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 ;.;^^.-. 
 
 ^. 
 
 M 
 
 €orrc0] 
 
 fo C •/ 
 
 B] 
 
 Jamss K 
 Bbnjami 
 William 
 
 KOBEET 
 
 Thomas 
 Jesse an 
 Lbvi Wo 
 John C. 
 Andkeht 
 Georoe 
 Aaron B 
 Samuel 
 RooEi't B 
 Michael 
 James Gi 
 James A. 
 R. H. Mo 
 
 Oorernmenfs, like 
 tnejr »re ruined too. 
 Oovcrnmeut fanuot I 
 
 C0( 
 
v/ 
 
 THE 
 
 LIFE AND TIMES 
 
 J!.:'i 
 
 m 
 
 Of 
 
 '^ 
 
 MAETIN YAN BUREN: 
 
 THE 
 
 €orrc0i30n5ence of i}xs Ixxtnis, Jmnilu mi |)upil0; 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 BRIEF NOTICES, SKETCHES, AND ANECDOTES, 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE FOBLIO OABEER OF. 
 
 Jameo Knox PotK, 
 Benjamin F. BtrrLRR, 
 William L. Marcf, 
 KoseaT J. Walkbr, 
 Thomas iliTOHiE, 
 Jessk and Lurbnzo Hoyt, 
 Lbvi Woodbury, 
 John C. Calhoun, 
 Andrew Jackson, 
 Gborge Uancropt, 
 Aaron Burr, 
 Samuel Younq, 
 RooBR B. Taney, 
 Michael Hoffman, 
 Jambs Gordon Bennbtt, 
 James A. Hamilton, 
 R. H, Morris, 
 
 M. M. Noah, 
 Jacob Barker, 
 Aaron Ward, 
 C. L. and E. Livinoston, 
 M. and H. Ulshoeffer, 
 Solomon Southwick, 
 Gboroe McDuffib, 
 Louis MoLanb, 
 William H. Crawford, 
 Amos Kendall, 
 Georoe p. Barker, 
 Gborob Mifflin Dallas, 
 C. C. Cambrblbno, 
 Cornelius W. Lawbence, 
 Samuel Swariwout, 
 Silas Wbioht, 
 Walter Bowne, 
 
 Edwin Croswbll, 
 Andrew Stevenson, 
 Prosper M. Wbtstorb, 
 Enos T. Throop, 
 Reuben H. Walworth, 
 Lewis Cass, 
 
 John H. Eaton, '. ' 
 
 Ae:ariah C. Flaoo, 
 Stephen Allen, 
 JuEL B. Sutherland, 
 James Campbell, 
 Francis P. Blair, 
 Jonathan I. Coddinoton, 
 William Coleman, 
 Nathaniel Pitcher, j.* ' 
 
 T. W. Olcott, vi 
 
 S. AND L. Bbarosley, fee. 
 
 BY WILLIAM L. MACKENZIE. 
 
 .;:'M" 
 
 Gortrnments, like Clocks, go from the motion Mcu give tlieni j and u Governmenti are made aid moved bjr Men, i« by tbein 
 Ihejr are ruined too. Wherefore UoTernmeaU rMhur depend upon Men than Men upon Uovernments. Let Men be good and the 
 Oovcrnment tanuot be bad. If It be ill, thejr will cure it. But if Men be bad, thoy will endeavor to warp and ipoil it to thdr turn. 
 
 Preface to the CoMlitution of Ptnn$flvania, 6y WiUum Pntn, 
 
 i.h 
 
 BOSTON: 
 , COOKE & CO., WASHINGTON STREET. 
 
 
 'i\y 
 
 
 '■4 
 
 >,. 
 
 ■ ■ *m 
 
 
 
 ^i.J. 
 
 ■ '4 
 
 1846. 
 
 .^' 
 
 "V. 
 
ENTEnED .locording to act of Congress, in tlic year 1846, by 
 WILLIAM L. MACKENZIE, 
 in tho Cloil;"s Offlcc of the District (.'uurt of the District of Massachusetts, 
 
 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 
 
 BAI. 
 
 Aboi-itionists. Author not one G5 ; Marcy 
 proposed to abolish the 274 ; Jeflerson one uf 
 the first and firmest 270; Yoiing on 281. 
 
 Adams, John CIuincy. Young a means of 
 his election as president 57, 5H ; on Me .ico 
 t)l ; Albany Argus speaks for 70 ; and a^ain 
 83; 97; 101; vindicates Jackson's Florida 
 inroad 107 ; on navigation of St. Lawrence 
 111; Kendall on 1 18;' for relief to e.viles 131; 
 bank votes 134; bank enquiry biiulkod by| 
 Polk 135; on the bloodhound 14G; Campbell i 
 agt. 193; Croswell's artful planagt. 195; didn't 
 resign 198 ; Wright on 203 ; Sanford for 204 ; 
 election lost by 20G ; Swartwout's unprincipled 
 opp. to 209; V. B. and 214; to Dutee J. 
 Pearce 263 ; [his father on Canada 282,] 
 
 Adopted Citizens. See Foreigners. 
 
 Albany Argus. [See Edwin Cro.swell.] 
 Not in state library, when for U. S. bank 
 76; views, 1828, 128; V. B. on 190; on both 
 sides 195. 
 
 Albany Regency, or Bucktail Head-quar- 
 ters. 51 Feds, join them 29; 168; Noah on 
 214. 
 
 Allen, Orlando. Buffalo bank and 91. 
 
 Allen, Stephen. Sub-treasurer 139: de- 
 nounces the banks, he had made 174 ; to Hoyi 
 for Tammany Bank 241 ; for U. S. bank, lb. 
 
 Allen, Vm. Senate. Non-colonial 280 ; for 
 V. B.295. 
 
 Alley, Saul, 112; on tyranny of bank mono- 
 poly [a new discoveiy !] 174; wants Thomp- 
 son removtd 214 ; how made a bank director 
 
 ai2. 
 
 Anderson, Elbert J. A delegate for U. S. 
 bank 249. 
 
 Angel, W. H. [orC] 111; 126; 132; 231; 
 hammers Root 234. 
 
 Anti-Masonrv. [See Southwick.] V. Buren 
 on 204 and 229; Throop for 207; Adams for 
 253. 
 
 Anti-Renters, 14; a godsend for the Van 
 Burens, [as in 1812] 148; 150. 
 
 Apology for this book. 5 to 18. 
 
 Appraisers of Merchandize. Swartwouts 
 e.xhibit of the N. Y. sworn 223. 
 
 Arbuthnot, Capt. executed by Jackson 106. 
 
 Arnold, R. J. On gold mine, nullification, 
 &c., 227, 243. 
 
 Austin, S. Y. unfortunat« as a bank debt 
 coU'r. 94. 
 
 Baird, John. Butler and 153, 158, borrows 
 from 158. 
 
 BAR. 
 
 Baker, Caleb. 158; Butler's reinforcement 
 by 160. 
 
 Baltimore Convention, 1844. 291 to 298. 
 
 Bamber, John and James. Marcy's con- 
 duct to 67. 
 
 Bancroll, George. Was anti-slavery 295; 
 on Convention, ib. 
 
 Bank of Alabama, Depositcs at Mobile 12-1. 
 
 Bank of America, N. Y. Origin of 26 to 
 28 ; depositcs in 124. 
 
 Bank of England. Its loans 1835 to '37— 
 l37 ; Peel on its new charter 140. 
 
 Bank of Slate of N. Y. 116; a national pet 
 124 ; a state pet 139. 
 
 Bank Restriction Act. On repealing it 138; 
 Marcy and Flagg agt. 175, 176, 177. 
 
 Bank Stock Tax. Nevins agt. 188. 
 
 Bank Suspensions, 1814, 1837, 1839. Gris- 
 woldonl24; Binney on 135; in '37—136-7; 
 Washington and Warren, and Barker's Ex- 
 change 154 to 162. 
 
 Bankrupt Law. Van Buren's profligacy 
 caused the necessity of 78 ; bank movements 
 137 ; Butler, Edmonds, «Scc. on 267. 
 
 Banks. Tompkins on 27; Bailey on 28; 
 Pennsylvania 36 ; a bank hard pressed 39 to 
 44; N. Y. 1828—84 to 86; Clinton, &c. on 86, 
 87; affect public justice 86; in Buffalo 90, 
 91 ; Jackson on 92 ; Cambreleng and 101 ; 
 Young about 128 to 130 ; a.ssignats preferred 
 to 138 ; Hard on 138 ; Peel on 140 ; Olcott o;i 
 pretended 157; hints to empty handed, by 
 Butler 154 to 160; Flagg and Marcy on 175 ; 
 Nevins on 188-9 ; Cambreleng & Tibbetts on 
 232-3 ; bankrupt 267. 
 
 [See also. Banks, of America, Auburn, State 
 of N. Y., Buffalo, Chenango, Chemical, Cin- 
 cinnati, Dry Dock, England, Exchange, Ful- 
 ton, Girard, Hudson, Long Island, Lyons, Me- 
 chanics &. Farmers', Manhattan, Merchants', 
 Morris Canal, Metropolis, New Hope, N. A. 
 Trust, Plattsburgh, Tonawanda, Tradesmen's, 
 Utica, Watervliet, Washington and Warren ; 
 Bk. restriction ; Bk. Suspensions; Free Bank- 
 ing ; N. Y. Safety Fund banks ; Pet or depo- 
 site do. ; Sub Treasury, and Stockjobbers.] 
 
 Barbour, Philip P. In Crawford Caucus 
 55 and 195; 101. 
 
 Barker, George P. City Bank, Buffalo and 
 90,91; 132. 
 
 Barker, G. R, cashier. Letter to Butler 161. 
 
 Barker, Jacob. Sets up Butler as a ' wild 
 cat bank' president at Sandy Hill, 38; entraps the 
 
 public 39, 40 ; 
 ii'i-n concern 
 •U; ButTak) Br 
 m't of his W. 
 W. it W. B. 
 hire him agair 
 letters 192, 220 
 Beach Mosi 
 Sim 280 ; exlr; 
 policy 305 to 3 
 
 Beardslcv, 
 Bank 90; ill 
 BeardsK'V, S; 
 Polish exiles ]! 
 2.j3; tofloyt— 
 Beekman, D 
 Beers, .losepl 
 Bennett, Jan 
 on Calhoun V, 
 141 ; 184 ; lettc 
 235--6; on Vsir 
 gun 236-7; bo 
 gets a cooler 24 
 Benton, Natl 
 Benton, Thoi 
 s(m 98 ; and fo: 
 Berrien, Jolu 
 ]5ettingoiiEl 
 against 205 ; 
 Rilcliie's 210; 
 Webb's ih. ; Ln| 
 
 Belts, Judge 
 to punisii lioy 
 141 ; laws scare 
 Biddle, Niclu 
 petition to 79 ; 
 
 Binney, Hori 
 133: speech on 
 141. 
 
 Birchai'd, Ma 
 merclianiH at H 
 Blair, F. P. 
 88 ; on Congref 
 139, 110; his s 
 mens 144 ; noli 
 lie expcnditnre 
 state 215; iii!2,( 
 the printing 245 
 Bleccker, H 
 oflice li'om V. 
 Blennerhass£ 
 ate 62 ; his son 
 Bloodhounds 
 and poor negrc 
 Bockee, Jud 
 toms.] Votes 
 sure 131. 
 
 Bogardus, C 
 265. 
 
 Bouck, Jose] 
 
 Boughton, I 
 
 S1250 for spea 
 
 Bowman, J( 
 
 pulsion of Clii 
 
 Rochester ban 
 
 immortal 17, J 
 
 Bowne, W 
 
 ^r^'^-^Sif'-^.. '■ 
 
BOW. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 BUT. 
 
 Hi 
 
 letts. 
 
 EX. 
 
 itler's reinforcemeni 
 
 18U. 291 to 298. 
 tnes. Marcy's con- 
 as anti-slaveiy 293 ; 
 
 lositcs at Mobile 12-1. 
 Y. Origin of 26 tu 
 
 loans 1835 to '.37 — 
 -ter 140. 
 .11(5; a national pet 
 
 On repealing it 138: 
 
 ), 17C, 177. 
 
 ins agt. 188. 
 
 i, 1837, 1839. Gris- 
 
 135; in '37—136-7; 
 
 1, and Barker's Ex- 
 
 Buren's profligacy 
 bank movements 
 
 on 267. 
 27; Bailey on 28; 
 
 hard pressed 39 to 
 
 Clinton, &c. on 86, 
 86; in Buffalo 90, 
 tnbreleng and 101 ; 
 
 assignats preferred 
 1 on 140 ; Olcott oji 
 
 empty handed, by 
 and Marcy on 175 ; 
 2leng & Tibbetts on 
 
 erica. Auburn, State 
 igo. Chemical, Cin- 
 id. Exchange, Ful- 
 , Island, Lyons, Me- 
 ihattan. Merchants', 
 , New Hope, N. A. 
 anda, Tradesmen's, 
 igton and "Warren ; 
 nsions; Free Bank- 
 inks; Pet or depo- 
 d Stockjobbers.] 
 Crawlbrd Caucus 
 
 Bank, Buffalo and 
 
 :.etter to Butler 161. 
 Butler as a ' wild 
 Hill, 38; entraps the 
 
 public .39, 40; piifls his Washington and War- 
 !ren conct'rn 42, 43; wanb; a national bank 
 44; Biifl'ak) Bank and 134; Butler's manage- 
 'iivt of liis W. and W. bn.iik 152 to 162; on the 
 W. &. W. B. 139; pays utl' Buller 16.3, would 
 hire him again 163 ; to be tried lor fraud 169; 
 lellers 192, 220, 
 
 Beach Moses Y. Polk's herald, through 
 Sim 280; extraordinarv change of his Texas 
 policy 305 to 307. 
 
 Bcardslev, Levi. Vote on Bulliilo City 
 Bank 90; ill; 1-29. 
 
 BenrdsUn', Saiiuiol, On bank deposites, and 
 Polish exiles 131 ; Bank votes 134; nickname 
 2.'j3; to flovt — nolice t)C254. 
 
 Beekman", Dr. .lohn P. 15-1; on V. B. 293. 
 
 Beers, Joseph D. 137; a proper deputy 261. 
 
 Bennett, James Gordon. On Kendall 122; 
 on Calhoun 139; on state prison for defaulters 
 141 ; 184 ; letters 221, 222 ; Marcy, Webb and 
 233-6; on V;m Buivn, U. S. Bank and big 
 
 xm\ 236-7; 
 
 borrouiiig — hot 
 
 for V. Buren — 
 
 gets a cooler 2'13. 
 
 Benton, Nath'l S. On banks, Ice. 93. 
 
 Benton, Thoinas Hart. Votes for Steven- 
 s(m 98; and lor V. B. 112. 
 
 Berrien, John JNJ. of Ga. Jackson and 109. 
 
 ]5etting on Elections. V. Buron for, Wright 
 against 203 ; Gouveineur's 213 ; Hill's 239 ; 
 Ritchie's 240; lloyt and J. V. Buren's255; 
 Webb's ib. ; Lawrence's 262. 
 
 Belts. Judge Sam. 11. Could not find a law 
 to punisii Hoyt. [He only stole $220,000!] 
 141 ; laws scarce nowadays, ib. ; nolice of 190. 
 
 Biddle, Nicholas. Van Buren and Marcy's 
 petition lo 79; who he was 115. 
 
 Biniiey, Horace. Report on treasury banks 
 133: speech on Polk's pets 135; on currency 
 141. 
 
 Bircliard, Matthew, Solr. Treas. Fiat against 
 merchants at Hoyt's request 271 ; 152. 
 
 Blair, F. P. On foreigners 71 ; for banks 
 88 ; on Congress 97 ; against Sub-treasury 134, 
 139, 140; his st}'le approved by V. B. — speci- 
 mens 144; notice of 145; Fisk on, ib. ; on pub- 
 lic expenditure 146 to 149; a hired machine of 
 state 215; $52,022 paid for his press 233 ; lost 
 the printing 242; on Polk 292; for anybody 295. 
 
 Bleecker, Harmanus. Anti-war fed.— gets 
 oflice from V. B. U. 
 
 BIcnnerhassett, Harman. Burr's confeder- 
 ate 62 ; his son 259. 
 
 Bloodhounds. Imported to track Indians 
 and poor negroes in Florida 146. 
 
 Bockee, Judge Abraham, [Ex — N, Y. Cus- 
 toms.] Votes to let the pets keep U, S. trea- 
 sure 13 i. 
 
 Bogardus, Cornelius S. 10; 13, 14; 223; 
 265. 
 
 Bouck, Joseph. Vote on deposits to pets 131. 
 
 Boughton, Dr. Smith A. J. V. Buren gets 
 S1250 for speaking at his two trials 148. 
 
 Bowman, John, of Monroe Co. Moves ex- 
 pulsion of Clinton from Canal Board 53 ; gets 
 Rochester bank' (party) charter, ib, ; one of the 
 immortal 17, 57. 
 Bowne, Walter. Votetl to expel Clinton 
 
 from Canal Board 53 ; against choice of Elec- 
 tors by the citi/cns 57; 194; piui.^es V. B. for 
 his uprightness 102; 112; with liuik'r 169; 
 185; V. B. on 216; 218; aided in .st-nrting 
 Blair 233. 
 
 Bovd, G. D., Columbus. Embezzles S51.000 
 133. 
 
 Brady, Judge T. S, On tlie Baniber case 67. 
 
 Branch, John. An M. C. takes office 101 ; 
 his conduct and opinion of V. Buren 109. 
 
 Brce.se, Sidney, U. S. Senate. Law to pun- 
 i,sh embezzlement no law at all 141. 
 
 Bribery and Corruption. Clinton on 30; 
 87 ; Congressmen selected for ollices 96 to 100 ; 
 124. 
 
 Brinlccrhoff, Jacob. On Canada 283; for 
 Van Buren 295. 
 
 Britain. Great, gloriotis, salutary and 
 peaceful reforms in 4(5. 47. 
 
 Brokers, Wall St. Butler abuses them 1-! ; 
 is sharper than 1(50. 
 
 Brownson, Alvin [federal, merchf. O.swego]. 
 Votes to drive Clinton from the canals 53; 
 with the immortal 17, 57; a Butler -'emocrat 
 169. 
 
 Bronson, Greene C. 207. 
 
 Brown, William [Brown, Shipley & Co.] 
 Bank loan to 137. 
 
 Brownson, O. A. On trading politicians 
 35; letter to Mackenzie 143, 
 
 Buchanan, James. 98; lOO; 123; colonial 
 policy odianged 280. 
 
 Buckner, Wm. G. Hoyt, and the banks 
 and 179. 
 
 Bucktaijs. How named 50; Crawford cau- 
 cus 57 ; Butler joins 163 ; no office if not one 
 186; flag 198; 211. 
 
 Buel, Judge Jes.se. Sells Argus to V. Bu- 
 ren, &:e. 190. 
 
 Buffalo, Bank of, 1816. Di.shone,st charter 
 grantetl by Van Buren, &c,, to 31 to 33; But- 
 ler on 154; Hoyt for cashier 155. 
 
 Butfalo, Bank of, 91. 
 
 Buffalo, City Bank of. Some facts about 
 90, 91. 
 
 Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. On Mar- 
 cy, &c. 125. 
 
 Butfalo, Commercial Bank of. 94. 
 
 Bunner, Rudolph. 200; 212. 
 
 Buonaparte Napoleon. On national hospi- 
 tality 67. 
 
 Burke, Edmund. On popular movements, 
 1 ; on currencj' and usury 149. 
 
 Burr, A.vkon. 21 ; the first to nominate 
 Jackson 58; 259; his plans against Mexico 
 and this Union 60 to 63 ; notice of 62. 
 
 Burrows, Latham A. Skinner tries to in- 
 fluence 197. 
 
 Burrows, Silas E. Swartwout praises 223; 
 notice of 223 ; loan to Webb and Noah 235. 
 
 Butler, Bknjamin F. 5 ; Qlcntworth affair 
 by 11 ; 16; Polk continues $20,000 a year to, 
 Ritchie defends him — Butler's early life — ^piety 
 of father and son — Washington tc Warren 
 bank charter passed 37, 38 ; Butler as its pres- 
 ident 39 to 44; his hy])ocri.sy ib, ; Wright en- 
 Idorscs him 41 ; on Polk, ib."; the Brokers and 
 
 •I 
 
 ;• "I 
 
 
 1 
 
 .j^' 
 
 X 
 
IV 
 
 CAN. 
 
 tNDRX. 
 
 CLI. 
 
 43 ; he prays to Biddle for a branch of the U.|282 to 289; opinions on, ib. ; causes for revolt 
 S. banic 7!) ; a strong U. S. bank man &i to 80 ; 1 285 to 288 ; Marcy on 293, 295. 
 wishes stockholilt.Ts not to be liable 8G; 128 ;i Cantine, Moses I. On banks 31 to 38 ; 129; 
 borrows U. S. revenue from pets 135; tariff | dies 190; state hank director 307. " 
 
 Carfjill, Abraham. Vote on M. and F. bank 
 
 manageiuciit I3i). [Letters.]" Pender and 
 principle 152; '.stp tod preaching' 152; ClintonlSfi; 20G; 208 
 152; banking 15L'; law, banking, chancery, Carter, Nath'l H. 
 Van Buren 154 ; Hoyt and Bank of Bullalo 
 155; banking immoral 150; avarice rebuked 
 157; cunning and champagne — the Palroon 
 158; gulls the people 159; bullies bankers and 
 brokers — crows IbO; postscript to piety — fair 
 and proper calls 161 ; exhorts Jesse 102 ; Julius 
 Coesar, a bueklail 103; V. Buren partnership 
 — Sandy Hill, adieu! 10'l-5; American Ers- 
 kine, organized corps, envy 100-7 ; piety, 
 cheating in politics — Young's nomination 
 1G8-9 ; dear Hoyt, John Duer 170-1 ; on Jack- 
 son and banking 172; abuse of Clinton by 
 152 ; 101 ; 104 ; 167 ; for a U. S. Bank— not 
 now! 171; Flagg on election of 173; Dist. 
 Att'y Alb. 190 ; wrote PJowne'.s report against 
 popular elections 194 ; on Hoyt's sureties, ib. ; 
 a candidate 206; 221-2; cant and hypocrisy, 
 unequalled 254 ; on laws for debtor and credi- 
 tor 207 ; at Baltimore 293 ; moves Texas ! re- 
 solve 294 ; on hard cider 295. 
 
 Butler, Benjamin F. Lettrrs, number 1 to 
 number 67 — 63 letters, in all; pages 151 to 
 172. 
 
 Butler, Charles. 154. 
 
 Butler, Mrs. Harriet. On Mrs. Olcott 150; 
 esteems Jesse Hoyt 108; on Croswell, Noah, 
 Sutherland, Tallmadge 170 ; makes Edmonds 
 a Belisarius — Hoyt, Butler, &c. I7l. 
 
 Butler, Medad, father of B.F. His piety, 
 dtc. 37. 
 
 Butchers and Drovers' Bank, N. Y. Lost 
 in 1828—93. 
 
 Calhoun, John C. 47; his course on Texas 
 and Slavery 64 to 66 ; vote against Stevenson 
 98 ; 105 ; on Seminole war and Jackson 106 ; 
 casting vote against V. B. 112 ; votes for V. B. 
 as president 112, 283 ; on removal of deposits 
 121 ; for one bank or a specie currency 140 ; 
 afraid of losing the tariff" 143 ; Blair and 144 ; 
 Selden on 174 ; 189 ; Godwin on 251 ; on bank 
 
 rupt laws 267 ; on slavery 275 ; on laborers 
 381 ; on Canada 284 ; on lands 308. 
 
 Oambreleng, C. C. In the Crawford Cau- 
 cus 55 ; 100 ; notice of 101 ; visits Crawford 
 108; votes aii' to Poles I3l ; votes on deposits 
 134; enacises for V. B. 181; on Clay, &e. 
 200; for Coddington 207 ; wants a place 213; 
 picks partisans for customs 219 ; letters 224 ; 
 226; on railroad and turnpike 228; against 
 McLane's Treas. report — on Webb 230; on 
 bank and workies 231 ; for Tibbets's plan 232 ; 
 for a national bank 233 ; on Pewter Mug and 
 private letters 234 ; an M. C. getting P. Ms. 
 and b'k directors appointed 242 ; note by 263. 
 , Canbreleng, Stephen. Stilwell for 226. 
 
 C;.mpbell, James. 112 ; letter to Hoyt — dis- 
 like j the mcrchts. 191 — politics and elections 
 193; on Clinton's death— SanforJ 203 ; 219. 
 
 Canada. A refuge for the slave 65 ; trade 
 112; Brownson on 14-4; 268; insm-rections in 
 
 Editor — V. B. stops his 
 paper for economy 187. 
 
 Cary, Trumbull. Safety Fund report by 89. 
 
 Cabs, Lkwis. Memoir of 102 to 105; on a 
 bank 104; on Indians, slaves, and Texas 105; 
 before JBahimore convention 292, 293 ; on the 
 Indians 296. 
 
 Caucus. V. Buren j-cs and no 44 ; Crawford 
 congressional 55 and 195 ; Butler for 168 ; buck- 
 tail 57; .T. V. Buren's appointment by a 148; 
 V. B. 190; state 197. 
 
 Cebra, Alderman John Yates. 220. 
 
 Chanceuy, Court op. 13 ; [see Wm. T. 
 M'Coun ;] a.skcd to remove old Buffalo bank, 
 a Nuisance 33; Kent refuses Butler's injunc- 
 tions 42; use of in safety fundb'ks 94; Butler 
 and 151; tried for a base purpose by Butler 
 160 ; Butler and Van Buren's practice in 164- 
 5; fees long in coming 167; its bushel basket 
 170 ; court of errors worse 193 ; notice of 303-4. 
 
 Chauncev, Commodore Isaac. Recommends 
 Wasson 220. 
 
 Channing, Dr. W. 11. To Clay on Texas 
 63; on laborers 281. 
 
 Chemical Bank, N. Y. 33; 87. 
 
 Chenango, Bank of. Its charter how passed 
 34 ; V. Buren dodging, &c. 129. 
 
 Church and State Unions. 09, 70. 
 
 Cincinnati. Commercial Bank of, deposits 
 in 124. 
 
 Clay, Henry. Van Buren for 83 ; on Ste- 
 venson 97, 98; on St. Lawrence navigation 
 112; vote on V. B's embassy 112; treatment 
 of by Kendall 117 to 120; "ot interested in 
 U. S. B. 119; on Duane 122, Young for 128; 
 on state banks 138; Campt)ell on 232; Van 
 Buren on 197-8; 202; Noah's slanders 214; 
 Cambrelengon 232; commissioners sent to Pa- 
 nama by Adams and 279 ; on the Colonies 285 ; 
 R itchie on 292. 
 
 Clayton, Augustine Smith. On U. S. Bank 
 233 ; on private letters 234. 
 
 Clayton, John M. Vote againrt bicvenson 
 98; rejects V.B. 112. 
 
 Clark, Aaron. 165, 167, 196. 
 
 Clark, Lot. In Crawford caucus 55 and 
 195. 
 
 Clinton, De Witt. 21 ; Clinton nominated 
 for President, 1812, 44 ; opposed by Bucktails 
 and Feds 29 ; exposes official corruption 30 ; 
 recommends the Convention of 1821, ib.; and 
 Bank inquiry 35 ; Van Buren his political 
 aide-de-camp -44 ; Spencer on his and Van Bu- 
 ren's conduct, 1812, 48, 49 ; Duane on 49 ; 54 ; 
 the Canals and 50 ; V. Buren's duplicity to, ib. ; 
 he is expelled the office of Canal Commission- 
 er — American gratitude to 51, 52; his perse- 
 cutors 53; Van Buren lauds him 5;;^wiien 
 dead 54; but hated him, ib. ; Col. Stone on 
 V. B. ib. ; Jackson and Ritchie on 55; enmi- 
 ty to 56; Davis on 81; on banking 86; 108; 
 
 J 
 
 J 
 
 \ 
 
CRA. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Die. 
 
 es for revolt 
 
 tv on Texas 
 
 U. S. Bank 
 : bievenson 
 
 us 55 and 
 
 .M 
 
 127: Butler's abuse of 152; Irtl ; 164; 167; 
 V. B. ou 184; 19(v-7; 202; Wright and Camp- 
 hell on 203-4 ; 20()-7; on common law 302. 
 
 Clinton, George. Gives casting vote against 
 U. S. Bank 77. 
 
 Clinton Co. Bank. [See Plattsburgh b'k.s.] 
 
 Coddington, Jonathan I. 10; 12, 13; V. B. 
 to 206 ; Cambreleng comforts 207 ; letters 208, 
 20!) ; office-hunting, ib. ; 213 ib. ; ready to mu- 
 tiny 214; Bennett's friend 221; 230; 238; 
 willbeP. M. 242; 292. 
 
 Coe, William S. 219; Swartv/out on his 
 appraising goods 223; a fire commissioner 
 258; lbrfeiturea271. 
 
 Collectorship of Customs, N. Y. 10. 
 
 Coleman, William. Remarks on 57 ; 
 abuses the United Irish 68 ; on Jackson and 
 the Seminoles 106; peace 269. 
 
 Colonial Trade with U. S. 111,112. 
 
 Colles, Christopher. Planned the Western 
 Canal 50. 
 
 Commerce. Colonial 111, 112. 
 
 Commercial Advertiser. On Hoyt and But- 
 ler's Lives 18; Van Buren, Clinton's most art- 
 ful enemy 54 ; on Texas 306. 
 
 Common Law. Defined by Morris and Hall 
 1 1 ; a chapter on 302 to 305. 
 
 Commonwealth Bank, Boston. Deposits in 
 124. 
 
 Cooper, Judge Thomas. His strictures on 
 W. H. Crawford 68 to 72. 
 
 Conckling, Alfred. Supports Clinton when 
 driven from Canal board 53. 
 
 Congress. Committees how named 97. 
 
 Congress of Panama. Van Buren, Polk, 
 Adams, Clav, Buchanan, M'Lane, &c., on 279, 
 280. 
 
 Congress. Speakers, rem'ks on 96 to 99. 
 
 Congressmen selected for Office. A chapter 
 on the speaking and acting, about 96 to 99 ; 
 Wickliffe, Duane, and Jackson on 96; Blair 
 on 97; Ritchie on 97 to 100; paid wages for 
 non-attendance! 149. 
 
 Convention, N. Y. Constitutional. See N. 
 Y. Constitutional Convention. 
 
 Corcoran & Riggs. Walker's sub-treasurers, 
 143. 
 
 Corning, Erastus, 90, 228 ; 293. 
 
 Coryell, Ingham. 10 ; 13, 14. 
 
 Coster, J. G. A borrowing of deposites de- 
 mocrat 135. 
 
 Coulter, Richard, of Pa. On Taney's care 
 for Taney, 135. 
 
 Courier & Enquirer. Friar's jump 830. 
 
 Craig, Hector. Notice of 213. 
 
 Cramer, John. Supports Clinton when per- 
 .secuted 54 ; for presidential electors by the peo- 
 ple 57: on banks 86; bank votes, 87, 134; 
 helps E. Livingston, 185." 
 
 (;iiAWF0RD, W. H. Minority Caucus to 
 nominate for president, 1824, 55 & 68 ; Young 
 insures his defeat in N. Y. 57 ; notice of 68 ; 
 Cooper on his hatred to foreigners, 68 to 71 ; 
 for a national bank 74 to 78 ; conduct to Cal- 
 houn on the Seminole war question 107, 108 ; 
 Butler's artful hints about 168 ; V. Buren visits 
 901. * 
 
 Crolius, Clarkson. Votes to give the people 
 the choice of electors .57; on banking 86; 
 Flagg on 173 ; scolded 186 ; 195. 
 
 CuoswKi,!,, Edwin 53; set unby Van Baren 
 74 ; an admirer of U. S. Banks, 74 to 77 ; abuses 
 Jackson 78, 7!); for Clay cind Adams, 83; on 
 Safety Fund Hi to 87; banks in 1828— ib; 
 prints Young's private netitiori 129 ; for mixed 
 money 139; notice of 146, 147; Argus concerji, 
 by Butler, for 169; Argus 190; artful letter 
 to Hoyt abt. Crawford, &c., 195 ; Bennett and 
 221 ; Webb on 230 to 232 ; do., Marcy & 235 ; 
 V. B.'s friend 236; to Hoyt— for 5 mill, loan- 
 dared not offer a 10 mill. b'k. 252 ; ag't. V. B. 
 293. 
 
 Cruger, John C. Betting with Hoyt, 256. 
 
 Cuba. Van Buren, &c., on Slavery in 279, 
 280. 
 
 Cunningham of Montgomery's gallant de- 
 fence of Clinton 51. 
 
 Currency. [See Banks — U. S. Bank — and 
 Sub-Treasury.] 78; 139; 140; if deranged 
 impairs contracts and changes the constitu- 
 tional protection 141 ; Butler on a sliding scale 
 in 154 ; Livingston on 178. 
 
 Curtis, Edward. 9. 
 
 Custom Houses. [See N. Y. Cu.stom House.] 
 
 Cutting, Francis B. 112; 126; on the lob- 
 by 174; for free banking 177; swears on 
 paper, advice by 180 ; speculates with Hoyt 261 . 
 
 Dallas, Alex. James. A Philadelphi" finan- 
 cier 297. 
 
 Dallas, George Mifflin. Grets Russian cftis- 
 sion 100; Cass admires 104; votes for V. B. 
 as minister to London 112; V. B. lauds 295; 
 notice of— a circular statesman 297 — 298; a 
 mile's a mile 298; V. P. ib. 
 
 Davezac, Augusle. 62, 63. 
 
 Davis, George R. Notice of 94. 
 
 Davis, Matthew L. 12 ; on Burr's Mexi- 
 can movement 62 ; 121; 185; 197; 220; 237. 
 
 Davis, Richard D. Character of Van Bu- 
 ren by 81, 80 ; he joins V. B. 80. 
 
 Dawson, George. On Canada 290. 
 
 Dawson , Moses. Jackson's letter to, against 
 the pets 1 16. 
 
 Dayton, Aaron Ogden. Electioneers for 
 Jackson 63. 
 
 Dayton, General Jonathan. Indicted in 
 Burr's affair 63. 
 
 Debts. Repudiation of 267 ; wretched bank- 
 rupt laws, ib. 
 
 Decatur, Col. J. P. Oflice-seeking 221 ; 
 304. 
 
 Defalcations, Defaulters. [See Embezzling 
 Public Monies.] Banks in 1814, 124. 
 
 Democratic Review. See J. L. O'SuUivan. 
 
 Democrats. On paper money 78 ; V. Buren 
 sort 196-7; timber in ranks of 227. 
 
 Denman, William. On Van Buren 70. 
 
 Desha, Joseph. On taking Canada 285. 
 
 Desha, Robert. Warns Eaton against the 
 Widow 109. 
 
 Devyr, Thomas A. Would secure wild 
 lands to settlers only IM, 
 
 Dickin.son, Daniel S, 
 mileage 298. 
 
 ■4] 
 
 ■ '1 
 
 J'Mi 
 
 ■ '«! 
 
 4 
 
 W: 
 
 On v. B. 903; bis 
 
n 
 
 EMB. 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 GAL. 
 
 McDuflic on 01 
 
 Dissolution of the Union 
 Beach on ^Oti. 
 
 Dix, John A. Pro-slavery-and-T<.'xas Sena- 
 tor 281. 
 
 Downioff, Col. S. Votes for City Bank, 
 Buffalo 90. 
 
 Dromffoole, George C. 97. 
 
 Dry Dock Bank, N. Y. 94 
 
 Duane, William. On last War4; on Mer- 
 chants' Bank '28 ; on Clinton 49, 54 ; on'Burr's 
 conspiracy (i'i ; on congressmen 90; notice of 
 115 J approves of refusal to remove deposits 
 119; 122; on newspapers 147; ib, 182; on 
 the peace 2t)9. 
 
 Duane, Wim.iam John. 100; secretary of 
 the treasury 115; notice of 116; his course re- 
 lative to the public treasure 110 to 121 ; 14t ; 
 refuses Russian Mission 122; dismissed 122, 
 123; married Franklin's grand-daughter IIG; 
 deposits and 131 ; lb. 2-IG. 
 
 Dudley, Charles E. Votes to drive Clinton 
 from the canal board 53 ; one oi' the immortal 17 
 — 57; prays toBiddle Ibrabranch of theU.S.'B. 
 79 ; party votes for banks 87 ; to Hoyt 210. 
 
 Duels. 3. 
 
 Duer, John. On Van Ness's bribery 28; 
 joins the Bucktails 29; Builer on 170; 184; 
 190; 209; notice of 210; Hoyt bitter against 
 212, 218, 219. 
 
 Ducr, Coi. William. 210. 
 
 Duer, William A. Joins the Bucktails 29; 
 defends the right against Allen 51 ; notice of 
 210. 
 
 Duncan, Dr. Alex. For V. B. at Bait. 295. 
 
 Durben, Dr. On War 4. 
 
 Durham, Earl of. Explains causes of revolt 
 in Canada 285 to 287. 
 
 Earll, Jonas, Jr. Votes to expel Clinton 
 from the Canal Board 53; one of VanBuren's 
 immortal 17—57; bank votes by 87. 
 
 Eaton, John Henry. Leaves Congress for 
 office 101. 
 
 Eaton, Lewis. In Crawford Caucus 55; 
 president City Bank, Buffalo 91 ; safety fund 
 commissioner 93. 
 
 Eaton, Mrs. [Widow Timberlake]. Trou- 
 ble about her character 109. 
 
 Edmond.s, John W. Stockjobbing 67; 111; 
 120; .sends J. V. Buren to jail, and advi.ses 
 
 Wright to give him cf'lOOO 148 ; Butler on 
 
 104 ; Mrs. Butler on his pauperism 171 ; note 
 205 ; Webb and 225 ; ou debt laws 267. 
 
 Education. By cheap Postage 4; 301 ; im- 
 portance of 20 ; Girard leaves millions for 1 16 ; 
 Smithson $500,000 for 110; Young and L. 
 Beard.sley and 129 ; Hoyt goes to V. B.'s aca- 
 demy 217 ; of laborers 281. 
 
 Electioneering. By V. B. 124 ; Jackson 96 ; 
 Purdy and Hoffman 132 ; Marcy on 237 ; A. 
 Wari 238-9. 
 
 Elections by the People, 2 ; by districts 56. 
 
 Electoral Bill (1824.) Butler against 108-9; 
 Croswell on 195-6 ; ready to vote either way 
 on 196. 
 
 Ellis, Powhattan. 101 ; votes for V. B. as 
 minister 112. 
 
 Eiabargo. Clinton on 21 ; fM. 
 
 Embezzling Public Monies. Theron Rudd 
 24 ; ca.'ies 133 ; hiw to punLsh, itself a cheat 
 141; 149. 
 
 J'lmniet, Thomas Addis. Takes part with 
 Clinton wlien cxiielltil from the canal board 52. 
 
 England. [See Britain.] 
 
 Everett, Edward. 1 1 ; for aid to exiles 131 ; 
 votes about deposits 134. 
 
 Ewing Thomas. Vote against Stevenson 
 98; and airain.st V. Buren 112. 
 
 Exchange Bank (Barker's.) 39; 157; 158; 
 1C2. 
 
 Fillmore, Millartl. Votes on M. «Sc F. bank 
 86; for aiding Polish exiles 131. 
 
 Fish, Preserved. Director of mill, uanl: 
 27; 112; instructs V. B. 214 ; Cambreleng for 
 234. 
 
 Fisk, Theophilus. Blair by 145. 
 
 Flaqq, Azariah C. Votes, 1824, to expel 
 Clinton from the canal board 52 ; performs. 
 1828, as one of his chief mourners ! 55 ; votes 
 with the immortal 17 to keep power from the 
 people 57 ; votes for party bank charters 87 ; 
 free banks and 137-8 ; his state pet bank system 
 139 ; buys 3 walls of a house 147 ; on his re- 
 solve against popular election, Builer, Sekieii 
 and Van Buren 173; on free banking 174; 
 regency log-rolling, the lobby, gold, and bank 
 restraints 175 ; his currency cure and notions, 
 ib. ; on .safety fund banks 170 ; against foreign 
 mon.stcrs 179; on private banking 170-9 ; giu- 
 eral banking law 181, 182 ; succeeds Yates 
 188; 203; Bennett and 221; councils Marcy 
 on breeches 239. 
 
 Florida. Jackson in 100; V. Buren ex- 
 pends many millions in 145., iJcc; bloodhounds 
 in 140 ; Greeley on war in 282 ; 290. 
 
 FonEiGNEiLs — Adopted Citizexs. Van Bu- 
 ren about 44 ; a chapter on 60 to 72 ; Craw- 
 ford's attack and Cooper's defence of 68 to 71 ; 
 Irving, Denman, Van Ness on 70; Blair on 
 71 ; millions lefl bv, to educate natives I i6 ; 
 V. Buren and 230. ' 
 
 Forman, Judge Joshua. Invents the gjfSale- 
 ty Fund 84 ; 88 ; 206. 
 
 Foot, Samuel A. On political proscription 
 112. I 
 
 Forsyth, John. In Crawford caucus 55; 
 votes for .Steve' .son 98 ; 101; intrigues for V. 
 Buren 107-8 ; in Crawford caucus 195. 
 
 France. Her views and condition 46, 47 ; 
 
 utler on troubles with 172 ; Guizot on 280. 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin. A nd England's chan- 
 cery 304. 
 
 Free Banking. 9'>; 137-8; Peel again.^t 
 140 ; Flagg, Livingston, Cutting, &c. on 17J 
 to 182; Hoyt's 178. 
 
 Free Trade. America and Britain 270. 
 
 Frelinghuysen, Theodore. Ill; rejects V. 
 B. 122. 
 
 French, James M. 20. 
 
 Pulton Bank, N. Y. Chartered 87. 
 
 Gaines, Gen. Edmund. Ordered to invade 
 Mexico 64. 
 
 Gales and Seaton. . On War 3. 
 
 Gallatin, Albert. A candidate for V. P. 71 ; 
 onU.S. banks 77; ib. 171. 
 
 • iiiriMW, 
 
 tnA ,.f «Mi 
 
 Gilcliri.')! 
 
 tiillill, I 
 pj.sito llllt'.< 
 
 •iirani, > 
 ii.'uto Ainci 
 
 (Jirard I! 
 
 (ilciitH-iir 
 r >wi'(| fi.r t 
 
 Uiidwiii, 
 di-itros.H, li^ 
 
 (tmI(Is..ii, 
 •Jorlmin, 
 'io.<|)el. 
 
 Gouvonio 
 Oraham, , 
 Oreoloy, 
 
 O'l .'I .■■tiltu ; 
 tl";-.'< l.jil; I 
 
 s'.'ri|) ;;oi. 
 
 board, Is-ij" 
 
 ^ Grenn, Oe 
 
 Cvnliroli!!!}; 
 
 Greoii, Jill 
 
 (iret'ii. He 
 
 <rri-i'lU', >! 
 
 Oiy-'l,"i; oil 
 (iri.swdld. I 
 Gniiidv, i*' 
 
 l>nr"ii 1 1-2 : t 
 
 (i'U/.'tt, ]•'. 
 
 Hall, Jiimir 
 
 H:ill. Willi 
 
 Hallook, I'i 
 
 Hallotf, \V. 
 
 Jtaiui'i-, Th 
 
 Hiimilfuii, I 
 
 Hainiltdii. . 
 
 ■~S; join.< tlin 
 
 «tato. in-., ten 
 
 intri«u« a.ir.iii 
 
 u sr'iil.ini.in '. 
 
 Mf Shiiidanl 
 
 Hmniliciii, , 
 
 H.imiiicjii.l,. 
 
 J'n-nderL'Hsf. < 
 
 H:iiu-.iok, J< 
 
 Hard, Gidei 
 2S1. 
 
 Hiird Mnne 
 Sun doubts it 
 HaiTi.«, W. 
 Hfirrisnn, M 
 i>n onrrencv i: 
 dcjfeatii Vail H 
 Haveincyer, 
 Hayne, Col. 
 Head, .Sir I 
 a^") to 288. 
 Herkimer C 
 Hill, h-Mc. 
 fir .Stevenson 
 b.vU.T; Kitch 
 Koos, Mary 
 H'ws, Bareii 
 Hoffn. n, Joi 
 bt'll on ;u.|,21i 
 Hoffman, I 
 for Barker!)!; 
 by— pet hank ' 
 Webb and 232 
 Hoffeboom, J 
 B. 184 : Corne 
 bank ,30,9. 
 Holland's Li 
 Hnlmcfi. Johi 
 Horn, Henr^ 
 H-.>s.-»ok, Dr.' 
 
HOS. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 JUR. 
 
 vU 
 
 :iieron lludd 
 tsell' a cheat 
 
 es part witli 
 inal board 5*i- 
 
 to exiles 131; 
 
 ist Stevenson 
 
 9; 157; Vo^:. 
 
 M. icF. bank 
 
 G mill, baiiic 
 ambrcleng lor 
 
 45. 
 
 1824, to expel 
 52; perlbrniN. 
 ors! 55; votes 
 ower from tlie 
 k charters 87 ; 
 let bank ssystem 
 17; on his rc- 
 Builer, Seldcn 
 bankinfc 174 ; 
 ^old, and bank 
 re and notions, 
 ai^ainst foreign 
 
 ng 17(3-9 ; p''"- 
 siiceeods '\ aies 
 ;ouncils Marcy 
 
 V. Buren ex- 
 
 c ; bloodhound.s 
 
 290. 
 ENS. Van Bu- 
 to 72; Craw- 
 ice of (38 to 71 ; 
 70; Blair on 
 natives 1 i(5 ; 
 
 jntsthegiS'Sale- 
 
 cal proscription 
 
 3rd caucus 55 ; 
 intrigues tbr V. 
 ucus 195. 
 ;ondition 46, 47 ; 
 Juizot on 280. 
 England's chan- 
 
 ; Peel against 
 ing, &:c. on 17^ 
 
 Britain 270. 
 Ill; rejects V. 
 
 ered 87. 
 
 rdered to invada 
 
 ate for V. P. 71 ; 
 
 
 (i.ir InM-, fill f'liii.-'. K. Nutitc of IR^, 
 
 (i.iiTiiw, Nutliaiiltil. 101. 
 
 liivr,'i;i LfKi^li'*""'- AIuAUiHtar's acooui 
 
 Oili'liri.^t, Mr. I'.iitlcr tin'l l."7. 
 
 Oillist, l{iiti.'<"ni !1. Viitc'snia to exiles 1.11 
 ]i«it(i (|Ui!sti"ii l^H. 
 
 (iirard, !it(!|plii;ii. A Frcaobman leaves millions to ed 
 H.'iito AiiicricaiiN 1 16. 
 
 Girard Hank, I'liila. DejiDsltcs in 121 
 
 I Hoii.'tiai, Siainiiel. In Texan (',1, kX ' Iloiidi on 30'. 
 Mi.vt and liiitli'V. Ci.iTi'Kiuiiiduiice, jiagi'sy tu 14',live« 
 ,f— not too of 120; iia^oH l.'il and 172. 
 
 HovT, Je.ssk. Vouchers Inopportunely stolen frow 
 I 132; hin cniliez/.kiiieiit 111 ; Butler's call to the uncon- 
 viTtid I."i2; ailiiiiltiil in chancery court lo2 ; Hutlur .s 
 cliaraitor of— wants him to he cashier at liufTololSS; 
 l('arnluj< of l.'itl ; pnlilinhes Sutler's letter to deceive 159; 
 Untlurexhort.s 1(12; writen to none but 1G3; i.s the oldest 
 frit lid of 171) ; helps .Marcy to write hiN niessnge 17.'> ; N. 
 
 Miion lie- 
 
 (ilcntworth. II; Uutlar'rt cant nnd hypocrisy, bor- A. Trust Co. and IT!*, 1S2; to, on niarrinjfe 18,'): the 
 r >wc(l for the election 2,')1. I ft.ivekeeper l'<7; hi.s cnreties as collect r 191 ; V. 11. en- 
 
 (iodwin, Parke. Strong remarks on rciieving puhlic ' dorses for 201 ; ufllceliuntinK 2<W to 212; V. B. on Uis 
 
 Aiitvc'*!; hy 2.")(l-l. 
 Roldsoii, Samuel P. M, 13, M. 
 Uorhaui, Henjaniin. Ueport on treasury banks KO. 
 Gospel. Butler's unxletv lor staled preaeUing of the 
 
 Uouvcrncur, Sara. A. Bets 212. 
 
 Graham, John L. 177. 
 
 Greeley, Horace. On Nativei»m 70 ; on Walker 9'' ; 
 
 on a ."-tato sub-treasury 139; on protection t 
 t!"rs l.>ii; on Floiida 2,S2; on Kilchie209; 
 scrip .101. 
 
 GrMu, Byram. Votes to expel Clinton from canal 
 board, 1^21,53. 
 
 Green, General Duff. 106, 107, US, 11.'.; V. B. and 
 C.imlirelen); subscribe 200; printer to Couj^rtss 208. 
 
 Green, James I,, l^;). 
 
 Green. Benjamin W. 299; .301. 
 
 Greene, .Major, of Boston I'ost. 
 211, 2l,'i; on common law .'ilri-y, 
 
 ill-manners — hunts for an illico to liim — educates him 
 216,217; Ingham to, on cmbczzlins, ib. ; pushes for a 
 place 21>'; helj's Blair 23.3: introduces Anderson and 
 Kernoclian 219 ; hates rogues — jiays for the uospcl 2oO; 
 bets 2.M ; debts of 2."o; a tire commissioner, ib. ; siieou- 
 1,'ktcs with the Uci>osites 261 ; slanders the mercLiuits 
 271. 
 Hoytj Lorenzo. Manaijer of Wwhington and WaiTen 
 
 . ir\V& U' ' ^ I .1 I I -J La May I ^11 A". ITIIVItllt^^ t V& *> (Iflllllt^ bull »I(V.t VIUllCU 
 
 land set- bank l(jl ; Van Buren's student 165, 166, 188; likes law 
 
 ou Tex;u>ito beat down equity 193; morals so so 191; notice of, 
 lib.; letter 191; a surety for S2uo,(itl0, 191; utterly de- 
 void of principle 199; for the sjioils 210; lobbying 237; 
 on LiviMffston's conversion 2-11-2; dealing in stock* 252; 
 au'ent to Silas Wright 2i->9. 
 
 flubbell, Walter. Warns the state against V. B.'s 
 ' Safety Fund S9. 
 
 1 Hubbard. Henrv. V'tcs for the treasury pets 131; 
 Kitchie grieved at 'ditto 131; proposes Folk 293. 
 
 llnbbell. Levi. 'M Marcv and Sub-Treasury 207. 
 
 Gri.swold, (ieor!,'c. On Banks 121; Butler ou 171. I Hudson, Bank of. Van' Buren lobbies for the, and 
 Grundy, Felix. Votes for Steven.son 98; and for Van 1 takes otlice in 23, 21; winding up of 3U7. 
 
 Bur'-i; 112; teiiches Polk law 123 ; on (".inada 2■■^l. 
 
 (inizot, F. For uenfrality by Fraiiei'.ou war here 2P!i. 
 
 Hall, Jonathan Prescolt. On Butler's patriotism 2.V). 
 
 Hall, Willis. On common law 11. 
 
 Halicck, 1 itz (jr.enc. Butler ou 162; letter IS3. 
 
 Hallett, W. P. 112. 
 
 Jlanier. Thomas L. Votes in deposits J31. 
 
 Hamilton, Alexander. Prefers JclVcr.s.in to Burrf.2. 
 
 rlamilt<in. James .A. Impeaclies Van Ne<s for brilicrv 
 2S : joins thn Bucktails 29 ; succeeds Clay as secretary of 
 state, ]iro tr.m. 1") ; .>tron,!,' o|i]?o,vr of the war l.") ; in the 
 iatri^juc a,i;ainst Calhoun 107; auctions, Tav/ree and 'iO-'i; 
 ;i sy-Milsnian 2'i9; 21s; buys Blair a pi-ess 233; to prop i 
 \h'' .Standard '017. 
 
 Hamilion. John C. Joins the Buc'stails 20 ; 21.8. 
 
 H.immon 1, Jabez D. Ambrose Spenocv onl^; the Jed. 
 I'reuderi'ast case 52. ' 
 
 Hano'iek, John. On private letters on public matters 
 
 !■.)!. 
 
 On banks 138 ; on slavery 
 
 H;ird, Gideon llaio M. C.i 
 08i. 
 
 Hard Money. The Jackson reform 1.39, 110; Ander- 
 son doubts it 219. I 
 
 Harris, W. P. C.btmbus. Emliezzles I? 10.-1,000— 133. | 
 
 Harrison, William H. His deatli li>2; Cass on KM; 
 im uurrency 1,39 ; abuse of, approved by Van Buren Ml ; 
 defeats Van Buren a'^3. 
 
 Havctncver, William F. 213. 
 
 Hayne, Col. U. M. I''i8; rejects V. B 112; his son 200. 
 
 Head, Sir Frnncij. A. vain, bad Canadiiin governor 
 2)?6 to 288. 
 
 Herkimer Convention. 182S— 207. . 
 
 Hill, Isa;ic. On Adams, Clny and Crawford S3; Votes 
 fir Stevenson 98; and for V. Piuren 1 12 ; expo.'^e of BKiir 
 by 115; Kitchie on 2 M; his speech 232 ; betting 239. 
 
 Hoes, Mary and Hannah 19, 2(». 
 
 H'ws, Barent. Security for ArRus 190; d'y .sh'f. ib. 
 
 Hoffm ■ n, Josiah Ogdcn. Joins the Bucktails 29 ; Camp- 
 bell on Co 1,218. 
 
 Hoffman, MiciiAEi, Vote on M. and F. bank 86; 
 for Barker 91; notice of 131, 132; sinecure— offlccs held 
 by— pet bank votes 131 ; mismanagement in oftlcc of 132; 
 ■W'obb and 232. 
 
 Hogeboora, John C. A 910 loan to nephew afflicts V. 
 B. 184; Cornelluii, in oflice 190; presides in Hudson 
 bank 308. 
 
 Holland's Life of V. Buren. Puffs him 79. 
 
 Holmes. John. Voted to reject V. B. 112. 
 
 Horn, Henry. Vote on treasury deposites 131. 
 
 Hjsaok, Dr. David. Butler against 1U9. 
 
 Hull, Gi iieral W. On Caimda2Sl. 
 
 Hume, J.,.eph. F.fforts to do justice to Canada 286-S. 
 
 II tinier John. Votcon City Bank, Buffalo 90; on t'reo 
 banks 176. 
 HyiMic-'-v. IteliKious. Sec Butler. 
 
 Imiiiort. Seventeen Sen.ators of N. 'V'. 57. 
 
 Indians. On marriaxes with 69, 71 ; Cu.sii on the 10,'', 
 207; Jackson and 106; warlike condition of the 275 ; fifty 
 millions expended to liani.sli and kill2.'52; Kitchie ouGtWl 
 
 liiKer.'^oll, Charles J. On lianUs 111; for Mackenzie's 
 release 290. 
 
 Injrham, S. 1). Opposes the niinoritv caucus of IS2-1, 
 55; lOd; Jack.son and 109; Ku.-sia and 110; Hoyt ai.d 
 209 ; on ■itlice-be.'.'.aars 216, 217 ; note 21U 
 
 Instriictinus, KiKht of. 2. 
 
 Ireland. Uoval bribery in 96. 
 
 Iivinj.', Jihn T. On intolerance 70. 
 
 Jaik.Von. .■\ndiii!w. Coddingtou tries to head 13; 
 opinion of Clinton by .55; nominated first by Burr 58; 
 •i")U; his designs against Mexico, with Btirr, I'O to 61; 
 Jefferson on 60; IMexican policy of 61; abuse of, by Noah 
 and Croswell 7'~'. 79 ; pra'ticc and profession on appoint- 
 ments •« to 99; invasion of Florida by 106 ; 3Ir8. Eatou 
 and 109; Ingh.im and 110; on pet banks 114; scolds the 
 pets 116; Diianeand 122; his great reform 139; for hard 
 money 110; anti-Sub-Treiisury 141; escapes an assassin 
 172; his confidence in Van Buren 216 ; for 231 ; to be run 
 again 293 ; Ilitohie on 300 ; Van Buren and 302. 
 
 Jaeksonj Daniel. And Blair's /rre press 233; bank- 
 beifornr, ib. 
 
 jaiiies, William. Takes part with Clinton when vio- 
 lently remi>ved from the Canals 52. 
 
 Jay, William. On slavery 278. 
 
 Jefferson. Thfimas. 6; on Burr 00; on elections 98; 
 ou England 271 ; on slavery 275. 
 
 Jfihnson, Cave. Votes for deposits to Polk's pets 131 
 and 13 1 ; and no relief to poor exiles 131 ; at Convention 
 292; 295; ami postage law 301. 
 
 Johnson, JeriPintis. From Congress to Custom House 
 101; billeting his relations 219; Swartweut on his ap- 
 praising 22,3. 
 
 Johnson, Kichard M. Opposes the 1824 Crawford cau- 
 cus 55 ; votes on deposit question 131; endorses Van Bu- 
 ren 283; for Canada 285 ; on author's imprisonment 291, 
 
 Jones, Henry Floyd. Vot« on Bulfalo City Bank 9(1. 
 
 Jones, Samuel. For six million bank 27; Chief Justice 
 27 ; Hoyt's surety for ?200,aX)— 194. 
 
 Jordan, Ambrose L. Opposed by the regency 210. 
 
 Jurors. On Bodine trial 6; merchants ordered to be 
 excluded OCf' in mercantile cases 271. 
 
 m 
 
 ■\u^' 
 
 A , 
 
 iV 
 
 
 \ 
 
Tiil 
 
 KEY. 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 MAY. 
 
 ' I 
 
 JtMTici, Administration op, Reforni required in 
 8; In th"! Siinicrs mme 7 ; corrupt where buukH ore in- 
 volved 86: Buffiilo buukiiiK and 90, 91 ; by L. Hoyt, 193. 
 
 Keiin, Qenrge M. On Miickeniie'ii imprixonment 2!K), 
 
 KeinhlH, Juha W. Abudeii thu Irisb, and jobs in the 
 atock«67; 111. 
 
 Kbndall, Amos. Letters to Clay on JackB(in,&c. P3; 
 Sketch of-hld conduct to Clay 1 17 t4> 12() ; abuxs of Mho- 
 kenile 118; Bennett on !'22; 126; on free banking laS; 
 Kltohie Maudallsed at 2M, 315. 
 
 Laborers. Their cor Jltion, by Calhoun auJ Chanuing 
 381. 
 
 Lansing, John. V. Utiren w'd make him a P. M. 8-2. 
 
 Law. In U. S. 6 ; in N. Y. state 13S ; in court of er- 
 rors, Alb'y 193; [see 303 to 303, also com. law, and court 
 of chancery!. 
 
 Lawrbmcb, CaBNEHu.^ W. Gets the N. Y. Custom 
 Ho. 12, 392; retains Record Clerks iind Bogardus 13; 
 113; got a two million pharter, and vxTed 116; 123; 132, 
 Totes on treasury banks 131; hel|M 1 1 lair to a press 233 ; 
 238 ; disreputable conduct on tlic li.mk question 217; let- 
 ters to Hoyt on b'k248; more of tlicm 219; bets \/ith 
 Hoyt 263. 
 
 Lawrence, Joseph. Bank President, Jcc, 116. 
 
 Lawrence, W. B. On free banking 174. 
 
 Laws. Who should have the Veto on 2; cheek on bad 
 laws in Oa. 229. 
 
 Leake, Isaac Q. Cashier V. B.'s old BufTitlo bank, .33; 
 Cantine's partner in the Argus 34; UUhoeffer for 190; 
 for Clay 197. 
 
 Leavitt, Joshua. On Van Bureu's pro slavery creed 
 278. 
 
 Le Foy, Abraham. Gets into custom house— nom's 
 Maroy T}7. 
 
 Lee, Gideon, 112; Leggett on 23C, 
 
 Lee, John R, Trial for perjury 91, 
 
 Lee, Oliver. Polk delegate and net banker W3. 
 
 Lefferts, John, L, I. Votes to drive Clinton from ca- 
 nal board 53; and as one of the immortal 17 — 57 ; bank 
 rotes 87, 
 
 Leggett, Wm, On Dl. Jackson 333; on Marcy 233; 
 notice of 263. 
 
 Lewis, Dixon, H. Vote agst. pet Vks 134, 
 
 Lewis, Major W, B. On com. of enquiry about Jackson 
 60: Ritchie to 98; 109; 300. 
 
 Lewis, Morgan. For 6 mill. l>'k, 27, 
 
 Lincoln, Levi, Votes abt. deposites 131. 
 
 Livingston, Charles L. Opposed to Bifihop's expul- 
 rton67; and to «.ifety fund 92; HI; 126; and to the 
 " ehartered nuisances " he had made — for some restraints 
 off 17C to 181 ; on N. Y, pilots 178; ou credit, ib. ; advice 
 to Hoyt 180; 2-2'>; notice of— for national bank 2^11. 
 
 Livingston, E hvard, of La, [was a defaulter at N. Y. 
 for f 100,000). ( 'ffer to Stevenson 98 ; leaves congress for 
 the cabinet 101 : Uavezac marries his sister 63. 
 
 Livingston, I : Iward, Speaker H. of A, Cutting on his 
 bank notions 17"; 180: notice of 184; on marriage 183; 
 letters 186-7; ' '7 (for lottery). 
 
 Livingston, .'Mward P. A candidate for Senator — de- 
 fkdted39; votes 1824, to drive Clinton firom Canal board 
 53: against eli'^tors by the people u7. 
 
 Livingston. I 'eterR. 185. 
 
 Livingston. H. R. Opposed by Van Alen for Congress 
 21; one of f .: Ist canal com'rs 53. 
 
 Literary I'l-operty. See W. T. M'Coun. 
 
 Lives of Hoyt and Butler. Motives lor, and account 
 or that pulilication 7 to 18 ; where printed and by whom 
 18: the puMishers, ib. 
 
 Lobby, The. Cutting's name for 174, 180; L. Hoyt 
 w'd join 3.37, 
 
 London Times. Its tone in 1814—268. 
 
 Long Island Bank. Chartered 37. 
 
 Loomis, A, Gets stock with Hoffman, &c. 131-2. 
 
 Lounsberry, Ebenezer. Votes for city b'k, Buffalo 90, 
 
 Lyons, Bk. of. Broker. »1. 
 
 Lytle, Robert T, An M, C. gets office 101. 
 
 Kent, Chancellor. For a reference of the Constitu- 
 tion to the people 3 ; refuses injunctions for oppressive 
 purposes to Hoyt and Butler 42, 161 ; 127 ; Butler scolds 
 162, 161. 
 
 Kemoohan. Joseph, A bank delegate 313, 
 
 Keyes, Perley, Votes in Senate to expel Clinton from 
 Canal board 53; votes with Vaa Bonn's immortal 17— 
 &7* baiikTote8 87. 
 
 Kibbo, Isaac. Ist Buffalo bank president .33, 
 
 King, Charles. Ai'i'ii«in4 Van Ness of bribery 27 , char- 
 actor of V. Bure.i bv 73. 
 
 King, Preston. AgMt. Imnk charters 177; a friend to 
 aheiip iKistuge l""l: IS9; '.Vl. 
 
 Kinj;, Kufus. V. Huron fean-d ho might not dislike 
 Clinton 54; V. Rnren fur 7i(; I'.ii' universal suffr!ige72; 
 Parker on W; H.arUor, Jacob on 192. 
 
 Kint;, William (of Ala.) Votes for Stevenson 08; and 
 V. Buren 112. 
 
 Knower, Benjiunin. Stops payt. 83 
 
 Knox, John. Liljerality of I'.O. 
 
 McAllister. M. H. of Oa. On Jesse's golden mine 227;' 
 vary original letter to Hoyt, about incorporating New 
 Potosi. 24S— 9. 
 
 Mcllride, James, A revenue borrowing banker 135, 
 
 McClure, Gen. Goo. Votes against the immortal 17— 
 57. 
 
 McCook, Paniel. Banks, Baltimore Conv'ns and 307. 
 
 M'CouN, William T. Interferes with the ftcedom of 
 the press 13, 14: his UdUiTV to Hoyt and Butier 16 to 
 IS; 118; Seldcnon 173; deoisions of 301. 
 
 McCulloh, Oimptroller. His frank 11, 
 
 McDufBe, George, On di.'jsolving the Union 61; agst. 
 Polk's treasury bunks 13-1; ib. 143; notice of 301. 
 
 Maclntyre, Archibald, Against Bk. of America 27. 
 
 McJimsey, Robert Hoyt, the Trust Co. and 179i 
 Hoyt's brotlier-in-law and surety 191 ; 230 . 
 
 Mack, Kboncrer. Votes for Buffalo city bank 90; 
 'goes the whole hog' 179, 
 
 Mackenzie, W. L. 5, 9, 11; Coryell's note to 13; 
 Slamm's note to 13; on (Colonial Trade 112; Barker's 
 letter to 192; V. B.'s disclaimer ilS; warning to Hiig- 
 land in 1832—287; Keim and Johnson on iinprisonmeut 
 290-1. 
 
 MoKown, James. Takes part with Clinton wh'n 
 driven from Canal board 52; is partner with J. V. B. 
 148, 2i58. 
 
 M'^Lean, John. Argt. for Indians in Supreme Court 
 296. 
 
 McLane, Louis, M. C. Gets an embassy 101 ; takes 
 the Treasury Uept. Ill; on currency, 12t»; may loan 
 money now 181; Cambrcleng agst. his treas. rept. 230; 
 agst. alliances in Europe, lia. 279. 
 
 MacNeven, Pr. W. J, V. Buren on 208. 
 
 McNiiIty, John, Clerk of Congress. Got off by a 
 quirk [laws scarce therei 141, 295. 
 
 Macon, Nathaniel. Ou executive power 09; on neu- 
 trality 294. 
 
 Maoy, John B, City Bank Buffalo, and 90. 
 
 Madison, Jumes. Nominated as President in 1813, 44 : 
 on U. S. Bank 75. 
 
 Maison, (General Leonard. Votes for city b'k BnflUo 
 90; on restraining law 176 to 179. 
 
 Mallory, James. His bank votes 38; votes to cxpfl 
 Clinton from C:inal board 53; anil with tho immortal 17 
 agst. the people 57 ; Marcy on 199. 
 
 Manh.ittan Bank. 27; a national pet 124 ; a state pet 
 139. 
 
 Mann, Abijah, jr. 131 ; votes for pet bauka 131. 
 
 Marcy, William L. Borrows at the New Hope 34 ; 
 53 ; orders the Bambers to Ireland 67 ; prayer of, to 
 Diddle, for U. S. Bank extension 79 ; Butfalo b'k ami 90, 
 91; 99,; votcsfor V. B, 112 ; his mortenge message 135 
 tn 127 ;' against 248 ; anti-slavery, or King pamphlet by 
 137; noni'd Ibrfovr. 139; legalizes bank suspension 
 137 ; wheels round agst. bank monopoly 138 : buys p'ti 
 of a house 147; anew move in l>anking by Hoyt andf 
 175 ; on King and Mallory 199 ; served on the bench- 
 'till wanted, by V, R. 307 ; Hubbcll, Sec. nn lub-treasnry 
 and 207; Webb on 333 ; electioneering 334-S ; Bennett, 
 Webb, and Leggett on 2.35 ; election of '32—237 ; on 
 bravery, breeches, barber, Jcc. 339 ; ditto 240 ; bets on 
 by V. B., 256-7 ; nomi'd in conv'n Tm custom ho. 257 ; 
 blnmes the merchants, knowing better 2.')8 ; nn Ca- 
 nada 280, 292 ; foxy 294 ; on Canada 290 ; on V. S, B. 
 297, 
 
 Marriages. Crawford for Indian 71 . 
 
 Mason, Gen. John T. agt, to Sw't in Tezaa 260 ; 
 notice of261. 
 
 Mason, John Y, Votes on bank deposites 131 and 
 134; and against Polish exiles 131. 
 
 May, Will. L., M. C. On land sales, and treasury or- 
 der 263. 
 
 M;i)(), 1) 
 
 M.txvveli 
 
 M:i\well 
 
 Mrasnrfi 
 
 Merhunii 
 
 pcsldent ^. 
 
 lions be)', el 
 
 ler m). 
 
 Mechanic 
 
 Mkrciiai 
 
 191: 102; I 
 
 accuses unji 
 
 V, Bn's Hitr 
 
 flCjT trade T, 
 
 Merchant! 
 
 12.5. 
 
 Meserolo, 
 phew 210. 
 Mescrole, 
 Metropolis 
 Mexico, . 
 Sedgwick nn 
 64,281; Poll 
 Miami Kxp 
 Michigan I 
 Mlllor, Jess 
 Miller, Syl' 
 Ministers o 
 to office? 3. 
 Missouri. 
 Monroe, Pn 
 friends 29; on 
 p. ms. 81 to 8c 
 Calhoun, ib. ; 
 Canada 234. 
 
 Moni-oe, .Fail 
 
 236 : sneers at 
 
 Moodie, (/ol. 
 
 Moore, Gabi 
 
 for that 232. 
 
 Moore, Thn 
 
 Van Buren to 
 
 Moore, Col. 
 
 Morris, Kob 
 
 11; Safety Fu 
 
 P. M. 301. 
 
 National Co 
 
 would be usefi 
 
 National Ue 
 
 National Int^ 
 
 ^ National lit 
 
 Godwin on pri 
 
 only to talk '21' 
 
 per family 272, 
 
 Native Amer 
 
 Nativeisni. ( 
 
 Noah its candi 
 
 Naval Office, 
 
 results, ib, 
 
 Neville, Maj( 
 
 natij. On Bur 
 
 Nevius, Kusi 
 
 226. ' 
 
 New Hofie Di 
 
 New Orleans 
 
 New York 
 
 Remarks on 1 
 
 man ami 1,32; 
 
 New York C 
 133; 147; octi^ 
 families served 
 to Hoyt 264, 
 
 tSee also, C. 
 
 Hoyt; Measur 
 
 S; Swartwout; 
 
 N. Y: Even! 
 
 vertising 147 
 
 peace 269 ; on , 
 
 New York O 
 
 N: Y: Post ( 
 
 and charge for 
 
 N.' Y: Safety 
 
 <^ityBankof il 
 
 89, 90; mlsconc 
 
 C 
 
 ./' 
 
 ^' 
 
fiildcnt 33. 
 
 uf bribery 27, ch.u- 
 
 ;rs 177 ; a frienil to 
 
 e might not dl»liko 
 iiv(jr»;il guffrige 72 ; 
 
 r Stevenson 0?^ ; and 
 
 35 
 
 se'g ifolden mine 227 :' 
 luoorporaling New 
 
 rowing banker 135. 
 at the Immortal 17— 
 
 are Cony'ns and 307. 
 g with the freedom of 
 ovt and Butier 10 to 
 of 3IH. 
 .nk U. 
 
 { the Union Gl; ag»t. 
 ; notice of 301. 
 Bk. of America 27. 
 Trust Co, and 179; 
 91 ; 230 . 
 uIIkIo city bank 90; 
 
 [^oryell'g note to 13; 
 
 Trade 112; Barker'n 
 
 222 ; warning to Hiig- 
 
 iHon on imprigonmeut 
 
 with Clintin wh'n 
 partner with J. V. B. 
 
 iM in Supreme Court 
 
 in embassy 101 ; takes 
 irency, 1211; wfty '««» 
 t. hig treaa. rept. 230; 
 
 m on 208. 
 
 ngrcss. Got off by a 
 
 ive power 99 ; on n«tt- 
 
 ffalo, nndOO. 
 
 8 President :n 1812, 44 5 
 
 eg for city b'k BnSiio 
 
 itcH 38; votes to expfl 
 I with the immortal 17 
 
 lal pet 124 ; a state pet 
 
 )r pet banks 131. 
 1 01 the New Hope 34 ; 
 land 67 ; prayer of, to 
 79; Buffiilo h k and 90, 
 mortB«eB nicssnge 135 
 . or King pamphlet by 
 lizes bank suspen»i<m 
 nonopoly 138: buys p'6 
 n banking by Hoyt an* 
 served on the bencn- 
 bU, &.C. on gub-treasory 
 eering 234-5; Bennett, 
 oction of '33-237; on 
 39; ditto 240; bets on 
 ir'n fm custom ho. 257 ; 
 IS better 258 ; on Ca- 
 »nada295; on U. S. B. 
 
 Sw't In Texas SCO; 
 
 ank deposites 131 and 
 131. 
 
 1 tales, and treasury oi- 
 
 NEW. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PET. 
 
 Miiyi). Dr. of V«. Oti embezzling 149 ; 301. 
 
 Mhx»'«Ii, IIukIi. lioyt on SIrt. 
 
 Maxwoll, Ur. I'. < in Allrnny hunk junto 88. 
 
 Mpiisurcrs in "uslom flciusr, 12. 
 
 Mfi-hunlcs' anil I-'iirniers' Hunk Albany. Southwkk 
 iiresldenl HI ; olcnti and U'orlli and 80; 04 ; gets mil- 
 lions bol'. eletliiiii 120 ; is a slale pet 139 ; gulled by But- 
 ler IGI). 
 
 Mechanics' B'k. N. V. l)D|H><iltcs In 124. 
 
 MKRCiiANTg, American. Campbell's distrust of 
 191: 192; injustice done to by uppralsors 22;): Marry 
 accuses unjustly 2.'>H; ill ireutmonlof 271 5 ordered hy 
 V. Bn's admin, lo bo struck otf juries on niatlcrg of 
 20" trade 271. 
 
 Merchants' bank, N. Y. 28; 33 ; Clinton, tc. on 80 ; 
 12.';. 
 
 Mesertilo, Abraham. To be hired as a hireling's ne- 
 phew 210. 
 
 Mesernio, Bornard J. SwartWnut on appraisers 223. 
 
 nietropolis, B'k of the. A \)el 114. 
 
 Mexico. Juckcon and Burr's views about €0 to 63 ; 
 Scdfzwick anii ClmnningontU; Van Burcn'g course to 
 64.281; Poinsett in 20:1 ; 2B7; 279; Beach on 300. 
 
 Miami KxporlinpCo. :iti. 
 
 Michigan Hank- Dcposllrs in 124. 
 
 Miller, Jesse. Accents office, though an M. C. 191. 
 
 Miller, Sylvanuii. Alade Surrogate 21. 
 
 Ministers of the Gospel. Uught they to be eligible 
 to office ! 3. 
 
 Missouri. Votes on slavery in 278, 279. 
 
 Monroe, President James. Fifty-one Feds, joins his 
 friends 2',); on U. S. bank 70; disiiute with V. B. about 
 p. ms. 81 to 83 ; to J:iokson on Florida war lOO; and on 
 Calhoun, ib. ; against mouurchy in N. America 280; on 
 Canada 284. 
 
 Monroe, James. Joins natives 174 : Webb and 225 ; 
 230 : sueer.s at good men— deals in stooka 253. 
 
 Moodie, Col. Death of 289. 
 
 Moore, Gabriel. Rejects V. B. 112 ; Webb to fight him 
 for that 232. 
 
 Moore. Thimas P. An M. C. gets an embasgy 101 ; 
 Van Buren to 3>tZ. 
 
 IVIoore, Col. W. E. 221 ; on Canada 289. 
 
 Morris, Robert H. His Glentworth case— common law 
 1 1 ; Safety Fund banks, Maroy's message and 126 ; as a 
 P. M. 301. 
 
 National Cotivention. For reform and improvement 
 would be useful 101. 
 
 National Debt 144, 145. 
 
 National Intelligencer. On Canada long ago 283 ; 264. 
 
 National IJeformers. Their land plan 150; Parke 
 Godwin on principles of 2.'i(l-l ; (.'auibreleng wanted — 
 only to talk 2()3 ; on stopping monopoly, ib. ; 160 acres 
 per family 272. 
 
 Native Americans. The right sort 52. 
 
 Nativeism. Crawford its champion 68 ; Greeley on 70 ; 
 Noah its candidate 204. 
 
 Naval Office, N. Y. Improperly managed, very 132; 
 results, lb. 
 
 Neville, Major Aforgan [Receiver of Land Rev. Cincin- 
 nati]. On Burr, &c. 260. 
 
 Nevins, Russell H. On banks and stocks lSS-9 ; ditto 
 226. 
 
 New Hojie Del. Bridge Co. A ricketty concern 34. 
 
 New Orleans. Burr plans its seizure 61. 
 
 New York Constitutional Convention, 1816, 
 Remarks on 1 to G ; author an early friend to 15 ; Hoff- 
 man anil 132; Van Buren against 305. 
 
 New York Custom House. Facts about the 12; 13; 
 133; 147; active partizans paid with plunder at 219; 
 families served, ib. ; political appraisers 223 ; XHshoeffer 
 to Hoyt 264. 
 
 [See also, C. W. Lawrence; Michael Hoffman; Jesse 
 Hoyt ; Measurers ; Ingham Coryell ; C. S: Bogardus ; 
 S: Swartwout; Appraisers: 
 
 N. Y: Evening Post 73; 132; free banking 138; ad- 
 vertising 147; against Marcy's moitgage ^7-8; on 
 peace 269 ; on V: B: 291. 
 New York Observer. On the U, S. constitution 56. 
 N: Y: Post Office. Enormous income of postmaster, 
 and charge for boxes 301. 
 
 N.' Y: Safety Fund Banks: A full account of 84 to 95; 
 City Bank of Buffalo, and 90 ; commissioners, a mockery 
 89, 90 ; misconduct of bank directors 94; fltilure of banks 
 
 ib:; V; Buren and N: V: banki control rtmnv&l of depo- 
 sites 120; 125-6; the catadtrophe, 136-7; Flaggon 170. 
 
 Now York f^un: See M; Y; He;M;h. 
 
 Newspajiers isee printing): 74; 117; Agitate through 
 178; 182; Argus TJl); Ritchie on Indepeiidenee of— edi- 
 tors bougbt up 214, 2ir. ; Decatur and 221 ; V: Buren 
 keiMis Bennct inili'iicndent 'il.'i. 
 
 Niugarn, Hank of: Sec Huffalo, Bank of 1816. 
 
 NoAii, iVIiiBnEiM M: On Van Buren 22 : on ditto 
 and lliid.^on bank 24; on rotation in office 74; abuses 
 JiioV son 78 ; nominates Van Buren 83; on Carobreleng 
 U>2; on HofTnian 131 ; grief fur Swartwout 133; Butler 
 iu.-lrncts ItlH: malignity .,f 186; Ulshocffer on 190; 
 after the printing 192; Croswell praises 195 ; Van Buren 
 ditto 197 ; V:ui Buren sugKosts to 200 : in 1827-8, 201 ; 
 Van Buron's grief at loss of electiin of 205 ; Swiss mer- 
 cenary 214 ; Ritchie to, on inde))eiiileiice 215 ; office beg- 
 ging 216: borrows by Burrows 223; denounces Wet- 
 more and hunts for a general's birth 225 ; kind to poor 
 Blair 233 ; editor of the Sun 3(X;. 
 
 Nominations: A mockerj of dimocraoy 23-4. 
 
 North American Trust Co: Iloyt's connection with 
 179. 
 
 Norvell, John: Note to Gage 290. 
 
 Nullification: Nullifiers crazy 2;i3. 
 
 Oakley, Jesse (Swart't's suretyi: 220, 221. 
 
 Oakley, Thomas J: Appointed Attorney General by 
 Hie federalists 29 ; Jesse's surety for $200,000, 191 ; anti- 
 war 210. 
 
 O'Connell. Daniel: 47 ; on Polk and slavery 273; com- 
 mon law and 303. 
 
 Office Hunting: 12 ; 22 ; 30 ; 81, 82 ; by Kendall 117 
 to 119 ; by John Van Buren 148 ; by Edmonds, Ice: 170, 
 171 ; Cutting annoyed by 180 ; Hoyt on 198 ; Codding- 
 ton 208 to 214; Hoyt and Swartwout 209 to 212 ; Spioer 
 212; Ritchie's horror at 215; Noah at 216; Ingham an- 
 noyed by 217; Hoyt again, ib:; Van Buren hunts for 
 Hoyt 216 ; a family affair 219 ; more 220, 221 ; Webb 
 and Noah 224, 225 ; Webb t'other way 230-1 ; Wetmore 
 2-13 
 
 Official Station. Ought priestg to be ineligible to hold? 
 33. 
 
 Ogden, Francis: Consul at Liverpool 63; defeats 
 Cambreleng 101 ; 213. 
 
 Ogden, Henry: On Hoyt's letters 9 ; custom bouse 
 and 133. 
 
 Ogsbury, Francis: Wetmore on 2'13 ; an active poUti- 
 clan 244. 
 
 Olcott, Egbert: Cashier of Watervliet bank 94: 
 
 Oloott, Tlieodore: Surety frr Egbert 94: 
 
 Olcott, T: W: As a security 94 ; 126 ; to Butler on 
 pretended banks 157 ; coaxes vainly 160: 
 
 One term principle 111. 
 
 Oregon question: 271, 272, 294. 
 
 O'Sulllvan, John L. A contractor 71 ; confesses the 
 sins of his party 133 ; putfs Ueers's bank 180 ; rebukes 
 tlie slavers 294 ; contcnms the cattle 296. 
 
 Oswego. Commercial B'k of broken s. f. 94. 
 
 Owen, Robert Dale. Luminous (!) argument on sla- 
 very 59. 
 
 Pakenham, Richard. Calhoun to, on elements of 
 public safe.y 6.5. 
 
 Parker, Philip S. Speech on V. Rensselaer's appt.83. 
 
 Pamtill, Sir Henry. For Canadian independence 385. 
 Partnership, Law. In England 140. 
 
 Party but no Principle. 29 ; 31 ; Peter Allen, and 
 H. Fellowes 51 ; Clinton excluded from Canal Board 
 50 to 54 ; the Bucktails 55 ; Davis describes 80 to 83 ; 
 Montague on 115; Butler's profession agt. 151,- bnd 
 efforts for 168—9; Sutherlanil's letter on 183; carried 
 far 1H6 ; A/gus in aid of 190 ; Livingston, Van Buien 
 and Thompson 196 ; V. B. on (bets) 205 ; saved by a 
 Doctor 207 ; specimens 208 lo 214. 
 Peace. 136. 
 
 Peace of 1815. Comments in old and new wnrias on 
 268 to 270. 
 
 Ponrce, Dutee J. To Hoyt on Rhode Island politics, 
 Potter, Francis, &.c. 2.')3. 
 Peel, Sir Robert. On English Banking MO. 
 Pet, Deposite, or Treasury Bunks. Account of 113 to 
 126 ; .Inchsonndmires and is decelvrd by 115, 116; poli- 
 tical 115; Kendall agent to 117; Polk the leading ad- 
 vocnte of lao to 134 ; $646,754 lost thro' 134 ; 50 Polk- 
 pets now 143. 
 
 ii] 
 
 m 
 
 ■m 
 
 m 
 
:l 
 
 RIT. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 STE. 
 
 Phetps, Thaddpiis. Qucpr six bank nnd freo trndp 
 Irtler by J74 ; Livingston on 178 ; lloyt's surety 104 ; -i'irt 
 '-.■til. 
 
 I'hillips, Joshim. Loaves Custom Ho. 133 ; how he 
 and Aitrun iV. ;;(it into it -ill!. 
 
 Prendergast,' Jcili ih. Van Biiren and Y'liing's con- 
 duct 'ovvard liini ;">■'. 
 
 Pickens, Francus W. Blair's picture by HI; at Bal- 
 timore i!"J-'i. 
 
 "! I.. 
 
 Pise, Dr. Constantine. On Church and State U.iions 
 
 G<». 
 
 I'itchrr, General Nath'l. Davis on V. U's iisripe <it 
 SO, 81 ; on baniisSC ; reason for V. B's luislriist of 151 ; 
 ib. 207 ; in opposition 234. 
 
 Planters' B'k of Mississippi. Deposites In 124. 
 
 Plattsliiirgh Banks. 34 : !)4. 
 
 Poindexter, (icorge. Votes aj't Stevnson 93; on 
 Woodbury and Iloyi 149 ; Webl) lb. fighting -i'M. 
 
 Poinsett, ,1. K. opposes the Crawford C.iucus 'i:> : 
 ■i')0,0(iO niilitii plan by 14,5 ; notice of 203 : i:; Mexico 27'). 
 
 Polish exilos. Voie on aiding 131. 
 
 Polk, .1am lis Kno.v. t)n private paper.i 10 ; duly ap- 
 preciates the lloyt cnrrospondencp -lielects I'Mmris a< 
 P. ;M. 11 : rejects Coddington 12; keep.-; Record Clerks 
 13; keeps Butler in ollico, tho' dislioiipst ; why 3() : 
 41 ; 47 : his inaugural on Tex.is and Slavery .111 ; iiativ- 
 isin elected 711 ; Welniore and 90 ; 97 ; at ti"d of ways 
 and means US; t'.s Buchanan from Congress IH ; lO.'i; 
 ilO; notice (if 123; 124; V, Buren's pet bank cham- 
 pion 130 to 134; on Oregon 131; piiys llollinanall ar- 
 rears 131— 2: rpl'iisDs aid to exiles 131 ; opposes sub- 
 treasury 134 ; 141 ; is its leading advocate 111; cheeks 
 bankenipiiry 13.'>; condemns land sptculation, but sug- 
 gests no remedy l.'jO; his N. Y. Dist. Attorney and liie 
 Patroon 158-9 fand see Butler]; Butler, Hovt's sureties 
 and 194 ; 271; lat.49° and 272; 's nativeism272; O'Con- 
 nellto273;fiu colonial system 270 5 chnngpd:'80; Noah's 
 dislike to, ib. ; dislikes V. Buren 291 ; his p|pd::es rmd 
 i.omination at Baltimore 292 to ;iUS ; and lilair IVM ; 
 chooses Ritchie 301; on postage 3U1 ; Beach, Te.vas and 
 306. 
 
 Porter, Governor David. Weed, tho bank ani" 298. 
 
 Poner. Peter B. Vote tm 1'. aiul M. bank 80. 
 
 'PosTAUK. 1; Tyler secures cheap 111 ; advantages 
 of .301. 
 
 Post-office. Espionage system in U; Van Huren 
 makes political machinery of it 30. 
 
 Powers, J inies. Votes against city b'k, Buflaio Oil. 
 
 Prall. Ichaboil. Swartwout on appraisers 223. 
 
 Price. U'm. M. 112; 220: Hoyt shuns him 2.50; 2.57. 
 
 PRiNriNo. Sre Croswell — Leake — Cantine— Blair— 
 Kitchie— South wick — Hill — Kvening Post — Newspa- 
 pers. 
 
 Private Banking. Flagg on 176 ; Tracy for 179. 
 
 Private Correspondence. Polk on 10, 11 ; Crawford 
 on 10«; Cambreleng's notions of 2.34; Webb on 23(): 
 Franklin and 304. 
 
 Proscription, Political. V. B. for 112. 
 
 Puni.ic Lands. How to stop monopoly, and layout 
 new states 1.50; Jackson desired to stop monopoly in 
 203; Dallas on 2;I8; American Co. 308. 
 
 Purdy. Elijah F. 131 : 220. 
 
 Uuackenbusj, Mangle M. [surety for Swartwout] 
 219. 
 
 Randolph, John. Envoy to Russia 100; onU. S. Bank 
 129; on Cannda 283. 
 
 Randolph, Thos. Jefferson. 210 ! on slavery 270. 
 
 Redfield, Henian J. Votes to expel t'linton I'rojn canal 
 board .53; ami acst the people, as one of the iuuiiortal 
 17 — 57 ; votes for party b.^nks 87 ; Clinton w'd not no- 
 minate 2113, 
 
 Reese, Major. A very honest bank commissioner is 91. 
 
 Reform. Its gigantic strides over Britain and Ireland 
 40, 47 ; ib. 272. 
 
 Rejon, .Manuel 0. On L'. S. Mexican policy (15. 
 
 Religious Frecalom. Increase of. In United kingdom 
 47. Representati 10 System. 2. 
 
 Repndiation nf IJebti". Foreign creditors nn 017. 
 
 Revolutiiin nf 1770. Walpole an lulmirer «( -P*. 
 
 Kiggs, Isaac. Votes ajfst. Clinton's removal from the 
 canal board 02 ; and to give the people the cb'ice uf Elec- 
 tors .'57. 
 
 RiToiiiE, TiroMAS. 12; for Cr.iwfurJ and the U.S. 
 liank 78; prnphocies truly 83; on bvibin;; iM. C 's with 
 oUicey? to ItXlj Stevenson's oascOit, Cms ncrj 103; ap- 
 
 proves of Daauc'.s rcfu.sal 110; ag.tin.st sub-treasury .".nd 
 for pct.slU; on militia plan 115; east room and 201, 211; 
 scolds i^oab and tiirn.i censor 211; )0'ofpndK to be inde- 
 pendent—bind :is a state iiiaehine 210 ; lettei .m Webb, 
 bets, &c. 210; on C:uiada 28.5 ; no fricml of V. B. 291 ; on 
 Clay. &c. 292; menioir of 2'J8 to 301; violent against 
 Jackson .300. 
 
 Kivt'.-i. William ('. In congrps.?. tr„ an cmba.'sy 101. 
 
 I!obiu.-!on, -Alorris. IMay lend the money of 11 tOR'igjn 
 bank HI. 
 
 Robin.-ion, Peter. Put do^-n for honest voting 94; 20.5. 
 
 Koobester, Unnk of. Vote on 87. 
 
 Uocbester, William B. receives equivocal support fur 
 gov'r S2; susjiiciou,^ conduct of V. B. to 201. 
 
 Roarers. Halsey. Foi- (' million luink 27 ; 13 1. 
 
 liooT, ICiiASTi',';. V"tc.« on six million b'k and bonus 
 27; inipoacbos Jud.irt Vim Ncs.sO-i; voles ng't V. Borcn 
 fir bank eiir|Uiry .'.ri; S,"; -1^: for pvcsi.b'iitial eleetors by 
 the iwople .57 : on a bind jobl.iiig bank 111; H3; for Pit- 
 cher 2'H, UVlilifur 221; Canibivlciig di.«likps 2:34; 'iV! ; 
 on blaol;,. 271; aiiri-slavcry 278; Spencer to 30.5. 
 
 Rowan. Jango Jolin, Kv. 200. 
 
 Itudd. Tbcron. Defalcation of 131. 
 I Kufifrics, Hoiij. of Ohio. Kejeets V. B. 112. 
 I Kuj;.y;lps. I'bilo. .V friend of jieace 210. 
 
 Uu.'li, liicbard. For ('.a.^^s as president 104. 
 : I!u.vsian Kiubassy i§l8,0tK) first vean Jolin Randolph, 
 ;J. Buchanan, A\ . Wilkins, (;. C. Cainlovlcng, G. M. 
 I Dalbi,* ivcopt KMi; W. J. Ihianc and S. I), lugbam refuse 
 ;ib. and 1111; Adams's n-.otion on KH; Duaiio and Jack- 
 .<on 12-2; Dallas and '298. 
 
 Safety Fun 1. S.'C State of N. Y. Safety Fund. 
 
 St. L'lwrencc, Navig.ation of the 111, 112; carrying 
 trade rid, ib. 
 
 viiidl'ird, C. W. A.sks Throop to aiipoint Wetmore Q. 
 .M. a. 220. 
 
 S.iiidy Hill. Bo.auty. banking, law and Butler, at 151 
 to l''2; Butler leaves li;.5. 
 
 Savage, Chief Justice. On Sol. Van Rensselaer 82. 
 
 Seceders of S.'othnid. b" 
 
 Secret Orrcspoudciioe. 10 to 12. 
 
 Search Warrant 11. 
 
 .Spdirwiok, Tbeoilore. On Tcx.i.s 0.3. 
 
 Seidell, Diidlcv. Votes .aid to exiles 131 ; and apst Polk's 
 pet banks 131 ; Flajir agst. 173; letter on V. B., Calhoun, 
 iVc. 220; Stilwel! on '227; 231. 
 
 Seynicir, Horatio. Vt.. Votes to reject V. B. 112. 
 
 Shannon. Wilson. His wonderful despatches and lot- 
 tor,-: or.. 
 
 Slade, Willi.am. Voti's ag.-it. Polk's freitsuvy pets 134. 
 
 Slamni. Levi 1). Note on reform by 1.5 ; Customs, ad- 
 vertising to !47. 
 
 Slavkhv op Color- Ni;ono Bondage. Blotted 
 out by Britain 17; I'olk'.-- iiiiiugural 011 59; in Texas 03, 
 61; Cbaniiiiig on 63. 06; I'alboun on 61. 6.5; ("ambreleng 
 on 1P2: Cass on 103. 10.5; Young on 127. 28'!; Adams, 
 O'Coiini'll. Ciilboun, Texas, on 272 ; Jac k.-^uii to the black.s, 
 and O'Coimell on 273-1; shall bla.}k men vote'/ 274-fi; 
 Washington. Tfpsbur, (,'alhoiin and J'lTer-ion on, ib; opi- 
 nions on 27i)-7-8; free labor and 281; Wright on 281; 
 Greeley iph, in Florida 282: O'Sullivan on 294; Bancroft 
 on 295; Beach condemns Texan U'*!. 
 
 Smith, Isa.Te S. (Buft'alo stockjobber.) Patriotism ami 
 bank borrowing 90, 91. 
 
 Smith, T. L.' Objects to V. B.'.s S.ifcty Fund 92, Cod- 
 dinaton on 2(W; wont bo P. M. 212. 
 
 South Carolina, f-'lioice of Kloctors not by the People 
 .57; .sufferings by the UuiouOl; votes for V. Buren as 
 Prest. 112. ■ 
 
 Southwick, Solomon. Van Buren's friend 22; ho de- 
 scribes V. Buren 26; fried fer bribery 27; set up for go- 
 vernor by a trick "-^1 ; bis removal from post offlce 81 to 
 83; V. B. on his vote 20.5; im C.nada 284. 
 
 Speight, Jesse. On Katon iind .lackson 110. 
 
 Spi'iicer, .Ambi(i..<e. Agst. 6 mill bk. '27; on ('linton 
 and Van Buren's course last war 18, 49; rebukes Butler 
 166; Butler bitter .tgst. 167. 
 
 Silencer, Ji dm (/'. Ag-^t. 6 mill bk. 27; De Tocqiieville 
 by 99; for economy 190: on com. law 305. 
 
 Spicer, Gcnl. P. W. Place-hunting 213; Wetmorc CH 
 213. 
 
 Starr, rhandler. Safety Fund report on, by 89. 
 
 State I,oans 126. 
 
 Stebbim;, Charles. Notice of 93, 94< 
 
 . >* 
 
 li 
 
 I 
 I 
 ■I 
 
 Stevenson, J 
 bow ^elected 1 
 !:ickid in Senn 
 
 Stilwell, Sill 
 wants iiioie pi 
 den 227 ; for I 
 
 Stockholder 
 Sti : notion.s al 
 
 Stoekjobbin 
 Young laS; b 
 plains it 189; 
 
 Sf ivmalian, C 
 (anal Board T 
 bank votes S7. 
 
 Strong, Geoi 
 
 Strong, J, H, 
 
 Strong, T. R 
 
 SuB-'TnEAsi 
 142 ; they adn 
 putting it in fti 
 140 ; Jackson n 
 of it 1 12 ; Wa 
 182 ; IMarcy, & 
 
 Sudani. Jchu 
 f-'anals 53 ; an 
 and notice of 1 
 
 Sumner. Chs 
 
 Sutherland, '. 
 principal follov 
 ib.; C'aniDreloi 
 
 Sutherland, . 
 
 Swartwout, I 
 
 SWAHTWOIT' 
 
 Jncksou 6,3, 64 
 
 scramble for pi 
 
 for lair apjirai 
 
 228 ; jiart of li 
 
 Texas, to Gen. 
 
 201 : his brotlK 
 
 Talcott, Gen. 
 
 Tallm.idge, I 
 
 Talliii.adge, C 
 
 '7 ; Wright on 
 
 Tallmadgc, 
 
 111 ; on Marcy 
 
 Tammany ij; 
 
 rhartereil denu 
 
 Tnnev, Rogc 
 
 122; l'i3; 126 
 
 opinion on U. f 
 
 Targce, Johr 
 
 Temple, Rol 
 
 of S. T. Van B 
 
 Tenne.s,see. 
 
 Tkxa,s. Po 
 
 Van Buren'p p 
 
 61 to 66: 143: 
 
 272 ; Clav on 2' 
 
 Ritchie for 301 
 
 Thnrslou L. 
 
 taoek surety fo 
 
 Thoina.s, D.a' 
 
 Thompson, J 
 
 by Jackson 44 
 
 pointed Wasso 
 
 Throop, Kuo 
 
 211; voted for 
 
 Throop, Geo 
 
 Tibbitts, KM 
 
 his bank plan 
 
 Tompkins, I 
 
 Tonawi,: da, 
 
 Townscnd R 
 
 Tradesmen's 
 
 I)et 124 ; Barki 
 
 Treasury Ni 
 
 Truth telle 
 
 Tyler, Robe 
 
 Tyler, John 
 
 for Van Buren 
 
 with the pres,« 
 
 Ulshocfl'er, 1 
 
 too democratic 
 
 ble talk, We.st^ 
 
 X 
 
ULS. 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 VAN. 
 
 xi 
 
 nst sub-treasury and 
 itrooiii iuiaeill, 211; 
 |iri'tpii(|s to I'e inJc- 
 21",; lettei m Webb, 
 iciiil of V. B. 291 ; on 
 301; violent asainst 
 
 t«. an cmbai-fy 101. 
 u money of ii t'ortij^n 
 
 loiiest voting 94 ; COj. 
 
 ifliiivocal support llr 
 H. to 201. 
 anl< 27 ; l;'^ ». 
 iiillinn b'k ami bonus 
 ; votes ng't V. Boren 
 ■o-iiibMitiiil olectorfi by 
 nlv 111; 1«3; for Pit- 
 ■iiS tli.«liliGs 231; 25! ; 
 leucer to 3i).",. 
 
 Jt. 
 
 V. B. 112. 
 ee 210. 
 !si(Ient 1IJ4. 
 yean .Ic^lin Kandolpji, 
 "C'lUiibvelcnfr, G. M. 
 il S. 11. liipliain vefiise 
 
 II; Uuaiiu and Jaek- 
 
 '. Safety Fund. 
 
 e 111, 'l!2; earryiUR 
 
 ai'poiiit Wetmore Q. 
 
 aw ami Butler, at 151 
 
 . Van Rensselaer 82. 
 
 03. 
 
 ?s 13i ; and ap.st Polk'f 
 iter on V. B., Calhoun, 
 
 reject V. B. 112. 
 
 il despatches and let- 
 
 k's treasury pets 134. 
 I by I'l; Cust'jnis, ad- 
 
 BoNDAOE. Blotted 
 il on r.!i ; in Texas Cv), 
 ju (il. (i.'i; ('aiubrelcuK 
 on 127, 2S| ; Ail.inis, 
 J;u l;s,jii to till" blaeks, 
 i.}k nieu vote? 274-5; 
 I .1' fTcr^onou, ib; opi- 
 2-^1; Wriarht on 2.S1 ; 
 ivan on 294; Bancroft 
 
 ber.) Patriotism and 
 S.afety Fuiid92, Cod- 
 tors not bv tlie People 
 r'otes for V, Buren as 
 
 •n's friend 22; he de- 
 
 leiy 27; set up forgo- 
 
 fi'oni post ofliee 81 to 
 
 ida284, 
 
 ackson 110. 
 
 I bk. 27; on Clinton 
 
 8,49; rebukes Butler 
 
 k. 27; DoTocqueville 
 
 iw 39.",. 
 
 iig 213; Wetmorc c» 
 
 port on, by 89. 
 
 94. 
 
 S'.ovenfeon, Andrew, In Crawford minority caucus o5 ; 
 bow <eiected lor an ambassador 96 to 98 ; furiously at- 
 tacked :u Senate 171. 
 
 Htilwell, Silas M. 107 ; wants a place— notice of 213 ; 
 wants 111 "le plafos22'i: on S. Cambreleng 22C, ; on Sel- 
 den227; for U. S. I!iuik241. 
 
 Stockholders of Banks. For liability of ST, ; on do. 
 Sii : notion.s about in (jeiirj.'ia 229. 
 
 .Stockjobbing. 8.', to.-*7: CanibreleiiK 'f'-'. 112; 12.',-r,; 
 Youns I2S; 137, 1,'W; )gso,(KK1 cleaved 142; Kevins cx- 
 plaiu.s it 189; J. Van Biireu on a">l ; 2.">4-.'',. 
 
 iSti-analian, Col. Farrand. Votes to c.\pel Clinton from 
 < anal Board "lo ; and ai) one of the immortal 17, 57 ; 
 bank votes h7. 
 
 Stronf.', George D. 2)8. 
 
 Strong, ,1. H, 8aved from ruin in state libr.iry 170. 
 
 Strong, T. R. A bank non-receiver 94, 
 
 Sub-Tbeasury. Polk and Blair dciionr.ce it 131, 140, 
 142; they admire and support itl!!, H')yt and Allen 
 putting it in force rby way of miwkerj'i 1,39: Calhoun on 
 140; Jackson against it 141 ; for it! ! 1 ; Kitoliio kafr.aid 
 of it 142; Walker trying it 112: Hoyt's 179; Rtice of 
 182 ; Marcy, &c. on 2it7 ; in war 293. 
 
 Sudani. j<4in. Votes, 1821, to remove Clinton from 
 <;anals 53 ; and a.s one of the immortal 17, 57 ; letter 
 and notice of 199, 
 
 Sumner, Charles. On negro equ.ality 274. 
 
 Sutherland, l)r. Joel B. 93 ; votes on pet banks 134 ; 
 principal foUov.-s interest with (a letter) 1S2 ; notice of. 
 ib. ; Canioreleng on 2:13, 231. 
 
 Sutherland, Judge Jacob. 170, 171. 
 
 Swartwout, Robert. On ilie Chemical Bunk 33. 
 
 SwAitTWOUT, Samuel. 41; ageut tor Burr ('i2 ; for 
 Jackson 63, 1,4 ; embezzles revenue wholesJile 133 ; in 
 scramble for plunder 209 : |luff^ Burrows 2"22 : his effort 
 lor lair apiiraisi:ments 223: to Woodbury for nephew 
 2'iS ; p,an of his default started Blair 233; -letters on 
 Texas, to Gen. Houston, Col. Thorne, Breedlove, 250 to 
 261 : his brother's toast 2^1. 
 
 Talcott, Gen. S. A, Butler on 170, 
 
 T.allmadge, 1). B. For free banking 174. 
 
 Talliiiadge, General Jame.s. Elected Lieut. Governor 
 ."7 ; Wright on 203. 
 
 Tallmadge, Nathaniel P. Votes for Stevenson 98 ; 
 111 ; on Marcv and Sub-Treasury 207 ; to Hoyt257. 
 
 Tammany l(;5U0,(l(K) Bank. By Stephen Allen, to help 
 rharteied democrats 241. 
 
 Taney, Roger B. How to get to be chief justice 76 , 
 122; 123; 120; Adams's amusing vote of thanks to 135 ; 
 opinion on U. S. 15aiik to Butler 171. 
 
 Targee, John. Hamilton's $2(KI ,and 205 ; 21 1. 
 
 Temple, Robert E. (Adjutant General), brothcr-in-l.iw 
 of S. T. Van Buren. 20. 
 
 Tennes,see. Union Bank of, deposits in 121. 
 
 Texas. Polk upon 59; Ol ; Channing to Cl.iy on 63; 
 Van Bureu's policvtoO-1; "281 ; (Calhoun's course as to 
 64 to 66: 143; Swartwout and 2."9 to 261; slavery in 
 272 ; Clav on 273 : Baltimore resolve 294 ; Young on 296 ; 
 Rit<-hie for 301 ; Beach on and otT .306-7. 
 
 Thurston L. M. Jesse's clerk, his brother-in-livw, and 
 mock surety for §200,000— 19,1. 
 
 Thomas, Daviil. Tried for bribery 27. 
 
 Thompson, Jonathan. Removed from Custom House 
 by Jackson 44: at request of politicians 211 ; 216; ap- 
 pointed Wasson 220. 
 
 Throop, Enos T. On banks ,89 132 ; notice of 207-8 ; 
 21 1 ; voted for United States Bank charter 248. 
 
 Throop, George B. Bank votes, 1829—93. 
 
 Tibbitts, Elisha. Webbon 102; 112; Bennett on 222; 
 his bank plan 232, 2,33, 
 
 Tompkins, Daniel I). Opposes bank charters 26, 27, 
 
 Tonawi.: da, I5ank of, 91, 
 
 Townsend Itobert. Croswell on 1,17. 
 
 Tradesmen's Bank, N, Y, Vote ou 86; a treasury 
 l)et 124 ; Barker for 192, 
 
 Treasury Notes. Issued bv V^nn Buren 137, 
 
 Truth Teller newspaper. 238, 
 
 Tyler, Robert, Note to Mackenjiic 9, 
 
 Tyler, John, 98; national bank veto by 111; votes 
 for Van Buren as envoy to England 112 ; on interfering 
 with the press 215. 
 
 Ul^hocficr, Henry. Custom House espionage, Boggs 
 too democratic, scandal retailed, Shourt t)ic cartman, ta- 
 ble talk, We-stervelt, bad Whigs 204 265. 
 
 Ulshoeffer, Mich.iel. For bank inquiry 35 ; cunning 
 '86 ; frank 167 ; letter to Hoyt lilO, 191. 
 
 U.N'iTED States Bank. Van Buren party, friends and 
 eiiomies of 74 to 78 : iMouroe, Madison, and Marshall on 
 75, 76 ; Van Bnien ngainst 105 ; its claim to the deposits 
 1 14, 115 ; Harrisi.ii's death stopped a third 121 ; treasury 
 deposits and 131 to 1.34 ; shares unduly .affected 142 ; 
 Butler against the pkesent one 171 ; Hoyt's stock in 
 18.5 ; Neviiis the broker against 189 : d'ambreleng's war 
 against23il— wanted Tibbitts's plan 232— « national bank 
 2,')3 : Webb and Noah's loan from 2-35 ; A. Ward on 
 239 ; S. Allen and C. Livingston for it 241 ; Wright, 
 Lawrence, Hoyt, &e. on 2-17-8-9 ; the Uallases on 297 ; 
 Weed on 298. 
 
 United States Constitution. Its imperfections 55, 56. 
 
 U. S. Navy. 7 ; enormous sinecure captaincies, &c. 
 119 ; Swartwout, note. 228. 
 
 U. S. Supreme Cnurt. Declare U. S. Bank legal 76 ; 
 too costly for the pe.iple 30.3. 
 
 Upshur, A. P. On Texas as a slave mart 65. 
 
 Usury Laws, Young niiainst, 130 ; Uurko on, MU ; 
 Flags and Livingston on, 1T6; Cutting on, 177. 
 
 Van Aleii, James I. Van Burcn's hall-brother, sent 
 to Cons-rcss, &c., 21, 22 ; lilO, 
 
 Van Buren, Abrahaiii and Marj-, Parentage of Mar- 
 tin, 18 i()20. 
 
 Van Huren, Aliraliani jr., marries, 20. 
 
 Van Buren, Ahraluini (livother uf president) 190. 
 
 Van Btitis!*, John marries, 20: altornoy to ,'i hank, 
 85; niiplit uiakn bad banks better 1 04 ; Marcy's ninrt- 
 liaue and nitss^i^c, 12,5-6; 142; notice of, 147-8; iden- 
 tifies Wrhl), is screened by VV. T, McCoun, is partner 
 with J. McKown, !.'i is {'il2.')0 for assisting at Boughton's 
 trials I 48, is attorney-general by caucus, ib,: letters, 
 202, 205: borrows of Hoyt, 244; swears and spells, 
 2lii; sccii't liinls to— buying stocks— cursing^linrrow- 
 iufr — Whipple, 2,")0 ; slockjohbini:, 2."i2-3; betting, 255; 
 iiioie L'.i 111 III iiiL[, 2.50; nioic yel, 25" ; loriows and specu- 
 lates, 261; begs Jesse's aid, 202. 
 
 Van Burbn, Martin, 7; 17; his birth, parentage, 
 cr)nne.\ioiis, habits, marriage, sons, 19, 20 ; licensed as 
 a l.iwyei — lakes ofliee— political moves, 21, 22 ; in- 
 iripurs" lor hanks, and lieconios director of Hudson 
 liaiik, 23, 24 ; sets up lis a hard money man, 25 ; us a 
 ^o^t. 32; •-"oulhwick on, 26 and 21)3 ; on 6 mill b'k, 27; 
 appointed Attorney-General, 28; chosen senator for 
 ColunibiM C,i., ill. ; votes for Clinton to be Presiilent, 
 i-lt : interferes with the PostOfiice, 30; swerves from 
 tniili lis to his Bank votes, 31 ; charters the old Hutfulo 
 hank, 32; against a specie clause, ib. ; h\< and Can- 
 tine's bank inirifjurs, ,34, 35; he puts down Bank in- 
 quiry, 35; saves the- Washington and Warren bank 
 charter, votes iipainst taxing Bank slock, and lor two 
 hank clnarters, 37, 38; his nianiruvrrs, ill. ; for Auburn 
 Hank, ib. ; abhors bank knavery, 42 ; the ripht hand 
 man to Clinton, 1812, 44 ; lor and against n caucus, 
 ill.; gives rsirecker (tlice, ib: explanations of his war 
 conduct, 45, 40; urges on Clinton, then desert* him — 
 .Amhrose Spencer on, 48,49 ; Clinton e.vpelled from the 
 Ciui.il Board. .50 to ,53: traduces (Clinton when alive, 
 lauds him when dead, ,54 ; bis sense of justice, or the 
 Prenderpnst vote, 52 ; on district election*. 56 ; his 
 Crawford caucus 55 to ,58; ditto 195; Ciilholics and 
 70; In t'. S. Senate, 72; on iiiiprisi^nment 79; on 
 internal iniprovemoiit. ib. ; character of, 73 : for a U, H. 
 Hank and not tiir ii, 75 to 78; jietilious Biddle for U. S.^ 
 Iirniicli bank, 79; Davis on, 80, 81; repulatinc the 
 PoBt-Oflico, 81 to 83; for Clay and Adams, 83; his 
 siil'ety lunil, 84 to 95 ; governor, 88 ; against banks, 89 ; 
 Stevenson for, 98 : selects oliices iVoiu (Congress, 101 ; 
 tho freedom, 101; claims on France and, 105; Jack- 
 son's cabinet quarrel and 106, to 111 ; Crawloid intrigue 
 and, 108 ; Branch and Webb on, 1119, 110 ; goes envoy 
 to London, 111; njccted by U. S. senate, 112; proscrip- 
 tion liy, ib. ; ciccicd V, I'., 113; on pet banks, 114 to 
 120; to Me Lane on do., 120; electioneers, 124: dodges 
 votes, 129; on bank debts, ib. ; Young On, 130; for 
 and not for b'k restriction, 138 ; lor money w.II mixed, 
 139; sub treasury and, 142; endorses Blair, li:' : exam- 
 ples in style, 144; profligatn exiiendlture of, l-!4 to 149; 
 standing army of 200,000, 145 ; meanness in money, 140 
 and ! ! ! ; Butler and, 1,53, 1.54. KiO to 165 ; toasted as an 
 Prskine. 166; letters of, 183, 184; his terror about 815, 
 180; letters, 180—7—8, 190; on Albany Argus, 19U; 
 
 
 
 ■'. X'' '' 
 
 v.- 
 
 
 ^'^f>>^' 
 
 Wfi L 
 
 -r'.:y 
 
 I 
 
f 
 
 xu 
 
 WEB. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 YUL. 
 
 offices in family, ib. ; Barker on. 192 ; on party, 196 ; 
 letters on Noah, Clay and Adaiiia— la «ure of Craw- 
 ford's success— Noalj on V. B., 1!)7, 198; Telegraph, 
 endorsing, visiting Crawford, iiOO: suspicious course 
 tuw'ils Rochester, 'JOl ; Wright's letter on the simils 
 to, 203 ; letters on election of "28, Noah, bets, &c., 204-5 ; 
 on Providence, Butler, VVestervelt, 20t) ; Marcy saved, 
 Weslerveit saves, 207 ; Bryan Farrell, Hoyt and, 211 ; 
 Noah on, 214 -, on Hoyt's bad manners, 216 ; educated 
 lioyt, ib. ; on Mackenzie, 222 ; to Hoyt from London, 
 2£> ; Webb Would fight for, 2:U, 232 ; Bennett and Euro- 
 peans, 236 ; electioneering, isn ; Bennett on — on Bennett, 
 245; on Swartvvout, 25U; Godwin on, 251 ; on Whigs, 
 &c., 2S7: notes, 258; takes Plaindeuler, 2G2; help for 
 God's sake, ib. ; on Amistcad negroes, 274 ; Leggott on 
 slavery, outrage and, 277 j slavery in Missouri and, 278 ; 
 coasting trade in slaves and, 279 ; Cuba and, ib.; agt. colo- 
 nial settlements, lb. ; Canada proclamation by, 280, 289 ; 
 on annexation, 281 ; Iowa and. 282; failure, 1840, 2*2; 
 author's imprisonment and, 290; for Polk, Dallas and, 
 of course, Te.vas, 293 ; electioneering, 302 ; agt. cheap 
 law, 304— D ; agt. a convention, 305 ; Bank of Hudson 
 and, 307. 
 
 Van Buren, Martin, letters by, 30, 70, 72, 79. 
 
 Van Uuren, Martin, jr., 20. 
 
 Van Buren, Smith Thompson, marries, 20. 
 
 Vanderpoel, Judge Aaron, votes for Polk's pet banks, 
 134 ; notice of— to Hoyt, 262-3. 
 
 Vanderpoel, James (Vice Chancellor), 20; deals in 
 slocks, 252. 
 
 Van Dieman's Land Prigonew. 287. 
 
 Van Ness, Cornelius P. 9, 10, 12 to 14, V. B. to 
 against slavery 279. 
 
 Van Ness, William P. 19, on Society— U. S. Judge, 
 New York 23, his clerk embezzles $118,000, on foreigners 
 70, in Hudson bank 23 and 307. 
 
 Van Ness, Judge W. W. Tried for bribery 27, 28, 
 Butler's opinion of 164, 
 
 Van Rensseliver, Solomon. Van Buren tries to prevent 
 his apoointment iw P. M. 82, 83, E. Livingston on 186. 
 
 VatiRensseliier Stephen(the Voung Patroun). Butler's 
 wine debauch with 40, ilitto 158. 
 
 Van Schaick, Myndert Van. Voted fur city bank, 
 Buffalo 90, for national bank 241. 
 
 Verplanck, Gulian C. On bank deposits 131, 185, no- 
 tices of 202, 205, note 206, what pledge ? 212, candidate 
 for mayor 247, on equity law 303. 
 
 Veto on Laws. Should it not be in the people ? 2, bad 
 use (if this power by Van Buren 116 to 149. 
 
 Virginia. Viluing Texas as a slave mart 65, Ran- 
 dolph, ice. on slavery in 276, 279, Ritchie and 298 to 301. 
 
 V'otes, Voting. Young on 127. 
 
 Walker. Robert J. On Hoyt letters 12, retains Cor- 
 yell and Ooldson 13. notice of ns, on banks— appoint- 
 ments by 99, naval olflee under 132, Butler and, at Bal- 
 timore 294 
 
 Walsh, Michael. A lej?al oontrast .'302, 
 
 V. B. 231, would flght Poindexter 232, his card, ib., on 
 Marcy's nomination 235, on private letters 236, Ritchie's 
 oompiaint a,:?ainst 2t0, describes C. W. Lawrence 217, 
 bets $4500— 2:>5. 
 
 Webber, Robert. 9, 12, 223. 
 
 Webster, Daniel. Blair censures for giving office to 
 Europeans 71, on cnrrency 78, on U. Sbank92, vote 
 against Stevenson 98, on patronage 101, on sUive trade 
 105, rejects V. B. 112, on banks 114, on (;anada284. 
 
 Weed, Thurlow. Takes Croswell's stronghold 146-7, 
 United States bank 298, on land co'g. 308. 
 
 Wellington, Duke of. On war 3. 
 
 Wells, Alexander. 126. 
 
 Wesley, John. A missionary in Oa. 296. 
 
 Westchester Polities. A word on 238, Mirev on 237. 
 
 VVestervelt, Dr. V. B. praises 206, Pitcher upset 207. 
 
 Wetmore, Prosper M. 22, for city bank, Buffalo 90, 
 Webb's objection to 224 to 226, Sandford for 226 to 
 Swartwout about Spioer, Ogsbury, &o. 243-4, on organ- 
 izing board of brokers 261. 
 
 Whei^on, Henry. Votes to expel Clinton from tha 
 Miial hUrtl 52. f.ir popular elections 57, 169, 189, notice 
 of 195, 196, nn Canada 234. 
 
 White, Canipliell P. Votes the deposits to the pets 
 131, and burrows out the dollars 135. 
 
 Whit« Plains bank. 13-^. 
 
 Whitney, Stephen. Against U. ,S. bank. Why? 171, 
 
 Whittlesey, Frederick. Votes against Polk's pet 
 banks l^i. 
 
 Wlcklitfe, Robert, of Ky, On executive corruption by 
 V. B. 96. 
 
 VVildo, Richard H. of Ga. Report of, agst Polk's pets 
 134. 
 
 Wilkin, Samuel J. Votes in assemltly against the 
 immort<il 17—57. 
 
 Wilkin, James W. Vote on 6 mill. h'k. 28; 44 ; a can- 
 didate for U. S. Senate 70. 
 
 Wilklns, William. Votes for Stevenson 98 ; and for 
 V. B. 112; on land bill 298. 
 
 Willin Shcrrod. V. Buren to. 30, 77,88, 114: 
 
 Windt, John, and Evans Geo. Their simple plan to 
 protect land settlers and stop monopoly 150. 
 
 Wise, Henry A. Admirable expose of Woodbnry's 
 misconduct by 133 ; votes against Polk's pet banks, 134. 
 
 Wiswall. 'Commodore.' 1.5,5, 156, 160, 184. 
 
 Wood, Bradford R. Remarks on war, 270. 
 
 Woodbury, Levi. T'nfm congress to cabt. 101; on 
 bank sus|)ensions 124 ; shameful neglect of ini|H)rtnnt 
 duties by 133 ; agt. sub-treasury 141 ; sureties t'n fm 
 Hoyt 194. 
 
 Woodworth, John. Tompkins's casting vote ngst. S8 ; 
 appointed a supreme c't judge 54 ; Butler on 167; in ct. 
 of errors 193. 
 
 Worth, Gorhiiin A. 85: Butler on ir>5 ; 192. 
 
 Wright, SiLjis. Anti-Renters and 14; he endorses 
 Butler 41; voted in senate to drive Clinton from the 
 canal board .53 ; and with the iiHinortal 17, 57 ; to kevp 
 
 Walworth, Reubeti H. Applies for a Plattsburgh , power far from the People 57 ; bank votes by 87 ; praises 
 bank charter 31. !»cti<m on weak .-i.ifety fund banks 90, ' safety fund 93; vote fur .Stevenson [principle involved] 
 his broken bank receivers 04, hi;- bushel basket 170. 98 ; on the (let banks 120 ; on V. S. B'k. 121 ; for and 
 
 War. Conventions prevent .'!, opinions on 4, 1;)6. u?t. sub-tie.i^nry and pets 139, 140; divides ' the spoils' 
 
 War of 1812. Duane on 4, Van Uuren and Clinton's | $2100 to J. Viin Buren for assiatiiis at four trials 248 ; 
 ponduct in 41 to tj, closing sceni'S in 208 to 270, in Ca- 1 old iund co. 18,15, 149; to siieak strongly for Butler, in 
 nada2S3to 285. senate 171 ; Cutting on electing 182; pledge 189 ; note 
 
 War with England. Brownson on 141, would stop I »bt. 197 ; poliiicnl letters by 201 to 204 ; against betting 
 reform there 266, signs of 267, the soliool of experience * 205 ; 208; 213; Uennett and 221; instructs Hoyt and 
 208 to 270, penaltie.'! of 270, iVIoore on 289. 246 ; Godwin on 2J1 ; Potter and 254 ; Hoyt and 259 ; 
 
 Ward, General Aaron. Votes aid tn Polish exiles 131, 'his Texas face 2Si ; on slavery 301 ; 2 terms and 302 ; 
 ■ ■ ■ '"" on law 303; on convention 305. 
 
 great eleotioneerer 2;W, 23i), a place wanted '2.39. 
 
 Ward, General Jasper. Votes to remove Clinton 
 from Canal Board— takes leave of seiinte himself to save 
 expulsion 53, one of the immortjil 17, .57 ; votes of 87. 
 
 Wat'iington county factions. Marcy on 237. 
 
 Washington, George, (hi slavery 271-5. 
 
 Washington and Waurkn Bank. How ohartered 
 37, 38, used by Butler, Hoyt and Barker as a means of 
 tteecing the country 39 to 44, Butler's I'll to 165. 
 
 Wasson, Geo. A. Wants to keep in Custom Ho. 220. 
 
 Waterviiet Bank. Broken 94, i;«). 
 
 Webb, J. W. On U. S. Justice 6, nn Hoyt and But- 
 ler 18, on Canibreleng 101, 102, on the Eiiton troubles 110, 
 142, J. V. B. swears to 148, Bennett on 221-2, Mackeniie 
 and 222, offloe-huntiiig with Noah 224-5, to Hoyt 230, 
 for V. B. and Jackson— would light fur V. 11— he paints 
 
 YouNo, Samuel. Votes (.'hcnango b'k charter ."Vl; 
 IS ; on tlie canals 53; his opinions, ib. ; on distriot elec- 
 tions 56; for Crawford r.od ngst. Jackson, ib. ; for Clay 
 in 1824, and popular election 57; aids Adams and cen- 
 sures Van Bujen 68 ; vote on city b'k, Buffalo 90 ; vio- 
 lent for the deposites 120; notice of 127 to 130; on 
 suffrage— for Clay— on banks 128 ; begs for bank stock 
 — nom's Marcy— for a two niillion bk. &c. 129 ; on bank 
 debts; ib.; for Van Buren 1,30; bank shares to 131 helps 
 Croswell 147 ; Butler lisd to go for 169 ; opposing regu- 
 lars 173; plan of banking by 170 ; on usury 177 ; 178; 
 Wright on 203; notice of 234 ; Godwin im 251 ; on black 
 troops 27 1 ; against slr.very in Mo, 278 ; on slavery 281 : 
 on Polk and Dallas 296. 
 
 Yulee (or Levy) David. To annex Cuba 106. 
 
 M 
 
 Dcdicalim 
 ventions 
 ant Efii 
 U. S. 
 
 Thls vo 
 fully in.scr 
 ne.xt, for 
 unanimity 
 ground hr 
 zealou.s in 
 upon popul 
 under the i 
 to have fai 
 acros of t\v 
 under any 
 like those ' 
 each, .strivi 
 object in vi 
 and their f 
 vince the o 
 regime of 
 
 *Tlie corresiv 
 tliey must be <li 
 be fiiuiul liutli I 
 iinworiliy coiifc 
 ciiii achieve, wl 
 tiict to amn^e t 
 wliat miiv be di 
 the |)e(iplo to a 
 iiiij iniirmirenir 
 that liiiinor and 
 I'ouduct alone n 
 ill tliB ii.,ti>in thi 
 ''leiir o|iiiiiiiH til 
 lowu>t .itiile of 
 »«l(liig a qnoxtic 
 iiiiU iiisoiisiblc ri 
 any extmorditnv 
 in list bo the fat< 
 
I 
 
 ir 232, hio card, ib., on 
 B letters 236, Ritchie's 
 C. W. Lawrence 247, 
 
 s for givinj; office to 
 n U. S bank 92, votu 
 ige 101, on slave trade 
 1, on Canada 284. 
 U's stronghold 146-7, 
 ^'g. 308. 
 
 Ga. 296. 
 
 >n 238. Mirov on 237. 
 06, Pitcher upset 207. 
 ity bank, Buffalo 90, 
 Sandford for 226 to 
 , &c. 213-4, on organ- 
 
 wl Clinton from tha 
 ns 57, 169, 189, notice 
 
 e deposits to the pets 
 15. 
 
 S. bank. Why? 171. 
 against Folk's pet 
 
 lecutlvc corruption by 
 
 art of, Bgst Polk's pets 
 
 issembly against the 
 
 ill. b'k. 2a ; 44 ; a can- 
 
 Itevenson 98 ; and for 
 
 p. 30, 77, 88, 114; 
 Their simple plan to 
 lopoly 150. 
 
 3i).se of Woodbury's 
 'oik's pet bankn, 134. 
 • 160, 184. 
 war, 270. 
 rcs8 U> cnlit. 101 ; on 
 neplect of Iniiwrtunt 
 141 ; sureties t'n fm 
 
 casting vote nfst. S8 ; 
 Butler on 167; in ct. 
 
 on 166; 192. 
 
 ind 14; he endorses 
 
 ive Clinton from tho 
 
 nortal 17, 57 ; to kotp 
 
 votes by 87 ; praises 
 
 fprinfliple Involved] 
 
 ■. B'k. 121 ; for and 
 
 divliles ' the spoils' 
 
 vftit four trials 248; 
 
 Dn^'ly for Butler, In 
 
 !2 ; pledge 189 ; note 
 
 2(14 ; aitainst l)ettinK 
 
 instructs Hoyt and 
 
 254 ; Hoyt and 259 ; 
 
 2 terms and 302 ; 
 
 ni^o b'k charter ."Vl ; 
 ib. ; on district elec- 
 nckson, ib. ; lor Ctay 
 ids Avlanis iind cen- 
 b'k, Buffalo 90 ; vio- 
 of 127 to 130; on 
 begs for bank stock 
 bk. &c. 129 ; on bank 
 k sbiircs t« 131 helps 
 109 ; opiioslng rdgu- 
 on usury 177 ; 178; 
 win on 251 ; on black 
 278 ; on slavery 281 ; 
 
 ;x Cuba 106. 
 
 THE LIFE AND TIMES 
 
 OF 
 
 * MARTIN VAN BUREN. 
 
 C II A P T E R I . 
 
 Drdication. The State Convention at Albany. Checks on Legislation. Con 
 ventions "prevent wars. Republics should be pacific. Cheap Postage an import, 
 ant Eduranonal measure. The adder's .itnne. Administration of Justice in the 
 U. S. 
 
