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Original copids in printad p•pa^eovara ara fllmad baginning with tha front covar and ahding on tha last paga with a prlntad or iljustratad impras-^ sion, or |ha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copioa ara f ilmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or iHustratad impras>' sion. and anding on tha laat paga with a )Kintad or illustratad imprassion. ^ las imagas suivantss ont4t* raproduitas avec la^- plus grpnd soin, c'ompta tanu da la condition at da la nattatA da raxamplaira-film*. at an • conf orinit4 avac las conditions du eontrat da filmaga. ^ Las axamplairas originaux dont la couvartura en papiai* ast imprimis sont filmis an comniancant par la pramiar plarat an tarminant soit pa/ la darniira paga qui comporta una am^rainta . d'imprassipn ou d'iHustration. solt par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axamplairas origiriaux sont filmils an commandant par la ' pramiira paga (t|ui comporta una amprainta ' d'impraasion qijd'illustration at an tarminant par la darniira paga qi« comporta una talla amprainta. ' ' , \ %/ Tha last racordad f rama on, aach microficha shall contain tha symbol —^ (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol y Vaaning "END"), whichavar applias. Maps, platas. charts.- ate. may ba f ilmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly included in ona axpoaura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar. laft to right and top to bottom, as many f ramas as raquirad. Tha'following diagrams illustrata tha mathod: ^ 1 2 #* n > Un das symbolas suivants appfrfftra sdr la dacnlAra imiaga da chaqua microficha. salon la cas: la symbols -^ signifis "A SUlVflE". la symbols ▼ signif is "FIN". Las cartas, planchas. tablaaux. ate. peuvant itre f ilmis 4 das t/ux da riduction diffirants. Lorsqua ta^ddcumant ast trap grand pour itra raproduit an un saul clichi. il'ast filmi i partir. da I'angki supiriaur gaucha, da gauche i droit*, at da haut an bas, an pranant la nombra d'imigas nicassaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mithoda. \ ■ » , 1 . 6 32 X -f^ /» im-.y.'' ^\^y I ' THX -..A ^,„._ SECOND BOOK .1 -..,_. .J\.\^»;-- * "''•■■■ — — ,r-.-^--^ Mram -Eiss^ifs. s ' -"t >: THE CHRIStUN BBQXIIE118. i ■ ». WSftuiMa voB yiB oBmnnAv aBoysaaf^ * .5^., y,- »T 1)£* J. BAJ5LIER* kO%,^' m^lfotra.I)taM MfM^ ■Ufa V K f * \ < ■>o "-•H \J y Vi ' m •a .rue de Wniveajte. .,s*i^'-< ;«L ■wP ' iJ ■^ '7' . R] \. 1, 1, wn \ •■ 'J m. \ D. & J. S oouai SECOND BOOK or READING THE CHRISTIA" ^ WiWi ^^M**^;- seleci nit all tb'.'V ar« ' <\iljef.tiv ]. jiared fie Kii|ipliei ' ri'inain The ^ tUiplica nriiiy be Geogra ' the plac TeacI 'wnso form th •hem pi this me; vhiKl. i sU-engtl Sir "p « K r A C E . \ Co t, of r^ar iStl, the UaiWd York tilK SecoriA Book of Le^auns being desif>;ncd fur the u?c of KiMse who have aliea«ly mastered ihe First, citrc h«8 l)eeii taa'ii/iu the arranfrement ol the matter to consult for the a%t ami proficiency of the learners. It will !« bhMerved, that all •he lessons are of an interesting and /instructive character: -; ill ise on Scripture History, though necessarily short, prt-sent a rKHuieited view of the leading events recorded in the Sacred V'»hi!ne, from the creation o{ the world down to the coming ol Oijr Divine Redeemer.' ' In teaching the introductory lesson on Grammar, page 77, h' is important that the children be impressed, at the outset, wilo a rorrcct noticfti of each part of speech. It is, therefore, re- .. . ..nmeiuled, after they have been told, .for example, that the *fiine of a jwrson, place, or thing, is called a noun, that they •.Iiotjld be asked to mention other words that belong to the same „(V*^mentioning the names of persons, first ; the aaihet ot |)tltrps,^\e\t; and lastly, the names of things. M portion of the time usually devoted to Reading may be usiifully employed in grammatical exercises. A sentence may : )..• selected from the lesson, and the ^^Iren reijuired to point ml all the noi*«s in it, they, at th««ie time, telling, wAf tb'.'v are nouns. NThey may then be^JRiicbupon. to'name the -vJiective's ; after thkt, wrla, &c. The children are thus pre ' pared for the use of ii Text-book, or, perha]>s, the place of k supplied to those wh«s^circumstances may not allow them to ri'inain long at school. The exercise on Ivad, [wige 80, on words, page 85, and dii elliptical lesson, page 155, we given to show,how such lessons miiy be carried out; and it Njs intended, that the, lessons o» Geography should be illustrated with a globe or map, and all the places mentioned in the text, pointed out to the children. Teachers are recommended to .provide themselves with speci' ♦n^n* of the objects, and pnnf* of the animais, &c., whi^ form the subjects of the lessons, and to have one or morc/b •hem presented to the class during the Beading exerise. iK ihisrneans the senses, as vrell a» the ur«derstandinfr of eack, child, are brought to 'bear upon his subject, and p-U-'khml slrengtU is consequently given to his peroepii'Mi* CONTENT?. I Qm ikn rrawne* ^ God, ■ to«l. • / , T»te (iarden, Hojipdly Hew anted, ToMaiitl Su^nr— Kruitj, H'liuU nnd Kivm, '. Thu^^'rurrant and OoontMrrr, The Tl.oughtleii Boy. The t)rchartl, Bird*, . . The Nerring, . L«n-e of Ood, • , ' The Oak, - ■ v The Seasoni, Lore of Purents, The Rcdl)ieaat;> Bnttcr and CheeM, 8«ed« of I'lanta, The Rclio, ^. On Cleanlineia, Air, Wind, and Dvn Cotton, . , . . , Citif and Canal^,' Peat or Turf. -^ . .* • . The Pepper-riant, • -. - StJohnofOod, The Bee,- - . ,, . • Thp Cypreii. . .° . Foga andrCloadi^ . The Thrnah, .• The Olow-wovn, « tote of Prayer, , ... (Amnmu, . V «4M. •I n M, B7 SO • M 96 00 IOC 4» M 64 M 58 60 64 «§ 61^ 70 7a 76 77 AnObiect,-leal, The Blackbird, Kxerciie on W'ordi. On Iteadinir, , AVool. . . nain. l»now. and Hail, " ,. 81. Vincent of Paul. . ' The Orange and Len / ]«« im - To the Moon-Mother, #hat il Death ~ 109 iTt Thy WiUbeLon. 1 \", 1. inh. V nam, m n M, 17 . n Uail. ' . M ml. • ^ ' M Lenrtbn, . |0C iiig alwayi Sat- in • 103 mard, -. io« , ,110,113 lie ner Seven ^nt 118 1-23 and Wales, . ija ■^ V >!« 130, 133, 139, 139 ■ .143 Dd «nd Giqai. ' - • ''"■*'" lai • , 143 [•^Uipticl). . iM I5« 100, 163, |6«, 171 four Lord, 174 J at tlie com-' Miah, l)S ed Uif torjr, .' m • 1 of Ere— r- 108.1% *atch, 121, isa ofCharitjriai, 141 Idlei^ / 150,151 ^ •*/ IA«,IW Iher.Uhat ■ l«. m \- • SECOND BOOR or READIIG" LESSONS SECTION I. LESSOR 1.— OK THE PRESENCE OF GOD- A'amei.- Btore , .^ heart' < ischool trees Val'-lejB eye i-de'-a pres'-ence be-gin'-;ning prac'-tice teach '-era Qualihet. short* whole 3SM^ Olio oth'-er . ho'-ly mod'-est e-ter'-nal faith'.ful heav'-cn-ly prin'-ci-pal de-light'-ful ■'t*- ^etioru form heard , should for-get' said ■ ' ■ ,#, think per'-ish a-dorh'-ed pur'-chase - re-mem'-ber en-joy' reg'-u-late king'-dom j We can form no idea of the)delights which God-- jhaa-in store fo^ those who love him. Jho eye hai [not seen it, nor the ear heard it, nor can the heart ]f/man conceive it. ^ Think with what leauty God has adorned tbt # ■%■! "JW ■Ji. 6 [ It; irhcl^, creation. -^Look at the sun, the moon, the __8tars; At the trees, thp plants, tfie flowers'; at tlu- hills, the mountains,^ the vallejs. If God givfK Buch Ofeautj to these things, which are mv, /, perish, what must be the glory of that pla.ro, where He and his saints will 7«w /or ever! . ^ We should never forget God, nor his heavenl.y kingdom. Every object around us reminds us of him. If a child would only accustom himself to say some little prayers from time to time durino the day, he would soon acquire the habit of think" • ing'of God. ' These. prayers may be very short, such as, " my God, I love you ; » " My whole d&ire is to please you ; » " I will do this action for yt»ur honour and glory." One of them may be said at the beginning of each principal action, as, at going to school, returning home, sitting down to ta,ble, writing a copy, commencing a l^son, com- mitting tasks, or at "a-ny other time Jp may feel disposed. ^s? ^^ ^ If a child be faithful in this holy^pnwjtice foi fame time, he will feel how delightful it is to en- joy God's presence. His parents and teachers need not then exhort him I AVm flam cart mea min< I shaf \ gas j fu'-€ ; sub'. en'-f ^ ma-( ' coP- : Kin Coal flame. is a bl argil, Ijlayey, isum lat it lame. |and bu ito piec than tj to b o modoBt and woll- I burns .