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From the TranKactionx of the Nova Scotian Institiite of Science, Se.M.iion of 1800-91. 
 
 VIII. — Notes foii a Flora of Nova Scotia. Paht I*.— :By 
 George Lawhon, Ph. D., LL. I). 
 
 [Received July 15th, 1S91.] 
 
 RANUNCULACEiE.f 
 
 Clematis Virginian a, Livn. BankH of streams, rocky or 
 stony hanks, ravines, etc., climbing over bushes and small trees. 
 Shores of Bras d'Or Lake, between Whycocomagh and West Bay, 
 Cape Breton. Bunks of the Sackville River ; abundant near the 
 iron bridoe, and at several spots along the Windsor Road between 
 Bedford and Salmon Hole, Halifax County. 
 
 Wilmot, Ann., near New Glasgow, Pictou County, and Fal- 
 mouth, Hants, Dr. How. Pictou, A. H. McKay and Dr. Lindsay. 
 Whycocomagh, Dr. Lindsay. Trum banks of streams, among 
 alders, etc., common. Dr. G. C. Can^bell. This plant has been 
 cultivated in England since 1767, as an ornamental creeper, 
 being well adapted for covering walls and arbours ; its flowers 
 are highly fragrant, which is unusual in the genus, and the 
 wreaths of feathery plumes formed by the fruiting plant in 
 autuum are very striking. In Nova Scotia it succeeds best on 
 the shady sides of buildings. 
 
 This species is figured in Mrs. Millers series of life-sized 
 coloured drawings of the wild flowers of Nova Scotia, Part V., 
 
 * Let not these Notei be regarded as, in any sense, a F/orn of Nova Scotia. Our Flora is a 
 very ricii one, especially in northern species and forms, and a more careful comparison of our 
 plants with those of Newfoundland, the Greenland shores, Iceland, Great Britain, Scandinavia, 
 and the Kussian Empire, may be e:;pected to yield results of more than local interest. The present 
 Notes, then, even when completed by extension to the remainins^ Orders, must be looked upon as 
 representing a mere fragment of our Flora, showing only its more obvio\i8 features. My 
 object has been to bring together, in a convenient form, as much as possible of what is now known, 
 so as to present a prodromal list that may be useful to those willing to aid in exploration. Lar^e 
 collections of Nova Scotia specimens that have already been made are still unexamined, and much 
 remains to be done by collectors in the supply of additional material before even an approxiiiiiitely 
 full list of our plants can be prepared. Corrections and additions will be thankfully received. 
 
 t For full descriptions o' the several species, and their synonymy, see Lawson's Monograph 
 of Canadian Ranunculaceae, in Transactions of the Nova Scotia Institute, Vol. II., Part IV., pages 
 IS-.^l (1870,^ ; also, Revision of the Canadian Ranunculaceaa, in Transactions of the Royal Society 
 of Canada, Vol. II., Sec. IV , pp. 15-90 (1884). 
 
 (84) 
 
FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA— LA WSON. 
 
 85 
 
 tab. 14; letterpresH description by Dr. Lawsoii. Published by 
 Reeves, London. 
 
 Thalictrum CoRNUTiL Tall Meadow Rue. False Maiden- 
 Hair. Dr. Cornuti's Thalietrum. Thalietrum Ganadense, Cor- 
 nutii Canadensiuni Plantaruni Historia, caput LXX., p. 180, 
 (Paris, 1635). The letterpress description may pass for <mr 
 plant, but the engraving is that of a different species. The spell- 
 ing Thalietrum runs all through the Historia of Cornutius, and 
 is carefully reproduced by Tournefort (Inst. Rei Herb.). Wet 
 meadows and margins of streams and permanent brooks. On 
 elevated banks of streams, where the roots cannot reach the 
 water or moist soil, the plant becomes very much dwarfed, but 
 loses none of its distinctive characters. Notunconmion in many 
 parts of Nova Scotia ; abundant along the Sackville River and 
 ditches of the Rifle Range, Bedford, and neighborhood. County 
 of Halifax. 
 
 Digby Gut, County of Digby (7 feet high) ; Windsor Falls and 
 Windsor (8 feet), and Windsor, Hants County, Dr. How. 
 Truro, marshes, connnon. Dr. G. C. Campbell. Strait of 
 Canso, Guysborough County, Rev. E. H. Ball. EUershouse, 
 Hants County, Mr. Beckman. Pictou, A. H. McKay. A 
 form (5 or 6 feet high) with ail the parts of the flower of a deep 
 purple colour, but diflering in no other respect, occurs in a wet 
 pasture by the roadside on the Old Windsor Road, thirteen miles 
 from the city of Halifax. 
 
 T. Gornutii is a very distinct species, and the only one of the 
 genus actually known to exist in Nova Scotia; but, in the 
 descriptions and figures in books, as well as in specimens in 
 Herbaria in diflerent countries, it has been very much mixed 
 with other species. The name Gornutii, hitherto misspelt 
 by alt botanists, Gornuti, has thus become coniplex and 
 enigmatical. To remedy this, Mr. Watson, in the sixth edition 
 of Gray's Maruial, has adopted the name polygamum, which, 
 however, is open to the same objection. Lecoyer adopts 
 DeCandolle's name, corynellii'ni. Freyn, of Prague, the latest 
 writer on Ranunculacete, favours retaining Gornutii for our 
 plant. The Abbe Provancher prefers the old pre-Linnrean name* 
 
 ^VnY->.o k 
 
 ^T^ 
 
 a 
 
 ,^^ V- 
 
 o 
 
 
 
86 
 
 FLORA OF KOVA SCOTIA — LAWSON. 
 
 Ganadenae, given l)y Cornutiu.s. In these circumstances, I have, 
 meantime, kept the name to which we have been accustomet^ and 
 liope to deal v/ith the question of nomenchiture at an early oppor- 
 tunity. In Part III. of Macoun's Catalogue of Canadian Plants, p. 
 479, Bedford, Nova Scotia, is cited as a station for Thalictrwni 
 purjyurascena, Liini. On representing to Prof. Macoun the 
 unlikelihood of that plant existing there, without having been 
 detected by myself or some local botanist, he made investigation, 
 and now authorizes me to state that the record referred to is an 
 error that had crept in from some old notes made before the true 
 character of purpuraacens was understooil. It appears that the 
 Bedford specimens of Tlialictrum have always stood in the Ottawa 
 Herbarium labelled as T. Cornutii, as they ouglit to l:)e.* 
 
 Anemone Hf.fa'jica, Linn. Crows usually in hard-wood 
 lands ; rare in Nova Scotia. 
 
 Nesbit's Island, and Falmouth, near Windsor, Hants, rare, 
 Dr. How. Bridgewater, Lunenlairg County, Rev. E. H. Ball- 
 Pictou, very rare, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 This is the Hepatica triloba of Gray's Manual, but should not 
 I>e separated as a genus from Anemone. 
 
 Anemone nemorosa, Linn. Wood Anemone. Anemone, or 
 Wind-Flower, of the English poets. In woods, rare in Nova 
 Scotia. 
 
 River bank at Middle Stewiacke, Colchester, Ma}- 27th, 1884, 
 Dr. G. C. Campbell. Newport, Hants, H. H. Bell. 
 
 Anemone Virginian a, Linn. Usually grows on intervales 
 along the banks of rivers, but rare in Nova Scotia. 
 Truro, Salmon River bank. Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 Anemone dichotoma, Linn. Rai-e in Nova Scotia. 
 
 Near Truro, Colchester County, Dr. D. A. Campbell. A. dicho- 
 toma is the prior name of the species (dating from the year of 
 the settlement of Halifax, 1749), l)ut, in Gray's Manual, and in 
 Lindsay and Somers' List, it will be found under the later 
 vspecific name, Pennsylvanica. 
 
 * For ample details of synonymy of the genus, soe " Monoifiapliie dn irenre 'J'/iiilntriim, par 
 J. C. Lecoyer. Gand : imprimerie C. AnnootBraeckiuan, 1SS5. Pp. 24i). Tab. V, 
 
FLOrtA OF NOVA SCOTIA — LAWSON. 
 
