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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. srrata to pelure, >n d D 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Li i m i '^ -^'*%r:^^%i [ THE JESUITS; CONTAINING 1— Origin and History o^ the Jesuits. 2— Principles and Aims of tlie " Corn- pany of Jestas." 3 Immoral teacViing of the Jesuits. 4r Condentnations of the Order. 5- Expulsions of the Jesuits. 6— Bull of Pope Clement XIV, abolish^ ing the Society. 7— The Jesuits' Estates Act. 8— APPENDIX, Containing the Articles ok Capitulation, Treaty of Paris, XIV ClEORciE ML, Cah. 83, &c:. , &c. , BY PRINCIF'AI. AUSXIN, A. NI., B. D., or Alma College. Vg)(9\» PRICE, 15 CENTS. % Ori THE JESUITST THEIR Origin, History, Aims, Principles, immoral Teach- iNG, their Expulsions from various Lands AND Condemnations by Roman Catholic AND Protestant Authorities, with THE BRIEF OF POPE CLEMENT XIV. ABOLISHING THE SOCIETY, AND A CHAPTER ON THE. JESUITS ESTATES ACT, BY PRINCIPAL AUSTIN, A. NI., B. D., ■. < \ OF Alma College. ST, THOMAS, ONT. TIMES BOOK AND JOB PRINTING MOUSE. 1889. I— Origin and History of tlu Josolts. Ignatius Loyola, founder of the "Company of Jesus," was the youngest son of Beltran de Loyala, and was born in 1491 at the Castle of Loyola, the family seat in the Provice of Guipuscoa, Spain. He died at Rome July 31st, 1556, was beatified by Paul V, in 1609 and canoniz- ed with Francis Zavier by Gregory XV. on May, 13th, 1623, the bull being published by Urban VIII. on August 6th. Don Inigo de Loyola, brave and accomplished but unversed in letters, whilst serving his country as a soTdier, was ^ ounded in a battle with the French at the siege of Pampeluna, 1521. Sent by his chivalrous captors to his father's castle he was induced to wile away the tedium of his hours by reading the legetds of the saints, jmd by these he was induced to devote himself to a religious life. Visiting Montserrat he made a vow to the Virgin, and after practising some austerities at Manrcsa, he proceeded to Rome, Venice and Jerusalem. Returning he studied at Barcelona — thence in 1526, to the university of Alcala, where he began to gather a little band of fellow-workers about him. Suspected and imprisoned for a time by the Inquisition, he migrated to Salamanca, where he was again impris- oned. He reacheu Paris in 1528, and entered the College of St. Barbara, where in his sixth yeai of residence ke attempted the organ- ization of the most promising of the young men. In 1534, he and six others in the crypt of Notre Dame de Montmartre took their vows to one an-ther and to the sort of life they contemplated, or to direct service of the pope should the former prove impracticable. The exe- cution of their plans was postponed till January, 1537. In 1535, Loyola left Paris for Spain, where he remained a few months, thence to Venice. In 1537 he and his comrades were ordained priests at V-^nicCjintending to go as missionaries to Jerusalem; but, war breaking out between Turkey and Venice, the leaders went to Rome, and others to the chief towns of North Italy where they began work as home missionaries. At this time Loyola abandoned the idea cf an eastern mission, and determined that the "Company of Jesus" should become a special militia to the pope, or, as he expressed it, to Paul III., the "Light Horse" of the Church army. At a committee of Cardinals had reported to the pope in 1538 that the conventual orders were a scandal to Christendom, and should be abolished — "abolendos putamus onines" — the time seemed favorable for securing papal influence to the new Order. Accordingly, the papal bull was issued on the 27th of September, 1540, confirming the Order, but limiting its membership to 60. In 1541 Loyola was chosen Superior. The members wer^ ji][^iT^ediately dispatch§4 by the 119705 pope on secret missions, principally to Ireland to encourage the native clergy in resisting the changes wrought by Henry VIII., and to Ger- many to oppose the Reformation . The pope continued to favor them by giving them power to alter their own statutes, exemptmg from the ordinary duties ot the priesthood and from the task of hearing confes- sions of nuns, though Loyola strongly insisted on the duty of accept- ing the post of confessor to kings, queens, and women of rank when the opportunity offered. The founding of the CoUegio Romano and a f^esh confirmation by the pope took place in 1550. When Loyola died in 1556 there were 45 professed fathers, 2,000 members, and more than 100 colleges and houses in twelve provinces. Laynez, who succeeded Loyola as Superior, had a struggle with the pope, who tried to enforce the recitation of the breviary upon the society and reduce the Superior's term of office to three years. The pope was defeated in both respects, whilst Laynez succeeded in adding four clauses to the constitution : that ! the General only can make contracts binding the Society ; that he can authoritatively gloss and interpret the rules and laws; can enact new and ' repeal old laws, and may have prisons for the punishment of refractory members. He died in 1564, leaving the Society established in 18 , provinces, with 130 colleges, and was succeeded by Francis Borgia, who ] obtained from Pius V. a bull not only confirming all preceding privi- \ leges, but declaring that these privileges so granted should never be revoked by the Holy See. It was under his rule that the counter Reformation first attained prominence, which reached its highest tide tinder Claudio Acquaviva, 1581 to 1615. This was the special work of the Jesuits. During his reign the ev'l reputation of the Society eclipsed its good report; the pope turned against it ; "they were driven from fkigland once in 158 1, and again in 1601 as conspirators against the \\fc of. Queen Elizabeth* and later again for their share in the Gunpowder Plot ; from France as accomplices in the attempt of Chatel to assassinate Henry IV.; and from Antwerp, as havitig resisted the pacification of Ghent." — Encvclo. Brittan. Henry IV permitted themtoretu^n in 1603 under conditions, but as Sully hfts recorded for us, he declared his only motive to be the expediency of • not driving them into a corner and so inducing them to murder him. They Were expelled from Venice in x 606 for siding with PaulV, when he placed the city under interdict. Gregory XIV confirmed all existing privileges to the Society and give them power to expel members with- out any form of trial. This pope also denounced excommunication against any one save the pope or his legates who directly or indirectly ^ ififrfinged the constitutions of the Society. At their first centenary in , 1639 there were 36 provinces, 800 houses and 15,000 Jesuits. The next | Century witnessed their great controvefsy with and victory over the Jansen- | itsythe rebellion against Phillip IV of Spain powerfully aided by them | which placed the Duke of Braganzaonthe the throne of Portugal and | gave them almost exclusive civil and ecclesiastical control of that King- | 3pro /or .ft century. They glided the policy of Louis XIV, through ^ the native d to Ger- ivor them from the ig confes- of accept- nk when ano and a )yola died nore than succeeded to enforce Superior's respects, tion : that lat he can ct new and " refractory hed in i8 orgia, who ding piivi- 1 never be le counter ighest iide lal work of :ty eclipsed Iriven from against the re in the I attempt twerp, as . Brittan. 3ut as Sully jediency of irder him. il V, when all existing ibers with- [nunication indirectly ntenary in . The next thejansen- 1 by them }rtugal and that King- /, through their confessors and sided with him against the pope. They forced the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and continued their war against Jansenism until the very walls of Port Royal were dem- olished in 1710, and the bodies of the holy dead were taken up and flung with insults to dogs. At a great council in Lima they decided it inexpedient to require any acts of christian devotion from South Amer- can converts save baptism, except under greatest precautions, and in China their missionaries allowed converts to continue in their idola- trous rites. During this century too, they abandoned their system of free education that had won them so much influence and honor, attach- ed themselves almost exclusively to the interests of courts and became a great tracing firm with branch houses in the leading countries of the world. Benedict XIV in a brief in 1741 denounced them as "disobed- ient, contumacious, captious and reprobate persons." Two other bulls in 1 742 and 1 744 striking at their continued insubordination did net save them from banishment from China 1753. They were responsible for the rebellion in Paraguay 1754. F. Lavalette, the Jesuit adminis- trator of Martinique, a 'daring speculator failed for 2,400,000 francs ruining some of the chief commercial houses of France. Ricci the gen- eral of the Jesuits repudiated the debt and was sued by the creditors. Lcsingjhe appealed to the Parliament of Paris and in the suit the"constitu- tions" of the Jesuits were brought in as evidence. The first publication of these constitutions raised a storm of indignation against the Society. A Royal Commission was appointed and anassembly of 5 1 archbishops con- voked who decided that the unlimited authority of the general was in- compatible with the laws of France and demanded a resident vicar sub- ject to the laws. Ricci then replied : sint ut sunt, aut non suit, let them be as they are or not be. They were suppressed in 1764 and banished from France 1767. In 1773 Pope Clement XIV in a brief (given al- must entire in this pamphlet) dissolved and abolished the society for- ever. He also threw Ricci into the piison of Angelo where he died in 1775. In 1775 Pope Clement died and it has been hotly debated ever since whether poison administered by the Jesuits was the cuuse of his death. The bishop of Pistoria, Scipio do Ricci and Cardinal Bernis directly charged the Jesuits with poisoning him, and the report of the Spainish minister to the Court of Madrid contains the fact tl\it the di^te of the pope's death was predicted beforehand. The pope's " physician, Salicetti, denied that the body showed signs of poisoning. \Vhw*n sup- pressed they had 41 provinces, 22,589 members and 11,295 priests. In 1814 the pope again restored them to corporate existence, revoking the brief of pope Clement XIV. And thus we have the censure of one sup- reme infallible Pontiff speaking from "certain knowledge" and "with plenary authority" neutralized by an equally peremptory sentence of approbation from another supreme and infallible Pontiff! Their fre- quent expulsions from European and other countries are left almost unnoticed here being given in tabular form in another section. "By their very constitution, as well as genius of the order a spirit of liction and intrigue is infused into all its mcmbcrs-"RonERTSON. An F.ng lish satirist has said of them : they were tempted to serve God with the help of the Devil" and a French wii has declared that the Jesuit Con- fessors had "lengthened the Creed and shortened the Decalogue." Their is no doubt that they are now the supreme order in the Roman Catholic Church and that since the publication of the Vatican Decrees their influence with the pope has been predominant. They have won re- peated victories in Quebec over the Gailican party and hjive succeeded, in opposition to seven of the ten R. C. bishops of that province, in se- curing incorporation in 1887, and the $400,000 grant with the Laprairie Common in 1888. Their influence in Dominion affairs is readily seen in the recent vote in the Commons at Ottawa when the vast majority on each bide of politics hastened to pay homage to the solid following controlled by Jesuits in acknowledgementof a very slender moral claim — a claim repudiated in toto by the Legislature of Quebec in 1873. There can be no doubt that their powerful and sinister influence in local and Dominion politics is the one dark cloud upon our country's horizon, and that earnest, united and successsful resistance to Jesuitic aggression on the part of all friends of free institutions is the paramount duty of the hour. II.