IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) :s° 4^. 1/ /v"/. 1.0 I.I 1.25 If iiM m •- IM 1 2.2 ^ I4S IIIIIM 1.4 1.6 m ^ .%. /; ^' Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 ,\ V L1>' \\ ■o. ^(IU,,»»|JIWI-. "r RECORD or JAPANESE VESSELS DRIVEN UPON THB NORTH-WEST COAST OF AMERICA AND ITS OUTLYING ISLANDS. BY HORACE DAVIS. VMt iefoR ttit flmniun . Without any spcralatiou upoa the origin of the Indian Tribes, I desire to bring if ..'other a few facts regarding the possibility of an admixture of Japnnec ; blood on the north- west coast of America ; and shall confine myself to this narrow point, leaving it for others to draw wider conclu- sions from these premises, or kindred facts. The great North Pacific Ocean current is so well known as to need only the briefest description. Leaving the coast of Lower California between Int. 15* and 25°, the great Northern Equatorial Current crosses, the Pacific in about that latitude. Towards the Asiatic Coast it is gradually deflected to the northward and sweeps by Japan in a well defined stream, called by the Japanese the "Kuro-Siwo," commonly termed the "Japan Warm Stream." Further north, about lat. 38° North, it divides, one part flowing northeasterly along the Coast of Asia, called the Kamt- chatka Current, while the other portion, which more nearly concerns us, sweeps away to the eastward and crossing the Pacific Ocean south of the Aleutian Islands is deflected by the continent of America to the southward, and following its western shoreij, finally reaches the point of beginning. Prrtft^N,W.HtetofyO60t 8168.3 6 A vessel dismasted off Japan would inevitably be .drifted past the shores of Kamtchatka, or following the other branch would reach the neighborhood of the Continent of America. This has actually happened in repeated instances. With- in the ninety years which comprise the history of the N. W. Coast, several disabled Japanese vessels have reached our shores. Two have been wrecked upon the main land, four upon the islands now belonging to the United States, one upon islands immediately adjacent to Lower California, and one at least, if not two, have been boarded at sea but a short distance from our shores, and in every case of which we have record, living men were rescued from the wreck. It is my object simply to collect these incidents and present them in a connected form, giv- ing in each case the original authorities, and such explana- tion as the case may require. 1 shall quote first from Kotzebue's "Voyage of Discovery into the South Sea and Behring's Straits," London, 1821, Vol. 1. On page 324 he speaks of meeting at Honorara (Ho'iohilu), Woahoo (Oahu), a brig in the royal Hawaiian service, named after Queen Kahumanna. She was built by the French as a privateer and named "La Grande Guim- barde." Having been taken by the English, she was sold to English merchants, who gave her the name "Forester of London." Capt. Piggott brought her out to the " South Sea" and sold her to Tamaahmaah (Kamehameha), King of the Hawaiian Islands. Capt. Alexander Adams, Capt. Piggott's second officer, then entered the King's eorvice and became her commander. On page 352 Kotzebue says, "Capt. Alexander Adams dined with us to-day, whose con- vorsation delighted us very much." And in a note, p. 353, he gives this interesting incident, "Looking over Adams' journal I found the following notice, 'Brig Forester, the 24th of March, 1815, in the sea, near the coast of Califor- nia, lat. 32» 45' N., long. 233' 3' East, [57' W.] During a strong wind from W. N. W. and rainy weather, we descried this morning at 6 o'clock, a ship at a small dis^ tance, the disorder of whose sails convinced us that it stood in need of assistance. We immediately directed our course to it, and recognized the vessel in distress to be a Japanese, which hud lost her mast and rudder. 