IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) w/-.'^ A^.^^" :/. 1.0 I.I 11.25 121 ISO ■25 U 1^ 2.2 m lit lAO I 2.0 Hiotographic ^Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WllfTH.N.Y. MSIO (7U/ •73-4S03 NT ri>^ V <^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical IVIicroreproductions / Institut Canadian da microreproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques Th« tol The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, wliich may alter any of the images In the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommag^e Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurie et/ou peliiculAe I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes g^ographiques en couleur □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ D Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reii4 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serrte peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion la long de la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouttes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela itait possible, ces pages n'ont pas «t4 film^es. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplAmentaires; L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la methods normale de filmage sont indiquds ci-dessous. D D D n Q D D D D Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagies Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur^es et/ou pellicul6es Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d6color6es, tacheties ou piqutes Pages detached/ Pages d^tachtes Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualit^ inAgale de I'impression Intiludes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel suppKmentaire Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont M filmAes A nouveau de fapon A obtenir la meilleure image possible. Thi pot of filnl Ori be( the slot oth firs sioi ori The she TIN whi Ma diff enti beg righ reqi met This item Is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est fllmi au taux de rMuction indiquA ci-dessous 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X XX J 12X 16X 20X ai» 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: L'exempiaire film* fut reproduit grAce A la g6n6rosit6 de: La Bibliothique de la Ville de Montrtel La BIbliothique de la Villa de Montreal The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la nettet6 de l'exempiaire film6. et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim6e sont filmte en commengant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la derniAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmte en commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^ (meaning "CON- TINUED "). or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la derniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols -^ signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols V signifie "FIN". Ma,3s, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte A des taux de rMuction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est filmA A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 %.v. N N * ;/^' DESCRIPTION of the Harbour and River of St. J O H N'j, in Nova-Scotia, and of the TownJIjips of Sunbury, Burton, Gage, a«^ Conway, lying on faid River, as received from Charles Mor- ris, Efq; Surveyor Gefseral of HzVif&x, and contained in a Letter wrote to Capt. Wi L L I A M S p R Y, one of the Proprietors of faid Townfjips. Dated 2^th o/' January, 1768. THE Harbour, or Mouth of the River St. Join's, lies on the North Side of the Bay of Fundy, diftant twelve Leagues due North by the Compafs, from the Gut of ^«« about one Mile and a H;iir wide, and Eight Miles in Length, entering into the Main River of 5/. John's. • The Lands on the South Side of the Ba- fon, are low, but broken and ftony j indifferently well timber'd ; would make pretty good Pafture Land, but not fit for Agriculture : Black Birch, Beach, Maple, Hemlock, Spruce, and Pine, are the principal Growth of the Woods. From this Balon you enter into the main Branch of the River St, Johns; and after having palled about two Miles and an Half North- Weft, you enter into that Part of the River, called, T/jf Lon^ Reach; which, from a Place called, /Jt'(5?