— Principles aod Aims of the " Company of Jesus." nd de ubjec No one who has studied the origin and history of the Jesuits can^onsci for a moment doubt that as sworn vassals of the pope their ultimate its up aim is the overthrow, by methods either fair or foul, of every form of religion but the Roman Catholic, the complete crushing out of civil and religious freedom, and the absolute subjection of every individual and every state to the will of the Roman Pontiff. By deception reduced f the uprer Pa PSO F to a fine art, by conduct so fully in accord with the teaching of their ■ inder fathers that the term '* Jesuit " has become synonymous with trickery Elizab and jugglery, by spiritual terrorism of princes and subjects, by intrigues Cabrit with politicians, by barter of political support in return for lands and iiemb money, and by other methods by no means over scrupulous but fully just- ified by the teachings of their doctors, the society has pursued its dream of world-wide conquest for the Papacy. They have ever been and, whilst they sincerely hold the views they do, must ever be, the inveterate foes of all free institutions, the enemies of freedom of thought, speech and conscience in the individual and of freedom to the state. By a vicious mode of training in early life, by the principles of casuistry that distin- guish their order, and by tlu false teachings of their creed, they have so exalted the idea of the church and so minim-zed the idea of man that human freedom is in their view no longer possible nor desirable, and volv Irived ith, the attei hole this had Ividei e sc ;oN. An F.ng jod with the Jesuit Con- Decalogue." the Roman aving endowed the pope with the divine attribute of infallibility it seems inly reasonable that all the earth should be made subject to his fiat, ilinded by the errors of their teaching and oblivious to the growth of livilization, thesociety has ever tried to bring the world back tomedieval- sm, stop the rising tides of p/ogress and keep the mind and heart of J e paramount can Decrees j^g world in leadmg chains to the See of Rome. Requiring of each have won re- rngnnbera vow of blind obedience to the general, a vow that sacrificea B succeeded, g^gQ^ and even conscience and makes the member a mere niece of vince, m se- ^^^ j„ ^j^g hands of his superior, " a staff in the hands of an old man " ~^?P^*''^'® hey have demoralized man to exalt a society, readily seen r^j^g „ Company of Jesus " has ever been distinguished by the most r^* f"ii "'^ xtrenie views of the rights and authority ot the Papacy on the one lid followmg ij^j^jj^ Qjjj Qf ^j^g means by which it was allowable to maintain them on loral claim ^ j^g other. Since their origin no view of papal rights or powers, no new • fl^ • f °8™* tending to exalt the pope, no curtailment of human liberty by mfluence in j^p^j decree, has ever been too extreme for the Jesuit to accept and )ur country s ^force. Indeed some of these extreme doctrines such as infallibilty, e to Jesuitic ^maculate conception, right of the pope to temporal power, power to ibsolve from civil allegiance, right to depose kings and princes, the free- |iom of clerics from civil authority, the inferiority and subjection of the tate to the church, are either the special production of Jesuitism or he doctrines of which the Jesuits have been the special defenders, herever you find, therefore, the most extreme and absurd claims of the hurch of Rome you find Jesuits the authors or defenders. Listen to he pretentious claims of the pope as voiced by Cardinal Manning jind defended by all Jesuits : " I acknowledge no civil power. I am the ubject of no prince. I claim to be the supreme judge and director of the onsciences of men, of the peasant that tills the fields, of the prince that its upon the throne, of the household that lives in the shade of privacy, { the legislator that makes laws for kingdoms. I am the sole, last preme judge of what is right and wrong." Paul IV. claimed ex cathedra that princes falling into heresy are so FACTO deposed, deprived of all right of governmv^nt and brought nder sentence of death. Pius V. confirmed this, deposed Queen lizabeth and released her subjects from their vow of allegiance. by intrigues Gabriel Vasquez, one of the earliest of the Jesuits, says : " If all the jr lands and iiembers of the royal family are heretics, anew election to the throne volves upon the state. For the king's successors could be justly de- irived of the kingdom by the pope. Because the preservation of the ith, which is of greater importance, requires that it should be so. But the kingdom were thus polluted, the pope, as supreme judge in atters of faith, might appoint a Catholic king for the good of the hole realm and might place him over it by force of arms if necessary." this were a solitary example among the writings of the Jesuits, or if had ever been repudiated by them, or if there were not repeated idences in history of such views predominating among the members of e society, it might be considered unfair to hold the Jesuits responsible as. Jesuits can Heir ultimate very form of out of civil y individual tion reduced ing of their vith trickery )ut fully just- ed its dream srbeen and, he inveterate ught, speech By a vicious ' that distin- they have so of MAN that jsirable, and I ! II 8 therefor. B?Msenbaum and Lacroix affirm : A man who has been excommunicated by the pope may be killed anywhere, as Filutius Escobar and Deaux teach. Emmanuel Saa, a Portuguse 'Jesuit, taught : '* The rebellion of an ecclesiastic against the king is not a crime of high treason, because he is not a subject of the king.'' I Let tl e defenders of Jesuitism show if they can some reputable ' authority in that society who has denounced these monstrous doctrines, Let them point out tlie doctors among the Jesuits who have taught loyalty to government and civil liberty and equality. If they cannot, let them be silent when the Jesuit order is arraigned as disloyal and treasonable. Ill— Immoral Teaching of tlie Jesuits. Gretser, a man of mark among the Jesuits, the historian of the first 1 one hundred ye irs of their history, declares : — i "The members of the Society are dispersed through every corner of the World distinguished by as many nations and kingdoms as the earth has intersections; but this is a division arising from diversity of place, not of opinion, a difference of language, not oiajfedion, a dissimilarity of countenance, not oi morals. In this association the! Latin thinks with the Greek, the Portuguese ivith the Brazilian, the Irishman with the Sarmatian, the Englishman with the Belgian, and among so many diffierent disposi- tions there is no strife, no contention, nothing which affords opportunity of discovering that they are w(7r£ Mrt« ^;/f. The same r/fj^'//, the same manner oj life, the same ««;Vi«^z'(?w combine them." They also directly appeal to writings as the source whence their sentiments on all subjects are to be learned. In defending his Order against the assaults of its foes Gretser exclaims: "There are many theological worki written by the doctors of the Society. We profess the same doctrine in a vast number o) places, ho\.\iprivately and publicly in the schools. It is not from obscure description? that an opinion of the doctrines of the Jesuits can be formed, but from their books, which, by the blessing of God, are already very numerous." It is further to be notic- ' ed that no Jesuit was allowed to publish a work until it hr ^ undergone the inspection and received the imprimatur of the Superior. A regulaiion was passed by Henry III, 1583, confirmed by Henry IV, 1603, and by Loui^XIII, 1612, forbidding bookscl'ers to print any work of a Jesuit Father without the approbation of "the divimis," and *'the permis'iion of the superiors." Escobar's works were published at Lyons in 164/! and 1646. BlaisePascal was born 1623 in Clermont of Auvergne, and died in Paris in 1662. He was one of the most celebrated scholars ever pro- duced within the fold of the Roman Catholic church, taking first rank as mathematician, scientist, theologian and author. He has been calied by Sir Walter Hamilton "that miracle of universal genius," and his reputa- ho has been e, as Filutius uguse 'Jesuit, king is not a ig." me reputable us doctrines, ' have taught; they cannot, 5 disloyal and in of the first! 3f the World— ersections; but ce of langtmgc, association the oilman with the ifferent d'*sposi- y of discovering life^ the same as the source ling his Order ^logical works vast number o) re descriptions^ m their books, ler to be notic- the inspection by Henry III, ing Ixjokscl'ers : divines," and Lyons in 164/j - '. md died inl 5 ever pro- it first rank been cal'ed ■ d his reputa 9 lion as a man of deep piety, profound knowledge and rare ability is firmly established throughout Christendom. In the controversies that took place between the Jesuits and Jansenists — both communities in the Roman Catholic church — he sided with the latter and opposed, as well, the doctrine of papal infallibility. He declared in ' —rard to the Jesuit authors quoted : I have twice read Escobar throughout. I have never USED A SINGLE PASSAGE WITHOUT HAVING READ IT MYSELF IN THE BOCC QUOTED AND WITHOUT HAVING READ IHE PRECEEDING AND SUBSE- QUENT CONTEXT. From his famous Provinci?.! Letters we extract the following choice extracts by Jesuit authorities showing some of the act- ions he found justfied : — 1. Doing evil that good may result from it. — "We may seek an occasion of sin directly and designed'y — primo et perse — whei our own or our neighbor's spiritual or temporal advantages induces us to do so." — [Father Bauny, in his Tieatise on Penance. 2. Simony. — This is easily justified, for the party buying a benefice has only to so direct his intention that his money may be given, not for the benefice, but as a motive to incline the will of the patron. Then it is no longer simony. "If a person gives a temporal in exchange for a spiritual good, ami gives the mon- ey as the price of the benefice, it is manifest simony. But if he gives it :nerely as the motive which inc'ines the will of the patron to confer on nim the living, it is not sim- ony, even though the person who confers it considers and expects the money as the jirincipal object." — [Valencia, one of the four great authorities quoted by Escobar in his Moral Theology. 3. Revenging an insult. — "If a man has received a blow on the face, he must on no account have any intention to avenge himself, but he may lawfully have an intention to avert infamy, and may. with that view, repel the insult immediately, even at the point of the sword — etiam cum gladio." — [Lessius. 4. Desiring the death of another, and rejoicing over it. — "An incumbent m.iy, without any mortal sin, desire the decease of a life-renter on his benefice, and a son that of his father, and rejoice when it happens; provided always it is for the sake of the profit that is to accrue from the event, and not from personal aversion." — Caspar Ilurtado, one of the twenty-four authorities referred to by Escobar. 4. Duelling. — "It is perfectly reasonable to hold that a man may fight a duel to live his life, his honor, or any considerable portion of his property, and when it is ■ipparent there is a design to deprive him of these unjustly by law suits and chicanery, and when there is no other way of preserving them." — Sanchez, in his Moral Tiieology. Navarre, another casuist, holds that it is lawful to either accept or send a chal- lenge, and that there is nothing to prevent one from despatching one's adversary in a (irivate way. Indeed, in such a case, he holds it is advisable so to do rather than em- ploy the method of the duel — for by this means we avoid exposing our own lives. Of course the enemy is not to be killed treacherously. But listen to Escobar's definition of killing in treachery. "We cal! it k'lling in treachery when the jMjrson who is slain ha'. 9. Retention of unlawful gains. — "Quamvis midier illicite acquisat, licite tanicn retinet acquisita. — [Father Bauny. " If one has received money to perpetrate a wicked action, is he obliged to restore it?" "We must distinguish here, — if he has not done the deed, he must give back the cash ; if he has, he is under no such obligation." — [Malina, quoted by Escobar. 