1 was sent by the Captain on board, and found in the ship only three (3) dying Japanese, the Captain and two sailors. I instantly had the unfortunate men carried to our brig, where they were perfectly recovered, after four mouths careful attendance. We learnt from these people that they came from the port of Osaco [Osaca], in Japan, bound to another commercial town, but had been surprised immedi- ately on their departure, by a storm, and had lost their mast and rudder. They had been, up to this day, a sport of the waves for seventeen months ; and of their crew of thirty-five men only three had survived, who would have died of hunger."' Prof. Geo. Davidson, in "Coast Pilot of Alaska," Wash- ington, 1869, page 63, quotes this passage and says the poeition indicated is about 350 miles W. S. W. (compass), from Point Conception. Prof. Davidson adds, "supposing this junk to have kept on the S. side of the axis of the great cuiTent, and to have been carried directly down the American coast on the western part of this current, it m^ist 8 have traversed 5,300 miles in 516 days, or a trifle over ten miles per day for that whole period." The next instance I shall cite is to be found in Alexander Forlws' History of California, written at Tepic, 1838, pub- lished in London, 1839, part 2d, Upper California, chap. VII., pages 299-301. Forbes says, "The British brig Forester, bound from Loudon to the river Columbia, and commanded by Mr. John Jennings, fell in with, in the year 1813, a Japanese junk of about 700 tons burden, one hun- dred and fifty miles off the northwest const of America and abreast of Queen Charlotte's Island, about 49* of N. lati- tude. There were only three persons alive on board, one of whom was the captain. By the best accounts Capt. Jennings could get from them, they had been tossing about at sea for nearly eighteen months ; they had been twice in sight of the land of America, and were driven off. Some beans still remained on which they had been sustaining themselves, and they had caught rain water for their drink. This vessel had left the northern coast of Japan loaded with timber for some of the islands to the southward, and had been blown off the coast by gales of wind. She had no masts standing, but in other respects was not much injured. Captain Jennings took the survivors on board of his vessel and delivered them nt the Russian settlement of Norfolk Sound, the governor of which, owing to the friend- ship existing between Russia and the Japanese, sent a vessel on purpose with them to their own country." The position here indicated is somewhat uncertain, as Queen Charlotte's Island lies between about 51° and 54° N. latitude, but in Forbes's time the geography of this coast 9 fle over ten was uncertain. The identity of the name of the vessel, of the number of rescued men and of the length of the junk's voyage, leads to a suspicion that this may be the same as the last instance ; but the differences are greater than the coincidence, viz : the Captain's name, the junk's port of departure, Osaca being at the southern end of Niphon, the wreck's position, over 1200 miles from that of Capt. Adams, and the year. Forbes was in Calfornia himself, and evidently from the minuteness of this account, gathered it from something more than mere rumor; he may have heard of the rescue by the "Forester" and confused the two events. It is very singular that no writer that I am aware of has ever noticed this remarkable story, and that Prof. Davidson is the only oue who has cited the note from Kotzebue. Capt. C. M. Scammon, of the U. S. Bev. Marine, who was the discoverer of the wreck I am now about to describe, has kindly furnished me with the following facts, contributed by himself to tlio Daily Alta California, of April 22, 1860. "In 1853 there was found on the south- west and largest of the San Benito Group, the remains of what was supposed to be a Japanese junk ; whether it was some part of those said to have been cast away on the coast of Oregon several years ago, or the relic of some (tther eastern [Orieutal] sailing craft, is a subject of con- jecture. That it was one or the other there can be no doubt. The planks were fastened together on the edges with spikes or bolts of u flat shape, with the head all on one side. The seams were not straight, although the work- n)auHhip was otherwise good. It appeared to bo the bot- tom of a 'espc-l that was seen here and gave evidence of 2 10 having been a long time on shore." San Benito Islands are off Lower California, near Cerros Island, lat. 28 N., Ion. 116 W. Capt. Scammun has since furnished me with the follow- ing memorandum, from Chief Engineer Jas. A. Doyle, of U. S. S. "Lincoln:" "In July, 1871, while attached to the U. S. Rev. Str. Lincoln, I visited the island of Attoii, which marks the extreme western limit of our new posscb- sions. I went on shore and was kindly received by the natives. I