity, and the free circulation of the Book o^ God. e $ixihs of" her j^ssessions, >i»' r ^ JOL* , * •^ y. •'■inm/n^^'T^'V^^^'""'^'^"' \ H iDBRlr 0BTJSAl>9. ihe 178 other natiUBp6u$ by her remaining "««ar^&* dlie J^ill c6nl||^ ^x^ independent nation. Th^ Emperor*' of France has declared : "irance, in drawing the sword, ^marids ythmgy^ hei^selfi she wishes nothing ; ^je #tSi3s^>tteed of nothing.) Englan^^ dur icordial and powerful ally? does not expect anything either as the reward of her concurren6'&*J The Emperor afterwards adds: "/^ is neeei^ary to drive- her ^ Russia, jBadfc!!^„ T^^ Mncidence of expression, as Vsed by the,. Fpophet and: by tho Umperbr, is 60 Remarkable that it must strike every But some may ask, if Turkey is jiireserved in her extent of empire, will not fo* Mo- hammedanism reta"f d, if .it does iBipt ^tg- vent altogether, the evangelization^^ dt Jhe natibns under her cpntror? To this we reply : we think the Moham* inManism of Turkey will not- continue much longer; but however long it majr continue, in tiie end it will most certainly be de- •stroyed. When we speak of the /* preserva- ,/tioBo£ Turkey," we do not m^ ^o^*m- vt <\ 6 i 'W ^-f1 y*t *^ ^L '>■'%., -n , \ r. V \ 41 ' ;,W 1 1/ f T ■ '; " . ^\ ri«aMd^m\w* Turtoy in her PoWticalohw. l^arkcy-tJwUusiacrea an4 Pv«g tjher Bubictfts,M,8y has already done; Ml l«berty will materijtl^ prfitoote ^he co.^f *«*" f ; 1 world. , *6r in countries P^reWg- medan,a8 mM in countries, purely heaven, P,otc tant AvU,n«ttho*eeorr^^^^^ of Christianitjr to fcontond^with, that.it tos in those- <5hutchW, where the PW or. fte G^rek Chur--^ ,^ ,'^l/^ of Bighte<«isnes9 -appears, "orient; and tto long deluded devotees .pf the &lse prophet wiU receive the light of- pure <^'^'^^-^- It is to a wry .few years ««f J'^'^ff . began to. dawn r^n^\^ Tnrfash Bm^, and it is only, since the present strtt^le commenced,-th||Chri3tiM9 in that cornitr^ <4 ~T r::^ W^'^^ :■ \ ■■\ 180 • : \ THE MODERN CRUSADB/ \/ were placed on cqiiftl grounds with t]^ir liohammedan fellow-subjects, yet it is truly surprising to see the progress Christian truth has made, and the effect it has already produced upon the public mind. ; A correspondent at Cqnstantinoplfe has made the following statement, which has appeared in the " London Ghristian Times," as well as in several other religious periodicals: . "The spread of Bible truth has for the last twenty years in Turkey been suck that it is imt)o&sible for me to believe that God is now about to give his work up to the destroyer* :■■■'';■■ ■■■.■■"' -" "A distinguished Christian traveller from England, i-ecently put the question to th# American missionaries here, (Constantino pie,) whetheif the statement made by Mrw Layard in Parliament, that there are mot% ihAn forty towns and villages in Turkey in which are Protestant congregations, is strictly true. „ "This led to the writing down a list of names of place s^ and tiie cheering %ct was -.» r^ THIB MODBR» CRUSADB. ^ ^ Ml ■-..■■', ■;■•'.' "■ . ■ ■ ;'■,"■' ■' ■ .'■'■%■; '• estabiishea, that in more than /(/ly-<«fl«*. aad villages in the empire; there are Pro^ ^tant Assemblies for Divine worBh.|,.au every Lord's day. . a _ ^. "The largest of these congregatidns is that at '< Aiivtab," about three days nbrth- east from Aleppo; whei^e there ^ arc Jore ,. than seven hundred Protestants : the smallest .may perhaps not number more Jhiwi three or four souls. " " ', ' , « But in all these different pla<;es, the word of God has entered, aiid souls are found ^ho, we may hope, are his spiritual worship. pers. And besides these, who have openly avowed themselves ^s Protestants, risking ,11 the consequences, there are known to bo *ftousa«*.among the Armenians, in the cap- ital and throughout the interior of Turkey, who are really Protestant in sentimenV though not yet sufficiently moved by reli- gious truth to impress them to take an open Btand for the Gospel, before t^world. « Now may we «ot reasonably ho^ that all this preparation, is to be followed by. a '■: (ilorious c■■'* r'"'^ "i- :' '"''iiS^^ .*v . '. « ' ■' ^ . • ,. 