 87 
 
 Ranunculus aq[:atilis, var. LONdiuosTuis, Lawson. White 
 Water Crowfoot. In ponds and .slow streams, rare. 
 
 Near Truro, Colcliester County, Dr. I). A. Campbell. ])itches 
 in Little Marsh, Truro, near Smith's Island, 11th June, 1884, 
 Dr. G. C. Camphell. Of R. aquatilis, many varieties, or species, 
 have been described in Europe, from careful study of the living- 
 plants. The American forms are still imperfectly known, and 
 flescriptior.s have been made, in many cases, from dried specinions. 
 Our plant differs from the European tridiophyllus (the name 
 used in Gray's Manual) in the brighter but paler green colour of 
 its leaves ^not blackish or inky), in the carpels having prominent 
 l)eaks, and in their being not merel}^ rounded but inflated on 
 the peripheral side. 
 
 Ranunculus m['ltifii)Us, Pursh. Yellow Water Crowfoot. 
 In ditches and shallow nniddy pools, rare. 
 
 Windsor, Hants Co., and near Sydney Bar, Cape Breton, Dr. 
 How. Truro, in Avater, in ditches and marshes, common. June, 
 1883, Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 Ranunculus rfi'Tans, Linn. Creeping Spearwort. Gravelly 
 banks of lakes and rivers. 
 
 Dartmouth. Truro, in fields, low grounds, etc., common, Dr. 
 G. C. Campbell. 
 
 Ranunculus Cymbalaria, Pursh. Seashore Crowfoot. Head 
 of Bedford Basin, Halifax Co., on the shore between Bedford 
 Hotel and the high Railway Bridge. 
 
 Muscpiodoboit River, Halifax County, 26tli June, 1878, Dr. 
 Lindsay. Avon River, Falmouth, Hants, Dr. How. Sable Islarxd, 
 Lindsay & Somer.s' List. Glace Bay, Cape Breton, H. Poole. 
 
 This is especially a coast plant, growing not onl}^ along our 
 shores but generally on the northern coasts of America, the Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence, Anticosti, and Hudson Bay to near the Arctic 
 Sea. It \m» also l^een found at Lake Superior, Lake Winnipeg, 
 at salt ponds in the pi-airie, on the Rocky Mountains, and on the 
 Pacific Coast. 
 
 Ranunculus abohtivus, Linn. In pastures and clearings; 
 
m 
 
 FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA — LAWSON. 
 
 <lou])tt'iil if indigenouH in Nova Scotia. Lucytield, Hparingly 
 spontaneous. 
 
 Pictoii, A. H. Mackay. Near Truro, Dr. 1). A. Campbell. 
 Truro, cultivated fields, common, Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 Ranunculus achls, Linn. A European plant, now conunon 
 in hay-tields and by roadsides in many parts of Nova Scotia, as 
 on the Halifax peninsula, alxnit Truro and other places in Col- 
 cliester, Caledonia, Queen's County, etc. Animals reject this 
 species, but f^reedily eat the heritage of li. rej^enfi. 
 
 Windsor, Hants, Dr. How. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. Port Mul- 
 grave, Rev. E. H. Ball. Truro, very abundant in grass on 
 roadsides, etc., Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 Ranunculus repens, Linn. In fields and wet pastures, etc., 
 al)undant ; a weed in gardens. A small, depressed, smooth- 
 leaved form, with flowers no larger than those of acris and 
 sometimes smaller, occurs on tlie sea-shore arouiid Bedford Basin. 
 
 Windsor, Dr. How. Truro, in fields, low grounds, etc., com- 
 mon, ])r. G. C. Campbell. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. Port Mul- 
 grave, Rev. E. H. Ball. 
 
 R. septentrionalis, Poiret, credited by Macoun to Whycoco- 
 magh. Cape Breton, was in former editions of Gray's Manual, 
 included under B. reiiens. It is now treated as a separate spe- 
 cies, being distinguished apparently by the following characters : 
 
 R. Terpens : style subulate, stigmatose along the inner margin, 
 mostly persistent. 
 
 R. septentrionalis : style long and attenuate, stigmatose at the 
 tip, persistent, or the upper part usually deciduous. ' 
 
 In Coulter's Manual of the Western Texas Flora (1891), the 
 differences are expressed thus : 
 
 R. repens : style short-subulate, stigmatic the whole length, 
 mostly persistent. 
 
 R. septentrionalis : style long aiid attenuate, stigmatic at the 
 tip, jjersistent, or the upper part deciduous. 
 
 So far as observed, none of the specimens of so-called repens, 
 collected in Nova Scotia, respond to the character retjuired by 
 septentriovalis. 
 
^■™ifiu«ijiw^iyR.^p, 
 
 FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA— LAWSON. 89 
 
 Ranunculus Pennsylvanrus, linn. Jil. 
 Pictou, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 Hanunculus uecukvatu^s, Poiret. 
 Pictou, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 Ranunculus bulbosus, Linn. This old-world plant, which 
 ^rrowH alnindantly as an indigenous species in middle and southern 
 Europe and parts of North Africa and in Asia, was found, at an 
 early period, to have become naturalized inseveral parts of North 
 America. It is «)ne of the few (5) species of Ranu7iculu8 
 descrihed in Michaux's Flora Boreali- Americana, (1803), its locji- 
 tion being moist meadows in Pennsylvania. 
 
 It was gathered in Canada by the Marchioness Dalhousie. 
 Morrison collected it in Newfoundland, as noted hy Hooker. 
 More recently it was found in Point Pleasant Pai-k, Halifax, 
 Nova Scotia, (July, 1884), perfectly naturalized, by Rev. Robert 
 Laing. It has also been observed near Shelburne, in the western 
 part of the Province, by Rev. Mr. Rossborough. LinnjT3Us 
 retained for this plant the characteristic name given to it by 
 Thalius in 1588, and it has no synonyms. 
 
 Caltha palustuls, Linn. Marsh Marigold. In slow streams 
 and pools ; not conunon in Nova Scotia, as it is in the West. I 
 have seen specimens in the Herl)arium of the Geological Survey 
 at Ottawa, collected by Prof. Macoun at Whycocomagh, Cape 
 Breton, July 22n(l, 1888. 
 
 Mahone Bay, Lunenburg County, Rev. E. H. Ball. 
 
 CoPTis TiiiFOLiA, Salisbury. Gold Thread. It wet places in 
 woods, probably general throughout the wh(jle of Nova Scotia 
 and Cape Breton ; but localities should be noted. Between 
 Beaver Bank Station and Windsor Road, connnon ; North-west 
 Arm, Dutch Village, Dartmouth, Caledonia, etc. 
 
 Windsor, Hants, Dr. How. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. Manches- 
 ter, Guysborough County, Rev. E. H. Ball. Truro, in spruce 
 woods, etc., common, Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 According to Hortus Kewensis, this plant was introduced to 
 English Gardens by the Hudson Bay Company in 1782. Under 
 
})() 
 
 FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA— LAWSON. 
 
 .,'' 
 
 the nuiiie of (lold Tliivad, which it has o))taineil on account of 
 the ricli yellow colour of its root tihres, thi.s herh is couinionly 
 sold for medicinal purposes in our markets. Larf^^e (piantities 
 are exported from Yarmouth tu the dru^'^ists of the United 
 States. ' 
 
 Ac^riLECiiA vi'LOAHiH, Lhin. Enf/lish C'olumhine. A Euro- 
 pean plant that has spread from gardens ami estahlished itself as 
 a colonist in sevei'al localities in Nova Scotia. It is especially 
 ahundant and beautiful, j)resentin<>' many variations in the colour 
 of its blossoms, in the deep rock-cutting (jf the railway at " the 
 Prince's Lodge," tlie former residence of the Duke of Kent, on 
 the west shore of Bedford Basin, near Halifax. Old Windsor 
 Road, abundant in several places. ; , ; 
 
 Pictou, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 AcoNiTl^M Napellus. Wolf's Bane. Aconite. Found occa- 
 sionally as a garden ontcast, not inclined to spread, but very 
 persistent where once grown. Lucyfield, Middle Sackville, Hali- 
 fax County. Bank overhanging Lock man Street, Halifax, on 
 the west side, a short distance south of North Street. 
 