was shown the remains of a Japanese junk that had been wrecked on the island not far from the harbor. The people told me that they saved four of the crew and kept them for nearly a year until they were taken oft' by one of the Fur Company's vessels on her annual visit to the island. The old chief (he was about seventy) told me that during his time three junks had been lost on the our- rounding islets, and jokingly remarked that the people would thank the Almighty if he would direct the wrecked junks into their harbor, as they were very badly oft" for wood." I presume the first one mentioned by Mr. Doyle is the same vessel as that alluded to by Prof. Davidson, which stranded on Attou, in 18G2. The other three are entirely new instances. I will next cite the wreck of a vessel OiJ Point Adams, the southern shore ol the mouth of Columbia Kiv,ir, proba- bly somewhere from 1810 to 1820. My oldest authority on this vessel is Capt. 6\r Edward Belcher, who was at Astoria in 183!>. In his "Voyage around the World," London, 184;$, Vol. I., page 306, he says: "A wreck like- wise occurred in this bay, [meaning the indentation of the 11 lito Islands lat. 28 N., the foUow- L. Doyle, of attached to d of Attou, new posscb- ived by the ise junk that the harbor, ho crew and taken otf by .1 visit to the ;y) told me t on the our- the people the wrecked jadly oif for Doyle Is the ideon, which > are entirely 'oint Adams, River, proba- est authority who was at the World," i\ wreck like- itation of the ■i I i coast off the Columbia River] , many years ago. » • • • It appears that a vessel with many hands on board, and laden with bees-wax, entered the bay and was wrecked; she went to pieces, and the crew got on shore. M:iny articles were washed on shore, and particularly the bees- wax. This latter is even now [1839] occasionally thrown upon the beach, but in smaller quantities than formerly. I have one specimen now in my possession." Prof. Davidson, in his "Coast Pilot of California, Oregon and Washington Territory," U. S. Coast Survey, 1869, alludes to her as a "Chinese or Japanese junk." He says, "there are occasionally, after great storms, pieces of this wax thrown ashore, coated with sand and bleached nearly white. Formerly a great deal was found, but now it is rarely met with. Many people on the Coluirbia possess specimens, and we [in 1851] have seen several pieces." See also Overland Monthly, Jan'y, 1871, article entitled "Mouth of Columbia River." I do not know on what authority Davidson confidently pronounces the vessel a "Chinese or Japanese junk," nor do I know what became of the crew. This wreck has been very generally con- founded with the one of which I am now about to relate. Earl}' in 1833 a Japanese jiuik Avas wrecked somewhere on the coast of Washington Territory, between Point Grenville and Cape Flattery. The authorities in this case are Capt. Wyeth, in a note, in the appendix of Irving's "Adventures of Capt. Bonneville," Sir Edward Belcher, as above, and Wilkes' Exploring Expedition. She had been out a very long time, whence, or whither bound, does not appear, and many of her crew had perished by starvation or disease before she was wrecked, and Belcher adds that i 12 "several dead bodies were headed up in casks." After stranding, the wreck was plundered and the survivors enslaved by the savages. Wilkes says the officers of the Hudson Bay Company, at Astoria, became aware of this disaster in a singular manner. They received a drawing on a piece of China-paper, in which were depicted three shipwrecked persons, with the junk on the rocks and the Indians engaged in plundering. This was sufficient to induce them to make inquiries, and Capt. McNeal was dis- patched on the H. B. Co.'s vessel 'Lama' to Cape Flattery. He had the satisfaction to find the three Japanese, whom he rescued from slavery. There were two men and a boy, and there was some trouble in purchasing the boy. The H. B. Co. subsequently sent them to England, whence they were sent to Macao, and it is stated in Perry's Japan Expe- dition, that in 1837 they were sent to the 'bay of Yeddo, in the "Mon-ison," by Mr. C. A. King> an Americi'-i mer- chant; the "Morrison" was fired upon and sailed away to Kagosima, was again fired upon and returned to Macao, with the Japanese on board. As a memorial of this extra- ordinary incident, says Wilkes, porcelain of Japanese