«>ehaved. The I'emembrance of God's pr(«.Mu» J places ■rill »/t t:_ _v_i » * ."If mines ; '"N regula^ his whole Gonduet. , the ntooDf the flowers ; at t!u rf God give*- ch are so^vl fc of that p)aiic« J places, from which coal is taken urc called coai mines; and the entrance to then if. raOdtJy by a .■y^ I Ill narrow tunnel, called a shaft, thro\igli which men and coals are brought up by means of 'a machine. These mmes ahound in many jj^rts of England. Ihere^are coal mines also in Ireland. Both the persons who work in the mines, and the ships which carry the coals, are called cofc^. The place wherethe coal trade is carried on is called a coU^ery. The mines are very deep, and often extend under the bed of the sea. Coal is used to warm our rooms, to cook our food, to supply fuel for steam engines, and for the working of metals. Gas. IS produced from coal ; the substance that remains after the gas is extracted, is called coke, r;oke makes a very hot fire, yet produces no smpke Jfamta. leaf shape fruit tints paint'-er flow'-er seg'-ments ex-ist'-enco nu'-tri-ment grat^-i-tude LESSON III.— THE GARDEN. Qualitira. large six u'-su-al much good pret'-ty lit'-tle round'-ish beau'-ti-ful ex^-qui-site Actions. mean use re-mind' ought would act'-ing pro-duce' cn-a'-ble pluck a- wa^-koB ^ Let lis 50 into the^arden. Here is a pretty _"^'''- ^^\ ^y 1^ a lai^e leaf j timt leaf \m rH -^?' igli whicli men I of a machine. 3 of England, nd. Both the md the shipa colliers. The d on is called ep, and often Coal is used to supply fuel ^g of metals, ubstance that is called coke. ces no smpke. letiona. lean je !-mind' ight ould it'-ing o-duce' -a'-ble iick i va^kcn 9 ^ the shape of a bell, but it is cfut by Nature into six segments or parts, ' When I say Natui 3, I mean God, who lias, made all things which we see. There is no such person or being aa Nature. When I use the word Nature, in the way that I ^ have done, you must understand thai I /mean God— i acting according t» the usual laws Which he has appointed. , / See how the large fruit rises in k^ middk of this leaf: look into the little cells /of this frui*; tliey are full of seeds; the seeds ire roundish;' they would produce other flowers f if they werj thrown into the ground. It is a Wtty flower; God has made the earth to luring itlforth; all th^ I men In existence could not prodLce one Uttle flower. Look at its beautifi^l tinti No painter could give it ^uch exquisite toucheii,^ or such de- lightful colouring. How good God IB to cloth* the flowers with so much beauty! enable the earth to give nutrunent we should have no such flowers. often do we pluck them, and look at jthem/withOT't thmking of Him who gives them t^ us ! Eveiy plant, every flower, every object around u«, nn^hf If he did not to the seeds, And yet how w remma us of his goodness, and! awaj^ gratitude to him. w a pretty uit lei^ has • 1 M- 7 10 n <.f^ , HONESTY BEWARE KD. ft (lualitie*. Aetion$- r .-• good Stood 7 tri'-fling saw , ■■■ .i some be-long8 '\ full shall wrong be-gin' small fin'-ish • \ . great ti'-ed right reign „^*''' % fine ^ ' in-quire fi'-nal cu'-ri-o«3 re-8ist-ed '■I thought'-ful lis'-ten-ing gen'-e-rous r^-serve' blush'-ing pass'-ed '0 vir'-tu-ous be-camo'- ■l plums tlieft thief 'pris'-on share re-ward' mat'-ter world own'-er Hen'-ry Ed'-ward of-fcnce' temp-t]v'-tion up'-right-ness com-par'-i-son As Edward and Henry were one day taking a walk, they passed -a garden, the gate of which stood open. They were so curious as to look in, and saw some plum-trees, loaded with fruit. **See, Henry," said Edward, " what nice plums! There is no one in the garden ; let us take some 0f tliem.'' "No," said Henry; " that wpul^ not bo right» for the garden is not ours." "What matter ! " cried Edward ; " the garden is so fuU «f plums, the ow^er will not miss them." ,.\ r\ 11 <.tx AREKD. . X ■ letioTu'- Stood saw be-longs shall be-gin' fin'-ish • ^ ti'-ed reign „^*''" in -quire re-sist'-ed lis'-ten-ing r^-serve' ^ pass'-qd l)e-camo'- » day takbg a ;ate of which as to look in« I with fruit, t nice plums! us take some ^hat wpul^ not wrong to ng. do sp," said secretly what Shall when he r houscj rison? ircd Ed^ 6gin with t oncau^ Be- I "Still-it would be I Henry; "foritis^^tg belongs to another, b ^' I tell you what mji I was telling us of a i with his hands tit "Well, what did y ward. " He said, small offences, often Ji, ^ sides, Edward, if the owner does not see us, yoo know Gorf always sees us." I Edwftrd became thoughtful. He had been strongly tempted to do wrong; but when he • thought of God, who sees all things, he easily r©. ^ sisted the temptation. "You are right, Henry," '^ said he ; " let us go on." I The owner of the garden had been listening I all the time, though unseen by the boys. Ho I came forward, praised Henry's uprightness, and filled his pockets with fniit.^ Henry was good and generous, and gave a share to his bluslang companion. ^ ^^_ _ : „ . „ _^, __^h^ 1 "-7"' ' \ • "5^" What a fine thing it is for a boy to be good and upright ! Even in this world, God sends him rewKdr len is so fuUl hem." 1 V • .J 1 ^ 1 But lus final reward he reserves fw" heaven, wher« the gOod and virtuous will reigo. with him and liis saints for ever. ■^^■ 12 LESS03I v.— TEA AND SrOAB. 111: il,! JVamet, bri'-er " , trough juice su'-gar . canes 'gro'-cer boil'-er coun'-try Chi'-na Ja-pan' liMac aa'-pect Qualitiat round .white oll'.y '.bright gold'-en Actions. \- con-taini^ dif-fer pre-sents ap-pcreoi;o( iThc ji iquick )mes [person im&Fcha lit into {email q !l BAR., * [ con-tainii' dif-fer -• pre-sents ap-pG«r' im-ports' con-verts re-tails' brought spreads in-fuse' 3weet'-en 3oils )ut every ono r from what if of a plant Japan. T^e ee, or at the It bears a es are long, •f the sweet- The root d tho stem The wood is 13 v-- ; :■ ..V..-'-^-:-- |n a Btony soil, or at the foot of mountains and j-ocks whiel^ have a soutliern ai^pect. jGreen and j^lack teas are the prot^i m many places, it is for several miles toi- entire as when first made., v >? • A river is a current or stream of fresh water. flowing, in a bed or channel, from its sVce int( the sia. .Rivers proceed from th^e uhion of brOok. or from lakes: tliese are formed Ibj springs wind issue. from the sides of mountaink. So^ne riven are swollen^ rains or melted siiow, as tlic Mk the Gan^iSfand the Indus, • ' In the country of Peru and Chili there are small rivers that flow in the day only; because they are only fed by the snow of the ,^ndes, which 18 then melted by the heat of the sun. ., Exercise, About what have you bee^ ♦What is a ||w|d ? Name the mSt noble of thr] How long has it lasted 1. What is a jriverl -^ Whence^do rivers proceed T . ^ere is the Nile l-the Ganges ?