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Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many fram-« as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fllmAs d des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reprodult en un seul cliche, it est filmi d partir de i'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche A droite. et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombra d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I Appenr' (N.) !lih Jun 14 VictoriiC. Appendix (N.) A, 1851. Appendix (N.) , — -^ , yih June, MESSAGE. Appendix (N-) 9lli Jiino. ELGIN AND KIXCAllDINE. TliK GoVKRou Gknkral transmits, for the information of the Legislative Assembly, Copios of a Despateh and l-Jielosu .-es from Her Majesty's Secretary of li'J;^^>^'^^l] State for the Colonics, relative to the projected Pxailroad between Halifax and Que- bec or ^lontreal. GOVERNMICNT HoLSIC, I'orontn, iStli June, 1851. (C< .]))■.) No. 509. Downing Street, Ulh March, 1851. ij Mv Loni), — 1. Fropi llie corres|)onilenpo which 1 hrivp iiliciuly li:i(i with Yjnir I.ordship on the siiiijpct of the i)n)jfcteil liiiiiro:i(l iVoiii naiiliix to Qufbec, j; you nro well awaro tli;,f, although H?r Majesty's ; "GovcinnK'nt have not hitherto been enabled to take i any steps towanls the exe-jutio:. of that work, it is | an iiniiertakiiii; which they have long earnestly will not fail to observe from the letter which has been addressed to Mr. Howe, that the assistance which A is proposed to grant to the Provinces towards the construction of the proposed Railway, is to be contingent on provision i)eing made for opening a comi>lete line of communication from Halifax to Quebec or Montreal : it is necessary there- fore to ascertain whether Canada and New Bruns- wick are ready to join with Nova Scotia in raising 14 Victoii{C. Appendix (N.) A. 1851. AnptTidlx 9lh Juno. tlio c!i|iital iTciuired for the work in the iniinner pio- |Miscd, iitiil if so, ill what judiHtrtidn cich I'roviiici' is to bcconn' ivsiiDiisilile l<>i' tiu! ex|K'iisc inciiircil. 'I'hc miesti(jn wiiL-liier it will W iulvisalilc ior th.-si- two Provinct'H tn j(riii in the ci'iisliuctidii oi'lhc inojcc'tcd Railvviiv if tiny sliDuid ht; eiiMiilcd l'\ tjic assi.stup.ce of I'arlmiiwnt in raise tlie rcciuiici'. caiiital at a low- rule of interest, is one fur tlie cinsi do more at first than pay the working expenses. 5. If tlies3 considerations should induce the Legis- latures o( the three Pnjvinces to combine in under- taking the projected Railway, the terms on which they are to co-operate with each other for that object will hav to be settled, and in coming to such an arrangement various questions of great difficulty and importance will require to l>e considered. For in- stance it is probable that when the line is completed the traffic will be far more remunerative at the two extremities than in the more central portion of it, while at the same time the expense of constrution would from the nature of the country be [)recisely higher where the traflic returns would lie lowest, so that if each Province were required to jiay for the formation of the line through its own territory, and to receive the re'urns from the traffic through the same, it would follow that while the exi)enso to New Brunswick would be the greatest, its receijits would be the smallest. On the other hand, as 1 have just observed, one of the most important sources of jirolit from the construction of such a Railway as that now in contemplation, woukl arise from the side of land, of which the value would be increased by the work, and it appears from the papers before me, that New- Brunswick w-ould probably derive a greater jirofit fi-oiii that source than the tw-o sister Provinces. — Whether the result upon the whole w-ould be that each Proviiice, considering these various circum- stances, ought to take upon itself' the construction of the Railway through its own territory, or whether, on the contrary, any one should be assisted by the others, is a point on which I have not the mean.; of forming a judgment ; and I would suggest to you that the best course with a view of arriving at some ])rac- tical result, would be that i deimtation from the Ex- ecutive Councils of the two Lower Provinces should proceed to the Seat of t^iovertuiicnt in Canada, in order to confer with Your Lordshij) and with your Council, liir the puqiose of coining to some agree mint upon llie subject, which, after being i., (ived by the Legislatures of the scncral Provinces, miglit be submilled for the sanction of Parliament. (I. It does not ajjjiear to me that if such a confer- ence should be held it need occupv any very great length ol' lime, or that much difliculty w-ould arise in I'omiiig to an arrangement liir the construction and working ol' the ]proj(cted Railway, by which the ex- pense of the uiideilaking on the one hand, and the advantage to be di'rived f'rom it on the other, might b,' fairlv apportioned between tlu! diU'crent I'rovinces. Hereafter 1 may jn-obably be ( naliled to offer .some suggestions as to the' manner in which this might he accomplished; but at jiresent I have only to add that I shall transmit co|iies of this despatch to Sir I'ldmund Head, and to Sir John Harvey, with instructions to them to communicate with Your Lordship without delay on the importaiit subject to which it relates, and it w-ill give me the highest satisfaction if the result of tluse comniunieations should Ik; the undertaking of a w-ork, which if completed, cannot, I believe, fail to add Kreatly to the i)ros]Terity of the British IVovinces in North America, and at the same time logive addi- tional sirenglh to the tics which connect them with each other and with the British Empire. I have, &c., (Signed) The RiL'ht lloiiourabliv Appondix (N.) gih June. GREY. Tlie Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, &c., &c„ &c. (Copy.) No. 204. Government House, Halifax, 25th October, 1850. Mv TiOnD, — The ]\Iembers of my Government, upon a full consideration of the contents of Your Lordship's communication of the 2fst ult., having deemed it to consist with what th.ey owe to jniblic feelinir (which has been very unequivocally expres.sed throuiibout the Province.) as well as to their own views of tliR great interests involved, to seek to pre- sent those vie vs to Her Majesty's Government, in a.s plain and forcible a manner as may be consistent with the dee]i respect with which all decisions by Your Lorilship have been, and will, at all times, be - eivcd bvthem; they have accordingly resolved ■•■ Acga- ling one of their body to proceed to England, in tlie ho])e that Your Lordship will admit their delegate to an audience, and will all'ord him every facility in bringing.' the views ■\hich he is charged to advocate, under the consideration of Her jMajesty's Govern- ment, which to Your Lordsbii) may seem fit. Permit me, therefore, to present to Your I.ordsliip the Honourable .loseph Howe, a member of' my Coun- cil, .md a gentleman well (jualilied, in my judgment, to atrord to "^'our Lordship and to Her .Majesty's Goveiument, the fullest information, and the most corr-cl views of the state of public feeling in Nova Scotia. The deep importance attached throughout the Pro- vince to the sulject of Mr. Howe's mission, will. I doubt not, i)lead my excuse for any deviation from existint; regulations which may attend this mode of communication with Your Lordship; and 1 do not doubt that on this as on some other jioints, Mr. Howe's local information, experience, and sound judg- ment, will be found useful and acce))tal)le. Appei (N 9tb Ji 14 Victoriac. Appcntlix (N.) A. 1S5I. [•ndix « ^^ JUIH'. Appendix j^ j^ i^j^, ]j„„,e's pivsciit intention (should circum- (^•) stances not induce liim to niter it.) to return to Nova , • V Scotia before the nicctinj? of the l.cfiislature, in tlie 3th June. | „|- enahlinfi me to convey to that b(«ly, at their meetinc, some definite information as to the prospect of bein^f able to obtain the necessary funds from Lon- don capitalists, either with or without the aid ot Her Majesty's Covernm-nt. As the latter alternative, however, would involve the dift'er.nco ol troin £10 000 to£-iO,000 a year, in the amount ot interest to be paid bv the Colonv, I feel satisfied that Your Lordship will feel disi.os('d to jiromote any well con- sidere.l measure by which so lar^'(! a saving may l)e elTected, without risk to the hiii>erial Government. \ I have, &c., (Signed) The Right Honourable Earl Grey, &.C., &c., (Sic. J. IIAIIVEY. No. 1. Copy of a Letter from Mr. Howe to Earl Grey. 5, Si,oAN Street, November 25, 1850. My Loud,— Having, at the interview with which I was honoured on the ISth instant, received your Lordship's instructions to place before you, m ofi.cial (brn. tl e arguments on which, as Representative •,,„;, he Province of Nova Scotia, I base my appl.ca- on for the guarantee of the hupena Government, in S of the pid.lic works ,,rojected by the Govemmen f that colonv, I beg leave, wth all resect o cal your Lordship's attention to the following statement and observations : Renardiug the period as raimlly approaching, if it lK.s not actually arrived, when railroads must be laid V through her mosta.lvanced and prosperous c a ies, east and west, Nova Scotia is called to dec de ^vith the experience o\ the world before her, pon the measures to be adopted to secure for her pe Se, at the least expense, with the slightest risk, and in the shortest time, these great iiKKlern inip.we- men Hcv l-eople have been accustomed to free ro^s • no toll-bars exist in the province. Her roads, mX'atthe public expense, belong to the country, "; ai" e npl aticallv the Queen's highways^ In the " V instauc'es where she has.leviated from this policy, n respect to brid-es or femes, the cost and the incon- veniences of monopoly have tested its value. liiilwavs are highroads ol an improved construc- tinn ' Thev are as essential to our advancement and rosperitv now, as common roads were in the ol.len no 'I'he service which the Government has per- formed for a hundred years in respect to the common ■,neople free, we believe that this would be sound policy. H tolls must be charged we know that these will be more nuKlerate and lair, if t;oveniment regulate iheiii by the cost of construction •iiul niana"ement. than if monopolies arc created, and sneculalore regulate the tolls only with reference to the ilivi.lends. If there be risk or loss we are content to bear it b' l'"- "■'''•'^' "' ""' c"""''".