manufacture, which was purchased from the Indians who plundered the junk, was seen in possession of Mr. Birnie, the agent of the H. B. Co., at Astoria. Capt. Wyeth says he saw two of the; men. Davidson alludes to this vessel in "Coast Pilot of Cal. &c." p. 181. See also Schoolcraft's Indian tribes of U. S., p. 217, and Haven's Archieology of U. S. (Smithsonian Cont. , 1856), p. 8. The reference may be found in Belcher's Voyage, chapter XII., Vol. I., p. 303, Wilkes' Exi)loring Expedition, Vol. IV., chap. IX., page 295, Rev. F. L. Hawkes' Account of Com. Perry's 18 IS." After survivors cere of the v&re of this a drawing icted three eks and the lufBcient to eal was dis- )e Flattery, nese, whom and a boy, boy. The whence they Japan Expe- if Yeddo, in ericj'-i raer- iled away to cl to Macao, if this extra- Df Japanese Indians who ' Mr. Birnie, Wyeth says this veseei in Schoolcraft's rchajology of he reference ;., Vol. I., p. , chap. IX., Com. Perry's Expedition to Japan, Wash. 1856, Vol. I., p. 47. Wyeth errs in locating the wreck on Queen Charlotte's Island, and Hawkes errs in placing her at the mouth of the Columbia. About 1800-1805 a Japanese junk was wrecked on the coast of Alaska, probably near Sitka. This incident was furnished me by the kindness of Prof. Davidson, and so far as I know has never been published. Davidson has failed to find the account in the Russian Documents, but obtained the information during his survey of the coast of Alaska. The Japanese sailors were landed and assignr i by Wrangell to Japonski Island, opposite Sitka, the Island receiving its name from them. They were taken thence to Japan, cither in a Russian vessel, or in one built by themselves ; Davidson thinks they built one from the wreck. The com- pass of the junk, many stone carvings &c., are in posses- sion of Dr. Hough, of the U. S. Army, and now stationed on Alcatraz Island, in San Francisco harbor. Prof. David- son also has some of the carvings. In the latter part of the 18th century, pi-obably about 1780, a Japanese junk was wrecked on one of the Aleutian Islands, (name unknown). This information may be found in the histoiy of the Russian-American Shelikuff Com- pany, by P. Tichmeneff, part I., p. 100, and in Hawkes' Account of the Perry Expedition, Vol I., p. 45. Tich- meneff, whose account I have copied from Prof. Davidson's notes, says : "These Japanese were saved by a clerk in the employ of the Shelikoff Company, named Delaroff, who was temporarily in one of the Aleutian Islands. On that Island he found a wrecked Japanese junk. Delaroff took all the Japanese in his vessel to the city of Ockotsk and thence to Irkutsk. They had little hope, however, of iM 14 seeing their native land, as some of thorn had already been cDnverted to the Christian religion. The father of Lieut. Lakmann, [the embassador heading the expedition which finally returned them to Japan], a scientific Gorman gentle- man, living at that time in Irkutsk, and cngng(;d in a manu- facturing establishment, advised Shelikoft", (Chief of the Company bearing his name), to confer with the Empress Catherine and suggest that the wrecked Japanese bo for- warded to their country, as through this means Japan might become better known and a successful commercial treaty established. The Empress answered that the plan was excellent, and immediately [17i>2] ordered an expedition to carry the Japanese home. Accompanying the expedition was a letter from the G'lvernor-Gcneral of Siberia and valuai)lc presents to the Japanese Goverunicnt. The em- bassador entrusted with the enterprise was Lieut. Adam Lakmann, the Captain-Commanding Larkoft". The expedi- tion was kindly received by the Japanese Government, and the Emperor gave permission that one Russian vessel should yearly be allowed to enter Nagasaki for the purpose of commercial intercourse with Japan." Hawk(!8 gives a somewhat ditreront account of their return. He says they were detained ten years in Russia, and sailed in the fall of 1792, from Ockotsk, in a transport ship, called the "Catherine." They soon made a harbor in the northern part of the Island of Jesso, and there win- tered ; in the succeeding summer they entered the harbor of Hakodndi The Japanese were polite, but refused to take back their country-men, and Lakmann left without landing the Japanese. "In September, 18(i2, a Japanese vessel was wrecked on 16 8 