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Notes ANotas techniques et bibliographiques :
' ■ » ■
' .''
Ttia InstituM has atttmptad to obtain the bnt original
' copy availabia for filming. Faaturts of this copy which
may ba bibliographically uni^ua. which may al^r any
of tha imagat in ttia raproduction. or which may
significantly changatha mual mathod Of filming, ara
chackatf balow.
■1 . ■ ■
' L'Institut a microfilm^ la meilleur eMemplaire qu'il
lui a-*t4 possible da se procurer. Les details da cat
" exemplai^ qui sont peut-4tre uniques du point de vue'
bibliogr«phique. qui peuvent modifier une jmaga
reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification
dans la mithode normala de filmaga sont indiqufc
ci-destOMS.
\ ■;•'■
K- ' -^ ■■ ■
Colourad coVars/
y Couvf^ra da coulatir
Coloured pages/ ^ •
1 1 Pages da couleur
'■''■%.
■ ■ ■
y Covart damagad/
^ Couvartura andommagAa
^ Pages damaged/
i Covart rattorad and/or laminatad/
^\ Couvartura rastaurta at/ou palliculte
'~^ Pages restored and/or laminated/
Pages restauries at/ou pelliculles
; . ■/
' Covar titia missing/
La titra da couvartura manque
Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ /' -
: '' . ■ "^
/ .'
Coloured maps/
Cartas giographiquas en couleur
1 1 Pages detached/
1 1 Pages d*tach*es
■^'"/
«
Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)
J Showthrough/ .- .> ■
i/^l Transparence
■-■". -\
ques
□
□
:n
Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
Planches at/ou illustrations en couleur
Bound with other material/
Relie avecd'autres documents
Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion ^
along interior margin/
La reliure saiirrie peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distorsion le long de la marge int^ieure
Blank leaves added during riestoration may appear
within the text. Whenever possible, these have
been omitted from filming/
II se peut qua certaines pages blanches ajout^
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte.
mais, iorsque cela itait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas atA f ilmtes. .
Additional comments: /
Commentaires supplementaires:
Quality of print varies/
Quality in^le de I'impression
□
Continuous pagination/
Pagination cjpntinue
Includes index(et)/
Comprend un (des) index
Title on header taken from:/
Le titre de I'en-tCte provient:
I I Title page of issue/
Page de titre de la livraison
□ Caption of issue/
Titre de depart de la livraison
Masthead/
Generique (piriodiques) de la livraison
This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce docijHfient est filme au taux de rMuction indiqui ci-dessous.
10)f
14)<
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22X
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26 X
30X
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th« copy filmvd htr* hat b—n raproducvd thanks
to tha ganaroaity of:
rj».
Matpopolltan Toronto Re ferenca Library
Baldwin Room
Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha l)ast quality
poaalbia oonaldaring tha condition and lagibility
of tha original copy and In kaaping with tha
filming contract tpaclfteatlona.
Original oopias in printad papar covara ara filmad
baglnning with tha front covar and anding on
tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras-
•ion, or tha back covar whan approprlata. All
othar original copiaa ara filmad beginning on tha
firat paga with a printad or illuatratad im)%ras-
•Ion; and andJhg oji tha last paga with a printad
or illuatratad impr«ation.
Tha iaat racordad frama on aach microficha -
•hall contain tha symbol — «^ (maaning "CON'
TINUED"), or tha aymbol V (maaning "END")*.
whichavar appiiaa.
Mapa. plataa, charta. ate. may ba filmad at
diffarant reduction r^tioa. Tho^a too larga to ba
antlraly included in ona axpoaura ara filmad
baglnning in tha uppar laft hand cornar, laft to
right and top to bottom, aa many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate tha
method:
L'exempjaira film* fut reprodult grice A la
g4n*roait4 da:
Metropolitan Toronto Reference Library
Baldwin Room • ^
Las Images sulventee oht «t« reprodultes eveo le
plus grend soln, compte tenu de le condition et
de le nettet« de I'eMempleIre film*, et en
conformity evec lee conditions du eontret de
fitmaga.
Las exemplalres orlglnaux dont la'couverture en
papier est ImprimAasont fllm^a an commencent
par la premier plet et ^. terminent soit par le
dernlAre page qui comporte une emprainte
d'Impre'ssion ou d'illustretion. soit per le second
plat, salon le caa. Tous lea autres exemplalres ,
originsux sont fllm«s en confrhen^ent par la
pramidre paga qui comporte une emprelnte -'i
d'Impresslon ou d'lliustration at an terminent par
la darniAra paga qui comporte una telle
emprelnta.
Un des synnboles suivanta apparaftra sur la
darnlAre Image de cheque microfiche, selon le
oes: le symbols — ^ signlfie "A 8UIVRE':. le-
symbole V signlfie "flfi". ^
Les cartaa. planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre
film«s A daa taux de reduction diff«rents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pgur «tra
reprodult en un seul clleh«. II est film* A partir
da I'angia sup«rieur geuche. de gauche * droite.
et de haut en bes, en prenant la nombre
^d'images n«cessaire. Les diagrammea suivanta
iliustrant la mAthoda^
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1653 East Main Street
Rochester, New York 14609 USA
(716) 482 - 0300 - Phone
(716) 288 -MM -Fox
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Canadian
u HISTORY
TORONTO PUBUC LIBRARIES
REFERENCE LIBRARY
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Tbe four fim/»eto already piwi ^
A flftb sMl <7l<>ie the drama'mth the day : > ";
tiilie^a noblest olRq>ring la the last" '
ineprvgpeci v(f .rummt^f j
Aru and Lemntinp, <» Amerlea.
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OTTAWA:
I^IHUraSD BT 1VE DlSPiJl'tlllirr Of AflSIOOHFOBS OF THE DOHISIOIR OV 0A9i94.
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1882. i
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BY
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BEY. i). M. MACLtSE,.
PA0IOE OF CALTIX CHVEOH, OT. JOHH, X. I.
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' " WeMwkid the coune of empire tiAet Uk w«]r |
The four first Mta already pMt, '
A flah ahall cIom) the drama with the day I
'Tlme'a nobleat oflbprlog la the last."
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Bishop Buucblby— om the pr9$peji vf PlcnUing
Arts ana Learning, in Ameried,
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OTTAWA: .
PUBLIBIRD ITT THE DEPAITMSNT OF AfiRICUI/rUKK OF TUB DOMIinOir OF CAllADA.
1882. _. \y
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REAQAllDCIRCllLATE AMONG YOUR NEIGHBORS.
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Thb writer of the following pag«H deema no apology neoM*
8ary for the leoulftr character of the aubject. He lielievot m
clergyman is bound to aid hia fellowmen by every proper meant '
in his power, and if he has iilfomiation from personal experience
which is necessary to the well-being of others, it is his duty to
import Uuftt information to as large a number of poople as possible,
-whetlier that information concerns time or eternity, or both. He
believes the temporal condition of men has a potent influence for
weal or woe, not only in this world but that which is to come. .
Peoples' places of residence ipid moans of comfortable living hav«
much to do with their well-being here and hereafter. He has
reason to know that much misleading information JKas been
widely circulated among the peoples of the old countries about this
country as a field foissettlement He is anxious as far as he can
to rectify the erron€im|^^deas '^v^ch have been inculcated by
interested parties, anliil impart in as few words as possible
enough reliable information to enable p^ple to form correct con-
dusicms as to where their future habitations should be located.
' Sh6uld he succeed in his aim he believes he will have per-
formed a more impcotant public service than if he had written
and published a score of Theological Essays, of which there Is a
plethora already. * .
**ffomo mm et humani, a me nit alienum puto." — Tbrknok.
I am a man, and nothing that relates to inan do I deem of
no concern to me. ' . * -
St. John, K. B., Aug. 3, 1882.
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- EMIGRATION.
•up*"
' ChMigfl !■ lh« common lot. Th«nt» 1« nothing p«rm»nflnt on cMurth. A
good homily might Ite wHtt«n with this for thn thome of thouuht. Hnt I
do not propoM »t pnitent to write * homily. My obj«ol b pro bono pfAtko
m«t«riidly, mthnr than morallv or apiritually Juit now.
Teople, at U)Pit mwiy of them, ohango their home*. M»y-day is
uaMlly m moving day Mmmg a great multitude of perwnui. 8oma||uov«
for the laiiA of change,' «)th«ra In the hope of liettering their conffliioQ.
Some movejiext door, aiul aome to distant Uuidi. It i« of the Utter olaia
I would ipeak. The movement with them in an important one, and should
not be undertaken without due consideration and a careful compilation of
facta at fftr aa they can be reliably aKertained. All the future well or ffi~
being of emigrants depends to a great extent on the wise or otherwlsa
character of the change of location or obuntiy which they i«^ke. In order
to do It wisely, people mutt haveHhrfTand w>rr«ot information on Um
subject, otherwise they are full aa likely to go wrong as right, and having
* started wrongly of t«n find itimpoasible to rectify their miatakes, and by
force Qf circumstances ^e compelled to go on as they have begun. „
Ever since the discovery of America nuwy pe>ople have t)een, lad by
^~'bin)U9istances' to move from the old settled countries of Rurope to the new
land. For the last thirty-three years, or a generation of men, this
emigration has been very extensive, and for the last few yearalnoreaaiogly
so. Vety muoh the larger portion of it has been going to tha United
States and a comparatively small portion to Canada. Prom forty to m
hundred thousand have been going monthly to the neiftkB6iring Repilblio ;
less than that number vearly to Canada. They have been going thert in
multitudes, h*ire in driblet*. There are, sufHoient and efficient causes for
all effeota. This extraordinary disparity still exista, and will oontinue to
exist, unless causes are brought into existence to prevent It. There were
good reasons for this disparity up till the present time ; these reaaous no
. longer exist, but thai is not enough to rectify the matter. It must be •
made manifest to the peoples in the old lands that the rsasons for such a
tide of emigration to tiie United States do not now exist, but tiiat they <h
exist now as they never did befbre for turning ^at tide to Canada, snd
that the advantagss are much greatsr as afforded by Canada to immigrants
at the presMit day, thMi they are, or ever were, in the United Statea. If
th« real facts, ' ' the tarufe bwardness " of the whole subject were only fully
and fairly made known to the populations of Buropean countries, especially
in the United Kingdom, and proper facilities afforded them for reaching
the free and fertile lands of the Canadian Dominion, there would soon be
such a flocking of tiie indusiarious surplus population of Europe to these
shores, as was nerer before seen to any part of this oontineAt. I propose
to consider, briefly as possible, the oatuie^ which have hitherto led to such
an influx cy( populatioli to the ueighboijing Republio, and snoii a small
laumber to bUrselves ; to show how i% has! oome about that the e a tts s s fw
that great influx to the U. S. no longer Wxist, but that a /oHhri they do
now exist in Cimiulft. and that intending smigraats should be fully and
fairly informed of the facts, and that thhfwould, be only justice to all oob'
oemed, the emigrants, the Uiiited 8UU» tod the D o wlniw g( Cw Mwter—
— -Y"
ColoniM. It i» one that not only *»'™)" " ..„_ fcu- Mople aifeoied are ,
totSSS involved are ^^^^""^^^.^S^"^ thSrCfpecttve right..'
■ommnyiJM io «*««on»***°/^. *^*!,„j!r*«„viol«it»ndrepn*«^
Se^mptedenforoemcm^of th|^ J[ lO^ning./
th»t the ccmdition of •JS^" "^J^whlt that remedy i. ieem. ••
Some remedy », «vj^fe ™!if »««Bar. umJ>le satirfactorUy to iolve
taportant inqninr. Th^ fe"TS'*o??870 C failed to •o«)opU.h Ito
"^Mr. Sydnev OBuxW,^^
2d the seventy-five againrt «»o J^ L^^totw i directly owK»od
W iVeedom rf 8ale--a. demanded^by the ttoM^
!?*iSo^ that there doe. not w»m to be mu^^^
SaTt^uS)!!. «^tirf«^ to .g o»a^^
»««b« rf ». «:irS.S^'iffi^£S^SS-n?Mi7,-^ «»
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Jon.
•• What neenui to me to be needed is that families •hould \m aMwted to
«„ia Je f^r^n^uHfid part, of Ireland under ««refu "d .yjt^tic
ZSIbior wid that thi. oVertight .hould not end in Ireland, but .hould
K^STcii^nderthe charge of properly qualified agent, in Can^a or
d.eTh^! whlSJ^bject it .hluld L £give a«ii«Unce m the election pf
land or in obtaining employment for the emigrant., . .^j^i^ .. .
whole I fuUy *gree» with very few exception. mo.tly matter, of detail.
The around 7orT principal one of theafe exception, i. rather u«Pli«d «han
.UtonyMrTSkelnthSewoi^., "Without wLAing to recommend the
SmSiS territory a. a more .uitable field for Iri.h emig^ration i^ that
SSrfS^by the^Cnitedltate.. t .hall refer to it ^"^^fj^^.^^lflTlfl
JfmwS" Ac ITie evident implication here i. that the United Statefi
d^^ord at leit a. good a field for Iri.h emigration a. the Canadi^
T^toiT To khow that thi. i. not the caw i. one main design of ^i»
/pSS^^ttag!«5 a£o that the Canadian territory preaent. a vwtly
Kr field for .uch emigration thap any other country in the worW »t
SJe^r^nt day In endLvoring f^o thi. I .hall " notiiing extenuate or .
"* fel^^i^reating paper appear in the f eb-«y^--^rof
tiiei?mSA Cfirfury, 1881, by the Eight Hon. the Earl of Aijrhe, on * The
lMtSsSte.raKel,i for Agricult&al Settler.." Thte article .how. a
A veWf aS^mate of ihe conaition, oapabilitie. and advantage, of that
I pirt o?the uS State, which it. author vi«t^, and m je««;d^,^»»^°>^
Ee^iaiidy Umit. hi. remark., namely, Weatem OrMon and JJolorado. Jt
: U rthint. mudi ta bo regretted thit the Eaxl (rf AirUe, whe^ he wa. in
Si. SinteyTdid not mafe a much more extended tour viaiting Canadji,
SSlS^eZat Nortii Western portion of it. Had he done^til^?J5e
wK^d^MWve ^.ritten an ari^Sle very different f«>5J„^^J.^%¥;
done and much more valuable to intending emigrai^. What the 'i^l
«y.aSutThe region through which he pawed, a^id tritii which hj wa^ «>
SJLTa. to pSohaM kSd in t^oloraSTfor a relative, i..m the m4m
SS rough,™ut I tiOnk it .hould make intendm^ emigrant. p«u.j
Sr^T wmder well tiwmatter. and seek accurate information about
otKr XS^^foro tiiey woild decide on locating themaelve. either in.
^y orCoS. I shall, however. «ve by and by the j>m^^
iome AmWican gentlemen of tiie highe.t character .tending and
ti«a (mX subject in regard to tHeae rerion. which Will wrve to diow
th^ the a!rl hai a ratiie? roseate view of the countar and received tiie
most favorable acoounte of it that facte would permit. . ^ ^
■ the Earl wy. witii truth : "In order to get a home.tead'a man must
now to very fS west. He will in aU probatoy not be verv favorably
Xited 2^^M<«eM to markete anS consequently the ^ces he wifl
- oSnwSbftow." "I^tly.eveniniheremote^ortiiWa^^^
part ol tiie best lands has jSeen already token up along aU »awayj.
WSn I was returning from San Francisco to New York tmet a man who
told me tSJt he had gone into the territory oiDakote^to look for tondji^
Xt tiiere was no go«l land to> had except by pim*M««wi^^
SfiUmuirok. whiSi is the farthest jwint to which tiie N«^«™ ^^°
RiSdhii yet been extended, and which is some 1,200 n»les north-
SStrfCl^." -Land at some Uttle distance from the,exi.tan^ rail-
JSSi cirSpirohased. I b^Ueve. for about £5 an acre." Speaking of
SSaS? he siyl; " (Wd bmd can be bought thereat presMit iov aW
tiowa iitSeT^ fHn .acre. The right to tjdte winter fpr irrigation
frSToJebf the canaUicoatii about £1 an acre:" T^B does not inforn^^^
i^er whether it oo(rt» one pound a year, per a«re, or whether Ifiat sum
SJeS ^foTsinj^ and s^Surwi the right for aU time. If theformeraiia
■ ,-,a?fffr""^"
ii^s^l
.i^-Ht^^i^.
utterly unable to W:,*l«?£ ^t jim^W^t Ae tTer would h«ve
£l.cro more.pm^blyd^^^^^ h^ to
£d. And^rrilthUl^r.j.d«p«2W
of wheat ? The Karl u»??™Vl .^i^*^. oK»,SS;»f «heat an .ore may
of wheat?^^.Bjrt^i*>Jo«««i«» tj*» ^ ^y
oononr in etating that after **« ""VJ'J,;^-^ Weetem Owtfon the
be fairly looked for on irrigated J^J f^<^»<>"^- f^ SrNorthl^tem
aren^jf yi-ldi- r* •* ^i^S^tu^b^acJ? i. looked upjtoa. a
St#teiitisa|Ooddeolle««. ^™*°^r°Sr^^ to Iowa
^Jveven here in New BfuMwiok, where *i«? 5^£S°;; W-^tlon but
obl&ed without Winp a p«»ny for ^^^^^
s;i&»ti:rC±rr^^^ so to 35 bu-hei. of
^Hb tii?S;^hip of Perc^. NorUiunil^ri^d ^B^. (gi^no I -w J
to»er, told^me V'oinc^.^^^^'^^*J^''l^^^^ part he hud
buihela, and one third 66 ^•J *^ 2,d^Ttoi fonr Smee:thui,
•*"*SJ^*.6fi^«J£,'l'iw wUWn th. corpo«Uoii.iB th. Towa of
the preduct tai th.,10"" ^T^f^'tuirS^hS^Stato te«thtal-«iid ■noh
thm two imh well, .iid_ I taw, *fe!SL°!ir^I2d no md with good
^ oonld be innoheeed lo-d»y In 0"^*. ^ *««« '^JmIJoot jeS
rsi,ir"5:^':^o£5rs»t ..ed. «..««».— d « ne^i,
theft aw alway«plw*y<rfp^2^ ^attention
gjtrfe wSiJsrsu "ST^i
«^a«Hert«d."*m^d » 2" *>J*^ "
-^Si «U (KWid fin* wiU l»Te ohoioe oi
,c.
|im^;f|, vuw 4awvv «•«>" ■-
Baflway and other
a^ hM already begun;
•M oonstaiitiy tta^l^
tralnSiiropA- "Firrt
aayoMe. Thoa^wbo
^!lii»i« by no nw«iMi
M nnimportent point, for •Ithough thero are hundred, of mUliomi of wwi
in the iffirth W«t all eqnally good, and tm good M any on which thf fon
Shin^ thVy awTot all^equily neat the raUroad. In this co«nta7>nd
STl'nSSLad i. worth very mnch more than .hat^at a g"jt dfrtanoe
irom it. eapeoially in new Motions where wagon roads have yet t*> be made.
In tJSrdto the breadth of land that can be eultivated in Co}«*4o.
the Earl properly says it " li restricted by the amotftat of water which oan
£ nSTiJV^on. and in the mor«'««tUed P-^s ol the sUto there
wiU soon be veryfew streams remaining whidh are available for ttiat pnr-
SleTlt is well known that on all this continent the rain '»" decreMe.
JJtiie country become, denuded of it. woods. Tffe rain instead of being
retained in the wU and slowly evaporating forming rain clouds^ while the
ground is covered with wood flows off the bare surface into the ■tr»m.
SdsoontotheHwa.' Thoprospect is thataU that region wUl eventually be-
**™Tha Srlof Airlie further says in regard to Colorado. "The r«.llv
ffood wnches are virtuaUy in the hands of a few owners. In theory it is
Sen Swy one to turn Mithis cattle on the plains, but the water fronjigee
h£ve Seen bought up, and fenced off, and as the land is of na use without
wate/STthe Settle to drink, the man who owns the water frontage also
«Mffi«aiy own. the pasture adjoining it, »o that if anyone now wiihe. to
io iiTfor cattie in CJolorado, he mu.tl>egin by buying out some one who
SwS a water frontage." This is quite correct, and should settie the
Ption^ to<SgSL with smalfcapital. for the^Eari "J^- Ifo^ot
iSak that Colorado i« a good place for tbe small capitoliito, the rwA^mm
£4 000 or £5.000 to eriter upon the cattle business." -Neither do I. nor
any other businew. He sayiT^" In Texas there are immenM area, of fine
naitare land a. yet unoccupied. I should not, however, from what I hav«
Wrd of the coiitry adviM anyone to go to Texas. Tlie people in many
SSrfthe SS «e very wUd and lawlew, wd wttier. In ti^e wutiiern
MTi near the Rio Grande, are expowd to the depwdatlon. of th« Merioan.
who come acroe. the frontier and carry off liheir cattle. I wwild not
advi.^ it either, both for thoM and many other reawns, one of wMch wUl
be evident from the following item clipped from the New York Seotman
of the ftth of March in thi. prewsnt year of grace 1881 '- ^ , . .,
"The KanMw State aid committee ha. adjourned »««' havmg to-
tribttted <mong 12,000 sufferers, from the short harvest of 1879 and 1880,
214 170 pounds ^ flour, 297,105 pound, of meal and |2,419 in money.
The t^i^ted iBtates and Canada as Fields for Immi-
S grants flroni Bi^^ Compared.
X
Before diroo^y oonddering the productive quaUtle. of the Gmi^Uui
North Wert, let p. take^a few rtatemwit. from a pamphlet pubuAed^ by
tiie Board of Infiigration f or the State of Minnesota, the preirtdent of
wkich was OovmSS- John 8. PUlsbu^. Thej>bjeofc w *« ahow^^
(TOperiorlty of MiniHssota as a wheat producing region to the othwStotes
of^e UiU^ and e.pecislly to compare wheat culture in the Bed Kiver
Vfclley with iaie other States., . ^^ . « -s*u tft9«» .
A«16; "5'rei* «ie average^of flftwn^year. en«M ^^
yi^ rf^ 17 bndiel. per acre may be aisumed as J^e **T'™*I5i?5
[veMige of MimiesoE-The average yield In Wisoondn is loporte*:
«^^-,» .*.-•..■ .--r^-v'
*' i
10
\
./
/
m.- lAMTMi^kiiown yield of Ohio,
officially to be 18.(^Wel. per wre^ ^„, r.*i^«i?;!
Ce of the leedin^ f *»:** X^'J^difly «X^ ^^
»ver»tte for 10 y?r. in th*t SUto « J^^^jSriiy produoee from year to
MtanewU; yet our f«l«'«'<^P;f^„rIS|^vwM iu awriet of Beven
^j;^ OhiJ. UUnoi. or even I«^„f ir3(?WSAel..» , , ^,
*hit> t^tory of the State of Mmnew»*»«. ^^j^ ^ only of that
BedmveTTS^. whic^^ U
SSlev 75 mOee wide and i^/^^Th S tl» whole North West. Now
/S^i«SXry.b«t^«,of aboo^^^^ ,^, d^ery
lettts hear how thi» Mumeeoto^ ^J^PVj^^ aRer VaUey, and of ju»t
p^^ly^ of their litUepo^<»5^^»»*^2S;Zr6W^ of jcrej.