 The original name, A. Napellus, as used by Linnaius, seems to 
 bave included at least two European and one American species. 
 
 AcTi*:A ALBA, Bigeloiv^ Blomidon, King's County, 1882. 
 
 Windsor Falls ; Butler's Mountain : Nesbit's Island, and in 
 Hants County, Dr. How, in "Notes." Pictou, A. H. Mackay. 
 Strait of Canso, Guysl)orough County, Rev. E. H. Ball. Trunj, 
 Colchester, Dr. D. A. Campbell. 
 
 Act J-: A .rubka, Willdenow. Blomidon, King's County, and 
 Lucj'field, Halifax County. 
 
 Windsor, Hants County, Dr. How. Pictou, A. H. IMackay. 
 Strait of Canso, Guysborough, Rev. E. H. Ball. Truro, Dr. D. A. 
 Campbell. Glace Bay, Cape Breton, H. Poole. Truro, in hard 
 wood, at the Falls ; also, banks of ravine, back of Terrace Hill 
 Cemetery ; East Mountain, Onslow^ Colchester ; banks of Salmon 
 River, Colchester, with white berries and more slender pedicles, 
 Dr. G. C. Campl)ell. 
 
FLORA OF NOVA Kf'OTIA — LAWSON. 
 
 01 
 
 t of 
 
 Duly 
 
 L,ui< >- 
 L'U' as 
 jially 
 olour 
 " the 
 lit, on 
 ndsor 
 
 occa- 
 1 very 
 , Hali- 
 ax, on 
 
 ems to 
 ipecie8. 
 
 I* 
 
 and in 
 
 lackay. 
 
 Truro, 
 
 ty, and 
 
 Slackay. 
 )r. D. A. 
 in hard 
 ace Hill 
 ■ Sahnon 
 pedicleH, 
 
 MA(}N()UACE/E. 
 
 ■- ■■'■-■ ' ■ >i/*U J.'.- 
 
 MA(iXoL[A ACTMINATA, Linn. Ma^nioIiM. C*iK'undH'r Tree. 
 Planted treoH of tluN specicH ^row well in the Public (Jai'denN, 
 Hiiiifj'x, and at Hi'Ilahill, Sackvilh- (in tVont of the house) : hut 
 in Nova Scotia we have no indi^'enous Hpecie.s of this order, 
 vliich in ])re-nlacial times was .spread over the noi'tliern parts of 
 North America, exten<lin^' even within the Arctic circle. 
 
 LiinoDENDHox Tu LI PI FEU A, Linn. Known only as a ])lante<l 
 ornamental tree. Waverley House, Canning, Kind's Co. Puhlie 
 Clai'dens, Halifax. Mi". (I. A. Thomp.son, of Mas.sachusetts, after 
 visiting Novn Scotia in l(S7JJ, wrote to the lute Dr. How : " I was 
 (juite surpri.sed to see tiie Liriodendron Tidi}nfera siiccessfully 
 cultivate*] so far north. I liad seen <ndy one or two specime!>s 
 in Massachusetts." 
 
 . ^■/ BERBEFT1)ACE/E. ■ ; ' , .. ^ '"'-/''•[ '''i'-'i-; '':' 
 
 Behbekis vrL(iAUi.s, fylnn. Oonnnon Barberry. Windsor, 
 Hants County, cultivated, Dr. How. Lu-^ytield, Halifax County. 
 Ornamental grounds about the city of Halifax, Public CJardens, ■ 
 etc. A European shrub, not native here, l)ut occurs as an occa- 
 sional renniant of cultivation. (The allied Berberis Cavadensin, 
 so called, belongs to the Southern States, and was never found 
 in Canada.) 
 
 PonoPHVLLUM PELTATUM, Linu. Not indigenous in Nova ^ 
 Scotia, although abundant in Ontarit). Lucyfield, and old gar- 
 dens about Halifax, the Public CJaidens, etc. 
 
 NYMPH/EACE.E.* ' 
 
 t 
 
 Nymph.*:a advena, Aiton. American Yellow Pond Lily. 
 In ponds and pools, shallows along lake margins, and along river 
 courses, connnon. Halifax County, abundant. 
 
 Caledonia, Queen's County; Hants, and Cape Breton, Dr. How. 
 
 * For details in repard to Nomenclature and Sjiionyiuy of XTMiMi.tACK.K, see the Author's 
 paper in Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Vol' Vill, Sec. IV, pp !»7-l-25, 1!;38. 
 
n.ORA OF NOVA SrOTIA— LAWSON. 
 
 Pictou, A. H. Miiekiiy. At Truro, in lirookH ami gull.iow in the 
 Mnrsli, cnnnuon, Dr. O. C. CainplM'il. 
 
 ' II 
 
 Nymi'H/KA mickoimivlla, Persoon. Alton and JolniHon'K 
 
 CroNsinif, I. C. K. 
 
 Nympm/KA i.utea, Linn. En^Mish Yellow Pond Lily, ft i" 
 stated that " specinienH rc'ferro<l to this .s|K!cieH wen; ^'athfrtxi in 
 Black Brook, near Alhert Bridge, between South Sydney and 
 Jiouishurg, Cape Breton." — Mucoun's (yatalogue, Part III, p. 4S4. 
 It is very desirahle that a careful examination of the ])Iant in 
 that locality should he made. 
 
 .•f.i:- 
 
 Cas'IALIA odohata, Oreeuf. Kymphaia odovdta, k'xUm, and of 
 ({ray's Manual. White Warmer Lily. Scented Water Lily. 
 Ahunfhmt in the Dartmouth Lakes, Lily Lake, Rocky Lake, and 
 the lakes generally of Halifax County, and of many other [)ai'ts 
 of Nova Scotia. 
 
 Pictiui, A. H. Mackay. In Lily Pond, !iear Truro Cemetery, 
 Dr. (1. C. Camphell. 
 
 The variety minor, with very small leaves and Howers, .should 
 be looked for. C. tnheroaa, with leaves green on both sides (an 
 in* the English 0. alba), is a western and southern species, so 
 far as at present known. •> • :i" « , 
 
 Bhasexia peltata. Pursh. Water Shield. In shallows and 
 p;)ols around the lake shores. Rocky Lake and the connected 
 and neighbouring lakes in Halifax County, abundant; probably 
 not unconnnon through(Hit the Province, most parts of which are 
 furni.slied with lakes. Few special localities have been noted. 
 
 Big Lisconib Lake, Cuysliorougb County, E. R. Faribault, 
 (Macoun's Cat.) % f^i j s c i ■* 
 
 T 
 
 SARRACENIACE^. 
 
 Sarracenia purpurea, Linn. Side-Saddle Flower. Pitcher 
 Plant. Deer Cups. Lawrencetown swamps, Lily Lake, Point 
 Pleasant Park, and many other places in Halifax County, 
 Mount Uniacke lakes and swamps. On the sunnnit of the 
 
FLORA OF NOVA HCOTIA — LAWSOK. 
 
 m 
 
 inouiiUin vnu^o on the north m\e of iivmt BniH d'Or, Cupu 
 Hniton. 
 
 Prat ho^rN at C^)\v Bay, C. B., Dr. (J. C. Cainph,-!!. Near VVind- 
 Hor, HantH, Dr. How. IMctou, A. H. Mackay. Mahone B-y, 
 Lunen I >ur^' County, Rev. K. H. Ball. 
 
 . , BAPAVKRACEiE. 
 
 S.VNfiL'iNAltrA Canadexsi.s, Linn. Canadian Blood Root. 
 I'ictou, A. H. Mackay. Near Truro, C'olclie.ster, ])r. D. A. Caniphell. 
 LucyHeid, Halit'a.x County, intioducud. {Chelldoniiim majas has 
 been dtnilitfully reecavled an an Anna[)oliH plant.) 
 