^" .V"'-'''''* -^ 1»'"^"' we would apply the surplus revenue to the openingof new lines, or to the reduction of the cost of transport- Were a railroad to be constriicted in Nova Scotia, for the accornmodalion of internal trallic alone, we shouki i)erhaps decide to lay a line through our west- ern counties first, these being tSe most ])opulous and improved. i- ■ • An inter-colonial railroiul, in which the adjoining colonies feel an interest, offers more general advan- tages than a mere local line. Hence the interest felt in the (iuebec Railroad, which would have drawn to Halifax much trad'.; from the St. Lawrence, and oiKjned up to colonization large tracts of wilderness lands, both in Canada and New Brunswick. This line, requiring £5,000,000 sierling to comi>lete it, the united resources of the three provinces are inadequate to the work, without ver^ 'iberal aid from the British Government ; that aid having been refused, the pro- ject has been for the |)resent reluctantly abandoned. A railroad to Portland offers many advantages which one to Quebec does not. It will cost only about half as much. It must run, nearly all the way, through a comparatively improved country. It would connect Halifax with St. John (and by the river, with Fredericton) and the larger towns of New Brunswick; giving to all these, with the villages and agricultural settlements lying between them, most desirable facili- ties for internal traflic. The Portland Railroad would secure to Nova Scot-a the advantages which nature designed her to en,;jy ; connecting her with all the lines running through the American Continent, and making Halifax a common terminus for them all. No A-nerican steamer which did not touch at Halifax, could thenceforward corn- pete, in priority of intelligence, and the rapid transit of passengers, with those which did. From New York to Liverpool, the shortest sea-line measures 3,100 miles ; that usually traversed is 3,300. Appendix JN.) 9Ui Jua*. Miles. From Halifax to Gal way is "^,130 Dublin to Holyhead 63 a, 193 Holvhead to London 263 Dublin to the South-'West Coast of Ireland 120 Halifax to St. John's 20(5 St. John's to Watervillc 200 Waterville to New York 410 1,259 3,452 making the whole land .ind sea distance 152 miles more than the present sea-passage. But the sea- voyi^e, by the one route, woukl be 1,107 miles shorter than by the other. To i-un these 1,107 miles by steamboat, at 12 miles an hour, would require 92 hours ; to run them by rail, at 30 miles an hour, would retiuire but 30 hours. This route would therefore save, in the communica- tion between Europe and America, 50 hours to every individual, in all time to come, who passed between the two continents ; the sea-risks to life and jiroperty being diminished by one-third of the whole. The States lying east of New York will be bene- fited ill a ratio corresponding with their relative dis- tances from that city. A merchant travelling from London to Portland, not only wastes 50 hours in going to New York, but must turn l)ack and travel 400 miles on the route to Halifax besides, which will require 13 hours more. , , , It is clear then, that when the lino across Ireland is comjileted, and that from Halifax to Waterville, (from thence the lines are continuous all over the United States), this route may defy competition. No business man will travel by a route which leaves him I 14 Victoriic. Appendix (IV.) A. 1851. ( N ) ^'^ ""^ *"■ '"'""' '"''''"'' •'""'• vvhicli pivcs to others ^_^ (lealinn in the siiinc iirticlcs, iitiil «Mitciiiij; tliu smnn ' ».!. T markets with the same inlortnation, such very decided KlhJune. udviintas,'eH, ' No (lerson travelliiij; for |)leasiire will waste 50 hours, at some jteril, on th(! ocean, where there is no- thinj,' to see, who can, in pcrCeet security, run over the siiine distance hy hinil, with cultiva'ted country and a succession of towns and villagi^s to relievo the eye. 'J'he Americans assembled at the Portland Conven- tion jdedged themselves to make this line through •'■:- territory of Miiine. (;n(>italistsanil coiilrai'tors in that country profess their readini-ss to (•(mi()K'te the wliole through the Hritish lu'oviiiees, provided Acts of Incor- poration are ^'iveii to them with liberal j?rants of land and ;ii()ney in addition. r()r various reasons tin? (Jovernimnt of Nova Scotia are reluctant to [K-rmit this to be done. They are unwilliiijr to surrender that which nuist become Ibrever the great highway between tlie cai)i- tul ol Nova Scotia and her easteVn counties, to the managerTient and controul of foreign ca[)ita!ists. They l>elieve it to he, my I,ord,'e(|uallv sound pro- vincial and sound national "policy, that that jiorlion of •what must become ;i great highway of nations, which lies within the territories of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, should Ik; kept under Hritish controul ; and they believe that the security .-ind didince of the maritime jirovinccs are involved in adherence to that |M)licy. They bVlieve that the honour of the Crown is con- cerned in this <|uestion, to an extent which calls uikju them to pledge the entire credit and resources of ijie province, that it may not be fariiislied. llavin'MJone this, tiiey believe that the huperial (:overnmiresee and avoid. Whether, my Lord, it was |)ruilent in the Provin- cial Covernment to nsk for the Imperial guarantee, I would respectfully sugi.'ist that it is now too late to consider. The nd'iisal will wound the pride of every Nova Scotian, iiiiil strengthen the belief that I'.nglinli is indiflerent to the industrial develoi.ment of the niii- ritime jirovinces : that she has no ])olii'v. by backiii" which their inhabitants can be elevated "to fiiir compe- tition with their l{e|iublitan neighbours; and that when they ask her countenance and co-operation in measures which are as essential to the iiiilinnal dig- nity and security, as they would be productive ot' in- ternal improvement, the reply, though courteous, shuts out lioi)e. An inii)ivssion prevails in the Lower Provinces, that either li'om tin.' iinineiliate presence in Canada of noble- men generally slaiiding high in the confidence of the Ministry at home, or f'roiii the sensitive irritability with which all parties resort to open violence in that Province, mori' weight is given to representations af- fecting her interest, thaii to those which concern the maritime colonies. Nova Scotians, coniiielled to sa- crifice £2-i,000 a-year in the completion of a national work, by the refusal of the Imperial Coveriiiin nt to guarantee to the capitalists of I'aigland the interest on this loan, cannot fail to contrast the relative position in which they arc jilaced by that nd'usal. That they may not copy the evil examples by which a larger share of fraternal consideration will ap|iear to them to have been secured, shall be my sincere and anxious prayer. 'I'he (.'aniidas, seeking IJespnnsible Covernment in the Preneh mode, resorted to armed insurrections, which it cost iMiu'land 4 or .£5,000,000 to sii|)press. Immeilialcly ifter the ristoration ol' traiii|iiil;ty, the Hritish CoveirimenI lent the Canadas £l,.")()().()0(). Had the maritime ]irovinces pailicipateil in those ri'bellions, every regiment that marched llinnigh them in the winters of ls;J7 and 1n:!!>, would have been cut oU" 'I'hey did not. 'I'hcy adhered to their alle- giance, and (lenoiuiced the rtd)els. They cheered the soldiers on their winter marches, and provided for their wives and childre.., Yet Canada has been re- warded for bad faith an 1 the waste of natioiud re- s lurces, by a lionus of a millii^n and a halt'; and I know no terms in which 1 crni ilescribe what mv coun- trymiT. will I'ecl. if. with a surplus revenue iiln-ady available to secure the parent Slate i'rom risk, they arc ivfused the guarantee li)r half that amount. In I8:i0, the State of Maine called out its militia to overrun the Province of New Pauiiswii'k. Nova Scotia.thouirb notdirectlv menaced. promptly tendered her entire prciiiiiary and physical resources in vindi- cation of the iialional honor. She had no direct in- terest in the lioundary (piestion Nf)t an acn' ot' her soil was meiiaceil ; yet she did not hesitate to tinder In-r means, and to set an exiun|)le of loyal unanimity m ich wanted on the continriit at that moinf nl. and which, had war ccmuK need, could not have liiiled to have drawn it into her bosom. Yet now, the people, she would have fought tender their co-o|ieration to Appendix 9ih June. Append (N.) / ^- 9lll Juiii 14 VictoiiiC. Appendix (N.) A. 1851. 1 June. Apppiidis (N.) ^— — ^— — ~> 9th June. i make a. ffvat national highway across licr soil ; (iml I sulimii, wiili iill (inrfiviici', my I-ord, v.'hi'llitT thii So- vcrni^cii, wliosc hniinur slw Wius jiii)rii|il to viri.licatf, slioiiid l)c iiilviscd to iffusc hi'i- iiid, iiiiil vii'W with un- concern the |iroli!iiile constniclion of siul> a work in our very niiilst, iiy torcij^n iMi(ital, to l)e subject to fo- rciyin inlliifncc ani control. Whun tin; storm hlfw I'rom Maine we wrajmcd (Hir loyally around us. Who can t.'ll what may liai)i.en, sliould the sun of iirosjierily shine i'rom that (|uarter, and coldn;'ss ami neglect aitpear on the other side '. Englanl woulil not allow foreigners to control n grcalline of railway reaching from Dover to Aher- deen. Sh>-uld she permit them to control JlfiO miles of railway through Nove. Scotia and New Mruns- wick / , „ , • When the Trench propagan list- menaced Helgmtn, the HeL'ian govcrnnient cotiI rolled the railway.