!^.X^3Lil«nd CJanada'haa in tne^orwi "/»'^>!^ , j^ d below/
« &«ce faX Selkirk Se«iem«jt » ^^Vitey !• inexhaunte
SiS^JawT iWtifiee the deolwatom **»^2A!wti tiS have been cultivate T
KtffilTTtoinutionint^yieW^^^
SSinuaUy f or haB a. iientu^. Tlie pe^^
SNorthefn ¥ii>n«^<^^^^^^* of ttSk spring whW. together with
Sue, i. the micret of «»« ^rK Lt ^^ ^^''^'^ !U?'S 1
^e riUcious quiOity of *»"Vu!fJiiIr from 180 aores-an •▼««f»^»
.^ ; Haiui B. Bjerkejg ^^,^^„, thit welave heard cjm^e
i« the lMf8e«t.y»«l^'„^^® ^3e aw stated ae bemg exceptopliaUv»
country tiii. ««on/r^ ^F0^«^^
indeed extraordmanly ^rg* w *?" ««onlo to oome and occupy ttooee
ftStlTaa a utrong mducenient for people w^m^^ ^ ^^
iS«toSyrich pliinej hutj»hat," ^e wUto^^pt o^ j^, ^
sSS^S^ U& eeotian bordenna on the «^ t^
tiS^i^^dition of thiuM man _^^
T^^^^^r^^VT'^^T^^^^^ XSl^lnX Nortii Wet, but
^otxA ha. often^hecn greatly excegjfl, J^^g^ .^.^^^ ^d 1 have not .
Smother P«t« «f,2f^ii!; ^^ SStwduoe rimU« *^^,Z
STiightertTottbt tbit aii^M «^^
SJwBAOTT-Itli be«» «*i^Jr!SJ\K2^ GrStingthia tpbe 80,
ba^ta^ZdUuMglBg >»?*»«a%2 k^fAltS^ wLh it is not
V
:s.
V---
11
Ohio,
ie the
QsheUi
ear to
ly the
whole
: aore>
elaper
ary of
) good
seven
lof tiie
){ th»t
hich is
. Now
id very
of ju>t
f aores.
I below/
(xh»««V,
lt4v»t«d
climi^te
harvent
MT with
I Nnello
rof a
from
B. T.
__ acres
iheb per
U. Thui
>f in the
pitionaUv^
»erly held ^
py thoee
te United
hWortisV
loaffh for-
ed by the '..
West, but
have not ^
rwnlts on
, j^m the
oared for '
MM on the
{O, and the
I power to
Red Biver
are draw-
tiiatpbeao,
Ik it is not
i0ip<Krtance.
er to reach
ral>le,batU
BUS
to
fork,
Bilea,
<New
to
give quick
/ohiurter for a
ated and, no
the distance
is noitiMter, if as great, than it Is to anv other pl***^ •*^"*W'/2
emtoSntT^^it U not hall the distance thaiit i» tofus1««a» •»f..i»U^
rSSSTdiiwM^M it is to the City of New York. From Uverr^ ♦-
Ne^Yoik (Su^ioiirse) is 8.0K2 mttw. from Jfvejpool to Fort
nS^ wit 5Srrit«T^via'Hudsoo8traitand Rat^^
,3^ 111 miles less to Fort York than to New York, and then fro-
Y^k to Minnesota. Dakota etc, will cost the emigrant much more
New ^k But it may be objected that there is no means of ooa^eysnoe
^SZmX' Fort York, which at present, U true but^should >*i^«nd J
thSk will not long be so. For at feast four months in the year jiha* route
L quitTop^ «d Sile as any route, and will, doubtless, ere long fe utiUjed,
ovS now'^ploratibn. wii a view to it «]• ^'^M '»:5«, 2^^
narties. A steamer or two every week, one from B^rerpool aikd one from
Jome port in IroUnd, each canrlng about l.Og) Mniffwnte wo|
and cheap transit into the very heart of the North W^pst. -•
raUroad bom C. P. R. to Fort York has already been g
dnubt. will soon be built. That arrangement would 'Miorti
bSthas to tSTwd exjenw. to one quiterof what it was tji reach America
noted very long ago. ^e Allan and IH>minion Unes of jiteamersj^^-
ever^anr passinSrs in as short time and at much lower /ates to Montrosl
l\^ 2?JffieliSW them to New York. whUeth«^ost from Quebec
orM« W is mubh less to the IJ^ West than it is W Ne^
Se^SSTpUoes, Thedistance*Swbaokisnot,thetefo/e,veryfonmdaMe.
SoSwiVsaid'to be (^.topper.. ^o^^^^f^^ST^^^STn^
the North West. I have never seen the country in/which they are not.
But it has been seldom that they have been suflScienjfty numeoue to dom
perceptible mischief, and as the country beoomee iettM •»* ottltfvatei
SSTSectewiU, no doubt, whoUydisaiJ-ar. '^p.^f'^'SSS^^^^
ri^tory form until about the nflddle ^ Augustind th«> continue only
SJSTo^teur weeks, the graiA hwi be«^ harvestwfby that time •«»* oid j
mm SdlEwbaceons plaSto lemainrii aU thdrstsaee of l«v^ pi»P» «*
Secfeot insects, they are greedily devoured W fowfi,^ especially turkeys,
K^CSSmTii fattTS flocks of fS^^
they happen to be plenty, which, however/is very seldom and only fa
^Mptio^y dry seiSMms. In several sucyyeasons Aey were very ploaty
faXther/NSr Yor^ when I ««id;£there. They ^J^J^^*»
autumnal leaves that stroW the brooks in/VaU«nnbr«». whwre the Bturian
SSeeSchoTerarch'd embower." Y^ could hardly set down your foot
without ornshing them, and a cloud
you as you paued along; but I
f
them to the <n]ons. They do not
on the spot. Tlie egos are deposi
during tne winter and fa the spr
■various •tMfss of develoiHinent.
them roee constantly fa f r<mt of
. unable to see any damage done by
, from a distance ; tney are developed
fa Hie ground in Ae tall, Ue dormant
and early summer pass timmgh the
the around becomes mora generally
oultivatedlhey wiU be laiwdy destroyed fnthe^egg, 1«^ «5 1«P«»V»^*»;
^ rZrT^Li.^''t I- ...^.wiLii. «k« 4»vW«M. will ffive a. ffood acoottnt «
andthm
those
asto
am fowls. eme(£aiy the turkeys, will give a |ood acoottnt of
come toAaturity. The grasshoppers need frighten wbody.
«er drawback is said to be the cKmo<ect/'<A« ^brtj r«^^
mot reprosent bftter the *• true fawardness of th^North West /
late than by qnofcfag a few of the statemente of Frofesser John
on. F li. S.. a mntleman whose general fatelligenoe, disfaterested
S^id pwrtdeaP^p^wje of anlfa the NorSwest it would be
BsinMtefrom 4r»port by Pwf. Mmouu, 2«ih December, 1879.^/ 'Ike
I of aatnmn lafas fa Uie west is a pric^eisB boon, as it enaUes the
» to ihresh and harvest his gram without fai«ry and besides givee
exeetlMktimds when he needs th^m most. /
«(.^
..The pr^gr-M of the .^«- "^ «»« ^ij?^?!*^^?^^"??!
theh&rondiMip.te.thetnKhtoovertago^^^^ together M ,the
Sowing commence.. ^8««^»y8 ^J. £e«2 l»nn^S owing to the
Jround i. quite dry, and in a few dayi XS^,? ^ moisture from the
i7t .un-htoe. The root, receive ,"« •^JJJ^'f^tSiwghth.mi^^^
thawing wil (below), and fo\\o^^ngi^';r^'T^m ^^t^^,,
pore, opened in it by it. agency !>«•*«*• ^^JJ, ^^Z. By the*^time the
Wo feet), all the time throwmg o"\i^X^^S rwSihave formed and the
5n. and heat ot fl^^^^J^^^l^^^^^ZtiTo^g to the openinj
crop nwhe. to quick ""^^^y' ,?*" the ^l that the enprmou. crop. <3
power of the fro.* a. to the jertil ty of the wii wa^ ^ cootin»e, w
IheNorth Wertaredue and a. long M^e^«^^^^^ j^ ,„^ the
long will the root, penetrate »J« *»• ■^u^
ineihau«tible rewrvoir. which I •^"f*' *" *y«J«^ ^ ^eaw, and for ten
"^ "After the middle of Auffift the rwj. ajmow^o^^ ^^^ ^ ^^
weelui ««cely a .hower of mnT^l-^g^^g^^e f^^
.11 neoewary work before the long wmwww i retult. are
Snlytothi cllm«te of the whole North Weet wd Jhe urn^ ^^
I??rJ.Sere ob«,rved o^ *^ tS S^Xr^iS.?.^e hardnew
territory. One important ^""^^^^^J^Xyit. Another, eqnally
and inoreawd wefght of the gt^n <2"«^„^^y rience of the laet two .
Important, i. the c«rin« of naW hay, «^„Xt X h°"^ '^^ °*"^* -"^
month. (November and Dwember) ha. bwnt^ ^y
K.r ti collect their own food on the Prj^J^J^*J,ttle Mid horJe.. but
.took-rai-er. k^ow that^ i- no^ ^^^hich^^^c^^n in Ontario and^J
tho«> rtomuiof .leet or wft mow, y^^\'^ ^ tho«> are rwely w«y^
KMtem Province, (and State.), aucn "o™" . |^^ November to
S^Nortlr We.t. and the cattle are "^J^W TthlwinSi of the Nortsb
%1 Maiiy inteUigent penjow are irfr^^;^^^ their^w^
We.t,a.theymearoretheooldbytheJ^ben^^ ^^^^^ ^^.
wnrfbilitie.. It iinot.by J^J.^^^^^^' J?2Jx>rf^^
ni««ired, but thejumdi^of ^atm^^ew^-^^ ^f ^^^ ^^^^
i. it. oQld m«wured by.iJ^^A ^ti^„o wimmon thing to we^* rwu.
notloed a few degr^ ®*£**i!?l?Lr«ifl thermometer waalielow freerfbg
riding in » owtijrithoutWro^^
p^i» J. A. Wheelock, Commisjio^^ ^ ^o :-
M fttUowi concerning the »tmo«phewpftwo»^^ of temperature
"The dryne- oirltfie •*'>!2?*C.2r^The Softer Jia. fii^nexitiy
Without We th^in '»«^^*S^tori4 Inj^to vegetation. In the
been noticed at «y^««- ^g^I rd^oSo^w examplS. the heat pane,
danpmimmer ev^ingsof *^^ •^"S^f™L ^]mU. Froet. devdop
off rapidly froi» the mfa«e of tM«jthMg^^ ^
under «ih ci"*-""*"!!* •^ JiJ^^^
oonrtant1^hofmoi.tar6^a^jdgedeU«^ which to
T^rrltorto.. and mora £» " «2.Z^t^ ti^^^^^ >«»P«5^
doctor of heat, •"J-^JS^SSrStaS « ptaateTand we flnd^
Ui. lncroMini ©old to not felt by vkwit ^^^JZ^ vMetatkm i» not
^nSTrap^ido.*^/.^^ it
The liier«a«» of diyneaa *» *WMir W* »JWJ S. from a temp«li»ture
wariiiptottogfor man « b-rt* and wij w^^^^g^^^^^^^ than
10 dagteM helow
;h lyk^ in tenta withoottTOi thy
^
uidman
in April
ifldiatoly
M ,th«
I to th«,
rom th«
I minute
ih (often
time the
i and tlie
opening
t orope of
ttinae, lo
from the
[ for t«i<
me to do
kcteristica
)raltii are
miles of
hardness
, eqtudly
Blast two .
cattle do
hay. All
lOries, but
io and ^e
ly seen^in
vember io
the North
their own
should be
B humidity
men never
see a ayn
>wfreenbg
iota, wrote'
Mrs ago :—
emperature
fr^ueiitly
m. In the
heat passes
Bts develop
ktttre. The
donfeebled
r which in
L sweep the
North West
I a non-oon-
emperature,
a we find a
atioo is not
act with it.
inor^^MO of
temmiratare
m^ir^tban
In omolttslon, aftw sev^n yi«P» rtudy of aU av^lUbl. inatorial and
oonsSit oSerration, I can itatefas a faot that our peculiar f injts. *.
fl^uMd bv the ffreat Aroerioin Ddeert, which in fact oommenoe s at the iqp
S^i.S^«ac^»SrS>r>^^^ and .xt«id. with little iuterrup-
Son t^e bJiniS of (ifiorn*r The winds pasdng over it ds^d on
ouTinteX plaiuTSviugoJit heaf and moisture In the •«>«"'•' ^d in the
Xtor wimppSg t^^^ whoi country in a mantle of dry air which moderates
Jh?dLi3 much that Sithout ie aid of a th«mom<rt.r no oj»« wouW
believlrthe cold was so iirtense. We then have a dry. dear, cold winter;
adS sprSig, with brigKt sunshine ; a warm summer with abundance o|
^7bK5 necessariiya cloudy atmosphere and a dry, -;;•»>• .f"*^
wSSi wosslbly a snow sirm about the eauinox." An atmosuhere Uke thif,
Irtth rSil o? abounding fertility, extending ^ ^/•«S*"i,2^*^"'S5S*^';ii
UsirMtent, causes mTto feel that tb<J words of I^rd Beaoonsfleld were
thL"u faT^Sng statesman, and that our oreat North West is truly a
SS^df *uSmSSle/possibiUties." From all that 1 have learned from
and from personal experience, not a little In the
United BUtes and CWda, I have come to the
, In Great Britain the thermometer ;ievor sinks so
United SUtes and Canada, but there the winters are
jd uncomfortable \than here. Ctaada, as a whole, is
ited States as a whole, althouah in many parte <rf the
falls as low as any part- of the former. For three
ThlTe se^ the" thermometer stand at 26» or 26® Wow
a gale all the time, in the southerly part of the Btete
.nited Kingdom,
following condttsi
low as it does in t
more disagreeable
colder than the U
latter the therinq:
successive days
John, New Br/nswiok. and 6 n Onterio, ind \,^*J^ F^^^V^^l
thermometer mbre than U*> of 16^ Wow sero. North A^*^^ *"»••»
rule, except oShe coasts of the Atlantic or the Pacific, about lOf colder
S the w£ier/than in similar latitudes in Europe.- and i^ th Jsummer
mbout the sami number of degrees wanner th»n ij^urope. CMM"* ^
mean* of heating houses are, however, acoomm«lated to the cir<|imBtanoee
StlS^wse. sf Skt no more discomfort is felt from cold In America than
in Eorope, 4>r any more in the North than in the SouUi ; n
indeed,.as7proper arrangements are made ». "»• ^»J"»'
Mglected b^wuse usually not needed in the South, and then
snap domei as it sometimes does, and oftener ^lan is usni.
thepeoplelaflferteriil)!/. There is in EnK^jptteiraUy aver
and mistaken notion about the cold of Canadian winters.
Bupposedthat it is almost at the risk of being loosen te
ventures out of doors in the depth of winter th^ it involves
noses at least, $nA a chronic oonditoon of shivering, ■»« su
fort Nothimg could weU be farther from tl^e iact. ^I haVe
deal more than half my past life on this si^e of the A
Bid my nose nor tpea frosen yet, and haV^boen^nt
SO mudi,
'which are
hen a cold
/ •uppoifd,
exaggeriml
t is usually
>tfa that one
tzentoeft and
disoom-
lived a good
lantits and never
nimch as most
peopled the ooldeS^adUn winters tfl>e*#ave been ^j^^ ^»^^,y«^
past and have driven myself in my owaop^ cutter or sleigh 70 «»•• »
^single day and that oni of the coldest ^ ^^'^f^^'^^Sj^
thorougly ie dear cold, bracing/exhilerajnir, healUi-J^^^^^ •'??S*'!S
I vastfy prefer it to tie damp, marrowMuHng, defressinff. dark and
dr«S wcSSmt of tl»e winters of the Fat¥eriand. The ^0^"^ jmtew
ne^rSghSTnobody. The North Wf t winters are the best kipd/ of
C^UMdian winters. /
s
s
f
s
s
r
s
s
s
s
s
s
\
«?«'
■vV
UJ-
«w n^i^^ RtiktM as a Field for Settlement by
^•lS~U ^fro" the O.Bit«i KU^dom
and elaewlier©. ^
|h«r* «m b* no qo«rtion. ^^ ^ 8,7^?^?^^^^ both b good.
It h- almo.t •very variety of toU and ^J^^JJ^^ « ^ qmaUi- or
I would hw no meMt "»j5^,.'*Ju*J3iSSa« ni*ny y«*«Md like
the ooqntry and th« pwnle. ,™^ wh«n. erery thlnV«)ntld«n|d. the
flrtt ••taement until % few J^m mo, VzZm^imntJnt to all indoa-
Kit3f8ui-Pi-««»::djjw^^^^ Butth.t
trioua coman then perhaps •"^j^*' J^"!Sn^ „« by reilwayi in all
Umeii|»at. Whentheoountrybyntobeopenjaup 7 ioellent
di^oSr and 'WiS'lt^^.'^W^oSSJ K »1 5fi, or » ?'»*»^
- quidlty could be obtained ^V*^*^^ J^^wt K Thi ImmigranUi
shillinn per acrei th«t wai the ?®'*'J~7°',£;Lj u is not to now.
ThePedenaGoTemmenthajnomoregooaum i^Wi wayor
h^ro the Stale Govemmentit ^l^'^il^^^^^tions or bought by
•"^StnF Tlf^arir^oLiSSe"^^
- good land, simply because it was ^^J^^ SMntalna. is a desert A
SfSe country W that rirerto the ^^^
tract axttoding awten dy^ of to^<ivnj>« ^j^j a„|n fo,
Texas, and Mm two to four ^"J^'SSir knSwn as Peter Parley,
iSSenL Samuel G»J»:J«1* ^^^'^jT^i^r rt«^ ««<», •»»««
Sys of this «*loa : " The soUi of tW. ^''^J^^ yj. ««k^
dititute of trees, •^^ ,f^J^^lL^ ^^rSha plants. l?early the
l5,mTel or sand, PJT"Hl2r„»?rf2£S?iSt of Oie ySar, or presents the
whole region is either desUtute ™J»**f /t-f^ jw^^ Many parts are
ihauaftraveUmr o^*^^'^'^l^J^^^ cultftaW yet
whitened with saHne«fflw«0Bn2.Ittojns^
in the rainy season it is teatertad »7 J^^JW^ ^ ^^ ^f wUd horses,
^"hJwSch afford Pf»turage toli erds of biso«^fl^« ^^ ^ ^
SSuther animals." ''The IndiaJ^P«JJ«^^^^^ rT'^ Is no£
rSSSnrtlTe sp«» i. l«ftJ<J<^2^^
eicisnotnowtobeobtaiiied. . ^ 71 a the author of the article
"United Sates*' speiscf this region M^a^J^g^S^^ during a
wUutplyde.T&'rfJ^^
part of the year paniiied ™ <^r^.fodKnia. Ot«g«m and Wash*
ETJdd^-eibracinjthe grytor mrt^^
ingtcaterritory -"^ J^jj^ ^^J ^"l^^uA'th^^^ ^^ 5»«
^
▼iaieya between the coastrange ana tne i^wauo, — -^v ^^- -
A
16
it by
{dom
ounlry
aalitiw.
bgood.
litics or
md Ilk«
from itt
trad, th«
11 indiMM
But thftt
ji in all
ixo«ll«nt
\ British
mignuats
•o now.
I, n«tther
e way or
oaght by
»r atuin-
r,nor MBT
up mnon
ir portion
Iflwrt i^
Ouudato
unfit for
ur Parley,
id, almost
ar« rocka,
Saarly the
■esenta the
r parts are
fatioD,yet
loecai^onali
m horse^
.^ndUlilii
It is no«i
le BO much
mt." Thii
yefrs ago,
did in Iowa,
' the article
1 the North
lid daring li
dfic slope,"
and Wash*
rally sterile,
in, and the
i irra KeYi i dft,
ate Tery fertile, and the same may he add of a flnr ▼alleys and slopes along
the Wasatch and Rocky Mountains, though these %im bettor adapted to
pasturage than anything else. Tlieneat inland b«rin of Utah, whl^ In-
dudea. besides Utah, parts of New Mexico, OaUfomia, Oregon and Wash-
ington, is probably the most desoUte portion of the United States. It
abounds In salt lakes, and ther4 are oiay a lew valleys whet* the eoilac-
qaiies by Irrigaaoilf enough ferUUty to alford a support for man. Thet
portion of the basito of the Be4 RiTer which belongs to the United States
is confined to the small traoto In the northern part ofDakoU imd Minnesota
it contains some very produotiTe lands, espedally in the riter bottoms."
It cannot be reasiiiiably suppoeed that this writer would misrepresent, or
seek to depreciate this portion of the great coutitry of which he was himself
a natire and a representatiTe man. This gre«t American desert really
oommenosi in the Canadian North Wait in a small trianguly lection ooter-
ering a fcw thousand acres, and eztendiiig from the boundarr line aU the
way to Tbzas, a distance of nearly a thousand miles, or over fifteen degreee
ot laUtude. It will be obserTcd that it is stated aboTS that the only good
land in all that Immense rejgion is in a small portion of the north part of
Dakota and Minnesota, andthat is when it borders on the Canadian North
West* But what as" to good land is the raie eioeption in all that great
portion of the United Btatei, is with very few exceptions uniformly the
case in the North West of C&nada. At the boundary liito between the
United States and Ctaiada at 4»* north taUtude the ftrtlle belt of the
continent has just been reached. In all the States east of the MissisaippI,
as'a rale, the land that is of any Talue kie agricultural purposee has been
taken up, so that immigranta nave no dbanoe of obtaining good nrtile
ftrms unless they are prepared to purohaee them at high prioee, which,
lirould uaually be Ikr beyond their means.
Great and persistent efibrts havefor years been msde by interested iit«>
ties, railroa4 companiee, land epecuUtors, Ac., in the U. S., by cira^ars
Cmphlets and wholesale adTertleements, to induce people m>m thaFa^er
ids to come to, purchase and-settle on theis land*, and to a great extent tney
have succeeded. The repreimtations by which they succeeded were jwy
often grow ezaggrations of fa^ts. "The best lands in the world" « the
only ftult the land has is that it is (oo richjor some kinds of crops," "rich
in minerals," " idth no long winters," " with free pssses oyer tbe railway,
and long credits," "one tenth down the rest when it suite you," "the
most healthy dimate in the world." with these and such inducements as
these placarded over the chjef railway stations in Europe, and printed i&
hundreds of periodicals, and floods of pamphlets, people unacquainted
with the real &cto hate been induced to go in thousands and teiM of
thousands to the Western and North Western States and inTSsi their
Uttle alls. In some cases, especially from ten to twenty years ago, when
good lands were plenty, settlers succeeded very well, but in many nses
even then, and in most dases of late years, the result has been ruin. Poor
land, unhealthy dimate, loss of health, loss of crops and oonsitaait dw
oouragemant, bring the poor, duped, over-ocnlflaing imnugraiits to broken
hearts and paup^gKAves. ' Jjk , _,, , LU
Some years ago the commoab among i^tegUng fmigran^ iTas
" Kansafr-Kansas— Ho for Kansas/' and Kansas wB^eld forth as the
Eldorado of their hopes; and so it was with other Western States.
Kansas and other States contain to-day tens of thoortuids who wokM
gladly go back to their native lands or liny other place if they oonld, but
fever and ague, the sJboAM^ as it is commonly called out there, and Mor,
nnsaleablelimds hAve produced their natural resoli— temporal nun. Here
b • copy of . l.tf r wri«^ j>7J>J^,J2J^^ mor. :
•uch a on* mlfht be. nay, »»•• »>~" "'"^^ ' ^ .