^the Indus ? Whyjo some rivers flow in the day only? . Wypurt the Andtfs'f-and where are Peru aiidj CJhili? i Aain »ads1 ^an eit^ juicy lich s( liey ans a-halfw Thou, ndred miles togc of- fresh water. i its source in^ uhion of br6ok! 7 springs whicl So^nc riven ow, as thoJVik, Chili there are r onlj, because of the j^nda, of the sun. 19 .*— THE CUftRANI QuaUtiea.' Jtetion*. tiol'-ly ^fbu»h I pud '-(lings I leaves'- |lat'-tice ,r cilr'-rant or'-na-mcnt I ap-pear'-ance ^win'-dow I cor-louc J PM'P •adsl —the Indus? ly only? nice lar'-ger thin'-n6st sin'-gle rich bet'-ter taste'-less prin'-ci^paf^ in'-ter-est-ing thick del'-i-cate a-bund'-ant a-gree'-a»-ble ne-glcct'-ed ' I poii'-ny-weights a^'-id I You have been in the garden and have seoB le ctirrarU bushes. We shall have three kinds f'^ite currant is the most delicate in flavour^ id makes very nice wme. The red currant is iiefly used in the maklng^^of jeUies and pastry. Se black currants, you miy observe, are larger ^an either, the red or the white, but they are not juicy, and the crop upon a single bush is less bundant: J ^hey ha ve 'a d iffenint flavour too. '> an'-swer think tve sho^ makes use^ forms grow'-ing con-tain' shall ob-serveV train'«ed a-dapt'-ed weigh'-ed at-taim'-ed ore Peru and Jnch some persons do not think agreeable; but ^ tT ' . •i „ y « ■• .>■ V ' p ' \ ' ■**^ JV ' - ■ • ■ , 9 , ' •^ ■ - ■ • ^^ "■ b %v ^» '' • ^ \ mi' h* If >') I iS ■ I 1 lllllli f ' I ! 1 1 i B Ighci I N( In M: Ar he made into a very pleasant jelly. The currai *jush foms the princii)al' ornament of Engl cottages. It^^is trained against the walls, and h -rich dark leaves and brilliant fruit, growing ove the latticed window, give them a .^ry mterestii, appearance. What a pretty thing-^ it would be currant bushes were thus trained to the walls < al^ otir little cottages ! The gooseberry is a fruit much better adapt* to cold than to warm climates. In the south ( Europe it is small, tasteless, and neglected. 1 England it grows to a large size ; but the goost berry of Scotland is said to be of better flavou: In Ireland it is pretty large and well flavours I . Gooseberries are of various colours ; white, y,^ low, green, md red ; and. of each colour ther/l ^ are many sorts. Yeflow gooseberries have, i ' ^w general, ^ better flavour than the white, and th white a better flavour than the green; but tb green gooseberries are the largest. Large goose beities, but chiefly large green ones, have a thic! husk, and contain less pulp than those of -, •mailer size. In general, those that have tb thinnest husk, have also the finest flavor. Re. goo ccbo rric s me va riuus in fla vour, but are comi monly more dbid than the others ; but some ol M 8?^ller ones are very ^wdet. A. goosebenjj Mo Shs I I S( Hai But Bid I lly. The curran Hiient of Engli the walls, and i; uit, gi owing ove a- y^r;^ mt(erestiii ng-it would be d to the walls ( 3h better adapt* In the south ( id neglected. I s; but the goost of better flavoui id well fla;voure(; ►urs; ivhite, yf.i ach colour ther/ iberries have, i B white, and th green; but tb fc. Large goose les, have a thici han those of that have tb est flavor. Ret 21 ighcd some tim^ ^ince, shown m England, which thlrtjUne penny- weights, and sixteen i#s«^>«^« ■■I t I I r, but are com s ; but some 04 A. goosebw LESSOX X. — SOWING SEED. Now, my seed, thy grave is made, In the silent-chamber laid, Thou may'st slumbef lightly ; May the sun its radiance lend. And the dews of heaven descend, - On thy pillow nightly. So sleep on, my seedling dear. Sweetly sleep, nor dream of fe^r, Soon from darkness waking; Morning's sunlight, bright as gold, Shall thy blossoms all unfold. In the spring-time breaking. I some day, shall sink like thee, Hands of love shall bury me. He a ping cold ftnrth ^ - « or mo; = But when God from yonder skien, Bids the slumbering dust ai:ise,_^,^ I shall wake to glory. 15 •9, '•♦■•J [■'ir~" ^l 1 ii, ill ; ii:!: ' ! I ' I ! '1 ' '|tr 'I i 22 LfiSSON Xl.-^tHE THOUGHTLfiBS fiOT. )ke K'ttmea. briflge clothes death fnth'-er fu'-ture warn'-ing riv'-er cow'-ards re-cov-'e-ry ad-vice' QmaliHe$. cold strong pale great good fro'-zen read'y sev'-e-ral . well '-meant thought'-less Actions. trcm'-ble join ut'-tey.^' brok'0^*i^../"'f pause?' \^ re-mem'-ber « dis-re-gard'*!^^ ^ con-fine' hi was ven'-ture ei^l J plunge y^^^ n( tink |o h olild ^Frank was returning from school on a y^mffl ail cold day in winter. As he was passing with i other boys over a bridge, he saw that the ri' was frozen. "Come, boys," said he, "let have a slide ! " They were all ready to join t '^Aam and ran at once towards the river. On their ti jlpcar they met an old man, who said to them, " Bo^ are you running to the ice? It is not st enough to bear you up; you will certainly down into the water." This made the boys pa and fear to venture on the ice. Frank alone ( regarded the well-meant wamjng. He stcpj gpon the ice« and cried out io the othe r bo U1C( quar gro^\ ci'-d coun moni Sep- scum " Shame, you cowards ! what is there to be aMli'.qi of?" \ " l^v'- Frank had not ^ne many steps before theM the (, ' 23 SHTLfiBS HOT. Actions. trcm'-ble join ut'-ter, brokt'v'^ »ke under his feet, and lie was plunged up to neck in water. All the boys ran off, and Flank must have perished, if the good old man, had stopped near the place, had not run to W^ spot and saved him. Frank trembled from V j^ ,:^'^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ P''^le as death, and, at first, re^em'-ber'^^'^ ^*^' ^"^' * ^®'^- Though his wet clothes > dis-re-gard'lf^*^ '^^^'"^ ®^» ^^^ S^'^at care was taken of him, > con-fine' hi was. very ill, and confined td his bed for sev. ven'-ture e^ll days. " Remember, in future, Frank," said I p unge h|i father after his recovery, "that t/iosc who d» school on a y^ti0 attend to good advice, vnU suffer for it. '^ s passlns with i | saw that the ri' f ' said he, "let I lesson xii.— the orchard. 1 ready to join h -'§J\/amea. vex. On their ti | 1 to them, " Bol It is not strb will certainly %de the boys pai ""Frank alone ( ijng. He stcpp to the other ho^ there to be afr^ teps before the icars luice Iquan'-ti-ticB [growth „ . ci'-der coun'-ties month Sep-tem'-ber scum li'-quor Qualitiea. sharp full sec'-ond flat large a-gree'-a-ble same pun'-gent in-sip'-id I'-i-lar Actions. throws re-gard' work re-ceive' ob-taiti'-cd pre- vent' ' cleanse 8train'-ed fer-ment' i ex-eiu'-ded im-meuse' bev'-e-rage great the month of September the orchard is ex-pose' treat'-ed' T ■"5^-"- . 24 • ■ ■-■■ . full bearing. The apples are soon gathered an the cider-press is set to work. The apples ai first put into a hair sack, and placed in a pre over a tub, ^\Jlich is to receive the juice. Ti sack is then pressed closely between the boards ( the press; the apples are thus broken,' and tl juice flows out and falls intq the tub. The jui; I| is then strained, to cleanse it from the parts ( the pulp of the apple, which may have fallen in jthe tub. The liquor is then placed in other yir sels to Cprment whep it throws off a scum ai fl bee'omes cleaner. The flavour of the liquor is then sharp ai pungemt, but becomes more so after "being ft mented a second time. It is then put into larji casks, and tlie air excluded from it, to preycjj it from becoming flat and insipid. ,It is a!