^. The invaders wen^ amhushed ami overjiowercd ; and through all the convulsions of IKIS — 1850, Belgium lias remained Iramiml and secure. When the mob of iMontreal seized ufwH the capital of Canada, the electric telegraph was in their hands. ; The wires were used to communicate wiih partisans , above and below, by which Lord l',lgin was seriously compromised, his Oovernment having no a.ssurance that their secrets were kept, or their messages deliv- ered. But, mv l-ord, it may be asked, why should foreign capitalists make and control this road f Why may this not be done by the colonists themselves? Be- cause, — 1st. Capital is more .abundant in the United States (most of which have boiTowed largely from England) than in the British provinces. Qnd. I'jXjierience of Railway enterprises, and con- fidence in them are more general in that country. Srd. A body of Railway engineers, contractors and operatives, already formed in the different States, seek |- further employment, and will take much stock inpay- ment, if em[iloyed. | 4th. The interest of most of the lines south and west would be promoted by cxtensioii. Not only , would Europeans, now reaching the Central States , by sea, travel by rail if this were laid, but the popula- ; tion of the ]>ro\inces, who rarely go south or west, for want of facilities, would, by the aid of the Euroi)ean and North American Itailroad, be let in on the west- ern and southern lines. 5th. The national importance of controlling this Railroad will induce Americans to embark in it. The electric telegraph across Nova Scotia was no sooner com|)leted, than American merchants and speculators in cotton and corn would have bought it at any price. In pi'ace and war the command (if the work now pro- posed woulil give them gree.t influence. No single association in the two provinces would wield so much. If they built the trunk-line they would ultimately con- trol llie branches. The constant emi)loyment of their own people would lead to the dili'usion of Re])ublican f^entiments ; and no Xova Scotian, or inhabitant of New Brunswick, would deem it worth his while to attempt to counteract tendencies to which the mother countr}- seemed indilferent, and which he saw must inevitably lead to but one result. Shoukl it be objected, my Lord, that to comply with llie recjuest prel'erred by Nova Scotia, would be to delay or peril the completion of the great Railway projected by Lord Durham, and which was designed to iorni a back-bone for the North American Provin- ces, and to open up large tracts of witste land to co- lonization ; VNC answer — Show us that ller Majesty's Government seriously Appendij entertiiin that projirct ; that they are prepared to go (N.) . down to Parliament and demand that it shall bo rco- ^ ^-J— , lized; anil Nova Scotia will at once honourably ro- gih jun*. deem the pledges which, in anticipation of what she conceived to be the ImiK-rial policy, were recorded ujKm her slatute-luMtk. However the (luestion may have changed its aspect, Nova Scotia will not swerve from any line of inter- colonial [M)lioy which the parent State regards as of paramount im|>orlancc. But the question has changed its aspect. Whether Canada, with its railway lines, connecting Montreal and Quebec with the sea via Melbourne and Port- land, and which will, by the completion of the line now propsed through the cultivated parts of New Brunswick, unite both these great cities with Halifax, by distances severally of H-i'i and 80.5 miles, will lje disiKWed to embark lunds in another, through a ooni- i)arativc wilderness, remains to be proved. Nova Scotia, whatever may be the (iredilections of the Imperial Uovernment, or the determination of Can!ida, jxtsscsses this advantage : The line which she pro|«)scs to construct through her territory, must be a common trunk-line for both thePcrtland and the (iuebec Railroads, whenever these are completed. Nova Scotia cannot be wrong in constructing her i:iO miles. If the Portland Railroad only is budt, she is content to share the fortunes of that enterprise. ' If the British Oovernment prefer, and chot>s-a -t© aid the work originally profwsed. Nova Scotia will either pay her contribution, already pledged, or she will make that portion of the common line to the St. Law- rence which passes through her territory. We hope to see both lines finished. One continu- ous railroad comnumication with the great rivers and lakes of Canada, or with the principal cities of the United States, would give an impetus to the scxjial and material prosperity of Nova Scotia, which her people anticipate, in confident reliance ujwn th-^ir own resources and on the bounties of Providence. Give them both, and the ti-unk-line through their country must become a source of pros(>erity to the Province, and of revenue to its Government,— only to be paralleled, in the history of the New World, by the celijbrated Erie Canal. But, my Lord, it may be urged that the parent State has many Colonies.'and that she may be embar- rassed by other claims of a similar nature, if this is granted. Admitting the soundness of the objection, I resjiectfuUy submit that it conies too late. The British Government has already established the prece- dents of which Nova Scotia would claim the benefit. The grants to Canada have been already referred to. In 1848, a law was passed by Parliament, guarantee- in^T the interest required on a loan for the public works of the West Indies and the Mauritius, including Railways. , , <• But we humbly conceive that no general rule ot this kind ought to apply, even if the exceptions 40 which 1 have referred did not exist. The Govern- ment of England does not place a lighthouse on every headland, nor maintain a garrison In every English town. It does not build a dockyard ia every county^ nor in every colony. The prominent [wints of the sea- coast are occupied for commercial security, and the most commanding positions for the preservation of internid tranquillity ancT national defence. Gibraltar is a barren rock, yet millions have been exwnded in its capture imd 'defence. Bermuda, in intrinsic value, is not worth a single county of New Brunswick, yet it commands the surrounding seaa, and is therefore occupied for national objects. In like manner, I would respectfully submit, should the "commanding position of Nova Scotia be a[)pre- ciated, occupied, and rendered impregnable— not by the presence of fleets and armies— but by inspinng its people with full confidence in the justice, mag- nanimity and wisdom of the Imperial Government— I 14 Victoriic. Appondix (JS.) A. IS>I. /''(v"\ ''^ |ir. 'nptly xooirinj? to tho I'rovinno nil the advnn- QiNi) ta^cs iirisiiifj f'nmi its |in)\iiiiity to Kuropiv- from its »■'■ " ■^ - — s coiiliiiniii^t williiii ilM Ixisoiii llii- liij^li road, over which, till Jiiiio. in III! tiitii' til ciiiiii', the Anxl'i-Siixiiii iiifc rniiMt |ins>< ill Ihi'ir siic'iiil mill ('i>iniiii.'r('ial intcrcoiirMu with ciich othur. 'Ilirfc iiii' other views of this (|iiestion, my Lord, wliich oii^hl to liMve llieir weight with lh(i (miviim- ini'iil an I |ieo{i|e ol I'lii^lanil The |H)sitioii of (he North American I'roviiiees is peculiar, ami the lenip- tations airl ilani^ers which surroun I tln'fii, trust me, my Lord, recpiire, on the |iarlol"the Imperial (loverii- iiient, a policy at once conciliatory anil energetic. The concessions already made, aiiil the principles aclumwledjicd liy Her Majesty's (lovernmeiit, leave us nothini; to desire, ami Imperial statesmen little to do, in regard to the internal administration of our afliiirs. nut soinethinjj more than this is required l»y the hif^'h-spiritcd raci; who iiihaliit Uritish America. I'luccd hetwceii two mij^hty nations, wi^ sometimes feel that we helom^, in fact, to neither. 'I'weiity millions of people live hesidi^ us, from whos(^ markets our staple productions are excluded, or in which they are liurtheni'd with liij^h duties, because wi^ are. Ilrit- ish suhjects. For the saiiK! reason, the hii^her paths of amhition. on every hand invitiiii^ the anient s|iiiits of the Union, an- closed to us. I'rom ecpial partiiM- pation in common rii^'hts, from fair competition with them in the more elevated duties of dovertiment and the distribution of its prizes, our 15ritish bretiu'iii, on the other side, as carefully exclude us. 'I'ho President of the United States is the son of a schoolmaster. There are more than lOOO schoolmasters teach:n<^ lh(\ rising youth of Nova Scotia, with tlie depressinj^ con- viction uiMin their minds, that no very elevated walks of ambition are o|)tn either to their |)upils or their children. Protection to any sjwcics of industry in Nova Scotia we utterly re|mdiate ; but your liOrdship is well aware that many branches of industry, many de- licate and many coarse manufactures, requiri^ an ex- tended deiiiami before they can be, sustaini'd in any country. 'I'his exteniled demand tho citizens of tin; great llepublic enjoy ; and it has done more for them than even their hi},'h tarill's or their peculiar institu- tions. 'I'he Wooden nutmeg of Coimecticut may flavour, mitaxed, the rice of Carolina. Sea-boiUi' in a vessel wliich traverses two mighty oceans, the coarse cloths of I\Iassachus(^tts enter the Port of St. Franci.sco without It'ar of a custom-house or paymi nt of duty. The stajile exjKjrts of ]\ova Scotia caiuiot cross the Bay of Fundy without paying HO per cent. ; and every s|)eeies ofC'olonial manufactUR! is excluded from Great Britain by the comjiaratively low price of labour here, and fr:)m the wide range ol the Uejmblic by |iroliibitorv duties. The patience with which this state of things has been borne ; the industry and enterprise which Nova Scotia has exhibited, in facing tlie.se difliculties, en- title her to some consideration. Hut a single century has [ia.ssed away since the fust permani'nl occupation of her soil by a Ih'itish race. During all that time she has preserveil her loyalty untarnished, and the, pro[)erty created ujion her soil, or which floats under her (lag u|H)n the sea, is estimated at tho value of £l "),()00,00(). She jirovides lor herovvn civil (nivein- inent,- guards her criminals, -lights her coast, — maintains her piwir, — and educates her peojile, from lierown resources. Her surface is everywhere inter- sected with free roads, inferior to none in America; and her hardy slioresmen not only wrestle with the Republicans for till! tisheries and commerce of the surrounding seas, but enter into successful com[)eti- tion with them in the carrying trade of the world. Such a country, your Lord.ship will readily pardon me for sugg.isting even to my gracious Scvereign's jun- fideiitial advisers, is worth a thought. Not to woun I the feelings of its inhabitants, or even sow. to disre- gard their intPicMts, nmy Iw worth the small aanrifipp Appi-nilu she now re(|uires. C^') Nova Scotia has a claim iiimhi the llritish (lovern- / *~- meiit and Pai'liamenl, which no other coIomv has. 