» WitSOH CJOITimr, KAKtAi, l
.-. -■/■;• ^\;;' April 27. 187«- f;.-/v ,.i,-
Siu^nd think th.««.»^eiwrlMM"J'«™«^^^^^ , pl„lo th*
rz-rurr-i^ri^'^'-'''-'^ "■ ♦"-^•^ ""•"' M
^•. 1«« than cott. . --„_t-y -h«r« th« timt of wjng
'W««wn« to ftnd a gw*\ •\«* °° ♦S^f^BSTill winter. W« tod R
' and a«ah-produclng only three or lour mo ^^^ ^^^ ^•'^J^f
iKd a gi^ wheat and com oountijr , we nna ina ^ ifty bnAele
^nJU their ieed, Corn fW» ^^\^ ^ntry, but eo far t motby,
•nS. Wee«pectedtoflSJatame^grt«^
^ver and blue gra» (iaUed, and "»• «"™!JJu_ oUmate ; we And It alokly ,
• W JStS; here tS find • f^f "X" Ing ie^^ terrible, to much
iidtheratiiof inortalfW iMt^^^^ „., « That the moat -
wTcame to th?" sunny South," whwe the ^ »; (^ fl„d a great
we fiad cSue freeae to deatt laevejTr l<«dlt^. J'^^^^a. We came to
7mlt country ; we and our p^J^^d^^^
find a bradng air ; we ha*e «>""°"!J' headway againat the wind. We
wangleof Wft'« <*•««*• ***s'?lf the Hcha^^ high taxea; our
SnJSTlere to eaipe the oppr«i^« °L*^SuS, and doi not pay^tny
1tt« range from i06 to la per cent OT
SlM wlfcame to find homea for *J« j»<;f *{^i ^^e would be glad to get
.hut off S half price. Jn ahorT^b-^vegoi ;^^pp^
the rery worst way, and •▼•"f/ "JJ" wTcame to the country that waa
Md want* to get out of the country. ^J/^f ^wIm with poverty and
-.'^tumUt JioM will •«''>«••,%" i"**" J. „_„,_ K, doioK ■» we li"e
^,
19
';;
}
It , . < .
at thii :
ght be •'
in th«
aooni-
jm agOt
anU a
lOOit MB
til for
Ming
t flndil
Atritioui
c»tn« to
htftnot
rb«Mli«lf \
timothy»
ill thMB*
it Biokly,
10 muoh
thamott
rerblowj
idftgTMt
1 came to
neWei at
ind. We
ijtea; our
Kyany-
ndleaa;
(lad to get
s got ua In
foouraged,"
J that was
overtr and
re' labor la
Bd by good,
liled : ihoee
;ely floored.
Ciiniaa. If
lerwisei yott
;W«at,who
; as we have
desert of a
lames to by
more podUre proof If newled, ami Mk that thb whole article oMy to
pobllshed for the M^e of troth. . „ ^
M. O. Avamtix,
J. T. DooouuM.
The forcing was >aMlshed In a KaSMs newspaper, and ^tlrely
■tresa with other deaoriptions. I hsre heard from neople who resided
there, end others who publUhecl their experienoes. Prof. Henry, of the
Hmlthsonlan Instltole, Washington. D. C, speaking of the expforaUons,
under the auspioes of the U. H. Goremment, of the region between the
Mississippi and the Itocky MounUlns, tells us these slartlln| facto:—
"That the wsstem progrt$» of Ito population has nearly rmeh»d IM
•ElrmM wmUm UmU of the areas aTallable for settlement, and that the
whole spMM west of the ninety-eighth psrallel, embracing one half of the
entire snrfkce of the United Htotes, m an arid and d^att waaU with the
exception of a narrow belt of rich land along the Psd^c coast.
Sen. W. B. Hasen, U. 8. A., an offloer of hl|h sliding, liT ^ oJcW
^port to his Government, which was published in the New York JJf*^
ffives a long account for which I have no room here, but which •*«»•*/
oonilrms Jl the above sUtemento. I t<ke from It only the foUowla|
brief extract : ♦ » i_ t. '^
' ** Myown quarters are situated on the second bench of the banks of
the MlaMorl, at about fltty feet sbove the stream, and six hundred yards
•way from It ; and to raise a flower-garden, ten feet by forty, the P^t two
years, has required s dally sprinkling of three hwrels of water, for which
we were repaid by about three weeks of flowers.'^ _ j
"The site of this garden is supposed to be exceptionally fruitful, but
I have before me a letter from Mr. Joseph Anderson, of St. Paul, Minn.,
' who was hftv contractor at this post In 1872. His letter sUtes that In
order to find placea to cut the hay required by hts oontra43t this season,
some 900 tons, he was compelled to jearch over a space of country on the
north side of the river 26 miles In extent In each direction fh>m the post,
or some 400 square miles, snd that there was none thick enough to be cut
for as gnat a distance beyond. Respecting the agricultural ▼«la«_,of. «"
country after leaving the excellent wheal-growlnir valley of the Red River
of the north, following westward one thousand mllee to the Sierras, except-
ing the very limited bottoms of the small streams, as well as thoee of the
Mlasoori and Yellowstone, fnm a few ynrda In breadth to an oooaslowsl
water^washed vidley of one or two miles, and the narrow vall^ of the
itreams of Montana already settled, and a small area of timbered country
in North Western Idaho (probably one-fifteenth of the whole) this country
will not produce the fimlts and oereals of the west for want of inolstar«,
and can in no way be artificially Irrigated, and will not In our day and
generation aell for one penny an acre, except through fraud and lanorance,
and moat of that, here excepted, will have to be Irrigated artlflcally. I
write this, knowing ftiU wrtl Uiat It will meet wiUi contradiction, but Ae
oontradiotion wUl be a fklaehood. The ooontrr batween the lOOUi
meridian and the Sierras— Uie Rio Grande to Oie British nosMseions wlU
never develop into popnlous States for want of moisture. Ito counterpart
is Ibnnd in the'plaiiia of NorOiem Asia and in Wastmrn Europe We
look in vain for thoee expected agricoltural settiemento along this Kaasaa
and Union Paoifie ndlroads. between tiieae two lii|es, and 20 yean henoe
the search wiUbe^nite as frultiees. * * • My stattmenta are made
from the piraotical experience and observation of eighteen yeus mUitary
, aervioe as an officer of the army, ninoh of which has been tm the aoawtf
~^^ — 2 — r~~ — ~ ~~^ — ~~ — ■'■■ :• ' ;.-■ — ~
...}
y
''¥■
tad bcMfiff n|M"J t)M r«inAlnd«r of my lite m a Amntr For oondrm**
Uoo o« wLli T ^v* ••i'l, I r«ii|>^'tftilly t*i» th« r«Mi«r to (i«n«rttl (I. K.
Warrmi, of th* JCngioMr C>)r|Mi of th« army, who mm\m a ■cicntifio
•spUMmtloci of thii 0(nintf7, extMiding through Mrtral y«l^^ »iid baa girtp
iM our only MruraU map of it ; or to Prof. Ilaydan, for tha pant Mvaral
raar* angagad uijoa a aimiUr arork. Tha tatUmony of CJovamor Htaphani,
Oaneral Fratnont and Llaut Mullana !■ that cf anlbutiaaUo travallan
and diaouTarara, whoaa daaoripiiona ara not ftjily boma out by mora
prolongad and intimata knowlcdga of the country."
Buoh official aocounta aa thtaa, mada b]r man of inoh atanding, maaiia
of information and diiiotaraatednaM, ara of f anr graat ralua, thair Import'
anca cannot ba aasily oftr-aatimatad. Thay nara no object to eei^a by^^
making miiatatementa, and thay would not make them if thay had— th^
ara abora euf picion. Xj|
All thia ought to baiulBcIent to oonvlnoa intending amigranU tMf
the United Statea have no longer any lolUble field for their iettiemea|
«Dd that thay muat look elaawhera.
1 may parhapa here ba permitted to lay that my iole object in writinf
Ihia la not to ui^aatly depredate the Unit^ SUtea, or unwarranUbly
"ixatt Canada, but to put aa nur aa ptaoticable before the |>eople who reqalra
li, oomot information on a eubject of, to thfoi, vital importance.
When I firat read tlioae otteranow||i^bould with diffloalty believe
them true, and that waa a main fkctor in<fKe combined reaaona that led ma
' lettar.
<■;'
ah
Tl
II
^% ^
to viait it and Judge for mrielf, and then Ifound it true to the.
TraTelling over the Northern Pacific Railroad In October laat to Iti
tarmiooa In Montana, X wrote the following, every word of which la lober
truth. , ■ ' " \
From the eaatera border of th«l| Red River valley, lay 20 milea eaat of
Pftrgo^ to Biamarok,
\. , TBI SOIL "*
of it unanrpaeeed. For. about 160 milea from the opm-
elt OQ the eaetem verga of the Red River ralley
b gpod, vpKSli or It unanr
menb^ment Of the fertila be!
the ootintry eeenu as good in all reapecta aa is to be found ai
worid oter. The soil is generally deep, ^k, rich, and ex<
to gratify the moat' exacting. It la well ^ered and haa
Ml Beyohd that, oir from 60 n^il«a eaat of Bismarck,
inanflM«Qt, okI the ground becomes alkaline. Beyond the Missouri these
conditions ,
du
M, much intensified so that the
sammer, and the ground is
rainfall almost wholly
•a iHUULIKB
% kiqi of soda as wiUi a snow shower, and
rher^ ^ere are an/, and the little ponds that
"are thl
pn, and
iJKMtli the salfne excrescence, so that the
i trwis not until I tested it that I could be
that it is CO
the little slui
are not whol
water api
persuaded it wai not Ice ;\lkit thnt again it was demonstrated that often
'^ things are not what thcVyem." This continues not only to the western
bonndarjr of DSakota but intb Montana as fiur as I went, to Glendive on the
YellowBlone, and how far beWd I do not perscmallT know, although it is
said to be to the base of the wkr Mountains. iMor Is this surprising,
for we are now in the very heart of^ what has long beoi called the Qreat
American Desert, about which from boyhood we hare read in our
geographies. \
It seem84t great pitj that sudb an extensive r^on of such deep and
fertUe ioil (for U is manifastly rfyJi in tsfetaMfl pro^ndng qqwitiss)
r. .^.,
IM
t(
r<
w
a
tl
t4
tl
(
i
H
I
' ■
t
I
I
<
.' *
#
HI**.
>«honl<l n«o«««rilT oontinaa uninhabited mv« ^ **» w»»«l«f». moanUlii
•h««p and btiflklooih th« l«U«r of whlflf •« Wnf rmpWIr «^fiili»teA
Thin IdM In th« form of • iiuMliun (^{aMitlr foKBtd limit on my^™«»f ;
If |h« OMtor did not danign Ihla coUnti7 to m atftiMd by nM. wliAt did
"" It for? If UwMftlwajtw>MldMdtt«rll«M
liflocnt Mid -jf
IMWBNU VBUITABUI OBOWTIU
lat by thdr dcfMtits throagh th* •««• prodoowl Oib dm durk, riab
AOil? There •uruly roiwt h«v« b^n a time and • T«ry long Ubmi wn«» »
^WM pot thuis whan thoM brond tdleyii and wild pl«iM w«i« thlokly
»00T«^ wUh imm«nM Tef«t*ble prodnctlows wid thoM inmraM Ugnil«
Mwnui oropDlhg out on th« f»oe of avery decll?lty ipotk ■■ with teomoj*
toDfuca and thunder lon«« of tlmaa long goM by wh«i IhflM b»r«, wida
rMohing regions waved with magnlfloMit foreeta. But thi ^'M from
within— for much of the country there is yoionnlo— tiid tlm fires tnm
without, and thn oTerflowlng floods, haTt swept them nil aipay, laaTlng
the soil and the lignite and the mound shaped oones, and th« scoria to
teU that oQoo they wofo. And then the question oama, cMiMiB do any-
thing to ' '
\)^
miirroRK thesb riJtiNa
,«* w
to fertility and adapt them to human inhabitation f And If no. what
And this response would inntantly arise : Yes, these troelflM plains and
yeniureless Talleysr-verdurelwia save only forihe palo-groon '*il*^^~r
might bo made to bloom and bloasom as a garden that tho Lap hnto
blessed. And how T The modu» ojnara^ the proowa of rjdifciatioo, •
seems so proaaic, so plain, not to say self^vident. to tho tlio«j|htn|^nd,
that the wonder is that it has not been not only thoMht of bat fBoom-
plished,atleastinitsbwinnings. The means are already provided. Thoy
are on the arid groond, ready when nuturaily applied to pr«duo»^thoee
desirabK reswlts. The means or causes are, at every suiUble plao^ d over
the land; at the outlet of every valley.on those little stream^ not yet drfcd up,
i>Jai trim' vtt I ■
M with mill-pond embankment, thus making thousands^of pond» and
little lakeik The summer heats will evaporate millions of tons of water
out of trery one of these lakes, which will UHl in rmin all ofer tho la»d at
iuterrals, and the aoonmalated waters will ailbrd an abundant rapplf for
Irrigation, while the cultivation of the soil and the Tegetable growths will
not only letwn the water as it fidls, bat absorb and^ again etolve it Jor •
farther Md ft^MBl nse. As this goes on, and tlie br^dth of xmlUTjed
land increases the ftoistura wUl inoxMse, so that in time so many lAes .
will not be needed, and thra the groond can be reclaimed by simply lettfag
off the water. Then diould an exoeptjionally dry season come, it can be
stopped up and aocnmnl«l«d again ss necenity reqniree.
Wbat makes tile difibrenoe as to rainfkll in WiMionain, MinneM>ta,
Eosteni Dakota, Manitoba and the Northwest of Oaaada generally, on the
vone hand, and Western Dakota, Montana, Wiroming, Idaho, Kansas, Ac, '
on the other ? The former have almost oonntless pbndi and lakes, so that
they ha?e abundant rains; the latter toaroely any. If a oomnuratiTely^,
- similar lacustrine condition can be produced in the latter as in the formw,
a similar condition as to moisture must neoessarily follow. It can b9,
prodooed in Wt8t«it Dakota, That it ihodd be ia self-eridont.
r
I ■■ -:.
m
m
IX:. i
If. I'
m
• 1
1 II
WOUU> IT PATt
It would pay a thoiuand per cent. It would make worthlcM land
immensely ralaable. The United States Government •honld unite with
the Northern Pacific Bailway Company in doins the work and sharing
the expense. They would be mutually benefitted, as they each own'
alternate sections alone the whole line for 40 miles on each side of it ;
that is to say, a belt of Umd 80 miles broad aeroai half a continent. ^
I need not, therefore, say that west of the Missouri Biver I consider
the land from Uiese causes wnolly unfit for settlement at present
As to the
* OOST OV TBXSB LANDS,
R. M. Newport, Land Commissioner, says of the land east of the Missouri
Biver : " Prices are made aooerding to location, that west of the Missouri
Biyer being placed at $2.60 per acre."
Men who have a good deal of money can get a good farm in Northern
Minnesota or Eastern or Northeastern I)akota— not othenrise.
The great Dalrymple Farm, of 80,000 acres, is in Eastern Dakota, 1$
miles west pf f^argo, the finest &rm perhaps in the world. On it I saw
eitheif 89 Or 40 four-horse plows plowing two fbrrows each in one
field, the driver sitting on a seat like ihat of a sulky and with his foot
controlling a lever that controlled the plowing. It was plowing
almost brought to peHiection ; I say almoBt, for I have no doubt that ere
longitwillbe
BON* BY STXAM,
br better still and cheaper, too, by electricity. The sum of $890,000 was
said to be tiie net profit on the wheat crop of the Dalrymple fann this
year ] 881. Thene are hundreds of millions of acres of as good land in the
Canadian North West as the Dalrymple farm. To most men a quarter
section or a half section— that is one quarter or half of a square mile, 160
or 820 acres— is an estate large enough for all their wants or capability of
manasement, and these are to be had almost for the asking in the
Caniraian North West. ' •
Canada as Field for Kmigrants from Europe.
All the Dominion of Canada has much good land fit for settlement-^
some of it, as ik New Brunswick and the fpee»i North West, to be obtained
free by actual settlers. New Brunswick has been very much underrated
abroad as a field for settiers. The soil is usually fertile, prodnmng large
crops of all kinds of cereals and vegetables. I never saw finer v^table .
products than were exhibited last autumn in this city at the Provincial
Exhibition. They were from all parts of tike Dominion, even Manitoba,'
and there was nothing better than what was produced in tiiis Province,
and tiie ovij larg^-^ruits I ever saw were some that grew on the Pacific
coast in Gahfomia, which were of mammoth proportions.
The lands in New Brunswick are, however, heavily timbere^' and
require a liuge uaonnt of heavy work to dear theground so as to be^ for
cnitivati<m. People brought up in the United Kingdom generally know
jiittie or nothing of tiie use of the axe in cutting down md cutting up great
fbrest trees, and are, therefore, at agreat disadvantage on a new uum inich
^ .'•
r
31
L
M New Bnmiwiok mlibrds. It is all the nme in lUl the Maritime Pro-
▼fnoee, in Qaebeo and Ontario. In the North West, which includes
ManitoK KeewaUn, the North West and Peace Biver Territoiy, there are
handrads of millions of acres of prairie land that requires only alight
ploughing to fit it for raising most magnificent crops.
There are man j people in all the Provinces east of Manitoha to the
Atlantic who have fine well cleared farms ^ho are desirous of selling out,
and would sell at low prices in order to move lo Hie North West and f«rm
it on a large scale. Many of the people comins from the old countries
across the ocean who have some means would do wisely and well in buy-
ing out those would-be migrators ; they would avoid all the hardships and
inoonvttiienaes of a new country, about which they know nothing, and in
many cases are not capable of undergoing ; they Wuld have houbes and
bams ready built, land cleared, fenced, and everything ready, for them to
go to work. I am strongly of the opinion that ,that would bV the best
policy for many people coming direct firom the United Kingdom who have
a little means, say one or two thousand dollars, two to four hundred
pounds. People who h*ve little or no funds, but have youth, strength
and determinaUon, should of course go to the North West, where, with
Industry, eoraomy and perseverance, they may soon have houses and lands
free of rent forever, such as they never saw or imagined. Such people
could locate 160 acres as a homestead and go to work on the railroads, in
making which thousands of able-bodied men will beemjployed at g^
wages, for jat least the next ten years, each day's work bringing sufficient
to pay foriftnother acre of land or provide stock, Ac., for what they already
have. The man also iHitIb a family and a few hundred dollars can do the ^
same with equal or greater fitdlity ; two or three of them could work the
farm and the others make money as just indicated. In a few years they -
would be comparatively wealthy, that is to skv, provided they were
industrious and economical, temperate and moral people. Some people
from the general worthlessness of their character are of no account, any- '^
where, and such people are not wanted in the North West nor anywhere
else in this country. Those also who have laige means should go to the
North West, as there they could pnrchase large estates for a comparatively
small amount of capital that to their posterity would bring indepen4ent
fortunes. In no other country in the world are there such {ffand
opportunities for laying the foundations of fortunes as there are at the
present time in the I^rth West. A fow thousand pounds judiciously
invested now would pay better than a«ything of which I have any know-
ledge, and increase u value every year for at Jeast half a century. Thus
men of means could give all their children a fine property and have the
. pleasure and advantiwe of locating them near each other, instead of S9atr
tered the wide world over. Thus friendship instead of estrangements
among relatives would be provided for and perp«tttated, by many to be
deemed no inopnsiderableprivil^^.
Zbe North Weat of the Dominion of Canada offers to-day^ the largest
and best field for oolonixation that exists in the world, especially for the
inhalHl^ts of the B^tish Islands. , . . .
Thoxhistory of European emigration shows that cmonizatibn has
snooeeded only in climates Uke that of North America. Hot climates are
iinhealthy for Europeans. Africa is a failure in this respect ; so in South
America. Australia and New Zealand, so far as they have succeeded, did
so by the most-daading glare, but mainly fictitious lUre, of gold. In for-
mer ages the richest countries were those in which nature's bounties most
abounded, but now they we those in which man is most active„and indus-
\
'5^-
■\.
v"
/ t.....
n
rif
triout. In the North Wwt the foriner condition exists in the highest
dcc^ree, and all that is wanted for the latter is the introduction in samoient
nnmhtn of the surplus population of the Anglo-Saxon race in Europe.
There both the essentials of wealth will exist in the highest degree. The
fertile soil insures abundant returns to the intelligent labors ef the indus>
trions huslMuidman. /
Before proceeding to consider |be productions of the Canadian North
West it may be well to ask and aflwer a question which has been often
asked and not always oorrectly answered. " If the Canadian North West
is the magnificent.^udtry it ia now represented, how and why is it that
its greatness and gocidness have remslned so long unknown to all the
worn?*' Answer— It was not unknown to all the world. It was known
to a large number of people, but they were people who deemed it for their
interests to exdude all but themselves and their employes. The Hudson
Bay Company held a ohwter, granted by Charles II. of England in 1670,
of nearly all the North West British North America. The company
had power to make laws, constitutions and ordinances and to enact pains
and penalties for their violation. No other subjects of Great Britain than
the few forming the company were at liberty to visit the ports, rivers,,
idands or territories granted, and all else were expressly forbidden to visit
or trade within the company's wide domain, without their spedal license.
The company's main object was the obtainment of fun^and they
deemed it important to their Interesti^ to exdude all others from Uieir
territories, and would not sell land to settlers, nor allow even squatters,
except in the case of thdr own employes.
At this time of Confederation the Canadian Government purchased
from this company the whole North West Territory, with the exception
of a small reservation. Of course the whole is now open for settlement,
the company being also anxious to dispose of what they still retain.
Settlement on a laif;e scale has, however, been hitherto prevented by want
of access. But now that railways run into the territory, and the Canada
Bftdfic is being made through the heart of the country to the Padfic ocean,
and that otiber railways in all directions will soon follow, that great
country is for the first tune made accessible to settlers. It is a duty owed,
to the landlesi in the old countries tCLinform them of the opportunity now
offbred them to easily obtain an independent position in that great fertile,
healthful bind. To perform that duff I write this, as I have no personal
or pecuniary interest in the North West.
Aclvantages of the North- West.
We are now prepared, it is to be hoped without dther prejudice or
fanatidpn, to look at a few of the advanti^ or resources or the North
West. . ■
1st. Its geographical position and general character. That portion
of the North West known as the Fertile Bdt, the highway of the Canadian
I^adfic Bailw^r. is bounded on the South by ladtude 49<>; West by the
crast of the Bocjicy MountainsrNorth by paralld of latitude 55^ : North
East by Haditoba and Lakes Winnipeg and Manitoba. Length from its
Eastern boundary to Western about 800 miles; breadth Northward, 460
mile» ; ai»a »b<mt 280,000 aqatan mil«, an area about equal to l^anc e a ndr
■f \^ ■ as '' ■'■ .' ■
G«mM^WiJH>ntilxam«thesiieo< the "Empire g^^^^^^ ?!r.^;2!!l;
i ThiU the IfortWWeet, in its Southern bound«ry. liee South of the most
Southern part df Great Britain, it in the same latitode m a large part of
France, allBelgium, and a large part of Germany, Winmpeg heing about
the same latitqde as Parfs. as any one may see by •» w?*"^^ • JJJ- "
is. ther^ore, po Arctic region, but located near the middle of the torn wate
wne, only A little North of half iray between the equator and the North
Pole. The greater portion of this whole section is as rich in soil as any
part df America, and has the very great advantage of being ready for the
^ plow, without the delay, trouble iSd focpense ofdearing and t*king out
•tumps and stones, which often costs in the older Provinces and the United
Stateefrom fifty to a hundred dollars an acre. The less fiivorable portions
are^ell adapted for stopk raising, with the exception of a narrow strip
running parfilel with the United States boundary, which is » ofrt.trf^«5
prairieT covered with only short grass, deficient m water, soil light and
sandy. In so great an extent of country there is naturally a great ▼»wety
in character and quality of soil. It would be absurd to expect it to be all
eaually good: that is a condition to be found no where in the world. Then
Sere fa the beautifol and fertile valley of the PeaoeBlver lyinr along the
-^eastern base of the Bocky Mountains, Irtit farther north, though its oli«nate
is equally fine, indeed in some respects superior.- The snow fell is so IteM
thatcatUe find abundint supplies all winter, and is just sufficient to afford
protection to grass and grain. It has an area of 100,000 square miles or
$4,000,000 acres. It fa a wonderfully fertile region and abounding in
minerile; coal and snow-white gypsum m apparentt^r inexhaustible
quantities, iron, gold* petroleum, well timbered, abounding with game,
fish. Ac. In dimate, strange as it may seem, it is as temperate »• many
regions 1,000 mUes south of it. It lies beyond the reach of the Cknada
:^ific Bailroad, and for the present will ^not be accessible to eetUws
Kenerally, nor until a railroad fa made to and through it, which will dotabt-
fess be liefore long. It fa too great and good a <»untry to be allowed to
remain faolated much longer. Indeed it has just been announced to the
public that the Cochrane Eanch Company havebeen granted letters patent
for the purpose of stock rafaing in that region. Their capita IS said to be
1600,000. Thfa whole region and that around the Gr^ Slave Ifkf-fa
exceptionally fevorable to cattle rafaing as weU as fimniflk on the laiM
scale; Its climate fa peculiar. The prevaUing wind fa from toe west and
fa of a dry warm character, rendering the dimate mild, agreeable and vwy
healthy, the inhabitants never suffering from colds or throat troubles ; the
reason probably being tiiat Uie wind comes directly from the Pacific ocean,
and its force broken and modified by Oie Rocky Mountain Eange. A
souUi wind in winter brings cold weather, cpntrarf to almost all other
pfaces. and a norUi wind scarody ever Wows, so that houses are built feeing
. thenorth. On the 27th of January hist there were four inchep of snof^ and .