18. Perjury — "A man may swear that he never did sucha thing (though ho actually did it) meaning within himself that he did not do so on a certain day, or before he was born, or understanding any other such circumstance, while the words which he cmplov* h.ivc no such bense as would discover his meaning. And this is very con- 11 person who has I it is not done i thereby to inur- t is as lawful to til our property, who has receiv- o(i the insult kill a defamer, lis own criuies, is prcjiared to •cunistances, as life, he is also s property, in the University Lme if ho only oim is asked, ive got a Utile, IS to have the dividing the But now I ts, ifyou will ) that it incur sh ininiediatt - .1 great many ' " might save poison, who J nal e.state as >re vivat ? I s wealth un- •ch a case he -[Escobar, in licite tanicn ed to restore it give back Escobar. ' he actually or before he ds which he ^ very con- [vcnient in many cases, and quite innocent, when necessary or coi.uucive to ones [health, honor or advantage." — [Sanchez. " It is the intention that determines the quality of the action." — [Filutius. The same author suggests a surer method of avoiding falsehood, which is, after saying aloud, I swear that I have not done that to add in a low voice, •' to-day " ; or, after saying aloud I swear, to interpose in a whisper, " that I say." •' This you perceive is telling the truth," adds Filutius. These are only a few of the many that might be given, some of which will hardly bear the light of print to-day. They furnish very good explanation of the fact that the teaching of the Jesuits has ever been considered inimical to Christian morality, and if the conduct of the members of the society accords in any degree whitever with the teaching of its doctors, the public can readily understand why the Jesuits have been condemned alike by Protestants and Roman Catholics. Let the reader judge if the teachings of the Jesuits to day is not im- moral and anti-christian, 1. Take De Guay, whose Compendium of Moral Theology, and Cases of Con- science were until a few years ago, if they arc not to-day, standard authorities at the Jesuit College at Rome, and at Maynooth. Let me cite but a few of the actions justified by this present-day Jesuit divine : 1. Defrauding the public treasury. The case supposed is as follows : A man sells a farm worth 50,000 francs to another. But as the Government in France exacts a tax upon all sales of real estate, to escape said tax the buyer and seller agree to enter it at 20,000 francs — whilst in reality the 50,000 are paid. De Gury, after supix)sing the above case and asking if it is wrong to feign a less price in order to escape the imposts, answers : It appears there is no obligation to declare the price paid, or the value ..... but those who diminish the value more than reasonable, expose themselves to the danger of paying a fine," etc. Here, then, is one of the highest Jesuit authorities of the world, with the open Douay Bible before him which reads : " Render therefore to all men their dues, tribute to whom tribute is due, custom to whom custom is due," deliberately justifying fraud upon the public treasury. Such teaching would justify every one of the tricks, frauds, and evasions resorted to in smuggling and illicit commerce of every kind. 2. Secret compensation from one who has wrongfully defeated us at law. The case supposed is this : A. has a suit with B. and is condemned to pay B. a sum of money, already paid. Is A. justified in resorting to some secret way of securing his own? If there were no other way, could he steal it ? or defraud B. to that amount in some deal? De Gury holds that A. is justified in so doing — that is to say, in place of suffering wrong patiently, in place of yielding with Christian resignation to *'the powers that be," A. may take the law into his own hand, may commit a crime to make the wrong right. This is exceedingly dangerous morality. If A., who has suffered wrong at B's hands in a matter ot money, in place of enduring It patiently, may steal the amount back, may he not take sufficient also to compensate for his trouble and risk in stealing it ? This doctrine sounds dangerously like " doing evil that good may come," with which our Jesuit friends are charged, but which they strenuously deny. 3. A servant may secretly compensate himself If he is not given as high wages as Others of his class, even if he figrecdto leave the wages to the judgment of hU em* ^^m^rjaarr.- 12 ployer. De Gury holds that the servant who thus secretly adds to the rate fixed by the master — though the servant agreed to leave the wages to such decision — and though the additions to his wages are made by theft, or fraud, "is not to be con- demned." This looks much like: "the end justifies the means." But then the Jesuits earnestly deny any such teaching. 4; Roman Catholics cannot, according to Gury, without sin grant the dying wish of a Protestant for the presence of a Protestant minister. This would be " holding communication with heretics in religious affairs." It is well known that in Ontario, as in other lands, Roman Catholics succeed in getting the lion's share of legislative grants in favor of charitable institutions. In this province, whilst only one-sixth of the population, they recei/e over half, it is said, of the money so voted by the legislature. The excuse for this unequal distribution of the {rant is that Protestants are often received and cared for in such institutions. It is to be hoped Gury's teach- ings are not followed out in them. De Gury states the following case: " L., a religieuse, attached to a hospital where Catholic and heretic patients are received, is requested by Q., a Protestant, who is dangerously ill, to go in search of a minister of his sect that he may obtain the consolations of h> religion. But L. does not know whether she ought to comply or not. Question — Can L. cause a Protestant minister to be brought (i. e. , without sinning)?" De Gury decides thus : "Answer — No. The reason is obvious. Were she to bring in a Protestant minister she would be holding communion with heretics in a religious affair, and would be guilty of co-operation, properly so-called." De Gury clenches this ruling with a decision in a similar cases delivered March 15, 1848, by the congregation of the Holy Inqi.isition at Rome. The case referred to was presented to the congregation by an ecclesiastic in these words ; "D. N. humbly represents that in the town of M. there is a hospital, of which he is the director and chaplain, where patients are cared for by religieuses. In this hospital, patients who are strangers to the Catholic religion are received, and these aslc for a heretic minister that they may obtain the consolations of their religion. D. N. desires to be instructed whether it is permissible for the religieuse to call in ministers of false religions ? It is further asked whether, when a heretic is being treated in the private house of a Catholic, it is permissible for the latter to call in a heretic minister ? The congrega- tion of th' Inquisition decided in both :ases " that the thing is not permissible," and added " let them " (i. e., the religieuses and the Catholic at whose house a heretic is lying ill) "observe a passive attitude." To observe a passive attitude means, of courae, to pay no attention to the request. 5. Amand promised on an oath to Marinus that he would never reveal to any one a theft which Marinus had committed. Suspicion arisiag, Amand was called up before the judge and gives up the secret. Question — Ought Amand to have revealed the secret confided in him ? Awnswer — Amand ought not to have disclosed the secret confided in him. He should have replied, "I know nothing," that is to say, nothing which I ought to tell, using a mental restriction." "Theofrid having inherited an estate and concealed his wealth to avoid paying his creditors, replies he has concealed nothing. Question — Is Theofrid to be conidemned as a liar ? Answer — Theofrid has not me3| Inse itcrrc :sait thati 6, |\vs "'11 ;lonf 11 ( Innuai Igivef xt. rate fixed by decision— and lot to l)e con- Eut then the dying wish of be " holding at in Ontario, of legislative one-sixth of 'oted by the t Protestants ury's teach- a hospital 1 Protestant, e may olitain ht to comply e., without ions. Were ivith heretics :alled." De ch 15, 184S, rred to was N. hunii)Iy lirector and wtients who ;tic minister e instructed ions ? It is house of a 2 congrega- sible," and a heretic is , of course, 'ef reveal arising, 2 secret, in him ? fided in nothing ealth to )uestion has not 13 ned against truth, because he in reaiity concealed nothing in the. nse of the interrogation, or in the sense in which he could be justly terrogated. So in replying that he has concealed nothing it is as if said he had committed no injustice against his crcditois, for it is only that sense that the creditors and judge could interrogate him." 6, DeGury explains what he means by secret compensation as fol- ws : -— '•The secret and compensation consists in reco/eringa thing which ongs to us by taking a thing which does not belong to us." He justifies it in the following case. Sallust, a rich man, is charged nnually with the purchase of the necessary clothing of the family to iven amount of a merchant ot the name ofCyrilla. But Salhist pur- lases of another merchant at lower prices. Sometimes he goes to nother city to purchase cheap goods. Whatever he saves from the an allowed by his master he keeps himself Question can he keep he money thus saved ? Answer. — Yes, because the gain whicli he L'alizes in going eleswhcre and in purchasing advantageously is due to is labour and special skill. He need not disquiet himself on that sub- let." lY— Coudemnations of the Jesuits. By the Roman Catholic Clergy of Paris. Before the close of the i6th century the Parish clergy of Pi;ris pre- ened a formal indictment against the Jesuits with a prayer for their emoval. Good Catholics and loyal subjects as they were, hey found the Jesuit teaching and conduct unendurable as they charged them \\ ith (a) Putting the pope above the general Councils and prc( Ifliming there was no bound to his power. (b) Subverting the hierarchy and putting themselves above Bish- o;)S. (c) Supplanting the parish clergy. (d) Trampling under foot Galilean liberties. (ef Claiming for the pope the right to excommunicate kin^s, inter- fere in state affairs and call the temporal power to his aid. (f) With corrupting the youth by their doctrines, subverting con- science and teaching the lawfulness of regicide. r>Y THE Roman Catholic Clergy of France. I In the year 1700 an assembly of the R. C. clergy of Fran< ?, under [the influence of the famous Bossuet passed unanimously a sentece ot the [severest censure upon the lax morality of the Jesuits, and esj) cially on the pernicious character of their doctrine of probabilism. 14 111 3. By Pope Clement XI. This pope in spite of his known sympathy with the society felt com pelled to censure the Jesuits for having sanctioned the use by thei converts in China, of a combination of the si'perstitions of Confuciu with the ordinances of Christianity. 3. By the Sorbonne. The theological faculty of the Sorbonne censured the conduct of th society as "false, rash, scandalous, contrary to the word of God am subversive of the christian faith and religion," which sentence was rati fied by the pope. 4. By the Parliament of paris. Lavalette, the head of the order in France being; brought int( court for some alleged irregularities in regard to his financial operations in 1762 the society in the trial were obliged to produce their ' Consti tions." When these, which had been heretofore hidden from all eye; except their own, became known, intense indignation against the society was aroused. Louis XV sent a letter to Ricci, the General, of the ordc at Rome and also to the popes asking that the statutes be amended The following quotation from a decree of the Parliament of Paris on March sth that year shows why the request was made : — "These doctrines (those contained ii the constitution made at Prague), the consequences of which would go to destroy thi '!' t law of nature — that moral standard wliich God himself has imprinted on the heart o~" man — and hence break all the bonds of civil society, since they authorize theft falsehood, perjury, impurity the most criminal, and generally all passions as well all crimes, by teaching secret compensation, equivocations, mental reservations, pro babilism and philosophical sin ; to destroy all feelings of humanity among men, sinci they favor homicide and parricide, to overthrow the royal society"? General Ricci made the celebrated reply, " The Jesuits must remain as they are or cease to exist.'] The Pope's reply was similar. 