'JiliJuoe. The mineral treasures in hi'r bosom are supposed to be as inexhaustible as the fisheries UjHin her coast or the riches of her soil. Nearly the whole have been bartered away to a single company, for no ade(piate provincial or naliomd object. .\ monop.ily h.is thus iieeli created, w liieh woimds the pride, while it craMip.< the in liislry of the people, if Nova Scotia Wiii^ a State of the .\mericai; Union, this mouopolv wnulil not last an hour. If she now asked to have tliis leaso cancelled or bought up, that her in Itistry might li!) free, she would seek liolhing Ulireasonable. Tho emaiieipation of our soil is perhaps as much an olili. g:itiiin resting upon the people of I'lngland, as was tho emanei|iation of the slaves. No (jovirnmeiit dare create such a uionopolv in Fngland or in Scotlanil ; ari'l bear with I'le.my l are as keen, our priile as sens]- live, as those of I'.nglishmeii or Scnlehnif n. Break up this monopoly, and capital would llou into our mill 's, an I the mill 's would furirsli nn! only iinploy- melit tiir r.iilioads, I lit give iin impetus to our coast- ing and liiieign trade. Nova Scoiiaiis have sern £'^0,000,000 not lent, but given, to llieir li How-colonists in the West Indies. They admired the spirit whiidi overlooked pecuniary coiisiilerations in vii'W of great principles of national honour and liumanity. But by that very act they lost, liir a time, more than would make this railroad. Their coiiiiiierce with the West indies was seriously deranged by the ch.inge, rind the consumption of (ish, their gre.'it stajile, larg(dy diminished. If money is no object when the n.ational honour is at stake in the West Indies, why should it be in Bri- tish .\merica ? If the eiiianeipaiionof sdO.OOO P.la(dn')ia (N.) vvlilch Is nriw half rlnsfd tn mo liy ii ■•.\\\y iirnliiliilnry (Illlll'H. " 'I'll" Urilisli (lnvi'i'iiiii'iit ciiiil.l lii'cik ildwii (lii'Mi- liiilllllirs ill oiii'i', liy I'liiiili/iii:; lllciii. 'I'lif iiMitlii-r fimiilry - tri|)iily -III -ir (isli'rii's in imii iiiir:il ciiiiiii'titinn -:in I ill vviiicli ('111 I ill liir-n'ti'"!' In piiliKc imiimvi'iii 'iit, nr iritinn il .s'curilv, is lli 'only i'i-.^ikhh' tli 'v rn 'it, whrii liny iiiiiki' tci ifu! Iiiiji riiil mithiirilii'M a |ir"|iiHifi(iti Oiilciiiiit 'il tn ki'i'p iiliv.' tli'ir iritinnil riitliiHiaMin. wliil' (I 'v.'lniiin;^ tli'ir iiitiTiia! rcsniirc s > Til' iiTa III' a f,'r.'iit inti'r-cniniii.il Uiilrnail In unite till' iJiilisli Am 'ricaii I'inviiii'i's, ni'it;iiriti'i| willi I.nril D.iriiam. In 111'' cniili I. ?it li 'iii'l' lli.it this wnii; w.is In Ii • ri'!j;ai'.liil as mi ■ of .iitiniiil iiii)inrt;ilir'i', .NnVli iS^'dliii |i;iiil Inwalils tln! Slllvry nl' til' lili • I! ill'ly i^SOOl). 'I'll • aMtici|iiilini| that lIli' rnmjil'linn n\' this ^iTat VVni'li, in cnilll 'I'tinll witll !1 Si'll.'lll ' of cntnni/a- tinn.wniilil ri'dr. ss iiiaiiynl th' cviNan I in 'nualitii'sun- rl.T %vlii('h till' rrnvini'is lalinur, for snm • tiin • Ininyc'il lip til.' spirits nl' 111,! p 'dpi.', mil 111.' (lisappnintm rit is kc'iily li'lt ill prnpnrtinn as linp.s wi'iv san^'iiin '. Il' till .1 tiK' Hrilish (Invi'rnin.'nt has iihaninn 'i| thi- liiilicy to wliicli, prhaps tnn hastily, wi- assum.Ml that It WHS i'!i'(l;^i'il ; if 111,' I'jiii|iiri' will miiki> iin nmils ihrniiuh its tcriitnrics (an I thu Icninns ni' Uj'itain iiiiiiht Il ■ wnis^ I'liiplnyt'il) ; siiriiy it caiinnt h,' ics-i fhau maiin 'ss Id ii-rrnit I'nn'ijrn 'rs tn n.alu' th -m ; an I it must 111' snim I slati'maii-ihip In aiil th.i ("nlnnial Un- voriim rits, wlii'iirvi'r ih'y will assiimt' tln' r.'spnnsi- liility nf t'nn-itriu'tiirj an I cniilnilliri',' the i^T'at hit,'h- ways n I less ii 'Ci'ssary I'nr iiiti'nial iniprnvi.'mi'iit than liir intiiinal (Icll'iii'i'. ir the rnaii acniss Niva H/otia is ciuimi ivnl, tiu" Hjiirits nl' llu; fiilonists will rovivi'. IC oxtcn li'il lirsi tn I'nrllan I, it will " prepare the way," tnciiipiny ymir liiinlships (iwii lari.;iia^i', "for th' cxecutiiin nl the linj In tiui'liec ; an 1 il will cnntrihnti! tn tlu; same en 1, namely, that of reii leiin;; Halifax the j^ieat port of ciimmmiicatinn b'tweeil the twn cnntitl'lits nf Liurnpe an I Aiiuriua.' I have said that the iJailrnad acrnss iVnva Sentia, will lij the cnmiium trunk liir the Qiielit'c an. I I'nrt- laii I iili's, wh,'n,!Ver these are male. Th.' Iliiiiiei cannnt h.' (Minstriieted liy the <;nlnnists, unless the Hritish (Inveriim '111 make lib 'ral cnntriliuliniis. The lin,' to i'nrllan I will lie made cither with lirilish or Am 'rican capital. If by the latter, then, my Lord, it is wnrth whili' tn ini|uiiv, in what pnsition the IJritish GovernmeiU will stan I, shniild they ever attempt tn realizi! Lord Durham's mai^iuliei'iit coneeption, an I find that the liist link in the i^icat chain of inter-cnln- ni.il communication is already in possession of their en niics ! Tlie Am.'ricans at this moiu'iit are pultin.; forth th'ir utmost skill to ciimp 'te with our oci'aii ste.-imers. When th.' Kailroail is constructed across A'ov.i Sco- tia an I New Mrunswick, th 'ir linats must start from an 1 return tn Halifax, or the competition will beat an en I. A rivalry, honourable to both nations, may still contitiue ; but, hoW'Ver the olds may turn, at least we shall have th ■ satisliiction to rellect, that the in 'vilable result of that comji.'titioii is tn bull I up a noble maritiiii' city vvdhin ll.'r M.ijesty's dnmmions. The ihitish (lovcrnm.'nt now ]iays, t'nr the cnnvey- aneu III' the iVnrth Am-rican mails b'tw.'en F'ini^hin 1 nn I New V'ork, .£ 14 J. ODD, si 'ilinj; per annim." Hy this arranj;'ment. 1107 miles of sea are travcrs'd m ire thin are n 'cessary. The cnrn'sp.m tenee of all I'lUrope with all .'\m -rica is delay. -d fii'ty-six hours !)•. yon 1 the ti'ne which will b.' actually rciiuinnl lor its ciillV'-yance, w!ien the TlanriMid.i affiwn trefiind Rlld Moya Sentia are completed. (•lie set nf these lliitish mail sleimiers pass by our nwn I'lnvini'cs. an I. In the morlilic.ilion of their in habitants, carry their litters, ami even the piililic ilen- jiatch 's nf their ( !ovi'inm"nt, In the I'll, led SlaleR, tu II,' si'iil back soiu' NOO miles, if they com,- by !ailJ ; lit le.isl .'lOO, if s, ■111 by «,'M. VVliili' the ir'ar.'st leu I to I'.urope is lliitish terri- tory, -whili' a liiiiboiir, iilmosi nialchl,'ss for :.,'curity an I cap icily, invit.'s l'',n'.ili»hinen to build up within the I'lmpire a (ittili',' rival to th,' m'eat coniiiierciiil tti. lies which are rising,' b'Vonl it, ymir l,oi-i|slii|i will re.idilv eompn'h ii I the ileiilti an I cariiesln ss of our impiticnee tn b.' n'seiieil lioin a posilinii which woiin Is our pride as lliitish subj 'cts, and is calculiw t,'d r.ipi,||y to j^'U'rate the b'lie'', that the comnian I- iii'i position of our country is ciilier not nn lerstnn.l, or our interests but li'jhlly valued. .My liord. I ilo n it touch the ipiestion of Mniigriv lion an I (-'olniiizalioii. b.'caiis' 1 have already trds- passi'd larti'ly iijion your Inr.lship's patience, iinl he- caus' I do n it wish In encumber th ' snbjert. Thfiro i.i an 'her r.'asnii, m\ Lnrd. I do not desire to enter ineidi'iilally upon a li '11 which has yielded so many crops nf fallacies, but which, prnperly culliyated, iniy V;t b.'ar noble fruit. I wish tn examine what may have b.'en recently siid an 1 vvrillen in I'iiiiilaiid, on this im|iortant subject, before expri'ss'in( my opinion. This inly I may say, that if the Ibilisli Islands havo surplus labour, there is room I'nr il all in the North Am 'ric.in I'mvinees ; an I that the hnnniir. '11111 the in- ti'rests of Kn'.ilan 1 are deeply coiiccrned in planting that iiibniir in the riiflit place. I am aware, my Lord, th.'it it is the fashion, in cer- tain (|iiarters, to speak of the frati-rnal feelinL,'s which, hi'iicef irward, are to mutually animate the |io|iulation of Cnal Urilaiii and of the \'nited States. 1 wish I coiild credit the reality of their existence ; but 1 must b.'lievc the cvideiice of my own senses. A f'w years a,_'o I spent the dth of .lulyat .Mbaiiy, The cerei ionics of the day were imposin;^. In nno • if th ' lar^^est public halls of the city, an immcnso bo ly of persons were assembled. I'lii'lish, Irish and Scotch faces were n.'ither lew nor far beiween. In the presence nf thai breathless audietice, the old bill of in lii'tm 'tit aj;ainst l''iml.iild, the !)cclaration nf In- dep n lence, was read ; and at every clause each ynung .Vmi'ricaii knit his brows, anil every Briton li'.iiii' his head with shame. 'I'heii followed the oration ol tho day, in which every nation, eminent tor arts, or arms, or civilization, received its meed of jiraise, but Klig- lan I. She was held u[) as the universal opiires.sor an I scoui'ij;e of the whole earth, — whose [iassai;e down the stream of time was marked by blooii and iisun'il- tinn, —whose certain wreck, amidst the 'roubled v ■"cs was hut the in vitable' retribe.tion attendant on a course so ruthless. As the or.itor closed, the young Americans knit their brows airiiia ; and the recent emij^rants, I fear, carried away by the sjiirit of the seen ', cast aside their allegiance to the land of thoir fath'-rs. I lad this scene, my Lord, occurred in a single town, il would haviwiiade but a slight impression; but, on that Very day, it was acted, with more or less oi' skill an. I exaggeration, in every town and village of tho Kejiublie. It has been reiieated on every llh of .July since. It will be repeated every year to the en;l of time. .\n.l so long as that ceremonoy turns ujKm l''.ngland, every twelve month, the concentrated hatred of Republican America, it cannot bi; a ques- tion of indid'eri'nce. whether the emigrants who de- sire to leave the mother-countr,', should settle within or beyon I the boiin laries of the emiiire. There is, my Lonl, another view of this question, that is pregnant with materials for reflection, and that shoulil task tlu! stalesmtmship of Knglanil, indciund- cntly of it, though deserving to be glanced ut iu Apponilik Itti Juli,'. 14 \'i<'U)riii> A|)|HMulix (I*'f.) A. 1851. Ap|i<;iiilix (N.) r~ --^— — )th Juni'. A tliiH ^nnn.xi.m. 1 havp miM il.uf th« North A.iu-ri- .Mil IV<.vin"-H til! lirtvv.Tii mi)iiii«My imtiou*. yi-t ' h.,l.m.^, in t.ct, to iK-ilh.T. Tl.iH l.n.n.li ol 1... mil.- i,.,-.t ii will.'. Ill) I 'i.iv Ik- viin.iusly iIIusHmI.mI. I .-r- , Imiw. h, tor. l.'Mvi.i,' 'Knulnn I, I nny ri.tl yn.ir l,..r.l- , hhiV's .itt.