^tock were living and thriving op the praiiieis without any other feed.
■ It fa probable that thfa magnificent region of country wilF in a few
years be largely taken up as cattle ranges of thousands of acires each, and
that the Codirane Company fa only the pioneer of many others of a simUar
character. V.
The Canada Pacific Bailway, as a physical and economic neowifty/
runs tiirough about the middle of the great fertile belt, along too riohest
valleys, so that as a rule, the railroad lands are JiU fiisfc-daas. The Union
and Northern Pacific railways of toe United States, westward of the Mfasourl
River, pass through a desert for nearly 2,000 nulee, witoout * single
navigable river, tn toout mea ns for sustaining a popnlation, while the
H:
it
2i
«■
OaiwdUm Paoifto ro«d paMNM in Ui« same lottgltudM, throagh a eountry d
unsurpaMed riohneM. All exploran ananimoaBlT agr^ on this point.
Optain PalliMnr, ProfeMor Maooan, Archbishop Taohe of St. Bonifiuse in
tlie N. W., Captain W. O. S. Pollen, B. N., Lord Milton, Mr. W. B.
Cheadle, who aooompanied Lord Milton,' Rev. Dr. Q.l/l. Grant, President
of Queen's Universitj, Kingston^Sandford Fleming:, C. £>i Mr. Dawson,
Mr. Desbarats, PIrofessor Daniel Wibon, Lord Duflnrin, and the present
, Governor General, the Marouis of Lome, all with one voice testiff to the
great snperiority, m point or soil, climate and agricultural capaoitj of this
vast prairie country, over that of any portion of the United StatM, which
has grown sq rapidly within the memory of men not yet old, from a fringe
along the Atlantic coast to be a mighty nation, extending from sea to sfta,
from the Atlantic to the Pacific In days gone by, ^ot very long ago, the
United States occupied the proud position of being able to say, " Ho levery
one that wants a fitrmcome and take ope," and it cried aloud this cry in
almost all known huifuaffes. Th4 people heard and heeded and came
from the old countries in ihousandaiind tens of thousands, and found that
the conntrv that promised so fitir kept its promise, and so the country was
i-SlM^nft^hBtf^itaxd the nation grew great and strong. But now that'
venoouraging cry has ceased and less liberal invitations have to be extended,
because most of the public domain that is worth taking h»B already been
taken, as the testimony of General Hazen, of the U. S. aifmy, and many
others amply proves. iVbw, for the ^s< time, our vast vii^in prairies ar«
thrown open to Uie world, while there is very little if any eood land in the
United Staterfavailable for settlement under the homeeteEuT laws, and rail.*
way lands whidi are for sale are poor in comparison with the Ifforth West
and can only be purchased at high prices, varying from five to thirty or
forty dollars an acre. While in the North West every emigradt, come of
age, can obtun free, a &rm of 160 acres, better far than any he ever saw.
I^t intending emigrants make a.note of this and act accordingly, and not
allow themselves to be deceived and imposed upon by interested parties,
paid unnti who flood Europe with pamphlet8<i>f the most glowing deecrip-
tidns of their wares, the fiilsity of which is usuidly found out only when it
is too late. There are tens, probably hundreds, of thousands of immigrants
■f*v
passes U»Bt •!«» »«»»»»n»^ , vmm^r-fnJMMwmm »»..•• •••■« awww «••«•• -w »>.._ J->"'f
which usually is never, for loss of health, poor land, want of water, irant of
and oonsequwit want of crops, render that nine oases out of ten
rain
impossible, and who wouldi therefore, be glad to get off with the loes of alt
thev po88<Msed, if only they^oouM get enough money to pay their way out
of their misery, w»it and woe. '■,..., ,-^-:,..^^.^_
ProductionB.
We have come now tojirasider what is the main point in regard to the
* Canadian North West, namely, Its'
2nd. Pboditctiohs.— Wheai is thd special product, for it the country
as a whdie is partlcuWly adapted. The largest average wheat pro(%ct
has bewi raieea tsxt 40yearB witnont manure in Ae vaHey <^ the Bed Biver.
of aoyplaoe in the world, the grain boLog of the dioicest qaalii^^ and
V)
wdghing the g^cfttMt number of jpoondf (66) to the bodid, md oomflundi
IhK priSbe«WMie of ite dinty ii%t«fe, being^erefoie, jpjoaUi^^^
IdaiSed to the new proce- of m"llnr-®?rE!t!!"L r**!!;^ In t i !S
rale* the highest of any in the market. Gate, barley, and in fact ell
^^. groifln great luiurianoe and of the bert qnalfty. Ij is iaW that
maiie irTodian Som doe. not do quite eo weU « in tome ;«M»; P^,f
thie continent. The probability is that the Wnd tried ^^ ^J^'^*' JPS^S
adapted^ to a more southern dimate. and »5«;. f^^^^^inj^' f i?.!^„^
New York, the Eastern States, Ontario and this P~;*°« «' ^^^^
wick woul<i do well. Southern cort wUl not ripen at all in northern New
York wd similar laUtudes. whUe northern corn riP«n» J^*. "f *"
October last I saw very excellenf corn ft»"T ripB Jwrn Manitoba at the
' Pft^viScial Exhibition then held in thU city, and the ^»^^"J •Pf^"*"^!*
other cereals and vegeUbles showed clearly the »*7Jl^«J SuHr
obtained in, the Prairil Province. Potatoes atuin »h« ^^J^^^/^;"^^^^ ,
excellence in quanUty and quality, the q^f^X »>««?•• ^j"!*^ A" i^! /
size. No suchVtatoes were ever K'own in a jK>utfieA clime. Md^^^
ripen In the open air, and also tomatoes, all kinds of garden jeijUblw^^^ ^
5eT Neither melons nor tomatoes w^i ripen i*»Britoin without the a^d
ofglass. Hops grow ^rild on the prairies in peat pi^u«^. To fl^
hemp the w^nditions are especially favorable.^ The Mf^J^*^*^^
grow the former largely, ancTit with its manufacture wUl soon become a .
frS^t industry in thflforth West. AU the ordinaiy small frut*^ -"^ "
Lrants, stSwberries, .raipberries, etc., grow in «^* •^^^^"S
sponta^usly. Anple. have as vet been l^**!* K^J^^^!^^ ^^ ,
^ottt grain, feed\ng on the P^l"® gf*";. »»d ftlTrtu? S«t o^^thS
sunerioi tp that of the catUe fattened in the stables m the east or the
^ThJdiltivated grasses, timothy, red toft doter, etc, do well, but Uiey
are little grown, so* abundant is tLe sup3y,of «»*«^ . J^y* .„^"^,i
abundant, prairie chickens, ducks ««d|^.pif»0W|rI«tn?,f» •"f^K^
hi great aVundanoe are7n»ong **»« feathw^T tribe, while amoung &e
SiSS; are deer, bW wolves, foxes. wild^ts.^i«bbit«. in wjaxing
numbers and easily take?. Otter, mink, muskrat and beaver, etc, frequent
. the water courses, andybuflSdo in the western praines. -
i%A.-The larg^t lakes abound in white fish, adehciousyUde^^^
food, weighing fou^or five pounds. In the 7^«" »»ijS^' />^"jt
pickWel, pik^ cttkLh, sturgeon, gold eyes, etc., etc, and trout in- the
mountain streai^B. • •. i _» » /
Cboi and jy^— The Dominion Geological reports and the engineers /
surveTiSrmrthatthedistridi thwugh which Aegrea railway paaW
iwsseLstme of the, ifnot the largest coal fiddon the w^^
'nBSrSn?L^9thWalld«S^^ ^' ^5Sf .^«kr
that Aere cannot be mSS less than 600,O0O^uare , mik. UwU^are tt^^
l^d S^nwooal, the average breadth of whidi bdt is about 280 mile^. In
Sis ^iSlndoee^imity with tho eoal are ridi deposi^^
S? W«t of BdmontoS to the Eocky MounUiuj is aj ^;^^^^^
126,000 square milee of ooal land, with sewns of^*»"» *^*J.5J?'TS ^SJ
JSTiopping out in couaUess instances rf^^^ gor^
S^atcheNb^for over two hundred mUes, the Pembina, ^f « ^J«»
Sd Deer Branch of the SouA Saskatdiewiw •W.^f^^^.g^
Xndancc Spedmens of coalfh)m woussei^ioraof Ai^Sjs^
rarion were. ttroTyears ago, forwarded to Prof. HaaneUf Victoria Col-
" Many other seams are found ovw a wide extent-of c6nntty, and it is
bat nMonmbl« to infWr tlut at leMt wtifnl of tb«m, porham HI of them
will jield ezoellent Ai«l, fbr in the riohert ooel fleldii eliewhere there ere
no such ebundent outorojpe mi h«re." This ilMst led menj people not
pertioalerlj poited on coel meeraree to doabt whether it ooald rekUj be
ooel et ell. The enelyeie hj other ohemists demomtnte the fitot that it ia
not only ooel, bat that of the Tery betft quality. Everywhere iron ii found
in ODi\)unotioQ with the ooal.
In the graiel and eand ban of the North Saakatohewan and ita
tribatkries, and on Peace River fold is found, and men with yery
poor applianoea for finding it^ obtain from $5 to $10 a day ; it will doubt-
leai be foand in nluoh larger qna^litiea when the country becomes settled
and more thoroughly explore^ ind with better fiusilities for obtaining the
Ereoious metal ; but the main wealth of the country lies in the soil. There
I a mine of wealth <m eyery homestead of . 160 acres that requires only
industry to deyelopA *
lAmubme of fine\qnality Is found in abundance in many places. Blue
olay nnderlaying the eoil makes good brick. White marl found in large
beds makes pottery and abo superior brick, similar to theAunous Phila-1.
delphia 01! Milwaukee brick.
J9alt springs are numerous, brine often yielding a bushel of salt to 80
or 40 gallmk sometimes\ oyerflowing oonsiaerable areas, and/ by evapora-
tion leayinj[ the soil eoyered with salt, forming occasionally n^ounda out of
which the purest-salt is shWelled. \^
Shisep do well, and haVe neyer been kno;wn to haye any diseifeW, and
|>roduoe as high as eight pounds wool to the fleece.
Bees are yery productive, the flora of the pnuries being especially
fiiyorable to them. \ -^
8<ul ii^e North West \ii\u we haye said, of cburse yarieJ, but exists
on the prairies from 18 inches dn the general ayerage, to 8 or 10 feet deep
on the riyer flats. - The following is an analysis of a specimen of alluyiiU
sMl from Manitoba by ProC v\Emmerling, Director of the Chemical
Labontory of the AgriculturalV Assodation of th« Uniyeraitv, Kiel,
HoMn, Oennany. He says : " The analysis of the Manitoba ^il is now
completed, and the result is in 100,.0p0 parts—
\ Mpmitoba ^ Hoi
soil. soO.^
Petash ^.7 .. .". .. SO
Sodium...... 2S.8 .. .. .. 20
Phosphoric
A aoid..,,... 68.4 .... .. 40
^lime... ...... 682.6 .. .. .; ISO
Magnesia.. «. 16.1 .... .. 10
Kitr«^.... 486.1 40
To any one aoq^nted with the subjeot,\th|e analysis sufficiently
accounts w tlMpMntlar experience of the remarkable production of whMt
in Manitoba. . Where nitroaen, potash, pboaphorio a6id and lime exist in
soil to such an extent as shown above, good wheat must neceesarlly be
nrodnofld— they am all important in the promotion of growth in the higher
torms of vegetable Iife< ,^ ^
Hera is anoiherimalysia by Dr. MabtOam, LectuV on C%emis1a7, ia
the University of Edinburgh. ^
Excess of properties
of Manitoba soil.
. .. 108.7
.. ., 662.6 ;* i
> ^ • • 6.1
^ •
V
*?
./
"^.
•X',
M-
y w
ff
/
' AiuavtiB of iMunple of MaoltoU •oil :--
Organic matter, ooaiaining nitrogen equal to ammoni* 28® 11.228
Saline matter :— aato
Phoqikatee :.......... "".••"•^'*^^
Carbonateof Lime "I'lZ
Carbonate of MagneeU. ..... .... . . . . . • . • • • y-^
Alkaline Salts... ,»....„...**,.,. ""^'itvi.
Oxideoflron •...» • -^"^ - «-«
. _ ' 7.00U
SilioiouB matter !— . %< ki woi
Sand and Silica.... ..»^ * • •"• o IS
';"/.:''-^'^:^' V v. ^'Z '^^ :,':,,:/., ■ ■. ' ■ ' 100.000
\ The above ioil !■ very rich in organic matter and opntainl the fuU
amount of the lalihe fertiliiEiiig matten found in all loila of a good bearing
qualty.^ —r - --- ■ - ^^^^^^^^^ MAOADAMr
'' * \. . ,;.;^. ,' ' - " '-||k ■> • ' ' •'. Lecturer on Chemi»try,.eto., M. D.
, ;^v, -'. — .; V.-.'
^ Some Towns of the North West.
It i« not neoewary that 1 should name and describe all thenew to^i
or embryo cities of Manitoba, or the Canadian North West. The 4e«>rip-
lion ef to-day would be inadequate for to-morrow, they are alt young,
hopeful and, no doubt moat, if not all of them have a great future before
them. I shall, therefore, do Uttle more than name a few of them,
XMXBSOli ,:
is the fiiiit to which you come by ndL It^is jnat oter thejUne ijf the
Canada side, and here the bfiggage i» examined, I had ndthtog con-
traband, and had no trouble, the Customs Officer was a tou% St. John
man who remembered me very well and took my word iot itthat it was
all right Emerson oov«r8 a good deal of very level ^pund, ahd from the
width of the streets and the style of the buildings, e^jaenttv ^rowts to be
great at no distant day, and the expectation will sorely be fWfflled.
»0 BBITKR LAKD ^ _ .
surrounds any city in the world than is this portion 6f the Bed Biv^
valley, though it may occasionally be rather too wet. \ . J
It is the country that makes the cities. It is growuigftuif and extend-
ing iti boundaries.
^ V WINKIPBO' . \
in, of course, the . capital, both piysionlly and ^pofefiually. It is
only seven yeami old, and its growfh during that ti&e w P^^'.^;
Mual to anything on this continent daring this, penod. -Oiji *ll
rides new and mtoy of them very fine bniMin« are^risuag, jiearly
aU of them white brick, or at least cased in that material. BosKeas booses,
and residences now being erected, are very mach superior to thos?^ elected
three or foor years ago, and as the population and the busmees increase so
rapidly, several of t& public institutions, as Bank boiWings, have already
C_
S8
▼«n plaot to othcn of much lufer proportioM ; md qthera, m tht J^ost
gjlTMl ^ ^„ ^_^ , ^.
Offio& now quite inadeqniite to its requirements, mint mkm follow.
IthM
mxTT noftmxs,
which number ia oontinoAlIj inoreesing. but m yet ere quite unable to
meet the demand, ao theij are all crowded. Some of them are good, aome
not ao good, and aeveral Terjr inferior onea. Quite a number more are
going up, and at least two of them much larger than ant of those now in
uae.
AboTe all the present hotels ranks the Queen's which has become a
ftivorite Mopping place for Tisitors of the better class. It is located on the
corner of Portage Avenue and Notre Dame street weat, and is within three
minutes' ifalk of th« post office and couTenient to all the business portions
of the d^. It is of brick, well liffhted, well Tentilated, well furnished and
well conducted, i^d provided wltn every requisite for the convenience of
gtiestSy thouffh I had to sleep the first nisfht on the floor and alao j^he first
night after I returned from Brandon ana the regions boyond, The Grand
General stands, I think, next in order to the Queen's, does not charge quite -
so high, and runs a free "buss" to and from the trains. In the ''buss*' to
and f^m the Queen's the charge is half a dollar.
I had been told the North West wu about equal to the Queen's. I
looked at it but di^ not like it; it, seeoied inferior every way, apd two
Sintlemen who stopped there a night left in the morning and went to the
rand Central and liked it. I mention these things for the . information
of people who may visit Monitoba. Another new hotel near the depot
is of a lower price, and is said to be very well oonductdd. It would pro-
bably be found to suit the convenience of the majority of emiirraDts. it is
named "The Planters." . /> v'
There are •-.■'■•■'>.*. ,..;^/^
PUWmr OF OHUBOBBB * /
of the usual denominations, some of them very fine bricl^ buildingB,
beantifbl school houses, and a grand n^w building as to externals is neaHy s
completed for Manitoba PreebyteriaaCollege, with which other ooUegw
are ^Uated. The Hudson Bay Ciompaoy's store is a magnificent block
of buildings, the plate glass windows are a wonder, and evenrthing as to its
Aimiture and fitdng is soUd, massive and cottly.' It is said there is noth-
ing equal to it west of Chicaaro. We, Mr. David B. Murray, the Chief of
Policy and mysell, were kindly shown over the whole gorgtous esUblish-
ment by the general manager, a very courteous gentleman, whose name I
regret to have forgotten. Almost everybody was busy at big wages from
two to seven and a half dollara a day, which last figures some bricklayers .
and plaatefers obtained. ;
. BSANDON ■ /
is- the present ptaenger terminus of the Canada Pacific Bailroa<i, 146
mileswestof Wfnmpeg. This waswritteninNov.last The present terminus «
u about 800 milai west of Brandon. The rails are laid about 40 miles beyond ^
it. Three miles werelaid one daywhile I was there. They ask out (here '^who
htsuotheaxdof Brandon, theAmbos valley dty of the North Westr Pleas-
antlv situated on the west branch of the Assiniboine on a slope of the Grand
VaU^ "Ikttons" they caU U though I do not know for what it is Auiied.
It c»inn^ads An ezteosive view oTthefortlle prairie la^ northward to-
ward BM>id City and Minnesota^ to the Brandon Hills southward and the
valley of the^Uttto^flanlrntoh^wail wee^wwi and surrounded by an immense
y '..
..^
r^on of as ftml* iaod aaany oa which the sun abioes, well watered and
i
i. I
M
/:
/
ipod natanU dniMft, its poiiUon Ii om of th« mott promiting in Um
Forth Wtrt.
IXWi
AM MlIinK fkML' and though oommenocd onlj iMt rammer it hat tlrwiily %
large number of buildingiu Meern. Whitehead h Mjeri, lumber mer-
' chants, put up «he flnt holiding, and m I had a letter of introdnotioD from
the Premier of Manitoba, McNowi«aT, Mr. Chaa. Whitehead ihowed me
no litUe Undncis. K number of brahoh roadi wUI loon etart from Brandon,
the Sourb valley and Bow Rlrer Branch is already rarreyed and will be
built next spring. Theit^Ja coal on the Big Bouria to which aoeeie^ie
deairabl^and beeldes the road will traTCnw a magnificent ■eoUon of prairie
country thus enabling a large number to lettle along the railroad which
will be Just as good as the main line.
PILOT KOUKB '
, is about 85 mUes northwest from Emerson, storted last summer »nd g?^"
ing fast The moffnd la 116 feet above the lerel of the plain and 100 «irm
houses can be counted from the town. It Is for 26 miles surrounded by
-innumeraWeforeeU aU of which it overlooks, Imd « more picturesque
location it would be difficult to find between the Bed Biver and the Booky
^ Mountains. The town Ui laid out at the base of Pilot Mound from which
' it takes its name on both banks of Pilot Greek, a beantifril stream of pure
spring water. It is in the heart of a rich agricultural region, where there
are mnd opportnnitica for settlers.
Boseau— now known as
DOMnnoH crnr— ;;,
Is situated on Boseau Birer at the croadng of the P^mUna Branch of the
C. P. BaUwayj ten mUes north of the Canada boundary line, sur-
rounded by one of the finest agricultural traotei on tiks continent „ The
banks of the Boseau Blver are heavUy timbered with oak, ash, and poplwr
for a distance of 60 miles, where ii takes its rise in Boeeau Lake, which
is surrounded by a comparatively inexhaustible forest of pine, spruce and
cedar. From it a large supply of lumber wiU be obtained for many years,
and will be manufactured at Dominion Gty, the log! being floated down
the river, and thence shipped by rail. a« may be required, to other plM«f*
It is, doubtless, destined to be an importa|it town, and the admirable
system of drainage established by the liocal Qovemment will soon render
other hundreds ^ thousands of acrts, hitherto unavailable, among the most
productive lands in the ^Province. The settlers alr««dy there are moatly
^^ of a superior dafls of Ontario fkrmers.
inBLBOliyiliLX
has been called the Queen City of Southern Mimitoba. It is In the famed
Pembina mountain country. It has now a three-run grist mill, a saw mill
a shingle mill, five general aioree. three.hotels, five agricultural warehoujMS,
a printing office, in which is published 2%e Jf oimtoMMflr, three churches-
two brick, one frame— school-hOuse, two livery stables, two blacksmith
and cvrriage shops, etc., etc, an Orange Hall, a Masonic Hall, three
resident mwisters and ploaty of other proftssitmal gentlemen, and last but
not least, a Government Land Office, fn addition to thaprivate reaidenoes;
A branch of the Emerson and Northwestern Bailway ia already
located to Nelsonville, and'the Southwestern BaUway is already bonusaed
for 1100,000, and by January next will have its line completed to Mdson^
ville. It is the pounty town of North Dufllbrin. That region of ooantry
is well known for its superior agricultural advantages. Good water, good
soil— it is good for i ~ ~
/
ao
/
I
^,^^ rovTiOB LA nunua <"
If Ml Important and rapidly growing town naarlr half way bctw««n
Winnip«( and Brandon, th« mam lin« of the N. P. iUilwaj, in the centre
of what is oalled Uie Garden of Manitoba, and no garden anywhere could
be richer or better land, much of which ii under a good atate of cultlTation.
It ia laid out for a large citr. which it will doobtleaa bj^ before manr yean.
The Und here for a oonaulerable distance around is takoi up either by
settlers or speculators, and the emigrant, anless he is in a poaition to buy
out some settler, must go elsewherci in order to locate a farm to advantage.
I intenriewed here a seUiar, Mr. J. Btewart, who Uvefl at High RIuflT, Just ^ -. .•>
in light. "Has been there 10 years: has 100 acres, 80 cultiTated; this «
vear raised 86 bushels to one buihers sowing— not to the acre, it would* "|i'
De about 70 bushels to the acre, White Russian Wheat : some in onr :j}
neighborhood have as high as 100 bushels oats to acre. Wheat, barley ^fv^'i(
oats, potatoes and all, veffetablee do well here. Come trom township or j "
Williams, Middleeex. Co., Ontario. Do much better here than there,
thouffh that was good." I think this region may well be designated the
Garden of Manitoba, as many others reported almost similair results. There - . •
are fiirms fof sale with the usual improvements, and men of some means :,
oould not do better than buy such mrms, as they could take t^e whole
price they would have to pay— from eight to twenty 'dollars kn acre — off
the farms in a single year, or at most two, and at the same timlU(Void all
the inconveniences neeessarilv incident Cb a new settlement. :^' ' '
Pomeroy, Crystal City, Osrtwright and a host of other new to#ifs are
all likely ere long to become places of importance, and It is claimed
afford abundant ladlities for profitable investments in their lots. ''y.