1 \ •> \ ' " ■ ■ ■ ■ ' - ■ .' •■ « "^^ •" . ■; ■ , , , / ' ' " , „ . ■, " ' ' * ■ ■ ; "' ' ' " ., '.'■•. ! " *• • - ^ , , ' * . , " ■ ,' ' t .' ' ' , ' '■' . ■ • . ■ •,„«.. .■', . , •. . ■'■ ■ ' ■.!'••'.■ ' ■ • * ' ■'■•■■ ■'"."'■•ii* ■ ' : ,., ■ ' • . . 'V .,; ■ <"-k' ' <■ '■ ■■'■ ■ * -V , *>• • 1 ■.' *' ; - . ■ . . : • ' '■■'■ ■■' •,'.'■' '\ • , - . •• ■ ;. • " ■ r '. ■ /» . .'.'■■■ ;■ ' ■ . • . /■■ ^ ■ . ■• • , ^.:-- ■ • .■■ . ■ • c ' ' »'■.■•■,■■■ • ' • • ■.'',■ . ,v ' .' '■' »• ' ,■■ ■■^. •,/ ,."'-■■■■-' ' ' % • '■ ' ■ ' .-■■ ■ "•■ ■■.: ■ . ' '. ■ ,-J . ., ■ ■ . ' • .^ ■ ■ ■• ;■ ■, ■ r . '. ■ ..A: : ■'■•."■■".:'■. K ' » . ■ ' .'•.■■ ■ . t ' " . » . ■. . i • . . • ■ ' ■, ".:. -<> ^^ * . ' ^^^^^^ ■» .'■..• ■•*,-' ^^^^^^^ ■ ■ . • ' ' . * « ^^^^^^^^^ » ■■ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^r • ( , ^^^^^r r" "v^ • * ' ^^^^^^^Kr ^^^^^^ ... •' ' •• ' ' J': > ^ • i ■ » ■^ n » ■ - , . - - •' . . ,, ■' . \ - ' ' ? • > , ' ■ ' t * ' • ■ '' ' ' * i / . ■£ - » • . ^f ■ ,. '-': " ■ .V ' » , t A / y »» ^ # ■ • ' t ' 1 • f , ■ ^ y. "».^' c f : - t r> * J ^p '# .«^ *■ " *• -, "^ / » •^ MKRooorr MsounioN mir cnart (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART' No. 2) ' «(, / I.I [M IM IM 1^ l££ WUift 2.2 116 L4.0 Hnl: H In 2.0 1.8 I 1.6 ^ ^^PPUED IIVHGE ( _r^ 1653 East Main . ^ RochMtcrr, New York nc I? 16) 482-0300 Straet 14609 Phon* USA 716) 288 - 5989 - For 184 *»•• THE MODBBN 0RU8ADB. principle and Cl^ristian truth, Russia, a great nominal Christian power has been recreant to the spirit of the Gospel, and is decidedly antichristian in her practice. She has inter- dicted the circulation of' the Book of God, and banished Christian teachers from^ her land; she has suppressed all ideas of civil and religious liberty among her subjects, ' and has placed them under the ban of per- --v petual ignorance '^ andfjiot satisfied with the evil she has done at home, she has at length, commenced a crusade to the west, where she contemplates first to subdue, and then to in- volve the nations in that direction in the same tangible- moral darkness, and place them under the same despotic rule that she has the nations of the south and of the east. But her << double-headed eagle" has soared high enough, and has flown far enough ; the circle of her flight must now be circum- scribed : her star Ms long * been in the / ascendant, but at length it has reached ife meridian altitude ; it culminates j it will soon descend with fearful velocity, and by the concussion it shall sustain it will be broken %• / .W' '.,/■ ^ TOB MODBBK CRUSADB. ?^ / in pieces, and a fragment oriyjj^ main. Gog stall thus be humbled; Je ^b wai thus be glorified: for^ he ^ . « cleanse the land," and ^-^ Ut Jkem, Dollute his holy name any '"•'f- . .^ '^ Md while the Colossus of the norA wai lose his hold of the '«it«"»«'. "TJ^ house of- Togamah," so lo-g f«^f J^^ the blasphemous doctnnes of t^e Mse nropliet of Mecca. will receive the^trutb, ff ^lightened thereby, they wdl cast wJMohammedanyoke. Mohamm^-. , fem itself must perish for it is written, Ifittd the sixth angel potlred out ta^ .f^upon the great ri^e' Euphrates^ and ■the water thereof was dried up, that -the v^^^the kings -of the east mi^ S^ea:- Andat these things the hea^- * ShaU be astonished, the enemies^of tnrtt bTconfounded, the church ^'^U^rejoice, Sdlie Lord God^ shall be honored among ^^ judgment that Ihave e«^ted, and if- 186 XHB MODBRlf ORUSADl. y ^. Terse 22. "So the house bf Israel BhaU know that I am the Lord their God from that day and forward." --: APPENDIXy The followbjf communicfttion by Bev. Mr.' Davis, a BMtist f2^v?i?5 < Ya^^ N. S.. was ^dressed to the edf&re of .