-niion I" It .iKiim. For Hi'' l'r>' -fiit I ciifim- || tnVNi'ir !'• 'I ''iiit.'l'' 'll'"*'"'"''""' ... >. 1 , • ' VVIiiili'Vii' iiiiiv 111? Uu' (Iccisii'ii .•! ll.T iMiOfstyH Covcmm.nt \\\m\\ iIih cliiiiii, wlilclif ri'Hs ii|M)n your l,.irilshii.'-< ivlici-, I bi- icvc. iml«'vi-ry on.' of my foiintryiiuM will ImIu'v timl il prfjciit.-il to the iniyV nii.nous i.ml ciiIikIiI-ii'';! A«>;'''"- j f)ly whiTi) we iiri' not iv|)ioH'iit.''l, l>y "I I'-vv iN<'va Scotiiins, whos,' h.':irts w.Te iu tlr- .'ntcri.tis.' ; svho*' knowMj;.- of till- I'osition ah.! rc.mircin.'iit,s .. nritisli i; Aim'riivi wis iniimli- iitid viirloiis-. vvli.w zi'.il lor tlu- ^ iiitcL'rit\ of till' t'liipiri', aiiillv^ ln-nourol tito Lrown, coulil not l.i' .|Ui' tionnl, th- Hi'Uh.! ot t oiimions : woiilil not iHTiiiittlii'in topii'ihl in viiin. , But, my l.oni, uv liivr no such pr-ilcRO. We \\ daily sn- our frii'iids or a(i|uainlanc.' iktoss I if frontier, not only (listiiiniiisliinu lli.'uisilvi's in llu' Stat." I.:«islatuivs wliicli c.'iiail tlicir iiiunici|)nl inte- rests, l)ui rnricliinn the nationii councils with the , varied el()(|ucnce and kuowlciln;.' dr.isvn from every ; mrtionof the Union. From the luilmnal councils ol , his eiiuntry, the British Amcriean is shut out. i I'^'ery day he is hejjiiinin;,' to fed the contrast more j keenly. I was not at the reci nt TortliUid Conven- ] tion, lull th:' Colonists who did attend, a.-^tomshed the | Airierieans hy their general hearin;;, aliilits and elo- quence. But when these men separated, it was with the deiire.ssing conviction in the hearts of our |K'oiilt, that one set would he heard, peilLips, on the lloorsol Cotlgres^ the week .after, or he ce.nveyeil m nationa ships to foreign Kmhassies ; while the other could never lift their voices in the British i'aiiuiinent, nor aspire to higher enipUiynient than their several pro- vinces could bestow Let us then, my Lord, at lea.st feel, that if thus excluded, we have hut to present a Jaini or a case worthy of consideration, to have it dealt with in a fair and even generous spirit. -♦ The warrior of old, whose place was vacant m the pageant, was yet present in the luarts of the in-oiile. So let it he with us, my I.ord. If the seats which many whom 1 have leftliehind me, could occujiy with • honour to thcm.selves, and adv; ntage to the enmire, are still vacant in the national councils, let iNova Scotia at least he consoled hv the rellec'.on that her past history pleads for her on every fitting occasion. pneny ,ind power. In ("iirering siii.'gestions to the Ministers of the Crown, 1 feci, mv Lord, the distance which divides me, in rank and intelligence, fnuii those I would pre- sume to counsel ; and yet 1 am not without a hojie that they will give some weight to the jiosition I occujiy, and to the training which my mind has received. If I understand the (jucstions to he apjiroaehed better than many persons of far higher attainments — if I feel more acutely their coimiiaiiding imjiort- nnce, it is because, being a native of North America, I have travelled much over the lu'ovinces, and min- gled familiarly, and for many years, with all classes of their iiilialiitaiits; and being a member of Her Ma,iesty's Ciiuiicil in the province I represent, I am bound by my oath to oiler my advice, through^ the channels established by the Constitution, io my Sove- reii;n, in matiers of State, which I believe to involve the^hoiiour of the Cniwn and the integrity and jmi- speritv of the emiiire. To' provide employment for her surplus capital ami l;il,(„„- — to extend her home market.s — to relieve her j poor-rates — to enijity her poor-houses — to reform her I convicts — to diminish crime — to fill up tlie waste ; places of the empire, and to give the great mass of ' her poimlation a share of real estate, and an Interest I in property, 1 believe to b," |)rc-eminently the mission and the duty oi this great country ut the present time. Appendi f— — "*—" O.li ,1 oil' M V 'k lorijo. A|)|i('M«li\ (iN.) A. INil Appcnilix li-r ,,. , TI.,-i"-n..liHfiiv.mful»liv Th,f n'm..VHh.i 7 . "^ j^|.^. (iii.iv.M. mil u'lv-ii lit Ih" ""'""'■• :;'„pl,!lh'^-r.m.-ot-.vi;,r'.vln.l. "Il.'.-.hti.n,.....r Sllll I'MStlll'^ ri'lifvi'il. Ill riiMi'. riill ■ctiuii ui»>u III" i"''ii"^ ''^ \\\\u-n II nr-iMiir,' iil»'ii iiilu-iliy iiimn h' tii'tlirr »(M.I,,,u,.li".ntol virw,lliM''''i'"l '^»l-;;';',v'";>',i Tl.imks I.. Ill" |'""''v ^^l'''-!' "'" l"''^. ""•''•■"' •""" ricl .ml. 111.' North Aiiriirim rr-vii h luv r- I'lVii {■iiiititri-'M fvi'i- fiiii li', ln>ii' liivi'xt mI with «'iiiitiMl "vcr tliir.AVii iiir..ii-:< ati I ivs..ttrf.'H. lli.-y li;ivv in.w llic " hllVC II Hllll'Cfl' ill" ■'•, ll> III t , IW llVll (11.41 II .iillH, :i():Ul), . ill H.-otliiiwI. I.OOO; mi 1 in iii'lmi'l. !l'.M'i. tiiukii'i -:i,Tn ill iill; 111 whom tl;Ji)» win- Iriuixj-nrt- I'li, mil :iT,:!';;l iiiiiiri«nii;'il. ,.,11 I litnl Ihiit ill 1.-s. In Kimliinl iiiiil\ViilfH.V"U(iiii'ioyiil«,H'4» lici'), lit a »oKt ol III) I'i'tiirn. cin' lii'Vi'd, ill* III il iir,rn':< mi l.'i^iir.', Hi Ih'v ii-'>iin''Hv consult w.!li ifr'ir hivlirm on tins .^i li- ot the M- li,„,i,. „„ .•oiniiion iiiriiMiivM ol iimtii.il ii.lvmitiMic 1 thiiili I n.:.y K.y thi.t wliil.- th-v milirimt- Kiviit H-. n lit tVoMi til- i-o.,.i.cnilioiimil iiul ol I il iiioili. i- ..imnli'v in inMuioru,- tli- ir i.iiMir wo.is. t Vy mv not „i„„;„"iriil ol' tii.-ii' .Inty to ci.n^i.l.T th.- p. riiliar ,,u..slions in whirli this .•"nnlry t.-rl-i mi inl.T.;st ; ,|„ 1 III l,ik.' .■m- tliiit whili- iivmliii',' llwiiis.'lvcs ot llv ,.r..ilii „( Kniiini.l. no [k rimn nt i.l.liiion is nm.li- to jiisr imhliv.' Imu'IIi ns, 'Ilii- siili'p'i'ls oi'<'oloniziiti"ii mil l-iii I) I'n most cliihonitilv iliscii.^.s.d. I !'■ ,H,i,„s ill whuh willrrs mil mvnkn-s iIiIHt , in mis !li,v all :i.av..,lliattlu' Hritisli Islan Is haw an intmrst in thi'si- Mil.j.Tis s,'<-,ii,i 1.1 lion- that has .'viT l..;.'ii JVit I'v anv nation in mitii'nt or nio.l rn tun. .s. I n<' .r II t'.'w liicis will 111- suthcii lit to cNliiliit lliis hi'lirl', TliP statistical I. Ill ins ot |Kilic. iiH'ii lincliiilin:; till' l.onloi. |io i;."i71t.;i:7 Is. Mil. I'l S< iillaml I liiivf Unl takin,' the ahovi- fads to;.Miiil>' ns, il ii|i|irars thiit, for nil II' |iiir|toSis of iiiNrnal rrprcssioii, iiml ll.'' arrint of criniinals, to Miy iiolliin;4 ol h mhII. s iml innii- ni'i'ahlf l>insli olIiciTs, yon iiiainlaiiii'il, in ii*i^. li-silrs the '.tM» Min.iMltl !;raiited hy rarliaiiient to:' the reii.'f of Irish distress, and provisions sent from „tlu-r countries. ill.-iltMiTH were raised in Ireland lor the siipiioit of tliei.o.M-.aii.l that 1, t.-.:,!'.) t. o,- nnirly 1 i„|t 111 .-. of the entire po|Milatioll. received relicl. Il, Scotland, where the popiilatioii is onlyHWO.OOO, a lifth more than that of Ihitish .\menea, .t.VH.sm wrre expellfd t.-r the nlief of the pour iii IS.H.mol'C Ihiii was siHiil hv the I'our llritish proviuees on their ,.ivil niivenimeiit; roads, cdu. atioii. liL'hts, interest on ,l,.l,tsr and all other services put toL'eth'r; •i-iT.t.t. iKTsiins were relieved, the amount expended on each Ii,.iii.' X,i Ts, it I.; a siimipiile sullicielit to li.ive jiaul, il, irr,M.^iilarlv appointed steamboat, the passay;.' ol ,.;i -h r.-^.p' 111 to I5r;tisli America. Ill iaiL'liiil. in the same year. i;ii.l.sll.:tl.-, were riised lor the relief of the jioor, or Is. lOd. in the l„,m„l 1,11 CC.7.:!00..-iS7. The nnml'cr aided was 1 ^7i;,r)H. or aliout I out of every 1 1 persons occu- i.viii" this (xardeii of the world. The sum paid for ciicirwas i^vt n iiinher than in Scotland, liein^ £:i f)s. I'nd per li'ad, iiKa-e than .snUicient to have paid the ,,;,s^n.ie t.i North America from Livei'iH.ol or Soiilhaiiiploii. ,, , , ,-11 1 iiun to th.' workhouses ol hnirlaii.l. and liii:l that In I- 111 th-re were in these receptacles, .'in.l.'is iioys, ail I •!.■.. I'i."> 'inis, of wh.nii H-H'>1 were lit for service, ill lielaul. under is, there were ii(».,^.l 1 hoys an.l (•.('..■is.-> L'iils, the a'.iL;rei;ate in the two coiiiiliies hein,!:; Is.-i.l-'-:. , , Tiiiuiii'..; to the criiniiial calendar, il appears that in l.s|.-* tliiiv were committed w 'jUcnces in F/iigland 1 mill Irish statesmen il t ake thesi' ^rcat mir lir.threii .in I pnv- h.'i"« 11 luct - 'I sea, 'ind with whicl cannot coiii|iete ? Driven lo attrihiite to Ih'itisl want of eonraife mid forecast, resourci s uvnilable to muinlain ted tlieir morals, or to HllsjH'et tli.' latter o| more idle, d 'irraded, an 1 criminal, than their con abroad would w:..i.int, we gladly escape li-.iii tho api,riliensi(.n of doiie.' jieneral inj"-"'V by layiii,^ tho 1,|,;„„. „„ ,„ir rulers. May it he the elevated dcter- inination of Her iMaje .ty's Advisers to relieve us Irom the (hlenmia, bv wiping out this national reproaci,. One .sit of cc(Mioiiiists propose to remedy this stiito of thinus hy restiaints upon nature, which are simply Mipossrble ,1111.1 woul.l be wicked if they were liiit ; another lai.;.' political party desire to Iced the peoplu by a retiiririo pioteelioli and the revival of class in- terests, wilh all their d.'lusions and hostilities; a third liiiik hopi'fully forward to the huther developi eiit of domestic industry in ac.'oi.lmice v.ith the pniicii>lcs of free trade. . All my ^iympatllies are with the latter; but wliilo hostile tarilVs exist in most of the pupuloiis Slates of Kuroiie and America. 1 would aid them by the v.rcur tion of new markets within ihi- (ineeii's doniinions, by the jnilicions hcation of those who are a burden, uinm the'lerlile lands of the emiiire. that tlwy may becoiim customers to those who remain at home. One writer, whose book I have reiul recently, ob- jects to this, becnise he says that if any part of tho pdimlation is dispiace.l, youii^ jieople will many, and increase the numbers until the vacuum is lilli'd up. The youn^ ou.^^ht certainly not to object to this, or the old either. If his ihein-y be souii.l, it atiswirs the objections of those who fear too jiicat dimiiiulion of inimbeis by eiiii..iralioli ; an.l eoloiii/alion would still have this "lulvaiita.^e, that it w.iel.l strengthen the transatlantic provinces, ami make more ciislomers for Hritiiin anil Ireland, even should t! ir jiopulation rc- iiiiiin the fame. Hut it may bo said there is but one enlightened mode of colonization, ami, unde.