BBAMDOir. . , Y"--'^^
I reached Brandon on the evening of the 24th October and remained
till next day, and interviewed some farmers and others, of which the
following is
' . .. . THK 8irB8TAirc> :-
Cornelius Williamson lives at Birtle, about 200 miles from Winnipeg,
in a northern direction : Has three sections of land or 1920 acres, about
100 acres cultivated ; has raised of wheat 46 bushels to the acre, mazmium,
the lowest not much less ; has been there three years ; raised 80 bushels
oats ip the acre^ potatoes and roots of all kinds do well. Average depUi
<^ soil 18 to 24jnchee. Boil varies from sandy to heavy blade loain ; the
sandy with limestone gravel sub-soil ; some of it clay sub-soil. Ill a dry
year prefer the qlay, but in a wet one the gravelly sub-soil.
J. Arrison lives at High Bluff, PorUge la Prairie: Has 600 acres;
boi^btat 98 an acre five years ago ; worth $10 now, as I have improved it
■omewhatf raise from 80 to 40 onshels wheat per acre ; have raised 60
busheb ; all bat peas do well, they grow too rankly ; potatoes from three to
four hondred bushels per acre : have had over four hundred bushels ; was
bom in Ontario; this u a rnucn better country than Ontario for cattle as
Wellaa crops.' ' -. /.
raised here do raiich b^i^than those imported. The native crossed with
Important heavy stock do best. Oats sometimes run np to 100 bushels per
icre; they bring t|owa dolUr aboshel ; wheat 80 to 90 cents.
S. W. PMen/iiyes atBapid City : Owns 320acr«8; gotitas homestead
160 acres and pild one dollar an acre for preemption 160 ; have just sold
it for HM)00. /Bait ed 30 bw heto wheat and oats 76 bmhela to the tw^.
•>»
AU
H-HtfOO.
kioalof
dope grow immi
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intra
ould
tioo.
mn,
IT by
bu/
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Jttft
tbii
ould*
our ^
rley^
I ere,
th«
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-off
[ all
ar«
med
ined
tht
bout
lom, ^
ihels
epth
the
dry
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!d it
1 60
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was
e as
iritli
per
toad
aold
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*
The next genUettan Iniervtewed waa Mr. Danmn fllndatr, hud
Surre/or. and who haa been 11 yean following hia jprofaMlon in Manllob*
and the Northwest. He is a man of much Intentgeiioe and a close
obaerver.
MB. DUHOAM SIMOLAIB,
said :— " I hsTS been eleren ye^rs in this Territory engaied in iM bus!-
nesi of my profession. I hare traTsUed over the oounlry firom the woody
regions east of the Red RlTer to Fort Carleton on the Saskatchewan, and to
the 104th meridian of longitude, and to 70 milea North of Norway House
on Nebon River, and northwest on the Great Saskatchewan to Pas, and
Moose Lake northeast of it. From east of the Red River for 80 milee to
the woody region the soil is of the very best quality, and to the west of
Red River as far as Pembina Mountain, and aouth ward aa fkr as Fort Peliv,
easterly of the Assinlboine River, the land may be considered first-dsM
for agricultural purpoeea. On the west f^om Brandon to the Pembina
MounUin and Fort Ellioe, and as far as Carleton, the quality oflbil
ilighUy diminishes and may be considered a superior Mcond-claaa, althouglr
Id this last rcf ion there aro many very superior sections. This year, oo
the Little Saskatchewan, my two sons, with fair average tillage, oroduced
82 bushels bf wheat to the acre from aeed sown the last week in April.
Barley and oats only about the same ; there was a failura of seed, tad It
was on new broken ground not well prepared. In order to raise a Ml crop
the ground requirea to be properly prepared, which often new broken
ground Is not, and thep only half a crop need be expected. Equal cropa
en the Big PUln, the Shoal Lake and Bird Tail Greek districts. Turtle
Mountfdn district about the same. Around the sources of the Little
Saskatchewaa thera ia abundance of lumber for not only its own settlers
but also for a large district beyond, at prices varying from $20 to $80 per
D^tasand. according to grade."
I haa a letter <A introduction from Sir S. L. Tillev which procured
me ready access fo all officials and othera in the North- West, and among
other advantages procured, unasked, a letter from Mr. James Nor(||u«y,
Premier of Manitoba. This procured me many kindnesses and courtiesiBS,
among them a carriage to convey me to Brandon Hills, ten milee distant,
to viut Rev. George Roddick, »n old friend, but I decided to walk it in
order to have an opportunity to carefuUy examine the soil, and go into
the farmers' houses and see the way in which they lived. The paaUeM I
met and interviewed were considerable in number. I can only name a few
of them, but they were all pratty much alike, mtL mora than contented
with their locations and prosperity. Three milee from Brandon Hills I
went into the house of Ephriam Harris. He is from FuUerton Township,
Perth County, Ontario ; "has been hero a year last spring ; has 160 scree
veiy good land, wheat » real good crop, not threshM vet, but computed
»t w onshels per acre. Oats excellent ; sent some heads home to Ontario
and they said they had never seen anything like them before ; potatoes
very good in quantity «nd quality. Well 22 feet deep; water ftbundani
; and excellent." I can bear testimony to its emsdUney. "No frost till
•Iter crone wero all harvested. No grasshoppers, few musquitoes. Soil
about 2 feet deep, black, heavy loam." I eiamined the soil in * plowed
field and found it all that could be desired; The house is a Btaofortable
story and a half squared timber house, and comfortable ontrnMhy^gs.
Called in ' ,
. ^ WM, JOHNSON'S.
Honse is similar to that of Harris* but
/'
li i.
P '
•flTML bomwtMd uhI pr^!^plioa. ImoA good, KTo. 1 1 no tioMor had In
Hm North- Wm*. Br«>k«ii M MnM, w ImaI crop MocllMt, o»te do, , polAloM
bMtttilal. iOl kinds of YMol»M«a good. lUvo nMd wnlor from m w«U •
fMl docp i MoallMit ■oil Inm 9 inohM on tops of knolla lo 24 tmi. bmrnxk-
ful oUv lubmil. This b about tho •vang* for oi" 6 mUM Around ; onlon-
UUmI 30 to 3fi bu*h«l« wh«nt to th« •an i not throstivd y*t. ' I onn b«ur
wltnoM to th« •xotllMMW of the poUtOMi, ohJohon, milk Mid tmtt«r, nmi.
if tho wh«nt product w«r« tuiuml to tho •ppanranoo of the ttuhbie, I should
think Um oxpootMl amount wm ttn<lor-Mtimnt«d, tm I nav«r mm toflh
■tubbla bafora. I think, how«|var, thara was not laad anough town aa it
appaarad rathar thin. If farmara would oultlvata thair grounda mora
tnoroughlT, and tow about ona-third mora Mad than what thay do, I hava
no doubt (hay would ndaa at laaat 10 buthala an aora on tha avaraga mora
than thay do.
Tha naxt houa waa my point of dattbrntton, that'tif '
BBV. OKOaai EOUDIOK,
from whom and hli amiabla wtfa
many othar thinip ha Mid f^
I TMairad a oordial walooma. AnMng
" I am tha flrat lattlar on the louth side of tha Aiainiboina 'at Grand
Vallmr. Game in tha apring of 1870 from Piotou County, M. H., and
brougnt a part of my oongragation here aa a oolony. Took up one and m
half aaotiona for mVaalf and family, to which I added 100 aorea mora by
purohaaa fronr the Hudaon Bay Go r*t $5 par acre, 1 120 a<orea in all. Tha
firat aeaaon I broke up only 10 aorea, aa bnildinga had to be areotad. Next
aumn^r raiaed 260 buahala potatoes and 600 bnsheb grain, soma of it on
tha flrat plowing, not back aet at all or saoond ploughed. The grain waa
good and wheat averaged 20 buah<fl8 to tha aore', oata 00 bnahela, on tha
onoa plongbad ground. The third aummar I broke 00 acrea mora. Tha
orop (a gw>d, from which 1000 buahala at laaat wIU^Im produced, 1000
wheat and 000 of oata ; and 200 bnahela potatoea on a little leaa than an
acre. Baats, oniona and all other vegeti|t>Iss vary fine. HaVe now 120
aorea ready for tha next crop. The oropa of tha neighbors have also baan
remarkably good. Never saw finer wheat growing. An Ontario man
helping to harvest said he never saw the like of it in Ontario. Hava not
thraahad yet, and grain may yield and probably will oonsiderably mora^
than I have stated. A farmer can
OIT A BKTTBK 8TABT
in a ifrairie country in three vears than he would in 20 years in a wooded
oonntry. With about $1,000 to start with a farmer can make himself
pretty tndepcnadent in three yaara ; on the half of it indeed, or laaa. Chia
in tha neighborhood started with oonsidenbly leas than '|0OO» and la aa
independent now aa any one in the community. Farms of 820 aoras in tha
neighborhood oonld not now be pnrohased for $3,000. I would be very
rdnotant to take $10,000 for mine. I have not been (m it three years yet.
Have a fair pit^ortion td poplar and oak on the BTand<m hills oloaa by.
The po^bg hate is mnoh superior to that which nrows in Nova SooUa. It
makea good Inmberaad azoellant flta wood. Wa deem it worthlasa in
Nova Sootia. The water ih thia district is, in general, good and can be
seonrad anywhere by digging from sax to thirty feet. In some spots a
little alkim is fottnd. H^igea ani good— a oommon laborer reoeivea fn»n
$1.00 to $2 par day and board ; carpenters $2.00 to i^ ; b l acks mi ths the
same ; bricklayers and plaaterera, $rto $6 per day ; servanta drls from $12
to, $20i per month. ' Always a Uar demand for grain and other produce ;
girdaffc dlr^ aad plenty of gimla the first year; after that th^ do well.
•Md oMtl* do w«U. th« Mtaral artmm baiaf Y«ry MtrMoM. I iMft
•pM of CmmwIImi hoTM* mmI * FrwdiCMUkdliii pMjr «» dWrlM. Mi
• so dlflloulty with thwn, (wo yoko of <»i«m Iwv o«wt| mA * BMibir
nornod oMtlo do w«U, th« Mtaral
two span of OumwIImi horaM «
h»v« ao diflloully wllh thorn, (wo yoko of <»i«m
of yoiinf oattlo. I would adviM * poor mm to omlmlk hlmlf wilk vam
lot, m Imw voarm, UU ho om, r<4m m tuflkiiMl qaMMly of mla. 1 hftv*
boni MtooiahMl a( |1)« «pMd and otidaraiMo of oxtn bi tkli ooMln i «
p«ir of my oxon hoTo, b«atd«M farvi work. tmtroUod 1000 bOm ob tho raadi
In iU monthly Tho dooth' of bkek ooil rwim from nlao faiehit to two
Mid ft half faot. In this looyity th« dopth la two fool. Tho mh&oli b n
whitUk clay. With pinok nn<l porMvonmoo. and dopoadonoo on tho bloaa-
Inf of (kxl, this U tho country In whkh a fannor Oan mob mako hbaaolf
and family indepondont."
I havo given Mr. Ruddlck't itMomont on thb Mbjool la A^^ bootaao
U la tho fMult of an «dooatod. intoUlaont, roUablo, oxpttkaood ^oooor.
Tho raUtxiad will now obvlato many of tho dHHovltioa whloh ho and hti
jMnily had to m«4it and ovoroomo in r«Mhiag tholr praomt loQatkm, olo.
Hia aildroaa ia Brandon UUI4L Manitoba. Ho la tho peaHaaator, Md wllL
I doubt not. afford any additional daairabia iafomatton to hita«rttin
emigranta j but I ifontd auggMit tha proprloty of all who may write him
Making information anoloalng at laaat two 8 ooni poataiia ahuima, to dm
for ■totlonory and ratnm Matago. If Mr. R. glvaa liia ilma aadlaW 5ro
bonowibtteo for nothing, it ia aa muoh aa oan bo rwtaoaably oxpootod.
NoKt day aftar braakfaat Mr. Roddlok, with his FNnoh pooy and
buokboaW, drova ma noroaa hia Imw, and np to tho hlghaat paak on tho
aootham and of .
BRANDON HILM. I
ThcTo^a hAd a vlaw of the land auoh aa Moaaa had frol tho top oi Nabo
of tha land of Citt#an-battor. I think^^or Moaaa lookojT from o«td4a tha
land, and hia view waa only ono-iddad, whilo wo waro jln tha oontre of a
moat magnificent outlook. Thlfty milaa Waat tholTartla Mottntain
bounded the view, with the Big Souria. friagwl with wpodi, iowing aloiig
itabaaa. North, aouth and aaat tho aye roamod oTorth^boaadlaaapnfato.
hare and there dotted with lak^ and the homaa oHrttlan, patohaa of
plowed land and hay ataoka. I have navor bofora o^ akioo ha4 aiioh •
view oi anoh a knd. It waa a a rand oironlar aagmank of tha hmd whloh
of.M^Jf .^i^"* Baaoonafield with two worda ao adklrahly daoeribod,
illimitabla poaiibUitioa." No 4wo worda in the Eigliah Wnate, or
•ny Bumber of worda, oould num fittingly or m fi^igl^ deaoribe tho
CotuMlian North Waat.. —^^
( ttJf'i I^diok brought me to Bnm^on to a polilioal mooting, which
nfforded ma ft good opportunity to interviow fnrmora. It waa tho SSth of
1 * .P^. ^ ^ **!?Py •■ » day iB Juoa. Hie pafl|il« htiA oomo
oarly to attaad to boainaM firat, and thaa haar aMoohaa. Than waa qnlte
ft crowd for ft '* lone hwd,'* ftnd aoma of tiiam had oobm a hmg way—aoBia
m>m Brandon Hilla, aoma from the B% Phina, aomo from th* dirtotloB of
B«pid<:aty. aoma from varioaa «thar plaoaa, but tmt^ all tlUon of tho
"^Tr. '* ™ a golden opportunity to obtain raliablo InlomitiaB aad
wWoh would havo^ requlnd wooka of plodding, paMoBt tott W haTo
obtaiBod oqoal raaulto from the aftme poopio ftt tbdr homaa. Mr. Roddkk
knew moat of tham, nnd put me nt onoo on ft friandly, oonfidantlal loolbc.
with aa many aa I wanted. I oan mak^ only a f «w aeUotiona, ^^^
Hie fint waa f>
JOHN DOXAN, < '.
He aatlled near the weat end of Bitodon hiUs. and haa been then two
yo a r a aad a half ; o mne from Dnndaa Count y , On t ario. * "I ha v e tahea
with my family fopr aectiona-^S{WO aorea<~£nmi the Dgo^niOB 6<ymnm«nt
'iM
H
k
•nd the Syndioate vrwUmt to any vrvey. I have broken over 80 aeree.
The soil b deep, fertile and good, numlng from 12 to 88, and aTeragins
fnnn 18 to 20, foohea dee|. Grope excellent, exoeeding anrthing I oonld
raiae in the ooonty of Dnjidaa on a good day loiL The faot of having no
■tonee or etmnpe, nor quack graM, nor other bad weeds, makes it v«ry
encouraging. Wlieat. oate, potatoes, onions and all varieties <rf vegetables
Jiave been a decided and i^mndani sncpess, with very little labor.
Planted this year potatoes, plowing them in and giving them no mora
cultivation, and had a crop such as I have probf^ly never seen. Dropped
' the seed in each furrow ; 20O bushels on about three-fourths of an acre on
the bettor cultivated ground about one half more. Wheat and oats are
Mwcf,but have not yet been threshed. Gateulato wheat from SO to 40
bushds to the acre, oats about double that. Tho growth is so neat as to
make it unhandy mi account of the length of the suraw ; when the ground
comes to be better cultivated the products will be very gteal I have 600
acres of very good land on the St. Lawrence in the township of Hatilda,
Bundas Co., and it cannot begin to compete or compare with this. Water
good and abundant, dug 12 feet for a well. About as much alkali as it
supposed to be good for the soil and the crops."
•*Lives at Bapid CJity, bera there two years, have 160 acros--IanT good,
can't be beat, raised wheat, oata, barley, potatoes, etc; wheat 40 bushels
to acre, oats 60, all vegetoblea excellent. Soil from 12 to 18 inchea, water
generally good, aome pointo a little .alkaline, but by digging from 20 to 30
feet get excelliftit water alwaya. . I use it from a pond. Qune fnmi Lon-
don, Ontario. Take the land and climate here they are better than at
London. It is ver^ healthy here. Have seen no grasshopper to speak
of, have seen four tunes more in Ontario."
■ * JOHK MAODOKAUD,
-from St. Thomai, Ontario. *' Resided for three years on the JS&g Plains,
25maes eaat of Brandon. I have «?0 acrea, and myfamiiya Motion,
040 acres— in all 960 acres. Have broken about 40 acres myself. Wheat
the first year, on the once plowed sod, 26 bushels, since then 36 ; oato, 60
to 76 buwels ; potetoes, SOO to
inches of bliM^ loam, and suf
'^ : dass ; wells ft to 32 feet deep
dear and abundant. A few
anything. Healthy? Very
budiela to the acre. Soil avoages 18
4 to 6 feet yellowish day. Water first
the plain ; water ia beantiful, sweet,
No graadioppera to amount to
ao. People do raiae tibe Mme kind d(
crop yeiur after year on the 'same so^ I don't emsider it best to do it.
There ii. ready aale for all kinds of crops. One dollar a bushel Is the
average price for all kinds of grun and potatoes on the Plain up to this
timew CMtie? High* Cows from $66 to |66 ; paid |66 f or a.oow tius
swnmer. Oxen, fair, from 9160 to $176; extra gobd, 9200 a yoke.
Horses? Any fa& team from 9900 to 9460. Earliest plowing? In 1878
I plowed in March ; generally 1st April to tow^s end of May for^Wr
ing and sowing. Every man I ever knew <m tiie Plain is perfeouy satisfied
wShhislot." ■ ^., ^
I am oarefql to qucvte the ekaot worda of each one ; and, whue there
ia % variety of style of statement, each one expre s ses himsdf witii accuracy
and dearMSs, without any hesitation, prevarication w oatentation.
JOHK T. ASTHUB .
came from Nova Scotia in April, 1880. ** live near the Asdnibdne Bivor.
Have 320 acrea homeatead and pre^emptinm. Land good. Have broken
27 aoree; raised wheat, oato and potatoes; all pretty good eropiL Th^
were injured by the overflow of the river, yet the wheat prodnced 30
1»<^«I^ oftto 40, potfttoM good qtuOity. I like the oonntry. I am well
Mtiafl«d. Water b good ; no ftlkalL IlwTetwosprliigoreeka. Ko early
nor Ute froet. No gratthoppera or moeqnitoea to amount to aoythlng.*'
jr. B. WOODWOBTH
is from GomwaUis, Nova Scotia. " Game here last epring ; have S20 aoree
—50 aorea broken ; oata on eod avenun 80 boahela : potaloM, 10 aona on
Bod, about 200 bUaheb to the aorer Trhinge have done very well Indeed.
L^ J^T ™<io^ pleated with the preeent and with the' futur« proapeot. I
did all this work pereonally with my own hands. Had little meaoa ol my
own, but was aasiated. I have built a good two story house, nearly
finished;" and as he spoke l^e pointed it out oloae by, a large double two
story house within the limits of the corporation. Mr. J. B.^oodworth's
820 Mres will before many years be worth a large amount of money, as no
doubt most, if nbt all, of it will be wanted for buUdlng lots.
The foregoing statementa of farmers are probably sufficient, as all the
others state substantially the same things, «hd I have given not only the
Uames but P. 0. addresses, so that if any one should desire ooNrroboratton
on their own account, they can write to the parties mentioned and satisfy
themselves. I shall now furnish the declarations of some gentlemen who
^ not famers, but men of intolligence, observation and reliability. On
the C. P. RaUroad train from Brandon to Winnipeg, October 27th, I had
a long conversation with
MB. JOHN ?ATTXB8bN,
^ Winnipeg, Supervisor of Water Supply for the railroad. Be said t *' I
pay laborers |2 per day ; carpenters from IB.26 to $3, according to ability;
farm labor is paid varfoudy and is hard to get, from |25 to |40 a montii
and board for the summer ; plenty of work fii the winter, when men can
make more than in the summer, especially those who can handle ^e axe.
A good hewdnsaa make froin $3 to $6 a day."
fro ^^*^fc^ mrimpression of the country aa a whole for emigrants,
A— Mv impression It that any sober, Indoatrions neople can do welL
and that while there are difficultiee at firat to contend with, aa in all new
oountneiy all oarefhl-and industrious people can make themselvaa inde-
pendent in five years. Soioe seasons there is a litde early fkosThi th« low
secUona, not mufoh this y«ar ; last year on the Bed Biver tome vegeteUe*
m gardens got killed before they were quite matured, but it did not reach
orther west even then.
^The^tra«k of the a P. B. is laid about 125 mUee beyond Brandon, and
graded about 170 miles. The C. P. Bl Southwestern is graded almost to
toe boundary of the United States. It runs fhim Wimdpeg to Smuggler's
Point, about lOptk meridian. On the Air Line Horn Winnipeg toPort-
age Ift^Piwrie they are Imdng the rails. 18 miles laid east from the Ptortage
and 12 miles west fhHn Winnipeg. The whole distance wiU be 64 milea
to the Portage; it is now 68. They wUl take the ndla from tiie old track.
There is another road from Portage la Prairie hy another company, to
Gladstone and IS to go on to Prince Albert via Bapid aty, ete., aErat 40
miles nading done, towards Gladstone. The Sontf Western Golouintioa
Road frpm Winnipeg to the Souris, passing thronglr Headingly, orosai^
^l,^'^^^ 5* NebpaTille, TurUe Mounteins, and onloiSe Sraris ooal
fields. The caal la bituminous. The C. P. B. line bceaka off four n^toa
west of Brandon and goea to Sonria coal fields^ Another protected Una is
from Emerson to Poito la Prairie by way of Morris, tafiS
the best parte of the Bed Biver valley. ^^
■*l
36
It thiM atipMti that the «Mt«mjpi|rt of ;the otmnttt will be »t otifle
well wpplied ilKwlltoiidi and » it wiU be .U pver the country ae Kwn
M th^ «rax«^iiii«d.
D. B. MVBBAT, UQ.,
Chief of PoUce. Winnipeg, is firom Piotoq, N^ Sootie. He iaye:--"!
h«ve been hwe o? er eight yeen. I cowWer thie » fine fuming conntiy.
lUyeien ^\ kinde^oeiiab and Teget^lee of the «i«*^«*»i*f»«»i»;*J
of the latter of the most enormou. growth ; tor^inetwioe : ^nape over 8J
lbs., potatoes averaging over 8 Ibfc, not one of them hollow, bat soond ana
drr to the heart ; Sbbages 66^ lbs. each, a euoomber 8 feet Jon«. «<*«»•'
things in proportion. The encumber was X)f what is called the Snake
variety. The people who cannot do well here cannot do well anywnere.