 Thls volume, like it.s pveclecsssor, the Live.s of Butler and floyt, is respect- 
 fully in.sciibed to the Electors of the Convention, which is to assemhle in June 
 next, for the revision of the Constitution of the Stale of New York. The 
 unanimity with which that great measure has been supported at tlie polls, affords 
 ground ft)r good hope that the delegates about to be elected will he united and 
 zealous in their endeavours for perfecting those cherished Institutions, formed 
 upon popular integrity and intelligence, which the array of facts in the.se pages, 
 under the title of the Life and Times of Martin Van Buren, too clearly proves 
 to have failed, in many respects,* to .secure to tho pcoplo the practical ad\ant- 
 ages of those equal civil and religious rights, which tiiey nominally confer, 
 under any administration. The Constitution of l^'il, was, in soiric respects, 
 like those which failed in France, the v.-ork of factioii.s ; some of the leaders in 
 each, .striving so to remodel the instrument us would best conduce to tiie great 
 object in view, the attainment of power and its many advantages by themselves 
 and their followers ; but I trust that it is yet reserved to the new world to con- 
 vince the old, that men can continue peaceably and happily to subsist under the 
 regime of rational liberty and legal equality, with equal and e.xalted justice 
 
 *The correspondence of Edmund Rnrkc, lately pulilislicd, sliows rvlint he tlioiiirbt of popnliir mnvcmLMitj, bow 
 (iiey must be ilirected, and wliiit would be the fata of the poopli^ nf Enx'land, Iri'liiiiil and Scuthind, if ii<i men could 
 be found liolli ubic und willing tu bear tho heat iinil linrihiS iif the day. 'flif hlitory <jf .Mr. Vnn llurcn and Ins 
 unworthy confcderntns will show, what sordid iioltUhni!«s ami an ninliitinn witliunt patriotisni and lovr; df virtue, 
 ciiii uriiieve, when united with plautihie manner:!, i;reiit i pr»!vcr»iice. skill in the uianaKcnienl of parties, and tlio 
 lad to umnse lliern with Mn is!lnc^. .Mr llnrkn ivishis to oimntoriict this aclivitv of n (vw fur e\il hy showing 
 wlmt miiv be done by the uniioi of (.'rent minds fitr the advani'ement id" the !;i"ii('nil i'mid. lie sty;* ; — " 'I'o lirinjf 
 thu jKiopIo to a leL'biijr, to such a feuiinjr. I motin, ati tend< to nuieudniciit or aiii'i.Ltinn of sylcni, there must be pliin 
 and luanniunieiit. A" dirvnlinn nf piildic linun)r anil opinion ninst iiri:.'lnalp in :i f>w. IV'rh;ips a ^.Miiid ileal of 
 that iliiaior and opinion innil Im owinc to such dircctlnn. invents supply inritLTiiils : tinirs fiirniih ilinpositions ; bi|t 
 I'ondiict ahinc can iirin^ tliDni to hear to any Ubeliil purpose. I iievTr yet knew an inslaiicc nf any itinera! leniper 
 in the n,,tiim that ini^ht not hiivc been tran?'! to snnie piirtii'iilar por.-oiis. If thiiiL's are ht) tn tlicnmlves, it is inv 
 r'lear o|iiiiiiMi that a nation iniiy slide down fiiir nod lofily from the liiehust point of "rnndeur nnd pros|irrity lo the 
 lowc'r.1 iitati? of linhecility and nii'annor.H, without nny unn'n nnrkiiij a pariiciihir in'rnul in this dei-.lensi.in, witlioilt 
 asliinj a i|ue«tion alionl it, or in tlie least s|i«cuhitins on any nf tho innniti'TttldM arts which \\nyf stoli-n ii^ this siletit 
 and insonsihlc revolution. Kvery event so prennpc's the snliseqnenl. that when it arrives it pridmreii nu surprise nor 
 any extrimrdinary nlaroi. I am ccrtiiin that if pains, grout ami imuirdiate Mains, arc nut talicn to pr;'»iMt ll, siirli 
 miitt bo the fate uf thi^ (country." 
 
 '^:'J\ 
 
 m 
 
 
 * I 
 
 ■1 
 
t 
 
 ■: A 
 
 i I 
 
 2 IS IT NOT EASrfcR TO CHOOSE GOOD MEASUItES THAN GOOD MEN ? 
 
 dispensed to all. " Tiie rational foundation of all government — the origin of 
 a right to govern and a correlative duty to obey — is neither original contract, 
 proprietary right, nor prescription — it is expediency — the general benefit of the 
 community." 
 
 I hear the people of the United States spoken of, by judges, legislators, ex- 
 ecutivef, and authors, by those in, and those in expectation of ofFico, as being 
 wise, c nlightened, and capable of acting for their own interests ; and as they 
 are empowered to choose presidents, governors, congressmen, senators, sherilfs, 
 &c., their ability to discriminate, to refuse the evil and choose the good, is con- 
 ceded. If, then, brother electors, you are capable of choosing the best rwn, 
 how much more so the best measures ! Would it not be well worth the enquiry, 
 whether laws of a general chai'acter, and aflecting every body, ought not to be 
 subjected to the votes of the constituencies before they take effect ? Would 
 not that be a more republican check on such wholesale wickedness as the life 
 of Van Buren discloses in legislative halls ? The veto of a .Tackson, a Tyler, 
 or a Van Buren, may be right — so may that of a Bouck, a Murcy, a Porter, a 
 Throop, or a Wright — but is it not anti-republican ? The governor of this 
 state, and the president of the United States have monarchical power — they can 
 resist — veto — and often do resist the will of the community as expressed by a 
 majority. 
 
 In the oligarchy of Venice, the doge was only a member of a council — he 
 could not oppose the will of the majority; but under the monarchical part of 
 our system, the governor or president, surrounded l)y power, patronage and place, 
 in aid of influencing a re-election . r choice of succession, can oppose a measure 
 which the people may require — this opposition cannot be got rid of by the vote 
 of a majority of their representatives — it can only be overcome by a vote of 
 two to one, while the immense patronage of the courts of Washington or Albany, 
 and often of both of them united for one object, is available to prevent that vote. 
 
 I have been a close observer of the workings of legislative bodies — was long 
 an active member — and have ever been a warm admirer of the representative 
 system. To instruct the delegate, where the law is passed without the veto 
 power of those bound to obey it, is perhaps essential, but the check is imperfect 
 and inefficient. I'o send a repiesentative to hear and argue and reason and 
 then make up his mind, and while doing this to instruct him to vote and argue 
 in this way, or that ; to oblige him o reason and vote, it may be against the 
 dictates of his judgment and conscience ; to place the determination ahead of 
 the discussion ; to have one set of men who do not hear the arguments, decide, 
 tho' hundreds of miles distant, that which another set of men have been speci- 
 ally appointed to enquire into and conclude upon, after full investigation, is 
 perhaps not the best way to arrive at the truth. 
 
 If you can select a governor, brother electors, arc you not also capable of 
 judging of the fitness of a bill agreed upon by your representatives, whether it 
 is for the public interest that it should become a law ? A few men may be, 
 and as these pages will show, often have been corrupted, and have deeply 
 wounded your feelings and trampled on your rights. The great body of the 
 people are manly, pure, honest, sincere, and have but one interest — the public 
 welfare. Consider, then, my friends, whether the veto power in legislation 
 would not be safer in your hands than in those of any president or governor 
 whom the efforts of party leaders, in times of excitement, may elevate to power. 
 I do not say it would be, but surely this is the time for giving to the question a 
 careful consideration. Such a change would effectually check hasty and im- 
 provident legislation — there would be no need to tie the citizens of each county 
 down to the choice of representatives residing in the same county as themselves 
 —that question might be safely left to their own discretion. Neither need they 
 
 J.v 
 
D MEN 
 
 CONVENTIONS 01 THE WISE AND GOOD MAY AVERT WARS. 
 
 —the origin of 
 ginal contract, 
 \ benefit of the 
 
 legislators, ex- 
 tfhce, as being 
 
 ; and as they 
 lators, shoriifs, 
 le gooJ, is con- 
 
 the best rm^n, 
 •thihe enquiry, 
 ought not to be 
 tlect ? Would 
 ness as the life 
 ikson, a Tyler, 
 cy, a Porter, a 
 3vernor of this 
 »wer — they can 
 f>xpressed by a 
 
 a council — he 
 rchical part of 
 iiage and place, 
 pose a measure 
 I of by the vote 
 le by a vote of 
 kon or Albany, 
 J vent that vote, 
 dies — was long 
 
 representative 
 ithout the veto 
 ck is imperfect 
 nd reason and 
 vote and argue 
 
 be against the 
 lation ahead of 
 Liments, decide, 
 Lve been speci- 
 nvestigation, is 
 
 ilso capable of 
 ves, whether it 
 
 men may be, 
 d have deeply 
 jat body of the 
 est — the public 
 r in legislation 
 nt or governor 
 evate to power. 
 ) the question a 
 
 hasty and im- 
 
 of each county 
 
 y as themselves 
 
 jither need they 
 
 to be restricted from choosing an honest minister of the gospel.* Ac(iuaintance 
 with the law of God is as safe a qualilication for a republican legislator as an 
 intimacy with R. H. Morris's unknown feudal usages practised at miJnight on 
 Pearce's household a few weeks before the defeat of Martin Van Buren, in the 
 fall of 1840. The idea of submitting questions as to measures or rules of ac- 
 tion, to the opinion of the people in their localities, is not new, but has been of- 
 ten acted on. De Witt Clinton, Chancellor Kent, and the other members of the 
 Council of Revision, in 1821, wished the amendments to the constitution that 
 might be made in Convention, to be submitted, one by one, separately, to the 
 people — and they were right. 
 
 I look to national and state conventions, elected by an awakened people, as 
 the best means of averting wars. Once I would have risked war to free Cano- 
 ,Ja — now I would not risk it to gain territory anywhere. When in Canada, I 
 had less time for study and reflection thai: within the last fijur years ; and al- 
 tho' ! dont like the cowardice that skulks in a corner, or drojis on its knees, nor 
 a svsteni that aims at governing by dollars and lies, to which war is preferable, 
 for tiiere, in *he groans of expiring humanity, man may learn to speak a natu- 
 ral and true language ; yet would i do much to avoid bloodshed. Is not a duel 
 a national war in miniature ? Did Aaron Burr's superior skill and practice in 
 firing at a mark, by means of which he murdered (Jeneral Hamilton, prove 
 lliat he was right in sending tlie challenge, or that in the matter in dispute he 
 had justice on his side ? Surely not. And do not national wars, after ruining, 
 killiiig, maiming, and butchering vast multitudes on both sides, usually termi- 
 nate in favor of the Aaron Burr like power which is strongest and most skilful, 
 or involve other nations in the strugjrle, and not seldom bolster up a bad cause, 
 at the expense of the quiet of the world ? Well said Horace Walpole, " I had 
 rather be a worm tiian a vulture." 
 
 " If I could avoid, by any sacrifice whatever, (said the Duke of Wellington on a 
 memorable occasion,) even one month of civil war in the country to which 1 was 
 attached, 1 would sacrifice my life in order to do it. I say that there is noth- 
 ing which destroys property and prosperity, and demoralizes character, to the 
 degree that civil war does; by it the hand of man is raised against his neigh- 
 bor, against his brother and against his father ; servant betrays master, and the 
 whole scene ends in confusion and disorder." And what would a war between 
 two pe.oples speaking one language, having one common origin, believing in 
 one Go(l, professing the same ciiristianity, be, if not a civil war ? How are tlie 
 hundred millions of happy, benevolent, joyous creatures who will soon fill this 
 country to be held together umler the flag of the free '? Only by acting justly, 
 honestly and faithfully towards each other, and towards the world, and " to 
 brutes resigning carnage." 
 
 " We were the proprietors of this paper sometime before the conunencement 
 of the war of 1812, and were the advocates of that war, [say Gales andSeaton, 
 in the National Intelligencer,] believing its declaration and prosecution neces- 
 sary. VVe were young at the time, it is true." Now they are old, they present 
 us with a picture of slaughter and devastation from which the mind recoils with 
 horror. " At the conclusion of a ten years' war, how are we recompensed for the 
 " death of multitudes and the expense of millions but by contemplating the sudden 
 " glories of paymasters and agents, contractors and commissaries, whose equi- 
 " pages shine like meteors, and whose palaces rise like exhalations V After 
 Napoleon's glorious victory at Austerlitz, Baron Larry, the emperor's friend 
 and surgeon, cut off 1400 human limbs, and then the knife fell from his ex- 
 hausted hands. France had made Napoleon dictator — after the piece of Amiens, 
 the money, the armies, the press, and the people were in his hands. He hadsworn 
 
 * 1 hftve no desire tu ice pnstora of nongrt^gntiona lent to l«gi«laturei. 
 
 I 
 
 ■■■, V'i 
 
 ,•'•.(: 
 
 ;■:!■•■■ 
 
 Jr. 
 
 I'vl 
 
WAR OF 1812. CHEAP POSTAGE. WATERLOO. 
 
 I 1 
 
 to be true to, and defend a republic, yet heemployod all his influence to obtain 
 the absolute and lieroditary property of a power of which he had received but the 
 temporary administration. No journalist dared to dispute his will — he annexed 
 the Texas, the Canada, the Orcp;on, and the Mexico,* Cuba and California of 
 Europe to his country — flirgot right in the power of his might, and where is he, 
 and where is his empire? Perhaps the Code Napoleon, soon, I trust, to be 
 surpassed in utility by the codes civil, penal, and of procedure, in N. Y., is 
 the proudest, best, and most enduring monument of his name. 
 
 Who is there that now fails to acknowledge the disinterestedness, patriotism, 
 stern uemocracy, ana accuraie means of knowledge possessed oy Vyoi. Win. 
 Duane, the frieml of .Ttfiersnn ? Hear his account of the war of 1^*12 — I quote 
 the Aurora of August 17, 1810. 
 
 "The last war may he fairly considered, as it regards every thing — but 
 the patience, hardihood and valor, of the line and the militia — one of the worst 
 conducted, the vwst imbecile, inconsistent, and confused in its designs, that the 
 world oversaw. The system of loans was a most villainous systematic cheat, 
 for which evcrij mau who was concerned, ought to be recorded in a register of 
 infamy. Imposture, perhaps, never ran such an uninterrupted career as for 
 seven years past in the general government and that of Pennsylvania." 
 
 I might have begun my narrative of Van Buren's Life and Times, without 
 another word of introduction. Every leaf shows that such a work is required. 
 But there are some who say that a part of my materials were improperly ob- 
 tained — that I have published papers which ought to have been kept secret — 
 violated confidence reposed in me — done things not warranted by law, custom 
 and the proper usages of society. Of those who say this, there may be those 
 who, not knowing the whole truth, do me great injustice, as there undoubtedly 
 are others who, shutting their eyes against every explanation, desire to cover 
 me with obloquy, however unmerited. To the former of these two classes, 1 
 here present that explanation which, in my former volume or pamphlet, would 
 have been partial and premature. 
 
 One of the best educational improvements of the age, in the difiusion of a 
 cheap literature, is not overlooked when this hook is presented in the lightest 
 and cheapest form, to be circulated thro' the Union at small expence, by mail 
 and private conveyance, as containing truths to the people of deep and lasting 
 import. Honor to those bold and manly spirits in Congress who stood up for 
 cheap postage, the spread of useful knowledge, the instruction of the millions! 
 We pay vast sums yearly for armies and navies, fortifications and the imple- 
 ments of bloodshed. Blessed be the day, see it who may, in which the diffu- 
 sion of intelligence, with a spirit of mutual forbearance and good will, strength- 
 ened by the wants of each rendering them dependant on all, shall unite man- 
 kind in the bonds of universal brotherhood. Cheap postage will survive, but 
 wars shall cease — the world will become " the United States," America aye 
 foremost in the glorious work ; the various climates, soils, products and diversi- 
 
 *VVoiild not the piiriUciition of of our ..'lorious system by convGtitions and wise refotms, be a surer rond to that 
 imtioiml groiitiiess which we seek, than il-e road to buttle? Nations, like individuals, Kct excited, abandon ii 
 (innreriil and prosperous conunerrc, and exp'nd on war the millions wliinh, if laid ou*. on rail rniids and canal:., 
 would have been an unspvakaldu blessing. Jusu hearken fur a uionient to Dr. Durben of tlie methodist church, or 
 the battle of Waterloo: 
 
 "The People, on both sides tlionght theniKtIves llj.'hting for liberty ; the French, to retain it under a rule of their 
 own choice ; the nscreaate masses of the allies, to dethrone the man whom they considered the only barrier to 
 constitutional freedom in liurope. Ilut how unfortunate the position lield by Kngland on that c.ny. The freemen 
 of Kngland fonjfbt to niaiiilain the dosjiotisms of the contment — to deprive a brave people of the free choice of their 
 rulers — to restore the represents ive ol a worn out dynasty to a throne for which he was unfit, and from which he 
 bud fled before the Man of the People. The Protestants of England fought to recover the powers of the Po|)e, to 
 brinjr back the sway of the .lesiiits. But if the musses were deceived, thn leaders were not. The allied sovereign* 
 and the aristocracy of England know for what they were fighting. They hojied the war of principles would end 
 with the second overthrow of Napoleon. They conquered. Well might Robert Hall grieve when lie heard of the 
 victor / which his countrymen and their allies gained at Waterloo, and lay, "Tliat hullle and it« result* seemed to 
 me to put back the clvck of the world sit dcgreei." 
 
PROFANE LETTERS. THE ADDER'S STONE. 
 
 lence to obtain 
 jceived but the 
 I — be annexed 
 d California of 
 d where is he, 
 I trust, to be 
 ^ in N. Y., is 
 
 ?ss, patriotism, 
 
 oy ooi. wni. 
 
 Iril'i — I quote 
 
 ry thing — but 
 le of the worst 
 •signs, that the 
 itematic cheat, 
 in a register of 
 
 career as for 
 k'ania."' 
 
 rimos, without 
 rlv is required, 
 improperly ob- 
 
 kept secret — 
 )y law, custom 
 ! may bo those 
 •e undoubtedly 
 desire to cover 
 
 two classes, 1 
 
 mphlet, would 
 
 diffusion of a 
 n the lightest 
 pence, by mail 
 ep and lasting 
 10 stood up for 
 the millions! 
 md the imple- 
 hich the diffu- 
 will, strength- 
 all unite man- 
 1 survive, but 
 America aye 
 cts and diversi- 
 
 !t surer rond to that 
 •t excited, :il)aniloii u 
 nil rniids nnil cannlE., 
 methodist church, or 
 
 under a rule of their 
 d the only hiirrier to 
 t (.ny. The frermen 
 i(j iVuo choice of their 
 , iind from which he 
 wcr» of the Voy*. to 
 i'lie allied sovereigns 
 principle! would end 
 when he heard of th« 
 its result* seemed to 
 
 fied seasons, cacli contributing their part of the means of comfort, content and 
 felicity to a renovated millenial world, in which " the harsh dull drum shall 
 cease, and man be happy yet." 
 
 Like the won! of God, against which it has been wickedly objected that there 
 are many indcct-nt relations in it, there are none in tliisbook tliathavc not been 
 necessary for their exposure and the execration of wickedness; and by their 
 merited punishinent in the contempt and indignation of the public, a due cor- 
 rection will be administered, 0^ likk the kfx'orus of the divine WARNiXfiS, 
 {Kir OK JUDGMENTS A(;AIXsT SINNERS, EVEH CONNECTED WITH THE 
 (V^ AC;C01INT OF TIIEIU SINS. The sun is not to be blamed as the au- 
 Tiior 01 mat sioiicii wmcii arises wiien iitj siiines upuii puliiu Sub^striuCCo. 'L'\\? 
 surgeon is forgiven the wounds of a necessary amputation. The sickness from 
 medicines is a happy token of returning health. 
 
 If tliere is a sense of real religion remaining with any one among those that 
 are here exposed, amiiist the profession that has been made by some, public in- 
 V. dignafion, the la'.v of God, call for sackcloth and ashes, repentance and restitu- 
 
 I tution. Let such a penitent as Benjamin F. Butler imitate Zaccheus the 
 
 publican, the patron saint of custom-house oHicers, and say " Behold Lord, the 
 half of iny goods [ give unto the poor; and if I have taken any thing from any 
 man by false ficcusation, 1 restore him fourfold!"' 
 jjs The greatest of all modern political writers has wittily observed, with respect 
 
 to an important measure brouglit into the Brilisii Parliament by tlie present head 
 of tlie ministry of that nation, that, as the poison of the serpent is said to be 
 counteracted by a stone tliat grows in its head, so the corruptions of that gov- 
 ernment have received a salutary check and shall eventually be destroyed by 
 the operation of that bill which compelled the Bank of England to return to 
 specie payments-, the work of one whose family and liimself have risen into 
 power and consequence by the operation of the fictitious paper-money system of 
 ISlvi, of which he lias been the unconscious instrument of destruction, in the 
 hope, as some say, of giving it strength. 
 
 The sagacious Scots Iiavc gone yet a little further in their ideas concerning 
 the couu'erautiou of poisons. It is a traditional belief among tliem, that, at 
 certain times, all the adders of the moors, assemble to form, from their slime, 
 an incrustation called an '-adder's stone," which receives its crowning beauty 
 from the king of the adders passing thi'ough it and leaving on it tlie trace of all 
 his shining glories. Happy is the shepherd, that at a safe distance beholding 
 the operation, waits till all is finished, and then courageously steps in and 
 secures the prize. He is henceforth held in the highest respect, as possessing 
 an iafiiUible antidote against a deadly poison. But he does not gain the prize 
 without considerable risk, being pursued by all the venomous i)rood, and obliged 
 .0 seek his safety in fligiit. If lie does not throw some one of his garments to the 
 adders, to occupy their attention and divert their rage, they cease not their pur- 
 suit till they recover their lost treas 're, or obtain the body of their plunderer. 
 
 Thro' zeal for social and political reform and improvement, I have been in- 
 volved for tlie last eight yeai's, in difllculties too well known to need recapitula- 
 tion — but would ratlier endure adversity than enjoy the unmerited honors which 
 traitors to libsrty may now be wearing. During an involuntary exile, I made 
 this land my residence, and being acquainted in a good degree with its early 
 history and the excelbnice of its political institutions, it grieved mn to find that 
 complaints not less general tlian just and true, had been made against their ad- 
 ministration. That to whicli my attention was turned when a s'ranger, could 
 not fail still to attract it, according to my love of freedom and desire to promote 
 the coiTimon welfare, when I became a citizen. When thiss-^cond book, as the 
 fruit of my labors, is before the public, it will be acknowledged that I have not 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 ■ (.'I 
 
/RE TIIR FOUNTAINS OP JTTSTICK TVfW.I 
 
 been ahogetlier unsuccessful in my attempts to expose abuses and the authors, 
 in the hope that the people's representatives in Convention will discover and ap- 
 ply a remedy. While in the employment of the state in the Custom House of 
 New York, I obtained possession in a way the most honorable, as all must ac- 
 knowledjje, with pure motives, and by means the most innocent, of that which, I 
 trust, will prove an adder's stone. 
 
 But the serpents that were employed in its formatioii, with mure pertinacity 
 than the adders of my native moors, have not been content with thi^ cloak that 
 I threw to them, the necessary coverlnc; of a former work. It was to bo expect- 
 ed that the whole brood would hiss and raj^e, as th<'y had not ra<^ed aitd In'ssed 
 for many a day before ; yet I scarcely ihouifht that one of them would have 
 ventured to follow me, even into the sanctuary of American jusliee, the high 
 court of equity — but, from some recent decisions there, many seem to expect 
 that I shall be given up to the chilling, slimy folds of the reptile tril)e, to share 
 the fateof anotherLaoc()()ii, who was strangled before the altar by serpents, Avbih; 
 warning the Trojans against the wiles of the Greeks. 
 
 Electors of Delegates to a free Convention, trie proceedings of which may 
 deeply affect the welfare of the world, what an important trust yours is ! 'J'hat 
 the fountains of justice are corrupted, that reform is wanted, all admit. " It is 
 time (says the Courier and Enquirer) for the community to take this matter in 
 hand." " .Tudging from the history of various parts of the country for some 
 years past (continues Col. Webb) it is our opinion that with Jj-iO, ()()() a man 
 might commit any half do/cn crimes that can be named, short of nun'der, and 
 even that, if ho happen 1o have pretty influential friends, atid to be within reach 
 of pretty convenient judges." " True, every word of it, (says the Herald.) 
 The list of criminals who have escaped by means of wealth and indnencedur- 
 ing the last six years, woidd astonisii every body. What has beeouie of the 
 Virginia professor ? Where is Levis the forger? Where is l)al)ney ? Robin- 
 son, .Tewell, White, all escaped." " Men who are opposed to the baidcing in- 
 terest (says O'SuUivan, the new made Regent of the University,) majf iiide(>d be 
 elected to congress, or to a state legislature, but seldom without a severe strug- 
 gle ; and, after they are elected, they are exposed to dangers of corruption, as 
 great as any the members of the British Parliament were exposed to in tiie days 
 of Sir Robert Walpole. In the courts of .tlstice they have perhaps a more de- 
 cided ascendancy than in the legislative halls ; for most of the judges are mem- 
 bers of this privileged order ; and the governors of many states are mere in- 
 struments for the promotion of their purposes." The Globe, while Van Buren's 
 organ, spake of "judges, who in too many instances, show tliat the boasted in- 
 dependence of the judiciary is only an independence of common sense and com- 
 mon justice." Polly Bodine was accused of a murder the most foul — her friends 
 were wealthy — she had a first trial and a second — a third was set on foot, and 
 because some judge or other had " laid down a rule in Burr's case," 40 years 
 since, 6000 tradesmen were taken from their avocations, a heavy expense en- 
 tailed on the county of N. Y., and the case put off by Judge Eihnonds, thus 
 wearying out witnesses and mocking at right, on the plea that among these 6,000 
 men, twelve could not be found who were not unduly biased and unfit to try the 
 cause upon their oaths ! Is it not time that scenes like this, discreditable to the 
 age and to our institutions, should cease ? If the law is a science, it is capable 
 of being scientifically and practically arranged ; and if it is not, the freedom of 
 our institutions is an idle dream. Corrupt the fountains of justice to any peo- 
 ple, and what need they c.ire for forms of Government ? 
 
 It is threescore years sir ce Jefferson wrote " The times will alter — our rulers 
 will become corrupt — our people careless. The time for fixing every essential 
 right on a legal basis, is while ourrulers are honest and ourselves united. From 
 
:' '' 'I 
 
 tlie aiithors, 
 5vrran(l ap- 
 m House of 
 all must ac- 
 lial which, I 
 
 > porliiKicity 
 V c'lnalv liial 
 Id bo cxprcl- 
 tl and hissed 
 would iiavo 
 PC, tho hi^h 
 ■m to ('X)ifct 
 riiic, to sharo 
 rpoiils, wliihf 
 
 may 
 ^ ' Tiiat 
 
 which 
 rs is ! 
 hnit. " !i is 
 lis nialtor in 
 trv for somn 
 ),(){){) a mail 
 uuirdev, and 
 within roacdi 
 tho II(M-ald.) 
 illuoncednr- 
 conic of tho 
 loy ? Ilohin- 
 
 hankinrr in- 
 nji indeed ho 
 sovero strup- 
 orriiption, as 
 n in tho days 
 IS a more de- 
 rcs arc mem- 
 iro more in- 
 Van Bnren's 
 e boasted in- 
 nse and com- 
 •hcr friends 
 , on foot, and 
 ;, ' 40 years 
 
 expense en. 
 hnonds, thus 
 rr these 6,000 
 nfittotrythe 
 
 li table to the 
 
 it is capable 
 le freedom of 
 ;e to any p^o- 
 
 [•■ 
 
 our rulers 
 'ory essential 
 liled. From 
 
 THE CONVENTION HAS A CHEAT WORK REFOnK IT. 7 
 
 the close of this (the old) war we shall be f^oinj^ down hill. It will not bo ne- 
 cessary to resort every moment to the people for support — they will be forgotten, 
 therefore, and their ritjhts disregarded." Is it not so now ? The woe, wretch- 
 edness, insolvencv, pwerty, pain and anguish, of hundreds of thousands of our 
 fellow citizens and their families, whom the gambling spirit of the ago has ruin- 
 ed within the last seven years, is a warning voice, telling the democracy to como 
 to the rescue of all that is valuable in their lovf^d institutions. Far sj)read must 
 be that demoiali/ation which in a land of abundant natural resources could ex- 
 hibit in one city and district, one hundred and twenty millions of dollars, the 
 delits of insolvents and biml.upts, blotted out as it wore with a sponge. This 
 volume describes Van Huron and his band, the great first cause of this accuuui- 
 lated miserv — it appeals to facts — it unveils the past. To your wisdom and 
 unanimity it is that the generous and the just must look for a remedy, in the coun- 
 cils of the delegates of a moral, virtuous and enlightened commimity. 
 
 Could the people of N. Y. state have read the insulting commentaries of the 
 admirers of I'luropean systems on the Somers tragedy, and the unusual features 
 developed in the evidence given heft .a a court martial, in presence of which a 
 captain of the U. S. Navy, hesitated not to avow, that when about to launch 
 three of his fellow men into eternity without that trial of their al lodged oflences 
 which our laws seem to guaranty, he had told one of them "that for those who 
 had money and friends in America there was no punishment for the worst of 
 crimes " — could they have seen the deep and severe regret everywhere display- 
 ed by tho friends of progress abroad, while perusing details which indicated a 
 condition of society less favorable than they iiad fondly hoped could exist here, 
 they would rejoice at witnessing, as they have, the vast majority who united to 
 rebuke Van Burcni's douhls by calling together the convention of 1840. That 
 body will, I trust, lay its heavy hand on the knaves mentioned by Jefierson, who 
 "set out with stealing tho people's good opinion, and then steal from them tho 
 right of withdrawing it, hy contriving laws and associafions against tho power of 
 the peo|)lo themselves." 
 
 The letters of Van Buren, father and son — of Butler, husband and wife^-of 
 the Livingstons, Tloyts, Aliens, Lawrence, Canibreleng and many others, cannot 
 fail to be reail with profit. I would fain hope they may prove an adder's stone 
 in this community, aiding somewhat in preventing the baneful influence of Van 
 Burenism from continuing to overshadow the state and union, thro' its special 
 organization of all that is cunning, pharasaical, greedy and heartless in tiiig 
 Republic. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Matlhew Henry and Samuel Young on the duty of citizens and christians in dis- 
 covering secret wickedness. The author's position. Robert Tyler. Governor 
 Vail Ness. The Van Bnren, Hoyt and Butler Correspondence. Proceedings 
 about it. Steps taken by Messrs. Van Ness, Bogardus, GoJdson, Coryell and 
 others. Copies shown to the President of the U. S. and Secretary Walker. 
 Action of the Government. Va7i Ness loses, Coddington misses, and Lawrence 
 gains a Lucrative Office. Polk's Bank Committee of 1834. Recorder Mor- 
 ris on the Bench and in the Post Office. Secretary Forward and the 17 Mea. 
 surers. Ingham Coryell persecuted for daring to he honest. Disreputable con- 
 duct of S. P. Goldson. 
 
 Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Bible is a work of sterling merit — full 
 of interesting and useful information, and of fine thoughts clothed in language 
 which 1ms the eloquence of simplicity and truth to recommend it. 
 
 *'urt 
 
 :hv 
 
 , J ,• 
 
 '.'■ V.' '• i 
 ,;i -I' ■ 
 
I, 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 9 SAMTTEL yOtrVfl AND MATTTtEW HENRY ON SECRET WirKEnVESS. 
 
 Tn tlie r)9th cliaptnr and 4th verse of Isaiah, \vr find tho text — " None callcth 
 for justice, nor any pleadeth for truth" — and Mr. Henry has madf an rxcpllent 
 
 ^nt 
 
 md so applicable to the 
 
 I have takr 
 
 th Mr. Van Ri 
 
 comr 
 
 and his associates in puniic lire, tnro' mis ana lormer puniicafions, that I copy 
 
 it, as follows: 
 
 " No methods are taken to redress jrrievanccs and reform ahuf.es ; xont calls 
 " FOR jrsTicE, none complains of tho violations of tho sacred law-- of justice, nor 
 "seeks to ri^'hf those that suffer wronj^or to {ret the la"' 'I in execution against 
 "vice and profaneness, and those lewd practic: n are the shame, and 
 
 " threaten to be the bane of the nation. When jusi ' is not done, there is blame 
 "to be laid not only upon the majjistrates iiiai, should administer justice, ntrr 
 "upov THR PP^OPIiP: THAT SHOIU.U CALL KOK IT: HKIVAll-J 
 "PERSOI^S OIiaHT TO CONTRIBUTK TO THE PUBLIC (JOOD BY 
 "DISCOVERING SECRET WICKEDNESS AND GIVING THOSE AN 
 "OPPORTUNITY TO PUNISH IT THAT HAVE IT IN THE POWER 
 "OF THEIR HANDS; hut it is ill with a Slate lohcn princra rule ill, and 
 " the people love to hair it so. Truth is opposed, and there is not any that pleads 
 " for it, 7iot any that has the conscience and coiiraije to appear in defrnrr of an 
 ''honest cause, and confront a prosperous fraud and wrona;.'' 
 
 My lives of Hoyt and Butler, had, I believe, an immense circulation- -and I 
 find them referred to, now and then, in the Senate of N. Y. Yet is it not mor- 
 tifying to see how much more astonishment is there expressed that I should 
 have published such statements as are in that book, than that such state- 
 ments could be published? 
 
 Col. Samuel Young, in reply to a reference to my book, by Mr. Wright, 
 Feb. 4th, 1h46, spoke of it as "a book srrRREPTiTioiTsi.v obtained and suiiRi'PTi- 
 TiousLY printed, and which he (Wright) no*' thinks it honorable to quote from, 
 for the purpose of injuring sitch a man as Benj. F. Butler." Tho Colonel's 
 code of morals were not quite so mjch Butlerized in l82-'3. Ho had then no 
 desire to screen successful knavery and honor the delinquents. 
 
 During the discussion of the state road bill, that year, (I quote tho Alb'y D'y 
 Advertiser,) General Root censured the Canal Commissioners, and hinted that 
 the people'smoney had been squandered on their favorites. Col. Young replied, 
 that •' if the General knew of any dishonest conduct on the part of the Com- 
 missioners, and kept it a secret, HE WAS A TRAITOR TO THE PUBLIC 
 FOR NOT HAVING EXPOSED THEM TO THE WORLD." The Gen- 
 eral's rejoinder was very appropriate, but my object, in referring to these con- 
 versations now, is to show how anxious Samuel Young is in 1846, to uphold the 
 dishonest president of Jacob Barker's Sandy Hill bank, and to censure me for 
 having followed his excellent advice to Erastus Root in 182."). 
 
 I now proceed to show, that the book which has given so much uneasiness to 
 bad politicians, was neither .surreptitiously obtained nor surreptitiously printed. 
 The materials came into my hands, with the consent of Mr. Van Ness, Collec- 
 tor of the port of New York, Mr. Bogardus, his Assistant Collector, Mr. Gold- 
 son, his Keeper of the Records, Mr. Walker, Secretary of the Treasury, and 
 Mr. Polk, President of the United States. The importance of the subject will 
 justify me in publishing, at this stage of the proceedings, a clear and distinct nar- 
 rative of the main facts. 
 
 In I84i and 1H4;J I was actuary or agent for the corporation known as the 
 Mechanics' Institute, City Hall, New York, where my services received an un- 
 animous vote of thanks. I might have continued, with the approbation of all 
 parties, but resigned in the fall of 1843. Certain leading citizens of foreign 
 birth applied to Mr. Robert Tyler, son of the then President, to provide me with 
 a biluation in the custom l^ouse — this they did without »ny knowledge orsugges. 
 
 
 Being 
 
 open. 
 
■ -i 
 
 IVESS. 
 
 None calleth 
 ■> iin oxcpllont 
 r. Van Riircn 
 <, that I copy 
 
 ; NONH CALLS 
 
 if jiisiicc, nor 
 fiition a;:;ainsf 
 
 slianip, and 
 ihfrp is hlamo 
 r ju'^ticp, niTT 
 : HKIVAlhi 
 C (JOOD BY 
 THOSR AN 
 [IR POWER 
 .1 rule ill, and 
 ny that ploads 
 
 flrfrnrc of an 
 
 jlatinn--and I 
 
 1 is it not mor- 
 Ihut I should 
 
 It such state- 
 Mr. Wright, 
 and suisRrPTi- 
 to quotn from, 
 rhe Colonel's 
 had then no 
 
 Iho Alh'y D'y 
 tH hinfcil that 
 rounjT replied, 
 t of the C'om- 
 RK PUBLIC 
 " Tho Gen. 
 T to these con- 
 to uphold the 
 ensure mo for 
 
 uneasiness to 
 oiisly printed. 
 
 Ness, Collec- 
 tor, Mr. Gold- 
 Treasury, and 
 le subject will 
 id distinct nar- 
 
 known as the 
 oceiverl an un- 
 robation of all 
 '.ens of forcijin 
 fovide me with 
 :!dge orsuggeS' 
 
 CURTIS, TYLER, VAJT NESS, MACKISKZIE. THE CtTSTOM IlOnst:. 
 
 9 
 
 tion. Mr. Tyler being at Howard's hotel, sent Mr. Sweeny of Philadelphia to 
 ask ITU! to cull upon hun. 1 did so, and he enquired whether I would accept an 
 Inspector's place (S 100 a year.) My reply was that I would. Next day he 
 told mo to wall on Collector Curtis, who would place me in office, and I did so, 
 accimpunied by a director of the institute. Mr. Curtis was very polite — said 
 I would have tiic place, but that the warrant or papers had to goto Mr. Spencer 
 at Washinijton. Difficulties were raised afterwards, arising out of my very 
 peculiar pxiiion with reference to England, but I believe the President and his 
 sons were sincere in their wish to oblige my friends. The following note is a 
 proof of that : 
 
 •' W. L. Mackenzie, Esq. — My Dear Sir: T have just had an opportunity to 
 « read your letter of the 22d April. I am always glad to hear from ynu, al- 
 " tho' I find it impossible to be a very punctual correspondent. Colonel Graham 
 "[then P. M.J is expected here to day, and I shall urge your appointment upon 
 " him. If any accident should detain him in N. Y., take this letter to him, and 
 "tell him from me, that there is no man in New York I had rather see him 
 " provide for by an appointment in the city post office than Wm. L. Mackenzie. 
 " My own feelings would be highly gratified at your success. Very truly yours, 
 " Philadelphia, April 2-th. Robert Tylbr." 
 
 Aliho' the note was of no use, the kindness of heart displayed by the youth- 
 ful wri'er, to a person who was poorand an exile, and had no political influence 
 or weight, was very gratifying indeed — and when Mr. Van Ness became col- 
 lector, I was nominated as an inspector, but, as Mr. Spencer had objected, his suc- 
 cessor took the same view — and on reflection, I cannot venture to assort that it 
 was not the more discreet course. I was then placed in the Record office, which 
 had that name given it in burlesque, I presume, for it was the most confusod col- 
 lection of papers on a mammoth scale I had ever beheld during the half century 
 of my existence, nor did I hesitate to write a note to the collector in which I 
 frankly told him so. 
 
 In 1840, Mr. Van Ness wrote me from Burlington, Vermont, a very compli- 
 mentary letter with reference to a newspaper I was then publishing at Roches- 
 ter. Ho wrote a second from N. York, and enclosed a year's subscription. 
 Being requested by the President's brother-in-law, and son (with his father's 
 approbation,) he showed no unwillingness to give me a situation. For some 9 
 or 10 months, three clerks were employed in beginning to arrange the Records, 
 of whom I was one ; and as I found many remarkable documents from time to 
 time which were no records, I copied whatever of such interested or amused 
 me. Six months before I left, Webber, the chief clerk, had privately informed 
 the authorities that I was copying papers; and in March, 184.'"), I drew Mr. Bo- 
 gardus's attention to some of Hoyt's and his correspondents' stray productions, 
 by sending or giving them to him. I also asked Henry Ogden, the old cashier, 
 to mention to Mr. Hoyt that many curious papers of his were turning up. Mr. 
 Ogden said that he had told him this twice, but that Iloyt replied that he had 
 left nothing that he cared for. 
 
 When particular papers or books were wanted, wc had some 200 or 300 
 trunks to search, all of them the property of the United States, and some of them 
 open, others locked — some with keys and some without — some with an assort- 
 ment of all things, pious and impious, official and unofficial, from 17S9 to 1844, 
 and others exhibiting some etlbrts to attain method and order. I said then, and 
 I now repeat, that the confusion visible everywhere was in keeping with the ac- 
 counts of Hoyt and Swartwout — it could not have been the result of accident. 
 
 I must speak plain — how could it be avoided ? " To reform and not chastise 
 would be impossible — the wisest precepts would be of little use unless there 
 were examples to enforce them. To attack vices in the abstract without aim- 
 
 f ; 
 
 tiv 
 
10 
 
 THE HOYT AND BUTLlia CORRBSroriOENiK. 
 
 
 ■ :"l| 
 
 mg at persons, would bo safo lighting indeed, but it would I)0 iighiing Willi 
 shadows." 
 
 Mr. Bogardus, with consent of the Treasury, had thousands of pitfcon lioles 
 made, to liold papers as fast as we could sort and arrange them, lie gave liia 
 orders to Samuel P. Goldson, a political frlerd whom ho had introduced from 
 the 8th ward, as the keeper — they wore very intimate, and Goldson considering 
 Hogardus as his patron, did nothing without consulting him. On the loth ot 
 May, (loldson told me that Bogardus had ordered him to break open, oxamino 
 the contents and remove to garret, the Cujtom House Trunk marked 'J. ».V L. 
 Iloyt's Law Papers.' I suggested to him, Mr. Coryell, the other clerk, being 
 present, not to break it open, but to let the men carry it to the garret, for we had 
 the carpenters at work, and many loose papers. lie replied that his orders 
 were positive — took a large screw driver, called Mr. Stansbury, a carpenter to 
 help him, and they broke the screw driver twice, but opened tlie box. 1 had 
 liad an idea that the papers of all Iloyt's remarkable custom house lawsuits 
 with the merchants were in that box, the contents of which were innnediately 
 thrown upon the floor among other miscellaneous documents, and afterwards 
 carried in baskets to the attic. That box contained a part of the letters of the 
 Van Burens and Benj. Butler, but it is evident from Iloyt's aflldavit to the clian- 
 eery bill, that ho knew very little about it. The box was not Iloyt's — Iloyt 
 was on record as having embezzled §220,000 — the papers were in possession 
 of the government, but not being official, for the words ' Law Papers' were a 
 blind, we might have burnt them or swept them out. lie had told Ogdcn he 
 didn't want them, or to that elFect ; and if he had wanted them, I should iiavo 
 done my best to thwart him after I ascertained their character. I knew that 
 Goldson would tell Bogardus instantly what sort of law papers we had got at, 
 if indeed he did not know before he ordered the box to be opened and examined, 
 aid it is presumed he did not, for, as he says in his letter, the box was doubtless 
 ordered to be opened as many others had been, that we might look in it for some 
 important papers then required by the authorities, for which we had vainly 
 souglit elsewhere. 
 
 In presence of Ingham Coryell, and with the full and entire approval of 
 Goldson, the keeper, I began to copy as many of these paporsas wereof a public 
 character and fit for the public eye ; and as a gentleman whom I had known 
 for many years, and wjiohad held lucrative and important trusts under the U. 
 S., was about to leave for Washington, I called on him, shewed him the copies 
 I had taken, gave him many duplicates, and requested him first to show them 
 to Mr. Van Ness, and then carry them to Washington, and let the President 
 see them, as they concerned the public welfare. Anotiier of the clerks appears 
 to have informed him about them, and desired him to tell tlic Collector that I 
 was copying them, with the keeper's consent ; and that altlio' he had remon- 
 strated, I was also allowed to take such of them away to be copied as I thought 
 fit. The Collector was very fully informed on these points by this gentleman, 
 and sent for me, but was engaged when I called. About this time I was told 
 privately and also saw tlie notice in the Morning News, liiut President Polk 
 had promised General Dix that Coddington, being recommended l)y him, Cum- 
 breleng, Butler, Van Buren, and the rest of the faithful, was to have the Col- 
 Icctorship, and that Governor Van Ness, who had tried hard to elect Mr. Polk, 
 was to be thrown overboard without ceremony. I told the gentleman who car- 
 ried the papers to Washington, to mention to Mr. Polk where they were from,* 
 
 *Mr. Polk's committee to search tlie U. S. Bunk, 181)4, F. Thomas, Chnirmnn, ilemanOeil of tlio hunk the [irivnlo 
 letters ol" memhers of congress to the bank president, or any hank olHcer, and all unanswered letters from M. C'». 
 during the previous two years, whether about u new charter or the private tratisnctions of such SI. C's, with the 
 bank— and tho' nut a secret committee, they demanded the hooks of the hank, not merely to inspect them, hut to 
 4o to in Hcret, taking tiiem out of tlie hand* of tlte diieoton, and they oiietted tb«i( tight to cairy them where thoy 
 
A DISCOVERY 'DULY APPHKCIATBD IH TUB IIIUHT tiUABTEU.' 
 
 11 
 
 '■O 
 
 ) iigluing with 
 
 r pigeon lioles 
 lie gave his 
 troduccd from 
 on considering 
 )n the loth of 
 Dpcn, oxaniino 
 ,r]<ed ' J. A: L. 
 ir clerk, boinj^ 
 •ut, for we had 
 hat his orders 
 a carpenter tu 
 B box. I had 
 3USR law suits 
 D innncdiatoly 
 lid afterwards 
 I letters of the 
 'it to the clian- 
 Iloyt's — Iloyt 
 ! in possession 
 apers' were a 
 told Ogdcn he 
 I should have 
 I knew that 
 ivc had got at, 
 md examined, 
 was doubtless 
 . ill it for some 
 /c had vainly 
 
 ! approval of 
 
 ere of a public 
 
 I had known 
 
 s under the U. 
 
 him the copies 
 
 to show them 
 
 the President 
 
 ulerks appears 
 
 ollootor that I 
 
 e had reinon- 
 
 ;d as I thought 
 
 liis gentleman, 
 
 110 I was told 
 
 President Polk 
 
 by him, CJain- 
 
 liave the Col- 
 
 ilect Mr. Polk, 
 
 niian who car- 
 
 >ywere from,* 
 
 'the liimk llie private 
 I letters frnm M, C'». 
 iicli M. Cs, with the 
 I inspect them, but to 
 ury them wheie they 
 
 and how, and reij nested that there should be no concealment as to what I was 
 doing — ami he did so. 
 
 Mr. Ilnyt lias had hosts of witnesses before three successive city grand juries 
 to "et me iiidieted on account of these documents — but in vain. We shall see 
 whether I meritiul the abuse and slanders that have been heaped upon me. I 
 think not. I did everything fairly and above board, and even sacrificed the 
 petty olliee I h(d(l, with my income, time and means, and also borrowed money, 
 that I might be enabled to lay useful truths before the people previous to the 
 era of a conv;—'ion. A mercenary soul, situated as I was, would only have 
 eonsiderrd how much money ho could alarm the guilty hypocrites into paying 
 for the .lostriiction of the evidences of their shame and dishonor, thus placed 
 within his control. 
 
 On the 1st or 'Jnd of June, I received the following note from the gentleman 
 to whom I had given many copies to be shewn to the President. It was franked 
 "Comptroller's OlHce, J. VV. M'Culloh," and had the Washington postmark of 
 the JUst of May. 
 
 " Washington, 30th May, 1845. My dear sir ; I received your letter ex- 
 " planatory of the reference in one of J. Vs [John V. Buren's] letters to Iloyt, 
 " and thank you for the information it gives. The discovery of those letters 
 " seems to ho providential, AND IS DULY APPRECIATED IN THE lUGHT 
 " QU AllThiR. All will go well. I will be glad to hear from you, ami on any 
 •'occasion, in which I can serve you, write to me without res'3rve. You will 
 " find me ready to render you any aid in my power. Yours I'ruly." 
 
 pleiisfd. 'I'lipy nctimlly i'ssiicd their geneml wnrrant to compel tho production of all the letters thiit hnd hoon 
 writtoii t(i till! Ii;iiik or on priviile or public bukiiiess with it, for themselves mid others, within two ,;■'"■'<. iiitcmlin^ 
 to siiircli till' siiiiie with the view of iiistitnliii^' a criminal prosecution ng.iinst the writers or receivers. All tins 
 Mr. I'olk lippnivcd of— yet oven the chiincelhir will compel no mun to produce his books and piipers in order that 
 It iiiity bu !t"-'ii whi'llior they fiiriiisli evidence on which to ground u criminal proscrtitiim. " It is a compnlsory 
 p ori'ss," siiid Mr. Kvcrcll, lute niiiiisti-r to Knshtnd, " to cninjiel the good people of tho I'. S. to produce their books 
 , Old pii|iers, anil siiliiiiil them to general I'earcli in proof of crimes, not chiirgod but suspected ; to be enforced by 
 atlachnieiit, iin|irisiiiiiiii?nt, mid inlinite distress ; a search of books, a search of letters, and an examination on oath 
 of the pers(His implli-iitcd, toui'hins the mutters whereof they are suspected. In what does such a warrant differ 
 from those issued under the 1st Charles and the •iml James, fur which, amon<,' other things, ,^crog<;s was iin- 
 peiiclicd V 
 
 Itecorder Morris, now P. M. of N. V., selected by Mr. Polk and his cabinet on account of his principles from 
 aiMciii;; llltMMNI citi/ciis, held that tho end justified the means in the case of Ulentworth ; descended from the beiicli 
 of hi- :-riniiniil conrt, Joiiu'il the mayor, and the two started olV to tho quiet dwelling of a private cili/.en after tho 
 milliilijlil hour— told Inin he had in bis possession u sealed package of papers the property of a party then absent — 
 and luinpolleil him tn give it up unilcr a threat that they would then search his bed rooms, smdy, closets, chests 
 and drawers, and take it by force. They had no warrant — no oath, general or special — no sherirt" was present, nor 
 iidopiily — no not even a constable. Pierce was not sworn as to his knowledge of the contents of the packet, or 
 asked whether it contained the evidence of filentwnrth's guilt. Judge Morris' real object was to find aid towards 
 the eloctiiin of his party leiiiler, Van Huron — his immediate purpose was to prove the probable guilt of persmis 
 against whom no iliiirge whatever had come before him as a judge, by means of papers which even District Attor- 
 ney Whiting luid II r. Rutler had not chosen to keep when they had them ; these papers, too, the property of a man 
 whom their friend Judge Edmonds hud privately warned to go away, atlcr he had taken them home uad perused 
 them. 
 
 Messrs. Morris and Varian said that they did all this ofTicially ; and when Governor Seward asked Morris what 
 aiitnoiity he had for his midnight march to Pearce's, ho replied that much of the Common Law in force here had 
 never been printed any where ; that Lawyers knew the unwritten parts of the law ; and '.Sat these parts would be 
 found to saiirlion his expeditiini to Pierce's afler private papers. Attorney (lencral lliill flatly denied that the folks 
 of ,\ew York live under a code of unknown laws, never yet set in type, or written with a pen. " The extraordinary 
 doilrine of llio Itci'nrder, (said be) that some portions of the Coininun I, aw have never been reduced to writing, 
 and arc not to be fiiniid in any book, isc(|iially novel and untenable. Lord Camden says, " the names mid rights 
 of public nnigisi rales, tlioir power and forms ol'^proceeding, as they are settled by law, have been long since written, 
 .mil are to be fmind in bunks niiii records," If .Mr. Morris is right, common law is like dog law. Pompcy oD'ends 
 nil! and gets wlii|it. He remembers the whipping and avoids the oirenco. A man does a meritorious act — is brought 
 bi'I'ure .ludL'c Morris mid pnnislicd for it, by virtue of laws, which Moiris tells him that nobody but I<awyers ever 
 li(!;iril of. and whiili many of them declare to have no e.xistcnce. ifjudgcsand lawyers cannot agree as to whether, 
 in I HI,"), tlie laws of .\. V. st;ile are or are not written, how then can they agree as to what the laws are ? Vet this 
 is the man wlinni President I'olk has selected to lake care that the seals of the letters id" the people of N. Y. and 
 their corrospondiMits be not violated for political or party purposes I Is it not in character with his maiden choice 
 of I!. K. Hiitlor .' If 41) Ilritish ministers have stooped to the petty larceny policy of the administration of a 
 roiir-hi'. ciMifoniiding princi|ilp with precedent, and moral law with "legal custom— if all the 41), including Peel, 
 Wellington, Canning, (iodorich, Melbourne, Palnierston, Hussell, Crahani, and Aberdeen, and all the lord lieutenants 
 of Ireland, have, each in his turn, caused letters passing tliro' the postollice to be secretly opened, read, and reseated 
 by stealth, with counterfeit seals — and they do not deny it — what may not be expected from as convenient a post- 
 master as Morris, who adheres to a code of law unknown to his countrymen, including it is presumed the British 
 practice to which I have bad reference? In tho case of Iloyt, the documents were in government boxes, and Iloyt 
 an embezzler of the revenue, who had escaped the penalty of the sub-treasury act by u (|uibblfi — they were mixed 
 lip with hiinilrodsof tons of oiricinl records— wcro unsealed, indecent, unbecoming, unci left in the custuin house 
 becttuso tuy jiylluted to enter a private muiiiiuu. 
 
 :.. 
 
 ■m 
 
 -4 i 
 
 !-.l' 
 
 
I 
 
 •' H* 
 
 id 
 
 WIE CUSTOM HOTTSE, ITS INMATES AND THE SECRET LETTERS. 
 
 When I afterwards saw the writer, he informed me that Mr Polk had perused 
 the letters, and been informed where and in whitt manner they were found ; and 
 that the effect they produced on his mind was such as to induce him to depart 
 from his original purpose as expressed to General Dix. He said that he would 
 not give the office to Mr. Coddington, but would appoint a man of his own. I 
 have seen a pretty accurate statement of this interview in tlie National hitelli. 
 gencer, written by its N. Y. correspondent, M. L. Davis, who did not get any 
 of his facts from me. Ritchie did not contradict Davis's statement, nor make 
 any remarks upon it. [ sometimes think that it was by way of an offset to ihese 
 anli-Vun Buren movements in May and JnuR, that The Union abused me so out- 
 vageouhly when my book appeared last September. 
 
 Horace VValpole repeats a saying of his father, Sir Robert, "that but few 
 men should ever be Ministers, for it lets them see too much of tlie badness of 
 mankind." Mr. Van Ness was, I thought, a kind-hearted man, and all the Ver- 
 monters I had met with, spoke well of him, after he had been their governor. 
 I would have been glad, if he had kept his ground, but ho was less tittcd to deal 
 with the host of crafty place hunters who surrounded him than Lawrence, whosb 
 cold, phlegmatic, calculating temperament, and mind turned toward stockjob- 
 bing and lucre, will remain undisturbed, where Van Ness would almost shed 
 tears of piiy. I have been in the anti-chambers of Kings and Governors — and 
 have witnessed the levees of the Colonial Rulers of forty colonies, in Downing 
 street, but never on earth saw anything so formidable, yet humiliating to huniiiu 
 nature, in the way of besieging power for place, as in the Custom House of N. Y. 
 
 On the ."ird of June last, a friend wrote me in conffdenco from Washington, 
 that Van Ness was superceded, and Lawrence, the choice of the President, and 
 I wrote my resianation the same day and sent it in. The Collector sent for me 
 twice that month, and bade me stay on account of my straitened circumstances 
 uiid large fe.mily. I declined, my mind being fully made up tliat 1 had a duty 
 to perform, eff'ectually to uncloak the knaves who figure in part of this corres- 
 pondence. Nor was it any great sacrifice, fur I had tlie smallest income of any 
 clerk in the C ll. Webber and Everett were removed for tlieir political opin- 
 ions, with about ten minutes' official notice, and [ was ordered to instruct Gold- 
 son and Coryell, their successors, in their duties, which I did. Wo had pre- 
 cisely the same v.'ork to do, yet I was paid $200 less than the one, and .^300 
 less than the other. The treasury regulation seems to bo purely political, and 
 Committees of Congress, named by their party Speakers, ar^" altogether a delu- 
 sion. Seventeen men, called Measurers, gpt !i!$l.'')00 a year eai;li, for doing worse 
 than nothing. Secretary Forward proposed to abolish them, but his whig cabinet 
 was air built, and it soon vanished. The N. Y. Custom 1 louso is the most pow- 
 erful piece of political machinery for neutralizing opinion and controlling elec- 
 tions, to suit the ^e\v, that I ever saw or heard of in any country. Do Witt 
 Clinton's celebrated warning on that head, is indeed a truth. 
 
 It is a curious fact that neither Bogardus nor Collector Van Ness, ever spoke 
 a word to me about the Hovt correspondence while I was in office. During 
 every spare moment, from the l5th of May till July l.st, 1 copied from these 
 relics of Van Burenism, at my desk and dwelling house, with the keeper's ap- 
 probation, and, as it appears, that of his superiors also, w hom he and Coryell 
 had carefully and properly consulted. Had they objected, I nnist have desist- 
 ed. The power of dismissal or censure remained in Messrs. Polk, Walker, 
 and Van Ness, or either of them, but no one said a word. They doubtless 
 knew that it would have been highly criminal to conceal such unequivocal 
 proofs of turpitude from an abused people. Mr, Walker examined the letters 
 with great care, and both he and the President were glad that so much con- 
 cealed villainy had come to light. So far from being displeased, Pi-csident Polk 
 
Ik had perused 
 re found ; and 
 him to depart 
 that he would 
 f his own. I 
 itional hitelli- 
 id not get any 
 cnt, nor make 
 oirsel to ihese 
 ised me so out- 
 
 ' that but few 
 llie baihiess of 
 lid all tho Ver- 
 leir governor, 
 is tilted to (leal 
 vrence, whos(-. 
 'ard slockjob- 
 
 I almost shed 
 •vernors — and 
 5, in Downing 
 tinu; to hnmau 
 louse of N. Y. 
 
 Washington, 
 President, and 
 tor sent for me 
 eircumstances 
 
 I I had a duty 
 nf this corres- 
 ncomc of any 
 political opin- 
 instruct Gold- 
 We had pre- 
 ne, and Siii300 
 
 |)olitical, and 
 igother a dclu- 
 )r doing worse 
 s whig cabinet 
 
 the most pow- 
 ntroUing dec- 
 ry. i)o Witt 
 
 'ss, ever spoke 
 hce. During 
 kI from these 
 
 keeper's ap. 
 e and Coryell 
 st have desist- 
 [»olk, Walker, 
 hey doubtless 
 
 1 unequivocal 
 led tho letters 
 so much con- 
 :* resident Polk 
 
 HOW WERE THE LETTERS OBTAINED ? 
 
 13 
 
 promptly acted on my information, being justly indignant at Coddington's at- 
 tempt to head General Jackson, as shewn in page 214, No. J 79 of correspon- 
 dence.* 
 
 *Talk of violaliiig private confidence '. It wns in prosecution of my nulilic duties to the stale thnt provideneo 
 furnished me with such full meiins for the exposure of its enemies. While •' riaius popull, suprenm lex," remains 
 the I'lw of (Jod und miin, n rule to regulute our conduct towards our neighhors. uiid the practice according to which 
 has been approved hy posterity in the case of every hiessed reformer who has left his toil on earth for his reward 
 in he;ive[i, what could 1 have been, but one of the worst of traitors, if I had spared those enemies that were delivered 
 into my hands ^ 
 
 liet men Jesse lloyt, the tool of these plotters, let their hirelings the poor newspaper hacks, Kitchio and Ileiss of 
 the Union, Ulair tnd" Hives of the Globe, Noah of the .Sun, Bennett of the Herald, O'Sullivan of the News, Frencli 
 k (.'assidv of the Alius, Croswell of the Arjrus, the Solomons of the two I'otts. here and in Boston, the Troy Bud- 
 jet, and Senator Mack, with other more obscure drudges, the bearers of official burthens, on whoso gulled shoulders 
 their masters have ol'ten ridden into power over the necks of a betrayed and insulted people ; let them all rejoice in 
 the partial victory which they have obtained, thro' W. T. McCoun, in hindering the circulation of mv former book 
 for a time. Let the sacrifices which they have already made in the temple of mammon suHice, in irettmg a neigh- 
 bour, in some cases, to burn a copy for which he may have paid, but retaining their own like the tlesh which the 
 lieathens took from the altars of their gods to sell in the shambles. Let every covetous christian purchase it ami 
 every jew, as hallowed at that shrine where thay all mutually and lovingly worship every (Saturday and Sabbath. 
 
 The fear of losing his office, svhen Lawrence came in, must have been the motive thnt induced Goldson to tell, 
 and persist 'ii a falsehood, in this matter. When 1 had stated In the Tribune how I came by the letters, GoJdsoii 
 replied us follows : 
 
 " Mr Mackenzie says : — ' With tlie consent of Mr. Roldson, the keeper, I publicly cojiied, whenever I had spare 
 "time, such of those letters us I thought the public ought to see (omitting private passages.) and (as .Mr. Goldson and 
 " Mr. Coryell will no doubt testify, if cnlled on by the Couit of Chancery) I took home (xvith the keeper's consent) 
 'various letters, to copy them in the evenings. This course continued for nearly a month from Alay 15.' To this 
 'statement, and every part of it, I civo an iiiniualified denial. He never i,skcd my consent. If he copied the pa|)ers 
 " referred to ' publicly,' us he says, it was without my knowledge. If he took them home, it was without my know- 
 
 '• ledge." 
 
 A» reference wns made by Goldson to the third clerk, Coryoll, I also appealed to him, and here is his answer, 
 dated Nov. Vi 184.5. 
 
 " W- L. Mackenzie, Esij. — Sir: In reply to yours of to-day, I feel bound, under the circumstances, to say thnt I 
 "have read \» the. Tribune vour statement aiid Mr Goldson's reply, and THAT I'PON THK rNPLEASANT 
 "ISSUE TIII'S MADE BfiTWKKN VOU, YOU ARE COKRECT. Kesp'y yours. INGHAM CORYELL." 
 
 Mr. Coryell is well connected, and came to N. Y. highly reco:iiiiien(led by tho govnrnur and many leading men 
 of the democratic party in rennsylvania. Goldson, on the 14lh, wrote in the Tribune, " I repeat thai the statement 
 of Mackenzie is in every particular false— false both in fact and spirit." Kunior has it that he swore to the same 
 ell'ecl before several grand juries. Again, on the 18th, Goldson wrote, that " certain gov't papers were wanting, 
 "and the kevs to sundry gov't cases and boxes, in which it was supposed they were deposited, were lost. Mr. 
 " Uognrdus ordered these gov't boxes and cases broken open and the papers arranged. One of them wns found to 
 " contain hundreds of letters addressed to Mr. Hoyt." Ho goes on to say, that he gut a now lock and key ; ond 
 that, with his consent, neither Coryell nor myself opened that box afterwards ; but if this had been true apart jf 
 tbese remarkable disclosures had never appeared. 
 
 As Goldson and (^l^vell are both retained by Lawrence in the same department, to this hour, with the consent of 
 Mr. Polk and Mr. VViifkcr, I copy Coryell's statement of Nov. -Joth, frmii the Tribune, as follows : 
 
 " Mackenzie, (iohlson and I were the only clerks in the room ; (loldson was the senior and gave Mackenzie pcr- 
 misiiun to ciipy the letters ; / belief cd, but did not knoto, that he intended to publish them, und told Goldson thnt he 
 did wrong in giving hini tho permission. Instead of aiding him to copy them, us tinldson charges, I, through a 
 friend, told the I'olleclcir that .Mr. Mackenzie was taking copies, and that ho the CulJeclor. ought to enquire into 
 tiie mutter. Mr. Van Ness sent Mr Bogiirdiis. who is the personal friend of .Mr. (ioldson, to make the inquiry. 
 He did inquire, and he reported that it was all right; und so far from tearing that lie wnuld lose his place for 
 permitting hmi to copy the letters, Goldson, after he knew that Mackenzie wns about to leave tlie office, excused 
 iiini from other dnties,'that he might make extracts from papers in the ollice. which Mackenzie has used in his book. 
 1 refer to the publslied letters of Mr. Van Ness und Mr Bognrdiis, to prove that my statpinent as to them is true, 
 and knowing these liicts to be so, Goldion now says that Ac could not hut know that lie sk mid lose Ma place, his 
 livelihood, and alieniaie every friend he possessed by tlic conduct charged upon him. .Now I reply that he did not 
 then think so ; Mr Van Ness and Mr. Bogardus were then his friends, they knew that he wns the senior clerk in 
 charge of the papers ; they knew that Mackenzie was copying these letters with Gohlsun's pernilssioii or cunnivanca, 
 und took no steps to prevent it, and Goldson knew this." 
 
 On seeing this, Bognrdusgave Corvell the lie in the most plain terms, in tho Tribune nf the 28th of Nov.— saying 
 that his stateiiieni wns "an unblushinit and malicious falsehood." Messrs. Polk, Lawrence and Walker continuo 
 to avail themselves nf his services also ! '. 
 
 But the calm and intrepid youth kept his ground ably and 0>nrlessly ; und I trust that his love of truth, and con- 
 tempt of office and $1000 a ycir, if to be dishonestly hold, will yet bn liunored by the apprnbalioii of the nohlo 
 hearted and virtuous among his countrymen. On the'iOth, he slated in the Tribune that the moment I liegnn to 
 copy the Hoyt correspondence ho requested a gentleman of great respectability to mention the fact to Mr. Van Ness, 
 who did so — and ho refers to Mr. Van Ness's leller of Sept. \i5, wlicro he .slates Ihiit lie had been informed thnt I 
 had f'oiiiid s line icnporliint private correspondence of Hoyt among tho archives, nnd hail caused ilogardiisto make 
 a private examination, who reported that the papers were of no apparent coiist'qnoncu — and to Bogiirdus's published 
 card, where linsavs that the ducumeiits were of no consequence, and not wcrtli taking away. Bogardus went tci 
 (ioldson, who hnil laughed heartily at Butler's mock piety, nnd Van Iluren's cursing and gamhling. but he never 
 opened liis lips to inc, nor did Goldson ever mention to me that there had been a search or an enquiry. Coryell's 
 last epistle closed the correspondence in these words : 
 
 " I am made lo appear as the partisan of Mackenzie who, hy the publication of his book, has orrrayed ngainit 
 him an Innneiico powerful in this community. My accusers have enlisted themselves as the tools and ingtruineiits 
 of those who are laboring to arraign Mackenzie for felony, of which they know him to ho innocent, by way of pro- 
 tecting themselves. 1 am not his partisan — I had no agency in the pi.lilication of his book— I have no Interest in 
 tnstaiiiin^ him. On the contrary I am well aware that what I ha%'o said in his favor will provoke against nie tli« 
 ill will ot men whom I have no wish to offend, hut Goldson und Bogardus have placed me in a situation where I 
 am compelled to speak the truth or else do as they httVH done, fcenr/a/nr wiVmcw (iir(iiM,«t ./l/acAfntiV. ♦ * * * 
 * * * * * Mackenzie's book is un exposure of nien who have held important liiiafttial nnd political posts; • 
 men having great weight and Influence in sodety nnd with the Uovemmcnt. Among those assuilad is the present 
 
 
 ■y% 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
I I 
 
 ' .1. 
 
 'r' 
 
 14 
 
 THE AtJTnOR'S APOLOGY FOR THIS VOLUME. 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 The Author's Afohsy for puNishmg the Butler ana Van Buren Correspondence. 
 Constitutional Reforms nrgent/ij required. Governor Wright and the Anti-Rent- 
 ers. L. D. S/amm. Je.s.;c HoyCs extraordinary Chancery Bill and Vice-Chan- 
 cellar M' Court's still more extraordinary decision about it. Benjamin F. But- 
 ler's professinn of Piety. Mrs. Butter, a Politician. Van Buren's vacillating 
 Policy. What may he considered Literary Property in these times. 
 
 With such opportuailifs as I had of making these disclosures; sufToring as I 
 have sufleied in the cause of liberty ; what an incurious creature must 1 liavc 
 heen, what a simpleton, not fo have opened my eyes to that which was so plain- 
 ly spread before my view ; what a traitor if, when 1 possessed it, I iiad courted 
 or received the reward of silence ; if 1 had kept silence! No! trusting in 
 the coming emancipation of the human race from all the former restraints of 
 misrule and o|)prebsion ; already seeing in the words of the ancient heathen 
 poet in accordance with the prophecies of scripture, " a new order of things 
 beginning;" already seeing a long continuance of peace among the most civil- 
 ized nations, and the progress of the arts rendering the former advantages for 
 war worthless ; either tending to secure a continuance of peace or to end war 
 in one hasty general struggle ; seeing even many of the creatures that were 
 placed in subjection to man, and whoso necessary attention to them in some 
 measure humanized mankind, rendered unnecessary, supplanted ; seeing all 
 things preparing for the greater happiness of mankind in a universal reign of 
 love, should I not do what I could to wipe oifthe reproach of this land, as fail- 
 ing in the experin)ent of self-government, through the remnants of ancient fraud 
 that still remain amidst that glorious progress which we once seemed destined 
 to make in the career of improvement among the nations ; the last but the best 
 form of government far outstripping them all ! 
 
 How must the heart of every sincere patriot ho sad to see the Declaration of 
 Independence nullified in so many cases, if not in every state, by the slate 
 Constitution, in what is it not disregarded in the practical working of it ! Who 
 would not grieve to see, amidst the late troubles of one of our smaller States, 
 instead of the great political parties in the others suggesting aught as an elTec- 
 tive remedy, fomenting the quarrel and triumphing in its progress, for the sake 
 of political effect, without any measure for the full establishment of those equal 
 rights to which the wiiolk nation is pledged in the sight of God to one another, 
 before the world ! Who would not grieve at the success with which the guilty 
 often escape through the meshes of law in this State, and the innocent are 
 overwhelmed ; to see a governor proclaim the injustice of certain usurpations, ad- 
 vise their abandonment, hut yet hold out the terrors of the law against their viola- 
 tors ; to see men condemned for murder that are said to have taken the life of 
 one that came to oppose them and execute an unjust Ian i To see such things, 
 and here find so many felons go " unwhipt of justice," assisted in their crime 
 and their escape from its due punishment through that imported, foreign, feudal 
 legislation, and those relics of ancient fraud which seemed to have been swept 
 away in the spring-tide flood of the revolution ; yet here, carried back and settling 
 down upon our sliores in every ebb and flow of the change of parties and pre- 
 
 ('(illectnr, whniie npiinintment liiis cimngeil tlio relation* lictween Messrs. Goldsnn, nii;;nri1us anil Mncken/ie. 
 Refore thi«, Mr. RoiiUon gnve Mnckenzia permissinn tu cnpv tlie letters, and ><r. Dngnriliis cniilil tlncl "notliini; 
 of importnnce in the mutter," but now none louder than tlicy in denoiinrin!; Mackenzie. Dennnrintion is not 
 ennu(;h ; thev, or one of tlieni, at least, liavc gone before the grand jury for the purpose of bavin;; bim indicted for 
 a felony. VVby is this ? U it not manifest that tbnt which was of " no impHrtnncc" under Mr. Van Ness, in their 
 eslimntion, has become a felony under Mr. Lawrence? And is it not cqiinlly manifest that all this zeal against 
 Maciicnzie nriftinates in n base nnd ^'rovelin^ desire to conciliate the Collector Ht the expense of truth and honor! 
 «*»**** I ,|o not slop to enquire what are the collector [I.awrenceJ'a opuiions or wishes. 1 dare 
 b« honeit and iiieitk tlie truth, let it pleaite ut oflend whom it may. I hone I am done with Mr. Dogardus. 
 
 INGHAM CORYEH,." 
 
 'M 
 
THE CONVENTION— PRINCIPLE — L. D. SLAMM. 
 
 15 
 
 Correspondence, 
 i the Anii-RcnI- 
 and Vice-Clian- 
 mjamin F. But- 
 reu^s vacillating 
 ines. 
 
 ; sufToring as I 
 irc must 1 liavo 
 ch was so plaiii- 
 t, I liad courtetl 
 >fo ! trusting in 
 cr restraints of 
 ncieiit heathoii 
 order of things 
 ; the most civil - 
 advantages for 
 3 or to end war 
 :urps that were 
 ) theiTi in some 
 ted ; seeing all 
 iversal reign of 
 is land, as fail- 
 if ancient fraud 
 eemed destined 
 ast but the best 
 
 Declaration of 
 
 e, by the slate 
 
 g of it ! Who 
 
 smaller States, 
 
 'ht as an efiec- 
 
 ss, for the sake 
 
 it of those equal 
 
 to one another, 
 
 liich the guilty 
 
 e innocent are 
 
 usurpations, ad- 
 
 linst their viola- 
 
 iken the life of 
 
 ce such things, 
 
 in their crime 
 
 foreign, feudal 
 
 ive been swept 
 
 ack and settling 
 
 lartics and pre- 
 
 rdus nnil Mncknn/.in. 
 
 iiiild find " iintliiiit; 
 
 Deniinrintiiin ia not 
 living liini jnilictetl for 
 ilr. Vnn Nesn, it) their 
 I nil this 7.enl agninst 
 ! of truth and honor! 
 ins or wishes. I dnre 
 Mr. BognrdiH. 
 lAM CORYELIi." 
 
 i 
 
 tended reforms in the framing of constitutions and the revising of laws ; if not 
 ready to wish for the abrogation of human laws, and with a trial of a jury of 
 our peers, the palladium of liberty, in a court where only the enlightened con- 
 sciences of good men and their sense of honesty should be allowed to affect the 
 decision in pronouncing sentence according to the evidence ; how must I have 
 been excited to do at least what was put in my power, to afTord a demonstra- 
 tion of the truth of sacred writ, " that the love of money is the root of all evil," 
 and to call upon the people of this state, in prospect of holding a convention, to 
 reform and perfect its constitution ; and of all the states ; to establish more 
 checks, and hencelbrth allow of no office holder but by their direct suffrage, of no 
 nomination but with your full knowledge — and to permit no one elected to legis- 
 late in any pecuniary matters regarding his own pay or whatever else may con- 
 duce to his own personal and exclusive advantage ; but to enjoy his salary ac- 
 cording to the appointment of the people, in his election ! Such are the princi- 
 ples in which I have had the happiness to be indoctrinated ; * principles that I 
 know not if they are fully carried out in practice among any society of men 
 but the Seccders of Scotland, a church strongly attached to Democracy in cleri- 
 cal government, and which I may call my mother church, having been born and 
 baptized in it. 
 
 Whatever motives of disappointed ambition, whatever motives of self-seeking 
 and hope of future favor may be imputed to the author, he is conscious to him- 
 self of the rectitude of his conduct, and, that, in due time, it will be approved 
 by every sincere lover of his country's welfare, by every one that reckons 
 himself bound to guard the republic against injury. If it had been revenge 
 that had prompted him, he might have had that long ago in matters that more 
 nearly related himself; but, when he considered himself able to serve the pub. 
 lie, he overlooked personal injuries, and instead of being the op])onent of the 
 party, the worst part of which reckon themselves chiefly aggrieved by this pub- 
 lication, he became its advocate and pleaded its claims to State and National 
 power as far as he was then deceived, and, as far as he reckoned its proposals 
 preferable to those of the party that then defeated it. 
 
 Laboring for the good of whatever land it has been his lot under providence 
 to inhabit, amidst the ill-treatment which he has received for the want of sue- 
 cess in a cause at least equal to that for which our revolutionary ancestors of 
 this nation, are justly honored ; marked and proscribed with a price set upon his 
 head, equal to tliat at which some of the mo.st illustrious of tiiem were valued 
 by the same government ; the last among all the survivors of that ill fated strug- 
 gle, that has not obtained a pardon and an allowance to return to his unforfcited 
 rights and property ; wore he to be crushed now by such an attempt as lloyt, 
 Butler, Van Buren, and their supporters have made, how would tyrants rejoice 
 and the lovers of rational liberty lament, reckoning the refuge of the oppressed, 
 the dungeon of the free ! 
 
 Is it to be supposed that I should destroy my fair fame, lay aside every prin- 
 ciple of honor, yacrifice a life-long reputation, and disregarding all consequences, 
 
 ■:'^i::.i 
 
 * When the qLeslimi ofii slnlo cmivention \vi\s first spoken of, I wiis in the Mechiiniis' lii.slitnle, here, mid wtolo 
 many iirlirles in its I'nvonr, thu' nut over my own si^'nnUirc. I,cvi I). cShinini, a IriHted editor of the Dcinocrncy, 
 or |icrhn|isorthcirartt'nl iinil selfish lenders, has, ilnrinK the Inst three yours, hesiowod niui'h iihnse upon ine, iinildnno 
 nioiill the injury he cmi'd with the people. IliniscU'tlie son ofatjcrnian father and an Irish mot her, he descended to 
 deiionnce ino as " a foreign renegade" thro' his press. Let his private sentiments, pnhlisliod hy his consent, stand 
 us a reply to the sliiiidets of his junrnal. 
 
 " VVilfinm I.. Mackenzie, Ksi].— Dear Sir: IthiinU yon fiir your attention. The article younllndeto never cuine 
 " to my possession, olne 1 should certainly have puhli.shed it. Ue assured that the fears you intini.ite do me injustice. 
 " Innately a Democrat, I can never forego the utterance of truth from uny motive of policy or evpendiency. A 
 " pressure of business— the warm interest 1 have taken in municipal reform, us the colunnis ol'the plelieian will show, 
 " the various sulijects which arise every duy reipiiring some record of opinion — and the little ii«sislance I have in 
 " the conduct of my journal, is my ixul'uii: roR not kktiikinu i-usitivki.y into riiii ionte.mi'latkd Con- 
 
 " dTITUTIONAI. KkkuR.M UVKSTION. Yuur ftieild. LfcVl D. tJLAH.M." 
 
 •• Jujie 30, 1843." 
 
 ^§1 
 
 'm 
 
 
 <« •■Ij 
 
 :,!'•.;,.. 
 
 ■ if r'fj 
 
 .- >M 
 
 r 
 1 1 
 
i iA 
 
 Id 
 
 HOYT, BUTLER, AND THE COURT OF EQUITY. 
 
 1 
 
 1 ,«(' 
 
 like "a marlnian scatter firebrands, arrows and death," not caring though the 
 greatest and noblest temple of human liberty ever erected,. should be burned up, 
 if I should obtain a name ? Far from it ! An admirer of the glorious principles 
 of the Declaration of Independonoe ; hoping to find the practical effect of such 
 liberty here, as a Knox had established tor the Church in my native land, and a 
 Buchanan pleaded for the state ; the practical working of the true political prin- 
 ciples which a Locko furnished to the immortal author of the full draught of 
 the Declaration of independence ; hearing this government praised by every 
 lover of liberty ; living under oppressions myself ; admiring everything good, 
 and carefully endeavoring to excuse everything evil in the working of the re- 
 publican system j engaged at last, as is well known, in a desperate, (though for 
 the time,) an unsuccessful, attempt to transplant the same institutions into a neigh- 
 boring region ; was I not accurately to mark its workings according to my op- 
 portunities ; and when made to feel its evils so bitterly as I have experienced in 
 my own person ; was I to content myself as an idle drone in the Custom House, 
 sucking the honey of the public hive ? Far from it! I endeavored to improve 
 the opportunities which were there furnished, and the leisure which the present 
 arrangement of the public service allowed, for the benefit of the public; and 
 here is the result of a part of my labors. 
 
 But, in an attempt t > cloak up again the villainy and fraud which has been 
 exposed, here we have a defaulter to the public, an embezzler of the revenue, 
 that should have been glad to have retired from view into the shades of those 
 jungles which it is now becoming fashionable for public men to court, after a 
 certain period of office, whore they may live like wild beasts that drag their 
 victims to their dens, to devour them and fatten upon them at leisure ; there he 
 should have sought to spend, after " a youth of labor, an age of ease" with 
 his guilty companions, instead of darkening a court of justice with his presence, 
 or deafening it with his complaints. But, " Oh ! shame, where is thy blush !" 
 his cloim is allowed, sanctioned ; and letters by the lovers of stock-gambling and 
 betting on elections — on the best mode of intriguing for office, and how that 
 office should be used, not for the public weal, but to subserve the basest and 
 most wicked personal and party purposes — of the easiest way of robbing the 
 widow and the orphan by an artificial and corrupt upholding of a rotten bankrupt 
 Banking Institution — letters composed of language and epithets the most blasphe- 
 mous, the demoralizing tendency of which cannot for an instant be doubted, eve« 
 by the most liberal reader — these are adjudged worthy of the protecting mantle 
 of an EQUITY court, as literary property, and the booksellers enjoined not to 
 sell nor permit the public to read the Lives of Jesse Hoyt and Benjamin Butler.* 
 
 '<' l<eiiviiig fur n time, Mr. V. Uurcii'g ready tool, let us east a look at the principuli, tlie ehier cnn«|iirntors ainon<; 
 their iicci>iii|ilM't!s ill {.niill. ^ee mie tilling fur u time ii high legal stiition, in which he must tremble ut the blii«t uf 
 (luhlic indiiiniitioii, when the ccmtiiieil wind uf the Custom Huuse, that Gidiis Miiniifuctory of public opinion, has 
 been let oiit ut ibe pr»|>t'r i|imrrer, no longer belched forth from Iho thronts uf its greiisy demiigu{;ues I See him 
 with n ciirriii^'e bi-vond must of the trident in politics, early making a profession of religiun : not wailing till retire- 
 ment from iittice to be tniinmulled by the rcstriiints uf sen, but all the time using his religions profession us a cloak, 
 pretending " to lie denied to the world, but following the mammon of unrighteuusncsswith a step as steady us time 
 and nn appetite us keen as death." 
 
 If there are curtain pictures so ludicrous, according to the description of the poet, to see which, when ndmitte<l, 
 must fonush u sniijei't for iinie<trainublu laughter; how could it be thought that I could restrain my indignation 
 when the oppDitunity wa^ iilt'oidi'd mo of porusng the evidence which such a man furnished against himself I Then 
 see his nearest reliition in life, his uiher self, a woman, of whose sex it has been said, that " retirement is the greatest 
 glory, and. that um; fnnuius, is infiiinotis ;" how iias she courted notoriety to herself among the uucuinpltces uf her 
 male, by her share in this Kamily compact of corrupt politicians! Who could withhold Iroin her the gratification 
 of enjoying that loving assuciaiion which she has courted, of furnishing another proof of the old adage " No plot 
 withuui a wuiniin :'' of iillruclin>j the admiring multitude to the charms uf the heroine uf the piece, a tragedy tutho 
 public, hitherto a roineily to thcin .' 
 
 It has been said tbiil the name of the Devil himself ought tu be mentioned with reverence, an we nm not to 
 speak evil of dignities, i^nrh a principle must bo supposed to lend to some restraint in speaking of one that once, 
 though nnwortliily, tilled the highest station of honor in this land. But surely this should not hinder his bein; al 
 lowed to speak f.ir himself. In the word of <iod we have many records uf the sayings of the devil as well ns uf 
 wicked men. The author of th<s book owes thatwhnracter nothing : I mean not the devil hut the other. Or if he 
 vwei him anything, he is glad of the opportunity uf discharging the obligation, of paying in ihisusecuoU iastitliuent. 
 
LITERAny PROWRTY DEFINED IN THE CITT HALL. 
 
 17 
 
 rinfj though tho 
 !d be burned up, 
 irious principles 
 il effect of such 
 tive land, and a 
 18 political prin- 
 full draught of 
 raised by every 
 verything good, 
 rking of the re. 
 ate, (though for 
 onsintoaneigli- 
 rding to my op- 
 ; experienced in 
 : Custom House, 
 /ored to improve 
 hich the present 
 he public; and 
 
 which has been 
 
 of the revenue, 
 
 shades of those 
 
 to court, after a 
 
 that drag their 
 
 jisure ; there he 
 
 c of ease" with 
 
 [ith his presence, 
 
 is thy blush !" 
 
 {-gambling and 
 
 and how that 
 
 the basest and 
 
 of robbing the 
 
 rotten bankrupt 
 
 ie most blasphe- 
 
 be doubted, eve» 
 
 otecting mantle 
 
 enjoined not to 
 
 njamin Butler.* 
 
 lief conspirntors ninoii' 
 trcnilile at the bluU of 
 of |iulilic opinion, h&s 
 eniagujiues I Set him 
 ; not waiting till retire- 
 IS profession us n clouk, 
 u step us steudy us lime 
 
 wliicli, when ndmitteil, 
 estniin my inilignutiun 
 uRiiinst himself : Then 
 itiremeut is the ^reiiteb'. 
 tlic nucoinplices of her 
 jm her the grulificutinn 
 c oil! adnge '■ No plot 
 e piece, a trugedy to thi; 
 
 ircncc, as we nm not to 
 ikinc of one tliut nniM-, 
 not liindcr his hoing iil_ 
 the devil n> well as of 
 iHit the other. l)r if he 
 his a second instuliuent. 
 
 Could that be property to any one which had not only been abandoned but 
 could be of no use to him when recovered ? In my book, the letters that 
 are claimed have their fitting place ; separated from the context, they nnust ua 
 regarded as the sweepings, dross and rubbish of literature, utterly worthless. 
 Literary property no more could they be than the certificate which some skil- 
 ful physician gives to a pauper cured of the diseases produced by vice, to be 
 exhibited along with his scars to excite the sympathy of every one that passes 
 by. In such frpquent cases of moral disease in the body politic, when the just 
 retribution shall overtake the workers of evil, pity may perhaps relent and 
 hearken to the cry of misery, and regard the sight of wounds worse than those 
 of Lazarus, which even a dog would disdain to lick, and give a cent to the 
 modern representatives of fallen greatness, as one of old begged, saying, while 
 exhibiting his torn purple, '^ Daobo/em, pauperi Belistirio." 
 
 These letters could only be useful for such a purpose, or to be publishfd by 
 their author as a confession in anticipation of the horrors of a dying hour, or 
 the just judgment of God : not without a precedent in the annals of Infidels and 
 Christians, of Rousseau and Augustine. But they are sought for no such pur- 
 poses, with no such intentions. A generous penitent would rejoice in antici- 
 paling liis labor, in another's doing for him that which he had been too careless 
 in donig for iiimself ; that which his conscience must have urged, though the 
 modesty of iiis nature migiit have shrunk from the performance. 
 
 Then how vain the pretence of claiming this property for others! Is there 
 any onr, tlio most degraded of the multitude that figure in this book, that would 
 claim his labors iirre as literary property, or allow them to be used as such, if 
 it could he prevented ? Not one. What earnest solicitation do we find in cer- 
 tain cases that the letters may be burned, and what assurances that the same 
 favor has been granted to the productions of him from whom this is asked ! If 
 this were literary property it must have changed its nature in a wonderful 
 mannei', appearing to amazing advantage in the editor's publication contrasted 
 with the author's manuscript. VVhat a grace and brilliancy the setting must 
 have lent tiicse paste diamonds and glass jewels of literature! 
 
 Low as others are in the scale of sensibility, besides Hoyt the claimant, it can- 
 not be supposed that they are altogether destitute of feeling on this subject. It 
 is related by natural historians that a certain animal, a sort of prototype of those 
 beings that wallow in the miro of political corruption, has been known to become 
 so insensible in its fatness, that the mice have been allowed to burrow and nestle 
 in its hack. But hero, though " learning," in t)io language of Burke, " may 
 have been cast into the street and trodden under the hoofs of a swinish multi- 
 tudo," in all the ignorancn and disregard of the propriety of speech, as well 
 as of di'ceiicy of manners, we must interpret the clamour with which we are 
 assailed and deafened, as a claim of literary property urged here, as the grunt- 
 ing of the hord, in tho feeling and anlicipation of their well tilled troughs 
 being emptied, and themselves sent as commoners at largo, through the streets, 
 instead of preserving their present accommodation, in the well built pens of the 
 public's providing. 
 
 lii;e! as a Miorilice lo-uii fy theohimoursof ****** *; then relurtnntly mv releuse was firanted lest, 
 a lunger coiitini^nient slioiild injuro his Intoresls in Hii indignant commnnity ; hnt, not" wlthont reqniring 1II0.0I)(I 
 
 petilionnrs tn :|.ik l)li> I'llvnr i\\' r..l>iviiur tliu li..til ..I* ..liiml*.. t,^ l'...n:.,l. » ..«..'.«.» .* — A..I ...I.... -:~l.. 
 
 an e\ 
 
 then n niche In the tempie of fuiiio hy I 
 
 sDUtr without a btratagum I" 
 
 linger coiitini^nient slioiild Injuro his Interests in Hii indignant commnnity ; hnt, not" wlthont rei|Hirlng 1II0.0I)(I 
 ilioner^ to a<k tho favor of relaxing the hold of rrnoltv, to furnish n pretence for doing what was right, to nfloril 
 excuse against a parly that he feared might reproach liiiii with nieniv ! (Jreut politician ! let prosperity award 
 en niche in the temple of fuiiio hy the side of ^im of whom il ia recorded, that " be uuuld not lake a iiiuch of 
 Itl without tt strntaeum !" ♦ 
 
 ■■"^t- 
 
 ■■ I'l 
 
 ^t 
 
 
18 
 
 THE AUTHOR S MOTIVE FOR PUBLISHIMti. ABRAUAM V. BUREN. 
 
 Amidst all the obstructions that have been put in my way, myself unheard 
 in many parts, and nothincj but calumnies preceding as an advertisement of my 
 book, I know that I shall yet be regarded ; that in some way I shall gain a 
 public audience, and secure the approbation of the people in my honest eflbrt 
 " to do the state some service." Not despairing, but assured of ultimate suc- 
 cess to my righteous cause, with the most earnest wishes and most ardent hopes 
 for it here, trusting to such a decision as most rcconnncnds itself to your own 
 consciences in the prospect of death and at the bar of God, tiiat shall be re- 
 echoed in the grateful approbation of the jieople ; in the consciousness of no 
 ill desert, and the justice of my cause, notwithstanding a former decision, of the 
 character of which, and its author, Vice Chancellor McCoun, the public have 
 already formed their opinion; and shall soon pronounce their sentence ; I ap- 
 peal to you, and to the whole people ; to you as the representatives of their justice 
 and equity, like the ancient Roman, who, when he had put down plots and pun- 
 ished treason, was refused by a tribune to be allowed to maJce a recapitulation 
 of his services, but in taking his oath of oflice customary on resignation, swore 
 tliat he had saved the republic, and all the people assented with a shout.* 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Van Buren's hirth, imrentagc, and family connexions. Hij education and early 
 
 ■pursitils . He studies law — opens a law office — marries. W. P. Van Ness. 
 
 Aaron Burr. Death of Mrs. Van Buren. John, Abraham, Smith T., and 
 
 Martin Van Buren, Jr. 
 
 Abraham Van Buren was the owner of a small farm in Kinderhook, Columbia 
 county, New York; and kept a tavern, or public house, first, in a little log 
 
 ♦Suppose a clerk finds nmon<! liis employer's papers n well iligcsled pliin, liy persons lii^'li in his master's confi- 
 ilence, to ilerriiiiil )m\\ — with other plans, showing that he has heon already delrnnrlod hy those persons: and siip- 
 nose this (,'lerk to remain silent, and allow the guilty individuals to ^o on and do mncli more ncischiof, when, hail 
 he warned his employer, they would have hecn checked in time — would not his conduct he faithless, and reprelien- 
 tiblc ? Would he not be as bad ns the knaves whose villany he hail thus cloaked ? 
 
 Such was my case. I did not seek the conlidence of lloyt, Hutlcr, Van Huron, &c. I received none of it. I 
 betrayed no secrets, for I was entrusted with none. I!ut while in a public otl'ice. bcloncin:; to the I'nited States, I 
 founii the evidence of knavery, duplicity, fraud, and dishonesty, hy which my rin|)loyers had deeply sutferod, ami 
 were likely to sulTer nuicli more ; and that fraud and knavery [ jiastcned piibliclv to cxposu, and lay before the 
 hiji'best authority in the land, as I was in honor hound todo. I also laid it before the |ieo|ile in the form of u public, 
 book, to which 1 attached my name as the compiler — skulking from no responsibility, Imt conrtin;; enquiry, i took 
 110 profit or advantage by the publication, because, though an e.\ilo for the Kno I bear to freedum, and poor, I 
 scorned the reward of an informer for hire. 
 
 I borrowed one hundred dollars, after leaving the Custom Honsc, for which I gave my note. This sum enabled 
 me to complete the book. Twenty-live dollars paid the whole exiiensos of iny.ionrnoy to Ruston, where I boarded 
 at t Houdoin street, until .Mr. A. .1. Wright, n highly respectable printer there, had set up the manuscript. 1 think 
 1 had two copies of his edition, and have had some or 8 of the other printed here — .-.iid this is all the connexion, 
 jirolit. loss, or interference in any way which I had or have with the Lives of [loyf and Hiiilir, either direct, or in 
 liirectlv. Of the sales, costs, -prolils or losses, I know no more than the public — anil ns to the assertion that I had 
 the work published with a lictitioiis publisher's name, it is eijiially false wiib other slaiders. | was introduced to Mr. 
 Cook in lioston by the printer to the city — I saw him at Mr. Wright's bet'ore I left — and i borrowed $7 from him 
 to pa\ my expenses to .\. V. which I repaid here. While in theCustom House, no man was more careful not to 
 divulge aught relative to merchants' entries or invoices, or tlio olficial iiniiers of the department. Who can say to 
 the contrary ! 
 
 I found the proofs of Rutler & Co.'s knavery in thi'ppopli'.i jiossr.i.iinii — in a public building of theirs, which had 
 cost them a million of dollars. }Iad I concealed these proofs, future misconduct would have been .justly laid at my 
 door. Do not those who blame me for publishing the truth in this case, seek to screen public and private knavery 
 in all time coming, by threatening faithful servants if they do not save rogues harmless .' 
 
 I had not agreed to be the depository of dishonest secrets, when I accepted a clerkship in a public oflice. I had 
 never stept out of my own department to seek secrets of any kind. 'J'o have concealed the letters would have been 
 to agree that the fountain of public justice should remain impure. \ had made no such contract. The letters were 
 open. 'I'hey were mi.\ed up with the public documents — / coiilil not. /ir/p remlhiir flicm. They had no business 
 there, nor hiid Mr. Hutler any business to make the young I'atroon tipsy, keep his good money aiiil send him back 
 with that which was bad. 
 
 Were the men who exposed the traitorous correspondence found in Major ,\ndre's hoots, blnmcable ? " It is dreid- 
 ful to reail such withering e.xposures of jiolitical proihgocy, such shocking cxbibitinns of venality, chicanery, hy- 
 pocrisy and fraud," says the Cominercial Advertiser. I had charged Hoyt, Van Buren, Hutler, and their "allies, 
 years "before, with very bad conduct, through the press. When I lind some of the proofs in a public ofKce, and 
 fiivoii in charge of no one, I am blamed for circulating them ! "There are those made manifest in these pages, who 
 might gladly invoke the mountains to fall on and cover them." So says the ("ourier & Knipiirer; onii if I have 
 done wrong in uncloaking the sinners, let it warn others having like villany to conceal not to einjiloy me. Because 
 bad men conspire in secret against the Kepublic, am 1 to be compelled, in violution of my oath of iidelity, to con- 
 ceal their juiscuiiduct, ur be insulted for giviiij; the country wariuiif; 1 
 
JEN. 
 
 ^sell" unheard 
 isemeut of my 
 ; shall gain a 
 \f honest efibrt 
 ultimate suc- 
 ;t ardont hopes 
 f to your own 
 t shall be re- 
 iousness of no 
 decision, of the 
 e public have 
 cntenco ; I ap- 
 ; of their justice 
 plots and pun- 
 . recapitulation 
 ignation, swore 
 a shout.* 
 
 alion and early 
 
 . P. Van Ness. 
 
 Smith T., and 
 
 1 
 
 VAN BUREn'S birth AND PARENTAGE. 
 
 10 
 
 hoolv, Columbia 
 in 
 
 I littlo log 
 
 1 ill Ills master's coiifi- 
 to^e persons ; and mip- 
 ■e rr.iscliicr, when, hail 
 faithless, and reprehen- 
 
 ccivcil none of it. I 
 the I'nited States, I 
 d (lec|ily snflerod, and 
 0, and hiy hel'ore iho 
 n tlio form (d'u piihlic, 
 rtMH' enquiry. 1 took 
 freedom, and poor, I 
 
 >te. This sum enahled 
 
 istiin, whore I hoarded 
 
 mannseripl. I think 
 
 i is all the connexion, 
 
 r. either direct, or in- 
 
 e assertion that I had 
 
 WHS inlroilni'cd to Mr. 
 
 rroweil S~ from him 
 
 3 more carel'iil not to 
 
 lent. Wlio can say to 
 
 i-\g of theirs, which had 
 ' been jnstly laid at my 
 ; and jirivaio knavery 
 
 a pnhlic odice. I had 
 etters would have heeii 
 raol. The letters were 
 They had no tinsiness 
 ley aiiil send him buck 
 
 imeahle? "Uisdreid- 
 ■niality, rhii-nnery, hy- 
 Itnller, and their allien, 
 in a pnhlic tdfice, and 
 lest in these |ia),'e», who 
 nqniror; and if I have 
 ) emidov me. Becnino 
 latU of fidelity, to con- 
 
 buildin<^ where his eldest son, the seventh president of the United States, was 
 born and afterwards in a frame dwelling which he erected on or near the spot 
 which his shanty had originally occupied in the centre of the town. Mr. Van 
 Burcn was quiot, pe^ aful and good natured, but very illiterate — governor 
 Gcopfc Clinton appointed Irn a captain of militia shortly after tiio poace of 1783, 
 but ho soon resigned his conuuission, having very little taste for warlike display, 
 and no knowlecjgc of military tactics. His politics were of the right sort for 
 a tavern-keeper in a neigiiborhood inhabited by democrats and federalists — they 
 were of tiie neutral sort. He married when rather advanced in years, Mary 
 Goes otherwise Hoes, a widow lady with three children, (whose first husband's 
 name was Van Men,) a polite, well-bred, managing woman, very fond of poll- 
 tics • and as active and ambitious as her partner in life's cares was .still, con- 
 tented, dnll and harmless. They were very poor, but Mr. B. F. Butler, whoso 
 father kept a store and tavern in the same township, mentions that Mrs. Van 
 Bu.'-en was <' distinguished for her amiable disposition, her exemplary piety, and 
 more than ordinary sagacity." She lived to see one of her sons a member of 
 Con "TOSS, and another of them a state senator and attorney general of' New 
 
 York. 
 
 Abraham Van Burcn, his wife, and her former husband, Mr. Van Alon, were 
 all of Dutch descent — Butler says that her maiden name. Goes, " will be recog- 
 nl/.od as a name of distinction by those who are familiar with the history of the 
 Nctlicrlands," which I am not. 
 
 Martin, the eldest son of Abraham Van Buren and his wife, Mary Goes, or 
 Hoes, was born in the village of Kinderhook, on the 5th of December, 1782 — 
 his younger brothers are Lawrence, a farmer, also of Kinderhook, and Abra- 
 ham now, I believe postmaster there, but formerly a lawyer at Hudson. There 
 were also two sisters, one of whom married Mr. Barent Hoes. 
 
 The early life of Martin Van Buren was passed in his father's tavern. He 
 received liis education at the village school ; and even that was cut short before 
 he had completed his fourteenth year. In 1796, he was sent to the office of Mr. 
 Francis Sylvester, a lawyer of his native village, to acquire the art or practice 
 of an attorney, and as he had not had the advantages of a collegiate education, 
 the statute, required him to study the technical, diffuse, and tedious forms of 
 English legal practice for seven long years, previous to an examination as to hh 
 qualifications to be admitted to act as an attorney in the law courts, and several 
 years more before attaining the rank of a counsellor at law. 
 
 After remaining several years with Sylvester, Van Buren was taken into the 
 law office of William P. Van Ness, at New York. Mr. Van Ness was from 
 Columbia county, the steady friend and associate of Aaron Burr, and an astute 
 caustic, well-informed politician. He wrote a powerful pamphlet against De 
 AVitt Clinton and Ambrose Spencer, under the signature of " Aristides; " and 
 Van Buren has been often accused of betraying to Judge Spencer or Mr. Clinton 
 the author's name. This charge is doubtless unjust, though M, M. Noah reiter- 
 ated it publicly after the judge had unequivocally pronounced it false. 
 
 Through Mr. Van Ness, and, probably at his father's tavern, when he was 
 on visits at General Van Ness's, Van Buren became acquainted with Vice-Presi- 
 dent Burr, who (says Holland or rather Butler,) was led " to treat him with 
 marked attontinn, and to make every reasonable effort to secure his favorable 
 regard." In November, 1803, at the age of nearly twenty-one, Van Buren 
 was admitted as an attorney of the Supreme Court, New York, and began busi- 
 ness at Kinderhook under the firm of Van Buren & Miller ; his law partner 
 being a son of Stephen Miller, and both of them what was called < republi- 
 cans.' 
 
 •| 
 
 m 
 
 
 .. ■v-'V ■'' 
 
 ■■'■vl; 
 
 ■;m 
 
i 
 
 30 VAN BUREn's MATIKTAGE, EOTCATION, AND FAMin' CONNEXIONS. 
 
 Van Bm-pn, soon after this, paid his addrcssRs to Miss Hannah Iloes — Miss 
 Hannah's biothor, Barent, was courting one of Van Biiron's sistprsat thp same 
 time. Botli marriages took place. Mrs. Van Biiren is dpsci'ihetl as having 
 been a kind, umiai)le, sweet-tempered woman, and tlio connexion was a liappy 
 one while it lasted. Van Buren proved himself an adoctionaie husband — was 
 stronirly attaclicd to his wife — sincerely lamented her dcatli, wliic!) took place 
 in 1818, of consumption ; and has remained a widower for the last twenty-eight 
 years. 
 
 Of their family of four sons, the most remarkable is John Van Buren, now 
 Attorney General of N. Y. State, who married a daiijihtor of .Iiidifp James 
 Vanderjjoel of Kinderhook, and is now a widower. .lames i\I. French, of the 
 Albany Atlas, married her sister. 'Vrijrhtand Van Buren's friends tried to elect 
 his partner, Cassirly, State Printer, and thus keep that lucrative branch of the 
 revtnue in the family or among its dependants. The eldest son, Aljraham Van 
 Buren, married a daugfiter of Colonel Singleton, a wealthy planter of South 
 Carolina, and is a brother-in-law of Senator McDuflfi':!. Anrlrew Stevenson 
 of Va. is the lady's uncle. The third pon, Siniih Thompson Van Bure'i, mar- 
 ried a duugliter of the late William .Tamos, a ricli citi/.r-n of Ali)any, Mer 
 sister is the wife of Robert E. Temple, a son of Judge Temple of Vermont, 
 whom Gov'r. Wright has appointed to the olHce of Adjutant General of the 
 Militia. The fourth son is Martin Van Buren, so named after his father. 
 
 CHAPTER V . 
 
 Van Bvren's early hahils. The importance fo Sociely nf a judic/oii.'i Educadon. 
 James I. Van Akn. State of Parlies in N. Y. Clinton ami Spencer. The 
 Embargo of 1807-8. The Surrogates of Coliimhia countij. Van Biiren\s course, 
 as a partisan. Aristides. 
 
 Martin Van Buren the elder, was a shrewd, cunning, clever boy — very 
 fond of betting, gambling and card playing — a first rate pleader for a 
 small fee, in cases tried before a justice of the peace — very persevering in 
 such branches of study as he found to be particularly useful — good at trading 
 horses and making bargains — and endeavored to give souk! consideration to 
 that brancli of the science of morals railed politics at a very early age, at the 
 tavern. Dr. Holland mentions, that during Van Buren's boy'iood, Kinderliook 
 was a litigious, quarrelsome place, where '• party politics raged violently, and 
 frequently disturljod the peaceful I'clations of neighbors whose real interests 
 were not in conflict with each otiier," and " the llieatre of incessant litigation 
 and judicial combat, especially in the local courts."' A gentleman who remem- 
 bers him from his infanc}-, tells me that his common conversation in early life 
 far more resembled the style of his son .Tolm's epistles to Jesse Hoyt, tlian those 
 of his student Benjamin Butler, dated from Sandy Mill. 
 
 IIow important is useful knowledge, not only to the person taught, but to the 
 community, to his country, and the world ! With young Van Buren's talent;', 
 energetic character, and ambition to raise himself to riches and distinction, 
 what advantages might not his country have derived from his exertions, had his 
 education been judicious and liberal — had he reccvied that instruction which 
 forms the mind, elevates the soul, directs the judgment, gives a zest to the finest 
 feelings of humanity, enables native talent and genius to enlist under the ban- 
 ners of virtue, and sends forth into society men of patriotism and love of truth, 
 whose souls are filled with generous anticipations of improving the condition 
 and increasing the social comforts of mankind ! Jefi*erson, Clinton and Lafay- 
 ette, tho' reared in alHuence. struggled through life to increa:>e the public stock 
 
 of usefu 
 they died 
 — he has 
 families, 
 honors ai 
 public lif 
 Ness, a 1 
 Hudson 8 
 the villaji 
 cases of c 
 ticians, g 
 office of a 
 of Englis 
 succedinn 
 jury to hi 
 Van Bi 
 Nov. 180 
 in the sup 
 nership w 
 self, had 
 elected a 
 Butler, ai 
 the Hudso 
 as a rcput) 
 - call the/e 
 influence < 
 (says the '. 
 varying b( 
 federal ca 
 In 1800 
 the united 
 wards tem 
 ally by his 
 with the L 
 and W. FI 
 its passage 
 City of Ne 
 rican Citit 
 Spencer p 
 congress f 
 Assembly 
 Veeder, a 
 opponents 
 with appo 
 Miller to 
 Court. V 
 In the c( 
 in favor of 
 In 1810 
 )nond tells 
 Van Burer 
 I'ogate bef 
 duties, tho 
 
IONS. 
 
 \h lines — Miss 
 Pi-sat tlip Slime 
 il)pil as having 
 111 was a liappy 
 husband — was 
 hicii look place 
 )st twenty. eight 
 
 an Rurcn, now 
 if .hul<fo James 
 
 Vrenoli, of the 
 ids tried lo elect 
 hianch of the 
 , Aljraham Van 
 >lanter of South 
 Irew Stevenson 
 an Hurnn, mar- 
 ■ AUiany. Her 
 Die of Verniont, 
 
 General of the 
 
 his father. 
 
 Cfoiis Education. 
 I Spencer. The 
 n Burcn's course 
 
 ever boy — very 
 pleader for a 
 y persevering in 
 -p;ood at trading 
 consideration to 
 arly aire, at the 
 lood, Kiiiderhook 
 ed violently, and 
 )se real interests 
 :essant litigation 
 man wlio remem- 
 ,tion in early life 
 lloyt, tlian those 
 
 iaiiijht, but to the 
 
 1 Burcn's talenlt-', 
 
 and distinction, 
 
 xerlions, had his 
 
 instruction which 
 
 I zf'st to the finest 
 
 it under the ban- 
 
 and love of truth, 
 
 ing the condition 
 
 inton and Lafay- 
 
 e the public stock 
 
 VAN BUREN PLEADS LAW AND BECOMES A POLITICIAN. 
 
 21 
 
 of useful ktiowlcdge, and knock ofT the fetters which bind the millions; and 
 they died poor — wealth and hi'^h station have been Mr. Van Buren's great aim 
 
 he has been President of the Republic, his children are married into rich 
 
 families, and, he himself is the owner of largo possessions, and covered with 
 honors and distinction. He enjoys the comfort of a temporary retirement from 
 public life in one of his country seats, once the family mansion of General Van 
 Ness, a lovely spot within view of his birth place, and ne.ir to the banks of the 
 Hudson and the base of the lofty Catskill. Education, such as he received at 
 ' the village school, in the tavern of his father, among the petty quarrels and 
 i cases of crime tried before the country souires, among noisy and brawling poli- 
 ticians, gamblers, and horse jockies of Kinderhook and its environs, and in the 
 ofHce of a well meaning country attorney, tied down to the apocryphal practice 
 of Enclish law, laid the foundation of his fortunes ; and we shall enquire, in 
 succeding chapters how far his elevation to power has been a benefit or an in- 
 jury to his country. 
 
 Van Buren had been licensed to pnictiso as an attorney in the state courts in 
 Nov, 1803 — next year he was admitted to practise as attorney and counsellor 
 in the supreme court. Sometime in 1805 or 1806 he entered into a law part- 
 nership with his half-brother James I. Van Alen, who was much older than him- 
 self, had been educated for the law, was in good practice, and in May 1806, 
 elected a member of the tenth congress, which met in December, 1807. Mr. 
 Butler, and Dr. Holland describe Van Alen as a high toned frderalis( f while 
 the Hudson Bee, and the Republican Watch Tower (May {), 180fi) name him 
 as a republican, opposing the ex-chancellor, R. R. Livingston, and what they 
 '* call iho federal influence. " In spite of the almost all-pervading and all-potent 
 influence of the Merchants' Bank and the intrigues of Governer Lewis's party 
 ' (says the Bee,) the rcpuhlicann of this county have pre^-ented a sound and un- 
 varying body." Who could understand from this that Van Alen had been the 
 , federal candidate ? 
 
 In 1800, the great federal party in the state of N. Y. were overthrown by 
 the united eilbrts of the Clintons, Livingstons and Aaron Burr; Burr was after- 
 wards temporarily prostrated by the Clintons and Livingstons, and more etfectu- 
 ally by hisduel with Colonel Ilamilion — shortly after this the Clintons quarreled 
 with the Livingstons and overcame them. Van Buren took sides witli the Clintons 
 and W. H. Crawford of Georgia, against JefTorson's embargo act. Soon after 
 its passage by congress, De W^itt Clinton presided at a public meeting in the 
 City of New York, by which it was condemned ; and Cheetham, in The Ame- 
 rican Citizen, the Clintoiiian paper, steadily denounced it. The Clinton and 
 Spencer party influence made Daniel D. Tompkins, who was a member of 
 congress for that city. Governor of the state ; and having a majority in the 
 Assembly of the state, elected in Feb. 1803, Benjamin Coe, P. C. Adams, John 
 Veeder, and Nathan Smith, as a council of appointment, to remove political 
 opponents from office and choose friends to fill vacancies. This council forth- 
 with appointed De Witt Clinton to the mayoralty of New York, Sylvanus 
 Miller to be surrogate there, and Joseph C. Yates a judge of the Supreme 
 Court. Van Buren's reward was the oflice cf surrogate of Columbia County. 
 
 In the course of the year, (1808,) Clinton and Crawford, changed their minds 
 in favor of the embargo, having given the question a more careful consideration. 
 
 In 1810, a federal council came into pov/er at Albany, but, tho' (as Ham- 
 mond tells us) sheriffs and surrogates " wore generally made to feel its power," 
 Van Buren held on quietly. James I. Van Alen, his half-brother, was the sur- 
 rogate before him — making laws at Washington, and performing judicial 
 •iuiies, tho' the deputy of a deputy, on the banks of the Hudson — Van Buren got 
 
 i 
 
 ,■•■1 
 
 
 if 
 
 
 'Kv. 
 
k 
 
 22 
 
 VAN ALEN, ARISTIDfiS, SOtJTHWlCK 4: VAN BUREN. UANKl.NG. 
 
 II- 
 
 '',>'■ 
 
 E' 
 
 I 
 
 Ins place, March 20, 1808 — and in 1813, wlion ho was safuly seated in the 
 Senate, the federalists restored the surrogate's office to Van Aim. In the 
 struggles of faction, brothers of the samo family, and law-partncrs of the same 
 firm, often took opposite sides, and, like V. B. and \^ A. played intj each 
 other's hands. It was said not lonjr since of the Ijrotiicrs Wetmore of New 
 York, that, like two buckets in a well, when one was <lown the other was up ; 
 one of tliem at least was sure to ho in the majority of the hour and in office. 
 There are many such cases. My reference to pai^e 190, note first, it will bo 
 seen that, tho' Van Alen, the federalist, did not hold on continually, his brother, 
 Martin, the democrat, hastened to put him back into the surrofrnto's in 1821, 
 throwing in the office of assistant county judge, with its emoluments, for his 
 further acconmiodalion ; both of which places, I believe, he held on to, besides 
 his legal practice, till the day of his death. 
 
 M. M. Noah and others have insinuated that Van Buren went over to gover- 
 nor Lewis and the Livingstons in IHOI, when twenty-one years old, in conse- 
 quence of a (juarrel with VV. 1\ Van Ness, arising out of the secret disclosure 
 of that gentleman's authorship of 'Aristidos' — but as .Fudge Spencer has stated 
 that this charge of a betrayal of confidence has no foundation, we are bound 
 wholly to discredit it. In 1807, as Butler and Holland inform us. Van Buren 
 was no longer found under the Livingston standard — ho supported Daniel D. 
 Tompkins, who was Governor Lewis's opponent — and again in 1810. From 
 1808 to 1812 he was a thorough-going Clintonian, and delivered a strong and 
 energetic address in favor of Clinton as President, in opposition to Madison, in 
 November, 1812, in the legislative caucus at Albany. Solomon Southwick 
 and Martin Van Buren were sworn friends in politics from 1804 to 1813. They 
 went for Lewis in 1804 — for Tompkins, against Lewis in 1807 — for Tompkins 
 in 1810 — and for entangling Do Witt Clinton in their toils — to put down Madison 
 in 1812. In Southwick's remarkable letter to me [page 2H3,] on Van Buren, 
 he gives a death bed version as it were of Van Burcn's true character, as he 
 liad ascertained it from a personal intimacy of many years. The reader may 
 judge from the facts given in this volume whether his strictures are warranted. 
 
 CHAPTER VI 
 
 Van Bureii's experience on N. Y. hanking. lie lobbies for a charter to the Bank 
 of Hudson. Van Buren, his hrolhcr-in-Iaw, Cantine, and W. P. Van Ness 
 become directors of that bank. It explodes — a total wreck. Van Ness upon 
 Society. Madison gives him a U. S. judgeship. His manner of guarding the 
 court monies. Theron Rudd. Van Buren's unconquerable dislike to bank 
 shares. 
 
 Van Buren is, and always has been, a studious, enquiring, observing man. 
 In his early days the principles of banking and paper currency were discussed in 
 Congress, in tho State Legislatures, by the press, and in private circles, with 
 the utmost earnestness ; and that class of instructive facts which were exhibited 
 in the state banks' suspension of 1837, were in active operation before his eyes, 
 during the stoppage of cash payments in 1814 and 1815 : he was as well 
 aware, in 1829, when he recommended a chain of safety (! ! !) fund banlts, 
 and in 1834, when he placed them in a state of dependance on the federal ex- 
 ecutive, that the result would be a general bankruptcy, as, when, in 1839, he 
 echoed the impotent threats of the Hermitage against the deceptions of their 
 presidents, directors and officers. With Van Buren there had been no duplicity ; 
 he understood and anticipated every move they made. This fact will become 
 apparent to the impartial and attentive reader. 
 
 In 180 
 
 the charl 
 
 due time 
 
 Moses I. 
 
 wards stt 
 
 who had 
 
 monies, i 
 
 William 
 
 late colle 
 
 dent of tl 
 
 structor c 
 
 When Vi 
 
 board ; b 
 
 charter, i 
 
 1823, it < 
 
 tho scree 
 
 .sembly a 
 
 which re| 
 
 that on lo 
 
 had come 
 
 ous and 
 
 which the 
 
 down fror 
 
 and tho p 
 
 constituen 
 
 A few I 
 
 Van Nes.' 
 
 quest of t 
 
 of society 
 
 " Althnufj 
 wiiicli distil 
 l)U|)iis, and ; 
 iiiiwt congei 
 spring of dt 
 luxuriance t 
 ject, will ev 
 ill every thit 
 iiiissiuu of ( 
 detection, ai 
 desii;ning m 
 consummnti 
 '-•xhibit spec 
 iilinoat hallU 
 us, since oui 
 intoxicated ( 
 ilmt these at 
 most prospu 
 piring spirit 
 
 Wm. P 
 
 District Ji 
 clerk, and 
 judge, tur 
 not desirin 
 and gave 
 in charge 
 him to pa; 
 the cash v 
 
IKl.NG. 
 
 ly seated in tl'e 
 \ Alcii. In the 
 icrs of the same 
 aycil int) nach 
 etiTiorc of Now 
 e other was up ; 
 jr and in olTico. 
 > first, it will bo 
 illy, his brother, 
 ■op;ato's in 1R21, 
 luments, for his 
 •Id on to, besides 
 
 nt ovor to gover- 
 rs old, in conse- 
 socrct disclosure 
 )encor has stated 
 1, we are bound 
 n us, Van Buren 
 lorled Daniel D. 
 in 1810. From 
 red a strong and 
 II to Madison, in 
 oinon South wick 
 I to 1813. They 
 7 — for Tompkins 
 (Ut down Madison 
 ,] on Van Buren, 
 character, as he 
 The reader may 
 ;s are warranted. 
 
 arter to the Bank 
 V. P. Van Ness 
 Van Ness upon 
 •r of guarding the 
 h dislike to bank 
 
 THE HUDSON BANK. VAN NESS ON SOCIKTV. THEIJON RUOD. 
 
 23 
 
 observing man. 
 were discussed in 
 vate circles, with 
 ch wore exhibited 
 n before his eyes, 
 ; he was as well 
 !!!) fund banus, 
 in the federal ex- 
 vhen, in 1839, he 
 eceptions of their 
 jeen no duplicity ; 
 fact will become 
 
 ifli 
 
 with the lobby for 
 
 In 1808, Van Buren went to Albany to use his mlluence 
 the chartering of the Bank of Hudson ; the application was successful, and in 
 due time he became a director and prosecuting attorney for the institution. 
 Moses I. Cantine, his brother-in-law, a state senator of his politics, and after- 
 wards state printer, was one of the directors on the part of the people of N. Y., 
 who had a share of the management, held stock, deposited part of the public 
 monies, in this bank, and elected two directors, through the State Legislature. 
 William P. Van Ness, the friend of Burr, the brother of Cornelius P. Van Nes.s, 
 late collector of customs, New York, and of General John P. Van Ness, Presi- 
 dent of the Bank of the Metropolis, Washington, and who had been a legal in- 
 structor of Van Buren, was one of his associates at the board of direction. 
 When Van Buren left Hudson for Albany he gave up his seat at the discount 
 board ; but as Attorney General it remained under his supervision, through its 
 charter, and as being a state institution, and for years paying no specie. In 
 1823, it exploded, but Van Buren had sold out his stock; having been behind 
 the screen, he was well aware how matters were going. The Ilouse of As- 
 sembly appointed a committee to enquire into the ailairs of the Hudson Bank, 
 which reported on the third of February, that year, [see Assembly's Journal,] 
 that on looking into its management, going back " many years," the facts which 
 iiad come under their observation "disclose a scene of wild speculation, ruin- 
 ous and improvident management on the part of many of its officers," by 
 which the stock-holders lost their stock, the bill-holders their bills, which went 
 down from being worth five to six cents per dollar, to nothing; and Van Buren 
 and the public gained some experience — he in safcty-fund banking, and his 
 constituents in its results. 
 
 A few months after Van Buren removed to Hudson, his friend. Judge (W. P.) 
 Van Ness, then of Columbia county, delivered an able charge to the grand-in- 
 quest of that county, there, wherein ho took occasion to describe the condition 
 of society as follows : 
 
 " Although we liave not quite attained the skill and hardihood in the perpetration of crimes 
 wlilcli distinguishes tiie nations of the old world, wc may claim all thn merit of most hopeful 
 pu|)ils, and successful iiiiitiitors. All the evil propensities of foreign growth have here found a 
 most congenial soil. That species of protligucy, vv'hich has hitherto been believed to be the off. 
 spring of deep national, and individual degeneracy, seems to flourish here, with a poisonous 
 luxuriance that overshadows and blasts every virtuous principle. A little attention to this sub- 
 ject, will evince to you that in these days of speculation and refinement, mankind is improving 
 in every thing but virtue. That his ingenuity is exerted with great success, in the skilful com- 
 mission of crimes, and in the practice of devices infinitely various, for the purpose of eluding 
 detection, and escaping the penalties of the law. In a simple state of manners, the artifices of 
 designing men, were less comple.v. Vice marched directly to its object. The conception and 
 con.summation of a crime rapidly succeeded each other. But now the multiplied acts of men often 
 exhibit specimens of the most skilful and accomplished villainy, which, by evasive dexterity, 
 almost batHes the usual meihods of scrutiny aiul detection. The wealth that has poured in upon 
 us, since our national birth, and the reputation we have established, has exalted our pride, and 
 intoxicated our vanity, with the hopes of uninterrupted prosperity. IJut it should be remembered, 
 that these advantages in a national us well as private view, arc frail and evanescent, aud that the 
 most prosjjurous periods arc not uiifrc(iuently selected by the wisdom of God to chastise the as- 
 piring spirit of a people." 
 
 Wm. P. Van Ness was soon after appointed by Mr. Madison, to the office of 
 District Judge at New York ; and in 1812, he removed Charles Clinton the 
 clerk, and appointed Theron Rudd in his stead. Mr. Talmadge, the circuit 
 judge, turned ofT Iludd and appointed John C. Spencer's uncle, Philip, Clinton 
 not desiring a reappointment. In August,l813, Mr. Van Ne.ss put out Spencer 
 and gave Rudd the clerk's place again. It wasRudd's duty to keep the money 
 in charge of the court, in a bank designated to hiin, and a rule of court forbade 
 liiin to pay out or remove any of it without the judge's order, stating to whom 
 the cash was to be paid, aud why. Judge Van Ness repealed the rule. Ano- 
 
 ■ -.■- }. 
 
 "i.-' V, ; 
 
 /■■>:,- •; 
 
 
 ^"•Vi!^ 
 
 ■■'■;'i '■' 
 
34 
 
 A UKFALCATIOX. VAN BUREN AND THE FINANCIERS OF 1808. 
 
 ther rule of court which subjected Rudfl's account of cash on hand, to two half 
 yearly inspections hy the judge and district attorney, the judge amended 
 l)y leaving out the district attorney's name, but never after enquired info Rudd's 
 Hnancial operations. The law required Van Ness to take bonds and security 
 tor the faithful pertbrmance of his duties, but he omitted it when ho reappointed 
 him. In Fob. 1817, lludd had about $1.'30,()00 in his hands belonging to sui- 
 tors in Van Ness's court, and suspicion having arisen a committee of congress 
 examined the judge, who went to VVashington and told a committee of the Sen- 
 ate that tl:e cash in charge of his court was perfectly safe in "the Midrlle Dis- 
 trict Bank," nortii of the highlands, and that his clerk, Rudd, was " every way 
 responsible under his bond." The clerk had given no bond — the judge had 
 made no enquiry about the money for several years. .Judge Van Ness tried 
 in vain to prevent congress from passing a law requiring ' court monies' to be 
 paid into bank, and all payments by them to be by the judge's order. In June, 
 1817, an order for the attachment of Rudd was issued — he was put in prison — 
 let out again — and finally a committee of congress, April 10, 1818, announced 
 that 8117,397 of the public money " were unaccounted for by Theroki Rudd, 
 and that they have been most grossly and nefariously purloined." No law 
 was then passed to punish further peculation; and, when, in July, 1840, a 
 penal enactment found its way into the sub-treasury bill. Judge Betts, the suc- 
 cessor of Van Ness, discovered that it would not apply to Jesse Hoyt's case. 
 Rudd was a groat admirer of Van Burnn — upheld his administration powerful- 
 ly, as editor of the New Kra — went for the sub-treasury — and, like Price, 
 Swartwout, Gouverneur and Iloyt, probably expended a fair share of the 'court 
 monies' in manufacturing public opinion, to serve party leaders, at Tammany 
 Hall, Texas, or elsewhere. 
 
 Judge Van Ness's practice, thro' his clerk, Rudd, aflbrded an apt illustration 
 of his theory of society, above quoted. Altho' the conmiittee of congress blnined 
 his remissness, they had no reason to believe that he reeeived a dollar of the 
 missing treasure. He died in 18'J4, anything but wealthy — and the beautiful 
 lands and mansion of his family were purchased, and are now occupied by his 
 ancient pupil, Van Burcn. 
 
 Van Buren's official biographer, Holland, tells us, page S03, " that he has 
 wholly abstained from becoming the owner of any bank stock, or taking any 
 interest in any company incorporated by the legislature of New York, since the 
 period of his entrance into the Senate of that state in 1812 ;" all which is as 
 true, but not more so, than O'Sullivan's assertion in his lite of B. F. Butler, 
 Van Buren's law-partner, that he left the Wi "--ngton and Warren Bank, in 
 good condition, paying every body specie. Van Buren was not only interested 
 in banks, but was one of the most active managers of the very worst of them, 
 in 1814, that at Hudson. * 
 
 * In 18()8, tlieleffisliitiiretif New York pas^c■(^ an act to leiul certain olasses of tho citizens a sum ut* money for their 
 relief. Mr. Van Riiren's friend, agent, nnil admirer, Mordecvi M. Noah, gives tlio fallowing brief history of it in 
 (Ae.V. y. Keening t<tar of August 1, 1834 : 
 
 "The chiirlerK of the Hank of New York, the Dank of Albany, the Karnle^^' Hank of Truyandthe Rank of Col- 
 umbia, were about ex|iiririg, and they hud all applied for the e.xtension of their rhnrter^i. The* fonuiicrcial rnndition 
 nf the country and \U currency, was at that time under great embarras<!ment, resulting from the then embargo, and 
 other restrictions Imposed by the General Government on all the mercantile business of the nation, &c. The members 
 from the counties (otlicr than those where the banks mentioned were located) complained that these franchises and 
 grant< were partial In their o|>eration, and that their constituents were also laboring under great dilficulties. which 
 could not, and would not be lessened or relieved by the renewal of the bank charters To obviate this alleged nanialily 
 the loan of lt(Od was adopted. The bdl regulating this loan was drawn by the then Attorney General, and a mem 
 ber of Assembly from this city. There is another fact which occurred at that time, the incornoration of the Bank 
 of Hudson. Martin Van Huron was in .Vlhany during the sessiim of 18(W. a lobbij mtmbrr for the chartering of Mat 
 bank. He was a warm advocate for the recharUrinff of the others, and co oiiernting with those who supported 
 them. He was a busy Inbby mttniber for the renewal of the bank charters, and tor the Hudson Bank, in which net 
 of incorporation (we thinli) he was named as a director. He wa^ a director of that institution for a nnmlier o, 
 yean," 
 
 oj 
 
 i 
 
1808. 
 
 VAN BUREN WEARING HIS HARD MONEY FACB. THE BANK OF AMERICA. 25 
 
 land, to two half 
 juflge amended 
 I i reel into Rudd's 
 ids and security 
 n he reappointed 
 belonging to sui- 
 ittoe of conjjress 
 littee of the Sen- 
 'the Midflle Dis- 
 vas " every way 
 1 — the judjje had 
 Van Ness tried 
 irt monies' to be 
 order. In June, 
 i put in prison — 
 1818, announced 
 y Theroii Rudd, 
 ined." No law 
 in July, 1840, a 
 :o Belts, the sue- 
 se Hoyt's case. 
 ;ratioii powerful- 
 •and, like Price, 
 are of the ' court 
 rs, at Tammany 
 
 inapt illustration 
 congress blntned 
 ;d u dollar of the 
 nd the beautiful 
 occupied by his 
 
 :)3, " that he has 
 k, or taking any 
 V York, since the 
 ' all which is as 
 of B. F. Butler, 
 V^arren Bank, in 
 It only interested 
 y worst of them, 
 
 I '<iim uf money for their 
 ng brief histury of it in 
 
 My iirij the Riitik of Col- 
 fiti coiiiiiicrcinl ronilitioii 
 n the then emiiargo. anil 
 iitton, &.C. The members 
 :hiit these frnnchises and 
 »reat illlficnltiea, wliivh 
 iit4ithisiillegeil iittrtiiility 
 cy GenernI, unii ti mem 
 Rurnorntjon of the Biink 
 iir tlie chartering of Mat 
 ith those who supported 
 Ison Bunk, in which net 
 Itntinn for annml)«ru, 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Van Bnren sets up aji an enemy to Chartered Banks! The Bank of America, 
 or Six Million Bank. Tompkins opposes it, and describes the datigers of the 
 N. Y. banking system. Houthwirk and the friends of tlie bank support Van 
 Buren in 1812 for the Senate. General Root, .James W. Wilkin, Ambrose 
 and J. C. Spencer, and Samuel Campbell sustain Tompkins. The Common 
 Schools cheated out of the Bank Bonus. Judge W. IV. Van Ntst's bribe. The 
 Merchants' Bank Charter, 1805. 
 