- the jialroiiage of the (uivernment ami of associated companies, that is bo- iii<' very extensively tried in our southern and eastern possessions. . , „ Of the Wakefield theory I woul.l speak with all respect ; of the' coiiibin.ir ellorls of piiblic-spiriteJ individuals, 1 would be the last to disapprove ; tho ju.licious arrangein.nts made by the Government '('iimniissioners, for the selection of emigrants, tho ventilation and security of ships, and tho di.slribution 14 Victorine. Appendix (IV.) A. 1851. ^Appendix (N.) , 1 , tth .riino. of labour, an-' wliich I !iavo carefully examined, cFial- lenM in most of tlwir dftaiis, my oiitiro sanotion. Ida not wish to clicck tln^ proi^rcss, in tlu'so valua- ble colonics, of iissoi'iati'il ciit.'ipri.se ; I do not desire to restrict the growtli of Mopuliition within them, or to supersede tlii! limctions of t!ii' Hoard of Land and Eniiffration ; I wi.^h flieso rising communities (Jod speed, and success to ail those who take an interest in them. Hut 1 turn from them to the North American lield, pcrhajw because I know it best. l)ut a.ssuredly because believe that to people and strenijthrn it will secure political advantao(!s ot the vimv liiL'lii>st importance, and becaiL-Te 1 a|)i>rehend that the Eastern C'ol.jnies, however they may invwper and improve, will olfer but hom(Bopathic remedies for the internal iiuiladies of Kngland. In twenty-two years, from \mr, to 1840 inclusive, only 12V3-Z persons went I'rom thf United Kin-.,n|om to the Australian t^oioni.-s and New Zealand. In the same I»eriod, 710,410 went to the United States, to strength- en a foreign aad a rival Power, to entrench them- selves behind a hostile tariif, and to become consumers of American manufactures, and of t'oreign productions, seaborne in American bottoms ; they and the count- less generation tliat has alreads- sprung from their loins, unconscious of regard for liritish interests and of allegiance to the Urowii of Eni;land. In twenty-two years l'i4.27-j s(;ttlers have gone t(j Australia and New Zealand ; about half the number on the poor rate of Scotland in KS48,not a tenth |)arl of the paupers relieved in Ireland, or one in fourteen oftho.se who were sujjported by England's heavily- taxed industry in that single year ; not more, I ai)i)re- hend, thandii ! of fimine in a single cou. .>' of Inland ' from 1846 to i»:,0 ; ;mii1 le.ss, by 00,000" than the number of the young peo])le who "were in the work- houses of England and Ireland in 1840. Valuable as the.se Eastern Colonies may be, res- pectable as may have been the etlin'ts to improve them, it is maniltjst that whetlvr we re.i.s22 Ions. Of these 'Nova Sco- tia owned in tonnage 14l,0!»;!. I in number more than the other lour )iut together, or 2..".,s:i. But it may be as.serted that the clim.ate of North America is rigorous and severe. The answer we North Americans give to this objection, is simple Do me the honour to glance, my Lord, at Ihe hemisphere winch contains the three (|uarters of the (Jld World and dividing Ihe northern countries fr.uii the south' the rigorous climate from the warm and enervating' salisly yoursell in which reside at this moment, the 0 ncres lin- every innn, woin;in, iitnl chilli, in the United Kin.,'doins. " Now supjioso you siinre us two millions of [voiile, you will U; relievi-.d of that nuinluM-, wlio now. driven liy destitution to tho unions or to crime, swell the iioor-rat-s an I crowd the prisons. With that number we shall he enahled, with little, or no assistance, to rejiel forei'_'n a,<;;^ression. We shall stiil have ;i sipiarc mile, or (UO acres, for every inha- bitani, or 4. tso acres t()r every head of a family which Hritish .\m 'rica will then contain. Is not this a countrv worth lookin;; after, worth some aiiplicalioii of Imperial credit, nay, ev(>n some expi'li- diture of public funds, that it may' be filled with frieii Is ,; pot enemies, customers not rivals, imjiroved. oi'iianizcd j and retained f The policy of the Uepublic is protec- ^ tion •() home manufactures, Whose cottons, linens, j woollens, cutlerv, iron ; whose salt, machinery, guns, ', and paper, do the "01.401 emit;rants who went to the '} United States betv.een 18-i5and I84() now consutno ? | Whose have they consumed, after every successive ! year of cniiu'ratitin '. Whose will they and their de- ,| scendants continue to consume '. Those not ol' the mother-country, hut of the Unite 1 Ssati's. This is a view of the (|ui'stioii which should stir, tose the llepuhlic' could extent her tariir over the otner portion of the continent, she could then lauiih at the I'lve Trade jiolicy of lMi';land. Hut if wo retain that |iolicy. and the Colonies besides. I'ritish ; goods will dow over the frontier, and the Americans must deti'nd their revenue by an army of oilicers ex- tendiu'.! ultimately over a line of JiOOO miles. 'l"he l)alance of i)ower in Europe is watched with intense interest by British statesmen. The slightest movement in ihesmallest slate, that is calculated to ; cause vibration animates the ForeignOfFiee. and often adds to its ]ier]ilexities and labours. Hut is not the liiilance of power in America worth retaining ? Sup- pose it lost, how would it ali'ect that of Europe ! Canning', without much redoclion. boasted that hi' had redressed the balance of power in the Old. by calliii'.' the -New World into existence. Hut. even if tiie vaimt were justifiable, it was a world beyond th>' limit ot the (iueeii's dominions. We have a new world within them, at the very door of Engl.and. with boundaries defined, and, undeniably by any li)reiirn Power, subject to her sceptre. Already ii lives, and moves, ami has its being; full of hope and proniise. and fond attachment to the molher-coimtry. The new world of which CanninLT spoke, when its debts to Knuland are counted, will appear to have been a somewhat costly creation : and yet. at this moment. Nova Scotia's "little lleet of ri,.Vf<;j sail could sweei' everv So nil American vessel from the ?a<'ific and Atlantic < >eeans. ! am no' an alarmist, my Lord, but there appeal- to be many in iMiizland, and some of ihcm lioldiii'j; liiuh military and social positions, who consider tlies" isl.iiiils deti'neeless from continental invasion by any lirst-rate Eu ropean I'ower. (Nmlident as 1 am in their re- sources, an I liopehil of their destiny, i must conli'ss that the military and naval jiower of France or Rus- sia, aided by the sti'nm fleet and navy of ihe I'nitcd States, would tiiake a contest doubtful tiir a time. however it mijht ultimalidy terminate. Hut sup)io>e the I'nited States to extend to Hudson's liay with an extension over the other half of the continent, of the spirit wliicb animates the Republic now ; imagine Appendix Grrat I5ritain without a harbour on the Atlantic or ;hc_ (N.) I'aeidc that she could call lur own, without a ton of,, * , eoal liir her steamers or a spar to repair a ship ; with oili Jun«. the .")000 vessels which the \orthern I'rovinres ( veil now own, with all iheir crews, and the fishermen who line their shores, added to the maritime strength of the en 'inv, whos," arsenals and outposts would then be advanced 500 miles nearer to England; even if Newfouiiillan 1 and th" West India Islands could be retained, which is extri'iiiely doubtful. 'I'he picture is too jiainliil to be dwidl on lougir than io show how intimatelv inl'-rwoven are the (pieslions to which I have veiitureil to call v.iiir Eor.lship's attention, with the forciu'u alliiirs of the empire. 1 do not go into comp:irative illustrations, because 1 desiri- now to shov/ how a judicious use of the resources of North Ame- rica may not only iivert the danger in time of war, but relii'vc the ]iressure upoi\ the Home (lovcriniient in times ol' p 'are. There is no passion stronger, my Fjord.than ihe de- sire to own some portion of the earth's surface, - tr> call a piece of l:md, somewh"re. our own. How few I'lnrlishmen, who boa.'-t that they rule the sea, own fi single acre of land. An Englishman calls his Iioush his castle, and so perhaps it is, but it raridy stands ujion his own soil. How few tlieri' arc who may not be driven out. or have their castles levell. d with iho ground, whtli the lease falls in. There is no accurate return, but Ihe ]iroprietors ! of land in the wdiole United Ixingdem arc cslimatcd I at 80.000. I Of the 2.(>20,00^ inhabilant.s th;if Seotland con- lalus, l)Ui. o-;i'..(>,'.0 live !>y iigl'ieiillure; all the rest, driven in by tie.'- hiiili |)ri(.-c of 1,'inil. arc employed in trade and manufactures. I^vicled lli^,dJl,ln(l^'r^i rot in the sheds of (irceiii 'k; the lowl.ind |ic;i- sanl's ollsiiiiny; perish annually in the larger ciiies, for\v;int of employment, food, and air. In Ireland, theic are, or were recent!)-, 4 l.-^di farms under oni^ acre in extent, 4T:i.T.").") raii^'iiig from one to thirty, lietwcen isiland Is l.s, ,s(i(>,- (;00 people were driven out of thesr: small lioldiuKS ; iheir hovels, in many cases, biu'iit ovci' their hi'ad;-i, and their furnilurc "canted" into the streets. Whence come Chartism, Soci.ilism, O'Connor land schemes, and all sorts of theoretic daiiirers to pro- perty, and i)rcseii[)tions of new modes by whiidi it may be acquired? From thi.s condition of real estate. I'eeause tho great mass of tlie people in these three kiimdoms own no part of the .suii, have no bit of' land, however sin II, no homestead for tlifir families to rsicRo,M.. cvri-i...|).'n(lins civil Will- ' : ^ A lU'vv aspect would he «ivci, io all llic ciucstioi.s " ""' which arise out of this cnudilion ol iii-<.|ifrty nt home, if a wise nvi.roi.nation were madeol the vu-- Cinsoil of lheeuii>ire. Cive llu^ Scotchman, who has no laiid.a piece of Norlh Auierica. inireuased 1,V Ihe l.lood wl.icli slaiueil ihe tarlan on llic plauis of Ahrahatn. Let ihe Irish.nan or ihc F,n-hshti.an whoso kin.lred chuhl.ciht.s ol pro- , pertv. and permancntlv relieve the people. It would 1 silence n>rrarian e plaint, and enlarjie the numher , of proprielors. 'J he poor man, who saw hetort^ hmi ! the prospect of securin- his 100, his 1000 acres, hy , iiu.derale industrv, would no lonjrer envy the 1 rilish I proprietor, whose estaU' owed its value to hi^h cul- i tivalion, hut was not much lar-er m extent. j But it niav I'l^ uiiTcd thai if this policy he adopt- j, ed ilmavemptv the Tniled Kingdoms into ^M-\h \ Al'neiiea.' aud hirnelv reduce tlieir populalK.n. No i apprehensions of this result ne< d he entertained, j Tiicre are few who can live in (.ireal Ihitam or Ire- | land, in comfort and security, who will ever no : anvwhcrc else. The atlachmeiit to home, with all : its'endearins; associations, ioiuis the first restrauit. 