^ put into bottles and closely* corked, and wli slightly fermented, is regarded as a Very agreeal beverage. The juice of the pears is obtained a similar manner, and treated in nearly the sai way. ■ ------ -..._...:•. • -. .^. The jinco of pear§ is called jaerrj^. That ■pples 1^5 called cider. Some of the countii ID the ^oiiih ol England are famed for their mense grovvlh of apples and their great quantiti^ of cider. J. ,-* soon gathered %i The apples ai placed in a pre the juice. Ti ycen the boards ( i broken,' and tl B tub. The juJ! from the parts ( ,j have fallen in [aced in other w* i off a scum ai Ki I LSSSdy XIII. — BIBDS. ^eep ir'-pose en'-e-fitsi |orn;.ing re-a'-tor ilrk'-nfiss )'-ment -count' "'-tions (iualitie* strict same read'-y high first like next all n^w wick'-ed r^'-tion-al grate'-ful mor'-tal firm i . Aetiona ob-serve' sup-pprt' .Q'-pen , re-sign chafit of.feri4' propu'-ise praise would dis-cov'-er de-scend'-ed re-tife' com-mit'-ted '1)ro-tect' low charmingly that bird sings f— He is rery I & the air; he appears to rest in the same but keeps fluttering his wings to- support Jlf m the air; he is over his nest, which is 3where near us, but he will not descend into hilst he observes us watching him ; he is afraid, f we should discover it, and rob it. Hrds, by their song, chant, forth the praises^iif^ men. :^l--v ned for theu* i r great quantiti( more for us than he has done for the birds : lid not^ve the birds rational souls; he did N '* 2S hfliilll , not promise to place the birds in heaven. G; has done more, much more for -us; let us then least be as grateful to him as the birds are; us not Offend him, but let lis praj to him, i ;hank him for his benefits. Where is the bird now? Whilst we tun round, he descended into his nest ; but he will r, early to-morrow to sing again i so should we ; j when we rise, our first duty is to praise that G who has given us, as it were, a new life, when have risen fronk,sleiep ; for sleep is jiist like dea The birds have retired to rest. It is almost ti that we should do so too. We jnust never go to rest without thinking the sins we have committed durmg the day, 4 beg^g God's pardon for them, with a firm p| pose of ne /er again committing them. We sk then resign ourselves into God's hands, and, that ho may protect us durina the darkness of night. Would you like to di^ without confessj your sins, imploring GodV pardon, and c( mending your soul into his hands! I am st^ you would not. When you close your eyes night, you know liot whether you shall open the mn moming. Be always"readylo^^i^ you know not the moment God will call you Btrictacooontfor 1^11 your actions. ° - /■ I in heaven. G ^us ; let us then the birds are; prajr to him, i Whilst we tun it; but he will r so should we ; 9 » praise that G , new life, when is just like dea It is almost ti sr LKM^V XIT.— THE HERRING. 9i^amea. een sdge ►ar'-rels isb'-er-men itom'-ach . loats lad ' ti-cle ler'-ring - I'-trails oals la'-vour (luaHtiea. iiorth'-ern im-mense' cheap arc'-tic vast np'-per an-ot^-er' Aetioru. ajj-pear* mi'-grate caught. X J swim throw "haul salts sup-port' un-der-stand' pre-vent'-ed de-rive' ex-press'-es great high'-est cer'-tain ex'-cel-lent pier9'-ing here are many sorts of fish which swim ia It troops together, called shoals, and are id only at <5ertain times of the year. Her- ~ swim m this way. In the summer montha •appear m immense numbers, and being ly caught^ and filling whole boats, are sold cheap, and become an excellent article of lernngs are caught in large nets, placed so Ito form a screen, through which they cannot k' By spreading the net, and supporting thft per edge oflt with floats of rork, and smking i lower edge with lumps of lead, you may ^rstand they woul(f be prevented from passing I ■ ' I, J- If "i'i III '! !fi! \'W I •llli' tRI I M ■ ■.-:■ '""■ ■■28-' — -■■:'" ■",■'■■■ on. The n6* is always lail for them in the nigl^ for that time is found tie best. The fishennf throw into their boats the herrings which thf find, when they haul the nets; and soon aft /*3 they begm the work of saUing, One person cu open the $ak, and takes out the entrails or stoi ach; another salts them; and another packs the into barrels mixed with salt^ Those which are pickled for red herrings, a pl^jced in salt and water, or brine : they are tli. strung in rows together over a wood fire, whi( is made to smoke- n\uch and blaze little. The is scarcely anything more piercmg than tl wood smoke, and it gives a flavour ^hich I never lost. When they have been well smokf« and dried, they^ like the others, are put birrels. - The name herring js derived from the Gei word Acer, an army, which expresses their nu| ber, when they migrate into our seas. Herrb^ aro found in great plenty from the highest nort. era latitudes, as/ low/ as the northern ooast | France. They ix^also met with in vast shoa on the coast of/ America; but in the wint Be a s on theyre^ within the ai'ctic circle, wl they are prdtTcIed with plenty of insect food. r them in the nigl* t. . The fisheniif rrmgs which thf i; and soon aft/ *s V One person cu e entrails or stoi mother packs the red herringSf a ae: they are tlr * wood fire, whi( laze little. The iercing than tl flavour which *^ been well smokp LESSON XV.- — ^LOVE OP GOD. -age irorld ^raj'-er deans )w'-er -apect' ^*4ect Dmfinis'-sion ibe'-dience reir*ihg -vours 3Vter-ence ramea Qualities. Aettom. hav'-en ' per'-fect re-deem' sure sup-plies^ hap'-py pre-fer' faith'.ful : fails short de-tests' flpe9?-i-al weak'-en Nar'-dent servo fer'-vent at-tain' eajr'-li-est in-duce' e-ter'-nal pre-pare' raor'-tal de-serve' ve'-ni-al\ dis-o-bey' choi^'-est be-^w'-ed Ihildren should love God from their earliest s. God has placed them in iliis world for do r end; and to induce them to loVe him, he BS them every day new marks of his mercy goodness. He has created them to hi*^ own ^ge and likeness; he haa sent his only Son Ip |eem them; he hto prepared heaven for their Sal dwelling, and he supplies. -fhem with all gleans by which they can attain it. , {■ > ^od deserves our most ardent love, because h« [goo^l and perfect in himself; he deserves it on account of his' goodness to us. We Nd prefer him. before all things, and be ready ■y..- '0Mi&''. m. ^hin£ 80 r this world rather tin dCsobey "what he coinmands. - .0 Love God from yotir earliest ye^. It will tiic sure means qC making you .^appy in tl irorld and in the next. God neiiieraltils to be%>t( great graces and blessings on the %mld who real loves him. Would you wish to knpw whetli you really love God 1 I will teach yon. T marks' of his love are easily seen. ■ A .child that loves.|^d will have a horror mortal sin, because IrefJknows well that G detests" it. He wifl have a dread of venial sir because he knows they weaken God^s love, lead to the commission of mortal ones. H endeavour, by his love of prayer," his ob to his parents, and his faithful dischargi duty, *to draw down upon himself God'^ choice jpraces. / A child that loves God will desire that God m* be loved by the whole world, and will do ii|^ his power to make others love and serve hii H^ wi^l love to speak of him with respect rev^nce. He will frequently in the day \^ his blessing by some short but fervent prayt He w ill thus become the object of G od^a spec care, and will be tiie joy and the delight of ifiniiid; hiJEa* world rather tin ye^. It will SU^liappy in tl 3v*er*fails to Des,t( bie tiluld who real to knpw whetl I teach you. T ^» ■ . , ■ 1 have a horror ^8 well that G )ad of venial sii, 1 God^s love, tal ones. He/\r yer," his ohedien 1 discharge: of l| lelf God'^ choice ^sire that God mil > and will do tl ve and serve hii with respect ai| f in the day M it fervent pray« I of G od^ a fl pc cii the delight of »l ,*■■■;.