 When Van Buren was a candidate for the Vice Presidency, a sketch of his 
 life appeared in the Albany Argus, and afterwards in paniplilct form, bv B. 
 F. Butler. When in ISiJo, he was put forward for the oflice of President, But. 
 ler's pamphlet was enlarged into a duodecimo; Dr. Holland was the repu- 
 ted author, but Butler compiled the more important parts. Blair's Globe, the 
 Argus, nnd other prints under Van Buieii's control, warranted the narrative to 
 be authentic, and I llicrtjfore quote it as Van Hui-en's own version of his history 
 and principles. In page HOI, it tolls us, that " Of all inventions which have 
 been put in operation, in tin's country, to promote the inordinate accumulation 
 of wealth, the most exceptionable are incorporated companies; and the worst 
 of all incorporated companios are banks." In page 40, it assures us, that, in 
 the days of Washington, *• tlic leath'ng doctrines of the democratic party wero 
 * * * * no privileges to particular sections of the country or to parti- 
 cular classes of the community — no monopolies, trading companie;^, or gover- 
 mental banks" — while "the doctrines of the anti-republican party were similar 
 to those of the present day. They were for a splendid, consolidated govern- 
 ment, suri'ORTEu HY A National Bank, a\i» Tiicvolvinu aboitt ax intriguing 
 AND coKKUi'TiNt; TREASURY." In page 'MYi, it denounces " incorporated banks," 
 and a paper currency ; remarking, that " it may be reasonably doubted whether 
 the whole [banking] system, from beginning to end, is not an infraction of the 
 constitution. It is, at least, an evasion of its plain provisions, pernicious in its 
 influence upon industry antl morals, and meriting the firm resistance of all true 
 lovers of equal rights." 
 
 When, in 1811, Geoi-ge Clinton's casting vote in the United States Senate, 
 closed the career of the first national bank, its friends pursued very nearly the 
 same course which the directors of the second national bank followed, when 
 Jackson's veto prevented a renewal of its charter. They endeavored to incor- 
 porate it as a state institution; and as Pennsylvania was opposed to them, and 
 her legislature refused them a state charter, by a vote of fiij to •22, they came 
 to Albany, and thro' persuasion, influence, interest, and I regret to add, bribery, 
 obtained majorities in both branches of the legislature, for chartering "the 
 Bank of America," witii u capital of six millions of dollars. Holland, page 
 304, tells us that " In the spring of 1812, Governor Tompkins prorogued the 
 legislature, to prevent the passage of the charter for the bank ; and Mr. Van 
 Buren yielded this energetic, but necessary, exercise of power, his tirmest sup- 
 port." This may be true, for Van Huron's opponent, !'». P. Livingston, was a 
 thorough Bank man — yet I perceive that Solomon Southwick, State Printer, 
 President of the Farmers and Mecluinics' Rank, Albany, who was the most ultra 
 advocate of" the Bank of America" in the Union, and employed by its projectors 
 to travel over the state in 1811, and enlist recruits and manufacture public opin- 
 ion for its use, and who had become deadly hostile to Tompkins, earnestly urg- 
 ed the people to choose Van Buren p.s a Senator; this he did in April, 1812, 
 only a month before the bank bill passed into a law in spite of Tompkins and 
 the war party. These were his words: 
 
 v:.iv., 
 
 
 -! 
 
 i 
 
 
 ; ■.■; )! 
 
f - 
 
 I; - 
 
 •i 
 
 "■I 
 
 36 
 
 SOIJTHWICK is TWO CHARACTERS OF VAN BUREN. 
 
 |u 
 
 "Albany llofristor, April, 1812. — Middle Distuict — for Senator, MARTIN 
 VAN DUilExN. Til the Middlo District, WE REJOICE in the nomination 
 of MR. VAN BUREN— WE HAVE LONG KNOWN AND ESTEEMED 
 HIM. He possesses genius, intell'gence, and eloquence — has long been one 
 of the firmest pro])s of the Republican interest ; and with a spirit which will 
 not bend to servility or sycophancy, cannot fail to become a distinguished and 
 useful member of the Senate. Attempts arc now making to divide the party 
 on a (juestion which has no connexion with it. We allude to the bank question. 
 Attempts are said to have been made to corrupt certain members, but without 
 success ; and surely an unsuccessful attempt to corrupt ONE member who 
 voted against the bill, is not to be admitted as proof, nor ought it to give birth 
 even to a suspicion, that another who voted for it had been corrupted." 
 
 Van Buren, was elected — the six million bank bill became a law — and on 
 the eighth of December, 18H8, Mr. Southwick wrote me as follows: 
 
 " I hope, my dear sir, that you arc now convinced of what I told you in 
 August last, that Van Buren was heartless, hypocritical, selfish and unprincipled. 
 He is the tool or slave of a foul heart and a false ambition, and never possessed 
 a particle of true greatness. T speak not from prejudice — I know him inti- 
 mately— VERY INTIMATELY FOR SEVENTEEN YEARS, and never 
 knew him to act from a noble and dis'iiterested motive; always full of low 
 cunning, dark intrigue, and base selfishiiess."' 
 
 He died soon after, and the Albany Argus, and Evening Journal, thus do- 
 scribed him : " He was among the most ardent, generous, warm-hearted men 
 that ever lived. He was in his manners, feelings and sentiments, a republican. 
 Oppression and tyranny found in him an enthusiastic and fearless ojjponent." 
 Hammond speaks of him in the same strain. 
 
 In less than three months from the time when Southwick took the field for 
 Van Buren, as above, namely in July, 181:J, John C. Spencer, in the Ontario 
 Messenger, remarked, that, " next to the toi-ics, we think apostate republican 
 editors deserve to be marked and known. Tiie first whose name is entitled to 
 be enrolled on this list is Solomon Southwick."' 
 
 The memorial of Cornelius Ray and otiiers, read in Senate, February 15, 
 1812, set forth, that the trustees of the late Bank of the Hnited States' hacl 
 accumulated a largo sum in specie in their vaults, which they were desirous 
 to employ in the business of banking ; that of this money a considerable sum 
 was owned by foreigners, who could neither vote on their shares nor be dircc- 
 tors; that a jiartial revival of tlie late national bank was desired by its trustees ; 
 who wished tlic stock-holders of the late United States Bank incorporated as 
 the Phoenix I'aiik, for twenty years, witii $5,{)00, 000 of capital, whicli privilege 
 of incorporation they were ready to purchase at the expense of .$500,000 in 
 cash, to bo paid to the state, and other .$.'500,000 they would lend to the state at 
 five per cent. An additional million of stock was aft(!rwards added by the 
 legislature, which refuseil to allow New York state to hold the .$00,000 she had 
 held in the old U. S. Bank, and refused to give U. S. Hank stockholders, if 
 natives, a |H'ef(MTnce io ditto, if foreigiR«rs. The bonus or price of the charter 
 was raised to .$()00,000, ami a loan to ihe state of .$2,000,000. Of its capital, 
 .$5,000,000 were to be paid in specie at once, and it was to bo restricted to a 
 bank note circulation ecjual to its capital. No other bank oppo.sed its charter. 
 
 On the twenty-eighth of Marcii, (lovornor Toiupkins prorogued the legisla- 
 ture to tlie twenty-fir.st of May. He had no veto power. In liis speech at the 
 prorogation, he mentioned that, at the previous session, members had been tam- 
 pered with to induce the passage of the late Jersey Bank charter — and "that 
 some years since, it was ascertained beyond any reasonable doubt, that corrupt 
 iuduceinenls were held out to members of the Legislature in order to obtain 
 
 I 
 
I 
 
 GOVERNOR TOMPKINS ON N. Y. BANKING. BRIBERY TRIALS. 
 
 2T 
 
 inator, MARTIN 
 I tho nomination 
 D ESTEEMED 
 IS long been one 
 spirit which will 
 listinguished and 
 
 divide the party 
 le bank question, 
 hers, but without 
 iK member who 
 It it to give birth 
 •rupted." 
 
 a law — and on 
 Hows: 
 
 hat I told you in 
 and unprincipled. 
 
 never possessed 
 
 knew him inti- 
 ARS, and never 
 ivays full of low 
 
 lournal, thus do- 
 irm-hoartod men 
 
 Its, a republican. 
 
 rlcss opponent." 
 
 took tho field for 
 r, in the Ontario 
 estate republican 
 imc is entitled to 
 
 te, February 15, 
 nited States had 
 jy were desirous 
 considerable sum 
 res nor be dircc- 
 d by its trustees ; 
 
 incorporated as 
 1, whicli privilege 
 ! of .S5()l),00() 'in 
 'ud to the state at 
 •ds added by the 
 .$00,000 she had 
 
 stockholders, if 
 ce of the charter 
 . Of its capital, 
 )o restricted to a 
 losed its charter, 
 [ued the legisla- 
 his speech at the 
 PS had been tam- 
 ,rter — and " that 
 lubt, that corrupt 
 1 order to obtain 
 
 their votes in favor of an incorporation of a banking institution [the Merchants' 
 Bank] in the city of New York ; and the very strong and general suspicion, 
 that tiie emoluments tendered were, in certain instances, accepted, inflicted a 
 deep wound upon the purity and independence of legislation. That it appeared 
 by the journals of the Assembly, that attempts have been made to corrupt, by 
 bribes, four meml)ors of that body, to vote tor the passage of the bill to incor- 
 porate the Bank of America ; and it also appeared by the journals of the Sen- 
 ate, that an improper attcnipt had been made to influence one of the Senators 
 to vote lor the bill." 
 
 Governor Tompkins, when he opened the session, on the twenty-eighth of 
 January, said, that, "not unt'rp(|uently, the prominent men who seek the incor- 
 poration of new banks, are tho very same who have deeply participated in the 
 original stock of most of the previously established banks. Having disposed 
 of that slock at a lucrative advance, and their avidity ijeing sharpened by re- 
 peated gratification, they become more importunate and vehement in every fresh 
 attempt to obtain an opportunity of renewing their speculations. If (said he) 
 we still persevere in nmlliplying banks, will there not be danger of infusing into 
 the public mind a suspicion, either that wo yield too plainly to the management 
 and pressure of external combinations, or that the uidiallowed shrine of cupidity 
 has its adorers within the very sanctuary of legislation — such a suspicion will 
 be the prelude to the (kfwnfall of republican government, for it is erected and 
 supported upon tho allections of the people at large, and upon their faith in tho 
 inviolable firmness and probity of their public agents, and when once the found- 
 ation is removed the superstructure must fall, of ccurso." 
 
 Among those who were opi)osed to lli/.f bank and approvers of the governor's 
 course, I find the names of Archibald Mclntyre, James W. Wilkin, Erastus 
 Root, John Tayler, John W. Taylor, F. A. Bloodgood, Ambrose Spencer, John 
 C. Spencer, Samuel Campbell, B. Coe, Nathan Sanford, Henry Yates, Alex- 
 ander Sheldon, and Isaac Ogden. Among the friends of the bank, were Sam- 
 ucl Jones, Jr., Ilalsey Rogers, E. P. Livingston, Morgan Lewis, Jonas Piatt, 
 and Ab'm Van Vechten. Van Buren's biographer, Holland, states, pages 86 
 and 87, that he supported Tompkins with his " utmost infuence and best talents," 
 and that the bill " did not become a law ; but owed its defeat to the firmness of 
 the governor." This is not true — the bill became a la'., in June, 1812 — Oliver 
 Wolcott was the first president — and Preserved Fish and Thcodorus Bailey, ultra 
 democrats, wore named in the act, with others, as directors tor two years. 
 
 Next year (1813) in March, the opponents of Madison came inio power in 
 the Assembly, but the senate remained democratic, so called. Of the bonus 
 agreed to be paid towards conmion schools for their charter, the Bank of Amer- 
 ica asked to have ."$300,000 returned to them — and it was done, by 10 to 9 in 
 the senate. Root and Van Buren, Bloodgood and Wilkin, being among tho nays, 
 to their credit bo it recorded. It does seem to me, that, as neither party wanted, 
 to be rid of banks — and, that, as there was as much rotteimess about ' the Man- 
 hattan' of tho Democrats as * the Merchants' of tho Federalists — the ofler of 
 the trustees of the LI. S. Bank, was, in Us way, very liberal, had it been unac- 
 com[)anied with bribery — but tho corrupting of the next year's legislature to 
 induce them to give back to the bank $300,000 of tho purchase money of the 
 monopoly, out of the common .school fund, after the baidc was afloat, through 
 wholesale corruption, was a refinement in knavery evincing talents suitable for 
 Botany Bay or Van Dieman's Land. Soutliwiek, Thomas, and others, were 
 tried for bribery, and acquitted. Judge W. W. Van Ness, of Columbia county, 
 presided at Southwick's trial, and look a brilje of 85,000 out of tho funds of 
 the bank, for his services in voting for the bill as a memi)er of the council of 
 revision (!!!) Charles King, J. A. Hamilton, and J, Verplanok, manfully stated 
 
 \: !■ 
 
 ilf*. 
 
 -;';;hi- 
 
 m^ 
 
 !'■■ ■ I'^l 
 
 'M 
 
I Hi] 
 
 I'll 
 
 i' '! 
 
 'iiji 
 
 i!'!^ 
 
 I' 
 
 'fl! 
 
 I ', 
 
 
 2S 
 
 A JtJDGE TKIED FOR BRIBERV. THKODORUS BAILEY. VAN BtTREN. 
 
 the facts in the American — General Root, in 18'20, brought the judge before the 
 legislature, where, instead of tcllin!; a plain story like a man, he appeared en- 
 trenched behind the legal quibbles of four hired lawyers, six of the committee 
 being also men of law. John Duer and Rudolph Bunner swore positively that 
 Van Ness had told them that he was entitled to the third of $20,0()it, secretly 
 appropriated by the bank for a grntvity to him, and the services of Grosvcnor 
 and VVilliams. and that he feared he would only get $5,(»()0. The receipt and 
 books of the bank were not forthcoming — the judge had the cash — but the shock 
 he got through the enquiry alTeeted his health — he died in \&ZA. Butler alludes 
 to him in letter thirty-eight of Correspondence. 
 
 I am particular in noticing the system of New York bank chartering, to show 
 how well aware Messrs. Van Buren, Cambreleng, Wright, Flagg, Dix, Young, 
 Kendall, Butler, Beardstey, Marcy, Benton, Dickenson, Lawrence, Hoyt, Allen, 
 Fish, &c., were, of what would be the results of their tampering with the cur- 
 rency from 18v»8 to 1840. 
 
 Theodorus Bailey, who was one of the most active and urgent of the lobby 
 waiters for the Bank of America, in 1812, presided at a meeting of the demo- 
 crats of New York, on the twenty-third of April, 1805, at which an address 
 was got up, signed by him. and sent through the state, denouncing the infamous 
 proceedings connected with the Merchants' liank charter. Here are extracts : 
 
 "Alas! the infliiencp of gold lias triumphrd over thn lienor and intpi-psts of our country. — It 
 is undeniable that a member of the senate endeavourrd to bribe one of his colleanjncs, and that 
 he is still permitted to degrade that honorable body by his presence. Can iLitnre contidence be 
 reposed in him? Can our lives, our liberties and foriunef:, be safely entrusted in such hands ? 
 If he was gailty, why was he not expelled 7 If hf was innocent, why was he censured by a vote 
 of the senate? When the charge of corruption was openly aimouncrfl in the Assembly, a com- 
 mittee of investigation was appointed by the Speaker, by the command and with the sanction of 
 that house. The chairman of the committee presented a report, and a majority refused to reteive 
 it { Can we believe that men, conscious of integrity, and jealous of their characters, would have 
 shrunk from evidence calculated to vindicate the innocent, and detect the guilty ? Would thetj 
 hate added to such committtr individuals fiulrject to the i^enirnl criiniiiation, knowing as theij 
 must have known, that thvi,- coiiduri rnuld In attributed In no other eaune than a determination 
 to suppress the truth ''' 
 
 " Corruption [saya Col. Uunne] was first employed in the senate hou.se, it produced the desired- 
 effect — the press proclaimed the I'act ; the senate, in con.-equence, instituted an enquiry, passed a 
 vote of censure upon the corrupted member, and yet, strange to relate, this very senate ordered 
 the printer who proclaimed the turpitude to be prosecuted, denying him the privilege of giving the 
 truth in evidence." 
 
 C TI A P T E R V I I r . 
 
 Van Buren removes /V.v /a/r ojjicr la Ilndscn, Is appointed AHorut'ij General. 
 Receives the support of the, Aiiti-Kealcrs for the State Senate. Changes his 
 residence to Albany, h removed fnuu ihn Attorney Genera/ship, and elected 
 to the United States Senate . Fifty -one higfi.mi tided Federalists join the Buck- 
 tails to put down Clinton, Clinton expose.^ " the organized rorps.'' Van 
 Buren^s early ejj'ort to eaiwert the post ojice into a machine of party hy pun- 
 ishing post-masters J or opinion's sake. 
 
 Tn the latter part of 180*^, or beginning ot' ISflO, Van Buren removed his law 
 otliee to Hudson, and coiitimied to practice in the state and county courts till 
 February, IS!-'), when he .siicceeded Abraham Van Vechten as Attorney (.!en- 
 eral of N. Y. The (.'onncil of Appointment chosen by the Assembly voted, two 
 lor Van Buren, (.lonathaii Daytf)!! and Luca.s I'llmendorff,) and two (Ruggles 
 Hubbard and Farrand Strunahan) for .lohn Wood worth, whom B. F. Butler 
 appears to have so much disliked. Governor Tompkins gave the easting vote, in 
 favor of Van Buren. In May, 1H12, Van Buren was elected Senator for the 
 Middle District — the anti-rcnlora of Columbia county, whom he frequently 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 V. BTJRK^ 
 
 harangued, i 
 
 turned the s( 
 
 ward P. Liv 
 
 for the officf^ 
 
 over 20,000 
 
 At the til 
 
 oreatly acita 
 
 reference to 
 
 Van Burt 
 
 and voted fc 
 
 and the old J 
 
 Southwick a 
 
 came a men 
 
 from Hud so 
 
 oflice of Go 
 
 in conformit 
 
 his election, 
 
 207 of Con 
 
 have been 
 
 as lieutenan 
 
 fore conveni 
 
 In .Tuly, 1 
 
 of Governoi 
 
 torney Gene 
 
 his place. 
 
 S. Senator, 
 
 legislative c 
 
 80 votes—!; 
 
 party cauci 
 
 members of 
 
 private pat 
 
 majority, ci 
 
 and the wis 
 
 In 1819, 
 
 A. Duer, (1 
 
 his letters, 
 
 design to p 
 
 •losiah Ogd 
 
 Hamilton t 
 
 1820, decl 
 
 Monroe's a 
 
 for governr 
 
 the latter. 
 
 these fifty-i 
 
 of a goven 
 
 rily, or utt 
 
 the people 
 
 they seem 
 
 Governt 
 
 Van Bure 
 
 shows tha 
 
 with the s 
 
 ing" as ' 
 
 10i,hesa 
 
BUREN. 
 
 idge before the 
 ^ appeared en- 
 thft committee 
 positively that 
 ),0()ii, secretly 
 s of Grosvenor 
 he receipt and 
 —but the shock 
 Butler alludes 
 
 ferinrr, fo show 
 
 I, Dix, Young, 
 
 , Hoyt, Allen, 
 
 with the cur- 
 
 f of the lobby 
 of the demo- 
 ^h an address 
 g the infamous 
 ? are extracts : 
 onr country. — It 
 enijiies, nnd that 
 ire conlulence be 
 d ill siith hands ? 
 rnsuifd by a vote 
 \!=.«rml)ly, n com- 
 til the sanction of 
 Irel'iiscd to receive 
 clei-p, would have 
 y I IVotdil then 
 knowing as theij 
 I a detrrminatioii 
 
 duced the di'sired' 
 enquiry, passed a 
 ry senate ordered 
 ilege of giving the 
 
 ^rnty General. 
 Changes his 
 p, and fk'cted 
 io/'ii the. Buck, 
 ■orps.'-' Van 
 parfij hij pun. 
 
 loved his law 
 ify courts till 
 attorney (.Jen- 
 >ly voted, two 
 wo (Ruggles 
 B. F. Butler 
 isting vote, in 
 nator for the 
 c frequently 
 
 i 
 
 V. BtsntJi IN THE SENATE. HE UNITRS WITH THE FEDS TO OUST CLINTON. 29 
 
 haraniued, and the friends of Do Witt Clinton in Rockland county, having 
 turned the scale in his favor. He received 5,it.S3, votes and his opponent, Ed- 
 ward P. Livingston, whom he afterwards sfronirly recommended and supported 
 for the oflSun of lieutenant governor, got but 5,8 'O. Holland says there were 
 over 20, 000 votes polled, which I believe, was not the ca-e. 
 
 At the titne of Van Buren's election to the senate, Columbia county was 
 orreatly agitated with the anti-rent question. His conduct and proceedings with 
 reference to that agitation are noticed in a subsf^quent part of this work. 
 
 Van Buren took his seat in the senate of New York, in November, 1>^r2, 
 and voted for De Witt Clinton fur President, in opposition to James Madison 
 and the old JefTorsonian party, having been supported for tlm senate by Solomon 
 Southwick and other editors in the interest of Clinton. In March, lHi3, he be- 
 came a meiTiber of the court for the revision of errors : and in 18 6, removed 
 from Hudson to Albany, where he resided till l'!<2!), when he exchanged the 
 office of Governor of N. Y. fov that of Secretary of Sftite, at Washington, 
 in conformity with a secret understanding with General .Tackson, previous to 
 his election, as may be seen by referring lo his ictter to J. Hoyt, No. 165 page 
 207 of Correspondence, where he expresses the belief that his designs would 
 have been frustrated had the honest and conscientious Pitcher been nominated 
 as lieutenant governor, at Herkiiner, instead of that pliant, corrupt, and there- 
 fore convenient party tool, Enos T. Tbroop. 
 
 In .luly, 1819, Van Buren, who had long been the most active and untiring 
 of Governor Clinton's opponents, was removed froin the induential office of At- 
 torney Genera!, now held by his son. .fohn, and Thomas .T. Oakley appointed in 
 his place. In the session of l^'il, Van Buren was sent to Washington as U. 
 S. Senator, in the stead of Nathan Sanford, whose term had expired. In a 
 legislative caucus he got ^S votes — Sanford got 24. In the legislature he had 
 86 votes — Sanforrl, 60. It is a curious fact that but for the operation of the 
 party caucus pledge, Van Buren would have failed, a decided majority of the 
 members of the two houses being against him. By securing a majority in a 
 private party meeting, however, the minority of the party had to go with its 
 majority, contrary to their judgment, to nullify the plainest provisions of law 
 and the wishes of the whole legislative body. 
 
 In 1819, a party pniong the federalists, of whoin Charles King and William 
 A. Duer, (late president of Columbia college, N. Y., and whom .Fesse Hoyt, in 
 his letters, notices in rather an unfriendly manner,) seemed to have formed a 
 design to put down ('linfon. Fitly-one of them, including .Tames A. Hamilton, 
 .losiah Ogden Holfinan, .lohn A. King, .fames Lynch, .Tohnson Verplanck, .lohn C. 
 Hamilton and .Tohn Duer, issued an address, on the fourteenth of February, 
 1820, declaring that the federal party was at an end — that they approve of 
 Monroe's administration — that they will support Tompkins and oppose Clinton 
 for governor, though they neither object to the measures, morals, nor abilities of 
 the latter. The Albany regency, with Van Buren as their leader, united with 
 these fifty-one " high-minded '" federalists, says I lammond, "to oppose the election 
 of a governor, neither of which charged upon him a want of capacity, or integ- 
 rity, or uttered a solitary syllable against his measures."' He was sustained by 
 the people by a majority of 1457 votes, but his no-prlncipled opponents (for such 
 they seem to have been,) carried the legislature. 
 
 Governor Clinton's speech to the legislature gave great oifence lo B. F. Butler, 
 Van Buren, Hoyt, Marcy, &c. ; and his message in .January, 18'21, where he 
 shows that the orticials in the pay of the federal government were interfering 
 with the state elections, is described by the financial admircrof'- stated preach- 
 ing" as "very abusive." [See No. 47, page 167.] In his letter No. Ml, page 
 XOl, he says " Clinton is raving mad, beside being a fool" — in IdlU (see No. 2) 
 
 •', :■''?'■; 
 
 
 i ■■ ■ 
 
 \ ,. 
 
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 *i • 
 
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 t .f 
 
 L» 
 
 :i- 
 
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 "I 1 
 
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 30 
 
 THE CONVENTION OF liSi}!. VAN BUfiEN AND THE POST OFFICE. 
 
 he thought Clinton's situation was " daily becoming more desperate" — and in 
 1828 he shed orocodile tears over his grave. In Clinton's speech he intimated 
 that the otHcers ot" the U. S. government were " interfering in the state elections, 
 as an organized and disciplined corps,'* and he recommended, as ho had done 
 before, a state convention to amend the constitution, whose doings should besuU- 
 mitted to the people for their verdict. .Judge lUshoetler rc|)orted in the Assem- 
 bly a bill calling such a convention, which Clinton, disapproving of some of ils 
 provisions, vetoed in the Council of Revision, he desiring an equal representa- 
 tion and that whatever amendments might be made in convention should be sul)- 
 mitted .sepnratcJi/ to the people. A new hill next session, first referring the whole 
 matter to the electors, passed the legislature, and a third bill ordered the elec- 
 tions to take place in .luue, 1K21, and the members to assendde at Albany in 
 August. Their proceedings arc referred to at length in another i)art of this 
 volume. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Van Burcn c/crlionrrr.'i for llie Presidrjiri/ hi/ l''J/ing an unlnith. Sinreritj/ the 
 fir.sl of virlues. The old Buffalo Ban!;, hy Van Burcn, Barker, and the jiarli/. 
 " Van Burcn goes for a never-jiaijiag han'>. The Bucklail Demoeracij. Bank 
 suNpcnaions, and hard money prineiples in 1817. 
 
 Whkn Sir Walter Scott's publishers had given to the world Waverlcy, (Juy 
 Mannering, and the Antiquary, as anonymous, tiie baronet was frequently ask- 
 ed, ARK you the author? His uniform reply was, "I am not.'" lie after- 
 wards owned that he had written these books ; and in explanation of his previous 
 statement to the r^ontrary, said, " 1 considered myself like an accused person, 
 put on trial, to deny all that could not be proved against me, and refuse evidence 
 to my own conviction — in short, I felt entitled to refuse my own evidence to 
 disclose that which I wished to conceal." 
 
 Van Buren was introduced to the republic as a candidate for the presidency, 
 under the cloak of a friend, always a friend, to a sound specie currency — his 
 biographers, his political friends in congress, the presses of his party, and the 
 aspirant himself, all chaunted one chorus, and that was in praise of the " real 
 hard money man." In his letter to Sherrod Williams, Aug. S, 1836, he says : 
 
 " In the course of my eight years service in the senate of this state, a very 
 large proportion of its banking capital was incorporated, «Jtf/ the journals of 1 hat 
 
 *VVilli his message to the A^semhly, <Iov(>rnor I'linton sent mimy ilorunietits to prove an nndiie interfcreiiKo of 
 the general goveriiiiicnl witli the state elections, lie showed thai Van Unto.i, a thorough partisan ol'the men then 
 ill jiower at Wasliington, Imil aiiilressed the follDving letter to !\lr. .Meigs, just twenty-one days before the state 
 election, urging the jiosl ollicc department to remove certain postmasters, though frti of h/amc, to serve ids party, 
 and intimidate by such example, the si.v hnndred pud seventy-funr post-masters of the state — bidding Mr. JMeigs 
 remove them quickly and much good would fldlow — that is, to remove them before the election and many votes 
 would be thereby ucijuired by the candniate.', f his party. Sir. Monell nnide oath that the post-master-gonerul 
 hud been told that the gentlemen thus namci'i for removal (by Viiu Buren) were uniform republicans, and that as 
 no specific charges had been made agaiiisl them, it was evident that their removal (for they were turned out) was 
 a punishment for .su|iportiiig ('linloii for governor. The papers ^ent to the .Vssembly ecnitaincd evidence to show 
 that Uoger Skinner had not been idle at Sandy Hill. Lot (;lark, named for a post-ina.-ter by V. it., ligures after- 
 wards in the Crawford caucus of IHi!4. " \ government of iullueiii'e and corruption, (said Mr. Clinton,) is the 
 worst possible shape which u republican government can assume, because under the I'urins of freedom, it coiiibiues 
 the essence of tyranny." 
 
 Mirtin yan Buren to Henry JWci^, General P. O., Washinglm. — " .April, 4. IHOO.— .My Dear Sir : Our snflerings , 
 owing to the rascality of deputy post-masters, IS intolerable, and CIUMS aloud for relief We find it absolutely 
 impossible to penetrate the interior with our papers, and unless we can atliiin them by two or three prompt removals, 
 there is no limiting the injurious consei|iiences that may result from it ; let me, therefore, entreat the post-innstcr- 
 general to do an act of Justice, and render us a partial service, by the removal of Holt, of Herkimer, and tlio 
 appointment of .labez I'ox, Ksip— Also of Howell, of lialli, and the appointment of an excellent friend, W. 11. 
 Hochester, Ksip, a young 111:111 of the first re.ipcctabilily and worth in the stale, and the removal of Smith, at I.ittin 
 Falls, and tiie appointment of llollisler, and the removal of (Jhamberhn, In Oxford, and the appoinlmeiit of JmI 
 Clark, l'>i. I urn in extreme haste, and can, therefore, add no more. I'.se the enclosed pajiers according to your 
 discretion ; and if anvlhing is done, let it be (piickly dime, and you may rely upon it, much good will result from 
 it. Yitun afffrtionatr/ii, ' M. V. IJIJUKN. 
 
 A|iril l.'i, IH-JI). Hon. R. ,1. .Meigs, .luu'r. — Sir; From various representations which have been made to ine Ir 
 regard to tlie mal-practices of the post-master at Norwich, I uioat UurdioJIy unite with Mr. Van Uuren in recoiii- 
 ineuUiiis bis leiuuvul, oiiil the ujipuiiitiueiit uf Mr. Lut t'luik. JUllN R. UAAKI!, (M. C.) 
 
 hody idll shoit 
 
 subject. Mosi 
 
 been so dispose 
 
 WILL BE I 
 
 THE EXCE 
 
 /)/■ the war. 
 
 i'uits the more 
 
 That my vote 
 
 and should no 
 
 scribed to mi 
 
 stance as deb 
 
 This was a 
 
 of Waverley 
 
 would, in gen 
 
 beyond the p 
 
 people at elec 
 
 is not that of 
 
 cd leader.s — 
 
 general, awa 
 
 fe.ssed every ■ 
 
 (lorsed his or 
 
 To show 1 
 
 ascertained f< 
 
 on trial, and 
 
 (loubtcd. Lt 
 
 infamous to j 
 
 about to appr 
 
 natural form 
 
 as best suites 
 
 " sincerity is 
 
 tuos." Wei 
 
 America woi 
 
 hood, from 'I 
 
 The Banli 
 
 then attornej 
 
 .lacobBarke 
 
 major Cantiii 
 
 sion, made t 
 
 when cash p 
 
 required to [ 
 
 issuing notes 
 
 Jonas Wi 
 
 bank at Buf 
 
 mercial pur 
 
 the town." 
 
 A. S. Clark 
 
 in committet 
 
 rose and sta 
 
 vote for it. 
 
 thirds of th( 
 
 ant, as shev 
 
 the United ! 
 
 Hudson Bai 
 
 The bill : 
 
OFFICE. 
 
 rate" — and in 
 
 li he intimated 
 
 slate elections, 
 
 as lin had done 
 
 sliould besnl). 
 
 1 in the Asseni- 
 
 c)f some ot its 
 
 ial rf-prcsenta- 
 
 sliould i)e sni»- 
 
 lini; the whole 
 
 leied the elec- 
 
 at .\lhany in 
 
 or jiurt ol" tlii.-i 
 
 Shirenli/ the 
 
 and I he jxirh/. 
 
 ocrunj. Jianic 
 
 Vaverley, d'liy 
 iicqneiitly ask- 
 )t/' He af'ter- 
 of liisi)rovious 
 cciised person, 
 t'ofuse evidence 
 wn evidence to 
 
 the presidency, 
 currency — his 
 party, and the 
 of "the <' real 
 1836, he says : 
 is state, a very 
 iournals of that 
 
 ndiie interfcrciipe ol' 
 lisiiii ol'rhe men then 
 liiys before lliu slrvte 
 ic, to servo liis |mrty, 
 — Iiiddiiifi Mr. iMeifjs 
 (ion unil mnny votca 
 i |iost-imister(;oiierul 
 iil)lieaii9, mid lliiil its 
 .ere liirneil oiil) was 
 eil evidence to show 
 ' v. H.. ligiires al'lor- 
 Mr. Clinton,) is ilia 
 I'reedom, it combines 
 
 irSiriOursnneriiiKs, 
 \'c find it nbsoliitely 
 ree prompt removaii, 
 ■nt the post-mnster- 
 f Herkimer, uiid tlio 
 elinnt I'rioiid, \V. It, 
 il Id' Smith, fit hittin 
 iipiiointnient of JmI 
 rs aci'ordinf; to your 
 ood will result from 
 
 Rl. V. HUItKN. 
 leeii iiiiide to me ir 
 Mil Uureii ill recoiu- 
 UaAK£, (M. C.) 
 
 
 VAN BUBEn's bank PfilNCIPLKS— 1810 AND 1836. 
 
 31. 
 
 hodij loill show that I look an active, part in all the questions lohich arose upon the 
 subject. Most of the applications for banks that vere rejected, viill be found to have 
 been so disposed of on mi/ motion ; AND EVERY APPLICATION, SAVE ONE, 
 WILL BE FOUND TO HAVE MY VOTE RECOROh^.D AGAINST IT. 
 THE EXCEPTION was that of a bank eslabiished at BUFFALO at the close 
 of the war. It was established with the avowed design of enabling the inhabit- 
 ants the more speedily to rebuild the town after it had been burnt by the enemy. 
 That my vote in that particular case would be governed by that consideration, 
 and should not be construed into a departure from the course which I had pre- 
 scribed to myself, was stated in my place. The motive proved in that in- 
 stance as delusive as usual." 
 
 TliivS was as far from the truth as Scott's first assertion about the authorship 
 ofWaverley; but, doubtless, Van Buren well knew that his hard money voters 
 would, in general, read only their own party journals, and listen to no orators 
 beyond tlie pale of their sect. Party, or rather faction, is every thing. The 
 |)Coplc at elections move as armies do, under command. The mind that directs 
 is not that of tlic people, or of any great part of them, but of men who are call- 
 ed leaders — an oligarchy to all intents and purposes. Their leaders were, in 
 jrcncral, aware that Van Buren had no principles whatever — that he had pro- 
 i'csscd every thing, or anything, and been on any and every side — but they en- 
 dorsed his orthodoxy, because lie suited their purjioses, and he succeeded. 
 
 To show how necessary it is to investigate character by the use of well 
 uscertained facts, this volume is written. Van Buren and his confederates arc 
 on trial, and the testimony for their conviction shall be ample, clear, and un- 
 doubted. Let us hope that the lime fast hastens in which it will be esteemed 
 infamous to gain power and influence by false pretences. Even Lucifer, when 
 about to ajiproach the mother of mankind with falsehood on his lips, dofied his 
 natural form and garb as a fallen angel, and assumed the guise of the serpent 
 as best suited to the deceitful part he was about to act. Blair tells us that 
 '• sincerity is the basis of every virtue" — Thomson, that it is " the first of vir- 
 tues." Were it in more general use among the lawyers, priests and politicians, 
 America would again become the Eden from which tlie ellects of the first false- 
 hood, from Tophet, drove our first parents. 
 
 The Bank of Niagara at Butfalo was chartered in 181G — Van Buren was 
 then attorney-gen( il, and the bucktail leader in the state senate — his friend 
 Jacob Barker was a senator from the city of New York ; and his brother-in-law, 
 major Cantino, a senator from Columbia, Greene, &c. Van Buren, on this occa- 
 sion, made the only efibrt I ever heard of to grant a bank a charter during a time 
 when cash payments were suspended, with the condition that it should never bo 
 required to pay specie, unless when it thought fit, but might goon twenty years, 
 issuing notes, promising to pay specie, but never fulfilling that promise. 
 
 Jonas Williams and others memorialized the senate on the Gth of Feb. for a 
 bank at Buflulo, with $750,000 capital, stating that the agricultural and com- 
 mercial pursuits of the people required it, but not one word about " rebuilding 
 the town." The memorial was referred to Jacob Barker, Philetus Swift, and 
 A. S. Clark, who reported a bill chartering a bank. The bill was considered 
 in committee of the whole on the 8th of March, on which occasion Van Buren 
 rose and .stated, that its provisions met his hearty approbation, and that he .should 
 vote for it. He did .so — .so did Cantine. Barker kept below the bar. Two- 
 thirds of the senate went for the bill, which passed. Its provisions are import- 
 ant, as shewing Van Buren's views in 1816, after the state banks had suspended, 
 the United States Bank been put down, and he had had much experience as a 
 Hudson Bank director, attorney-general, ».Vc. 
 
 The bill provided, 1. That the Stockholders, none of them liable for its debts, 
 
 f 
 I' 
 
 
 ¥ ■ 
 
 
 t^i^ 
 
 •^^:■^ 
 
 '';'< 
 
 
 I ' :' 
 
 ••v'^.'^i-' 
 
 ■■■'■i> : 'i'l ' 
 
 •' '* .■'• . ■■'[', 
 '>i'-v - ; I' 
 
 
 ;? 
 
 I ■•>':•■ 
 
 
'i 
 
 92 
 
 THB OLD DANK OF BUFFALO — PAY WHEN YOtT PLEASK. 
 
 
 •I if 
 
 r 
 
 should continue to be a corporation till 1832. Even then it was planned fo have 
 all the bank monopoly charters run out as near together as possible, that the 
 powers of corruption mij^ht be invoked, as they were in 1 82!J, to perpetuate 
 them. — 2. The capital was to be $400,000. — :}. One notice in one paper in the 
 county, :-!0 days before an election of directors, was to be suffici'Mn ; and stool'. 
 holders were to vote in person or by proxy. 4. If John was a poor farmer with one 
 share (-SoO) he was to give one vote. If his brother Martin had 500 shares, he 
 was empowered to give one vote more alone than 499 farmers with a share 
 each, taken together. [Would Van Buren like to introduce this sort of de. 
 mocracy at the ballot boxes ?] 5. The bank was not to be compelled to pay specie 
 for any bank notes it migiit issue, by virtue of the ch;irter. G. The first di- 
 rectors were to be chosen by the Legislature. 7. And might begin to bank and 
 issue notes when they pleased ; and call on the stockholders to pay 10 or 121- 
 cents in the dollar on their shares at first, and the rest when they saw fit. 
 
 The Senate, without knowing who would or who wouldn't take stock, named 
 the first directors, and took care to appoint one of themselves on the board. 
 There was no commission named to apportion the stock equally — it was left to 
 be jobbed for. The .Toft'erson Co. bank bill appointed commissioners, and left 
 it to the shareholders to elect directors. Van Buren voted against it, and against, 
 the Herkimer Co. bank petition, March 2Sth. The banks he voted against sue 
 ceeded better than those he supported. 
 
 On the 5th of April, I'^IO, (sec the senate journals,) the Council of Revision 
 admonished Van Buren, Cantine and their majority in the Senate, that it would 
 be unjust to allow the Niagara B:ink bill to pass into a law unless it \\e\'e 
 amended so that if the bank issued paper it might be bound t<» redeem it in 
 money — that it need not pay out a dollar in money as the bill was drawn ; and 
 that if it had no money to pay bills with it had better not issue any, because 
 the more banks there were issuing such paper the less of specie we would sec 
 in the state. It was notorious (said the Council) that for more than a twelve- 
 monih the incorporated banks of the State haf! refused to redeem their notes in 
 specie. They had found it far more gainful to sell their dollars to the usurers 
 of Europe, and to charge our merchants a high premiinn for silver, while they 
 glutted the American market with paper promises on which they charged 7 per 
 cent, interest, though they cost them notiiing. They further urged, that this 
 was the first attempt made in this State to give special privileges to a new 
 Bank, since the old ones had defied the public; and refused to pay their debts; 
 and that they, (the Council.) returned the bill fo the Senate, because they wished 
 to protect the public against the multiplication of corporations issuing a currency 
 which thev refused to convert into cA'^h on demand. 
 
 On the lOth of April, (see senate journal, page 2;K!,) VAN BUREN made 
 a speech to persuade two-thirds of the members of the Senate to incorporate the 
 Bank in spite of the Council of Revision, and WITHOUT A SPECIE PAY- 
 ING CLAUSE, in the very teeth of its hones; objections. He MOVED TO 
 INSEUT A CLAUSE TO THAT EFFECT, and thus pass the bill! On 
 the 1 Ith, the bill was reconsidered in committee of the whole, but as it was found 
 utterly impracticable to get two-thirds to vote for paper currency, not payable 
 in cash, by a direct vote, the Council's amendment had to be reluctantly adopted 
 by the "democrats," and Van Buren and Cantine again voted for the Bank, 
 which became a had i>a\v. 
 
 Altho' Van Buren could not get a clause in the hill to permit the hank to flood 
 the country with paper promises it would be under no obligation to redeem, he 
 contrived that the charter should allow the bank to stop when it had no specie, 
 buy in its worthless rags at 10 or 12 cents to the dollar, and begin again as 
 often as it pleased to play this game. It did so, and cheated the public whole- 
 
 sale. I sold 
 defrauded ou 
 mechanic out 
 dent was ind 
 $25,000 loan 
 Kibbe, its firs 
 chants' Bank 
 Swartwout v 
 House on T 
 Wednesday, 
 the cords to [ 
 Ron. SvvAivn 
 become such 
 place, chealii 
 at least three 
 
 EvenAbonll 
 day, to send a d( 
 
 Van Barents 
 becomes S 
 Del. hr'uU 
 acted with 
 and neio 1 
 and Ontur 
 Van Dure 
 the Bankh 
 
 Bv referci 
 B. F. Butler 
 owner of th 
 ready to bu 
 hands from 
 Q. Leake it 
 
 ♦ Attorney ( 
 mities of Vai 
 statute book, I: 
 In 18:?i;, its pa 
 tiil)atc their s 
 iiii-'nts have n 
 institutions w 
 consequences 
 meats, have 
 greater pnipo 
 which few ar 
 
 On tlie '^Ot 
 Senate, all h 
 Asseinl)ly, to 
 inorepoWLTa 
 What niathK 
 confers on a t 
 to tax the cou 
 make pajier i 
 eering oracle 
 
IE. 
 
 VAN BUREn's buffalo AND CHENANGO BANKS. 
 
 98 
 
 lanned to have 
 ssiblp, that the 
 
 10 porpptuato 
 10 pappr in the 
 nt ; and sfocl'- 
 irmer with one 
 500 shares, he 
 rs with a share 
 this sort of de- 
 nd tn pay specie 
 5. The first di- 
 rill to bank and 
 pay !0 or 1-21 
 y saw fit. 
 e stock, named 
 
 on the board. 
 
 —it was left to 
 
 oners, and left 
 
 it, and against 
 
 cd against sue- 
 
 cil of Revision 
 e, that it would 
 unless it were 
 t(» redeem it in 
 as drawn ; and 
 
 any, because 
 f we would sec 
 
 than a twel ve- 
 il their notes in 
 ; to the usurers 
 ver, while they 
 ■ charged 7 per 
 urixed, that this 
 loces to a new 
 ay their debts ; 
 i.so they wished 
 ling a currency 
 
 RUREN made 
 incorporate the 
 ;F»ECIK PAY- 
 MOVED TO 
 the bill ! On 
 as it was found 
 y, not payable 
 ctantly adopted 
 for the Bank, 
 
 he bank to flood 
 
 1 to redeem, he 
 had no specie, 
 begin again as 
 ! public whole- 
 
 sale. I sold its notes in 1820 and in 1821, eight dollars for one — the State was 
 defrauded out of its dt-posits, the fiiriners out of their produce, and the 
 mechanic out of the fruits of his labor. Once more the bank started, its Presi- 
 dent was indicted for cheating, J. Barker was to have $5,000 for procuring a 
 $25,000 loan to keep it going, but it broke again before aid could get to Buti'alo. 
 Kibbe, its first President, was a Burrite, concerned in frauds by which the Mer- 
 chants' Bank Charter passed in 1S05, and one of " the lobby." General 
 Swartwout writes (IS23), " iMy Dear Morrison — The Dutchess must pass the 
 House on Tuesday, and yours [the Chemical Bank] will pass the Senate on 
 Wednesday, certain. See KiDBiii as soon after dinner as possible — he knows 
 the cords to pull upon, and will carry you triumphantly through. Your friend, 
 Kou. SwAurwodT." Van Buren's bank initiated the Buffalo people, who had 
 become such proficients in the mysteries that thirteen banks broke down in that 
 place, cheating the weaver of cloth, and the grower of wheat, wool, &c.,out of 
 at least three millions of dollars. 
 
 CHAPTER X 
 
 Even Abon Hassan, the most disinterested of all viceroys, forgot not, during his Caliphate of onft 
 day, to send a douceur of one thousand pieces of gold to his own household. — Walter Scott. 
 
 Van Bareii's confederates blow vp the old Buffalo bank. — Its cashier (n'd Hoyt) 
 becomes State Prinler to the I'Jiuktails. — Marctf, l.cake^ and the New Hopcj 
 Del. I)ridgc Company. — Van Biiren not fond of swarms of Batiks. — How he 
 acted with the Chenanrio Bank Charter. — Walworth, VanBuren., and the old 
 and new Pluttsburgh Banks — On taxing Bank Utock, and chartering Utica 
 and Ontario Branch Banks. — Clinton U7id Ihr ,^ssembly of N. Y defeated by 
 Van Biiren and his hold over Senate in an effort to expose errors in, and amend 
 the Banking System. — The Pennsylvania and Ohio Banks. 
 
 By reference to pages 154 and 155, letters 9, 10, and 11, it will be seen that 
 B. F. Butler had a keen scent ; he wanted Hoyt to be cashier, and Barker 
 owner of the Buffalo bank which Van Buren had created, and which was then 
 ready to burst up. Van Buren's unprincipled followers had it in their own 
 hands from the commencement. Isaac Kibbie was its first President, and Isaac 
 Q. Leake its first cashier; and when it broke down in 1819,* Van Buren in- 
 
 ♦ Attorney General Taicott applied to Chancellor Saiiford in 1H2-I, enumerating the enor- 
 mities of Van Buren's Buffalo bank, with a view to the spongini,' oti' its charter from the 
 statute book, but it eouldn't be done. Perhaps, lilce a Scotch peeras^e, it's only dormant now. 
 In 183(!, its parent. Van Buren, c^rnvcly ad'lre^«ed S. Williams thus: — " As if anxious to con- 
 tribute their share to this inroail upon the policy of the federal constiuuion, the state goveru- 
 nvjnls have not enly created swarms of banlcing institutions, but until recently, most of these 
 institutions were authorized u> issue notes ol'as low a denomination as a single dollar. The 
 consequences of this departure from the appropriate functions of the federal and .state govern- 
 ments, have been extensively injurious. Tnat gold and silver should constitute a much 
 greater jiroportion of the circulatin"' medium of the country than they now do, is a position 
 which few are disposed to deny." 
 
 On the 'iOth of April, 18IH, iluring the same session of the Van Rtiren majority in the 
 Senate, all hurry and bustle to hasten favorite measures, on speculation, a bill fiom the 
 Assembly, to withdiaw from tlie demcK-racy, the many, and confer on the aristocracy, the few, 
 more power and influence, came up in the form of a bill to incorporate the Bank of Chenango. 
 What madness is it that blinds the tillers of the soil to their best interests'? Such a bank 
 confers on a few au-Kious gamblers power to hire and employ lying attorneys and lying editors ; 
 to tax the country many tliousands of dollars yearly for the use of the idle and profligate; lo 
 make pajicr moiiey promises scarce in a country, or plentiful, at pleasure ; to hire election- 
 eering oracles and orators; to bespatter honesty and sincerity iu homespun with falsehood; 
 
 S.- 
 
 ■>)■■ 
 
 ■j .'■■•■'■ 
 
 v.; 
 
 I ' ' ' 
 
 
 
 
34 LEAKE AND CANTINE, VAN i^UllEN AND THE PLATTSBURGU BANKS. 
 
 VAN 
 
 J 1 \:l 
 
 
 I iil 
 
 vited Leake to join his brother-in-law, Cantine, as one of the state printers, 
 and joint editor of his mouth-piece, the Albany Argus. Leake was turned ou: 
 of the Argus by Van Buren in 1824 to make way for Croswell, and sent out tu 
 Pennsylvania to take charge of another Icakif vessel, or bank craft, as treasurer 
 of the INew Hope, Delaware Bridge Company, a concern such as Van Burea 
 would have made the Buffalo Bank if he could, with power to fail from time to 
 time, compound and go on again, for ever. It went down in 1821, the treasure- 
 vanished. Leake & Co. began again in 1825, and in 1826, we find him puffing 
 the frail bark in the N. Y. Evening Post. Governor Marcy was one of its bor- 
 rowers, and a knot of speculators used it in N. Y. as Butler and Barker did the 
 Washington and W^arren. The Pennsylvanians were so often pillaged that they 
 drove it out of their State, and it is now set up again the sixth time, and its notes 
 have a wide circulation, hailing from the Jersey side of the Delaware. 
 
 In 1817, Reuben Hyde Walworth appeared before the legislature, as senior 
 petitioner for a bank charter, of like character with the others, to be located at 
 Plattsburgh, the stock to be discrcetli/ distributed, &c. Senators Hascall, Bloom, 
 and Walter Bowne, of the Seventh Ward Bank, N. Y., reported that the Land 
 round Plattsburgh is " fruitful in the productions of the earth," like Canaan of 
 old ; and that " it is believed that a bank will enable the merchants to purchase 
 this produce, and save the farmers much, if not the entire, transportation to 
 Montreal." Of course they reported a bank bill, which passed the Senate in 
 committee on the 21st of March (page 222 of Journal) : Van Buren and Cantine 
 declared that they could not possibly support the measure, and recorded their 
 votes to throw it out, but failed ; yeas 14, nays only 11. Next day two addi- 
 tional senators were present, and it was seen that if Van Buren and his brother- 
 in-law should both hold out, the bill would be lost, 14 to 13. This would 
 never do. Nor would it suit Van Buren to wheel round on such a short 
 notice. The leader therefore kept among the nays on the final passage of the 
 bill, but Cantine declared that he had got a new light within the last twenty-j'our 
 hours, and immediately reversed his cote, thus securing the passage of the chartti 
 in the Senate, by a majority of one.* He played the same suspicious game on 
 
 to join with others in lip(;oniin;^ hanlcrupt, ami rcfiisinfjf payment of (lolitf*, while • onipellin;,' 
 iniiividujils to fuKil thi-ir obligations- to ilie haniv' ; and, should the conecin hecoiiv insolveiu, 
 wiilcsproad ruin eusui's, wliile those whose tollv' oi' Kuill, or both, did the inis( jief, lie liv, 
 jeady to lohliy at Albany l"!' new means lo 2iliindeiby law, when pidilie Indiana ion is hiisji- 
 ed to si re p. 
 
 On the above day the i^enatc went intc committee on the Chcnanp:o bank ei.irtcr, Van 
 Jiurcti Wnv^ most appropriatniy in the ehair. Senator Yates moveil to rcjeel il as anli- 
 riciuocralic, tVe. But the party loveil it, it promised to add lo their temjiorary power, to j ieM 
 enormous cain on the stock, and lorm an ollset against the opposition. Major Cantine iu'lil 
 np both hands in its favor; vSamuel Younjj declared that hisliearl was in it; the coinmittc" 
 rose ; Van Buren reported that the bill had been adopted ; no one even whispereil ^\i:,ivc in- 
 Ikc. fii/rs and nan,'' as w<is usual ; the bill was ordered to j^o ahead without even a division. 
 
 Had Mr. Van Buren been averse to this charter, he would have called for the ayes an' 
 noes on the report, liut lie agreed to its reception ; and when the bill was (-np;r()ssed aip' 
 passed (see Senate Journal, passes 353 and 3r)l), Cantine, Skinner, and Samuel Voting, voted lur 
 it, while' Van iiuren slipped below the bar to avoiil a vote, knowing,' that his friends' votes wouM 
 ensure the success of liie bill. Here, again, the ollicial records of liie State i,'ive the lie to lii- 
 asscrtion that " every apjilication [lor a bank] save one, would l)e found to liave his vole 
 recorded af,Minst it." 
 
 * In 1>-M, tiio honlt of l'liittslmrt!t\ c.vplodeil, anil there were iiiiuiy rccriiiilnntidiis alining the dcmncmcy 
 •IiuIkc IMiitt prosecuteiK'niiiplrolicr l''lii(!(,', tlien a spunky rnnnlry editor, for libel ; the liankdircrlors proscciitol 
 I'latt ; the firniers found tlwir pruiliire in tliiit " fruitful " land Irnnsniuletl Into Imnk pajwr of bud repute ; iiml 
 Van lluren conirrntiilated himself in not luivlng voted with brother Cantine in W!. 
 
 To help Van Huren to the Presidency in ISKi, the imrty chartered a .«econd bank at Plattsburgh ; and, niih 
 nu ftnod will towards Clinton, named il after liini. 'I'he nominal capital was S'2tlU,(IOO ; the real money in il< 
 vaults very little indeed. Tor .sonii: three or four years its prrsident and CHshicr ninniiBed its afliiirs Bhn(^^t 
 exrhiaively, and appropriated its funds lo their private use, or for the benefit of their favorites. They were m 
 the clasj called speculators ; their olditrnlions are worthless ; and as to brinalng the lazy directors to Look, fur 
 the benefit of tht bill-holde;s, the oligarchy, wltu rule, do nut cncoUKige such prtictises. 
 
 the same da] 
 of monopoly 
 memoranda, 
 close til'! w> 
 these somen 
 
 Mr. O. A, 
 us, .lanuary 
 lators, and tr 
 shape its pol 
 1808, one of 
 
 In 1810, ( 
 WJis called u 
 chartered ba 
 rtujuirtjd to il 
 some investit 
 after Dcceml 
 to pay what : 
 some accoun 
 showing, 1. 'j 
 they owe. .' 
 the bank by 
 the proportio 
 discounted di 
 after that tini 
 the return m 
 bank concert 
 such measun 
 
 What cou 
 abovt! in(|uir; 
 Van Buren, 
 opponents as 
 to the adoj>ti 
 
 • In IHI8, (SCO . 
 !\ni\ complaint of I 
 Scnntr lor concur 
 
 " lif.'ioli'cd, (if 
 to ini|uire into tin 
 tcred the trust ^rr 
 by them aiitbori/i 
 or have made 
 they have ut all 
 ill s|H'cie ; and vv 
 cir usurious pracii 
 eitlicr of ibe Naid 
 ijuire by what me 
 inilteo liHve powc 
 all convenient 
 and Mr. Webb lit 
 
 To Van lluren 
 was gall am! wor 
 have slnnil a sear 
 
 Next day. Man 
 of tile banks niiil 
 yiind nil <|iicstiiii 
 shrines— that tin 
 the fricniU of liU 
 form. It will bi 
 whether the Sen 
 the Snimte PC) ^ 
 
 The resolution 
 30, MemrB. Root, 
 proplietic mcssBd 
 icr wished to iio 
 cants to procure 
 
-T 
 
 GII BANKS. 
 
 VAN BUREn's plans FOR REFORMING THE BANKING SYSTEM. 
 
 35 
 
 ; state printers, 
 
 was turned ou: 
 
 and sent out tu 
 
 raft, as trensurer 
 
 h as Van I5ure:i 
 
 fail from time to 
 
 21, the treasure: 
 
 find him puffing 
 
 as one of its bor- 
 
 J Barker did the 
 
 illaged that they 
 
 Tie, and its notes 
 
 aware. 
 
 ilature, as senior 
 
 to be located at 
 
 Hascall, Bloom, 
 
 ;d that the land 
 
 " like Canaan of 
 
 lants to purchase 
 
 transportation to 
 
 ed the Senate in 
 
 uren and Cantine 
 
 d recorded their 
 
 xt day two add!- 
 
 and his brother- 
 
 13. This would 
 
 m such a short 
 
 lal passage of the 
 
 ic last ticcnty-J'our 
 
 ic;e of the charter 
 
 spicious game on 
 
 ts, while I dinpolliii;' 
 a liocuui' iii.solvi'iii, 
 tho ini.M lii^r, lie In, 
 iiulitj:!!!). ion is hnsii- 
 
 • bank ei.Trtcr, Van, 
 lo n'jfci ii as anii- 
 irary powci', tu } irM 
 Majur Cantine hvl' 
 n it ; the comniitlc" 
 whispered '\iiirc m 
 It even a division, 
 ed lor the ayes an' 
 was eiip^rossed ani' 
 nel Youn^, voted Iim 
 iViends' voles woiil'l 
 le 1,'ive the lie to Ili- 
 ad tu have his ww 
 
 \ nmcinc the (Icmocriicy 
 iinkdirpctnrs iiroscciilnl 
 tpcr of bad repute ; aii'l 
 
 rinttsbiirgli ; nnd, wiili 
 the roiil niimcy in iis 
 niigeil its nflulr.s alino-i 
 voritns. Ttiey were nl 
 /■y directors tu liouk, i»r 
 
 the same day in the case of the Geneva bank, coining quietly round to the side 
 of monopoly Ihff moment his volt; was wanted. What a pity Jesse Hoyt's 
 memoranda, paptM's and correspondence,'* did not extend back to IHIH, and dis- 
 close til'! WKiiiiiTv reasons which induced the Van iiunni blate ]>rinter to make 
 these somersets ! 
 
 Mr. O. A. Bro-ynson, (»rie of the writcis in the Democratic Review, assures 
 us, January ISl',' that " Hankers, caj)itulists, corporators, stockjobbers, specu- 
 lators, and trallicking politicians control the govermaent, and,in nearly all cases, 
 shape its policy." is not Van Buien, and luis he not been lor .'{8 years, since 
 180S, one of the most artful and crafty of these " trafficking politicians V 
 
 In ISK), (Situate Journal, April Iti, pages 202, 2();{,) an excellent resolution 
 was called up for consideration, in substance as follows : " That as the several 
 chartered bunks had for Sumc time wholly refused to pay their notes, when 
 retjuirtid to do so by tlu)se who held them — tht; safety of the public demanded 
 some investigation into their ailaiis — and that the CtunptrolU^r be required on or 
 after J)ecember next to call on sucli banks as shall not by that date have begun 
 to pay what th(>y owe to the people, who hold tiieir promises, in specie — to give 
 some account of their atliiirs, each bank on the oath of its president and cashier, 
 showing, 1. The amount of their notes in circulation. 2. What amount of debt 
 they owe. .'». What sum they have in specie. 4. How much money is due 
 the bank by individuals, i"). And how nmch from other banks, fi. What was 
 the proportion betwctui the funds they had on hand, and the amount of bills 
 discounted during the three months before such bank stopped payment — and, 
 after that timt^, what was it during each three months up to the time on which 
 the return might be made. 7. And, generally, a full and fair account of the 
 hank concerns, so that the legislature, on behalf of the country, might adopt 
 such measures next session as the public welfare would be found to require. 
 
 What could be more just, approj)riate, and imperiously called for thau the 
 above intjuiry, during a suspension of cash payments 1 Yai most true it is, that 
 Van Buren, the lt;ader of the faction who have for many years denounced their 
 opponents as the bank party — Van Buren and his aide-de-camp, Cantine, offered 
 to the adoption of the above resolve a powerful and steady opposition,* and 
 
 ■ In IHiR, (sec |iiisf! ICi:i (if ihn Srn;itr .Iniirnal,) tlio Assnnilily, on the recommpndation of Covornor Clinton 
 nnd ronipliiint of thi; people in vurioii^ p:irts of tlie Stiite. hnvin^ iu]u|ilrd a resolution, sent it, March 20, to tho 
 Senate for cunnirreiu'e, us fcillciws : 
 
 " liisnireil, (if tile Senate i-nnc iir licreiii) lhi\t a Joint f'oiiiiuittec of tlie Seiiain and Assembly 1k> ap|iointoi1 
 til inipiire Into llii' iiinde mil niaiiiier in which tin; several incorpnrated banks within tliis .Stato have udniinis- 
 tcrcd the trust i:rnnted to tliein ; and whether any or either of the oflieers, ni;ents or directors, or other persons 
 by them authori/.eil, li.tve serielly or impliedly iliverted any part of tlie funds thereof to auy imi roper pur|H)Scs, 
 or have madi^ use id' any iiniluo iuean» for the purpose of foreinK 'heir pa[)er into cirnilatum ; and whether 
 they have ut nil times promptly complied with all tho demands made upon them for the payment of their mites 
 ill specie ; and whether any or either of the said otheers, ateiits, or directors, have been guilty of any fraudulent 
 or usurious prnctiees as such ; and whether any or either of ihem have used or now do use any of the fiindg of 
 either of tho said hanks for covenous or oppressive purposes : and also that the committee be instructed to In- 
 ipiire by what means the several incorporaied banks in Ibis Slate procured their charters. That tho said com- 
 niltteo have power to send for persons and papers, and that they report their proceedines to this legislature witli 
 all convenient speed; and in case ot' such coinnrronee, (hat Mr. I'lerson, Mr. Uuer, Mr. lioot, Mr. Lawrence, 
 and Mr. Wehh be of the. said comiiiillee mi the part of this House." 
 
 To Van lliiren mid his band of deceitful preleiehrK to democracy — the pharisecs of Iht^ Sen'''.-— such a resolve 
 was gall and wormwood. Iliiw would the \Vashiii|;tou and Warren, the Old UullaH), and oibcr pretended banks 
 have stood a searchiiiu invesllitation into their o|icrati('ns and sti\ndlnK '? They could nut do it. 
 
 Ne\l day. March 'Jl, Van Huron iinil some others of the inajorily delivered able and i lo(|ueiit speeches in favor 
 of the banks and the bankers. It was s lid that their usefuliiess, honesty, rectitude, ami proper conduct were be- 
 yond nil (|iiestion— that to doubt them was to doubt the honor of the honorable gentlemen who presided at their 
 sbriiiCH— that the people would be indignant at the insult ofTercd m Ibi' resolution to " tlic democratic banks," 
 the friends of liberty, eipiality, and a better currency— and lliat all inijuiry must be resisted, in every shaiie and 
 form. It will be toiind by reference lo the Senate Journal, of March '21, that " Mr. President put the question 
 whether the Senate would agree to the said resolution, nnd it passed in the negative. Therefore, resolved, that 
 the Senate 00 NOT CONfUR," fee. 
 
 The resolution which Van nuren and his pnrtv thus voted down in the Scnafn, had pas«ed tlie Assemlily 70 to 
 30, Me»srs. Root, Kdwards and Sliurpe for, and Sir. Oakley against it. It was based on Governor Clinton's really 
 prophetic message, mid an excellent report by Mr. Isaac Plerwn, from the Assembly's Coniiuiitee. Judge Ulshoef- 
 for wished to go further still- he moved "lo iiistilute an inquiry into tho measures now taking by bank appli- 
 cants to procure charters," but was out-voted. Van Buren and the Banks JiaU agreed that all cniniiry should bo 
 
 - 'B 
 
 •jV 
 
 i^ 
 
 -■'■ i :■.■' k'' 1 
 
 , ( .:, r . 
 
 ■ » > - : 
 
 ■'•■. t( 
 
 m 
 
36 
 
 VAN BUREN ON BANK ENQLURY. OHIO BANKING. 
 
 POLl 
 
 •',!!■ 
 
 f ''i, 
 
 * 
 
 1 
 
 ■I 
 1 
 
 acting as the agents or instruments of the delinquent oankers, succeeded in 
 quashing inquiry. They both voted against the itsolution — neither of them 
 suggested or otlered any substitute. [See Journal, p. 203. J The Bankers put 
 their feet on the people's necks — increased in number and in power — bank 
 presses were set u|) — grumblers were conciliated — false beacons held up to 
 delude the millions — and the flatterers, the vile parasites of the most uneducateu 
 of the population, attained a bad eminence by the worst of means, and avarice 
 and Jalse ambition were satiated with wholesale plunder out of the blood anu 
 sweat of our too generous and confiding countrymen. That a system thus 
 successful should embolden the immoral to deeds of wholesale villainy — thai 
 banks, thus the masters of the legislature, should not be very particular as to the 
 Golconda or Potosi whence their wealth was derived — is not to be wondered at 
 
 C H APT E R X 1 . 
 
 Knowest iliou not that ilx- triumpliin? ol' ilip wicked is siiort, and llip jov ol the h>TX)crite but 
 for a moment 1 Tliougli his exrellent y mount up to tiie Heavens, and his head reach uniu 
 the clouds ! yet he sh.ill perish : a tire not blown siiall consume iiim; it shall po ill with him 
 that is left in liis tabernacle. — Ja/j, rhap. \x. 
 
 Why did President J'olk appoint Ex- P resident Butler to, and why does he 
 continue him in th<: ojjirv of T. iS. District Attorney / — 13utler''s extortions u-hen 
 district attorney under Van Burcn, — His religious hypocrisy. — Ritchie censures 
 the author for uncloaking Butler, Van Buren, Coddington and. others. — 
 Butler'' s brief history. — He studies law and politics with Van Buien, and 
 becomes his law-partner. — Jacob Barker buys the Washington and IVarren 
 Bank charter, and sets Butler up as its mock J'resident- — Halsey Rogers. — 
 Van Buren carries the Bank cunningly through the Legislature, and sup- 
 ports the Auburn bank. — Swart and Mallory. — Butler''s bank roguery, or the art 
 and mystery of M. Van Burcn\s System of State Banking, happily illustrated 
 by the practice of his law-partner, up at Sandy Hill. — Lessons for young 
 Bunkers and Brokers. — ' Ferdinand Mendez Pinto was but a type of thee, thou 
 Prince of Liars .'' — Barker, Hoyt and Butler play a steady game of brag, and 
 seek to pujf their icorlhless rags, through the Patroon, Van Rensselaer. — Stated 
 Preaching. 
 
 When Mr. Polk, in I^Iay, 1845, had pei used the letters of Jol.'n Van Buren, 
 J. I. Coddington, and others, to Jes.so Hoyt, which appeared in my Lives oi 
 Hoyt and Butler, he remarked, that he would not give Mr. Coddington the office 
 of Collector of the Port of New York, which, on the recommendation and 
 advice of Butler, Van Buren, and others, he had promised to him, through 
 General Dix, but would appoint a man of his own. The place was bestowed 
 on Cornelius W. Lawrence. 
 
 If Coddington's language, and his intimacy and connection with Hoyt, 
 Swartwout, and other defaulters, produced this change in the President's views 
 
 qunibod. In PcnnBylvaniii, the lamirrii, with the honrst port of the cnnimiinity grnfrally, had mi&enil 
 terrihiy from prpliiulcd b.TMkcrs. rhnrtcnd liy advice of Snyilur, tJie Van Dunn of that State. Animinin« 
 amunnt of propoity « ,is j'acriticril liy the slietitf, and i'(irni|it men pl;iycd any part lil<ply to hring them |ilenly 
 of piihlic plunder. Rr. Jncl B. Siitherlind's private letter to M'Coy (paqe ISi. No. 5)3), lifts the curtsin on a 
 state of snricly nnythinL' hut enviiilile. This year, too, in Nov., the Cincinnati hanks stopped payment, owini; 
 the U. S. B ink 8750 000 for their notes received hy Sccretiiry Crawford's order, in payment of tho Public 
 Lands. One of these, tlie .Miami Exportinu Company, has ever lieen in bad hands, seendncly. Its fHiluro, 
 for the fonrth time, in I84'2, so enriiifod the citizens, that they rompletcly riddled it, as also the Cincinnnli 
 Bank. That did no ImmediMti' good, hut may serve as a warninR to others to fly low, and thus prevent h 
 more extensive violnlion of order. 
 
 I will refer more fully to Clinton's meseage of tliis year when describing Van Buren's dishonest scheme w" 
 1829, called the Suliety Fund system. 
 
 inMay,lS45, 
 aol wiiieii Benji 
 lAttorney at Nt 
 (record of fraud 
 prison .' Mr- 
 ■democrat, and 
 fif freemen. I 
 »)f the V\'ashiti 
 partner in iniqi 
 ell genuine* — 
 ISew York Ci 
 ill- Id tlie office 
 lexliiiiition of v 
 Xwangelical pre 
 .with the cares 
 ^inlo life, and 
 'Not only has I 
 liiicuinbent of c 
 
 i f Benjamin P 
 tier, a smith, al'tei 
 iLandin?, X. V., 
 iilie House of A^ 
 jwas his assislani 
 ,jiiiii; and shrewi 
 'llml>on. ia IHl 
 'iii.arried— and no 
 .baiikinsr btisiiuv 
 ' old Butler wa 
 iCIiureh ; but lia 
 I lor a lime. UL- 
 '>iii prayer at mec 
 |cxiKirier to faith 
 \[)\- worthy ciiize 
 f.iiiul very couspi 
 Jial in this way 
 I abroad, become 
 |jes>e Hoyt, wh 
 inas astonished i 
 ' It will be seen 
 i brcilifrs lire iiuitc ii 
 J stiick<, d'lUlitful in- 
 I in!> to its nominal 
 I " (inly a lew thous 
 ., Irtltf, the Asscmlilj 
 ! I!i)wne, and Tibbel 
 ^ the bill was put t( 
 
 - ii|i a hill to tnx ha 
 ". oppo.sed it, to the i 
 1 ilirect tax out of th 
 . Voung did not vol 
 i On the 15lh of ^ 
 
 or additional bank, 
 ■ first vote (pages 2 
 :i that the notes be 
 I Cantine a nay. R 
 • hill. Lost, nays 1 
 i 11 to 11, Van Bur 
 Now was the ti 
 
 - also to avoid resp 
 reconsider the vo 
 
 . restored it to the 
 
 : bank of Utic.i wet 
 
 purposes except t 
 
 bmnch bank of th 
 
 ' burgh Bank Ht It 
 
 rncent votes, lang 
 
<0. 
 
 ers, succeeded in 
 -neither of them 
 'I'he Bankers put 
 
 in power — bank 
 cons held up to 
 
 most uneducateu 
 eans, and avarice 
 of tho blood and 
 t a system thus 
 alo villainy — thai 
 articular as to the 
 3 be wondered at 
 
 POLK AND BUTLER, A QUESTION OP COMMON HONESTY. 
 
 37 
 
 V ol the lij'pocrite but 
 
 his head reach unto 
 
 sliall s;q ill with him 
 
 in May, 1845, w'th regard to him, of what consists the secret power, by means 
 tot witicii Benjamin F. Butler has boon continued in ollice as the U. S. District 
 lAttorney at New York, from that time till now, in view of as full and ample a 
 j-ecord of fraud and dishonesty as ever secured for a criminal a cell in the state 
 prison ? Mr. Polk is a strict professor of relij^ion, avows himself to be a 
 tiemocrat, and has been raised to thehiijhest station in the gift ot fifteen millions 
 «f freemen. In September last, Mr. Butler's fraudulent conduct, us President 
 *)f the V\'ashiii2;ton and Warren Bank, was shown in the clearest terms — his 
 rartner in iniquity swore that the letters which <rave evidence of his guilt, were 
 ell nrenuine* — the evidence on the records of Congress, with reference to the 
 Ps'ew York Custom House defaults, seizures, iind prosecutions, wliile Butler 
 ]\M the office under V^an Burenj" which Mr. Polk replaced him in, is a disgraceful 
 jexlut)ition of wholesale legal e.\torlion — and all this under the cloak of a pious, 
 (evangelical professor of religion, careless about worldly wealth, and engrossed 
 Avith the cares of Heaven-seeking, slated preaching, the gospel, a savor of life 
 'unto life, and the terror of Tophet to those " who neglect so great salvation." 
 'iS'ot only has Mr. Polk continued to endorse thi> availability of Butler, as the 
 (incumbent of one of the most intluential and lucrative ollices in tho department 
 
 
 and why does he 
 ?'s extortions when 
 Ritchie censures 
 on and others. — 
 
 Van But en, and 
 '/ton and I'Varren 
 JIalscy Rot j ers. — 
 islature, and sup- 
 roguery, or the art 
 happily illustrated 
 Lessons for youmj 
 
 type of thee, thou 
 juine of brag, and 
 'nsselaer. — Stated 
 
 John Van Buren, 
 I in my Lives oi 
 Jdington the office 
 ammendation and 
 to him, through 
 ice was bestowed 
 
 tion with Hoyt, 
 President's views 
 
 gpncmlly, had sufferi<l 
 hni Stale. An imininti 
 r'ly t(i hring them plenty 
 )). lifls the curtain on a 
 5tiip()eil payment, nwint 
 payment of iho Piiblir 
 sci-nilnply. Us fHiliirc, 
 , (IS also the Uincinn«u 
 nw, nnil thus prevent « 
 
 i'» dishonest .scheme oi' 
 
 ! . Benjamin F. I'.mler, ninny years ilie law-pan iier i)i' Van Riiion, is a >on of MedaJ But- 
 lier. a siniili. aClerwnnls clerk to Stephen Hoj;el)ooiit. and tinally tavern-keeper at Kin itn-hook 
 iLandin?, N. \., an indiisirious, jiains-takin:; man. wlitmi ilie Van Buren interest ))laerd in 
 tliie House of Asscnihly, and alierwards made liim, alxMii Ih'Jt.a ('(juniy Jud".fe. Benjamin 
 )\iiis his assistant in his pnhlie huusr" ; hul as lie L^ave eviueni'O ol talent, united to irn-ul eiin- 
 ,juiiic and shrewdne.-.s, and a love lor readiiii:. he sent him lo siudy lau with Van Buren at 
 ifludson, in IHll. in IHl*. Van Bnren made him his lau-pariner. In 1 SIS, Butler f;ot 
 'married — and ne.vt year tried what he supposed to hi' a surer and sp(.>i>i(ierroad to riches — the 
 
 • liaiikins: business. 
 
 Old Butler was a promineiu jirofessor ol' ndiuion. — very cou-^pieuou- in liie Preshyierian 
 >('hureh; but liavin;? been rebuked lor some carelessness oi' other, he joined the .Mrihodisis 
 0br a time. IlLs son Benjamin was (or seemed (o br) (i'rvenl in spirit, earnest, and eloquent 
 
 • ill prayer at meeiin^^s of the saints, lie was really fonons anu celebrated in early lile as an 
 '•e.vliorler to faith and re|)enijince. | have letters from Coluud)ia County and Albany, wi iilcn 
 ,hv woithy eilizcns, who remember him. nearly ''liily years sim c. a /ealous. deyout-lookini;', 
 
 ■ iiiul very eonspii-uous proles>or ol holiness. He ac(piijed relii;ious, le','al, and poliiiea' api 
 iial in this way ; and so strou!; had the habit of reprovini,' sinners, and playin;^ the saint 
 .abroad, become in him. that he actually played it olf. on'asioually, on his partner in iniquity, 
 
 .les>e iloyt, while enijaijed in scenes of pilia<;e and rascality, the e.\posure ot'some of which 
 .n;is astonished even Wall Street. x\. V., and the Bank Charter l'a>tory, al Albany. 
 
 * it trill l)e seen by nUirence lo R. H, Ncvins'.s leltrr ol" instruciions Ui his irii-ml lloyi, Hint liio Wall-street 
 ; brciki rs are quite averse tii ii cjireii ta.v cm liank .slciik ; anil witli reason, runtiisiun in the iMirronry, tiinry 
 : ^l"Ck^, iliiibUul institiitiotis, are aiiioni; Ihoir surest props. .\ trix on bank capital would be apportioned accorif- 
 i ini; to its noiuinHl ainimnt, and such l)ank« «< .Nevins desnilies, .No, llf^, pau'e Ij^U, with live millions capital 
 i "only a lew thousand dollar!" in sfiecie, and bank credits lor the balance,'' would siitH^r. as '.ley onpht. In 
 r, Ibis, the Assembly passed a bill to lay a tax on banU slock paije U-l!t, Senate .lournal), but Va' llurcn, C'antine, 
 
 ■ llownc, and Tibbcts, opposed it in the i^'enale. Youni» was in Us I'avor. It was the close ol the session, and 
 ^ the bill was put to sleep. Next year (l«19>, on the Hth of .\pril (p. "73 of Journal), the .Assi nihly again sent 
 : lip H bill to tax bank slock for the benefit of the conimon schools of the Stale— and why lot? Van Buren 
 ' opposed it, to the deliftht of the brokers and bankers ; but was ready that same session to iin|)o»e and collect a 
 ; direct tax out of the pmir farmer's hard earninRS. The recency went atiainst it, Van Vechten went with them. 
 I Voung did not vote, and In 1*23 we find Nevins instructin!: his tit representative, J. Uoyt, <m the same subject. 
 i On the 15th of March, ULi, a bill came frcun the .Assembly lo pram the bank of Utica a charier lor a branch, 
 
 or additional bank, by the same owners, at (JanaiidiiL'ua, with a president, twelve directors, &c. The Senate's 
 ' first vote (pages '.JllS-St, Journal), WHS, yeas 13, nays U; Van lliiien invisilile, Caiuine a yea. It was moved 
 that the notes brine issued al both places, should be payable al both. Lost, 12 to 10, v.ni Buren invisibk . 
 i' Cantine a. nay, Radclill'e moved a clause, dectarini! that the lesisi uure may at any lime repeal or amend this 
 ; bill. Lost, nays 1'2, yeas III. Cantine a nay. Van Hiiren invisible Tho bill was thrown out, March i!3d, vote 
 i 11 In II, Van Buren Invisible, 
 
 Now was the time for Van Burcii to reap|)oar in his place in the Senate. Me wanted tho hill to pass, but 
 also lo avoid responsibility. When ho saw it could not be c.\rried without his help, he voted for a motion lo 
 reconsider the v<Ue by wfiicli it had been lost, which required two-thirds of the Senators, and havintr thus 
 . restored it lo the orders of the day, he recnnled his name in us favor and it passed, and the direclors of the 
 bank of Utic.t were I'orthwilh enabled lo establish a branch in connection with theirs at C inandai::ua, for all 
 purposes except that of redeemiiiR in cash. Iho notes Ihoy iiiiRht issue there : We next find him voting for a 
 liranch bank of the bank of Ontario at Utica ; and again (p. HII'J), for an additional or branch bank of the New- 
 : inurgh Bunk at Ithaca. To comprehend the real character of this cunning and deceitful poUticlun, his mure 
 nicent votes, language, and codUucI, must be kept in view. 
 
 .'.,,. ,-1! 
 
 '■■^imi 
 
 l:ff 
 
:'i! 
 
 38 VAN DUUEN INTRIGUING TOR THE WAeHIINGTON AND WARREN HANK. 
 
 of public justice, but ho even Went so I'lir as to diivct Thomas Hitfhie, (Ik. 
 organ, aflvtuatf, or niouth|)iece ol' liis jfovcrniuonl, to censure me in tbt^ harslicj 
 terms ibr exposinj; Butler's hypocrisy, avaric(! and rapacity, which Ritchie dk 
 acconhngly through the colunuis ol' the Daily Union. Js there a bargaii 
 between the parties ? Are they members oi" a mutual insurance company .' 
 
 On the lirst week in March, 1«1'J, in th(^ 'Mlh year of his age, U. F. IJutln 
 look up his abod(! at the village of Sandy Hill, in the county of Washingtun. 
 fifty or .sixty miles north of Albany, as lawyer, christian exhorter, and pri'siddi. 
 of the Washington and Warren Jiank, a ' monii^d corporation' of two yeui^ 
 standing,* which tlie notorious stockjobber, Jacob barker, hud bougiit from tin 
 
 ♦ The W.Tsliiii^'idii niiil Warren H.-iiik fharlcr may I"' luund in llic Sialiiii's of \i'« 
 Yi)rk lor IHI7. lis pnnjsions were very inudi alcin to those of the old haiilv ol' NIafjara,;! 
 Buffalo. It will ho seen liiat ilalsey Itoirers, who is deserihed in Sudani's Keport, on ilii 
 Senate Journal ol IH'Jl, as one of those unprincipled creatures who haiii^mpon the le>,'islatiiiv 
 lor j,'ain, as lohby niendieis — vile charaeters, ^'iiilly of lettint,' themselves out for such rewiii, 
 as may lie e.xlorted from the liopes and fears of the timid and desperate — was aj)poiute(l i 
 commissioner to distribute the stock. 
 
 The hill orijrinaled in the Assembly. On the 'i-lth of March. 1HI7. the Senate (Van Burcn 
 threw it out — Van Hiireu and his brotlier-in-law, Cantine, ihi- Stale-printer, both spcakiii. 
 and voting ajjainst it. 
 
 Four days after, Senator Hail moved to n'store the bill. Tin's reciuired two-thirds of lii 
 Senate, which had then '27 meniber.s. if Mr. Van 15uren was ojiposed to banks, why did I, 
 vole for this bill, when /lis iiifir nliMncc would have |)revented it from bein<,' afjain piacetl i; 
 the order ot the day '\ And havini; done .so, why did he deny it in IKJtJ, and declare, in In 
 Slierrod 'Williams letter, that he hail never voted but lor the old IJutliilo bank'! Are not 1> 
 two-thirds of "27 — and was not he one of the \H\ Was not his lelative, Cantine of the Ar;,Mi> 
 another'! What sort of uriiiitnnih had tlie applicants forlliis bank used in the course of il|. 
 fourdays with a couple of money-loving lawyers, who had 'special privileges" to bestow ( 
 withhold, which induced lliem lo tnllc ami rot': on holksitlrn — for ;ind a^'aiiisl — bank and aiiii 
 bank? 
 
 " I have always been opposed to ihe increase of banks," .said Van Burcn, in his letter \' 
 Sherrod Williams. How could h<' be exjiected to add. " and therefore lecommended an 
 voted for thrm !" " I have known Mr. Van Hiiren lonu' and intimately," said Senator lie n 
 ton. " He is a real hanl-money man ; op|Hised to the paper .system; in favor ol a natioiiii 
 currency of jroUI." Yet this hard-money man could wheel about and restore to lile the Wa.-h 
 in^'ton and Warren l}ank", receiviiii,' a new liijht within the space of tour days; and his la« 
 partner, Butler, could, with his advice and consent, accept the l^residency of thai fraudiili n 
 corporation — and when it litnl closeil its doors, return back to his old partnership. ''An iii- 
 InMluction of a new bank into the most distant of our villai;es, jilaix's ihe bti>iness ol iIim 
 villaire within the inllueiice of the money power of l-jii,'laiid." said Mr. Van Biireii, in a i'n 
 sidcntial message from Wasjiin-jum — but he omitted to add that he had ])laced within tlur, 
 and oilier yet worse inlliiences, the bank once loctiled up at Sandy Hill. 
 
 The " re.storation" of the Washiiijitoii and Warren Bank Bill took j)lace on the '2>ith — Mi 
 Enos T. Throoji's Auburn Bank bill pass'.'d the Senate ne.\t day, without an opposing voii 
 — Van Bureii and everybody else being in its favor. JS'e.ict came the final passage ot ili. 
 Washington and Warren (March .'U.st), and the Senate that had been 15 to 13 against ii, .sci, 
 it up to the Governor and Council, by a vole of if) lo (i. Cantine now for the bill— V;i; 
 Buren below the bar! Senators Mallory and Swart had voted it down at their leader's Mi- 
 lling, on the 'Jllh; now ihcy wheeled into line and voted it up again! (iovernor Man- 
 di'serihes Mallory as one of the mosl ujuiglit of men, and he threw uj) the American bucaiiN 
 Charles King cvjiressed a doubt. 
 
 Th(! W. tiiid W. Bank bill provided that it wasto issue ils noies whenever the stiirkholdnv 
 had paid into its vaults ten cents on the dollar of ils capital, and that the operations of di- 
 count and deposit were to be carried on at Sandy Hill only, AVlial ils n/Hniliiriis there cci- 
 sisted in, may be seen bv consulting the descri|itive epistles ol'Mr. President Butler. By il. 
 month of February, IHIU. its ]iromises to pay S'-Th,*!!!!! were in the hantis of the people, ni ll' 
 form of bank notes, yielding Mr. Barker ;Jtil!',WH of intciesi, from that source alone. How 
 was it in February, 18*20! 
 
 Senator Hammond, from a Committee on Bank Charter granting (.see Senate Jonrii!' 
 I8l8, pages 111 and 115), rejiorted that the charier for a bank incorjioration, called the Wash, 
 ingtou and Warren Bank, could be of no use to the .section of country where it was noiiii- 
 nally located, as llie stock was nearly all lield by a private banker in JXew York City (Barkui , 
 
 folk's d 
 
 'speculators wli 
 
 iNewYorkjto 
 
 to Sandy Hill i 
 
 be able to holt 
 
 Jacob Barke 
 
 ; cat' bank, Bull 
 
 ; Director and 
 
 1 published in \ 
 
 j iifteen months, 
 
 have recoinmc 
 
 I on wliof e credit 
 
 |, Sandy Hill, its n 
 
 On'relerence ti 
 
 Hiitlcr in favor o 
 
 at BulUUo, the "li 
 
 printers, had had 
 
 \ On the'ilslof 
 
 ' tease the enem\ 
 
 to mock the hum 
 
 meiit. There w 
 
 and Tuesday, l\v 
 
 ISli'W in .specie, 
 
 ;llie Bank had pc 
 
 j5t!Uil) ill ni''^'"'* '' 
 
 I such demands 
 
 others"— that is, 
 
 sixpences, to soil 
 
 Two or three 
 
 lli'jir debtors. 1 
 
 had only $1100, 
 
 157) that I was i 
 
 and that 1 would 
 
 which coulil ha 
 
 specie for S'>.'Jl'f 
 
 claim through A 
 
 ihe bank has no 
 
 , bold and impud 
 
 merchants and d 
 
 pay— and he wa 
 
 lion— I say, if In 
 
 What became ol 
 
 : E.xchangc Bank 
 
 On Wednesdf 
 
 slop" — in other > 
 
 : services in, W. 
 
 I all insliiu:lioiis i'\ 
 
 I I ahip, I may as 
 
 j Nc-w York stocl 
 
 f promises to pay 
 
 I on one day that 
 
 ] could only hold 
 
 j should shut shoj 
 
 ! says, would hav 
 
 him news that 1 
 
 sands who wen 
 
 Oh, no ! He h; 
 
 On the '25th c 
 
 directed iam to 
 
 loan of Sl.OOO, 
 
 adding, " You 
 
 Compare this a 
 
 days. Could d 
 
 i 
 
I 
 
 AUREM UANK. 
 
 Kiiiius Kitfhio, 111,. 
 iru; ill th»i hursli( i, 
 which Ritchif ik 
 
 lliero a bar^^aii 
 )ci' company r 
 ag.', B. F. JJutlr, 
 ty of Washington, 
 Iter, and jji-csidd,; 
 ion' of two ycuis 
 
 bought lioia til. 
 
 folk's district ATTOHNIiV OFIICIATING AA K UANK I'llL.SIDKN T. 39 
 
 speculators who got it up. Barker could issue its hills at his Exchange liank, 
 New York, to mechanics and traders, who would find it no easy task to go north 
 to Sandy Hill to get them cashed. With brokers and bankers he expected to 
 bo able to hold his own. 
 
 Jacob Barker being the sole, or almost, solo proprietor of this real ' wild- 
 cat' bank, Bulbar was selected as his colleague, and duly installed as its President, 
 Director and Bank Attorney. His correspondence with Uoyt and Barker, 
 published in pages lol to Ifi.^, of this volume, running through a period of 
 littuen months, will surely satisfy the most sceptical, that Van 15uren could not 
 have recouunciuled a more suitable coadjutor, as the legal adviser of (Jeueral 
 
 
 Hie SlaUUr.s of X,.« 
 li.'Uik ()(■ .Ninfj.-m, ;i 
 aiii's |{i'|M>it, on III- 
 U|)(.ii the lc;,'islalui, 
 mil (ui Mii'lncwjip, 
 
 III'— was appoiiilnii 
 
 .Senate (Van IJnrcn 
 rintcT, IpiiiIi spoakii,. 
 
 red two-tliiriis of il; 
 It) hanks, wliy diil I 
 ■in^' ajrain placed c 
 li, ami declare, in In. 
 > bankJ Ave not h 
 ( 'amine of the Ai;,'ib 
 d in ilie course ol'ili 
 V ilexes" to hcsiow I 
 iii.-t — bank and aim. 
 
 Jmen, in his Iclicr i 
 e it'coniMicnded air 
 I'," .said Senator I!, n. 
 n i'avor ol a natioii;i 
 *loietolilc the Wa.>-li 
 ir days: and his km. 
 L-y oi' that tiaiiduliii 
 aitnersliij). "7\|, j,,. 
 < the hiisiness ol i|i;i 
 Van IJnrcn, in a J'n 
 d placed within liur 
 
 ;iec on the 28th— Mr 
 It an o))posiiip voii 
 
 final pa.ssnice of ih. 
 
 to 13 ai,'ainsi it, .sn. 
 w Ibr the hill— V;i; 
 
 at their leader's hi.. 
 i! Cnn-ernorAlan 
 
 Ion whose credit its circulation depended; and that tholl^ll it pretended to do business at 
 '.Sindy Hill, its real location was New York. 
 
 / On relerence to Butler's correspondence, pac;c 155, he will be found exertins; him.seU' wiili 
 J Hiitler in t'a\'t>r of lloyt, a.s a siiiiable Cashier to the old, thrice-insolvent Bank of iViasarn, 
 iat Biilliilo, the "harlcr for which Van Buren drew and voted for. Leake, oue of the .State 
 J primers, had had the olliie I'or a time. 
 
 ■; On the *Jlsi of June, IHl!), Butler employed Hoyt to collect small clian:,'e, with which to 
 f' tease the enemy,' (p. I5(!.) In other word.s, he wanted shillinp;s and sixpences, wliercwith 
 • to mock the honest liirmcrs who had ','iveii their wheat l()r his hills, with a pretence (jf pay- 
 ) meiit. There was A llUX on the bank, and he says that he had redeemed on the Mondav 
 iaiiil Tuesday, two day«, Si^i^'l. beini,' r$'M() per day, (liiriiiii a run I lie had in the bank just 
 |SH"^* '" •'*l"^i'''-'. '"^"'f'.^' ^''"J"^''' ('"' '^^'"■'^ Barker) for three or four days more. At this time 
 ;lli(' Bntik had pcrhajis jt'jOO, 01)11 of its noti's afloat in the country. Two persons havinf,' sent 
 jjtititi ill iu)tes to be cashed (pa;,'(! 157), the enra'.'ed linancier llirealeiicd that, if any more 
 I such demands were made upon him, he would "put them on the same j^round with the 
 j clliers" — that is, he would pretend to pay them in their turn, he paving "in a slow way," in 
 I si.xiicnces, to .some other real or imai^inary creditor, diiriiii; ' bank' liouis.' 
 
 y Two or three bankers and brokers had taken in payment ^J 1(1, 000 of Butler's notes from 
 I llicir debtors. They ^ent Ciilch'ist and Wiswall up to Sandy Hill to c^et the cash. Butler 
 ' had only JiJi 100, but he pretended to ))ay. '• I have told Mr. (Jilchrist (says he to Hoyt, patjo 
 j 157) that I was ready to nay specie, and wn !d pay specie at all times duri!i,ar bankinij hours; 
 I ami that I would pay iiothinq; else." Now this was a falsehood, for all he had was ;$1'100, 
 
 which could have been counteil in 15 to .'U; minutes, and Gilchrist had aslced ji^ood notes or 
 
 I'.'ipoiie for S5,<i00, and Wiswall for about 3fi,000. Next day, June 'I'M, he bade Hoyt to pro- 
 . claim Ihroiiijh Albany the solvency of the bank. "Tell all persons (.said he, pajje "|57) that 
 llic hank lias not stopped, I'nd wit/ not sliip jKii/mnif, (ind Ifuil in: jmi/ in, sinric." This was a 
 bold and impudent untruth, as his |)revi()us letters show, and its object was to induce the 
 merchants ami dealers to take the notes for ;;ri'i>ds. If he knew that the bank had means to 
 pay— and he was a deceiver of the peojile if he held his ollice, in i!,MUiranco of its real coiidi- 
 '] tioii— I .say, if he knew this (and he says he did), why were the p dilic cheatetl, on his advice 1 
 What became of the bank funds ? Was the W. and W. B. a tender to Barker's insolvent 
 E.\chan'j;c Bank, and Butler his decoy-duck ! Let tlieir correspondence answer. 
 
 On Wednesday (letter 10), Butler wrote to Hoyt— "Tell all persons that the bank will not 
 uji" — in other words, tell all persons to exchansje their property for, and take payment for their 
 .services in, W. and W. notes, sia:ned B. F. Butler. Next day (letter tiO), " Inthc ab.senceof 
 
 •ver the st(*ckholdr|. 
 iie o])cratioi)s of di- 
 I'/M-ni/iiriis there coi.- 
 di'iit Butler. Byll. 
 of the people, .'11 11/ 
 source alone. lIo\. 
 
 see .Senate JouriiP 
 
 on, called the Wash. 
 
 where it was nom- 
 
 York City (Barker , 
 
 all inslniclioas from Mr. Barker (or a forlni,i,'hl, 1 consider it my duty to continue paying. Jf 
 I flnp, I may ax well xlup next week ns this." Here, we have a mere clerk, an automaton of a 
 ] New York stock-jobber, decked out with the robes of a Bank President, and ;i|500,000 of his 
 \ promises to pay nut afloat by his guilty colleague, among the farmers i;nd trailers, aflirming 
 j on one day that liis concern was solvent, and the next teUinu' their cimfederate, Hoyt, that he 
 I coiilil only hold out for a week, and waitetl the JN'ew York stock-jobber's orders, whether he 
 
 I .Miould .shut shop, or go on paying in cents and si.\pences. out of a S'l K'O fund. Boyd, he 
 
 I says, would have advanced him some money on n dratl on Barker, but a;- Ving hud brought 
 him news that Barker was hard pressed, he would not draw on him. Did ne warn the ihou- 
 
 ' .sands who were exchanging property for his bills, that he might have to stop in a week 'J 
 
 ■ Oh, no! He had, in effect, stopped already. 
 
 On the '25th of June, he wrote Hoyt tliat, unless eumpclled, he would not stop till Barker 
 
 '' directed iain to do so. On the 'iGth (letter "23), he sent his own note to Baird, by Hoyt, for a 
 loan of Sl.OOO, lor the bank, secured by iJtJ other notes, bank propertv, value over ^10,000 — 
 adding, " You may rely upon it that the bank CAN AND WILL continue its redemptions." 
 Compare this assertion with his funds, the bank debts, and his statements on the two previou.s 
 days. CotUil deception go farther 1 iiow did he iind out, ou Thursday, that it ./as dishon- 
 
 '■-■ ■ ' 
 
 ;■.:■.'['* 
 
 
 
 . * JV .' ^ 
 
 Si:m^^ 
 
 ■a-:.r;v 
 
 ;..>;■; -(^^ 
 
 ,r>,\.,\'.4 
 
 
 > '' ■ !■ ft 
 
 .'''. '■''•? 
 
 
 ''''\v\ 
 
 
 >','•••■' *> 
 
 
40 
 
 VAN BUREN S PUPIL, A TRUE CHIP OF THE OLD BLOCK. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 n' 
 
 Jackson, in those nit-asures of madness and mischief, during the wars about 
 the national treasure anil currency, which ended in a public bankruptcy, by 
 which 500 millions of dollars of debt were blotted out with the sponge of ilie 
 statutf-, and wide spread ruin and misery entailed on many thousands of out 
 most thrifty, frugal, and trustworthy citizens. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 The love of money is the root of all evil ; wliich while some coveted after, they have errej 
 from the faith.— 1 Timothy, vi. 10. 
 
 Gov. Wright endorses his old comrade at Sandtj IlilVs Candor and Inleyrili/ !— 
 ^^ Ask mi/ brother ij I be a //^^t/." — Value of Paper Enactments uyamst But.' 
 lerizers. — O^ Sullivan in the Review tries to whitewash Butler — Ba ker\ 
 Exchange Bank, and other humbugs. — He, Van Buren, and Butler strong for n 
 National Bank. — Van Bnren lectures Folks in the IVest about Bank Currup. 
 tions ! — Butler^s Bank goes down, and he goes off to Albany and re-joins his ok 
 partner. 
 
 In Senate, February, 4, 1S34, General Jackson had sent a message, with B, 
 F. Butler's re. ort, as attorney -general, for the removal of the agency for paying 
 
 orable to deceive Boyd ; and on Saturday, tliat he might safely deceive, not Baird only, bu: 
 all to whom that gentleman might exhibit his I ''iter ] 
 On the ^il» of June, Barker writes in the N. Y. Evening Post, " The bank has notstoppe. 
 sayni'ent — which please promulgate." On t)ie 30ih, Hoyt pubhshO'. 
 
 payment — it will not stop pay 
 
 On the 3J of July, Butler wrote tt 
 
 part of a letter, full of I'alsehooJ, in the Albany papers. 
 
 him, " Your extract was well timed." Tuin to iVo. -Jj, page 159, I'ur Butle'r's statement thus 
 circulated. After pulhng himself, he .says, " When there were more calls than he could satisfy 
 with his own hands, he called iu hi** neighbors to assist him in paying, and when there wpif 
 more than all could attend to, he requested those persons that came Wiih the bills, to laythm 
 down, and take as many dollars in specie as they leil in bills" — in other words, to help them- 
 selves. '■ Sell all the goods you can tor these notes," says Mr. Butler, through the press, anc 
 this after full consultation wuh hiseonl'ederate in this Ifaudulent, cheating concern. At tht 
 same time he was threatening those who sent up a lew dollars, refusing his o\v n notes ir, 
 payment of a debt due the bank, and only paying a few hundred dollars a day to transieir 
 favorites, and none at all to bankers or brokers, though " there were thousands of men amlo. 
 paper there." (page 158). 
 
 His letter to Hoyl, to try to get from Mr. Van Rensselaer, the young Patroon, a favorabli 
 account of his baiik, '• though he did noi pay him," is a master-piece of knavery. 'le ki'p- 
 drinking into.vicating liquors with the putrooii, I'uu two ok turkk hours, cErnn! .e bank 
 CLOSED, behind his bank counter, and in sight of his customers, and got iiim in this way h 
 take back to Albany nearly jjuOd of his W. and W. note-s, for which 1 dare .say he nevti alter- 
 wards got 40 cents to the dollar. 
 
 I paid the " poor and neeJy" in his presence, says Butler — and if wc get his opinion prai-- 
 ing GUI' bank, " I daresay it will pa.ss current, and be a legal tender in your Dutch metropolis. 
 and it would answer for ciieulation, «.Vc." If Bullcr, taught at the ruin-shop in infancy, an. 
 by his tutor and partner. Van Burcn, in youth, was ihiis atcomplisacd in knavery in IHIK, a: 
 2-i years of age, what must be his jnoficiency in I81G, in his 5lst winter, as district attornov 
 ol'ihe United .Stall's for tJie eoinmcrcial nietro])olis oi' America!! If, at '21, he could covir 
 with the ni.intln oi' hypocri.sy, and a pretended zeal Ibr "a laithl'u! and respectable minister 
 " the staled preaching of the go.spcl" at bandy Hill, and the cry of " How can tho^c oscap 
 who neglect so great salvation !' —the avarice that usu.illy bi'sets men in old age, are i;ot tliir. 
 commcioial public lo \y^ pilie!, who have lo do willi the aliorney who, when hunting dowi; 
 the merchants oi' -N'ew Yoiic, in 1838 tu 1811, made llu; fortunes vl' ir.aishals. clerks, nava'- 
 officers, surveyors, co, lectors, and di-trict attorneys 'I It would almost seem as if Price and k 
 had understood each <jtiier in 1837-8. 
 
 Mr. Butler's party paper here, the Morning News, having complained that his letters ar,' 
 garbled, 1 oiler, as a sjiLciinen ol Ihe omissions, to supply the blaiiks in letter. No. IG, page 
 153, to Barker. Alter •' Dear Sir, ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦" read " I have written you very lieqiiently .. 
 '.ho four days jiasi but knowing that you will have a desire lo hear from jne as olten as j(»s-i 
 
 ■i 
 
 pensions to re 
 remarked that 
 within the pest 
 officer who mi 
 (though at Sai 
 there, and awa 
 Warren Bank t 
 influence, for i 
 would not give 
 
 It his conscii 
 jniust it have bi 
 'place in the s; 
 principal sub-tt 
 Bank will a.ssu 
 a clever writer 
 the dc'sccndani 
 been one of th 
 
 It appears tl 
 ollars — 1)0 to 
 that others mi; 
 else thinks 1 h; 
 it, " tell him tl 
 been lung and 
 remains in olFu 
 the face of the 
 report of the c 
 out a syllabli 
 in the highest 
 incuniuents in ' 
 visionary. II 
 one essential d 
 
 On the first 
 Ihe Sai.dj Hill 
 fact, as presidi 
 [quoting scrip 
 aiiiount to tnu 
 rEllFECTL' 
 
 l)le duiing mv pi 
 eniliest informal 
 (if »vi.O 10 in curr 
 ('.escription whic 
 in current bills- 
 Tlovi, to be cunv 
 tVoui the .Mcchai 
 li'iiik, and to nia 
 he had at Albrin 
 pav the greater 
 "What Mr. Gik 
 ihc .'tnge lo-dny. 
 jiKide to short mi 
 ♦ Thouirh d-iti 
 b:ink, usn.l bv a 
 lo talk of " s)) -0 
 
 cracies.' 
 
 Jn all 
 
.■ . ■'I ' : * 
 
 BLOCK. 
 
 WRir.HT UPON BUTLER. BUTLER AND THE BANK. 
 
 41 
 
 g the wars about 
 c bankruptcy, by 
 the sponge of the 
 thousands of out 
 
 after, they have emi 
 
 r and Inleyriti/ !— 
 meats uyamst Bui- 
 Butler — Ba kerh 
 Butler strong Jot n 
 )out Bank Uurrup- 
 and re-joins his ok 
 
 message, with B, 
 agency for paying 
 
 2, not Baird only, bir. 
 
 bank has not stoppe, 
 : 30th, Hoyl pubhsho^. 
 July, Butler wrote tt 
 uticr's statt-ment thus 
 * than lie could satisfy 
 and wlicn there weic 
 
 I the bills, to lay therri 
 r words, to help them- 
 hrough the press, anc 
 ting concern. At tin 
 sing his own notes ir, 
 ars a day to transieii' 
 usands olincn anili\ 
 
 I'atroon, a favorable 
 f iniavery. 'le kif 
 ;rm, BKron: .k bank 
 ;ot iiini in this way Im 
 re say he nevti aitur- 
 
 get his opinion prai-- 
 jur Dutcli metropoli). 
 -sliop in infancy, an. 
 n knavery in Ibll), a 
 -'r, as district atlonioy 
 ut 'J4, he could covi'r 
 respectable minister, 
 low can thoi-c oscai*' 
 
 II old ago, iiie not tli.'i'. 
 whon hunting dowi: 
 irshals. clerks, naval- 
 cm as if Trice and k 
 
 ed that his letters ar 
 n letter, No. IG, page 
 u very frequently 
 me as often as ^ it>~i 
 
 pensions to revolt;: ary officers from the United States Bank. Mr. Clay 
 remarked that he had no confidence in Butler's opinions while he remained 
 within the pestilential atmosphere of Washington, as Jackson would dismiss the 
 officer who might (like Duane) dare to dilier from him. Mr. Silas Wright 
 (though at Sandy Hill during part of Butler's fraudulent banking movements 
 there, and aware of his eflbrts to deceive the pnblic in the Washington and 
 Warren Bank concern) replied, that Butler " was not to be ati'ccted by any such 
 influence, for he was a man of LN'TEGRIT V, truth, and candor, [ — -J and 
 would not give an opinion which he did not in HIS conscience believe to be 
 1 light.'] 
 
 It his conscience was as elastic as his correspondence indicates, m 1819, what 
 
 'niust it have becoirie in 18:^4 { Should it be his tate, hereatter, to miss a high 
 
 jplace in the sanctuary above, old Beelzebub might very safely install him as 
 
 Iprincipal sub-treasurer below. The ex-president of the Washington and Warren 
 
 IBank will assuredly hold on to the dollars. In view of his management in 1619, 
 
 a clever writer in the Tribune "asks the question, not to wound the feelings of 
 
 the descendants of a lapsed apostle, whether it is probable, had Mr. Butler 
 
 been one of the Twelve, Judas would linve gotten tliat money 1" 
 
 It appears that he expected a small sum in specie, perhaps 1,000 to 4,000 
 ollars — 1)0 to 210lbs — and wc lind him trying to deceive one of the carriers, 
 that others might be deceived through him. "He fBakerj and everybody 
 else thinks I have tons of it (specie) on the way," and if he will not stay for 
 it, " tell him there will not be a Io;m1 until next week." President Polk has 
 been long and well awan- of this deception ; so have his cabinet. Butler 
 remains in olFico ; and is it too much for me to ask the public whether, when in 
 the face of thest; facts and his extortions as district attorney, exhibited in the 
 report of the commissioners appointed by the late President, he holds on with- 
 out a syllable of complaint from Press or Pnsident, such conduct is approved 
 in the highest (|uarters, and ButUir held forth as a pattern for less favored 
 incumbents in otliee ? As to penal laws, against such as him, they are altogether 
 visionary. Hoyt's and M'Nulty's. and similar cases, in point, show that, with 
 OHO essential dilference — ihnj iccre rciiuivid. 
 
 On till' first of July, Butler issued an ollicial statement to the public, through 
 the Sai,d/ Hill Times, in which he very solemnlv avowed his knowledge of the 
 fact, as presiding otHcer, that "TIIK BANK I.S ABLC TO PAY all its debts 
 [quoting scriptmv] ' to tlu^ uttermost farthing.' The; debts due to the bank 
 amount to more than double their notes in circulation, and their debts ARE 
 PERFECTLY SIX U RE."* 
 
 Me duiing rnv present circunrstance^. I seize evorr method of conveyance to give you the 
 earliest information of mv concerns.'' Instead of the second * * ♦ ♦ ♦ read, " The remittance 
 (U's'J.O 10 in current bills by Capt. Wiswall, on Saturday aftnnoon, took all the notes of that 
 ('(Ascription which wore then on hand. 1 have received during the two davs past about tlfjOO 
 in current bills— nf that sum I send bv one messenger >1>X')— and by aiiolhcr jr-aO, to Mr. 
 TicA't, to be converted into specie — and I have, sinco the arrival of Mr. Gilchri.<t with the notes 
 from the Mechanics and f'\armprs' Banlc, lijrected hiin to exchaii'_re them into the notes of that 
 Innk, and In make them advance th;.' sjiccic. U' tint caniiui be done, and the specie cannot 
 be had at Albrny, then the bills will be presented at the Trov banks, who will be compelled to 
 pav^lhc greater p.-u't of thcni." The words le!l out where I place the thiid ♦ ♦ ♦ * ♦, arc 
 " What Mr. Gilchrist will do I am tmablc tn s;iy. I presume, however, he will return with 
 tlio ^t.ige lo-day." The sense of the remainder is not chancjc I by these omissions, which are 
 made to short mi the )vnnphlet. 
 
 ♦ Thou-^h d'Uiii!,' his '• budget," as he calls it, fiom the counter of a dishonestly chartered 
 
 bank, used by a Ni^w Vo'k ^ockiohbjr, to avoid speedy pavments, Ikitlcr had the assurance 
 
 to talk of " sp.'cu'atur^ and bink agent<," "greetly speculators, and arrogant monied aristo- 
 
 jcracios." Jn after life he pluycd tho .'same game "in a larger theatre, slandering and rifling 
 
 
 •' ;-.'i" * •it 
 
 
 •■■■■''■,;■& 1 
 
 
 
 
 •t i 
 
 
 
 w 
 
1 1 
 
 42 
 
 BUTLER FINANCIERING UP AT SANDY HILL. 
 
 BA 
 
 
 ;5' 
 
 ■I 
 
 I'' 
 
 1 
 
 f 
 
 If 
 i. 
 
 Slmiild 
 A mill 
 'I'hf SI. 
 •1'Im' lir 
 Uiir I'', 
 
 On the 19th of November he complains, that no poor wight had ever received 
 " more of public censure and abuse " than himself. " The credit of the paper 
 is very low," and my character is so depreciated at Albany, according to report, 
 that but few of my old acquaintances would acknowledge or receive me." 
 (p. 162.) ilow could it be otherwise 1 Had he not labored unweariedly to 
 cheat the community, or to allow his confederates to do so 1 If there was 
 double the value of the bills afloat in secure, solvent debts, who stole tho.sf 
 obligations, so that the bills went down to 50 and 30 cents 1 If the bank had 
 ample means, who plundered it of tho.se means'? If the politic, ])ious, disin- \\,n .Buioi, CI 
 terested financier, Butler, advised all who valued his word, in June and July, i iJleeclcer and 
 to take the bills at par, and assured them on his honor ^ that they would be paid, | vrifinfi Cliiih 
 and that the bank was good and would stand, what explanation did he give 
 when all but a few favorites found themselves cheated and plundered 1 Ills 
 letters, Nos. 34, 35, 50, and still more especially No. 31, are a queer mixture 
 of religion, law, and banking. As his language was in keeping with this pious 
 exterior, many must have been deceived.* 
 
 tlie U. S. Bank, vliile " tlic parly' were creating Wasliington and Warren banlcs by \\v 
 liundreii, humbly to imitate his tc)(i suci-ossful f.xamph.'. 
 
 In Van Buren's address to the Democratic State Convention of Indiana, he tells the I1^H^ 
 siers thai "the manufacture of paper money has been attempted in every form; it lias beni 
 tried liy individuals, been transferred to corporations by the .States, then to corporations In 
 Congress, engaged in by the States themselves, and has signally failed in all. It has iii 
 general jiroved not the handmaid of honest industry and well regulated enterprise, liut the 
 pampered menial of speculation, iilleness, and fraud, [t has coriupied men of the higlie>! 
 standing; almost destroyed the conlidcnc(^ •)!' mankind in each other; amt darkem-d oii; 
 criminal cak-ndar with names that might otherwise have conlerred honni' aivl benefit on ilv 
 couiilry. There is strong ground for believing that such a system must liavt^ some innati' 
 iiunirnhle defect, of which no legislation can divest it, and against wliich no human wisdmn 
 can guard, or human integrity sustain ilsell.'' Could he noi have gone farther, and adiliH. 
 that lie and his IViends I3utler, Marcy, Tliroop, &c., had done more in the way of this inaiiu 
 facture, corruption, and destruction of conlidence, than any other body of jioliticians in tin 
 Union? 
 
 On the 7th of July, Butler wrote Iloyt that he liad paid, since the run commenced, over 
 ^■9,000 — say S3'25 per day — that he had more cash now than at tirst, " hut sliall now hold u\< 
 — " ought not the public to wait a while'? Wo have crowed full enough." Again, on tin' 
 lOtli, " I will rather sutler tiie public to fret a little than hazard the .safety of t/ie instituliov by 
 paying out too last."' Schuyler owed a note — Butler would not take W. and W. bills in pay- 
 ment — not he. "He will lie .sued," said Butler (page Itll); and when paying his debts li; 
 selected bills of an iniliflii'rent reputation (page 151), "he had no money but what was tiu, 
 good for them. ' On July 14, Butler was '•satislying all fair and proper calls," and abusiiu' 
 (Jlinton as being " raving mail, beside being a fool." August 24, he was " paying daily, in .i 
 slow way." Other banks had got his hank notes, and were about t(! circulate them in (piaii- 
 titles, when Hoyt wassetonwitii a series of cliaiicrry iiijuiiiiioiis,butChaiicellor Kent thwarli : 
 liim, ajul refused to enjoin the lianks not to circulate. In February, 1H\J(), Barker advisfii 
 him that the W. and W. could no longer atl'oul to pay his salary, aiu! 1>. F. Butler rejoimv! 
 his ancient colleague in the law, Van Bureii ; being, " with the assistance of Providenn', 
 fully resolved never again to abtuidon his prolession," He left the bank June 15, 1H20, aiw 
 on "the 19th the firm of Van Buren & Butler was ready to do "anybody's dirty work," with 
 Lorenzt) Hoyt for a .student, and Jes.se, his brother, as their Wall street correspoiulent. In a 
 very lew years after, Butler was Altorney-Geaeral of tiie lle])ublic, and his partner filled tin' 
 chair of Washington. 
 
 ♦ In a card issued through tin; Evening Post, February, IH'25, Barker said that ^'■200,000 nf 
 its stock had been received from liie debtors v\' the bank, Wliy was this done, when if wn^ 
 well known that tlie stock was wortiiless'! Wlio besides Barker hnil S'200,0()0 to pay in! 
 Was it in this way tiiat the .securities for double its bills in circulation went'? If so, what 
 could be a ba.ser cheat ? Stock was no payment of debls due the bank till it.s obligations Ik 
 the public were met, and after that, only at its cash value in the market. 
 
 1 noticed the Wn.shington and Warien Bank, in a publication is.sued in 184U, on which 
 Barker wrote me, from New Orleans, an explanatory letter, as follows: 
 
 " As to the Bank of VVashlnRtoii nnil WHrrnn, yon, In circct, chi\rRo Mr. Viin Hiiren, Mr. Butler, and my 
 self, witli torriiptlnjj llii; l,(>(!islHlurc of Ni'w York to proniru ilir chnrtpr of thiit biinlt. Mr. Viin Huren win 
 nui, In the whulc cuurno ul' hm lil'u, tiitorv ^itvU mv dulUir in the liank ul VVushlngtun uud Warren I A« tu M 
 
 ijnui 
 tiesi'rts liiiiL— 
 the. spoils 
 luii<l<loin siiin 
 — Horace. JV 
 Clinton munli) 
 
 Van Buki:n' 
 lino; that has r 
 (lent of the U 
 
 rfirpciriUinn, I w.is n 
 ■vir lienril ol' ii, I'lirt 
 icr its iiiror|ior:itjiin 
 hcliiink u'iis uiilorli 
 
 lis 1 'I'lllTf WHS not 
 illitlic l.('uisl;iliirc. 
 pen 11 iiliMlllM'r. llo\ 
 
 r, usll:llly o|i|HlM'il 
 vniiirriicy i< in'l lo 
 ics iKit iiislaiitlv'itsi 
 
 'flic facts |)ul)lis 
 rr trii'd to |ialm i 
 din the S.'nate .b 
 Kit they li;id a vc 
 
 I ciMits in the ) 
 iiiivery was pvaci 
 
 II U) endorse Bull 
 I'.iiller was very 
 
 liivl published hi; 
 till the bankers w 
 1), a New Voiic I 
 11,1 \V. notes at H 
 L'livi'r ilu'iii at 5 
 iiiii','e I'aiilc bills 
 
 |]iuler's fiill-leii 
 kiiuirriilic }{'rirtt 
 ir) kit the bank, 
 .iiUi'il." Far be 
 
 ii'i' api^ropriate 
 
 111 Juil'', IH-Jl,i 
 nunl ; llien— but 
 ii'iits," which M 
 MS a dead failn 
 nv. 
 
 Ill Angus!, IHI! 
 t Sandy Hill, for 
 i'!,';iii his Mxcluii 
 l;i\, IHl!)— that 
 I (hat nioiilh h 
 uliich occasione 
 I' had redeemed 
 ?,//(/,, " FUOiM 
 
had ever received 
 edit of the paper 
 icording to report, 
 or receive nie." 
 d unweariedly to 
 ) 1 If there was 
 who stole these 
 If the l)ank hml 
 itic, pious, disin- 
 in June and July, 
 I'y would be paid, 
 ation did he give 
 plundered 1 Ilis 
 i a queer mixture 
 iig with this pious 
 
 larren banks by \]v 
 
 an., Ill- tells the IltH). 
 •vy thvm ; it lias beni 
 II lo ouriHiralirms bv 
 !cl in all. It has io 
 (I cnlfrprise, biil llif 
 
 I men of llic llif^la'.^! 
 and darkened mir 
 
 II ii- and benefit on liv 
 isi have some innati', 
 'ii no human wisdom 
 e farther, and addiil 
 le way of this inaiiii- 
 
 of jiolitirians in tin 
 
 'un commenced, owt 
 lit shall now hoUl ii|i 
 iigh." Auain, on tin' 
 y of t/it! iiis/itiiliov liv 
 . and W. bills in pay- 
 1 payiiijj his debts li 
 ley but what was ti*. 
 r calls," and abusini" 
 s " payins( daily, in a 
 culale them in (juaii- 
 ncellor Kent thwarti ; 
 IH'JO, Karker advisii! 
 
 !i. F. Butler rejoined 
 itance of Providence, 
 ik June 15, 1820, ani 
 ly's dirty work," willi 
 correspondent. In a 
 
 his partner lilled the 
 
 said that ^200,000 -ii 
 lis done, when it wa^ 
 ^•200,000 to pay in ! 
 nwent'f If so, whai 
 till its obligations i<> 
 
 id in 1843, on which 
 
 •en, Mr. Biitlor, and my 
 Ilk. Mr. Van Hurcn wh« 
 uittl Warren ! Ah to iu 
 
 
 BARKER AND TIIK WASIIINOTOM AND AVARRl'N BANK. 4'1 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Slioiild Ji;si'ii K rail lo lialtle, the a|)phiiuiiim' shoiii we'd raisi'; 
 
 A iiiillioii swords wiuild lea\'e llieir sheallis, a iiiillicui liaynticis lila/e, 
 
 'I'lie stem resolve, (he ei)iira;::e lii'jh, the mind iinlained by ill, 
 
 'I'lie /ires thai wanned our Li-iadhk's bre.isl, his fcilloweis' bosums lill. 
 
 Uiir I'Vai'ukus Ihmc llie slioek of u'ar — their Sovs can bear ii siill. 
 
 i>,h:t,> Uknj Juhj, \H\:lJ,ij Williiini. Ciillni nnh/nf. 
 
 k'iin Biirev^ C'linfi)n, Sjuncfr, Madison^ and the War »/].sl2. The ('tiuciis. — 
 lUeeckcr and ihniiilton. — Vanlhueii iipposnl to iVtir. — //e .sloiidt f'orcmosi iii 
 iirifinfi Clinton lo l(dc tin fuld utjnhist .Madison, — Injures CHnt(>?i and I ken 
 ikscrls him. — Madison triuinidis. — Van liar en joins llie rirlois and hears o(j' 
 the spoils. — The true Polieif of this Union. — (Ireat Reformation in the United 
 KiiKjdom si nee ISl'J. — Vast increase of Popular Jnlluenee anil Liberal Measures. 
 — Horace Walpole.. — JImhrose t-ipcurcr on Van liuren''s ero<d,cd course in li>\2. 
 CHnlon munli/, ablCy honest. — Duane and Spencer (/an', him (jood counsel. 
 
 Van Uukiin's history exhibits an ah.solulc disregard to jirinoiplc, in evi^y- 
 liinn; that has rclalidn to llie choirc of caiididaU^s for PrcsiiUMit and Vice Pre- 
 iilent of the LJiiitt'd States, or lo the mode of lliiMr t'leotion. ()n the 22d of 
 
 iliiw lie Vdlcil I never knew — |iresiimo in tlii! iieL'iilive, ns he, iis well iis Mr. liiiller iinti niy- 
 ■iT, usii:illy c]|i|iiiM'cl (he iniTcMse nl' ileisc iiinnii'il ;iiistiiir,icie-J, Ihii-e piivili'L'eil rinliTs. My tliiiriieler liir 
 viiiiwrHi'y is iiiit III lie iiiiestiiiiied iil llii>i bile il.iy. N(i man sees or hears the nunie iif Juciili l>:irker, who 
 liisncit insUilillviissdCialu Iherowilh Deniiieiiioy.' 
 
 'I'lie facts ptibli.sheil in ihis voliiine are the bi'sl repiv to such erroneous slateinents as !5ar- 
 fitrii'(l to palm iipmi the |iiiblic. Van Ijiiien's cuiKiiicl in iccttiiii; the charier 1 have .stated 
 uiii the S'Miate Joiiiiial ; and as to tiie paviiieiils lo the bill-holders, Miiller's letters will show 
 lat they had a very poor chance of iietiini,' them. Hills that are paid are not ipioted at 2') to 
 II ei'Hts in the prices ciirivnt; lint, doiihtless, when the .securities were so amjile, niiicli 
 iiavery was practised, which will only see the liulil when the recordini!; aniLcel shall be called 
 II locndur.se Hiitlei's pieiy, or refuse a cerlilicaie. 
 
 I'.iiller was very saucy to ihe br<ikers — they could i;et scarc'ly any payments from him — 
 liivt published his lelli'i in ihe Alb;iny ]iaiieiN. callini,'' llivin '■ leeches upon the body ))(;litic" — 
 mi llie bankers were not much more foriiinaie. Hy wav of retaliation (see Barker's pam))h- 
 '1), ;i New Voi'k broki'i' hawked about the slreels a pidposal lo contract to deliver Butler's VV. 
 inl \V. notes at Hll ceiils to the dollar, within six luoiiliis. Allerwards, Ihe biokeis ollered to 
 .•!iy;'r lliem at .'id cents. In a few iiionllis ihey came down lo I!.") cents, ;iiid Barker's E.v- 
 i!iii','e liank bills fell lo 10 cents. 
 
 Dmler's fiill-leii;.^th [licliire, and an elaborale memoir, appeared in his friend O'Sullivan's 
 hiiKin-iitii: Jl'-rlnn for January, lH!iI>, in which the public are assured that " before he (But- 
 
 1) li l"t the liaiik, by ifreal e.\ertion and care, its t-reilit was restored, and specie payments re- 
 iMi'd.'' Far be ii from me to call this u lie, but it would puzzle Huiler himself lo find a 
 ime appi'opriati! description. 
 
 Ill June, IH-Jl, afier the VV. and W. Bank notes were bou,i,dit in at ,^)0 to T.^'i per cent, dis- 
 :)unl; iheii — but not lill llien — did this fraudulent concern lecommence a.^'ain "cash pay- 
 leiils," which Mr. 15,'irk-er or his instrimii'iiis kept up for some years. 'The l';xclianf,'e Batik 
 las a dead failure, o{' which its owner j,'ol rid by taking the heiiefil of the State insolvent 
 ' «•. 
 
 Ill Aiii,'ust, IHIO, Mr. Jacob Barker is.sued a )>amplilet, a bundle of which he sent to Butler, 
 
 Sandy Hill, for :reiieral eireulatioii. One of these is now liefore < It states that Harker 
 
 '!,Mn his Ivvcliaiii,^' liank, in New ^'ork, with a capital of >i;-rit),o , ihat it (loinislp'd till 
 l;i>, IHIi)— that the ayer'i;,'e circulation of its notes was over li;ill a million of ilollars — tiiat 
 I ilial month he ci-ased to pay mit l''.xchaiiu:e noies, sulistitulin.L,' Wa.shiii','lon and Warren 
 which occasioned the run on duller, at: Kaiidv Hill)— that from Aul;us|, IHIH, to IVIay, \S\9, 
 e had redeemed, nt par, ^tji.'iHv},! I.'i of W. and VV. Iiills, ;md that ///• i,iafiili:rcil tlw W. and W. 
 Inil., "IMIUM rilK KNOVVLIllKiK UK I UD (»!'' ITS t'n.NCKKNS, AS tiOOD AiS 
 
 ■:::'A:% 
 
 W^;.. 
 
 ■r. i ir 
 
 Mi: 
 
 
44 
 
 VAN BITREN AND THE WAR OP 1812. 
 
 
 
 I*- 
 
 6 
 
 
 I 
 
 '■h 
 
 
 May, 1S12, James Madison was nominated by the members of Congress of t'ti: 
 democratic party — the nomination had Jeilorson's approbation. On the 29th (; 
 that month, and within seven days of the caucus choice of Madison, all the ri. 
 publicans in the Legislature of N. Y. except four, met at Albany, 95 membc; 
 present — 87 voted to nominate a candidate, in opposition to Madison, and tli 
 VVashin«;ton caucus, and De Witt Clinton was unanimously nominated. Gei 
 James VV. Wilkin oresided at this State caucus, and Van Buren approved ar 
 sui'Horted its choice. He had been for a caucus of Congressmen in ISOS — wq. 
 against it in 1812 — for it ngain in 1S16, when Monroe was nominated — and ii 
 leader in 1821 in favor of Crawford. In 1828 he denounced it as unconsiiii 
 tional, and in 1832 supported the packed system of Baltimore conventions,!: 
 which the people have little influence, and the leaders are everything. 1: 
 1824 he was for putting down public opinion when he tliouglit it would c 
 against his nomiiiee, Crawford — and he did prevent the people from electin, 
 electors of ])resident. In 1828 he had obtained quite a now view, and spok 
 in favor of district elections, and since then ibe general ticket system has ^i 
 his approbation. He hated atul despised the poor foreigner in 1821 ai,. 
 1824. It got to be ftisliionablo to speak respectfully of Irishmen when Gei:t 
 ral Jackson took the helm — and who had sooner learnt to admire tliemselvt 
 and their country in 1S29, more than the flatterer of power, Van Buren 1 
 
 Crawford was a leading member of the caucus which noininalod Madison i- 
 1812, and R. M. Johnson was its secretary. Van Burcn was then politicall; 
 opposed to him in almost every sense, banking and currency included. Twelv> 
 years p.fter [1&24) he seeins to liave almost adored him. 
 