5. By Pietro Sarpi. — a Roman Catholic divine, historian and an' intimate friend of three successive popes. 3. Pietro Sarpi was court theologian (Roman Catholic) at Mantua, then Pro fessor of Philosophy at the .Servile Convent of Venice, then at Rome for several yeai- on intimate terms with three successive Popes, then for seventeen years at Venice, where he labored as a student, teacher, author and defender of Venetian rights. He wrote the History of the Council of Trent, History of Ecclesiastical Benefices, andj was distinguished as well for scientific and philosophic attainments, The Encyclo poedia lirittanica declares : "To the highest qualities of the scholar, the <|^atesman and the patriot he added charity, magnanimity and disinterestedness." Surely, as h was intimate with the leading theologians of his time,as well as the history, labors an< influence of the Jesuits, he ought to be well qualified to describe "the most devotc(!1 and (iod-fearing men on the round world as an enthusiastic admirer o the Jesuits have styled them." He says: "They are a public plague, am the plague of the world. Chameleons, who take their colors from the soil they squat on, flatterers of princes, perverters of youth ; they not only excuse but laudl ying. Tbcy have the art so to blend their interests and that of Rome, seeking for them asi Ives a ough ure ai cry of very v lem SI e migl ork ir hey s( aries r if t an i.rci ept a ise of he situ leclare igatior olleagi loyal t( 4- )y the Divine Pop ,vhlls(. J ing poi 1. ' )efore 1 2. ' id exi was ih: world. ,1! 3- form practit mitted See hn 4- wore in.'mb only c the su I.) St. t ) the and 5 ] )ciety felt com : use by thei s of Confuciu conduct of th I of God anc mce was rati on March 5th ose contained ii authorize theft ssions as well a: escrvations, pro long men, sino General Ricci cease to exist Ives and the Papacy the empire of the world that the Curia must needs support thenti ugh it cowers before their unscrutable authority. They are the ruin of gool liter* ure and wholesome doctrine by their pitiful pretence of learning and their niach- cry of false teaching. On ignorance rests their power, and truth is mortal to them. very vice of which humanity is capable, every frailty of which it is subject, finds from lem support and consolation. If St. Peter had been directed by a Jesuit confessor might have arrived at denying Christ without sin. Expelled from Venice, they ork more mischief there by their intrigues then they did when they were tolerated, hey scheme to get a hold on Constantinople and Palestine in order to establish sem* laries of fanatics and assassins. They are responsible for the murder of Henry IV., 1 , . >r if they did not instigate Ravaillac, their doctrine of regicide inspired him. They inl n t' an i.reep into any kingdom, any institution, any household because they readily ac- ,1 • J p . opt any terms and subscribe to any conditions, in the certainty that, by the adroit r .1 se of flattery, humbug, falsehood and corruption, they will soon become masters of nst thf» tinr t he situation." His views on Jesuit education are two long to quote entire. He ll ofthpnrrl> leclares that "the education of the Jesuits consists in stripping the pupil of every ob* =* 'amended igation to his father, to his country and to his natural prince." that from the Jesuit olleagea there never is sent a pupil obedient to the father, devoted to his country, loyal to his prince." , , , 4. Archibald Manning declares " that the Roman Pontiff when he speaks ex- go to destroy th( ^ 7 1 1 1. 1 r- , • ,• /• • l 1 1 . i 1 , ^, , Cathedra .... when he defines a doctrme regardmg faith or morals to bo hekl 1 on the heart ol^ , ■ , , , , r, ■ r „■, •,• • 1 , • u xu )y the universal church ... is possessed of that infallibility with which the )ivine Redeemer willed that His Church should be endoweil, etc., etc." Pope Clement XIV. in his famous Bull of July 21, 1773, suppressing the Jesuits, .vliilst giving tht grounds of his condemnation of the society, witnesses to the follow* ing points : 1. "That thousands of complaints against that religious community were laid )efore our predecessors, upheld by the authority of some princes." 2. " That the very bosom of the Society of Jesus was torn to pieces by internal \nd external dissensions," and among the many charges preferred against the society was that "of seeking with too much eagerness and avidity, after the riches of this world." 3. He recites the vain efforts made by a dozen preceding Popes to re- form the society, and correct its abuses — among others the interpretation and l)iaclice of certain heathen ceremonies, which the order tolerated and ad- mitted in many places," and to the society's use " of those maxims which the Holy Sje has justly prescribed as scandalous and obviously detrimental to sound morals." 4. He declares that "the kings of France, Spain, Portugal aad the two Sicilies -were forced to eject and banish from their kingdoms, states and provinces all the ' "''-Iniombers of this religious order, being persuaded that this extreme measure was the '^ only cure for so much evil," that frequent requests were made to his predecessor for J tlic suppression of the Jesuits, and that "scarcely were we, by the mercy of God, raised It > • n^ J J (^j_ Peter's seat, but the same prayers, requests and entreaties were made to us, and II • ' ' 'li°^t; were added the counsels and the supplications of a large number of bishops •^ °': and other men, eminent for their rank, scholarship and picly." " ' 5 lie declares that "being anxious to act rightly in so grave anrders of the Roman Catholic church this one alone has the unenviable listinctiot. of being dreaded, hated and bai shed by the entire Christ- an world ? Let the candid student of history turn — not to /:e Protest- int historians, who might be prejudiced against the Jesuits^ — but to the )ull of Pope Clement XIV., and to the writings of the Jesuits them- elves, and he will find an answer that will be a sufficient vindication of he Christian world in its treatment of the Jesuits, and an overwhelming condemnation of these Ishmaelities of modern times. The Jesuits have been expelled as follows : — irk, no longi 3 disturb tl: e Jesuits' edi was contrar ere inculcate spiritual an with the pa pioducc til Goyernments. lat a society •ouglit upoij ondemnatior ilete suppre.s 5trong clainiil )ther socict}! ch universal allies and it^ legislatures! Jesuits musj or we musi that it hal "mnation oj Jut there ard aragossa, 1555. a Palatine, 1558. ienna, 1566. vignon, 1570. ntwerp, 1578- Portugal, 1578. Segovia, 1578. England, 1579. Kngland, 1581. England, 1586. Japan, 1587. 1 1 angary, 1588. Transylvania, 1588 Bordeaux, 1589. France, 1594. Holland, 1596, Toulon, 1597, Berne, 1597. England, 1602. England, 1604. Denmark, 1606. Thoru, 1 606, Venice, 1606. Venice, 1612. Japan, 1613- Hohemia, 1618. Moravia, 1619. Naples, 1622. Netherlands, 1622. China, 1623. India, 1613. Malta, 1634. Russia, 1723. Savoy, 1729. Paragauy, 1733. Portugal, 1759. France, 1754. Spain, 1767. Two Sicilies, 1767. Duchy of Parma, 176S, Malta, 1768. Russia, 1776, France, 1804. Eripou, 1804. France, 1806. Naples, 1 8 ID. 1816. Seleure, 18 16. Belgium, 1818. Brest, 1819, Russia, 1820. Rouen, 1825. Great Britain, 1829. Iceland, 1829. France, 1831. Saxony, 1831. Portugal, 1834. Spain, 1835, Rheims, 1838. Lucerne, 1841. Lucerne, 1845. France, 1845. Bavaria, 1848. Switzerland, 1848. Naples, 1848. Papal States, 1848. Linz, 1848. Vienna, 1848. Styria, 1848. Austrian Empire, 1848. Galicia, 1848. Sardinia, 1848. Sicily, 1848. Paraguay, 1848. Italian States, 1859. Sicily, i860. Spain, 1826. France and several other countries since, making in all over eighty ex- pulsions, principally from Roman Catholic countries. Whether these banishments were, as history alleges, and as the various governments profess on account of the political intrigues of the Jesuits, or whether thiey resulted, as their defenders would have us beUeve, from their excessive piety, the reader will easily judge for himself. i8 BRIEF OF POPE CLEMENT XIV., FOR TIIK in learea SUPPRESSION ilND EXTINCTION OF THE SOCIETY OF THE JESUITS. §1. Our Lord and Redeemer Jesus Christ, foretold by the prophet as the Prince of Peace (which on His coming into the world He first of all announced to the shepherds l>y the angels, aud afterwards before His ascension into heaven again and again bequeathed to His disciples), "after He had reconciled all things to God the Father, making peace by the blood of His cross, whetlier they bo tilings ia earth or things in hea; 'n," committed to His Apostles also the ministry of re- conciliatioE , and assigned t them the message qf reconciliation, so that acting as ambassadors for Christ (who is not a Ood of dissension but of peace and love) they might preach peace to the whole world, and might employ tlieir ellorts and their energies especially on this, namely, that all who were born in Clirist might be "careful to preserve the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace, one body and one spirit, even n liey are called in one hope of their calling," which unity cannot be obtained, according to Gregory tlie Great, unless men strive to reach it with minds linked in friendship to their neighbors. §2. This same message and ministry of reconciliation, ent-usted to us i » a special manner when, in spite of our utter unworthiness, we were elevated to this chair of St. Peter's, we have called to mind, we have kept it before our eyes day and night, having it engrave i in the very bottom of our heart; and to the ut- most of our power we have enieavoured to"fulfil it, diligently supplicating Div- ine assistance fer this that God would condescend to pour into our heart, and in- to the whole people of Christ, thoughts and counsels of peace, and to maintain for us a safe and secure method of attaining peace. Moreover, knowing well that we have been by Divine Providence placed over the nations and over the kinj'- dom for this purpose, that in cultivating the vineyard of the Lord of hosts, and in preserving the temple of the Christian religion, of which Christ is the corner stone, we may root out, and throw down, and destroy, and scatter, and build, and plant, we have all along been of this mind and fixed determinat on, that as we were resolved to omit nothing for the peace and tranquility of the Christian com- monwealth which might appear to be in any way likely to cultivate and edify it, 19 v., 'HE JESUITS. rophet as the announced to II into heaven cilod all things ■ they be things ministry of re- ' that acting as and love) they flbrts and their uist nn'ght be one l)ody and li unity cannot > reach it with d to us i I a e elevated to fore our eyes md to the ut- )licating Div- heart, and in- to maintain ing well that er the kinj-- hosts, and in 8 the corner lid build, and , that as we iristian com- and edify it. by to , in compliancn with the same bond of mutual ch&rity, wo should be ready and reparod to pull up and destroy even what was most agreeable to ourselves, and carest, and what we could not lose without tho greatest grief and distress. § 3. It is impossible to doubt that amongst those things which contribute most if all to the prosperity and felicity of the Christian commonwealth, the higiiest lace is iu general to be assigned to the regular religious orders, from which tho nivcrsal Christian