-■'.• LESSON XVI.-4THE BIRD. The bird let loose |in eastern skies^ When liasteningi fondly home, Ne'er stoops to earth h^r wing, nor flicB Where idle war]|>lers ^oam. But high-she shoots, thr^gh ajr and lights /Above all low delay, \Vhere niotliing earthly oounds her flight, Norfshadows dim her ^ay. So grant me. Lord, f)rom every car^ And stain of passion free, Aloft, through Virtue's purer air, To hold my-course to thee ! No sin to cloud — ^no lure to stay ~^ My soul, as home she springs $■— Thy sunshine on her joyful way, Thy freedom in her wings. s t [ — t - THE PHENIX. My wings are bright with the rambow's dyei| My birth is amid perfume ; My death-song is music's sweetest sighs, And th' Sun hmoiself lights my t(aab. . -• , ^H;- J') ^^^ I i' I : 'I'll I' I H' Pi tj' w. A'ttmM Strength size Eng'-land girfli flics .for '-est in'-sects LESSON XVII.^— THE OAK. Aetiom* Jiualitie$.. high much ' bet'-ter lar'-ger na'-ked safe long prop'-er du'-ra-ble sev'-e-ral use'-ful cu'-ri-ous oth'-er im-mense' six'-tj keow bears were dc-fies' do-f/ ex-tract' breaks con-tin'-ue mea'-sure serve re-sem'-ble Wf ii groWs nikrn^ use n^hi call'-ed -^.. be-comes'^ ^^ cen'-ttt-ries cav'-i-tj a' -corns ■ 3ub'-stance eaFtli . ship'-build-ing p^r'-poso , The oak, when cut at a prbper age, that ; fro«j fifty to seventy years, is the best timber tl is known/ It is very durable in- air, 'earth, water. No insects, it is said, will eat mto heart of' the oak, as they do, sooner or later, i m(^ other kinds cf timber. It is very useful « eliip-buildmg, and hds been used for that purpo^ during many centuries. It is also used for a purposes where great strength is required. T age to which the 'oak can continue toi^grow is w [ actly kno w n, v Some t hink it grows to tB g^ tlireo or four hundrect years. Several oak-tret J ^ Ji: r ■\ . 88 J: E OAK. hite grown to an immense size, and "taVe atooir di^ several centuries. ^ We are told of one in E%Iand which measured sixty-cight feet 'in tho ^hj^and in which a cavity, sixteen feot long and hi«pty» feet high, was made, which served as an U^-house. fTiis tree bears a fruit called moms^ whitjh W^ much resenible nuts. They were long ago. .fcfc said, used as bread; but it is likely thosi W» a larger and'better kind ' than what we have re-sem'-ble Wt in these countries. Tho gall-nuts used. in grows wiing ink are got from the oak. The manner caU'-ed ^f^^^^^ *^®y *^ produced is very curious. A be-comes" "•^^ ^^^^ is made in ihp, limf nf *hn. r.^^, x know bears were de-fies' de-f/ ex-tract' breaks con-tin'-ue mea'-sure serve rbper age, that ^ le best timber tl] in- air, 'earth, ) will eat into K)ner or later, ir t is very useful d for that purj also used for al is required. Tli lue to i^grow is wl grows to thea^? Several oak-tret .11 hole is made in the leaf of the oak by a 11 fly, in which it lays an egg. ^ Round thir a little baU grows, which is called the oak r: the egg in the ball becomes a worm, and a fly, like that which laid the egg. This fly ^ks a hole through the ball, and flies away, substance left behind is what we pall galU I, from which we extract a black dye, which » r Ui^ful in making ink. ("he oak has long been known as S^lfc^^ ^ '^orcs^, which • Safe in Jiia strength, and seated on Jie rock, ^ la naked majesty defies the shock. ". ^^ . * - • 1 -^ I. ' i i ■ - -* •, i3> «• > ' ♦ ' - '.:. _,_ r, 4i &' ,..' *- • ^) „ ■ - 84 " :;ti I'iiiM.- I!: •■ 'il •t-.- Ji: XESSON XVIII.— THE SEASONS.^ Vames itoims "^ tcjthea fiic'-kles - . weath'-er fields au'-tumn'^ ship'-wreck shep'-lujrd 4e-grees' . farm'-er blos'-soms as'-pect thun'-der light'-ning . There are four B immer, autumn, Qualities. glgom'-y in-tensie' cheer'-fttl heav'-y green Whit'-ish ' rich'-est stead'-y chief sul'-try pleas'-ant chil'-ly dread'-ful Action*. with'«cr shoots ploughs sows build* hatch re-new' be-gin a-bound as-sumes' cov'-er-ed at-tain' ri'-pen eat'-en se-vere' seasons in the year; spnnji and winter. - In spring, th lurmer ploughs and sows his fields; the' birdl \aild their nests, lay eggs, and hatch them; thet liW been silent in winter, but now they renew the' dieerful songs ; the fruit-trees are in blossom ; ani all nature assumes' a gay aspect. ^' > In summer J -the weather gets Iferjr hot •ultry , the days are long, and for a week or tficro is scarcely any darkness. There are usualljj tfmnder and lightning and heavy showers; tiij trees are all covered with leaves, and while sont kinds of fruit begin to ripen, othior kinds are S5 £ASON8»4 Aetiotu. with'«cr shoots ploughs ' sows build* hatch re-neV be-gin a-bound as-sumes' cov'-er-ed at-tain' ri'-pen , eat'-en lie year; sprinj In spring, t\ fields; the' bird latch them ; the T they renew the' 9 in blossom ; an ■.».■*■■- ts Iferjr Ibot >r a week or There are usuall ■ t vy showers; tlj I, and while soinf ;ber kinds are be eaten. Flowers abound in lihe gitfd^s iad Ids; the com that was sown in spring, grows >en and strong, shoots into th^ air, and appears turn whitish. Plants attain their full growth « I the country assumes its richest garb. |In autumn^ all the crops become ripe, and ar« down with scytfus and sickles. The applei taken down from the trees, as fully ready for ; pulled. The. floors fade by diegrees, and, after day, there are fewer of them in the open ^; the leaves wither and fall off. The days aro •-^-►mmg short; and though the weather is, for most part, dry and steady, the air becomes lly at night. It is neither so safe nor bo pleas- as it was in summer to walk at a late hour. winter, the chief comforts of life ve to be id within doors, ^t this season there is in- le dold, with hoar frost, ice, snow, and sleet, le days are short, and the nights are not only ig, but dark and gloomy, except when the moon lies. Sometimes there are dreadful storms, in ich there are many shipwrecks at sea, aud in [ich many shepherds and other people perish co ) land. '_ . In all the seasons, we behold the effects of i^s providence. We behold him in the beauty ' deUghts of spring-time. We behold him io .iifafef ii ;r the light and heat, the richness and glory of t^; summer months. We behold him in the stores^ (bod, which he provides for us in autumn, that* may have enough to support us in the cold •cvere season that succeeds. And we behold If in the tempest of winter, when all nature prostrate before him. In all these, we behold most striking, proofs of the power, and wisd( and goodness of Him, who is the Lord of " seasons. LESSON XIX. — LOVE OF PARENTS.^* JVatnes. wel'-fare sick'-ness du'-ty sor'-row pow'-er world sac'-ra-ments chil'-dren pa'-rents auth'-ors ' pun'-ish-ment iriend'^ship Qualities. ed'-i-fy-ing law'-ful sleep'-less firm en-tire' hap'-py ever-last'-ing dis-pleas'-ing anx'-i-ous for-get'-ful ex-pres'-sive in'-fin-it(? AetiotiB. re-ward' dis-please' threat'-ens re-spect' o-beys as-sert' ne-glect' re-mem'- pro-vid'-ed pro-cure' re-scrv'-ed sug-gest' Qiildi ' ct i, you ohould love your parents, Mver do anything to displease them. Remei tiuit ihey are, under Gi)d, the authors of ss and glory of t him in the stores' 9 in autumn, that^ us in the cold And we behold if hen all nature these, "we behold power, and wisd( is the Lord of IF PARENTS.