 When Van Burtn became President, he hastened to appoint Harmaniii 
 Bleecker a lawyer of Albany, and former member of Congress, one of the moi. 
 thorough-going opponents of Madison and the war, to be Minister to Hollaii(! 
 When he joined Jackson's administration, he sent James A. Hamilton, Hoyt 
 correspondent, (pages 205 and 20'J,) who was so ready to endorse Swartwout 
 doctrine, that, although all the candidates were avowed and acknowledge; 
 republicans, yet the s[)oils principle must be adhered to, and oflTice-holdc; 
 turned out if they had supported any other candidate than the successful one 
 On this principle, Jonathan Thompson, the chairman or secretary of Old Tam- 
 many in 1812, when that society was foremost in the war ranks, hud to vaca! 
 the collectorship of jN'ew York, to make room for Samuel Swartwout, Burri 
 old agent in the jNIexican invasion, or dismemberment of the Union ; James i 
 
 ANY OTIICR, IF xNOT TlIK BEST IN AMERICA." '• Da-unfc J Ihui>- th: paper to ■ 
 irowrf,'' said Rarkfy. '• / reroiiniicinf to mri/ mun fho^t: mux/ opiiiinii I vis/i to jinsnrc, to tu. 
 the iwlef, of l/w H'us/ihuston. iwil W'orrni liuiih. end alsn Hit luitif uf the K.irhnn^^c Dank, for a 
 ■propcrtv he wishes tn S'/f. ■• The iKiti's ol' the W. ami W., payal'lo in N. \., will, (Voni i!,: 
 date, be nunctually redeemed nl this (Exehaii^'e) Hank ; and the olhers will continue to^ 
 redeemed at the Bank at 8andy Hill. ' '• I roiilidently calciilnte that no man will approa: 
 the polls at the ne.\t .'^prin;';' elerlion witji a hill fof the Exehanire IJankJ in his juvket whir. 
 lie rannol then convei't iiiio money, at pin\ il' he ehooi-es to do so." 
 
 Time showed that all this was a deeeption. a iVaiid ol the most repreliensihle characlo: 
 but it did not diminish die close intimaey then subsisting between Hovt, Butler, Barker, ar, 
 Van Buren. 
 
 Butler, Barker, ami Van Buren, in those days, were all National Bank men. Barker.!: 
 his pamphlet, jia^e 18, e.xpresses the opinion, '-that, some day or other, the whole bankir.r 
 business of the country will be done by a national bank and pi'ivate bankers; the former w 
 redeem its paper with specie, and the latter with the notes of the national bank. If the pr" 
 sent Bank of the U. .S. shoidd be conducted with ability and prudence, it will be a very pio- 
 fitable as well as usefid e^tablishmi-iit. ' If a specie currency cannot, or will not be resoiift 
 to, and if f!ie pro. >is<'s to pav of the nation are not to b' lised as the circulating meJiun. 
 Barker's i.lea is ceiiainly inlinitely preferable to !)l)() paper-issuing factories, beyond all olhfl 
 control than that of a bankrupt law, and many ol them beyond even tlmt. 
 
 V. 
 
 Hamilton too! 
 ment of State 
 gift of the Go 
 at ^QVf York, 
 B. F. Butler s 
 On the 8th 
 party in Huds 
 a mtv-'ting of I 
 
 war.' Ainrnnr 
 
 A. Hamilton, 
 convened and 
 and that to en 
 
 I do not hia 
 jrained by war 
 such measure 
 h'« biographer 
 fersonian Deni 
 Duane, Calhoi 
 of that day. 
 
 Van Buren, 
 dated Oct. 3, 
 
 *' He had, f 
 of the Democ 
 uncle, George 
 and su.stained 1 
 ado ' party, 
 by their choic 
 for several yet 
 which olfice h 
 of the measur 
 Tompkins ; w 
 ratists, and in 
 party who wo 
 
 Van Buren 
 to Madison, as 
 session of the 
 relations prev 
 sind never aga 
 
 There were 
 lachusetts, Rl 
 -89 votes. 
 Tan Buren do 
 i\'ith the peopl 
 ong opposed, 
 incere conver 
 Ihy^ Grundy, 
 ninent advoca 
 
 His partner 
 iays that " th 
 Mr. Clinton," 
 r>f public poll 
 ' was an open 
 jreat Britain 
 
VAN BUREN, CLINTON, AND THE ELECTION OF 1812. 
 
 45 
 
 gift of the Government, north of the Delaware, that of U. S. District Attorney 
 at New Vork. He gave way in 1834 to Price, a bird of the same feather ; and 
 B. F. Butler succeeded on the flight of Price. 
 
 On the 8th of July, 1812, some prominent individuals belonging to the peace 
 party in Hudson, Van Buren's residence, published an address, recommending 
 a mt.jting of the party ' for the purpose of denouncing James Madison and the 
 Among other onnonents of the war. this address was signed by Jaia'^o 
 
 war-' 
 
 of Congress of tli. i Hamilton took, for a time, the seat of Henry Clay at the head of the depart- 
 n. On the 29lh ( I ment of State, which he soon exchanged for the most lucrative oflBce in the 
 ^ladison, all the r.- ' - '' ^"^ '^ •■ ---'- -'^ ^i- i^ -> .i--. -r n ^ t^:_.„:„. a ..„ 
 
 Ibany, 95 membci 
 3 Madison, and tli: 
 • nominated. Gti 
 luren approved ar, 
 imen in ISOS — wi 
 lominated — and it 
 sd it as unconstitii 
 ore conventions, i; 
 re everything. 1: 
 louglit it would J 
 •ople from electin, 
 iw view, and spok: 
 ;ket system has gf 
 igner in 1821 ar, 
 shinen when Gei;t 
 
 admire themselve 
 V, Van Buren 1 
 ninalcd Madison >: 
 Aus then politicall; 
 
 included. Twelv 
 
 appoint Harmaniii 
 
 ss, one of the mos 
 
 Minister to Holland 
 
 1A. Hamilton, the warm personal friend of Van Buren. ine nucison meetmg 
 convened and resolved, ' That the war is impolitic, unnecessary, and disastrous, 
 and that to employ the militia in an offensive war is unconstitutional.' 
 
 I do not blame Van Buren ; because, being of opinion that nothing was to be 
 gained by war, in 1812, he supported Clinton, supposing that he would pursue 
 such measures as would earlier ensure a lasting peace ; but 1 blame him and 
 h'« biographers for endeavoring to pursuade the public now, that he was a Jef- 
 fersonian Democrat in IS 12, and friendly to the declaration of war, like Clay, 
 Duane, Calhoun, Grundy, and the other loading supporters of the administration 
 of that day. 
 
 Van Buren, in a letter to E. I\I. Chamberlain and others, Goshen, Indiana, 
 dated Oct. 3, 1840, thus speaks of De Witt Clinton, and 1812 : — 
 
 " He had, for many years previous, and down to that period, been the leader 
 of the Democratic parly, in New York. He was the private secretary of his 
 uncle, George Clinton — was a member of the Legislature in 1797 and 1800, 
 and sustained the Democracy in the 'reign of terror ' against the 'Black Cock- 
 ade ' party. He was chosen U. S. Senator in 1801 by the former, occupied 
 by their choice, various public stations in New York ; was in the State Senate 
 L Hamilton, Hoyl for several years before the war ; elected Lieutenant Governor by them in 1811, 
 ndorse Swartwout which office he still held in 1812 ; acted with his party to that period, in support 
 and acknowledge: of the measures of the General and State administrations, under Madison and 
 , and office-holder: Tompkins ; was to tliat period abused with unsparing bitterness by the Fede- 
 the successful one ralists, and in return, he applied to them his well remembered description ' of a 
 retary of Old Tam party who would rather rule in Hell than servo in Heaven.' " 
 anks, hud to vara: Van Buren adds, that he supported Clinton in November, 1812, in preference 
 Swartwout, Burr'i to Madison, as being an advocate of war measures ; — and that, " At the ensuing 
 e Union ; James .i session of the Legislature, which commenced in January, 1813, the political 
 relations previously existing between Mr. I'linton and myself were dissolved, 
 md never again resumed.'' 
 
 There were Iti States in 1812. New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Mas- 
 sachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut, Ment for Clinton 
 —89 votes. Madison got 104. Other IS votes would have elected Clinton. 
 \'an Buren doubtless considered that that great man had injured himself deeply 
 ft'ith the people, for he left him next session, and went over to the party he had 
 ong opposed, became useful to them in the Senate, and professed to be a very 
 iincere convert to the prmciples and measures of Messrs. Madison, Calhoun, 
 Clay, Grundy, Root, Spencer, Duane, Jackson, Rutgers, and the other pro- 
 ninent advocates of armed resistance to European oppression and misrule. 
 
 His partner and parasite, Butler, in a letter to Hugh A. Garland, March, 1S35, 
 fays that " the republicans of the legislature of 1811-12, who brought forward 
 Mr. Clinton," had supported JefHirson and Madison " in all the great questions 
 f public policy connected with our foreign relations" — and that Van Buren 
 ' was an open and decided advocate of all the strong measures proposed against 
 "Jreat Britain during the session of Congress of 181 1-12, the war included." Be- 
 
 / hnui" the paper to ■ 
 Irish to pra^rrvi', to l<\. 
 '■J.ri'fi(in:;r Diinh\ forc: 
 I N. v., will, from iL 
 (MS will continue to^ 
 no ni;in will npprocf; 
 1<J in ins jiocKx'l whir; 
 
 pri'licnsililf chnractc: 
 )yt, l?iiil('r, Barker, ar,; 
 
 Sank men. Bnrkfr, :: 
 
 icr, the wholi' bankir: 
 
 ankt'rs; the Ibrineiw: 
 
 nial bank. It' the jr? 
 
 , it will be a very \k- 
 
 or will not be rcsorte: 
 
 he circulating nieJium 
 
 tori OS, beyond all olhei 
 
 llict. 
 
 II 
 
 •;f 
 
 "i. 
 ('1 
 

 46 
 
 rortriGN policy op England, iieu recent reforms. 
 
 It*! 
 
 ; 
 
 fore the election of 1840, Bliiir tokl us, in the Globe, the printing presses for which 
 were bought and paid for by Van Buren's speculating friends in New York, 
 (see Daniel Jackson's letter,) that Van Buren wrote the {Senate's reply to Tomp- 
 kins' Message of IS 14. Jt says that " an administration selected for its icisdum 
 and its nrtucs will, in our opinion, prosectde the war till our multiplied wrmujs are 
 upended, and our riijhls secured.'''' If Van Buren, in 1811-12, was u decided ad- 
 \ ocate of strong measures and of war, why did lui denounce the caucus system 
 of which ho was so fond in ISOS and 1S21, and which Butler revered when lie 
 supposed Andrew JaeksoJi was to be put down by it ? ^Vhy did he denounce a 
 caucus in 1812, join those wiio sought lo ])ut down this wise and virtuous 
 administration, whose foreign jxdiey Butler tells us he had approved of, and vole 
 with tlu! Hartford Convention men, and the feileral States of Massachusetts, 
 Rhode Island, and Connecticut, for Clinton ! JSo one will argue that Massa- 
 chusetts and Connecticut supported Clinton as the; war candidate. If he was 
 such, where is the proof of it '{ 
 
 That W. C. Bryant,* \h\ Channing, Daniel Webster, and hundreds of emi- 
 
 ♦ It is iiiuk'rstoiid lo li.'ivc lu'i'ii llii' jiidiry 111' l''rniico Iicliiro tli'' I'.'iliiliilnlioii olCiiii'lier, in 
 iiiiile witli llic liiiliaiis, and surrniiiul ilic iMiijIisli m'IiIiiir'IiIs in iN'uilli y\im'i ir;j, by a icai 
 roMuiuinicjitiiiii III' iiiililaiy liuls, jinliiiiiusiy |il;ici'il liciwccii In'i ruldiiy ul |,(iiiisi;ina nnd \\w 
 dwellers cm Ilic liniilcsof llic Si. l.;i\\ iviiri'. Somr siicli sclifinc is now inipiilfd lo niit;iiii 
 u'ilh ii \ ic'W lo ((ii'ii'c the Ihiili'd Sljilcs — and lioiiiiciiiiix, in a wi'll wiillcii paiiiphli'l, t'vi 
 (kiitly cii'dils ii. lie says tlial llir AnIiIiuiIom Mealy, uliieli was eeriainly a vi-ry iiard liaiijinii 
 to lliese Slates, eiialiles JMit^daiid lo assiiiiie a truly roiiiiidalili' alliiiidi' mi ilic iioillieni aiiil 
 nortliwesteni Irontiers t)f liie Union —lo stir up llie hostile Indian trilii's, childly wt'si ol' ih,. 
 Mississippi — and, that ifl'e.vns was nol annexed, JMiv'land woidd <'oiiliol ihc (jiiltur Alexiin, 
 seuller her emissaries amuiiL,' the Indiansall the way uplo Miihi;.''aii, and I'lieiri'h' this ivpiili- 
 lie with eiieniies, savai,^' and idvili/ed, who uoiild risi' lo our injury at her hiddiiii,'. 
 
 [I' Repnhlii'aii ^Viiierica irniaiii iriie to hi-r oriijinal di'siijn — il' liiu'rh', liascd u\\ inlelli.'^enci', 
 jiistiee, and industry well rfwarded, eontinne to he sidistanliallv enjoyed hy her people, no 
 eliiirts ol' I'liiirland, or of MiiLdand and l''raiiee eondiined, can i^erinaiieiilly retard her pr()ifre^s 
 — no lailioads, northern colonies, western Indians, oi' hirelini; nii'ici'naries, would avail iniiili 
 lor eoiuiuesl. France is a conipacl eouniry, suiioumlcd li\ alisolutc monarchies, and In 
 Holland, KnH;land, ami Swil/crland — hut was she not siriniircr airninsi cundiiiied lunnin'. 
 when hatllinu; t'oi' liherly uiidei' the fli.'u: of Cree iustitulions, and contined within her iialtir;il 
 limits, than wlien her rroiitiers included Italy, Holland, and a j^ieat jiait o( Ciermany auii 
 Spain, under the despotism o| >iapoleon '! In her sirnirt;les lor !j;oihI tjovej nmeiil, ihe iit'iiereu- 
 and the just, the IkiUI iind the hrave, everywhere asked llea\en to hless her — in her wars tii 
 aniitfxation or eonijuest she hecanu' weak, and when I lirsl iravelle I over hei- " vine-eovcui 
 fields and ,i;ay valleys," she was a captive, Iwr sli-onirholds irarrisoncd hv lMi'j;lislimen, Itiiv 
 siaus, FriissiiiMs, and Ausirians, and ilie indiecile Hourhoiis and oUl luihlcsse hore rule as llii' 
 vieej^erents of Melternieh, Ah.'xaiuler, and the hamn (JastleieaLch. In my o|)iiiion, rcspectlull', 
 oU'ered, as revised and corrected hy what I have seen hi'ie, ihc (Inloii runs more risk iIuoiivl 
 the (!Xeriions ol' the pally in power to "Xleiid and per])elu:ile shncrv ; iiillict on us the evils n; 
 an unsound eiirreney ; keep millions ol' the people deiriadetl and iLfiioraiil ; stir up stieli scene- 
 as were witnessed in I'liihulelpiiia in IMI, through naiiveism and religions hatreds; boricm 
 large sums Irom roreign ualions, spend the iiioiiey in a iirolligaie manner under the saiiciiri 
 ol' sovereign States, and then virtually repudiate the dejiis ; and oinil toenroice cipial lawsaii. 
 a pure adMiiiiisliation ot'justiee. 
 
 When we si-e threat nation like Urilaln, sirugi^ling under ihe heavies! load ol' piihiie iM' 
 lliiil ever was horne hy any people, and yei aceomplishiiiir, in an age, many ol the mo>t gigair 
 lie relbriiis and iinproveuienis on which this repiihlii; pridi's itsell — wlien we see ihe miml > 
 Ihe people (.■(|ual In the task' ol'so I'ar sulidiiing an ai i'-tocraev, ai lea^i as uniled, piiwerlul,;ii 
 sftlendid, as liia! which issued Irom die easlles and mansions of Ki'anee into e\ih' and poveii. 
 Idly \eais since, as lo ensure to ihe millions ihe prospect ol' a tree trade w ith all iialious ii 
 ;;raiii ami pro\ isions, while we lay heavy taxes on liiieigii |iroduce--al such a lime as tlii''' 
 Would as niiwillinglv go to hatile wiih Ihe powerlul liiiion as w iih ihe ll'cMe Mexieaii. 'I'! 
 day was when Tree America rejoiced at e\ erv li'iuiii|i|i ol rrcedom nii lie' nld snd. "Willi 
 never, never come again '! 
 
 Since IHIIJ, IJiilain has desiroyid her lutleii hoiuugh represeiilaliou in ihe three kingtloiii- 
 and given Maiiehesier, llirmiug'ham, Leeds, Sheiiield, I'^dinhurgh, Ahi'ideen, Dundee, Uiviii- 
 ocii, and other jiopulous toinmunities a voie'e in her Parliament. She Las put down llii 
 
 ure^ 
 
 nent, learned 
 of opinion thi 
 
 ': American set 
 strengthen A 
 guish insteai 
 much ill-will. 
 is probable ei 
 on, and Madi 
 were for war. 
 
 ] ihat majority, 
 
 ! D'airped borougl 
 proved niuiiicij) 
 a lu'iiving the com 
 <\ hunuigh svstein, 
 ■' and IJaniel 0'(J 
 ' seven cent stam] 
 ■ «ay to a redueti 
 : liy us yet 5 to I il 
 : ik'iiiaiided (! eeni 
 , I', ney, hut she ha 
 all sums under ,■;] 
 ahvavsin gold ai 
 piihlicity, and lu: 
 ; Iiiiiain, too, si 
 \ iii.'iny grievous d 
 ; |ile; and the l()ri 
 lest acts and o| 
 ■' in' many cases, u 
 ( MMiie in MiiLrlaiii 
 jaild lessened tlii 
 ; valiiahle reforms 
 * -hip and eouniv 
 1 canals and railn 
 J ilieir eDinnierce, 
 iivase the numi 
 regions of God's 
 iii'diillars to hlot 
 licr jury and lihe 
 Ihe last thirty \\ 
 Mieiety and her 
 and iniprisonecl 
 k lit aniendrneiit- 
 ilniies lessened : 
 (ir less utility, aif 
 a year, a direct ir 
 a year, whethei' 
 none of it. Not 
 ten ; and she pro 
 iiiimomily of suj^ 
 s.i.in have as dei 
 many other ehaii 
 India company ti 
 ef the tythe syste 
 itini [likes, canals 
 rceeiU reforms. 
 Ill' England, ami 
 is there that won 
 worlc(>d harder ii 
 luuler the iron yi 
 sinnerity in the 
 lioctrines of Joh 
 —the North Oar 
 experience migh 
 one policy, and i 
 
)RMS. 
 
 iresses for which 
 s in New York, 
 5 reply to Tomp- 
 d for its loisduin 
 plied wrongs are. 
 as II decided ad- 
 e caucus system 
 (;v(!red when lie 
 id he denounce a 
 nse and virtuous 
 oved of, and vole 
 f Massachusetts, 
 r^ue that Massa- 
 idate. If he was 
 
 \undreds of en>i- 
 
 iliiiion (irQ.iii'1'fo, li' 
 I yXiiii'iiiii, l>y a it'iii 
 i| l,taiisi;iiKi ami lln' 
 ,v iiiipuifil !>' Miimiii 
 ritlcu p:iiii|ililt't, t'vi 
 ,-ii v(M\ liiiiil liari,'inii 
 till the MtirlluMii ati^l 
 <, cliii'llv wi'sl <'l' '111' 
 I ihc Giilt "iMfxiiv, 
 (I eiicircit' lliis a'puli- 
 lur hidiling. 
 lasi'd ciii iiiti'llii^enci', 
 ■f(l l)y lirr pi'oiilf, iiii 
 y ri'laid litT protjros 
 I's, WDiilil avail iiiuili 
 iiioiKiifliii's, and li\ 
 st ciimliiiit'il lOiiiniv, 
 (I within lii'f naliinil 
 pari nt Cu'iniaiiy aim 
 niiiii'iil, 111'" sii'ia-ioih 
 lici — ill lifi' wars li.: 
 CI her " viiR'-i'iivi'K'i 
 1)\- l^ii'^disiiiiii'ii, Kiiv 
 Icssc l)()ic vulo as llu' 
 ,■ opiiiiuii, ii'.vipcfirull; 
 HIS inure \f^\< lliroiii;!. 
 Ilii I nil us llio rvilsui 
 
 It ; stir lIllstli'llSi'CIK- 
 ;ioUs halivds; hoUOW 
 
 cv iiiiili'r llif saiH'tic I 
 nforci' (Mpial lausan' 
 
 ,i load of piil'iif dil'' 
 my ()( the iimst i^i^aii- 
 I'll' \vi' sec ilii' iniiiil 1 
 - iiiiili'd, piiwcrliil.iUi 
 iiilo r\ilc and powit 
 di- Willi ail nalitius II 
 
 I siK'li a liini-' as tliiM 
 rch'.r Mexican. 'H.- 
 
 ll,.' l.ld snd. "Willi 
 
 II il,c ilnv' kinydoiii^ 
 derii, Dundee, Gl'OlV 
 ho Las put (luwu thf 
 
 GREAT REFORMATION IN ENGLAND, IRELAND, AND SCOTLAND. 
 
 47 
 
 nent, learned, and faithful men, of high talents and much experience, were then 
 of opinion that a war would not force England to abandon her impressment of 
 American seamen and other bad practices, that a continuance of peace would 
 strengthen America, prevent immense losses to her commerce then afloat, extin- 
 "•uish instead of greatly increasing her public debt and other burthens, avoid 
 much ill-will, and save the lives of many thousands of innocent human creatures, 
 is probable enough: but when the war was raging, tht; national policy decided 
 oil, and Madison the candidate of the majority, the democracy, the party wlio 
 wore for war, why did Van Buren then vkv.e Cunton on to a contest against 
 that majority, whose conduct, he says, in 1814, he had ever approved, and endea- 
 
 nsnrpcd bormufh Koverinnnnts whirli obtained in hor towns and ritips; qiven the towns im- 
 
 provod nniniei])al eharlers, with ihe power ol'eloclinir their mayors, aldermen, &c., and im- 
 
 provin.if ihe coiulilion of and udueatini^ the masses. She has broken down in Ireland the clo.se 
 
 lioroutjli system, in so niiieh that the proscription and favoritism oCold times are at an end, 
 
 and Daniel O'Connell, a Itoman Catholie, has been Mayor of Dublin. Siie has reduced tiie 
 
 seven cent stamp duty on newspapers to two cents, mail postaii^e included — and has led the 
 
 «ay to a reduction of letter postai^e, chari^ins^ only two cents for ii letter, any distance, chavi^ed 
 
 i Ipv us yet 5 to 10, and lor which she formerly e.vaeted 10 cents to half a crown, while wc 
 
 ili'inaiided (■) eenls to 50. She has neither brolvcn down the I'ank of En;,dand nor a paper cur- 
 
 r, iii-y, but she has chan'j^ed an irredeemable paper circiilatinij medium into i^oU and silver for 
 
 :ill sums under $2^}, and her :}«;!.') and hi'/her denominations of bank notes are redeemable 
 
 iilwavs in fjold at the I'ank of Kn'^laml, which is under an ellicient supervision, includins^ real 
 
 |ii'i)li(ity, and no safely fund ])olilical inaidiinery to mar its useful ne.ss. 
 
 Ilritain, too, since IHl!), has emanei|ialeil both pnilestants and catholics, the latter from 
 
 \ iiKiiu' i;iievous disabilities, which had previously made them a discontented, persecutetl ])eo- 
 
 : pie; and the lormer, when dissenters from Ihe I'roteslanI l'',pisco]ial Church, by removiiiir the 
 
 lest acts ami oppressions which ke|it I'lesbylerians, tluakers, Independents, Methodirt.-s 
 
 I in' many ca.ses, out of places of power and tru.-^l ; has endowed many schools in Ireland, and 
 
 I ^(lllle in Mnvdand ; cncoura'.^cd meclianies' iiisliinies, and the spread of seienlilic kno\vled<,'c ; 
 
 hind lesscneil the disaliiliiics under which the .lews siilfeivd. She has made many and 
 
 ; valuable reforms in her <'ol(inies; ti;iven the Canadians the local administration of their low'ii- 
 
 • 'hip and coiiniy alfairs, lent them lari,'e sums df money, i,'ivcii them muniljcent i^rants 'i)r 
 
 ii'imals and railroads, lent them millions and endorsed the loans, and done iiiiich toencourajje 
 
 sihi'ir commene, and free it from ancient shackles. While we are doiiii,'our very best U) in- 
 
 ii'ii'iise the numbers of wretclii'il, honeless victims who iiiiie in slavery, and cursinti; new 
 
 lit",'ioiis of God's earth with that horriil scourire, Britain has jiaid nearly four hundred millions 
 
 |uf dollars to blot out Afrii'nn biindau;e from ihe lace of the earth ; slip has greatly improved 
 
 her jury and libel laws, she has humani/ed her |ienal code, she has done more than we within 
 
 the last thirty years to make the civil code clear, distinct, and suitable to the condition of 
 
 I'Ociely and lier institutions. The cruel restrictions on a free press which banished many 
 
 and imprisoned more, are chietly repealed; the navi^ration laws reduced into one act; excei- 
 
 h nt amendments made in many of her <'ourts of justice, as to their procedure ; her stamp 
 
 ilnties lessened ; and while salt, soap, tea, su;:ar, coliee, and a thou.sand other thinj^s of more 
 
 (irless utility, are either freed from ta.\ali<in, or the tax on them le.-sened at least fiily millions 
 
 a vear, a direct tax of twelve cents |ier pound is laid on the incomes of all men wiuth over S700 
 
 a vear, whether from bank slock or bioad acres, but persons under ft'TOO a year income pay 
 
 lume of it. Not lone; since she took three millions of dollars, yearly duty, oil' American coi- 
 
 i.in ; and she jiroliibits the ijrowih of tobacco in the tlniled Kimrdom, ^ivim,"- us the virtual 
 
 monopoly of sii)iplyinu: her. ruder the jin 'posed system of trade, Hulfalo and Loekporl will 
 
 sKin have as deep an interest in peaie with Mnijlaud as Charleston now has. These, and 
 
 many other chanires for the better, iiicliidimj the brcalcinu: up of the monopoly of the East 
 
 India company to supply teas, and trade liciwecu India and the United KinL;ilom,lherednciion 
 
 el' the tythe system, especially in Ireland, and the expimditnie of many millions on railroads, 
 
 turnpikes, canals, brid.i;;es, ami an iiiliuile mimbcrof other useful works, are onlya ])arl of the 
 
 recent reforms. Much has yet to be done — much is aecomplished hei'i' which the vast deht 
 
 of Enijiand, and the faithful payment of its inleiest, prevent her from atiempiinu:. Hut who 
 
 is there that would rush into war to-inornn\', with such a people, in order liial slaves may he 
 
 worked harder in Texas, their owners, or theilealers in them enriched, aiul Canada brou'jht 
 
 inuler the iron yoke of the slave Stales of this Union '? My past lile is the evidence of my 
 
 sincerity in the cause of human emancipation, hut 1 cannot, and will not subscribe to lh« 
 
 doctrines of John ('. Calhoun ami James K. Pollc ; and my judirmenl is, that they two 
 
 —the North Caroliuiaii in the ['residential chair, and the South Carolinian, whose talents and 
 
 experience inif>;lil lonfc since have enabled him to claim it — desire to pursue in tlic main, 
 
 tone policy, and tiiat not favorable to luimaii freedom. 
 
 
 '/'.;' -^ 
 
 ■^■.'- .. 
 
 ■\l 
 
 •S lil 
 
 ■J^'; 
 
 '» 
 
 .t 
 
 ■V.'- M:l 
 
 
 Vv^' ^ 
 
« 7, 
 
 4S 
 
 VAN BUREN 3 CONDUCT LAST WAR. WALPOLE ON AMERICA. 
 
 AMBRO 
 
 ^i- 
 
 i '»■ 
 
 Ik; 
 
 vor by federal aid to break down the government at the very moment when 
 unity was most required ? 
 
 In the address of the Republican members of the Legislature of N. Y. to 
 the electors, dated April 19th, ISlo, and signed by Eraslus Root, Samuel Youiig, 
 M. Van Biiren, Peter Allen, Moses 1. Cantinc, Aaron Hackley, Peter Stagg, 
 John Wells, W. C. Bouck, and others, it is asserted, that " driven to the very verge 
 of sufferance, our government was compelled to choose between manly resist- 
 ance and abject submission — between open, determined hostility, and national 
 debasement and degradation. The former altcrn.itive was adopted ; and on the 
 18th of June, 1812, a d.i;; which will form a proud epoch in the annals of our 
 country, war was ueciareu agauist Great Pritam." When our government tooic 
 this manly course on a uuy wnicn Mr. Van i^uren aeciares lo ne a proud cpcch 
 in the nation's annals, why was he found among the enemies of that government, 
 the head of which had been nominated for re-election, by a caucus majority in 
 Congress, a mode approved by him and Butler in 1S24, even when adopted by 
 only a small minority in Congress to put down Clay, Jackson, and A dams 1 Why 
 did he oppose Wheaton, Root, Crolius, Sanford, Rutgers, and Old Tammany, in 
 November, 1812 r There is but one answer — to break dovn ti.e government 
 of the day. Was there in N. Y. one enemy to the war, in Noi-., 1S12, who did 
 not take sides with Coleman, Soutliwick, and Martin Van Hu'^enl 
 
 Van Buren urged Clinton to take the worst step, so great, so truly noble and 
 useful a man could have tak^n in ISov., 1812 — and, when Clinton failed, ho 
 basely deserted him whom he had betrayed, and hastened to give in his allegi- 
 ance to, and make himself strong upon, the winning side ; putling the administra- 
 tion he had striven to ruin, and lauding it, in 1814, for the very measures qp 
 account of which he had endeavored to strangle it in 1S12.* Clinton failed in 
 
 It is a great error to Mippc».se that tla- aristocracy of Eiu'opt- arc nur cucmies. How many in 
 France sacriiicod everytliing to lilicrty ! Did not the F'rcncli nol)ilily cheer on Dr. FranKlin 
 in his exertions, and did nut Lord Cliathaui and the English lil)ci-als"cncoura.^'c the Colonist,-. 
 to resist George 111., Lord Norih, and the Parliament of that day 1 llcarlccn to Horace Wal- 
 pole, the Whig Earl of Oribrd, a.s he exjircssos hi.'* Coelings to his Iriend Sir Iior;icc Aiann, 
 the British envoy at Florence : " Paris, Stpt. 7, n75. 
 
 " I am what I always was, a zealot for liberty in every part of the glohe, and con.sequently 
 most heartily wish success to the Americans. They have hitherto not uiade one lihinder, and 
 the administration have mailo a thousand, besides the two capital ones, of fu>t provoking, and 
 then uniting the Colonics. The latter seem to /lave as good heads as hcaris, and we want both. 
 Instead of being mortifie.l, as I generally am when my country is defeated, I am comforted 
 by finding, that, though one of vuy fcv in England, the seniiuioiits of the rest of the world 
 concur with ami conlirm miiu". i'lie people witli us are tiiscinated ; and what must we be, 
 when Frenchmen are shocked at our despotic acts! Indeed, both tiiis nation and their kin;,' 
 seem to embrace the most generous ])rincipks — the only fasliion, I doui)l, in wliich we shall 
 not imitate them. Too late our eye.^ will open." 
 
 The recent speeches of O'Conncll show that England mnii depend on Ireland in ca.se of a 
 war by us to sustain an c.vtcnsion ol' slavery. Can we of America depend on France, as ni 
 old, to engage in such a cause ? We ought not to e.\pect it. rs'or ought any of our peoplo 
 10 be deceived with the cry that England and France aie worn out, superannuated military 
 despotisms. The peoj)le there are just as young, and as wiile awake to their rights as our 
 favorite States of Florida and Te.Kr.s, and, if I mistalve not, a great ileal more so. 
 
 * (Jlii>T JiiHticc Sp nc<'i', till' biuliiiu' in liiw ol' Cliiiloii, iiiul wlu) supp'ricil iMailioii nnil lliu adminiiiiratinn l:i 
 1812, wlkii Villi liiircMi vvus i!n;n:; nn re man :iny otiicr man in lliu S.iili.' id t'liihiiiiMSB Uir wiir -.nvx ii« siipiMirlcr , 
 ivroii! II lifit' r Ii> IliD .V.ic H'»)7'/, In Aiuiisi, IHlli, rrnsnrini! Jal), z I). Iliiiniin ml lor playing the syciipliam '*i 
 lie Willi) til V.in Uiiieii. Ilaiiiriioiiil hail lii'cn in llie I'linliili'iirr ut' Clinton and iippiMxl lo V;iii lliircii anil lii:< A!- 
 Ijiiny tliiiiie ; bin liuwliti'loil loiiiul in lf!;)4, iliu p:!t b^uik yi ar, noi ilit- jniLMilii|> of a couiiiy court, and pulld 
 Van lliiri'ii'- war fUTvirrs, i.i Ins bo.ik anil in 'rUei,-' to lliu n^'W^pa|l(■l>, p olicilily a^ a KiUlc'lul riiuivali lit. 
 
 Judge Spcnct'r'b rcinaik- oli Ilainniiinirs iiccuuni ol' Van Uiii> n'.-> ■.onUuLt in NovciiibtT, \HVi, uic su ECiisllilt 
 III d III ill piiini, llial tlii' render will hn picas il i\ i li tli> ni. 
 
 "Mr. Vun Hunii fsuy.-. Ilaiiiiiionilj on lii> mriv.il til Alb.iiiy foinid Mr. Clinfnii cniinly ilcsliuitc of nny planni 
 operaiion. Tliu taitnta address and activity ol' Mr. Van iluien S'Hin plareil liini hi ilie tioad of the K publicnn 
 frieuds oi Mr. t^lmion I . ilie .S naie ami. in laii, in ilie l.i kisIuiuk ." Tin; ntult wan iIimI Iti publican ileciiiu 
 Were noiiilnaxU in tiie Spiiab , m d Knlcral . I ciiir^ ii tlic AMSi-inbly, and upon joint b illut, tiie Clinionlau llcKrl 
 received 74 voieo, the F'drral lickel 15, anil i!8 blank vo p« "ere cast, and Mr. Hniiiinond nays, " Of aiurae ilii 
 FcdcrKliaU, 3G ut' liiooi, vutcU ilie Cliiiiiiniita ticket." Ttiu iiuestion ib, wtio etfvcicil tliu urroiitieiueiit by wliidt 
 
 Nov., that y 
 1813, the po 
 resumed. 
 
 yti Fcilcrnlit-tB «hn 
 llhir .secret ballot 
 It wii-i lint Mr. I 
 iinerrinKly pointji 
 wan Mr. Van Uiir 
 >iiu IlcpnliJican fr 
 iniind's political ii 
 Mich (ml i ileal barg 
 with, would ni'vci 
 and what it wai>, 
 the S •natr, ol'tlie 
 iir.il Wilkin'u elcc 
 iiiinii and stipiilai 
 •' Mr. Van Biip' 
 entire Federal par 
 eeplance iit Hint ai 
 inatiun ul' Mr Ma 
 Imn of war, I Hipp 
 liad iiiiiiiiriated liii 
 "The occnrrcnc 
 iinininated. Tlie i 
 len's qiliek perccp 
 would bavi,' been i 
 iHi-.wr in Mr. Van I 
 In: opinion aRiiliisl 
 war? Under the' 
 eliiit Mr. Clinton, 
 Mean parly, ainl w 
 llic enerpeiic prom 
 lliat .Mr. Van Mure 
 piirly of ihe stalt 
 I iipiilly declined in 
 eil from Ilie iiiayoi 
 asserted that Mr. 
 ( ()ii)proiMi.'^i:t<, or d 
 iiii; In Mr. llainiiii 
 lie iliuibled ; but il 
 liirily which follm 
 a nobility of noiiI, 
 crary, and that lo 
 WDiilil he mil, cs\ 
 slilerntionH as rcga 
 iwo Kepubliian 
 ken a source of i 
 Miegesl it-elf to I 
 ell valion to Itle I'l 
 I iliil of tho eour> 
 means of forming' 
 liave eonsideri'il, 
 Hiiil. I make no iln 
 cnniliict, and any 
 This is all trna, 
 man who pntiioii 
 
 THE MO.MICNT IT 
 
 ■I RV, In supportiiij 
 tin; nearly eipiiil 
 iMalli^on and ihu i 
 venlion." 
 
 VVilh ninny .iiirl 
 their employers, |i 
 at Van Baren'.-i eh 
 enemies of his con 
 
 Col. Diiane was 
 went, like Anibro' 
 not suit tho powei 
 pnwcr for tho piir 
 imislied In the pu 
 York, after inakin 
 ' wriiin? down tt 
 directed to prevct 
 strone iind Do W 
 any sort of fitnesi 
 
 Iul8l6, Diiaiie 
 friend t'ol. Monro 
 ill favor of Mr. Ci 
 NewYmk." Al 
 Con^rent, to vote 
 eral otiien only p 
 in(toniDi8Sd,)io 
 
lERICA. 
 
 AMBROSE SPEWCBa*B VIEW OF VAN BUREN'S CONDUCT LA8T WAK. 49 
 
 ■• '. ■ ' ' 
 
 y moment when 
 
 ure of N. Y. to 
 Samuf! Youug, 
 .y, Peter Slagg, 
 to the very verge 
 '(•n manlv resist- 
 ity, and national 
 itcd ; and on the 
 le annals of our 
 Tovernment tool; 
 )e a prouu cpc:Ii 
 that government, 
 luciis majority in 
 fthen adopted by 
 J.'^damsl Why 
 )ld Tammany, in 
 ti.e government 
 ., IS 12, who did 
 ^n1 
 
 truly noble and 
 Clinton failed, ho 
 tjive in his allegi- 
 12 the admmistra- 
 ,'ery measures oji 
 Clinton failed in 
 
 lies. IIow many in 
 eer on Dr. Franklin 
 ourage tliu Colonist.-, 
 ken to 1 turace Wal- 
 d Sir IloHicc Mann, 
 arii, S>pl. 7, 1775. 
 K', and con.'-c<}uently 
 ide one M under, and 
 ffii>t j)i-ovokinff, and 
 Is, and we want botli. 
 nod, I aui coniCortL'd 
 the rest vl' the world 
 ,(i what must we be, 
 ation and Iheir kiiii; 
 )l, ill which we shall 
 
 Irclaml in ca.se of a 
 nd on France, as oi 
 hi any of our peopK: 
 craniiuated military 
 (,) their rights as our 
 more so. 
 
 ml lliL' aiiiiiinid>ntinii ii 
 r wnr iinl hk .siip(Miili.r , 
 ilaying llic Kvoi'linm '-^i 
 o Vail Diircii and His Al 
 cnuiiiy Ciiurt, and pull'jil 
 
 LHUIllI e(|lllVil|illt. 
 
 ivi, IHl'J, uiv Hi) KCiisilile 
 
 i tlostimte of nny plannf 
 lie^id i>r itie K publicnn 
 
 lllat III pillllicllll lll'CiOii 
 
 Idt. till- CliiiiiiiiiMii licKit 
 ml Rij's, " Of ciiursf ilic 
 lie urrangeuieiit by wliiJi 
 
 Nov., that year, and Van Buren tells us in 1840, that in the session of January, 
 1813, the political ties that had existed between them were dissolved and never 
 resumed. 
 
 V!t) FcilfrnliFtR ah»ndnn(>d the <iiipp(in of their own pnliticnl (yienilf, and wlinin they had openly nominated to give 
 
 Ih'ir secret linlliit'' to ilicir imiIUichI op|)onenlii, tliiiH (>nn.t)lln|! Ilitni to triiiitipli? 
 
 It WHS ii'it Mr, riiMloii. lor Vmi Biirvti found liini entirely (liwtituttt of any plan cif operationn. Mr. Hniniiionil 
 iineiriiixly pointu nut tile man who intri^iied with the Fiilrrallits, who drovi! ami eonsuiiniiati'il the bartj.iin. It 
 wajt Mr. Van Huron who, hv liis lalentn. address and activity, diri ihiR, and thus " placed himself at the head of 
 tlic Kepiililican friends of Mr. Clinton in S> nate and, i.l fact, in the Lei!iii|atiire." Hut, accordini; to Mr, Ham- 
 iiiond's political moral.-i, lliis wn.s all riulit ; and it Hct'ins never to have nccurred to tins simple-minded man that 
 .'iiii'h political hargain8 are hnsed on a quid pro qua ; that siuh astute Fe<lerulists a* Mr. Viin Burrn h:td to deal 
 with, would never give Hp their own electors whom Ihay had the (Kjwer of cliooiiiiii, without some equivalent 
 and what It wan, wan unfolded at the next meetinji; of the sniiie Legifluiurc, in tlie ehxtion of Mr. Rufus Kin^ to 
 Ilie Senate of the Ifniteil states, by the desertion of a sutticiciit number of Uepuhliiwiii members to defeat Gen- 
 crnl Wilkin's election, whom the Repulilliaii party had the {Miwcr to elect. 'J'liero may liavo been other condl- 
 Ijiina and stipulutinns eitli«r iinliiltilled or iinrevi.'aled. 
 
 •' Mr. Van Bnreii must have peri eived lli.it Mr. Clinton could not Ix; clerted Tiesidetit without the aid of the 
 entire Kedtral party, unci iliat wiili such aid Ins prosiK'Ctf" were slender. He must have: b<'en nwruo that tJie ac- 
 ceptance III' that aid wniilil iiiio him in the estimaiioii of the urent repuhliran party ofthe ('iiioii. After tlie nom- 
 ination of Mr. Madison in lln- accnstniiied manner by the Repiihlican memheiM of ( ■imKress, and after the declara- 
 tmn of war, I then thought and siill think, these events had absolved every friend cf Mr. Clinton, even tboae who 
 liad nominated liim, fi»in all obligation to support him for the Presidency. 
 
 "The occurrence (d'li w:ir with a mighty iiutioii had not hern anticipated with certainty when Mr. Clinton waa 
 iioniinated. 'fhe declaration <if wnr met the hfarty nwent of the Republican party. Did it escape Mr. Van Bu- 
 iin'r- quick perception and rapid combmation of ideas, that r.n oppissition to Mr. ,Madli'm'» election and his defeat 
 would have been a virtual condemnation of the war, declared by his advice and under his auspices'? Did it not 
 incur to Mr. Van Buren that our public enemy would regard the defeat of Mr. Madison as an e.xpreiuiion of pub- 
 lic (ipimon asaiiiii the war '. Was it not iiotorioiiu that the Federal party almost iiniveriMilly were opposed to the 
 \iiir ? Under these eirruliistances a coalition with any |)oriion of ihe Federal party to deleat Mr. Madison and 
 clnt Mr. Clintoo, if suicessfiil. would have been desiructive of that unity of opinion which pcrvadi il the Repub- 
 licaii parly, and would have allorded to ilii- enemy iiicontestible prmd" of a fatnl disunion of opinion, aa rucarded 
 tile enrrpeiic prosecution of the war on our part, which must have been humiliating and injurious. Is it true 
 lliat .Mr. Van Uuren's conduct on tlie Presidential question was in accordam-e with the views of ih<i Republican 
 parly of Uie slate? It is a notorious fact, that immediately pfter the Presidential conlrst ceased, Mr. Clinton 
 I iipiilly declined in the (stimation ofthe RepublicanH of the state, and in Into was removed by a Repiililicaii coun- 
 cil from the mayoraliy of New York, the only ollice he tin n held. • • • • It 111. ver has been insinuated or 
 Hsscrieil that Mr. (Clinton personally took any agency in prociiriiiR hia election, or entered into any bargains or 
 niiiiproinises, or did anv act inconsistent with liis honor. He merely suffered his iiamu to be used. Uut, accord- 
 ing to Mr. Ilaininoiiil, Mr. Van Hiiren was the miistcr-spirit. That Mr. Clinton was an ambitious man, is not to 
 111! doubted ; but it was oi'a high order, antl its objects were piirmed by no ignoble means. He lovt^d that pnpu- 
 liirliy which followiNl his deeds, not that which is run after. lie was no demagogue, and was utterly unlitted, by 
 a nobility of soul, tor such si If prostiintioii. If Mr. Van Buren had been imbued with those principles of demo- 
 cracy, and that lofty patriolisiii to wlilch he iiinkes pretensions and for which Ins Hdheieiils gave him credit, 
 would he not, esiiecially alter tlie declaration of war, have ndinonished IMr. Clinton of the many weighty con- 
 siilerations as regarded the public good and his own fame, whieh forbade a contest lor the Presidency, between 
 two Rcpubliian candidates. ♦ * * ♦ Kvcnts proved that my motives were pure and honorable; and it has 
 ken a source of ijreal satisfaction to me, thai Mr. Clinton live«l to be convinced ol it. The thought will naturally 
 Miggesl itfC'lf to ev rv imnd how ciiines it ilut I. nearly allied to Mr. (Jlinlon, and much more interested in liis 
 ell vation to the Preiiili.ncy, s • tar as leelinga .ire concerneil, than Mr Van Hurin. should have taken the view 
 I iliil ofthe course whiih At.,- own fame .and pntiioti-in required of him ; and that Air. Van Buren with equal 
 means of fnrmiiif,' a correct opinion, should have come hunrtthj to an adverse eoncliision. I consider, and always 
 have considered, .Mr Van lliireiis coiuluct on that inr'inorable occasion, as the greatest political error of his life; 
 ami. 1 inalte no iloiibl, be M, (oiisiders It hiinself: his friends have in vain attempted to justify or palliata his 
 ciiiiiliict, and any man who can doFo elPctiially, would be welcome to him." 
 
 This is nil trua, and yet w e liinl Van fJuren held forth, September ••, IKKi, in the AUiany Ar/rus, as being " the 
 iniin who pntiiotically yielded the state prirle of su|)porting a citr/.en of New York for ihe Presidency, m IRI.'i, 
 
 ■rllE MII.MKNT IT nEeA.ME Al'l'*lll!N T THAT TlIK SI ri'OKT OK Mil. (-'t.lNTON IN VOI.VF.tl Ol'POSITION TO THK lOUN- 
 
 iiiY, in suppiutiiig the war. ♦ ♦ • 'J'ik. |„„„ to whom, It may almost be said, ilui nation owes it, that in 
 tin; nearly eipiiil struggle between the contending parlies in IHI.'J and 18H, New York was found oh the fide of 
 .Aladison and the country, instead of being seated with her delegates in the secret conclave of the Hartford Con- 
 vealion." 
 
 With ninny such, vehicles offalsehood as the .^r/jrin, upheld to lie liohily, artrnlly, and to the advantage of 
 their employers, piiiil by them, circulated widely among the people, the better to deceive them, who can wonder 
 at Van Baren's eleciioii m 1 ^lil ? I rejoiced to si« the iiatrioiic hero, for such I brllevtd him, triumph over the 
 eni-niies of his country, as described by my old friend Croswell, to whose statement ol facts I gave implicit credit. 
 
 Col. Dnane was far more friendly to Clinton than to Madison, bttt as the nation was on the eve of a war, he 
 went, like Ambrose Spencer, for unanimity. In March, 1812, be said, in the Aurora, " l)e Witt Clinton will 
 not suit the powers that be, he has an opinion of his own. The circumstance of tho employment of delegated 
 power for tho purp.)se of depressing men who are, on account of their great talents, or public services, diatin- 
 gnished in tho public view, is a horriide feature in republican government ' after sustaining a press in N 
 York, after making the deposits of the public treasury subservient to the use of a newspaper, employed in 
 'wriiingdown tho Clintons '—it is proliBlile, therefore, that the whole inlluonce of the government will be 
 directed to prevent the nomlnalinn of De Witt Clinton, and this system, which holds such inen as John Arm- 
 sirong and Do Witt Clinton up 'ir proscription, is perfectly consistent with tho eniployinent of inun without 
 any sort of fitness for public dutie!i.'> 
 
 III 1816, Duanu named Clinton as the true democratic candidate for President, but he wotild not oppose his 
 friend Col. Monroe. The Atliany Mgut, by Judge Buel (Feb. 27), "thouchi the chances rather preponderating 
 infavnrof Mr. Crawford— n selection which It believed would be cordially aciiniesced in by the leimblicans of 
 New'Voik." A leglslntive caucus in February, 1810, at Albany, instructed the delegation" from New York in 
 Congress, to vote for Tompkins, but as this wotild have rendered Monroe's success certain. Von Buren and sev- 
 eral oUiera only proftssui to approTO of it. It wu not, (like the Albwy tsritt' mstructioas,oiiDKREO from Wash- 
 ingtoa in 16St6,) to lie act .tl oii. 
 
 %. : if 
 
 I'' I 
 
 ,•' '.< ' 
 
 '^^^:\. 
 
 • ?■ , 1 
 
 
60 
 
 A NOBLE INSTANCE OF AMKKTCAX '^RATITLtDE. 
 
 1 t 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 C H A V T L K X I \ 
 
 Like some tall chft'that lifts its hm lul lorai. 
 Swells from the vale, and mid-wnv leaves the ..tomi. 
 Though ronn'l its breast the rollinjj clotnis nr»> spread 
 Eternal .sunshine iicitles on its hca<\.~- fin/dsmUi'i. 
 
 Clinton ejected from the Canal Boanl. — lUicl'd (iovtrnur bif nccluinutlon. — 
 Chnstoplicr Colks.-—C(nial Act of Is 1 7. — The TawnKtin/ /iuc/,fni/s. — Cnii- 
 7!intjhaiii\'i Waniiiif^. — histici- trainpltil on for lite, m/ir (f l/:c sjioils. — J'eler 
 Alien. — Youiif/ and Van Hutch's Srri pin nil i^lajoriti/. — II ho (X(iclltd Clin- 
 ton^ — Col. Young and the Conah, — Von Burcn Self Covdcnmcd. — J/ix pcr- 
 eciition of Clinton. 
 
 TuR bold and wist; determination with which, IVoni lolU to 182S, J)o Witt 
 Clinton linked his fortune and character with thi; success of th** j^rcat canals of 
 this Statt,* and lh<; vimrn'tive opposition witli wiiich he was met at every point 
 by Martin Van Buren, and his followers and d..'pr'nd;nit.s, are matters lA' history, 
 hi .1824, while Fresid(!nt of the Board of t'anal Commissioners, aetint^, as he 
 had always acted, witliuut salary or enioluiuent ; iioldin:^ iin other public olFic*! 
 Ill the State ; and the \'aii Ouren or Bucktail party thi'n hokhni; iti their hands 
 the reins of goi'ernnient, with a majority of their friends on the Canal Boaid, he 
 was suddenly aou suiiunaidy ejected from tlv i^mird, althoiK;h iint a wlii.sper 
 was heard against tl.i' [uuity and noble disinteristedness of his conduct in that 
 highly impon.uit trust, 'ibis wanton attack upon his feelings roused the whole 
 State — th" siande!.-; oftbo Llittlers, tJroswells, and ibrir allies, couldnot prevent 
 the manly and the geui-rous of all patties from perceivinif tlirir ji alousy, in- 
 gratitude, and maliirnunt enmity — and at the next election for (lovernor, De 
 \Vitt Clinton was born-' to th*; seat which his honorrd mielf, ( i.orire Clinton, had 
 so lon;^ and so woiliiily idled, by the acclamations of the pi'o|;ie — his majority 
 o\er Col. Younj;, the eiindidate of these who had exp(dled him, iiavin::^ been 
 nearly 17,000. How an act like this atones, in the minds of i;ood men, for 
 in.iny popular errors ! How the memory of such a deed of justice warms llio 
 .■•oul to new exertions for enlightening and bettering the condition of society I 
 
 • Do \Viii eiini'ir I I'lr--- \i,liif.i!ii\ ti'>tiiiii)iiy ilKit Cllri^to|>^ll!r (."oilt.'s. an •■iniiirni nml sii^iioiDiis f'nuinepr, 
 iV-'in Iri'laiiil, '• WMs tJK.' lu-t |). I "iM'.iiM ^u:;l:^.•^tell m ilii; L-uvcriuiiniit ol' llic >i:iti', iln; ruijiil.^ mui iiiipiDVC- 
 !;■■ Ills nil tli(; < )nMrio rmiti:. I'imIi"' was ii luitii nrpKiil thiir.irli r— :iii ii'fjriiioM- inicliMi'.cimi, ami wi:ll :-killtii 
 in ih«' 111 lanih.illi'^." This ■ lll;.;^^ticlll wii ; iiiiule lit'l'urr I7i-1. iii wiiiili y(!Mr '.lir lc'jii,«huun' ioIith 4 his puiiis 
 '.!• •! CdiiiiiiiiiiT ; II' vt Yi 'ir :\ iii'iHii- .■i].|ii-.ipriMli(iii i>l' jiift Slv!.-) wa.-i iii:i(li- In ciiiililc Imii ui Mirvoy tlm rciiti.-, 
 '.vliicli lie ilid. iind lUiblislie.l ;i piinpliU t tiivoiiihl"! In a laiiitl. ".Noiiiie iiiii say li"« litr «ij iiwi' lln'iicri- 
 HidM," of colebruilnu llic lililoii iil' liic Allaiitic ami tin' i/rcal lakes foli-civos (.'. II. IJnliliiil, " in tUu aSilil!, « itli 
 wiiicll h>'. ('.cvlip! 'i till- i:r'.'at ."lii ;!i;, ;/ci llial umilil ri'^iill Irnm dpi'Miii': llic^i' r.iiiiiiiiiiiiralH.iis \\ illi tin; 
 
 'im iiiiviK. m'. 'i"iiM \'i iii-tii. ' ■/,» |i'-i "ii?ti *c- , lii'n 
 
 :"\ (ilsK, liltc kiridr.'ii c'rop -., locn i;iit!;!U.'il iiuii one.'' 
 I'lio bill, comiiMiin!! il'.o s! ilo to r.Mi -inict tli- i-anaN. bcraiiit! a law in llu' fc- ^imi of I-IT. In A^^rinlil/ 
 ■' priiii'ip.illv, 11' i;'i t.Mtinly nf iliii IVieiiils nl tho iiniiiiitaliiiii •>{ Mi. Cliiilnn .iinl ilir ic,|t 
 
 .1 .. ' •».- _. . , .... ..l.;.,jl.. I.; 
 
 CI 
 
 Vol what sin, 
 
 intriguinaf, col 
 
 J and a Marcy, 
 
 I adorned f Pi 
 
 I merely popula 
 
 ' who leave tin 
 
 On the 12tl 
 
 tion to which 
 
 De Witt Clint 
 
 Mr. Cunnii 
 
 |iia"tner in tlu 
 
 history : 
 
 '• I list'," said ; 
 ihn resi'hitidii ju: 
 (it fi'fiy liDiii'st 
 'Imm- dt'si^;!!. I''(i 
 ;i iiiiL'nif at I he \ 
 'siiiiv that hariiK 
 :s|ii'iil risinijiil th 
 iii iiiiciitidii to v> 
 lie was calli'd id 
 nil aci'ouiii Hi' lli^ 
 siiiiuilalt' and I'm 
 iiasiiiL; I'tir the ji 
 ('luistiaii iiiaityi 
 M''P, until all w a 
 siii'iiii'. Fur wh 
 !..\(i, sir; it was I'l 
 vvV/t'A he i/s/,'s iiiil'i 
 jj'iii tliei|ursii()ii I 
 lilu'ir st'iis" lit' |>ii 
 »'i'' in.i::alitiidc .' 
 « 1. tliat he shiMiii 
 wi'-oliilioii 111' kii 
 ^u|)|)i)ite.s ul' ihi^ 
 |i)it! truly lor \tha 
 p^ a iNUial ('(iiiiiii 
 : the |ilairliis and 
 liiaii wliiini \te 
 • ili.'i-laii" my opini 
 ; iiialirc. to ciii'ct 
 i lliis L''^'ihlaitiii 
 ' I'Uiiliiii. is It'll ill 
 vfks fur no iijliir, 
 ■jit ii|i|vais, liav(> 
 
 1 ' I'll 5llil« lllIU ll 
 
 !iis hand nl .ipoiJMiit 
 • il'iiise id' Assi'mhly, 
 : Hid in I'eh., If Iti, m 
 I" the e.xilu.iion id" 
 II lull, were ll^e(l ; 
 n the (liiplicale sun 
 iiilos were I'lir Ml. 
 Iiouijh he had the 
 lirodf iliHi he WHS HI 
 Mien WHS Hbketl ir 
 lederal party: Allr 
 Jliji'ctcd that he iiu< 
 in (.p|K!Hl «as niailt 
 
 til very cijiially ili\ i 
 cmild lie Van lliire 
 die t'eilcruliat.s wniil 
 I'lile li.ul secured (tl 
 m 1810, and ne.\t U 
 Ihe ge:il to Fellows, 
 I'lirthtcss parly tool 
 
CUNNINGHAM, OR THE rVIDENCB OF A MANLY SPIRIT. 
 
 51 
 
 •cchuaution. — 
 
 cktnih. — Cun- 
 
 .yioils. — J^cter 
 
 (Xjiclin/ Clin- 
 
 icd. — l/iti pcr- 
 
 S28, Dp Witt 
 ^rciit ninals of 
 at evri V point 
 crs ot" history. 
 , actini:^, as lit* 
 r public otrict", 
 in lln'ir hanris 
 anal Board, he 
 not a wlii.spcr 
 (jnduct ill tiiat 
 is*d the whole 
 11 1(! not prevent 
 r ji alousy, iii- 
 Governor, De 
 pe Clinton, had 
 — his niaiority 
 1, liavinf^ been 
 t^oud men, tor 
 tifc ^val■^lls the. 
 on ot" society I 
 
 sii^'iioiiius finiiineer, 
 aii!tl:< iitut iiiipiiivc- 
 iiiii, iinil well :'killeii 
 irr KMiTiril Ills piiins 
 [() Mirvcy tho route, 
 iir wtj .iwi' llio occa- 
 , " til lliu Ji'iilily with 
 luiiiril.Mii'. \> nil tin; 
 iiu^lit lii^ iiiiiilf — iimt 
 ( .111 i!:-. I linUiii, tho 
 u'kI u Mill Cioiii tliini, 
 l;in(t. Ii.kI ciiiiiilelLil 
 i\ lion liy icf.iii, Like, 
 
 ll>M !.-> ClJIIieiUcll, illlll 
 
 iif^ 111 nalii'ii^, who 
 ■ I-'IV III Assfiiilil/ 
 
 ClillliiM illlll llll' ll'llr 
 
 liiivr liir" Ini'Millv In 
 I'll ili'iiil. lit.' ,'ii l.iiiiu 
 Ml till' I'. mill liiiiinl ! 
 •lit ri'|irt'>riitiaivi's In 
 liu 'I'liiiiiiiiiny snrli'ly 
 il !i.^ iiiiicd liy Butler 
 ly. Kveii when Viin 
 ,'lor. snys iliiimiMinii, 
 sniiit; time, shiiulil lie 
 u Iriend in Culuinbio 
 
 S Vol what sin, since coinniitted by those electors or their forefathers, have such 
 intriguing, cold-hearted, artful jiartisans, as a \'an Bureii, a Wright, a Throop, 
 - and a Marcy, lieen since placed in thi! elevated station which this great man once 
 ^adorned."' Perhaps it wasto render more striking, th<! dillerence between men 
 J merely popular, and those noblemen of nature (or, if ye will, of civilisation), 
 ' who leave the impress of thtur worth on tlu; earth and i\w dwellers therein. 
 
 (Jn the 12th of April, l!S24, the Assembly received from the Senate, a resolu- 
 tion to which their concurrence was rcpiested, for tiie immediate removal of 
 De Witt Clinton from the oHice of Canal ('ommissioner. 
 
 Mr. Cunningham, of .Montgomery, warned the House against becoming a 
 imrtner in the ungrateful deed. J I is eloquent speech I take from Hammond's 
 History : 
 
 '•I rise," sail! "Wv. f 'iiiiiiiii'.,'li;im. " wiili no (irdinarv (oelin:,' of sin prise and asloiiisluneiit at 
 
 tho roMiliilidii jtist ii'ail, a><'iiiiiin^ tmiii thf ScnaU' Sir. it i> ralculali'il tn nuisc the feelings 
 
 III I'V'i V lioiK-'st iiitiii iin lliis lliior. Its vi'ry i'|i|iiii n'li ua-^ iiiiiiKi'il w itii Mack infjiatifutle ami 
 
 hiisf tli'sii,'!). I''iii what 1,'ipii I aii'l liiii'.Dialilf piirpn c has this ri'.solution hccii sent here Coreoii- 
 
 1 III irriii' at the very la-t iimiiit'iit nl iiiir st'^sioll Is it tiini'ali' discunl aniuii^ us, and de- 
 
 >iiiiv that haiiiioiiy ami y:iio.l li'diii',' whii'h (nii^l;'. in jiicvail at tnii si'paration ! We have 
 
 .■-liciit risinif 111' thii'i- iiiiiiilii^ in lt"4i-.liilioii. and iinl mii' \m>hI lias hccii said, intiniatiirj; a de.sire 
 
 (II intL'iilidii t(i(v\pi'l tiiat h(iniii;ili|i' ic''idl''iaaii tioiii tin' linaid :it' canal cdniiiiissioners. Sir, 
 
 ilif was called to tlwit place liy the nnitdl ynji-c and cdniiiuin consciit dl the people ot'lhis state, 
 
 Juii aicdiini dl' liis peculiar and liansceiiileiit titness to pie.--ide at that lioard, and hy his counsel 
 
 sliinulatL' and I'm ward the Lficat uiulcitakinu'. liis lahor, I'lir years, has been ardent ami uti- 
 
 M'lisiii'^ lor the juililic i;ii;id ; he endured >land,er and peisecution tVoin every direction, like a 
 
 .K'hiistian martyr; hut, stca(ira>t in his purpusc. he pursued his cdin'sc with a lirni and steady 
 
 Mi'p, until all was crdwncd with succe>>, and the ninvt ardent of his tippusers siit in sullen 
 
 ^ik'lK•e. For wliat. let nie ask, did .Mr. (/lininii endure all this ! il'ns if lor tin' Kit/.co/u mthuii > 
 
 j^* II, sir; il. was I'dr the lioirni and wcliare dl' his >i.iic ; //, vns fnna luilih' it ml pafriotic motives, for 
 
 i^r'iiih iic iisl.s iiol'iiiii:. nur iliil he 'Xju r> inuil/tiirj li>il I lie nrnlitiiilr of Ills filioir-ri/i^nis. Now, sir, 1 
 
 j'Ul the quest idi) tnlhis In ni' ii ahle Hdusetn decide, ;ip(iii the tiath whii'h ihev have taken, and upon 
 
 Slieir sense ,it' |i|(ipiiciv and hniidr, whclli^'i they are ic;id\ . Ic their vmcs. (u cdinmit the sin 
 
 ' in;::alilude .' Wliai can we idia;:;-e tn .Mr. < 'lintiiii ! What can we say he ha.s been jjuilty 
 
 ', that he sliuuld he singled iiiii as an dhject dl' .-^tiitc \ cn^cance ; Will sciinc friend of this 
 
 -iilutiiin he kind ciiMn-rl; tn ini'drin lue ' fi'w. \ challcnu'e an iiujuiry: I ilemand from the 
 
 ^uppiateis of this lii^'li-haniied measme, that lliey lay their liaiid.s iin their hearts, and answer 
 
 jliie truly ftir \yliat c:iu.-'e is this niaii to he renioved ! I daie assert, in m\- pl;joe. that his doinj^s 
 
 Bs a canal cdinmissidiiei' are unimpeaclied, and luiiiiijiciichahle, and such as have even elicited 
 
 Ithe plnu'liis and admiratidii dl' his pdlitical eneinie.-.. 'I'jiis, .sir, is the dliicial character of the 
 
 jiiaii wlimn ue imw s"i'k tn desticv. I hdjie that this Hnuse w'ill paiddii me, when I freely 
 
 fl'xiare niv dpinidii tiiat this reMilutiun was eiiLjeniicred in the most mihallowed teelingfs of 
 
 iiijilice. Id elli'ct sdine ncrariinis secret puipo.se, at tlie expense nf the hnndr and inte;?rity of 
 
 ,;liis Legislature, llnwcvci' ii;iid it may seem, il is the iriesistililc impulse (if my mind. Mr. 
 
 \cii^ildii is ii'ii ill llu pn/iiiciil mini:'!; he re|)(ises in the shades nf luiiuiritlile retirement ; kc 
 
 a'.<<s /(//• nil iiji'iri, and possi'ssis noiu Init tlu our oj vliirli hr is n'limf I" In s/rippril. The Senate, 
 
 lit iippoars, have lieen actualeti hy snuir rrml luul mnlinnanf pussion, unacciiunled fc.,* -and have 
 
 3 ' Til sliDW hiiw ilt'iiil I'l cvi'iy iilhir I'ccliti;.', siivc ttrit nl ImiiiliiiL' tn^iethir Inr imrty |iliiii(lEr, Viin lliirep and 
 Jus liiiiiil 111 ,>|i()iUiiit'ii vvcri', I iilt'cr the rnllinviti'.; rasus, I mil l.s-.;:!, n (^nlnl•il nf A|i|iiiintmt;iit, elected by the 
 -Jlniise 111' Assi'iiilily, 1'iiiitriillt.il llic ntlii iiil |rilriiiiii',;t' nl lln' nIiiIi' nf .N. V This Cimiiril wiis anniiiilly chiiiien, 
 i Hiiil in l'"eli.. If Id, wht'n the llniive iiii'l, IVlcr Allen, frniii < iiiliirin (iiiiiily, liidk liis seat, wilh nnly n(i!).5 votes. 
 
 I" the exclu.iinii of Henry Kellnw-i, who hud av.'"i. In Penniimtim, printed liallnts, iimrked " Hmry Fellows," 
 ' 111 lull, were Used ; iiiiil \\ ith the tnwn rierk wiis tiled the rertilicite of voles, with the imiiie iilsn in full ; but 
 i 111 the duplicHte sent tn the emiiity cli rk il wiis written "//(«, I''ell(iw,s." V\ell kniiwin^ thut the forty nine 
 
 lulus were liir Mr. 1'., the eiirrii|il mid fraudulent clerk rejected them, as the rejection would return Allen. 
 : lliou;{h he hud the fewest Mites. In llie .Vssemlily, VV. A, Piier (iresented the |ietitinn of Keliown, orterlnfj 
 
 firoof tli:4t he WHS and that .\llen was not n iiieiiilier, and desirinir that justice iiiiL'ht at once be done the county. 
 Ulcn was asked if lio had any st iteiiient to make to the inntrary, hut lii! was silent, I''ellow(i lielonfred to the 
 It'deral party : Allen to the Inicktails. When n preliminary i|uestion was to lie taken on Allen's case, it was 
 [ ulijected that ho iniiiht not tn vote where he had a personal interest : the Hiamker decided that he could vote ; 
 ' 111 i.pjicHl was made to the llniise, and the i^pcaker decided that Allen cmild vote on that too. Parties were 
 
 fii very eiiually divideil, thai if the apiinintini: p iwer nr cnuiiril eniilil he voted tor, while Allen hud the sei\t, it 
 iimlii lie Vail llurenisli, Imck' lil, lUMiincritic. ; lint if justice were lirsi dune, anil Kellnws put in Allen's place, 
 Jlie federalists would elent the council. They therefore opposed steadily all action as to Follows, till Allen's 
 Jiit<i h,ul .secured (thrtniah I'erley l\eyes, &c.), for their friends, the cnnirol of the oitices thrmiKhout the state, 
 jor 1816, and nc.\t day apiwinted a coiumiliee on elections with a Inicktail majority, who unnnlmmiiily nwiirdeii 
 ihe seat to FeUows, on no other evidence than that which was lieforo the House the day i( mot, and which the 
 pKiirthlcss party tool, Allen, hud uot then gainsaycd ; the Hjiisc then voted Allen out and Fellows in, 131 to L 
 
 
 ..! Il 
 
 V.' 
 
 &.';. ». 
 
 1^1 ■\ :'■ i) 
 
 ■if.''^'^! 
 
 V- 
 
 'ie:\' 
 
 r 
 
 ;.,>';'■ ;•; 
 
 
 ■ fi 
 
52 
 
 COULD FI.AfiG DESCEND 90 LOW. LOOK AT THE NOTE. 
 
 .' I-* 
 
 '^^) 
 
 n 
 
 t ■ 
 
 t 
 
 made a riwh upon iIiIh ili>iit.r, nii>l tal\'Mi «« on !.iir|iriiir. 'I'lir I'^Miliitii'ii m.iy piifw; luit 
 if H does, iiiv uonl lor it. wr .'iic ilii<i:r<ii'<'il in iIk' |uil!.'m»'nl ;hi'I '^'(hmI sciisi' of ;in iii|iirPfl l>iit 
 intellij^eiit conuMiinily. WIi.iK'vit lln- I'liti' ni' lliix iivolution m.ivlic, Id it he leim mlK'U'd 
 • hat Mr. f'linfon liiis ;ic(|uiii'(l ;i rcfiuiatioii not to lir ilfNtioycil hv the pliilul niiilici' ol a Irw 
 Irading partisnns of tin- dnv. Winn ilic coiiifnii'iilili' paity (-liirt's oi (he liom >liiill Iihvo 
 paHHCd i»y, I'Ud llir linli/in// imruiiiiu rs iiikI iii:r^ii is, ir'm itmr linirj rcri'i/ this ( 'npili'l Jcr M//'.s-,','i/- 
 "/r/, shall 1)P ovi'rwliclmci! and l'i'i;,'(i|tcn in lln'ii own insi-,'niticancc when ilio i;t'ntlr l»n'<V(T 
 •hall pas.s over tin- |oinl> ol dint p;if'nl rniin, caiiyiii:,' uiili it tin- jusi tiilml'' of lioiior ami 
 praiKC which is now wiilnn'M — tin- prn of ihi' liilnit.' Iiisioiiaii, in Ik iter days and in lictlrr 
 tiineK, will do him |us<ti<'i'. and cri'i l to iiis nii'iuoiy a pioud nidMniricnt ol lanii'. a:. nn|X'i'islia- 
 Me as the nplciidid works w liirh owe lii''ii oii,'in to his '..fiiiui and pi'iHcvi'ianc"', 'I'iiis Vote 
 is probably tlip last that will 1»' i,'i\('n this session, and I piay (iod it may \»' sutdi as will not 
 disgrace u« in th'* ryt's of our coMstitu''iii«.'' 
 
 Give inc a Ciinnin^lmii; and ii Clintdii for " .Native Aiiii'iiiaiis I'' Siicli men 
 will always know how to treat ariniit l'orei;:;tnr and native, Iriend and loo. Ot' 
 such natives as ihein any land mi<;lit be proud. ('unningliaiii\s heart was in llic 
 right place. 
 
 The Assembly concurred with tiie Senate, tv| to 31, Ainoni; those who 
 voted to expel Clinton thus summarily, I litid the names of H. W heaton, now 
 envoy to Berlin ; A. C". Flafrg, now Comptroller; (ieiieral .lames Tallmadge, 
 Isaac Pierson, and Thomas Hyatt. Among his friemls were Messis. IJarstow, 
 James Benedict, Campbell, Cooper, John Craiy, Furinan, McCrea, Isaac 
 Riggs, Thorne, VVhiting, Tredwell, Ezra Smith, and U'ilkin. 
 
 Addresses and resolutions in honor of Clinton were .signed on this occasion, 
 by M. Clarkson, W. Bayard, P. Hone, T. A. Kminet, i\. iMsb, W. Few, C. 
 P. White, S. Whitney, Preserved Fish, C. D. Colden, T. Fddy, H. Bogardus, 
 John Rathbone, and C. CI. Haines, iS'ew York ; and by .John Tayler, James Mc- 
 Kown, William James, J. II. Wendell, Chandler Starr, Han'mond, the historian, 
 Gideon Hawley, Isaiah Townsend, T. Van Vechteii, I'.. Jenkins, 8. M, Hop- 
 
 Van Bnren was then a senntor iiiul attorney (;pneriil, niid his p.irly, tn u ii,;iii, sii|'|Mirlcil iliis L'rc.tt wroiifr. hiiiI 
 their pres>es upheld it. How liltle Dt'ileinocrai'y.ot'jiistiic, ol' the spirit ol IVre in^liliition-^ ilit'if w:is in tlifsc 
 pruce«(lin|{!t, the cool and randid readiT in lel't In jiidije. Ttir e\ idriire w as read oppnly and was Piiiirely doc\i 
 nientary ; the proci's were clear and not L'ainsaycd, yet llie real rrprescnlativ T\a< slnu ma liii ilie main lm»i 
 ness of the Messinn was achieved linJMstly ; atu r wtiicli llie l)U(i.iail>, lo a mm, adimlird iljeir own dl.<holle^t 
 eondnct liy vntinir out Ihe inlriider almost iiiiaiiiimiii»ly. ' 'I'lie democrals in ilif A-^.-emMy," says tlie .\. V 
 Eveninn; Post ot" Feh. -i-i, "support ihe Spealicr in di'i larin'.' In' will not Ij"' licmnd liy the rules ol the llotisc 
 thoy choose the cveciitive lirancli of^overnminl In uir^a- ol'ilie voieola man, nlin iliey tliriiisf Ives, alter lis 
 vote has l>een nlven, arknowledi'e had no liiisin''>-^ there. Imi whom they had tir«l permitii d to dccl.ire, hy li;s 
 own vote, that he had ; they pnhlished an an,«er to the (i(j\i.rnor's spt ech \\ liii li was :ii vr acrepled ; aii'l 
 In.stly Ihey say such a proceediire is, in the opinion nl tlii.s House, uncon-^liliilf.inal ajid illctMi \\ niih is so tar frnm 
 the truth, that directly the rmitrary .-ipiiears oi\ the tare ol' their own jonriials. .A true sperimen ol i'.nbriui.kd 
 ileinocraey," Van Bnren would have lost his otHce ot' .Mtorney tiencral had his parly acted hnncMly as jud^ti 
 in this case, 
 
 Hninnionil. who. in many ildnes, dispLiys. in my miiid, rial indepi'iidi.nce ot' clinractrT : aUhoni.'li .Inilfje Spin- 
 rer, tnkini; Hnniinond's own doctriias as a test, spfms lo show mat In' w;is iiul always >o ; !;ues ani.thtr Piicr 
 Allen case inthe Sen;it(.' in IHIT, in widrli Vomi;; mid Van Itiin n cni a wn itlied li^nre as iv,di:fln. It is this 
 In the Western District, two senators wire to bi- chosen— one for tour yi ars and anoih'-r I'or i ih', hy oiif eler 
 lion. By law. In', of I he two i'lio(,-ii l<).:i tin-i, who li.as llie most vol' s, siis four Mara- tin iili^r, oniv It was 
 disputed which of the two eltetnl hail most \ti|is— tin dispnli reli rn d lo a commiUi i -~ who riporii.d, that li|(W.i 
 V nt«K were |.'ivin li)r Isaac WiImhi — Ihat M.Hf.'i wreyuen lor Jeiliah I'lenih itjasl.'.il for Jnlalia/i Pnndcrg.lst, ai ■! 
 lU t'or Jcil. Prcmii'mast. Koity iwoof the ilectors who .spellid .ledcdiuli swojr, lo ilic sali-laciion of the .senate's 
 cninndttee, that tiny hnd intcipilcd ./«/((i//, and llnse ii aildiil to the M,"JH.') who had spi'lled the name riglil, 
 inuite 15,0^7, or 18 more than Wilson, saying iiothma of iln: other M, which ii wa.s i h ir were also iniemled firr 
 Prenderjast. The euinnnttce also riported Hint Wilson had not allejied that there was .i Jedediah Pren- 
 dergnvt ill the districi — and, of cotirse. ihat Jiijiah P. on^ht to sit tor four yi ais and I.saai: \^'il^oM for one. CoiiM 
 there he two opinions on siicli a iiueslion ? There u ire. Van llunii ro.sr in his place and nijied his party I" 
 call the feWMt votes the most and cive the long lerni m Wilson — and Siiimiel Vouni; produced the Bible, and siiiil 
 there were in it hotli Jedlali ,-md Jedediah, and heno- he would say ihat Wilson had llic iiiosi vi-ies. Van Rii- 
 ren'B party (all but Waller Bowiie) went wiili him in favor of Wilson, i:i lo 1 1. The two P.enderpasts ami 
 Wlliion did not voie. Lawyers CnnNiie, Van I5ureii, Yoiuijr, Roger Skinner, and Ogdeii were i i the niajoriiy- 
 and when we see the father aciing thus o|XMily, can we wonder at se<'in;; his prolli|;atc son cur;ing, betting, cnni- 
 hlliiir, lighting in the courts, and using Marcv's mock iiie-sages to iiiak" iimney by, as a W.'ill f ncl slockjobliT' 
 The only wonder is, that N. Y, should appoint such a iH'rson lier atlomi y grneral, as if ilem rcrai'V eori-istnl i' 
 admiiii^terinK |iuhlic justice ihrougli tiie moslprolll^aK' characters in llie coiimmiuly. Will m glw llaniniond s;iy 
 (Vol. i,, p. 41)4) that '• it would have been more cnilitahh: to Voniig and his friends lo have voted witliout arguing " 
 
 Roffer Skinner's political cliarucier may be guessed at from his leUir lo Hnyl, iii jin^i' l!)7, of the Cnrrcspoii' 
 denee In the ppnng of 1821, I lir-t heard of him from an old friend, Dr. Shaw, of the AHmny Academy, wlin 
 invited me to be present nt a public dinner given lo Archibald Mclntyre, the able, indefatigahle, and iiicorrupli- 
 ble comptroller of Uie itnte, whom Hkinncr and his council had just removed from office, ou the gimple principle 
 tint kt WM too boneat, too great a check upon aciin^-democrats, such as I am here describing. 
 
 kins, and 
 injuriously 
 vered to tl 
 Clinton' 
 
 I and voterl 
 Mayor of 
 S. Senator 
 &c.— (!t^. 
 ^ Fdwa 
 ^y» Judge 
 no. 140^"]- 
 fj^ John 
 Burt— ^ 
 Haight— g: 
 (^ Melar 
 \Vard, will 
 Some of th 
 Dudleys, I 
 Wright .say 
 Feds. It \ 
 vote was gi 
 — Croswell 
 presses of 
 " Joseph's 
 we have it 
 
 ** (,'olonel Vol 
 iiiilnst removal. 
 a's it ought, com 
 iiiaehine, to eiir 
 anil IJroswell in 
 plele the work, 
 and (i. .Morris. I 
 glory might be i 
 U'hile on thi 
 iiresented to tlu 
 IiickK the wholi 
 pay oiriheir dc 
 |ile of N, Y.-l 
 (liHii lifly years, 
 now the lolls III 
 Clark, illd you ; 
 Ihe grave ol' |ir 
 kind, is alieiidri 
 nongs of ' iiiiern 
 |iros|ierity of m 
 siructed to reori 
 will allix the in 
 rnnununity has 
 and Ctmniplain 
 having paid Ihe 
 ttldof Ihe auctii 
 Ou the I7ih < 
 which vaid, 
 thBtiie eoncnrr 
 iVhen Voiinii 
 the survey of 1 
 years thereaftpi 
 forced by the ib 
 goaded along Ic 
 oltered an able 
 his rejiort of IH' 
 nUG would not 
 tators at the pn 
 Mr, Wright sni 
 iiesi of repairs, 
 hence tlie incr 
 neglects to fulti 
 three millioni a 
 miMppli«d thei 
 
WRIGHT AND VAN BURFN F rRSF.CtrTING OI.IVTON. 
 
 63 
 
 ;orE. 
 
 >ii may piifw; luit 
 III' i\\\ ininvpfl Imt 
 
 it Iw K'liH mlx'it'd 
 111 malur i>l a Irw 
 
 << liiiiii shall liHVe 
 
 Cij'il:'! fcr svh.'s/- 
 n I 111' u'ciiilf hn'ivc 
 iliui'' i<i Ihiui'I" ami 
 l;i\.s ami in liclli'r 
 
 line. a:> iinin'rislia- 
 naiii-''. 'I'liis vol'' 
 ' such as wfll imi 
 
 si" Such nun 
 
 (I and loo. Of 
 
 lifiul was in tlio 
 
 onif tliost' wlio 
 
 Wlicatun, now 
 
 lines Tallmailgc, 
 
 Utssis. Hiirstow, 
 
 McCieii, Isaac 
 
 on this occasion, 
 ish, W. Few, V. 
 ly, [{. 13ogar<lus, 
 riyler, Janu'S jNIc- 
 )ncl, till' historian, 
 viiis, S. M. Hop- 
 ed this urcHl w roup, iiml 
 itiiiii^ ilifii.' vviis In llit'si' 
 y hikI was rniircly Jiicii 
 :it oiil iili lilt! iiiiiin liil>i 
 ilrd llifir ii«n (iKlioiicvt 
 -I'lnlily." s:iys the N. Y. 
 llii' nlirs (il Ihr llniisc : 
 iry thriiisrlVf<,;irior lis 
 iii'ilit rl tci diclari', lijf li;s 
 iis iii'V'T M(Tc|itrd ; iiml 
 (.'(.Ml « liii'li i< SI) fiir I'rniii 
 
 >|ic'l'illl(<n lit I'.NORiDLICD 
 
 iiclcd honi.-tly as juilst;' 
 
 • : allliDiiL'li .liidfii' Spcii- 
 i mi; i;iM'> ;iivaliir Prirr 
 •c ivc jvids;!* Il is this: 
 lii-r lor i.nr, |py mif t,ler- 
 
 till 1 111! r, iiiic It wiis 
 will) rr|)orl(d, lh;il li,OO.i 
 Inlnlidh riilidcrgiLSl, nml 
 ali-lacliDii III' till' srnatu'* 
 I ^|l•'llcd llic iiaiiif risht, 
 III- wcrri al^■l) inii'iiiUd fur 
 • was a Jrdidiah Preii- 
 i; WiUoii IbriiDf. Omiil 
 r and iiijiod liis party I" 
 111 need the ii/We, and siiiil 
 11' most vclcti. Van Bii- 
 ill' two r.piiilci^nsw Hnil 
 ;ii wiTR i 1 till' majoriiy- 
 S'ln turtiM!:, ht'llinj.', cnni- 
 
 Wall f nil sKickjdhbfr! 
 It' ilpiii rcrai-V con-istfd |:i 
 Vrll III iilii liiminioadsiiy 
 
 voti'd without itrRiiinc." 
 :i(;i- 197, of tin; Corrwpoii' 
 1! Allinny Academy, wlio 
 ifiitieahli!, niid incorrupli- 
 e, oil the simple principle 
 icribing. 
 
 kins, and Alfivd ("oiu-kliiii;, .Mbany. Tiif malice of his oiiomies must have 
 injuriously allccteil their iiisuUiii;j; luirgain of the Statt?, which was to be deli* 
 vered to the minority caucus for Crawford nc.vt Novi'inhor.* 
 
 Clinton's expulsion was proposed in the Senate, hy John Bowman of Monroe, 
 and voted for hy Tt^t^ Silas Wright, now (Jovernor — (jr^ Walter Bowne, since 
 Mayor of New York — (9^ Charles \]. I^udlcy, successor to Van Buren as U. 
 S. Senator — ^f^ Jonas Earll, junior, (Viiial (Joiniiiissioner, 1*. M. of Syracuse, 
 &c. — jj^^neman J. lii (Uield, wlioin \Vii;.rhi wanted Clinton to make a Judo'e — 
 gC^ I'M ward 1*. Livingston, Von liiiren's candidate for liieut. Governor — 
 ^;^^Judge James .Malluiv, for wlimn Marev hail such tender felings, fp 199, 
 
 no. 140. J — (^ I'liley k'eyes, the political .schoolmaster of Silas Wrio'ht 
 
 {^ John Lefferts, fioin I .»ng Island — (jtjr* JJowman, the mover — Q[^ James 
 
 Burt— {?r^ Byram (ireen — ffe,- James Met -all— (ii:^ Greenly— (Ji^^ 
 
 Haight — i^,> Col. Farrand Slranahan — ^r. John .Sudani — (^^ Stephen Thorn — 
 (i^ Melan(;lhon Wheeler — i^i^ Sherman Wooster — and ^t^ General Jasper 
 \Vard, who did not wait to l)e expelled the Senate, as his history will tell. 
 Sonif^ of these men may have acted without thought, but the Wrights, Bowne;), 
 Dudleys, Farlls, .Stninahans, and Wards, knew what they Mere about. As 
 Wright .says to Van Hiiren, they did not want to do " journeywork," like the 
 Feds. It wouldn't b;; their t'aull if they failed to seize the spoils. When this 
 vote was given, .Marcy was Comptroller — his father-in-law, Knower, Treasurer 
 — Croswell printed for the .State, and maiuilactured *' opinion " for the retail 
 pres.ses of the party. The men who went this length woidd have enacted 
 " Jo.se|)h's hietluen" in Genesis, or driven Mordecai from the king's gate, as 
 we have it in Esther. IJowman got the Rochester Bank charter that season. 
 
 •* JJiilonel Voiiiic was (;|iiiti>ii'.s siicressiir, lis Ihr k'lulln!! iiii'iiilirr im llic ('anal lioiird, and approved of liis 
 uiijii>t riMii'ival. ifiilikf i,'Uiitiiii, liMweviT, ihi' Colnnil si'rvrd (or (ny. iiiiil iho iMiiiiiil.ssioii, instead of beln|{. 
 as itiiiiulii, i:iim|)ii»t'd of men of variuiis p'lliiics miuI liiiih ihiirntiT. drL'tncMteil too much Into ii mere imrty 
 inai'hiiie, to enrich the poliliral leaders and tlieiri'lecrninenrins: ile|icnil<iits. Marcy wrote in the Trov Rud|{et, 
 mill Ooswell in the Arsus. censiirins Clinton's canal policy. When il was seen liiit a li'W years vviiiild com-' 
 plele the work, ('iiiit.in. who. with Tlionias Dddy. K. It. Iiivini!>tiiii, \V. .North. .■^ l)e Wilt. S. V. ItensuplHer, 
 and (i. .Morris, had tirued on. and reporli-d in lavor oi the Krie riaiir, i:i yi'ir^ jpelore. was tinned out, (hut tiit) 
 ([liiry iniuht he an iiiulivideil halo, ciicircliiis only Van Biiren's hro\v. 
 While on the fiinal noiinl, on whicli he had a «eat as early as IhI.".. \'oiiiii;. in IH'J.'i. wrote. iii|(ne(1, nnd 
 
 firesented to the leL'islntiire a report, in liis ollicial capticity, staling' Ins lulu f. ihal a parallel eaiml, or duuhle 
 licks the whole distance, .iloneside the l!r:e canal, wonlil miom In- iiiili'-prii«alile— thai the raiiaU would soon 
 pay olflheir dclit and \ iild a 'ireat ri'v.'iiiii' li''sidcs- and ilial nllier simes would profit hy the laiidahle e.xaiii- 
 ple of N. v.— that within ten vi'ars tUir tolls would proliaMy hr tripled, and fif not ridnced) mlfiht, In less 
 tiiiin lifly years, aioouiil to .*l0.iMM>.OIKl. Wlieii rriiiiiided ot ihis report lately in sjenate, he reninrked thnteveii 
 HOW tlie lolls on the canals would In; live niillioas had ilicy not hcen reduced. Why then, Hsked tienerHl 
 Clark, did yon stale in IHIIli in your repurl on linaiii c. 111 ii '• lliiiiian i!ov.riiiiieiil is. ;is it Mlwaya has been, 
 the irrave nl' proiliiilive iiiili|>try lli il e\i'.-v step it lakes in ende.ivoriiiL' to carry no works of lalMir of any 
 kind, is allendrd Willi s.-urilice and wisie in llie roiiiniiiniiy, and sinks it ileeper and deejier in debt:— that the 
 sonpii of ' internal iniproMiiieni ' are liluls on the laws of <;.mI, and a de.idly iinldcw ii|Min the happinesa and 
 pros|ierity of man ! that, Willi rrilTence m canal lo in^), i-c., a c.niveiilion will ii>- called, which will be in 
 slructed to reoriiani/.e and remodel mir pmsirate coiistititioii ; and which r. invention will repudiate the debt ; 
 will affix the impress ol infamy upon pa<i proliiuale laws ; and ereit new harriers for 'he future !— that the 
 roniiimnity has lieeii alm^ed and deceived, lor year-;, hy the constanl reiieralion of the fHUehniMl, that the Erie 
 and Ctmniplaln canals were enricliinr the stale, whereas, it is a irnili wilhiii the reach of all, that so farfrum 
 havinu paid llie cost olile ir consirint on. there would lie now H debt afiaiiist tlieni, had tliey nut received tlio 
 Sldof the auction and ^all diilics ol'.'»;H, iV.l.or.'.n" 
 
 Oil the 17lh of Aiii;ii«t, Yonici's n p...-. al.ove ipioiid. appeired in lull in the Alliany Arcus, the editor of 
 wliif h said, " That this Is a iiio-l able an.' powerful tloiiiiiieiit no one Will ileny. " 1 1| coiir.sc he did not say 
 thnl'he ennenrred in all il- piiilioin. 
 
 U'hen VoiinK's liilerirti Inipr.ivemiiit Ui'|. at of HO", appeired. it wis t'lllowe.I by .'i bill in the Senate for 
 the survey of Id new e:inal ronti"--, ini liiilin;^ ^e' ('licMam'o Hi nk Itivei. and Cent'sce Valley — yet in a few 
 years thereafter, he denniinceil ihe Chenani'o .-anal, atlirmiiii; that I'eniisylvania and New Yc^rk " tiad lieen 
 forced by the deniairoL'ues of euli. Inio ili>' Im-^iile alliliiile of pr.illisale rivalry ; and each has been recklesfiy 
 goaded nloni! by tin- bloody lash of internal improvement." I ini'.ilil to stale lieic. thai, in IK'lj and 1H31J, he 
 ollered an able opposition to Ibe bills t\,\ conslnnlin^' llie I'lii-naiiL'o and IJcnea'i' Valley ciiiils and lliat, in 
 his reimrtof IHIlll, he sliowed that the Cheieiniio i im:iI would cost over a iiiillion of dollars, and that its reve^ 
 nuc would not piv, eitlier for interei.l, repairs, or even siiperinliiidence. Inn civc value lo the hind< of !i|>«cu- 
 ialors at tlie public cost. In the late discussions in Semae, on the eAlrava(ijiiil e.xpenililurcs mi the canaix, 
 Mr. VVrlpht said, and, I lliink, truly, " Let tlieri! be cniiipelition in labor, nut in iiiore parly feally. This busl- 
 nesi of repairs, orrepairinKthe canals, had become a parly iiuichine, put in operiition just before election, and 
 hence the incroaae of exiwsnditures." Another senator, I'litnani, showed that J5l)0,0()(i liiul been paid for 
 neglects to fiilfll contracts, in (jiving which it appears Uiere in enmigii of fttvoritisiii. It seems that two or 
 three millions of the canal funds have passed through Vuung's hands : but 1 hear of iiu case la which h« has 
 nilMpplicd them. 
 
 VV^t" 
 
 ' 
 
 
 1 
 
 <«. 
 
 
 i!' 
 
 l| 
 

 :'«t 
 % 
 
 
 64 
 
 IN LIFE HE CimSKD HIM WHOM IN DF.ATH HE BLESSED. 
 
 I 
 
 r 
 
 
 Was there a bargain to immolate Clinton and rais*' ('rawford, connected with 
 that sale of the public patrimony, also ? 
 
 Jedediah Morgan, John Cramer, and Archibald Mclntyre (not the comptroller) 
 were .its only opponents ! They may well feel proud of it. 
 
 Allow me to change the scene to 1828 — Clinton in his coffin, and Van Buren 
 in Washington, thus addressing the inentbers of Congress relative to the 
 deceased : — " Tlie high order of his talents, the untiring zeal and great success 
 with which those talents have, through a series of years, been devoted to the 
 prosecution of plans of great public utility, are known to you all. * * * The 
 greatest public improvement of the age in which we live, was commenced under 
 the guidance of his counsels, and spl«Mulidly accomplish<;d under his immediate 
 auspices. * * 'The triumphsof his talents and patriotism cannot fail to become 
 monuments of high and enduring fame. * * * ] ain greatly tempted to envy 
 him the grave with its honors." 
 
 How like unto Balaam's conduct when Balak sent his princes to induce him to 
 curse Israel, [Numbers xxiii.] was the politic \'ari Buren's ! Balaam wished to 
 C'lrse but durst not. " How shall /curse whom Clod hath not cnrsed? Jfoir shall I 
 defy whom the Lord hath not defied ! Let me die the death of the riyhleousy and 
 let my last end be like /ji.v.'"* What a commentary uj)on 18:^4, was the funeral 
 
 • In 1819, there Wiis a vacancy on tlu' ImmhIi oI" the Siipiemi- foiirt of iIk" Stale ofNrw 
 York, which a mutual friend of Clinton and of Van Ruien. (hen hiy:h in othce. told Clintoii 
 that Van Buren wished to till — that lie had .said .so to him. and j,'iv'en a.s a reason that he \va< 
 weary of th« turmoil ol' p(ilitic.'i--and iliat ii was poliii.' iiiid e.v|ii'dic'iil to i,'ivi! him ihe jiid^'c- 
 ship. "As a measure of mi'ie policy,'' said t'linlon, ■ ii iniijlil he expf(iienl ; hiU so unprin- 
 cipled a man do I consider All-. Van iJuren. that 1 could nr-vcr justlty myself in makinp: sudi 
 tin experiment, merely tiir the sak(> of disarmin;,' liis resentment airainsi me." .lohn Wood- 
 worth was appointed,' whom Hutler speaks sos|)iii'fidly in lils leticrs, and Van Buren, Butler, 
 ami their eonfederates, persecuted Clinton till his death, and then — niil till then — prai.sedliim 
 as the greatest of statesmen and of patriots. 
 
 The bitter haired of Van Buren to Clinton may he inferred from Butler's letters. Tie \\a> 
 at Sandy Hill when Woodworth was ajipc/inted. Van Buren was a i^enator at Albany in 
 1H18-1!>, and was almcist violent in ins opposition to Bufus Kin'/, then a eandi<late for the I 
 S. Senate. In Deeemlier. '.Slit, he wheeled idund to the side of Kiiiijr, wrote a pamphlet on 
 his behalt^— and why! Me had hecdme saiisfied tiiat Kim^- was not the iriend of Clinton' 
 "Sensible as 1 am (says \'ari Buren) of tie- •.■■leai merits ol Mr. Kinu, and of the advantat;i^ 
 which would probably result from his appointineiit, still, did ! believe that he was oppo.sed i. 
 us in the present ciiniro\ el sv between Hie repidilican /w/7//iiiid Mr. I'liiiliin and his /(7/(.i/Yr> 
 euuld 1 even suppose that lie looked wiili iiidijlrn iirr on llie sliutri'le o| llie yical biKiy of oiii 
 citizens tf) extricate themselves from an /'/////r/;'v (Cliuinii'sJ wliich has so jonir /;/,,s.vv/ vjuiii If,. 
 state, and nmfir vhirh fli>' rmi iii l < / m ,/i',,i Ju r Inir < /. rt/lnni iii /'.■- I 'iiii'ii, I lia\ e iic) hesiialiuii 
 in sayin,?, I unuid nppo.s<' his appoiiilinci.t. 
 
 ('oloiiel Duane, ever free ami letirlessdi nnimecd V;in Buren and his new allies for tlu'ir 
 persecution of CliiUon. In the Aiiroia ofOciohei. is-Jl. I find these remaifs: 
 
 " But why ealumniute Mr. Cliiaon ! I!ccaii-e the I'lniiience ot his ipialifieatious, and the 
 place which lie holds, in ilie esteem ol all iiiielli;,'cMt ami iihi'iiil minds, iciidei.s liini an objr.i 
 of apprehension to those \\ ho are in po\\cr, and who look to him as a leailid rival, from tlir 
 disparity betwe(>n their faculties, and the pl.-o'i he holds iii the eves and hetuis of the peopli 
 Fur thi.s calumny olAlr. C. ihe pnhiication ol tiic laws, ihe |iaiiiin;ii;e ol'ihc |iovt-o()iee, and all 
 the miserable crundis of a corrupt svsicm ate divtriliuted, show ini' the inel.iicehoh fact that ili'.- 
 press mav he ])uivliased for a iiiiilid ai.nual sii|i|.n,! - ainl pci\citcd iiil<i aii eni'ine of nuliohul 
 ileerradalion. ' 
 
 WiliiHin L. Stone in the .N. \. Commercial iif Cd. II, Ih'J.S, a-k'^ .•. veral Icadinj^ queslion< 
 ot Van Buren's supjxiiteis — amon!,'iheni these: 
 
 "Who, ainonir the w.'iole host of .\lr. (.'iinton's enemies, was s(» active and so artful !i.«i Mr. 
 Van Buren ? Wlio so ivlenlless :ind so pi'isecutiii!,' ! Wiiat |>olitii';il jilan for devel.jpinfrtl" 
 resources of the state did Mr. Clinton ever devi.se, that Mr, V an liiircn did not attempt eithci 
 to thwart, or to deprive him of the honor ! VViinl ]iiitli did .\Ir. ( 'iintcjii evd' propose to travii 
 that Mr. Van Buren did not cross'! When did .\lr. Clinton ever raise his arm in the nulili'. 
 wervice that Mr. Van Buren did not attempt to paraly/e it '! When did Mr. Van Buren's hos- 
 tility to Mr. Cli-^ton ever sleep? Not until the illustrious man slept with his fathers, and tin; 
 grave had closed upon his remains. Then it was, and not till then, that Mr. Van Buren bocaiuc 
 jiware of the talents, the virtues, the inesiiuiable worth of Mr. Clinton.' 
 
 parade of 1 
 scarfs, mom 
 hill to revvai 
 and by the > 
 before, the 
 poor but dis 
 Jackson's bi 
 Clinton, the 
 his death, IS' 
 of its l)rigiu< 
 abuse of CI 
 thu.s pronoui 
 was (lesignai 
 honors. Bu 
 are his mom 
 
 The Crawfoi 
 pie on llw I 
 F.Uctoral 
 
 I'rosircll, 
 Piiblir (Ji 
 and thr 
 
 In oin! c!,i^ 
 telligencor— 
 to nominate 
 United St.'it! 
 Kaloii, \i. V 
 that they Inu 
 eaueii:-;, aiul 
 eaueu;-; :it ih 
 siiiil, '• that 
 I'ontiiieiii \\v\ 
 favor :if this 
 he made." 
 I aeh for .\ia 
 
 \ ice I'lTsi'le 
 
 A.mori'.!; tin 
 C. C.l'ambn 
 and John i'o 
 by Conii.ri's.'.;, 
 where all tlif 
 to one persoi 
 slitulion.* 
 
 • Tiie state 
 tution, that the 
 ■qiial in popula 
 ber by the vote 
 
e:ssed. 
 
 , connected witli 
 
 t the comptroller) 
 
 1, and Van Buren 
 relative to the 
 and great success 
 n devoted to the 
 i all. * * * The 
 ;ommenced under 
 er his immediate 
 not fail to become 
 t(!inpted to envy 
 
 < to induce him to 
 Balaam wished to 
 («/? Jlowshalll 
 the liyhleousj ami 
 t, was the funeral 
 
 of till" St!il(>of New 
 in ottii't'. told Clinton 
 I reason thai he \va- 
 I ijivo him ihe juiin- 
 iieiit ; liiit so iinprin- 
 ■sfit' in mnkincr smh 
 
 I me." John Wood 
 (I Van Buren, BiilliM, 
 
 II then — praised liim 
 
 VA.v r.ri;nN s c.\t;cus, or de.mocracy ii'.siDn hows. 
 
 
 parade of 182S, with Saviigc, Siither'Kiiul, Flagg and Mavcy, derorated with 
 scarfs, mourning for Clinton, and uinong his paU-bc:iri'rs I What ;i censure the 
 hill to reward Clinloii''s invahiable services, by a grant of mnney lo his chikiren. 
 
 and by the very men \vho.<^(.' envy of his talents had d( 
 
 anil so artful a.s Mr. 
 l;iii liir ilevel>)pinf;tli' 
 (lid not attempt eithci 
 eviT propose to travn 
 
 liis arm in the puhlii 
 Mr. Van Buren's hos- 
 th his fathers, and the 
 Ir. Van Buren bocaiuf 
 
 er's letters. Tie \vn- | 
 ■lenator at Albany in 
 (•an<liiiate tor the I 
 wrote a pamphlet on 
 le friend of Clinton' 
 i(i of the advantai;!'^ 
 It lie was opposed i. 
 hm and ]\\^ folliirrn 
 he uieal hiKiy ol' oin 
 
 itU'J /HiHSfll lljiinl Ih: 
 
 . I lia\e no hesiialii.il 
 
 s iitu allies for llii'ir 
 lai ls : 
 
 iialilieations, and the 
 chiiei^ liim an ohjf.i 
 I'ailid ri\'ul, Iruni tlir 
 
 hearls di' the- peopli 
 till- iitisl-(. nice, and all 
 
 .mrlioh I'ael that ill' 
 an ent.'ine olnutioimi 
 
 ral h'adins quesliuib ■ 
 
 '11 
 
 .!:■•., on'y lour years 
 
 before, the hi-imbU; privilege of .sen'ing his country \.itMOM' i": j or resvard, 
 
 poor but disiiitorestc.d, in the midst of \'un Buren'.s grct civ f;poi!',r.u-n ! Andrew 
 
 Jackson's birthday toast, March 15, lb2S, was, "'(;i;: lu. lao'-^. c'l I)e Witt 
 
 Clinton, the Patriot, t'le Philuntliropist, nnd the distiL?;'.';;;!.!' ;.• i'. :,;vji:n. la 
 
 his death, New i'oik has lost one of her mo.st useful .-.oii", ai.- 1 
 
 of its brightest ornaments.'" Kven Ritchie, whose column; ; .il 
 
 abuse of (^liiitoii, in toriner y( an;, was moved ; and t!'i:> rV;v"''e.i 
 
 thus pronounced his eulogy : — " A f^real man has fallen in h;ra? I 
 
 was designated for the firs', chair in tiie nation is cut fd-' in th.' 
 
 honors. But liis name will go down to posterity, full uf ;k ni.'r, .■.u^^■ b.ijs v/orks 
 
 are his monuui'-nt " 
 
 u; nation one 
 
 Icemt'd witii 
 
 ■'.I Enqi:irer 
 
 A mun who 
 
 uxAsX of his 
 
 CH A PTKR XV. 
 
 The Crawford Caucus of 1S34. — Van Buren, Cambrd.vui, end Stevenson tram~ 
 pleon llic Denidcratlc Princ.'ipU\ — Srcret Comhinntimi >•/ Itoarnry !.fuh?rs. — The 
 Jukctornl Luw. — Monarchical Ftnlurcs in our SijslCni.— r.'i.-fnj, IVriijhi, Earll, 
 I'rosircll, Ian linrui., ami f he rest of Ihe Alhanif Ol'njnrcjii<. Ui.tiimj i,j put uowu 
 Public Opiiiidii — \()iing up fir d'/n-ernor. — The Old I'edirufisls. — iVrir/lit 
 and the Scrmtan. 
 
 In one day, in tl;e winter of 1S21, two notices appe rad in llie .Xal'nnal In- 
 telligencer — lii(? lir.'.l t'allinjr a meeting or caucus of the memberj ol Congress, 
 to nominate lit pci'sons to hll the odices of President and Vice I'resident of the 
 United States — t'li' otii r, a ilei'luration signed by H. M. Johii.son, John H. 
 Katon, \i. Y. ll.'.yne, S. D. liii'luini, (u'o. Krein(>r, J. R. Poin.~. It, and others, 
 that they had bei'ii uu'orme.l, that of 2L)1 members, Kii ueie opposed hi the 
 cniu'U-'., and pi'.ibaldy more. Dn the 1-Hli of l''ebruary. tit! members attended a 
 eaiK'Us :it the (';ipitol: Van Buun moved that tht y be called by state>*, and 
 said, '• that the (.fople were aiixiouslv waiting for n nomination, antl he felt 
 eonfideiii lh;il a large portion of the re; ublicaiis of the C'nion a\re decidedly J« 
 fiwor •</' this lundt' of noniinatiiiii and ;. .it it was quite neeessary that it should 
 i>e made." Tlie ballot shoua'd til votes for Crawford, 2 for Adams, and 1 
 ra''b for Mai'oa and .lael;soii, to be President — and "'< votes for (Jallatin, as 
 \ loe President. CrawUird and (Jallalin were nominated. 
 
 A.mong the members taking part in this wonderful piece of iin|)osture, were 
 ('. C. Cambreleng, Andrew Steven-ion, Lr-wis Katon, l,o(: Clark, P. P. l^arbour, 
 anil John I'oi.Atti. Ivvan if thf jiraetiee of a virtual election of tlie President 
 l»y Cona'ress, tbron;',h a ( aucus, bad been defensible, a caucus in favor of oni', 
 wiiere all the candidates were of one party, was confniiiig the people's choice 
 to one per.sim, and thus .stitling public opinion and rescinding in so far the con- 
 
 stitution. 
 
 • Tlie stale of North Carolina ha^ in 1818, proposed, as amendments to the. IT. S, consti- 
 tution, that the rcpre-'icauuives in conf;re.ss should ho chosen by sopa.rale districl.s, made as 
 ':qual in population as pij-isilile by the several state lefjislatiire.s ; eiich di'-trict to ele<a one mem- 
 ber by the votes of its ^uaUli'-'d ek -tors— and that, for the purpoi^e of electing clcclora of presi- 
 
 -'•Vw. 
 
 
 .'",!,*'■ 
 
 vV 
 
 I i. 
 
 li- I 
 
 '■ m 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 1,; 
 
 
 l.f^ 
 
 *.; 
 
il 
 
 69 
 
 BUCKTAIL PRINCIPLES, ROTTEN BOROUGHS OUT OP ENGLAND. 
 
 !f $ 
 
 ;■ 
 
 
 
 In January, 1824, there might be seen the really paradoxical spectacle of a 
 body of nicu in tlie legislature, arrogating to themselves the exclusive title of 
 republicans, (he democracy^ who were unwearied in endeavoring to defeat the 
 people's instructions, by giving the go-by to a law required by the whole state, 
 giving to the country, and not reserving to party leaders in the Legislature, the 
 election of electors of President and Vice President. I hope the day draws 
 near in which the people will vote directly for the men of their choice to these 
 offices, and that on the same day too, throughout the republic. 
 
 By reference to B. F. Butler's letters, pp. IU8, 169, and to Hoyt's. Croswell's, 
 Van Buren's, Skinner's, and Livingston's, pp. 193 to 198, it will be seen that 
 there was a secret combination among the leaders to keep power from the 
 people, and to use it contrary to their well known will. " If Clinton is very 
 dangerous, (says Livingston,) they [the party in the 1 >gisluture] will go one 
 way ; and if il is thought he cannot make any difficulty, they will go t'other 
 way." The ijutriols thus acting for Van Burcn and Crawford, had the assurance 
 to talk of a bargain between President Adams and Secretary Clay ! ! A. C. 
 Fiagg seems to have been the leader of the oligarchs in the Assembly. His 
 press, the Plattsburgh Republican, and also the Albany Argus, had come out in 
 lavorofthe measure before the election, and then moved round to another course.* 
 
 dent and vice pic;-idonf, imcIi state ought to be divided into separate disn-ict.«, as many as it was 
 entitled to f lectors; I'achol's-aid districts to be contiguous, and convenient tor tlie people to meet 
 in, and to choose one representative. This was the di.strict system, both for electors and Congress- 
 men, and eleven Seiiaiors, i minding Bowne, Skinner, Seymour, and Living-ston, (Peter R. J sup- 
 ported it. Samuel ^'oidis, Van Buren, Caniinc, Tibbets, and six others, opposed it. Several 
 years ulier, in ilie U. 8. Senate, Van Buren proposed to divide each oi the states into as many 
 liibiricLs as its number of electors — each district to choose one elector — the electors, so chosen, tn 
 moot and voie fur jnesident iind vice president; and in ca.se no om.' candidate; had a majority 
 vi' their voices, they were to be convened again, to vote lor one of the two candidates to whom 
 liiey had given the iiio.-i voles l)elbre ; and then, if the votes were equal, and no choice mad'-, 
 liie House of Represpntaiivi s were to make a choice. He agitated this question for tlireo vears, 
 and others iiavc Kept some letoim or other before the community ever seiner, but no steady and 
 connected eflbrt has been made to aflbrd a real remedy for a great and serious dilhcuity. 
 
 There are many feaiiues in the United States system of government ihat approtich much 
 nearer to the British and French monarchical plan, than to demo. rac;*. lii the Obskkvkh, 
 New York, 20th December, I8'i;«, the editor says :— 
 
 " Our readers are aware that, as tlie constitution now stands, if the electors fail to choose on 
 the fust trial, tiie chuiee devolves on the House of Representatives, and that in this case the 
 representatives of eaoli stale are entitled to one vote. The present number of slates in ilic 
 ['nion is twentv-foui-. Thirteen are a majority. The population of the United States, in 18'J(i, 
 \\;>s nearly 10,000,000. Thiiieen states can be selected, whose joint population is le.ss than 
 -;,'?00,000. (Jt course, if is possible that l,tOO,(K)0 per.-^ons, ur a little inore than one-tenth part 
 of the population of tin; Uuiied States, may legally appoint the President of the United States, 
 in op))osiiiou lo the will of the other nine-tenths. This ca.se, moreover, is not a solitary one. 
 It is a (act, that tlie princijile which we so .strongly condemn in the English rotten boiough .sys- 
 tem, pervades every part ol ihe constitution of the Uniiwl Slates, and threniens, in the end, lo 
 be as ruinous to the i ighls of the ptwple in this country, as it has been in Great Britain. The 
 treaty-making power is vested by the eon.stitution in the President and two-iiiiids of the Senate. 
 Two-Uiirds of the Senate represent two-thirds of the .states — that is, at present, sixteen out of 
 twenty-four. Sixteen slate's (■;in be selected, whose joint population does not exceed 3,100,000 
 It is possible, therefore, that treaties may be inadu in opposition to the wishes of two-thirds of 
 the American people." 
 
 Under the last Cong'pssional apportionment, a presidential election, if carried into the House 
 of Representatives, mighi be decided against a candidate supported by more than two-thirds oi' 
 the population, properiv, and representation in that House, of the whole Union, and in tavor 
 of a candidate not voted Ibr bv even one-third of these. The .slave representation makes thi^ 
 state of thiiigs still worse. Jackson, in 1825, had but three votes out of seventy-llirce, in New 
 York and New England; but Van Buren united interests with him in 1828, and, with the help 
 of tJie conn-actors, oHice-seekers, la^VT^ers, and editors, converted many, myself among the 
 number. 
 
 ♦ On the 3d of August, .it a special session in Senate, Mr. Ogden moved a resolution " that 
 it is expedient to pass a law aA Lh* frtsent meeting oj the Ugislalure, givins io the people ot 
 
 FLAG 
 
 t In 1824, C 
 jchiefly of mei 
 hd of April, tl 
 itiO votes, and 
 jand Burt 21. 
 jby Clinton an 
 ^Young was a\ 
 ■*ond Vice Pr 
 ^cheme of l!r 
 Wtes of a hi 
 ^u'nority oongi 
 M the state ii 
 |ii one state, 
 jkiid that is So 
 ticteat in the 1 
 
 Ills Slate the e 
 
 iViii,'lil, Walter 
 
 lilalkiry, .lonas 
 
 J'iiuni, VVIieelei 
 
 f;il(! .M'lntire, Jc; 
 
 piiileil !h;it ;i spec 
 
 I (111 the ')th, lilt 
 
 jliciiirs, was <'ai 
 
 i.Mi','e,.\Vlieaion, 
 
 I" I. .mil's of llie; 
 
 Ulii, ihe Ud'V e.lil 
 
 l;ii;i! and \V'ii;;li 
 
 Hi. aiii! tl'-.iil ;r. 
 
 I liiDiuji V an 
 
 llillelieed Ihe li 
 
 I e I anal fJuai'il. I 
 
 I lu lie pi'e--i( 
 
 li'iitenniil li'n\e 
 
 iii'eh to give 111. 
 
 [ii'aied and pre|Hi 
 
 iiul), ".Mi. \Vr 
 
 lllil. il'eleeted, ; 
 
 I this inanu'liv 
 [ed-.'. \\ e slial 
 lis a limn who e 
 lit, who is ai ilii 
 
 made must be 
 ,vilij,'Mon hu\ in,; 
 president till .\ 
 iwinan, Iliiiriir. 
 yes (Silas Wri 
 >.spKn), Woosier 
 lly mai'li.sed, wh 
 [iihle 111 seize tu 
 'eil lo Van Hnn 
 Hn tiie canal bo 
 (ssueh men as V 
 1 Kool pieferred 
 iuie the vario 
 ■ea voice in tin 
 I'leelurs of pres 
 iss by general I 
 my. Young an 
 •et, and South C 
 (le a choice by t 
 ite, and he was 
 
FLAGG S SHOW. WHIG FIT AND THt IMMORTAL SKVENTEEN. 
 
 57 
 
 NOLAND. 
 
 [ spectacle of a 
 xclusive title of 
 ng to defeat the 
 the whole state, 
 Legislature, the 
 3 the clay draws 
 choice to these 
 
 yt's. Croswell's, 
 all be seen that 
 power from the 
 f Clinton is very 
 re] will go one 
 y will go t'other 
 lad the assurance 
 ■ Clay ! ! A. C 
 Assembly. His 
 had come out in 
 another course.* 
 
 t.«, a.s many as it was 
 ir the people to meet 
 ectors and Congress- 
 slon,(PotorR.,) sup- 
 opposed it. Several 
 
 states into as many 
 "lectors, so cliohen, t" 
 date had a majority 
 
 candidates to whom 
 and tio choire made, 
 ?Mion for Llireo years, 
 ee, but no steady and 
 ou-i dithcuity. 
 
 hat approach much 
 
 111 tlie OlitiEKVEfi, 
 
 tors fail to choose on 
 hat in this ca.se the 
 nher of .states in the 
 
 nited States, in 1S'.2(I, 
 ipulaiion is less tlian 
 e than one-tenth pan 
 
 of the United States, 
 not a solitary one. 
 .1 mlten borough sys- 
 •niens, in the end, to 
 Great Britain. I'Ih' 
 
 .iliirds of tlic Senate. 
 
 resent, sixteen out of 
 not exceed a.tOO.OOO 
 shes of two-thirds of 
 
 arricd into the House 
 re than two-thirds oi 
 Union, and in favor 
 ;sentation makes ihi^ 
 —venty-tiirce, in New 
 !8, and, with the heir 
 •, myself among the 
 
 ed a resolution " that 
 ving to the people ot 
 
 ' In 1824, Colonel Young was the candidate of the bucktail caucus, composed 
 
 chiefly of members of the legislature friendly to Crawford, for governor. On the 
 
 |oj of April, this caucus, 100 in number, met ; and on the fust ballot, Young had 
 
 |tiO votes, and Joseph C. Yates 4;") ; Erastus Root had 75 for lieutenant governor, 
 
 ^and Burt 21. Root was for Crawford, Young for Clay, and both were defeated 
 
 fbv Clinton and Tallmadge, who had their nominations from a state convention. 
 
 lYoung was avowedly friendly, throus^hout, to the election of electors of President 
 
 •*iind Vice President by the people, and oppo.^^ed to Van Buren's bargaining 
 
 ffheme of 1824, by which he and the Albany Regency sold, as it were, the 
 
 Votes of a hirelinjf ntajority of baiikiobbinu!; lawgivers, to a particular set of 
 
 ininority congressioiml caucusing protligatcs, and endeavored to pledge the votes 
 
 M the state in opposition to tlie known wishes of a iiiajority of the people. 
 
 fn one state, only, is the election of electois confided to the legislature now, 
 
 jhiul that is Sotith Carolina. Vouno's steady opposition to Crawford ensured his 
 
 |( feat in the legislature, and catisud Adams to be returned in his stead, as the 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 eleetois of Prei-iiUnt aini \iie President." The ikhs were Silas 
 
 r<iaie iiie iiii'ki; m lh-liuk. in i ir.-imiii .uiu y n u i icmihiu. i iic /((/(.> were oiiaK 
 i'dil, Walter I'owiie, .(ohii Siidain, !■'. .s^Jraiiahan I''.. 1'. Liviiij<.--tiin, Ji/s/HT M'an/, .las. 
 llorv, .lonas Kiiill, Cliaiies I'.. IJudley, Perley Ivryes, tireen, Cireeiily, Biotisun, LetTerts, 
 irii. VVheeli'i, W'oosier, ArCall and llenian, .1. Kedlield. Anioni,' the (^//r,? were Aiciii- 
 1 ,\l'liitiie, Jdliii (,'raiu<'r, llui^lil, iJurl, Lyiide. and Huiidus. I'hij;f< imd his fritnds ijre- 
 
 , 1 .1 . ._ . ;,.! .•..,. , :ii I 1...I ,l...l 
 
 111-, Stale the i-lioiee i 
 
 iVris 
 
 riiui 
 
 ;iL. - - , ..... 
 jiided tliat a special ses;.i<)U was ill(.';,ral, l)iit wen' overruled. 
 (Millie r»!h, tin' resolve. /(; i^irrilu- people, and lalce i'rciii llie I.eifi.^lature tlie choice of 
 li'ciurs, was carried in liie assLMuoly. 7.'> to .14; Croliits, (''iniunii, Mct'luie, lvif,'f(s, Tall- 
 i','e..\Vii''aliiii, anil Wilkin aiiinii';' tlu' yeas, t'laji;:,' said ihai " as Ihr .•/imr was now over and 
 !.,liiii'.'- iM llie :,i'iili''liK-M : p: tad o!i llie reeiiid, iir Iii|h-lI i!;' ', vwli- iviniy In iidjoiiri!," ('(<le- 
 ,,ui. llii' 1>MV edliiir ul'tii.' I'd-I, I'ldled llii> \Mlii];; a ri.iiiuK.ii-^ lanT- li.' u..s w iih \'an Hiiii.'n, 
 lUL^ij and NV'i ij'.lii. f"i" ( 'rawlunl — and lie weni with Van Hiirt-n, t.iu, lor Kiii'^as senator in 
 •I!!, am! di-.id a.'/ain^i llie war and ("lay and .Vladi.-oii, in I.sl-J, The M-nale Wdiild nut act. 
 I liioUL.ii Van Piiii'i'U, W'riL^lil, f'lau'if. Key.-,, Alairy, Kii.iurraial lin'ir artful eonlederales, 
 iliiiiii'i'd ilii' Ir'Mshiiiiii' I'l liriy j>uMii' opiiiidn liir I WO scssit,i:s, and lo ou;it (.'lintoii from 
 liual IJnaid. liiey ha I ili'-i' n'waid. ('lawloi'd lailfd l.i :.cei ilie '..de oi .\. "\'. --he .'ailed 
 l;,'I tii lie |)i'e--idciii- I'linii.ii was elrcicil as ( ioveriiur bv 17, OHO majority, and 'i'allniadj?e 
 li'iiI'Miaiit (,Jn\eriior bv !i'J, 111)0, uvi'r \'aii liipens inHuinei's. Wi iuht vciletj on the lOih of 
 iiiih ttjf^ive Ihi' ehi)ii-e nl eie( liiis to the people, by i;ih,'ial lirlii't— be Ihen proposed a eom- 
 ■atedand piep. i .lepnusM'lieine wliieli only :;.it fdurMippnrters. "The tact was" (says Hanv- 
 Hill), " .Mr. \V I i.i;hi, previous til his rleetiiiii, bad iriveii tin' people to under.^tand that he 
 jiilil if clccti'il, support a bill .'jiviiii; III ihc piople the ri'/bt In ehi'iLsc |)resideniial electors. 
 li.s uiaiuj'uvriiitc was ,•;.,■ ijic puipii.;e of e.vbibiiiii.; uii appearance ul' ri'dei'inin^ thai 
 ,„r,e. ^\ c sliall shoiily liiil liiiii \iiiiii:,' for an iiidcliniie pu-.lpoii>'iiiciit of ibe bill."' And 
 i-' a man who eonld llius ih-ccnd lo ihe nic.-niness of niel. ini,' llie men he pit-tended to repre- 
 [, who is ill this dav t'overiior of New ^'oii;. The limber oiil of which iniod fjovernors 
 made must be scarce In thes-' p;uls. The bill trot ihe >,'o by same day (10 March), E. P. 
 iiiL'sion having' moved In ^'lOp all con.sidl'ralion of ihe bill to iri\e she peojile the choice of 
 )ii'esident till November, uhiii it would be ii -I'less iiir aiioiher four years. Himself and 
 winan, Ilmnir, IJion^on, Dmlley, (H'Ui's correspondent.) Kaill (canal (.'om'r). Greenly, 
 .yps (Silas Wri.L^ht's mentor), Lciferls, Xlallory, M'Call. Uedlield, siranuhan, Siulam, Ward 
 iSHKu), Wooster, and Uoveiiior Wri;.5hi •'••■ ■ ' •*■ — •'• i-- > i. ,.«.>- ........ .i..,.. 
 
 ...... y.^....-. ..».,-.,... y, _-. T-- T -- . ~ , . . -».v» 
 
 sHKu), Wooster, and Uoveiiior Wri;.5hi— tiie iminorial 17 pretcmlers to a democracy they 
 ly piiicii.sed, when, as Wi ij,'hl .>ays in his leitcr (p. OtKl), they had to do journey work, l)eins 
 able til sei/.e riiK spoils. (Jul. Vouiiu', like bis li'iciid t.:r. nier, and (ieneral Rixit, was op- 
 nedlo Van Huien in this mailer. Wii^dii, then in his MOih year, voted to remove Clinton 
 ill the canal board. It is enoindi to .shake a man's liiiih in pojiular institutions when he 
 is such men as Van Huicn and W ii;:iit sucicid a ' 'liiitonas t;ii\crniirsoflhis','reatstate. Gene- 
 Root preferred in lN-1, ami Van IJuicn in is'j^i, an eledion ul'eKelors by .separate districts, 
 'au-^e the varioii-. districts have a wuiciy of interests, and each section of country .should 
 t'c a voice in thi-choiceolehief inasfivlraic. 'I'he iiiyumenis usi'd in favor of a general ticket 
 electors of president would juslily to a far ^.^ealei e.Mcni. the election ot' members of cou- 
 ss hi' fjeneral ticket, foi- ihe eleciois jierforin but one act while the congressmen perform 
 ny. Yoimg and Van Buren, however, are now strongly in i'avor of election by general 
 let, and South Carolina chooses her electors by the Legislature, allcr every otiier state has 
 de a choice by the peojile. Only one of the above seventeen ventured to re-appear as a can- 
 ate, and he was swept away by the overwhelming majority given to his opponent, 
 
 k": % ■ 
 
 ■^:\-\:- 
 
 
 f 
 
 '■in 
 '«. '1 
 
 !]i 
 
 iii^ 
 
 H' 
 
$ ■. 
 
 o8 
 
 I 
 
 ! f ■ 
 
 rut TLKM I LDLKALlisi' Ab A Kl.rUOALll. UVlAl lOK JACKOON. 
 
 
 
 
 I- 
 
 
 It'; 
 
 second candidute, instead of ht'iiig behind C'rawlord and Clay, and not a 
 candidate at all. Thus it was throuirh iVcw Y'ork that Adams became 
 President. Adams had 84 votes, including; ',i2 from this state, obtained through 
 a union of the friends of Clay and Adams in the legislature. Crawford had 41, 
 but would have had 73 had he gut the 32 from iS. V., and Adams but r,'2, 
 Instead of applying to parties tiie names which would most clearly indicate 
 their principles, the usage is, to apply to an opponent any term which popular 
 leaders and presses have rendered odious to the more ignorant. Young de- 
 nounced, not long sitice, the su])poilers of John Q. Adams as j't'deralista. When 
 it was shown that he had aided .\dams' election in 1HJ4, lie said that at that 
 time Adams was a good democrat, if so, why abuse Clay for preferring one 
 democrat to another 1 The trutli is, tiiat IJiair, Crosw»'ll, and many other 
 unprincipled hirelings use the term fedcraiisl as a reproach, and their impudence 
 in so doing is unmatched, for Taney, McLai.e, Hryant, Buchanan, Ingersol, 
 Bleecker, Oakley, Powers, J^eekinaii, \ anderpool, and very many others of the 
 party calling itself democratic;, were Icunierly niembers of the great federal 
 parly, which numbers thousands uf the greatest, wisest, and best names known 
 to American histoiy. It is now no more ; it had its faults, its merits, its un- 
 worthy members — but it was honored in not having reared and educated a Buit 
 and a Van Buren. Col. Young, in Senate, j-'eb. 4, lS4t) [Argus report] doe* 
 not hesitate severely to censure \ an Huren tor the Crawford caucus of I8'i4; 
 he denounces it as '• made by a minority of the democratic members oi 
 congress ; and that very act brol.e dow n that macliinery, for never since have 
 members of compress nominated a president. It was regarded as so great iii: 
 outrage on the former practice —for never before had a minority undertaken ti. 
 nominate — that the whole system broke down." 
 
 P( 
 
 Jurr's argumc 
 lind, when he 
 fackson was tl 
 tiew's for conq 
 %i part, by the 
 
 \ * The violent d 
 r reestul.ili.sliMiei 
 ii'eiit annexation 
 p (if fi'i''linif to 
 \oi(y tor brief 
 '.in Buren, Bentc 
 1 .(anios Knox Po 
 15. he beinc: the 
 in lii.s inaui^ural 
 iisohemn.s and ai,' 
 i certain Suites ( 
 •■ ;he dis.'<olution o 
 1 ciplc to the Unio 
 ! lALL TK.N'D 
 qP'' SKCIMOXS ( 
 izcMs, and iSriOl 
 f(t t.'ierisjhts uf ot!i 
 !ioe, i/' 'J'e.vns n^i 
 
 ill A.\D uxaf 
 
 iit;. Rulei' uf th( 
 lit ari.'-n iVuni 
 iriipotent^e to su- 
 ai.\' he stood tl 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 Andrew Jachson mint imled for PrrsldenI, in Iblf), 6(/ Col. Burr.— The Tcm 
 Movement. — Polk and Slnirrji.— Swarlicoi^rs ProcefditKjs. — Cfimtnmji 
 View-f. — Jachon''^ posUUm in ISOG. — Ih afts (la />'//•/•'.< A<init. — Ihun 
 attempt to Diftsolve the Umoit. — McDi'Jfir'n F.f'rl. — The. True Policy of Ihv _ 
 Republic. — .Jackson and \'<in Buren liuyimj Texas. — Hnmillon on Burr-jj^ 
 Burr fcilh him. — F./ilers into Arramji-nwiUs with Pitt. — Bvrr\ Fumiltj.- 
 Judge Marshall on Blennerhassitt. — ii'illi-inson''s Testimom/. — Dareznc^s Ai-\ 
 j.fgt_ — The Daytons of Netr .fersey, — Frank ()(jdm. — Scdrjxvick on Texan,-] 
 TexttH, how Settled. — Its Conventinn. — ("hanniiKj on Slavery. — Van BurenC 
 Instructions to the Mixican Minister, in 1S29. — Benpvolence and Disintereslj^ 
 edness of the U. S. Government. — A Curious Arrjument. — Gaines Invtuk 
 Mexico. — Senator Uouston. — CaUioxnPs Upiuio?is ini Slavay. — His Letter: 
 to King and Jl'ilson Shannnu.— Canada, a Uefuye for the Oppressed Slave- 
 Southern Policy Disclosed III a Caiiditl Minister to Mexico. — On Fxtendm^ 
 the Area of O'ppes.iion. — i/ov to Raise the Price <f Virginia Negroes.-t 
 Murphy's Hint to Play the Ht/pocrite, — Our Treaty with the Mexicans.— 1¥ 
 Destiny of the Americans.. —Public Life.—Xational Purity. ' 
 
 Andrew Jackson was first nominated as President of tlie United States, bij 
 Aaron Burr. Col. Burr's letter, with liis reasons for preferring Jackson, w)f 
 addressed to Governor Alston, as early as 1815, and will be found among tM 
 correspondence. I have seen it stated, but not on any specific authority, thij 
 
 lu 
 
 Mr. r».,jk- th,)u;rhl 
 |liin!' wroni; in 
 lili'N of his iMi, 
 jiii."-lhem -M'llii 
 jpaiviit from I'w 
 li'-hiiiL'- fiiin (jr I 
 jiop i|y ia ail th; 
 liiiiii', .'ninjil}' 
 lii-ilili' jiiiii I, jiiv 
 |i''i'— and had a 
 Mai'l; drirr>n u 
 ' !','ati(| ,1 mono; 
 'iifnfy and I'ntni' 
 l''r when ihcy pi 
 I mov. in ('haVai'i 
 h'amin to|r| th: 
 
 Pbstradenndbic 
 et si0(;l,-jo)i]j,.,. I 
 
 Minu'.9 p.jnned p 
 "he author ol'ii 
 Ppiited eom))iler 
 (i'i,"'ii llic hi:,dii' 
 id.^iU, ( '. VV. La 
 |'i'"i' he had "th. 
 ■■"■1'^ of hi^:, doi, 
 ^ HI. -'r-7M il,. 
 I''7, hi.-; e.vcu.'!i' f( 
 isi'f Praijco. V 
 l^ve States di 
 anstodoiis Moxi 
 "a native of S. 
 ||ny humble stric 
 "'agains^t tiie po 
 
IACK60N. 
 
 lay> and not a 
 Ailains became 
 )btaiinHl through 
 'raw ford had 41, 
 Adams but 
 
 POLK S INAUGURAL. MEXICO, SLAVERY AND TEXAS. 
 