BIV. JAMS8 BOBBRTSON
had been pastor ef Knox Presbyterian Church, Winnipeg, from its ori^fin
seven years ago till last summer, when he resigned to accept "»« supenn-
tendency of Home Missions in the^Nortii W«^ and sbace *»»«»/•• .^j;
travelling all over tiie country. I deemed his experience «»d^inIon
valuableandtiierefore asked him to write down » »r »<>*•, }*°** J**
impresbions, which he kindly did. I can here quote only his replies lo my
questions on the point which now occupies our attention. He •""i-T. ^,
Save Seen potatoes weigh ovte 4 lbs., one 4 lbs. 2 OS.; turnips over 86 lbs.,
cabbages 56 lbs. For raising cattie tile countey is very fine. Have seen
wh^weighing 66 lbs. to tiie bushel, and the flour made from it was
much better than from tiiat grown anywhere else that I /»»▼• J»f«"- , ^\
present laborers set 12.50 a day} bricklayers get from f6 to 97 f day,
carpenterii from f 8 to 14. . ^ ^. . \^\ «-.t. » — j* ♦i.-
^ tiie train from Bn&dttn to Winnipeg Oct 27Ui, I m^e tiie
aouadntanoe of , ' ,
juir xNeusH osznra<sMAH -
who h»d been some montiis prospecting in the Nortii West, with a view
of purdbasing a tract of land in connexion with others m Engund. in
compliaaoe with my reqnesti hi wrote in my note, book his opinion of tiie
country as follows.*— , / «, , j.* «#
Lsfid, almost witiiout exception, good. There is a dififerOTce of
opinion as to what oonstitutee the best kind of land. llAny prefiw the
heavy, and some tiie light soils. The Wter seems to me th^^moreTeasiiy
cultivated^ and gives quickest retumfc but wiH most likeU' J««^ »"*
BOODMl. The great diffioulty to contend with is tiie shortness pfthe work V
i^seMon. In spring, when tiie land is to beioim, it shonld^ive ^
^vionsly broken Sd '•backset?' in tiie prebrfing autundn. The time
must be very short for extendvesowing. Itbegineabouttheendof ApriU,
and the sooner it is over the better is the prospeol for the eiuning cnmtf
To grow»wfficieB<yo/roots and potatoes, aft«rw««s to iireMre hav tor
tiie coming winter, to gamer ihf oeroah^ store the ro<^ do tte }>~ij«
and 'bad^tting' and plow tii« stubble, must all be done by, at least, ^
end of Oct^^ tSbSa gives a very short season for so much work.
Diflkulty most also beloved for from the scarcity of form kbor, ud how
tol^eep a aait«bfe staff for simmer M irinter op«»«ionfc Ifot* thw an
beiot would be too UttlefiJ^iiummer, less tium half wyoldbe too much ««
winter. Gattie ,do wett as for as X have ■wp^^n* ««».iw«:„The cgrotey
4oesii6t8eemadaptedfor8liim). Any healtiw mtoi^i^work^illdo
foi^lj WeU; tiioimia witii wofting tone wiU do well. The dimato is
^* (Signed) OoLiniauBBROWH.M.5*»«,i
^^^^ — — gdin. Palv er rity, F^ K C. &, Bdin .
^
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°^ Two or three observaticiM on this opinion may here not be out of
place. 1st. The itatement aa to "the ihortnen of the working seaaon"
oonld not and would not likelj be made bj any but an I^lishman who
hat been aocustomed to see fitf ming opentfons go on nearly all the year
round The Mason Dr. Brown luw i^ioated as adapted^to agricultural
operations is a little OTer six months, #nd as a matter of Ikot it is abont a
month longer, as lowing usually oommenoea at the middle of April-^eome-
times on the Ist of April— and plowing, do.» continues till about the middle
of November, being about aeren o^ seven and a half months of a working
season, which is a fair average lor this continent north of Mason and
Dizon^s Line. 2nd, Vr. Brown's expected difficulty from scarcity of ^
fari|n labor applies only to fiirming on a lartte scale, not to the man on a
quarter section who does his own Urork, while it shows that there is ample
employment for the surplus labor, of the old countries in the summer ;
while Mr. John Patterson, as I have already shown, states Uiat laborers
can make more in the winter than in the summer by lumbering, and that
a good hewer can make from 98 to |6 a day.;
It should also be remembered that sowing, reaping, mowing, raking,
threshing, etc., Mre all done by improved machinery, greatly reducing tM
amount of needful manual labor, vrhile plowing is generally done two
furrows at once, tbns saving the labor of a man on every plow ; and,
further, when it becomes known abroad that a large amount of farm
labor is wanted in the lSi0h West, the supply will soon equal the demand.
As to the countiy not beins adanted to sheep, I suppose the idea suggested
itself from the fii^ that high laqp in the old countnes are usually em^oyed
in sheep raising, as they will piqk up a living where other animals won\
and therefore the idea has arisen that sheep will do well only onjiigh
land. The North West is not generally high, but level, and to many will
appear for the above reason not adapted to sheep, but practical experience
has demonstrated quite the contrary, proving that sheep do remarkably
wallf being free fN^m all epidemics, grpiHng to a large sise, producing
unusually heavy fleeces, while the mu^itm is of a superior quality, as I can
attest from personal obwrvation and experience. With the remainder of
Br. Brown's opinion Fam in entire acoupd. ^
with
In the Queen's Hotel in Winnipeg, I formed a pleasant acquaintance
Grain merchant of Gaerlleon, Monmouthshire, England. He had just re-
turned from a somewhat extended tour through li&nitoba and the Nortli
West ieniUaj. He gave me a good deal of valuable information which
, I deemed impprtant on several aoootmts, amoqg which is the ftct ikhat he
cannot be ohaiged with "having an axe to grind" bv q^uiking fiivorably
at the country. I therefore reqnebted him to write his views in his own
Kfav lor whatever >ftitnre use might seem proper. He kindly complied,
andthefoUowingis what he says :r~ - *
"I left home for a sea voyage] August 10th, by counsel of n;iedieal
adviser^ suflbiing ap I was firom apakiul and serious malady. I resolved
to visit the United Stat^ making C9iicago the westenf tetmhittt.
Aniving at CSuosffo I folt a strong desire to visit^Milwankee, Si FaoL
Minneapolia,Hmd the North-weat States, especially Dakota. Was qinoh
impressed with the prosperitv of ikhe people of the U. S., and dettir^ined.
to look into the matter with the Tiew of giriiw information to audi as
desired to emigrate or w^hoee position demanded immediate attention.
Holdin g — r — ^
N
i'j'i
Ill;
t
J
y
38
I am ftdiy ioqiwinted witli the d«plocrf>l« oondiUon of the Mfriculturiste
of the United KInjgdom. I TWted the ebore townp, obtaining much
▼•loable infonnation frtun a oommercial and agricultural point of view.
Mach aetoiiiihed at the enormous flour manofacture of Minneapolis : saw
the whole system was becoming fevoliitioniced, American millers
monopoliaing the wheat n^arket so far as best quality was concerned,
leatimc the second quality and inferior for exportation to Great Britain.
Bnmon of^ *boom*ln the Canadian North West determined me to^go to
^it Dakota on the line of the N. P. Bailroad to Bismarck, especially^the
^ghborhood of Fargo. Castleton, etc.'; satisfied farmers were making
gMd headway : saw no signs to the contrary ; land good for many miles in
all directions, but beoanib somewhat poorer fkrther west, more suitable for
stcdc-raising. Proceeded "
' '- UP THS RID -BITKB VAIXXYV
'1o Winniliefft land wet and maifshy for many miles, but fii^e ^uvial soil,
only requiAlg dnMng* The ♦alley, extending 200 miles by ^ to 50
wide, ispr«^ly unsuroassed in fertility. Ma^e acquaintance with Mr.
Pa£Baddington, Scotland, who had iuBtnpurchaaed 3,000 acres of land
in Dakota near Mipleton and proposed placing the whole under oultivi-
tion. jpending 960,000' in maohinenr and stock. Arriving M Wmmpeg,
saw the "Boom" was a xwdity. Resolved to remain and traverse the
V Province, also soiq^ parts of the Northwest Territory ; distance travelled
700 milee. ■ - '•■■■" , . ,
« As a leenlt (tf.toor, decided (Park and self) to combine our strength
andinfloepoe to form a
OOLaNT OF BNOLIBH AUD SCOTCH FABMBBS, ♦
and obtain, if possible, a township of latid for the purpose. The Syndicate
and the DomtoiOn authorities gave every encouragement, and I hope to
complete arrangements for th«t purpose before retnrnmg to «*gl«nd,
• whidii propose to do in Notember, I anJ convinced of the suwriorift
of th^tSoTof Manitoba and the Norft West T«^tory in yield and
quality of grain, also dimate, and of the ability of the products to compete
soopss^W with any part of the world. I consider that the great bulk of
IHB "WHBAT COHSUiaa) Ilr GBBA* BBfir-flB
wUL eventttaUy.be raised in the Cana^ North Weit and will be con--
veyed to Hverpiwl and other ports «o Hudson Bay and Thunder Bay at
a tower ftei^hM^ from the Northwest States of America. I can, with
ooofidenoe, report on my return to Jdgland in fovor of M^
Cknvdbir North West as the best field for emigration in the North
Amerimn continent. ^ • (gig^ M. M, CofbA
, «WiinrtP«0,Oct22,1881. /
The pacts of Pfkota and Minnesota whi«A Mr. C«rae saw4wd wcamined
are by fcT the best parts of t»»«ee Statc^ «^^*H?J5? '^/'^'
Oaatletoo, etc- is leaUy very fine, one wo^Id tfainkaU tM could be desired
exeept pertispe that it is rtither^et soiMiim«A^ Mr; Co^wm venr iavor-
-^vTomiiiS with the Northwestern United States, as ahy sensible mw
would biL yi^ when he o&eJto see«and compare both sectoim^ t^ U. 8.^
and theOu^idiJta North West» hejriTes the latter the decided prince,
as rpm seniaUeidMa woiald do. m foUowing is the statoment of the
— ^ — J hai r . yAmB BOBinBTOOH.
y
T I-'
./'
V
** At the request of Dr. Madise I write herea few statenients in xeferenoe
^ I
*t«fe-»-»
39
\
t
e
to Manitoba and the North West. . I o^e to the oonntry in Janoarjr, 1874,
and have resided in. Winnipur ever slooe. I hare travelled throogh tihe
<^ntr7 as iltf west as FWl Mice amieast to Bat Portage. Thesoilalong
the Bed Mver can soareelf be anrnaessd in Inrtilitjr. In KUdonaa are
found fiurms #hioh hate been cromNkl elnoi Iflllattd even thongh no
manor; has been employed, ib» land yields 35 to 8(rbashels to the aore td
^wheat yet, with Verr l^e onltiTation. Booh a system as "rptattoo of
orbps" was never tnooi^t o£ . Wheat stublile was plowed under and
wheaTsown a|ain. This extrMne/lbrtilitT does nott extend more than 80
miles east or west of the B«d BiVer. The soil, however, as far west as I
have travelled is verr nperior,/ aid in many districts very Heavy. At
Portlge la Prairie, Big Plain^ Minnedosa, Brandon Hills, Pembina
Mountains, Millbrook, etc., I hf ve convened ivith fiurmers by the doieii
idd of wheiai is from 25 to So'bushels to
^ other ffxains In proportion.
iineri£tato4 turnip^
uid the yield is vcoy hufe* t^ the township of MoGr^or I saw this fid!
a patch of onions abdnt ifl^ wet square that produced fifty bushels. In
northwestern Manitoba,^e soil is
who estimate that the average^
the acre, of oats 45 to 50, and ojl
, " In no country have I
uoi
THAH IH THX IA8T,
)^
»
but it is vet fertile and with judicious oultivati<M^ cannot iUl to repay the
. labors or the husbandman./ There is a good deal of low land in sevenl
parts of the province, .buvit is all easily drtined and cannot fidl to make
the beet kind of fiurmingland. ](n several Places there have been fears
entert^ed that wheat would not ripen— in Act, it has been froien ere it
was npe. Drainage and cultivation will cure all this. KcM^west of
' Hinnedosfi I saw two Mds of wheat. The st^l was the sam^ and the
. ^ wlteat sown the sfme. Ota the side of one field there was a dram to take
liway i^rftoe water ; the other patch was without any, drain. The un-
. • dridned land waa sown three or ifour' days eariier<than ^ drained land,
and yet the wheii <m tiie drained land was 6ut on the !l,8th of August,
fully rip^ while the wheat on the undrained land was not ripe till the
28rd of Aiwust: The first frost in Manitoba in tiie autumn of 1881, was
on th^ nigbt (tf the 6th of Septraiber, and Was not of any account In
. some parts of the country th«r<eiiibund
in the soil. This b oonfiJMd, however, <to a ifew localities, and I am told
that manuring completely comets its efibcts. I have been thioi^h a good
part of Ontario^ espeqbdl^ the ^Northern portion.amd there is no part ^t
Iff 'ebual, much less supenmr, to Manitoba in fttrtility. Tliere is not mudi
wood found inthe country. The neater paft (tf the prairie wasu however,
^ once covered #ith a dmise fofest, but Qwiis|i to the pndr^
/' appeared. Wlien the counlry lieoomea settled these fites will osase, and
the trees planted or now ezisting, owing to their repaid growth, will soon
give a large ppiAy, while from
on the SttduA^ewaa, and the lame j^ forests <m tiie Upp^
settlers caajK>w bistaiipUed wi^ niel and tbnber without much difliculty:
The winters d0ter many from making this paiftof the wond their h^me*
I have sp«Dt ^ht winters here and would jAsi ip soda ttira 1ier« as in
Ontario. The i^t<ir&|g of ihe thermometer is n^ IndloKibJi as to ^e
^^-F^ foct of t he fro st on the ii yetem. .Th e Atm e ei^erp is r e i t j dr y , aai he ncr
frost is not ftlt.jevefely. I have ridden
ft
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.11
^ ■ I
fM
' ^^-'^-.
i .
" or even
in. One
THobtAMM OF MlUDi '^
ben in winter, lometioMe when the thermometer wm 80** or
40* Mpw MTp, and I never, had an inch^ mj skin jet fi ^ ^
reqnlivi, however, to be oanAil of the eztramltiei and ezpoMdfperta, if he
wonld iMspe MAg firoatphitten. Winter sete in about th^ mtddle of
NoTfmbtr and oonunuea till the beginning of April. The AJl of snow i«
Ufht,aTera^ng in depth <iinly 10' or 12 inohea. The settleri during the
wnote winter are able to attend to their work, there being few davs that
art thought eo oold or tU^rmj aa to detain them indoors. In all the diB>
triota I inalted I found t^e people oeperaUy contented and hopeful. From
Ontariovand the other Ph>Tino68 of the Dominion, from £:ngland, Scotland,
Irdland; and the United States, I foimd repreeentatiyei, ind there was
nneral contentment with their position. Many who /came early are
IndeDendent, while others are in ^mfortable circnmstflnces. There is
provision made for / y
and the Qovemmenfand people are putting forth Ian
IdfauB riaing geneiatioa ih» benefit of a ioooT o(»nmon
over ^ country. In Winnipeg and St. Boniface l .
hlgher'ednoation is attended to there. Several years /ago the Umversity
olMaiiitt^ was incorporated, and its ({zaminations 4re held every sum.
mer. The progress of education made in the Univdvity is very marked,
if ia remembered'that one eighteenth of all the land in the Kor^
lie efforts to give
lool MiuoatiMm all
two colleges, and
and when a ia remembered that one eighteenth of i
Weat ia sat MMurt for^ncatikmd purposes, it will
isnamw«d* There is
; NO 8TATK OHU|WJH -
fai CSBIiada> but all. the Protestant chardiea
eflbrlis to care for tJie spiritaal welfare of the
ment nhare the OoapA ia not preached
seen that the future
putting forth laudable
lie. There is no settle-
'reebyterian Church baa
majority of its-SO or 38
I are settlecT, "Ilhe settlers are of the,very
beai' daaa— quiet, kwabidino, moral, rellakius. They are inMligent,
wdi reiid, nrqgresaive.' The S#bbath is we^ obeerved, and the people
about 100 nraiching awftoni* <uid in the jpieal
diaMct flslda ordained miniattoa i
attend on we meana of grace. There are
country such aa a^re indafnt to
JlinBBT MXW o5i
but take the country nil in aU and I knoi
ratherldviae people to emigrate fnMn th^
The dUmato ia good and th<l countey
ihips to be endured m this
of no land to which I would
crowded conntriea of Europe,
ndapted to be the home ox a
(Signed) Jamks Robbktsom."
^ WtxumMOt Oct. .28, 18^1.
^' I hjave now .given yon all Hm tesllimoniea'that I deem necessary to
ahow the goo^Msa'of the Canadian NoHh Weat.
IlMve iitated>veragea of prednafai rather than the maximum in any
caae, m for InMaiioe, pMatoea are pot a* from 260to 400 bnahela per acre.
^Cliece ap^ however,^ mai^ who h»vf obtained mudi larger remlta, aa A.
Ctfliaapito Qreanwood, gao bpahpli BMf«» three yeara in succes sion ; John
"" " ~ Ia FnMe in Mto anme yean 1877-8-O2.6O0 bushels to
f«Oa Tnaholjip. p. E. M'Ooiraell, Cook's Creole, in
- Aaslnlbolne^li I87»; MO bashda, and
JohnltodfoM, |f KmenMm,'1000bnaheIs
<rf Cook^ Qcoek, lOOO bndieli, and
J. W* Adah ea d» Of St. O ha rie a , h a s
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41
100. two yean in luooeMlon ; TlvNnaf D»1m11, High Bluff, 06, vcA G«orm
Feiris, St Ajnthe, 100, in 1878, Mid ISO badi«la to th« mm in 1879; J.
H. B. HaU. Headingly, 100 in 1880 ; A. V. BMk«t<»d, Emeraon. 100 to th«
acre Mid.|n*ny othen «n equal amount. W. H. J. Swain, of Mooria, had
oitrona weighing 18 Iba. Moh«( Philip MoKay had oarrott c inohaa in
diameter and H^ohea long, oabbagei 20 in diameter eoUd head and 4 feet
with the leaves on, hii^oniona have meaaured 10 inches .in droumferenoe
and oauliflower Jieads \9 inches jln diameter, afad many others Hke them.
While of 200. reports received bj^e Department of Agriculture iMtyear
from settlers in the Catwdiai^orth West^ not (me was nnfavombli,
That I have under rKther than overstated the possibilities of products in
the North West will appear evident from the foUowinir, taken from
Appleton's New American Cyclopaedia, 1st Edition, Vol. IX, article
Hudson's Bav Territory, p. 320 : "Where farming is well conducted 56
bushels of wheat have been grown to the acre,- and 40 on new land ia
common, potatoes grew to a prodigeoiib size, and Swedish turnips have
reached as high as 70 lbs. Indian corn itoooeeds much better than in Can-
ada, it is usually planted about May 23, and hardly ever fails to ripen.
-Omkms reach extreme dimensions. Melons grow weu in the open air,''^eto.
Culture and care have of course much to do. with farm products eveiy.
Inhere, and those wh<^ oi^tiva^ most catefuUy have as a rule the largest
results.
■ o "• '<■
-„_^. — - '•'. ' ■■
In former communications, writtjm some months ago, and before I had
seen the Canadiim N<n^west or tiie corresponding region in the Utiited
States ; dependUig on t&e aocv^moy ^f the statements of ottiers, I deac|ribed
the Canadian Northwest M ▼e«7 m^ch preferable as
^ A fIBLp vott mino&AMTg
from the old countries to the Northwest of the United States, I iras
desirous of seeing both and judging for myself so that I mikht do noin-
justioe by over-eimmatinff the one or under-estimating the ouier. I also
• dei^«d to 909 thdb tbAtI might be tenabled to |;ive reliable infonnation';
as forae I could, to the p«opfo in Europe who intend to emJgrite some-
where, and now that I Oftve seen both I re-a$n|i all I hate statbd. It
eeraied apd still seems to me that tile claims, advantage and capabilities
oif the great Canadian Northwest have not been adequate^ made known
to the orowd4d popolatkms in the old lands. . It is a matter of the mitest
importance to people irho oqntamplate going out f nmi tiie land of their
birth, and of their lal^^' i^ves. to some new land, to found tot thon-
selves and their lanUUei ne«r homes,^ which in all pvobabili^ woidd be tiie
h<mie8 oi their posterity for all oonung time, that they should obtain, be*
iajfb making the deeiiSye movement, such accurate, fall and truthful infor-
matiim on v^ subject as would enable them to decide aright. Thill, infor-
mation I have sought to the best of my ability to afford. I have ^token
plainly of thiiuni as I have found than. I have tried to do jnatioe tc^ldie
Nortbem .Pajjifid Railroad tad its Rreat territory. 1 ,have j"iiotiiliu|
exteif^ted, nor aught set down in malice." t have given credit when anl .
where i# seeime4 due. So in r^;ard to the Canadian Korthwest.
4t also a great land* lonoh greater tiuui the other in extent and in ;
^qjiaUtjea, takmi its a wftola, and in all its partH. Tt iii at 1mirtjM||^
• oti
hundreds of .mllliont ol^aerM of it as
the eastem^i
:x;
.41 • ■ "■ ■ s', .
•Mteni portion of tho former, while it Is free from the two greAt faults,
. •ridi'br Mid ■upen^ndaot »IlnUr of an immenee region thereof.
. Toe «mo|;mt of land ftTniUble for ' . »
HOMIifnADa AND PBS-IMPTIOW
in the CuwdiAn Territory it eJao^eetly greater than in the other, while
what hea to be pnrohMed, whether from uie Syndicate or the Dominion
Qovemment, oan be obtained at a very wktAi lower prioe t|^ in the tJ. S.
Territory. I need not reoapitulate. I have laid enough, if it ia heeded, to
inform and direct mi^ rightly in thia important matter. I have stated
only what, from pertonaTobaervation and experience, I know, or of which
I have been satiuactorily informed, by men of reliability, lagaoity and
practical experience.
.1 have been asked by a good many people : . ** Do yon think I should go
and settle in the Northwest ?" I reply : jq^ must judge for yojaraelf. I
do not desire anybody to leave this Province or any of tine otiier Provinces
of the Dominion and go to the^orthwest. I had no such object in writing.
I think industrious people can do well in any or all of the older Provinces,
and people who are not industrious and careful will not do well anywhere.
My object, aa I have stated, was and is to give reliable informatidn to the
people in the old countries who desire and need to emigrate.
It may, however, not be impertinent or improper to indicate '.
BOMB CLA88W or PlOPUt,
wherever located, who should not emigrate, and some classes who should.
People who are comfortably situued, whether on farms or in otiier
employment,' as a rule should let well enough al<me, attend faithfully to
the duties of their several vocations, and remain where they are. This is.
especially true of those who are rather advanced in years. It is difficult
to change old habits, and there are always difficulties, expenses and priva-
tions in moving to distant -regions, and particularly to new settlements.
There may, however, be ticoentions to this general rule. For instance. -^-a
fanner wherever he n^y foUde in an old settled oounlxy, who has a lai;ge
family growing up, the ji^jority being boys, may h*ve a very good farm
and be suooeedinff venr wefi, th<i £srm may be jnst large ehough for one;
it may be worth |1(VOOO. The boys cannot iu always remain on the
homestead ; they must sooner or later go out into the world to work their
way, and then they'nUy and are very like to become scattered far and
wide, in time beocnne alienated and unknown to each other. I think it
would be wise and well for th^t family to sell out at a f^ prioe, and re-
move to the Northwest. With that amount of money. Supplemented
of the sale of stock, etc., eadi male member of the family
a section of lan<|, 640 acres, a. farm three or four times the site
^stead aikd have plenty remaining to give each <me an excellent
tiiey could be located in one oommnnity and pwrpetuate
raktiiMis while life would last, and their diildien after them.
Ithinkally
fBM liANDLISfl is THB 6LD OOUMTBIBS,
insteacf ci remaining there qnarrelliog about * little pettypatoh of around
and stmgfflinff vainly to pay rack rents, shonid, aa aeonas praoticaUe, em-
igrate to the CSanadian North West and maike for themselves and their
posterity better homes than they e^sr saw, tne of rents forever, and ob-
tainable now in soffideot iHnmint, almost *'witlMrat money and without
prioe." I tidnk evenrbody in every ocwntiy who cannot obtain fair and
TbH em ploym e nt a t f a ir onwpsfns a tjom. and who a re - willing to work and
by the"
oQuldql
of the
outfit
their ft»i
Th^
save and cobduot themadves -onigaAj, shsold ga to the fi"«^««" North
West AUebodied, healthjinto andwoniMn ofthe dass just indio^/
x^
{
■■1
;/
In
no
/ del
hill
tim
- ■ .*"■'« .. •
■»■
■|7l'
-.i ,-'
oan hardly fail to do w«U. FMniMn, Ulioren, mcohaaloi of all kinds of Um
oUuw juit indioatfld, will find fnll empIoym«nl «l mora than f*ir wagw.