^ Aetion$. -ward' ig, and that they took care of you, and pro- id foi you, when you could do nothing for •self. Think oflOT'^iie anxious cares of your r, and the sleepless nights of your mother* you ever be forgetful of all they have done ou? lie child that loves God, will also love his its. €rod threatens with severe punishment who neglect this duty. He promises to re- even m this world with a long and happy he child that honours his* parents. "Chil- " says the Apostle St. Paul, "obey your its in the Lord, for this is just. Children, your parents in all things, for this is well re dis-please' '«§ing to the Lord." threat'-ens «g ? re-spect' o-beys as-sert' ne-glect' re-mem'-1t pro-vid'-ed( pro-cure' re-scrv'-ed . sug-gest' your par e nts, 3 them. Remei be authors of good childj^ then, will respect his parents. ill love them, and do them all the good he He will pray for them, and procure, as as in his power, thfe welfare of their souls. ill obey them, imowing that when he obeyB in everything lawful, he obeys God himself f that when he disobeys them, it is God him-.- be disobeys. . ;; |ji;ood child will aariit aimi ^ ttmfr r t pr sickness and old age. When their last la-pproaches, he will see that they are pro- in time with the last sacraments, in order T 7 if'" '-■';" d8 le. fliftt they may have a happy dealih, and« sbr >f tiiose everlasting joys which are reserved iiiose who depart this World in friejidship^ ii jPod. He will assist them in their dying momct \ ind suggest to them 8om6 of those prayers wk are expressive of sorrow for sin, entire submisi to the will of God, and firm confidence in infinite mercy. What an edifiyi^ig thilig to se good child at the bed-side of i:ts dying pare pouring into his ear those words of c^Hnfi ttms to smootii his passage from this world i better! . ; - '• jwHtcd ry vvi [e i« to wr asl hi n^ H; "f ^^^^^'>4^ LESSON XZ.-<— THE EEDB|USA8T. AVimet. crumbs worms throat length . fe'-malo rob'-in ' eaf'-er-pil-lar Eu'-ropc A-mer-i-c» Qttn/tft'e* ash'-y Bweet'-est prefrty ten'-der sha'-di-est thick'-est deV-i-cate for'-ta-pate feath'-er-ed k«N]gi}'-iowr hun-ffer «-bo^ Aetion$. draw haunts fr6-quenti!< ; c«!n-8istB' picks weighs boiMs im-pell'-edi val'-ue n uleii'-der ^oom'-pli-3a4ed IVNrtanftto beyond almost any -of leB' en-jo y- re-^es' «4igh^.ii iho feat ts < IS. dealih, and « ik oh are reserved i in friejidship^ V bheir dying'momci those prayers # m, entire submiBS n confidence in ifiyilkg thing to se f ^ts dying pare words of cwnfi rom this world i EDBIUSAST. AeHon$. draw hanntB fr^-quenti/ c«!n-8istB' picks weighs buiMs im-jpell'-ed val^-oe rted re-tires' ^;^-ligh^-ii ^-of iho feat ', tho lledbreafet or Rohm is •» pet bifd in fry country of Euiope or America where he is it^. ^ . :< ' ■ , . ■ - ' ■ ■■■. -'"'■'■'- \ - e 18 a pretty bird, and has a sweet song: Ida is slender and delicate ;*his eys larke, dark, and ressive; and his aspect mild* Hete of an ashy wn colour above, white beneath, with 'a red ast and throat.- He is six faJbhes in.fengtli, weighs about half an ounce. his bjfd, in our climate, has the sweeteSt song iny; his voice i^ soft, tender, and well sup- J»^d, and the more to be Tallied as we enjoy it iljiwinter. ^hiring spring and summer the robm haunts ^^ woods, the grove, and the garden, and builds nest in the thickest and shadiest hedge-rows, nest is made of dried leaves, hairs, and mos- and lined with feathers. It is placed among the :s of trees or bhshes, in some concealed spot r the ground. ' #J . . [n winter, impelled by hunger, he draws nearer abodes of man. He frequents our bams and lens, and often suddenly alighting on tho rustic y, pickj* up ihft cr umb H that fnll fr om tl^e tabler— principal food consists of caterpillars and 8. The female lays from five to s,even 1 M. !>.! !i P 4Kt^^-^" ^>- UESSON^Zltl^—THE CHILd's FIKST 6BIBF. ** Oh ! call my brdth'er back to me ' . I camiot play alone ;| ' The summer comes with flow'r and bee— . T Where is my brother gone ? The flow'rs run wild^ the flow'rs we sowed 'Around our garden tree ; Our vine is drooping with Its load — V 01^^ call him back to me !" . * He would not hear thy voice, fair child* He may not come io thee ; i That face that on6e like summer smiled^ On earth no more thou'lt see. A rose's brie^, bright life of joy^ Such unto him was given ; ^^ So — ^thou must play alone,^^ boy ! Thy broth^iff in heaven. las he left his birds and flow'rs, And must I call in vain ? And thrpugh the long, long summer hours Will he not come again T And by the brook and in the glade ' ^ftre^iinju^r WandlringS o^&rl f the Oh! while my brother with me played Would I had loved him more ! " > 'iSi-iSB- \J: ■ ■ * '?V"-. SECTION II. (LESSON. I. — BUTTER ^ND CHEESE. iN'isTRUMENt, that hj wJiicK' anything IS doMb P«::as'antry, c<»iritry pe^le, or peasants. Gloucester {ghs'-), a county in the west of England, v] M em' BhANE, ti^ upmost thin skin of anything^ IWa'tery, thinj— like water. , ' |In'ner, interioti, or mbre inward. -• , White, having the colour of snow. Sol'^ compadt ; not fluid. S Skim, to take iff the scum. : ** Sha'ken, agitjftifed, or moved to and fro. CoNVERT'ED,c|anged into another form or Statal I^ep'arated, disunited or divided* ' iter is prepafed from the milk of the cow. n milk, has be(|n allowed to stand a few honra^ ' ick, rich subfctknce, called cream, rises to tha ce. This is skimmed off, and by being brisUj :en, is converted into butter. The instrinent* hich this operation is peiforined; is called a ' ■ There is Janother ^nbstance found in th besides thepntter; it iFcalled butter-milk^ T?hen fresh, i^ drunk by the peasantry. Tha ir prepared f^r the winter store is salted, and 42 ^, r i ^ ^'% patted into barrels {and tubs. The person wb tends the cattle is called a cov^-herd ; and tk place where the milk I is kept, a dairy* Cheese is prepared from miUc, which is cnrdid by mixing it with a liquor called rennet : the curd thus formed are a white, solid substance ; they ar; separated from the whey or watery particles, aiH then pressed and dried. Rennet is made l)| steeping the inner membrane of a young calfi stomach in water. A colour is usually given to cheese by safiroi^-i or by a substance called annatto, i^hich is the seed^ vessel of a shriib growing in the West Indies. Cheese differs in quality, according as ^t made from new or skimmed milk, or from creaml that made from cream is always very fat, ^d doef not keep long. — Chester and Gloucester, in England, are not ioT excellent cheese ; but Hone is more highly &| teemed than the StUtm^ which (except faulty) nevw sold for less than one shillii^ per poun^ The- making of this cheese, however, is not cotj fined to the Stilton farmers, as many others I England make a similar sort, sell it for the saii| -^ Oir!ioN, a plant with a bnlbpns, or roubcd, root. « Wheat, bread-corn,— the finest of gra^s. This'tle, a field-weed, full of sharp poin^. Sprout, a young branch or a.shoot of kplknr. Creep'ing, {in this plaie mean») growing alo% Remark'able, Worthy sf notice, [i^e grouniE Dif'ferent, various ; distinct. Lit'tlej diminutive, or small. * Flour'ish, to thrive as a healthy plant. Drop, to let fall. ' fly. Scat'tered, thrown loosely about; spread thin- ^ Sprout, to shoot up as a plant. The seeds of plants are given them for the pur- ' se of producing new plants of the same kind, ^ery plant requires room to grow; and, there- ^, to( flourish well, the seeds must be dropped the earth, not altogether, but as much scat- l as can be. God has, then, .in his wisdom, ided that pknts shall all be able to scatter se^. , >me plants he has made tall, so that, as the id waves them about and shakes them, they I drop their seeds in different places around. ah arc w h e at a nd o the r ( am, onions'^tbbagii, — «ses, and thousands more.