Church has in every age derived the largest amount of honour, f assistance, and of benefit. These, accordingly, this Apostolical See has ap- roved, and has not only supported them by her patronage, but has assisted them bestowing upon them very many benefactions, exemptions, privileges and pow- rs, in order tha*: by these they might be more and more stirred up and stimulated thecultivation of piety and religion, to the guiding aright of tho morals of the people both by precept and by cxamp e, to the maintaining and confirming of the unity of the faith amongst ttie faithfu'. On the other hand, when it has turned out that from any particular religious Order the Christian people either no longer received those precious fruits and those valuable advantages for tho pro- duction of which the Order was originally instituted; or when the Order seemed likely to cause i; jury and to disturb the peace of nations rather than to promote it, then this same Apostolical See which hud taken the pains to plant these Orders, and had interposed its authority on their behalf, bus not hesitated for a moment either to strengthen them by new laws, or to recall them to their ancient strictness of life, or even to root them out utterly, and to disperse them. [ §§ 4 — 13 inclusive contain illustratious of the positions laid down, andrecapitu- late the suppression of the Templars, the Barnabites, the Ambrosii, and various other orders, by Innocent ill., Clement V., Pius V., Urban VIII., Innocent X., and Clement IX.] § 14 Moreover, in determining upon and carrying into effect all these [fore- mentioned resolutions] our predecessors have always thought it better to employ the most prudent method of action, which they believe tended most to 1 revent entirely the introduction of strife and to remove divisions aud factions. A»- cordingly, discarding that troublesome and tedious metliod which is commonly employed in legal pre seen tions, and following simply the dictates of prudence, they took care to have the whole question settled by that plenary po«»er with which they have been endowed as vicars of Christ and supreme rulers of tho Christian commonwealth, without giving the regular Orders that Aiere destined for suppression, permission and opportunity to bring their riphts to trial, and eitlier to repeal the grave accusations made against them, or to refute the reasons for which they (the Popes) were led to adopt this method of procedure. § 15. Placing therefore before our eyes these and other instances of the great- est weight and authority with all, and at the same time animatea by the earnest desire to proceed with faithful mind and firm foot in that subject of deliberation to which we shall presently ijefer, we have employed all diligence and research to enquire into everything that concerns the rire, progress, and present condition of that regular Order which is commonly called the Society of Jesus ; and we have accordingly ascertained that it was originally instituted by its pious founder for the lAlvation of bouIi, tor the convertion of heretics, (>nd et peolt\il|y of infld«li, 20 eir e v< nfud ppo nr pi 1C80 I ho crioil and in short far the increaso of piety and religion : and that for the easier an bettor accomplishment of this most desirable end the Order was consecrated t God by a most stringent vow of evangelical poverty, extendinc; to individuals ai well as to the community ;oxceptingonly colleges for study, which were permittee to possess property, on the express nnderstanding that none of it should at an time Im spent or converted to the use and advantage of the Society itself. § 16. On these and other most sacred conditions, the Hociety of Jesus was a first sanctioned by our predecessor Paul III. of pious memory by his Bull dat* September 27, 1540 a. n.; and the same Pontiff conceded to the Hociety the right! of making laws and statutes providing most admirably for the protection, tlu '^""'l safety, and the government of the Society. And although the same Paul had ut first strictly limited the number of the professed to a xty, yet by a subsequent Bull dated February 28, A. u. 1543, he gave the governore of the Hociety permi» sion to receive into it as many as they thought desirable or neces ary. After wards, by a Bull of November 15, 1549, tlio same Paul bestowed upon the Society maiy very ample privileges; amongst these, the permission whicTi was formerly conceded to the Generals of the Hociety to adaiit twenty priests as spiritual coad- jutors, and to bestow on them the same powers, privileges, and authority, as the professed were • ndowcd with, was now allowed and ordained to be eritended without any restriction or limit of number, to any person whom the Oeneralsi*^'^"" deemed suitable ; and still further, the Society itself, and all its members amlltho persons, and all their property, were exempted from all superiority, jurisdictior.ip^ov and correction of any ordinances whatsoever, and were taken under the protection! to nvil he m )iety I krisital § rhili] selec pnult sever tl of the Pontiff and the Holy Sec. § 17. The mut'ificenceand liberality of others of our predecessors to the same Society has been equally conspicuous. It is well known that Julius III., Paul IV., and Pius IV; and V., Grers to holy orders without a title, and without the customary vows, in violation of the decrees of the Council of Trent, and of our predecessor Pius V. of pious memory ; soinetimes concerniog the absolute authority which the General of the Society chimed for himself, and other matters relating to the government of the ^■'flpiety ; ^omet^meq concerning various points of their doctrine, their iQhoQlii their oxemptiQn^ m^ privilege* whish th« or^tnarteii oi th9 pUdM) An4 confi nnd { upon hadl Socit preli not < the accvi cnj< of indi Soc mai cha I'oi the tvn< wa ^h( »« • lie easier ao 8 consecrnted t to individuala m I were permitte ■ nhniild at an ty itself. of Jesns W08 a »y his Bull date "Society the rigfi protection, th fne Paul had a. >y a subsequent] Society permis- ces ary. After- jpon the Society ^1 was formerly spiritual coad uthority, as the to be c:: tended, in the Oeneralg members and ty, jurisdictior, r the protection lors to the samel III., PoHlIV.j Clement VIII., j »an Poutiffs ofj owed upon thisj J irivst clearly! olical constitu- ery commence- y amongst the I regular orders, f if-g, as well as nd that these i e nature nnd| mbers topro- iiotion of the 'ary vows, in 8or Pius V. of ^ the General ; > government ctrine, their 21 eir eatablished jurisdiction and privileges ; and, in short, there was r.o want of e very gravest acoosatiors alleged against the members, which cause«l no littl* nfusion to the peace and tranquillity of the Christian commonwealth. § 18. Many complaints * consequently arose agaiistthe Society ; ar.d these, pported by the authority rud the reports of many princes, were brought ' eforo ur pr.>y any prayers n. What furti fathers who w the aforesaid a| ' virtue or effici nces, accusatioij iora have labouH 1 XXL, Alexand Jict XIV., w fche publication secular busintf 1. and also aboj the place> whei ch the institution of the Society of Jesus is highly commendeu, and once more roved. § 23. After so many and so great storms and most bitter tempests, every good man ed that at length that most blessed day would dawn which should bring nquility and peace in abundance. But whilst the same Clement XIIL, our lecessor held the See of Peter, far more diftkult and more troublous times arrived. the charges and complaints against the aforesaid Society daily increasing, and reover, there having arisen in many places most dangerous seditions, tumults, isions and scandals, which, the bond of Christian charity being shaken and iiely destroyed, terribly stirred up the minds of the faithful into factions, hatred, uns disease, t 1 enmity, the matter seemed to be brought to su^'. a dangerous crisis, that those "y persons, whose ancestral piety and whose liberality to the Society transmitted, t were, by a sort of hereditary rigat from their ancestors, is supremely praised by I mean our dearest sons in Christ the kings of France, Spain, Portugal and the o Sicilies were compelled to dismiss and expel the members of the Society from ir kingdoms, territories and provinces ; convinced that they had no other remedy for so many evils than this last and al>solutely necessary one, to prevent Christian pie from attacking, provoking and tearing each other to pieces in the very bo.som 2 Holy Mother Church. .'^24. Our aforesaid most dearly beloved- sons in Christ, feeling assured that this nedy could not be relied upon to tend to the reconciliation of the universal ristian Church, unless the Society were entirelyextinguished and utterly suppressed ; y accordingly matle known their desires and wishes to our predecessor, the 24 aforesaid Clement XIII., and with all possible authority, prayers and entreatii desired him by that most eflectual step [of suppressing them] to make provision %ha.\ the perpetual security of their subjects, and the good of the whole Church. ' death of that pope, however, which occurred so unexpectedly, put an entire .stop the progress of this matter and its accomplishment. In consequence when we, the dispensation of God's mercy, were elevated to this chair of Peter, the "■am entreaties, rec|uests and prayers were made to us, and to these were added the wish and judgments of many bishops and other men most distinguished for rank, Icarnii and piety. § 25. In order, however, that, in a matter so serious and so momentous, w might adopt the safest plan, we decided that it was necessary to employ a consideral space of time, not only lor the purpose of inquiring carefully, weighing deliberate! and deciding wisely : but also that, with many groanings and prayers without ceasin we might ask the Father of lights for his special help and protec*' m ; in which praye ve s! we took care that we should be frequently assisted before God with the prayers am rom pious works of all the faithful. Amongst other questions we determined mos heir thoroughly to examine what ground there was for the opinion so widely entertaine rom ^hat the religious Order of the Society of Jesus had been with special solemnitj und( approved ind confirmed by the Council of Trent ; and we ascertained t hat all tha ever had been enacted on this point in the Council was simply this : that the Society hai ::omv been exempted from the general decree which provided, in the case of the othe ^nce regular orders, that after a definite interval of novitiate, the novices who had beei lave found fit should either be admitted to profess, or should be dismissed from the! orde monastery. Accordingly that Holy Council (Session 25, Cap. 16) decided that the] Soci( were unwilling to make any changes, or to prohibit the foresaid Order of the clerg) ^f th of the Society of Jesus from serving God and his Church in accordance with thti: own pious regulations, approved by the Holy Aix)stolic See. § 26. Having employed, llierefore, all these necessary means ; being assisted, w( trust, by the presence and inspiration of the Holy Ghost, impelled also by tin necessity of our office, by which we are most strictly bound, as far as our strength permits, to procure, to cherish and to strengthen the quiet and tranquillity of the Christian commonwealth, and to take utterly away from the midst of it everything which may be even of the smallest injury to it ; and having moreover perceived that the forestad .Society of Jesus could no longer produce those abundant ami profitable results and advantages for which it had been founded, and had been approved by so many of our oredecessors, and endowed with so many privileges, but that on the contrary, it seemed difficult, if not impossible, for any true and lasting peace to be restored to the Church so long as it continued to exist. Therefore, being persuaded by these very weighty arguments, and induced by other reasons, which the maxims of prudence and the good governnit.nt of the Universal Church suggest to us, and which we keep treasured up in our bosom, following the example of our predecessor, at the General Council of Lyons, when, as