1 The scat of empire will ever attract around it the : higher and more wealthy classes. The value ol the home market will retain every apricullurist who <'aii he prolitahlv cm])loyed upon the land. J he j accumulated cap"ital, science and machinery, m the ! large commercial and manufacturing centres, will o-o on enlarfiiuf; the (ieul of occupation just m pro- portion as thev are relieved from the pressure ol tax- L>tion. Uesido, emitahlishiiieiits, without a svstem, cost now : Appendix I'ofir Rates. Eiiirland. Scoilaliil, Ireland. Comtttdiulavy. I'ai'ilaiid, Ireland. Coin-ids at home and ahroad, • Kmhvdliiin, lt^4'.>, (exclusive of eahiii- passenu'ers.) paid ti'om private or Paro- chial I'lind^. - - - ■ ' Paid hv I icveiiiinriit. £(i.l!SO,'Jti.") .54l.:!.'!4 l,-2U'>..l of prisons, or that propoili..n of them which mi-hl he saved if the criminal calendar were less mi'dit fairlv he added to the amount. I he prison at York cost 1-iOO/. per head tor each erimi- ,ii,l_.:i sum larue enouirli, the inspee'.or oh.serves, "to huild for each prisoner a separate mansion, stahle and eoaeh-house." A large proportion <.f the cost ot trials misxhl also he added; and as twelve Jurymeu must have heeu sumnione I to trv most of the V.\.i'A\ per- .sons convicted in 1,-ls, the waste ..f valuahle time Mould form no inemisulerahle item, it it were. T"he loss of property stolen by those whom jioverty first made criminal, no economist can estimate ; ami no human skill can calculate the value of lives and 9,1, j„ne. property destroyed in agrarian outrages, when wretch- edness luis deepened to despair. My plan of Colonization and Emigration is ex- tremely sim]ile. It emhraecs — Ocean Steamers for the poor as well as the rich ; The pre]iaralion of the Wikl F.ands of Xorth America for settlement ; and Puhlic Works to empk)y the peoule. 1 do not propose that the British Government should pav the passage of anybody to America. I do not, theVefore. require tocomhat the argument upon this point with which the Commissioners of Land and Emigration usuallv meet crude seheme.s. ]iressed with- out much knowledge or reflection. 'I'he [leople must pay Iheir own jiassages ; but the Government, or some national association, or puhlic company to he organ- ized for that pnr])ose, must protect them from the casualties that beset them now, and secure for them cheapness, speed, and certainty of departure and arrival. If this is done, by the employment of steam- shi[is of proper construetam, all the miseries of the long voyage, with its sure concomitants— disease and deilUi ; and all the waste of lime and means, waiting for the sailing of merchant-ships on this side ot the I Atlantic, and for friends and conveyances on the : other would he obviated by this simple jirovision. A ' hounlv to half the extent<.f that now given for cari^- iie. thV mails would provide the ocean-omiiihiises for the poor. Or, if Government, by direct aid tojiuhlic i works, or hv the interposition of Imperial credit, to ' eiiahle the eo|..nies to construct them, were to create i a l.ahour market, and. .pen lands for settlement along a 5 railway line of •'>:!•'> miles, these shii>s might be provi- '< ded bv private enterprise. "• Bv reference to the published Re])ort of the Com- • missioncrs for lis47, vour Lor.lship will perceive that I in that year of famine and le. They would call upon the county inasistracy to prepare, at the autumn or winter sessions, returns, showing the number and description of emigrants required by each county in the following spn,.g, with the numberof boys and ijirlsthat they were ])repare.l to take eharse oi and bind out as apprentices. Proprietors of I arse unimproved tracts would soon, by similar exertion and kindred agencies, pre- pare them for occupation All this may be done by the employment ol steam-ships for'ihe poor; and they, 1 mn confident, misht be drawn iiilo the public .service without any cost to the enuntrv. If it bi- objected that to so employ them would diminish the demand tor sailing ve«sc'"<, I answer no ; but, on the contrary, there would be an annually increasins dem.and lor British and Colonial tonnage, to carry on the coin- nieice and recii.roeal exchanges that this healthy emigration would create. 15ut, my Lord, 1 am anxious lo sec these cheap steamers on anolher account : that they may bring En"lisii, Irish and Scotch men, and t'.eir dcscen- diinls iVoin lime to time, back to the land ol their r-aher- to tread llie scenes which history hallows, or revive the recollections of early life ; to eonlcm- ojale the modern triumphs and glories ot bnsland, Imd contrast them even with those ol th.^ proud llepiiblie beside us. This emioblins pleas'ir, can- not be indiilse.l in now, but at a cost winch deb.ars from its enjoyinent the great body ol the Queens , Colonial subjects. lleduce the passage to 10 day.s, and the cost to £5, and thousands would come over here every summer, to return willi their hearts warmed towards tluir Brilish brelhren, to teach their children to un- dcMsland Ihc policy of England, and to reverence '"«;"£ mrLrd, you will perceive that n^^^^ sii.'.'esled nnthins which would involve Her Majcs- lyrGovernment in heavy expense ; on the contrary. I believe that even the cost of emiiirant steamers would be more than made u|^ either by a reduction oi exp-mse in the naval service, retrenchment ol lie post of lazarettoes and (piaranline, or by the relie which a heallhy system of emigration would at once .'ive to s.mie, if not all the branches ot the public^'service which now cost £1 1,000,000 stering. t would require but a slight c.aleula;ion to show that the planlins of h.alf a million ot Bri isu sub- i,-etsinthe North American I'rovinces, where the, 'duly on |$ritish maniitaetures ranses Irom 1-4 to 1-. !-•> per cent. ; and in the United States, where it ran-.^sfrom 15 to 100 per cent., would aiiiount to more than the wlu.le sum wanted to establish these ''Triuiislrate this 1 have made a selection frorn the United States tarilf, of certain articles m wblcU British mai.ulacturers f. el a deep interest. It em- braces 110 articles mid branches ol maiiulacture. Appendix (N.) 'Jtll JUIIB'. Appendix (N.) •Jill .Illn.^ h very Scoti.a, wi ■her than t'-l per upon which the duties in Nova few exceptions, do not range hit, cent. Ihithh Man,itact,m-s which jun, 1.5 per cent, in thi I'nit'd Sidtfs. Tow, hemp or (lax, manufactured. Steel in bars, cast or shear. Tin i)lates, lin-foil, tin in sheets. Zinc or speller. That pinj 20 /'(■;• cvni. Acids of every description. Arlicles used in tannins <"• 'b'''"S' Blankets. I'.laiik books, bound or imbomi.l. Caps, gloves, lessiu^'S mils, socks, stockings, wove shirts aii. • Dressed furs. (Hue. GnnpowdfT. Huts, or liiit hodies of wool. Oils used in painting. I/iinpbliielc. I:';!!! in piKs.l.ars or sheets; leud in pipes, and leaden shot. Linens oCiiU kinds. l,ilharf,'c'. Malt. Manuractures of flax. \\ iMamifaoturesof hciup. Miirhh', ininianuliu'tured. Mincnil and hituminous sul)stancc's. iMfdicinal dni)j;s. Mi'lals, iMiriianiifactnrcd. Mnsi.'al inslruiiiiMits of all kinds. Ni'cdlcs ol all kiiiils. I'ainis, dry or Kronml. |'a])cr-liani;inf;s. Tiles and bricks. Periodicals. Putty. Quills. yaddlery. Salts. SheathiuR-paprr. Skins, tanned .and dressed. Spermaceti candles and tapers. Steel. Stere..type-plates, type-metal, types. Tallow caudles. Thread laces. Velvet. VViiile and red lead. Wiuilow glass of all kinds. Thai pay 2.5 per cent. 15ut(ons and hutton-moulds of all kinds. Baises, flannels, door-cloths. Cables and cordage. Cotton laces, insertings, and braids. All mauutiietures of hair of coarse descriptions. (Jottou manufactures. Manufactures of inoluiir. Silk maiuifactures. Maiudactures of worsted. Mats and matting. Slates. Woollen and worsted yarn. That pay 30 pir cent. Ale, beer, and porter. Manufactur.^s of Ar-entme or Gertiiati sd^er. Articles worn bv ui.n, women, or ch.ldren o w ha over material" composed, made up m whole or part by hand. I'erfumes. , ^ Manufactures of grass, straw, or [lalm-lcat. I'lair maiuifactures of finer descriptions. India-rubber nianufaotures. Fin- caps, hats, mull's, tippets. Cariiets, carpetiiiu, hearth-rugs. Carriages, and pa -ts of carriages. Cheese. . . Clothing of every o iscnptum. Coach and harness furnitinc. ('oal and cuke. Condis. Conlectionery. Corks. Cutlery of all kinds. Jewellery. Toys. Appendix (N.) ■Jlh June. Earthen, china, and stone-ware. Manufactures of gold. Artifiei.'il featlK-rs and (lowers. Umbrella materials. Cabinet and houselujkl furniture. Stained glass. i;iass aiii.nv iicps — and as an aiu lo uioii^ resources oi tlie iiomuci.?, rinid and svstematie Colonization. I a ^1^. mv Lonl, in my former letter, entered laigdy upon Ihis branch of the general sub.,eet I ced iwt repeat what that paper contains En cry rd rin-s fresh evidences of the levcrish longing nn'e anxiety with which all classes in the Sv i t,:;; Sml to the establishment of tliose tea Tines of inter-colonial and continental com- mun ca io... xvhich are not only to bind us together Iccure to the British Provinces great commercml a a.ur<'es. but which would, with cheap steam- bllals r«lu:.e the Atlantic to a British Ch^»-^ -^ continue the Strand in a lew years to Lake Huron, aSXiiitely, perhaps even in -; «-" ^^.^« ra-pidly does the world advance, to the l.icUic °'lC first mo miles of this communication Nova SVotia will make, and amply secure the British Go- vernment Irom U.SS. shcmUl the -Ivn^go ol ^ credit be "iven. Wc will do more— ^^e will pre p re our U nds, collect returns, appoint an agent m ^ach county, and repeal our taxe. .m cm|granfc^ . „„.,.ing,on the l.st terms.. ^^1!-^^^^ ;:;::;:: Scf^.^ to the'Vni^yn-t of such por- •iilae would Uv.i:i V\<. Id. Xo [lart of this debt is due out ol tlu^ Province. Province notes, which eircidale and arc sustained hv the d.'Uiand for tlieni to pay duties, represent :€,'>9.^.5 1 of the whole, which hears no in- terest. tU'lhe halancc. .EKMlOO is due to deposit.n-s in the Savini:s P)aid<, who receive 4 per cent. The holders of f>tock certificates, coverinsi the r.iuainder. receive '> per cent. The public j.roperty held by the Government m the city of Halifax alone, would jiay the whole d.