//6tZ't7 /'a Fort, to Bc/le IJle, is fix Leagues; in this Courie you have fioni fix to ten Fathom Water, till you come to Thirty Penny //land; f:om thence to Oak Point, keeping pretty near the Ifland, you have fix Fathom ; and from Oak-Point, p.ifting thro' the Channel oi Riijl.es, jou have not above two Fatliom and an Half, till you have pafled the Rujhes, and then you have fix or fcvcn Fjthom to\Bellc-IJle. The Courfe of the River from Bcauhi'l>ir(\ to Bcllc-Ijlc, is North-Eaft : The Main Branch of the River at Belle- IJle turns Nortli ; but there is a Branch of the Long-Reach, that ftill continues North-Eaft about ten Miles, through a broken, rocky Country: The Timber of all the Lands having been burnt about fix Years ago by tht. Indians. From Bcllc-Ijle to Jemfeg and Crimrof, is about fixteen Miles. Here the Borders of the River are formed of Intervale and Marfli Lands ; the Intervale are thole Lands that border next thcStrcam, and are covered with Timber Trees, fuch as Elm, Arti, Beach, and what the Inhabitants call Black Wallnut, not fuch Timber as the Black Wallnut of Virginia and Maryland, but is fo called, from a black Wallnut which it bears, about the Bigncfs, and indented like a Peach Stone, but rougher, and of a blacker Colour ; the Colour of the Timber is fomcwhat darker than Maple, and of a Grain much like it. The Soil of thcfe Intervals i;, very rich, producing, when cultivated, Wheat, Barley, Oats, Maze, 01 Iiuiian Corn, Flax, Hemp, or 'K. •' ' L ( 2 ) or any other VegetaWc, in great Abundance. Thefe Intervales have been for- med from Time to Time, by the Overflowing of the River, and are tliem- felves overflowed in the Spring of the Year, fo that they will never ftand in Need of Manuring : Thefe woody high Intervales, though they arc found in Places for fcveral Miles in length in this Part of the River, yet they are not above thirty or forty Rods in width from the River, before you come into Siiitken Lands ^ which arc called, Marjh Lands; thefe ik^i^z/yZ) ijrt«ri!f produce no Timber, but are covered in the Summer Seafon with a high coarfe Grals, a natural Grafs of the Country, which ferves very well for keeping Cattle in Winter, if cut in Seafon. Between thefe Sunken Lands and the Main Land, are generally Ponds and Lakes, with Outlets into the River. Ahout Midway between Be/I-Tjle ^nd Grinirojs, on the Eafl Side of the River, is the Entrance into IVaJlrdemoiac, which is a great Lake, about fifteen Miles in Length; at the Head of which is a River, whofe Branches extend towards Pctctcojlycack River, where there is an Indian Carrying- P/ace from one River to the other. All the Timber upon both Sides of IVaJhedcmoiac, has been burnt by the Indians ; the Land appears cxxefllve flcny, and of but an indifferent Soil ; no Intervale. The h'!iX\d. Carrying- Place, between the Head of this River to the K\\ev Petetcoftycack, is fix Leagues ; this is the Communication that the Indians oiSt. Jo/jn's have with the Indians of the B ay- Ferte and Peninfula. Grimrofs is the moft confiderable Settlement that the French had upon 5"/. yobn's; but their Houfes are now all demolilhed, and their Improvements laid walle; the Country here abounds with great Quantity of Meadow for Grafs, and cleared Intervale. From Grimrofs, about two Miles farther up the River, on the Eafl Side, is the Entrance into the Grand Lake : There is fevcral Paffages between the three Iflands, which form the Entrance into the Grand Lake ; the Courfe of the River 6'/. Jo/jn's from Grimrofs, after you have turned the Point at Oromoo^o River, is Wefl North-Wcf\, and you have fometimcs three, and fometimcs four Fathom Water ; the Lands on both Sides the River are Inter- vale, or vcrv low Upland all the Way, which Intervales are wider than any of the Intervales below, being from fixty Rods to a Quarter of a Mile wide, having a like Kind of Marfn's and Sunken Lands behind them; and theGrowth and Produce of the Intervale, the fame as thofe already defcribed. The River OromooSlo, comes from theSouth-Wcfl into the River 5/. yolm's, as far as we furveyed, which was about twenty- two Miles, as the Courfe of the River runs ; and here the Tide flows about one Foot ; it is about thirty Rod wide; a deep flill River, and about three Fathom Water in the Channel all the Way, having a great Number of Channel coming from the Marllics and Low-Lands ; which Marfhes and Low-Lands, appear to be in General about one Mile wide, and in fome Places near two. The St. JolinH Indians, have a Communication with the Pafamoquoddy Indians by this Ri- ver, and fcveral Lakes where the whole Land Portage is not more than five Miles. Oppofite to OromooSlo River, upon the Northerly Side cf the River 5'^. yo/jns, is the Eng/i/h Settlement of difbanded Soldiers from Nen'-Eng/md, confifling of about eighty Families, who have made great Improvements, and arc like to make an eilabliflicd Settlement there : And by fbme late Tryals they have made of Hemp upon the Intervale, itfucccedcd beyond their Ex- pcdtation. Imcafurcd myfelf Hemp that was 9 Feet high, that hail not come to its full Growth in the latter ULndof Ju/y. They generally have about 20 Bufliclsof Maze, and aboutzoBulhelsof Wheat from aiiAcre of Landthat was only cleared of its Wood, and harrowed without ever having a Plow in it. When I was on the River la(\ Year, 1 law myfelf eighty Bulluls of Indian Corn raifcd from one Acre of Land, that had been ploughed ami properly managed. 