«W.:*»Chri8tiwi Messenwr." (Halite N.S.,) and was pub- lished m that paper of May 4th. And as it contains a full analysis of the views expressed in the foregoing work, ft is here inserted as affording to the reader indubitable evidence that these conclusions were not reached by the aid of the aumerous conflnnatory events that have recently transpired, but are the result of a careful and critical examination of the Jw^o'^s htey! *^'*" "^ *^''^*^*" P~P^'*'y *^ *^^ "«^^^ BxAB Brethben, ■ While I write, ^ telegraphic^diqwteh luinoimces the fonnal declaration of war against knssia hy llijg^d and France. The dreadful tragedy of the East thickens. What will he the end thereof ? The Q^d of ProTidence and the head of the church knows, and edlmly contemplates the workmg out of his own schemes of vengeance aud of love We have just had a remarkahle lecture delivered among us onthis suhject, hy the Rev. Wm. Wilson, our Wesieyan minister. He finds this whole contest foretold in the prophecy against Gog, Ezek. 38, 39. Let me giye you his scheme in a few words. c ] t ( ') < 1 if '■■■■' ■■.■'• "'" ■;. ' ; f ■ ■ ■■ y' ill .V ■ - .» >m " • '. ■' 1 tist r-. •I APPENDIX, 187 I, Here are ihe INVADERS in *ihi8 war. h Ch. 38, 2. Ail my references \fill bo to tbik dbapter, unless notice be given to the contiaiy. Bishop Newcome thus renders the verse before us :— »* Son of man, set thy face against Gog of the land of Magog, prince of Ehos, Mesech ana Jubal, and prophecy against him." Herf^ we have according to our lecturer, the ancient Scythians and modern Russians, Muscovites, and peoplt of Tabols^. These are the invaders. II. TheiNVASioN. \^ « It is upon " the house of Togarmah ofi the north quarter." Hero we have the ancient Turcomani, and the modem Turks j particularly thib Turks set- tled in Etirope. True, according to jbhe pointing of our version, we have Togarmah associated with Meshech and Tubal. But this is thought to be an error. Place the period at the end of y. 4, and you have the pomting of the Hebrew, and it is thought, the true pointing, distinguishing between the Rus- rians spoken of v. W, and Turkey and her allies, spoken of V. 5, 6. Of these allies more hereafter. But tlus invasion, after all, is said more especially to be "agwnst the mountains of Israel— my people of Israel— the land of Israel." WeU, does not Tur- key hold Palestine? Would not Russia like to grasp it ? Has there not in fact been much said nbout this y«ry land, and about Jerusalem, in past -''mf'' 188 4PPWDIX. negotiations tetiT^n Turkey and Bussia ? Besides, may yfo not take Israel here in a large spiritua sense ; a sense common in the Bible, and not qncom- mon in Ezokiel? And does not the (W hist and bum to intermeddle with thoxprogress of Protestant Missions in Turkey and the East? Is not this very warfare set on foot just as much for the purposes of spiritual despotism as for any other? Surely the true Israel,^Israel after tte Spirit, is latgely interested . here. Let the Czar triumph, and what would be- come of liberty, of Christian Missions,, of the pros- pects of the Jews for their return to theit Qwn laild ? for which last event many good peoplp are looking, and the problem respecting which inll perhaps be jplved ere long. •Considerations like these serve to give probability to the extended interpretation of the word Mael iitthe case before u», for which ^ur lep- turer contended^ 7 ' *■' The timeot ^e invasion is indSpated v. 8, by tjhe phrase" the latter years ;" and again, v. 16, " ihe latter days /* which years and dayr^seem not yet to have arrived, unless wo are even now upon them. The manner of the invasion is marked jr* 10, 11. Could anything bfe more sti^irig?^ IVhence comes this war, but from tlie ** mischievous purpose" (marg. V. 10.) of Nicholas ? And did he not begin it by Ifcealing across the Truth when/io one was prepared for it, as though he thought he had nothing to do but APPBNDIX. 