at present, the qnestion referred to the origin and the privileges of a Society which was ranked among the number of the mendicant orders, JVe, after 'mature counsel, i^nth certain kncnvledge, atui by the plenitude of the apostolical power, exfintptizh and suppress the aforesaid Society ; we remove and abrogate all and singular its offices, ministries and adminis- trations, its houses, schools, colleges, hosj.itals, and all places l)elonging to it, in :)f th cons indii di'C( to CI ly p men not ordi ben pre; ohli the] and disi acc an) of th( f lyers and entreati( make provision rhatever province, kingdom aud territory they are situated, and in whatcTer manner whole Church. T hey belong to it : its statutes, practices, customs, decrees, constitutions, even if thejr put an entire stop uence when we. :d for rank, Icarnii »i ave been confirmed by oaths, by apostolical sanction, or in any other- manner ; kewise all and singular its privileges and indulgences, whether general or special, the >f Peter, the <-ani enor of which we wish to be considered as fully and sufficiently set forth in this ere added the wish iresent Bull, as if they were inserted word for word, notwithstanding any formulae or lauses to the contrary, and with whatever obligations and decrees they may be xpressed. And therefore we declare to l)e for ever void and utterly extinct all and so momentous, w4very authority of the General, the Provincials, the visitors^ and all other superiors npioy a consideralAf the foresaid Society, as well in spirituals as in temporals ; and that jurisdiction ighing deliberatelJind authority we transfer wholly and entirely to the ordinaries of the several places, 'ers without ceasinAccording to the manner, circumstances and persons, and under the conditions which )n ; in which pray« ,ve shall presently specify ; prohibiting, as by these presents we do prohibit, any one ith the prayers am rom being received after this into the foresaid Society, and being admitted to wear ve determined mos heir dress or to pass their novitiate, and those who have heen admitted we prohibit widely entertaino rem being received to make valid profession of their vuws, whether simple or solemn, special solemnitj under the penalty of the nullification of their admission and profession, and what - tained t hat all tha ;ver other punishment we choose to inflict. Furthermore we wish, order, and hat the Society hac :ommand that those who have now finished their novitiate education, l)e forthwith at case of the othe ^nce immediately and effectually dismissed ; and in like manner we forbid those who ces who had beei lave made profession of the simple vows, but are not yet advanc«d to any ^oly nissed from thei orders on the excuse or ground of the profession that they have already made in the decided that the] Society, or of any privileges liestowed on the Society in contravention of the decrees rder of the clergj :)f the Council of Trent. ' ' ''^' § 27. Moreover, as it is our desire that just as we wish to provide for the benefit Df the Church and the peace of nations, so also we should study to afford some consolation and assistance to the individual members of the order (whom we love individually with fatherly affection in the Lord), that being free from all those strifes, (li'cords and anxieties by which they have hitherto been annoyed, they may be able to cultivate the vineyard of the Lord with more fruitfulness, and may more abundant- ly promote the salvation of souls, therefore we decree and determine that those members of the Society who have as yet only professed the simple vows, and hare not been admitted to holy orders, shall, within a space of time to be fixed by tht ordinary of the place, — sufficiently long for find'ng some function or office or some benevolent patron, but yet not to exceed one year, reckoning from the date of our present letter, — depart from the houses and colleges of the Society, released from all obligation of their simple vows, and that they shall adopt that mode of life which they deem to be peculiarly adapted in the Lord to their several vocations, capabilities and conscience : although, according to the privileges of the Society, they cannot Im; dismissed from it for any reason except that which the superiors considered to l)e in accordance with prudence and with circumstrmces, without any previous summons, any regular record, or any legal order. being assisted, wc 'died also by tin r as our strength ranquillity of the t of it everything 3reover perceived 2 abundant ami I, and had been ny privileges, but true and lasting Therefore, being reasons, which hurch suggest to example of our It, the question inked among the rfat'n knmvUdge, ess the aforesaid ies and adminis- mging to it, in § 28. And to all those members who have been advanced to holy orders, we give permission and authority to leave their houses and colleges, either with the view of betaking themselves to one of the regular orders which have been approved by the Apostolic See (in which they shall be l)ound to complete the time of probation 2« o tfl fixed by the Council of Trent, if they have only made the profession of simple vows ii ^cc the Society ; but if they have also taken the solemn vows, they shall remain in pro ^"" I bation only for six months, by virtue of the dispensation which we kindly grant tc '^"' this effect) : or that they may remain in the world as priests and secular clergy, in entire and unrererved obedience and subjection to the ordinaries within whose diocese ^ocil they may fix their al)ode : decreeing, moreover, that to those who shall rtan Roman Pontiff ; and similarly, under the penalty of excommunication reserved for ui )r a and our successors for the time being, we prohibit all and singular from daring to it w distress or annoy any one on account of this suppression, least of all those who have fore; been members of the Society, with injuries, (juarrels, insults, or any other kind of contempt, by mouth or by writing, secretly or open! § 37. We exhort all Christian princes, with all the might, authority, and powei which they have received from God for the defence and protection of the Romar Church, and also with that courtesy and respect with which they are animated tc this Apostolical See, to use their energy and care that this letter of ours may receiv( its fullest effect ; and further, following all that is contained in this letter, to franif and publish similar decrees, in order to provide that, whilst our wishe s are carric( out into execution, no quarrels, contentions, and discords may arise amongst the faithful. § 38. Finally, we exhort all Christians, and entreat them by the bowels of ou Lord Jesus Christ, to remember that we all have the same Master in heaven ; all th( same Redeemer, by whom we have been purchased with a great price ; that we hav< all been regenerated in the same laver of baptism by the Word of Life, and madsi th( sons of God and co-heirs with Christ ; that we have all been fed with the same foo( of the Catholic faith and the Word of God ; in fine, that we are all one body ir Christ, and every one members one of another ; and therefore that it is indispensabl) necessary that all being bound together by the common bond of charity should havi peace with all, and should owe no man anything, but to love each other, for he wh loveth his neighbour has fulfilled the law ; regarding with the greatest aversioi offences, rivalries, quarrels, snares, and other things of this kind, which are devised invented, and stirred up by the old enemy of mankind to disturb the Church ofGo( and hinder the eternal happiness of the faithful, under the very deceitful pretext anc excuse of the opinions of the schools, or even of Christian perfection. Let all, m short, with all their strength, endeavour to acquire that true and genuine wisdom which St. James writes (iii. 13), "Who is wise and instructed among you, let hin show out of a good conversation his working in meakness of wisdom. But if ye hav envying of heart, and there be contentions in your souls, do not boast and lie agains the truth. For this is not the wisdom that cometh down from above, but is earthly animal, devilish. For where there is envying and strife, there is inconstancy an( every evil work. But the wisdom which is from above is first of all pure, ther peaceable, modest, easy to be entreated, agreeing with the good, full of mercy and good fruits, not judging others, without envy. And the fruits of righteousness art sown in peace for those who make peace. " unp ecu I mat cour sucV one onla 'I'alt't shal affci grs an be CO dii ck Cf Fi ar th th fo ol e: w y 89 gainst any one whcl § 3v And although the superiors and other members of the aforenamed Society y to the accomplishlnd others, who had, or in any way pretended to have, an interest in the foregoing, ave not consented to the present letter, nor been sunimf>iied to discuss it, nor \yeen card ; yet it is our will that it shall never be impugned on the charge of l)eing lar and secular, oiurreptitious, clandestine, null, or invalid, either from any want of our intention, or y who have hithert#ny unforeseen defect, however great and substantial ; and although in the foregoing, r any part of it, those formalities and other things which should have been obserred nd fulfilled have not been fulfilled ; and notwithstanding any other ground resulting rom any law or custom, even though contained in the corpus juris^ and notwith- permission of th( standing any pretext that th re is in the letter great, very great, even total omission, tion reserved for ui jr any other ground or reason, however just and reasonable and privileged, even if it were such as ought of necessity to be expressed in order to the validity of the foregoing — notwithstanding all this, we forbid that this Bull shall be censured, impugned, invalidated, retracted, brought to law or controversy, or taken to the courts of law ; and we forbid that there shall be obtained against it any act restoring ithority, and powcJniatters to their original position, any re-trial, any bringing of the case into the ion of the Romar courts of law, or any other remedy of law, of fact, of favour, or of justice ; and if any e to which they arJ dare to dcfem and motives, o arm of government ;ular from daring to all those who have r any other kind of :y are animated t 3f ours may receivf lis letter, to frame wishe s are carrie( irise amongst the ' the bowels of oui in heaven ; all th rice ; that we hav ^ife, and made th( ith the same fooc 'fc all one body it is indispensabl] harity should hav other, for he wh greatest aversiort /hich are devised the Church ofGo^ eitful pretext an tion. Let all, i nuine wisdom [Jng you, let hin 1. But if ye hav LSt and lie agains e, but is earthly s inconstancy an( of all pure, thei I of mercy and o ighteousness are such remedy should by any means whatever be conceded or obtained, we forbid any one to use it, or to avail himself of it, either in a court of justice or out of it ; Imt we onlain that this present Bull shall ahvays and perpetually be, and continue to be, valid, firm, and efftctive, and shall have and obtain its full and complete results, and shall be inviolably observed by all and every one whom it affects or will in any way affect in future. YIL— The Jesuits' Estates Act. In July i888, the Quebec Legislature passed the above Act, granting $400,000 and the Laprairie Common to the Pope to satisfy an alleged "moral" claim to the Jesuits Estates. As the grant has been endorsed by our Dominion Parliament and yet very generally condemned throughout the country, and has led to widespread discussion, a short historical statement concerning the Jesuits Estates is given, followetl by the writer's views upon the strength of the "moral claim " of present-day Jesuits to this property. These estates, when Canada was very young, were given to the Jesuits by the Kings of France, the Duke of Ventadour, the Commercial Company of Canada, and by private donors ; some, it was said, were purchased. Some of these estates were granted on condition that the Jesuits would employ themselves m instructing the Indians and young Canadians. In the year 1760 judgment was given in the Consular Cou: t of Paris for thirty thousands livres against Father Lavalette, as agent or pastor of the order, in certain transactions connected with the purchase of estates in the Windward Islands, and the court declaretl that the whole Jesuit body was liable for his acts as principal. In the following year the Superior-General of the order, and in his person the body ii 30 and Association of the Jesuits in France, were condemned to pay on million, five hundred and two thousand, two hlindred md sixty-si; ^-^^i livres, two sols, and two farthings, the amountof certain bills of exchange ^^\] which the body had not paid in connection with the purchase of thesi '(^1 Windward Island estates, and also fifty thousand livres damages and a g*^! costs and expenses. During the trial the counsel for both the plaintiff j^^j I and defendants referred to the constitution of the order, and the Parlia ment of Paris, on April 17th, ordered that it be produced in court j^j specifying 1 printed copy of "the edition made at Praguein 1757," whicl ;^^i had been cited in the court. A copy of these important volumes wa ^^.j.