 F'ai'AVEH soMNiFEurM, Lin7i. Opium Poppy An occasional 
 4ind rather j)er.siHtent eHcape from cultivation ; still retains its 
 hold around very old homesteads. Lucytield, Halifa.x County. 
 Windsor, Hants, intnxhiced, Di-. How. 
 
 Papaveh Rh.kas, Linn. On waste lieaps, Noith Sydney, 
 Cape Breton, Macoun's Cat., p. 484, This, and other Euro})ean 
 species of the genus, are apt to occur in Kelds own witli grain 
 from Europe where they are connnon field weeds. 
 
 • V .V FUMARIACE^, 
 
 Admjmia ciUHHOSA, Rafines(]ue. Not indigenous, so far m 
 knowMi, in Nova Scotia, but spontaneous in gardens and grounds. 
 It is a biennial plant, growling from seed the first year ; flower- 
 ing during the second season, when it produces seeds and dies. 
 When once introduced it is very persistent, the seeds retaining 
 vitality in the soil for many years. 
 
 DiCENTUA Cucullaria, DC. Dutclnnan's Breeches. Pictou, 
 A. H. Mackay. The Falls, Truro, and Debert Mills, Colchester 
 County, Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 DiCENTKA Canadensis, DC. S(juirrel Corn. Near Truro, 
 Dr. D. A. Campbell and Dr. Lindsay, in Catalogue. 
 
 CoRYDALis OLAUCA, PuTsh. In rocky places, especially where 
 vegetable mould has washed into hollows or pockets. Is apt to 
 
94 
 
 FLORA OF NOVA SOOTIA — LAV/SON. 
 
 appear during the Mrst year on newly burnt land, from needs 
 tliat have lain dormant, nnd to disappear as suddenly, giving 
 Vk^ay to stror.ger herbage. On rocky ridges extending from 
 Windsor Junction to Sackville River. Beaver Bank Road, in 
 burnt lainl, 1860, not permanent there. 
 
 St. Croix and Windsor, Hants Dr. How. North- West Arm, 
 Halifax, Drs. Somers and Lindsay. Truro, newly cleared land, 
 near Terrace Cemetery, Dr. G. C, Campbell. 
 
 FUMARIA OFFICINALIS, Linii. Fumitory. Sparingly sponta- 
 neous in gardens in Halifax ; a European weed. 
 
 FuMARiA PARViFLORA, iya?7ic:>-c^. On w^aste heaps at Bedford, 
 Pictori, «T>d North Sydney, Macoun's Catalogue. 
 
 CRUCIFER.^1 
 
 Dentaria diphylla, Linii. In woods. Pietou, A. H. Mackay. 
 Truro, in ravine back of Terrace Hill Cemetery, Dr. G. C. 
 Campbell. 
 
 Cardamine rhomboidea, DC. Pietou, A. H. Mackay, Near 
 Truro, Drs. D. A. Campbell and Lindsay. 
 
 Cardamine hirsuta, Linn. Near Vv^indsor, Dr. How. Pietou, 
 A. H. Mackay. 
 
 Camelina sativa, Crantz. In grain fields, introduced with 
 foreign seed, but not permanent 
 
 Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. Water Cress. Plentiful in 
 two brooks near tl e Three Mile Plains, l)etween Windsor (town) 
 and Newport ; 1 uckets of it were brought to an English col- 
 league and myself, both of us being glad to renew our ac(j[uain- 
 tance with onr pungent favourite of former days. Dr. How,, 
 " Notes." Truro, Dr. D. A. Campbell. Truro, brooks and 
 ditches, connnon. Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 It is desirable to ascertain whether this is really an indigenous 
 species in Nova Scotia, or has been introduced a'-titically. In 
 some parts of Ontario Province, as in l»rooks running into the St. 
 Lawrence Kiver, between Kingston ind Brockville, there is a. 
 
FLOKA OF NOVA SCOTIA— LA WSON. 
 
 95 
 
 forin which certainly looks like a true native plant, and there 
 appears to be no doul.t of its being indigenous on the north-west 
 coast, while it has been regarded hy some as also indiger^ous izi 
 th3 Southern States ; but in (rray's Manual it is treated, as re- 
 gards the Northern States, simply as an escape from cultivation. 
 
 Nasturtium Ahmoracia, Fries. Horse Radish. Rubbish 
 heaps about Halifax city and other towns and villages, a garden 
 <:)utcasl".. 
 
 Nasturtium palustre, DC. On l)allast heaps at Pictou, and 
 at North Sydney, Cape Brett^n, apparently introduced, Macoun's 
 Catalogue. 
 
 Barrarea vuuiARis, R Br. St. Barbara's Herb. Formerly 
 alnmdant about Four Mile House (about Hotel St. Elmo), the 
 village now known as Rockingham, on the western shore of 
 Bedford Basin. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 This plant is regarded .s truly, indigenous in the region to the 
 north and west of Lake Superior; whether it is so in Nova 
 Scotia is doubtful. 
 
 Hesperis MATRONALis, Lhm. Dame's Violet. Grows in old 
 gardens, and persistent. Pulsifer's and Lucyfield, Sackville, 
 Halifax County. 
 
 Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. Hedge Mustard of England. 
 Abundani; Iii Dalliousie College grounds, Halifax. Pictou, A. H. 
 Mackay. 
 
 Brassica SiNAPis, Visl'mi B. Sinapistrum. Boissier, 
 Wats., Gr. Man. Cadiock. Wild Mue;tard. In grain fields, 
 a h»:iT)pean weed, Cornwallis. Truro, very abundant in grain 
 fields, introduced. Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 Brassica nigra, Iloch. Black, or True Mustard. Halifax, 
 Dr. Lindsay. Parrsborough, Cumberland, Dr. How. (There is 
 possibi'^'ty of error in determining the species.) 
 
 Brassica alma, Boissier. In grain fields, sparingly, from 
 foreign seed, but not permanent. Lucyfield. Halifax County. 
 
^ 
 
 9G 
 
 FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA — LAWSON. 
 
 DlPU/rAXis MURALis, DC. On ballast heaps at Pictou, and on 
 ballast at North Sydney, Cape Breton, lcS83, Macoun. 
 
 Capsella Buusa-pastoris, Moench. Sheplierd's Purse. An 
 abundant garden weed in Halifax County, and proljably through- 
 out the whole Province. Waste places around dwellings, Truro, 
 introduced. Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 Lepioium intermedh^m, Gray. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 Lepidium ri'DERale, Linn. Windsor, Hants, and Sydney 
 Bar, Cape Breton ; Sydney Mines, 1859, How. Abundant on 
 l)allast heaps at Pictou, 1883, Macoun's Catalogue. 
 
 Lepidii'M sativum, Linn. Cress. Pepper Grass. Tongue 
 Grass. Spontaneous in gardens where it has been grown and 
 allowed to run to seed. 
 
 Lepidium campestre, Linn. On the wharf at Sydney, Cape 
 Breton, 1883, Macoun. 
 
 Si^NEBiERA didyma, Pevsoon. On ballast at Pictou ; in the 
 streets of Halifax ; and on ballast at North Sydney, Cape Bre- 
 ton, Macoun's List. 
 
 Senebiera Coronopus, Poiret. A few specimens were found 
 on ballast at Pictou, 1883, Macoun. 
 
 Cakile Amt:ricana, Nutt. Sandy sea-shores, common. Hali- 
 fax Harbour Pictou, 'Mackay and Lindsay. Oyster Pond, 
 Guysborough, Rev. E. H. Ball. 
 
 Raphan'Us Raphanistrum, Linn. A weed of cultivated 
 grounds, introduced from Europe, where it is common. 
 Annapolis, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 CISTACE^. 
 
 Helianthemum Canadense, Michaux. Rock Rose. In open 
 sandy woods at Kingston, Annapolis County, 1883, Macoun. 
 
 Hudson [A ericoides, Xi7i'n. On sandy flats on line of Wind- 
 sor and Annapolis Railway, on borders of King's and Annapolis 
 counties. 
 
FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA— LAWSON. 
 
 97 
 
 McNah's iHlaiitl, Halifax, Dr. Somers. Abundant on ratlier 
 dry rocks beyond the North West Ann, Halifax, and very abun- 
 dant, in sand, around Kingston, Annapolis County, Macoun and 
 Burgess. Near Kingston, P. Jack, sp. 
 
 found 
 
 Haii- 
 Pond, 
 
 VIOLACEiE. 
 
 Viola cucullata, Aiton. V. palmata, var. cucullata, Gray, 
 Watson. Common Blue Violet. Moist fields, pastures, aud 
 wayside banks, abundant. Very common In Halifax County. 
 Truro, in grass fields, common. Dr. G. C. Campbell. In wet 
 boggy places the leaves ar.d flowers are smaller, the petals nar- 
 rower and paler. We have no forms approaching V. palmata, 
 Linn. One state, growing in Sack vi He, in light, dry soil, with 
 large fleshy rootstock, numerous very large hairy leaves, and 
 few very large ruddy purple flowers, may be distinct, or possibly 
 a hybrid between cucullata and sagittata, with which two species 
 it grows. 
 
 Viola sagiwata, Aiton. Arrow-leaved Violet. Formerly 
 abundant at Lucyfield, on the banks of the Sackville River, but 
 now almost extinct there. Large forms exist in Point Pleasant 
 Park, Halifax, growing in earthy spots through the woods and 
 on the drives, wherever the earth has beon disturbed. 
 
 Viola Selkirkii, Pursh. " Vicinity of Windsor, Nova 
 Scotia, McGill College Herbarium," Macoun's Cat. There is no 
 further information respecting this rare species, which does not 
 appear to have been found at Windsor in recent years. 
 
 Viola blanda Willdenow. Early White Violet. Sweet 
 Violet. Very abundant in the woods around Halifax, in Sack- 
 ville, Beaver Bank, and many other perts of the Province. A 
 foim with round-reniform leaves is called var. renifolia. 
 
 Truro, damp fields and swamps, very common, Dr. G. C. 
 Campbell. ^.^.«.*.^.^- 
 
 In " Hcjrtus Kewenais, a Catalogue of the Plants cultivated in 
 the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, 2nd edition, by W. T. Aiton, 
 Gardener to His Majesty," this connnon sweet violet of Nova 
 
 7 
 
98 
 
 FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA— LA WSOX. 
 
 'IScotia is entered as " introcluced 1802, by H. R. H. the Duke of 
 Kent." It is still very abundant in the woods surrounding the 
 Duke's former residence, " The Prince's Lodge," on the western 
 ;iiide of Bedford Basin, near Halifax. 
 
 This species was figured in Willdenow's Hortus Berolinensis 
 (figures of plants that had flowered in the Berlin Botanic Garden), 
 in 1804, two j'^ears after it was sent to Kew by the Duke of 
 Ktnt, (Hort. Berol. fasc. II., t. 24). In noticing this work in 
 Annals of Botany, Vol. I., p. 5()8, the editors, Konig and Sims, 
 speak of the figure of the violet as that of " a nondescript elegant 
 species, with -white flowers, from North America," adding the 
 remark : " We recollect to have seen it under the name of F. 
 'pollens in the garden of Mr. Forster, of Hackney (London), who 
 has cultivated and studied a great number of species of this 
 interesting genus." This latter remark serves to explain the 
 synonym and reference in Roemer and Schultes' " Systema," 
 Vol. v., p. 359, viz., " Viola pallens, Forster in Hackney," which 
 has not been repeated by subsec^uent writers. 
 
 Viola primul.*:folia, Linn. The Primrose-leaved Violet. 
 A small pt:tch of this rare species was found at edge of a swamp 
 near the Three Mile Church, Halifax, (Fairview), during an 
 excursion by the Botanical Class of Dalhousie College. This 
 species presents characters intermediate in some respects between 
 V. blanda and V. lanceolata. It was raised artificially from 
 seed obtained from the Fairview station, and cultivated in the 
 garden for several years ; and, although less robust than either 
 of its congeners, it did not show any tendency to revert or lose 
 its distinctive characters. The specific name was originally 
 spelt, in the Species Plantarum, primulifolia, and was so con- 
 tinued by succeeding writers until corrected by DeCondolle, in 
 Prodromus, 1844. 
 
 Viola lanceolata, Linn. Not rare about Halifax, as mar- 
 gins of Steele's Pond and around other pools in Point Pleasant 
 Park, Dutch Village, Dartmouth Lakes, etc. Abundant and ^ery 
 fine on the black mud flats at Lily Lake, between Bedford and 
 Rocky Lake. More sparingly in drier situations. Annapolis^ 
 
FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA — LAWSON. 
 
 99 
 
 of 
 the 
 ,ern 
 
 nsis 
 leii), 
 :e of 
 k in 
 iiiiiB, 
 crant 
 r the 
 
 3f V. 
 
 who 
 
 this 
 n the 
 lema," 
 which 
 
 Violet, 
 wamp 
 tig an 
 
 This 
 itween 
 
 from 
 m the 
 
 eitlier 
 
 (^1- lose 
 
 ginally 
 
 ^o con- 
 
 olle, in 
 
 k inar- 
 
 Pleasant 
 
 id >^ery 
 
 )i-d and 
 
 jiapolis, 
 
 A. n. Mackay. This species was collected near Halifax towards 
 the end of last century by Menzies, the botanist of Vancouver's 
 expedition. 
 
 Viola rotundifolia, Michaux. Teny Cape, Dr. How. The 
 existence of this species in Nova Scotia rests entirely upon Dr 
 How's authority, and it is very desirable that search should be 
 made for the plant at Teny Cape. In Dr. How's Notes, (Proc. 
 Inst. Sc), he remarks : " This pretty plant, the one yellow 
 violet, of which there is a specimen in the Herbarium of Nova 
 Scotia plants procured from me by the Provincial Commissioners 
 for the Paris Exposition of 1867, I have only seen growing at 
 the locality where that specimen was got, viz., at the Manganese 
 Mine, in the woods, at Teny Cape, Hants County." It is possible 
 that a mistake may have been made in the name, as Dr. H. speaks 
 of this as " the one yeUow violet," and does not mention j^ubes- 
 cevs, which has also yellow flowers, and is known certainly as a 
 native. The two plants are easily distinguished, V. rotundifolia 
 being a stemless violet, with all the leaves coming directly from 
 the root, while V. pubescens has erect stems bearing the leaves, 
 without any radical ones. Both have yellow flowers. 
 
 Viola pubescens, Aitov. Giace Bay, H. Poole. Pictou, A. 
 H. Mackay. Truro, Dr. D. A. Campbell, Dr. Lindsay. Strait of 
 Canso, Rev. E. H. Ball. I once picked up a freshly gathered 
 specimen of this plant on the railway platform at Bedford, but 
 could not ascertain whence it came. It is not known to grow 
 anywhere in the Halifax district. 
 
 Viola Canadensis, Linii. At the Newport Plaster Quarries, 
 scarce, close by the station for Adiantum pedatum. The New- 
 port plant is tall and erect, without underground shoots. 
 
 Viola canina, var. Muhlenberoii, Gray. Truro, in woods, 
 at Smith's Island, Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 Viola tricolor, Linn. Rocky Lake Station, Halifax County, 
 No doubt a garden escape. Spontaneous in the garden at Lucy- 
 field. This and V. lutea are the two original sources of the gar- 
 den pansies, which have probably been sul>se(|uently improved 
 
1 1 It ] 
 
 100 
 
 FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA — LAWSON. 
 
 by intermixture of other large-flowered .species. The aiimial 
 field and garden weed V. arvensis, with corolla not exceeding 
 the calyx, is, without sufficient reason, connected by many 
 authors with tricolor as a subspecies or variety ; it has not been 
 found in Nova Scotia. 
 