 59 
 
 urr's arguments In favor of Jackson had great influciico over Van Buren's 
 ind, when he became his adherent. Unquestionably, the popularity of Gen. 
 ackson was the leading inducement. W e shall find that 13urr and Jackson's 
 1 • iv indicate t'^^'^ ^^^ conquering Mexico from Spain, in 1S05, have l).;pn since earned out 
 ^ ^hk-h popular h f^^^t ^y ^^^^ Texas movement of Polk,* Van Buren, Jackson, Calhoun, and 
 
 Young de- * * 
 
 ; » Tlie violent dismpinbi^rmenl of Mexico by citizens of the Tlnitinl States, with a view to 
 leestitblishiiienl ol'sluvory iu Texa^ ; and Ihe veiy remarlcablc ci'viinr 'anci's atit.'udiag its 
 
 ant 
 
 >ler(ilists. When 
 
 said that at thai 
 for preferring one 
 
 and many othtr 
 I their impudeme 
 u'hannn, Ingersol, 
 any others of the 
 
 the great federal 
 ln'st names known 
 
 its merits, its uii- 
 id educated a Burt 
 irgus report] dot"' 
 .1 "eaucus of l8:i4 
 ;iatie nien\bers oi 
 !■ lu'.ver sine*,' hii\> 
 led as so great an 
 ,rity undertaken t. * i" ^'■''•" ''•^' 
 
 loeiit annotation lo (his Union, in violation of gooJ faitli to a fV' 'adly repuhli'- • w'd'.: tl 
 (p of fi'flini^ to which tlit"<i' evenf*, ;ind their expected re«iihs, have n^ivon ri •^, I'orni some 
 jhvy tor brief notices ol'iiie \;irioiis jmris jihiyed in the exeliini; I'rJim.i, ly Ab---: i-.. Polk, 
 an Buren, Benton, H(niston, .lackson, Burr, Sw'nrtwont, and th''jr friends, or confederates. 
 
 '.fames Knox Polk toolc the orith of oiiice at tiie Capitol, ;is President, on 'I'uesday, M.'irch 'iMi, 
 If), he bein?: then in hi-* 50lh year. 
 
 Ill his inausijural address, he expressed a deep rog:ret thrit " mi-Lmidi'd pTsans" b:id ;ni'ulg»d 
 schemes and agitations '• whose object is the destruction of POMK'iTr.:) iN.rnTi'rinv.'i: p\:stiii:< 
 certain States or sections" — arul thoui^'ht t!iat, all must spp ih:;t if '';•■ > mv 
 he dissolution ot' tlie Union" must speedilv Ibliow. '-To in'-'c' ~e t'- ■ 
 ,|,K> to the Union (said he) OUR LAWS SHOULD BE .FUST. A S V 
 L\LL TF,.\i) TO PAYOR MONOPOLIES, OR THE .!.■; ■■H.,r 
 ■' SF.CTIONS 0|{. (:L.\.sSKS, mii^toperatetothoprejudico o. tin hit •■ 
 i/e:i-, and SHOULD Hf: AVOIDED. ' It would t)o his aim "lo . ',:■■■" 
 
 {(*• i::c rights ol'othir nations," and '■none, could lail to see the u •!;.'»'';'r tJ c 
 
 pfcici', it''J'exas remains an iridependent state." 
 
 il''J'exas remains an iridependent state." ''Our title to il; 
 c»:,v AND UNaUESTION.Vl].' i;." Th" President " tervenllv 
 ;>iit'. Ruler oiilie Uuive;-'. {.) -jnard this heaven-l'avored lami ;: 
 
 couuti' 
 
 invoj.-e ' 
 iM'r.-t t 
 
 '•'•■on , couic! ■ iii;i'ee<', 
 :'!■ 'hnifr't ■•■! oiv 
 
 i\.iiv)\ wjnc'H 
 
 A :. t-,V\,"li :A 
 ■■■ ^' t'---: .'■ :. ,..• 
 
 ■ ' ' ■ : M. r ,1- 1:'. 
 
 ;■; : ■'■■•:/ ;.:r;. futni-; 
 ci' t.ie f'3i'er:on i:> 
 
 li'oni an unui--.' pubii'. policy.'' '-With a firm rliancc 
 
 juth of dut;, whi. 
 
 I,, 
 
 !/• 
 
 '. ',f Ih.^A'- 
 li- •".> w.ii.di 
 '.visd^ni of 
 
 r.;.'j;et'-i to 
 
 trimjs.—Channimji 
 ,s * A(ienl. — Biiif' 
 Trill- 'Policy of lh\' 
 (iiiiillon on Burr-t 
 -Bun's Futmlij-- 
 11/. — Dareznc's Ai-\ 
 fgvlck on Texas.'. 
 .'(.^,1 — Van Buren) 
 'uce and Disintercfi' 
 /. — Gaivev Jimuh 
 nray. — -Wis Ldti 
 > Oppressed Slave. 
 ;,.,;_ — On Extendiii 
 Vlrcima Negroes.- 
 the Mexicaus. — T/ii 
 
 le United States 
 erring Jackson, w 
 be found among il 
 cific authority, thi 
 
 ( iiinpotence to sustain anddi['>'''i iiini in th 
 p i;.ip-/ he stood tiicri^ to taice tlie o;:th, kVi-. 
 
 «") ' aliMt i> wi.rlti mviiIp Uir, if'ii-. not the jiUi.e, 
 'I'lirn' .iey mid tlirii' loriiii'iit— i!im" L'lory niirish'oiif. 
 
 •Mir. Polk thou'.;ht tlLat ih^' law.s shuuld be just ahd IVc- froia J.e-.i'.pc/ly, .-,• .,' il-..it there w.Vi 
 n iiir;!' wnmic in one man with a wliite ski^ , [ij-^essin;^ a life li-,;!';: oi' t'.ie Ir.bor ("f imny 
 lipili''-; of his fidjow ire;itin'''s whu'^e skins wi-re more or li'.':s ti'i'j'.di v»iih Mac',. — u-i ii.irin iii 
 in;' tlicni — ~ellii:i; them ■ e|iar;;tin;: the husband from thr wile, t:;c '.h-U V iVom the broth'i-r, 
 parcut from the rliil(i--lvi'e|Hni; tlieni in poverty, misfiy, and '■' jt'd i.L;!iMr.incc, and ;■•;;■ -rdy 
 ishiaL' him or her ulio v.oiilil venture to t"ach theni" to i',-:id in. i wi.Lc tkero. Vvas uo 
 np )ly ia ail that, ni'tliiic.: unjust- • >, n.ir in a'Dicrin^'^- 'Tr\. , ih- p-.ari'U'.ai;v' of a w^.'aker 
 aiilie, :dmply becausi^ that r:'pu^ 'ie .,.as weaker— and !ic iuv 'kcd the aid of Alini.'hty Goi 
 iiinlile hiinto jircsfrNc the ITuion. throu.'Ii the continuance o''t■ri^:do.■' •ipH'.ncf der.icTitic 
 li.e— and had a lirui reliance up >n the winlom of Omnip'tcn ■ : ) aid liini in having even" 
 i.lael; driven <ait of the n"w ad.liiion of th- " iitavcu-favu.ed lead " called Tc'cai:, and 
 ''•and a monopoly of the liave-trade upludd th.'re, which lie ■.vjisidcr.'t I'.'vy esriciUial " to 
 <afety and future ivac'','' Had tiie naltimnre Con\'ention iinniinated 15 .iija/i.iin Franlclin 
 cr when they pitched upon a pious Tennessee lawyer, h'> could nr.t liavo pcrfi'niicd hii 
 rivire in ehnracter. Wlien defencaiLr his friend Jacob Barker, in an iiiuictment for fraud, 
 amiii told the cotiit and jury that th'' L'lr.!, in his .i;ood pjovidcao, he 1 uatidicd over 
 b's trade andblc^.sed it ; .l.icoh's occuaption, thus especially sa!icii!ied, bein;r d":.'! ol'a VVall 
 t stockjobber ! I shoukl not fed at all surprised, il it wcrV? to tu.n out; that. Pienjar.iin, \vir-> 
 'fiine.<? i)ciuicd protests and messas-es for .lackson and Van Buren, tdiould prove to have 
 the author ol'ihis imitpie inaut,'ural of .Tami'S Kno.t Polk. It il-nounecs dcfauliois, avA 
 puted compiler has .sinci' prov^'d his sinceritv in the cau'c of f^v';ular a''couiiiants ly cu;- 
 1!," in tlie hi^<hi'.-l pecuniarv tru.t.-i the vry punctual il. J. ^Vali:cr, our defaiilting bank 
 dent, <'. VV. Lawienfc, with tin' aforesaidBenjannu and ; ueh lil..'. Jt is to be doubted 
 Ic^r he had "the wisdom ot' Omnipotence to sustain anl dir^'t him" in t!ic--e and some 
 aiis of his, done alter the fashion of (diaries 1., defender of the faith, &.c., &c. "Wh^n 
 t':' HI. se'zed ih" Danish licet, and liombarded Copenlia;;eii, tlie Cdi)it,d of hisf.iithful ally, 
 'C, his excuse for the robbery was, that the ilect, if lie did not "^cize it, niij.dit fall into the 
 s of France. Pri'sident Polk finds an argument for tlio annexation of Texas, in t!ds. that 
 slave States did not seizi; upon it to be used as a nesro pen, Eiiglar..i niii;lil intlucuceUie 
 lis todojis Mexico had done, crush slave-driving and slave-working there altogether I Being 
 If a native of Scotland, and Robert Dale Owen the aancxationi.st, an Ilnglr.hman, I be^ 
 ny humble strictures upon President Polk's piety and politic-, may be taiicn as a sort ot 
 '■ against the powerful harangues and steady votes of the Indiana philosopl;pr,.inlavorof 
 
 C^-f; 
 
 • -1 
 
 ■.-4' 
 
 ..-f 
 
 HI 
 
 =jiv. 
 
 ••'M.:... 
 
 ■•K 
 
 i 
 
 1 ■ 
 
 .'' ' 
 
 t. 
 
 
 \- 
 
 '. v,i LI 
 
BURR, BLENNEKHASSEXr, JaCKSON AND THE DONS. 
 
 Houston. By reference to the annexed correspondence, it will be seen that 
 Samuel Swartwout, who was an active canvasser for Jackson, in New Jersey, 
 as early as 1823, expended large sums in Texan lands, sent settlers there, kent 
 up a correspondence with Houston and the Texan malcontents, and with MsjOr 
 Neville, an old associate of Burr's, interested himself deeply in the Texan 
 trade, and was looked up to by young Blennerhasselt as a friend, and 
 the friend of his father. Swartwout's connection with Burr, Elennerhassett, 
 am' the attempt on Mexico, in 1805-ti, is matter of history. As an illus- 
 tration of the life and times of Van Buren, and showing what his course has 
 been, I have appended as a note,* a brief sketch of the origin and progress of 
 
 increasing the domain of human bondage and swflering in the South, as a means of decreasiri? 
 it in the Nortli — and wlio consoles " his eicellency" by the assurance that " Slavery, lik- 
 Monarchy, is a temporary evil, which will disappear when it becomes commercially unproli- 
 table !" or in other words, that Mr. Polk will discontinue selling his Tenncissee negroes whtr. 
 he can find no one to buy them from him ! ! The President's well-written message to Coc- 
 gress, when they met last, would be amusing, were it not a burlesque upt*n the great principle 
 of the Declaration of Independence, and a practical defiance of the cardinal doctrines of that 
 glorious manifesto, yet to be honored in more auspicious times. Am i too sanguine '! 
 
 I hear from youth, ' Man's prospects daily brighten : 
 Each files his fetters surely, silently ; 
 The Press illumines, and the gas enlightens ; 
 Th* glorioui' steamboat speeds across the sea : 
 AnolEer twenty years, and then — and then — 
 A sunbeam shall the lovely germ unfold.' 
 Oh ! I have waited thirty years in vain — 
 Enough, enough — the world ia all too old ! 
 
 BEnANCER. 
 
 • !n a Wtter to Governor Claiborne, of Louisiana, dated Nov. 12, 1800, General Jacksc: 
 Bays:—" Be on tlie ale:* keep a watchful eye upon our General [Wilkinson], and beware o: 
 an attack [on New Oi Icai.sj, as well from our u\mi country aa Spain. You have enemies with:: 
 your own city that may try to separate it from the Union. ^Ou know I never hazard Jd«; 
 without good ground. . . . He on the alert. Your government [Luuisianaj, 1 fear, is in daiigf. 
 I fear there are plans afoot inimical to tiie Union. ... I love my muiitrv and government , 
 HATE THE DONS : I WOULD LIKE TO SEE MEXICO REDUCED : but 1 «; 
 die in the last ditch before I would yield a foot to the Dons, or see the Union reduced." JN'e;, 
 .Jan. 3, Jefferson, who had perfect confidence in Wilkinson, wrote to him, with in.structio:.. 
 how to arrest Burr's movements, .ind added, " If everything from that place (Louisville);- 
 successfully arrested, 'there is nothing irom below tJiat is to he feared. Be a.ssured that 'IV: 
 nessee, ana particularly General Jackson, are faithful.' 
 
 General Jackson admits here his hatred cf the Spanish in Me.xicij, and Ids earnest desin'i 
 see it reduced. He retained the friendship of Burr to the day ol his deatli; was his gcim: 
 agent in Tennessee in 1800 and 1807, and received large sums of money from him for theu' 
 of that agency. Burr, when in Teimessee, was often at Jackson's, who introduced hiuu 
 mally at a ball in Nashville, the night before he .sailed with his recruits and boats fromi 
 mouth of the Cumberland River, when he took with him Stokely Hays, his ('Jack.son'.s): 
 phew. Wiien, months after, the press and the government had noticed Burr s course, the; 
 i>ut not sooner, did Jackson write to Claiborne, who.se suspicions he directed against H/ur 
 son, and not against Burr. That he had no wish to dismember this Union, 1 believe ; but aM 
 his being free from the knowledge of Burr's plans for invading Me.\ieo, 1 .see no rea.'-oii; 
 think that he was so. His anxiety to break up and dismember that Roman Catholic counir 
 appears to have continued U> the last hour of his life. It was Wilkinson's letter to .1: 
 ferson, Nov. 25th, that enabled him to comprehend Burr's designs, vi/., the severance ul u ; 
 Uni'^n by the Alleghany Mountains, and the conquest of Mexico. A committee in Tennes j 
 see, r\ which were W. B. Lewis, John Overton, R. C. Foster, Joliu Shelby, Th. Clailio:, 
 and k tenjnet io 18^ to take evidence and report on the natiue of Jackson's connection w; 
 BuA In General John Cotlee's letter to them, August 28, he says, that Buir was in Toiiiif- 
 see in 1805 and in.lHOC) — that he wrote afterwards that there would be war with Spain, 
 which case Jefferson was to give him the command of an expedition against Mexico— li: 
 Butt t 'nt $3,500 to Jackson, which, with «ther $500, were placed in his (Coffee's) harnli ; 
 bui i a id purchase six boats, and layin provisions. That suspicions afterwards arose thatij 
 wa« n^i neht, and in December, 1806, the balance was handed to Burr, in Tennessee— ttu 
 )>uil wa« chat^ by Jaakson with improper vi?ws, which he denied, and that then Jacktc | 
 
> THE DONS. 
 
 will be seen that 
 D, in New Jersey, 
 ettlers there, kent 
 s, and with Msjor 
 •ly in the Texan 
 as a friend, and 
 r, Eiennerhassett, 
 )ry. As an illus- 
 hat his course ha$ 
 in and progress of 
 
 a means of decreasin§ 
 ; that " Slavery, lik- 
 loinmercially unproti- 
 nnc*see ncgri)es wlicr. 
 ittt-n message to Cot. 
 on the great principlts 
 dinal doctrines ol'tliai 
 too sanguine 'J 
 
 NGER. 
 
 IHOfi, General Jacksc 
 liuKiin], and beware i; 
 uu have enemies withi: 
 w I never hazard idej; 
 iia], 1 lear, is in dange: 
 itrv and government:, 
 iDUCED ; but 1 w: 
 Union reduced." Ke: 
 him, with instructio:., 
 It place (Louisville)!- 
 Be assured that 'i\ 
 
 nd liis i-arnest desiri' 
 death ; was his gcmr: 
 y I'runi liim I'or tlieut 
 ho introduced himi^ 
 'uits and boats from i. 
 iiys, his fJackson's) 
 i-ed Burr s course, Ihe: 
 irectetl against llilhr 
 ion,l believe; buta>: 
 ieo, I sei.^ no reayoii; 
 Jinan Catholic count: 
 illvinson's letter tu !■. 
 /.., the severance ul'u 
 committee in Tt'iite 
 Sh<-lhy, 'I'h. ClaiUi,: 
 I'kson's connection w; 
 :it Buir was in Tcniif 
 be war with Spain. 
 1 against Mexico— li; i 
 his (Coffee's) hands.; 
 •fterwards arose thai J 
 irr, in Tennessee— it; j 
 ,auU that then Jack.<cj 
 
 MCDtFFIE ON DISSOLVING THK UNION. BURR AND JACKSON. 61 
 
 the dismemberment of a weak power, by the force and fraud of a strong one. 
 The truly ^'eat and good Dr. Channing, in his letter to Clay on Texas, appre- 
 hended that » s incorporation with the Union would prove a deep injury to these 
 
 gave him a letter to Gov. Claiborne, and sent his nephew with him. Judge Williams stated 
 to the committee, that in the spring or fall of IHOU, Jack.son spoke to him about a commis-siou 
 in Burr's army, adding, " When I recollect tliat the destruction of American institutions was 
 the object of the Burr conspiracy, and that General Jackson was in the pos.ses.sioH of facts 
 and circum.stances which would have convicted the conspirators, and yet improperly with- 
 held them when sunnnoned to Richmond to give his testimony," &f. lie also wrote to Jack.sou 
 as to what he had writt'-n, that while Burr or Adair, or both, were at Jackson's house, he (tlie 
 general) told him (Williams) and otiiers — "Take notice, gentlemen, you will liud tnat a 
 division of the United States has taken deep root ; you will lind that a nund)er of the Senate, 
 and a number of the members of the House oi' Representatives, are deeply involved in the 
 scheme." 
 
 How often, in the history of this country, do wo see anxious wishes expressed for a disso- 
 lution nf the Union ! Burr tried to dissolve il — the nn-n of thi- flast, whom Adams could not 
 be brought to act with, tried to dissolves it — the abolitionists of tiie East complain of it now 
 — and how often have Governor McDuliie and others of South (Jarolina sighed alter more 
 southern territory, as a means of ruling tlie Union, or splitting it up! In the South Caroli- 
 nian of Feb. 8, iSll, I fmd MeDuliie's speech in the Senate of the llitii of January, in whicli 
 he calculates the value of this great ami glorious confederacy of states by dollars and cents, 
 thus: — " Sir, ever since the tarilf of IN'JS, 1 have regarded the exporting, tiie slave states of 
 this Union, as being practically reduced to a state of ailonial vaxsala^e /<» t/i£ mamifacUuin<x 
 dnle.t. It i.% a niiuh mi'ir (ipprr.'isirr lifti/r of lri//ti/arij ilfpciulinrr th;mthi\.t\vliichuncohound\iH 
 to Great Britain. ... 1 can .solenndy dciiare, a-* a citi/en <>{' South Carolina, that in nearly 
 a quarter of a century i have never felt this ifovernment [t!i:it of tiic U. S.J but by its op- 
 pre>-<ii>ns." Governor .McDuliie, in IHll, hesitated imt to slate, in Senate, a project to 
 divide the United Slates into lluee confederations, and to i.'alculate by dollars and cents the 
 advantages of his .scheme. Like his friend Van Buren, he was a warm supiRiitcr of \\>ik 
 for President ; and so were J.'irkson, Calhoun, and others, wiui, like JVIcDulIie, considered the 
 bondage of the Iciihiapped AlVicaii the I'orner-.^tone of itemocratic, institutions. 
 
 In Gen. Jackson's letlcr to G. W. Campliell, Jan. 1.'), IfiOT, he stales, iliat on Nov. lOih, 
 
 l8tW, ("apt. — -calli'd al his lunise, ainl told him that t/ir inlvnitiiirrs intended to divide llie 
 
 Union, " by sfizin'.r -New Orleans ami the JJanlc. shullin^ the port, C(jn(piering Mcicico, ana 
 
 uniting th'- western jiarts oi'the Union to the conciuered conniry" — that , of N Y., hail 
 
 told him so— that knowini,' that Burr was well actpiainted with ,'• it rushed into his 
 
 mind like lightning that Burr was at the head" — that he wrote to Burr that he susptx'ted him, 
 and then to Governor Cjailioiiie, but withtmt warnimr him of Burr — that Burr denied the 
 charge ol' intciidini,' to s|)lii up the Union, but not a word is said as to iiuadiirg Me.vii'o. It 
 was atler this Ni)Vi'inl)t'r couvi'r -atioii ihnl .lai'k.soa was most iniin.'ule with Buir, introduced 
 him at Ihe ball, even alter .h'll'crson's ininlamatioii, and sent his nephew with him, who letl 
 him, as he tells the committee, ai iln- moulli ol' Bayou I'ierre. Willis Alston stated that Jel- 
 ferson had lold him that .lai'kson iiael wriitfU to him tiiat In.- '• had been tendered a high conr- 
 mand by Burr," and had tendered his s.Tvi'vs "TO MAKE A DKSCKNT Ui'UN MEXICO. ' 
 Is it not remarkable that Jackson, though in attend;, nee at Binr's trial beibre Judge Martiiiail, 
 was ikH examined J lie promi.ses Campbell, that ■ in a l<\v weeks ho would give the proof." 
 When did he do it ? 
 
 The true course for this republic, in its dealimrs with Mexico, would have been, to be gene- 
 rous and liberal to a people struggling for lieedoni, but without enough of intelligence to 
 s<'pure and maintain it in iiuieiness. The independence of Mexico was acknowledged at 
 Washington while slic was in the nddst of a revolution — and distracted with faction, harassed 
 by wars with Spain atel EiiUH'e, Uouhli'd with doiuesiic iwolts, some of them caused by 
 Americans, eni-ouraged. as I shall show, by oliirial men here : who could expect that the U. S. 
 commerce would nol sulli'r injuiy > The Sabine river, iVc., formed the wistern boundary of 
 the Union, as settled in IHID with Spain, and in l.S-J.S wilii Mexico— yet scan'ely was Jackson 
 seated in the chair of Washiniclon, than, in August, 1H-J!(, he olleieil Mexico live millions of 
 dollars for Texas, and again, in IKI.'), he ordered the otier to be I'cpeated. In iS'M, C'ongrcss 
 declared Texas independent, and in IHli'i, added that line province of Mexico to ilic Union, as 
 a new State, contlrming ami restoring perpetual slavery throughout a territory of 400,000 
 square miles, Irom which (Jatholic Mexico inid banished it 'Jl years before I 
 
 Mr. Adams, in his six'ech in Congress, April 15, lh4'2, speaking of the Mexican treaty of 
 
 1828, said : " I had myself, in the negotiation of our treaty with Spain, labored to get the Rio 
 
 del Norte as our boundary ; and 1 acUiered to the demand till Mr. Monroe and all liis cabinet 
 
 Idirected me to forego it, ana to ass«nt to take the Sabine, JJeJore t/ie treaty was sigwd, it teas 
 
 '^^. 
 
 
 4. 
 
 !, 
 
 (-■ ., 
 
 1 
 
 H 
 
I 
 
 
 63 
 
 AARON BUKK. PLAN TO SEIZE NEW OKLflANS. SWARTWOUT. 
 
 states. It will not stand alone, lie says, — it will involve us in European wars- 
 " It will darken our future history. It will be linked by an iron necessity to 
 long continued deeds of rapine and blooil. Ages may not see the catastrophe 
 of the tragedy, the fust scene of which we are so ready to enact. Of all pre- 
 
 ftirried hy vir, at th: commonff of Mr. Monroe, to (tvinrol Jn'l.so/i, who, after c.raviininv^ il vitk 
 the map in /li^ ham! . appnnri/ of t/o' Suhinr as thr tioHm/nrii.'' 
 
 Aaron Burr, who iniiiii)iato(i .laclv^Dii tor Pn'siili'iii in 1815, was the early friend of Van 
 Hinvn. ihi' friend of lii-< law teaeher, Van Mess, ilie i-onfederale of llie Swarlwowls, and ihe 
 Mppoiienl of Jelii'r-on, whom Alexander llaniilluii pn'l'.'rred, Ihonirli of a ditferenl s( houl in 
 I'olilii's, because, as lie stales in Ids ielii'i lo ( ». VVolcnti. uf J)ee. 17, IHOO, Hnrr was ' on." ot' 
 Ihe worst men in the coinniunity," who, as ])rt'si(lei)i, '' woidd he restrained hy no njoral seru- 
 ]ilps," l>ut would '• (Mn|iloy Ihe roL'Ues of all pariies \o ()\enide the wod men of all parlies, and 
 lo prosecute ohjeeis wlueh wise men of i'ver> description will disappKUi/' llamillon's 
 jiuli'iolism kept IJnir from the presidency — Burr cli:dlem;eil llamilloii, slut him thu)ni,'h the 
 heart, was indicted t()r the miir(ier, planned his Minthern scjiemes next, hecame odious iu tlie 
 north, ,'iomjht British jiid, failed )n his plans, and reinoved tiir foiu- years to Em'ope. Col. 
 l)n,Tne, in liie Aurora, IHllS, says that "Miranda w;is sent to America, ns was jiroved upon 
 oath, l>y Dundas and Sir Home Popi am. Bmi-'s ex]iedition, which was only a part of the 
 
 I'd in. was .set on fo(>l and j'aid hy ' I'riiain. Burr's pajjcrs 
 
 .tpher, AI. I,. Davis, who, in a leiscr to the Cotiricr and lln- 
 
 > , Mvin- KXCKl'TCOLONKL WILLIAMSON. OF THK 
 
 • • of the [Burr's] iirraniremcnts. hoiti in Kni^lrind and ilc 
 
 iiiiitl^' b- Hccomplish till' ohj'vt. Tlie death ol the Biilish jire- 
 
 .--cheme which Mirai -ens 
 
 «vnt .nto the hands oi ' < ! 
 
 ijiiir.-r, savs that •• IVo 
 
 I'.RITISH ARMV, knfc> 'ir 
 
 United States, which liaii 
 
 iiiier, I'itt, and it ahtne, (ictinied the ■ i ' )rise. 
 
 Aaron Burr's tr'-'indiMtiii'i' was a (ieinuu — his lather. !i Preshyterlnn minisiei, was horn iti 
 Fairtiehl, .New KiiLriand, and was the tir>l Piesjilcnt nf .New ,leise'> t'lille-ie, .New all;. II i 
 iiiotiier was a dau'.'liiei oi' l>i-. .lunaihan l-'.iiwaiMs, of I'rinceioa Cnlli'',!! . linif wa-^ liorn at 
 -Newark, X. .1., Feh. li. \1'il'). His faiher died when ho was a year old, and his mother ln-loiv 
 tie was ihii'e, h'aviiuc him lieir to a line e.^lale. lie marrii'd .Mis. I'revost, the widow tn' a 
 Hriti.-'h otiicei'. in iT^u", and ilieir old*, '•hild, Theodosia, niarrieil Air. Alston, of Sotilh ( 'aii.- 
 Iina. Burr uas called to the liar, at Alhany. in IT'S-.', was elected lo ihe slate leifislalute, 
 j)lanned the Alanhaiian Hank ehartcr. as a jierneiiial cpiiii.ict, and in ITitO uas aitoniey 
 j'l'iieral of the Slate, In ITIU he dcclaied liimself in he a warm admiicr of the lalents, phii) 
 (.I'jjoverninent, and disiuieresiidiie-s of the l''reiicii iN'atioiial Assenddy. 'I'he demorraiic 
 jiaity made him a sinalnr ol tlie ['nilcd Stales fur this stale, and a Judire of the Su:ireiiie 
 t'ouil. In IKIi, he \sas president of ihe foil vch! ion ol N. V. Stale In amend the (.'otriitution, 
 and iM^rame Vi<i' I'residiml ol' the Lnidn. with .Iclji'i'snii. J lis ajip-'aianee and manners .are 
 .-.lid lo have resemhied liinse of his jtiipil, \'an Buren. 
 
 Some (ifSwaiiwoiu's movements, as [\\i- airenl and cciiifcderale ol'limr, and as the -(iii,,., of 
 Texan land.<, when .lack.son'-^ eollecifi, aiv juiiiced in paires K! and Kl ni my Lives nl I lii\i 
 and Butler. In .iiid'^i' Marshall's |)relimin.ii\- ii]iiiiiiin. when on P.nir's iiial al liichmoiid, lu^ 
 «ays; — " The eonveisaiions of Air. Blennerhasseti eviiiee difpositiuns iinfrieijitlv lo the I'nioii, 
 and his wiiliinjs are uhvioiisly inlcmled in ilisatti-ci ilu- wtsiern jienple, :tnd to e.xcile in their 
 V.osoni,"! strontr prcjniiices aarainsl their Atlantic hreihren. Thai the ohjeeiol ihese \\riiiiu's 
 was to prepare the western slates liir a disniemherment, is apparent on ihe face of ihem, and 
 was treipiently avowed hy lumself. In eonver.sation with the Afessrs. ] lejuieison, lie laid 
 open a plan tiir dismembeiiiu; die Union, under the auspices of Air, P.urr.'' Cieneral Wilkin- 
 son .swore, that, on the Sih ol (Jcloher. IHiKI, S. Swartwoiit hiid called at his lieadquarter.s at 
 Natchilix-hes, Miih a packet from Bnrr, .siatinu: thai 7dOO men were to be levied to seize New 
 Orleans and invade Atexico, and that '-naval prolcdion wcntld be bad from (ireat liritain," 
 Ihe power which liied, ei;,dit years afterwards, to seize that city, but \reie luel by J;ick-,sou, 
 • 'ort'ee. Adair, l)ave/ac. and Burr's oilier old I'riends, and defeated, ( 'ol. ('ushiii!/ testiheil 
 '.hat Wilkiiisun had shown him IJurr's leittMs next nioiniii.f/, and they Mere produced m court. 
 < 'ushiiif^ added thai Wilkinson liirlher said, " ^'es, my friend, a trreat iiiimhei of imlividuals, 
 DiiSsessiiiL': wealth, popularity, and ta'.enls. are ai this monienl associated i'oi- purposes inimicil 
 ,ii the govoriimeiit of the I'niled Slates, (.IoIoik'I Bun is at iheir head, and th.' soun.>.'{,'eiitlen)an 
 [cx-colieetor Swarlwoul] who delivered you the lelter last evening,', is one of his emissaiies. 
 The .story of .servintf as a voliuiteer is only a mask." (.ieneral Dayton's letter to Wilkinson 
 ■raid, " Are you ready — are your numerous as.sociates ready ? "Wealth and Cilory — Louisiaim 
 and Alexico." Jt would njjpear that l^avezae. was also Burr's friend in those times. Burr, on 
 the trial at Richmond, asks Wilkinson, whetiier lie liad given order.s for Davezac's arre.st — 
 and Avhal letters directed to him, Burr, he, W., had taken from Pintard and Davezac 1 When 
 ) ;, 'iimby what authority lie had seized private papers, liis reply was, "Am 1 bound to 
 
 uitbwer liuesiions v/inch may criminate myself 'i' Augujste JJavezac is now on a I'oreigu 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 il 
 
 cipitate an 
 
 of misery. 
 
 " We ar 
 
 encroachm 
 
 mission ; he 
 jackstm al 
 ■iiconit Secret 
 General J> 
 American, " 
 <;t'Ueral eoiis] 
 l).iyu)ii who, 
 in ( 'on^'ivss, 
 in New Vor 
 s<'rainblel'or 
 ol a pr.'sidei 
 butler's live; 
 sion, VVa-s 
 otijcj of the ( 
 •Ji;f,)oneofil 
 ill die roman 
 •The seiili 
 Post,) " bi'sjii 
 (if iht; ercai 
 sciilers of T 
 P.'otesiants, i 
 iiiu-*i have 1 
 as ihai uiide 
 111 Russia, at 
 Lausc denied 
 ventioii to Ira 
 one Bns?lisliii 
 slave states, 
 you that I e, 
 yet ihe case." 
 Dr. Chaun 
 Texas was n 
 Aniiu prisont 
 from lliis Un 
 the foremost 
 ihese fair la 
 i, .(, al the mi 
 five piini'iph 
 as such into 
 be subiecl to 
 acts ot ihe j; 
 j;rit'f and bu 
 i.sation, refu: 
 social evils, 
 of this count 
 tares for Ion 
 State Le^^isl 
 annulled, ar 
 This .sealed, 
 a purpose ii 
 closed af?aii 
 known that 
 new market 
 to tlie slave! 
 are, they lo 
 republic;, th 
 a tree popu 
 and unques 
 I have n< 
 timoit selei 
 
VOUT. 
 
 ropean wars. 
 
 npcessiiy to 
 
 J catastrophe 
 
 Of all pre- 
 
 i7ninit}<r il intA 
 
 fiirnd ol' Van 
 woiils, aiul Ur' 
 ii'iil s( tinol in 
 r \\;is " one oi' 
 no mural scni- 
 :ill |i;iiiic'<. auit 
 llaiiiilion's 
 111 tliiDiiirh the 
 ' Diliotis in Ilic 
 Hiiropc. <',i|. 
 
 S JIl'OVTli ll)10ll 
 
 y a pan of ili.. 
 
 Bull's |)ii])cis 
 
 iiri'.'i- and i;i!- 
 
 .jian.l and ih- 
 H' Hiiiish jiic- 
 
 , was horn m 
 ^«'\\iiil,-. Ill 
 w;'- liirin at 
 inothii- j.('(i)it> 
 
 ■ w idciw (I! a 
 I Sdui'i « "ait.- 
 iir Jt'!.'i--lati(rc, 
 
 u^is aiidMii-v 
 I' liilci.r'i, [,1.111 
 It' dfinoi laiit; 
 
 ' lIlC NlljHt'lIK' 
 
 '< "tiJi'iituticii^ 
 uianiu'r.'i aie 
 
 ■5 ilif sciini m' 
 -ivis vi i l<i\t 
 Uii'liiiiDi.d, Jie 
 H' till- I'nion, 
 >><'iii- ill ilii'ir 
 ln'M- wriiiiiis 
 <'• iIh'111, and 
 ••'*"n, lie |i,i(( 
 '•ral Wiikin- 
 xlquarters at 
 " M'i/c Now 
 vai Jiriiaiii," 
 
 l>y Jac)c.s<ii), 
 I in? losii/ied' 
 •■I'd in court. 
 
 iiidividiialv, 
 '•■•'s inimicil 
 I'C'oiitletiian 
 
 ■ ''iiiis.s.nif.s. 
 ' W'illiiiison 
 — Loiii.siann 
 'i. Burr, on 
 ic's aiTP.st — 
 10 'I When 
 
 I bound tu 
 •n a Ibreigu 
 
 i 
 
 TUB DAYTONS. SLDUWICK. CUA.VNINU. TUXAN aVARICI:. 
 
 G3 
 
 I 
 
 5 J 
 
 cipitate and criminal deeds, those porpetrated by nations arc the niosl fruitful 
 of misery." 
 
 " We are a rosllf.s.s people, [continue.s thi.s eminent philosopher,] prone to 
 encroachment, impatient of the ordinary law.s of proiTc^s, less anxious to con- 
 
 missUiii; hf is coiim;;i>oiis; inimlral to Kns,'lan,l; init' loVan RiinTi. ]J>< wa-^ an aid to 
 Jarkson at Ncv Ork-an^ — Ids sister inariii'd Kdward l.i\ iii'/~ujii, oi LoidMana, .iafl.-;un' . 
 •i/ainil St'creiaiA olSiaK'. 
 
 Gt'iieral Jonailiaii l>ayioii, (»(' .N't-w .Ifrst-y. wa-. iiuliciisl lur in ;i •.•(!, aud, sav; ili;* Baliiiiior,' 
 Aint'rii'aii, " Tli'" Aiionu-y loi' the I'niicd Sian--. had noii.niM iliai l^aMon ua-. Ii-.tt!ucd in U.- 
 (^I'Ufriil <"onspiracy ;" l>ui on tin* I «li ol .Si'i.it'iiiliiT. 1^07, L>a\i(Mi \\a- ili-.ciiai'/i li (Is ilii-. ilu- 
 i).iyioii who, ill 17h7. aided in iVainiiiL; ihc li. S. cniistiiuiuni, and wa-. .S|»'aUi-t .>rTti." !l ol ll. 
 ill Con^'irss, furl',)!!!' years !J On llir Isi ol'.^^fiiie.iilu'r, li^.M. uc lind a Jaii.s.jii im'-'iiic- li'id 
 in New York — t'ol. Swailwoni, rhaliinan. Aamn ();/,ii'M Daviou, -a-ci. mi',. \\ h.ihfi "tin* 
 wraiiililf'l'or plund.'i" di'S'Milii'.l by Swaitwoiu lo ilo\i, icali/ri ifii'ap(iii-lu'n->ion:-,iir llaniilior., 
 (d a pri'sidi'iil who would •■(•in|iloy tlif ro;,'iiPs oi' all pariii'>. ihi' i> adi !■ ot \ an liini'ii V jiiu 
 Uutlfi's livi's iiinsi jiidu;i' lor liiiiisidt', Swariwoni, anil otli(i>. ■•'■em lo iia/f had liiai a|i|>ithtn- 
 ^ion. VVii.s tliL' Franli (.►fjdiii, wliosn a()p.<iii!!nt'ni lo liic r>Jil,iKiil a 3t'<ir, or at l.'.'isi voiy [x ii 
 dtiii'; of the tJonsulalo Ui Livi'rpool, drovi- poor C'liddintrton lo liic vi'iy vi'i'i.'.' of rt'Voii. (sec j.Hi."' 
 •Ji;{,)ouL'ot'lht'sc .Nfw-JiU'si'v ( ►'.,' Ii'iis, whose nam ■> wi-ie a'-soi'iaied wilh J-imi's aiiii .lui'l. -"ii • 
 ill die roiiianiie adveiiuires ol lHOti-7 : 
 
 •' 'I'lit! seliieiiieiii ol 'I'exas, ' says Theoilore Sedi^'uick, (as X'eii, in dw .\i\\-'i mk lv,i ain;: 
 Post,) '' lH'<?an in land s|i'cnlaiioii ; ii was niaikrd in in i i.ir.si- |iv alioininaiMi' frauds, an. I urn' 
 ot' the 'JiffM causes ol' iiisNaiisluciidn \»'a.s ih • ahsojnu- prohiidiion id ii'i^ro <l;iM'r\'. The tiisi 
 s.'tilers of Texas, I'or llic in. -re lo\f o; u:ain, abandiUi'-d a tie.- ri'|)iil)li'' f)r a c.;liniai (ie>iiin. 
 PiMtesianls, they iranst'encd ilieni.M l\i'< Ui eaiiiolie ruf-. Tlie 'I'ey.-.nv [I'ro-.n lie' I'tiitea Si: ;• -J 
 niii-^l have lieen insaii". il. mi i !ii.'j'ini,' .M.'Aie i, ijiev luil»(ii for an admiiii>tvaii..i' . ■; I'.iiiides'- 
 a^ dial under wliieh ihe\ h:ii li\ ■', 'I'lj,-', iniyiit wiiii eiin.il n ;;■•;; (..■■.■.e plaui .ii,i-i vi . . ■- 
 III Kussia, and then havi' uiii'inli'ii lU' Ii.'hiiut ol inif peml'Mn- ne.u Uu- ;l;;un' •■! i •■ I . in 
 i.au>-e denied the iniiiiuniiies of their native land.' Tin- Lmun i/i'.c. .in aeiuimi of i. i iin 
 venlioii to liame a ('oiisiiiiition lor 'I'exa-., eunsisiiii:' ol one Te.san, thie.; .%■ , -'."ujiiaiiuei , 
 one Kni^lishnian, tliree from Ohio and l*eiinsyl'.'aiiia, am! all the uihi r- (^tiiu -f. urj iroiii lli' 
 slave stales, ^'annin wrote from the Alami', ju--t heioie n .a|tiui'' !n iiu l.i.-i, I uiloiiii' d 
 you that I could l:nd fui Miine hall aiU,/en eiii/eiis m mv ianl. ■■ .ii.d 1 himiI Iv ly ih:ii a i •. 
 yel the c;ise. " 
 
 Dr. l;tlanllin^^ in his hMier on Texas, addievo,.,!^ ju |,s;> (,, H'-niv «.'la\, ilv ninaii.'. ihi.i 
 Texas was not > "iKnieied hv iis rolunisis -diat in ilie aiinv > i <i!..'ii i'Uiiii, whu took ^■allUl 
 Anna prisoner, imt niiir-' ilian titiv were eiii/.ens of Texa- ihe lesi wee selli-h jitUeniiircis 
 I'r.tiu this Union. That land speiiiiatois, slavi- lioldi is, and siicii nun as these, u ere r.nioii!' 
 the fore iiiosi to proidaiin independenee ; and thai \ anker speiviUiiiis in;i.iou(ed ^lavei\ in 
 tlie.se fair lands, from which ine eiiunir\ un n i>t' i.'iiiie.-. and I'l/ano had e.^pi IK-U ii. Aii..\ 
 i.o, at the luoiin-nl of thruuiii;^ otf the Spanish y.'ke, ;.;a\e a m-oii le^iinionv id' her loyalu to 
 free piini'iples, hv dei re.dn:;, 'ihal tm p-i>.io iherealier .sli..idd Iv- ij.irn a slave, i.r inlr(.diiee<l 
 as siiidi into the Mexican stales; ihai all slaves then held, shuuln receive .-npul.iied \\a'j:i..^>, ar.d 
 be suhieoi to no piini>.iiinent Inn (>ii trial and judirineni fv ihe ina.'ji-tri'ite. The sul).«ei|uent 
 ael.s ot ihe government carried out fully ihe.sp ('onstiiniional )irovi>ions. It i.s mailer (}(' deep 
 j(rief anil humiliation, thai the emit^ranis from this counuy, whilst Ixiasiins^ ol' superior civil- 
 i.sation, refitsed to second this hoiiorahle jiolicy. intended in set limits to one of the greatest 
 social evils. Slaves were hrouf^hi into Texas, with liieir masters, troin the neii^hlHirintj siali's 
 of thi.s couulry. One nnxle of ovadins,' the laws was, to ijuroducc shu-es under lonntil iiulen- 
 tures for long periods — in .some cases, it is said, for ninety-nine \ ears. Kv a decree of tho 
 State Lejjislalure of Coahuila and Texas, all indentures fur a lunL'i'r perioil tiian ten years were 
 aiuiuileil, and jirovisioii was made for the freedom of childien horn (Uiriiii' tiiis a])prenticeship. 
 This .sealed, invincihle purpose of Mexico to exelndr shiMis liom lur liiniis. cieaied as .strong 
 a purpose to annihilate her .luthorily in Teva^. Hv tJds pinlol.aion, Texas w;;.s t-iieciuailv' 
 rlosed against emigration Irum the souiliernain! wesiein noiiioiistit ihi . counuy : and ii i.'^ v\X'il 
 known that the eyes of the south and west liad lor some tune been tinned u.i this pro', inc. % a'J a 
 new market for slaves, as a new Held for slave-laUa', and as a vast accession of political junwr 
 to iJie slaveholding states. 'I'hat such views were prevalent, we know ; for, neiarious a.s ihey 
 are, they found their way into the public prints. The project of liismeinhering a neighljoritig 
 republic, that slaveholders and slaves might overspread a region which hau been consecrated to 
 a free population, was discussed in ne\v.spapers as coolly as if it were a matter of obvious riglit. 
 and unquestionable humanity." 
 
 I have never hesitated to lielieve, that Van Burcn, in his Texas letter, written before the Bal- 
 timoit selection, was as little impelled by manly principle as 1 iiave shown jiim to have beeu 
 
 ■ i'.: 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 f 
 
 a- 
 
; "i\ 
 
 I 
 
 1? .' 
 
 "51 • 
 I- 
 
 in' 
 
 ii;- 
 
 
 I 
 
 64 VAN BUREN AND JACKSON'S MEXICAN POLICY. CALHOUN's PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 soliilato and perfect, than to extend our institutionii, more ambitious of spreading 
 ourselves over :i wide space, than of diH'using beauty and fruittulness over a 
 narrow field. We boasl of our rapid growth, lorgetting that, throughout nature, 
 noble growths are slow. Our people throw themselves beyond the bounds of 
 
 ill otiicr iiiipovrant acts of his lif.'. On ihu iGth of October, 18"29, when Secretary to Jackson, 
 lif> midrcssed a km? loiter to AiithoDy Bmler, tlie United States Chargfe in Mexico, containing 
 ill" i'lTsidi'iu s inuiu'iiini'- III iiim as tiie su('ci'>>ur ot'Poiii'^eit. Van Buren describes the con- 
 duct 1)1 Mexico as 111111 ieiudy and uiideserved, and hoj)es she will become sensible of the injus- 
 tice sli" has <ltiiie It) this cmiiitry. " her earliest ami best liieiid." lie says that Jackson thought 
 tiiai ilie iriic interests oltijis Cniun Muiild be better jiroinuted by Mexican jjlory and prosperity, 
 tiinii by lier de[iressi(m and disgrace — that the In ariiiLC of Jackson's i^uvernment had been " lil>e- 
 lal and inai^iiai.inuni-." i.jv.aids the Mcxicyiis, '' while many of their citizens, voluntary exiles 
 ill tlie i^ius.' nf American libi rtv, foii;,'lii hv ilie side uf their Mexican Iricnds, TO EXPKL 
 FROM Tills Cu.N'lKMlN'i' THi: LAS'l' Hl^lMNANTS OF COLONIAL OPPKES- 
 8I(1.\ — that every sic|i tHl%ra since, by the llnilcd Stales, has been marked by " benevolence 
 and disintcrestediii-ss'' — but that the Mexican iroverniiu'iii had been guilty ot "political per- 
 \-erseiiess and inaltfiiiion,"' and ot " iicrseverini; injustice.'' This benevolence of Jackson and 
 Van IJiiren had been eviiienecd in Swartwout, Houston, Poinsett, aiul others, stirring up strile 
 in iMcxieo; and bv askin;? Mexico to sell si mie 400,000 scjuaie miles of her territory for the 
 u^e ol" III'' sla\c-h(iMiTs, bccansc she \va- ]>tior — and this, ido, for a pecuniary considei ation i 
 Van Buren tells Moxii o ihat slie is "shut oiii from almost all eoinmiinicaiion with the sea- 
 Ixiard," and then eomplaiiis uf ilie '^ a/'iriirc rdtimpf^ to in'i^'dtiate with" her — the main object of 
 the iiei^'oiialion hcinir lu diprive her of the very ilomain uhich communicates witli the sea, by 
 hectoriii'j-, biiliyiii'/. and menacinir lier. Dr. Mayo's coniinents on Van Buren, in his "Eight 
 Years in \\ ;isiiin;.'i(in," touch this Mire point sl<iifully. "The idea of military invasion of the 
 Afc.vican territory Inu: nevci cniered intii liic iniairination of ihe I'nilcd Slates, nor, is it believed, 
 (if any oiieoi'lhcir ci!i/eii>." Ibiw hiii': atb'r liiat was it In the lime when Jackson and his party 
 <ii-(lr]'c(| Cti'ii. (laincs 111 iiivadr .Mvxiciij in ihe midst of ])cace, and ilie General addressed the 
 ex-minister, PoJii-.cii : " li I am iiermiiied tn make an ai laiiuement in accordance with the fore- 
 L'.'!!!" surrtr-'sri'in'-. I ferl cniiiiiieu! thai I can tliereliv olilain, and call to the trontier, READY 
 FOR A.N AC riVI': CAMl'AKi.N TO Tlli': (JITV OF MKXlCO, from lifly to one hundred 
 iluui^ai'il (ir I i.iic nn-i. fir uie ninvt jiart inoimted, IxMiiie tiie lirst day ol'October next, the time 
 they 5:11011 d inaich v.i'tvarii from the .^aliiiie T' One would ihink that Van Buren believed 
 lie had in hniid a ^ecl,nll ediiioii of the Peter Allen ca-<e, of IHKi, in which his confede- 
 rates in the letri-^latiire, vnieil in ihr a|ipointiiiLr pi'wer of the siate, by a false majority of one, 
 knowing: il to U" so; and ihcn, \\ the \ iiliic of iheir oaths, placed this majority of one into the 
 hands of iheli' deiVamied i.jinonini'.. The lio--iile mo\i'mciiis of savaue tribes was ^'iven as oiie 
 reason f'l' ihe " lieiievt'li i.i aiid disinleresicd' invasion by tiaines. And who set on these 
 tribes ? What ( iovcri or i fTeniiessce was it thai Icli his wife and while lamily, to marry the 
 dancht' r ol'aii iih.Kii < 'hii f. iIim aid ihe rohcs olCiv ilivalion, uirn savasre, and l)e ready, when 
 the iev( It was )n;iinid, III head the adveiiiiniis shi|i|Kil fiuin iSew-Voik and New-Orleans, 
 and w ho eomiinsed the (•''/'»• ortlic army oCTcxas'; 
 
 1 have been a warm aiiiniit i ol John ( '. (.'alhoiiii. ] lis su)ieiior powers of intellect, great 
 experiencp, and ical libeia.litv in many resj.ects, ^rave trionnd lor I'nod hope that, as Secretary 
 of Si'jie to Jolin 'J'vler, he wonid prove that he had a iiohle soul by some honest and able 
 stroke of strleHnanshi). — and 'I'exas to the Union, but Tint as a slave mart, nor liy insulting 
 Alexieo — and e.vhiliit a Icelin'.r in favor of the (ij)pre-sed classes of society, whether white or 
 black. Mr. ('alhonn had liiiioneend and aim in aecepiinif a seat in the cabinet — the defence 
 of the ne?ro-ciiivi'r's whij), and iiureasin'j: to the L'reatest jiossible extent the market for those 
 who raise slaves I'or i-ale. as we noifherneis raise black- cattle. ]Nullilication in 183si might 
 plead as a delenee an op))ie.-sive taxation or an imeijual taiiti' but Ualhoun's statesman.ship, 
 in IHj 4, exiiihite'l a far worse sort of nnllilicalion, the mi^'ht of the executive of the Union 
 stretched to its verv utnio^t to stieiurlhen anil cohsolidate ihi; combined slave owners of the 
 smith as TirR I einianeiit and omn poieni c'einent ol strenirlh, the great ruling jiower on this 
 continemT with the lnvedln'/, tranin;.'' and working of human beini'-s, as if theyM'ere property, 
 ehnttels, horse-, as^ps, mnle-; or oven, beasts of buitlien. When 1 lead Calhoun's letter to 
 King at Paris, wheie he tells him that the P.rili^li jieople had paid a hundred millions of dol- 
 lars to eompen- ate sln\e owneis in the West Indies for ficeing their slaves — paid other filty 
 millions extra for susrar, tie pioifuft ol' free labor — jiaid another hundred millions towards the 
 sujipression of the detesi;U^le system of kiilnapping and selling heathen Africans to Christian 
 ■irccircrs, and that their cajiital, vested in tropical pos.se.ssions, was at the brink of ruin, through 
 these stupcndons exeitions towards bringing about that millenium of justice and universal 
 kindness foretold in the Bible — when J .^a w him sit down to calculate the gains of his system 
 of coercion, and try to excite ill feelings towards England in the uiindis of tiie French, topr<H 
 
 i 
 
 civilisation, 
 under the imi 
 Perhaps theri 
 so loosely. 
 
 phecy that unfo 
 
 hiiiiine-is and " 
 
 treated cruelly, 
 
 t.intly gave him 
 
 alre;idv,ciiale-.e( 
 
 was.h'i'lii-tgivi 
 
 iH'.^t, Uiat it wo 
 
 lu irv ti) le.'ovei 
 
 ashiiine.l ol' thi 
 
 ill t'.ie hands of 
 
 Jctfer-oii iiad !• 
 
 cathiiiie MMaI 
 
 iiiaii catliiilie, i 
 
 ling 10 enoriiioi 
 
 I'lie Llx-tjovi 
 
 lile ligiire in M 
 
 i:io declaration 
 
 .ihiinsi all froi 
 
 aniiy that foic. 
 
 jiiiris of the III 
 
 vide, men, arm 
 
 |ioiui aimed at 
 
 jiovere iirn in or 
 
 piv-islv said ill 
 
 AND bi:lii;\ 
 I'NU'r;!) sr. 
 
 HLYPURSIJJ 
 I'llAl'lONS I 
 
 Wiiat a com 
 !i,- Texas, an 1 
 iiicai of the eit 
 I- lasidere I, for 
 ■ I'ae citizens 
 linn, jierhaps, ( 
 li.U to aniie.v i 
 the sinithern st 
 [tlie U.S.J us| 
 liimian family 
 tiie t'oriner des 
 
 I am no aim 
 encourage doii 
 iniliei — but I 
 monopoly iiiai 
 ' In the'Virgi 
 
 SjU'Ci'll of I'Ull: 
 
 would raise tli 
 Gholsin also 
 tweuly-live pe 
 which wa.s \)i 
 would rai.se tl 
 Calhoun is 
 one?, and niij; 
 Texan diplou 
 political, and 
 go b-jforc the 
 Ush envoy, in 
 
 CALL.KD SL.Wl 
 PROSPERITY O 
 
 that the bond 
 the policy, ih 
 
m 
 
 PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 >us of spreading 
 itfulness over a 
 >ughout nature, 
 ttie bounds of 
 
 :retary to Jackson, 
 lexico, containing 
 describes the con- 
 isible ol'tlie injus- 
 u Jaciison thought 
 ly and prosperity, 
 It had been " liljf- 
 voluniary exiles 
 lids, lo EXPKL 
 NiAL OPPKES- 
 by " benevolence 
 ot " political per- 
 e of Jackson anil 
 stirring up strife 
 T teirituiy for the 
 ly consirtei aiion j 
 uion with the sca- 
 the main object of 
 s witii the sea, by 
 en, in his "Eight 
 ly invasion of the 
 nor, is it believed, 
 kson ami his party 
 ■ral addressed the 
 nice with the fore- 
 frontier, HEADY 
 fly Ki one Jiundied 
 >ber next, the time 
 II Hurtn believed 
 liiih his confede- 
 ■ majority of one, 
 y iif one into llie 
 was j,'iven as one 
 i^ho set (in these 
 iiily, t(i marry the 
 i be ready, when 
 lid jNew-Oi leans, 
 
 iif intellect, great 
 hat, ;is Secretary 
 honest and able 
 nor by insulting 
 uhether white or 
 net— the defence 
 iiinrket for those 
 n in 183ii might 
 s statesmanship, 
 ve ol the Union 
 .e owners of the 
 14,' power on this 
 •y ^^ eie property, 
 Ihoun's letter to 
 millions of dol- 
 -paid other fifty 
 ions towards the 
 xns to Christian 
 of ruin, through 
 e and universal 
 ns of his system 
 French, to pro. 
 
 WHEN SHALL, THR FLAG OP THE FREE WAVE OVER TEXAS ? 
 
 65 
 
 civilisation, and expose themselves to relapses into a senni-barbarous state, 
 under the impulse of wild ima^rination, and for the name of great possessions. 
 Perhaps there is no people on earth, on whom the ties of local attachment sit 
 so loosely. Even the wandering tribes of Scythia are bound to one spot, the 
 
 pliecy that unforgiving,' hate and deadly reven^'e would be the inevitable result of a system of 
 hindiiess and coiiipassion towanls tliose wlmin, diirintr eighteen eentmies, wliite men have 
 tri'ate.l cruelly, and trilk of rlieap staples :^'aineil by Hiii;:,miil,' work (••it of 'ioil's ereatures, I reliic- 
 taiuly s-i^'"' liiiiiup, asl had L,'iveii up Vau liiiicii. will: vvhoiu he may yei a;;aiu, as he iiasiwiire 
 alnM'(ly,i'oale-.ie. In his leiier lo WiiMiii Shaiiiiun, his invoy-HX Tit AOK 1)1 \AIIV, as he surely 
 was, 111' fir-t 1,'ivesas a i'Msdh loi- aiiiicxiiiif'l'evas, that Mexico was not ti yiiiij to reeover it — and 
 iicxi, lliat it would lie alto'.i;eliiei- nicl ii/iriip,i'<, and (piite oireii^i\t' lu 'liis Union, wcie Mc.vii o 
 I'lliv to re.'over 'i'evas while aniiexaliou was pfiidiiiij ! ('allioim was the hist who iiiai'.e me 
 asjiaiiu'l ol the part 1 iiad talceii in Canada. I had ciideavoreil, as it seemed, to plaec (Janada 
 III till' haul-- of liie slaveholijer, in order that no phu'e of ielii'-,'e miifht remain in ihe h-tnd of 
 .li ill-; -iiii an. I l''iaiikliii, for an opjiresse.! race, on this side tlie grave — and this, too, wliilu 
 iMiai/iie .\11!XI('<> and prote^lalll Hiilain — the mell'.odist, liapiisi, episiropaliaii, ipiaker, llo- 
 iii.iii i-athoiie, inile|)eiidenl and piesbyieriau of England and Ireland were cheerfully sulnnii- 
 iiu'.,' lo eiionnoii-; laxalion and '^ri'ai piivatimis t,o raise the AlVieaii in the scale of civilisation ! 
 I'iie lv\'-ljiivenior of frc ( »iiio. Hi, |'.\crili'iicy Wilson Sliaiiiioii, lo wit, cut a most deplora- 
 l)!i' li^'ine in Mexico, Seiior llejon, the Mexican niinisier, told him, Oe'. '.ii, INIJ, that "in 
 rm declaration and act of in(ie|)endeni'e uf Texas, those who liguicd as the Kadcis were 
 almost all from tlie United Slates, as were also the general and others who composed tin; 
 ai'iiiy thai fought undec the .standard oi' Tevas in the battle of San Jacinto; and in many 
 priris of tlie llniied States meeiiii,'s wei-e hclil pulilicly to proviile, and they ijiii tietaally pro- 
 vide, men, iirms. ainmuiiilion. ;ind oiher warlike stores. It lias since cli'aiiy appeared thai the 
 p.iju! aime.l at \^as ;o ^cp.iraii' thai rich an.l e\ten.-i\e leiritoiy I'lom the jx/uer ol' its legitimate 
 .sii\'ci'ei;rii in or.lec to annex it to ilie IJiiiied Stains; a inea^iiic ol' pollc\ which, as it is ex- 
 pre.sjvsaid in ilie note of his flxcelhiev Mr. Shtiiiiio.i, ' HAS i;i:i':.N LO.N'ti (M ll'lltlSliKD, 
 AND Bi:LIKVc:[) LNDIsi'i;.NSAl'.LK I'l >l!, TIIH SAril'I'V AND NVKLFAIIK OK TI IK 
 
 cxii'r:!) si'A ri;s, a.'vd which, I'oit riii'.sK ui'.aso.ns, has ukkn i.wauia- 
 
 1{LVPURSII|.;|) I'.y AI.M'AI'.'I'JKSol' I'll AT lil'.PUIiLK ^ AND HV ALL ADMIMS- 
 fRATlONS Foil I'm: LASl' TWE.N IV VKAUS.' ' 
 
 Wiiat a conic-sion ! IK);.n it not show, aske.l llcjoii, '• that the dcdaialion of independence 
 !i,' Texas, an 1 the deiicmd of its iiiinextilion to the rnited Stales, tu'e llie work of the govern- 
 iiicai of the citi/iMis ol the l;il!ei', beiie^ iiitciesfd in iiiai>iiig this accpiisiiiai, whicli they have 
 I- lasi lere I, for the last twenty \ears, indispensable for Ihe stil.'tv and weliaie ol' their republic v" 
 ' I'lie citi.iens ol' llie I'niicl States who |iidclaimei| the anncxtition of 'I'exas, with the excep- 
 tion, perhaps, of the I'u -t colonists, went theie, not to remtiin siiliject to the Mexican Republic, 
 li U to anne.x it to tlcii' conntiy ; siienglheniii'.;-, by llie-e means, the peculiar iiisiitntions of 
 the sotitheiii stales, an I opening ;i in.-w field lor ihe execralil'- sy.slein of iiei'-,o slavery." " If 
 [t!ie IJ. S.J a^;pires to find more lai^d to slain with the sla\ciy(i|'an imln kv liituicli of the 
 111 I man family, [Mexico] :.lii\c;, by iireserviii'.^ u hat is it.; uwii, I'l diminish i!ie aliment which 
 llie I'orincr desiie.-, t'oi so detestable a liatfic." 
 
 I am no aliolitiuiiisi — that is, ( Would not compel, oi nllempt to c(jerre states ot nations who 
 cii'Muiagi' domestic slavery, to change their polev -though I might reason with tlieia if pcr- 
 iiiiliei — hut 1 cannot t'orego the pleasure ol condemninir the avarice which seeks 'I'e.xas ;e; a 
 munopoly inaikel for the slave; her planleis bn'cd for liallic. Henjainin i..uiuly tells us, that 
 ' III the Viiginia (.-'oiueulion of 1H-J:t, .Uulgi* llpshiii. of tin' Superior ( 'ourt, obseived in ;i 
 spcci'li of cun.sidcialile length, lh:il if 'I'evas should be ohiained, uliicli In- strongly desired, it 
 would raise the price of r-lavc;, and b ■ a great advantage to the slaveholders in that state. Ali'. 
 (JlKilsin ulsu sttiteil, in the Viii^inia Assembly, in Ihe year lK\-i, that the priei' of slaves fell 
 twenty-live per cent, within two hours alb'r the iww-., w;is iec-ci\ei| of the noii-ini]iortalion ;:ct 
 which was passed by the |ef;is|alui'e of Loui -iana. \'el he liclievcil the ;ic(]iiisitiiin of Texas 
 Wiiuld rai.se their price lifiy per cent, a! least." 
 
 Calhoun is fiank — he has nothing tif the t'ov or weas-1 in him, as he said of Van l>iircn 
 ouc, and might have aided of Hiiiler also. I like him fn' that. Instead of ttdving Murphv, our 
 Te.xau diplomatist's hint, not lo '• oifend our I'analiciil lnethivn ol the noith — talk about "civil, 
 political, and religious liberty, say nothing about abolition— this will be fotmd the safest issiiMo 
 go b-jfore the wo:ld with" — in.^teadof cant and hypocrisy he plainly tells Pakeujiain, the llr.g. 
 lish envoy, in kis capacity of .seeivtaty fir the repuhlie, April IH, 1H44, that "that wincii is 
 
 CALLI-;D SLAVliRY iS IN RKAMTV A I'Ol.lriCAN lNSTIT|-no\ KSSKNTIAl, I'l) THK I'K.\( K, SAKKTV AND 
 
 PROSPERITY or THOSE srATEs IN wiiicji IT EXISTS." lu Other words, Texas is annexed, in order 
 that the bondage of the African race may be made perpetual. Can this be the language, this 
 the policy, this the judgment of the first free government in the world 1 If not, wherein do 
 
 '■ii ' 
 
 ■ " .< 
 
 ■ ii 
 
 ■■ifn, >■. 
 
C6 I.OVr ONK ANOTIir.R. NOWI.r, DESTINY t)F .SONS OI TUP. HII.t^RIMS. 
 
 ADOPT! 
 
 f 
 
 i > 
 
 I.' 
 
 graves ofilifir laUieis ; Imf tlie honit's ami t;rav«'.s of our lallu'r.s dftaiii us fielily 
 'l\u' known and laniiliai' is ullcn abandonrd lor tiic distant and unUodden ; uiul 
 sometimes the untrodden is not the less eaj^eriy desired because belonging to 
 others. We owe this s|)irit, in a measure, to our descent from men, who Itj't 
 tile old worltl for the lu-w, tl.e seals ul' ancient cultivation fur a wilderness, niv! 
 who advaii'-ed by driving b.'t'ore them tiie old occupants of tl»e soil. 'I'o tlii. 
 spirit we have saorifictMl justice and humanity, and through its ascendency, tlu' 
 records of this yoiuii;; nation are staineil with atrocities, at which eonuuuniiiis 
 jjrown grey in corruption iMi;.jht bl'ish/' 
 
 en .\ I'TE R X VII. 
 
 FarfUt'll I.I the liinii wIum"- in I'liiiillutDii I \van>ior(Hl, 
 111 v'iiiii !'• slie iiiii.'h!\', in vain i^i siie bi:iv'e ; 
 Ciihlcst i>< the hliKid iliat liir tyrants is M)iiandcri'il, 
 Aiul I'aiiii' li.':s iici u ii'afli lor ih'' lndU of the slii\'i'. 
 
 ./f thorn ill the foot.— \'\tn Huien and ('raw/nrtl opposed to nntiiialized citizens. — 
 GoL'nnoi J\Titici/. - 7'Ai' BinnhcrK.—W . ft. ('raiij'ord.—-Ci>lfiii(Hi. — Di . Cuoiitr 
 uii thf liijustuT of tin' Xuth'L' L'rinvijik. — I'olk ~ r.ctiujtrci (tud C SuUivan. — 
 John Knox. — Who united Chtiich and Stnte? — Jiiifus Kinij. — On Indian 
 Marriutjcs. — AVl.nup on ]'an tiiiirn. — Von Huivn on Jnchon. — Van Buttn In 
 V. N. Senate. 
 
 Col RTi'.o'u's reader, had yuii ever a thorn iii your for«t '? A thorn in tic I'e.i' 
 alfords an excellent illustration of the pain and trouble wliich a M'ly small 
 I'orei^n substance may j^ive when in a hostile position in the human system, is 
 it till- part of wisdom lor any jiarty in the I'nion to enrol amoni!; its principles 
 the political [)roscripti(>n of forcigm'rs '! In a commi'irial country there alway , 
 
 i'oli; aivl Walli'i-r dilTn- lioin I'ji-hiii ;;iiil T".!'.'....!!!! ? '• Thr-c slui!) Le ;i firm, iiniololiji' nii'i 
 uui\ir--iil p. an-. \m> \ im r. ami sim kio; I'lMiMi-r^Hii' liitwroii tlir I'liiliMl Stat'"* ni' AiiU'iica 
 aail ihi! t'aiii'il .\lr\i.Mii S!ati's. ' Ponrc. ti'uili. iVifiidsliiit and sinceriiy air ma iio\v>0AVf!I 
 eiidi'r-UMi.l ai \\';.>iiiii..,'l(ia as ii i-. iupi'd tl..'\ will li.' licicalter. 
 
 ■■ Wilt' iMiiiii'i V.I' ri--i- !'p hoMf (■o,i':'|i:iiiii> ol' mii' di'r-'inv :'" a^'>s ('hamiinc: iit'Clay. 
 '• Why do w' not li''d ili;ii oik- v.u.k ii< a iiuiioii i--. '.<< rarrv rrccdoin. r 'lii'ioii. si'lrnn'. .Tini a 
 nolilcr I'wrui o; hiiinaii iialm'' o\«'r tlds contiiu'iil : and uliy do w.' iioi irmi'iiilicr, lh:il to diifir <• 
 tiicse 111'-.-' ill '-■ w imi-i lii-l cliCi'i^.'i U.i'in iij -.mii u.'.ii lioidi'rs ; aiiii ilial u liali-vcr deeplv auH 
 (icinianeiilly >'o. lupl-- u; \. ill malvi' .lar pi.'.'niHi:' iiillufin-i a ciu'c. no! ;i hli'ssin;'. M ihi--' lu^w 
 \»oild' Puliiir- Jili- ;t])p;il- !.■ lln' iiol.lr -I. ;i:. well as liii -r-l priiiripjr ol' liuinan iialiih'. I' 
 
 111. 1(1. Lip r. i| jUL-llil riidlli ilr; I'm'ii', :i « U'll;i- Ihr lloloi Irl \ 1 4' tin' pa'-villif liolir. Hvi'ivili.' 
 
 opp.iitiiiiiiit's ofai'liiiL' on lin- \a^i mihI p.-iiiiaiu-iil iiiti'iv-!-. oi' a li.ilioii, it olli'ii rical.-; a dfin 
 M-ii'i' ul ri'>p.)iisiiillin , .iiid a ^i'licioii-; scirulilivion. I liavi' ion iniii'li laiUi in Innnan iiaiiii.' 
 lo tli'.tnivi uu- in'iliM nil' of ;/ii ill liiiMi< innlliiu'li m(iti\ !'■; on any I'hr s o; nn-ii. cspi riallv o;, 
 hit n ol iMhnnandinj inli iliLjiai''. 'I'lii'i'i' i-. u ('iiu.;rniality liriwceiiMe^t pimcis ti|'llioii!'l,i 
 ami I'.ii^liilV ol' puip.ii'. Noll' ail Nil iMpalili" of .'.n'liliriii;' lliciii't'h I's ;i,; llio-c wliu \fl\r 
 UK)'. I lo ^.al■.itll•l■. who in oth-i ill'.- ilu'iiri'iv-i' . mal-.'' tin- ;;lvall•^I otli'i iiiir'- lo litnnanitv. Will' 
 this coiivii-'tioii, I am not di-riinrai''d In iln' ;in!iripaicd siiiilr- and '•c'tl'^ o!' ilio-i'.'ulio m i i 
 tliiiilc that in in- i-iiiii' oil ii.iiioiial |in::iv a liii' i vi'ntial I'oiiditioii iirirei'd.)iii and i'reniin"' I 
 haw pivai'l.i'd lo i! ■■ w iiid •, 'I'o \ ..u. .'•■ii . uri it udr i' n.it an emjiiy nann-, nor « ill a infi^uo-. 
 li.Uij.;lii wilh heiinj' roiiiipfioii aiui ■ Ikoih- lo y oiii i'oiinii\ , >.i'iiii lo \ mi aii\ lliic" Iml ,i h ,i, 
 Inl calainilw" 
 
 How ol'ii'ii havf I I'l'iid ihi'. IriiiT, and .applii'd il to ('allioim. In ihi- •chsc ihal iis exccllc-ni 
 uiitlior applied ii lo Clay I I am .'i^lianu'd to say ih.al I (ncnaleil. not t||i' rjoann-s ul his iiiul- 
 lei'i, hut the -liarai'lci oi'lds ;iml)liioii. Siirely the man. v iio would coiiiidl ihi- rcpahlir. now 
 aiid for i-vcr. throiii^di tiic voiiv-- of Alrii'an iL;noran'"i'. i<'])ri'si'nt''d hv Aii,!?li)-S;i\on I'lipiditv on 
 .he Hour of Coiif^ress— who would place 'he intellipnt " ricemen oi" theiinrih ai'tlie mercy nl 
 the SpanituvNcif.Mi'xieo, ilu' monL^iels o! South Ameriea,'' (orsoinelliin;-' wcr'-e.} by protfrPS'-ive 
 auiie\atii)iis and shi\e laeediny, will uut till a pie/e ot'lusnn y as a wi-e bliite: iiatii ' 
 
 will be vast 
 land cheap, 
 bravest and I 
 strength or fi 
 peaceful and 
 as your gibe 
 torn in two, 
 secution wh< 
 Lexington oi 
 without; for 
 aid was gri 
 of place and 
 Hundreds of 
 anxious to fi 
 only the bon 
 ter cla.ss to s 
 for theinselvi 
 weak enougl 
 such infuriat 
 Would the ' 
 could it be e 
 or twenty m 
 In order t 
 Buren, Marc 
 
 ♦ W. L. Mi. 
 
 norih of Ireliuu 
 iminler, lo Hue 
 siviikinur of the 
 man — and adds 
 slmuld olilileritl 
 delivered to tin 
 ■iiut iiie.xuri'.hle, 
 crinffinf^lKKly,! 
 iis heiiisc weak 
 I'liwairliee nnd i 
 never liappenei 
 ewr re|)roaeh \ 
 UruMn more evi 
 weak, hail ymi 
 
 Ciovelilor M 
 puhlislied Itii' ll 
 for stnte senat 
 !<ainhlinK seiiat 
 tiiuisaetiuns; a 
 llie tunds ol hi^ 
 yield an unlaw 
 i'loin the Seiiul 
 Ibr themselves 
 ilucf," t)ui relu 
 Young iind Va 
 111 the Trov Bi 
 
 [rrom ih>' 7 
 To have the di 
 aiui lay nohilit 
 my stomach l)c 
 vormiii lor sun 
 
 When the fw 
 from ruin in II 
 chief recomme 
 

 V. PII.nRIMS. 
 
 s detain us fiflily 
 I imtioililfn ; uiul 
 uisf belonging tn 
 )ni HK-n, who life 
 ii wildi-rnt'.ss, niiil 
 the soil. To tills 
 s asctMulency, the 
 lid) (.'unintuuiiii ^ 
 
 KilizeJ cilitens.— 
 •ittti, — Di . Ciiojiti 
 mil O'' Sullivan. — 
 <»(/. — On Indian 
 i. — Van Burtu in 
 
 lliorn in t!io r.'.f 
 ii h a \t'ry small 
 inian systt'tn. is 
 nn^ its i)rinc!))lis 
 iliy tlicri' alwiiy 
 
 fii'iii, iiuinlnlili' .111'! 
 (I Stall'*; n|' Ainc! ic.i 
 ;nv 11"! nn\v <o vtll 
 
 ('liamiiiis: of C\:t}\ 
 ;:ii'ii, scii'iifc. niitl a 
 i.ilicr, iIkiI til liiii'ii I' 
 uli.iii'Vi'i- (i-'i'plv aiif' 
 
 I)!'''--!!!'', Ill ihi'-' lU".. 
 
 I liiiiii:iii naiuri'. |i 
 11^; Itdiii'. Hv fiviii ' 
 i.lii'ii iTi'al.'~; a dfin 
 iili ill liiiiiian naiii!'- 
 iiifii. c-^iii I'iallv I'll 
 I I'.oui'V^ iifllunii'lii 
 as iliii'c wliii Ij.iv,' 
 
 li. I:;iiii!lliitv. Will' 
 
 '^ (•!' [Iiosi', wild \\ ijl 
 
 ■iiii aiiii ."■ii'niiit"'- I 
 
 ii;)r will a ineai-iii'-. 
 
 aii\lhiP!' lull a ti'.i: 
 
 Si' that iis f\('(>lli-iii 
 anil"'- ul' lii'^ iiiirl 
 111 ihi' ri'|nit)lir. ii^u' 
 ;)-Sa\i)n ciipiiiitv iin 
 Hill at tli<' iiit'fcv "( 
 ('i'*-!',) hv jirogrPS'-ivH 
 lie luiiii ! 
 
 ADOPTED CITIZKNS. MARCY, POl-K AND TMK BAMBKRJ*. KR.MBI.r. 
 
 67 
 
 will be vast numbers of .ei>^n<'rs, so also in aroiintry whfi*' Lhor is lugli uml 
 land cheap. It is but us it were yesterday since foreigners were amonj; the 
 bravest and truest in two wars ; here they are ; here they will be ; whettier for 
 strength or for weakness ; as a shield to protect or as a thorn to goad and inflame ; 
 peaceful and contented as your brothers ; intelligent, discontented, maddened, 
 as your gibeonites, helots, slaves. I have no desire to see tht; Flag of the L nion 
 torn in two, with the stars to natives born, and the stli;.e^ to the victim of per- 
 secution who has tied to your classic shores, to take iii'iiiie near the Held of 
 Lexington or base of Hunker Hill. Su»'li a poliey would wiaken us within and 
 without; foreign nations would read our declaration in 'lays »)f old when their 
 aid was grateful, and despise the intolerance and hypocrisy, the greediness 
 of place and power which had, in three scon; years, falsdied the noble record. 
 Hundreds of thousands of men, able to read, reason, and rellect, would not be 
 anxious to fight for a land where insult was their only portion, where they had 
 only the bondsman's place to struggle for, and the exclusive privileges of a mas- 
 ter cla.ss to secure to those who would fill every olTice, administer government 
 for themselves, and treat us as Polk does his nei^roes. Are these states not 
 weak enough already, with three millions of enslaved men and women, iiavin^ 
 .such infuriated feelings as Calhoun describes, the result of ages of opjjressiori '' 
 Would the wanton degradation of half a million or a million of men like m(^, 
 could it be effected, strengthen those defences, to secure which some eighteen 
 or twenty millions of dollars are yearly expended in time of peace ? 
 
 In order that we may the more clearly understand tin' cliaraeters of Van 
 Buren, Marcy,* Klagg, Wright, JJowne, Noali, Coleman, I'.arll, K'ty.s, Butler, 
 
 * W. Ij. Miirey, in Felirnary, IH,'W_ hiindeii ovit iI,,' lirniticiv H.^inliri-, Luiihm-. from llie 
 north of Irelaiul, and citizons, niin' nr ten years rosidfui hcif. inr ii i,il on a |iulitical rhar:,'!' dI 
 miufier, (o Bin'haiian the Knsriish (.'(insul. H'liis \ir iliii in ihc ii-cili i.filic lau. Jmli'e Brad\', 
 siviikiiiif oftlii- Bainlw'fs, incntiiins that they weri- l'n'sliyli'iinn>— <ilil Mi. 15. a I'niti-d iii-li- 
 man — anil adds : " I waited on the (tDvernoi— piiMJiii'i'il papiMs u liicli, il |in.|M'ily cuiisitli-iiil, 
 shiiuld iililiterate every teatiire of the (irt'cnce till- wliicli iIh'V \vt|i' (lounn'ii In hi- .'-acriliceil, il' 
 ili'liveivd to the ready execiitioiii'is <•(" a cDirupl (invcriitiiiiit. J'h'' l'^.\erniivr |Mai<'vJ, sti'iii 
 ami iiiexiiiahle, ri'lused In jriant thi'ir iVei'dDUi." Wluii ilic Scnato nf Haiiilaii'/. a en; i iipi and 
 rriiiKinfjtKKly.ijave up Black well ami Tandy tut In- Hiitisli.they rvruscd iliiujv.'his t.i .Sii|mlfiiii 
 as l)t'iiis( weak. His reply was this— " ( 'n\ii'a?e and \iitue an' tlie jiresfuiis of state - 
 I'dWaiTliee and eriiiie are their ridn. ^'mi ha\i' viiilatnl the law^- of Imshii^dii v — .< tliiii;^ \\ ii,ili 
 never happened aiiiimn die iiiusi Mivai.'e Iniides ul' tiie tlescn. \inir lidlnu I'iii/fii'. \mII |..r 
 eu'r repidueh yiai \\ ith il. 'I'lie twu iinl'niliili.ili' iin'ii die with ^'luiy -Lui lliiii lilmii "u ill 
 tiriiiij more evil ii|V)ii their perseeiitnrs tliaii il wmild In' in the jiuwi'i i.T an anm in lU li 
 weak, had vmi not the resouii'i' i>\ weak Siaie> ' ( 'i'((/(/ //('(/ iidt /I'lri- Irt liii III lyii/i, ,' 
 
 GoveiMur Marev was rurmerly editor and piuprietnr uf tin- Tn'V iJiids'i-l It uas alteiu .ud , 
 piihlished liir the partv hv .Idhn W. Ki'iiilile. \\ hum iIh- Iradei^ at Alliaii\ uidiiid in In- inn 
 tor state senator, and afterwarils used him as ilirir IikiI, Ki-mlili- jniiuii Bi-.|i,,|) Hiiuilu-r 
 s^amhlihif senator, and Kdmunds. the Van Hiiiiii liadtr in the scnaie. in ii'itain stmkjiililiiiifc 
 tiaiisactidns ; and Kemhle and Hi-hup iiniled with I'lnsidw . w Imiik lasliiii. in sci'icth lliiii.', 
 the funds of liis hank "to linen a eumhinalion" hy whiili the sti« ks ul f.iiuin lailn.ads uould 
 yield an unlawful profit. 'I heir ])loi inix'uri ieil— ^dimi; moved to ivpi I Hi-lnij) ainl Ki'inhli' 
 fiiiin the Si'iuite — Keiuhle icsimifit --and (.'hailev L. Li\ iiiL'stun, wlio-c i-pi'iles to ti.ni -|„'iiU 
 lor themselves in this volume. \(ited thai Bishop waN"t'uill\ ormmil .,iul otlii i.d inis.'on- 
 i duct," but refused to send him hack to his eoiistitui'iiis I'oi then u])inii,n on ili^i loiidui't. 
 Vounic and Van Schaiek then very pioix-rly u'si^riied, and left the .Si-naie lundilc ■ laiiL'uai^e 
 111 the Troy Budj^et of IHlil, shows that he held tlie same opinions a.--- \ an IJnicn aiul M.u.'). 
 
 [hVoiii till' 'I'lWi Di -'ii.\ — "To be frank I shall be heartily !.'lad when the clcetion is lucV. 
 To have the dirty whi "V-swillinf;: Irish thrustint,' themscUo c\ciy hour iKtwem the • wind 
 and my nobility,' slobU-i iii^ over me in every corner of our eitv, is more than I can endiiiv, or 
 my stomach lM?ar, without the aid of disinfectins^ airents. If our case is to rest upiiii ilie.se 
 vermin for success, niurh -> I desire if, 1 shall rejoice to witness its oxcittiu/w. ' 
 
 When the fwople threw Mairy off, Polk and Van Buren tcx)k him up. The luinier saved hiui 
 from ruin in 1845, and the lntt*r in I82l>. BanerotVs dislil^ 
 
 chief recommendations to Polk's Iftvor. 
 
 ike to the t'atholies was one of his 
 
 ...t 
 
 (1 
 
 ■■•I 
 
 ■1 
 
 1* J 
 

 I 1, 
 
 i- 
 
 sif'- 
 
 !:• 
 
 r' • 
 
 68 
 
 CHAWfORD, VAN BUREN'S NATIVE CANDIDATB IN 1824. 
 
 Jacob Barker, Croswell, Skinner, Cambreleng, and the leading supporters of 
 Crawford and the U . S. 3ank, in 1S24, it will be necessary to look into the prin- 
 ciples and general character of Crawford. The reader will find that he was ■ 
 avowedly lb « champic n of what is now called the native party, ever hostile to 
 the claiins ci the persecuted from other lands who seek equal rights and equal i 
 laws in America. His hatred to persons of foreign birth, to whom Clinton was 
 ever friendly, endeared iiim to Croswell, Van Buren, Wright, Butler and Skin- 
 
 •h that the Albany 
 
 ^Argus 
 
 * opposed Monroe, and was friendly to 
 refused to be a candidate in opposition to 
 
 Crawford in iHUi, -.^'hile t'!ii)ton 
 
 iVioiiroc, in whose favor his inlluencc was exerted. 
 
 Crawford, in 181t>, all but defeated Monroe in the congressional caucus as a 
 candidate frr the Presidency ; but his nativelsm, his hatred to foreign-born 
 citizens turni d the scule in favor of Monroe. In Nov., 1824, he came within 
 two or three votes in th.e legislature, of getting the whole thirty-five presiden- 
 tial votes < f N. Y. ; but here again his intolerance turned the scale against him. 
 i^Iad he <.;oi the vote of N. Y., the name of J. Q. Adams could not have been 
 sent to the House of Representatives, so that he could not have been President- 
 V an Pjuren was .served in Baltimore, in 1844, as Crawford had been twenty years 
 before ; but in the IbJ-t case, there was a secret understanding. 
 
 Among other eminent citizens who felt insulted by Crawford's ill-timed 
 sentiments, the celeliiated jurist, Judge Cooper, of S. C. (then of Pa.), addressed 
 several letters to Mr. Madison, over the signature of Americus, through the 
 VdJtocralic Press, in April, IS It), from wiiich the following are extracts: 
 
 "Ml'. <,':auloi(l, ii .>-('l!ooliiiii>t<-'r in Albeniiuie county, Virginia, conceiving it more for hi.s 
 interest to cluiusc ^unir new [):ijt'cs.-;i(jii, iind .sunic new tlieutrf ol' action, removed to one of tlie 
 iKniriilary cDinili^.'^; nlilio ;-iali' ul' Gioigia, a;; a county court lawyer. In such asituation, aman • 
 oitolcrablr cfUicandii, iiNuiiicrs and conduci, find.'^ it no diflicult task to become conspicuous 
 aniont,' iVontii'i' st'lihis. In due time lie was sent to Congrcs.s, and tiien, liv tliat kind ofdextu-, 
 rous inana'^enient wliieh men d' moderate talents are not unlrcqucnlly well qualified to pursuf, ' 
 lie acciiiired intUn'iire enougii lu lie sent as ambassador to i'liuicc."! 
 
 * Till! AlliMi'.y Arnii>.-, Stiil., 1H>_>-1, ti-lls us tlint William H. rrnwfnrd wfts born In Virglnl.T, 24lh Feb. 1772- 
 tlii! Mill <.:!i i:iM(iifi— nnr,};!-:!!!'!! ti) (ieiiicia al Hie ii).'e of 14— followed the plow till 21 — then turned schoohnas- 
 l< r, anil iiiKilly set ii|i Im^iiitss :i i l.iwyer. /\t a iiioetin^' oinio youiiR uirn ul' Augusta, (in., July 2, 179iJ, an 
 address was voicil in I'rcMik'iil \ciMiiis, (>\|irp>sin;.: full (oiilidcncu in Ills adniiiiistration, iiud agreeing to mis 
 tiiiii it. t'riiwiiiiil wii-: 111! ilic (•ciriiiiiur i? wlio rcporlcd iliis address, wliich he sancllnned. In 181" 
 lie Veiled ii}.iiin>t iiii're.'^ii';; iIk' i:ii\y. Iiiit llir wnr clmnged his views. He I'ouuht Keveral duels, In nin" 
 ol' w liii li he : )jni r< In J.. \:iii y\!iri, a imlive ol N. V., and Solliitor (Irneial ol' (!a., dead, and in the 
 other «:is wonnilid lt\ t;iiiir;il Cliiikiv In .hiii., ItfOf, in Ihe I'. S. Heiiale, he o|)|K)sed .lellerson'a embargo 
 lull, hill ill 't or IK iiioiillis rli:ii!('eii his mind. II was lo his credit that lie rose I'roiii the station of n laborer in 
 tliiil of iM,ns;resMii;iii — siii in ilie 1. S Seiiiue -liieiinie a iiiinisier ol'slnie- was sent out lo France as ambassa 
 dor— and was ihoii Jii wnnliy 'I I" in ,' a landidale loi ilie chair of Washlnfilnii- -il'his course was manly niitl 
 liom^ralik . 'I'll .1 Jl u.i iioi I'u i>e iine lor ilie In ion, I he tiles ol' Ihe Aurora, edited hy the elder Diiane, and Mr 
 O.ill is' .'.dnii-^ii'ii-- .'iliiiii'l iiiily .<liiiw. 'Ilie evidence:, orcoi'rii|>tion and roueniiess in the liiiancial departiiienl. 
 which " a .N.ilive ol Viruiiiia " evhiluli ,1 lo Ihe piilMic, may lie liiiiiid on the liles ol' the I'.veniii}; I'ost — yet we 
 liiiil VVilliiim (,'olriiiMii. Ilie Iriidiii'j icdnal editor in .\. Y.. in his |i:ip(r ol'Nov. 2, IH'J4, e\claiining, " 1 give him 
 "i-mliirih a driiiinl |.relereiHe. lie.ntily, c.heerlu'iy, and with Ilie lull a|i|)rohation oliiiy del ilierate judgment." 
 
 t'lileiii P' liiiil 111 I II ilii' 1,1 w |i.iriiier <<l lliirr, l.iii ueiii lounil lo llamillou and the iederallsls, who establisheil 
 him ill IHll. :i Ilie lii-l cihinr hIiIk.' i\ ^'. l'.\eiiiii!.' I'nsl, in which Mlii.ilion he was coiispiciums lor his abuse 
 ol'tJliii'i.n, I'lliiliiit, .Ml .\e\en. 'Olil Ilie I'luleillrisli. In IMiT he thus speaks: " IlitolerHhle insult ! must Ihe 
 I'.sserlors or .AiiLirica'.H rii'hts le conloiiiideil Willi Ihe asviis^ins ol' VVicklow iiioiintalus'.' must the American 
 revolution hi" low on e\ery aiiMirlii^i and piililic ilisliirlier i alluding to Kniiiiel, MuNeven, and their I'rienilil 
 the ri):lil lo i kuin .Ann iici lor Ins leaue .'iiiil .Aiiiirii aiis tor his kindred ! 'J'lie altem|il tu show a relation^hi|i 
 lielween Init,:! Iriylnnfit and .Ainiilciiiis is as impudent and deleslalile as it is insidious. Is New York lobe 
 po veined hy Me \\ ill I liiilon lor il- luisli.iw, aided hy Thiiiiias Addis I'.nimeland his janissaries "! Is New York 
 lo lie imt liiio ilie liaiiili ui I'liilnl Irislniini and KonKioNKns ' If it is to lie rescued from this fate It must N 
 bn tiir liniKh itiid In/ 11^, /iLiits !■/ /iiiiir.<i ■■hill ridiiii:. ' When I come lo slate t^ruwford's iiualifications a litlle 
 ii'ioie liilly. no oiie'will wiindei' Unit \ nil 15iireii, Coleiaaii, \Vrif!lil, Cambreleng, Noah, Flagg, and Butler 
 irampled I'll Ilie peoph^'s ile.irest rii'lils in Ihe ho|ie of secnrini,' lo him the presidency. 
 
 i Jiidue ('iio| <r also -I; li;-, ili.it ('.r-iw r.iril could mil speak a word of French, hut stalked about the drnwinj! 
 room- 111 I"; ri.s nnalilo ii a-K a ipi. siloii m' uive a nply. His papers were liiformol, und Talleyrand did biisiiiiu 
 Willi 1> I?. W .iidi n, llie Ann riciin Cuiiiil, a leunied Insliniaii, [wlio liilcly died in f ranee, a member of the In 
 sli'ui'.jnl ilii iiii-lake wa nciiiiKlat Washiniiton. Crawford was piijuid without cnuve, and turned Warden 
 out of (ifticd wiihniii niiilimiiy.io ih- .■iiiiioyanri' and injury of the iiiercliaiit.s of I'hiladelphla and New York, On 
 iii< ((JrnwI'orii's) r.iiiriito W a-liiiiL'toii. Miinioi 's eneiiiie!, and theeneniii'sof liberal foreign citlzeiib, flocked lo hi! 
 Handard, as iln- oppoiieiii ui .Ahnrie lor iln' pri:idency. "'I'll is man," says Cooper, "may be secretary of war, bul 
 he win M£vi:u In Ilie peipie's pre'ideiit." lie wusrigiit. Aiiieiicu lias an honest and true htart, and Crawl'oril liid 
 
 EQVA 
 
 1 xgappoMfcontii 
 f nhroad, butwhohii 
 
 ■ „«ys the General) 
 5 I here r ' At an 
 '. here deliberately 1 
 
 istiiuHon and laws 
 nic. 1 have emba 
 my wife and childr 
 of you. Ihavemiu 
 ,1 fleeted and consult 
 ! YOU here? Not 
 ; yourself hero, beca 
 helpless, squallinK 
 upon the care of ol 
 you could not hel| 
 : tion. And do you 
 ' ledge the whole ol, 
 
 ■ liberty with so grt 
 ' Lafayette, Baron S 
 i Clair, tieneral Leo 
 ; sylvania line were 
 
 foreigners 1 Had 
 
 I WORLD 1 Does it 
 
 < now under oonsidf 
 
 i his conduct; docs 
 
 ' down a wasp's nei 
 
 ; srtges of the revolt 
 
 ': in office, Mr. DalU 
 
 me the foreigner v 
 
 ton, mischievous, 
 
 tions, their laws e 
 
 , report 1" 
 
 j I have exp 
 ] that, but for 
 * preachers,* > 
 
 f - 
 
 showed his hand 
 I when they follow! 
 ■'It is a dirty bii 
 i of the U. 8. consis 
 '. of the American 
 ^ than half the Ame 
 ! German, Swedish, 
 I ley. Count Rumfoi 
 J we five pi'rsoiis to 
 i skill in the arts, « 
 more than in Kiigl 
 ofikill tocome In 
 nfticotamen, Gen 
 falo, Mrs. IJUle 
 frontiers. 
 
 >' Mr. Secretary 
 of war .It home ; 
 hii egregious van! 
 son] and Mr. Mor 
 iiomliiatioit of a 
 the country in thi 
 that every Amerii 
 ford as ambassad 
 and If he dare, op 
 would not have c! 
 
 ♦ Though I 
 diced against ( 
 ■work merited, 
 second Blast, t 
 pendence, in 1 
 his native Sco 
 by Clueen Eli; 
 Revolution, ci 
 of church and 
 Dr. C. Pise] t 
 King head o 
 termed, of thi 
 Holland, and 
 same time the 
 the head of g( 
 Jews. Rome 
 
^824. 
 
 iug supporters of 
 
 look into the prin- 
 
 find that he was 
 
 ty, ever hostile to 
 
 1 rights and equal 
 
 ivhom Clinton was i 
 
 Butler and Skin- 
 
 1 was friendly to ' 
 
 t in opposition to 
 
 ,_ i 
 
 iional caucus as a 
 
 d to foreign-born 
 
 , he came within 
 
 irty-five presiden- 
 
 scale against him. 
 
 lid not have been 
 
 ve been President. 
 
 been twenty years 
 
 g- 
 
 •awford's ill-timed 
 of Pa.), addressed 
 ricus, through the 
 I'e extracts : 
 
 EQUAL RIGHTS AND LAWS. CIVIL AND REi-iUIOUS FRKKDOM. 
 
 69 
 
 r 
 
 • ....f, it more for hia 
 removed to one of tlie 
 uch a situation, a man ■ 
 'j become conspicuous 
 by liiyt kind ofdextc-. 
 ■U qualified to pur.sue, 
 
 Virpinia, 24lhFeb. 1772- 
 -then turned schoolmas- 
 USUI, (;«., Julys, 1798, an 
 :ion, 1111(1 agreeing to siis 
 tic siinciiiint'il. In I8lii 
 !ht !<i>veriil duels, In nni' 
 1)1' tin., dead, and in the 
 Dseil .lellvrson's unibareu 
 If siiiliim of a laborer lu 
 ml til France as Binbas.ia 
 lis cnnrso wag manly mid 
 the elder Duane, and&lr 
 the liiiancial deimrlineni. 
 le (''.vt'iiliif; I'ost — yet He 
 , ••M-l.'iiMilnp, "1 give him 
 my (leliherate judgineni." 
 Jerallsts, who established 
 iDUNpituous fur Ills ahiise 
 ilernhle insult! must the 
 ins 7 must the Americnii 
 Meven, iind their Irlenil!] 
 pt to show a relalluushi|i 
 ious. Is New York tn be 
 niilssaries ? Is New York 
 i from this fate it must ht 
 rd's (|unllticatinns a little 
 Joah, Fliigg, and Butler 
 
 liked iibout the draivliiK' 
 I 'ralleyraiid did buairiru 
 >ticc, a member of the In 
 iiiS)', and turned Warden 
 jihia and New York. On 
 iign cltlzeno, flocked to bis 
 y bo secretary of war, but 
 ihtait, and Crawfonlliiil 
 
 ■I 
 
 ■1 "fluppoM [ontlno** Cooper] Mr. Crawford were to say as General Dcariinrii onro said to a liiiz.on born 
 abroad, but who has established two of the largest and most siiccessl'ul niniiiir;ii'torii>~: in our roiinlry, ' Rut, sir 
 (says the General), you are not an American born.' ' Well, sir (replied my iriend), iuid wliat llinii f How came 
 I hew V ' At au age when 1 was able to choose my country, on mature coiisi.lii-.niou iuid rriloctimi, 1 camo 
 here deliberately from choice. 1 became a citizen upon yuiir own terms and proposiils— :ircordin^ to your con- 
 stitutinn and laws, which gave me equal rights with yourself. 1 brnuuht wuMltli. knowlncl^'u, and indu.siry with 
 nic. 1 have embarked all my fortune in your country ; I liavo delil)i;r:ituly ri<k((l my liiiiiiiinoss, and thai of 
 tny wile and children, upon the same chance with yourself. I hiiverenouncedforincr connections to become ono 
 of you. I have made sacrilices tocnmo here. 1 am rooted and Anierlcanl/.eil liore, ami '<o is my I'lniily. We re- 
 flected and consulted on the subject, and, renoun';ing every other, h ivcclmsim tlii^ ;u <u;r rountry How came 
 YOU here? Not by choice, but by chance ; without your own knowltdsje, exertion, or consent, you found 
 yourself here, because your parents chose to place you liere. Your iirstapiiearance in .Vmoriiii was as a weak, 
 helpless, squalling, puling, dirty, naked infant, requiring the assistance of others to keep you alive ; dependent 
 upon the care of others for twenty years of your existence. You were born and stayin;; in America, because 
 yuu could not help it, you have remained here because you knew no Lcller, witlinit di' ire, notion, or reflec- 
 tion. And do YOU compare yourself, as an .Vmerican, to me J' I wnulil no: like, as .m American, lo acknow- 
 ledge the whole of this reasoning, but there is soniethmg in it. 1 woulil take the lilitrty, sir, if I dHre<l take a 
 liberty with so great a man, o' askin<; Mr. Cniwford, whether tjeneral Moiii;;iirm!ry, (ieneral (iaies. General 
 Lafayette, Baron Steuben, Baron Do Kalb, General Koskiusko, General Pulaski, (iener.ai Hamilton, General St. 
 Clair, General Leo, and General Stewart were not foreigners ! W'lietlier the olficers and soldi, rs of the I'enn- 
 sylvania line were not foreigners? Whether our financiers, Uolwrt Morris and Alexander H anulton, were not 
 foreigners 1 Had our country any need tr) repent receiving', with open arms, ihe.'^e fuoitivks ok tut. old 
 WORLD 1 Does it become a man of yesterday, a man whose niuit (Hslin^iiislied act lia:: bein the famous report 
 now under oonsideration, who is hardly known, but by the bigotry of his sentiments, ami the imprudence of 
 his conduct; does it become such a man, who amuses liimsclf like an idiot boy in tlio woods-, willi pulling 
 down a waspV nest about his oars; does it become such a iinm lo stivnmti/.e, indirectly,, tlicse warriors aiul 
 sHges of the revoltition 1 Is there one /fleam of cormnnn sense in Mr. Crawford's wanton iiisu/t of his coilcnr'ncs 
 IS office, Mr. Dallas and Mr. (lallatin ; and of you, sir, wko nppoinled t/icsi' wcU ioformal and able mi ii. ? Show 
 me the foreigner whoever camo to America, who has been or conld Irtve lieen i;iiilty of sucli a needless, wan- 
 ton, mischievous, mischief-making sarca.sm upon the whole American people, tlioir .mcestors, their constitu- 
 tions, their laws and usages, such as 's implied substantially in this bravura linalu of Mr. Crawford's Indian 
 report r' 
 
 I have experienced much kindness from the American people, and am satisfied 
 that, but for the malevolence of .some of their rascally politicians, aided by lazy 
 preachers,* who have less of Christianity in them than of jealousy of other more 
 
 eliovved his hand too early for a successful game. Van Buren and bis confederates showed very little sagacity 
 when they followed for eight long years the fortunes of Jud^e Crawford. 
 
 " It is a dirty bird that befouls its own nest," says Cooper. At Ibis time (ISIij) a majority of the wImIo people 
 of the U. S. consistof natives of Great Britain and Inland, ortliedesc'nd.iiitsiof such. I'ullOlOtlis of the parents 
 of tiie American pt^op'e, in 1816, were natives of the British dominion.s. Did not Crawford caliinmiate nn)r.: 
 than half the American iieople (of that day), and nujre than '.)-10tns of ili'ir immrdiate ancesiora ! Add also iho 
 German, Swedish, and French pans of ilie jiopulation. Did not Kiiglaiid uel! nci.iv; and eiK-onrauu \V( st, Cop- 
 ley, Count ftumford, Count Bowman, Dr. Solandcr, Mr. I'lanta. AI. do .Ma.ii(^llnii and tli.' Abln' Con a? Have 
 wcfive persons to thi; sijuare mile? Has not Ensland •.'00 ? D.) we not waul hoiin' iiiaiiul'acHi;eK ! Where can 
 Hkill in tlie arts, sciences and manufactures and improvements, In every profe-sioii, be lomal (out of Aim ricn) 
 more than in Kngland, France and G^Tmnny !.. Do we not owe niiicli to our immiiiraiioii laws, cncimr.ijiiiig unvii 
 of skill to come here J (/"rawlord liiwi advised Aiiu'ricans to man v Indian s.ivat;i s in prolunncc to llie daunlitir.s 
 of Scotsmen, Germans, English or Irishmen He voiild have Y.mkee girls called Mrf.S.diUo'.', .M:--. Great Buf- 
 falo, Mrs. IJHie Turtle, iiia. Mad-dog, Mrs. Tecumaetli, Aic, by way of increasing .socuil hajipinoas on our 
 frontiers. 
 
 "Mr. Secretary CrOtVford'i< disgraceful Imbecility as ambassadnr abroad, appears to have miu\e him secretHry 
 of war .It home ; for cxceptiUL' his gross, his niaiiilVsl want of tuLiii and aiiiinreiiuiil, his iiompous deporliiK iit, 
 hisegroElous vonit), his despotic measures while inini^ier, his secret bin not ineiniii.'iiiinmiiy luvouiself [.Mr. Maui- 
 son] and Mr. Monroe, and to the wishes of the republican party, joined to Ind il'mbielaoi d conduct on iliu l.ttu 
 nomination of a future priwident to succeed yourself— w/int (/nalijicUioH li-is tliii man .' Is there oiie jjcibon m 
 the country in the least conversH'U, with the ctiaracters and conduct of AimricAn |io!lticiaiis, who does not ki.ow 
 that every American in Paris, was put to the perpetual liliish irom the iiiimrance and iiisignilicance oi' Mr. Craw- 
 ford as ambassador there ! \ >u could not have kept him til. ii' ; and ye: Ibis man comes lioiii'', to undeiiimii-, 
 uid If he dare, opi)ose the republican etindidatc, [Monroe,] and to be m;ule seciel.iry of war '. Thuniui Jelltrsou 
 would not have done this." 
 
 ■► Though an admirer of the bold and dauntless Scottisji ri'/nnncr, Knox, I am not preju- 
 diced against other sects. M'Crie got more prai.se for hi.s lile m' tluit einiiniit man tlian his 
 work merited. It is a fact tiiat Knox proposed, in Scotland, iiioie tliini ^'jO ycar.-> ii;2;o, in Ins 
 second Blast, the maintenance of principles not a whit behind vv i^'lorious devlo-ation of inde- 
 pendence, in 1776. IMoreover, he was, like mc, many years a banished mtin, or oiif'iiw fiom 
 nis native Scotland. There I can sympathize with him. l-'.veu Idiy;land was shut ag.iin.sf him 
 by Clueen Elizabeth on account of his first Blast. Dr. .Tulm-^on, tiio roviier of the American 
 Revolution, calls Knox "the ruffian of the Retbrination," but he never sanctioned that union 
 of church and State which made a king or queen the s|)iritual head of bulh. " We find [say.s 
 Dr. C. Pise] that no Catliolic government ever united the Kin;; and the Chinch, making the 
 King head of both Church and State. No. 'F'his was the edect i I' the lii)eity, as it is .so 
 termed, of the Reformation; for wo find that after th;it event, Prussia, Swei'i !i, Denmark, 
 Holland, and England cstidilished this conned imi, and made the t mpoial sovcrMgn at the 
 same time their spiritual ruler ; the King in tliese countries, or the Uu';en as it may be, being 
 the head of government both temporal and spiritual. Rome has opened her gates even to the 
 Jews. Rome has given protection to the unibrtunate captives of Judea.' When Van Buren 
 
 -■i 
 
 .:lf;i 
 
i 
 t ii 
 
 i.' 
 
 s 
 
 I}- 
 
 
 70 VAM lil'REN AND THE CATHOLICS. INTOLERANCE. KING ON SLAVERY. 
 
 active priesthoods, the ill-will expressed towards our brethren from Canada, 
 Europe, &c., would be unknown. Well might Greeley say, in his whig almanac 
 lor 1845, " Native Americanism struck us a hard blow. * ♦ • Mr. Polk, on 
 this siuglo question gained more thjin enough votes in the state of N. Y. to elect 
 him." Nativeism killed oti" John Adams's administration, and assisted in under- 
 mining that buhl, intelligent, and powerful party, the federalists ; it turned the 
 scale against Crawt'ord in 18 IH and* 1824; a professed hatred of it, which, it is 
 rvidcni he did not feel, as 1 have shown in another place, secured to Polk an 
 honor of which 1 think he has proved himself, thus far, not the most worthy. 
 
 MMS Fivviili.nt, (111- Hoiiiiiii f'alliolic paptT ol' X. Y., The Tnilh Teller, hy William Denmun, 
 llius cciisuirl his iiildlciiinrc. -'What do wc inid during the Presidential contest '! It was 
 (i<'<Miii.'d by Minn- |)fi>i)ii ill oar of the AVestoni States, iniportBiii to inquire whether Mr. Van. 
 Hiii't'ii was a Calliolic or not. iiiui to this iii(]uirv a reply was ;;,'iven that he ir<n in the holrit. 
 <'l nsiiin^ srrnvl rhiirr.'i,^. hiil thoi he HAD ISEVER'YET ENTERED A CATHOLIC 
 '"'HAl'KL. Th''io was sniiKUhin;;: in thi- rej)!}" well calfulated to deeply wound tiie pride and 
 i"<'linij:s di' those wliu liad lii't'ii cducatpd in that faith. It seemed as it' the Catholic Church had 
 hi'i'ii ;uiii(l(>(l a> a |)fsi)|i'ii( c and a hi/ar house. The whole of the administration presses pub- 
 lished the eoncspdndeiiii- \\ ith ('viillatiiiii. Not oidy has the adiiiini.stration avoided taking up 
 i!i'- il.'fciK'e (jf tlioii- ]>ei>fi)ite(l liiends. hnl has actually added insult to injury. It placed Mr. 
 (!iiii<-ni|>, the open toe iind reviler of Catholics, in olhce, as if to try how far their endurance 
 Hiiiild stibinii. .MiiT tiov. .\lai(\ had committed a fatal error, in surrendering the Bunibers, 
 and liiiii \\\wv- liiiiisi'lt i>bno.\i(iii>. In adopled i ili/en. — what did the leaders of the jiarty ? Did 
 'hev [T^nce anoilief (h'lnociai in iinininalion tor his place ! jNo. He w'as put fortii and was to 
 ii.i- e been ciaiiiiiied i\i\\K\\ the thioalsof the rebellious Irish. Their wishes or dislikes were 
 ii'it t 1 be considered.' 
 
 Ji i?'; Irviiii,' (brother of VV;is|iinirton living) in his oration before the Tammany Society, 
 ^^•. i;'. ISlO, oiti'red the follnuinL' philosophical remarks aL'ainst intolerance. 
 
 '■ > (< eiroi- has ben more pioducliM' of hiiinan mi.sery, than that which in mo-st countries lias 
 I'lii I'd lis n !iL;i"ii.s, niiilci- the c(jiilrol of iis civil institutions. There is no such thing as bend- 
 'iip i;ons(.'ii'iiic -11-- leMuiP is noi iiiilleabic— ii cannot be cooled and warmed at pleasure to dif- 
 I'l'cnt (lci:rees el leiiipeii'inic. The nio.si valuable members of a community are those who are 
 !:i heart /i'aloii^i\ an.Mheil, »w\ vi-iipiilously obedient, to their religious tenets. Among tho.se 
 io-e wc to loi'v lei jiatiepi indii^iiv. >li'ici frugality, correctness of morals, and regularity of life. 
 ) l» re a;-c '.VI' lu seai> Ii lor that honesty ingiallcd on religion, which teaches the fulfilment of 
 tiiclividiial coiiirai'i.'^, ihe pri'>ei\ alioji of oiiler, the revcieiice ui' law, and the sacred allegiance 
 
 due to our eOUIlU'W TlIK \ VTION I'llAT \V \l;s .\(i.41NST ANV MOIIAI, .SKIT, WH.VTKVKK M.VV UK ITS 
 I VST, W.VIIS .MIAISsT ir.-i OWN I'hMVil'KlilTV, AM) S.U'.S rilK FOINDATIONS OK ITS STHKNOTH." 
 
 '^ Itiiliis KiiiL', lliiiimli ii Culcridlst, ami im Itionil tii I'rfini'h iHilillcs or the Irish revolt, In 1T'.)8, was suppnrtt-il 
 li> Vmi HiiriT. ulii'Mi I i!i:u\ iiiicc lir the liiulirst iiiriccs. Iii'cmu-^c of liis tlisliKt' to l(irci);iiers. Van Biiren, llnol, 
 .111(1 Yoiim; well' Ivinu's Iridiii!: Miiiiiurltrs for the <:ltii:<' of Senator to Ihe U. H. in IS'iil, and lie was re elected 
 
 iiliniKt >iiiiiniiiioii>l\ , <.'! irlvvon (;rolni<. ol N V., Corri(?liiis lleney, of IJrooklyn, and Hunter, e.xcepted, 
 
 .ildiotiuli the sMiiie |i:iily ilie yi'.'ir l>elore had chosen to let Ihe »liit« )io uilhont a full representulioi. rather 
 tlinn iippoiiil liini Ml. Kiiiu was the iiilcral sen.Uor lor the .stale in I7f-''.t. In If 13, ho was eletlcd L'. S. 
 .-^('ii.iKir, lis In fij \iiii< fi . (ill). .1. W. Wdkiii, repulilican. 'I'hi.s whs! Van lliiren's ncl, foi' his party hud the ma- 
 .'' ilty ill >eiiiile. In !!■ I >, Unl' Kiii^ was tjie ledernl candidiite for president. lie supported the war etiectu 
 ally towiriK Us close, and v\ < a sliiiily opponent of the extension of slavery in Missouri. Van Buren, when 
 I .invassinir for Kitii! in Isl'.i. ihiii wrote to ii trienil : 
 
 " I ^h'>llld Miiely iriirei In linil ;iny llii|:<;iii); on the sul'ject of Mr. King. VVi; are cotniiiilted to his support. 
 It i> lioih wise iiiul hnncst. iind « r iriiisl liiivc no IliUlirina in •an' course. Mr, Kinji's views towards us aro 
 bonoriitili' iuid i urrti l. 'I'lie Mis.MHin i|iii'>tioii coiicrids, mi far as he is concerni'd, no plot, and we shall give 
 It n Inic din 'lion \''ii liimw w li.it I lie feelings .iiiil \ iewu of our friends were when I siiw you ; and you 
 KiicjU wliiil \\i: ilini cmn iinli d lo do. My e'onsiderntion.s,' &.C., and the aspect of the Alhuny Arjjus, will 
 ' how you ib.ii «e hiM' i iiured on ilie work in eariie.t. We cannot, therefore, look liack. Let us not, there 
 lire. Iii\e Miij' lii,iiiii'!. I will put my hr.id on its propriety. " 
 
 III \tl\. I!iilii.-< Kiiia UhiK a truly rtpiililiCHii stand in ihc ficnate, iipainst Crawford nnd the ccntrHt caucus hit 
 -\',iii Huri'ii :iii'l III i cniilVdi rMti"* wcir ciHended, and on the 7th of .Ian.. IH\J,"), Mr. Kini(dcclInoil a re election, 
 lor lie Mif ^^ lie I oiilil nut lie reiiinu d. Ills .Mins went with Ad»uis't< adiiiinistriilioii, and soon cx|)erienre(l tho 
 iiio.l hitli. r eiiiiiil!i Iroiii Ihe .Vru'iis. 
 
 I have 'poliiii 111 " .\rislldl!^," :, paniplilet liy W. 1'. Vim .Ness, Viin Uiiieir.-> law teacher, who opiioscd Clin- 
 iiii, iiiid iiMimreil liirei:."ii'i-.. " Cnlif.i i/inj { (lie iniiiii;:ninls to Anirricii from iilirond, says Van Ness] arehtid in 
 I'ln/iir nihuiiliiiiituiii I'll 'In: ninrriil liiii.iltilioii i\f . liniriC(in«, or cmilriilltrl hi law, the people uj this countrti mviit 
 jiriparr to .'orrmilir tlm- rmhis. iiiiil sojjir lliiir opitiiniis to be re/fulotnl, not by their own I'uod jir/iiii!. but by a 
 ji'K (/(.'./((•/•(.(f mill liii iiiii,i:s Jon iisncrii." lie wanted Ihe alien and sedition laws hack H(.'iiin, and. like Van Bu- 
 ri n anil \\ii;;lii, wns ii Cinw f'ird iiiiiii in l.s-.'t, as was his lirolher (iriieral Van .Ness, the lie.nker, Washlnifton. 
 
 .\iiiii;i"r 1)1' \',iii Hiireii's iiillinv 1-. « 111! i\ IS iiiiiny yeiMs in tli<^ -Cite senate throiich his influence, unu that 
 of his cniifeder les .liinies I'owers, ol (.utikill, thus desrrilied iiirei;in citizens, in a 4th of .luly oration, doliv- 
 eri'd lit lluilsim - " W liiit is ilie I vil tliMt has reduced every republic to InslKnificiiMce iind Inlniuy, tncuni- 
 pletu ruin .' 'liie intniduciiiin of ioreij.'ii d siirKaniz.ers ; they who know no dltlbrence lietween a King and n 
 I'resiiieni, lietuetu lilierty nnd liceiiiloiisncss ; wlnniie riiiullliir with the gullloliiie, and in'tirrectlons at home 
 nnd who I,iimvv of no odii i- feiir hut I lei I >vliicli the (;.d lows in^pircn," 
 
 % 
 
 CKAWFOR 
 
 It is a curioiii 
 
 [jespising foreis 
 
 nunishing then 
 
 ^Mbert Gallatin 
 
 icket with Cra 
 
 ieeined to hav 
 
 lefore the laee 
 
 in March, T 
 
 troni Lawrt^nce 
 
 ihil)!" tu the ^ 
 
 iVuiii CoiniiKnlL 
 
 ^I'.i'insolves aim 
 
 tir.t's .sons, \\'\ 
 
 ^lation lie ".va.'-; 
 
 lent to his hati 
 
 lladisoii nil Im 
 
 iJiitler, ("aiiibn 
 
 Oiilv ileserted ii 
 
 '• I'd Jiiiiies . 
 
 \\ liie .sy.stei 
 evjuv'ted from 
 ^i!ioilnc(^ aiiiui 
 (l;iii^s real as w 
 tlie \\ liites l<e e 
 ihv race, wifii t 
 ^iieial happines. 
 ait> III harmonic 
 D.oii' to the nal 
 tlic natives of ( 
 K!;CKI\'E, \^ 
 fOHLD, Wli 
 illHlRCl.'l.M 
 
 W'c have si I 
 
 men, Caiiilire 
 
 |:iiii|)led on tl 
 
 Jilonrue'.s seat, 
 
 iii'iiifliced .icrai 
 
 I'liiir. of 111" W:i^ 
 111' Hem Iiljillll'^ 
 Till' ;|iuiMiiIllienl 
 || • M>liiiii^Ucd lliiise 
 '.I M the depMrtuieii 
 ".■ ■! le lie Miipii^ei 
 Wlril Ciiilil lie nio 
 1 I'lri'iuner liiul oiil 
 1 Wi.-liii'u'loii. 'tin 
 rviv: piiiii inr miiiiv 
 I ''•.' I<rmiicr:tir 111 
 iii'licly rei'eniiiicnile 
 '.v;is then nil iili 
 1 .N'inv York nnd wi- 
 
 tfiiliiUlon (if live yea 
 II' itlier iilleii f 
 
)N SLAVERY. 
 
 n from Canada, 
 IS whig almanac 
 ' Mr. Polk, on 
 f N. Y. to elect 
 isisted in under- 
 ; it turned the 
 f it, which, it is 
 red to Polk an 
 e most worthy. 
 
 SVilliam Denmun, 
 il contest '? It was 
 whether Mr. Van. 
 c iras in the halrit 
 A CATHOLIC 
 MttA the pride and 
 itholic Church had 
 ration pre.sse.s pub- 
 avoided taking up 
 ly. It phiced Mr. 
 tar their endurance 
 riiij< tlie Bambers, 
 if the i)arty ? Did 
 it I'ortli and was to 
 s or dislikes were 
 
 Tauiniany iSociety, 
 •e. 
 
 I most countries has 
 
 uch thing as bend- 
 
 1 at pleasure to dil- 
 
 arc those who an^ 
 
 Is. Among tho.sc 
 
 1 regularity ol'lilc. 
 
 i the tnUilnieni ol 
 
 sacred allegiance 
 
 rK.VKIt M.\Y UK ITS 
 ntF-NfiTlI." 
 
 n 171)8, was suppnrtt'il 
 rs. Villi Biiren, Hool, 
 and li<> WHS re eloctf'ii 
 Hunter, cxce|it«(l, 
 rt!|)ro»viilulioi. rHther 
 10 was fleeted L'. S. 
 liis party hud the ma. 
 iried the war etTectu- 
 Vail Bureii, when 
 
 titled t(i his aiiiiport. 
 lews towards iia arf. 
 )t, and wo shall i;ive 
 1 saw yiiu ; and ycm 
 V Albany Arjiius, will 
 k. Let ui> nut, theru 
 
 he teiilral caucus hit. 
 ecllnod ii re election, 
 soon exiterlenreit th» 
 
 whii opiiosod Cliii- 
 Van Ness] nrehtldin 
 t iiflhi.i r.ounlrij mv.^t 
 n irutid senile, but by a 
 ill, anil, like Van Bu- 
 ir.iikor, Washlnifloii. 
 s intliience, and that 
 r.liily oratlun, deliv- 
 
 luid Inlainy, tocuiii- 
 tween a King and n 
 n«urreciions at home 
 
 CRAWFORD S ADVICE. MARRY SAVAGES RAXHER THA-V IRISH GIRLS, /i 
 
 JJt la d curious coiiicidiMice, tliiit while Crawfuivl \\ds thus undervaluing and 
 jlespising i'orei<in inochanics, the I'liiglish ('(uirls of law wt-ic bu,sily employed, 
 •iiiiinishin;^ them by fiiu' and imprisonment lor »!ndeavorini; to emigrate to the U. S. 
 ^Mhert Gallatin, alway.s the advocate of a .National l^>aiik, wa.s placed on the 
 ticket, with Cravvfoid, as the candidale for Vice; I're.sident, but his foreign birth 
 f.f'ined to have marred bis fortune, iiisomueh that he liad to leave the course 
 jirfoie the race was over.* 
 
 Ill March, iS^Jti, at the close of that war, in whieli foreign born citizen.s — 
 fiom Lawrence, who closed his eyes in death, exclaiming " Don't give up the 
 slii|>!" to the gallant Capt. IJiakely of the Wasp — and the .sons of foreigners, 
 fiiiiii Commodore Charles .Stewart to Commodore McDonough — distinguished 
 tlu'iiKselves among the bravest of the brave, and the truest of the true of Ame- 
 rua's sons, William II. Crawtord, being at that time Secretary at War, to which 
 giiition he was called, after bis i'-uropcan tour as Ambassador to Napoleon, gave 
 Viiit to his hatred of the men of Kuropi; in the following report to President 
 iMiidisuii on Indian afliiirs. J''rom that day forward, Noah, Van Hur(!ii, Wright, 
 liiiller, Cambieleiig, Barker, and the iNATivt; faction became his friemis, and 
 Oiilv , Inserted bim v. hen hope was lost. 
 
 '• To ./(lines .\hiilisiiii, rnsiili III of Ifir f'nili I Sfiitrs ; * * * 
 
 it' the system abcady devised has not produced all the ellects which were 
 e-pci'tcd from it. ii' w ex|ierimeiits ought to ie made; when every ellbrt to 
 (itroduce among them, {the Indian savag<;s,] ideas of exclusive property in 
 liiin^s veal as well as personal hhall fail, let iiileriiiarriages between them and 
 tlif whites be cncourai^ed liy the (Joveinment. This cannot fail to preserve 
 il'.c wifv., with the modificalion.s necessary to the cnjoyn.ent of civil liberty and 
 SI", lal happiness. It i.s believetl, that the |)riiiciple.s of luimanity in this instance, 
 »n' 111 harmonious concert witii the Inu^ interests of the nation. It will redound 
 Daiii to tiic national honor to incorporate, by a iiumaiie and benevolent jjolicy, 
 tliu natives of our forests in th(> great American family oi' tVeedom, THAiN TO 
 JKCKIVE, WITH Ol'K.N AH.MS, 'rilj-: FCtilTIX'KS OF TlllO OLD 
 |\ORLD, WliKTilKRTilHllv KLIOIIT HAS HKHA THK KFFKCT OF 
 ' 'lli:iR Ch' l.MFS OK. Til FdR VIK'IT. KS. 1 have the honor to be, ^c, 
 
 WIMd A.M IICRAWFOHD." 
 
 We have shown tlie imparli;i! reader, on the clearest evidence, that Van 
 mi II, Caml)releng, iNoah, Butler, Croswell, Wright and their conf(;derates, 
 iaiii|)led on the constitution, and \iolated the right of instruction, to place in 
 Jlloiiroe's seat, in IS;' J, a man of a mnrow, eonlracted mind, because he was 
 ftirjudiced against ibi! ( ;|ual ri>;bt> ed our < iii/,i_>ns of ftHeign birth, and the 
 
 I ' Miiir, III' ll|i" \V;i~!iitv'l'io lanlw. rn|iiri| Itii' (' lUiiwIiii! l'en^lll■'• iif U.iiiii'i WVl.sirr, wlini lio ^^■ll^ iiccrelHry of 
 I it. Ill 'III nniiii|\ Kvrnini' I'o't • [(lii« ,<h-ir|i iln'V IooK iil'ti-r ii~ l',iiL'li.-li, Iri-'h, lliiirh nml Scutch 'J 
 Till' .'I'liiiiniiiirnl ot it lirin iimihi'iI I{i>\ imlil .. «» n/i-ii. h^Mr. WcIkIit, Ion iiliici' in llii' i|p|inrliiii'nt ol'slntr. 
 
 : |i ■ .l^ll'lll<ll(•(l iJHisi' wliii liiH u li.iii ill this cil\. * ■' * V7(c •nihil m-ti iif thi' iiitiiiiiiilmnil »;' tin iilint. In n 
 
 ; I"! II llir ili'inrtnii'iil \vlii'-li liiiv ilii' rlriri'c nl'inir ioii':i:ii ri'lMtioii* u ill siirjirisi' ihose who liiive not like ii,-, 
 I ■ . .1 I,' lie .iiriir.'i'il iil .iin I'liti:; iloiir liy .Mr. \\'i-\, \ r." 
 
 Wtnl I'Milil III' iiiori' ciriMii!; limn to scr itie-e pri'lcnilnl iVii'iiiN I'lllie slriiiiscr. nlniixt in hystorics ImcM'-e 
 HI liireiui'cr li.'iil oliliincil ii in'Slv cl' I'Usliiii lo copy p-ijiers ! l.'iM'.'trri' miiiI O'Siilliviin wrie |j;ir!iu'Vs in triolo 
 
 ; 1 \\':ii-!ili"itoii. 'riit'V >ui'|ili('i! Crncres* wilti 11 VMsi Miiioiinl ol' siniiotu'ry, cliiuvliii; ili iilile wli.it tlii-y llii'iii 
 ;:\-c:i ii'ii.l liir iiiiiiiy iirlicl'";. Mnil rpniizin" t'lioriin ns I'liliis. I run prove ii. They wore, iiinri'oMT. pr"|Tirlors 
 I ''■'• I'i'mncr-xtk Hrrinr, whirli Ainlrew .liirkson. M. Vnii Ihircii. the taolio, unit tlie Allnuiy Ai-iiii. hiiil 
 
 ■ li;li(ly ri I rimiKMiili'il, in-' .'in or;'aii nnil ixpfnu'iit ol' tlir )iriiicipli's of the (uirty. .Ml pirties Kiieiv ttiiil Lunj;. 
 I ■ wiis then nil nlicn. W'lu'ii llio Review I'liileil in VVni-iriiii'tiin, iind l/Miutrro liiiil reiireit from il, ho came 
 1 Xciv York nml wii« ntiliinii/eil nt tlu- ninrine court shortly liefore hi ■ ileiilh. when he hail completed his 
 fi'liiuion (f five years, l.iuiulree liiiil evcellini ninriiies of iienil luiil heart ; Imi why praise hilti itnd abuse 
 111' i-ilier iillen .' 
 
 il 
 
 !H' 
 
72 
 
 VAN BUREN IN THE SENATE. HE PLAYS PARASITE TO THE IRISH. 
 
 ll 
 
 
 clianipicn of the U. S. Bank. While Rufus King, in die Convenuon of 1821 
 was voti )g for universal sullrago, without regard to r . .nerty, sue? v/as Van 
 Burcn'b iMtred of the Iri^-hjund old country people genei. ! ;, i.hat i.- tiiwr.vuM 
 King and "cuing — went for restriction, and declared " that the -"hiuacter of the 
 iiHMvased n J.nber of votes (iu N. Y. city) would l)e sai;h as uou.i i^nd'^i tlir 
 elections rather a curse than a blessing ; which v,ou!d drive i.uin li;,; polls all 
 .sober-niiiuled people." Chnton was kind to ihc" Irish, and unwearied in his 
 eHbrts to educate all classes. What has \'au Uuren done for education ! 
 Louis i\I'Lanc,now U. S. niiiiisler at London, told a friend one day, that duriri" 
 all ihe time he sat with \'au Jiuren in Jackson's cabinet, he never knew him to 
 j)ropose or take much interest in any great measure for the public good, but 
 where anything was lo be done by intrigue or party management, he (V. li.) ' 
 was alvvays the most active.* On referring to Van Buren's letter io Hoyt 
 Albany, January, 4, IS2l>, it will be seen that lie would have avoided the 
 appointment of Judge Swaiiton, one of the United Irishmen of '98, but as the 
 city liked the Judge "he did not see how he could a\oid the appointment. "| 
 
 C II A P T I-: R X \' I H . 
 