^ produced in the Parliament and given to a commission, on whos( ^ report, on account of the teachings of the society as containec ^^^1 iu the constitution, the Society of Jesuits was stripped of all its property .^^^ put out of existence as a society(it had no legal existence even at tha j^^, time,) and the portion of its estates that had been devoted to education |j „ was continued for that purpose with some notable exceptions, bul '^^q under the directions of others than the Jesuits, though ex-Jesuit teacher; were allowed to remain in France and teach on certain conditions The following year Louis XV. addressed a letter to the General of the order at Rome, Ricci, and also to Pope Clement XIII., asking that the statutes of the society be amended. Ricci answered : Let them continue as they are or cease to exist The Parliament of Paris decided they then must cease to exist ii France and they were expelled by law, although they were given the ^^^^^ option of remaining on condition that they retired from the order, severing their connection in truth and forever from the General in Rome Only five or six out of some five thousand accepted these conditions. This decree of expulsion extended to Canada as well and was made in 1762 — one year before the Treaty of Paris in which the King of France ceded all his rights to "His Britannic Majesty." In 1765 the right of the Jesuits to these Estates came before the British House of Parliament and Sir James Marriott, king's advocate, in a letter to the Attorney General and Solicitor General in answer to certain questions reported that the Estates were undoubtedly the property of the Crown and gave reasons for his contentions. In 1770 the Estates were grante by the Crown to Lord Amherst in recognition of his services The g.wtnt, however, was never carried out, principally because of the difficulties in securing the necessary information to draft the legal documents. In the year 1773 Pope Clement XIV., issued a buUl "abolishing," "suppressing," and "dissolving" the Society of Jesus "forever." This bull was dated July 21st, and promulgated at half- past one o'clock in the night of August 16th, when the Jesuits were asleep, and were securely penned up in their houses. In the following year instructions were sent from the King of England to the Governor of Canada that the Society of Jesus be suppressed and dissolved, and that all th^ir rights, privileges, "and property should be (nve??«f| Jn tH« Grown f^r eph ]mi^m^ fts thf Qr^'m might heripfte It )or( he, he c ;sta ofec 3f Q the Iheit Pari: edtl Car ord( enc( be ( the sai^ ver Lej set lasi wa he re a th! Pr be an ih inned to pay on ed ind sixty-si, -^^ ^j ^^ direct and -^i "and the Royal intention was further society, as established VII r u ""'' ht to direct and JR^oint, "and the Koya mis ot exchange blared to be that theWsent members of the ircnase of th" "^ .. fi^^'^i^- -rt s the Jesuits had had no corporate existence since 1762 in Canada H^^kP p" r '^"^ ^^ ^^^ Imperial Government shortly after the conquest prohibited duced in e 1 arlM ^^ niore Jesuits from coming to Canaaa, the Society gradually died out • „ ^^V^I nd in 1689 there were only four Jesuits living in the province of Quebec. 75 7» wnicl rather . . »aiiiv,. de Olapeau, one of these, wrote to Monsieur Louis German, • umes wa n.rchant of Quebec stating th-it these Estates had been given them n, on whos( ^ full property for purposes of education, but "they had been all ^°"^'"^^ educed in number to four, all of an advanced age, consequently they e p ^ P'^^P^J'^y {cve not in a condition to acquit themselves of the stated obligations, ed f'^"^^ nd therefore they renounced purely, simplj^, voluntarily and bona fide 1„ ^^ ucatior jj property and provisions thereof to the Canadian citizens in whose Tp^'^r' u^"' avir they were made." ^Jesuit teacher; ^ tain conditions In the year 1786 a commission in Canada was appointed by Lord General of the Dorchester, the Governor of the colony, for the purpose of describing asking that the he Jesuits' estates that they might be transferred to Lord Amherst. In he course of their work they had a dispute as to whether the Jesuits' estates could be taken even by the Crown for any purpose except those in of education and the advantages of the young Canadians. Lord Dor- iVere given the Chester referred this legal question to Alexander Gray, Attorney-General :ease to exist 56 to exist i )m the order, neral in Rome, conditions, well and was ich the King y." In 1765 British House a letter to the ain questions of the Crown Estates were his services. :ause of the aft the legal ssued a bull iety of Jesus ated at half- Jesuits were pes. In the gland to the il)ressed and y should be 3f Quebec and J. Williams, Solicitor-General. The next year, 1790, the Attorney-General, and the Solicitor-General, submitted their report, which held that the proceedings of the Parliament of Paris in 1762 applied to Canada. The nature of their institution preven- ed them individually from taking anything under the capitulation of all Canada; nothing could be conveyed to the head of the order, and the order itself was finally dissolved and suppressed in 1774, so "the exist- ence of the few members of the order in the province can in no shape be considered as forming a body politic or corporate, capable of any of the powers inherent in and enjoyed by communities." The report further said these persons were living on the charity of the Crown and should be very grateful. • In 1792 a petition was presented to the king by the newly constituted Legislature of Quebec asking that the revenue of the Jesuits' Estates be set apart for educational purposes. In the year 1800 Fnther Cazot, the last of the Jesuits in Quebec, died and the Sheriff of Quebec was directed to take all these Estates into possession which he formally did. And thus these properties for lack of any heir real or apparent escheated to the Crown. Let it be noted that since 1762 there was no corporate society of Jesuits in the Province — at which date the society lost all legal status i. e. one year before the Treaty of Paris — that since 1773 they had been dissolved ^t h^flflftf?! ''iiid abolished by Bull of the pope — that the individual members of the Society in Canada became extinct in 1800 — that one of the four ik 3a survivors in 1689 renounced all claims upon the property on account of inability of the members to fulfil the trust ^^ferred upon them— that from 1800 to about 1850 there were no Jesuits in Canada to receive the trust and to discharge it — and it will, I think, be tolerably evident to every one that d new society organized about 1850 could not have a very strong claim to property given in trust to a former society which had ceased to exist nearly a century before. The claim of the first society lapsed though the cessation of the order and consequent failure to fulfil its trust, even if it were not forfeited by the conduct of the order. The claims of the new society of Jesuits seems to be of that v.xgue, shadowy kind that ordinary people cannot discover and politicians can only see when it is backed up with good strong political support. In 1 8 14 the general society which had been "forever" abolished by one pope was revived by another. From 1824 to 1828 a lively agitation went on in Quebec to have these Estates formally set aside for educational purposes. And accordingly in 1831 a dispatch was received from Lord Goderich handing these Estates over to the Legislature for the purpose of advancing religion and "sound learning." From i8oo to 1831 about one fourth of the revenue of these Estates had been granted to educational purposes. In 1831 the Legislature passed an Act requiring that all the revenues of these Estates be kept in a separate chest and applied to "educational purposes exclusively," as that or other Acts might direct. About 1841 Bishop Bourget wended his way to Rome and invited the Jesuits to come and set up a college under the shadow of the episcopal palace in Montreal. The ;^nvitation was accepted and the charter granted eleven years later. About 1846 the agitation began to place the revenues from these Estates under control of the Roman Catholic Church. "The British troops had occupied the Jesuit Barracks, the old College, until the departure from that city conquered by the genius of Wolfe. In 1S73 the property had been made over like the other property to the Provincial Government. The Jesuits thought this a good time to put in a claim and M. F. David in their behalf asked the Government whether it was its intention to indemnify the ancient proprietors, as though they had not all been dead and buried three- quarters of a century ago. The Government replied in writing in substance that under the law all the property which had belonged to the ancient order of Jesuits and all money received from the sale of any part thereof, formed a fund for the support of education ; that the building which had served them for a College formed part of this educational fund and was held to contribute to the support of superior education. "Any indemnity" the reply goes on to state "or sum of money diverted from the direction which the law assigns, would necessarily cause a reduction in the grants in favor of superior education, and would be prejudicial thereto. The appropriation of these lands and this property is conformable to their destination, and consequent- A Rom; states posts, sacrai direct Grovei used "Grar )ayin A ihall :ures, A idmii on account pon them— in Canada I think, be d about 1850 n trust to a before. The ; order and cited by the esuits seems inot discover good strong abolished by vely agitation et aside for was received gislature for ling." From Estates had J Legislature tates be kept exclusively," hop Bourget md set up a treal. The rs later, from these cks, the old le genius of ce the other ought this a f asked the the ancient uried three- writing in I belonged to the sale of xtion ; that |part of this J of superior I'or sum of ms, would |r education, se lands and )NSEQUENT- 33 i.Y THE Government is not required to indemnify any corporat- ion WHATSOEVER. "This reply was made on the loth of December 1873 and rejects in toto the claims of the Jesuits for compensation. This grant of public money is therefore leased on a claim that cannot be made good in law or equity, a claim rejected entirely by the Imperial Parliament a century ago, a claim not only ignored but positively denied by the R.C. Legislature of Quebec 15 years before the same Legislature made the grant, a claim thatexalts the Canon law of the Roman Catholic church above the laws of the British realm, a claim combatted by seven out of the ten of the R. C. bishops of Quebec, a claim that would have been laughed out of the Legislature and Parliament but for the solid electoral following that the Jesuits have now at their back Many other objections to the Act have been urged among which we may mention its unconstitutionality, the charges im- plied m it of robbery, spoliation