 V. odorata, the Sweet Violet of England, has been found at 
 Pictou, l)y Mr. Mackay, Imt merely as a garden escape. 
 
 CARYOPHYLLACE.E. 
 
 Saponaria OFFICINALIS, Lhin. Soapwort. An escape from 
 cultivation. Near Twelve Mile House, Halifax County, (flowers 
 double, pale rose color). Windsor, Hants, escaped. How. 
 
 SiLENE CucuBALUS, Wihel. Cow Bells, S. injiata, Smith. 
 About dwellings, etc., Lucyfield, introduced, probably from Bay 
 Chaleur, Gulf of St. Lawrence, where it is abundant. 
 
 Truro, lately introduced with lawn-grass seed. Dr. G. C. 
 Campbell. 
 
 SiLENE ACAULis, Linn. Moss Campion. St. Pauls Island 
 and Cape Breton Island, A. H. Mackay, in Macoun's Catalogue, 
 I, p. 68. 
 
 SiLENE NOCTIFLORA, Linn. Catchfly. Formerly a garden 
 weed at Lucyfleld, but has not been observed of late years. 
 
 Lychnis alba. Miller. L. vespertina, Sibthorp. Annapolis, 
 Dr. How. Probably a remnant of the French occupation. 
 
 Lychnis diurna, Sihlhorp. L. dioica, Linn. Annapolis and 
 Kentville. Probably a remnant of the French occupation. 
 
 Lychnis Githago, Lamarck. Corn Cockle. In fields. Intro- 
 duced with foreign seed-grain, not a permanent weed. Lucyfield, 
 occasionally. 
 
 Halifax, Dr. Somers. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. Strait of Canso, 
 Guysborough, Rev. E. H. Ball. New Glasgow, Dr. How. 
 
 Arenaria serpyllifolia, Linn. Sandy and gravelly soilsj^ 
 introduced. Halifax. 
 
FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA— LAWSON. 
 
 101 
 
 AitENAUiA LATERIFLORA, Linn. Near Windsor, Dr. How. 
 Near Halifax, Dr. Soiners. Cow Bay, Halifax County, Dr. 
 Lindsaj' Pictou, A. H, Mackay. Truro, bordei-s of woods, 
 common ; Smith's Falls ; the Falls, etc.. Dr. G. C. Canipbell. 
 
 Arenarlv f;R(ENLANi)iCA, Spreng. On rocks. North West 
 Arm, Halifax, Macoun and Burgess, in Cat. 
 
 Arenaria peploides, Linn. Honckenya iieploidea, Ehrhart. 
 Sea Purslane. Sandy sea shores, probably all around the coast. 
 Halifax Harbour, abiuidant along sandy beaches. Pennant, Dr. 
 Homers. 
 
 Stellaria media. Smith. Common Chickweed. An abun- 
 ilant weed in gardens and fields, and about yards. A very large 
 fori 1, with elongated stems and long-stalked leaves, is found in 
 garden frames and rich soils in sheltered situations, Halifax, 
 Sackville, etc., abundant. Windsor, Dr. How. Pictou, A. H. 
 Mackay. Trurt), a common weed in gardens and damp places 
 about dwellings, etc., introduced. Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 » 
 
 Stellaria longifolia, Muhlenberg. Long-leaved Stitchwort. 
 Connnon in places about Halifax, in Sackville, Rocky Lake, 
 Beaver Bank, etc. Margaretville, Annapolis County, Dr. How. 
 Truro Marsh, Count}' of Colchester, in grass, connnon, Dr. G. G. 
 Campbell. 
 
 Stellaria longipes, Goldie. Near Halifax, occasionally, but 
 not common. 
 
 Stellaria oraminea, Linn. Beaver Bank. Aliundant at 
 Truro, Halifax, Windsor, and Annapolis, 1<S(S3, Macoun and Bur- 
 gess. It is feared that our native species longifolia and longipes 
 are mixed hy collectors with the introduced European plant 
 S. graminea. Specimens should be carefully examined. 
 
 S longifolia ; leaves narrowed below, being broadest above 
 the base, pedicels spreading, seeds smooth. 
 
 8. longipes ; leaves broadest at the base, pedicels (long) erect 
 seeds smooth. 
 
102 
 
 FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA — LAWSON. 
 
 ii 
 
 S. f/raminea ; leaves broadest above the Itase, pedicels spread- 
 ing widely, seeds rough (rugose). 
 
 Stellauia ULUilxosA, Murray. Margins of ponds, ditches, 
 and wet ])laces in the woods, around Bedford Basin, etc. Halifax 
 County, A. H. Mackay. Connnon in small rills, Point Pleasant, 
 Halifax, Macoun and Burgess. 
 
 Magdalene Islands, 
 
 A. H. 
 
 Stellauia hore.alis, Bi<jelo%v. 
 Mackay. 
 
 Ceuastium vuloatum, Linn. 8p. PI. Abundant in many 
 places. Halifax Peninsula, Daitmonth, BecUord Basin, Sackville, 
 etc. Our plant is perennial, with leafy barren shoots, hairy lait 
 not glandular, petals rather larger than the calyx, and it corre- 
 sponds with 0. triviale, Link. It agrees with the description in 
 Species Plan tai'um, but not with Vaillant's Hgure and description 
 of " Myosntis arvfi/nsis hirsuta, parvo Jiore alho," upon which it 
 is f\)un(led, which has small flowers, the petals ec^ualling the 
 calyx. It is not " clannny-hairy," as described in the Gth edition 
 of (jlray's Manual. Linnanis distinguishes his vidgatuni as simi- 
 lar to vis^osum, but m()re tufted, which seems of itself to iden- 
 tify our Nova Scoiian plant with it ; he notes viscosum as an 
 annual. 
 
 Cerastium viscosum, Linn. Sp. PI. Owing to the confusion 
 in names between this and the preceding species, I forbear giving 
 special localities until specimens can be examined with care. 
 Vaillant's figure of " M. hirsuta altera viscosa," (poted for C. 
 viscosum in Species Plantarum, has large flowers, with petals 
 exceeding the calyx, whereas what is luiw regarded as the visco- 
 sum of Sp. PI. by botanists generally, has small flowers, petals 
 shorter than the calyx. 
 
 Two unfortunate mistakes, (1.) the mistjuoting l)y Linnjeus of 
 Vaillant's figures and descriptions in Botanicon Parisiensi, and 
 (2.) the transposition of the specimens of these two species 
 (viscosum and vulgatum) in the Linnaian Herbarium, have caused 
 such confusion in the nomenclature of these plants, that many 
 European botanists give up the two names as hopeless, and re- 
 
FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA— LAWSON. 
 
 103 
 
 name the plaiitH. The iiioKt important function of a botanical 
 name is to <lenote its particuhir pUmt ; these two have been so 
 mixed up, that they can now be hardly used for that purpose 
 without explanation. 
 
 Cehastium NUTANS, Raflnesque. On the railway track at 
 Windsor Junction, Halifax County. Several plants have been 
 brou^dit to this place with gravel from King's County, used in 
 Ijallasting the railway track, l)ut I ncjticed 0. nutans long before 
 the railway was extended to King's County, and it is no doubt 
 indigenous. 
 
 • Cehastium auvense, Linn. On the trap cliffs at Blomidon, 
 the true indigenous form of the plant. Truro, in gravelly soil, 
 on the margins of the stream issuing from the Victoria Park. 
 
 Pictou, Macoun. Truro, in grass fields and on road sides; 
 Wimburn Hill, Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 Sa(JINA phocuimhens, Linn. Not rare on roadside banks about 
 Halifax and Bedford Basin ; between Twelve Mile House and 
 Upper Sackville, Halifax County; Lucytield, near St. John's 
 Parish Church, Sackville ; Dutch Village ; North West Arm, etc. 
 