wfockcd on the Island of Attou. They hud been driven oif the const of Japan two or three months before, with a crew of twelve men, of which she had lost nine before going ashore; and she had thns been drifted 1800 miles in the Kamtschatka cutTcnt, at an average velocity of twenty miles per day." Davidson's Alaska Coast Pilot, p. 64. Prof. Davidson to'd me ho got these particulars from the officers who rescued them. Attou is in lat. 52° 40 N., Ion. 170" 40' East, and is the westernmost point of the territory of the United States. Still it is not over 700 miles from the main land, and coMuected with it by a chain of i^^lands. On Saturday, Kith Decemlier, 1871, the schooner H. M. Hutchinson brought into San Francisco three Japanese castaways, taken from Atka Island, in lat. 52^ 30' N., Ion. 175° west. The junk Jiuko Mnru of Mats Saka, province of Ise, of 180 kogns mcaswreiuent, sailed from Ise with a cargo of rice for Kumano province. She met with a severe gale on the 28th day of November, 1870, lost her rudder and was obliged to cut away her masts. She drifted till the 15th May, 1871, when her crew sighted the Island of Adakh, and let go her anchor about a mile from shore. They had eaten up her cargo of rice, and only three of the crew remained alive. The Aleutians canio off, and hove np the anchor, and towed her into a little harbor, where she drove ashore in a gale soon after. The Japanese lived two months on Adakh, being kindly treated by the Fur Com- pany's agents. Thence they sailed in their own boat to Atka, arriving July 10; whence the Hutchinson took them (Sept !•), to Oiuialaskii, and thence to San Francisco. Adakh is very near Atka, to the W. S. W. It is about 520 miles from the nearest point of the continent of 16 America, but it is connected with the main land by the chain of islands between Alaska and Attou.* Before closing this singular catah)gue of waifs, I will odd three cases of drifting upon islands in our half of the Pacific Ocean, though far removed from us, and two of dis- masted junks, found near the Aleutian Islands. Belcher, Vol. I., p. 304, says: "About the same time [1833], another Japanese junk was wrecked on the Island of Oahu, Sandwich Islands. From the Hawaiian Spectator, Vol. 1., p. 296, I have the details. ' A junk, laden with fish, and having nine hauJs on board, left one of the southern islands of the Japanese Group, for Jeddo, but, encounter- ing a typhoon, was driven to sea. After wandering about the ocenn for ten or eleven months, they anchored on the last Sunday in December, 1832, near the harbor of Waiplea, Oahu. Their supply of water had been obtained from casual showers. On being visited, four persons were found on board ; three of these were severely afllicted with scurvy, two being unable to walk and the third nearly so. The fourth was in good health and had the sole management of the vessel. After remaining at Waialea five or six days, an attempt was made to bring the vessel to Honolulu, where she was wrecked oif Barber's point, on the evening • since writing tlie above I have met Capt, Anton Barth, who rescued the survivorti fhini the Islund of Adakh, In 1871. Ho has resided In Atka for many years, and has married an Aleutian wife. He informs me that the old people of his wIfe'N family tell him that about twenty years ago a Japanese Junk waa vaitt away upon Atka, and only three of her crew f>aved. He hIho confirm.') the wreck on Attou, having been there and seen the Japunese, In 1868. They were eventually taken to the Amoor River, by a RuxHlan vessel, and thenco In u man-of-war, to Japan. He said he had heard of other wrecks on the Aleutian Islandi, but could give no particulars. He spoke of the similarity between the Japanese and Aleuto, both in personal appearance and in the sound of the language. 