- Some seeds have le feathers, like wings which catch the wind n .ir^ ]'■ All' m% . m m AW '!H';i . ■ iiii.. '• H (,'„ mi - ami Carry them away perhaps a mile; ^'the ties and dandelion. Some are long, creepin plants, \ihich drop their seeds several feet frc the old root, as peas do. Some are furAished witj. hooks, by which they cling close to. any anilm' that goes by, and are dropped wherever he nikj them off; such are the common burrs. The growth of seeds is remarkable also. Thoufi ; they may be foijnd shut up as a kernel in a ha? shell, yet, as they gather moisture, they burst shell and free themselves. Every seed has a ger or bud, which throws out a sprout, to grow u^J wards into the stalk, and another, which gro^ downwards, and forms the root. In whatever wa. the seed lies in the ground, still the stem wiJ grow up, and the root will grow down. Sec have been found to grow which had been hidde for hundreds of years ; for a seed, if out of re „ of the sun's warmth, will not sprout. The coveil ings of the seeds are worth your notice ; as huski of com, pods of peas and beans, juicy pulps apples and oranges, shells in nuts, shells husks in walnuts and cocoa-nuts. iMt m 45 LESSON ilI,-^HEBCl»., Ide'a, a notion or conception. • Thick'et, a wood very thicklv planted, Ech'o, a rebounding or repeating sound. Poute'ness, civility; good breeding. Mvste'rious, very strange. [Haush, rough; cross. WrcK'ED, very naughty ; bad. Rude, unci»l ; ungenteel. [Scold'ed, reproached in nide, angry words. Treat, to use ill or well. I Revenge', to retaliate, or return an affitmt. Accu'siNG, laying a charge against. ittle George had' no idea of an echo; wheii| I day running through the meadows, he be^n ry, "Ho! ho!" -and he heard the words, ro- «d from a neighbouring thicket. The astpn- child cried out, " Who are you I "and the erious voice repeated, "Who are youV— \\x. must be a fbolish fellow," shouted George, JYou must be a foolish fellow," said the voice the thicket. Then George got very angiy, I scolded and called' names, all wluch the ech6 fully repeated. He then rushed into the wood, ^yenge himself by beating the mimic ; but he no nnft. Ht? then ran book mto the houscT^ complained bitterly to his mother of the wicked ^J^JkP wooi, -Hl^to had' been abusing hiin. w M^ ^-^ I II |ii !* I: if lUi, i HI. »i id! .4$ J* You are mistaken this time, my son, SQ,id mother, " and you are only, accusing yourself, was your own words you heard repeated; it* your own face you see in the glass, and it is f.\ own voice you heard in the wood. If^ you i\ called out kind and obliging words, you wo;J have received the same. Learn a lesson from In thiV'World, the conduct of others towards iu#| generally regulated by our conduct towards tht^ If we. -treat others with politeness and kindnH they will treat us well in >retum ; but if we harsh and rude in ouf manners, we must expect!^ meet rough treatment. Do unto others as ;» vould they should do unto you. ^ x»<\»«^ ? LESSON IV. — ON CLEANLINESS. Anal'ogy, likeness. [saving or keepii Preser'vatite, that Which has. tne power Prev'alence, force or influence; Man'ifest, plain ; evident. El'£64nt, graceful; excellent. yAMii/iAR, common ; frequent. . £n0om'pass, to surround. Cank'ered, corroded or eaten away. Suooest'ed, placed before the mind. Cleanliness may be recommended ui^er iibroo following heads : as it is a mai-k of polj 4: ANLtNESS. as it produces affection J aud as it beait lalogy to purity of mind. • ^^.;< , First, it IS a mark of politeness; for it is iim> Brsally sjgreed ap4Iization, the more thej )nsult jthis part of politeness. Secondly, 'cleanliness may be said to be tbt »ter-iifiother of affection. Age itself is not un- liable, while it is pr^eserved ctean and unsullied: ike a ipiece of metal constantly kept smooth and right J we look on it with more pleasure than on a sw vessel that is cankered with rust. I inight further observe, that as . deanlinen endcrs us agreeable to others, it makes us easy ourselves ; that it is an excell^it preservative <^ palth, and that several vices, destructive both t» ly and mind, are inconsistent with the habit of it. In the third plaoe^ it bears a grcaiit,, analogy wiA burity of mind, and naturally inspires'i^fined sen- ^ments and passions'. We find from experience, aat through the pi^valence^ of custom, the most theiETieffor by being ma^ iar to OS. On the contrary, ^ose who life ■£-■ r-- ■>fff P n % ■r- f' I >!■ %• •>■ ■^' ^ •: ' 48"- "-"■. ;-. , " IV.*. ' ■ ■ ■ . ■ ■ in the neighbourhood of good examples, fly fr the first appearance of what is shocking. Thu&i pure and unsullied thoughts are naturally suggest to the mmd by those objects that perpetually eiJj compass us, when they are beautiful and elegaia^ in their kind. „ "" ■:.■*,.._■.,• -..-■,' .* > .,.,■',.." LKSSON V. — AIR, WIND, AND DEW. Mount' AiN, raised ground. ' Weath'er, the state of the air or atmosphere-^ whether windy or calm, wet or dry, hot Hur'ricanes, violent storms. [^^ West In'dies, a chain of islands betwc^ South America and the United States. Vi'DLEin*, acting with force or strength. LiGin-.^^, Ught in a greater degree. SuRltouNo'^NG, extending all around. — 9~ Strong'est,^ having greatest strength. Uncom'mon^ unusual. ' J Contains', holds as a vessel. ^ Ascends', mounts' or moves higher. Expands', dilates or spreads out every way^ Overthrow', to throw down ; to destroy. [ Collect', to gather together. The earth on which we liye is surrounded on sides by air. The air, with the vapmirs which 8 B ^ ^ ./ ihe^ atj nosphe r e. —The ingt we ascend into this atmosphere, the thimier doet^ the air become. On high mountains, it ia !l|'. 49 j_.._„.. AND DEW. icp than ic the plains. The height tc whick atmosphere extends, is between ^tj and sixty |es. Above tliis there are neither clouds nor The vapours, which rise continually from the kh, and from everything upon it, collect in tha biosphere. They unite together, and produce 1, snow, fogy imd all other changes of the ither. . Vinds are air put in motion chiefly by means * tieat. When anypart of the air is heated by the |s of the sun, or by any other cause, it expands becomes lighter. It then ascends, and tha rounding air rushes in to supply its place. kn the wind is violent, it is called a storm; bn very violent it is called a hurricane. Storms I hurricanes sometimes uproot the strongest k overthrow houses, and lay waste la^e tracts- country. These effects are not often seen in country, but they are not uncommon in others., [the West Indies they sometimes destroy Vfapb Stations. What is called a high wind, liioves le rate of more than thirty miles in an houi. I* ^"^"<^^^> ^e wind is said to move ona ^ _;■■;- _ ■ ; ^l The watery vapours which ascend from the "• during the heat of the ia^, being condensed ,, f^S 60 b/ the Gold of night, fall down again, and thu called dew. When the night is so cold that U dew is frozen, it is called hoar frosty anii the tw^ and grass appear as white as if they were powderes 'The reason of this is, that when trees and ot bodies are extremely cold, the vapours Which upon them are changed into particles of i^e. very^ cold weather the vapours arising from i mouths are frozen, and, in that statei, fasten the:| selves to our hair, in the same mann^. as the does to the grass. \j ■^1 LESSON VI. — COTTON. 