 Windsor, Hants, Dr. How. Very connnon at Pictou, A. H. 
 Mackay. Common all around Truro, Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 In Watson & Coulter's (sixth) edition of Gray's Manual, this 
 species is described as '• annual or perennial," p. 89. In Nova 
 Scotia it is a ilecided perennial, each plant forming a compact 
 tuft or cushion, with numerous short barren leafy, as well as long 
 floriferous, shoots. /S, procumbevs is thus very different in 
 habit from such annual species^ as S. apetala, in which leaf- 
 rosettes are scarcely formed, and all the shoots bear flowers. In 
 the West and South, S. procumbens may be less tufted and more 
 evanescent. Even the dandelion, which is such a persistent per- 
 ennial in the cold swamps of the far north, becomes almost a 
 biennial in the richer soils of Ontario, and in warm climates far- 
 ther south. 
 
 Speugula AiiVENSis, Linn. Common Spurry. A European 
 agricultural plant and weed, thoroughly established, and looks 
 like a native. Lucytield, Halifax County, abundant. 
 
104 
 
 FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA— LAWSON. 
 
 Truro, in ^rain fieMs, coiiiinon, Dr. G. C. Campboll. WindHor, 
 Dr. How. Halifax, Dr. SoinerH. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 Si'ElUJiTLAUlA urMRA, Presl. Sandy and ^n-avolly places. 
 
 Not rare about Halifa.x. Old Windsor Road, Sackville. 
 
 North Sydney, Cape Breton, Maeoun. Windsor, Hants, 
 Dr. How. 
 
 Si'EiKiULAHiA SALINA, Presl Pictou, A. H. Mackay. North 
 Sydney, Cape Breton, and Pictou, Maeoun, Annapolis, Prof 
 Fowler, Macoun's Cat. 
 
 PORTULACACEiE. 
 
 PORTULACA OLEIIACEA, Linn. Purslane. In cultivated lands, 
 Cornwallis, King's County, an abundant and troublesome weed, 
 introduced from Europe, and now widely spread over America, 
 especially in the South and West. In France used as a salad, 
 see Report of Secretary for Aorriculture, N. S., for 1890. 
 
 Claytonia Caroliniana, Michaux. Debert Mills, Colchester 
 County, Dr. G. C. Campbell. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. Hall's 
 Harbour, King's Count}', and Sherbrooke, Guysborough, Dr. 
 How. Port Mulgrave, Rev. E. H. Ball. 
 
 Claytonia Virginica, Linn. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. Near 
 Truro, Drs. D, A. Campbell and Lindsay. 
 
 MoNTiA FONTANA, Linn. Blinks. Named for J. de Monti, an 
 Italian botanist, a small, annual, glabrous herb, 1 to 5 inches 
 high, flowers minute. In a meadow a little above the first fish- 
 ing stage after crossing the North-West Arni, Halifax, Maeoun 
 and Burgess. 
 
 HYPERICACEiE. 
 
 Hypericum ellipticum, Hqoker. Wilmot, Annapolis, Dr. 
 How. On the borders of ditches in Truro Marsh, Colchester, 
 Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 Hypericum perforatum, Linn. Bushy places around Bedford 
 Basin, originally introduced from England, and liable to 
 
FLOHA OF NOVA SCOTIA — LAW80N. 
 
 105 
 
 l)CC()iu(.' a noxious weed in pastuieH, the juice ha'mcr acrid, and 
 the secretion of the glands said to be injurious to the eyes of 
 cattl pasturinu. Truro, in damp iields, intnxhiced. Dr. U. C. 
 Campbell. 
 
 Hypericum maculatum, Walter. H. covymhoaum, Mulil. 
 Halifax, Dr. Lin<lsay. 
 
 flvPEUicUM MUTIMJM, f/inn. Truro, in v.-et woods, ])ack of 
 Terrace Hill Cemetery, Dr. G. C. Campbell. Windsor, Dr. How. 
 Dartmouth, Halifax County, Dr. Lindsay. 
 
 Hypeuicum Canaden.se, Linn. Windsor, Dr. How. Halifax, 
 Drs. Lindsay and Homers. Truro, sandy spots in the Marsh, 
 common. Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 Elodes campanulata, Pursh. E. Virginica, Nuttall. Abun- 
 dant around the boggy margins of lakes, as Sandy Lake, Halifax 
 Oounty. 
 
 Windsor, Dr. How. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. Truro, common 
 in swamps ; Smith's Island, etc., Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 MALVACEiE.* 
 
 Malva rotundifolia, Linn. Connnon Mallow. Windsor 
 and Kentville, Dr. How. 
 
 Malva mo.schata, Linn. By roadsides near Paradise, Annapo- 
 lis County, probably escaped from gardens, (flowers rose-coloured). 
 Sackville Mills, Halifax County, (flowers white). 
 
 Pictou, A. H. Mackay. Cape Breton, H. Poole, in How's list. 
 
 Malva crispa, fy'inn. Pictou, rare, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 Malva sylvestrls, Linn. Ballast heaps at Pictou. I do 
 not know whether it is permanently established. 
 
 The record of Sackville as a station for Malca horealis, in 
 Catalogue, in Proceedings of the Institute, Vol. IV, p. 18M, is 
 erroneous, and was printed without my knowledge ; the ern)r is 
 repeated in Macoun's Catalogue, Part I, p. 86. 
 
 Hibiscus Trionum, Linn. Escaped from gardens, rare, A. H. 
 Mackay. 
 
 *.See Baker's recent papers in the London Journal of Botany. 
 
mi 
 
 FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA — LAWSON. 
 
 TfLIACR.*:. 
 
 TiLiA I'AKVIFOLIA, Ildipie, Al"/.ue^n\\\'tlc]\H^\ III, t. Mi or 47, 
 (l.s:U). DC. Pru«l.. Xvil, p. :n7. The coimnon Lime Trtse, or 
 Lin<k>n. 
 
 A coiiunou .street tree in tlie city of Halifax and tlie country 
 towns. 
 
 Windsor, Hunts, planted, Di". How. This s{»ecies, coimnoidy 
 called l>y the a^'^nv^ate (and therefore ohjectionable) Liinuean 
 name, T. KuropMi. is om' hest sluule tree for planting' in the city 
 of Halifax. It forms a compact head, stands pruning to any 
 shape, and the roots form a liall .so that the tree can he retnoved 
 even aft«'r it has attained considerable a^e. In dry situations 
 inland, the foliage is liable to be scorched in the hot sea.son, 
 but this rarely occurs near the .seashore. 
 
 LINACEyE. 
 
 LiNUM r.siTATi.ssiMrM, Linn. Connnon Flax. Spontaneous 
 in fields where flax has been ^n*own, but not permanent; fre- 
 (piently found by waysides and along railroad tracks, where the 
 Heed has escaped in transit. 
 
 LfxrM CATHARTicUM, Linu. On waste ground along the sea- 
 shore at Pictou, Macoun and Burgess. 
 
 GERANIACEiE. 
 
 Geranium maculatum, Linv. Windsor, Hants, Dr. How. 
 In fields, Halifax, Dr. Lindsay. 
 
 Geranium Carolinianum, Linn. Windsor, Hants County, 
 Rev. J. B. Uniacke, (How's List). Elm.sdale, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 Geranium Robertianum, Linv. Blomidon, amongst rocky 
 dehvis fallen from the cliffs. 
 
 Spencer's IsLnid, Cum1)erland County, and Marble Island, Cape 
 Breton ; also near Windsor, Dr. How. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. 
 Manchester, Guysborough County, Rev. E. H. Ball. Whycoco- 
 magh. Cape Breton, and Pictou, Dr. Lindsay. 
 
FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA — LAWSON. 
 
 107 
 
 S(!veml c'oiimirn Kuropeuii HpwiuH of Geranium occur occa- 
 Hioiiallv, ami have lictoi ol)Hcrvc<l in fences and liv loatlsidcH at 
 IMctou and clHewhcre, but it Ih not known wlkcther they are per- 
 manent. 
 
 OXAMs A<'ET(>SK[,LA, Livu. Wood Sorn'l. Common in the 
 vv(mm1h in moist phices. Halifax and Saci<ville, North Mountain, 
 Kin^'H, &c. 
 