17 of January lat, 1833. Everything but the (srew was lost with the exception of a few trifling articles. Tlio men remained at Honolulu eighteen months, when they were forwarded to Kamtschatka, from whence they hoped, eventually, to work their way, by stealth, into their o'vu country, approaching by the way of the most northern islands of the Group." A condensed account of the same incident may bo found in Forbes's California, (quoted above), p. 300. Forbes adds that her burden was only eighty tons. In the "Old and New" magazine, of June, 1870, is an article entitled "Our Furthest Outpost," by C. VV. Brooks, Esq., Japanese Consul at San Francisco. Speaking of the cruise of the bark Gambia, in 1859, among the smal islands to the northeast of the Hawaiian Group, he says, "On these and many other islands and rocks visited w«re found wrecks of Japanese junks." Again, speaking of the Midway Islands, the subject of the article, he says, "On the East side are the remains of two Japiuiese junks, their lower masts stranded high up on the beach. The northeast shore is lined with drift-wood, amoiig which are many red- wood logs of formidable size, evidently from the coast of California." Midway Islands are in lat. 28° 15 N., Ion. 177° 22 W. Mr. C. W. Brooks has also informed me that Capt. Brooks of the Gambia, found remains of a junk on "Ocean Island," lat. 28° 24' N., Ion. 178= 21' W., very near Mid- way Islands. There are many Japanese wrecks strewn among the islands of the Pacific, but I allude to theae on Oahu, Ocean and Midway especially, because they are situated partially 3 1 i I ! i^ I I 18 in the return flow of tho great current, and, as is shown by the character of the drift-slnft" thrown on tlieir beaches, these Japanese wrecks had very likely once been near the American shores. I will here mention two dismasted vessels met nt sea, which were furnished me by tho kindness of Mr. Brooks, but I have been unul>lo to ascertain tho authorities from which he derived them. "In 1848, Capt. Cox, of New L(mdon, Conn., picked up ir» or 20 Jj' inese, from a disulded junk, in lat. 40^ N., Ion. 170° He kept them on board during a cruise in tho Okotsk -eu and finally landed them at Lahaina." "In 1855, Capt. llrooka, of Brig Leveret' picked up an abandoned junk in lat. 42» N., Ion. 170= \\ ." Both these are about in the longitude of Alaska, and sc.ith of tho Aleutian Islands." If I had lime an ' opportunity, I have no doubt I might greatly extend this list. These cases have been gathered in the conrsc of a few weeks, mainly by infpiiry among my personal friends and amidst the prosecution of an active business. The further I extended my enquiries the greater results I obtained, and I am convinced that a much larger number of cabt-awajs will eventually come to our knowl- edge, besides the many which have perished from exposi'rc, or died in captivity among the savages. Many wrecked junks have also been found on the islnads nearer to Japan, but as ihey are foreign to my purpose, I deem them only worthy of general mention, as increasing ho sum of probabilities. Perry found them on the Benin Islands. See Ilawkes's account of Perry's Exped., Vol. I., p. 199. Brooks mentions them among the islands between 19 the Hawniiiiii (iroiip nml .lapiiii. Many others have found such wrecks amoiig tlio ishrnds further west, nearer Japan. I have been told also that there is one near Petropauloski in Kamtschatka, and one on Kauai, the northcrnmoRt of the Hawaiian Islands, l)ut I am unahlu to find proper authority for them. The number of cast-away Jaoanese who have been picked up at sea, and brought into San Francisco and Honolidti, is also considerable, taken from a score or more of vessels, but I have been unable to obtain any correct data of their posit tions at the time of rescue, which alone would render them valuable for my purpose. Besides, many of them, [)erhftps all, were picked up very far to the westward of America. For example, during 1H71, two erews were brought into San Francisco. On Feb. 2, lat. 23' 45' N., Ion. 141° 31' East, the ship Annie M. Small took four men from a wreck; and on May 23, lat. 34' U' N., Ion. 143° 32 East, the steamship China rescued five men. In this connection it is worthy of mention that when the Japanese Government adopted the policy of non-inter- course, about 200 years ago, they not only forbade their vessels to trade with foreign ports, but they altered by law the construction of their junks, rendering them unfit for anything but coasting voyages. By pre8cril)ing an open stern and a huge rudder like our river steamboat rudders, they made their vessels very liable to a loss of the rudder, which must be speedily followed by cutting away the masts, and then the junk was helpless. A lo( k at the preceding list of disasters will show how often this took place. 