5 { Pod, the case which contains the seed.\ Mus'lin, a fine manufacture of cotton. East In' dies, the name of a vast tract country in Aula, and of a number of lands in the Indian Ocean. ^ Por'ters, persons who carry burdens for {Down'y, covered with nap or down. Bush'y, full of small branches. Whole'some, healthy ; salutary. Dis'tant, remote or far oflF. Prepare', to make ready. Clear'ed, reipoved or freed ftom. Enga'ged, occupied ; employed. J ipioy stedH and t w isted into threadBt ^ Weave, to unite threads so as to form clotl GUtpn ia a downy stuff in the pod of ft |»1 ■■ ■• .... ■ ■■"- ■ , ' . i. ■ III: («t of a bean, or, at ^erbaps you have seen a pod ^nist, a pod ^f a pea. The be$.ns and the peas, I lay tell you, inside the pod, aife the seeds. Bat, you look to the bean-pod, y^u will see a little rooUy substance. The cotton-]ilant has a pod of le same sort. - The pod, when it is ripe, is black b the outside, «|d inside it is filled with a soft [own, in ^'^Mjj^^o seeds lie. This down is the ^tuff of wjjjjPPlHtckings are made. There are three sorts of cotton-plants : one groups on the earth, one is a bushy, short tree, iiid the third is a tall tree, like an oak or an elm. 'he creeper is the best. These plants grow in forth America and in the East Indies. To pre- )are the cotton, you must have it cleared from the )od ; the «ceds must then be shaken out of it ; len it must be spun into threads or yam ; and f\}eu it is in threads, the weaver will take it and r^ve it into cloth. The cloth may be of different lickness, and it may be dyed of diflbrent colours. ["bus, there is the thick and rich cotton-yelvot^ id the thin fine muslin*^ — ^-— \'...-,-r ■;■_., '- --^ The "English nation has almost all the cotton- laking in the world, because it has brought it» lachines for ihat purpcMse to great perfec^n. In ^he north of England, there are, perhaps, nearly ro millions of persons employed in the making '. 1. -K r ..^.- V -.;.,.^ 52 I ' 11 ! ! -■■■ ' m the stuff? vliich are formed of cotton. Cotton^ doling is, perhaps, vom by more persoiiis thanl , any other kind. It is wkrm:and ligh^, and it keeps the skin dry ; and it is,' for that reason, as whole-l Bome as anything which -yt)u can wear : it is ab ;cheap. Consider how many persons are engaged! in handling" the cotto^ before it covers you. Be-i «des the growers, ani^ gatherers, and.diressers, and? spinners and weaveb, and needle-workersi the •re the creWs of the ships, who bring it froriiSis.! h tant countries, and the porters, salesmen, and! ^^ers^ who are employed about it when it arrivea ! illf. % IK LESSON VII. — A WASP AND A BEE. A wasp met a bee that was just buzzing by, ' And he said, " Little cousin, can you tell me whj^ You are loved -so much better by people than Tl " My back shines as bright and as yellow as gold, And my sliape is most elegant, too, to behold ; Vet nobody likes mo for that, I am told." ■ ^ Ah i friend^" said the btc, " it is all veiy "Tfwp ^ut if I were half as much mischief to do, Then people would love mo no better than voo.' ii|., »• * 58 roQ can boast a fine shape, and a delicate 'wkur are perfectly handsome, but yet there's am [thing , * kt can't be put up°wi||i,— and that is your stim^ fy cpat is quite hdniely and plain, as Jsou see^ nobody ever is angry with me, — •. luse I'm a useful ahdinnocent be6." ^ . ' . ■ ■'*-.-■>■ km this little story let people bwrare, - , , bause, like the wasp, if ill-natured they ure, : ,; By Will never be loved, though they're evef m I fair. • ■■:. '. ■. , ,\ ■ .. ■ r" V ifuE ROBlk. . ^ Little bird, with bosom -r^ '-^M- Welcome to my humble shed. ; Daily to my table steal, y • While I take my scanty meal. [- Doubt not, little though there be," But PU cipt a crumt) to ik6e; Well repaid if I can spy ~ — - • Plej^ure in thy glandng eye/ , Come, my feather'd friend, agaiti ; -Well thou knowesTlKenBroken fiuiojl Ask of me thy daily store, • Evei, i^elcome to my door, lF^~^^ m •>;> N***' .":! liiill '- r^ 6f- LKSSON Vni. — CITIES AND ClMALI^ ^^ ' , . .. _ Z ,„„„ ■ " . , • , " / HosTOALs, pliicesTtof"titeri««eptiwi^ the mcl^ 5 Efflu'via, those small particles which exb**^ I ' ^rommost bodies. ^ I CHOL'ERAyira violent discharge of bile. . (^ Vic'tim, something destroyed. . • j r Pqp'i?Lou8, full of people. I I StAG'NANT, still or motionless* I I Pu'trid, rotten ; corruptl * 5* [ Malig'nantj pernicious ; destmctiye. . I Ogca'sioned, caijsed or produced. I I Supplies', affords or furnishes. I j Result', to proceed from as an effect. ['Erect'ed, set up or built. A dty is ^ large populous town, capital some country, "province, or district; or the of a bishop. Town and city are often used the same sense. Custom, however, seems to hi given the term city to such towns as are, or merly were, the sees of bishops. ' Narrow and dirty streets, crowded jails nospitals, burials within the city, and like cans render large cities more unhealty, than ot places. A multitude of malighant disorders oc(^asioned by the stagnant air and putrid nffl iij of cjties and large tovna. It is worthy' of notij ih»t the cholera, which was so fatal in cities. 66 tro CAIKALM, jled ,wff such numbers, made very few victinui Be' countoy, where the air was more pure, native, or inhabitant ,of a city, vested wi^k, jfreedom and liberties of it, is called a citizen, canal suppUae to^ a colintry almost all the intages of a river and a road. In them the Brs of the sea, or 6f a river, can le collected raised by means of lockis^ or flood-gates, ted at proper distances. 'They are deep channels, Dsed by two high banks or walli^j parallel to other. ■',.>'■.,:■ ';-;■'>■. , --ftx -^ '-'^'- ;''■■: a canal-boat one horse will draft as much as horses on a commofk road, and no danger is be feared, unless at locks, where ignorance or of caution may be attended with sad effects, le of the canals in China are works of vai^t ir ; those also in France and Russia are very rkable.' f he niimerou^ canals' of Holland Belgiuni show the great advantitges whic^ re- j^to a tr^di»g people from their use. " It the greatest imd most useful work tt this perhaps, in Europe, is the canal of Lao- loe, in France. This canal is 180 miles in th,' and is furnished with 104 locks, of a^ut fftftt ri s fl t i o e aQh. In some-plaooa it passw bridges of vaSt hdght ; and in others it cuti "«fc 3oli%ckiMr 1000 pace8..j, ^^ „ /-Vi. 58 ""^"^~^ taSSOlC lif*— PEAT OR TUlK ^ I Peat, a species of turfJ - Til'lage, the cultivation of land. Fu'el, tie matter or food of fire. ' Abun'dance, gi:eat Ijjenty^ Drain'age, a araini|ig or flowing off. 5 r FeN'NY, marshy ; boggjA; wet. ; 1 I L;g'neous, woody ; consisting of wood. 2 J Decay'ed, unsound; rotten. * I. Rks'inous, containing resin or gup. I Consume, to burn. Consid'sred, thought ; believed. Divide', to spver ; to separate. Mould'ed, formed or shaped. Pen'etrate, to pierce; to enter. Peatxor turf is found in large beds, call jpeatrmosses or bogs. It is the fuel principaj used in the c6untry parts of Ireland. The are more or leks Wet and soft, sometimes half flu studded with tuS^f rushes. It is found in abii dance among the mountains, which are not >wo^ tillige or draining.^ Thj5 thickness of the vwies from a foot or two to twelve yards, tarf-cutters, with a kind of sharp thnes, divide it into pieces like bricks, which dried in the air, and am for use. Th e r e is an et .^ kind, called hand-turf, sj named because ^ I I;: mouldodwith thejpji^. from the soft mate