Clarlii, iMMnen, and profMrional m«l of all c&mm hadlMttor b« ottra-
fal about nifring to th« north Wmm wltiiMl a praTiooa iMisfacitory m-
gagament, m$ it_aBeina to me that in thefe 0(}<|kpauooa th« rapply i« graatar
than the denAutd, as, indeed, it appean to baleTerjrwhere eua.
• I oatinot but think that if oomot infoniWktion on thia «nbjeot wara
fraaly oiroiiUted 4mong the peoplea in the mother oountry, they, inatead of
going eleewhera, la tiiey hare been doing for a oahtury, would oomt
rtrOOKINO IN |fULTITtn>lfl
to develop the oa^bilities, arid " illimitable po«ribiUtiea ** of the Canadian
North West, so thai the deaignation, "Orsat Lone Land," would soon
beoome a misnomer.
There need be no fear of crowding ^ in this generftion. Settlements
have hitherto been effected only on the borders df ^heland. The great
valley of the great Saskatchewan River, which will be the great wheat
zaisinff region of . the Northwest, has scarcely yet been reached. Then is
room m it alone for milliMM-— enough to constitute a nation. It abounds
with coal and almost all other kinds of minerab, as well as a most fertile,
well Watered soil, and a most healthy climate, and even that great central
section is a mera fragment of the whole. Ere many years elapae t^e whole
country will be oov<ved with
V A MBTWORK OV HAILBOADII. <
The route to be opened to Europe through Hudson's Bay and Hudson's
Straits will soon bring emigrants into the verr heart of the Northwest,
and carry its almost connmss million} of bushels of wheat to feed the
hunffry millimis dif the Old World. The Syndicate, even if it desired it,
can bave no monopoly of the carrying trade. \^They will, ere long, have,
to contend with sharp oompetititrnfitmi many other great canTi^ oom<
jtanles ; eyen iiow other -railroads are bewnning numerous and formidable.
Lud will not alwajrs, it will not long, reniain so easily obtainable aa
it is now. The lands along not onlv the main'line of the G. P. R., but
alouff its branches and the othw rwroads, will be ra|>idly taken up and
rapidly increase in value. TbtA appredatimi of value is now rapidly going
on as far its tiie roads an madia, tuA as the lands c<mtinue to be taken up
that increase will progress in ilmoat geometrical proportion. As the
country becomes known, now that it iaior the first time rendered accessible,
the influx of pq>u]*ti<m will increase jf'ear by year, and, befora nnuiy years
elapse, people will probably have to pay tor lands ten times tiie price for
which tney are now attainable withm efsy distances fnnn the nUlroads;
** twrfrttfii «a< «»pieN<i"~-a wc^d to the wise is suHdent.
Then is plenty of room for farmers, laborers and mechanics, who can
wprk and ara willing to do it, and the compensation is viij good. Lalwrars
12.60 per day ; carpenters 93 to |4 ; bridfclayers and jplnsterers $5 to 17 ;
servant girls #10 to |20 a month in Wiitfdpe|^ Brandon,' etc. Farm
labor $90 to $8fy^r the sununer, while in the vHnter if they ara used to
/the a&e they e4n earn hiafa wages in the woodsi;
What about timbw for btiudings, fences, Ibrewood, eto>> la often asked.
I raply, the bountry aa » whole is not well #ooded, miUi^ of aorea have
no wood, so it is in Orsttb Britain and other, oonntries, yet tiiera is a great
deal of wood in the N<nth West itlong the steefUma, the lakes, and <m tiie
hills thera is much w3od which will last with dure for many ye^rs, moan-
time large teumben df treea should be planted, they will grow raj^y and <
-seofr
t sup p ly.'
[a oepiai
the o o un try is hea v ily
wooded bjom the eastern boondMy of tiie fled Biveir Valley to the western
boundary oi Ontario, and it abounds withj aoinerali. The Canada Baoifio
' J
■ I'
'i I
■ . r.
• • ■ ■ . ■ it- »
. ■ ■ I y \
44
H
R. R. niM mat throaah th« hMut of this Woodwl ooantry, and whan
oompleted, m it will b« hi about Miothtr ymt, it will bring AbmidaiMM of *U
kinds of wood for all purpoMs. whilo from 60 to 100 diTIm in braad^ of
tho oountnr «Mt of tho Rooky Moantalna la very hMvily timb«r«d, and
whan the Rail Road ia completed through It, whioh will k>robably be within
thia preaent year, 1882. the eupply wUlbe praotioally inexhauattble, irhlla
the lopply of coal, leaving only from 8 to S per oent of aah, la known to
exist in inexhaoatible quantitiee, coal of the flrat qnallty, not poor traahy
liffnite aa in DakoU and Montana. There is thus na region of ooantry on
an thia globe whose prospeoto for fuel are better than the Canadian North
West. It would take an octavo volume of no inoonaiderable siae fully to
<" tell the story of this country, whioh was long misreprasantad aa fit only for
the homea of the biaon. the bear, and the wolf.
I have tried to give such information aa I supposed would be^ instmo-
tive and useful, and that I know to be truthful, to the people of the Old
Countries who are oontempUtiog migration or emigrauen, I have not
indulged in fllghta of fanov, nor of rhetoric, nor aougftt to round a period
at the expense of simple fact. I have aimed at preaenting what i knew,
or thought I kne# the people of the United Kin^om needed, and wanted,
"a plaih unvamidied tale" of sober, calm, veritable, yet inteUigent!
intelligible and sufficiently detailed observaUona and experienoeaTAnd
in concluding I shall only repeat that when thexlate lamented Benjamin
DiaraeU said of the North West. " It is a land of illimitable possibilitiea,''
he deacribed it in two words as no other two words in the language, nor
any other qumber of words could deaoribe it '* It i« a land of UUmitabla
pouibUUIet, it is new, it requires development, roads moat be made, houses
must be built, the land most be cultivated, but the land is ihan for onlti-
vation in Quantity and quality, as it la to be found no where else. It
needs no laborious and ooatly clearing '<}f timber, stwnps or'atones ; it haa
no malaria, ^ it haa inexhaustible anppUea of minerals of all kinds, of
aninukls. fowls, and flah, but its main minaa of wealth an in ita boundless
breadth of unparalledly abundant and fertile soil, nuAdng it the future
granary of the world. ' "
» -}ir^^ Hi^P^.*?!!* «fi?c!«l thftt • Rifcilroad wiU sQpn be made to
Fort York or Churofihill on HudK«i'a*ay, that hi oonnectionwith it there
ahaU be a Una ofateameri. oarrjHng at a cheap rate immigranta and others
from the Old World into tha very centre of thia wonderful land, and
w— — -^^^^ -• ^mm-*m mmmw W»#V V «» W WNMWaV VA Tlllg WVWiVnUA UUUl
oMTving the prodnota of tha soil and of the mine baok to feed the h
tungry
or tha
for
milllonir of Bunme, and supply their laotorlsa with materials
employment of millions more.
Thus will the vexed oueatloika whioh are oaothig anoh fierce and bitter
antajgenisma between landlorda and tenanta be sdved and settled, and
milhona of the pow and dependent made prosperous and happy.
■ *A ■¥ .
\ ■ %
m
'i ' *.*■; ' \
• ...'^•,'
■'■•-fiii
■ ■ ""ri"--
■ . ■/ .. .
■ " ..,
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■
s
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at I
aoi
j^'.
On
tioi
860
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45
^fC .
APPENDIX.
Dominion LAnda^^Begulations.
Th« following Regulatiotaa for th« lale and Mttlcmtnt of Dominion
LAndi in th« ProTinoe of ll4iniu>ba and (ht North- Waat Territot:iM iihall,
eta and afk«r the flnt dar of January, 1882, be lubatltuted for the K^ila-
tiona now in. force, bearing date the twenty-fifth dar of May laat :
1. The surreyed lands in Manitoba and ttie North- Wcat Terrltoriea
■hall, for the parpq|» of theee Regulfttiona, be elaaiified at follows :-»-
CLAfle A.— La9|da within twentr-four miles of the main line or any
branch line of the Canadian Paoifio Railway, on either m9
thereof.
'^if&OLAm B.— Land« irithin twelve milee,.on either side, of any pro-
' ' v J«cted line bt railway (other than the C^adian Pacific Railway),
approved by Order-in-Goundl pablished in the Cmada (MmeUit :—
■;■.: GiiAw C— Landi SMth otf the nudn line of the Oaoadlan Pacific
Railway not Indoded in Clap A or B.
Glass D.-rLanda other than those in daaacs A, B, and 0.
2. The eTen?nambered sections in all the foregoing olfwes are to be
held exolasiTely for homesteads and pre-emptions.
a. Except in Class B, where they may be aflbotfd by colonisation
agreements, as hereinafter proTided.
Except where it may be necessary out of them to provide wood
loto for settlers.
Ezoept in case wb^re the Minister of the ii>terio)>, .under pro-
visions of the Doidnion Lands Acts, may deem it expedient to
withdmw osrtain Iwds, and sell Uiem at pablio auction' or /other-
wise deal with them as the Gtovemor-ineConndl may dir^t.
The odd-nnmbered sections in Class .^aw reserved for the
Ginadian I^Miflo Railway Company. '
. 4. Hie odd-nnmbered sections in Classes B and C shall be for sale
at 12.60 per aor^ payable at th^ time of sale : '
a. JBxcent where they have been or may be dealt with otherwise by
the Croveraor-in-CouAdl, - < •
5. The odd-numbered sections in dass D. shall be for si^ at I9 par
acre, payable at tim« of sale: «
a. Ezoept where they have been or may bedealt with othemiise by
the ijK)Temor-in-Gonncil. ' C
Ezoept lan^ Kfliwted by c6lonisatiott agreements, as herdn^fter
provided. //^ ' i^
, . PMwms who; pnbseqaent tO/J&rvay, bat b^re the issue of the
Oidei^in-Conndl of 9th O^ber, 1879, ezdndlng odd-numbered sec-
tiomi fhmi honestead entry, took possession of land In odd-nnmbered
sections by reBid|ii^ on ukt cultivating the same, shall, if continuing so to
p o cnpy tho rn , J te p e rmitt e d to obt a in hom e stead and p^-<mption ent r ies as
b.
o.
3.
b.
6.
U they wtre on evat-nnmbered sections.
•1 ^*
46
7.
pwi-nrFTiom.
The prioM for pr»-«inptioa lata •hall be m folloira s
For iandc In (JlaaMt A, R snd V, |2.A0 mr aort.
For land* lo Qmb D, |3.00 pt mert.
Pajnmla tball b« oumU In on* wm al th« and of thraa jmn
horn Iha data of antrj, or al ittoh tarliar data m a Mttlar
may. undar thm provlaiona of tha Dominion I.<anda Acts,
obtain a patMit for Uia boniattand to which luoh pr a-ampUon
lot balonga.
TiMBKft roB neTTLua.
14. Tha MinUtar of tha Interior maj diraot tha rrtarTation of any
odd or avan numberad Motion having timbar upon it, to provida wood for
homwtaad tattlan on Macticma without it : and aaoh such tattler may, whara
tha opportunltj for lo doinf axUta, parohaM a wood lot, not ajKOMolDf 20,
aoraa. at the pnot of |5 par acre in oaah.
i6. Tha Minlatar of tha Intariw mar grant, Dnd«r Ifca nmyiiiioM ct
tha I>ominion LandiAeti, HoanMi lo oqC tlnaber <mi lands wltfiin ■onrajad
townehipa. Tha landa oo?ared by such licenaai are thereby withdrawn
from homaataad and pre-emption antry and from aala. ^\
i^'
%
Dsefol Information for 9<ttlers. .
A aattf ar may obtain a gnuat oi 160 aorca of land free, on aag n mai i Wad
laotiona, on condition of three yeara* oontinoooa reaidanot and coltivatioa,
and payment of an offloa-fea amounting to tan d<mari ; and ha may purchaae
on ra a ywi a h la tarma acyo^i^^ portiona of aeotiooa by " fwa-amption " or
otherwiaa.
A aacUer ahonld obtain firom tha Local Dfuninicm Limda Agenta gmeral
iaformatioa aa to landa open I6r aattlemtot. The marka on the a«pom-
paayins Map ahow certain landa tdian o^Mid, thar«fbr% not aT«ilabla
for aalliemant Of oouraa, other landa maylhave ba«B taken up ^ince its
compilation. EzMt infimnatioo can, thtamSof, only be obtainad at tht
Local l4uid OAcia, whiok ave ahown on tha Mm.
All sa an mmbmrt d aactiwM (azoapt 8 and ttite-aaarters of 26, which
«reHadaon'aBBTCo.VLuKla)aratip«i for aaH^ aa net lioBieateada or ap
pra^mptiona, oidaaa slraady taken op bgr aett]#fB.
Od d m m b ered aactiona (with the aaioaptioii of 11 and 29. wkidi are
School Landa) for 24 vilca on each aida of^tha Canadian Fteifio Railway,
may bo ganarally atalad to be Bailway Lands, pordbaaaUe firom tha Gom-
OV aad MOt opwi tot ho ma a t a ad and pr^-amptiop. Thar* are alao other
way Landa, which hav^ beta qmopriatad in aid of almilar under-
takioga. (8** QflMal Land lUgulnlilM, n«xt chapter.) Beyond the
limita of tha land granted to such vnteriruieH ocMawm &ared aactiona mar,
if anrvayad, b* porehaaed dinet from th« QoT«aiin«nt»-on terms atatad in
the Bogolationa nmurred to.
A aaMler in Manitoba mnv fl<i|manoe on compuntlvaly amaO capital ;.
that la, anooch to bofld <me of thi iaaxfendve ^onap of the country, to
boy ayok* <n oxen and a plon^ his aaed gnin. and auffident proyiaioni
to anaUa hin to Uve te on* year, or niiiil fib ftcal crop comae m. With
a littt* andmcnnc* at fint, from thli pollt be may attun to a podtion of
_ 0^_^Mw lmd,tk seller nny take wi^ him to Manitoba or the
ft-.
Korth-WasI Territori«s oonaklertbia e^pttal, andinTeBt it in kiie iarniin|
^
Y
/
4T
wobdbly find
IW wMMr r«|ttirw •illMr * %mm of horM or folw of omb, • whv»
<iMt, * pbw Mid luknow. ohaln*. UMt. dbOTob. tiovtak bodHiftd,
•to., wUoli U mfk obtftfn for ftboul $900. or «*>• rtg. A prinattTO hooM
Md olablo 10*7 IM Imilt for £30 moro. Tho oo>t of bmmmtt proHaloM v'
for ft fMiUy would b« from £18 to £90. Tho ooot of tb«M itTina ItMM
tmy TMY wilh oinmiMtanoM, •ithor ImIha moro or Um j bnl » t^vme wIm
«0M QQ his farm anflloiontly Mrly to plant potatOM •«<} othor oropa mny
llvo at vary ilttla ooit
• rP' ^ ■""* ®' ^*** ■*i|f ^****^ *• **» '^»** numU
of Ganadlan oiirranoy, would enabk a farmar to begin ,
of ootnfort. That lam would ba dlYidad, PMrhapa. in
lows tr-
I about 600 doUani
a modarata Mala
a* fol>
and harrow,
*o.. ieo.00 i
00.
farmar io start
with nittoh
whioK ooala
tba tttuning
_ Ona ¥oka of oxan. §120.00 j ona wafgon, 180.00;
•20.00 ; ohains, axsa, shovals, Ao., $30.00 1 stovsa, b«l
houaa and stable 9100.00 { provisions. $186.00. In aU «n
, Of oourae, a capital of r£900 (or $1^000) would enablJ
m_ batter style nod with mora oomfort ; but imaiy have a
MSB, and are now well off. For instance, tbe Red Rivsr
from flf taen to twenty dollaia, and one 6x, might do ™ .^ ..^.»hi
rwiulr*! on a small farmlo begin with, and ^tar thaflrat f* bcaaking " one
ox could do aU the plowing rMjnired for a family.
The Oermaa Biannoniia sattlMrs who oaiia to C^madal
Russia a few years affo~<that ia, tte fMHirtiunUies of the
vary much leM j and ^ay are ttAy very prosperous, and
The Maanonite antflttor «m faaUy, avenging five parWms, oensistaA
of one yoke of oxaa, o«i cow, one plow, oiia waggon, a^ one oookiaff
stova—the whola obtalMi at a ooot of $270.00. or£64. Ilda comprlial
the outfit of one family, ai)d in the case of tba poorest, two iuniUta fhfb-
bed together to ose otte outfit The coat oi nroviaions tor ' '
one family for a y«v waa $08 (£18.1fi) the proviafama
wholly of floor, poiii, and baana.. No mooay waa a
in«s in which tli^ilitUTad. These consisted for
Uid sloping on aolaa and ooversd with aarth. Thtofaotia
^^ ^*^ ■■— "^^ Wfa>^*m * settlar may suooeasfuUgr
from Southern
started wi«^
lajvacropa
1%^ aif
/
plenty ; but, iiiii| tliat thalog or frame house of th«
at so modasalt #r ' • •' - . -
Unit
thabuilil'
^braak,
to show
pB(i attain
can ba built
JKIagdom
labour and
ha is
soma
on
,. . i; ""^ probably few sattlara txtgat^^^ ,
would be wUHag to do as tba MannbnitaMii& Jfany* a •
arer. make a bard stenggle for in^bq^sodanoa, lUid fincl both
bis bardahips awaatanad by^-tMoonaoionanasa of the dail
taking towarda that epdr It may further ba mantionad _
yeMs to attna, tha|a %iU be ra^raya and pubUo wbrka iq
which the poorer sitHlaia may wOrk for a part of the tima af ., ^_w-,
and so obtain maaas.to tlcU orar the first ^oultifB of a sattbifs Ufa with
mem oomfort. The satUar piebald to have ''oontinnondy'* lasMad on his
homestead^ if not abosat mora than 6 months in any one year. '
Tha lattlar from older countries should ba careful to adapt hteaelf to
thooa mathoda which axparianoe of the country baa proved tcT ba^wjse,
i;ftlli«rtiiaa tiy^to Mttdby k
baa baeft aooustomad al home. . U^^
Ftor faMtanoe. with r aapact to pIowiai|(, or, aa it is csdlad ** btraakiag '*
Kqfms.wnis f 1 itsrilBg Is sst down tnjon.^
JssnflklsatlyaxactAvthepuitSMof thlsla^
^ .a
/
,/
•'"',%.
______.__..: ^^.^ _■ 4^ :_____:__j :__:^
• .■"'■-■,'■■■..'.
the pmirie, the method in Manitoba ia qnite dlfltMrent from that in the okl
country. The prairie ia oovared with a rank veaetabto growth, and the
qtte«ti<m ie how to rabdne thu, and ao tnake the land avulable for faran-
ing purpoaea. Bxperienoe liaa proved that the beat way ia to plow not
deeper than <t0o iacAac, and turn over a furrow frmn twiAve to aixteen
inohea wide.
It ia «qpeoiaUv deaiimble for the farmer who entera early in the Spring
to put in a crop of oata on the fint breaking. It ia found by experience
that the eod pulvwiiea and deeompoaea under the influence of a growing
crop quite aa ^eotnally, if not more ao, than when simply turixed and w[%
by itaell for that pnrpoae. There are alao fewer weeda, which la of very
great importance, aa it frequently happens that the weeds which grow
aoon after breaking are aa difficult to subdue aa the nod itself . Cuge
crops of oats are obtained from sowing on the first breaking, and thus not
only is the cost defrayed, but there ia a pdoflt. It ia alao of great
importMioe to a settler with limited means to get tlils crop the first year.
I^ne mode of this kind of plantinffja to scatter the oats on the graas, and
u?^en torn a thbi sod over them. The grain thua buried quickly flndi.ita
way through, and in a few weeks the sod is perfectly rotten Mr. Daley,
near Bigstone City, in the vidnity of Bigstone Lake, sowed ten aoree tlL
oats in this way. He put two bushels and a peck to an acre. Li t|ie
fall he harvested 420 buahels of oats, which he found to be worth enough
to p#y for the breakingand give him 976 besides. This is a practical
reported experience. There Is also testimony from other fanners to
similar effect. '
The settlttr should plant potatoes the first year for hia famfly use, and
do other little things of that kind. Potatoes may be put in aa late as
June the 20th. All that is required is to turn over a fnrtow, put the
potatoes on the ground, and then turn another furrow to cover them, the
face of the arass being placed directly on the seed. Ko hoeing or further
, oultivatian is rMuired except to out off any weeds that may grow. Very
heavy oropa of fine potatoea have been ffrown in this way.
Before the praliii ia broken the aod is very tough, and requirea neat
force to fanak it; bat after it has once been turned the mbaeqnent plow-
ings are very eaqr, from the fri^Ulty ql the soil, aB4 gang plows may
eaaihNbe noed. r; X-^^^ "
On aooQunt of the ipwst foree required to break th^ piairie In the firat
inrtanDa,,tiia» are many who pr«fer oxen to horses; and there ia alao a
Uabiutf (tf heraea becoming si» in Manitoba when first taken there from
ttie older parta of the continent, until they become accustomed to the new
feed and tiie country, eapedally if they are woriced hard.
It ia for thia reaaon that ' oxen, whic^^tfe not liable to the same
casualties aa horses, are better suited for breaking the prairie. A pair of
oxen will l»eak an acre and a half a day, with very litUe er no expense at
all for feed. Mute have been found to do very well, and they are con-
afidered well adapted for prurie work.
Diataiacea on the Map, in miles, may be ascertained approximately by
09unting the Towtaahipa to be passed over and multiplying the number by
six.
(jands of the Oanadian FiKsiflc Railway Oompansr.
The Compmr offer lands in the FertUe Belt of Manitoba and the
Korth-Weat TerrttoiT; for sale, on certain conditioos as to oultivatian, at
the price of §2.00 (10s. ttg.) per acre, one-sizth pltyable in oath, and the
)
■f
)
i
''-^
-11»«ordWooodllloMofaiUe«wj^ >
minmJ ^*^^ u3r'±?" •j'««°"'«» «» abo™ prio. lai
oulti;;to^SSS^l?iS«^ •***^ P~ •«" ^"1 »« •"«w«d for .U l»d .a
retiK«tt^tfv»tloo«d1^^ «;*~ot with
««erve the right, in thilr mhT^^M^^ «»e.«i»rtfiea time, the Gompuiy
conveyed to hS/wSerS 2Si2? to' ««i?"!^.?* qu«tity iTS
entitlid to A^t^oSL^S^^oY^tS^^A^.H'^'^^
cultivated Mnj«roA.^rS!Sit?i33S X" ^o«W« *»»• VuaiUty
exceed ooe-hrif ^ST antoi^«iX»!i!?*- ^^t,"*' *» dmmnA not tb
exceeding leKonL to lSSr^««5?**^*i "" ^. oontmct, And^ If not
V^ ot^d^i^i^£^'!^^^.T!;i^ r^"» i» which the greater
and theienpon the See ehidllba^w^S^iy!? *u "**"^^ ***• Comwuiy ;
origimOIy 6em nuXSSl; ViJJw!?^!!? ,?* ** **** oontrwt of mlehad
:.-/■
m
For UuthM Infoniuitioii, ipply ftt th* offio* q{ ^ ^1^* ^'
tliotonMw H*o«. London. EoglMd ; to John H. MoTjivWi. I#»f ^<>«nP»^"
•ioner, WinnipM, MMoitobm to th« Swnprtwr of th« GomMny. at MootMnU
CMUldl^ or to Alnauider Ba|(g, Bnrthokwnow Plaoo, LoodcM, Enflwod.
QIBOROa 8TBPHXN, JPn$iiimt.