1 would ( 3) I would ot-fcrvc, that the Corn raifed on this River is not of the fame Kind as the Ct;rn in New-England ; neither the CHmate or Soil would be fuit- a!Vie to it ; they get their Seed from Canada^ and they fow it in Rows about three Feet diftant, as we do Peafe in our Gardens j it takes about one Bufliel to fow an Acre j the Ears grow clofc to the Ground, as thick as they can ftick one by another, pointing outwards like a Cheveanx de Frife, upon each Side the Rows : The Richnefs of the Soil, the Manner of fowing it, and of its growing, may account very eafily for its producing fo much to the Acre. Some of the old Fn'wA Inhabitants of that River, have informed me they railed in a feafonable Year, near one hundred Bufhels of Indian Corn per Acre. From Oroniootio to St. linn's, is North- Weft about Ten Miles, the In- tervale continuing upon both Sides of the River, as far as St. Ann's, upon the South-Weft Side of the River, and as far as NaJhwaSii/h, upon the North-Eaft Side. At St. Ami?, was a French Village ; here alfo was a confi- dciablc Settlement, and about liveHundredAcres of cleared Upland InEngliJh Grals, from whence the Inhabitants of A/z/w^frt;///^ get the Chief of their Hay for their Stock ; and they informed me, that it produces about a Load and an Half to an Acre. The French Houfes are all burnt and deftroyed. On the North Side of the Mouth of the River NaJhwaSlrJh, is the Ruins of a French Fort ; and there is at prefent eftabliihed a Fadtory for the Indian Trade, which is the farthcft Englijh Settlement from the Fort up the River. From hence, after you get about two Miles up the River, it winds to the Weft to Aughpack, which is about feven Miles from St. Ann's, where the French had Settlements all the Way, upon the Uplands, but drew their Subfiftance fiom a Number of Iflands formed by the River, now Intervale. At Aughpack was i\iQ Indian Church, and the Refidcnce of the FrenchyWi- fionary : The Church, and other Buildings about, were all demolifhed by the Indians thcmfelves. An Ifland oppofite Aughpack, called Indian IJland, is the Place where the Indians of St. John's make their annual Rendezvous. On this Ifland is their Town, confifting^f forty mean Houfes, or Wigwams, built with fiender Poles, and covered with Bark. In the Center of the Town is the Grand Council Chamber, conftrudted after the fame Manner as the other Houfes ; from thence as far as we meafured up the River, is twelve Miles more, inclining to the South-Weft ; there is nothing remarkable, but that this Part of the River is full of Rapids, which renders it extreme diffi- cult to proceed even fo far; in this Courfe there is but very little Intervale (Mie met with, except in the Bend of the River; the Soil of an indifferent good Quality ; the Country well cloathed with Timber of the Hard-wood Kind, futh as Beach and Birch, principally with a Mixture of Spruce and Pme. As to the Navigation of the River, there is Water at all Times, (except in dry Scafons) for Vcllcls of a Flundred Tons, to proceed as high as 5^. Ann's, anil into all the Hranchesof the Lakes before defcribed. Upon the Eaft Side of the River, towards the Middle oi May at fartheft, and in an early Spring, fi-oiier, the Snow and Ice in the Country melting, makes a general Overflow in the River, which rifcs fo high in fome Years, as to overflow all the Inter- vale as well as the funken Lands. I meafured the Overflowing in 1765, by the Marks the Inhabitants oi Maugerville had fet up, and I found the Water had riovvcd above the common Heighth of the Water in Summer, near feven- tecn Feet and an Half j laft Year twenty Feet. I would further obferve, that theCourfe of thcMainBranchof theRiverS/. yoAw's, from the End of my Survey, (by Capt. Peaches Obfervation) is North a little Eafterly, fcventy-five Miles, meafuring the fevcral Courfes of the River to the Great-Falh, and from the Great-Falls Northwcftcrly, 3^ Miles, to the Mouth ofthe River (hat empties out of tk^L^k^QamaJcowatat and the IS (4) and from thence to th;U Lake North-Wef!:, Twenty-four Miles. T'-.e Lake Gamofcoivata, is faid to be Thirty Miles in length, and from thicc to one in width. The Source of the River St. John's, from the M'juth of the River that empties out of the Lake GainaJcoii\Ua^ is Wert; Southerly, dill.int about One Hundred Miles ; {