 Two Pictures of a Polilirian. — Van h'ltreii, Fhii/fi, /Jailer aiul Muri:;/, friendiij 
 In the iJ. S. Bank. — Tliry prove its Charter Ccnstitnlional. — Crawford nwl 
 Galldtiu^s Cri>wnin(j Merit. — MonrtH,, Crawford., Madison., and Marshall nn 
 the Bank. — The Albani/ Argus.— Thomas Ritrhic and J\I. M. Noah on .hick- 
 son. — Van Ihirrn on a National Jninh. — The Alhanij I'etition to Biddle fm 
 a Bank., and Who '"Signed it. 
 
 In the New York Anicriean, of A|)ril, 1810, conducted by Charles King, the 
 son of that same Rufus King, whom Van Ruren had aided in 1813 and sup- 
 
 * Van Biimi \v:i-j apfmiiilcd, by tli'' IciiislntMrf, a Pciiiitornf ilio IJniled I^Mf.'s f(ir \. V., in IVbriinry, 1821, nn! 
 look li:.s 31'at in tlu L'. S. Scnnt'', lii'sidp Kiiliis !\in<.', Iiis i'olli'n>;ui-. iil ilic ijiriiijii; i,\ the I7iii roniiri'ss, on iht 
 Mil iif Dtc.Tiiiln'r tliat yi'iir. Hi: nniaiin'd in iMi' S' iinti' liU rlicli'il trovciiior nf ,\, Y, in Iv.'H mikI allci wnnLsiif- 
 Hiiieil I'mir ytnis in it Irdiii March, l>'3y, iimii .1,-iirli, l,-:!7. .is Vice I'li'Miiri.i nf tin; li> I'lililic. In Ir2i. Iwm: 
 III n ■-'■< \c;irs I'ld, n ri-idi nt in Alliriny, and a Scniimr rji ct nt \Vii«liini'tnn, lie ivas cliiis'.ii hy Ols''(;(> cimrily :i 
 di'I'patc to the Siatf Convpntion to anicnd ilir Conrtniilion. 
 
 la til"' t'. S, S'liati'. Iir .-iiii|i>n!i'il li. M. .lnlin'^iin's vi ly |io|>nl;ir and hiun.'U.i' iiroposilion, t(. alidisli ini|iii.-"r 
 nil Mt lor doht, a'ld u.iimd imlilii' ajUirolialKin by mi dnins — .Noiili t.nd nllicr ciiilors rnp\ m;; In- sjifcrlics, on l.i,- 
 and III.- I'lt'i-lMr.il law, iiHiri; i >;|iri,illy tlii' Intitr. Iiy n lursl iIhoukIi Jcs.-e ll.ivt. or somi.' oilier t.illii'vcr. ll- 
 \viis fir :-oiiii! linn! clniiiinnn id' liir Jiid;(iar>' rKimiiU'i"- tint liis |iro;io^iiiiins Im impimi jni'in. like ilir :ip|i.iir- 
 nil nt oCr.'inoy nml otliiT". (lid lit'li- Hood. ilc'. ■ liavi.' Ini'ii lor kirimn; tlif ini'Milnr.s ol' llir Sn|iri'iin 
 
 Ciiiirl on the Ciiriiil!!, U'liili' in lliis stale tin r.nd in- |' n.j .si.'paraied 111" nppellaie jiiri.Mlielioii aliojii'lliiT iVoni ll,. 
 (.iroiiit and jury liusini'SP. lie .ery justly lerro- d tlie i>. wer ol' imppMrhiin in. tit Wa.^liinuloii, "tin: .-vhi-i rri/i- 
 ol' ill.' coiifiitMlion." In IS;;:;, V.ir, Hiirun I'Pl — n '. ' .iiis's adiiiini^lralnin w In n it proposi d tnseinl r(iiiiiiii..'.<inn 
 er." or .-i.e nts to the nmL'rorsat I'annina. Ki.i :in.oinieiits. and llio«(! oi' l'ie-.idin' PnIK mo mil niiiiJi in iircordairf 
 \\'ilti llic » ii'U -^ ol'ilie laller us 111 nniMiitf-rlerenie in oin (lay. C'linloii wa^ a griMt Irieiid lo iniirnnl inipinv. 
 III! lis, liy llie ^'i-mral ^''ivirniiieiii ('lav, .Adnnis, i iillunin. \'an Rnrcn, .Mdnillir, aiirl oilnr men ol' Hie deirr; 
 eraiir p.vtv, had Ill-en so— lint oti the I'.itli of I)i leinlier. I,-','.'), V.ni linieii nlli-Mil res.i|iiiiiii,<, drr'arins ' li,,: 
 <'iint'rc.-s docs not possiss llie power to make mads ;iiiil innnls vvilhin tlie n speriive stales." lie li.nl jiist ni : 
 tin; (lisrovcry. it iieliis, lhiiii:;li liis new li;.dit did mil i .vlrnd to Imhid r.ii;i.'ri-i« rroiri xo.ini; any niiinlier ol' Ihnu 
 f-andn i.fd ili;irs In iiinkf- a liarlior .Tt Os«r;;ii, where lit li.'is a valnalile proiiniy ihai i .itiie i a>y to liirii, II' \',r 
 Unren was ^me tli.il ilie l.'niied Stales conld not lawl'iillj vialic ilie toad-^, imw i-, ii ili.ii I liiid l.ini voMng m i.l- 
 hi nate t'l o.micI loll ; on the (.'iiniliprlnnd roail ! Stmnce, indii' d, tha' ii is iiinawriil lo make ilic mnd iImII'. ,i; ; 
 yei lawful lo estalih-li toll hnrs on it, and e,\ait perpetual i;iialioii, ailer yon li-'ivc made it in dctinia-c of all lii« 
 i'ri-sident Mnnroe kept him ii;:lil in prartioo. lor ho voioed Ins lirnpike toll aet. 
 
 ♦ I iiiiglii nil a vuliiiiK! with evidence of the lii artf'ilt lios:iliiy lo im n of Ion ^n hirih, u I Mi Van Bnr'ii and hi- 
 eonl'edernii s have trn d to eomcal since ilie :idv(-iil ol J.ickson and demise ol' (.'jinion, 'J'lie followiiij; i xn.ir 
 from Van Bnren's leitcr lo {Jiinsevoort Melville, of llitli Mnrcli lf<l-1, sounds oiidly, wlieii redd wilh some oilia 
 jmssatres in Ihis wnrk ; 
 
 " Diivcn I mill ill fated Ireiand and ilsoppri»tii'ns, 111? family of Gen, Jackson sought lefiice in lliis nnw hap; 
 eonntry. where, alter a biief senson llley were unhappily a(!»'n .'ubjetted ti ilie same » \ils I'loni wliicli they In: 
 in vain liopc<l to cscuik!. Ii was Honn alier llicir arrnni and Mime years before tlie commencement of the w. 
 wliieii grew out of Ihe oppressive i-ondinl nf the motlior connliy, ili.'it the liiiuro hero and stntesmnn win her: 
 A w.'nesh of the stliriiid scenes of thai sanguinary coiilesi, and to snine exieni a pRriicipalorln its slruiigles, hi ■'■ 
 iha. ei-.tly aite, like his illustrious co-worker In tho great cause of huiiiui rigliu, ' aworc ctuiial enmity tu cvmy 
 kind of tyranny over ilie mind of man.' '' 
 
 1b not tills Ihe very es.-'en'-e of hy|X)crisy ? 
 
 ported 1 '3l 
 .wick, nu' ':.ii 
 ■follow!''-', i^rli 
 
 replicu oy a I 
 ■1 laid aside it 
 ; contained, by 
 
 [ 
 
 •Mr. Van Hi 
 
 liiiii. personal si 
 'ihiseliappeii to 
 jr,:licr Ikand, thei 
 iassuredly be pusi 
 ,i:; nothing ill hh 
 
 trill be actuatfd 
 '• We infer ll.i 
 'v\ peace or war 
 jM-hicli Mi'. Vat 
 ■\tillniiit till' aid 
 "WI-IARE.^ 
 ;,\ TuI'AL AW. 
 \k> iiueiUly belli. 
 ii's losses, siiii'c; i 
 
 livpoihesis. HI 
 ?SLLF-SACIUI'' 
 
 KIGHT AS 8 
 
 jAXDbCUKMi 
 
 \ " It I.S, therelb 
 
 Uritaiii shall Ik 
 
 luay be pruvokev 
 
 Southwick' 
 
 .intimacy, [p.i 
 
 ahe followiii. 
 
 : ^'ev» York 1 
 
 ■' Mr. Van V, 
 
 wxi no iirtiliei; 
 ■ code id"p.)li!ii 
 politieal aefiim- 
 tbroc of iiiaiiii; 
 (iDNblRAL I'J 
 t'Ht: MASS!-, 
 RIPPER li^lCl 
 iioinena neve, 
 piihlie opiiiiiiti; 
 i'e|iieneiuatives 
 iii'iaiii easy nil 
 He b'-loii'ifs wl 
 OR BUSlNKSi 
 
 ITS s rRicrt: 
 
 BLNATION. 
 in peraon." 
 
 The liistor 
 
 other iu::titut 
 
 mint], that hi' 
 
 the captain o 
 
 S democracy, 
 
 3 impoverish, i 
 
 If the nat 
 
 f-llRJ 
 
THE TRIHH. 
 
 iivonijon of 1821, 
 (,v s'lc' vas Van 
 
 <liat ii :• tliwovtud 
 ' '"h.-iactcr of the 
 
 \voii..J i^jji'ei the 
 uOi>i Ihi! polls all 
 
 iinwearioil in his 
 ic for education ! 
 le day, tliat duriri" 
 ever knew him to 
 
 public good, but 
 Pinont, he (V. B.) 
 s letter io Hoyt, 
 lave avoid :;d the 
 of '08, bui as the 
 appointment."! 
 
 ul Miircij, fiiendiii 
 il. — Ciawjord and 
 (tnd ^Marshall on 
 ,M. Nixih on Jack- 
 Hon to Jiiddle jot 
 
 Charles Kinsj, the 
 d in 1813 and sup- 
 
 . v., in I'Vhrimrv, IH'il, mv 
 i llip 17ili coimri'ss, on ili' 
 lv.>H' 1111(1 nl'lfi Avnril.s|i: 
 ll.lMililli-. Ill 1,-21, lie 1 1:; 
 :li(i.s'.M liy 0;si't;(i coiiniy i 
 
 silioM. (f. iihilisli iiii|Hi.-or 
 
 |iyii!R 111, sjiiM'rIiPM, on iti„ 
 
 SulMC lllllcr t.llUl'.VIT. II' 
 
 iiiM jiic'iii, like till' MpjiMir' 
 llll'llllll'l.-. Ill' lllr Slipri'Mii 
 ilicliiiii ;iliO!;rllii-i rniiii il,. 
 sl:iliUtiili, " llii: fiirr tTuc 
 Oposi ll tnKl'lill rdiimii^.-'inn 
 no mil Mini II in iirciirilauft 
 rii;iiil Ul inn iinl iiiiiunvn 
 I otlhT turn III' Hli' ili'iiin 
 I'-jilmliiMS di'ilariiij.' ' llni 
 iiies." Ill- li"il jiitl ni "It 
 iini; liny niiinlifr ol' Ihnii 
 :imr 1 ii-y M liim. If Vnii 
 i.ii I lihil I. nil voiing in ih' 
 p iiiiiki' llif: Mind lUi 11'. aiJ 
 Jc It 111 dchniicc 111' all law 
 
 , \\\ il II Van FJiirin ami Iw 
 II. The followiiiR i jtimf 
 liiiii nnd will! MDiiie iilliif 
 
 t irfuRn in lliio now ha|i|" 
 I Ails t'loni ulilcli lliey li«l 
 iiriniinri^ment of (lie wv 
 o fliid euileiiiiinii win licr 
 ipator \n its slrutigles, he :'> 
 )rc clcfiiai enmity to e»«ry 
 
 CHARACTERS OF VAN BUREN BV HIS OLD FRIENDS. 
 
 73 
 
 po'tpd ' J3l9, as U. S. Senator fi. ^'< • York, and who, like Solomon South- 
 wick, na;' ' -f^ *■■ * lient means of ascertaining Van Buren's true character, the 
 
 'following article. The Albany Ari/ns copied it on the 7th of that month, and 
 replied by a torrent of abuse against King, for which Croswell was prosecutoU. 
 I laid aside that number of the Argus, ,r.id resolved to judge ot the chai-jjeii it 
 
 Icontained, by reference to facts only. 
 
 [From iho \. y. .\iiiciican— cniiied into ilir Albimy Argus, April 7th, 1840.] , ." 
 
 ; "Mr. Vau 15nren i.s a party p)litiri;ui nvrpl'.-. He has never been an^thiuj^ else; and to 
 ijiiin. pewon'i' sue(•e.-!^;. an.l the success nf liiri j)arty, are the lirut consiileration always. K 
 Itjicje napppii to coincide with the publii; wcl/.an^, the l\v> will h? proiiiofi'il together: if, on the 
 '(;:licr hand, they should eonlliet, as ino inuch tlicy have dune, the public welfare \/ould mont 
 'a-isuredlv bu po.sipone.l or disvoi^'ai- le;!. Sich has bocn .\Ir. Van Htiren's past career, and there 
 i:; nothing in his chacacler or [)r/]itiL'al morality, to authorize an expectation that the future 
 uill be actuated by any liiirher motivcH. 
 
 '• AVe inter ILerefoie, au.l we ,•' ;;c the atteatinn ot'lhe public to this position, that the question 
 (if peace or war withUreat Jirilaiii iii.iy. at ihi-; ni nni'ni. iiiainly turn upon the calculations 
 M hi(.h Mr. Van '('.iin^u nii i his iViends may luaivi", a.-; I.) ihe ciiances of his re-election with or 
 Milliniii the aid of a war. 
 
 " W!': AWE AWAliK Til A'i' TI ri.> H VP( Ti'divSIS IMPUTES TO MR. VAN BUREN 
 
 ,\ I'olWL Ar.Si';X('!': Ol' .M(>itAl..PlLl.\C.'il'Ll':, and pjcsenls him in the light of a man 
 
 ;(.,j im.enily l)eui. upon his own siu/ce-s, as lo p'.ay I'oi' it flu.' despciato hazard of war, with all 
 
 j'^ losse-^sulic. iiigs, and riime; h\\'. we ii'pi'af, the past liislnrv of this gentleman justifies the 
 
 hvpoihcsi.s. ilK HAS Xi ) ( (K.Ni'U<")rS A.VlBlTlON—.NO'.VOBLIi, DISINTERESTED, . 
 
 sSLLF-SACRll'ICiNG PATillU I'lSM— NO i^NTlUJ.SIAS.M l-'OR TRUTH AND 
 
 RIGHT AS srinsTANTlVi; VillTLiES. HE IS A PULITIC^AL CALCUioATOR 
 
 ,|A.N'D SCHEMER. A.\D NOTHING MORE. 
 
 I •' It IS, therefore, not unjiis! tu him, as we view Ids eliaraeier,to insist, that if war with Great 
 jUritain shall hold uut a probability of sustaining tlie pirsfnt administration in power, war 
 liiiay be provoked." 
 
 * Southwick's opinion of Van Duron, after many years of personal and political 
 intimacy, [p. 263,) is essentially the same; and Mr. Bryant, in 1841, placed 
 the following description of an ex-president under the editorial head of the 
 
 irs'ew York Evcninij Pimt^ as a conmiuuicaiiou : 
 
 . 'Mr. Van lUiren FIAS LirrLi: .MOltAL I'Ai TH Oh' ANY KIND: barely enongh to 
 iv.io I no arlitieial t'\idiatio!i i>f binly or uuiid. Tliis I'n'iii jirvy di'ves him into an artincial 
 rude uf p. jlitieal praeiii'e, ie. wliieh he \vX"\-:i all - leial aeiimis In individual intcrcsis, and all 
 political actions' to comliinatinns of those inie'csis. HE MI^LiJ'; VEli EIRMLVIN THE 
 t'oirc of management, or tin; UOOL, t'( ).\,S1I>!:!! A'' E, AlM'i-^l'L APPEK.'ATION OF 
 (iDNERAL PROl'OSirioNS I'O THi: EXh-'T'lNc; 'I'KMPEl^ A.ND OPINIONS OF 
 'I'HE MASSES. ;is fir :,s duse em be ase-it.iin- '. and WITHOITT ANY F-EADING 
 REFERENCE TO THEIR PltOPRIETV or durabilitv. His -cnerali/ation ..i" soeipl phe- 
 irimena nevur reaches so far as to A MORAL POWER, Olt NECESbARV TRUTH in 
 public opinion; but he simply ii<*als with ilie eulh'ud^i' opinions of meii, as manifeijted bv the 
 i'e|)rese)itaiivos, or utlier'.visc c iii^ji'-uoiis iii.lividii.'ds iVoai. or among the pcojih", liy meann of 
 ei'i'taiii c.isy I'lilcN anali'gnus fii ,i,d lit' m, si|b!i'ae!iiin, tiHilliuiieiiiinn and division in arithntetie. 
 HebeliiugswhoUvl.ithe pre.sMiiiime A.ND ^\^\ RE S.VID TO RI'.PRESENT TRADING 
 OR BUSINESS POEI TK.'S, HE (S THE V I.RV IMPERSONATION OP V \RTY IN 
 ITS STRIO'lTvST I'lIA TURES OF KOHMAE I)l?,riPLINE ANDEXCLISI . E COM- 
 BINATION. Ho i-' i.eretyiiiii'.ius, pulile, ri-^ei'.i; 1 in mannei-, very small, and extremely neat 
 in pci'son." 
 
 The history of \ aw Bureirs connection with the Ignited States Bank, and 
 other in:;tilutions dealing in money, will, 1 think, satisfy every candid, inquiring 
 mind, that he is the artful, unprincipled, political calculator, abo.e described — 
 the captain or chief of a band of hypocritical knaves, who assume the garb of 
 democracy, and the name of j)a!.riniti, ti;e better and more eHeclually to deceive, 
 
 I impoverish, and injure the public. 
 
 I If the nader will turn to page 190. he will find by Van Buren's letter, of 
 
 t,'f 
 
 "■::^''^m 
 
 •f.'. 
 
 i 
 
 ',*■.• 
 
 A 
 
hil 
 
 
 74 
 
 VAN BVRBN AND CO. AS CHAMPIONS OP THE U. S. BANK. 
 
 it 
 
 January 31, 1823, that the Albany Argus, which had been in the hands of his 
 brother'in-law, Cantine, was considered by him as the stronghold ot his party, 
 and that he had in it a pecuniary as well as a political interest. " Without a 
 
 PAPER THUS EDITED IN ALBANY, WE MAY HANG OUR HARPS ON THE WILLOWS, 
 
 With it, the party can survive a thousand such convulsions," says Van 
 Buren to his confederate, Jesse Hoyt ;* whom he instructed at the same time, 
 with reference to the qualifications of the new editor to be sought after. Leake, 
 Cantine's partner, was, as Hammond tells us, " in feeble health, and of an ex- 
 tremely nervous temperament ; so much so as quite unfitted him for the politi- 
 cal arena of Albany ;" — but B. F. Butler, Jesse Hoyt, John Duer, and others, 
 persuaded Edwin Croswell, an editor at Catskill, to allow himself to be nomi- 
 nated in the legislature as state printer; and a law passed the senate and 
 assembly, March 31, 1823, appointing Croswell and Leake to that lucrative 
 office, which Croswell has held from that day to this, with the exception of a 
 few brief months of the term when the whigs were in the majority ; and this 
 is a proof that Van Buren's war-cry of rotation in office, is, like his other 
 political machinery, false and hypocritical, in mockery and derision of the un- 
 derstanding of his countrymen. 
 
 Hammond truly describes Croswell as " cool, cautious, and calculating." 
 Peruse his instructions to Noah, sent through Hoyt, No. 129, page 195, how 
 to help forward Crawford, the native candidate, the minority congressional 
 caucus candidate, the United States Bank candidate of 1824. What could be 
 more artful and deceptive 1 B. F. Butler's epistle, perhaps ; written two days 
 before Croswell's, to the same person, and for the same purpose. [No. 51, p. 
 168.] 
 
 We have seen that Butler and his partner, Van Buren, with Campbell, Cros- 
 well, Wright, Hoyt, Noah, Livingston, Barker, Lot Clark, Flagg, Marcy, Skin- 
 ner, Knower, Eaton, Van Ness, Ritchie, Forsyth, Barbour, Holmes of Maine, 
 and Cann.hreleng, were, in 1824, in the front rank of the supporters of W. H. 
 Crawford for President, in opposition to Jackson. In the fall of that year, just 
 before the general election, a series o^" sketches, laudatory of Crawford, and 
 advocating his superior claims to the presidency, over Clay, because, in 1811, 
 and at all other times, he had defended the principle of a national bank, on the 
 ground that it was both useful and constitutional, appeared in the Albany Argus. 
 
 It matters little who wrote the sketches, signed Americanos, and probably 
 penned by B. F. Butler, w)io helped Croswell in the editorial way, in these times, 
 as Flagg and Dix have done in more recent contests ; their importance arises 
 from the facts, ti at they iipjx'ared in the paper of Van Buren, his mouth-piece 
 and property, and were delibtuately endorsed by his editor, as being the senti- 
 ments of Van Buren democracy in 1824. Here is the endorsement by the 
 Argus ; and the editors of tlw National intelligencer (always for the bank) 
 copied it, OcJ. 26 ; gave it their " full concurrence," and in those days announ- 
 ced, that ,??artin Van Buren was a " veteran republican." 
 
 frroiii the Albany Arjius, October lHJ-1 I 
 "Wea.^kihc alttMtion of Republieaiis tu llic sixth nuinbt-r of the Sketches, myt because 
 
 ■ " One of the cnriinn' ''iiliircg nf ri Dotnucriiry is rutation in office, nnd whrrc n man like tlv; Editor of the 
 Ari{ii», hsB for cinf ;('i<ii y.-ri-., we br'lii've, sipaneil th<' cnciriimiis ilircct iin'ome of that nppniiitiiivtit, wllliout 
 r'"fi!r<'lici: to the iMf1ire''t :i'U uitmrcs of his pnliticiil |io>iiion. hf must I)h the br.nii ideal of iiu'iiniies.<i pud avarlci", 
 ill att?tripihi|; i siiowilia; 'le is (nosfriliiil in IiIm reninvsl. If he hns not fed limp eiinuKli at fh'! public crib, 
 th'-n the iloctriii'' of m'ntiun iii i.(fi( " Is iiiitc ilicepiloii. liisiil^ s, the dflire wiis 'iriRlniilly iihiiini d for him by 
 inei»nni-r.< nnil trvkiTy. i was n'riiiimteil hv ii Di'iiuo'rniii' l.eirislature an Slate Priiitrr, hut Van Riiren npprc- 
 hendi'ie that 1 would not answer his ohjerts iind iiiientic.ns, wi Jes«i" Hoyt and other tools at work and dcfeatnd 
 me, ' ml hroilEht II Croswell, ilien •■aiilnc a paper at Catskill, and he was ilecti'd with no other claims than 
 nu',.! subserviency ;.■ the views oiln^- lendir. Croswell's nanir was afterwards incorporated In the Revinod L«wi 
 ■■SH StMe Printer, inf ndlag to confer I'l' nlhce nn Mini f>r life."— .V. .If. .V(xi*-.V, Y. F.vrning .SMr, IfflS. 
 
 i 
 
 It is the last, bi 
 affairs, a pecu] 
 assure hini, thi 
 c( reason and 
 HONEST OJ 
 "lis way is his.' 
 
 I will no^^ 
 uf American^ 
 Seaton copii 
 Van Buren's 
 HONEST c 
 
 [i 
 " It is undaw 
 for various i»ja 
 probable thrat tl 
 cf a majority o 
 politioal, and i 
 mere party gic 
 quciices. All 
 ile«iands. On 
 
 I^JiCLUSIVELY P 
 taFLES, OR ANY 
 
 nectcd with ina 
 AS THE Wl 
 PROBABLY ] 
 .VEW BANK' 
 
 * In February, 1 
 
 H. was unconsutui 
 
 Mr. Monrou, in 
 
 tbat " until the ui 
 
 Rank, otlicnvise t 
 
 induced inu to ron 
 
 the war in Itil."). 
 
 'ir>t instance. I w: 
 
 it'ict one. In the 
 
 In December, l^ 
 
 .1 Ingersol. in the 
 
 iiisinber of the Sc 
 
 witliout any prci u 
 
 1811. Since tliHt 
 
 was Seen tary ol i 
 
 utility of a Hank u 
 
 man, whatever hit 
 
 impressed witli th 
 
 Mr. .Allen, of Oh 
 
 I recollect llial thi 
 
 iiiiiipil d National 
 
 , ihe first Bank ; wl 
 
 i on constitiitn'nal p 
 
 \ Cnurt. with .Inhn : 
 
 'lian all uilh some 
 
 Ceiiiocraiir, w.u [ 
 
 parly triumph, 1 c< 
 
 In Ifiti, in a letti 
 
 Rank charter, iii \f 
 
 ' The Ktt, origin 
 
 eral branches of th 
 
 :uiaual legiKlutive 
 
 "ilh the entire aci 
 
 milled a decreasing 
 
 Miiuiion. A veto 
 
 almost necetslty ol 
 
 precedent)! ainoiinl 
 
 In 1HI9, (he qiu" 
 
■NK. 
 
 le hands of his 
 d of his party, 
 " Without a 
 the willows, 
 Ns," says Van 
 the same time, 
 t after. Leake, 
 , and of an ex- 
 n for the politi- 
 ler, and others, 
 elf to be nomi- 
 the senate and 
 ,o that lucrative 
 exception of a 
 ority ; and this 
 , like his other 
 ision of the un- 
 
 id calculating." 
 , page 195, how 
 ,y congressional 
 What could be 
 ^vritten two days 
 [)se. [ISo. 51, p. 
 
 Campbell, Cros- 
 ;g, Marcy, Skin- 
 ohnes of Maine, 
 orters of W. H. 
 )f that year, just 
 
 Crawford, and 
 (ecause, in 1811, 
 nal bank, on the 
 
 Albany Argus. 
 as, and probably 
 y, in these times, 
 mportance arises 
 
 his mouth-piece 
 j being the senti- 
 [>rs«ment by the 
 for the bank) 
 ixse days announ- 
 
 Jketchcs, iu)l because 
 
 like ilv! Editor of the 
 t nppoiiitiiitiil, without 
 f iiit'iinness riitl avarlci", 
 iin\i|ili at th'! public crib, 
 illy iilriiinxl for him by 
 r, hut Van Rurcn npprf- 
 )ls at work and dcfeain'l 
 h no other clninis than 
 itrd In the Revised L»wi 
 irninjr .Sfnr, 1839. 
 
 REOENCV BANK POLITIC* IM 1824. 
 
 76. 
 
 |tlsthclast,but because it has intrinsic worth, and, In the present posture of our V^'^ j^csl 
 affairs a peculiar interest. In parting with the author, and with his productions, we ''^ o^iy 
 assurc'hini, that IF UNDENIABLE AND COGENT TRUTHS, conveyed in th'^ languags 
 of reason and candor, ably and cleaily a^ it ha.s been in this instajice, CAN CONFIRM 
 HONEST OPINIONS, or remove honest prejudices, the satisfaction of havii ^ ^r^,^ ^^^ i„ 
 •his way iskii." 
 
 I will now give the reader a specimen of the " undeniabP^ ^nd cogent truths " 
 of Americanus in the Albany Argus of Oct., 1824, wl-^,ch Messrs. Gales and 
 Seaton copied on the 11th of that m'^nth ; and wb-^h are calculated, as Mr. 
 Van Buren's cautious, cool, and calculating moutV,»piece tells us, to " confirm 
 HONEST opinions, or remove HQtfifEST pre^'ddices :" 
 
 [Froui the Albany Argui, co'/ed Into the N»*j6iial Int«lU|«ucer, Oct. U, liU] 
 " It is undowbtedly true that a m?,jority of the republican party in the Union were [in 1811], 
 for various I'jasons, opposed to a, renewal of the [United States Bank] Charter ; and it is also 
 probable tl»at the opinions of tiiose who voted in its favor were at variance with the sentimenta 
 cf a majority of the nation. Furfhennorc_, the oppoaition to the bank was, in a great degree, 
 pt'liticial, and many linii members of the dcmocira'dc party deprecated its renewal, either on 
 mere party grounds, or because they viewed it as a measure fraught vnth pernicious conse- 
 quc»ces. All this I cheerfully admit, and surely it is all that the most stubborn impaitiality 
 (le»ands. On the other hand, i r i.s not true that the opposition to the bank bill v<'as 
 
 EOkCLUSIVELY POM rii.AL, OR THAT ITS SCPPORT INVOLVED ANY DERELICTION OP REPUBLICAN PRIN- 
 
 CIPLK8, OK ANY ADANDdNMENT OP TUB ADMINISTRATION. On the contrarv, the subject was con- 
 nected with many grave questions of constitutional law and political economy, AND, SO FAR 
 AS THE WISIU^S OF MR. IVLVDISON WERE CONCERNED, THEY WOULD 
 PROBABLY HAVE BEEN BEST ANSWERED BY THE INCORPORATION OF A 
 NEW BANK* on a judicious bat-is. And if any further evidence Ls required ot the views of 
 
 * In February, IT'Jl, Mi . Jril(.T!»<jii delivered ;iii elaborate oplniou »liow ing that an incorpnraiftl Bank of the U. 
 H. was uncont^ututionnl. 
 
 Mr. Monrou, in u IctH'r to Silas U. Burrows, datwl 3m- W, J831, stntis, that he hiul touml, hiring the last war. 
 ibat "until the union is thr(,'iuene»l with ruin, no lo«ns can be obtained in enienrcMicic. without a National 
 Rtink, otiierwisr than at i' i-reat sficrificu. Those considerations (said lie; led to a thanee in my opinion, and 
 iniluccd me to c onrur vvilU the l»r<'sident in the f>ropriety of instituting such a baiiK, niter the conclusion of 
 the war in Ittlii. As to the lunsiitutional objeot'.on, it formed no serious obstacle. Iii voting against it In thn 
 'ir^l instance, 1 was cciverni.l <'S>eMlially by pc'iicy. 'J"he construction I gave tu the constitution I considered a 
 it'ictone. In the latter inslance it whs more lilHinil, but, accurdinsj to my judgment, justiiieil liy its jwwers." 
 
 In December, 1^:11, \\ ici II. Crnwtbrd. Oambrelenp, Wright and Van Buren's iHvorite in lf^2i. wrote to Chas. 
 ,1. Ingcrsol, in these words :--" The ojjinion which I ibrnied nf the Bank of the Uiiii<il (iuites when I was a 
 iiieuiber of the [Senate, was th.» result of a carcl'ul exaininKlion of the Conslitutiou ol' the I'nitcd Slates, made 
 without any precumeived opiaioiis. That opinion is recorded in two speeches which I maile in the Senate in 
 IHII. Since that time I hftvo ha*! no occa.si()n of reviewin ' the ((uestion. .My opimuti rr^ninins unaltered. I 
 w;is Secntary of the Treasury f-ioro than eight years, and during that tune 1 had ample evidence of the great 
 iiiility of a Bank of the Initi-d States, in managing the fiscal concerns of the Union. I am persuaded that no 
 man, whatever his pre-con'^eived opinion may be. can preside over the treasury a ye.'ir. vvirlumt being deeply 
 iiauiessed with the evpediein.y of the I'nited States Bank ui conducting the tinances of the Union." 
 
 Mr. .Allen, of Ohio, mi iIw II. ot R., Washliiglon, June, 1840, in a discussion on thesubtreasury, said: " When 
 I recollect that thiily-l^^o «f the tliirty-nine franiers of the Constitution, at one time or another, ofticially su»- 
 laiiied J. National Bank, aod ihii almost one-half of the thirty nine uetc In the Congreis of '91 that chartered 
 
 • ho tirst Bank ; when 1 rutoUccl that Washington, and JelTerson, and Madison, and Monrce ; and last, and least 
 til constituUi'nal jioin's, Andrew Jackson himselt, have supported such an Institution, and that the Supreme 
 
 • riurt, with .lohn .Marbbull nt its head, alhrmed it.> constitutionality , and, too, wha", may have nioro intiuenc* 
 '\\An all with some geiiUciiitii al«)ut me, when I recollect th \t the charier of the late Bank was passed as a 
 Heiiiocradc, w.ii iiartv measure, against the votes of the Federal party, and that Its passage was esteemed a 
 party irmniph, I could notdunbt, il so disposed, that we have nplitlully the power to make ii third bank." 
 
 In IKtl, in a letter to ('has. J. Inger.sol, of Pa., President Madison thus states his n-aaons lor signing the U. 8. 
 Punk charter, ui 181i>. 
 
 ' The act, originally establishing the Bank, had niMlergone ample discussions In its passage through the scv- 
 ernl branches of the Cioveriiment. It had licen carriou into execution ihroughont a period of twenty years, with 
 niinual legislative recognitions ; In one insinnce, indeed, with a iiositive raniilicatloii ol it into a new State, and 
 \\ith the entire actiulescenc* of uU the local authorities, as well as the nation at large ; t>i ail of which may be 
 milled a decreasing ^irospecl of any change in the public opinion adverse to the c/insiitutlonallty of such aii In- 
 Miiuoon. A veto from the Executive, under these rlrcuinstances, with an ftdinlssion ol the e.ipediency and 
 almost necessity of the moa.sure, would have he«n a defiance of all the obllgntions derived lYom a course of 
 prccedenlH amounting to the requisite evidence of the national judgment and Intention." 
 
 in ltil9, the question of th<> constitutionality of the Bank of the United Stntes came up for adjudication la 
 
 •••:■ 
 
 W(. 
 
 '■' *', 
 
 M\ 
 
 . ft' 
 
 !i I 
 
 
 Q i 
 
 •|»-. 
 
 '; . 1 
 
•^ :Sl 
 
 76 
 
 DEMOCRACY TWENTY YKAR8 SINCE- 
 
 -' THE BANK FOR EVEr!* 
 
 'i 
 
 
 Jie aaministration, it will be found in the fact that ilie Gecretary of tie Treasury [Albert Galla- 
 dn], when applied tu by the cummittce of the Senate for his opinion, expressly stated, that Ac 
 deemed a rcnciral <>J Ike Ikljik us csxnlndii/ neaaartj to the t-'pcralions oj govcrnmci't, 
 
 " The oppjsitiun to tlie renewal of the bank grew out of \-arious considerations. Many were 
 opp{ : ?ci to the Ujll [of Idl IJ, bccaiud lucij lync of ojpuilon that Congress did not possess the consti- 
 tnUional pmver t.o pass it ; Ouiers, because tliey thou;rht it, for political or other reas<-,'ns, inexpe- 
 dient and dangerous-, and Oiher-j, again, on both grounus. Mnni/ rcpjdiUcnns supported it [I.] 
 because liLcy dctmcci. sioch an iiistitiUion essential t) the ir.icnsts of the countrii, and (Jie coiiveniinre 
 of the guvcinmnut ; an-.l [2.) hicavsc t/iaj iutd /R' dmiils as to the caiittilntiiwaiili/ of the measure. 
 Mr. Crawford was oueof U;e nunibor, perhaps the most proiniiient of the class. EXPERIENCE 
 HAS PROVED THE CORRECTNESS OF THE FIRST POSITION; AND THE 
 PEOPLE, tiirou?(i tlieir repiesentavives, HAVE REf^i'ONDED IN FAVOR OF THE 
 OTHER. 
 
 " In addition to these general views, there were otlier? ci' a special character, which had a 
 bearing on the questicn. Jr. various parts of the Union, public senlinifiit wa.s decidedly in 
 favor of the renewal of the charter ; this was especially ilic case in the smaller Slates, \vho.se 
 interests were supposed, by the advocates of tlie bank, to be somewhat comcrncd in the ques- 
 tion. Her ce, both the republican Senators from Georgia, and many of the republicau repre- 
 sentatives from other small St<itcs, in both Houses, volcd for the bill. And il has never been 
 doubted vhai tlie vote of Mr. Crav.-ford was in iLiici ai;cordance with the opinions and wWies 
 of his constituents. 
 
 " It is well knomi t^uii the experience (f the cainttry, duriiii^' the late lear vilh Urrat lin/ain, 
 wrought a change iy. the feelings of tAc naJiuv, on several important questions of public iwlioy. 
 THE EXPEDIE.\CY OF A NATIONAL n.ANK IS AMONG THE NUMBER; and, 
 whatever opinions may have prevailed in 1811, i; will not derotratc at this time trom the 
 character of Mr. Crawford as :i statesman, to have FORESEEN THE NECESSITY OF 
 PRESERVING THAT ORGAN (tP TIIK GOVERNMENT, AND TO HAVE ANTI- 
 CIPATED, IN THIS RESPECT, THE JUDGMENT OF THE NATION." 
 
 To ihi.s clefoiice u' Cra'A ford anil tho Bank, lliore is a note added, to say that 
 " Mr. Adams was not a nifinber of congits.s at the determination of this que.s- 
 tion [Ibll |. Ilud hn been tliere is the highest reason to believe that he would 
 have voted for tht; renewal of the [U. S. JJank] cliarter. " 
 
 As the Albamj Arrjv.s for l!>:24 is not in the slate library, it is probable that 
 in i,l' the discussions of the bank question since 1S2S, the above strong declara- 
 tion of Van iiuren lor the U. S. Biiuk, has not before been quoted. The Argus 
 atfirms, tlial '' ex|)erience has [)roved " that a national bank is " essential to the 
 interests of the countty and the convenience of the governmeht ;" tliat the 
 people have responded that the bank is constiUitioiuil — tlial the experience of 
 the nation during the lat» war, (through bank suspensions and bank losses,) had 
 changed the national feeling in favor of the expediency of a national bank — and 
 that Crawford's w sdom had enabled him to foresee, what Clay had aot then 
 seen, " the necessity of preserving that organ of the governinent," in which he 
 
 llie Supreme Court nf the I'^-ited States, in Wxf cii.<e of McruUocli vs. i)io State ot" Maryland. The cHUse \\n% 
 elaliorntely arpued. wnd in iIik Suprciiie Court of the U. S. thiuf Justice Marshall delivered the Judtmienl of 
 Ihe court, as tnllouv [■! U'h.'atnn, SIG.] 
 
 " Alter the iiidsi niiiinre driiuer;itinii, it Is the unanirnntu iind decided (i]iinion of thlt court lliat the ncl to 
 InrorporRte n Brink ni iLi' C'.ited SiaU's is ;i Lhw imide In pursuance of tha provisions of the C'oustiUillon, and 
 Is a part of the stiprenii' I.hw ■)[ the Liuid." 
 
 It is siiid by some ihi.l the ,iiiil;;e m Ircislntor. liein? sworn t ) sui)iH)ri the constitution, must support it, ac- 
 cordins; to the nieiuiint; he iiiiiy suppo-e it to )iHve. without rcKfinl to other ineu's opinions or Ihe decisions of 
 cunri!'. " Has the wisest iiiiil most con^^cieiitiuu-! judji'- (■'Hys Mr. Midisun) ever KCriipled to iicfjuiosco In deci- 
 sions in which he has 1 een (>virrn!cd hy the iiiiviured o|iiuicinJ of the majority of hi>< collunEues ; nnd siil)9e- 
 qiiently to contiirin hiio'^i'lf thereto, lis to iiuihoritiitive e.xposiiions of the l.iw 1" Mr. Taney set up his opioioa 
 apninst the law of Coniiress, successive presidents, and tlie unanimous decision of the supreme court o/ the 
 L'niitd Suucs. i or ^u duini,' ho wui iQ.ilu ihu chief justice ul ilwt court I 
 
 had " antic! 
 
 Crawford in 
 
 U. S. Bank i 
 
 on the 30th 
 
 that he desii 
 
 — that he hs 
 
 venue — tha 
 
 weekly in tl 
 
 the hands o 
 
 state (^depo 
 
 down, but V 
 
 the U. S. B 
 
 proved, and 
 
 troyed, and 
 
 stock of thi 
 
 the new cl 
 
 such other 
 
 the bank ar 
 
 the bank fo 
 
 United 8ta1 
 
 as seven m 
 
 (whose cas 
 
 had thirtet 
 
 better cum 
 
 Bank by Hi 
 
 Ail this 
 
 for Preside 
 
 and down 
 
 without e\ 
 
 * Van liiiror 
 IJ. S., fJeneral 
 ford's bill to re 
 (p. B5). •■ Mr. 
 
 It is very pn 
 fnl and aspirin 
 the U. S. Hani 
 randidalo for t 
 a sironc nniip! 
 vide anioiiL' lli 
 
 In his inos<n 
 
 " If a .N.itioi 
 Tt TIO.N as il 
 It h'ls Iwen rec 
 amendiiieni ot 
 nil (ioverniuei 
 step in tho nia 
 lilllB value as 
 InlerpreLitioii 
 iibly the (Vise, 
 uim to Hiich .1 
 
 In hit letter 
 
 "The const 
 point of Mr. .f 
 lion which im 
 fact, that the 
 upon any pre 
 tfnited Suites 
 proofs by ovoi 
 hostility e.\ist 
 hensions, Iha 
 mittht, In n cr 
 
 The deniiKi 
 
 pounded, amc 
 
 Van Buren re 
 
 " Th« qw«» 
 
•n 
 
 t EVER. 
 
 3ury [Albert Oalla. 
 ;;st.ly staled, that, kn 
 imcnl. 
 
 ions. Many were 
 i<t posse.v. the cmsti- 
 cr reasons, inexpe- 
 ins supported it [1.] 
 and llir coiivenivnfe 
 "ity of thf. measure. 
 EXPERIENCE 
 ON; AND THE 
 AVOR OP THE 
 
 acter, which had a 
 It was decidedly in 
 nailer .'Slale>, whoM: 
 '•erned in the queii- 
 j repiihticau repre- 
 (i ii has nc\'er been 
 ipiiiiDiis anil wishes 
 
 vil.k iirrat Vntain, 
 
 ns of public, jK)licy. 
 
 : .NUMBER; and, 
 
 thus t)ine fruin the 
 
 NECESSITY OF 
 
 TO HAVE ANTl- 
 
 'lON." 
 
 dded, to say that 
 ion of this ques- 
 ve that he would 
 
 . is probable that 
 e strong declara- 
 ted. The Argus 
 " essential to the 
 melit ;" that the 
 Iho experience ot' 
 baiik losses,) had 
 tiunal bank— and 
 ay had cot then 
 'lit," in which he 
 
 ■yliind. The cHUNe wm 
 vercil the Juil).'uicnt of 
 
 111 court tliiit ilie net to 
 o( the C'oustitiulon, anil 
 
 m, must support it, ac- 
 iliinii or the decision* of 
 ed I.) acquiesce in deci- 
 (•oliuaEUP^ ; nnd siibse- 
 iiiicy set up his opinion 
 I auprcuie court 0/ tha 
 
 VAX BUREN, CRAWFORD, GALLATIN, AND THE BANK. 
 
 77 
 
 had " anticipated the judsjitiont of the niition." The Argus ii(.t only endorsed 
 Crawford in the fall of isi 1, but also the U. S. Ban'.v charterof ISltJ, and the old 
 U. S. Bank and its renewal in 1811 — and Albert Gallatin was oloiitit-d for having, 
 on the 30th of January that year, resi)oiuled to W. H. Crawford's note of the 2yth, 
 that he desired to see the bank renewed — that the banking sysli'in was lirnily fixed 
 — that he had found banks necessary to the collection and safe-keeping of the re- 
 venue — that it was self-evident that ihf public moneys were safer wh<»n deposited 
 weekly in the banks, than when allowed (sublreasuiy fasiiiou) to accumulate in 
 the bands of collectors (as Ifoyt and Swarlwout have since dHmonslrated) — that 
 state (deposit or pet) banks would have to be used, if the L. S. Bunk was put 
 down, but would be less safe and convenient — that the government could control 
 the U. S. Bank, but not the state banks — and thai a system w Inch had been tried, 
 proved, and found to work well and safely for the puolic, shoald not be des- 
 troyed, and an experiment evidently less advantageous, substituted — that as the 
 stock of the bank was partly owned by fureigners, provisions \mr:hi be made ia 
 the new charter, giving that portion of the capital to new stockbolders, and 
 such other modifications as Congi-ess might desire to make — that he believed 
 the bank and its bi-ancbes to be constitutional — and that as the merchants owed 
 the bank fourteen millions, and ten or twelve more on bonds for duties to the 
 United States, as trade had been unfavorable, and many losses met with abroad, 
 as seven millions would be payable to loreign stockholders, if the bank stopped 
 (whose cash would not lie idle whether it were peace or war), and as the bank 
 had thirteen millions of its paper afloat, which would t ot be succeeded by a 
 better currency in the notes of the stati- banks, he [Gallatin] thousjht the U. S. 
 Bank by li\r the best of the only alternatives lu; knew or had heard of. 
 
 for 
 and 
 
 All this Van Buren and his confederates believed in, in )S24 ; and Crawford 
 : President, Gallatin for \'ice President, and a national bank and branches, 
 d dow^n with Jackson I was the party cry. How changed in 1328-9 ! and 
 
 without even a shadow of reason I !* 
 
 * Van Uiiron'H olficinl hioKrar'-T, Uollam), (ells us that on tho 2<)ih of FpU., ISll, '.he Vice President of tlie 
 I'. S., General Gt'orije (linton, s iled tho fnte of the oh! V. S. lliink liy ffivina his cMstintr vo;o apiiinsl Craw- 
 ford's bill to reii';\v ii> churter — d iliiit this vole " WHS warmly ilcleiiik'd mid juatiliod iiy Jlr. Van Buraa." 
 (p. 85). " Mr. Van lUiriMi ardi'iitiy and vicMrnu^ty sustiined tliis Imld a( t (if putri.itism." 
 
 It is very prnlnld'' th'ii Van Bnrcn \; as oppusrd tn tlio P. S. Riiv.k in IHll. tor lie w.is nt that time a respect- 
 I'nl nnd Rspiriiiu' fullnwer or supporter <>rtlm <Miril>i!i I'lmily IIp rvis jii-l i-. strong and vlsoroiis on behalf of 
 tlie U. S. Hanit in Iriii'., wiieii .Madison .•<j)!nnd the 'Jd rliarler — and in 1S24, when Crriwlrrd \\:\» his favorita 
 randldato lor the presidi nry, liecaii^o tie liad lierii a roiiiistent Irii-nd of a nalliir.ul hmk. In It'iO he professed 
 a sironB anlipithy to (A/- llaiik— lint It w.is mily witli ilio \'w\\ ih;;t his coiifederatcj and partisdn* might di- 
 vide anioni: tiiiMii iii.'rc vrc'irrly, many iiiiliiiins fif pnlilir plundor. 
 
 In his niossaeo nl l)i>r ,"1. IS.II). Vmm Ituri'ii riri'^oiis i!!ms : 
 
 •• Ifa .N.itional Hank was, AS IS UNDIC.MAISI.K. i'lilHATCn BV THE ITvA.MSRS OF THE CONSTI. 
 TITION as ini'oiii|>Hiil>lc wiili Uii- richts oi die St'ii.. . ml tin; llbortios of the people : ii". from tha beginning, 
 it h'l? Iiecn rre.irdcd Ijy larw portion'; of niir rlti^ons as comiiip in direct cnUi/ion '.vith th<'. ere it and vital 
 aniendmenl of thi; coiistiliilion. which dccl ires that all powers not cnnforri'd liy that instrument on the Gene- 
 ral (iovernment ,ire ro.scrvcil to the State? and to the people ; if it lias been viewed by ihciii as the first jireat 
 sit'p in tlie march of l.ititndiiion- ri.nsliiKtiini. wliii ;i, inulu'iked. would render thai racicd instriiinent of as 
 lillie value as an uiiurUtra coii>,itution. (I('prndei;l. as it vvi.uld alone bo, ior Us raeanin;:, on the interested 
 inlerprei;itioii of a dominant party, ani :ilf irditiu' no security to the rights of tho miuorltv ;— if ar.ch is undeni- 
 ably the case, wlin! rational Br.ninds could liivo liein conceived for anticipating aught tat determined opposi- 
 tion to sucli ,in iiistlliuioii ai tlio pre.itntday ! " 
 
 In his ietler to Slicrrml Williain-, An:; i'','l>3ti, )w sa\ ■: . 
 
 "The constitution doc not pive ('om;rcs : power lo erect corpor'xt'.oni within tho states. This was the nisLa 
 IKiint of Mr. Jctlerson's celebruu-d opinion asalnst the establishment of the first National B;.r.k. [t is an olijcc 
 lion which iioiliiiii; short of an ameiidmeiil to the constinr.ion can remove. Wo l<now it to be an historlcni 
 tact that the convention reluscd to confer tliat power on Congress, and I am oppoiod to its assumpilnn by it 
 noon any pretence wliatevcr. I hold it t.i be sufliriently cert lin that avast majiirity of the people of th« 
 iJnlted States were opixised to the late Bank, and are equally opposed to a new one. They have had fetirftU 
 proofs by overt acts of the correctness of AIr..letrerson's opinion, that ' tliis institution is one' of tlie most deadly 
 liostility e.xislinp against the principles and I'c.rm of oiir consiiiiitioii ;' and of the reasoiiablcMess of his appre- 
 hensions, that •pon"tritin<; liy its branches every pii; of the Union, acting by comi:::'.ii'l, and in phalanx, It 
 minht. In a. critical moment, upset the govirnment.' " 
 
 The dennxralic party held a state convention in Indiana, some lime during the winter of 1842-3, and pro- 
 pounded, among other questions, to presidential cRndidates, the query. Are you for or against a national bank! 
 Van Buren replied from KInderhoott, Feb. IS, 1843, in this way : 
 
 " Th« qiMitloD ot a National Bank is itlU before the people, and will continue to be so, so long as avarice and 
 
 
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 78 VAN BUREN AND CO. JUMP JIM CROW. * DOWN WITH THE MONSTER !* 
 
 In 1824, Crawford and a national bank were Thomas Ritchie's watchwords ; 
 but the moment that he and Van Buren, and Flagg, and Noah, and Croswell, 
 and Marcy, pious Ben. Butler, Knower, and Wright, and their Swiss comrades, 
 found that Jacltson had the most votes, they prepared to worship the rising sun 
 — and the mercenary presses which, in 1S24, had assured us that Crawfora, the 
 champion of national banks, was the wisest man in the Union, turned round in 
 1828 to glonify Gen. Jackson, whose great achievement, if elected, would be 
 to slay ' THE MONSTER,' hand over the treasury to the Washington and Warren 
 Safety Fund Bankers, and give us a bank bankruptcy, a specie circular, the 
 public lands gutted by Van Buren, Wright, Butler & Co., as a land company, 
 with a sub-treas».r}, and Isaac Hill, Stephen Allen, Jesse Hoyt & Co., for our 
 sub-treasurers !** 
 
 ambition see In it the means of (trntlfyine the love of money and the love of power. FT IS ONE OP THE 
 GREAT LEADI.NG MliAsURES OF A PARTY WHICH WILL NEVER BE EXTINCT IN THIS COUN- 
 TRY. It is eBsenlliil to tho acquisition, as well as to the preservation of its power, and will never lie relln- 
 rjuished while there exists :i hope of its nttainment. I am opposed to the establishment of a National Bank 
 in any form, or under nny di!<eiii;e. both on constitutional grounds iind grounds ot'exiicdiency. THE POWER 
 TO CREATE SUCH AN INSTITUTION HAS NOT BEKN GIVEN TO CONGRi:S.S BY THE CONSTITU 
 TION. NEITHER IS IT NECESSARY TO THE EXERCISE OF ANY OF THE POWERS WHICH 
 \RE GR.\NTED ; and if exerci:ied, would he, as it always has been, highly injurious to the public welfare. 
 1 am not one of those who believe thiit the long cherished project of rc-estublishlng a National Bank is, or ever 
 will Ix) ahandiined by thit piirty which always has t>een. still is, and ever will be the advocate and support ol' 
 such an institution. It umy lie dormant for a season, from a conviction of its being inex)iedient to revive It : 
 but lie must be blind to all indications of the future, who, seeing that oven at the very pericxl whtn iJte olibank 
 teas ii\fecUng the very air jce breathed vcith its corruptions, and when public indiguailuu was most livaviiy 
 weighing oil its lona merles of dflir.quencie.'' — at that very moment, a successful iffort was made t?i botK houset 
 of Congress to ere.nie a aimilar iiistitution. should nevertheless lull his caution to sleep with the delusive idea 
 that the project will rvtr I'e abiinjone*!. Most assuredly nothing but the stern vigilance of the democracy will 
 guard it against an Insiitiuion which may thus be prostituted to the ruin of Individuala, the disgrace of the 
 country, and which, whdc ho limi'ed in its power to do good, is so potent for the perpetration of evil." 
 
 In the above declared opinions. Van Buren tells the public, that it " is undeniable " that a national bank 
 was '• repudiated by the I'laniers of the constitution" — that " the constitution docs not give congress the power 
 to erect corporations within the states .... the convention refused to confer that power on congress"— that 
 Ois Jefl^rson said), '' thi.i Institution is one of the most deadly hostility existing against the principles and form 
 of our constitution"— and " that the old iMink was infecting the very air we breathed with Its corruptions," 
 la 1834 he sent, as a toast, to a 4th of July celebration at Fredericksburgh, " Unqualified and uncoiiniromlilng 
 opposition to the Bank of the United States— the interest and honor of the people demand It." 
 
 * I am !io champion of national banks, composed of private stockholders. If we must have 
 T.-'per, let it be the i lomises to pay of the nation, and let the nation liave the profit of the 
 i*sues; and if thTe is not national uprightness enough to manage an uniform rurrencvof na- 
 tional paper, let us have specie. Clay and Webster asked Forsvth, Cainhielfnp, Wright, 
 Van Buren, and their wortnless allies, m 1834, to say what better system they were to build 
 up, if tliey pulled down tlie national bank and removed the deposits. The party answer, in 
 Congress, in the Globe, in die Argus, everjrwhere, was — " We go for the pets, butuo sub-trea- 
 sury." Thus far, Clay and Webster were right— the change was ruinous to commerce, to the 
 public morals, to we-stcm settlers, to the -widow and the orphan. Clay proposed the extraordi- 
 nary, and, as I think, too sweeping measure of the Bankrupt Law of 1841 ; but it was the 
 unprincipled profligacy of Van Buren, Wright, Butler, and their comrades, between 1828 
 .-ind 1840, that secured the pa.ssage and sponging operation of that law. Hisriry tells us that 
 originally the republicms stoutly resi.sted the introduction of paper money by the federalists; 
 but, under Van l}uren and his Swiss allies, the democrats have far outstripped their old oppo- 
 neiu.s in t;pre;iding corporations over the land — corporations evidently too potent for evil,wnat- 
 over of good may proceed from them. 
 
 Hearken to Van Buren, Flagg, Wright, and Croswell. This is their language to the de- 
 mocrats of 182-1 : 
 
 [From the National Advocate, of May 15, 1824.] 
 
 "The General fjackson] preferring Monroe to Madison, because the <brmer could stand 
 blood and carnage tetter ; his recommendation of military men generally to office ; his avowal 
 liiat he would have l>ent the laws to suit his purposes, and hanged Cabot, Otis, and Lyman, of 
 the Haj-iford Convention, probably including their respectable secretar}' ; all exhibits a FE- 
 ROCIOUS (llsposUioii, trammelled by no constitutional or legal barriKTS; checked by no humane 
 or just considerations. It is out of the question, out of all reason, to think of him even for a 
 moment for president." — M. M. Noah. 
 
 The editor of the Albany Argus, May 25th, 1824, thus spoke of General Jackson and his 
 opinions: — " This most artful scheme for the destruction of the republican party [by the elec- 
 non of Jackson]— as secretly as it has been permitted to operate — as smoothly as it has beer 
 ^ilas&sd over— and in as fine phraees as it is now given to the world~-is fully understood. Re- 
 
 I 
 
 VAN 
 
 It is a wel 
 Butler, and 
 polite and r 
 utterly unpr 
 might be loc 
 warmly rec« 
 bank paper, 
 tionality of 
 asked that a 
 impossible n 
 tempt for th( 
 a pretended 
 plained, and 
 
 publicans in ll 
 <iiscover the fu 
 lendetl to accoi 
 first to condem 
 Holland's I 
 rredited fur tr 
 ren plainly fo 
 struggled from 
 -litutions of hi 
 have playeil a 
 
 " The coursi 
 party men. \ 
 will everywlit 
 TKiNKs wliich 
 
 " They [Jm 
 known to fiuve 
 and yet, in T 
 the people, an 
 diityol every 
 prot'cssion ; Ji 
 THIi PROS' 
 (sts of the pcoi 
 aiipointed, un 
 
 •Thefollowi 
 directors, for :i ? 
 
 " To the Dire 
 selves and theii 
 and Western C 
 prndnre brough 
 to this IS added 
 |)arts of Ponnsy 
 of business whi 
 tenance and su 
 lions, is entirel 
 would warrant 
 the extension o 
 us, from a knov 
 it for the proses 
 active, inU'iiigc 
 in the lieni-fits c 
 of this State. ' 
 with t»ntali7.ei 
 for the want of 
 purchased hert 
 foreign market 
 interior of the t 
 the importing i 
 the eitabliahmi 
 ia hoped this n| 
 of Albany tab 
 
; monster!* 
 
 watchwords ; 
 
 and Croswell, 
 wiss comrades, 
 > the rising sun 
 t Crawford, the 
 urned round in 
 cted, would be 
 )n and Warren 
 e circular, the 
 land company, 
 & Co., for our 
 
 T IS ONE OP THE 
 r IN THIS COUN. 
 
 will never be wlln- 
 of n National Bunk 
 hey. THE POVVER 
 VTHE CONSTITr 
 
 POWERS WHICH 
 u the pulillc welfare, 
 ional Bank is, or ever 
 .ociite nnd support of 
 IH-'iiient to revive it ; 
 icxl whtn the oli bank 
 )ti was most lii;avily 
 t madf in both houaff 
 Itli tlie ileliisive idea 
 f the democracy will 
 I, the disgrace of the 
 ition of evil." 
 ;hut a national bank 
 'e congress the power 
 r on rongrens"— that 
 e principles and form 
 with its lorrupiions." 
 and uncoiii',iroinlstiur 
 it." 
 
 If we must have 
 e die profit of the 
 TO currencv of na- 
 nhrelenfr. Wright, 
 hey were to build 
 3 party answer, in 
 s, but no sub-u-ea- 
 a commerce, to the 
 )sed the extraordi- 
 [ ; but it was the 
 les, between 1838 
 istiry tells us thai 
 by the federalists ; 
 ed their old oppo- 
 tent for evil.what- 
 
 nguage to the de- 
 
 rmer could stand 
 )ftice ; his avowal 
 is, and Lyman, of 
 II exhibits a FE- 
 ked by no humane 
 f him even for a 
 
 Jackson and bis 
 jarty [by Uie elec- 
 ly as it has beer 
 understood. Be- 
 
 VAN BUREN, MARCY AND BUTLER BESRECITING NIC. BIDDLE. 
 
 79 
 
 It is a well known fact, that in 182G, M. Van Buren, W. L. Marcy, B. P 
 Butler, and Charles E. Dudley, all of them residing in Albany, signed a very 
 polite and respectful memorial, (which has been often published to show how 
 utterly unprincipled they are,) asking that a branch bank of the U. S. Bank, 
 might be located in Albany ; Van Buren addressed a letter to Nicholas Biddle, 
 warmly recommending the measure ; and the Albany Argus, then a national 
 bank paper, urged the claims of the memorialists, and conceded the constitu- 
 tionality of branch banks. General Juckson, with almost equal consistency, 
 asked that a branch might be located in Florida, when governor there. It is 
 impossible not to see that Van Buren and his cabal must feel the utmost con- 
 tempt for the intelligence of their countrymen, when they thus mock them with 
 a pretended affection for a constitution which means anything, as by them ex- 
 plained, and can be applied to any and every purpose, however contradictory.* 
 
 puMirans in this slate, wliPthcr tlip friends of Mr. Adams, of Mr. Clay, or of Mr. Crawford, 
 discover the full extent of it — tlie hcjpcs it in intemled to encourage, and the de.sign-s it is in- 
 tended to accomplish. T/inj will Iw the last to find an apology for it, as they have been the 
 first to condemn it." 
 
 Hollaiul's Life, whii'h I puichasfd in Steele's store, Albany, ten years ago, and foolishly 
 credited for truth, tells iis, p;i;r<- ;{i'.*, thai, " in the election of General Jackson, Mr. Van Bu- 
 ren plainly foresaw that he siioiild \^itness the triiiniph of those principles for which he had 
 struggled frcvn his earliesl ypars.'' What a mocker and .sroffer at honesty, liberty, and the in- 
 .sliiutions of his native land, this Van Hiircn imisi be! Had he choseii the stage, he could 
 have playetl any part well, but that <it' an lionest man. 
 
 iFrom the Albany Argus, May f, Ifi'il.) 
 " The fintrse adiiplxl Inj Mr. J{1'-/.siih. /.< Foon A\n raimkvt to tiif, PKprnAr.isTs and (he no- 
 jmrly men. It is pleasant to all who strive for the destruction of tlie democratic party. Theij 
 will everywhere applaud it, as they have preached it; and will mui^nify the author of DOo 
 TRiNKs wliich are so well intended for t/wir .service.'' 
 
 [From the Alhnny ArijiiiJ, 3lst Aii(!ii?t, 18-24.1 
 " They [Jackson's sunporters] profes.s to be rcpuhliidns, and vet they support a man who is 
 known to have l»ni ALWAYS A FKDKRA LIST— they profess' to be the friends of the people, 
 and yet, in Tennessm-, as in New York, they haw; always resisted the equal and just rights ol 
 the people, and the extension of those privilesfs which are most V!i'"able to them. It is the 
 duty ol every republican to expose these contradictions and incon -^lencies of conduct and 
 profession ; and, as far aspussible, counteract the piirposcsihov are intended to answer, namely, 
 THK PROSTUATIO.N OK 'I'EIH \\VAnmUV.\'S \'k{n'\ ,tli,' s^iifneni.m of therealinter- 
 tsts ojth- pcopU, AND THE IILEVATION UF 'VHE OLI> AlUSTOCRACY, and the du- 
 appointed, uneasy men nj nil pu/tits.' 
 
 *The fcillowin)! is a trin' tc)py nf the petitidrt i.f M V. Buren and .ithcrs to .N'irholas Biddle and his brother 
 ilirerlors, fur u slice from the uncnnstilulioniil Imif. 
 
 "To the liiri'ciciis of the Bunk iif the Tnitcd Htutes • The ineniorinl of the subscrlhers, in behalf of tham- 
 selves and their fellow citizens of Alliuny, respectlully showeih— That, since the completion of the Nortliern 
 and Western CannU of this State, such facilities are iiiveri to transportation, that the quantities of country 
 produce brought to this market from the interior of tills State are Increased to an immense amount, and wheu 
 to this IK added the produce which will Ih> lirought to this market from the fertile regions of the northweitern 
 imrts of Pennsylvania, the State of Dhio, and the Territory of .Michigan, some idea may be formed of the amount 
 of business which might lie done in this i)lH(e. was there u sufficient monied capital located here, to give coun- 
 tenance and support to commercial enterprise. The capital of the iianks located here, under stale Incorpora- 
 tions, is entirely insuflicient to atliird those lacililies to commercial enterprise which the business of the place 
 would warrant, and which the most cautious pruilenco would justify. The limited capital of our banks forbids 
 the e.xtension of our trade. Merchiints tjf moderate fortune arr discouraged from taking up their abode amongst 
 us, from a knowledge that the hanking capital of the nliire is inadeiiaate to the demands which are made upon 
 it for the prosecuting of !i sufficiently extensive business to render it profitable ; and instances are not vvantingof 
 active, intelligent anil enterprising merchants removing from this pluce to the city of New York, to participate 
 In the lienefits of an increased banking capital, tho' their business has principally been continued with the interior 
 ofthls JL-tftte. The western world is (Hiuring its treiisures into the market of .\lbaiiy, hut its citizens are doomed, 
 with tantalized feelings, to behold a rich and prolii.ihle trade float yuxsl them to the city of New York, solely 
 for the want of a sufficient barking capital loc.ited amongst them, t'ould the produce brought to this place be 
 purctiased Iiere, such portion im U not wanted for home consumption might be exported directly from here to a 
 foreign market, (ax far as the navigation of the Hudson would iiermlt,) and return cargoes, calculated for the 
 Interior of the country, might t,e lm)Mirte<l, without the exiiense of trnnH-shipment at New York, or the proflu uf 
 the importing merchoni there. These considerations have induced the citizens of Albany once more to ask for 
 the establishment of D Branch or office of discount and de|ioslt of the Bunk of the United States in this cUy. It 
 is hoped tills application will be favorably received, aa the same causes which render it desirable to the dtizeaa 
 of Albany to have a Branch ef the United States Bank establisbed here, coDclutlveiy show tliat it weuUl b« K 
 
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 80 
 
 RIOHARD D. DAVIS ON MARTIN VAN BUREN. 
 
 So late as January 3, 1828, tho Regency liaJ not matured their grand safety. 
 fund humbug. The Albany Argus of that date " commends to the perusal of 
 all candid men," a Utter to Mr. Walsh of the National Gazette, of Dec. 27, 
 1827, disapproving of " the singular and impolitic proposition of Mr. Barboui 
 
 to sell the shares owned by government in the U. S. Bank You will 
 
 rejoice at the final vote on the motion of Mr. Barbour : . . . there was no ap- 
 prehension here, at any momint, that the resolution would be adopted ; but 
 there was an apprehension tliat the mere proposition would have an injurious 
 effect upon the public pecuniary concerns of the nation ; and there was, there- 
 fore, a determination to put the rjueslion at rest as soon as possible." 
 
 CHAPTER XIX 
 
 Richard D, Dans on Van Burev\^ PoUc.ij. — Il'is lugratUude towards General 
 Pitcher. — Southicirk v.p for Governor. — Van liuren entraps Kochestery and 
 the Argus goes for Clay and Adams. — Van liuren, King, and the Albany Post 
 Office. — Kendall looking ahead. — The .Tar.'^.'ion Campaign. — Isaac Hill on 
 J. Q. Mams. 
 
 RlCHAKD D. Davis, of Poughkeopsie, an anti-whig member of the last Con- 
 gress for Dutchess county, was an early supporter of Jackson and op)X)nent of 
 Crawford, Butler and \'an Biiren. lie was next a warm admirer of Calhoun, 
 and upheld the Telegraph. Callioun's course on nullification displeased him, and 
 drove him round to Van Buren's camp. In 1810 and 1844, he gave Van Buren a 
 powerful support, for he is energetic and eloquent. I think he is not at present 
 very partial, either to Polk, Texas, or the extension of the area of slavery. 
 
 In Van Buren's letters to Hoyt, JNos. 16:3 and 165, page 207, he tells 
 him that a certain zealous Jackson man could not then be removed without 
 danger, and that Westervelt had sav(;d the Albany Regency at the nominating 
 convention of 1S2S, by throwing Governor Pitcher overboard, and setting up 
 Throop. A letter of R. I). Davis, addressed to General Jackson, from Pough- 
 keepsie, April 15th, 18.31, throws a very clear light on Van Buren's policy. It 
 was first published in the Washington Telegraph. After telling General Jackson 
 that Mr. Van Kleeck, P. !M. at Poughkeepsie, was one of tho.se " rascally po.st- 
 masters" who were for him and Clinton, when Van Buren was the enemy of 
 both, he adds that his removal was threatened l)ecaus(> he had not been a Buck- 
 tail. He then describes Van Buren's policy, in the.se words: 
 
 "That policy .nnd that ilistiiK'iioii, w.'is in niiilcc a (linoreinc lunwcen those of your friends 
 who had been Glintoni.-tns and those who hud been ihe tools ami nilhcroiitsot'Mr. Van Buren— 
 to persecute, oppress, uiiJ insult the lui iiiri', atid to a>;>,'rnn(iizi.', proinote, ami favor the latter, 
 Ah a memorable example of this. I need imt iiicniidn thf ;«!usciii)iion ol'Cieiieral Pitcher. The 
 Herkimer Convention, which nominated Mr. V^un FinriTi for (iovciiior, and of which I was a 
 memlier as one of tiie Di'!.'i,'iiti's iVoin ihi^ couniv, hin in^;-, IJ^' (iRKAT PREVIOUS 
 MANAGKMEN']', heen uiiute to einhraci' u biin- iiiujoriiv of those under (he influence of, oi 
 who were the personal adherents of Mr. Van Kuivn, in iJie lultilhnent and furtherance of ihut 
 
 Sdurce of profit to th" pnrPiit iiislimli>n. Imliivl, it \.* l)i'Iii vod Mint n luamli li"ic would lir mnr(> prnfilal)lc in 
 rclVrpiicn to III!' t'.\lf>Mt ()i hiisiiii'SK doiif, lliiin si'vciiil ofllh' liraiichr:* Incatoil in !-;a |>oit towiiF. Tin? locAl slluii 
 tion 111" Alliniiy renders it nil entri jm lieluei n the lOasicni Snit' s nud llie We-lcni ('niiiiiie.-' ; In twecn the Soulli 
 and the Nortli, and e(ii\.xi'i|ui nily a veiy hm nslve einniicy would lie jiiveii Id Id" lilils issued froai u brunch 
 hpffi, nnrt tlie nature of tlie unde wliiili wmild he iiiufjiruted here, w 'uld in n cnnl nii'iisiire render the bill!' of n 
 Brniich (!.'<tablli>hcd in llila pince the rirnilalinc iiu dunii of tlic evu'nsivi: re|;iiiii!i \v)io-e iiroduco would bo brought 
 |i> market. IiiiibiikicIi, llieirlbre, ns the estaldislmiMit ol'n llrniicli lieie would not only he lili:hly odvantiseoiiK 
 to thin city, but a snurce ot profit to the parent Initiltiiiicni, wc liope timt thu director!) of the Uniied Statei Bank 
 will t^tablitih an office of dii^count and dtpoeit ui this pUit^ 
 
 tSigned) AI. V BL'UE.N, B. F, BUTLER, W. L. MARCY, aud oiheM. 
 
 Albany.JulylO, 1890." 
 
 VAI 
 
 policy refuse 
 
 expected and 
 
 had never bee 
 
 Clinton, the g 
 
 aa eqaal and 
 
 honorable op 
 
 Pitcher was j 
 
 Burea and hi 
 
 in the event t 
 
 the cabinet, G 
 
 pies. His gr 
 
 and tlie certai 
 
 caased the fac 
 
 body of the R 
 
 protection ag 
 
 merit, and th( 
 
 such signal a 
 
 justice to Get 
 
 the State that 
 
 and adhered t 
 
 your own pe 
 
 "from an entir 
 
 driven by the 
 
 fied with that 
 
 literally over 
 
 mere majorit 
 
 advantage wl 
 
 now to renev 
 
 avoid being ( 
 
 reaping the r 
 
 eleventh hou 
 
 thase who be 
 
 lence and o] 
 
 obtained." . 
 
 from the ren 
 
 Government, 
 
 of Mr. Van 
 
 but they shal 
 
 I have 1 
 a candidat 
 secure his 
 in another 
 made by h 
 tion is snei 
 receive tb 
 are perfor 
 friends of 
 chance to 
 page 205, 
 will be lar 
 sidered it 
 when Sou 
 
 ♦ Solomo 
 Printer, ant 
 — acquired 
 although he 
 appointed P 
 to tell, in Jc" 
 State inaolv 
 same office, 
 —he waa tt 
 
■"4 
 
 I. 
 
 thoir grand safety- 
 s to the perusal of 
 zette, of Dec. 27, 
 on of Mr. Barbour 
 .... You will 
 there was no ap- 
 d be adopted ; but 
 have an injurious 
 there was, there- 
 ssible." 
 
 e towards General 
 ps Rochester, and 
 nd the Albany Post 
 n. — Isaac Itill on 
 
 f^r of the last Con- 
 \ and opi>onent of 
 mirer of Calhoun, 
 lispleased him, and 
 > gave Van Buren a 
 le is not at present 
 lea of slavery. 
 )age 207, he tells 
 ■ removed without 
 ' at the nominating 
 rd, and setting up 
 kson, from Pough- 
 iuren's policy. It 
 ig General Jackson 
 osc " rascally po.st- 
 rt as the enemy of 
 1 not boon a Buck- 
 
 thoso of your friends 
 i of Mr. Van Buren— 
 ■, atiil favor the latter, 
 I't'iieral Pitcher. The 
 niid of wliirh I was a 
 
 i{i;at previous 
 
 r the influt'iice of, oi 
 d lurthorance of that 
 
 Mild he ninrc! profitable in 
 towiiF. Th(' local giiua 
 Hies ; iMlwocn the Soul li 
 ills isstii'il from u brunch 
 ►lire rtndrr tlie blllfsnf n 
 roiliicc would bo brou(;lit 
 liu lili:hly odvantageouN 
 ' (lie Unliad Staiei Bunk 
 
 MARCy, aud oiheM. 
 
 VAN BUREN SAVED BY WESTERVELT. GENERAL N. PITCHER. 
 
 81 
 
 policy refused to nominate General Pitcher for llie office of Lieut. Governor, when it was 
 expected and wished by nine-tenths of your friends that he should liave been. Gen. Pitcher 
 had never been a Clintonian, but had been a uniform Bucktail ; and when, by the demise of Mr. 
 Clinton, the government of the state devolved upon him, his administration was conducted in 
 an equal and impartial manner towards all your friends, end distingui'>heil by a firm and 
 honorable opposition to the policy which it was Mr. Van Buren's inieutioa to enforce. Gen. 
 Pitcher was proscribed and prostrated by the agency, management, and influence of Mr. Van 
 Buren and his personal adherents, for the above reasons, aiidtjecause it u as well known that, 
 in the event then contemplated, and now consummated, of Mr. Van Buren's being called into 
 the cabinet. Gen. Pitcher would have continued to act on the same liberal and honest princi- 
 ples. His great zeal and valued .services in your .support, his popularity throughout the State, 
 and tlie certain injury to your cause by the absence of his name from our ticlcet, had indeed 
 caased the faction of which I am complaining, to conceal their dark design;; from the great 
 body of the Republican party until the moment of their execution; but they afforded him no 
 protection aganist the vengeance of those who hold subservienev to tlieir views as the only 
 merit, and the refusal of it as the only and the inexpiable offence. iNo other single act was of 
 such signal and lamentable injury to our cause throughout the State as this ingratitude and in- 
 justice to Gen. Pitcher. In all the ensuing measures of that election, and in every county of 
 the State that I have heard of, the personal partisans of Mr. Van Buren pursued the same policy, 
 and adhered to it with a pertinacity so preposterous, insolent, aud oppres^:ive, tliat nothing but 
 your own personal popularity and t!ie magnanimous devotion of your real friends saved \x% 
 "from an entire and universal overthrow. In many districts your earliest and constant friends, 
 driven by their just indignation at such abuse, forsook your cause, because it had become identi- 
 fied with that of tlieir inexorable and mercile.ss persecutors. The result was, tiiat from a party 
 literally overwhelming at and immediately ailcr Mr. Clinton's death, y\'c were reduced to a 
 mere majority, and Mr. Van Buren himself only escaped defeat by the accidental and collateral 
 advantage which accrued to him from the anti-masonic e.xcitement at the West; nor, was he 
 now to renew the contest unaided by the implication of your interests in his election, could he 
 avoid being defeated by a large majority." ..." Van Buren and his adherents are now 
 reaping the reward of all that Clinton did in your behalf; and he and they, who came in at the 
 eleventh hour, and when no man else would employ them, arc now lording it in this State over 
 thase who bore the heat and burden of the day — and lording it with such an extremity of inso- 
 lence and oppression, as is only commensurate with the power they have thus fortuitously 
 obtained." . . . "If the memory of Clinton and Avhat he did, cannot preserve hi.:- friends 
 from the remorseless and eternal hostility of M". Van Buren ; if the patronage of the Gc;K"aI 
 Government, which we support, is to he used for our destruction and to fulfil the base purposes 
 of Mr. Van Bm-en's personal and viperous malignity; if these things are to be, they must be 
 but they shall not be in this county, without at least one man's iiumble efforts to prevent them.'' 
 
 I have long been of opinion fat Solomon SouthwicU was set up in 1828, as 
 a candidate for governor, to uiai^e up for Van Buren's want of popularity and 
 secure his election. The Albany Argus of March 8, 1828, says : " We publish, 
 in another column, Mr. Southwick's acceptance of a nomination for governor, 
 made by his friends, on the 26th ult. at Batavia. Notwithstanding this nomina- 
 tion is sneered at by the Daily Advertiser, and soine who are very willing to 
 receive the aid of Mr. Southwick's exertions in their behalf, so long as they 
 are performed in another capacity ; yet we know of nothing that debars the 
 friends of any individual from avowing their preference, even if such avowal 
 chance to cross other and conflicting views." In Van Buren's letter to Hoyt, 
 page 205, he rests partly for success on the faith he has that " Southwick's vote 
 will be large." When Southwick had the Albany post-office, Van Buren con- 
 sidered it sft/fi, but he raised an awful tempest at Albany and Washington, 
 when Southwick's insolvency led to the nomination of Van Rensselaer.* 
 
 * Solomon Southwick wa-s successively in office as Clerk of tlie Legislature and State 
 Printer, and wjis very popular, lie got the Mechanics and l-'armers' Bank under his control 
 — acquired great wealtii — took the federal and oominercial side in the wiir, in 1812 — and 
 although he had abused Colonel Monroe and his friends unmercifully tlnough his pre.s.9, was 
 appointed Postina.ster at Albany, in which capacity 1 first .saw him in February, 1821. Strang' 
 to tell, in January, 1822, he was a defaulter and a bankrupt, advertising for the benefit r.f the 
 State insolvent act, as was, about the same time, another who has much more recently held the 
 same office. Southwick, in those days, was complained of by Gov. Clinton and Judge Spencer 
 •—he was the confederate of Van Buren, whoae *' sufferings was not intolerable" till he Jieard 
 
 
 
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 82 
 
 VAN BUREN, 8OUTHWI0K AND THE ALBANY POST OFFICE. 
 
 .1 -'I 
 
 J;' ■ 
 
 
 i. / 
 
 
 1/ 
 
 Van Bureu, Knower, and Marcy nominated Rochester and Pitcher, for 
 Governor and Lieut. Gov., at Herkimer, Oct. 1826 — both against Clinton. 
 Noah, as advised from Albany, came out for Clinton and Pitcher, and aided 
 materially to defeat Rochester, as Van Buren wished he should. [See note to 
 page 201.] " Mr. Van Buren defeated the election of Mr. Rochester," says 
 the N. Y. American of Sept. 17, 1827 ; while appearing to support it, he 
 
 that President Monroe was about to appoint General Solomon Van Rensselaer, who bad been 
 wounded with six balls, one of which is still in his body, and suffered very severely at tb«i 
 battle of Q,ueenston, where Greneral Brock, President of Upper Canada, was killed. Van 
 Buren got Rufus King to assist him in a protest against Van Rensselaer, and a recommends 
 don of Ex-Chancellor Lansing for the vacant office. A meeting was called, Charles £. Dudley, 
 Mayor, in the chair, Benjamin Knower, Secretary, with Chief Justice Savage, John O'Cole, 
 Roger Skinner, and Moses I. Cantine, taking part in it, which resolved, that the conduct of 
 the Postmaster General, Return J. Meigs (who had forfeited their respect), was " unjust and 
 arbitrary, disrespectful" to Daniel D. Tompkins and M, Van Buren, " ana not less insulting 
 than oppressive to the community" — that Van Rensselaer was " a zealous and unrelenting 
 «nemy of the republican party" — and the office given him " one of the most important in the 
 gift of the administration." 
 
 To explain these resolves, I may here mention that although Jefferson had laid it down as 
 the rule, that the only questions to be solved in such a case, are. Is he capable 1 Is he honest *{ 
 Is he faithful to the Constitution 1 — although Southwick was hopelessly insolvent, and yet col- 
 lecting the revenue — and although twenty-two out of ilie twenty-six Congressmen for this State 
 had recommended to the government to give Van Rensselaer the office. Van Buren wrote the 
 President und the Postmaster General, asking that his (V. R.'s) appointment should be delayed 
 a fortnigh , to give time to organize an opposition to it. Col. Monroe would in no way inter- 
 fere — Mr Meifis would give no delay — Van Buren and Tompkins then wrote to the postmas- 
 ter generl , to Siis effect — " that his (Van Rensselaer's) conduct has been that of a gallant man 
 we cheei) ily admit," but " that the United States have granted him a liberal pension for life, 
 which wi ; allowed to co'jimence many years back ; independent of which he has for a long 
 time held a lucrative office in the Slate [from which, by the way, Van Buren and his friends 
 had ejected him the moment they had the power] — that Lansing was a firm and inflexible 
 republican," but Van Rensselaer " a warm, active, and indefatigable opponent of the partv." 
 They asked whether the place ought not to be given to Lansing " because he belongs to the 
 republican party ;" or if not to him they Avould name others of the party — and they assured 
 the postmaster and the president that the party in N, Y. " will regard it as a matter of great 
 importance, that the postoffice at the seat of government should be in the hands of a gentleman 
 of the same political character with themselves" — and that the general government was con« 
 ferring an office which would give Van Rensselaer " much more political influence and con- 
 sideration among them, than the one of which they (the party) have deemed fit to deprive him. ' 
 Mr. Meigs, postmaster general, replied briefly, thas : " I regret that, on a view of the whole 
 subject, I have not been able to accord with your views and opinions." A Kendall or a Niles 
 would have been more pliable and ductile in such hands. The prin<:iple on which Van Rens- 
 selaer'a appointment was made, was bad. He was ilien a member of congress from Albany — 
 and to take a trusted representative of the people from his post as a public sentinel, and reward 
 him with the post of a deputy-postmaster, is at variance with the spirit of our institutions. 
 TViat, however, teas not one of Van Durcn's objections. 
 
 Another Albany meeting was held on tlie 25th of January, at which Lieut. Governor Tayler 
 presided. Philip S. Parker remarked : " That Mr. King, a high toned federalist, and cidevant 
 leader of the party, should object to the appointment of Gen. Van Rensselaer, as a deputy post- 
 master, becaiLse he was a federalist, is truly remarkable. It is a fact notorious in this city and 
 in this state, that the vice president and Mr. Van Buren were zealous and active supporter,-, 
 and contributed much to the election of Mr. King to the senate of the United States, notwith- 
 standing he was afcflcralist; and tliat very many of that party, who during the late war, used 
 every exertion to thwart the views and operations of the general as well as the government of 
 this state, while General Van Rensselaer was fighting the battles of his country, and spilling 
 his blood in its defence, have been taken by Mr. Van Buren into full confidence, and tlirough 
 his '!ontroliing influence over the Council of Appointment of this state, have been appointed to 
 hon )rable and lucrative offices. That the inconsistency of the vice president was .still more 
 glaring." 
 
 Col. R. M. Johnson and General Andrew Jackson were very friendly to the appointment of 
 Van Rensselaer, nor would Jackson remove him, although the N. Y. Evening Poet declared 
 the office to be a very lucrative sinecure. At length V^^ Btuen turned ]^ out to make way 
 for Flagg, and during (be tisw ha held the office^ *>i IT, Y, Fosl^ M i«ip». . that lineeare^ wa4 
 SJ^veiyMcnt. 
 
 •' took care 
 whom he c( 
 Chenango, a 
 Buren feartM 
 Adams, and 
 defeat. " 'II 
 of Feb. 23, 
 office of gov 
 yet scarcely 
 the Correspo 
 on hand. 
 
 That Van 
 which, on tl 
 repeat what 
 prominent ca 
 publicans anc 
 
 Adams wa 
 Buren's seco 
 about the tir 
 its readers : 
 
 "We hav 
 probable forr 
 bpyond a dot 
 and it is the 
 Gali.ati.v hii 
 Cass of the I 
 of such matei 
 of the Treas 
 FAIL TO A 
 
 * At tliB very n 
 Clay, Clay's fuht 
 ant. On the 2(Uli 
 
 " Dear f»lr : Hin 
 «l«rti(in. It preiit 
 of our rppreseiitiu 
 join thcin. I thir 
 ispniileni, it will 
 nr will accept the 
 otfered. It sppiiis 
 hII thp cirriiinst,'u 
 yearn 1 Will not 
 tlie Presidency ; i 
 wfety, retain t'ra 
 Ing at a distance i 
 
 FVom a nource 
 tual nnderstandii 
 Aidants to nttarlc 
 Gen. Green's Tel 
 whence their eqii 
 here it is frniii th< 
 
 " Our friend Vi 
 Oen. Andrew Ja( 
 VIOLABliY TO 
 C. Calhnun has t 
 llnqulsh his clali 
 the Vice Presidei 
 four years to be i 
 sue TUB BOUT 
 not much misin 
 Influence." 
 
 Clinton died— 
 excepttous, Ritct 
 over petty schen 
 for thus did Clin 
 
 Van Buren'n fi 
 
A falsi: t'KILNU. VAN BURliN FOR ADAMb. RITCllIi!:. 
 
 88 
 
 iFFIOE. 
 
 md Pitcher, for 
 against Clinton, 
 tcher, and aided 
 1. [See note to 
 [Rochester," says 
 > support it, he 
 
 laer, "nrho had been 
 very severely at tb« 
 , was killed. Van 
 ind a recommendar 
 Charles E. Dudley, 
 irage, John O'Cole, 
 that the conduct of 
 ), was " unjust and 
 id not less insulting 
 lus and luirelenting 
 ist important in the 
 
 had laid it down as 
 )le "i Is he honest 1 
 olvent, and yet col- 
 issmen for this State 
 m Buren wrote the 
 it should be delayed 
 d in no way inter- 
 rote to the postmas- 
 latofa gallant man 
 al pension for life, 
 ti he has for a long 
 ren and his friends 
 firm and inflexible 
 
 lent of THE PARTY." 
 
 he belongs to the 
 — and they assured 
 s a matter of great 
 nds of a gentleman 
 vernment was con. 
 influence and con- 
 fit to deprive him. ' 
 view of the whole 
 Kendall or a Nilea 
 I M'liich Van Rens- 
 ess from Albany — 
 sntinel, and reward 
 of our institutions. 
 
 . Governor Tayler 
 ralist, and cidevant 
 r, as a deputy post- 
 is in this city and 
 ' active supporter.-, 
 led States, notwith- 
 the late war, used 
 tlie government of 
 intry, and spilling 
 lence, and tlirough 
 '. been appointed to 
 entwas still more 
 
 he appointment of 
 ing jPoet declared 
 n out to maJke way 
 Uwtsiaeenn^wa* 
 
 « took care to palsy, as iUr as his secret inlluetice went, the support of others 
 whom he could control — and the result in this city [N. Y.J, in Jefferson, in 
 Chenango, and elsewhere, manifest how well his measures were taken." Van 
 Buren feared that Rochester's success would secure the vote of the state for 
 Adams, and hence even party ties appear to have been severed to effect his 
 defeat. " The New York Enquirer, always on the alert, (says the Nat. Intell. 
 of Feb. 23, 1S28,) has already nominated the Hon. M. V. Buren, for the vacant 
 office of governor." Noah was ready to do this while Clinton's remains were 
 yet .scarcely cold in his grave — and if the evidence of his subservience, given in 
 the Correspondence, is not strong enough to convince everybody, more is yet 
 on hand. 
 
 That Van Buren was for Adams in 182.") is clear, even from the Albany Argm^ 
 which, on the l.")th of Feb. said ; "In relation to the choice we have only to 
 repeat what we have declared on former occasions — that between the two 
 prominent candidates, Messrs. .Iackson and Adam.s, a large majority of the re- 
 publicans and of the electors of this state, gave Mr. Adams the preference." 
 
 Adams was elected in Feb. 1825 — he was, as Noah has always stated, Van 
 Buren's second choice. While Jackson's talents were contemned, the Arous, 
 about the time when Adams formed his cabinet (same month), thus addressed 
 it.s readers : 
 
 " We have heard within the few last days various speculations as to the 
 probable formation of the cabinet of the President elect. It seems to be placed 
 bpyond a doubt that Mr. Clay has been offered the office of Secretary of State, 
 ami it is the general inipre.ssion that he will accept it. Messrs, Seroeant and 
 Uali.atin have been named as Secretaries of the Treasury ; and Gov. JjEWLs 
 Cass of the Michigan Territory, as Secretary at War. With a Cabinet /ori»«rf 
 of such materials f whichever of the gentlemen should be selected as the head 
 of the Treasury Department, THE ABMINISTRATION CAN SCARCELY 
 KAIL TO ATTRACT THE CONFIDENCE OF THE COUNTRY."* 
 
 * At tliR vpry mnmpnt Ih.^t Vnn Biirpn nni! his rri<!iiils worp t)iu<i ileclarini; thpir rnnfidence In Adams and 
 Clay, Clay'ji faint I'rifiiil, KciuIhII, was l)p>:innlne tii (lerccivft tint Jackson's .star wotilil .soon lie in the ascend- 
 ant. On the'2(Uh ol" Peli., IS.'.'i, hn thus mlilrpssed Mr. Clay :it Washington, from Krankfort, Ky. : 
 
 " Dear Sir : Bincp the enclospd was writtpn, we h.ive i-erplved the news of the result of the Presidential 
 flertion. It creates very little sensation here. In Frankfort, probably half, or nearly so, approve the conrse 
 ol'our representation. Jackson's original fripnils arc loud in their complaints, and several who were for ]roa 
 Join them. I think in some sections of the country, there will lie a considerable stir ; lint If the ndinlnistmtlon 
 imprudent, It will die away. I spi>ak of Kentucky only. There is ninch imiiiiry whether you will be ntfered 
 nr wili accept the Secretaryship of State, and much diversity of opinion as to what you ou^ht to do if it Is 
 nlfered. It sppuis tn me that no ninn here can tell what you oucht to do, lipcaiise it is iniposslhle for tit to know 
 all the circumstances. Is there not a probability tt' 't .Inckson may be elected liy the people at the end of four 
 years 7 Will not Clinton unite his Interests with oackson's, with the expectation that he will succeed him in 
 tlie Presidency ; and will not such a combination bo tcxi powerful to withsbind 1 Will not Adams, for his own 
 safety, retain Crawlbrd, and tliereliy conciliate his interest f I know nothing of these matters ; lint on viaw- 
 Ini at a distance the poBtiiro of men and imrties, indicated by these queries have flitted thronch my mind. 
 
 Vnur friend, tec., A.MOS KENDALL," 
 
 From a snnrce I cannot as yet mention, I learn that Van Buren's bargain with Jackson's friends— their mn- 
 tual tinderstundlng, I may as well call it, liears datp in Dec, IKHt. In that month he expected the friend* of 
 Adams to attack him, and soon afterwards [Feb., IH-^TJ he and Cambrelenir are seer, directing Hoyt to elrculat* 
 Gen. Green's Teleftrnph. In April they are otf to Siuith Carolina [Sec Nos. 41, 43, 41), 45, 46, and 47], fh>m 
 whence their eqiially flexible associate, Ritchie, receives n letter, dated "Charleston, S. C, May 7, 1827," and 
 here it is from the Richmond Enquirer, ei,!hteen months liefore Jackson's election : 
 
 "Our friend Van Buren has at length reconciled nearly all the most im|iortant jarrlne claims and Interests. 
 Oen. Andrew Jackson consents to accept of the t'reslilpncy of the United States, PLKDGING HIMSELF IN- 
 VlOLABi>V TO SUBSKRVF. TIIK PEOPI.K OF THE SOUTH, and to resign at the end of four years. John 
 R. Calhoun has been prevailed upon. In conformity tu the wishes of some of our most influential friends,to re- 
 linquish his claims upon the Vice Presidency. Every eflort Is to be made to induce De Witt Clinton to accept 
 the Vice Presidency. Martin Van Buren to serve as Secretary of State tinder Gen. Jackson, and at the end of 
 four years to be nominated and supported fur the FresUlpncy ; with a perfect understanding that he will pur- 
 sue "rllB SOUTHERN POLICY, in relation to domestic manufactures and Internal lmprovemt>nti. If I am 
 not much misinformed, a cabinet is so arranged as to command the greatest possible extent .>f political 
 Influence." 
 
 Clinton died— the rival candidates pnt Calhoun on their tickets— Jackson served eight years. Wth theea 
 exceptions, Ritchie showed what has since come to pass, in May, 1837— and " a political Grimalkin— purring 
 over petty schemes— mousing over sinister strataffems- without elevation of mind or dlitnity of chancier"— 
 for thus did Clinton portray V^an Buren— ruled the Union, to its deep and lasting injury, for twelve yoan ! 
 
 Van Buren's 0ub-Tieasurei General for New England, Governor Isaac Uill, of N. H., wa* ft hot Adams bmi 
 
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84 
 
 THE AliUANV REGENCY O.N tHE SAFETY FUND LAW. 
 
 
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 I- • 
 
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 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 CroaweU on the Safety hund Lcnr. — Bank-crnjl Described by those who under- 
 stood it. — Desperate Bank Failures. — Who Suffered bij them. — Van Buren'i 
 Proscription in 1S29. — Jlis Effi^rls to obtdln Charters in 182S. — The Argus 
 and Butler Murmur. — Mechanics and Fitn.icr.^'' Bank, Albany. — The Tieo- 
 Third Bide at Fault. — Clinlon^i M^arnings., ISKi and ISIS. — Hammond on 
 JV. Y. Banking. — Flagg, Wrifjht and FnrU mining Charters. 
 
 Mr. Edwin Croswei.l ol" th? Ali)any Arguij, sfiit nip, in 18;>4, a pamphlet 
 entitled "Origin, provisions ami otli'ot oftli^ Saiety Fund Law," with a request 
 that I would notice it. For the fn.sl tini;^, J have now given it a careful perusal 
 It professes to be a reply to Mr. VVaLsh's Quarterly Review, the Report of the 
 Union Committee, and the strictures in Congress on what is termed a dangerous 
 political deception by Van Burcn, under whose short goverimient of IS'evv York 
 the fund " d its commissioners were recommended. The pamphlet may bn 
 fairly assumed to be Vivn Buren's defence. It appeared, with high commenda- 
 tions in his press, the Argus, and was approvingly referred to by the presses 
 controlled by bank democrats throughout the state.* 
 
 in IH*). Thiit yenr, Aug. H, lie sniil in his ruiiinr. '' Nn nuni iiniii''; nn.ii' nf ihe finnlitirs of llie Iiniipsf, uji 
 right, «nilMlile stiiicsiniii. limn .IdIih Ciiiinry Afl:iiii<. Mr. Ail ini>' i 'If nt- rin" riui'.l M.li-ly u) rule in ;i rt ,iiiii 
 lie, hecnii^e republicnn (ruveriiiniMii ciii only !»■ Mi-t.iincil liv inifiirily nul phiin ilr.ilin'i." in IfH, ilill w,n, 
 Hir Crawt'oril, his naiivi.-ni, itnd tlip mim-riiy rrcjrii — Imt, \.\.\\ In', .\l.iy. I'i-i. ■ .■^hoiild he [Crnvlord] not In 
 elprted, we van trnst our Hxprutivu ileparuniMit in llic li;inils .iC AUi'ins or liny. 1 wish I could say the shuic 
 (vf GencriilJiirkson. * * t >■ * » W'r (!■! nm like to lie h.injuid witliiiiit rliynii- or rcuson." By it*.'; i,t 
 '28, IsHiic h(\<l vt'crnil round to JiioKson, find in diU' tinu; .liirlcsun wii* " iho diinucnicy," and ciay nnci Adiijiii 
 about Rs bnd men iis I.snnr kniw of nny where. Oli. whiii liit conlruiis |>in;ii; ^oi wlicn liP lurncd ! 
 
 ♦ Trir DK.FKNTt: nv thk Su-fitv Finp Law, so called, to wiiifh Air. Ooswcll liad tliii< 
 reqnesKHl my alientiuii, nifntions, that )tri!;)r i,: X'aii iMircn's shoi-f ai'iiiiuistiaiimi, in lHv!(), liiciv 
 hail been cle.spprate bank luiliurs — thai tin- hanks IkhI |iaiii in oiV\ |;aii oi' their i'a()ital at .si.tii- 
 ing, and that the direcloj-s ^nve '• little or no t'lU'ihci- tfuaraniy lii;' iho i'ai:iii'iii execution of their 
 tru.«'. than t*l)e oblijjation to pay their debts in sjiecii''' — that in i^oine f ;im'>; pa\tiient.s on shans 
 
 h-'d been made in specie, the money withdraw u aijain, and nutes of hand sulvslitutod, with ii. 
 other. security than tlie unpaid shares held by ih(! parly — die IVauduJeiU banks had thus euw 
 i.ito operation, an 1 when failure followed, the cupilal was toiind lo con^i^t of the worthlfvv 
 note.s of wortldess imlividrials — thai the iv.hi^h-c legislative iiower to act as bankers, i.isii,- 
 j>aper a.s money, iV-c., conferred by law on •ueh l^anks, had induced honest people to take iheii 
 note.s for property and lalwr, and deposit mone;, with their rascally ma nasj-ers. who f^eneralh 
 placed their plunder, thus acquired, beyond the leach oft!ie creditors of the institutions. 
 
 If reference be made to my account of tlio Hudson Banic, the old IJulfalo Bank, the Wash- 
 ington and Warren Bank, the Bank at Platl.'iburf,'h, and similar institutions, in this volume; 
 and to Pro.sper M. Wetmore and P. W. Spicer'.s United Stntes Lombard Co., the Morris Canai 
 Bank, Traaesmen's Bank, Fulton Bank, the Life and Fire Co., Chemical Bank, and other 
 kindred concerns, noticed in my Lives of Iloyt and Butler ; a.s also to the reported bank fraini 
 trials of 182G, of which Noah "and Webb apjK-ar to retain a recollection, when speaking of 
 President Polk's Navy Agent, Prosper M. Weimore [pag«s 2*2 1 and 225], the reader will .see 
 that the public had been so cheated by Van Buren and his adherent.s, their exclusive legisla- 
 tion, rotten charters, and dishonest, banlc airents, that the cry was loud and univer.sal for aa 
 efficient check upon such accumuiaied wronc^s. 
 
 So far were Van Buren, Wright, Butler, I-^lacrs', Croswell, and the party in power, from 
 desiring to check charter granting (a disgrace and a scandal as t he v ever have been to the 
 honored cau.se of popular government), that they did iheir \ ery best in the session of 1828 (only 9 
 months before), to pa.s.s through the legislann-i? of the state, without any new check or reform 
 whatever, a variety of renewals of ba nk charters— a nd wlien I'.utler was rlefeated by the reluctance 
 of two-third.s of the memtwrs any longer to countenance the odious system, Van Buren came 
 out through his Anaus, and viliticd the two-thirds clause in the oonstitiition of 1821. When it 
 became apparent that some concession must be made to public sentiment, the mock-guarantv of 
 the Safety Fund Bubble was introduced by Van Burcn, as a scheme invented by Joshua 
 Forman, an old federalist of Onondaga. It pretended to make the banks enter into a sort of 
 mutual assurance— the conunissioncr clause enabled the executive to piy int«» tlie concerns of 
 
 When \n 
 
 leri Wrigh 
 compare it 
 to 1841j at 
 and infamo 
 the chief a 
 degree of ( 
 anything tc 
 Law to th( 
 Butler. 
 
 The pan 
 state, that 
 tity of sha 
 " hypothec 
 like himse 
 as would s 
 then push 
 get as man 
 a distant ti 
 
 any bank — i 
 lical stage m 
 charter couU 
 sleek {Virty I 
 
 In ih;u, V 
 
 tended as a 
 iMartin Van 
 " We had 
 ing charters 
 derations of 
 with due lim 
 busines.s trai 
 recharter old 
 tions advantc 
 or to break u 
 NEW BA^ 
 their st)lvenc 
 and the only 
 the time, win 
 cessary hnstt 
 »♦♦'♦♦ S 
 lie interests 
 thr. chnrlcrs <i 
 luul e.rjnred. 
 intere.sts of tl 
 beyond what 
 
 The Med 
 letters and tl 
 old U. S. Ba 
 dividends w( 
 This bank v 
 president am 
 was the first 
 (page !(»!>), i 
 cashier of a 
 father-in-lav 
 Van Buren' 
 always iden 
 attorney for 
 
 InJusem 
 bill to renew 
 des'xed to ac 
 
LAW, 
 
 I'lIK SAFETY FUND A THICK TO OBTAIN MUllL; BAMCS. 
 
 85 
 
 '11 those who under- 
 
 tern. — Van Buren's 
 
 82S.— 7%e Argm 
 
 Ihmiy.—The Two, 
 
 ^^- — Uammmd on 
 urters. 
 
 \S'M, a pamphlet 
 
 ^■," vith a request 
 
 a careful perusal 
 
 tlie Report of the I 
 
 irmed a dangerous 
 
 uent of JVevv York 
 
 paniphlet may be 
 
 h high commenrla- 
 
 J to by the presses 
 
 Mlitii's (if (lip hntipst, iiji 
 'l»'ly lo mil- iii ;i rt-.ni'i 
 iri'j." In if<..»4, ||i|| „,.„. 
 mill hf [Criwiord] ti.ii |„. 
 I'ish I coiilil say the khiiic 
 i.'.ir reiison." By IW i,r 
 •y," and Clay an(l Adam, 
 ••n Ik- lurned ! 
 
 .Ir. C'roswt'll Iijid 111,,, I 
 i-i!alioii.in 1H-J9, tluTi' 
 'i' their I'iipital at Mm;, 
 tiil'iil cxec-ul ion of their 
 :■-■< jia\incnt.s on sham 
 111 sulvstitutOil, with 11,1 
 I'anks Jiad thus gont- 
 :5ii-i.-l of tlie wortlilf'M 
 • ac| as bankers, i.s.sii,> 
 c-st jieopln to take tlieir 
 nat.Tis. who iienoralK 
 he institutions, 
 iaio Bank, the Wash- 
 itions, in this volume; 
 r^o., tiie Morris Cana! 
 iical Bank, and otlior 
 e reported bank fraud 
 n, when speaking of 
 >J, the reader will see 
 it'ir exclusive legisla- L 
 in J universal for an 
 
 'arty in power, from 
 er have been to thi' 
 cssionofl8*28(only.9 
 new eheck or reform 
 ■atedbythoreluctanri' 
 in, Van Buren came 
 » of] 821. Whenii 
 :he mock-giiarantv of 
 invented by Joshua 
 'enter into a sort of [ 
 intb Uie concerns of I 
 
 When we look back upon the dishonest bank legislation of Van Buren, But- 
 ler; Wright, Barker, Throop, Marcy, and their friends, previous to \S2'^^ and 
 compare it with this party account; and then look forwiud to 1n37, and .so up 
 to lS41j at Van Buren, Cambreleng, Bowne, Butler iv Co., dpiiouncing as vile 
 and infamous the fabric artfully reared in 1829, we are couipeiled to aainit that 
 the chief actors in the continued knavery of the last twenty yinirs, must leel a 
 degree of contempt for the people they have so suc-cessi'uily decfivcd, beyond 
 anything to be met with on the records of monarchy, from the days of John 
 Law to those of Cornelius W, Lawrence, C. V. C:uniu\.dtMt'4, mv\ iiinjamiii V. 
 Butler. 
 
 The pamphlet, or rather Van Buren, Wright, Cro.svvcil, kc, went oii trulv to 
 state, that when a stockjobber (like Hoyt or Cambrelfn:.!;) had <^(>i iiulU of a quan- 
 tity of shares of one of these moonshine banks, and aided in ridiii.^ it, ho could 
 " hypothecate " his shares, raise cash on them, join a company ot adventurers 
 like himself, purchase as many of the shares of a .sound, well nianaLji-d bank 
 as would secure the control of it, by the election oi Uulleriziiii^ dit\'ctur:;, uml 
 then push as many of the notes of the bank out aint)ng the peopli' as pos.sible, 
 get as many deposits as they could, issue the post notes, or promi.sci to pay at 
 a distant time, of the bank, for money or property, sell out their shares ai an 
 
 any bank — and it lulled the people into a false security, out of which the ■^tui-'kiohber and poli- 
 tical stage manager reaped an abundant harvest oi iii-i(o«en we.iiili. h v.-as h.'.-'nuse nut oiie 
 charter could be got in IH-2t», 18i7. and 182H, in ronseciuence of t.he twd-thi:;! nde, tluu ti.e 
 sleek jxirty leader t)|)eni!,l bis bulge; in IH'Jit. wilb ilie paiiaeea of ;i scii-'iv liuKl. 
 
 lit 1H:U, Vtan Buren and his fdioweis ])ivtende<l ibai lin- Sat'ei, l-'iui i j..i .v uf \,>l'\ wn, ;.■,- 
 tended as a protection lo the people. Before bcliming iliai tale, be i)lr;ivvd io lisk-n lo •,),. 
 Martin Van Buren, on t'other .side of ihe que.s(ii,n. 1 (piote ilie Alhaiiy Aiirie. of Ajail h, 1.' .,S. 
 '•We had suj)j)osed that the question as to the e.vpedieiiey of a reneujil uf ihi.- solvent e.\!-i 
 ing charters was conceded. Whether this Ite .so or iiui, it npixar^ to be un;ed bv siro.'iLr consi- 
 derations of ju.stice to the institutions and security to the pubiii'. Ills i.mre'.led that" llaiiivs, 
 with due limitations as to their number, have become .so ideutilied wit!i our eurrcivy, ai)l uiu 
 busine.ss transactions, as to Ik* indispensable. And the quesiiou now is, wh-lher it" is s;iler to 
 recharter old and solvent Banks, which have passed through the lirst ixTiod of tlieir incorpora- 
 tions advantageously to themselves and to the ])ublie, and which are Kui.uu and eonti'led in, 
 or to break up the old foundations, «/(// o\ tukiii ni in.s bui.mi in A 8<."()HK ( >ll 'i'\V'(.) (if 
 NEW BANKS, untried, unknown, possibly in irresponsible hainis, ;^n(i "|ui-iiiiiialile as lo 
 their solvency or the character they may su.stain \ To this (nie.siion ilieie is ;in eas;, aiiswc. : 
 and the only dirt'erence of opinion probably is as to the time and luaiuier ol'the renewal. As i,. 
 the time, what periiKl more lavorable than the present ( It will not betray a luizardus or uiiiu-. 
 censary \iafi{e,ii:hild if v'iUaviiii/ lA: crils (ifd luar 'ippiint'k to lite '..lyiivtidii of lite ehaiicrs. 
 ♦ ♦♦"♦♦ So fully Citnvinced was tb.e legislature of Massachuseiis ol ihe imjiu; t:iiiee to the pub- 
 lic interests and the stability of the institutions, that // voi.rsrKKiu.K -jo riK\i;\\ , und did rr,it.ii< 
 tkn charters ofUic Biinkx intlial sUilc, SIX OR SEVEN VEAUS /jijorc tlic lir,iil of incorporation 
 IukI expired."^ Delay, indeed, may serve the intere.sts of the lobby, but can scarcely promote Uie 
 interests of the community. ♦ * * ♦ * We have no intere.si in the renewal of any charter, 
 beyond what every citizen has," &c. 
 
 The Mechanics and Farmers' Bank at Albany, to whose manager, T. W. Olcott, Butler's 
 letters and the Safety Fund give additional notoriety, was incorporated in 1811, the moment tlie 
 old U. S. Bank charter was vetoed by the casting vote of Gov. Clinton. At these times, bank" 
 dividends were often 9 to 18 per cent., and the premiums on prirHcs:ed stoclc 20 to 33 jtor cent. 
 This bank was obtained on the plausible pretext of lienefiting farmers and nieelianies, and the 
 president and a majorit/ of the directors were I'equired to be ineehanies. Solomon iSuuihwiiJc 
 was the lirst president, ind Gorham A. Worth, the cashier. Worth's jioetry is noticed by Builer 
 (page 10r>^, and Jacob iiarker speaks of him as a I'riend (page lif2). He is now, I believe, tiie 
 cashier ol a bank in this city. In due time the M. and F. fell into Kegency hands, and Alare\ s 
 father-in-law, Benj. Knowcr, became its president. When Knower stopped jiayineiit, in IK'U, 
 Van Buren's successor in the U. S. Senate, C E. Diulley. succeeded him. Tliis Bank ha.s lieen 
 always identified with Van Buren's interests, and his son Jolm was a din'ctor and the banJc 
 attorney for it in 183() or 1837. 
 
 In Assembly, March It), 1828 (says the Argus), Mr. Butler called for the third reading of the 
 bill to renew the Mechanics and Farmers' Bank in the city of Albany. Mr. A. Mann, Jr., 
 des'xed to add a clause atfecting the liability of stockholders, but was not pennitted. To pa*j 
 
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 86 
 
 ANOXIILR VIEW Ol NtW YORK CIIARl'tH UUANTINO. 
 
 t^^' 
 
 ■I 'i 
 
 
 advance, perhaps, on their original purciiase-iaouey, and having exchanged the 
 credit of the bank for substantial wealth in every shape, borrowed out its capi< 
 tal, and ail the wealth that could be raised on its credit, retire from the wreck, 
 and allow it to blow up and engulph the worthy and the good, the unsuspecting 
 and unwary. Reports to the legislature were found to be deceptive, millions 
 were plundered from the community, and in some cases the plan was to divide 
 the funds of the bank among the (few) stockholders, as pretended profits, when 
 in fact there were none to divide. I'his enabled them to sell their worthless 
 shares for a goodly sum, as of a nourishing concern, well conducted. All was fraud ; 
 but so linked in with the system was the administration of Justice — (there 
 were Marcys, John ^'an Burens, Hoyts, W. W. Van Nesses, &c., in those days) 
 — that if any rascal was prosecuted, he could atibrd, from his plunder, thou- 
 sands of dollars for defence ; and what with getting clear through flaws, through 
 new trials, through appeals, through a brother knave on the jury, whose con- 
 science could not convict, the law was inoperative, as respects 99 in 100. Cases, 
 says the ofhcial pamphlet, "of each of the classes above mentioned, had actu- 
 ally occurred, exhibiting scenes of fraud and corruption, the details of which 
 Were spread before the community through tne reports of our criminal courts, 
 WHICH FOR A LOiSfi TIME WERE CROWDED WITH CAUSES OF 
 
 the bill, CI membeis votod, Butler, Cargill of N. Y., Michael Hoffman, Savage, Verplanck, &c. ; 
 against it there were 37 votes, General Porter, Siiencer, Fillmore, &c. Not two-tlurds — lost. 
 
 On the 8th ol April, the Assembly was in committee on renewing old bank charters and 
 granting new ones. It was prujiosed to make the stockholders ol' banks individually responsible 
 to double the amoiint of their shares, but Butler, Cargill, Dayton, Faulkner, and Hoffman, 
 iipjxised the clause. Huller said he would take the new charters thus burthened, as a les.ser evil 
 than no renewals, i)wl would voii- down individual responsibility if he could. On the 10th, it 
 was voted down, by Butler, Cargill, Dayton, Faulkner, Hoftinan, Ate. 
 
 Mes,sr.s. Butler and Holiniau voted for sjH-cial charters to some banks with, and to others with- 
 out the responsibility clauses. Any way to get them. On the Ifith, the Assembly in commit- 
 tee of the whole, pas-sed bills to renew tiie Franklin Bank and the Tradesmen's Bank, N. Y., 
 and the Catskill Bank ; also ten new baidv charters to be located at Kinderhook, Whitehall, 
 &c. 1 believe the whole batch got swamped, and that charters were laid over till the new era 
 of Van Buren and Reform (!) iu 18-JO. 
 
 The foUowini^ extract tells the leelings of the bank Democrats, in April, 1828 : 
 
 ll'rnin tht> Alhiiny Argus, April 14, 1838.] 
 
 " The Bank Charters. — The linal question was taken in the Assembly, on Saturday, on the 
 " bills for the renewal of the charters of the CJeneva and Ontario Banks, and the Bank of New 
 " York, and they were severally lost ; the formt-r being deficient by three, and the latter by four 
 '• votes, of a constitutional majority [8(ij. It .seems to l)e an unequal constitutional rule, which 
 " declares a vote to be in the negative, notwithstanding more than three to one of the viembers 
 " PRESENT are in the atiirmative ; and it is fartintlarlv vvfortunatc to coine .so near and yet to 
 " fail." 
 
 Van Buren, Young, ^N'rijjht, and their friends, had had very early l&ssons ot the dangers 
 to liberty, attending the vicious system of banking, which <ibtained in this .state. In a l» "ter 
 to the lepublicaiis of the state, dated Albany, April W, IH(M), and signed by De Witt Climun, 
 Nathaniel Pitcher, John CJramer, tJaleb Toinpkins, Clark.son L'rolius, R. Riker, John M'Lean, 
 ,Toh.n Herkimer, John Taylor, Ale.v. Sheldon, Benjamin Ferris, and other members ot the 
 x^egislature, t!.ey icll the people — ' Yoti turned with disgust from the scene of bribery and 
 " corruption by which the Merchants' Bank in the city of N. Y., secured its charter. If the 
 " representatives of the jieople can, with impunity, receive or oHer bribes, the virtue of our 
 " ggvernment is blasted. If we permit its purity to be stained, we pave the way to destroy its 
 " re.spect in the eyes ot all good men. We shake the basis of our republican establishments, 
 " and lay the foundation whereon is built the corrupt governments of the ancient world.' 
 
 In Jan., 1818, Governor Clinton solemnly warned the people of the dangers they were 
 bringing or the country, through the vicious mode of transacting banking business, which 
 Van Burc'i and his pupils had continually fostered. The Assembly appointed an honest, 
 faithful committee, to whose able and useful report 1 would be glad to give a place here. 
 Their eh airman, Isaac Pierson, was also directecl to propose a resolution for a joint committee 
 of the 1< pslature to inquire into the management of the affairs of the banks, whether their 
 funds had been improperly applied, or their agents or directors been guilty of improper or 
 
 FLAGti, WI 
 
 THAT cm 
 ZENS WE 
 they found 
 management i 
 merited puni 
 nationSf and 
 TORS, that 
 of things, w« 
 chief, to pres 
 
 usurioufpracti 
 money accou'li 
 Governor's rec( 
 
 " The comm 
 of those banks 
 individual stoc 
 private fortune 
 the stock of thi 
 species of dictal 
 legislative wise 
 counties, nay tl 
 indebted U) bank 
 be. prostrated in 
 rious poison ha 
 ihe utmost ene 
 
 General Roo 
 liut Mr. Oakle; 
 iiiey ivere care 
 I'lattsburgh, ar 
 quirv, effectual 
 till their insolv 
 For proof take 
 jwndence of Vj 
 
 "During tlu 
 for chartering [ 
 investigation w 
 papers. The t 
 depravity of tli 
 liuman nature 
 li) any one part 
 teresl of memb' 
 action of some 
 a Crawford m 
 morrow.' In : 
 tiiacted in 18*2 
 
 The old bat] 
 Feb. 16, 1824, 
 canal commis 
 man. In the j 
 .ilso voted for 
 Wright, Jaspe 
 charter is bef 
 votes of Silas "^ 
 Stranahan. I 
 till the voting 
 Did you eve 
 who has lent 
 with fresh met 
 
 as half the val 
 
 is the banker's 
 
ITING. 
 
 ng exchanged the 
 owed out its capi. 
 e from the wreck, 
 , the unsuspecting 
 eceptive, millions 
 plan was to divide 
 ided profits, when 
 11 their worthless 
 ed. All was fraud; 
 jf justice — (there 
 i.c., in those days) 
 is plunder, thou< 
 gh flaws, through 
 jury, whose con- 
 ^9 in 100. Cases, 
 itioned, had actu- 
 details of which 
 ' criminal courts, 
 H CAUSES OF 
 
 ige, Verplanck, &c.; 
 t two-thirds— lost. 
 i bank charters and 
 ividually responsible 
 cner, and Hoftrnan, 
 ;ned, as a lesser evil 
 Jid. On the 10th, it 
 
 I, and to others with- 
 ssembly in commit- 
 men's Bank, N. Y., 
 lerhook, Whitehall, 
 ver till the new era 
 
 , 1838: 
 
 )n Saturday, on the 
 id the Bank of New 
 id the latter by four 
 tutional rule, which 
 one of the members 
 * so near and yet to 
 
 sons ot the dangers 
 8 state. In a 1* •ter 
 y De Win Clijuon, 
 iker, John M'Lean, 
 Bf members ot the 
 sne of bribery and 
 its charter. If the 
 s*, the virtue of our 
 e way to destroy its 
 [»n establishments, 
 icient world.' 
 langers they were 
 ng business, which 
 pointed an honest, 
 jive a place here, 
 r a joint committee 
 nks, whether their 
 ilty of improper or 
 
 FLAGU, WRIGHT, UARLL, AND OO. CHARTER GRANTING. TUKIR VICTIMS. 87 
 
 THAT CHARACTER. HUNDREDS OF OUR UNSUSPECTING CITI- 
 ZENS WERE THE VICTIMS OF SUCH CONSPIRACIES ; and wAen 
 they found their fortunes had been ruined by the frauds of these villains in the 
 management of corporate institutionSy and appealed to the law to bring them to 
 merited punishmenty such turned out to be the extent and intricacy of their combi' 
 natumsy and such the influence of the accusedy AND THEIR SECRET ABET- 
 TORS, that pubKc justice herself seemed to be almost set at defiance." This state 
 of things, we are told, induced Governor Van Buren, when state physician in 
 chief, to prescribe his grand nostrum of the Safety Fund Law. 
 
 usuriou* practices for covenous or oppressive purposes, and whether they had paid their bills in 
 money accoi •' Ing to their charters, or evaded doing so. The report of the committee, and the 
 Governor's recommendation, well warranted the proposition. 
 
 " The committee believe, the present circulation in the state principally consists of the note.9 
 of those banks whose nominal capitals are small, and composed principally of the notes of the 
 individual stockholders, called stock-notes : so that the security of the public consists of the 
 private fortunes of individual stockholders, and those fortunes, in a great measure, consist of 
 the stock of the bank. T/ieir influence too frequently, nay often already begins to assvme a 
 species of dielation (dlogclher alarming, and unless some judicious remedy is provided by the 
 legislative wisdom,*we shall soon witness attempts to control all selections to office in our 
 counties, nay the elections to this very legislature. Senators and members of assembly will be 
 indebted Ui banks fur the\- seats in this capitvl, and thus the wise ends of our civil inttUutians vriU 
 be. prostrated in the dust, bij rnrporations of o^ir oum creation. It is therefore evident, the delete- 
 I ious poison has already taken deep root, and requires immediate legislative interference with 
 ihe utmost energy." 
 
 General Root and Messrs. Meigs, Edwards, and Sharpe, made able speeches for inquiry, 
 tint Mr. Oakley opposod il. The resolve was adopted, 70 to 30, and sent to the Senate, where 
 iliey ivere carefully proirciinnr the knavery of Washington and Warren, Buffalo, Hudson, 
 Plattsburgii, and other rotten banks of the Van Buren family. Van Buren denounced in- 
 quiry, efTectiially crushed the Assembly's resolve and protected the banks in their villany, 
 till their insolvency, and the breaking uown of many others of like character, closed the scene. 
 For proof take the printed journals of the Senate of j^f. Y. Look also into the secret corres- 
 jwndence of Van Buren, Butler, Hoyt, Barker, ikc. 
 
 " During the November session [18"24], a complaint was made that the passage of the bill 
 for chartering [the Chemical bank of New York], had been procured by corrupt means. An 
 investigation was ordered, and a committee appointed with power to send for persons and 
 papers. The evidence given before the committee atforded a most disgusting picture of the 
 depravity of the meml>ers of the legislature, and indeed, I might say, of the degradation of 
 Iminan nature itself. The attempt to corrupt, and in fact, corruption itself, was not confined 
 II) any one party. It extended to individuals of all parties, and it is not improbable thai the in- 
 terest of members in these applications for moneyed incorporations had an effect on the political 
 action of some of them. Mr. Caldwell, a witness, testified that he heard a senator say, ' I am 
 a Crawford man to-day, but unless the Chemical Bank pa.s,ses, I shall be a people's man to- 
 morrow.' In short, it was evident that the foul and sickening scenes of 1813, had been re-. 
 enacted in 1824." — Hammond., vol. i., p. 178. 
 
 The old bank of Rochester, chartered 182-t, was a regency favorite. It pas.sed the Senate, 
 Feb. 16, 1824, and among the yeas were our present Governor, Silas Wright, Jonas Earll, 
 canal commissioner, John Cramer, Charles E. Dudley, Heman J. Redfield, and John Bow- 
 man . In the Assembly, 30th Jan . , it was voted for by A. C . Flagg, our comptroller. Mr. Flagg 
 .also voted for the Pulton Bank, N. Y., that y»ar ; as in the Senate, April 1, 1824, did Silas 
 Wright, Jasper Ward, Jonas Earll, Jr., John Lcfferts, and Perley Keyes. This history of that 
 charter is before the world. On same day, in Senate, the Long Island Bank passed, by the 
 votes of Silas Wright, Jasper Ward, C. E. Dudley, Jonas Earll, Jr., Perley Keyes, and Farrand 
 Stranahan. In the As.sembly, A. C. Flagg, not having made up his mind, absented himself 
 till the voting was over. 
 
 Did you ever see a cat watch a mouse, reader 1 Just so will the little country bank director, 
 who has lent cash to a farmer on the mortgage of his place, watch him. Sixty day renewals, 
 with fresh meals of interest, are an eating moth. The speculation fiuls — the note is now as big 
 as half the value of the farm— the Daniel S. Dickenson of the law tightens the screws— the iaiin 
 is the banker's, and its owner on his way to Iowa. 
 
 '■-.'^■'■51 
 
 
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 i 1 ^.^ 
 
 VAN UUlUiN OOVERNOB. WHAT THKN HAPPENED. 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 Governor Van Burenfor more Bnnh, and acjahist them. — Judge FormaiCs report. 
 — Dividing the spoils. — Jilair goes for more Banks. — Webster on the Pets.— 
 Throop surreedH \'an Buren. — tlubhcWsProphecica. — Chandler Starr on their 
 FitlfiUmeut. — The ISnJ'tljf Fund Scheme n Fraud on the Country. — Generul 
 (leorrjv P. liarke-r.—Marrij on the Buffalo Bank. — Bunk officers tried for 
 Felony. — How Acquitted. • 
 
 At the opening ol' the legislature ol' 1S29, [Jan. 7] Governor Van Buren 
 said a great deal about banks,* but very little about education. One paragraph 
 of his message was in these words : 
 
 i^ " To dispense with Banks altogether is an idea which seems to have ^ 
 ^(^no advocate; and to make ourselves v.lioUy dependent on those <4)i) 
 {ji^ established by federal authority deserves none. If these are correct «Ci} 
 3^ views, the only alternative would seem to be, between a renewal of the ■^ 
 f^ charters of the sound part of the existing Banks, or to anticipate the ^ 
 yr^» windimr u[) of tiiese concerns by the incorporation of new institutions." "^ 
 
 When ii few steps higher up preforincnt's ladder, he wrote Sherrod Williams 
 <n lt^3G, " i have always btien opposed to the increase of Banks. '"f 
 
 ' Uii the IStli of Jaiuiary, 18-iO, Van Biirrii wrote Jiid(jo Forinnn, at New York, for a popular version of Ills 
 pl.'iu, aiMil Ills requi'st tliniii!-!! Jesse lloyt tsiv No. 102,] niid on llic !J7tli laid It by iiiesHage before tlic legislaliin-. 
 .Next diiy il apppared in lln" Ar;;iH, anil the iin|irrssion is irresistible, that the scheme for passing a batch of new 
 and old hank:, to snit lavorite Interest-, wa'i, like 'I'liroop's suecrssion. and Westcrvelt's "prcat salvation," h 
 matter of tiariiain and uooil iindei-staiidirv! between V'an Buren, Olcott. Throep, Marey, Fla^R, and r.ertnju (if tlli; 
 )iariy lenders, ai Herkimer, in September, \'i-it<. Form in puis forward his pi.in as of "a Community something 
 lifter the niimnei- of our federal iinicni —with a siipiTvision over the whole, tis perfect and more beiielir.ial for \\v 
 pnbliCTiiANTiiM OF A (iKMMUi. iiANK ovKR ITS BRANrnica." Ilow Van Buren'ssclienieoperated — how the char- 
 ter,* were pot— the sto<'iv distributed — who llie men were who were most active in prociirini; charters — who aii>l 
 what the conimissloners were — what pro|H)rtions of stoek went to leglslaitrs and prominent patriots, like Olcot , 
 Marcv, Fluui;, Vaiiderpool, I)U, Wri|jlit, liawr(^uce, Butler, (JroswcU, I'ortcr, Corninj,', Beekman, Gould, Voiini.', 
 and I^auIkniT, or to men of straw for them— and wheiher those who profited by these safety fund speculationi 
 were not lenpied toaelher as Ueji^ney supporters, both l)el'ore and after 18-29 — these are quest ions Ui'it could best he 
 answered by a spwial work on N. Y. Ilankiiiir, whieJi would show in detail how the charters were log-rolle:l, 
 and for and by whom. Huch a work would be the Black Book of the Empire .St.ite In rijjht eariie.sl. Dr. .Max- 
 well, a legislator, addressed /eno Allen the postmaster of Sackett's Harbor, by letter, dated Albany, Jan. 7, lH3i>, 
 tlius "Dear Judge — Yours just received. There are more applications for banks this year than ever before. 
 Yoti must make out n complete list of directors, oDlcers, &c., and if oliialned you must know now. It must be a 
 Jackson Bank ; and the Bank junto in this plaee, must be allowed a tin{;er in the pie. 
 
 Yours, truly, Ph. Maxwell.'' 
 