against the British Crown and Govern- ment, and its infringements of the sovereignty jof our Sovereign Cady, the Queen by v3sting His Holiness the Pope with civil authority in Canada. There can be no doubt whatsoever that the Pope's permis- sion was sought and is recognized as necessary to the sale of the Flstates, that the Ac' requires the Pope's sanction to make it law, and that the funds arising from the sale of the Estates is to be kept as "a special deposit to be disposed of with the sanction of the Holy See. " It is for the people of this fair Dominion to say whether they will permit to remain upon the statutes of Canada an Act that makes the permission and ratification of a foreign Potentate necessary in the Legislature of a British province. APPKNDIX. ARTICLES OF CAPITULATION OF MONTREAL. Article xxvn. — The free exercise of the Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman Religion shall subsist entire, in such a manner that all the states and the people of the towns and countries, places and distant posts, shall continue to assemble in the churches, and to frequent the sacraments as heretofore, without being molested in any manner, directly or indirectly. These people shall be obliged by the English Clovernment, to pay their priests and tithes, and all the taxes they were used to pay under the Government of his most Christian Majesty. — "Granted, as to the free exorcise of their religion ; the obligation of aying the tithes to the priests w]\l depend on the King's pleasure." Article xxviii. — The Chapter, Priests, Curates, and Missionaries hall continue, with an entire liberty, their exercise and iunction of urcs, in the parishes of the towns and counties. — "Granted." Article xxix. — The Grand Vicars, named by the Chapter to dminister to the diocese during the vacancy of the Episcopal see. 34 shall have liberty to dwell in the towns or country parishes, as they shall think proper. 'Ihcy shall at all times be free to visit the different parishes of the diocese with the ordinary ceremonies, and exercise all the jurisdiction they exercised under the French Dominion. They shall enjoy the same rights in case of the death of the future Bishop, of which mention will be made in the following article. — "Granted, except what regards the following article." Article xxx. — If by the treaty of peace, Canada should remain in the power of his Britannic Majesty, his most Christian Majesty shall continue to name the Bishop of the colony, who shall always be of the Roman communion, and under whose authority the people shall exer- cise the Roman Religion. — "Refused.'' Article xxxi. — 'Fhe Bishop shall, in case of need, establish new parishes, and provide tor the re-building of his Cathedral and his Epis- copal palace ; and, in the meantime, he shall have the liberty to dwell in th^ towns or parishes, as he shall judge proper. He shall be at liberty to visit his diocese with the ordinary ceremonies, and exercise all the jurisdiction which his predecessor exercised under the French Dominion, save that an oath of fidelity, or a promise to do nothing contrary to his Britannic Majesty's service, may be required of him. — "This article is comprised under the foregoing." Article xxxii. — The communities of Nuns shall be preserved in their constitutions and privileges ; they shall continue to observe their rules ; they shall be exempted from lodging any military ; and it shall be forbid to molest them in their religious exercises, or to enter their monasteries ■ safe -guards shall even be given them if they .esire them. — "Granted." Article xxxiii. — The preceding article shall likewise be executed, with regard to the communities of Jesuits and Recollects and of the house of the priests of St. Sulpice at Montreal ; these last, and the Jesuits, shall preserve their right to nominate to certain curacies and missions, as heretofore. — "Refused till the King's pleasure be known." Article xxxiv. — All the communities, and all the priests, shall preserve their movables, the property and revenues of the Seignories and other estates which they possess in the colony, of what nature soever they be ; and the same estates shall be preserved in their privil- eges, rights, honors, and exemptions. — "Granted." Article xxxv. — If the Canons, Priests, Missionaries, the Priests of the seminary of the foreign Missions, and of St, Sulpice, as well as the Jesuits, and the Recollects, choose to go to France, a passage shall be granted them in his Britannic Majesty's ships, and they shall have leave to sell, in whole or in part, the estates and movables which they possess in^the colonies, either to the French or to the English, without the least hindrance or obstacle from the British Government. They may take with them, or send to France, the pfoduce of what nature soever it be, of the said goods sold, paying the freight, as mentioned in the XXVI article ; and such of the said Priests, who choose to go this year, shall be victualled during the passage, at the expense of his Brit- tannic Majesty ; and they shall take with them their baggage. — "They cs, as they he different rcise all the They shall : Bishop, of ited, except uld remain ;ajesty shall s be of the shall cxer- lablish new nd his Epis- :rty to dwell [e shall be at and exercise r the French do nothing ;d of him. — preserved in )bserve their and it shall o enter their sire them. — )e executed, ts and of the ist, and the Icuracies and be known." [)riests, shall Seignories Iwhat nature their privil- the Priests as well as [passage shall shall have which they [lish, without lent. They Iwhat nature lentioned in to go this I of his Brit- ige. — "They 35 shall be masters to dispose of their estates and to send the produce thereof, as well as their persons, and all that belongs to them to France." Article xti. — The French, Caaadians, and Acadians of what state and condition soever, who shall remain in the colony, shall not be forced to take arms against his most Christian Majesty, or his Allies, directly or indirectly, on any occasion whatsoever ; the British Government shall only require of them an exact neutrality. — "They become Subjects of the King." Arti:le xlii. — The French and Canadians shall continue to be governed according to the custom of Paris, and the laws and usages established for this country, and they shall not be subject to any other imposts than those which were established under the French Dominions. — "Answered by the preceding articles, and particularly i)y the last." TREATY OF PARIS. His Most Christian Majesty renounces all pretensions which he has heretofore formed, or mi^ht form, to Nova Scotia, or Acadia, in all its parts, and guaiantees the whole of it, and all its dependencies, to the King of Great Britain. Moreover, his most Christian Majesty cedes and guarantees his Britannic Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all its dependencies, as well as the Island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts in the Gulf and River St. Lawrence, and in general, everything that depends on the said countries, lands, islands and coasts, with the sovereignty, property, possession, and all rights acquired by treaty or otherwise, which the most Christian King and the Crown of France have had till now, over the said countries, islands, lands, places, coasts and their inhabitants, so that the most Christian King cedes and makes over the whole to the said King, and to the Crown of Great Britain, that in the most ample manner and form, with- out restriction, and without any liberty to depart from the said guaran- ty, under any pretence, or to disturb Great Britain in the possessions above mentioned. His Britannic Majesty, on his side, agrees to grant the liberty of the Catholic religion to the inhabitants of Canada : he will consequent- ly give the most effectual orders that his new Catholic subjects may pro- fess the worship of their religion, according to the rites of the Romish church, as far as the laws of Great Britain permit. His Britannic Majesty further agrees, that the F"rench inhabitants or others, who have been subjects of the most Christian ' 'ng in Can- ada may retire with all safety and freedom when they shail think pro- per, and may sell their estates, provided it be to subjects of his Britannic Majesty and bring away their effects, as well as their persons, without being restrained in their emigration under any pretence whatever, except that of debts, or of criminal prosecutions ; the term limited for this emigration shall be fixed to the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of the exchange of this ratification of the pres- ent treaty. 14 GEORGE III. CHAPTER 83. V. And, for the more perfect security and ease of the minds of the inhabitants of the said province, it is hereby declared, 'I'hat his Majesty's subjects, professing thefeligion of the church of Rome and in the said province of Quebec, may have, hold, and enjoy, the free exercise of the supremacy, declared and established by an act, made in the first year oi the reign of Queen Elizabeth, over all the dominions and countries which then did, or thereatter should, belong to the unperial crown of this realm ; and that the clergy of the said church may hold, receive, and enjoy their accustomed dues and rights, with respect to such persons only as shall profess the said religion. VII. Provided always, and be it enacted, that no person professing the religion of the church of Rome and residing in the said province, shall be obliged to take the oath required by the said statute passed in the first year of the regin of (Jueen Elizabeth, or any other oaths substituted by any other act in the place thereof; but that every such person, who, by said statute is required to take the oath therein mentioned, shall be obliged, and is thereby required, to take and subscribe the following oath before the governor or such other person in such court of record as his Majesty shall appoint, who are hereby authorized to administer the same ; videlicet: "I, A. B., do sincerely promise and swear. That I will be faithful, and bear true allegiance to his Majesty King George, and him will defend to the utmost of my power, against all traitorous conspiracies, and attempts whatsoever, which shall be made against his person, crown and dignity ; and I will do my utmost endeavor to disclose and make known to his Maje ty, his heirs and successors, all treasons and traitorous conspiracies, and attempts, which I shall know to be against him, or any of them-; and all this I do swear without any equivoca- tion, mental evasion, or secret reservation, and renouncing all pardons. and dispensations from any power or person whomsoever to the contrary So help me God." And every such person, who shall neglect or refuse so take the said oath before mentioned, shall incur and be liable to the same penalties, forfeit"res, disabilities, and incapacities, as he would have incurred and been liable to for neglecting or refusing to take the oath required by the said statute passed in the first year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. VIII And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that his Majesty's Canadian subjects, within the province of Quebec, the religious orders and communities only excepted, may also hold and enjoy their property and possessions, together with all customs and usages relative thereto, and all other their civil rights, etc. XII. His Majesty may appoint a council for the affairs of the province, which council may make ordinances with consent of the governor. XV, Provided also, that no ordinance touching religion shall be of any force or effect, until the same shall have received his Majesty's approbation. /I. %.. inds of the , 'I'hat his Rome and y, the free act, made dominions 3ng to the aid church ights, with 1 professing 1 province, e passed in ther oaths ;very such th therein take and her person are hereby •e faithful. i him v.'ill anspiracies, lis person, sclose and asons and be against equivoca- ,11 pardons, le contrary e the said penalties, :urred and ired by the izabelh. 3said, that >uebec, the hold and itoms and irs of the nt of the :eived his