189 / ' tb"Bpoiltbo spoil, and to prey the prey?" (marg. T. 120 In V. 8, 12, the Lecturer pointed out many coincidences between the land ppoken of hy the prophet and iMrkey, which I cannot pretend to de-^ taU, hut which all' went marvellously to strengthen ■ his position. .:,;. ,- '■''■i ■■'■', ''^ '-^f I ■ HI. The motivbS of the invasion* /j ^ These have been hinted at, but musit be more dis- tinctly noted. They are avowedly religious. And really so, as we have just seen ; though certainly in nogoodsense. But they are pre-en/men^y ambitious. Arethey not described. v. 13 ? /Plea^ turn to it. Here, if I rememHer rightly, Sheba represents Egypt; Dedin, in a large sense, to be explained just now,^^ ^ Persia. And " themerchants of Tarshish," or "the* traders on.the sea^' the rendermgof the Chaldee, as bishoiKi^ome tells us, what are these merchants^ but 4© British? As to the ** young lions,^* what are they bul; the lions of England borne aloft in her standard? And as to the expostulation contained in V this verse, what can c^e nearer to it than Lord .Clarendon in the house/f Lords, that Russia wanted Wahchia, Moldavia, Constantinople, and that her© lay the true motive of her onslaught. j IV* the HELPBKS of Turkey. These vroto^ 6- Take Persia"m a mde sense* for iho ancient Persian empre, extenmng "fiom Ma'^en to Ethiojna^ you includ«J 'f •.-♦ .■ i .' V. 1 .■ * 190 APPBNDnr. Asia Minor, or tbo modem Turkey in Asia; EtJbi- opia is Egypt Libya includes the new French colony of Algeria. These all help in this great coii- flict. But the bands of Gomer are the gfedi helpenv... And what are these? Why Gomet is the ancestor both of England and of France. What further el- position is needed ? ^ V. The coNfLiCT. -; ;^ This is to be beyond measure awful. We have seen only skirmishing compared with what is to come. > Listen to our prophet, v. 19, 20. Sir Charles Kapier, when a^bout to take charge of the Baltio fleet intimated the s6lemnity of the position in which he felt himself placed. All that we know about the movements of the bolHgerent powers, and about the position of the European powers who as yet stand aloof from the conflict, leads us to look for nothing but " terrible things in righteousness." VI. Hie RESULT. Gog shall be utterly overthrown, v. 4, ch. 89. 2-4. Where ? In " the valley of the passengers on the east of the sea." And where is this? There is the great valley down which flow the Don and Volga, down which Russia marches her troops to the scene of the present conflict, the grand passage way of Russia— EASTWARD of the Black Sea. Driven * back firom the Danube, Russia may^^petreat to this valley; there make her final stand, and^sustain her :■.<■ 1 . ■ ■ > v/ APPBNDIX* 191 Mil. inch Btor ■ 'i deciEivo defeat. And then |fi»y Be fiilfiUod tho prophecy of ch. 89. 11-20. 1?he conseq[ucn ■>.J '■""' APPENDIX TO SECOND.^ EDITION. V Thb cholera has preyaUed in both cao^ps to a fearful ex- • tent during the •ummer. — page 128. I The flrtt signal iuccees of the allies was in the " left hand," for Bomarsuiid fell on the 16th of August. The next triumph was in the " right hand of Russia," for the Anglo-French forces landed on the Crimea on the I4th of September; and, on the 20th of the same month was fought the great battle of the Alma, when the imperial armies of Russia were put tp anignomiAiousflight.— page 129. v. The Russians call this region the " ywoAaia Pmakd\" which signifies the " Mghvalhjf." Malte-Urun'B Geographjf. —page 139. The war has hitherto only been prosecuted by the allies on the sea coasts.— page 166. Sebastopol is the seat of Russian power in the sputh, and if it has fallen on or near the 28th of October, it will be a remarkable fact; for war was declared against Russia by France and England on the 28th of March, which is "seven mmuKs*' to the 28th of October ; and while the destruction of that almost impregnable fortress is not liliely to termi- nate the war, yet will it inspire courage as to the result of that dreadful conflict on the " Vallei/ qf the Paesengen,** which Is still to take place. -»- page 170. • While I Write this, a telegraphic message has been re- cMved in this town, via New York,^whibh states that the bombardment of Sebastopol has commenced, but its fall is not yet announced on this side of the Atlantic. ■ ■..:^ ^^ ■■.■;■•;■-■■'■ W. WilJOK. ■; Yarmouth, N. S., NoY."2l, 1864. ; 'mmm^^ * ■ .* ' \ >>N ■*'*~?»" \ i I *, xy ( . IT \^-iM^^^ * T- J. K • ■ 3? .\ ' ' ''»-- ■■'X--'"'. ■f'^ '■• '•''^, • .* ', ■.,V 1 . ' *,' ', ) t'- ,, -y ■' ^ '• ' -». '* 1 ■ -* . •,.'.' 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