 Large fortunes have been mode by apportioning the stock of new banks to favorites i nd followers of the gov- 
 ernment. Viui Buret) wished (hat corrupt power to be retained. In Ills January Mcsbjge, he said, " Who are 
 thfc particular recipients of your favor is a matter of minor impoitanre. The number of the stockholders, in com- 
 pntMon with the ercat body of the people, is so very small, an.! the stock is so constantly changing hands, tlint 
 THEEaUlTY OF rrs ORIGINAL UISTKIBUTION bceomet a comparatively unimportant matter" Thut 
 is to say, leave the party to select the commissioners to distribute the slock, and leave the dis'ribiMlon to ths 
 eommtsslonvrs. Perhaps the premiuvis paid from 1829 to 1^39, on bank stock, sold by the origi'ial favorites of 
 the party, yielded theni from two to three tnlliions of doliurs. All this, says Viin Buren, u. comparatively 
 iinlinnortant. 
 
 t This volume atfonU abundant evidence that Blair was Van Burcn's confederate, and the Globe hU mouth- 
 piece— Blair and Van Uuren admit that. Turn to the Globe of Dec. 21, 1833, and you wil! find the following 
 liaraimiph, pnuiiisini,' a larpe crop of banks without any safety fund to protect their customers : 
 
 "This new coalition, however, have lalxired In vain. I'he intelligent people of the West knew how to 
 maintain their rlizhts and mdeiiendonce, nnd to repel oppression. Although foiled In the beginning, every 
 Western State 1^ about to establish u ii^tatu banking Institution. They are resolved to avail themselves of their 
 own State credit as well as of the national credit to maintain a currency Independent of foreign control. Mr. 
 Clay's presses In Kentucky be^in now to feel how vain are all their offurts to resist this determination of the 
 peoi)le in the West. The Louisville (Kentucky) Herald says ; ' Fwm the indications of public opinion, as con- 
 tained In the pn|)ers from tlie States around us, there is every probability that banks will be cliartered in ths 
 States of Ohio, Indiana, and Missouri, and that clTorts will be iniulo to charter in this State (Kentucky) not only 
 a fltate bank, with four or live branches, but several independent banks.' " 
 
 Higlily approving of this promised crop of state banks, the Globe concludes by saying—" So Ohio, Indiana, 
 T'V" ■ • AtisHourl. and Kentucky, are resolved to take care of themselves, and iio longer depend on the kind 
 t- < •- > > of Biddle, Cluy, andCo." And OIUo did take care of bertjelf by chartering nt that same session 
 
 VA 
 
 Whenl 
 Republic, 
 New Yor 
 ceived, an 
 
 " But this 
 New York. 
 The same 1: 
 banking sy» 
 Great Britai 
 was foUowL'i 
 that power ; 
 tionofour 1) 
 fluence they 
 two coiintrie 
 don, and Ls : 
 our banks, a 
 lant of our 
 power in En 
 Iv affects ou 
 Jluence." 
 
 On the 1 
 T. Throop 
 had voted I 
 where. '* 
 criminating 
 lican prinCi 
 the ijovernn 
 be fully ind 
 that he aroi 
 was for ban 
 .... havt 
 anticipated, 
 
 On the 1 
 bank bill of 
 
 of her Legislati 
 bank party havi 
 
 Webster, in n 
 thus e.Ypiiscd th 
 turers of New 
 
 "Take all th( 
 llshed, and can 
 nf political frien 
 New York, wltl 
 stance, in whici 
 tieman say, thai 
 nhlHln a charier 
 altogether inlsin 
 no niono|)oly. i 
 nnd the sanu; fa 
 nnd show a orol 
 or what party tl 
 c(<niinodaliou, a 
 tiling anywhere 
 
 ♦ The Saf. 
 Jan. :W, ltH3, 
 ttire of their t 
 roguery of ca 
 iinpo.s,fible, b; 
 hopelessly inJ 
 powers of in 
 management 
 secured and v 
 gers evidentl) 
 
<<UD. 
 
 fe Formaii's report, 
 ster on the Pel8.~~ 
 
 idler Starr on their 
 Country. — General 
 
 t officers tried for 
 
 • 
 
 'ernor Van Buren 
 1. One paragraph 
 
 seems to have ^ 
 ent on those «^ 
 se are correct ^ 
 renewal of the ^^ 
 anticipate the <=^ 
 institutions." «^ 
 
 Sliprrod Williams 
 iks.'^t 
 
 n popular version «ir Uh 
 
 age bi.'fort' llie li^giHlaliinv 
 
 r p:us.-iiiic! •> batch ur iii'w 
 
 It's "preat salvation," h 
 
 FliigK< iixl certnlu iif the 
 
 a ciiinniuiiity sometlilu; 
 
 (1 n:iori' beiielir.ial for th>' 
 
 ope ruled — how Hip chiir- 
 
 ill!,' charters— whci an I 
 
 iiu'iii patriots, lilte Olcot , 
 
 " okiniiii, Gould, Voiiiii;, 
 
 al(!ty fund speculations 
 
 siloiisth'it could befit In* 
 
 harters were log-roll*;!, 
 
 ristlit carmwt. Dr. M.ix- 
 
 ted Albany, Jan. 7, 1H32, 
 
 lis year thon ever before. 
 
 now now. Ii mugi br: u 
 
 Ph. Maxwell. ■' 
 
 d followers nfthc gov- 
 jge, ho said, " Who are 
 the stockliDlders, in com- 
 tly changing hands, that 
 iportant matter " Xhut 
 ve the dis'ribi'Mon to thi; 
 the ori^i'jal favorites of 
 Buren, u. comparatively 
 
 nd the Globe his mouth- 
 will, find the following 
 itoniers : 
 
 the West knew how in 
 in the beginning, every 
 ivnll themiielves of thrir 
 of foreign control. Mr. 
 lis determination of the 
 f public opinion, as con- 
 will be cliarterod in tlia 
 uto (Kentucky) not only 
 
 ng— " So Ohio, Indiana, 
 get depend on the kinil 
 ing at thRt same session 
 
 VAN BVRBN, THROOP AND WFBSTER, ON THE N. Y. BANKS. 
 
 89 
 
 When he had workod hi.s w.iy to tlie Cap j1, and become President of the 
 Republic, he attempted to show that inland banks were dependent on those of 
 New York, where the produce is sent and from whence the merchandize is re- 
 ceived, and discoursed in one of his messages to Congress alter this fashion ; 
 
 " But this chain of dependence does not .stop here. It does not tenniiiaie at Philadelphia or 
 New York. It reaches across the ocean, and ends in London the centre of the credit .system. 
 The same laws of trade which gave to the banks in our piincip.il cirie-, power over the whole 
 banking system of the United States, subjcft the ronuor in 'heir tinii. to the mnney power of 
 Great Britain. It is not denied that Ihe huspension of the -New ^ or;: brtnl^s in lr<;j7, whi^.vi 
 was followed in quick succession througlioul the Union, \V;is proiJuced by ;'.n iippliration yl 
 that power; and it is now alle;;ed in extenuation of the present ctindilinn of so iai;,'e a ]xir- 
 tion of our banks, that their embarrassments have ari-^en Im^n ilic same cause. From tliis in- 
 fluence they cannot now entirely escape, for it has its orljjiii in th>.' crciit ciirreneies of the 
 two countries ; it is .strenj^thened by the cm rent of trade an<l exchange, wliirn centres in Lon- 
 don, and Is rendered almost irrp.sistii)le by the large debts contiacted there by our meichants, 
 our banks, and our States. It is thus that an introduction of a iipw banl: iiito the most dis- 
 tant of our villages, place.s the business of that village within the influence of the money 
 power in England. It is thus that every new debt whirli we contract in timi country, serious- 
 ly affects our own currency, and extends over the pursuits of our citizens it.-; powerful in- 
 fluence." 
 
 On the 12th of March, Van Buren abdicated in favor of hi.s lieiitpnant, Knos 
 T. Throop, one of the most thoroughgoing U. S. Bank men in tlie stale. He 
 had voted for the bank in Congress in 1816, and resolutely deiViKled it every- 
 where. "7/" ample talents,^^ said Van Buren, about Throop, " and u sound dis- 
 criminating judgment — if iiitegriti/ and singleness of purpose, and tnih/ repub- 
 lican principles furnish any just ground for expecting a safe . dministrntion of 
 the government,, that expectation^ I am persuaded, mat/, m t/ic present instance, 
 be fully indulged^ Throop had to reply, of course ; and tlis' jcui nal tells us, 
 that he arose in his place in the Senate, and, among other things, declared he 
 was for banks, and plenty of them. " Their influence upon i)i'oduclive industry 
 .... have been more beneficial than tlie most sanguine projector could have 
 anticipated," said Thioop. 
 
 On the 19th of March, Mr. Hubbell, in the a.ssembly, rose to oppose the 
 bank bill of the Van Buren party.* His speech I find in the New Vork Hven- 
 
 "f her Legislature, I bi'liuve, el(!von new banks, with an assreeate capitiil of aUoiu tniir iiii!li():is — the \\>l 
 bank party having a majority in both branches. 
 
 Webster, In reply to u defence of the I'ets and .Safety Fund, by GovernDr Wriirht, in S.MiiitP, .M.irch 20, 1S:M, 
 thns expiMed the artful net Into which pretended palriots had, .spitier-likn, enlicod tho fiiriiiors iiiui iii.iniir.tc 
 liirern of New Vork : 
 
 "Take all the banks in the country which have been inrorpnrated since tlie S^u'i'ty riiuil systtini was isIhIp 
 liahed. and can the gentleman mention one which has not been stiuiioiisly ami dt>M|;iii'<lly |i|.ir,<il In the ii'in.S 
 nf political friends ? Is there, now-ailays, any such thine as obtainiiiR a l>iiik clmrliM- iVnin ihi- I,('(;islai'ire m' 
 New York, without comiuissinners, nameil in the act it>elf, to dlstriliuie the stoi'k : an^l is then- any nne in 
 Klance, in wlilch n majority of shares is not allotted to men of ono p.irticalar poliliial piiiy ! Will ilio '.-en- 
 tleinan say, that a hundred of the first merchants of New Vork, or AllKiny, or t'tiia, or liiiittlu, loiilil iliisitav 
 nhtaln a charter, for themselves, and their as.souiates ; the stix-k to lie dividcil :is tliry ini'^lit rhoose > lam 
 altogether inlsinfoniied if any such thing could l)f' expi'Cled. With us, and I suppo-to elscu iieic, linakliiL' it 
 no niuno|V)ly. ('ertuin general laws reKulate the whole business, anil one riass ot persons lim the same ri^li!, 
 nnd the same facility, in applyini; for and receiving cliartcrs as others. If ilioy coaloriii i<i the (ii'iicral iau, 
 nnd show a ;)rol)abi« necessity for tlie institution which they ask lor. .\oiiii('.''tion is uskeil i- to uii.ii s( ho..! 
 or what party the applicants lielong ; and this is as it siioulil I"'. To place all hank cirrulalion, and li'tak ac 
 commndation, anil bank Inrtuf .«ce, into party hands, to lie used lor party piirpu.scs, wniild lie. ami i<, if s,irh a 
 thing anywhere exists, an enormity, worthy ot^Jy of the worst tovernments." 
 
 ♦ The Safety Fund CJommissioners, Chandler Starr, TrnmLull Cary, i.K:j., in their report of 
 Jan. 30, 18^13, s'how how correct Mr. Hubbell's views were in l.Si>'.). 'I hov assure the IcL'i.la- 
 ture of their utter inability to prevent the plunder of banks l>y tiie negligcme i;f liiivctors raid 
 roguery of ca.shiers, or the villainy of tiolh combined. 1. Becan.sf it is diliieuh, aiul oftfii 
 impivssihie, by the exercise of the greatest vigilance, to compel a bank to suspend till it is 
 hopelessly in.solvent. 2. Until a bank has violated a positive law, it is usiinl'.v l)oy.)nd their 
 powers of interference, through an application for a chancery injunction, .'t. Tliough the 
 management is very improvident, the loans made in large snnis to a iew favorites, or badly 
 wcured and very doubtful — though the ofTicera may he the principal borrowers, and the mana- 
 gers evidently hazai-ding the capital of a bank, yet the commissioners dare not interfere, 4. 
 
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„rt"^'»f'* 
 
 90 
 
 WHIG COMMISSIONERS AND VAN BUREn's SANDY ITILL FUND. 
 
 
 
 
 ^M 
 
 ing Post, reported from the Albany Argus. He was convinced that the bank 
 fund would prove only a splendid premium offered to dishonesty and fraud— 
 that many expedients would be resorted to by the managers of a corrupt insti* 
 tution, in failing circumstances, to push as many of their bills into circulation 
 as possible, the whole banking capital of the state being pledged for the redemp- 
 tion. He wanted to guard the honest stockholder, infants, widows, aged per- 
 sons retired from business who had their funds in the banks, but this scheme 
 
 " It is true that an iiijuuciion will be granted when the ruin of the bank has been cunsumiHated 
 by actual insolvency, or in ea-^es where half the eapital stock has been lost." 5. But these 
 facts must te swuin lu, as fuels iiciually known to tlic cominissloncrs, or proved on oath by 
 others. «;. Even if a well founded belief of insolvency is ihe result of an investigation by the 
 eommissionei s, tJliaiici Ilor WaUvortii I'arries the matter to a future day, and thi.s affords time 
 to tiie bank oliieers lo give pietlTeneesi lo those they may desire to favor, and to substitute 
 worthless paper, or paper at long dates, for notes at short dates and well secured. The bank 
 capital is often placed '■ in the liaiids of reckless and unprincipled managers, and unrestrained 
 by either ni'-ral or legal obligation." 7. Examinations of banks take place but once in four 
 months — till- commissioner has ollen little knowlerjge of the debtors or of the real value of the 
 other funds — ■• he is precluded from disclosing the names of the debtors," and has to believe 
 whatever the managers may tell him. Even if the iidbrmatiim is sw<jrn to, it is not worth 
 mucii. H. " 'I'lic si'lt'ciion of I'resident and capable Directors must, of neces.sity, constitute 
 the great saf •i,'u;iul of haiilc stockholders "—HUT THESE fX)NSlDERATIONS SELDOM 
 INFLUEA'OE THE STOCKllOLUEHS IN 'I'HEIH CHOltTC. S). OHicers and managers 
 
 fmt in, are tbrlilicd by j)ro\ies, which keep them in. They have lost much of late by specu- 
 ating unwisely. 
 
 What a commentary on that grand humbug, the Safety Fund Law, by which false swearing 
 is declared to be perjury, and the exhibition of false books, or entries, to the commissioners, a 
 felony ! ! Justice lo the guilty is a mockery, and even Benjamin Butler sneers at the idea of 
 calling the knaves to account. Is this, can it be, fir-e, enlightened, democratic America *? The 
 America of my early dreams it surely is not. 
 
 In 18Ut!, George V. Barker was elected to tlie Assembly from Erie County, to electioneer fur 
 the charter of ihe City Hank of Buil'alo. He did .so, and obtained it, through Ihe votes of 
 Senators J. and L. Heardsley, Armstrong, Gansevoort, Coe S. Downing, Grillin, Hubbard, J. 
 Hunter, Geo. Huntington, H. F. and J. P. Jones, Lacy, Lawyer, Livingstoji, Lounsberry, E. 
 C. Mack, Ihe party printer, Maison, Seger, the ex-clerk of assembly, Van Schaick, D. Wager, 
 Sterling and Spraker. Samuel Young, with Loomis, James Powers (see page 70), and one 
 or two more, formed Ihe opposition. Prosper M. Wetmore was its supporter in the Assembly, 
 and also the supporter of almost every other bank asked for. Polk sticks to liim as Navy 
 Agent here, like a brother. Van Buren's followers had their share of the plunder, by agree- 
 ment. One prominent operator (Corning, I lliink), had $^0,000 of the stock, and when 
 the bank failed, the Argus had the assiu'ance to call the concern a "whig bank party" 
 ** machine." 
 
 From first to la.sl. General George P. Barker, alxalitlonist, Canadian Patriot, stockjobber, 
 and Van Buren's .steady tool, was a director of the City Bank— he was also its atlornev, 
 transacting its; law business. John B. Maey, another ex- Van Buren man, was the first presi- 
 dent, and he and his partner, Isaac S. Smith, the loco-foco candidate for Governor, abstracted 
 and lent themselves nearly S1:''0,000 of Ihe funds of the bank; their securities were sold at 
 Bufialo last Nov. for less than $;9,000— ^2,000 of discounted bills brought $1,200— judgments 
 in favor of the bank for $2Sb,000, were sold for 821,500. Until Nov. 1839, the Safety Fund 
 Commissioners reported the bank to be sound and healthy, though it was even then ntterly 
 worthless — so loo, the state authorities had lent it more than $100,000 of jhe public funds— 
 a dead loss. The bank had not only issued the extra allowance of its notes mentioned in the 
 statutes, but also many thousands of dollars beyond Ihe legal limit — and when Marcy was 
 named as its receiver, he swore that not only would over S300,000 of its notes be redeemable 
 out of the stale treasury, but that " it is supposed that a siill larger amount of the fraudulent 
 issues of that hank than is already redeemed is lurkjpg yet in recesses only known to its cor- 
 rupt managers." 
 
 Isaac S. Smith, in an official letter to Fitzwilliam Byrdsall, and others, dated Buffalo, Septem- 
 ber 29ch, 1836, a month or two after the City Bank was set afloat there, thus proclaimed the faith 
 that was in him : 
 
 " None of our institutions," said Isaac, " have so strong a tendency to create and perpetuate 
 "the odious distinctions between tlie rich and the poor, as the paper money banks. 
 " Those incorporations, and others not more meritorious, and yet equally monopolizing, have 
 " been the greatest cause of truckling and corruption in legislation. The worst feature in the 
 "proceedings of past legislators, has been the wasteful appropriation of large sums, ostensibly 
 
 left the conf 
 had no faith 
 by bank offii 
 sioners wou 
 connecting 1 
 tions they r 
 monopoly, n 
 I am very 
 without ditfii 
 
 "for public ini 
 
 " banlcs, with v 
 
 " silver and go 
 
 Jenkinson, in 
 
 abstract $150,01 
 
 The hank, thro 
 
 Bank in lieu of 
 
 Lewis Eaton ( \ 
 
 director, L. F. . 
 
 lominitlee " to 1 
 
 Allen, and Jed. 
 
 (It' the bank, ewi 
 
 1 need not tell y 
 
 ihnso who had s 
 
 vii'tions either a 
 
 $13,000 with Vi 
 
 on Ohio city, &< 
 
 and buried this i 
 
 .\1. Hoffman, "V 
 
 State, wliile the 
 
 put Attorney Ba 
 
 The Bank of 
 
 .lohn R. Lee cas 
 
 uf premature di* 
 
 many thoustmds 
 
 Allen and Lee, .s 
 
 jury, on what w 
 
 penury — they wi 
 
 .and brought ba- 
 
 intorest, with an 
 
 ifoidd, th.it the pi 
 
 banks, and that 
 
 broker can — aw. 
 
 'may not be so — 
 
 c:i.se, and says th 
 
 ;the trial or any p 
 
 Hntcrest to the wf 
 
 i' zie, Sir: Genei 
 
 "ca.shier, for pe 
 
 .'developments i 
 
 :'■ to-morrow. T 
 
 "will send toyoi 
 
 ;again — " Ev^ry ] 
 
 ^"was perjury or 
 
 j" which often co 
 
 I" important one, ' 
 
 f 13 in all, was ho' 
 
 |in Ohio, New Y< 
 
 jand by similar c 
 
 (the attorney gene 
 
 lardent to search f( 
 
 'either would Lei 
 
 some atonement 
 
 tin thisi state whic 
 
 r 
 
 j 
 
LL FUND. 
 
 ced that the bank 
 nesty and fraud — 
 of a corrupt instU 
 Is into circulation 
 L'd for the redernp- 
 A'iduws, aged per- 
 3, but this scheme 
 
 as been cunsumraated 
 
 I luftt." 5. But these 
 jr proved on oath by 
 
 II investigation by the 
 , and this affords time 
 vor, and to substitute 
 1 secured. The bank 
 i?ers, and unrestrained 
 ilare but once in four 
 f tJie real value of the 
 s," and has to believe 
 urn to, it is not worth 
 )f necessity, constitute 
 lATIONS SKLDOM 
 Dtiicers and managers 
 uich of late hy specu- 
 
 wliich false swearing 
 ,) the commissioners, a 
 T sneers at the idea of 
 cratic America ? The 
 
 unty, to electioneer for 
 t, through the votes of 
 f,', Griflin, Hubbard, J, 
 igston, Lounsberry, E. 
 in Schaick, D. Wager, 
 see page 70), and one 
 iorter in the Assembly, 
 sticks to him as Navy 
 the phmder, by agree 
 the stock, and when 
 "whig bank party 
 
 Patriot, stockjobber, 
 as also its attorney, 
 an, was the first pres'i- 
 • Governor, abstracted 
 ecurities were sold at 
 ,ht $1, '200— judgments 
 1839, the Safety Fund 
 was even then utterly 
 of the public funds- 
 lotes mentioned in the 
 md when Marcy was 
 ts notes be redeemable 
 lount of the fraudulent 
 only known to its cor- 
 
 dated Buffalo, Septem- 
 us proclaimed the faith 
 
 i create and perpetuate 
 paper money banks 
 ly monopolizing, have 
 he worst feature in the 
 large sums, ostensibly 
 
 BARKER, LEE, EATON, AND THE BUFFALO BANKS. 
 
 91 
 
 left the confiding stockholder without remedy, when a failure took place. He 
 had no faith in tne commissioners, who would rely on the statements to be given 
 by bank officers, and prove no check at all to mismanagement. The commih- 
 sioners would have an unbounded aud very dangerous influence, and form a 
 connecting link between all the institutions, foi political or any other combina- 
 tions they might think necessary ; and the whole machinery prove an unsafe 
 monopoly, nothing short of despotism. 
 
 I am very well satisfied, that an honest, efficient system could be devised 
 without difficulty, by which this country would have a sound currency, portable, 
 
 " for public improvements, but in reality for party purposes, and the granting of charters for 
 " banks, with which to strengthen the hands of party leaders. I would sanction nothing but 
 "silver and gold as a circulating medium." This fellow puts me in mind of the sharper 
 Jenkinson, in the Vioar of Wakefield. He had silver on his tongue, but did not forget to 
 abstract $150,000 of the bank funds, with the aid of his more tolerant partner in leather, Macy. 
 The hank, through a committee, gave up good securities to debtors, and took the Tonawanda 
 Bank in lieu of them, capital Sl^O.OOO, Imt not worth one cent. In Nov. 1839, the bank, by 
 Lf-wis Eaton (Van Burcn's ex-safety fund com'r) its president. General Barker, attorney and 
 director, L. P. Allen, no whig of "lii, and the other directors, appointed three of themselves a 
 I ominittce " to take collateral securities, or extinguish doubtful debts." Stephen White, L. P. 
 Allen, and Jed. H. Lathrop were chosen, and wont to work and made a settlement of the afiairs 
 ot'the bank, concerning which Marcy swears " that the same was made with intent to defraud." 
 I need not tell you that as their hii>th('r in the att'air. Barker, was elected Attorney General by 
 thosa who had got rich by such knavery, and their ab<'ttors and supporters, there were no c.on- 
 vii'tinns cither !« statute or common law. George P. Barker appears to have borrowed largely, 
 $13,000 with Vandervoort, ;$ 1 0,000 on his stock, known to him to be utterly •» ^rthless, $3,000 
 tin Ohio city, &c. Let honest republicans keep in mind, that afler Barker had brought forth 
 and buried this infamous hank, Flagg, Marcy, O'SuUivan, Dix, Corning, Paulkner, Davezac, 
 M. Hotfrnan, Van Buren, and the party leaders selected him for Attorney General of the 
 State, while tlic Syracuse (Jonvention that naine(i Van Buren tor president on a second term, 
 put Attorney Barker and Col. Young on their ticket as state electors. 
 
 The Bank of Buffalo, another safety fund concern, of which Hiram Pratt was President and 
 John R. Lee cashier, chose Orlando Allen as its President on the death of Prat'., whom a fear 
 tif premature discoveries of villainy hastened to his grave. It failed in 1840, and had issued 
 many thousands of dollars of its paper, as money, beyond the limit allowed by law, i*s officers, 
 .Mien and Lee, solemnly swearing to the contrary before the commissioners. A Buffalo grand 
 jury, on what was believed to be unquestionable testimony, indicted Lee and Allen for the 
 P-TJury — they were arrested and held to bail, Allen, if memory serves ine, being out of the way 
 and brought back. It is reported that the banks lent their notes to the brokers at regular 
 interest, with an understanding, &c.. that the brokers shaved (exacted usury) as close as ihey 
 irould, tlirit the profits wcrt; divided between the brokers and the president and directors of the 
 banks, and that when discounts were applied for, they woulti say "we can't do it — Lee, the 
 broker can — away to Lee." Two per cent, a month, &c., followed, of course. This may or 
 may not be so — but as Lee is a fair spoken, plausible person, ;.nd as Allen quotes Barker's 
 citse, and says they all do it, I wrote a friend in Buffalo to send me all the papers containing 
 ■the trial or any part of the proceedings, as Barker was the prosecutor, and the case of unusual 
 interest to the whole country. Here is the result. " Buffalo, Nov. 30, 1843. W. L. Macken- 
 ' zie. Sir: General Barker has just concluded his speech in the trial of John R. Lee, the 
 "ca.shier, for perjury in swearing to false returns. The evidence contains some strange 
 i' developments in banking. The judge proceeds with his charge — the verdict you will get 
 ■'■ to-morrow. The trial excites much interest, and the newspapers containing the best report I 
 " will send to you." Soon afler, the N. Y. papers said he was acquitted, ana my friend wrote 
 ^a.5ain — " Ev^ry Buffalo paper is silent on the details of Lee's trial — he was acquitted, but tliere 
 "was perjury or its equivalent somewhere, and enough of it too. Why the public journals, 
 ]" which often copy very unimportant issues in the courts, should have all omitted this very 
 )" important one, you can guess as near the truth as, yours truly." The end of the Buffalo banks, 
 1 13 in all, was hopeless insolvency, fraud in not a few, and the honest part of the community 
 tin Ohio, New York, Canada, Indiana, &c., were cheated, as before by Van Buren's first bank, 
 land by similar characters, too. Had the evidence in Lee's case justified the verdict, or had 
 iihe attorney general been any other than a character steeped in bank corruption ; had he been 
 jardent to search for, produce, and duly examine the witnesses that might have been fbrthcomicg. 
 jeither would Lee's exculpatory testimony been heralded to his credit, or the verdict provca 
 • some atonement to a pillaged people. All may have been right — but I have witnessed triida 
 tin thib state which were so managed as to make me more than suspicious. 
 
 ■•.!,» 
 
 >■ 
 
ft, 
 
 92 
 
 WEBSTER, JACKSON, LIVINGSTON; THE N. Y. CITY BANKS. 
 
 
 .Vy>' ■■■;■: 
 
 w^<- 
 
 .>: f. 
 
 1 I 
 
 
 suitable for coinmercp, and yet not be exclusively metallic ; but it does not 
 appepr probable that Van Bureii had any wish for such a currency at this time, 
 Goni al Jackson said he knew " a very good plan of a bank," but when I wrote 
 some of bis cabinet advisers, they had never seen it. Webster's language, in 
 January, 1S34, was very judicious. While he denounced the pets, he said to 
 governtneiit, t-ll us of a better plan than the U. S. Bank, and we will adopt it, 
 " For the convenience of the government and of the country," said he, " there 
 must be some bank, and he should w ish to hear the views of the administration. 
 He was not so wedded to this bank, as not to be willing to hear any other plan 
 which human ingenuity might devise, if any other feasible scheme could be 
 devised." 
 
 The following extract fiom Jackson's Farewell Address of JMarch, 1837, 
 appears to me to exhibit other feelings and principles than those of 1829 and 
 18M. \Vhy did he fo.ster the state banks for eight years, and then condemn 
 them ? 
 
 The planter, the farmer, the mechanic, and tlic laborer, all know that their siicces.': depeiK'v 
 upnn their own industry and economy, and that ihcy must not e.xpect to becume .suddenly rirL 
 h\ the fruits of their toil. Yet these classes of .society form the great body of the people of ih? 
 ('. y., they are the bone and sinew of the coinitry ; men ulio love liberty and desire nothiiii; 
 but equal I'ii^hts and equal laws, and Mho moreover hold the great mass of our nation;.. 
 'A'ealth, although it is ai.'-tributcd in moilerate arnoimts among the millions of freemen uliu 
 pcs.ses.s it. But, with overwhelming numbers and wealth on their side, ihey are in consim,; 
 danger of losing tiieir fair influence in the government, and with difliculty maintain their jii> 
 rights against the incessant etturts daily made to encroach uiion then. 'I'he mischief spring 
 I'rom the [lower wliich the moneyed interests derive f). mi a paper curiency, which tiicy arc 
 able to control ; trom the imdtitudi' of corjiorations with exclusive privileges, which ihey ha\- 
 succecde(l in obtaining in the diil'ereni st.'ilcs, and which are employed altogether for llieii 
 benelii ; and tmlr.ss yiui become more wat(;hfiil in your states, and check this snirii of uioin- 
 l>oly and thiisl tin- e.'cclu.-ive privileges, you will in the end find tluit the most important powns 
 of government have been given or bartered away and that the control over your uearesl iutenH> 
 }ias pa.ssed into the hands of tliesc corjKU-ations!" 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 
 his measures 
 made then. 
 .■.iiicly was, 1 
 tbrm— he de 
 roguery of bi 
 Roman despi 
 system had ac 
 nursed, and 
 warnings. \ 
 was now pre] 
 make money 
 of plenty of 
 .scarcity,) or I 
 was the closi 
 questions afFe 
 lore them, an 
 ^ikill, science 
 printed. Acl 
 evidence forr 
 promote the i 
 inquiries, like 
 would be too 
 Such is th 
 which, Silas 
 Feb. 26, 183 
 lie, it has, in 
 
 »/Z/'ift/iy .Bunk and State Union. — Enrflish mode of Bank Imnnnen. — Silm 
 l\'n(/ht. — -Vru- York Banks prntcnt arjainst Van Bvrm\s Mulnal Inwraiicf 
 Compuntj.- — iV, N. Banto/i, ashadij Bank Man. — Correspondence on Banks — 
 Opinions of Old Safeti/ Funders. — Charles Stelibins. — 'J'/ic Dry J)oek Bank — 
 (renrrji fi. Davis. — Pe/rr Jiohinson. — '^/'/le JJIcrtiirnee.rintj Commission. — Tk 
 Broken Banks., their I'illaini/ and Botlenness. — The IVatcrrliel .Bank. — T. 
 il'. Cicult\s Bond. — Bank of Lyons. — Dishonest llercivers. — Egbert Olcott. 
 
 Van Bi rkn'.s Sal'ety Fund Act of 1829, is a regular union of bank and stale, 
 till' sliite was to protect the banks and lo control them.* lie found that to cam 
 
 ■ 'J'hi' Hunks ill New Vnrii— Uio Mi^rrliatits', City. MecliMiiics', I'lopiiiv, Uniim, 'PnidrcnienV, Biid Bunk 
 Aiiiciitii- »M-|iiil ii'iufW.ii-i, lull lliiy iil)jffli(l 111 ilii'liill, ill Siiiiilo, Maicli ao. lliiil i( Wiin wroni; lo innkilU 
 wlicpic I iiiii: liiuiK-* i('>iiiii.>^ibl< lor i-;irli oilirr'H ciiiiiliici luiil iiiiinMi;tiiii 111— tlinl in -ifl yms "iily fivi' rharlin 
 1 1 y liiiiik:' liml tiiili'i!- Il;:it wiilh.iit il |i;iiil up r;i[iii!il iii.il liiili.l'iil .•iiiV. caiiiiblc UiriTtii f, Viin Biiicn's plan vim. 
 lie n> r'Miit'ily .-ii nil, tiiiil w Mil llifst-, li wiis tiul U'(|iiiri'il— lliiil llin lliri'i' coiniiilssiiini rn wuiild lie ii doliini'iii • 
 lli<: imlilic. Jiiiil !i I'alsr. il!-'.jiiiiiiiili'<l .>-c<,iirity. hocaine no lljrto men cciiilil niiik"- tlu' <i>iii|ili'l<' liiBprciHiiiH. li 
 quirii''' ami I'.MUiiiiiatiDiis iici-rssaiy iii riilljl llic iiilciilioii iil llio piiilioscd law. and sii|)(rfii'ial liiqiiiiies wmi: 
 tlrreivt: lln' Milvi'iit, wi'll niaiiai;! il liiiiiki.. incoiiraiji; I'liiinl, and dcrply liijuri' itn' rniintry In Itic Iniig run— iK 
 itii' (lowtT qh.-M to the Sicniary of tlic Trra.'-iiry tu liiHi'iM't ili^ roiidnct nl' the I', S. Bank had provi'd dpliitlv 
 till' vast iiiii'iiliit (irilr;iil( i.iiirn iia\iny iniirly ruined il hcl'nrt; tin kin-w thai niiylliinu wa.'- wromi— ihal iiii jiriivi 
 KJim tiad b'di inadi' that n rual and coniiiotent nipitnl Klimild lie ri'ijulied wfieii m w rliiwiciH wiit granliil, no 
 Ibiit the Kinck sliuiild no int i tli - liniid.i u{ real lioiiii fide stocklioldiTB, mid not Intn tlic kei'pinp nf spifulaion 
 V. Bun n <t Co. wimid liavn lost, and Uie people saved inlllion.'" liy such an honest provHiO i mb ihis. 
 
 On till' 4iti iif Apiil, Mr. V. b. Riiillh asked leave to withdraw tlie inemnrlHls I'roiii the N. V. city boiiku; ut 
 Mr. C, L. MviiifMliiii, wluiee tree biiak letters uppear in ihiH volume, liuly remarked, lliut ihoir iiianutters It* 
 
 : siw tliat " the trr. 
 wiialil be" very a 
 UM 11" U till- Siiii' 
 iiiived fnini nttii'e 
 In l-ii, «n V.ii 
 ill mi-1 ill \Ki 
 cijiilal was $:ii,.)(, 
 liiiiil iirciiui'.t i!ivei< 
 Jnariialof IH-.>*>, sh 
 l)iniri''t Attonii'y 
 li'idnr-, lint went ■ 
 .■iiiil Hai;er. tniii.ili 
 lirmulit .ibmit and 
 liiidi Allen niDVeil 
 111 biailc tihall pure 
 jiv any bank lor ii 
 '"I prnpoiillliiM a 
 ll.iiiu'liliin, voted it 
 III RiiHalo, 
 
 ■Oiir Secrcliiry 
 
 ili'iSnatesliow tJ 
 
 liliL-alnorili, Slltll 
 
 :iviiwfd frankly w 
 
 •i» In iiieaiw. pnivli 
 
 , iiy tbi- pi'iiple to 111) 
 
 ■ liaviT.vf hilled him 
 
 I iHIMiilailelphiii am 
 
 • icaili'r 8llrpri^lt■d til 
 
 Id lie ilieaied, ami 
 
 While Van Bun 
 
 vision, that each h 
 
 Hint nn dividend li' 
 
 tliefiiiidnol'thi' III' 
 
 Ciincy ilock'* In gei 
 
 Purler, Itiihbnrd, I 
 
 tliii bill itsi'ir, ofci 
 
 irs', Ijoekpnrt. Uhn 
 
 ('fiarles Siebbiii! 
 
 ill the senate for tl 
 
 proyi'menta for itif 
 
 I tit) Regency and t 
 
TY BANKS. 
 
 WRIGHT, SMITH, EATCN, BENTON, ALLEN, STEBBINS 
 
 93 
 
 •v;':i 
 
 llio ; but it does not 
 irrenoy at this time. 
 ," but when I wrote 
 ?bster's language, in 
 the pets, he said to 
 md we will adopt it. 
 ry," said he, " there 
 f the administration, 
 hear any other plan 
 lie scheme could be 
 
 ss of March, 1837, 
 n those of 1829 ami 
 , and then condeinn 
 
 lat their siicres.'; (iepend' 
 o l)ecuir.f' .suddenly rirl, 
 lody of the people of ilie 
 .I'rtV and desire nolhinc 
 t nias.s of our nation;,, 
 lillioiis of freemen \vliu 
 de, lliey are in constai;, 
 ully maintain their ju>' 
 The mischief spring- 
 uieiiey, which tiiey arf 
 •ilef,'e.s, which ihey hia? 
 ived altoijetlicr fur iheii 
 •civ tliis .'^Dirii i)f inoiiif 
 ;■ most iniporlant powtis 
 :er vour uearesl inlcrok 
 
 ik J7i(jiniips. — Siks 
 s Miiliial l7}suranc.i 
 ondvnce. on Bunks — 
 ( Dry Ihnk Bank — 
 I (Jomniission. — Th 
 atcrvliet Bank.—'!, 
 ■i.— Egbert Olcott. 
 
 n of bank and state 
 e found that to cam 
 
 'I'laclrvniciiV, Riiil Bank 
 
 it wiiM wrmm lo niiikiiln 
 
 ■in yciirs niily tivi" rliarlitic 
 
 OH, 'Villi Biiicn'* plan wnti 
 
 II I'll wmilil lit' a driiislnii i 
 
 till' COIllllll'lf iimlH'I'tMlllMl 
 
 I sn|itrtiri.il liiquiiit'!' Willi! 
 iiiitry III Ihc Iniig riiii-lli 
 . Bnnic Imil provrd ^lelll^lv' 
 t wiis \\ rona — llliit no prill 
 cliiirifrM \M ii- (jriinliil, m' 
 til"' kei'pinir of sptHnilnloii 
 rovt>:o I iiR 'h\it, 
 I thp N. V. i-lty bankn; in 
 d. tliut iliuir iiianiiK«rs tn 
 
 his measures, the temper of the times required such a proposition to be artfully 
 made then. In 1837, in special session, when the villainy, wholesale as it 
 .Mirely was, had been fully accomplished, and the people duly plundered in that 
 (•„j.,ii — he ilenounced his old scheme, pretended to he horror-struck at the 
 roi^uery of bank and slate unions, ami advised their repeal. Young said that 
 Roman despotism could not have done a lithe of tlu' injury which the monopoly 
 system had accomplished ; but he forgot, like Van iJuren, lo tell thai he had uphLld, 
 nursed, and gained gold by it, in the teeth of Tompkins and Clinton's solemn 
 waniin"'^- Van Buren had plundered one class by liis sham safety iund ; he 
 was now prepared to plunder another by his subtreasury. I'hat scheme would 
 make money scarce, and oblige the man who had mortgaged his estate in tinxes 
 of plenty of paper, (lor paper promises, to pay in L>;old and silver in times of 
 scarcity,) or forfeit the inheritance of his fatlu'r.s. TtK; l)ankrupt law of 16-1'J. 
 was the closing scene. In ISIG, 182o, and 1832, the British Parliament had 
 questions affecting the currency before them, and special committees called be- 
 fore them, and carefully examined bankers, nrei-chants, manufacturers, men of 
 :>kill, science, and experience : the whole was taken down in shorthand and 
 printed. Action followed at a future session. One of these reports and the 
 evidence forms a large; folio. Mere the grand i[ue;jti()n is — What coarse will 
 promote the interest of the leaders of the party f Tedious, thou^rh invaluable 
 inquiries, like those made in London, might .save millions to the people, but the}' 
 would be too tnonarchical I 
 
 iSuch is the operation of V^an Buren's deceptive Safety Fund, concerning 
 which, Silas Wright, in reply to Henry Clay, in the U. S. Senate, Wednesilay 
 Feb. 26, 1831, said, " 1 verily believe, that n\ consulting the safety of the pub- 
 lic, it has, IN TiiK DEST MANNER, consulted the greatest safety of the banks."* 
 
 !ii\v Hint "till' trr.iii ol' ili-;i tir i\ml ernlinrriissinoiit tliul wniild lollow Itc fiilnplioii of llie p.'w iViiijiliiI sysaiu 
 wu'.ilil be" very L'riat— 'iiil -m it |irovi;il In ilii! loiiji run I (in^-uiin) lliat Siiiilli's i)()])n-<iuon whs not t'orsoifi n — 
 iii:\t li" is llii' Smith of wlium CoiUliiiL'ton iVIt iilriiiil, (pas^L-s -203 uiul :iiJD,; n.iiJ ilm Siiiilli wlinm l'>ilk lias rt- 
 iiiiveil frmii olVn'i' to inike way lor (Jillotl. 
 
 In l^ii, on V.<!i Biiri.'n':j pniioiplt,' oi' Sutily (!) 'J;> lianks wore cliarlorrd— in 1S30, only 8—18 in IS'U— Ci 
 ill IS3i-7 ill If!!-'!, anil '-il in Irillt ami l-<:ii In all riicii'ty. On lliu lii-t ol' January. \Ki'. tli'lr nominal 
 iiipiul was $;).',.>01.-«)<)— llieir c.i-ii sj,.')iiJ,;! !", rinil llii'lr imlos In rirriila'iiin as in m-'V .*iy'.',i)i>.'j,l •■.'■!. An nl- 
 liiiiil nocour.t nives llirir [irolit i iit iiiiiro lliiii livi- iiiilil'iiis ot clillii-i. In May t'lrv s^opi payin-iit. Tin; S'lmic 
 Jn;irii:il of IH-JD, shows tli>' woikini; oitlif niifliiiwry ili'it yi'ar. N. S. li^'nton, oll.ii.li; F.ilis. ri-coicly llio [J. S. 
 Disirii't Attorni'y for Nurtln'm N. V.. ami now Soi'ri't iry of Siht, w.is uicii a S natiir. lli' v;it<il with tins 
 Icirlcrs. lint wcni ■jiainstf' cliartpis, all oi vvliii-li wern rrjeotml. ImmiIoh, .S. Alli':), ({oiiinlns 'Pliriioii, S.eliliiiis, 
 .■mil Haiifr. toiiiali;i\\ Ui'il the llutrhor.-i ami Diovers' llink, Im" a li-'ii;:- uiu!in>lan'iin» « illi llin rrsjiiii'y w.is 
 lirimi>lit .ihoiit and iirxt vi^ar tlir hill passi'il. Ni'arly ih'' saiiii> p;ir.li's nnilril aj; iin-n i.ivoral nilior liank!-. Sii:- 
 lilipii Allen niDVPil an exrelli'nt ilaiiso in Ihi' Safrty Kniiil l.tiw, iliat no iliicctor, oliicrr or a);iMi! of any cli.irt.'r- 
 111 blink shall purchaso or bn intProst«il in the pnrcliaso by iitlni!*, ol any hank noli'. Iimul, or oblin.uinn i.siu'il 
 liv nny bank for a li^ss snni than llit? men of saiil n.iir. Imnil, iVc, nmlir i ponaliy. \ .S. Bmiton i/aVL' this imn- 
 1 «t propoallinn u ilpi'iilril noiiativo, ami Willi IjOwIs lOatoii, tiayili a. lla;;t'r, Sii'lihins, Wlii'i'lir, Wafi'inria, and 
 llaiiulitim, voti'il it down I No wonder they niado Hji lu n hank coinmissi mer, aii.l prisidcnt of tlio Ciiy li.mk 
 111 RiiHalo. 
 
 •(liir t'l'crclary of Statf, N. S Bpnton, U a vrry snituli!' iii'Miniliont for iIio'p who fleeted him. Hi-i votrs in 
 lliiS'iiHli! show ttiat lin is rutfiMi to tin ■ very roi>'. His iiiIii-(M< th' iiTonipiiisi' of fait' Inn i srrvitiiili'. I In is a dn- 
 |illciil"nri)t. SnthiMla d of Philadnlphia, wliosi' U'tli'i- liTius \o. 'J'j, paj;o l.-J ol' I'nn-osiiiindnnre. The laitrr 
 aviiwpil frankly what nil trailin;; poUti' iaiis think. Tli;'y rially hold ihi? masses in iMiitfinpi, .ml hcvit hositati: 
 .i» In II1BRHS, providod llit-y mny f;ain Itioir snitish ninls. VtH rliosc nun aio siicce.isfnl while liitli' roL'nrd is iwnl 
 iiyth'^pi'iiple ni hoiU'St, capahli", imohtrnsivi' persons. Ur. :Sn;h:;ilatnr.« avowals, oin: wonlil have thoiii:iii, uomd 
 li.ivi'cxclniled him theroafliM- i,nm polilical favor ; ; i'.ilyi;t In- has sc.ari'i'ly hoi'ii ouiofortic- ever fini'o I the pi'0| le 
 nrPblliilelphia and Ihr- H. S, i.;overnnient LTaii'li:.; nlin i-i all his ipipmsts, boili I'.ir lilnis>'lf ami fninily I Is tlie 
 icaili.'r surprised 'hat Swiss iniilliply ! Dot's It ii it s oin lliiit. as the IJIhlc tells us of old times, the people, lovn 
 111 lie iheaied, and heap honor..i on tlieir dereivrrs with their ivit open ! 
 
 While Van Bnren's L-enoral moasiire was lief ire the Seivite. Sli phen Allen pinpn'ed to improve it liy a |ir' 
 vision, that each bank certify on oath that its iiipUal was piiiil up and entlro hel'ore lis eli irler riiuld be reiewid, 
 ilml no dividend be made ontot r al prolits, thai none of the capit i| h.' divided except by virtue of law, ami ilnit 
 thefiniilsof the liHiik ehnnld not lie used by the nian.i!i[>'r.- in speculating in the Htoeks of other conipa'iles, iiml 
 fincy stocks in general. S eretary Bentnu was aliiiost elonn.'iit in Ins oppmiilion to this prop'siil, ami, with 
 Porlfr, llubbnrd, Itayden, StehhhH. and On I!. 'I'liro ip. the Aiilmiii ha'iker. vntnl nitainst it — but he viifd tor 
 the hill itself, of ronr.-e, and nUo for the ehariers ol tli.' Mohawk B ink, Btnk of .M.uiroe, I'arin' r.s and Mcchiiu- 
 irs', I,oekport, Ithncn, Vaii";C'>., tlllen, I'uliiain L'n., &••. 
 
 Charlen Riebbins, loo. wa-i ii Hteinly, un|n'iniipl"d instriinieiil of Van Buren. m these times. lie lno!< li'w i^eat 
 ill the senate for the .Ith district. In .Tnnnnry, If J'i— vofd .steadily for ilie party cimriers In 18*), and against iiii- 
 prnyi'ments for the pm'ertinn of the InneHt storkholder and bill holder — proved hims'ilf (It to he a go-between for 
 ■ifw Regency and the Bantts— sat as president of Hit; senate, when Tliroup took Van nurens place— unrt wlicn hii 
 
 I. • ' ■■ 
 
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 94 A VIEW OF WRIGHT, BUTLER, AND VAN BUREN's SANDY HILL SAFES. 
 
 Twelve years after, at Albany, as Governor, (Jan. '46,) Mr. Wright changed 
 his tone, and said that ** That legislation which equalizes the benefits and bur- 
 dens of government, and attempts to secure no special advantages to any, will 
 diffuse prosperity throughout a community .... attempts to confer favors by 
 law upon classes or localities, produce a competition de:>tructive to profitable 
 
 industry ; a strife, not to earn but to gain the earnings of others The 
 
 tendency of this false system is to separate capital from productive labor, and, 
 carried out to its full extent, will produce the singular result, that he who labois 
 least may accumulate the most, and he who works the hardest may know the 
 most want." These latter views are borrowed from Burke — are correct — and 
 
 at variance 
 years of his 
 To that vs 
 
 reason^ 
 
 term was nut, Throop and the Senate made him the bank commiHsloner of the state, much to the delight of the 
 banki, who wanted a bank-Jobber and not astern, upriijlit agent, to exercise tlie inquisitorial powers, nHmed in 
 the bill to make it palatable to the million, but never meant to be used tot their benefit. On the 6tli of May, 
 1837, wlirn the D17 Dock Bank, N. Y., shut itii doors on the public, owing itij stockiiolderit $43O,U0O — to country 
 bank* 9260,000— to other city banks $316,500— to depotjitorM $I64,H0O— to the U. !j. $^,000, as a |)et— to the N. 
 Y. State treasury, as a pet at Albany aleo— nnd to its bill-liulders $'-"00,000 nearly— one of the SAFETY Fund Com- 
 miRiioners stood on the steps of the Bank and assured the citizens that Iir liad examined it, and nil was safe! '. It 
 had just $15,705 in tipecic — $400,000 of its funds had been lent to three Wall street leeclies, to s^Miculate on, and 
 the directors pretended that they did not know it ! ! Who siitt'ered for the false books, false entries, false inspec- 
 tions, and false directors in this easel No unc. The Argus and tliu Atlas babble about cqutil rights, and mock 
 the victims of party crime, always with impunity. 
 
 Cieorge R. Davis, of Troy, was little troubled with principle, not without ability, and paid his court nssiduouily 
 to T. W. Oicott. In the Asseniltly, in tlie winter of 1830, he was fishing for the office of bank runmilssioner 
 and declared in debate that he was the uncompromi^iin^ enemy of the ITnited States Bank, and would never cease 
 his liostility till it ceased to exist. Olcoit was delighted, and in 30 days Davis was a liuiik commissioner, through 
 Olcott's influence, for the N. Y. banks had then no vote. In 1831, we liinl tiie bunks sending their conmiissioner, 
 to the legislature, as iu Speaker, 91 to 30, while Peter Robinson, of Broome, the Speaker of 1829, who had voted 
 against the whole scheme as injurious to his country, was ostr.iciued. 
 
 Major Reese, the Commissioner iippointed by the western banks, was not, like Stebbins tind Davi?, a follower 
 of Van Buren, but tlic party located new banks west, changed the vote next time, displaced Reefi;, elected Lewi:, 
 Eaton, a friend of Silas Wright, and the tliree bank conmiissioncrs then formed au available travellini;, election- 
 eering committee, to advance Van Buren, Marcy, Flagg, Hoyt, Butler and Wright's fortunes, duly salaried 
 and paid by a generous public. Bills were passed from time ti- time for lending out tlie Htutc funds to this pet 
 bank, or that, at a low rale of interest, (m which large prolitji were made by the borrowers, witli a secret un 
 derstaiiding that certain men should have certain sums lent them. Tlie machinery was made to suit till 
 IStn, and then a new leaf was turned over to get more gain to the few by deceiving tlii.'ir brother men. 
 
 When the banks refused to redeem their issues, or repay tlie funds deposited in their vaults, in May, 1837, tlin 
 people found no safety in the safety fund. Those who required specie liad to sell bank notes for what tln'y 
 would fetch to obtain it. To meet absolute insolvencies nearly two millions of dollars have been paid since 
 1829, part by the banks and part by the state. 
 
 Erastus Corninsr, Albert Lester, and K. B. Tnlcott, the Senate's Committee, .Innimry, 1845, state that the di- 
 rectors and managers of the following broken hanks, viz : \\\p City Bank, Bullalo, f Attorney General BarkerV,| 
 tlie Bank of Buffalo, the Commercial Bank of Buffalo, the Wayne Co. Bank, the Banl* of Lyon.", the Uiinmer- 
 eial Bank of Oswego, and tlie Clinton Co. Bank, eacli of tliem insolvent .safety I'nnil concerns, took care to re- 
 quire neither bond nor security, either from their cashiers, tellers, clerks, or other nllicers, to ensure thr>ir faithful 
 conduct, and protect the stockholders and the public against embezzlements. Van Biiren's regency coinini»sion- 
 ers winked at all this, and tlieir wliig sncce--.sorB were not one whit more clear-siclited. The VVatervliet Bank 
 tO')k an excellent security m tlio prudent and pious T. W. Oicott, but the undergtnnilinv between ilii; chancellor 
 and his receiver seems to be that tlie creditors of the bank do not need that money. I lind none of tlie reports of 
 the Receivers on the H.Miate's journal, but enoniih of matter in which society have a much ainallcr interest. 
 Tlierewere$I,2'21,843duetolheBank(if Buffalo, when It failed, Nov. 1841 ; Walwortli appointed S. Y. Austin, 
 Receiver, in 1812, and up to Jan. 1615, he hud collected only $82,839. Out of $543,4'.<0 of notes and obligations iliiu 
 by llie public to the Clinton Bank, wiiich failed, April, 1842, tlie receiver had colh'cti'd liut $7t),01!l In several 
 years— and the Lyons Bank (wors-i still) had yielded to T. R. Strong of Palinyru, the Receiver.oniy $37,145, out of 
 S.I8.>,e08 of debts. The Senate's Committee tell, that of tlio good notes, well secured, or giMid lioiids, belonginj; 
 to the Commercial Bank of Butl'alo, the Bank of Buffalo, and the Clinton Co, Bunk, and whii'li euiild have been 
 collected in full, the (democratic) Receivers had, in certain cast's, sold the notes to the deiitDrs or their friends, or 
 compromised the debts, FOR NOMINAL e^UMS, thus defrauding tlie |ieople of ili<' state, putting its justice to 
 shnuic, and causing the enemies of American freedom to n jolce at these new evidences of iis feeblenei<s. As il' 
 in mockery of the injured, Messrs. Corning, Lester, and Talcott gravely recommend that all further mvestigalions 
 needful Co protect the people, may l«c referred to Attorney General John Van Buren : fee t?enate Uoc. 18, 1845, 
 
 I tiiid, by reference to Senate IJot. No. 118, of lust year, that the Receiver of the VVatervliet Bank, in which 
 Colonel Young was a large stockholder, had informed the Senate's Committee tliat the cashier 'f tliat bank had 
 tied the country, and that he "is supposed to iinve been guilty of official miscondiiclof the grossest ciinractcr, ami 
 to have embezzled in various ways n large amount of tliij funds of the Bank.'' Tlic affairs of this Bank have 
 been H long time ill the hands of this Receiver, (appointed by Chancellor Walwortli, whose duty it is to make 
 hull (blhll his obligations,) but although a liond signed by Thomas W. Olrott, and Tlieoilore Oicoit, his brollier, 
 ill the penally of $20,000, is in his hands, as u security tliat Egbert Oicott, (the runaway delinqiient cashier,) 
 would do his duty, and act honestly to the Bank ; and nitliongh the Olc<itt« are wcuitliy and the Banii insolvent 
 through the mis(»iidiict of their relative, the Receiver's last re|iort is, that " no part of sniil bond has been col 
 leeted, nor any suit brought thereon." The Wiitervliet Bank failed In March, 18|2 ; iis asset.s amounted tn 
 $21)3,379— and the Receiver (Who is hel) had up to January, 1845, collecied only $19,459 of the money, i.'. 
 Mnrdock, who succeeded K. Olooit, as cashier, wrote Comptroller Flagg, April 27, 1842, that the Farmers and 
 Mechanics' Bank then held $50,062 of the paper of the Watervllet, on wlilcli it had agreed to pay Interest. 'The 
 assets of the Wayne Co. Bank, consisting of judgments, mortgagi's, bonds, notes, stocks, and real estate, amount- 
 ing to $235,000, wore sold by auction at Rochester, for $13,000, in July, 1845. This shows what safety fuiiil!!, 
 eommisaloners, receivers, and chancery injunctions are worth to the public as a protection from fraud. 
 
 and 
 
 of Marcy, 
 When the pi 
 hacks of pat 
 about for p< 
 with a circu 
 sylvania, ant 
 North Amer 
 loped. Mai 
 Buren at tht 
 and look for 
 log-rolling a 
 moral and c 
 would borro 
 step-ladder, 
 allow the a> 
 would comp 
 legislation ii 
 " drippings t 
 at usurious i 
 could be got 
 the mercnan 
 to speculate 
 street (p. 17! 
 
 Jackson Elec 
 itrni's Gent 
 King Geo 
 IVheeliny, 
 and Wrigh 
 dell.—Ril 
 ktr.—Rik 
 blea.— W> 
 Muhlenhm 
 
 After th< 
 and when < 
 
)Y HILL SAFES. 
 
 . Wright changed 
 3 benefits and bur- 
 iitages to any, will 
 o confer favors by 
 ;live to profitable 
 
 lers The 
 
 luctive labor, and, 
 ^hat he who labois 
 ;st may know the 
 -are correct — and 
 
 luch to the delight of the 
 iitorial powers, nHmed lii 
 Btit. On the 6th of May, 
 ICM $430,000— to couiilry 
 10,000, au a iM!t- to the N. 
 the SAFETY Fund Com- 
 it, and all was safe I ! It 
 :lieei, to speculate on, and 
 false entries, false iospec- 
 II equal rightH, and mock 
 
 )aid hiH court assiduously 
 e of hank ronimlssioner 
 ik, and would never cease 
 Ilk commissioner, through 
 nding their commissioner, 
 er of mi29, who had voted 
 
 liiis and Davi?, » follower 
 reed Rcefe, elected Lewis 
 ilahle travelliii)!, election- 
 's fortuni^s, duly salaried 
 c State funds to this pet 
 owers, with a secret un 
 Ty was made to suit till 
 ng tlieir hrother men. 
 vaults, in May, ie37, the 
 bank notes for what llicy 
 ars have been paid since 
 
 y, 1845, state that the di- 
 
 oriiey GencrnI Barker^,] 
 
 k of Lyons, the (^mmtr- 
 
 jnceriis, took care to re- 
 
 to ensure tliPir faithful 
 
 's resency commission- 
 
 The Watervliet Bank 
 
 hetweeii ilii! chancellor 
 
 none of the reports of 
 
 iiiiich 8:iiallcr interem. 
 
 iippointod S. Y. Austin, 
 
 )tesan(l obligations line 
 
 Inn $7t),OI!t ill several 
 
 iver.only $37,145, out of 
 
 ir ^'iHid lionds, belonging 
 
 wliich cuiild have been 
 
 ■litDrs or their friends, or 
 
 ', piilljiig its justice to 
 
 if lis feebleuctis. As if 
 
 all further investigations 
 
 !0 t^enate Doc. 18, 1845. 
 
 utervliet Bunk, in which 
 
 asliier 'f that bank had 
 
 Id 
 
 le grossest clinractcr. ami 
 'airs of this Bunk have 
 Inise duty it i.i to make 
 iliire Uluolt, his brother, 
 vay delinqiieni cashier,) 
 iind the Bank insolvent 
 nici bond has been I'.ol 
 iis assets aiuounled In 
 ,45'J of the money, (.;. 
 !, that the Farmers and 
 lid to pay Interest. Tlie 
 uid real estate, amount- 
 >W8 what safety fund^i 
 from IVaud. 
 
 FLAGG, HOYT, MARCY, AND THE FREE BANKS. 
 
 95 
 
 at variance with the governor's conduct as a politician, for the last twenty-two 
 years of his life. 
 
 To that valuable class of citizens who have the time and opportunity to read, 
 reason, and reflect, the letters of Flagg, Livingston and Cutting, and the remarks 
 of Marcy, in pages 174 to 1S2 of this volume, must prove very interesting. 
 When the privileged system had been pushed to its umost limit by the jaded 
 hacks of party, and no more money could be made on that tack, they wheel 
 about for pelf and popularity, abuse their own handywork, and go for banks, 
 with a circulation founded on Arkansas, Illinois, Mississippi, Michigan, Penn- 
 sylvania, and other state debts, and with privileges, the character of which the 
 North American Trust Co., and kindred coalitions of knavery, too soon deve- 
 loped. Marcy, page 174, boldly denounces the system that had placed Van 
 Buren at the head of the nation, Flagg would blow " the lobby " sky high, 
 and look forward from Plattsburgh banks and regency banking, with " scenes of 
 log-rolling and corruption," to times to come, in w hich a " decent regard to 
 moral and official purity " would be preserved by the party : Many (p. 17o) 
 would borrow Hoyt's experience to enable him to throw down Van Buren's 
 step-ladder, now no longer needed : Flagg would deiuolisli the usury laws, and 
 allow the avaricious to exact cent per cent, if the necessities of their debtors 
 would compel such conditions (p. 176) i Livingston would put a stop to all 
 legislation in favor of " chartered nuisances :" Voung was ready to draw his 
 " drippings of unclean legislation " from the banks, and lend cash on mortgage 
 at usurious rates, denounced from Genesis to Revelations, if the usury law 
 could he got rid of (p. 177, &c.) : and Hoyt and Butler would .squeeze from 
 the merchants their last dollar, through the Custom Hou.se and Betts's Courts, 
 to speculate with it, through the free bank of Beers, Stilwell & Co. in Wall 
 street (p. 179). 
 
 CHAPTER XXI : 1. 
 
 " Vice is undone if she tbrfrets her biitli, 
 And stoops IVoiu Angels tt) llie dregs of earth ; 
 But 'tis tlie I'all flegrades Iter lo a whore ; 
 Let greatness own her, andslie'.s mean no more. 
 Her birth, lier lieanty, eourts and erowds eont'ess ; 
 ('liasle Matrons praise her, and grave Bihiitips bles.';. 
 Hear iier black tnun^iet through the land proelaiin 
 Tl'.at Jj- Not to bk Count i'tkd ! .^ i.s the sham*". 
 In soldier, ehurehiiiaii, patriot, iiinn of power, 
 Tis avarice all, ainbilion is no more.' 
 
 Jackson Elect i.oneerimj. — Jacksonin fhc Suddlr. — Jurjt Cotu/rcss purr, — Sleven- 
 smih Genuine Golden Bait. — Wickliffe\s J'J.rperkiir''. — Diianc\s Thoughts. — 
 King George''s Slave Market. — IVho^s the >S7«? ;/ Teller. — Sfcreiisoii fond of 
 Wheeliny. —Blair and Ritchie, ur a Peep behind the Screen. — Cluff''s Puzzle, 
 and Wright^s and Benton''s Votes. — Stevenson yets to London. — Polk and Slid- 
 dell. — Ritrhie''s Hypocrisy. — He sivalloics the Gilded Bait. — A Fcep at Wal- 
 ker. — Ritchie 40 years ago. — The Washington Slave J\lart. — Congress Sham- 
 bles. — Wilkins, Buchanan, Barbour, Old Gurrow, Cumbreleng, Ellis, McLaue, 
 Muhlenhurg, ^'c. 
 
 After the election of John Quincy Adams by the House of Representatives, 
 and when General Jackson had been again announced as a candidate for the 
 
 f^.: 
 
 
 ■i- 
 
 .*'..' 
 
 :L 
 
 ;k'. ■ •" 
 
 ,*l 
 
 
 t. I 
 
 ■•'•'■'!, ri 
 

 J. r^ 
 
 I ■ 
 
 : I' 
 
 
 ^ 'I ■ 
 
 
 i; ." M' 
 
 
 wt 
 
 96 JACKSON ELECTIONEERING. CONGRESSMEN MUST NOT BE BiilBED. 
 
 office of PresiJent, he resigned his seat in the senate, and left the people to infer 
 what he would do if elected, by placing on record certain principles in his letter 
 
 of resigniitioii. 
 
 The following is an extract 
 
 5j- ■• Willi a vii.'u- It) snMiiiii nicne cft'LViually, in i>i-actico, llie axiom which divides the three 
 rj- j,'rt.ni ('lii>sfs (ilpduir inio iiKii'jx'ndcnt. fjniiMilutiinial cli<rl\s, I would impose a jirovi.sion 
 ^."'_r if.'iKkTin;^ any \r •miIht ol (•oiiga>>s ini'lijiibU'luotlicc' under the general governujent, during 
 KJ' 'li<-' it'iin ici- wiili.li hi.' was clci-a'd, atnl lor t\uj years thercalter. The etliict of such a con- 
 '^j'siiluliiHial pnivi>ioii i> iili\ knis. By it Congress, in a consiiierable degree, would be tree 
 ■C^r ihnii ilie c'diint'ciiur, uiili ilie E.veeiiiive Dejiartnicnt, which at present gives strong grounds 
 -r^f (>rapprelR'iisi(iii aiiM ieal(iu>y on ilie part of tin; people. But if this change in the constitu- 
 O"'lion shiinlii nui lie oi'iaiiied, and important appointments continue to devolve on the Repre- 
 j& seniaiives in Congress, it rc(juiies no depth of thought to he convinced that corruption will 
 3Zf be the order ol tlie <lay.''* 
 
 Mr. Adams had appointed Henry Clay, a Senator, his Secretary of State. 
 The above was inoaiit as a rebuke to Adams, and no doubt written with the 
 view of injuring the popularity of Adams and Clay, and with reference to the 
 next election. Like Polk's pledge to stand by the Baltimore resolutions on the 
 .' Itii degrro and naturalization, it was perfectly fair if it had been done in sin- 
 cerity and good faitli. 
 
 1 have shown tiiat .Jackson was so forgetful of principle as to attempt to 
 .seduce Duanu to abandon his principles or resign, by ottering him the rich bait 
 of the Russian embassy. What course did he pursue with Andrew Stevenson 1| 
 
 * ('imiiiliiint '('(.'Ills lis iMLivailiiia lierc as it was Ipplii'vcd to lie in Knqinnd lliiriy yrars ago. In a letter to the 
 iiliior 111' ;lii' K; . oliserMr. ilati'd April ^, If'ST, R. Wiclilillc larikly luliiiiis, that "t'.vtravafjance lias iiicrcaiivd 
 111 till! |iiililic ii\|ii>iii!itiii'i's iinill tiny .iiMoiint in nearly I'lirly inillioiia annually ; mkmueks op conorkkb arc 
 Ar.iKi; iiiii'rjHT .%M) MHii IN tiih; Kvf.ci.'tivk mahkk.t hoi'sk, this wikh.k rkvenuk and resourcks ok the 
 
 < itlJNTllV lIAVK liKKN DI.VnTETI TO ■rilli (.(IKRl) I' THIN AND I'OLLUTION ">K THE KLEUTIVK FHANCHINE. in Kulwldizillg 
 
 til'.' |iri ss anil hi ilir om:iiii/'..'i:i<>n (irciii|is oriiilicc liiinlcis and ntlicc lioldcrs, with means to carry our cleciioim 
 ly liiiiii'ry nnd I'iil-rliimil." It is tin' sanii' nciw, and worsi- than it was when WicklltTe peniK'd hia"sc«tiiing 
 • jiisiir." Kvt'M in ISl-', in NoviiiiliiT, i'ol. Dnanr had tn admit in tin." Jinrura. \\v' priss of Frunklin, that " tlii' 
 i;\ il- ol'dur pre iji: rmiii MrLMvcniiniMil, iili\ i.iiisly arise fiom this dill'errnct' nl' characters, hetwecn the represent- 
 Hiirv! (i»iii»i,' (■':'■ i'l-'i/i/r. ;inil the niirtisuntiilirrt! a.isrmhlrd tngelhrr ! Thi" sympnthics ofamhition, »eiriiitere!<t, 
 ^ r'liity, prill'', hiilil Mil the inriiilicis iif '.'overnnirnt toaclInT : tiii'y havo a cumiium intcrtut to keep Taithful to one 
 iiiKitliir — 111 cl.'ai ilii' pci'ple- tn oppros ih.'iii, and strip them of all power and privil(';;i'i<, that can any way in- 
 irn'i \i' Willi H'l' '^'irdiiic^i'iuri ni' :li' ir passinns. I, ike the iiiiiiiks in their clnistrr, coiisi cratid in the naimt ul' Und, 
 t.'iiy liBi:ii|i|i' llir i.istiuniiiits III llie ilcvil. Colli clid ti> pnilcct hlicriy, tliry liecoiiii' in I'actar/flH nflijrunta. In 
 till' ra-i' ol III ■ /,.i;i,'. .':11st' ni we mii^ht iiliiiosi siiy, 11 hand nfrnblirm. ,\ll poveriinients are naturally jealous ol 
 till' pnwer (.ItlK' |i dpi''. :iiiil mir- is nut :i whit less sn tliiiii tin' most despotic in Europt- or .\sial" 
 
 \Vr 111 list ni'o'ir poliiii al piiriiy, as coinpaied to Knrojie. Have we cause fur so (loiiif; .' It is triH! we are nut 
 ipilie so liuil i:i sniiii' r.'-:;i.i'is a< Hie hisli '.'ovcriiinent. We do not firt our <'xi'cuiives to lend nipnih<?r.s of con- 
 yii ss iiiniii V witlio It iiili rest, as I'ilt did, hut the money is placed where ahle and plausihie lools in Congress will 
 liiii liiiil II iii.-.i cr-sliji' -ill t e:i~iiry hanks, (h iiry GraUan, M. 1*., not many years njto, piihllshed the idl'i: of liis 
 cci'liratrd liitiier. II iiry Cima.i : and IVoin Hint work I S' h ct the following pa8.sage, in order that Aiinricans 
 lii.'iy compel' till' old iiiiiili' III' liiiyiiii; knaves wiih the new 1 
 
 " 'I'lii' letleis <>( l.iTil iJin'niiiL'haiii (1.111(1 Lieutenant of Ireland], shrtw liy what means the cause of the penplr 
 WHS di ftaied, (Kill wliiit till' Viiiroy ciinsidered to liu RUNnKKtNo a Hi:HVtCK to hi« sovkrkion. t'oriupint' 
 h'llli llmis' s ol' I'arlianun!, in order to keep the people 111 slavery ; dijiradini: the Peers tn purchase tlK't.'oiumons; 
 pristitotinu' tlir )ii'n-ioii lisi — 'hat L'lilf in \\ hi li he pro])OSed that his majesty should hiy the liirlHilent phunloni 
 o! piililic spiii ill Iri l.iiid : these wrre ihe fitilii!.' occupations of the Viceroy ; this WHu'what he calls ' bmi'Loy- 
 iNo His 1 iMK III TiiK iiLsT OK IMS MA.iKSTv's fiKiivtcK.' 'I'lie Declaration of Kights proposed hy Mr. lirattan, he 
 e illid an ' iiiiinoper iinfi'^ine ;' lint the piiitliase of the House of Commons, and the huyiiij! i's niemliers, he ton- 
 siilireil RO'iil fur the Kins s sirv ii't^ ; and so intent on his ohject did he seem to he, that he declared ' no diflitully 
 s'l'iiild remain witii liiin. wlii'ii his coinliiit was inarkeil out, be it what it mkiiit.' lie had not only entainiltil 
 hiiii>''ll', lint ' iiihairas>eil llii. Kiiic ; liiiv in;;, as he slid, ' t oNiRACTlili AB<oLrTk; enoaukments to vkcure a 
 .va.ioritv is I ]]K i»(>i sK. o» I oMMONS ' He had thus involved his royal limsler in tliii« direct briberM lor it np- 
 pi ars that tiie N'iirrny umilil not lia\e .cied in the trade of corruption witho'it podltlve orders; and lio nccoril 
 h'ily stated that ' In h id rereived the Kino's DinKciioNs to oppose the mensiires of tlio patriots to the utmost 
 Of ms row UK. ' Tiie Kind's I iinmands were not to iraasmii tlfj bills ; uiid lor such services men were lu be re 
 wuid d :" 
 
 '♦■ AvriiiKw SrKvvAsoN- is now an old man — he i.s a native of Virginia, where he was long a 
 p^'aclisin,? lawyer, his piactice being his sole ilependenee. He wa.s long in Congretss, and 
 w,';s clecteil Speaker of the Hon.se of Representatives, in Deceinher, 1H27, over J. W. Taylor, 
 ofN. Y., liie Adams cnndidato. He had the support of the Albany Regency, or Van Biiren 
 men. Itliinlv he took his seat in Con^^ross si.x years before, in DcceinlK?r, 1821, for his native 
 st.'if. In lw'3!. he was volieinoiil in his opposition h) .tacksun, and Crawford was his favorite 
 — he votoil lor him in the Hoi.e, F<M)i'iiai'y, lH2.'j. in a letter, in the National Intelligencer, 
 Oct. M, 1R'2H. by John Sloane, M. C, of Ohio, [from Richmond Enquirer,] Sloane slates, that 
 at the beginning of the session of 1825-4], just as the House was about to ballot for Speaker, 
 
 TA.MI'KRl 
 
 ()!i llie i-M 
 ihen presidhuj 
 Idon, doubtless 
 moved an imp 
 land $9,000 oi 
 ji holy horror 
 liy holdino ou 
 Avould be pliai 
 
 ■g'c'.'cnson, who 
 Jspcalicr, !in(l by 
 ;clecieil, and he i 
 ijiij had so said ; 
 )i,iil c.Kpi'cs.scd gi 
 'V'liwii proved si 
 i^peakei's chair. 
 'sevi'ie and con 
 mission to Lon(l( 
 
 .liicksoii set a 
 liiiliiing turn, s- 
 ilicnei'al Jacksoi 
 ^iiiiii.sicr to the C 
 Avould take to kil 
 tniiilor compels i 
 Jill'. Stevenson's 
 
 Wlien the di.> 
 viiiiid b'i admilK 
 five one party o 
 (I'/oV, gave the 
 tenieiiees which 
 
 Ij-siioiigly awa 
 p- llie ?Iouse ol 
 |;;r rcliiriis allot 
 rj cnoiigli to in 
 :|jThe comma 
 |j»C'iimmiuee o 
 p=iind the sanu 
 P= uoiinterleilin 
 
 Polk's editor, 1 
 111' e.\'cla lined — •' 
 (iisei'/e ihe rcins- 
 OUT THE W 
 fiCNEFlT OP ' 
 
 "The coininai 
 ,t>iinmiUecs '' wil 
 IvindLM'hook- tliat 
 ji'^n^^e of Speake 
 jjiiniis lo suit " th 
 |iun (if justice i^ 
 Appropriations of 
 iiation. The maj 
 •ppoiiit commilt': 
 ft'iil be deaf to 
 ^Vetinore, Stcvei 
 iregnable under 
 fcr2cn for iniqu 
 ^I'bate, June Ki, 
 ili.'i;ree, the judgt 
 pointed to meet 
 fcenpfal Dromgo 
 csmmittee had re 
 opening or lookii 
 
' BE BHIBED. 
 
 he. people to infer 
 ciples in his letter 
 
 tiich divides the three 
 Id itnpo^ie a provision 
 1 govern iiient, during 
 ! etitict ol' such a con- 
 tlegree, would bo tree 
 gives strong grounds 
 liange in the constiiu- 
 ievolve on the Repre- 
 l that corruption will 
 
 'cretary of State, 
 written with the 
 h reference to the 
 resolutions on the 
 been done in sin- 
 as to attempt to 
 ; hitn the rich bait 
 drew Stevenson If 
 
 rs Bgo. In ;i letter to the 
 riivaKunce liaH increased 
 
 UEKS OF CONORKKa ARC 
 AND RRSOUHC'ES OK THE 
 
 KKANCiiiHK. in sulwidiziiig 
 118 to carry our cleciioim 
 Pu periiii'd ills " scqtliing 
 i n( Pruiiklii), tlmt "the 
 s, between the represent- 
 or nniliilion, ^el^■llltereiit, 
 St to keep railhl'ul to otic 
 I'H, tlmt ciui any way in- 
 nil il ill the niiiiii: of (lod. 
 \\Kl arinn of tyrants. In 
 : lire niitiinilly jealous ol 
 or Asia I" 
 
 ! It IS I me We are nut 
 i lend iiieiiitxTs of coi.- 
 iltle tools ill Coniiiress will 
 piililixlii'd tlie l.il'i^ <>!' Ills 
 n order llint Aiiirriciins 
 
 B tlie raiise of the people 
 SOVKRKION. Coriu(illic 
 I purchase the Coiiiiiion.^ ; 
 .' the (iirhiiU'iit phuiitiiin 
 Wllllt he Cllllii ' KMI'LOY- 
 
 ptm'd hy Mr. Ci rattan, he 
 yiii)! it!< nieiiiherH, he cnn- 
 le declari il ' no ditticulty 
 I.' had not only ciiliiniilt'il 
 
 (IKMKMTS TO HKCL'RE A 
 
 j direct bribers lor it ap- 
 c orderi* ; and lie acconl 
 
 patriots TO TIIK UTMOBT 
 
 vices men were to be re 
 
 where he was long a 
 jng in Congress, and 
 r, over J. W. Taylor, 
 
 ncy, or Van Buren 
 r, i8'2l, lor his native 
 'lord was his favorite 
 [itional Intelligencer, 
 r,l Sloane slates, that 
 
 ballot for Speaker, 
 
 TAMrKHING WITH CONGRESS — HOW THKY DO IT. A. STEVENSOX. 97 
 
 O'.i tlie ih\. of AFay, IS! 1, Prcsidi'iit .Jackson nominated Atidren' Steven>on, 
 •iheii presidiny in the H. of U., to be Envoy Extraordinary to the court of Lon- 
 don, doubtless as the reward of his subservience to the Executive. Mr. Clay 
 nioved an inquiry as to when Stevenson was first promised tills $!.>,000 a year 
 and $9,000 outfit, Ity a president who, when he wanted the people's votes, had 
 5B holy horror at influencin<; the free deliberations of the people's representatives 
 liy holdin'j, out expectations of wealth and power to leading congressmen who 
 vould be pliant and servile. The documents were produced by the President. 
 
 {i!L-vensoii, who with Taylor and Cainpltell were candidates for the chair, said, '• Elect me 
 JjiiealiiM', and hy God I'll siisiain the adininistr.Tion '' — (Adams and Cla\'.) lie was not 
 ficcie'i, and he iuiiicd lu JacNsoii and against the men ilmn in powiM'. Stevenson denied that 
 iJiL'had so said; hut Governor Hrauch, when the unit cai)inet biolce up, stated that Jackson 
 'ji.nl e.\pres.sed great contempt for Slevenson. if so, he took a sober second thought, ami Ste- 
 v'ii«on proved such a strict and steady partisan that the party kept him seven years in the 
 fpeakei'N chair. He resigned on June iJd, 1834, his ollice and seat, under the pressure of a 
 ' sevi'ie ami conliiuied indisposilion," which Jackson apjjoais to have eiired by the oder of a 
 iiiisMon to London. 
 
 .liiukson set a less value on Stevenson than Van Biiri:'n tliil. Sti?vens:(in's cunning, in- 
 liiiliiiiig turn, suited Van Huron. Governor Branch says: •' When, sir, 1 separated from 
 tL'iieral Jackson, but a short time previous to liis deteimination to appoint Air. Stevenson 
 juiiii.sicr to the Court ol' St. James, he did not regard him as 'worth the powder and ball it 
 ivoitid take to kill him.' This very expression I have heard used or assented to by him, and 
 iniulor compels me to admit that 1 heartily concurred with General Jackson in Iiis estimate of 
 l\li'. Stevenson's worth.'' 
 
 When the dispute arose in Congress about which set of New Jersey members were, or 
 viiiild be admitted to be, ■ritt; silliii:; nicm/jcrs, and it became apparent that the decision would 
 five one party or the other the selection of a Speaker, Van Buren's editor, Blair, through the 
 (.V/c, gave the ttniniiiated a hint of the uses to which Speakers arc put, in the words and 
 liiiiicnces which Ibllow : 
 
 jj"'^ (ir<j:aii.iz(ition. of the House nf Rem-cscnlaliiTf. — We perceive that the public mind is 
 Ij'siiongly awalc'iied in regard to the preparations of the Federtil party to get conimaiKl of 
 ' f liie flouse of llepreseiilitiives 1)\- theii- i^^-aud in the election of members and falsification of 
 
 prciurns atlerwards. If they can foist on the Representative body spurious members 
 tj cnoiigii to malce a majority in the opening, there is no doul)t they will hold it to the end. 
 {jTiie command of the Spealcership will give them the cominittees--among them the 
 
 j= Committee of Elections, Their report will conform to the interest of theappt)inting party, 
 
 J" and the same dishonest majority which wotilil conspire to get a control of the House by 
 
 j°eounterl'eiiing members, would vote to maintain it." 
 
 Pitlk's editor, llitehie. then of the llichmoml Emiuirer, was eiiually oft' his gtiard. In terror 
 ,)i'n'.\'claimed — '• Vlave the whig parly beeome desperate ? Are thev determinetl at all events 
 i.seize the reins— TO CAEIIIV A St^EAKER for the ncKt con-ress— AND HE TO SHAPE 
 OUT THE WHOLE STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE FOR THE 
 feliNEFlT OP THE WHIGS ["—Ew/nircr, yor. t), 1838. 
 
 "The cominanil of the Spetdvcrship will give them the committees," and the report of the 
 fiiniiiiltees ''will conform to the interest of t!ie appointing party." Van Buren writes from 
 Kinilerhook that Blair is the very best of authority — and hence it is evident that it was the 
 lipase of Speaker Stevenson's committees, and, of course. Spenker Folk's, to iiiake their re- 
 Jliriii'i to suit " the inten-st of the appoiiiiiiig pttrty !" Here is the reason why the a(lmini,stt'a- 
 liuii of justice is too often a reproach and a by-word, and the profligate expenditures and 
 kppriipriations ol' the party always sustained, and imiuiry stilled in the grand inquest of the 
 Jialion. The majority, who cleei the President, send congressmen, who elect a Speaker who will 
 Ippoint committees to suit the .Inekstin, Folic or Van Buren of the day — ami these eommittees 
 will be deaf to the dishonesty of the worst men their letifler may appoini. A Butler. Hoyt, 
 IVeiinore, Stevenson, Lawrence, Edmonds, WotKlbury, Mc.N'ulty, or J. Van Buren, is iin- 
 fcregnable ttnder such a system, bv which the popular part of oiiv free consiitufion becomes a 
 porjon lor iniquity and crime. ''Sir," said J. Q,. Adams, to the Speaker, duringthe Te.xas 
 Phiile, June IM, 1838, " the Standing Committees are the cve«, the cars, and in a very great 
 ^^.'^'ree, the judgment of this House. They are instituted for that very etid. They "are ap- 
 bdintetl to meet the subjects sent to us, to consider them, and mature them for our action." 
 trcneral Dromj^oole admitted the correctness of the Globe's statement, when he owied that his 
 committee had\eported on many resolutions of legislatures and petitions from citizens, without 
 opening or looking at or into one of them I - ■ 
 
 
 
 
 ii^;: 
 
 y. 
 
 
 1 
 
 I' 
 
 
 r.''f4' 
 
 :.>• p' ' '. 
 
 (,!;i 
 

 
 t:i 
 
 
 J.; II '*. 
 
 !> ,.• 
 
 6,. 
 
 98 LIVINOPTO.V, WRIGHT, feENTON, CLAY, WF.BPTER, AND WaLkHR. 
 
 One of them was a letter from E. Livingston, sec. of state, to Speaker Steven- 
 son, dated l")lh of March, 1833, (fifteen mo.ntiis defoke his nomination!!!] 
 in these words — '' »N/V : / am directed bij the PresideiU to inform you, CONFJ. 
 DENTIALL F, that as soon as adriccs shall be recehed that the British govern- 
 meut consent to open neijotiutions with this, u-hich arc dailj expected, it is his in- 
 tention to offer i/i)U the place o/AIinis'erto the Court of St. James, and he rerpmh 
 that, should this ajipoiulmeiit be uijreeable to you, you would hold yoursrlj in 
 readiness to embarlc in the course of the summer.''^ Anothtr letter was from T, 
 Ritchie to W. B. Lewis, objecting to filling up of Van liiiren's London berll, 
 with a congressman, without letting the senate know about it. The President 
 declared that he never knew that Stevenson had answered the letter of Livins;. 
 ston. On June 24th, the senate, 23 to 22, negatived Stevenson's appointmeiii. 
 made under such suspicious circumstances. Ikit among the Senators who ap- 
 proved of Jackson's plan of otiering an American Speaker a high ollice, " con- 
 iidenlially," 15 inoiitlis liefort^ he left the chair to accept it, and thus keepin- 
 the golden bait always before his eyes, although he and his i'ellow menibtrv 
 might be called to take a bold stand against executive encroachments, were 
 (^ Silas Wright, (a:^ '1'- IL Benton, ^k^ King of Ala. (now minister to 
 France,) jj^ Wilkiiis, ge?- I'olk's teacher, Orwndy, {jt^-- Isaac Hill. {^ Tall- 
 madge, \fy^ Van Buren's Sec, Forsyth, {^ and John Tyler ! Among the navs 
 were Clay, Calhoun, I'Aving, Clayton, Webster, and Poindexter. But the 
 Senate was defeated in the long run. in May, ISHo, Andrew Stevenson niju-hi 
 have been seen presiding in that mockery of a people's convention for the nation 
 which nominated i\Iartin Van Buren for the next presidency — and in due tiin.' 
 Jackson's pledge to his unworthy confederate was redeemed, and Stevenson 
 sent ambassador to London. It was Stevenson tliat put Polk * at the head ui 
 
 * Since 1S2.'», Prcsiilent Polk's moutor and advix-aie, Ilitciiie, lias so veered alio'.t from Jacks(in> 
 principles to Jafkson's jiraftieo as to consent that contjrcssmen ami edildis may Ix; rewarded Iv 
 the e.xeciiiivc, ;is anibas--a(l()rs-, judjjcs, and caliinct iniiiisiLTs (see (.'oiU'siHiaileiice, p. *2jl i 
 'JI6] — )u! lias even aiiniilu'd lliat on a rare or'casiun, oin' iif tlioni. at least, may iii'teit >f lO.ditii 
 a year (^hiinself, fur iiisimice), as piiiiier to senate, house ofreju'escntaiives, jiiid )jresideiit. 1; 
 arcordanee with this new I'l'tinitiuii of a lioiindary oj' leiiee aijaiii>t i-i(,rii|iti(iii, Picsidcm Pi.|„ 
 jjjave James Buehanaii the vast power and patronaf^e uf the NeeiiMary of Mate's tPilice ; and j)i'. 
 lutfxs thai was settled, like the ))ii'>ideiilial eaudidate (jiieslidi). r^^/c^ /.'n t / /ii <■ u{' thi' la^t Haitinii''_ 
 Convention. Tliar Buchanan knew the use of that power mny he inteii-ed lium his speerh i 
 senate, 1R3H, where he said that •• When a man is onee appointed tu otijcp, all the seitish ii;:^. 
 sions of his nature are enlisted tiir the purpose nf retaininir il. I'he fitliee-holders ;i)f ii,, 
 enlisted soldiers of that administration by Avhieh they are sustained. Their eonif.atahle exis'- 
 cnce oiten depends upon the re-eleeti.on of their patron." The Serrttaryship of the Treasim 
 with its ten to twelve iiiillions of patrona^'e, he jjave to Hebeit J. Walker. Thus did he mi,- 
 two very eoirNpieuous inemhers dt'eoiiicress, ami hy so doiu'^- i^'ave ■■ .stidiiic jjoiuiidsuiapiJiehci 
 sion and jealou.-y on the part of the people," " thai eorniption will he ihc order of the day' wv 
 hiin, however re<,nilar he may have iiecn at college jirayers iu Xcirth Carolina, or his iv.i: 
 Butler at '• stated preaejiiiiiirs'' at Sandy }Jill. 
 
 iSeeretary Walker is a native of Noithuinberlaiid, F'a.. in which ^lalc his f;;ther, Jonaihai; 
 Walker, was a county judi,'e, and 1 believe a teacher oi' uunh. The JSecrelaiy is a lawvu 
 itefiim his political career in Ills native .slate ; and, on hisciiii^rn.tion to Mississippi, entered ir.i 
 many speeulations. partly in lands and contracts. He is said to hiive owned lif 10,000 worth.: 
 lands in Texas, and he crlainly irave its amie.xation to the ir. s,, as a new field for theciiltiv;. 
 tion of slavery, all the support that Polk or Johnson ct)uld have desired. In the Senate, he \vi;> 
 triendly to the principle of the last bankrupt law — perhaps, lor a like reason wilhfctilwcll.i:.' 
 U. S. Marslial hen — tor Horace Greeley, in the Tribune ol Dee. 8th. savs he " has been ilcii 
 enough in credit, specnilation, and papt'ir nione>*— is now a liankrupt— and in 18;M w i-dIi! v, 
 favor of a national bank, and the restoration of the deposits'' thereto. 'J'lje Tribune publi>li'» 
 a letter of .his, dated Natchez, March 1, IKii, as Iblkiws ; 
 
 " Dear Sir: As I promised at our jMriiii^' to q:ive you my views on anv subject wliich mijjlii 
 be interestiiifi; to our common constituents, 1 hasten to" say that Alississipp'i will with meat una- 
 nimity sustain you on the Deposit (iuestion. In liict., the ])ublie voice demands a restoralicm i) 
 the Deposits, and the creating a Bank to supply a ircneral curivncv. A Slate Bank can no 
 
 POLK 
 
 the Ways an 
 elected to Ci 
 out to Mexic 
 fits, and Mej 
 C's inclusive 
 
 : more .supply an 
 
 itie aflkirs of thi 
 
 I from the friuhtf 
 
 ,, Walker's ap] 
 ', In general, they 
 i inti'igue and cor 
 invokes provide 
 then pitches up 
 seci'ctary the pi 
 could not pay V 
 
 • in the Natchez < 
 r dollars, which tl 
 ;': nothinij of t/u; In 
 '■■ rican bosoms, I 
 L lience of the free 
 
 In John C. S 
 
 ,. Jj-otism in the 
 
 jj'never anion 
 
 Q^he, servility 
 
 , iJ-iinpossiblc f( 
 
 ;■; iiei's of Aineric 
 
 • tT" Interferenc 
 '^flatter, shouk 
 
 jjTtive principl 
 : O^fiin-'ral govo 
 ■tpinptations to tl 
 ; In a letter t 
 ':Riteliie, dated Ji 
 i Ivjth nieinhers o: 
 •the Presictent), i 
 ;l('5:islative chara 
 ; President Mai 
 ' ment to the cons 
 j taken his seat, s 
 .Ijwintment nnde 
 iMich appointinei 
 ^ shall have been 
 ' The editor of 
 jsliion writers, b 
 :biaving the dan; 
 |— promulgated t 
 i "Sir, if ever t; 
 'legislature, it wi 
 lis in Great Brita 
 k'ress, as they do 
 |thosc who sit on 
 I " '\\ill you m; 
 ftative, wh"o wisln 
 this measures or ' 
 Iniveat it] Will 
 jevil designs to a( 
 jis struck" betwcei 
 were to barter a 
 of Congress by s 
 m catch the cont; 
 pe the ruin of pu 
 Kvithin the Exccii 
 Avithin his gift at 
 
N'D WaLKF.R. 
 
 Speaker Steven. 
 
 IS NOMINATION ! ! I) 
 
 aim you, CONFJ. 
 
 the Jhifish (jovern- 
 •petted, it is his in- 
 lien, and he rtqimh 
 Id hold yoiirsclj ;„ 
 letter was fioiii T. 
 en's London berth 
 it. The President 
 le letter of Livins;- 
 son's appointment, 
 e Senators who ap- 
 i high olhce, " con- 
 , and thus keeping 
 lis fellow members 
 icroachments, were 
 
 (now minister to 
 lac Hill, ^ Tall- 
 ! AmoH"! the navs 
 indexter. But thn 
 w Stevenson miglii 
 Mition for the nation 
 V — and in due tiin. 
 lied, and Stevensuii 
 ilk * at the head oi 
 
 eJ aliD'.l rniin Jarksdn* 
 
 ii's may U' rcwarilcd 1\ 
 
 n's|:(ii"iileni-t', ]i. :21 1 1, 
 
 I. may aiTi'i.t .^■UUii'ii 
 
 vcs, and iiicsidcnt. h 
 
 u)iti()ii, Prt'sidi'iii Pi!,, 
 
 • lalc's ullicr ; and [«■.- 
 
 //((■()(■ tin' la-^l Haltiiuci'' 
 
 ]■('<[ l'i()!n his spi'Cfli i 
 
 1', all tin' seitisli [li:^ 
 
 I' (,flicc-lii)iili.'rM art' il. 
 
 leir coniliiitahle e\if 
 
 ysliip (if tin" 'I'ri'astm 
 
 . TliMs (iid lie (iili- 
 
 ii; <;riiun(isui'a|ij)H'lui 
 
 nrdcr ot'llie day' Mil': 
 
 (.'aroliiK!, or ids un:. 
 
 \c iiis I'athoi', Jonathaii 
 Si'iTflary is a lawytr 
 Uissi.-sij)()i. I'liteivd h:« 
 w lied S 10,000 worth. 
 t'W iicld for tliei'uliiv;. 
 In the Senate, hew;:' 
 ■cai-im with feiilwi'lLi:.' 
 vivs he '• has bcvn ilci; 
 i'.nd ill IKU wiMii; n. 
 'i'iie Tiiliuuc publi>ho 
 
 ny subject wliieli iniylt 
 ipi will with uruat uim- 
 (■inand.s a lestuiaticm >; 
 A State Bank can no 
 
 folk's secretary and printer, on BCVING CONGKIiSSMKN. 
 
 99 
 
 the Ways and Means in 1834. It was Polk who, when John Slidell had been 
 elected to Conjfress from La., closed his trust with the people by sending hinx 
 out to Mexico, without asking the senate's consent. How many salaries, out- 
 fits, and Mexican and Russian ambassadors has tin; Union paid since 1828, M. 
 C's inclusive 1 
 
 more supply and ^nvein the pmeral currcney ihati n State Ciovornmont ran direct and control 
 itie aflkirs of the Nation. Go on ; j'our ronstitiients are with yon ; tiie foiintiy must lie relieved 
 from the l'ri?htlul .scenes of distress whieh have visiiwl ns. Yours trulv,' 
 
 li. J. WALKER.' 
 Walker's appointments iu this State have been mueh influenced by his cnlleasne, Mnrcy. 
 In general, they could not well be wor.se than they are. Our custom-house, the headquarters of 
 intrigue and corruption for the city, is under his especial supervision and care. Thi; pious Folic 
 invokes providence, omnipotence, heaven, and all that is ijood and ^'reat, to guide him — arwi 
 then pitches upon a seiM-etary ol' the tn;asury from the repudiating; state (jf Mississippi — dmt 
 sea'etary the prince of speculators — and whose moneyed li'ansactions were so situated that he 
 could not pay Van Buren for his Ihrniture, and had judt^ments a2:ainst him advertised tor sale 
 in the Natchez Courier, by the Uriioii Banlc of Mississippi, for <oine twenty-five to fifty thousand 
 dollars, whieh that parajron of banks sadly needed to pay the gulled and cheated people. I say 
 nothinif ol't/ii: lost iiotn oj ham!. Ifxhui spirit of seventy-sue is tlie spii'ii that now animates Ame- 
 rican bosoms, I shall Ix' justified in tii(\sc strictures, even ujiou those who sit hi<(hest in the confi- 
 . (lence of the freemen of America. 
 
 In John C. Spencer's edition of De Toequeville. I fmd the remark. " I have heard of patri- 
 
 ^4"otism in the United States, and it is a virtue which may be found amniifj the people, but 
 
 j^j'never amon? the leaders cif the people. In all jSjoverninents, whatever their nature may 
 
 Tj\k, servility will cower to forei", and adulation will eliu? to power. It would have been 
 
 Ij-iinpoRsible for the sycophants of Louis XIV. to flatter more dexterously" than the cour- 
 
 iiL'i's of America. Jeli'Msoii, writin;? to ThiUPtis Al'lvean, IVb. '2, IHdl, t(?lls him that 
 
 , Hr" Interferences at elections, whether of the state or federal tiiiverniueiu, by officers of the 
 
 ' r^-latter, should be deemed cause of removal ; because the constitutional reihedy by the clec- 
 
 jj'live principle becomes nothiiiu: i' it may be smothered by the enormous patronage of the 
 
 iO^eneral government." Now, if interference with the freedom of elections is bad, are not 
 
 : temptations to the electors, by the executive, to betray those who electeii them much worsol 
 
 ; In a letter to Presidcat Madison, which 1 (ind in the Hiciimoxd l'^Nai"iRi-;n, by T, 
 
 "'Ritchie, dated June tjf), ISIO, tiie appointment of IJiieicner 'riuuston an.l Benjamin Howard, 
 
 I both members of Congress, the one to be a judge, and the other the governor of a territory (by 
 
 ■the Presiiient), is steinly reprobated, beeans(! that so long as thi'y were " invested with the 
 
 j legislative character, it is the duty of the President to leave it around them." 
 
 ', President Madison is reminded that the patriot, Macon, had moved the following amend- 
 
 'ment to the constitution a few months previous : " No .senator or representative, alter having 
 
 ^ta'ii'en his seat, shall, during the time for which he was clecti'd, be eligible to any civil ap- 
 
 ,5pointment under the authority of the United Stales, nor shall any person be eligible to any 
 
 ijsuch appointment until the e.vpiration of the Presidential term, during which such person 
 
 "ssliall have been a senator or representative." 
 
 '■: The editor of Thr Union, that now is — the man whose son is Icv.sening the numl'»erof oppo- 
 "si'.ion writers, by violence, and who himself abused me, at the desire o^ President Polk, tor 
 jbiaving the danger of ex|X)sing state criminals high in power, through their own confessions 
 |— promulgated the following pure doctrines in IHIO : 
 
 I "Sir, if ever the Executive branch, in this country, acrpiiies an undue ascendancy over the 
 llugislature, it will not be, as it is now in France. thron'j:h the sw^rd — but by cnmiption, as it 
 lis in Great Britain. It is true, sir, that no plarrman or pmsion.-r can sit on the flcx)r of Con- 
 ji^ress, as they do in Parliament — but places and appointments may now be scattered among 
 |tliosc who sit on that floor. 
 
 " Will you mark' the danger of this di.stribution of oflices 1 Will not the senator or represen- 
 tative, who wishes for an executive gift, always take care tt, consult the executive wisiies, in 
 his measures or votes 'I Instead of watching the misconduct of the President, will he not con- 
 nive at it 1 Will not Cerberns sleep because he wishes for a sop 1 If the President should hjive 
 |evil designs to accomplish, here then are instruments disciplined to his hand — a lair exchange 
 jis struck between them. The one barters his conscience lor the ollice — just as much, as if he 
 iwere to barter a piece of land for a piece of gold. I know it is impossible to brilx' both houses 
 jof Congress by such temptations. I know that there are some of them who are too virtuous 
 jto catch the contagion, but it is certain that in propoilion to the extent of this corruption, will 
 fbe the ruin of public morals and of public spirit. Arc not offices of almost every description 
 fwithin the Executive Patronage 1 During the year 1708, Mr. Gallatin estimated the amount 
 'AvitlUn hi.s gift at $''2,000,000. And where the mere lust of lucre could not sway the man, ther» 
 
 
 -5> 
 
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 '■81 
 
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 100 VAN IM'KI \ I MilN<; LliSSONS AS A COURl'lKn, WIIII-l; )N l.orvDO.N. 
 
 
 81*' 
 
 C H A P T E R X X I V. 
 
 I shall cvpv ri'gnnl iny situation in that cabinet as one ol" the most fortunate event? of my 
 life, placing: oic as it liid in close and laniiliar relations witJi one who has been ■well describcil 
 by Mr. Jelterson as pussessinji more of the Roman in his charaeier than any man living', ai:(i 
 whosfi adininisiratiijii will be luoked to, mjvliuc times, as a iioltkn era in oin liislci v. "i'o Jia\i' 
 served undo sneii a chief, at such a time, and to liave won his conlideni.e and esict>ni i.-i a sia- 
 lieient f::loiy. — V<tii JJiiien's Iclti r /n M'ullcr Bonnie, James dimpltcIL Pnacivcd luf/i, ii'm. M. 
 Price, Etifiui TMch, (iidccii Ijr, C. IV. Lan-rtncc, c^-c., Loiiilun, J^'c/'. '21, \8'A'2.<iji. Iiis jmsiliiKi 
 ill Jackun'sfinl rahhul. 
 
 Van Binen praxitttd bij BinLiw wtlhthe Fiexdomof N. Y and (t (jood C/iara(tcr~ 
 C.C Camhieli'ii'i. — Jac!iSon''s First Cabinet. — Some facts about Lewis Caa.i. 
 —IJis War Exploits^ Politeucss, Motions of Slavcrij, Friendship to the Induiv. 
 Vast Wealth., Indian Aijcncies, L(.irs, Floquawe in Senate., and JVolions ahuri 
 2\xas. — Calhoun's Poaitivn. — The Seminole TJ'ar. — Monroe's Seertt Ldie^ 
 to Jackson. — .fuhnni/ Ru]j. — Intriijiies bij ILnnillon, Cravford, Forsijtli and 
 others, to injure Calhoun and bcnejit Va}i Bvnn. — .lucksonQuarrcla irith Cal- 
 houn. — On the .Puhlication of I'olillcal Secrets. — .hhnJJenri/ Eaton and V,':f. 
 — Jackson Quarrels icilh three of his Cabinet about her. — T'he Rissian JJissiou. 
 — Branch on Van Bnren. — John Tijler and a Second Term. — Van JJnren sent 
 as Envoy to London, hut Rejected by the Senate. — Opinions of M'ebsier, Claij, 
 '■Frelinghuysev, Foot, S:c. — The Coiiuial Trade. — 4 ow Buren elected Via 
 President. 
 
 HavInc; resigned hi.s office as governor, on tho 12th of March, 1829, Van 
 Buren left Albany, accompanied by hU frienu and confederate, B. F. Butler, osi 
 the forenoon of the 17th, to take upon hini.self the duties of Premier, .Secretary 
 
 are otlices ofuislinclion to invite and .soodie lii.«; ambition. * ♦ ♦ In the jnaicinj; i.l Law-, Ii i 
 lor the niend)ers of Cungre.ss to have a simple eye to tiie intere.'its of iheir country. It is iui 
 them t'l decide upon the merits of every i]ti(;stion that coine.s Iwfore tliem, wiihuut eiiiier hup.' 
 or fear, without compul.-ion oi reward, l-'rom the moiueiit that they are led astiay by suil 
 inducements, they are shorn o( ilieir re])rescniative ciiaracier — they eea.-e to be liicagenisi-i 
 the people, to become llie t.K^ls of the Jvxecailivc' 
 
 Will il be believetl that liie man who could publisli these truths in ISIO, is now j^rowii - 1 
 ^:rey in sin that he has lor sixteen years upheld the violators of riirht. and at Kiijrth acct jiiui 
 office from tho.'-e who ])rai'iise what is here so justly condenr.ied I 
 
 Jackson, to j^et poijulaiiiy lor hiiu.-elf ami his triends, '.d'ommciulud Macon's menMue ei 
 ISIK), to piohibit lliis biiyiii;;' and b:ibin<,' of needy and greedy conj^res.'^men ; but it \\as;i 
 deception, for he practised contiiuialiy the baitinj,' .system. Benton, \m, wluii he and V;>ii 
 Buren were sfckiiiK p.iwer ami popularity in Ih-Jd. made, with the help of Van IJiiren, a grai.u 
 report against those ai)uses which have brought lice iiistitulions into disgrace all over ll!> 
 world, but the reiiotl was never acted on, nor meant to be. It was uu electioneering triip '>■■ 
 catch voters. 
 
 I have seen a list ol'congi'e.ssn-en whom Van Bnren and Jack.son tempted to leave the ).u>- 
 pie and taia' oliices of liir more emolument under tlie execuiive, but I am hot sure that ii Ui;- 
 correct. It conlaiiicd sevcuty-five names, and among these weie, for the llussiun missii!. 
 sinecure, John ilandoli>ii, James Buchanan, W. Wilkins. .ii^ttjOOO a vear, and ;;;i»,000 otai.i, 
 tor a trip to the continent. Cambreleng and "Wilkins'.s brother-itr-law.' V. i*. Dalla.s. had alMi 
 the .•iiilS,000 godsend to Pelersl)urgh, but were out of Congress before Ixdng nrnrt/al. TIai'' 
 is another liin'yiuii winidcr since, and doubtles.s we will soon have t)ne more, ii' not hall' >i 
 dozen. [Duane of Pennsylvania, a.s a bribe or inducement io take an imfair course, was olR'i 
 ed by Jack.son, g:l-rlhe Bussian mis,sion, and so was Samuel D. Ingham, by wav of " a .-t)|) w 
 Peun.sylvania,'' as he tells in his letter to the President, Julv 2(1, 1831, iirwhich lie accii^fr 
 Jackson with duplicity and fal.sehood ; \vi h secretly cherished ho.stilitv to him, and v.ith cif- 
 dulity and imbecility. There i.s no doubi but that he was manured by Van Ruicn and iii^ 
 as-sociates to great advantage for :X^ themselves.] Eli Moore, S. H. Gholson, Arnold Plum- 
 raer, Fcli.\. Grundy, Leonard Jarvis, and Gorham Parks, , and C.C. Cambreleng weie r- 
 jected as candi(!aies for Coui^ress^ and in-iantly placed iii luciativ ulli'L'y by Van ruinn 
 
 ) 
 
 of Stale, 01 
 a' Iviml'-rli 
 Yoric, was 
 city," vvhic 
 friciid, Cebi 
 
 John Fors,ili 
 
 -R. T. i.vi;! 
 
 an ;uidiior!J- 
 
 Gc'j. Loyall i 
 
 M be Sc;.'i-.'t;;r 
 
 II ' 7i;ibns'<aflu 
 
 L.;\'i Woodliii 
 
 jiraiser— J. S. 
 
 u-;is a i/umbei 
 
 Supro.ae Con 
 
 .ippoinled niai 
 
 cuai'MTcd till I 
 
 Oae grand .- 
 
 lii.-,co;ifeil::i-at( 
 
 s;i|ipi)i't.'rs. f; 
 
 t'f the year wli 
 
 ['ViA these lion 
 
 'I'ii; yeas were 
 
 'file nay.s woi 
 
 month aflerwa 
 
 mission for fill 
 
 '■lared that if d 
 
 lor wiiicii the ji 
 
 \v:, hisconledn 
 
 ili T alll'i'i'vl to 
 
 ■-iiy, not only o, 
 
 li.'O'e woiSL' : u'l 
 
 mi'ii to tramp!.' 
 
 iwiitii'al institu 
 
 .i!ir .social insti 
 
 'onsidered as 
 
 hopes a lid feai's 
 
 )i losing it, all 
 
 ul' patriotism, il 
 
 * CncRciiir.r, 
 
 i' not an unsc 
 
 ;iitacking the !]," 
 
 ;i nvw IJnitoii S 
 
 * way. (Jn the 
 
 ought to " t'oUo 
 
 , l/'oin the federal 
 
 ' li'Mice, with res] 
 
 Van Buren, Ho 
 
 land make them 
 
 |ii'' has quite en 
 
 ' !''rank Ogden's 
 
 Suariwout's tim 
 
 lliarasiies, and ; 
 
 ||:iihu'nce there ii 
 
 jis used so clever 
 
 |?!8,0;)!1 and tin' 
 
 :|ilovt ascollecto 
 
 four, in 18'27, C;i 
 
 {and treated Calh 
 
 iionfidential leltei 
 
 ]of Georgia, wou 
 
 l^fSept. !25, 1832 
 
 'and single-haiid€ 
 
 ■steadfast friend," 
 
N MtNDO.N. 
 
 unate events of my 
 , htcn AvcU dcf^ciibc'd 
 any uina living', iwx 
 Dili liisli'iy. 'I'i> l>;i\^' 
 • ami cslci'iu is a m;!- 
 XI- ml lunh, V.'iii. 2V. 
 I, 1H:W;()//' his jiosilii:.! 
 
 good ClutrcHtcr— 
 
 boul Lewin Cf/i.v. 
 ship loihr Ind'cv. 
 itnd Notions ahuvl 
 foc'i Srcnt Ldien 
 ■ford, J\)i!iii(li (trul 
 Quarrel;; iritli Cn!- 
 1/ Eaton and IViJ'r. 
 'le Rl.ssion.^Jit<siLr.. 
 . — Van Jiarcn utr,: 
 ,oJ' Mchxit'i; Ci(Uj, 
 hinn chcled V'ui 
 
 March, 1S00, Villi 
 
 B. F. Ijiillci', oil 
 
 Preniicr, .Sccri'taiy 
 
 juakiiii; I'l Law-, Ii i 
 ftmiilry. It i^ '^-i 
 , williuiii L-iiiier lioiv 
 ':o it'd astiay by suil 
 .(.' lu be ihoagi-'iiisi-i 
 
 ISIO, is luiw ;,n'u\vii -• 
 ;d a! Icn^'lh accfjilu 
 
 Macou'- nuT.MUi' o, 
 
 ^hllK•ll ; lul ll wiis -1 
 
 ,), wIru 1>o and ^'m 
 
 ,1' Vail 15uiLn,a gnu." 
 
 disiaacc all nver iliv 
 
 L'lijclidiu'eriiif^ trap i" 
 
 ^VKEDr\r; OUT CONGRESS!. C. C. CAMBRKLKNG. 
 
 101 
 
 
 jiicd lu leave tlip pi.1' 
 II i.ut Mii'o ilint i; w;:- 
 ilif llus.-iaii niissii'. 
 ai, and :ii:t,000 .mil,., 
 V.P. Dallas, had iil'i. 
 iiiiT riVdi'ilcd. 'I'IkI' 
 iR' more, it nut imlt . 
 nl'air (■om.so.uasolk'i 
 n. by way of "a Mfin 
 , iu'wliicli he afii!'?' 
 ,• to him, and v.iili cu- 
 y Van Buicn and hi:- 
 ;-ilK)lson, Arnold Plum- 
 Cainbrelenf,' \vei>' i'' 
 ..lliroy by Vim nmvi! 
 
 of Stale, or AJinistor of Foreiga Affiiirs, at Washington. He stopt a short time 
 a- Kiml'.Thoolc, Hudson, I'oughkocpsie, ikc.^ antl soon after his arrival at New 
 Yoric, was pros(Mited Ijy thf Mayor and Aldermen with " the freedom of the 
 city," which had hoen voted to him on the !23d, on motion of Jesse Hoyt's 
 fric.idjCebra, who is said to have had a hint from Cambreleng.* Corporations 
 
 Jolin Forsyth was ink-cn out of Congress hy Jaelcson and Van Burpn, lo be Si'civtary of State 
 —11. T. Lyitle to b ' Siii'veyor General of Ohio — Jessi' Miller to ho first auditor [and siieh 
 all aiuiitor!] — il. fl. Leavilt to tn^ a district jiul,f,'e — J, M. Wayne to lie a jud;j;(' [:iii-l,r)OOJ — 
 Qic). Loyall lo l)o a navy a^ent — John Braiieh to be secretary of the navy — John H. Katun 
 M be sp;:i''t;uy al war — 'J'hoinns 1'. Moore to be ambassador to Columbia — Lonis AI'Lane to 
 ii"iijibns-:ri(lur io fjondon — William C. Rives lo lie ambassador to France — E. Livin;^slon and 
 1.. \i Woolbuvv lo caliini'l oHif^es — Jeroinus Johnson [see him in correspondence !] to bean ap- 
 jii'ai> 'I — J. S. iViiiu baclvcr to b- a judu;e. and it is my impression tliat H. A. Aluhlenberi:; 
 uMs a i.unibL'r o!' Cin^Tcs. uiu'ii sent to Austria — Philip P.Barbour when placed on the 
 suniv.ii.' Court Ir'inli— Povvliattan Ellis wlicn sent to Mexico — ' id Nathaniel Garrow when 
 ;ipi')p:nleil niarshr!!— but it may be that in one or two instances u:i executive reward was not 
 .■oiii'iTcd till the recipient had been n;jected at the hustin;,'s, or had retired. 
 
 ( »ae t;raiid seerel was .-iooii Ibiind out hy Stevenson, namely, lo pay court to Van Buren and 
 !ii.-,coal'edji'ale-. Jle is lui'-le to tli" wife of oul; of Van Bnren's sons, and one of his steadiest 
 ^;l|lp^)l■t.•l■s. On the !)tli of May, IS31.J. U. Adams moved to refuse that part of the money vote 
 I'f the year whidi irranied .f^bS.OOi) to ambassadors in Russia and Ens^land. as there were none, 
 ;ind ilie^^e honors and emoluments lu'ld in terrurein, as attractions to members of Congress, 
 'fii; yeas were tl:), and amonL'- them \Visi>, Selden, Slade, Vance, Gilmer, Corwin, and Lincoln. 
 'fiic nays were Vaiul.'rpr. il, Tiillci, Cainbivlen'j;, J. B. Sutherland, Polk, ■.\:c., 1'23. About a 
 iihiiith afleru'ard-^ it was found thai Speaker Stevenson had had the promise of the London 
 iiii-diu for lilb'eii months ! ! ! Have 1 not shown that Jackson was right, when, in I8:2.'i, he de- 
 . lared tliat if coii'jfressmen were not Icept out of executive ollices until two years alter the term 
 i.ii wiiii'li the people had elecled them, ••corruption would be theordei;of the day;" as also that 
 i;', liisconleilrmies, V^an Buivn, Polk, Rilchii-, and their partisans were guilty of the practices 
 hi 'v an'eet"d to condemn '! The more I look iiil>) the past, into facts, the more I see the neees- 
 -iiv, not only of a state, l)ut also of a national convention. If we have not reform, we .shall 
 iiiive w.)is'': while Cii'j;laiid is really iinprovini< her defective institutions, we are allowing bad 
 iiuMi to traniplt' our more pure systmn into the very dust. In the language of Webster, '• Our 
 ' iiDiiiii'al institutions — i.)ur government itself, is made an engine of corruption, and undoes what 
 ,iar soeial insiiiutions jierlbrm. The patronage of government, offices, and enwluments, are 
 ronsitlered as rewards, instead of being regarded as necessary agencies of the people ; the 
 impes and fear- aiiendanl upon this state of things ; the desire to gel olfice and the apprehension 
 ll losing it, all become moiives of action, and lead manyto a course never dictated by feelings 
 ul palriotisin, if such people ever feel patriotism." 
 
 * Ciiirncnir.i, tJAt.DOM C.AMiiRni.KNri.-— This gentleman's letters require no comment. If he 
 
 1 1- not an unscrupulous. unprinci|iled partisan, wliere shall we lind one 1 His motives in 
 
 aitackiii'j: the I).") million bank at Pliiladelphia were to get a 35 million bank at Ne\ii York, or 
 
 ■ a n' w United Slates Hank, through the Bo.ston and Portland people, who were leading the 
 
 i way. On the Kith of Ociiber. b'?3"2. he hinted to Hoy t that the stockjobbers of Wall Street 
 
 ;' Dii^ht to " I'ollow the Bosionians ami Portland people ^t in a-sking tor A NEW BANK 
 
 •oin the federal government, but on tlie plan they propo.'re." His notions of lionor and conh- 
 
 ■i.i''nee, with resp 'ct lo private letters, need no remark. His stock .speculations as one of the 
 
 ■1 Van Huren. iloyi, ami Butler clique, are well Icnown; and his etforts lo moek the workie.--, 
 
 land make them his instruments, for no noble and worthy purpose, show that, like Van Bnren, 
 
 <ii" has quite enough of the cunning of the fox. He wanted to be Consul at Liverpool, but 
 
 ■(•'rank Ogden's interest was too heavy for him there. The Custom House, in IJoyfs and 
 
 j Swaiiwout's time, was a political machine for raining milled dollars into the palms of his 
 
 jparasiies, and as Lav.-rence is the old cojitederate of Hoyt n.nd Swartwout, Caintrelen^'s 
 
 iiiilhience there now nui-l be very considerable. That sinecure, the Russian embassy, which 
 
 Yi-^ used so cleverly for paying oiT '• old and active politicians," produced to him, in his turn, 
 
 |?1H,0;)1) and the et eeleras, lie was for the pets in '34, tor the sub-treasury in '37 — for Jesse 
 
 liioyt as I'ollector, tiiul for Coddingkm a.s posiina.strr. Whim Van Buren toolc nis southern 
 
 |ioirr, in 18^J7, Cambreleng was his comnanion or pilot-fish. He wa.s an old Crawford man, 
 
 fand treated Calhoun, in 18^27, about as honorably as he did Webb, a few years later. 'I'he 
 
 jconiidenlial letter to which Cambreleng refers, page 234, No. '225, as one which A. S. Clayton, 
 
 5iif Georgia, would publish, was written by Webb, and appears in the Courier and Enqiiirer 
 
 jufSept. 25, 1832, credited to the Milledgeville papers. Webb there says, "We have alone 
 
 'and single-handed fought the battle of' the SOUTH. In us Georgia has found a bold and 
 
 steadfast friend," &c. Mohawk and Hudson Railroad stock was actually puffed up to 196 by 
 
 %•■■• 
 
 » - 
 i; ' 
 
 • 1. 
 
 f 
 
 ■ ■..*<; 
 
 t, . 
 
 ■ -I 
 
 ]..'■ 
 
 ; vi^.i 
 
 »'■' . 
 
 ' ' • Pf 
 
,1 ' 
 
 102 VAN DUREN AND THE FREEDOM. THE MOHAWK STOCK. LEWIS CASS. 
 
 
 , • 4 
 
 1)1 'i > : ''- 
 
 
 
 
 worship libiiiu; luiTiinarics, seemingly from habit — and the resolution in Van 
 Buren's cast, (It dared hiin to be one of the state's "brightest sons," whosp 
 pure rt'publicanistn, patriotism and public .spirit caused the corporalois to 
 "deeply deplun?" the necessity \vhich had called on them " to surrender" him 
 to Andrew Jackson. Walter Bowne, the mayor who afterwards whined so 
 piteously for a few l)aL';s of the public treasure from that " rove- ' chief," said to 
 the secretary elect, '* you have had to encounter the p .on of enemies 
 
 and the treachery of friends — but your upritjhtiitss, your , ._v..\i, and courage, 
 have borne you in triumph through every conilict. The sanic powerful intel- 
 lect, untiiin;^ industry, and devoted patriotism, constituting at once your glory 
 and your strength. During the whole of your career, not a single event has 
 occurred to dim for one moment, the lustre of a reputation, which has been 
 continually increasing in brioihtness." The mayor then presented " the free- 
 dom," in a golden box, and Van Buren delivered a suitable respons i about har- 
 mony, " liberality, moderation, justice and firmness," remarking, rather quaintly, 
 " WE Ai!R Ai.r. I .MiiAKKEi) IN TiiK sA.MK BOTTOM." After giving audiences to 
 olliceseekers, political schemers, holders of French claims, bankers, brokers, 
 and blacklegs ; arranging plans for the future with the party leaders ; receivin;; 
 judicious bints from the merchants ; and very j)robably .settling with some of 
 his most interested partisans, how best to open the future campaign against tho 
 United States liank, he departed for the south to begin that twelve years course 
 of daring and successful intrigue which had i;caicely closed when he landed at 
 the battery, in the midst of storms, and tempests, leaving tluf tickle dame called 
 Fortune with her new "favorite son," William Henry Harrison, who, like 
 -Nelson at Trafalgar, was soon to expire in the arms of victory. 
 
 Jackson's lirst cabinet fwhich soon gave place to Messrs. Livingston, IMcLano, 
 Cass,"' Woodbury and Barry,] consisted of Messrs. Van IJuren, Iviton, Ingham, 
 
 holders, ulin then >()ld out, and do'.vii went tin- shares to 1 17. Welib and N'oali explain Caiii- 
 l)ri'leni;;'s com-'' in tlti'^ and oilier stock operations. He is a caniliii.-ilo in .Suli'olk lor a scat in 
 ihe sinie eonvention oii\exl Jnne. He was an.\ioiis to secure tiie extension of slavery to Mi- 
 soiiri in 181!>, at.ii to Florida and Texns in IHlfi; and ho reported from the Ways and Mean*. 
 in Con^'res.s, D.'ci'uilHr, l^^'.'t!, iliat "the eoninierce of a ronfwleraey. internal and exierniil. 
 should tie wholly iVeo." Noah says oC him, Oct. 21, IKM. "It is now moie than Ti year- 
 sineo Canilirflen'f has hen I'ui.-ti'd npon iliis eoininnnily, and we (diallenire any innn to point 
 out a sintrle measure (if his leeonimendaiion, ealeuland lo heneni the eeinilry. llavini; im' 
 wile, no child, no ilninji-ile— no inleii'st. nolhini,' to allaeh him lo the soil horc, r.rrcpl aomi' 
 /iiijutluidtiil Mii/:iivi{ s/i'ii,-. and heinu' 'cry n-eful to Van lluren in more ways than one, he i< 
 to have a [x-rpeinal .seat in fjonjrress.'' if 1 could not state one panieular of V. B.'.s lilc, il:' 
 eharaciers he a>-oeiaies with would show \('ry elenriy what he is. Like iVilk, with whom l.o 
 is very inlimafc, C'anihrelemr is a n.-itii-e of North C';uo|ina — old in years, very short mad''. 
 and vei'y si..iul — no iswnt orator, hut well aequainied with business and pidiiics. -Messrs, 
 Wchh and Auah, in the Courier and Knquirer of lOlh September, 183-2, .say: 
 
 "Ii H \vc U Kmiumi 1iit ' ili.it !Mr. fl'ljc m | Tilihll'S .iml tin littji' cciilli iimn iCiiiihr Inivl iiro stork sppculairr', 
 \vli()-e liiisii i y lo llic i'. iiik iit' tin' I'liiti it .s iii... ispiireln mircinnrij. T ey arc n) p.iscil lo a r-f liiirliT siiii|iiy 
 liijciiiis tiloy wiini a Ntw H;itik lor 111"' |)nr|io.-i,' nt'.-ii'rululiiit; iipmi r.i w Mdck. For nvdic >. iirs t'liiiibr' 1 ni; 
 liii- iiviil Ml oi I'.i'' iliiiiocr.iiii' p;iriy * * ^' * In. was no M)i.ni r .•olmict^ i I'lM lln' iiioncv ilnii'jin.': fi Ri "f 
 Cr'SWrll, Olr .11 fc Co., Ilvin his jilr.ns rrp-inili'il. *■ ' * ■' \Vi' .T'liut ilm i m an iiiili\ iI'.dI in tlic S iilf 
 Imi Mr Caiiiliri'lon!^ iimlil liui'c (Jii(;i'''i'(lc'ij in niliiintr thf Mohawk anil Ilioi^on K.i'l Hu:iil Slork lo IMi. ir iiian- 
 iiK'il thai. w. II. tlir.iuL'li ilui af.viiry ot" ihe .Alliany .'inn — .^old out at ilie nlc;k ot' t.iin' — irfi;;ned liis appoiiriiMii, 
 ai.il mil oirto \Vaslinii;t.iii. Ilis .'tock i.s now w.mIi 111!, having iicpici-ialwl S i per ci lit i.i K'--' t:.aii a yrar." 
 
 If Cambrelen.2: believed that the U. S. Bank could not establish a braneh in any state wiili- 
 out a j^fruss violaiiim of the con.stitulion, why did be aecejii a fee of SlOO!) tV.-ini Biddlc, for 
 locating; a bmaeh at IJuflalo? He votwl a.v'ain.st Jackson for President, in 1S:25, in Congie-s, 
 and for Van Buron as governor at the Herkimer Convention of 1828. 
 
 ♦ Lf,\vis CAssAvas born at Exeter, N. H. — removed with his father and family lo the state of 
 Delaware, in or about the year 17:).'> or 'G — remained several years there, and thence emisratcd 
 west lo MarJeun, Ohio, in 1799— studied law there, and be^an lo practise in 1802. In 1800 he 
 was elected lo Ihe Ohio legislature, and on the 11th of December introduced a bill to sn.spcud 
 the writ of habeas corpu.s, on account of Burr's conspiracv. Next year he was appointoi 
 United Slates Marshal, which office he held tUl 1813. The "Sd Ohio Volunteers elected liiiB 
 
 Branch a 
 honn. 'J 
 
 iheir coloiu 
 Detroit, ii 
 
 .li'j British 
 
 youiii all gi 
 
 diired Deiru 
 
 HOCJiint ol' ij 
 
 tiiita miiiuii 
 
 ilu' cuunfv 
 
 it was the iit 
 
 itppointetl Ci 
 
 and, b'.'ing c 
 
 than BLTiien 
 
 up in tin; lirs 
 
 Luiiis Phi)i| 
 
 United .Stale" 
 
 il'iiey. Itiic 
 
 his f.u'onr. 
 
 a long sketch 
 
 lavonie in <j| 
 
 h.'iviiig nia.ie 
 
 .. / rn^ttditihiih 
 
 l.^di Ol' July, I 
 
 al i!,j ()!■ ijG ye 
 
 : ' die i|tiiiuii|) 
 
 aaiiun tu persi 
 
 iio;n tlij wiirl, 
 
 Aas (juite read 
 
 .Di.i [ij I'xhibit 
 
 .'laying iJjo' hii 
 
 la fe.icas as it 
 
 Van Bni\wi, In 
 
 Aaicii.;a \iMs . 
 
 .iikl .sold OUi' 1^ 
 
 'ii-'ir liapie.ss i 
 iiovv naiurallv 
 iiglil to .sjareii 
 W.I sniiVr ill 
 ^iiimion in its A 
 -\:njriea w,ii| 
 l.invis Cass. 
 
 His huui.iiiii 
 ■^iiprcin!.' Court 
 i;'i 'P''ndi.'nt am 
 'i_'^: Van Bitrer 
 \.iiiki;e educali 
 ii.'f Mwks with 
 .' ' 'r in.li.ins w. 
 'i\'st, (ar from 
 ''.T=s liad his sp 
 ■" ilie])jlii(> H^ 
 \ Cieiur.il Cas; 
 •': I'li'tiiiie by inoti 
 : 'iosc to and aro 
 I I'^iis at immense 
 ■" ill Congi'e.s.s, ha 
 
 ■ ■'■•■ic's, the Oi.on 
 ; I'-rritory of Mic 
 ; 'f liR sudden and 
 1 ^-old for an imiiii 
 
 ' "n the public .si_ 
 
 ■ ilow he manage 
 -stated in the A 
 
 Ksides, sent thr 
 
LliWlS CASS. 
 
 iolution in Van 
 
 L sons," whose 
 
 corpoitilois to 
 
 suneniler" him 
 
 aids whined so 
 
 •' ciiielV 
 
 said to 
 
 CASS, A3 OOVfiRNOn, SENATOR, AND MICHIOAN NABOB. 
 
 103 
 
 .on of <>nemies 
 .M, and coURAOE, 
 ; powerful intol- 
 
 once your glory 
 single event h;is 
 which has been 
 enled " the free- 
 ;j)ons! about bar- 
 er, mlher quaintly, 
 'iiijr audiences to 
 
 biuikers, brokers, 
 eaders ; reccivins; 
 liii<r with some of 
 iil)ais:;n a«>;ainst the 
 velve vears course 
 \vb(>n "be landed at 
 fickle dame called 
 iurrison, who, like 
 
 k-. 
 
 vin<.'ston, IMcLano, 
 n, l-:aton, Ingham, 
 
 ,l>'o<nii explain Cam- 
 nSulVulW loi- a sojit 111 
 ion (if slavery to Mi^- 
 tlie\V;ivsaiiilMc:ni*. 
 iiiLMiiiil" niKl oxtoniiil, 
 ^- wm- than 1>2 Vfiib 
 ,!•'.■ any innn to pomi 
 ,.,,Muirv. Uavinjr rm 
 „,il lirre, <vrq>/ ^.cv 
 
 wav^ th"" ""•■'' '"■,'' 
 lurof V. B.-slirc,ii.' 
 
 rulk, witli wliiiia i'^' 
 iirs. very >^lHlrt inad'\ 
 Hud voliiics. Mo-M>. 
 •ay ; 
 
 en] :iro ftock spnciilairr'. 
 