CHARLES DRINKWATBE,
It wiU nmMMr, from a ootnpMriMn of thaw oonditioaa of Mle by the
Fttdfio Bailm Go. with tho Doninion LMid RognlntioBi^ tut if a fM^
of ioar adolti dtdn t» mtOo togothw they mur obtain a rMUy lai««
«»tate on very noa«rate ttmk CVMrinrtMioe, oadiof thefonrmamlMnpf
the iaauly may eettle on the four free homee t eadi , of liO aoMS «a<m. in
any efw-nnmbered mMMMamed eeotkm. Bach nay then puehaM aiiotM-
m •am a* 13.60 (Hk. etg 5 per acre from the Paeiio Mway Co. fa the
adjoininff odd-nomWed eeottou. Thia is the lame prioe a* that olTeted
by the Cknwmnent in oImm* A,,B and G.iidth the exception that the
Hwlflc BaUiray Gompnny offv a rebate ef liaft (Ita. vte.) P« •«!S» ^*g!!?
fonr yean following the date of pnrohaM, on condition of onltiTalion.
TIm aettleta, while bnikling on the homeetead* and making c!alti\ation
thaveon, wonld be able, w|^ the time menHoned^alM^ to ealtiTato tbe
whole or the graater part Of the Ffeoifio Bailway land*. The office fee for
entKing Government Homeetkds is $10 <fi etg). A famUy^ foor wM,
in thiaway, in four yean obtain* large eotote of 1,280 aoree of profa^y
the fiehaat wheal growing land in the world, at a nwely »J«»^?™»»
and thna leonre a position, not onhf ef companmve, bat of falwHiMtal,
wMhh. Fttmere WWiaona can with great advantMo avdl theowelTea of
tluee conditiBmi, and have €he advantige«-<rf ndghbowrhood m eettang
tOMtiieT'
^Ti duer where it is an oWeot for families with means to Mw ^P»aA
farm mora extensive tracts of land, the iMnlatfons would also idmit of
thk. Vor iMtanoe, two brothers ndf^t taCe nn as free homestsads two
quarter leohtoin of any iQovemment lands, ana pra-empt tiie other two
qnarter seotions, tfiiis obtaining a whole seetion U^m sflws) for Jh^
homesteads and pra-emptieaa. They eonld then W^ the w^Ie ««
cMlrof the fonr adjoiata^ odd-nnnAered aeotions of Baaway landl, and
tiras obtain between thorn a large estate of S,ttO ame. By odtiv^ing'
the odd seotMM and gettiiMt the rebate, this estate ooald be murahased on
exoaedbglf moderate terms ; while the role of the FMifio Railway Co., to
iniMkeoenltivation ap It oonditfo^ of sale, wiU aotaaapowmrfnldisBaasivo
to aoqiiMig lands for mare specolatimi. The a«tnal settler lor some years
to oome, wul have huge tnets of tend to. ohoese from. The anaagement
•we have iadkated is espedally desirable for settlers from EnglaMi with
The land policy ^ the Govemmeiit of GuMda;comlJlbed with the
advantages oflbrad W the BMific,Bailway Co., is tlifll most liberal of any
on the (Smtin^nt of toth America^
Liberality Of CMiAadiaii iMad. E^ra&ationa.
The Canadian Lsnct Regolatiflais hating besn very ganarally represented
to be mora oneioiis aod less Ubena than those of the United States, It is
proper to point out to intmding settlers that ten deUMSS (tK^ tmmu the
whole of tto office feef in OsmA, either forapro^mptfonwa^qj^^
whde in ttia Wastatn'States than are three fees* one olnridit doUan, pay-
•bl^ on entry^ aobfther of eightdolU|rsforao< wnini sBi « i n, aiiaano!Uieroltw
1;-
.'V:
i
V-
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T
P
w
tl
x ■ -.
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• » \
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^'
51
undi *r« sold *t 92.00 and 91.25 Mr aora. ThMe prioM an naariv th«
■»me» but th« differanoe ia favoambla to CMad*. ^^ ^ f
i-i«ii'*** ? reoerted that Hot od tfie Continent o! America, and H b
WlJerad not elaeWkere. are the Lanl Regulationa m> favoSiMTal to
'^i^^J^H^i^ H ^% CM>*dlan>aturaliMtion Act that aUtaa nuwr^
tK?!?'^ ^".-^ "^JP**^- • -•t-Hftom BritU .nbjeot. * ^
The only dlMuahfloation of aliens is that they are not qnalifled to hold
eSSoSi ^^P^^^t or to vote at Pariamentoiy or muSdJJj
«wSf A"^ •Uegianoe reamred qt alien* who deibe to beoome Britidi
ry52!^'^P^?,"P"**" ^<**'"*y *^ the Queen, and Conrtitution. wilh<nit
toy djwrimination Hiitort the nation froS which .uch alien. bSme/ —
i;.fi. u Jjrl^i^T*^.?**^ Government land, however, the followfiiir
<**^ *■ "^'imiBfee talien by a British robjei^ :- *""owing
M*************'********!
-- COVBT
JadldU
l^trlot, I
WV«««««>aa« ••••«•«,».. ..,.^,,, I
Steteof.
Im. ••*^.M, .••■,■„„, ,,»„.„^„,„^^^^^^^ J
L_,Jdwee Mtjeet Iwu. AndTiirtlwr, that I^aew SSS^Sm^t^J^^
XT?«»,<>'»V •'«ai*HW- of NobUl^ of the ooaS»yVheSS?hSJ SSSf^iJftjS^
..V SofaAeribcd and sworn to la open Court {.
., thjs........^y of........ ...».18 ) —»' ••"•..•. .\ ..'..........;i,.
....••.•.t.<..i.,.„,i..^M,.,„„,Q|0l>^, ^
X
Hudson's ^y Ootupaiiy'B Lane
Section No. 8 and three quairterv of Section No.
nmnber of Townships are Hudson's Bay Cknupany's Ian(
must be oiraful not to enter upon them nnlMs they "
from the Company. Th« prices vary aocordtog to "
Brydfigs 1* theTjjnd Commissioner of the Comply,
is at Wumip<«, liCan., and appUcations m*y ben»de
Under agreonent with the Crown the Hudsoii Bay Comnanv aw,
entitled ta one-twentieth of the lands to the « PerW^f^^-ESL^
about seven millions of acres. '""'"« rerpw^ iJelt, estimated at
in the greater
. «nd all settlers
^ye acquired them
lity. Mr. C. J.
official reaidenoe
him.
^^Now^-In every flfUi Township the Hudwn't Bay
bpanyhaa the wilo^ of
SohbolLaDda
uS«S«l£?:iL*?* ? ^ •^'*5^ Township an School I^. T||.t
rtL'^^?!^ .*^,**?F "»• •*• *» be applied to the suTOortjTSnoaSnn
j^^vvu- «v. /' ana xv m evenr xownahtp are
mffl.rilSf .S^f^'* t private eale. When li;
pttbH» <»metttimi» «t ancfion. JQl atmatlwit oil ^
they wffl pass by such sale out of their fiandT^ '
M ednoation.
of it Witt be 1^
Mia, the^oiv,
wh«i aoM, or
■»_ ,.^^
0fl
» The Mlilmr iii*v loinvlini^ii flnTlt oonvttiiaiit to Imy knds, mitiallv
improTedr wii^ tmUdiiigi •mi'ftnoM upon them of ftrlvato pK>pn«ton.' It
,vefy fe«q««iitly happena that half-bread or other knde may be obtained on
mocmnie 'terms. . • ..
. <sm
Railways and Q^ters.
''' ifanitofa^a. has aktadj unbrcdcen 'connection %r Bailwaj to all parts
of the Continent of America : and tfaf Ouiadliui Padfio Biilwa/ is already
pudM nearly three hdndred miles west of Winnipeg, and will rvach the
^Booky.Honnlains in aboat one year. The .Gamdian PaoiBo Railway
(ootoneotita. b^rweoi Thni^er Bay and WinnipMr and is now open for
tn^Ba tiwt ardnoos work kdnjf- bonaideted. This gives tndepapdent
Owadian^Qommnnicatlon between the Eastern ProTinoes and theNorth-
^West dnrtng the seisoa of natigation. Other lines of railway withi^ the
Nertti'West are being poshed rapidly forward. j^
$iUol<»iaatton fiauways 're being proj^etod in eveiy diiiiotion j and it
is p ropoesdto open np another outlet to Euhtpe via Hjudson's Bay.
^ : HlMMVr system oC the Osiyadtsn Nbrth«West is d fsiA extent, and
among Hktm^ rjimariEsUe la the world.' Tlie Bed lUfer, which riau
in the United18tatei^ls.Q6ft mlkalong, and it is naviglUefrom lifoorhead
to Irfike Winpipeg. Thii Idw u 240 miles lobg, antf la^ narigatad to the
month <tf th^great Ssakatohenran riTer, which takes it rise in the Bodcy
Mountains, its « total leqgth being aboiit 1,200 miles, narigsible as high as
Fort Edmonioo. almost niider ^ Bobkjr Mountains.
The AsainilwiiM is a rirer about 800 miles kmg, draining a vast eztMit
of country, which 4^Ages into the Bed Biyer at Winbipeff, end is
niHTi^Ie ss BMr as Fort Euioe^ and at fkyosujable stages of watmr for many
miles higher up. .'. W-
There are numerous other rivers and lakes wUch'cannbi be desoHbed
h^e for want of space. Those above are. inendmied as ike principal
channels alre^ nnUaed for opening up the bountry. ;' ' ' ,
Hie settler irill peroeive Uiat with such a svetem of ndl and water
conununici^on there can never come any qucetMMi of irut of markets.
Tbe fiomis mark^'ho^evto. from tiie Ium influx of settlers and the
immense constrtiotion of publio wbr|cs^ vdu i^Morb aJl the jKroduce for
:;many years to come. ^ .--•,
F--
General iDiinBOtioiui*
The intending settler in IfaHaitoba i» advised not to encumber himself
with very heavy luggage unless It is absdtutely necessary. Cumbrous end
heavy arades of fbrnnue such as chairs, stoves, tal^ei^ etc. would pro-
bably cost at mudi in transport as Hiey would be woith, iiad4mngB of this
sbrt ffui be obtained reasonably in Mani t oba. But be%, (tinll]|Ml)»
iMdabub and dothing of all sorts ahooM be taken. AgtIeuiiltBl lin^e-
mentsOniidishodO^^^ ^ )i^^ adapted to tha ooni|irf) vreuld be
better purahaied nfter arrival ; also tool^, unless tboi» bekaguig to special
trades.
> thi
: ' "■ *■ so
di
>^.
■'f ■ •■. »
V >
IMI
8oin«tim«i» 1ioiv«v«ff^ wImh % wtiUkk mg»§m m car ^mUIIj to i$kB^
up hb dholi, h* anj Am it ooavinifiit to jpot iiraTliiiiiff Ui, and tlMri la
▼•ry frMoandT M aeoaomy la thb kind of vn
liidfvkhMd litttoft ai» dtowd 180 Wm. i><%ht <f toggi^ gad partftii
goinc toMtliir oiAf antm tS kavt tlMf logmn iraighad tQM(li«r» m^
ao liava the whola aTatagai, bat^TarTtbiaf otar 160 UNk waigHt ia ofaaiicadl.
atidth|« oharga, in tiia obi of fralfht^of tha kind rafirfad to^ ia (oftan
fo«9dtobaazii«na|vii» ■■ : ,. . ' , ^
SatUara tan^ vtf^mmo by ifkSL and itaamar on Laka Suparior all tha way
ttoHOi HaliAa or QqOao on Gaaadian, wil at nraoh lowair rataa to Winnr-
' PM( than thay can ft^ 9air Xork, and aia not troublad by Oottonf Bma
officiala. , ■ ' '.- ' "^■.' • /^.,
SattlaiB ffoing by way df Um UiOtad Statea Bailwaya mual aM that
. thalf peifonal lonaga^ih azaininad by ^ l^* ^ Goatoma ofioafa at Poii
Haron, aftar.9rogdnstl»B Oatiadian llrontiar at Saraia, and prariooaly that
their haavy fraight haa'baaii boodad.
At Emaraon, an afafei of tha Canadian Gotarnm^t wWba Iband,'
Mr. J. B. Tatn, and ha wlH «aiat in diaohaigliai^any bonda ofiiiattigiwi^'
aflboto, and otliarwfaagfva, information how to prooaad. / :,. v. . ,
' At Winninag thara ia alao a Ganadlan ImmigratijMi ^gant^ Hr. l¥ni.
HaqpalaTf to whom immigranta may apply on arnval. :/><
All intandlag fattlara will^ obtain aithar ftom /tha Wnnrdtum
ImminatiQi) Age^ orlkom tha Ipnd Ofllam, difaotttea aa to whaM to
go aacjiow to prooaM^ aalaet lan^^ if ^flr'poial^ daatiiuttioii ia npt^
previonaly d«kahninad.' Thara. ara «1ao CMfnuiairt l4|iid Qiddaa wlut'
^direotpaiiiaaofaataaritouiairpartiiyiirlofla^tiaarA - .
All aettlerl ara^MMtoiaUy adfiaad t^
gag^ and aa9 that ItTla on tha trilna. or ^taa■^Watiwjt^^H^^ii^ projMrly
- chackad. Vary gnat djaappointqiant aikd loai Iiat^^^iliBii ooonrtM from
naglaotoCthiapraoaatioo. It ia b«Jb<r iMfha ittimignu^t not to prooaad
-nntljl m knowa hia luggage iioo tha train. .
Sattlais'. aflbotiflnofiiding thair oata« Id om^ i*iU be j^«Mad fiaa
tfiroogh tha CiK^.Honaa, and linyoaeaartMy banding artangamaii^ will
be mada» which will ^thqa pii«ian| any delay,^Uiiton«^eiitonOa»!ar loM ooenrr-
ing; Jfooh paaaa m w r, biforwhia dapiitara ik«nl tha por(inQiaat Britain,
shoold be proTidad with addre^i qarda an^ ha ahonU ,aaa that one ia
fiutenadtoeach,(4||iapieoaaolk«Mli' /
Imniediatd;y||l|i the aniyal^Taattlaia In OiaOMMdiaii^ North- Waat
4ha'I)omii^on GMrarnmaBt aganti will aaa them jproparly aoooinno^btad&
aiid will giTo tham atwy liilbMiation to airiat tbam In ohooafaMF aoood
looaUty to aatUa in. -^ .'"./:,. .7^^-^* "
For rataa^of paipag^ dthar ,ooaaa or Inlam^ it ia ballar to aptkly to
the aganfa of tha ataamshipa or the naa«eat Bonunioii AsaniL or aome
aooradited agant of the GOTarnmant, wlio wHl girf all i^iifonnation and
7-
• :/
Canada lifOiaat
O^, kio,.
dirMJtiona.
Tholollowing are the ^ofBoan of the Doini
Britainr^
LONDON^..... . .\ . . .Sm AxaxAHDiB T. Oa^ _. _,
Comnsiaalopar for jtte_^ominioii, 10, Yi<
« Ms. J. GouoiK, ~
^■■■ ^_ _ . 'abovOt)' '* -^
'LtVSBFOOL. . . ..> ,Mb. loax hmfUJWakmMi**^
^ASOOW . .... , .,lia; TsumAB Gbai ' - - - -
j^Vm^AWt, ; . .. . #*«.Mb. GBABiMfcor,
toMna
(Addxeaa i^
^ »
.Sqnaca.
t,
apt;
'L
u
DUI
M». Tromai CoNiroiXT, koiihomlMMid JHoaa«.
follofwlng ^ tlM agmti of tb« .OuiadlMi Qov«nimnit in
.Ma. L. STAfroKD, Pofat Levta. Qii«b«o;
.........Ms. J. A. DoHAUMOM, StmohMi AvenM. TdMraiito.
Ontorio. ' ,
'AWA..........M<kW. J. Wit^ St lAwranoe and 6fetaw« RaU-
vv,,.^;.*.., .- w»y Stotion. Ottftwm, OntMte.
OlrniEAL.......Ma. J. J. Dalst, Boiiav«9tar» Stra^ Mootraal,
v,^»»l»» Plt)viii<»4rfQtteb«j.
KIKOSTON ..Mm. R. Maotiibmon, Wmiam Street, Klnnton,
Ontario. . ,
BAUWrOJX Mb. Johk Smitb. Oirent Weitern Railway Station.
^ Hunilton, QntaAo.
S?8??L:- M*. A. O. Smtto, London. 6ifi^
HAUFAX ....MK.E.GLAT,HaUfax^Kova8o0tia.
^JOTW. . . . ..... Ma. 8. OABDim, St. Jalw, New BnuMwiok.
JSNglPy Mb. W. Hbspilbb. Winnipeg, Manitoba.
KMBRSOUr... ..Mb, J. B. Twu, Bailw^'aUion,. JK«,an, Mani.
/ tob4. ' ^./K ,
. Ta»e««. oiHoMe will aftird the fiilleit advioe and protection. They
•honld be immediatdk appUed to on arrival. AU oonplaiati ihiNild bt
addi««^ to them. They will bIm fbmlah failbnnatioB aat^ Laadi open
fof fMtfwMttt In thdr nipeeflire Protittcei Bnd tJiguUM, nrmht JS^
demand for employmenti t«tit of wacei, roataa of ttmveL dlstanoes.
**P?Tf SS**^'^''?'***' *"* ^'^ wodfe and forward l^tlan and ranitt-
enoee foe Settlen^ Ac
MuMmm and Funphkta wiU be fomished mtis and poat-free on
ioation. by letter, addreased to Bep^rtnent of Af^onltore, Ottawa,
' i • ■ ■.'.■■■
Jtfmmat by Doniaion line Milinf inlween Liverpool,
^.u^'*"'*'^^.*** ■*»»?*» •^ iivwpod and Wftland, Maim^
V (tailing at BrilMt en the ]MiM«efrotti Liverpool t-T^ ^
Oamn paaeagt tidtete ...i...?;. ......|50.
Jtetam^do^ do... ...........v. .v............ ........|0O.
nnder 12 yeais half fon, under 1 year ikee.
y / V ^♦••"^•'^»I*J^wp«>lt<>Qn^orPortItod.
Ag^ ^— J^ '**'''*^"'"''*"*"'"^*^*^ fiunmea... £4.
^^^^""^'"■'^•o aei faBW.«.»,«.«,*»,,,«»,j,„,,,„,,^^,^,„,,,, . ^....j^to.
« gofaieai, hut wh^ mepaid in CMiada.*....!;.. ...!!!!r!..!!^^
^ Inlennediate....'...^..................... .„..„ ST
^ ^J^ V^ *■ gSSTlJCfhildftti from 1 to 12 yeaiB
v«»^j^, ofafldnn fr«k 1 to\2 yean httf fiira, m^ 1 yef il 1/ or
|6£6j_ <Mdran»d fl«hen . Hoi mrridftd for ii SToerileala «rW
^rf^SSbSSS.*^ aooompi^ mv^pif the| nsnal o«k nm nt
-^
X!
u
X
-^
/.>>v
4
FVom Olufow to[QiMlMo,->Cfabln £1S 12/ or |6l obildrm andtr IS
TMn half flu*. iDtanMdiiite U 8/ or M2, prwMid f40. Chikbmi from
1 to 8 TMTi hiOf fiur^ ondor 1 yMr £1 1/ or 18.86.
Fraoi Xiiwrpool or QoMiutowii to BaUlkx,— Cftbin £15 or |76, and
£18 or 190. CftiildrMi from 1 to 12 t«uw hidf Am, «nd«r ono jmx frM.
Inttemodiati, adolli o?«r 12 jmn £8 8/ or 84^ propaid 840. Ghildimi
from 1 to 12 yaart half flu«( ondor om yaar £1 1/ or 86-26. Btatng^
adoltii oTor 12 jmn £8 6/ or 827, if prepaid in Ouada. Childron from 1.
to]27Mnhalfikr^ODd«rl)r9ar£l l/orf6.26. Savants in oabin £14
or 870,
.Aid azparienoad Surgaon it attached i» «aoh staamar of both Lines.
Amittad pMMffa ratat from Onabao to Winnipeg,— all rail 821.64, via
Lakee Huron and Bnperior, 8l6.o4. The latter la Ml to Oollingwodd,
then eteainer to Prince Arthvr'i Landing, thence rail to Winnipeg, and ie
All through Oanadiah tbrijtorjf'and in the iummer time is much the.
more comfortable way, takes onlr from one Ip two days lonaer and sares
all trouble about bondiimgooas^ and Custom House Omoials. Cabin
passengers ar^ .ofv coniae^ fbmlMied , with ererything. Intermediate
paasengen are i&rnlshcd beds, bedding' and other requisites. Steersge
p esss ng e r s require to proTide tnetr own beds and bedding, and eating and
drinking utensih^ but these with the exception of bed ddthcs, can be
hired on board, at »chaige of 88 ots. for edMh ftdo^» and 44 cts. for chil-
dren. •■■ ' , . ,
Large and heavy articles shoold not be- taken, they would , coil more
for fMght than they*woyd be worthi r
Oaoin passengers are allowed 20 cut)ia|iBet,\ Intermediate 15, a^d
Steersge 10 cubic fiset of bsggage free, all ot^ that is chaigad ooe
S^erling'per foot for ocean flrdight, and the asua|l rates hj mL
ury thia^ that is nee4ed osh be pnrdiased when wanted in th<>
Qp/fiur mSre suitable, and at much lesi cost than th«f can.be
broiight as extra baggage, especially when railway carrisge it long, as to^*
the North-West. ^.
All are weU^siiiiplied with good, wholesome, well-cooked food. '
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MAP OF A
f-- . 1'' :\ ■'■'
'h
rf?.'
TION OF THE P
BTIOV^XN
WON LANDS SUilVE;^ED, AND DISTINGU
PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT dF AGRICULTURE, FOR THE INFORj
i.K..;*'.'-'
3. '■///. m w/, v//, m '////. ■>//■:
--' ■^-/, 'r.w tf,/ '/ ■' '///, '///' v///
Wa/JA ml nrntfrH"""
mmmmwmmm'-
wmrrmfrrm nS90v9!)l
TH E PROVI fJCE OF. MAN \TO^K
f
Ho^w^ii^a-
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A.' H
.«. ■ »''''
TINGUISHING CERTAIN LANDS m§POSEIi 0:
OR THE INFORMATION OF INTENDING SEHLERS, JANUARY J2th, 1882.
/
••
OF.
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•
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■%,.,;
QIRAM
U numk«r«4 and Jl4dlvM«lt *
HON.
qutrad only by homiiitftd
i ' * ,i
th« wh«l« of Mctb|i 76
ComfMny. /
;;.•,.. . - ,/ ■
flOTik— The lyitcm ml
Svrvey fiwd by Uw for
Manitoba and the North-
West Territories defines
all Townships m o'
the oniforai dimensiwis,
mode of division V'oto
Sections, awl the oam-
Seetions as
««ch
Section ip about one mile
square, sind contains 640
acres, it is sub-divtded
into quarter-sections of
160 acres each, more or
leu. / .
A Road AUoWan^ of
90 feet, or one-and-a-half
chains, is laid out on the
Ibies dividing Sections,
and on all Boundaries of
Towndiips, according to
the original system of
sqryey, under which n^r-
ly the whole of the lan9»^
shewii on this Map were
surveyed. ,
f ■'#
^rplanation 0! ilarks on Mnp
m'i^y '.t^ATki '■
•Tfnptions, i/evrn numberei^fctionai dr
mtmbered tiectioH»no$as:iipi*Mto raU^'.
•way or otken^iBt. dixfi^aed 4j/' /"
RailwKxya m operaiion or located
Local Land OfJ^ce* wherf alone ini^h
fifUlfrtt con adfaifi. tJit taUst ut/brmalion
as to land* ^iU- open/ot emtry:
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lienisMflMiHiiiftftiiii^lfirsiliiMMiaeiiaaMn
intending settler wiU note thU Map oontaiTrnpnly the Lands Surveyed Mk pa^ of tk^JProvinoe
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■ m^nmrnitri
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7^ 0/ ^/^ Ifovinoe of Manitoba. There is an almost iUimitable extent of Lands for SemmAt fi
tf h
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/or Settlemat further West.
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