01 course thus contiuing them near the shore would very much lessen the chances of tlieir falling into the course of the h i ' -0 Great Oceun Currents, which would sweep them away to Anicrka. Those laws have now been abrogated ; an ac- count of them may be found in Perry's Expeditioju. The evidences of any local influences resulting from a contact with the Asiatic nations are very slight, and all that has come under my knowledge in this search can be stated in few words. Of the Aleuts, Davidson says, in Alaska Coast Pilot, p. 52, "The Aleuts are very distinct in their looks, mannerij, language and customs, from all the other Indians of the northwest, and many of them bear a close resemblance to the less marked of the Japanese, so much so that the question at once arises whether this people has not been derived from cast-away or shipwrecked inhab- itants of Japan, carried thither by the Kamtschatka branch of the great Japanese stream ; but it is not our pro'iDce to investigate the problem in this place." An agent of the Alaska Commercial Company, who brought down the three Japanese from Atka ou the "Hutchinson," said they had no difficulty in making their wants known to the Aleuts, for they had many words in common. This gentleman had resided long at the north- west, and spoke the Aleutian language. Wilkes also noticed among some of the tribrs of Indians he visited on the Stiaits of Fuca, the presence of some simple acts resembling the Chinese, such as a stylo of weaving rush mats, the conical hats, &c,, and iio speaks of the presence of the "oliliquc" eye among the coast tribes only, and a variety of complexions in certain localities, as suggesting a kinship to the Asiatic nations. I may add, however, that in San Francisco, where house-servants, both of Chinese and Indian extraction, are common, it is often 21 them away to gated ; an ac- litiou. lilting I'roni a light, and all search can be dson says, in very distinct 8, from all the ■ them bear a Japanese, so ler this people irecked inhab- chatka branch ; our pro'iDce ompany. who Atka ou the I making their iiany wordd in f at the north - ibos of Indians senco ot some as a stylo of id iic speaks oi he coast tribes In localities, as I. I may add, !-8ervants, both ion, it is often very puzzling to detect their nationality, when dressed in Fuiopean style. I have often been deceived myself. But these questions, as well as that of a similarity in language, are out o" the range of my knowledge and foreign to my purpose. To sum up '."len the sure results obtained, we have in the ninety year?, irom 1781 to 1871, nine junks, either stranded on our shi res or drifted to their immediate neighborhood, and one at Oahu — and in every case where we have a record of the wreck a part of the crew saved alive, and this too at a period when the Japanese commercial regula- tions were most unfavorable to such voyages as brought their vessels within the influence of the Great Stream which could bear them to our shores. Recapitulating the list with approximate dates, we have, in V 1815, Junk boarded at Sea, lat. 32» 45 N., Ion. 166' 57' W. V 1813, " " about 49° • " 131°. v^l820, " stranded on Point Adams. ^'1833, '' " Cape Fliittery. -'1805, " " near Sitka •^ 1782, " " on an Aleutian Island. 1862, " " " Attou " 1871, " " " Adakh " . J 1832, " " " Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. Date unknown, wreck on San Benito Island. Date unknown, several wiecks of junks on Midway and Ocean Islands, and Group between there and Oahu. So much has come to our knowledge unquestionably, without counting the other cases which rest upon rumor. There is still remaining a possibility of more, whose crews have perished among the savages, or been absorbed. It is an interesting inquiry whether before the days of Japanese 'W ii m ' I : I ' 22 exclusiveness there may not, with fi'eer navigation and stronger vessels, have been many more. And as Japanese History is opened to our study, it will be a curioi\s question whether some crew may not have returned home with the tidings of a new world far across the Ocean. However this may be, these facts are very interesting to illustrate the possible course of migration, and any anomalies observed among the northwest coast Indians may possibly receive some light from the likelihood of an infusion of Japanese blood. ;■ igation and as Japanese )U8 question ne with the . However to illustrate ^ auomalies lay possibly infusion of I y 1 h fl u I ^' VS^ mK^m^mms^ — _-U,jy4iH«RWHS!^!?SS"