-bt, which 'could be cxtiiifruished by applying the sm-plus revenue to that ol)Ject lor two years. The income from all sources fluctuates between £00,000 and €110.000. The p'''''iii'"<""t eliart;-.'S on tills revenue secured to Her M.i.jesty by the Civil List J?m, are ' • The balance is ex- '; pended in maiiitainins other branches ol the Civi i Government, in opening and rcpairin-r roads, and promotiiiiT education. We should make the interest ol llie lonn wc now rcjuire a first chai'jre on this surplus, iti th.' event ollhe Uaili'oad not yieldin-i tolls sullicient, which, jud-ring by the experience of our neiirhboiu's. we do not apprehend. This surplus must steadily inerease, because, wliile population and reveiuic will probably double within the next twenty years, as it has done, alr.io-^t with- out emiuralion or railroads. duriii;;- the jiast twenty, the expenses of the Civil Government will be but verv sliiihtlv aus'Tica'*''!- The revenue could be, and if necessiiry would be, promptly increased, by raising the ad vilornn duty, re-ad.jiisting specitic duties, or if even that wer.^ necessary to sustain our ci'.ilil with the mother- eouu'.ry.'by a rcfort to a legacy, incom.' or pvop.'rty- The Clovernment of A'ova Scotia (exclusive of hinds in Cape l$reton) still retains ;i.itN-2,".>^'"^ acre- of unjrrai-.ted Crown laiid<. Thesi-, if n'liuired, could also be pledged, or the not amount of sales of lands along the line could be paid over from time to time in liipiidation ol'the loan. The whole amount reipiind is £s;(io,0O0. 'J'he cilv of Halifax being pledged to the Provincial Go- vernment to pay the interest on £100,0i)0, the v.hol.' .amount that would llierefore be chargeable oii^ all sources of provincial revenue, the tolls on the llail- road included, would be Zl l..')On. AlthouLdi haviuLT no aiilliority to speak for the other colonies. 1 may observe, tliaf the Province of Ni'W Brun-wick, wiiich lies between Xova Scotia and Cari.ada.lias. in adilition to her ordinary sources * Su iu uriLrililll. ppciulix (N.) of revenue. 1 1.000.000 of acres (d' uiigraiited laiuN. Slu' miirht j.ledge to iter Miijesly's Government the ^ in'oeeed ; ef as many millions of acres of these lands, .,,1, jum,, along the lines to be opened, as might be necessary, in addition to the pledi-'c of her public funds, to secure this country from loss. The troops initrht be employed, an I settled in this Provice also. The lands jiledg.'d coiil.l b.' solil to emiirraiits ; the Ihi- lish mails and soldiers w.iul.l be transjiorled at fair prices, and the amounts miiiht be carried lo iIk; credit ol'the loans. 1 beli.'ve that New Ihimswick could, if moderately aided, ultiimi >ly iiiake her irrcal lines absorb and provide farms for millions of emigrants ; increasing the home market for liri- lish goods liy the annual amount i'ovinces, and with the mother-country; prejiaring the way for a great industrial, if not a political union, of which the citadel of (Quebec would ultimately form the centre. That her CJovernmcnt would second any ]ioliey by which this might be ncconii)lished, there is no reason 1.) doubt. My Lord, there is one lojiic of extreme delicacy, lierhajis. anil yet, so far as my own I'rovincc is con- cerned, 1 willventure to touch it without hesitation. Some of the British colonies asp.ire lo obtain noto- rielv, just now, by s])uriiiiig from their bosoms the criminals of England, without modestly remember- ing that some of them, at least, owe thi'ir original ])r()sper !y to such emigrants, and that thousands I are annually tempted or driven inio crime in this I country, by "the absence of emi)loymeiil, and by the resistless (in ■ lire which the sliglitest di'raiigement ill this higlily-ai'tilicial stale of society creates. I believe that among the 1:3,000 ])ersoiis convicted in this country in I sis, some thousands were more to be ]iitied than condeiniic'd. If such persons, organ- nised and disciplined, were employed upon th(! pub- lie works of .North .Vmerica, as has been suggested, 1 belif^ve that they would ultimately be restored to society, and that tlie Govcrnm.'iit would be- imme- diately relieved from serious embarrassment. I do not shrink from the responsibility ol making lliis suirgestion, nor will I shrink I'rom my share of tlie ro'poiisibility of carrying it out. The people i re- present, my Lord, are g.nerally a ri Iiumous jieople : who know-that our Saviour had none of the sensi- iiveness manifested at the Capo. Hi! I'oun.l some virtue in llie poor woman that all the world con- demned : and did not eon-^ider .at l.'ast one of the malefactors unworthy of Heaven who were hung beside him. ll has been siitrtrest'd. that eonvicis might be nd- vaiitaL'-eously employed oil a lar!.'e scale, in N'orlh America, for the co'nslruclion of a railroad to the Pacilic. I shoultl like to si'c the exju'riment tried ui-'on a small scale tirst ; and do not b.li.^ve that if a judicious selection were made of tho.-e whose ot- fcnces were su|ieriiidiiced by poverty and extreme di^tl■ess, or of those whos.- eonduci in some proba- tionary course of punishment had been exemplary, the Ni)rtli American Colonies would object to such a trial, if an approiiriate choice were mad.^ of some locality along a gre;it line in which tlii'y feel an iii- terest,"and if the inen employed were jiroperly olli- cered and controlled by sirinuent regulations. A corps of .^00 might b.'' I'ormed. siilijeet lo milil.iry organization and discipline, willi the ii.-iial prosjiect 9U> Jan*- I 14 Victoriae. Appendix (N.) (N.)___ 9U> Jul*. SllSnielnt^ to enable t. ..n to got in a fir.t crop Sen tic period o'-rvicc had rxp.,.d This exncr ment would 1 l)<;lie\c, sucttLu. Jui cost' the Imperial Cu.vernn.ent n"t hn^ rno- Zii it now costs to maintain the people el*>e« >ere. m coauiu ' •', ,u '^ f lis communication, were less numerous or important. 1 have, &c. (Signed) JOSEPH HOWE. The Kight Hon. Earl Grey, &c. &c. &c. Jkppendix 9U>Jmm. No. 3. Copy of a Letter from B. Ilawes, Esquire, to J. Howe, ' •' "^ Esquire. Downing Street, March 10, 1851. S,B -1 am directed by Earl Grey to inform you iJ he is at length enabled to communicate to you that he IS at unt, j^j-,-, Government on the !.ti?cXri-."r aSanci toLrcls the construction M-ffo m' ected Railway through Nova Scotia, con- tlin^ in ?our letters o? the o.5th of November and ''you" t'alread? aware, from the repeated eon- BslslSi;=tKto^;-^^Si he '=°'".",^" ^. ,-,' Itorthe construction of a Railway f 'wh h 1 in^of eommunication may be esta- 1 bUshed on he British territory between the Pro- • J Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Ca- have undergone the most attentive considerat o . iVannears from Sir John Harvey's despatch of A, U? -r 1850, as well as from your leters and tt"^^ l^il comniiinications you ^-e ma.h- to Wd •n.v that the i'n.vincial Government ol Nov. i Sco , V;> V •• in- on the concurrence of the I.eg.sla- ;;;:e Si i^ u? of undertaking theconstruetion o .? n-m of the projected line winch would Vfl that part . i"*" i j j ,„p„srs to obtain lor t .rough th. t ro mce, ^1 ^^,^.^^^ .^ ,5,,, „- that purpn-e a K mi 01 *^'"-' „ ' .,^^i>,i;i„cc which by the lenders. I am directed to inform you that Her M-J.jesty'H StSSr^^le'Sii"'^''^-"'-- ^Tn'tlle "ruifplaee, as Her ^^rYL^'SSt are of opinion that they would "«* »>e justified n Mskine Parliament to allow the credit of this country to be p edged for any object not of great .mportanco shall be rendered to these rrovmc „f Scotia, in obtaining loans f"^ ^.^^,^ '"'jf ^^ ,uouId ^''•-•'^ ^CLTCnTit tVeth PrtinL to make exceed its proportion ot .'^e advantage to S by it, then the question is »« ^<^^^'"Xt"on should insideration. -hth-.^riWnte^ towards that not be maile by 'n""^".^ _'. i.^^ly understood p„tl of the line, bii-- ;'»J»Y''»Sy> „ria„a f„, S,at the w^•^■;°■'»';;;:iVJin sSproportion. S r.r ^S^eVS^'n-w^rtbe guaZee of the '"C*1,™*""»1-1' the profit, .0 b. derived rtom th. i!;S"«, when c.n..^.^'' "^,': t'lS" between the I'rovineei, will alio remain " Vm wli™b.erve. that I ha.e .tated that the Ui» Jo;V;'n«rel,t,„„.bB1,i.b,^^^^^^^^ Sr/eLSTT 't,|; funded by M^o, '^'I'ropTnSSl i' »Sned by tnany per. ■r Hs"S'^is;"iiai".isrfrdt=s gress. it is ^'^° ;°^<= "' object to its forming Government will by no mean, o J . , vincial i^egisiaunts 1 rharee upon loans which they -^■/; Xr\nV exting debts and the l'rovinelall^n■enJ, alU an exU^^^ ^^ Her INla.iesty n> ui» in,r.n.;,.d (or taxi to con- '^•■•■"^""'ll^rt u'SLtt SMe^xtinguishcd) I 14 Victoriac. Appendix (N.) A. 1851. AppenJiz (N.) / — '-^ — sib Juu* monny raised uikIit the Ruarantrc of the Imprrinl Piirli.imcnt shall take place iiii(1nlerprise ; indeed he has beeii in- foniK'd that ships ol'larfre size intended for tlii^ eon- veyanee of enii^'rants, and liirnisheil with auxiliary steam-power, are already buiidiiij; both in this country and in America, and if by undeifakirif? the projected Railway a demand fur labour is created in the British Provinces, and a larj^e extent ol fertile land is o))ened for the occupation of settlers, these circumstances caimot fail to lead to an extension and improvement of the means now allorded fur th(! conveyance of emij^ranls to these Provinces. l^astly, wilh reference to tlie sujjueslion contained in vonr letter, that convicts iniirht be empl(>)ed in the" construclion ofllie Railway, I am to inform you that thouijli Her .Majesty's Governmei;t entertain no doubt that the expense of the work to the ProvinccH might thus be greatly reduced, while at the; same time by Judicious regulations, all risk of serious inconv(>nience iiii:::ht be guarded against, they would not be disposed to lake any steps with a view to tlic adoption of this suggestion, unless on a distinct ap- lilication from the Colonial Legislatures ; but if such an a|)plication should be made, Her .M.ijesly's Government would be |)repared to make ihe neces- sary arrangements for the employment of a mode- rate number of convicts on tlii! work, without any chartre for llieir custody and subsistence to the Pro- vince which may liave applied for them. Appnndix (N.) • sill Juu*. I am, &c. (Signed) Joseph Howe, Esq. B. HAWES. tor:>nto: rniNTED by i.ovEr.L and ciuson, front street. Appendix (N.) Sill Juii*.