 Windsor, Hants, Dr. How. Scot's Bay, Kind's County, E. A. 
 Tliompson. Ti'ur<>, (himp w(M)ds at the F'alls; also ravine I »ack 
 of Terrace Hill Cemetery, i)r. (). C. Campbell. Pictou, A. H. 
 M«ckay. Strait of Canso, (iuysboiou^dj Comity, Rev. E. H. Hall. 
 
 OxAf.is coitxicULATA, var. STRICTA, Savi. Connnon, especially 
 in clearings in the woods. Halifax Peninsula, Bedford Basin, 
 Sack vi lie, etc. 
 
 Truro, in cultivated ^a-ound, connnon. Dr. (». C. Canipbell. 
 Windsor, Hants, Dr. How. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. Strait of 
 Can.so, (fuysborou^h, Rev. E. H. Ball. 
 
 ImpatieNk FllLVA, Nuttull. Moist ^nound, and stony places, 
 not unconunon alxmt Halifax, as near Wellington Barracks, 
 Dutch Village, etc. ; Beaver Bank Railway station ; Lucytield, 
 Middle Sackville. 
 
 Windsor ; near Di^diy ; Moose River, Dig))y County, Dr. How. 
 Truro, in swamps around Smith'.-. Island, Dr. G. C. Camjibeli. 
 Pictou, A. H, Mackay. Whycoconia^di, Cape Breton, Dr. Lind- 
 say. Oyster Ponds, (iuy.sborough. Rev. E. H. Ball. Halifax, 
 Drs. Somers and Lindsay. 
 
 ILICINEiE. 
 
 Ilex verticillata, Gray. Hollyl)erry Bush. Margins of 
 Sackville River near Sackville Mills, and on hill top atLucyfield, 
 Halifax County. 
 
 Truro, McClure's Island, growing in wet ground, bordering on 
 the Marsh, Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 
 Ilex glabra. Gray. Inkberry. In low grounds along the 
 river courses, Caledonia, Queen's County, abundant. 
 
108 
 
 FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA— LAWSON. 
 
 North- West Arm, Halifax, Col. Hardy, R. E., (How's List, 
 1876.) Near Shelburne, P. Jack. Near an old mill pond, North- 
 West Arm, Halifax, Maeoun and Burgess. 
 
 Nemopanthes fascicularis, Rafinesque. Mountain Holly. 
 N. Canadensis, DC. Halifax County and Pictou, A. H. Mackay, 
 in Macoun's Cat. 
 
 CELASTRACE^E. 
 
 Celastrus scandenh, Linn. Wax- Work. Introduced by Hon. 
 Justice Ritchie, and now grown as an ornamental creeper in 
 Halifax City and other parts of the Province. 
 
 EuoNYMUS Americanus, Linn. Windsor, Hants, cultivated, 
 Dr. How. 
 
 VITACE.E. 
 
 ViTLS riparia, Michaux. Northern Grape. The evidence in 
 favor of the former and present existence of grape vines, pre- 
 snnably of this species, in Nova Scotia, is given and discussed 
 in a paper published in the Proceedings of the Institute. It is 
 very desirable that further inquiries should be made, and speci- 
 mens obtained. 
 
 Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michaux. Virginian Creeper. 
 American Ivj^ Not indigenous in Nova Scotia, so far as known, 
 but a common creeper on the v\'alls and verandas of dwellings. 
 Common in Halifax, especially in the older parts of the city, in 
 the " north end." Windsor, Hants, cultivated. Dr. Ho\^^ 
 
 SAPINDACEiE. 
 
 iEscuLUS HiPPOCASTANUM, Linn. Horse-Chestnut. An 
 A.siatic tree, long cultivated in western Europe and America. 
 In deep, porou3, well-drained soils, it thrives remarkably wxll, 
 but on heavy land it is not so vigorous, and is apt to be killed off 
 in dry seasons. There are some fine old trees at Donaldson's, 
 Birch Cove, on the western shore of Bedford Basin, near Halifax, 
 at Windsor, and other places. 
 
 II 
 
FLORA OB' NOVA SCOTIA — LAWSON, 
 
 109 
 
 II 
 
 Pictou and Annapolis, A. H. Mackay. Commonly planted, 
 Dr. Lindsay. Windsor, Hants, planted. Dr. How. 
 
 Acer Pennsylvanicum, IAn7i. Striped Maple. Snake 
 Maple. Moosewood. Striped Dogwood These names refer to 
 the green glossy bark striped with dark blotchy lines. In wet 
 woods, not rare in Halifax County ; abundant around Sandy 
 Lake. 
 
 Truro, ravine back of Terrace Hill Cemetery ; the Falls, ^tc, 
 common, in flower June 11th, 1884, Dr. G. C. Campbell. Wind- 
 sor, Dr. How. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 Acer spicatum, Lamarck. Spike-flowered Maple. Bush 
 Maple. Rockingham, near Halifax, on the bank between the 
 road and salt pond near St. Elmo Hotel, and at other points 
 around Bedford Basin, as near Prince's Lodge, and on the Dart- 
 mouth side, but usually as single examples, and not common. 
 
 Truro, wooded banks at Bible Hill, Dr. G. C. Campbell. 
 Windsor, Dr. How. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. Halifax, Drs. Somers 
 and Lindsay. 
 
 Acer saccharinum, Wavg. Sugar Maple. Rock Maple. 
 In the drier woods, r^fcher scarce in Halifax County. 
 
 Windsor, Dr. How. Halifax and Cape Breton, Dr. Lindsay. 
 Pictou, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 Acer rubrum, Linn. Conmion Maple. Red Mapl^. (Twigs 
 reddish, flowers bright red, leaves changing to bright red tints in 
 autumn.) Very general and abundant, especially along the 
 courses of streams, and on the banks of lakes, in Halifax County. 
 
 Truro, on borders of swamps, and in wet woods, common, Dr. 
 G. C. Campbell. Windsor, Dr. How. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 Acer Pseudo-Platanus, Linn. Plane Tree. Sycamore. 
 Pl&::ted for ornament in Halifax city. Canning, King's Co., E. 
 A. Thompson, 1873. 
 
 Negundo aceroideh, Mmnch. Not indigenous in Nova Scotia, 
 but occasionally planted as an ornamental tree. In Public Gar- 
 dens, and elsewhere in the City of Halifax. 
 
110 
 
 FLORA OF NOVa SCOTIA — LAWSOX. 
 
 At LucyfieM, the form K. Hectori, Hort. Ediii., i-aised from 
 seeds collected b}^ Sir James Hector, during the Pallish»'r expe- 
 dition, is very hardy, and never suffers from severe winters, as 
 the ordinary form of the tree does. 
 
 Stafhylea finnata, Linn., whicli grows in shrubberies in 
 England, is recorded by Dr. How as found at Wincisor, cultivated. 
 
 ANACARDIACEiE. 
 
 Rhls typhina, Linn. Quite comnum along t .e banks of 
 Bedford Basin, by the road from Halifax to Bedford, indi- 
 genous. Not recorded from any inland localities. 
 
 Cultivated at V/indsor, Dr. How. Pictou, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 • Rhus Toxicodendron, Zin-n. Poison Ivy. Plentiful in stony 
 land, a few miles above Dartmouth town, belonging to tlie 
 Admiralty, on the Dartmouth side of Bedford Basin ; also near 
 the shore to the westward of Bedford village, at the head of tlie 
 Basin. In wild rocky lands, between Windsor Juncticm and 
 Salmon Hole, Windsor Road, Halifax County. North- West Arm, 
 Halifax, Close by the salt spring, Whycocomagh, Cape Breton, 
 18G4. Abundant among stones, at the base of the cliff at Look 
 Out, on the North Mountain, King's County, below the station:; 
 for Woodsia Ilvensis and Aspleniuni Ttnchonianes. 
 
 Cumberland, A. H. Mackay. 
 
 Stations should be carefully recorded, as some persons suffer 
 severely from handling the plant, in ignorance of the injurious 
 effects of its exhalations, or of the more sensitive parts of the 
 
 
 skin coming in contact with it. 
 
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