 «,.,! 1.1 n r.-«imrler sMui-.y 
 ,,v,,h,: y.nrs CMinbn! ni: 
 i„„„cv i-litiii'Jiii!: fi mill 
 „ itMli\ ilii:tl ill tl"' *'■"'■ 
 1,1 Siiirli II) I'.'i. "■ "'^"' 
 .;rfij;nca lii^* aiipoiu' iii.nl, 
 
 inch in anv Mate wiili- 
 ft 1000 fVoni Biildle, for 
 in 1^-^.'), in Congress, 
 
 Li llnuily to the state of 
 t and ihence emigr.-itcti 
 teinl80-3. InlbObho 
 Vced a bill to suspend 
 bear he was appointi^ 
 Vol'ontcera elected m\ 
 
 Branch and Berrien ; of whom the three last named were warm friends of Cal- 
 houn. The President and Eaton were, at heart, opposed to Calhoun, and in the 
 
 iheir colonel, find with that regiment he joined General Hull and marehcd from Dayton to 
 Daroit. liull SL'UL him acros.s to Sandwich, with "280 men, and Lieut. Col. Miller, to sec what 
 ill.: Briri'<h w.'iv .•il;oiii, iuiit aiierwanis cruss.'d to (.'anada hiui-cll', but Ixiui^ (dd and tiic fire ot 
 youiii all sone, il'ht- uvur had any, Ik.' sc)<in mrcaied be-fore a Vfiy iiili'rior l.)icf, and surrcn- 
 Ikivd Dciroit. Cass was si;nt tj Washin'.^ton, whi're In.: gave Dr. Ilustis, in Scptemlu'r, an 
 a.:couat of liii; rain|)ai2rn. .My iinpivs-sioa is, that he behaved well ; but a iuihti;i colonel willi- 
 ciiita niiliuiry edu.jatioii had not much chaiH.'L' to di.stinsruisli liiinsclf. It wa.s great cruelty to 
 ik' count-y not to slioji Hull, as smitcnccd. The example wa.s nuudi wanted in those days,'and 
 ii was the fate he richly merited, by his bullying proclamations and base cowardice. Ca-ss was 
 ;i;ipointeil Governor of Michii^an by Madison, in IHVA. ihi held that oliice eii,'hteen j'ears, 
 ;iud, being considered mon; suitable (or the purposes and policy of \'iin Hiin.'n tind Jaclcson, 
 lium Bi-'rrien, Hianch and liicrhaia, succeeded to the w;ir de})artiiient innni.'diaiely alter the blow 
 up in ilie lirst cabinet. In \H.U>, Jackson .sent him to represent his ^'•overnineut at the court of 
 Louis Philippe, wli tc he reinaim^d till Dceinlvr, 1S1:2, and lias since been elected to the 
 United States Senate from .Vliehiiran. In |Hll,hewas named as ,i r;andidale for the pri'si- 
 (L'uey. Ititcliie was tlii'ti rullnT Iriendly to him, and piihlisheil in his i-mcjuirer many lelteTs in 
 liis fiv.eir. I b'iss, now Hii.'!iii''.s putii'T in the Uninn., but then of the Nashville Union, copied 
 ,1 loncc sketch of his [Cass's] life, '■ hy reipust/' as he took care to state. Cass was, and is, ;i, 
 ivorite in Ohi), wiih v/hat is called the conservative, " or p(.-t banks for e\er" parly — and 
 ii.ivinu; mad.' ;i li'W llo'irish's wliile in rr.-im'..' ahoiit the tyranny of I'lnijland, and all tlial, 
 ,. / nifitfiiii/inii. (•//',',"<, hi: was s.'i down by the war tidks in tlie west ;is very liivoralde to another 
 l.Tiih of July, 18I:J, policy. In the seiiiite he keeps up this ' []vv. and independent' charaet(.'r, bill, 
 ;U li.') or ijtj 3eais of a'^e, it is to lie pn.'suineil that his fi^'htini,' days are all over. Hisiipposiiioa 
 111."; quiniuple treaiy a>,'aiiist slaver\', and atf 'cied cr real indiijnation at Enj,dand's '' tteiermi- 
 lation to per.si'vere in her pl.ans ol'sup[)ressimj tiie sla\e trade, until slavery itself was extirpated 
 uy.n tlij world," aiibr.ls the very best proof, tliai like the cold anil caleuiatim; Van IJuren, he 
 .^as (juite reaily t.) barter New Hampshire and < Jhio lt?.diiurs liir a phtilanx ol' southern votes, 
 .<n 1 1.) exhibit in the presideiili.il chair the revohinu: speeta.'le of a iriicklinir New Kns^lander, 
 dyin^ the hireliii'j;, as the attorney ol'u sei of men whose notions of lilK'rty are better reali/e(l 
 ! Texas as ii is, than ;i.s it ou;4ht to be. Kiiehie and his cli(|ue would have jirelerred Cass to 
 Van Bureii, but l',)l!c was still betier. Thi> yo'^e ovi'riluce millions ol' unlucky necks in North 
 ^;ncrii;a was lik.'ly to be i,'rasppd the tii,'hli'.st by one who. with his ancestors, had alwavs boUL'lii 
 ,iiul sold our I'dlovv cre.alures liki' cattle, and iii'\-er e\en dreamt of the sliu:hlest amelioration ot 
 :ii/ir hapless lol. li.uv well Ca.s.s knaw the s. .nth and the west! His tact was really admiridilc. 
 How naturally he put on the ^:uise of a horrnr-struck freeman, at the very idea of a unitiuil 
 ri^'lit to search lor human cariJ,o,'s of kidnapiu'd Africans I What a blow to our liberties, should 
 \vi! suul'r it! Van Ibireii. in his inaui;ural. vetoed in advance every ell'ort to enforce the con- 
 -liiuiioii in its niirily in the l)i--trii-t of Colunil'ia. That was part of /u'i'/M/'^.'i/Z/f. No man in 
 AiU'rica w iuld '.i ■!•(* cheerfully have oli'ered oi' aci'epted just sudi terms as iiis were, ihau 
 Lewis Cass. 
 
 His huuiaiiiiy l i ih ^ Indians was on a par n iih his kindly feeling's tor tlie .s.'rls. 'When tiie 
 
 -iiiiU'eine Court of til ; Union had deeili'd that tin." Cherokees or Creeks were entitled lo the, 
 
 11(1 'P'^itik'nt and quiet po-s,'ssion ol the lands of their fathers, which tliey justly claimed, Ca.ss, 
 
 .iko Van Buren and Butler, was for K''"ii'o rid ni them. He is a y:ood writer, thanks to his 
 
 V.uikee education; (he was tli; sidioolmate of Weh.sier and Sahonstall;) and he tilled the (i/ohr 
 
 i'/r WL\'ks wilh ailacks on the humane doctrine of ihe Jiids^es. Jackson's policy prev;iiled — ihe 
 
 ;iMr In.ii.ms wev.; viitually banished — the nation was h.-tivily taxed to paj' for drivina' them 
 
 'v.'st, tar from the '.,'raves of their I'ailiers — the lieorc^ia slave-owners were conciliated, and 
 
 i ',iss had his splendid reu aid in the I'reiieh embassy, and became as supple and oily a courtier 
 
 !ii ilie julile Bourbon as he had pi-,ned hiin>'elf U-fore to the passionate 'rennessean. 
 
 [ Geiijr.il Cass is rii h — very ri'di — nm), lik." Van Buren, very fond of money. He made a 
 
 ' i''irtiuie by monopolisinar, throU'.rh his station, means, and superior credit, much of the lands 
 
 'lo.se to and around Detroit, at an early day — kept n sort of land otlico, and sold them out m 
 
 • lots at imiaense proliis, on bond and mortE;as-e, p;radually, as the city increased. When Wise, 
 
 ■' ill Congress, had accused him of having got rich through government jobs, agencies and cni- 
 
 , 'racts, the Gnoa--;, Blair, in April, 1810, replied, that "General Cass, while Governor of the 
 
 ! ^m'ritory of Michigan, bought a tract of land on the verge of the then infant city of Detroit. 
 
 : The sudden and rapid growth of the city converted this iwnM into city lots, which General Cass 
 
 i sold for an immense .sum of money. His forinne consists in the bonds and mortcvcks obtained 
 
 ■ an the public sale of real estate which he purchased in the early settlement of Michigan." 
 
 ■ How he manages with his wallet of " bonds and mortgages" I can only guess from the fact, as 
 stated in the Albany Argus, that in December, 1813, the first ward of Detroit, in which he 
 
 i resides, sent three Van Buren men to the coimty convention there, the delegates in which 
 
 I, ,.■; 
 
 ■(.,* 
 
 .1 
 
 I 
 
 
 J ■^. M^^ 
 
 ,..■ t . 
 
■ 'i 
 
 
 t- 
 
 'h 
 
 
 I. 
 
 '>' 
 
 104 CASS, AS ."ricRETAnY or WAR, INDIAN Aon\r, '\7> a:mbassador. 
 
 interest ol N'uii Eiuon. 1 ilo nul at all doiiLl tluit \ an Jjuiun';j leltev to iloyt, 
 page 2H'>j liuly ilcsiiibia his stuiiiling with (Jcik lal JucL^on : " [ fuucjuund 
 
 stood, 'i'J (iir Van Huren, and Lut ±i I'ur C'asM, ol' which tlie city sent a inajoi ily opposed to liirn. 
 It'tliis is so, liis jiupulaiily amonj,' tliose wlio hail had inoht dealing's with him, \vn» not Very 
 stronf,'. 
 
 When In- Icll I)t iioit lor Washin^'ton. in June, IwIJI, lu hccanu'. as .'■'crri'larv ofWar, the 
 olhi.ial |)rinci|iai in M'tllii;',' the accounts ol his live Indian J\i;i'nri('s, imil ,,i iinimnsc diKhiirsc- 
 nicnts tiiadc hy liini liir llic U. S. ^(ovcrnnii'nt. lie r^dllwl lus own accounts; piThaps with tin- 
 aid of sonic di'p( ndcnt anditor. and pciliaps not. Willi Andrew htcM'usoii as >>pi';ilicr, rcjfu- 
 latinj;; tiic coinniillcus, aiid ihc uii<li il hail ol a London inis>ion [ijaccd rrrr /.r/urr /;;.< ri/rs, con- 
 ffi'cssional in(piiiy was hut an iniairinaiy ciicrk. Yet all may have k'en perleclly correct. 
 Who can iiiiow anythinir to llie contraiy ! As sdt/id irilh, (Jass was assuredly no defaidter. 
 The Piiilliiiiil Adraiisir icmaiks, ijuit prioi' lo ihe time of heint,' Secretary ol War, he was 
 Governor olMielii;,'an — tiien a territory — and snperintentlent of Indian alliiiis. I'olh oliices 
 were ^'iveii by ilie :,^'iieral iroverinm'nt. and hotli salary oliiccs. Tlie bu-.iness of the Superin- 
 tendenl was wilh the Secivlary (jf Wai\ Condny: fi'uni this olliee, iherelore, to the Wai 
 deparinient, Ciovcrnor ('ass had tin; power lo settle his own accoiUits wilh his own hands, and 
 almost upon his own terms. He had been a contractor, receiver and disbitrser, i.nd U-catne 
 debtor and cij'dilor ami examiner of his own accounts." 
 
 John IJell, JIarrisiin's Wai' Secretary, winds tip his annnal or other report wilh .sonip 
 very lell-handed compliments to Indian A;.'enis relative lo iheir honesty, but nan:es nobody. 
 He was .s(Kjn ousted. 
 
 In the matti r ol' the 11. S. Hank. Cass, in ihe cabinet, was assiu'edly no Diiane. The pri'- 
 sideni had ikj nceil to oiler to i-oinpound with his ti'i.der consrience by an oiler of ' the P.nssinn 
 nrissi<jn.' Loni; alter Ihe bank was deiiinel, society ascertained throii'/h a biier loG. O. Wliii- 
 temore, that Lewis Cass •• had never seen in the consiiuilion of the IJ. S. a suliieient errant of 
 jiower'' to establish a national bank, t )f course he thoiiijht Madifon very Avi'onir indeed, wheti 
 he siifiied ihe national bank chatter in IHKi. and also (Jra\vfoi\l, Monroe, Callioun, Clay, Van 
 Hiiren and the Supreme Cotnt, in deli'iidintj tin- act, bnt, beini,' Govcrnnr of .Michitran, Iv 
 Madi>on's appointmeiil. just then, he was liir loo jiolilc and ci\il ti) say so. .'so };,> was, but he 
 I'linii/s ihijUifht so. So lie did. In Sept. IH.'tl. in the 'I'eletrraph, (leneral (ireen discribuJ 
 < 'ass, as •' Foil A n.wK — tor internal imiirovcmeut.^ — tarilf >o-so — a liiileanti-SnincmeConr; — 
 Iriend of Ihe Indians, .\\p no t'iiii-;\t 
 
 General Cass's laws, when Governo!' of the teiiitory of Michijran, were, some of ihciii, in, 
 jx'culiar as 'the |ieeiiliar insiitntioii' of the soiilli. The followin'/ enactment, if e.>;tended to jus- 
 tices of the peace here, uoiild much deliirbt many /imird men who may have been so unfoitii- 
 uale as to bretik Ihe comniandmenl number ei'/lit. as also their worships of the rpioriiin, who 
 Mould be sure of heavy fees, prompt ))ay, and no need to tax bills. Poor sinners, as tisnal. 
 Mould be excluded from the benelits. No pay, no pardon ! 
 
 " An Act for Patdonin;;: Ale.vander OiHon. — I5e it enacteil by the governor atul judges of the 
 territory of Michii^'an. that Alexander (»di(in. now inij)risoned in tlii' co^nity <,'acil of the conniv 
 of Wayne, upon a conviction for larceny, be jiardoned and released from sjacJ iijion conditiuii 
 that he pay to the SheriU'of the said cotinty, the costs and expenses which ha^•e accrued fr< la 
 ihe time of his apprehension till his disehari,'e. The same being adopted i'rcm the laws ,; 
 one of the original states, to wit, the state of New York", as far as necessarv and suitable i' 
 Ihe circumstances of the territory of JNlichigan. Made, aitoptml and pidilished at the citv el' 
 Detroit, in the territory of Michigan, this Tlh day of August in the yearof our Lord, 1817. 
 (Signed) L-kwis (J.tss, (inrrnior af the t'irilonj of IMirkigan.'" 
 
 A few inonlhs before General Harrison died, one would have ihought that if the ofiici;,! 
 newspaper of the I'nioii at Washington was entitled to credit for veracity, lie niust hav.^ 
 been one of the greatest of monsters, one of the w(<rst of nieii. When he died, Cass, at Paris, 
 delivered a very long orati<jn to his meinorv, from which one Mould have judged that he nni-'^ 
 have been " one of the greatest and best" of men — all this, too. on personal knowledge. 
 
 Wlien defeated in what .some sii|ipo.se to have been the great object of his wishes, by tin' 
 decision in favoiu- of Polk, Cass wrote to E. Worrell luid others, that he Mas delightcii wiiii 
 the choice the Baltimore Convention liad made of such "lirm. consistent, able, and hone.M ' 
 citizens as Messrs. Polk and Dallas, both of whom he knew intimately, and that •' tliey wcuil 
 never disappoint the expectations of OUR party, nor of ihe eountry.'' Perhaps he really wa- 
 delighted. He had Miitten from Paris, Ki Aug. 1841, ■' My conviction is, that there is nothing 
 in my present position, notiiino i.\ .mv past carkkr, which should lead to my .selection lu. 
 such a mari^ of conlidenee. My repugnance is great, ^r ALMOST invincible." How 
 sorry the friends of Peace mast 1)P ! That is, in ca.se Polk should set the world in a blaze. 
 Mr. Richard Rush wrote Aaron Hobart, of Boston, Jan. 4, 1844, that, after an acquaintanco 
 of more than thirty years, he wanted General Cass to be elected, " Because to have ii 
 
 entirdif ,• 
 not entcii 
 
 T\w H 
 to have I 
 navigiitiu 
 U. S. em 
 
 hi the 
 Jaclcson i 
 honied a 
 thojie bai 
 material i 
 elevated 
 for the dc 
 
 man like h 
 moiiacing i 
 out of ids c 
 this session 
 care a ni^k. 
 the anii-ski' 
 own eieeti'j 
 W'liich he ei 
 l>hJs (ejntij 
 lui n inily a 
 pcrpcliiated 
 III his pr 
 that, in the i 
 nol all lliat 
 slave.i, or tl 
 ocj.Lii into .1 
 jiartic-i h:i\- 
 wilh any 
 and that tt 
 ever." 
 
 Ca-;s's el 
 treaty, by i 
 pie.ssment, 
 Webb, of tl 
 dontiy llk.'s 
 cracy of Ca 
 very worst 
 . (jeiieral 
 approved ol 
 no means tl 
 kindly feelii 
 or Cass ; yi 
 Van Rure'ii 
 of jiarty are 
 (riis a ina^ 
 engaging ai 
 laiity wilho 
 
 .slill. Pol 
 
 s.lllVdge, k'l 
 whil- Ciav 
 ranks, ifi 
 ll'tters. H,i 
 diijie. Tlie 
 lie is courte 
 sized, piirtlv 
 wallet of nit 
 presi lent , 
 liapji'n tw. 
 
fBASSADOR. 
 
 , letter to lloyt, 
 " / htue found 
 
 urilyo{ipu.stdtoliini, 
 him, wns not very 
 
 •nt'tfirv ol'War, the 
 1 imiiuMsi' (li.sl)nrHt'- 
 its; in'rliaps with till' 
 im as fSpi'akor, it<;u- 
 ■/■ /'ilcv hif >i/fx. con- 
 •cii '|)cit('C'lly coriirl. 
 siiiihIIv no (li!l'aiilt<T. 
 i.irv t'V War, lie wa.^ 
 lllilil^. I'o'll (illicrs 
 ni"ss C.I ilic Siipi riii- 
 iTi'luic, li> the War 
 ii liis (iwn hands, ami 
 sbuiser, und became 
 
 lipr ri'port with somp 
 V, hut nnn.es nobody. 
 
 10 Duanc. The pri'- 
 
 (illor of ' the nns<inn 
 Iciur toG. O. Wliii- 
 a snliicifnt errant ot 
 
 • wronir indeod, \\\wn 
 CaUmun, <-iuy. Van 
 
 nor of Michicfan, I v 
 
 So 111- vas, hilt l]i' 
 
 ral (irci'ii dLscvihuJ 
 
 nti-Sii)irt-mi' Coiir; — 
 
 IV, some 111' tiicin, ;is 
 nt, it' extended tojM<- 
 fivi- bfon so unf'orni- 
 oi' the quornm, who 
 oor sinners, as u>iial, 
 
 imr ai.d judges of llie 
 ilv ',';'.(..l 111' the conniv 
 u'!,'aol iijion condiliuii 
 
 .1 have acrrued I'n la 
 led i'rcin the laws i-f 
 ssarv and suitable t^' 
 
 dslied al the eity ef 
 of our Lord, 1817. 
 try of Mirhigau." 
 
 ;ht tiiat if the oflici;J 
 racily, h.e must haw 
 . died, Cass, at Paris, 
 e judged that he niii^' 
 .al knowledge. 
 L of his wishes, by ll," 
 !ie was delighted wiili 
 ent, able, and honc.M' 
 and tlial •' lliey wouil 
 'erhaps he really wa- 
 s, that there is nothing 
 d to my selection lur 
 T invincible." How 
 the w orld in a blaze, 
 ifter an acquaintance 
 " Because to have « 
 
 CA.SS ANULIXli FOR TIIK AMI'.RICA.N DIADI.M. 
 
 105 
 
 Aiw," says hf.y''^ affectionalCf ronjUkiitiul, mid kind to the lust (hr/rcc ; and am 
 entirdij tuidsjifj t/ial there, is no decree of yooil fcclinrj or confidence which he dom 
 not entertain for »jc." 
 
 Tlu! fust measures ut' consequence in which Van Huron was engaged, appear 
 to have been the preparation of .suitable instructions relative to coininercej taritis, 
 navigation, and boundaries, and the adjustiu'-nt of claims, for the guidance of the 
 \j. S. envoys and other agents in England, l-'rance, Mexico, Spain, &c. 
 
 In the prosecution of the U.S. claims on France, he seems to have persuaded 
 Jackson to assume a to.ie of menace and defiance, very unlilce indeed to his 
 honied accents when addressing imperial England. The aggrandizement of 
 those banUsand mercantile concerns on which lie placed depet<dence, as forming 
 material for the construction of a step-ladder by which, in time, he might be 
 elevated to the Presidency, was not forgotton ; nor did he hesitate to intrigue 
 for the destruction of the U. S. Bank, from the moment in which he saw Jackson 
 
 man like him President, would be the most likely means of keening us OUT OF WAR, under 
 iii.niaeiiig questions that hang over us.'' Methinks i"i lend llush would have letl this became. 
 out of liis catalogue, !iad h'.' heard the gallant general's trumpet tongtied noifs in the capitol 
 this session, all ending in jl'' 11)', for which, however, some wiclced wags allirm tliat he don't 
 c.iro a rmh. t5roiigliaiii sai I of Cass's ellbrls lo plea-^e the eotuin growiii" slates hy opposing 
 the anii-shivery Irealy, " Ami he has done all this foi- what ! Fur the sake of furthering liis 
 ou';i eleeiioaecring int^-rest in America, and lidping himself Id that t.eal the po.ssessicn of 
 whicii hi envied ,\Ir. Tyler — :lie ^••at of the firsi magistrate of that mighty republic. My 
 loiJs (ejniiiuu'.l llrougnam), I hope and trii-t, I'or t!i' sake of Ameriea, of England, aid oi_ 
 hunuiiiy tiui maidcind al large, tlial liiv! prosp-rity and haiJiiinoss of that great people w.li be' 
 perpetuated I'or ever." 
 
 In his ])rolesi, C;lss ai-euse I Kiigland of duplicity. Wel)ster replied : •• Vou will perceive 
 thai, in the oi)iiiion ol' this GovernuiL'ni, eriiising against slave dealers on the coast of Africa is 
 noi all thai is n.'cessary to h.' done, in order to pul an ond lo the Inulic. There are markets for 
 slaves, or the urhappy natives ol' Africa would nil b" seized, chained, and carried over iIk; 
 oc.'.ui into .->lave.y, 'Phese mark 'is ought to b.- .shut. And in th" treaty, the high contracting 
 parties hav • siinulal'd ' liiai th'y will unite in all bei;omiiig repn^sentalioiis and remonstrances 
 wiih any and all poweis within whose dominions such maikels an; allowed to exist; 
 and thai, they will luge the jiroprieiy and duly of closing such markets al once and for 
 ever." 
 
 Cass's eH'orls in France prevcnteel ihi^ ralilie.ilioii, by that nation, of a mutual conccs.sion 
 treaty, by rcpres'uling lingland as insineere, and (I'sirous to enforce her old designs of im- 
 piessmenl, searching I'or her seamen, &.i;. President 'I'yliu' ai)[)roveii highly of (Ju.ss's (.'onduct. 
 Webb, of the Courier and Iviquirer, rarely missi's a defenw- ol (!ass or ot .Marey. H(^ cvi- 
 deatiy lik.'s many of his liroih a- e liiois ol'the Whig party mui-h worst- than he does the demo- 
 cracy of Cass and M.ircy. lie and they are thorough-going friends of negro-slavery in its 
 very wor.st forms. 
 
 .(.Tcueral Ca.ss is the Se'cretarv wli i issurd orders to Gaines to invade 'I'e.xas. Of course he 
 approved ol the.se ordeis. Had it not Lieen so, he could have resigned his place. He is bv 
 no means the equal in iibiliiy o|'{;iay ami Calhoun, nor does ln" possos ihe excellent heart, tlw 
 kindly feelings ol'Col. Johnson. Van iJuren has less mental piiw<T than either (day, Calhoun 
 or Cass; yet, nolwithstamliiig a life of intrigue and (iemagogueism,.ch!ince did the mo.sl foi him. 
 Van Buren prefi'rred Cass to ("alhoiin, and Calhoun piefeircd PolkloCass. The new divisions 
 of jiarty are north and south, slave owner and freeman. Southern policy is to give lo us norili- 
 criis a master, and to ensuri- our bmiiage to the spread of iludr system by dividing us, and 
 engaging and iiargaining with the Alareys, Walkers, and other cunning men who have pojiii- 
 larity with(jul lil)eralily. (Jalhoiin was hoi tiir Texas, but, ;is lo (Jregon, he uigetl us to he 
 .still. Polk does not dill'er from him. Had I voted in Nov. I. SM, Polk would have had my 
 s idVage, bei' luse he Ntood pl'dged to uel with |)erfecl e(|ualily lo the Ibreign born and the native, 
 while Clay stood sih-nt, with our native bigots, the I'oreigner's avowed enemies, in his front 
 ranks, lifher.' is to be a slavi' class, and ii masier class, 1 shall not willingly tiiige my own 
 li'lti-r-i. Had I supporteil Polk, however, which I did not, I would Inive been, as others are, his 
 dupe. Thosi' who ate inlunale with Ciov. Cass, tell me, thai his manners are pleasing ; thai 
 he is courieoiis; a gooil scholar ; an amiiible man ; a goo;! hu.sliand and father, lie is a large 
 sized, portly man, with it big head ; and carries his p.ilitieal principles, like a country doctor';* 
 wallet of medicines, in a convenient, portable form. He played ids card well in the game of 
 presilenl iuakiu,', in HH— and, .itler Van Buren's cleclioii. there's no knowing what may 
 happ'n two \ ■ ir- Ii'mi.c. Cass is, by Irade, a politician, and has mind and ;,nvat experience. 
 
 ■{■•<' . 
 
 t.i;' 
 
 >>' 
 
 
 ■I:'! 
 
 ^\ 
 
I 
 
 106 
 
 JACKSON, CALHOUN, AND THE SEMINOLE WAR. 
 
 1,- 
 
 h ■'.■•: 
 
 Iv^'' 
 
 
 ! 
 
 ■ , . f : 
 
 If 
 
 ij- ' : 
 
 Mi 
 
 
 in possession of substantial power. The President was speedily involved in a 
 quarrel with the directors of the U. S. branch at Portsmouth, i\. H., and the 
 breach when made was easily widened. 
 
 The iniluence of the cabinet ; its patronage ; the means its members had of 
 giving a direclioa to public opinion on certain important subjects ; their views, 
 connections, expectations, wishes; the majority of them desiruus to see Calhoun 
 the next President ; Calhoun himself already at the head of the Senate as Vice 
 President ; with the Telegraph press and patronage of Congress in the hands of 
 its indefatigable editor, General Dull' Green, at his back ; presented a state of 
 things wliich neither Jackson nor Van Buren liked, so they resolved upon a dis- 
 solution of the cabinet, as the only plausible means of getting rid of Branch, 
 Ingham, and Berrien. One pretext for a quarrel was found, in the fact that 
 President Monroe, and his Secretary of War, Calhoun, had not been altogether 
 satisfied with .laciison's mode of conducting the Seminole war,* — and this was 
 
 ■ What .u;i; tiik ruis ov the Seminole question'? Tlicy are iln'se. Jackson ■\vris 
 employed hy Monroo, and his cabinet, which then consisted of CravfonI, Aiiams, Cnlhoun, 
 Wirt, and Crowninshieid, to chastise certain Indian liihos or bands, wiiose home was in 
 P^lorida, a possessiou of Spain. He disobeyed, or rather transcended Ids orders, and on ihe 
 l!)th of .hily, 18IS, President Monroe wrote hiin privately, that when ealled into serviei' 
 ajrainst the iSeininoles. " the views and intentions ot' the i^orernment wctv i'nllv disclosed i\' 
 respect lo the operations in Florida. IN TRA.X.-^CK.NDlAG 'I'tlE LIxMIT PKKSCRIHED 
 BV THOSf; ORDERS, you acted on your own responsibility.'' Mr. Monroe said, it was 
 right to attack' the .SeniinoiCs in Florida, for tl-.ey jiad a sort of sovereignty there, "but an 
 order by the government to attack a Spanish post would assume anotlur character. IT 
 WOULD AlJrHORIZF, WAR. CONGRESS ALONE POSSESS THAT POWER.'' 
 Jackson hi I s-iz.vl and held the posts or forls of Spain in liinj ol' peace. Hill had denounced 
 him, so had Ritchie, and Noah. Coleman of the Post, Feb. H, 18l'.(, said, that ''in s])ite of 
 the votes which one branch of Jie legislature ha\'0 passed, we shall continue to think that the 
 eon duct Ol General Jackson, in forciUly pntcring the Spanish territory, and seizing upon lli- 
 civil authority; in decoying, by mean's of false colors, two Indian chiefs on board of an 
 American vessel, and th.m hanging tln'ni at the yardarm, one of whom, too, had spared the 
 life oi an American capiivc, attlie intercession of his dau'jrhters; and in luirrying lo a violent 
 and ignominious death, two prisoners, after quarter had been granted, can never be justiheii 
 by any authoriiv lo i)e tbund in ^ny civil or religious code." in iJie liritisii cabinet it was 
 .seriously debated whetiier satisfaction or war ought not lo be the, alti-rnaiive dcman.ied for the 
 hanging of Capt. Arbutimot, wIk) advised the Entriish authorities that Jackson's war mission 
 was occasioned by persons who were grasjiing after the lands of ihe Indians, and the southern 
 planters desiring to .seize and ])unish thejr black bondsmen for seeking that freedom iu a 
 S)ianish colony which the laml of liberty denied. Crawf ird, in (me nf his |e|icrs, mentioned 
 that, about this time Jaelison wrote to Monroe, and '-gnM' it as his opinion that the l''loiidas 
 ought to be taken by the lTniie(| Slates." He (Jackson) added, '• it might Ix- a delicate matter 
 for the Executive to decide; but the I'residenl f.MoiHneJ had oiilv Id give a hint lo .some 
 cunfiikntiol member of Congress, say.Toimny Ray, 'Tnd he woidd take ii, and take Iheresponti- 
 bi lit V upon himself." Was Senator Houston, Jacksoifs Johnny Rav, in the Te.xas all'air ? 
 WasSennttir Ynlee, I'olk's Johnny Ray, when he introduced a ivsdiution rec-entiy lo anne.\ 
 Cuba, afier the highest ollleials in Illinois harl met ami advised Ihat measure'? Who are to 
 be the Oregon and California Raysl That Presideiu is ,;ol vert particular in t';e matter ot" 
 .sincerity wlio pbdires himself lo <ill Oiegon before an eleciiun, olleis to give iiji 15,000 square 
 miles at>er it, declaivs U) the American people that our title j.; .Icar and unijuer.iionable to 54" 
 40'. and then oders a compromise for latitude liC^. 
 
 To return to Monroe's letter to Jackson. He told him that his seizinc: the fortrcs-ses 
 of Spain, might involve the Union in a war with that power, when Hritish i)iivateer.s would 
 harass American c-ommerce, and this country not have one Kui"])ean jiouei' on its akXc. — and 
 that such a .stale of things ought not lobe liiditly hazarded. He advised Jackson toamend his 
 reasons — and in aiiotiier private letter, dated Oct. ^M, added, '• I was sorry to liml thai yon 
 unilerstood vour instriieiions relative to operations in Florida OIFFERENTL\' FKo.M 
 Wll.'VTWE INTE.NDKD." Here he speaks for himself and his cabinet, especially Im 
 Calhoun, wiii) was then at Ihe head of the depnrtmeni of war, and had issued ilie.se instrur- 
 tions. Air. Monroe bids the general write out his views, adding, " This vvill he answered, so 
 a-'io explain ours, in a tVieiuilv manner, by Mr. (.alhouii, WHO HAS VERY Ji;ST AND 
 LIBERAL SICNTIMENTS ON THE SUBJECT. This will be necessary in the case of a 
 call for papers by Congress, or may be. Tints we shall all .stand on the groimd of honor, 
 
 furnished 
 Forsyth u 
 evidently 
 say feigne 
 matter, he 
 leading po 
 
 EACH DO 
 to place eac 
 
 Adams's 
 public capac 
 we see that 
 just and ver 
 "sought for i 
 could Jacksi 
 lion liad \Ki 
 iliat he had 
 and fortress 
 and Crawiu 
 (Ilia "re 1 was 
 I'liat Messrs 
 views were 
 would have 
 tlie Preside!! 
 
 Crawfii'd 
 tiie .secret eu 
 ^tatement si 
 pretend to c 
 assurances ( 
 
 In 18-28, V 
 as follows : 
 " place a fe 
 " meeting ot 
 '• sequence ^ 
 " CALHOL 
 'PROPRIA 
 ••JACKSO: 
 
 Hamilton 
 'J5, 1828, he 
 net the pro] 
 during the 
 MEASURE 
 cabind ivus t 
 
 Hamilton 
 fedei'alist, ai 
 information 
 ARREST, V 
 Berrien wer 
 had no meai 
 indignation 
 apples of di: 
 ARREST, I 
 Crawford, tl 
 a disavowal 
 
 Finding I 
 :ja April,' l> 
 " letter to iV 
 " should be 
 "AM N(V] 
 " PROPOS. 
 " made use ( 
 Forsyth seci 
 that. In on 
 hut in the m 
 ur of puiiisli 
 
lily involved in a 
 
 I, JV. H., and the 
 
 niombcrs had of 
 ;cts ; their views, 
 as to see Calhoun 
 le Senate as Vice 
 ss in the hands of 
 "sented a state of 
 iolved upon a dis- 
 ig rid of Branch, 
 ], in the fact that 
 •t been altogether 
 ■,* — and this was 
 
 icso. Jackson ■vvas 
 :■(!, Adams, Calhoun, 
 rt'iiose home was in 
 s orders, and on iln; 
 
 ralli'd into survji'i' 
 rt- luUv disclosed ii' 
 1IT PRK.SCRIHlvD 
 Monroe said, it was 
 ii(iity there, " but an 
 itluc character. IT 
 THAT POWER/' 
 Hill had denounced 
 lid, that •' in spite of 
 nue to think that the 
 liid seizing- upon th" 
 ef's on i)oard oC an 
 . too, had s[)are<l the 
 Jiurrvin;:; lo a violent 
 m never he jusii/icil 
 •Jtish cabinet it was 
 ve (lemanled lor the 
 eks(>n"s war mission 
 lis. and the southern 
 ,' that iVeedoin in a 
 
 is |e|i('rs, mentioned 
 on that the l-'loiidas 
 !«• a (lelii'iiie iiiatti'i' 
 ;ive a hint lo .some 
 lid lake (he respoiuii. 
 
 I the Texas aliair ? 
 
 II recently lo aniie.v 
 siirel Who are to 
 liar in t':e matter of 
 vc lip 1;),00() .square 
 iKjue.-'iionable to 54" 
 
 'i/iiis: the fortrcs-ses 
 ish jiiivatcers would 
 vrv on its fiidv. — and 
 aekson to amend hi-^ 
 ■rv lo lind ilinl von 
 ■:RI^.NTL^■ Flio.Al 
 billet, especially I't 
 is>iMed lliese instill' - 
 vvill be answered, .su 
 ri:RY JCrtT AND 
 sary in the case of a 
 le ground of honor, 
 
 MONROE, ADAMS, CALHOUN, AND THE KINDERHOOK PLOT. 
 
 107 
 
 furnished by the confederates of Van Buren, and urged through Hamilton and 
 Forsyth upon Jackson at the fitting moment, who feigned a feeling of indignation, 
 evidently put on, and acted, to rouse Calhoun and bring on an angry dispute. J 
 say feigned a feeling, for after Jackson had quarrelled with Calhoun on this 
 matter, he remained upon the most cordial and kindly terms with many other 
 leading politicians, who, as ho well knew, had in 1818 and 181y, been among 
 
 EACH DOING JUSTICE TO THE OTHER, which is the ground ou which we wish 
 to place each other." 
 
 Adams's vindication of Jack.son is on record — Monroe's manly conduct towards him in his 
 public capacity, was only equalled by his kind and friendly consideration in private. Here 
 we see that he frankly told Jaclcsou, that Calhoun's sentiments in the whole ma'tcr were very 
 just and very liberal, and that his (Jackson's) conduct was not approved, but that rea.sons were 
 "sought for its justitication that the evils of an unnecessary war might be avoided. How 
 could Jackson, when in possession of these .secret letters for ten years, pretend, ofkr lii.s elec- 
 tion had been secured through the gigantic efforts of Vice President Calhoun and his friends, 
 liiat he had always understood that Calhoun, as war secretary, had approved of the hangings 
 and fortress seizures in a friendly country without war ! Jackson was enraged at Calhoun 
 and Crawford in 1818, for not liiiukingas he did, but Calhoun gave him a party, and the 
 quarrel was revived at the convenient interval of ten years, to .serve Van Buren. As a proof 
 that Messrs. Monroe and Calhoun continued to confide in Jackson, anrl that their ulterior 
 views were believed lo be his, they otiired him, in 18"23, the mission to Me.vico, which he 
 would have aec 'j^ileJ, had not Burr and others more influential, induced him to set his cap for 
 the Presidency ot the Union. 
 
 Crawford, when he reported, as he had a perfect right to do, at a proper interval of time, 
 the .secret eonver.sations in Monroe's cabinet, ought to have told the truth. Does not his own 
 statement show that he did 'lot do so ? and knowing that, how could Jackson or Van Buren 
 preiend lo depend more on his vindictive yet treacherous memory than on the confidential 
 assurances of James Monroe '! 
 
 In 18-28, we (ind John Forsyth, Van Bnren's confederate, writing Major James A. Hamilton 
 as follows: " Milledg.;ville, "Feb. 8th. Dear Sir: Our friend W. H. Crawford was in this 
 " place a few hours yesterday. By his authority I state, in reply to your inquiry, that, at a 
 "meeting of Mr. Monroe's cabinet to discuss the course to he pur>ued towards Spain, in con- 
 " sequence of General Jackson's proceedings in Florida, during the .Seminole war, MR. 
 "CALHOUN SUBMITTED TO AND URGED UPON THE PRESIDENT THE 
 •PROPRIETY AND NECESSITY OF ARRESTING AND TRYING GENERAL 
 •JACKSON. MR. MONROE WAS VERY MUCH ANNOYED BY IT." 
 
 Hamilton had previously nsked Calhoiui tlie same question. In his letter to him of Feb. 
 tJ5, 1828, he savs — " In reply to my inquiry, ' Whether at any meeting of Mr. Monroe's cabi- 
 net the propriety of ARRESTING GENERAL JACKSON for anything done by him" 
 during the Seminole war, had been at anv time discussed,' you answered, 'SUCFI A 
 MEASURE WAS NO'l' Tl lOUGHT OF— much less discussed. Thr ivi/ii puint hejnrc the 
 cnhintl Was the atiMnr In he giv( d to the Spanish goirnimcnt.' " 
 
 Hamilton was the dependant of Van Buren — he was fond of money — had been an anti-war 
 federalist, and required Van Biiren's aid, as Van Buren did his. At the proper moment, the 
 information which he had secretly obtained from Crawford's friend, Forsyth, about THE 
 ARREST, was communicated to Jackson. The election was now sure — Branch, Ingham and 
 Berrien were true to their jiriiiciples and tlieir friends — Dud' Green stood by Calhoun, who 
 had no means of rew arding him, though by so doing he knew that Jackson's and Van Buren's 
 indignation and ilie lo^s of olfic and its vast emoluments, would be the certain results. The 
 applies of discord had now to be scattered — and Jackson, professing astonishment about the 
 ARREST, and not contented with Calhoun's explicit disclaimer to Hamilton, applied to 
 Crawford, the |iolitical enemy of Calhoun, and who had voted in tlie cabinet to punish him by 
 a disavowal of his Seminole proceedings ! 
 
 Finding that matters v.i-re taKing this new turn, Crawford wrote Forsyth iVoni Woixllawn, 
 30 April, 18IJ0, "I recollect distineily what passed in the cabinet meeting referred to in vour 
 
 "letter to Mr. . Mr. Calhoun's proposition in the cabinet was that (Seneral .Tackson 
 
 "shoidd be PUNISHED IN SO.ME FORM, OR REPRIMANDED IN SO.ME FORM. I 
 "AM NOT POSITIVELY CERTAIN WHKMl, AS MR. CALHOUN DID NOT 
 " PROPOSE TO ARREST GENERAL JACKSON, I feel confident that I could not have 
 " made useof that word in my relation to you," Ac. Here's a disclaimer for you ! He had told 
 Forsyth .secretly that Calhoun did propose to arrest Jackson. Now he tells him he did not say 
 that. In one sentence of the above quoted letter, he says he recollects distinctly what passeti, 
 hut in the next he says he does not recollect distinctly whether CalhL'un spoke of reprimand 
 or of punishment I 
 
 
 t 
 
 ■ 'V-'- 
 
 t 
 
 ..'if' 
 
 ^:: 
 
 1 :• ■ • 
 
 f^.> 
 
 ?;■ 
 
 <■>■ 
 
 ■!'!i- 
 
,,.,(r*fVir-' 
 
 i] 'l 
 
 :•■> •; 
 
 H r-^'v 
 
 108 
 
 Calhoun's retort, crawford on political secrete 
 
 the most hostile to him in the matter of that same Florida campaign. Jackson 
 was perfectly aware that Van Buren, with the presses under his control, and 
 also some of his friends in the U. S. Senate, had really been hi.> deadliest enemies 
 in 1818, and long after it — yet, now that it suited his purpose, he could profess 
 to forget all this, while Calhoun, who had acted most honorably toward him, 
 was made to feel the effect of what assuredly was a rooted hatred. 
 
 Jackson, urged on by Van Buren's creatures, goes to a man for facts, who is filled with envy 
 and hatreil of Calhoun ; and who cannot withhold the details of his own petty griefs, even in 
 an appeal to the public. Calhoun (says he) established the Washington Republican lo 
 slander and vilify nie — he set on Ninian Edwards to brealf down niy chfiracirr, &c. He goc:. 
 on to sav, that he was foi Jackson as president if it wouldn't help Cillhoun, and that Calhoun'- 
 family had called Jackson a " military chieftain," with more of such gossip and twaddl"; 
 adding what had probably the greatest weight of any, " I know personally tiiai r^lr. Calhoun 
 favored iVIr. Adams's pretensions till Mr. Clay declared for him." In his 'letter to Baleh, 14tl> 
 Dec. 1827, Crawford also says, " iMy opinions upon the next presidential election are gene- 
 rally known. Wlien Mr. Van Buren and Mr. Cambreleng made me a visit last April, I 
 authorized them upon every proper occasion to make those opinions known." On turning to 
 page 200, letter 111, it will be seen that " my friend Col. Hoynt ' is the word with Vyr. 
 Buren. In 183'2, we meet with the Colonel's vote to recall Yam from London. When the V;ir: 
 Buren part}' nominated Jackson, in this state, in 1H28, they omitted to name Calhoun for vice 
 president — meantime the plot was ripening, njid a very deep plot it was. How lik"e to (he 
 persecution of Clinton in 1819 and 1820, by Van Buren, Bniler and the '• high minded;" ,i 
 persecution, the priticiple involved in wliich, even Hammond could not sec; lor Clinton ^ 
 measures, like those of Jackson's insulted secretaries, had given enlir'^ sntist;;ctioii. 
 
 Calhoim's letter to Jackson, dated May 29, IHHO, is a specimen of his mnnly ^raight-f"!- 
 wardiiess, and consistency, which one would wish lo see rewarded, even on eaith. Hegoc 
 fully into the merits of the Seminole case — is master of both tacts and aigument.'! — and afln 
 liav'ing stated that he approved, that they all apprcjved, of Monroe's jirivnte letter of .Iftly JJI, 
 1818, 1 cannot perceive how, at an interval of twelve years, Jackson should have singled em 
 him — the man to whom, when aspersed and slandered from Maine lo Missouri, lie o\^ed mi 
 much — as an enemy — unless it was, that he (Calhoun) stood in Hie way of measures, puh'i: 
 or personal, whichJaekson and Van Buren had at heart ; and must be injured, if that \\\\r 
 possible. Calhoun's idea appears from his letters. He says to Jackson, " 1 slunild be blind i;.' 
 to see that this whole affair is a {xjlitieal manu-'uvre, in which the design is that you shoull 
 be the instrument and my.self the victim, but in which llie real actors are carefully concealed 
 by an artful mcjvemenl." In the hands of Clinton, Duane, Calhoun, and men of I'lieir hcn'H- 
 able dispositions, Jackson's admini.slration might have become a ltlessiii;j; to society, and Van 
 Buren been compelled to suspend his intrigues. ,Soon after llie dissohiiioii, ai ri |)ul)lie di.'iiiii 
 in Pendleton, S. C, one of the toasts was " Martin Van Buivn. ' All I thai deeeii should sl'Vil 
 such gentle .shapes, and with a virtuous visor, hide deep vices.' " 
 
 Calhoun never could find tmt the name of Jack.son's I'nst inloriiui-— he \, ho referred ii 
 Hamilton, who in his turn referred to Crawford, lie was just ili<'d in holding i'Virsjlh up h- 
 that detestable char.'icter, ;ind did so — but Van Burei\ reineinlK^retl the seivice lione hiiii nmi m 
 course of lime lAjrsylh became his Secretary of State. 'I'liis was his reward. 
 
 Because I gave to the public the secret cinrespondence ot Van Bmvn and his confederate , 
 instead of lurning it into money, as some poor men like me would have been templed In do, 
 '•.'an Buren's friends hav«' slandered ami perseeiiied inc. In a Idler fioin his favci iie ciiiidi. 
 date, W. H. Crawl'ord, dated Woodlawn, 2d Oct., 1830, iind addressed to J. C. Calhoun, 1 fin' 
 the tbllowing paragraith on political secrets : 
 
 "I slinll ni;it notice .voiir observations upon lliu tli»<'losiire of the FPcret^ of Ilic niliinnt, wliirli you siiy i.; Ill" 
 firstwlPlr.il liiisnci'iirrrii, at UmH in tliia country. Do you rrnlly biliivc lliis iissi runn, Mr. t'^illioiiii .' Ilow ili,l 
 the wiiUcM opinions ol' M(ssr..<. JilfiMson and Ilniiiiiton, mi llii; first liniili liill, < ver t-cf llii/ li^'hl ? How were lli 
 fuels and rircuniNlnncm wliirli iiruciMlFii and acoonipiinicd tlie ruinovui of DdnMiml ll.'inilol|iji from ilie t^tato iJi 
 liarinient by General \VaiiliiM(!toii, d|sclo.si'd and made lomwii to tin: |inlilu' .' If Vnnr assriiiiii bo Iriic, llic-' 
 facts and circunistaiico.s would, at tlii.< nioniont, be buried in Kpyplian dail<n<ss. \\'lii|i' a cabinit i:. In i'\i<iin " 
 
 and Its usefulness iialile lo \u> iuipnired, rfason and coiiitnoii sense piint out llie pnipiiety ol Keepiij;; jij proi I 
 
 iM«s sccfet. Unl after tlip caulnet no lonpcr exists, wlien its iHefnIness cannot lii^ impaired jiy a di-clusure <i( in 
 proceedliiKS, neillier reason, common senso, nor piilriotiBni. iciiuircs ibai those proceediiiKs ^liunld lie sliromii >l 1 1 
 impenetrable <larkness. The acis of siicii a rabiin t become liisloiy, and the nation has tln^ sunn' rl<;lii lo n l<iuiu 
 ledge of tlicm, that it lius to anv ntlicr liistorical fact. It i.s presumed Unit all nations have (iilerlained lliis ii|<i 
 liion and have acted upon it. Hence the secret history of cnl)inets, ilie most despotic iii l)nro|re. Hence the .'il-leiv 
 of the house of Stuart, by Charles James Fojt, which discJoscH llie most lecret intercmiisie between Churl, i 
 II., and the French Minister, by which it waH proved tliat ( harlus was a pi'nsioner of I.onis MV., Kmu it 
 France, and had secretly enttnged to ro-cstnhlish I'opeiy in Enpland. Yet in (lie (aic of all these fai ts, mui dun' 
 presume upon ilie iKiiorance of the dislinuuished person y<iu were addre-vinp, so far a-) to insinuate llial biuIi 
 disclosutcs liad never been iiindi.' in any cyuniry, but ceituinly not in this republic." 
 
 The S 
 means ta 
 
 Anothi 
 Timberla 
 son's bio 
 ladies of 
 years, all 
 Desha ha 
 favorite o 
 Ingham n 
 ren, beinj 
 her, an i 
 a differen 
 was not, 
 
 * Wu.\r 
 fidenee in tl 
 of high cha 
 chose, like 
 bribes, rathi 
 enjoy a moi 
 fldcnce in 
 spurned Jai 
 Mrs. Eaton 
 zens' wives 
 ii ; and I t 
 steward'^ to 
 their prejud 
 "Woodbury, 
 
 John lie 
 been a kwr 
 that year, ii 
 19 01- 20 ye; 
 months sine 
 have appro\ 
 Blnir, statin 
 and that 
 lileness. 
 any tim", n 
 it lo he the 
 the jilace — i 
 sficiety, but 
 Tiinberlaki 
 wns, whethi 
 in other woi 
 that censor,- 
 purity am 
 
 I have icf 
 other new.sp 
 ren. They 
 colleagip's, 
 will si.an I li 
 and bnseues 
 i\ th{\ inel 
 aii'/ry wife 
 II. 'at ihe c 
 veiigi^nnee, 
 A\o!ild be lei 
 who h.nd bei 
 ren's atrem 
 
 ■' Mr, Van I 
 adroitly iiv.iili 
 iliarHcler I'l 
 
 1 
 
CRETS. 
 
 npaign. Jackson 
 r his contiol, and 
 deadliest enemies 
 he could profess 
 ibly toward him, 
 red . 
 
 ho is filled with envy 
 petty f,'riefs, even in 
 igtoii ilcpublican in 
 raelrr, &c. He goc, 
 n, and that Calhoun's 
 gossip and fvvadril" ; 
 1\- tiiai ~Mv. Calhoun 
 ricttcrto Baleh, Hlh 
 ial election are genf- 
 I a visit last April, I 
 \vn.'' On turning to 
 the word with Van 
 :lon. When the Va:; 
 line Calhonn for vie.; 
 js. How lik'e to Ihr 
 le '• high minded;'' ,i 
 (It sit; for C!inton'^ 
 Ltisfiu'lioii. 
 s inn lily straiglit-t'"!- 
 
 on earth. He goc. 
 iigumenl^ — and alii i 
 ,-ate Irtlcr of Jftly ];t, 
 oiild have singled cut 
 Missdui'i, lip owed ^m 
 \' of measures, pub'i': 
 
 injured, if that wn^ 
 
 1 sh(juld bclilind i;-' 
 
 ,'n is that yon .should 
 
 e earel'ully conceal'': 
 
 nu'M of their honiii- 
 
 t(i s<icii'ty, and Van 
 nil, ,'ii a piiblii' diniii'r 
 lai driM'ii ^l|lluld sl"al 
 
 —he w ho rrfcnvd io 
 olding f'or.-ylh up \r 
 \\rv dniic liini. riiiii iii 
 ward. 
 
 and his confodcralc, 
 e hocn lemptcd to dn, 
 111 his favi.i iie eamli- 
 J. C Calhoun, i fiii'' 
 
 let, \i Midi you siiv i.; Ill" 
 Mr. r:illM)iiii ( llow ili.l 
 Ih' li^'lit ! llow were ih 
 il<il|ill IVuiii llio Stulu III 
 r iis.'.rilii.ii liu true, thi',-'' 
 I' II ciiliilirt i:. ill t'\islcn'i' 
 ty 1(1 kccpiiii,' its proir. il 
 icil hy a (liMiliwiiri.' ni lu 
 IKS hliiiiilil III' slii'diiili il I.I 
 Uio Kiinic ij^lit ID II kiiiiw- 
 1,'ivo ciilcrliiiiiotl lliis ii|ii 
 liiroj.o. Ilciici' Ihf lii-lmy 
 rcoiii'ji' Ijctwi'cii t'liiirl, i 
 r 1)1' l.diii.s MV., KiiiK I'l 
 lull llicsi' fiiitH, Vim dill'' 
 !)'< to liisinimie tliiit uiuli 
 
 THE WIDOW TIMBBRLAKE, Oil A WOMAN IN THE I'LOT. 
 
 109 
 
 The Seminole question was but the nominal one, on which they diftered — a 
 means taken to elt'ect a much desired end. 
 
 Another cause of strife was Mrs. Eaton. She had been the widow of Purser 
 Timberlake, of the Constitution ; and was married to Mv. J. il. Eaton, Jack- 
 son's biographer and war secretary, in 1829. While Airs. Timberlake, the 
 ladies of character, in Washington, had refused to associate with her for several 
 years, alleging that her conduct and reputation were too bad. General Robert 
 Desha had warned Eaton of all this before their marriage — and, as Eaton was a 
 favorite of Jackson's, and the families of Messrs. Calhoun, Branch, Berrien and 
 Ingham neither visited his wife nor invited her to their parlies, while Van Bu- 
 ren, being a widower, with no daughters, was unremitting in his attentions to 
 her, an effort was made to coerce Messrs. Branch, Ingham and Berrien into 
 a different course, coupled with a threat of removal from office, in case Mrs. E. 
 was not, by their families, placed on a more friendly footing.* In all this, the 
 
 * Wii.vr iNi-"i.iK\eK nil) Ma. and Miis. E.vton kxbiicisk ovku J.\e:\tinN ! I place much con- 
 fidence in the statements of Me.s.sr.'*. Branch, Berrien, and Ingham, because they were democrats 
 of high character, the choice of Jackson, in accordance with public .sentiment, and becan.se they 
 chose, like Duane, to retire from the olliees they held, and refuse other offices offered them as 
 bribes, rather than become the base in.strnments of Van Burcn, and through his influence to 
 enjoy a monopoly, cs it were, of the power and paironage of this great republic 1 place con- 
 lidcnee in tln'iii because, like Calhoun, they M'oiild descend to tiolhiug mean — because they 
 spurned Jackson's oli'.'r, lor such it was, on condii ion that iheir families would associate witii 
 Mrs. Eaton, the wite of Jackson's personal friend and war initii.stpr, a woman whom the citi- 
 zens' wives would neither receive nor visit, on account of her mode ol' life asthey had wilncs.sed 
 il ; and I confide in them, because they were acknowleilgea to have been good and faithful 
 stewards to the public, by Jaclcson, while not a whisper did even the brcnih of .slander utter to 
 their prejudi'-e. 1 wish "we could say as much of their well known successors, Kendall, Taney, 
 Woodbury, Van Bureii and Butler. 
 
 John lienry Eaton married the Widow Timberlake in January, I8'21>. I .suppo.se he had 
 been a long time a widower. Either General Maeomb or John Van Buren intnxlnced nn- 
 dial year, in the department of state, to Mr. Eat'jn's sons, one at least of wlioni must have been 
 19 or '20 y.\irs old. William B. Lewis, of Tennessee, v.hoin Piilk dismissed from office a few 
 m'.inths since, another personal friend of Jackson's, was Eaioa's brother-in-law, and ap[)eais to 
 have approved ol'ttiis second marriage. When the c;ibiiiel broke up, Ealon wrote a letter to 
 Blair, stating that soon after their marriage. Mr. and Airs. Calhoun called ;md left their card, 
 and that he and Mrs. Eaton returned the visit, and were, by Mrs. ('., rccei\ed with much po- 
 liieness. To this, a reply was made by Calhoun, that his wile, had never cilied on Mrs. E. at 
 any tini'', never left her card, nor aiithori/cd another to do .so lor her — that xMrs. C. conceived 
 il to be the duly of Mrs. E., if innocent, to open her i iit'jreour.se with flu; ladies who resided in 
 die place — thai " it was not, in fact, a (piestion of the e.xelusion of one already admitted into 
 society, but the admission of one already (\Keluded. Betim' the marriage, while she was Mrs. 
 Timberlake, she had not been admitted into the .society of Washingt'.m ; and the real (pie.stion 
 was, whether her marriage with Major Eaton should open the door already elo.scd on her; or, 
 in other words, whether olhcial rank and patn'.iav'e should, or shir.dii not, prnve p,irainount to 
 that censorship, which the .sc.v exercises over itsclt'; and on whieh, all mtisi ack-nowledge, the 
 purity and dignity of the female character mainly depend." 
 
 I have recently pmused with as much attention as 1 conk! give to them, the correspondence and 
 ulher newspaper si;iteinents concerning Jaekson, his secretaries, and Mrs. Eaton and Van Bu- 
 ren. Theyare full of gall and bitterness. The Heereiary of War^^Eat'.m) publicly adilrc.s.scshialate 
 colleagues, the great e.veinplnrs of the new worlil, thus: " These two men, iiighain anil Berrien, 
 will Stan 1 together in after time, and with honorable men, monuments of diijilicitv, ingratitude 
 and ba.sencss — traitors to th' ir friends, and destroyers of them.selve< — a meniorafile illu.stration 
 o;' the melancholy truth, that a man may smile and smile, and be a villain!" Betwhvt his 
 aii'^TV wife and ai-lfid monitor, Van Buren, poor Eaton must have been in a bad way. To re- 
 peal ihe charges of deceit, falschooil, hvpocri.sy, and other vices — ihe thieats of a.ssassiuation, 
 V'ligennee, eliasiisemeni, \-,e. — the challenges lo fighl duels or bear the brand of cowardice, 
 would be tedious — but a i\'\v extracts friMiithe narrativi' of (Jovernor Branch of , North Carolina, 
 wliii had been .laek.son's Secretary of the i\avy, may liclp us to ;i right cstimaie of V'an Bu- 
 reii's ageni'y in the atihir. 
 
 " Mr. Villi Biirnii, it iimst lie lioriie in iiiliid, [.siiy.s (!uv. Buiiu h.] wns n w lilmvcr \\ iilimil (Iiiicjlittis ; mid lie 
 iuliolliy iivnilcil liliii:;t'll' 111 lilt his privilcjies lis sui'h. Ills ultuiilioiij to Mn. Ivitim vmiv of tlio iiwHt innrkKil 
 iliarai'tor I'olilc »ml its'idiious on all occasions, ho waa piirticularly .%o in the ine^cniL' ol lion. Jiickaon or 
 
 ■ 
 '■ii,' 
 
 .-./<' 
 
 ^. 
 
 .i-,- 
 
 .r;.c 
 
 '- fit 
 
 it 
 
 ' 'M 
 
no 
 
 A FOX CHASE 
 
 BY BRANCH, WEBB, AND SPEIGHT. 
 
 If f^- 
 
 
 r-.: 
 
 i- 
 
 
 point aimed at, both by Van Buren and Jackson, was to get rid of Calhoun's 
 triendi$, and to till iheir places with more pliable politicians. On the 7th of 
 April, ]b3I, Eaton resigned the War Department. Van Buren gave up the 
 Department of State on the 11th, and Jackson wrote him after tliis manner : — 
 " 'I'd say that I deeply regret to lose you is but feebly to express luy feehngs." 
 Ingham was sent for next — the two resignations shown him by the President, 
 and a wish expressed that he would go out. The Russian Mission was offer- 
 ed as usual, which he indignantly refused, but resigned forthwith, giving, as his 
 
 Maj. Eaton. IIU influence, in every variety nf fi)nn, both official and unofficial, was exerted to make it api)n- 
 reut Cu those gentlemen thut he entered deeply into their feelings ; not, in luct, that he cured unythlni; nlmut 
 them; but he loresnw the power to bo iicquired liy pursiiinK such a course, and hiid no scruples toresiniin him. 
 At length, Uen. .liicl;son, alter the meelini; of Congress in IJeceniber, ISiO, linding the ladies of Washington to 
 lie in>|)ractic!ilile, determined thut tiie thniilies of his Cabinet should suliniit to terms or lie dismissed. * * * 
 Congress was in session ; tlie ladies of the members from Tennessee, even, held no intercourse with Mrs. Ea- 
 ton ; nor, in fact, tlie President's own family. The friends of the administration became aliimied, lest the ex- 
 erci.se of suchdcs)Kiii(; power should o\'erwiielm them all, and warded otf the impending blow. The situation 
 of Mr.i. Eaton, however, engrossed the President's whole soul, and he continued to b3 much occupied incut 
 lecting eertlticates, principally from olhco seekers, to sustain her. This book of certiticaies, for a folio did it 
 soon becoAie, was that on vvldch otiicc seeker.-s first qualitied for office. In the meantime, Mr. Van Buren, wbu 
 had artfully contributed to intiame (he President's mind, doubtless, in part, inducing him to believe that Mr». 
 Calhoun's refu.sat to return Mrs. Eaioii's card in I'ebruary, IHCi), had intluunced tlie families of the Cabinet to 
 pursue the course they had adopted towards her, finding him wrought up to the mad fury of a ' roaring lion.' 
 to use Col. Jolinson's description, tliiiuf.'lit it a good time to uncage and turn liim loose on his most liirmidable 
 rival, Mr. Calhoun, who was then Vicii President, and participated with him in the renown which he (Van 
 Buren) attached to service under such a c^ .ef The manner in which the unfriendly corresponilence coin- 
 nienced between (ieii. Jackson and Mr. Callioiii), taken in connection with the time, is sufficient to convince 
 any intelligent mind that it was instigated liy Van Buren. I e.veried every nerve to defeat his purpose. Vt'Un 
 have I entreated General Jackson to avoid u rupture witii Mr. Calhoun, as no good could result frnm such h 
 quarrel. His iillegation against Mr. Calhoun wasu mere pretext ; you see him now in sweet communion wiili 
 those who, in ICI'J, were his most bitter assailants. By this time, 1 well understood the character of Mr. Van 
 Buren. With him, I found that the end justified '.lie means ; and, as the destruction of Mr. Calhoun was tlic 
 object nearest his heart, he was very willing the old Chief, for wliom he professed so much love and veneration, 
 should accomplish this work for him at any and every hazard toliimself. 1 believed then that Mr. Van Buren 
 placed too low an estimate on the virtue, patrioti.iiii and intelliiieiice of the American people, and that his reli- 
 ance on General Jackson to accomplish his purpuses would prove delusive. * * * His skirts hive proved 
 strong enough to bear Mr. Van Buren into the Vice Presidency, and recent indications have induced meld 
 liear that the country is sutBciently corrupt to enable him, through the patronage of the Covernmeni, to reach 
 the great objeut of h's ambition. It does surpass all belief that the cool, dispassionate and unprincipled wire- 
 worker in this plot ^liiuld, by such means, render himself acceptable to u free, generous, patriotic, and enlight. 
 ened [leoplc." 
 
 One thing miust be said here, in favor of Jackson, but it tells ^^o much the worse for Vnii 
 Buren. His party h;id basely slandered Mrs. Jackson during; the canvr.ss of IS'U ; Jackson 
 was tenderly attached to her ; she had pione to her grave, just belore he lelt Tennessee to assiuin' 
 the duties oV President ; and there were those who wounded his feelings by telling him that the 
 conduct pursued towards his Tennes.>:ee f'iend's wile, was one way of instilling himself. Jack- 
 son had not Ibrgotten the Benton pamphlets. On the yth of May, Ib3l, Jesse Speight, M. C, 
 who atlerwartls aiiliered to Van buren, thus aiklressed Governor Branch : 
 
 "STANToNni'Ro, May 9, 18.tl, 
 
 "Mv DKAR KRiiEND : — Yours of the 4th inst., has this moment come to hand. I am not mistaken :n the opinion 
 I had fiirnied as to the cause of tiie lilow out at Wasliington (,as we call it liere.) It is i-iipossible for me to ex- 
 press the deep and lieartlelt niortitication I have and continue to feel for the honor of my country. I too, sir. 
 am disapiMiintrd. Never did 1 bidirve that iho high-minded chivalrous Indeputidence of Andrew Jackson coiiUI 
 be made to bow at tlie shrine of siltish ambition. Ah ! and so as to forsake old long tried tiiends at the poll.<, 
 and niovrd by the deccitltil artilices of such men as Martin Van Buren, and seduced by the instigation of Mrs. 
 Eaion. So f;ir as I have understood, the leclings of your friends are with you. * ♦ » God liless you. 
 
 "J. SPEIGHT." 
 
 Col. James Wat.son Webb was, as the reader will perceive by reference to his letter and card, 
 pages 231 and 23"2, so friendly to Van Buren, that he was ready to tight any number of d'lels tu 
 his honor and glory. Having since, like me, cooled down a little, he tells his reatlers, through 
 ihe Courier & Emjuirer of July 7, 1837, that Van Buren became Jackson's favorite "by his 
 lose sycophancy and nnserupuious truckling to the mandates of his master" — that, to worm him- 
 self into Jackson's favor, he gave a grand entertainment, to which ail the families ol distinctiuii 
 were invited — that " at the apiHiinted time, the doors of the supper-room were thrown u\k\\, lb' 
 music .struck up. and Martin Van Bin-en led to the head of his table, and sealed upon his rigiii 
 hand, the lady whom General Jack.'^on had commanded to be r'.'ceiveJ," but whom the rest ul 
 the cabinet objected U) counienance. 
 
 As early as iNov. 'Jl, IH'iH, the National Advocate, N. Y., notices the singular fact, that " ini- 
 mediatelv alter the comliined powers have eltccted the .security of Jackson's election, the forces 
 of Van Ijurcn and CJallioun shu'ild a.'^sume a ho.'-tile attitude towards each other." Van Buren 
 and his Ibllou ers, well knowing Jacksoivs pledge not to be re-elected, were the first to iiominatft 
 him for a .second term — they saw he wished it and that it would throw him more and more 
 into Van Biiren'.s pjwer. How lew King*, Popes, and Presidents we lind who willingly lay 
 
 reason, Jacl 
 testimony t( 
 tisSed" will 
 faithful, did 
 was thereto 
 he asked to 
 vice, but y( 
 not to be nn 
 have told it 
 part with V 
 to London, 
 of March, i 
 parts porfec 
 Tliat sair 
 left for Eng 
 he liked tli 
 tion as mini 
 iiury, 1832, 
 
 ilown power ! 
 i,'iv(; us a nali 
 lion, and jiosit 
 term principle 
 ilie very dre,i. 
 oiisjht to be J" 
 spirit. He ni 
 would be, Hoi 
 took. He le;i 
 parties in this 
 ilif liarue.'is o, 
 iliu 11,'iil that i 
 liaps I was mi 
 ilio otlice he hi 
 |kwtage bill, m 
 
 * WlIV WAf 
 
 heard of his 
 authority, '• h 
 liie Court of S 
 litT, where Soi 
 and Butler, ca 
 a state i.'onven 
 Edmunds, A. 
 address Gener 
 the quesiion oi 
 and lliat his 
 ability and int 
 lit'', iii'twoen h 
 lieen the frient 
 '■onseni." 
 
 In fc'enate, 1^ 
 tierogatory to 1 
 Abenlcn thai 
 iMiey (d'llu; ]ia 
 Ills country an 
 lions commissi 
 who were defe 
 liivor, as a pri 
 Adams' time- 
 he, Mr. Van I 
 of the Foni-'KiTi 
 would be unjii: 
 that adininistri 
 
 On tiie mat 
 
HT. 
 
 rid of Calhoun's 
 IS. On ihe 7th of 
 iren gave up the 
 r this manner : — 
 ress my feelings." 
 by the President, 
 IissioN was ofTer- 
 ath, giving, as his 
 
 xerted to make it api)ii. 
 e cared tinythlng atumt 
 ) scruples toresiriiin him. 
 ladies of Wnshiiiylnn to 
 r he dismissed. * * ♦ 
 itercoursc with Mrs. Gh- 
 ■lie Hliiniied, lest the ex- 
 ing bluw. The situation 
 13 much uccupied in col 
 'titlctues, lor a I'olio did it 
 me, Mr. Van Buren, who 
 liiM tu believe that Mr». 
 Millies of the Cabinet tn 
 
 I fury of !i ' roaring lion.' 
 ;e on his must Dirmidahle 
 renown which he iVaii 
 ily correspondence com- 
 is sufficient to convince 
 ifeat his purpose. Uftcn 
 :ouid result trom such n 
 
 II sweet communion wiili 
 lie character of Mr. Van 
 id' Mr. Calhoun was the 
 
 luch love and veneration, 
 then that Mr. Van Buren 
 people, and that his reli- 
 
 His skirts hfve proved 
 ins have induced me lii 
 ,he (jovernment, to reacti 
 
 uiid unprincipled wire- 
 us, patriotic, and enligtit. 
 
 h the wnrsc for Vnii 
 f'.ss of 18'.i4 ; Jackson 
 ; Tennessee to .issiuin' 
 )y telling him that the 
 lilting himHolf. Jaok- 
 Jes!<e iSpeight, M. C, 
 
 roNnrRu, May 9, IS-"?!. 
 iitmisl;iken in the opinion 
 i.'iipiissilile for me to ex- 
 
 my ciiunlry. I too, sir, 
 of Andrew .lackson could 
 tried Iriends ul the poll.s, 
 y the instigation of Mrs. 
 Olid bless you. 
 "J. SI'LltiHT." 
 t; to his letter and card, 
 iiy nuinlx^rord-ielsto 
 
 his readers, through 
 )ii's favorite " by his 
 " — Ihat, to worm hini- 
 tamilies of distinction 
 
 ere thrown iqxn, tin- 
 seated upon his rijjlii 
 lilt whom tlie re.H ul' 
 
 iiETular fact, that " iin- 
 ii's election, the force's 
 I otlici." Van Buren 
 e ilic lirst to nominate 
 him more and more 
 id who willingly lay 
 
 JACKbON — TYLEU — VAN BUUEN's UEJKCriON, 1832. 
 
 Ill 
 
 ryasou, Jackson's wishes that he should do so. Jackson replied to his note, bore 
 testimony to his " integrity and zeal," and declared that he had been " fully sa- 
 tisHed" with his conduct. This was not the truth. If the ollicer was true and 
 faithful, did he merit, as a reward, to be turned rudely out of place, or what 
 was thereto equivalent ^ If he had said to the three cabinet miflisters, whom 
 he asked to go away, *' You are faithful, capable and zealous in the public ser- 
 vice, but you are also fond of Calhoun, whom Van Buren has made me believe 
 not to be my friend ; this is your oll'ence, and it is unpardonable ;" he would 
 have told more of the truth in that matter. How could he deeply reuret to 
 part with Van Buren as an ofricer, when he had already resolved to send him 
 to London, and give McLane Ingham's place! Congress l>ruke up on the 3d 
 of March, and by the 7th of next month, the actors in the cabinet plot had their 
 parts perfectly prepared. 
 
 That same year, Louis McLane took charge of the Treasury, and Van Buren 
 left for England as the new envoy. His letter to Hoyt, page 2:29, shows that 
 he liked the British capital, all hut the expense of living in it. His nomina- 
 tion as minister was sent to the Senate in December ; and, on the 25th of Jan- 
 uary, 1832, by a vote of 23 against 23, and the casting voice of *Calhoun, 
 
 down power! 1 think John Tvler was honest and meant to do right, and I am glad he did not 
 s;ive us a naliuiia! bank, fur 1 think we may do belter — but he ought to have ileclined a re-elec- 
 lion. and positively diu'iured ihal he would not he a candidate. VVhy did he advocate the one 
 lorin jirinoiple, and atierwards, like Jackson, decline to lay down the cup till he had drank to 
 ilie very dregs! I am not sure that his conduct in asking his cabinet officers, whether he 
 ought to be a candidate fur a second term, was the surest evidence of a great sfjul or a lolly 
 spirit, tie must have known, when he asked his cabinet, What shall I do ] that the answer 
 would be. Hold ihe reins as long as po.-^sible. One goi.d to hiui resulted from the course he 
 look, fie learnt what a hollow, deceitful tribe, eourticrs are. There are, in reality, but two 
 parties in this republic ; and it woidd have been glorious, indeed, if the jieople harl shaken oil' 
 ilie haincss of demagogues, and constituted a party for the country and for literty. 1 once 
 tin- ight that it was Mr. Tyier"s ambhioii to rise upon the ruins of prostrate .selfishness. Per- 
 li;i()s 1 was mi.staken. When he lell Washinj,'lon, iiis succssor seemed wanting in res^)ecl to 
 iho otlice he hail held. INo matter. It taught iiim a Ics.-^on. I honor him for signing tlie cheap 
 po.'jtage bill, malgie all southern opposition. 
 
 * Wiiv WAS V.w HiwKN liKjRi TKi) I'.v I'lii; Sknai'k? When the Van Ijiiien party at Albany 
 heard of his rejeclion as minister lo Loniion, where, as J))' tlnllaiid tells us, on the best 
 authority, '■ he arrived in Scptendi,'!-. 1H31, and was reeeived, with di.-'linguisheii lavor, bv 
 ihe Court of iSt. James," ihe legislatius frieiully to him met at Ali)any, in the Assembly t'haiii- 
 lier, where Senato:' Kemble. wiiose subsequent adventures will be found in my Lives of Hoyt 
 and Butler, came forward with a series ol' resolutions for a national rnnvention at Baltimore, 
 a state convention at Albany, &c., and tlu; meeting also appuiiUcii I.evi Beaidsley, John W. 
 Edmonds, JN. P. Talmadge, C L. Livingston, W. H. Angel, and others, a committee to 
 address General Jackson ; who, in his reply, took occasion to say to them that Van Buren, on 
 the quesiion ot' trade, res|)eeling which he had been blamed, hud .'icici! under his directions, 
 and that his coirducl had his approbation — that he held him in high esteem as a man ol 
 ability and integrity — that, as far as he (Jackson) knew, he had taken no part in thi^ liiiiicul- 
 lies heiween him (Jaeksoii) and Calhoim. nor advised liie dissolution of iiis fust eabinel, but 
 been the friend of harmony — and that, wlifu asked to go to Lundon, lie " yitdueJ a ivluctani 
 '■ouscnl." 
 
 In fclenate, .Mr. Webster thought Van Huien's instructions to McLane. of v'.ith of July, 1H"J!), 
 lieiogntory to ihe national character, and showed a disposition in the writer to pcrsuude Lord 
 Abenlcn that the English government had an interest in maintaining in the L\ S. the ascend- 
 eiiey of tlu; jiarty to wliiidi he(V. 15.) belonged; thus establishing abroad a distinction beiween 
 Ids country and his party. Mr. Fi'elinghuysen took a similar view. Van Ijiiren's instruc- 
 lioiis comuMssioncd Mcl/uie lo apprise the iiritish f'oiirt of who triumphed last election, and 
 who were defealed — to pul his party in the right and his (.•ountry in the wrong — to seek as a 
 liivor, as a privileiri! to the party now tlominani, what had been refusi'd as a right in Mr 
 Adams' limr- — and to si.'paiale the administration of the country from 1 lie eouniry, for, said 
 he, Mr. Van Buren argues that "to set up the acts of the lath Aij.MiMSTn.'rioN, as the cause 
 of the Koiu'KiTLKK OF I'll! viLKUK.s whicli would otlicrwisc be extended to the pcujile of the U. S., 
 would be unjust." Ix'cause we. the new men in ollice, took sides with England, and opposed 
 that admini.stration. This is very humiliating indeed. 
 
 On the mailer of cdMiiial liade, Adams and Clay, when in jiower, had agitated in cvo'j' 
 
 ■■yi 
 
 
 
 
 U- 
 
 '^y^i 
 
 f 
 
I ■ 
 
 112 
 
 VAN BUREN, THE TARIFF, AND PROSCRIPTION .H POLITICS. 
 
 ^^♦•; 
 
 ^■■■} ' .■ *. 
 
 
 
 i- 
 
 M- 
 
 " New York's favorite son" was permitted to exchange the classic banks of ihe 
 Thames, and the smiles of royalty in tho old world, for liis rural residence ;r. 
 
 iblc 
 
 the 
 
 I of the ; 
 
 , Lnwrciicc. They assci 
 
 question of the free navig; 
 England, by her colonial trade act, Wiiutud to monopolize 
 rican pruducc, which is very bulky, to the Hritisli \V'c.-t lIluic^, aim nvsoueil with hci on u 
 unfairness of high discriminating or jirotectiug duties. Jncksdii and Van Buren abandoin 
 the free use of the. St. Lawrence and tlie carrying trade, and r)l)taiiied a reduction of duties i; 
 articles sent throngii Canada — ihey declaiing that if the tanner linmd a new or inipiuw 
 market at his own door, itmattereit little lo Jinn where his produce went to. 1 imist own tii; 
 Van Bmen's coiiduci in this trade question do(,'s not appear to me to be deserving of ceiiMi: 
 in ils(.//- — and as the inslvuctions were by the Presicleiil, andhad been before Congress i; 
 many months — as the terms agreed to bylLonl Aberdeen and Louis AlcLane, in 18"2!>, 1 iliji;, 
 had been accepted by this country, and the trade opened undi r a legislative enuctnieiii, 
 seems to me that ir was too late to censure, in 1H3'J, language which iiad been parsed ov^ 
 without remark 18 months belore. The cringing, apukigelje tone of tlie instruction.s tells wi 
 the real autiior was; and ccjiitrasis strangely witJi the bold aiid haughty deiiancc given to i.i 
 eient, friendly, warm-hearted Franei', on another memorable occasion, liom the same qiiuv 
 — but I do tliink the arrangement made was advaniageous to the U.'6. iSoon alter thi:~. ; 
 moved in the Canada Assembly for the appoiutuient of a Committee on Trade ; and, ui; 
 some si.v weeks of inquiries, 1 drew up the report, ^\•hieh tli(; legislature printed in the Ibnii 
 a painjihletofa hundred pages. Here is an extract : "England claims an exclusive inonopi 
 in our markets; she allows us none in lieis. Our beef and pork are jirohibiteil in her Imi 
 dominions, and our pot and pearl-ashes subjected to the same rates of duty at Liveniool ns i 
 pol aiid pearl-ashes of the .-outlierii shores of Ontario and Lii' . The shipping of Britain 
 U,ueb.'(; give no jireferenee to timber, live slock, (lour, beet, and pork, brongut from I'jij 
 Canada, over similar articles biduglit Ifom the United "-tales. The monoj-.oly is ;;ll in t; v 
 of England and the Uiiited Stales, the Congress of wliich latter country, by an aei pa.-M'U 
 July, li<o'2, subjects our wheat, wlieat llour, beef ami poric, ashes, ;nid other ^taple^■., to an i: 
 post lax of £\b on e\ery £l()t) value.'' In all this iIktc was not much of reciprocity — Inu 
 do noi see how comjilaiiit eoukl be made at Washington of an airangcmeni which e.xelu ■ 
 ("anada from the ports of the United Slates, and opened those of Camidaand the West iiKii 
 to 111!' farmers ol this Union. In every conversation 1 had, when in England, with Li: 
 Goderich, who introduced Ihe corn bill into parliament, and with Lord Sydenham, V. P. ri i: 
 Board of Trade, in 1832-33, 1 eoinplaiiied grievously of llie liberality shown to the U. S. ! 
 Ihe benelit of English shipping, while no care had been taken to obtain the like favois : 
 (^aiuula here. The late drawback act is an aiiiendmeut, how e\er, and there are many i 
 provemeiiis on both sides — but 1 ha\e projioseil to myself to avoid saying much uii tarilf (,u 
 lions. There is not room here. 
 
 A chaise made against Van Buren, that he was the parent of the proseriplive system, wlir 
 Clay and Adams iiad disdained to resort lo, would have been al'ly sustained, had the Sena > 
 who made it had, in addition to the facts in tlii'ir possession, the ( usloni House rubbish kli 
 deposit, or to be swept out, when Jesse Hiyt ceased lo be hrst k)i(l of the Van Buren Ikjim 
 here. Senator Ftwt, of Conneetieut, said, "1 sinceri'ly lielievi' lliat (Jen. Jackson came to ii 
 place fully (k'teiinined to remove no man from oliiee, but lin- good cause of removal. 1;,, 
 tiilly convinced the whole ' si/s/cm of iini,srrijit,i(.n' owes its existence to Martin Van Bim 
 That the dissolution of th" Cabinet was ellceled by his management and Ibr his bencht ! ;ii 
 that the haml of the late Secrelaiy of State may be traced dislinctiy in another alliiir, which !. 
 produced an alieiialion between Ihe first ai"' -econd Oliiceis of the Cioveinment; and ahu 
 reliifion to the pieseni ' imj)ro\"e(l coiuiiliou of the public press^' iuid the great abuse oil 
 jiatronagc of the (-ioverniiieni !'' 
 
 On 'i'uesday, Jan. 31, Tammany Hall met to siisinin Van Ihiren, and the eommittec 
 resolves (.'onsisted vt W. Bow lie. James ( 'amjibell [see pai;es l!'3, •JiC, vVc.J, Saul Ailev. ' 
 W. Lawrence, W. P, llalleii, Preserved Fi:-!), Win. M. Price. F. 1!. Ciiltmg [see pages' ir 
 bSi». IH'JJ, Gideon Lee, Eli.sha 'I'ibbdts, ivc. They gkirilied JacKs.in ai;d\'an Buren, cen.-Mi 
 the Senate as intriguers, and read John C. Calhoun out of the deiuoeraiic I'arty by due pine 
 ot' political e.xcommnnication. 
 
 Among the v!3 rejecting votes in the Senate, 1 notice Holmes oi' Maine, Clay, Vv'ebster, t^c. 
 moiir of Vt., Frelinghuysen, Clayton, H. Y, Hayne Gabriel Mooie, 'Ihonitis Ewing, ami i 
 Riiggles. Among the '23 alHrming voles were l.'-aac Hill, l-'elix Grundy, JJudley and Man 
 G. M. Dallas and W. Wilkins, his brother-in-law, Benton, Tyler, Powiiattaii Eilis, and Kii. 
 now at Paris. 1 have seen a lab'.e showing that the Slates V(itim<- in (avor of Van Buren h. 
 a population ot'ti,(il)r»,,')71, and those opposed onlv 3.r)!ll(,()IJt), yet titi' majoiily was one again 
 }snllifieatii)n came next, tli(!n the p't banks, the sub-treasury tbilowed. On JN'ew Yeai'sdi' 
 184!1, Clav and Calhoun attended President V.'ui Buren's levc'e ; and in ]S\i\cmber next, Son 
 Carolina, with con.^i nt ui ( 'alboiui, McDuIhe, Pickens and Hheu, iK'noied with liei \yt' , lot i 
 «econd term, the rejected miniate)- ol IH30. 
 
POLITICS. 
 
 classic banks of the 
 i rural residenci w. 
 
 cc. They asscrteu ili:. 
 uryiug trade lor Aii.- 
 iifsonecl with hi'i on u 
 Van Buren abandoin, 
 I roduction of duties i; 
 id a new or iuipruv. 
 nt to. 1 imibl uwii tii; 
 .• deserving ol' cciimi; 
 en hct'orc Congress i; 
 -•Lane, in 18-2'J, 1 iliii:;, 
 :gii?iative enaclnieiii, 
 had been passed o>. 
 le instructions tells \v: 
 y (leliancc giv'en to i.i 
 , lioiu the same qiiur: 
 J. rf. Soon alter thi>. 
 .e on Trade : and, ai 
 e piinted in the lonn 
 ;an exuhisive nionopi 
 juohibitcd in her hoi 
 iluty at Liveijiuiii ns i 
 siiipping ol' Britain 
 I'iv, bi'ongni Iroiu l']i] 
 luunoiHJly is ;;ll in t; v 
 try, by aii aei pas; nt . 
 1 other staph';'', lo an i: 
 R'h of reciprocity — inn 
 genienl which exclu'' 
 aia and the West linii 
 in England, -with L 
 Sydenham, V. P. ri i 
 shown to the U. hf. \ 
 ibtain the like lavors ; 
 id there are many i 
 ng much on tarill' (,ir 
 
 )seriptivc sysunn, wlii' 
 laincd, had ihi; 8ena > 
 11 House rubbish leli 
 the Van Biiicn Iithm' 
 
 n. Jackson came to ii 
 ausc of removal. 1 ;. 
 
 lo rslai'tin Van Bun 
 and lor ids bcnehl ! ;■ 
 iKither aliiiir, which i. 
 jvei nmi'iil ; and al.-o 
 
 the gieat abuse ol '.. 
 
 , and the committee 
 ;ii;j, \c.J, f'iaul Alley. ' 
 Cnlting [see [lagcs IV 
 
 lid Van BiU'en, ccu^mI 
 itic party by due y.vnc 
 
 lie, Clay, VVebster, !Sf} 
 Ihonias Ewing, and i 
 dy, JJudley and IVlitn 
 iiattaii Eilis, and Kii- 
 ivor ol' Van Burin 1: 
 itijo! ity was oae ag.iin 
 Cn iVew Yeai 's di' 
 n NoNcmber next, Suii 
 died With lici \ot'-, l(ji:i 
 
 VAN BUREN AS VICE PRESIDENT. HIS CAREER. 
 
 113 
 
 Kinderhook, in the lovely valley of the Hudson, near the base of the Catskill ; 
 and relieved, for a brief season, from the cares of public life. He left England 
 for France in March, made a hasty tour over the continent, and embarked, on 
 the 10th of May, at Havre, for ^ :w York. 
 
 Early in 1S33, he came ajjain into jossession of power as Vice President of 
 the Union ; as President of the Senate, which had refused to place confidence in 
 him a twelvemonth before ; and as the successor of Calhoun, whose casting 
 voice had ensured his rejection. Had Van Buren been a truly great and good 
 man, his triumphs would have been a pleasant theme for the historian to dwell 
 upon ; but, as they were obtained, like Butler's, by deceit and hypocrisy, by 
 seeming to be the man he was not, and by the "judicious puffs" of artful fol- 
 lowers, interested in his fortunes by personal ties, they are a source of regret. 
 Blair's press, a donation froin Van Buren's financial confederates in New York, 
 did him good service — as did the trusty types of his ancient advocate, the editor 
 of the Argus. Jealousies, bickerings, and some lack of tact among his oppo- 
 nents, the cry of persecution, and the fact, well known to " waiters on Provi- 
 dence," that Jackson's popularity was at his back, did the rest. That the agi- 
 tation of the colonial trade question at the time of his rejection, and the speeches 
 of General Samuel Smith on that home topic, did him no injury, 1 am well per- 
 suaded. He took his seat at the head of the Senate, for the first time, on the 
 leth of December, 1833. 
 
 CHAPTER XXV 
 
 "Gold, still gold—it flew like dust ! it tipp'd the post-boy, and paid the trust; 
 In each open palm it was tieely thrust ; there was nothing but giving and taking! 
 And if gold could insure the future hour, what hopes attended that Bride to her bower; 
 But alas! even hearts with a four-horse power of opulence, end in breaking.'' 
 
 Removal of the Deposits in 1833. — Banli of the Metropolis. — Rout, Jackson^ and 
 Van Bnixn.) on the Pets. — -V. Riddle. — Iiujcrsoll on Charters and !Slavery. — 
 Col. Dunne. — IK ./. Dnanc. — Polk and Laterence. — Kendall in Kentucky. — 
 His treatment of IT. Claij. — Kendall and the Bank, Tariff, Mackenzie, 6fc. — 
 Duane opposes the Pet Bank Conspirunj. — His reasons. — Louis JVIcLane''s 
 views. — Silas JFriyht and the Bank. — Calhoun\'i Prophetic Address in 1834. 
 — Land Speculations. — The Globe. — Jackson, Duane, and the Mission to Si- 
 beria. — Chief Justice Taney, — Wonderful effects of Flattery. — Bennett upon 
 Kendall. 
 
 I HAVE shown, that, in 18'24, Van Buren, his presses, and his partisans, were 
 among the most thoroughgoing advocates of the United States Bank, and of the 
 Presidential candidate who had been its most consistent, zealous, and uniform 
 advocate — that, in 1826, Van Buren, jNIarcy, and Butler, admitte(l that it had a 
 right to establish branches in the states, and that they petitioned Nicholas Bid- 
 die and his brother directors for a branch at Albany — that Van Buren was 
 friendly to Adams and Clay's administration in the first instance, and that the 
 presses in his interest had abused Jackson in harsher terms than even Ritchie 
 used — that he was coiu)ected with tho most corrupt and infamous banks and 
 bankers in the Slate of New York, the opponent of inquiry into their miscon- 
 duct, and the advocate of new charters without check or responsibility — tliat 
 the Albany Argus was his official organ — and that when the swindling establish- 
 ments of previous years had pillaged the people of millions, and no two-thirds 
 majority could be found to rechartcr the Mechanics and Farmers', and other 
 
 

 114 
 
 VAN BUREN, WRIGHT, AND THE BANKRUPT PETS. 
 
 favorite banks of his, in 1826, '27, and '28, he put forward his Safety Fund 
 nostrum, and went for banks by the score, in January, lb29. 1 have also 
 shown what that fund was and how it operated. 
 
 The authtnlic secret correspondence, which providence has thrown in my 
 way, will help the historian not a little in his etli:>itii to discover the motives 
 which influenced V^an Buren* and his confederates to t.amper with the currency, 
 as they did, from 1829 to 1841. The letters of C. W. Lawrence, C. C. Cam- 
 breleng, S. Wright, B. F. Butler, R. H. Nevins, John Van Buren, Joseph Ker- 
 nochan, \V. L. Marcy, E. and C. L. Livingston, F. B. Cutting, S. Swartwout, 
 E. Croswell, A. C. Flagg, Thad. Phelps, Stephen Allen, and T. W. Olcott, 
 . when compared with certain focts and circumstances previously made public, 
 too clearly prove that the war against the U. S. Bank, the detestable scheme 
 of the pel banks, with the bribery, fraud, bankruptcy, and other accumulated 
 miseries inflicted on the public through the derangement of business, had their 
 origin at Albany. JackHon, though cunning himself, was but the ready instru- 
 ment of still more artful men. Lady Hester Stanhope tells, that when I'ilt was 
 " ! . premier, large sums, hundreds of thousands of pounds, were oli'ered to hiuj iu 
 
 * presents, by men deeply engaged in commerce, speculation, b.udving, &c., 
 
 doubtless with the hope that he would favor their interests. In the absence ot 
 ;-,;■■;"• .. proof tu the contrary, we may venture to assume thai buektail virtue, like 
 [', •»• ' ' Eniilish pride, would have spurned all such J'otonidii temptations. 
 I '' ■- Tiu- United States ikink had paid 'jsl,."iOO,n{)0 for the use of the public 
 
 ' money, during the continuance of its charter;]" the Senreme Court of the Union 
 
 * In Villi nurt'ii's iiiessnRe to Congress, Dec ri, 184tt, he says : 
 
 ; • " WMi'n I rntt'rcd ii|)ii,i the di^cli.ircr of my oirici:il iliitirs in Miircli, l-\iT. tln^ 'm. I lor llii' liislrilmtinu nf the 
 
 i ' '•iir|i|iis roveniu' w.is in ;i cnnrso di' riipiil rMTUlion. Nearly tuonlyriL'iit ii'illiiHis ul ilnlliir.- ul' llie pulilir 
 
 i.ii'nt'y- were, in piir«ii;inrR nf its pr(>vi^iolls, (l('p(l^sit^'ll \\\t\\ the ^t;ll(■^ in th>' iitimth-. uf .litimiry, April, mid 
 ' ; .Inly, ■ f ihie yeiir. Q:y In Mhv there ncturruci ii iicntTil »u<pr'ii>ii>ii ol sppi-io piiyniii.ts liy ilit- I unk^, Inclinllnt,', 
 
 i^'f" « illi very lew exceptions, tlio-c in wliii h llie piiliiir inonoys wire depo iiicl.jind upiiii wlicsr (idiriity t'.e (lov- 
 ■J'Ci'' eminent had nnl'orninnlcly nnde itself dependem lor llie reveiiiies whicli had htLii (01101:10(1 rri.nithc people, 
 and were iiidispens»ble lo the pr.lilie, spr\ ice. 'I'his Mi-pen<ion. and thi' exicsi-i in iKinkin'^ and r. iinneri'e mit 
 of which it ar<pse, and wtiicli wire (ireally auLTav ited hy it>; oi .arreni'i'. inade, io ;i ureal I'Vlent. Mn.iviiilalile 
 tin; pniicipiil pan of the pulilie money then on haad; sn^pended the eidlerilon oi many iiiillionN acrrning on 
 niercliiints' bonds ; and iireally reduced llie reveiuio ari-ini^ from cu^iiiiii .and liie piildic Innd^." 
 
 " The Treasury has it in its power to exert a sMiiiltrj- inlliienci'. lirst over 'he deposit liank-. which will al- 
 ways 1)0 selected Ironi 'lie principal Hanks in the stales, and Ihronijti Ihcni, oxer ihe residue. WhiK' \cr clit.-k 
 was exercised liv Ihe tJnitid Siaies Hank on llie issues of the ^: iie lianks, was don"' ; iilier 'ly refiisir'S to take 
 their notes in liejiosit. or if taken, hy reuiriiiiii? llietn ii'iiekly for specie, if it lielieved iheir issues to ho execs 
 sive. 'J'he deposit lianUs have a rij:ht to do the same liiiiii.', and are in the hahit of exc/cis ni; it, wlun, in 
 their opinions, an oci-i>ioii liir its exercise exists. Over the deposit hanks :lii niselvrs, ilie .'•'i creiary of Ihe 
 'J'reasiiry h.is liheral sujiervisory powers, lie may in his discrelion direcl, as lieioro r.'iivirked, an Increase of 
 th'ir specie, when il appe.irs hy tlie relnrris which tlii'y are oliliic'cl lo make lo him at short intiTvals, tli.ti ,hi ir 
 issnes arc liiriie and dispropnriionate to ilieir specie on hanil ; and a constant and preat check is exircistal over 
 llieni hy ihu actii.il piililic knowledge of their rondilinn olitained thron;;h iheii- report^, and the resiukir piildi 
 cation of them."— /-'i7« Ili(rfii'i< I.iinrlo Sherrod lyi/Ziam.'. . lu^u.it t', HJii. 
 
 In his tiiessiiic of \H\V.i. Jackson told Coii^'ress, that '• tiie State Hanks selected are ail In.-.iiu;iions tif hiiiii 
 i • y. ; ■ character and iindonhled sirenLth, and are under tlic iiiaiKii;emeiit and cun'm' of mrn uf uiiiiuiiilcnnU prubitii 
 
 andiHlcUifrrnr.e." In his messns;c 'if It^Hi, he said that " a nmiilur of the Ueixisit Hanks hav<, with ,-i torn- 
 iiiendahle zeal to .lid in the improvnicni of the currency, imported from al;niad at Ihcir own expense, larijc 
 sums of the precious metals for oiiiaiie and circulation." The explosion anil Iniikraptcy of l-','t7 followed, 
 and VVrijiht &. e'o. were ready with lln ir new noslnmi, the suh iieasnry. Kitchie, of the Union, iiko 'J'all- 
 madf'e kicked a Utile, heinp; up to the chin in speculatiuii. His |iress dcsi^niileii the liontst locos wlio iiicC in 
 the I'ark, N. Y., "Ihe rablilo rout." 
 
 In .1 letter to S. I). Hastings, dated Forest Will, Sept. 'Jfi, 18W, Charles J. Inj;er.ioll, Chairniiin of the Com. on 
 Foreign Aftairs, II. of K., savs that "the chartered power (liven bv our laws to iimke paper money bv' 
 banks ofdiscmint, TOI.RRATKI) IN ALLTHKIR VIOLATIONS OF KVKRV PRINCII'Li; OF KKiHT, U at 
 this moment deinorali/.in;; I'ennsylvania, and particularly I'hiladelphi.a, by more folly, igaoiaiice, breach of faith 
 and of law, luxury, intemperance, vice, crime, and misery, than can be .jusiU iiiipnled to slavery anywhere. 
 Slavery, I entirely believe with you, distempers any Ciiniinonweulth ; hut iho blood ot ours is fatally poisoned 
 by what renders liberty and equality hardly worth havluR." 
 
 t In Webster's report on Finance, in U. S. Senate, .Tune 'J7, \KU, he stales tluit the Hank of the IMeh-oiMilifi, 
 Washington, had not $1U(I,(K)0 of its notes in circnlHlion— that itc credit was so bad thai i'.s bills had been fold 
 at a dlscmint near its doors— that more than 800.'),000 of the public treasure was deposited with it—and that 
 those who took its notes as payment from povernineiit, and carried them to a distance, sufirrrd lo"s. General 
 Root explains that its funds were used in land jobbint! in the west, to realize fortunes to Folk's party patriots. 
 This bank hi d ils confederate pets gave no security to the country — they paid no bonus nor interest — ihey pay 
 none now— they made immense sums by using the national revenue— they were recommended by Woodbury 
 And Taney to Itwd it out, t>o that the raerchant» borrowins might be compelled to uphold their party however 
 
 Ii-.:" 
 
THE DUANE8, ROOT, AND JACKSON, ON THE UANKS. 
 
 115 
 
 Safety Fund 
 L have also 
 
 •own in my 
 
 tlie motives 
 lie currency, 
 C. C. Cam- 
 Joseph Ker- 
 Swartwout, 
 . W. Olcolt, 
 uule public, 
 uble scheme 
 accumulated 
 >s, had their 
 ready mstru- 
 lien I'ill was 
 :'d to hill) iu 
 inking, &c., 
 e liltsiMico ot 
 virtue, like 
 
 t" the public 
 ut" the Union 
 
 isiriiillti'iH iif the 
 llitr.- iiiilie puhlic 
 !iin;iry, April. Mini 
 • lank--, iiicliicllri.', 
 I.' lUi.'iity t'x (Jdv- 
 I t'r.. Ill till p(>M|ilo, 
 
 III (i lllllliri't! nut 
 
 I'lit. nii.iviiiliililc 
 i(in> acrriting un 
 
 which will n!- 
 Whiii' viir clit'-k 
 ri'l'iiiii"^ lo tiike 
 
 '^lu'-i to ho oxi'.cs 
 Is.iiK it, wlirii, ill 
 Si crt'l.iry <»l' tht' 
 I. nil increnso ot' 
 iTvals, tli.it .hrir 
 i< f\fri"istil iivi-r 
 
 lln' ifijuUir pulili 
 
 .tluMiuns ol" liiiiii 
 f/I/^.^■/^;Ma/ j>robtt.» 
 \V( , with n colli- 
 n cxiKtiso, liirjc 
 f I^;t7 fnlloweil, 
 Union, like Tall- 
 icosi who met ill 
 
 n 01' the CniTi. on 
 p;ip(r money bv 
 OF KUaiT, IsBt 
 
 :>', lireach of tiiith 
 iv.ry niiy where. 
 
 s laially poi.soned 
 
 f ihs MetToiKili.s, 
 lis hiiii lieon fold 
 with it— iinil that 
 •rd \iY:i. General 
 kN party HHtflots. 
 itercst— thfy p«y 
 led by WtxMlbtuy 
 \i fiarty however 
 
 had unanimously decided that that charter was constitutional ; a committee of 
 Congress, and finally the House of Representatives, had declared, after inquiry, 
 that the national treasure was safe in its vaults; the high tariff of 18i8, sup- 
 ported by Wright and Van Buren with the view of obtaining a surplus of many 
 millions of revenue for political distribution and personal aggrandizemi-nt, bad 
 done its work ; Jackson had been elected a second time to the Presidency ; and 
 now was the time to go into "the general scramble for plunder," as Swartwout 
 calls it, in right earnest. 
 
 The first step of the conspirators was to advise the appointment of William 
 J. Duane to the office of Secretary of the Treasury. The offer was made, and 
 it was accepted. Mr. Duane was the son of one of the most upright, energetic, 
 zealous and con.sistent democrats ever known to this Union. He had sown the 
 good seed of manly, truthful principles in India, England, Ireland, and America 
 — had sufK'fed persecution for the love he bore to freedom — had upheld the 
 good, anil been u terror to the evil doer in high station, during half a century — 
 was vigilant for his country as a trusted military officer in wur — and the foe of 
 United States Banks and other monopolies at variance with his ideas of equal 
 rights and laws. In Poland, ho would have followed Kosciusko ; in France, 
 been ready to tear down the Bastile, or participate in the glorious days of 1830. 
 What he thought of last and least was the acquisition of wealth; and he died 
 in old age, very poor, with a heart warmed by love and kindness toward his 
 fellow-in.!n. Cobbett, who disliked his antipathy to the English sj'steni of war, 
 taxation, finance, conquests and ill treatment of Ireland, frankly acknowledged 
 that William Duane was the most elficient and sleepless opponent England had 
 on this continent. I have read the files of the Aurora, no matter how old, with 
 real delight, for it was impossible not to see great sincerity united with true 
 patriotism, and an informt-d and reflecting mind, in the remarks of its conductor, 
 who, with " .Montague on Republics," believed that " There cannot be a more 
 certain symptom of the approaching ruin of a state, than when a firm adherence 
 to party is fixed upon as the only test of merit, and when all the qualifications, 
 requisite to the discharge of every employment, are reduced to that single stan- 
 dard." 
 
 His son,* William John Duane, whom Jackson called to his cabinet, in May, 
 
 wron.? Oener.'il Rimt, ill \. Y. Senate, Frh. 7, 1311, saiil that "the deposit hanks were expectej to siipimrt 
 the Uoverninent even in tho local i^Uictions— in short, to do all its dirty work. The custoitiers of those Banks 
 were reijnired to support ihi; /Vdniinistration, otherwhe they could sjet no accoinmod.ition. The New York 
 incrchanis soil their ^oods to the country merchants on credit. When tho nicrchints ironi the country went 
 to the city, they weri! tolil, we cannot ^ivc you credit unless we can get acoomiiiodiuion at the hanks. Tho 
 Hanks will not discount to those who iire opposed to the (lovernment. The cousenuniice wits, th it the nier- 
 I'hants were compelled to support the Adiriinistration. Thirty or forty I'et Banks wrre ap[>ointed for the e.v- 
 press piirposo oi'doin;; llie work of Iho Administration. There was no need oi proof of this — it was open, pal- 
 pable, visible liril»'ry— obvious to evi-ry iiiiii, woman and child in the country. VV;is there ever such an attempt 
 lo overwhelm tho whole l.ind in ii sea of corruption V 
 
 Wherein did this system, which m ly have made fortunes for Polk, Bntler. Van Buren, Lawrence, Cam 
 brclenK, Marcy, White II Co., Its creators, ditior from that in operation now, as presided over by Walker, baii- 
 crofl, Marcy and I'olk ! 
 
 Who was .Nicholas Uiildle, whom Blair, Croswell, Green, and Bennett, ko sy.steniatically abused at the word 
 of command from Van Buren, Polk &. Co. ? Tho favorite of Monroe, of .Vdani-i, of Jick^on, a democratic, con- 
 gressman, affluent before he entered the b ink, and nominated by .Andrew .lackson and confirmfid by the Stsn- 
 ale, in 1830, in 1831, and a third time. In IKIi!, as a government director of the Bank, as he li id been for seven 
 years before by .Monroe and Ad ims. The moment Mr. Ahab Van Buren ci.vetcd .Mr. .\aboth Hidille's vineyard 
 he raised such a du<t aliout his ears, throuvjh the collar presses, that many iiersons, myself aiponj; the numbury 
 believed him to bu as j^reat a monster as his bank was said to be. 
 
 * As Sfcr^^^tary, Duane gives evidence of a sound judgment, first rate busines.s talent, and 
 fjreat upri!jh'.no<s. 01' liis title lo superior ability as a statesman, when compared to Jackson, 
 Polk, Van Buren, Lawrence, "Wright, Butler, Taney, Cambrelensr, and the rest of the pet bank 
 junto, let his conduct, and his reasons f.>r it, be compared with the result of THE EXPERI- 
 MENT, and the tardy confessions of the men who made il. 
 
 In a letter to Moses Dawson, dated iu 1837, General Jackson, after saying that he had con- 
 fidence in the honesty of state banks at th? time he placed in their vaults the deposits, adds ; 
 
IIG 
 
 GIRARD, 8MITHS0M, LAWRENCE, POLK, AND l- AVORlTlisM. 
 
 
 
 
 1833, was a lawyer of eminence in Philadelphia, one of the cxecutoi's of the 
 generous French banker, Girard, who, as if to shame the intolerant Ha/tw parly 
 of our day, left millions of dollars, to educate American children, while Smith- 
 son, an Englishman, sent $500,000 across the ocean for a like generous pur- 
 ])ose. Duanc wrote Girard's will, was long his adviser, was opposed to tlu>. 
 United States Bank, in 1811 and 1S16, alimys and on principle ; and, with his 
 father, threw their great popularity in Pennsylvania into the Jackson scale, in 
 1S24, when Van Buren, Ritchie, and the selfish politicians, into whose hands 
 he fell in 1S33, were slandering his name, and ridiculing his j)retensions. 
 
 Mr. Duane had represented the Philadelphia democrats in the Legislature of 
 Pennsj'lvania, had written much that was useful, was married to a graiid-daugliter 
 of that eminent American, Benjamin Franklin;* and, Vvith his father, had given 
 the war of 1812, an early, eiricient, and continued support. He was opposed to 
 fongressional caucuses, and had no need to tinn to the winning side, when 
 Jackson was victorious, in 1828. For twelve years has this great and good 
 man been allowed to remain in private life, traduced and slanilered by the 
 Globe, Argus, and kindred presses in the pay of Van Burenism, whde ids great 
 experience, true patriotism, and sterling honesty would have been of vast im- 
 portance in the Congress of the Union. 
 
 IVo doubt, Van Buren, Kendall, and their confederates deceived themselves 
 
 " But was this contklencc well founded, and whoso fault is it tiiat it was not ? Let their 
 treachery to the j»overninoiu ami the people answer. Every day that the diroclors of the.-^e 
 banks met at their Iwanls, they knew their liabilities, and their a-^scls to mert them. They 
 were repeatedly and oarnesily cautioned by the treasury departmont not to over-issue— thnr 
 charters prohibited it — tiieir solemn obligations to the jjovernnieiit and the peojile, and every 
 principle of moral honesty, forbatle it. Still, in open vic>lr.tii>u of all oblip;.iiioas, they su i- 
 petidecl specie navmcnts in a time of profound pcae'.', robbed the treasury of many niillious if 
 dollars, and eried out, at the same time, that t!ie treasury was biinkrupt. 
 
 '• The hi'story of the world never has rceorded such base treachery and perlidy, as has been 
 committed by the deposit banks against the a:overnnient, and purely with the view of grati- 
 lying Diddle and the Barings, and Ijy the suspension of specie payni'Mits, endiarrass, and nti.!, 
 if fiieij cnulff, Ikrir own. amntrtj, for the selfish views of making large proliis by throwing oui 
 iiiillions ot' depreciatetl paper upon the people — :--"lling their specie at larg" premiums, anJ 
 buying iij) their own pa^'n" at discounts of from '25 to yi) per cent., and now looking forwaid 
 to be indulged in these speculations tor vears to come, beliire they resume specie payments."' 
 
 Cornelius \V. Lawrence, the apocryphal Presieient of perhaps the most corrupt of these 
 b.inks, thus ilenounced by Jackson, is .selected by Polk in 1815, as Collirtor of the Port id' i>r. 
 Y., and coniirmed in IHit) by the Senate ! His letters to Hoyi ami others slmw tli.it hi' actf^J 
 contrary to his oath (which was, to vote according to his best juilErnient), in supporting the 
 spoli-ition of the U. S. Bank. A two million charter was handeil to him, from Albany, in 
 1S3(>, as some pecuniary recompen.se for tear and wear of conscieinc — some two millions .f 
 the plunder of the national bank were placi'd in the cu-^tody of the new c<inc<'rn — Lawrene' 
 b.^caine its president, as a matter of course — and, wilh over ?f l,OllO,OOi> of a paid up capital 
 anti Uiiili'd States deposits, ils doors were shut upon the i)eo|)le and their giiveruiiient, whil" 
 the ink- wilh which its charter had been written was yet scarcely diy. When Lawrence became 
 (jollector, through the friendship nf Pn\sident Polk, his brother Joseph slipjied into odice as 
 baidc president: and their ilefaulting paper factory, though denoimced by Jack.son, is once 
 more a pet of Polk and "Walker, with the use of millions of the publie treasure to its mana- 
 gers, without bomis or interest ! Who can doubt the result! >fi't the authorities m Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 * Sarah, daughter of Benjamin Franklin, married Itiehanl I'aelie. ediior of the Aurora. 
 Philadelphia. Colonel William Duane, a native (if the Provim e of >i. Y., succeeded 'S\x. 
 Baclie in the management of that ])opular journal, ai:d was appointed by Madison, in IHlii, a 
 brigadier-general in the armies of the Union. His son, the fearless secretary ol' the treasury, 
 married a daughter ol' Mr. Bache, and her niolher, Mi.-. Sarah l>ache. died in Oct., InOH, agecl 
 ()t years. 1 have long and an.xiously wished that .s(.)me able, well-inforuied (Vieiid of ih' 
 faniily, who has access to the necessary materials, would compile and piibli-li the J^ife ami 
 Times of William Duane. To the Union, to Brilaia, and to Ireland, (lie laud ^')^ his fore- 
 J'atiiers. the lessons that dial work would teach would be invaluable. 
 
L'lsM. 
 
 :ecutois of the 
 mt iialiee parly 
 , wliilo Smith- 
 generous pur- 
 ipposod to tin; 
 
 aiicl, with his 
 :;ksoii scale, iti 
 ,0 whose liands 
 ensions. 
 
 Lfgislatuie of 
 graml-daughtci- 
 tlicr, liad given 
 was opposed to 
 ing side, when 
 ;reat and good 
 aiidered by tlie 
 whde his great 
 icn of vast ini- 
 
 I'ed themselves 
 
 as not ? Let tlu-ir 
 direct Ill's ol' thc^e 
 nci't them. They 
 I over-i>-snc — thrir 
 : peo|ile, and cveiv 
 ip;aliu;is, tlivy su -.- 
 'miui',- llulIiou^s (1" 
 
 ?iikly, as hns beon 
 the view of ;;rati- 
 ubarrass, and ;•;(/■;.', 
 Iiy tli!\!V. iiiv^ oiii 
 ' premiunis, an' I 
 \v luokinir Ibrwaid 
 pecie payment>.'' 
 
 St corrupt of these 
 r of the Poit v.i i"',. 
 show th:it h'- actej, 
 
 , in supporting ih'^ 
 111, Iruin Albany, in 
 le two millions rf 
 onei'rn — Lnwreiie'' 
 
 r a paid lip capital 
 
 ;;..)Vi'inn)i'nt, whil'' 
 1 Lawrence hecani'' 
 lipped into odicc as 
 
 V Jackson, is once 
 easiire to its mana- 
 ithoriiii's at Wash- 
 
 iior of the Anroi;i, 
 Y., succeeded Mr. 
 VLidison, in IHlIi, a 
 Riv ol' the treasurv, 
 [ in Oct.. 1M3H. aivd 
 rnicil fiii'iid of ili" 
 ii)lish llie Jjife and 
 ^e land vi^ his fore- 
 
 AMOS KENDALL, OR ADVENTURES IN KENTliOKY. 
 
 117 
 
 into a behef, that Duane's known dislike to the principle on which the U. S. 
 rJank was chartered, would enable them to make of him a powerful and popu- 
 lar instrument, for the achievement of their grand scheme of bank plunder, al- 
 ready resolved upon. But they had mistaken their man.* 
 
 Previous to the loss of liberty in Greece, as Thucydides tells us, " while 
 each party endeavored, by every possible method, to get the better of its anta- 
 gonist, the most flagrant acts of injustice were perpetrated on both sides. Mo- 
 
 * Amos Kkm).*i,i,. — I liave, in former chanters, and in a sejiarate work, endeavored to ana- 
 lyze the pietism of Benjamin F. Butler. It now liecomes ncce.s.sary that I should formally 
 introduce his twin hrother in politics, piety, and principle, Amo.s Kendall, Postmaster Generiil 
 1(1 Martin Van Buren, Director ol the Commonwealth Bank, Kentucky, Fourth Auditor <>t 
 the U. 8. Treasury, an editor of the Globe, the E.xpositor, and the Kentucky Arj^us. and special 
 a;jent for Jackson's advisers in bargainincr with the Pet Banks for th'? ii.se of the public reve- 
 nue, IH33-lil. 11' it be true, as we arc told in Gil Bias, that " there are few breasts capacion.s 
 f!ioiic;h to alford liouse room for Iwosuch opposite inmates a.s politic.'il ainbiticm and grati- 
 tude," some exeiise, may be found for the conduct of Amos Kendall towards his early bene- 
 tactor, Henry Clay. 
 
 In Kendall's own account of his life and adventures, which shows that he was born on that 
 day ill the year in which Hull surrendered his army, he makes strong professions of meek- 
 ness, hnmiiity, ami Christian forbearance — '• Deacon Zebedee Kendall, of Dunstable," hi.s 
 honored sire, is introduced singing David's psalms, saying grace before meat and grace after 
 meat, antl otl'ering up to heaven prayer and prai.se — pious appeals arc made to the Lord, to 
 (•onsi:ienee, and to the world — and the Democratic Re/iew for March, 1H38, paints Amos as 
 "EXTKCMELY SliVlPLE in character — plain, mild, and unassuming in manners — 
 (slinnhje and ainialtie." 
 
 O'.Sidlivan elevates Kendall into a very Father Mathcw of temperance while he was at 
 loijpge, hut we are reminded of Butl"r's famous patroon scene at the Sandy Hill bank, where 
 Iv'^ailall liiinsell', in his journal, pictures the Yankee lawyers who hail gone to Kentucky to 
 laend their fortum's. •' We again returned to the tavern where weic three or four Yankee 
 einigrnnt lawyers, and wi; madk, oirsklvks .mkhhv wrrii bihndv." 
 
 j\mos landed in Kentucky in 1814, a lean, gaunt, hungry adventurer, and, as the event 
 proved, an unprincipled and ungrateful one — he was receivecl info the family of Henry Clay 
 when absent in Europe, as the instructor of his children — treated by Mrs. Clay with great 
 kindness both in health and sickness — a.s.si.sted by Mr. (.Ilay, on his return, to get forward in 
 ihi? world, acedmniol.ated by him with a loan of S1500, introduced to his political friends, 
 pa'ronize.l as an editor, aided in obtaining the public printing in Kentucky, and when, in 
 t6J5, Clay bci'aine Secretary of Stale, uft'ered a situation in the .state department. 'VS''hy did 
 lie noL accept it ! His letter to Mr. Clay, in IH'it*, will explain. " You afterwards ollered me 
 (says lie) a clerkship witli a salary of jj'lOOt), which I declined, expressing a willingne.s.s to 
 iiccepi one of S'l J'"^- ' Amos was ready to join the democratic administration of Clay and 
 Adaui <, ai 5'15'll), l>iil couldn't lake S'lOOO. Jack.son's friends, through Green, had outbid that. 
 They hastened to buy Amos up — and enabled him to turn his marketable talents witli etiect 
 iigamst the character and siandinu' of liis early friend. Trading politicians may applaud his 
 woildly prudence — the parasite of power will award him a vulgar .sympathy — but irom pure- 
 mindc! Aiuerienns, such conduct as lam about to describe will ever nn'ci with umiualirted 
 ipprobntion and deserved contempt. 
 
 Kendall ilenies liiai he was once for a Bank of the United Slates and a pro'.ective tarifi", or 
 diat lie owes a delit of gratitude to Henry Clay. He as.sures the readers of the Expositor that 
 his " opposition to Mr. Clay was (breed on by 'he hearllessness and ingratitude of Mr. Clay 
 liiinvelf," 
 
 A letter of Kendall's to John C. Knowlton, of t..owell, dated Washington, July 1 1th, 1H'J9, 
 appeared in the >Ccw York Evening Post. Here is an extract : 
 
 " tliis I'llins iH-.dispnseil inn lo lliink writ of Mr. CInv, nnd KK.M)II.V F.M.I, L\Tt) TlIF, SI'PPOllT 
 
 ' (iF HIS I'Ol.fl'K .Vl< \n:\VS. .Actorilin^ly, wliou lio bccuriiu (i caiiilidnti: fur III'..' pri-sicUiicy. I ESrOL'SBD 
 
 "HIS (.'.M'.SF, Willi ;i!iu riiy and zoal. My liiiM'. my labour, and my money wtrr jill lavislicd wUlKint 
 
 ' ■ipcj.ttiu:! of rcccar-d'i'O .\\i\AW\''.MV..V\,i\\. ll' 1 owid liiiii or liis I'aiiiilv any i IjllgutiDii^ tlicy were 
 '• riLlily .-cpiicl in liia; conteat. .\MOS KIWOALL." 
 
 'Sic. (Uay w;is then, as he is now, the champion of one ny^ivlalinii banlc — the United States 
 Bank — in piet'cicnce lo one ihoii.sand of thein — favored, as now, a protective tarili', and inlcrnal 
 imiirnveniniis by vole of Congress — and had disapproved of General Jackson's conduct in 
 Ploriiui, and pronounced ii tyrannical and unjust. Kendall tells us that he preferred Clay to 
 .faekson, for President— " readily fell into the support of his POLITICAL views," and 
 "espoused hia cause with alacrity and zeal.' Why then deny that he was "once for the 
 hank \" 
 
 »-■ • 
 
 ■"■ll 
 
'^^.TjryTTTX 
 
 \\i 
 
 118 
 
 KFNDALL UP AT AUCTION. A CASH TRANSACTION. 
 
 1 : 
 
 5'' ' ,'• 
 
 
 ii .■■ 
 
 
 derate lucn, who refusoJ to join with eithi^r, were ahko the objects of their re- 
 fCDtinont, and equally proscribt'd by eitlusr faction." Where is the ditference 
 here, in Duane's case ? He was induced to support Jackson, through a belief 
 that he would act up to the titanly principles luid down in his letters to Mon- 
 roe. Did he try to do it 1 
 
 Duane took olfice in June, 1833, and was ofterwanh informed that it was the 
 wish of the President that he should remove the national treasure from the 
 
 Kendall nililrr.<s-ipil a lont,' loltfr to Clay, thrniiffh llie Frankfurt Argus, whicli was copied into 
 the Kvoninp Post of Nov. Ii-'i7, In whic'h lu' as.xiirts him tliat lie prcturrcd hini as .Secretary, 
 with Adains as I'rcsident. to the eletlii)n of Jackson, and that he and lilair, since of liie Ulob*;, 
 wrote in lb"Jr> to the nieinbers ot' Congress, from Kentucky, urging them to vote mjaind Jack- 
 son and ill. favor of Adam.i, vilfi t/iis virtr, Kendall also wrote to (Jlay before the presi- 
 dential election was decided, that ho prcterred Jackson to Adams, all things being equal — but, 
 »aid he, " if OlJll INTERESTS can be promoted by any other arrangement, I shall be con- 
 tent." " Our interests" are uppcnnost still. 
 
 In Kendall's evidence before the Kentucky Legislature, he says that Mr. Clay intended to 
 give him a situation at Washin^jton, in IH;];'), and that he (Kendall) stood ready to defend with 
 his pen the political character ol his early friend. In a Utter to David Wliite, who had voted 
 in Congress for Mr. Adams as President, dated March HiJi, 18'J8, ho says, " We knew that 
 Mr. Clay was to be Secretary of State, and FOli THAT REASON promoted Mr. Adams's 
 election," and prevented, of course, that of Andrew Jackson. lie a^^^erts that he supported 
 Adams because Clay was to he Secretary, and yet he told the Kcnuicky Legislature on oath, 
 that he believed the charge by Jackson against Clay, of having bargained with Adams, was A 
 BA8E SLANDER, and that lie had applied to Clay lor a situation in Washington, where he 
 would have defended him ihrougli the pros against liiat slander! In a letter addressed to 
 Clay, and dated Frankfort, Oct. 11, 1826, Kendall says, ''Whatever course I may feel con- 
 strained to lake in relation to the administration generally, I trust I shall not be the means or 
 the occasion of casting any imputation upon your integrity and honor." 
 
 Kendall swears that it is his solemn belief there was no bargain at all. But turn to his 
 letter to Mr. Knowlton already ijuoted. He there has quite a dillcrent stoiy to tell. He says: 
 
 " In reviewins my course, I Imv! but one ihiiiR lo regret. It is, tlmt I did not, re^ardluiis of all impiitntlunc, 
 " takn .1 di.'ciiilvt! suind ni!.'in>it the Union ol" Mosrn Adams and Clay in l.'-.'0. I kium that Mr. Clay viulHKd tlie 
 "wifhofliisstuu:; I K.NKVV THAT THE UNION U'A.S INTEKESTEU AND SIOLKISII. Inaieod olbiing 
 *• SILENT, I ought boldly to \w\ o dcnouiici-d it. I oiiKht to h.ive boon as s- iisible an I am now that no romiiinii 
 "obligation orprivato t'rii!iidt«liip, and nu tear ol'iniptiit:d ingraiitiide can jiixtity a puliiic man in WINKING at a 
 " violation of tiiti fundnmintal iirinclplcsof ourfrefcinBtitutioiiii. On this point 1 aiii guiliy.— AMDS KE.NuALL." 
 
 There's a confession for you ! " Give me a ?51,500 place," says the pious politician, " and 
 I'll call ye white as driven snow — though I know that your coudiict was interested and selfish. 
 Buy me at my price — I'm in the market, and if you don't your opponents will. Hire me, and 
 I'll go Willi you for the tariff, the bank, internal impro/ciucut, Adams, anything — neglect me, 
 and I will be found among your most bitter cueinies. You wanned me into lite, as the coun- 
 
 Krman did the snake — if you don't wish to be slung, give me mv |)rice." Such, though not 
 endall's words, is the substan('e of his orter. Clay spurned it, Kendall became his enemy, 
 and used the influence Clay had obtained for him to seeun? the vote of Kcniucky for Jackson 
 and Van Buren, next Presidential tlcciion. (general DuU' Green, the Jackson and Calhoun 
 editor, before Blair, "once for riic bank," supplanted him, says, — •' It 'ill be seen that at the 
 fery moment that he was negotiating with Mr. Clay for a salary of jfl,;. v/, as the price of his 
 removal to Washington, for the purpose of vindicating Mr. Clay against tiicse ' SLANDERS 
 which were afloat against him,' he was negotiating with me, Jbr a stipulated sum, which I 
 paid him to remain in Franklbrt to assail Mr. Clay." Whether Green proved that it was " at 
 the very moment," I do not now remember, but if it was noi, it was \eiy sixin ailcr. "I 
 winked at guilt till hired to assail it," is the sutwtance of Kendall's pretended ''onlession to 
 Knowlton. General Green was supplied by his party with funds — Kendall gut monkv — paid 
 his debt to Mr. Clay, and btx-ame the ready instrument of his enemies. General Green de- 
 scribes him as " ambitious, ungrateful, mercenary, and corrupt." 
 In his letter to Knowlton. Kendall says, — 
 
 •• They (meaidng the friends of Clay :itid Adiimri) combined lo withdraw frofil rae all public and private 
 " FATKONAlJE, to destroy niv rhamcier, and reduce uiy family to d«gradaiion ault b<.',;);urv. I fell that Mr. 
 "Clay was ungrateful.— AMOS KENDALL." 
 
 I select the following passage from page 374 of the Expositor, for 1843, by Amos Kendall, 
 Washington : 
 
 "Impbdbnob— Ta« Latest S:iPEciMEN.— Mackenzie, in his New York Examiner, says wc were 'once /uro 
 benk i' His language is this : 
 " Week «fi«i; wedi, aiuoUi ofttir month, tJie Otob« taktt pleuuxe to tieoouiiciiiit Mr. Tylw twcauso be would 
 
 United Stai 
 ordeied by 
 so. Thoin 
 He asked t 
 acted right, 
 ed of its m 
 The spe 
 
 not mnkc dmni 
 CriHWull and to 
 
 There unoilii 
 (.'liirite like tliiti, 
 
 Friiin IHIti, thi 
 iiid ill Iri.J3, In t 
 
 IrUHl-Wit. Bui 
 
 Uiiveninieiit in i 
 
 Th ri! IS OIK! ci 
 
 ttuM' from the no 
 
 Did not K 
 when he foun 
 Ailanis then, i 
 ■-tali; banks .' 
 (lu'ir unciinst 
 iinprovcincnlf 
 '•auscil charte 
 ..f Kentucky 
 
 From ih 
 
 "Jackcion will 
 
 ii.i* Imt to neU'ct 
 
 iiriiiiiolH them. ' 
 
 MVM tACTl IIK.S, 
 
 In ISU\, Mr 
 
 ;ii»i he thinks 
 Will Kcml;i 
 
 ,iil>i> lt-i"V Wci 
 
 r.-iicr adiiiii til 
 ni' aii\ men 'li 
 
 \Ir.<'i;iy. ,. 
 
 jili'clgc fhe hai 
 
 ippriipriaif il 
 
 Is'-.Vi a hig! 
 
 — itiiii iiad ma 
 
 .•iMtic, lilllie n 
 
 «liip a; ■lii'.i.im 
 
 luiurscr fur.'if: 
 
 liiice the mail 
 
 he w.xs a hui 
 
 Ves, it is trui 
 
 iin>idciation 
 
 for money, 
 
 My iniprcs- 
 iiii-'nt for IKil. 
 it. He .siait 
 '•iiicc 182.'). Ii;ii 
 ill IftUi, hni : 
 vcars Ix'fuic, 
 i.c had paid, o 
 
 Lettt 
 
 •• Dear Sir :—0 
 than ever. 1 ku 
 'akf, Imt I think 
 juiijjw by any ini 
 liive iloubtli'ii.< n 
 Adaiiii. But if 
 rate, Ut us hai;c 
 Do ichiU yitn t/iii 
 w\. i\u- iiimiffis 
 
 i 
 
I of their re- 
 he ditference 
 ugh a belief 
 ters 10 Mon- 
 
 at it was the 
 irc from the 
 
 was copied into 
 m as .Sifietary, 
 i?c orUic UlolA?, 
 te imaind Juck- 
 ?l'uie the presi- 
 ing equal — but, 
 I .-^hall be con- 
 
 'lay intended to 
 \f to defend with 
 , who liail voted 
 We knew that 
 :d Mr. Adams's 
 lit he supported 
 slature on oatii, 
 I Adams, was A 
 ngton, where he 
 tiT atldressed to 
 I may feel con- 
 be the means or 
 
 But turn to his 
 > tell. He says: 
 
 of all impiitntlunf, 
 r. Clay violHird the 
 I. Inijiead of buliig 
 i\v t)i:it no riiiiininii 
 in WINKINU lU a 
 MOS KE.MiAt.1.. ■ 
 
 Mlitieian, "and 
 
 sted and selfish. 
 
 Plire me, and 
 
 ns; — neglect me, 
 
 life, as the coun- 
 
 iuch, though not 
 
 ;aine his enemy, 
 
 icky for Jackson 
 
 •on and Calhoun 
 
 ten tiial at the 
 
 * the price of his 
 
 e ' SLANDERS 
 
 cd sum, wliich I 
 
 [{ that it was " at 
 
 s(xin ail'T, " I 
 
 d ''onfession to 
 
 ;ut MONKv — paid 
 
 meral Green de- 
 
 public and privnte 
 y. I tell that Mr. 
 
 r Amos Kendall, 
 
 Bvc were 'oneefor a 
 t twcAuso be would 
 
 MARTIN VAN BURBN's POSTMASTER OBNERAL. 
 
 119 
 
 United States Bank, ami place it in other banks. Ho refused to do this unless 
 ordeied by Con^res.s, or unless reasons should be a-shigned to justify his doing 
 !,o. Tbuinas Ritchie, of the Union., approved of his course in thus refusing. 
 He asked the opinion of Col. Duan^, his father, who also told hitn that he had 
 acted ri^ht, though he thought the bank charter unconstitutional, and disapprov> 
 cd of its tnanageinent. 
 The speculating banks and politicians, of whom Van Burcn was the ready 
 
 not initkccnmiiiiin cnu4'> with tlio Van Uurun cliciuc I Imvo duscrilind; and Kendnll, onco fur the bank, joini 
 C'roj^vL'll nnil l'olli)W:< suit.' 
 
 Tliurv uiiuiliini; 10(1 Uurcrur.ed Tor di'praviiy to invent and iimlicc to a<«>rt; hut tho ttrptH who make^ a 
 olMriie iiki! tills. i<iiii::s unly Iuh own iHxIy. 
 
 Fniiii IHIIj, the Bunk .MonHier iieviT cciiited t» rcrelvi' our hlnw't wlirn wc rnu'd atrlkn Willi tlin lenit eflitct ; 
 111(1 id lrtJ3, in itv riMi ival ut' tlii> ilupiiiits, wlilcli ^l.lKkellzil' condeiiiii'i, we cut tile cluU Willi which our IKrcu- 
 :i'D!il'W It. But r>r ilint iii('a<ur(<, it wiMilii Inivo lived il >t>l it p' ri^lied In its own coriuptiimii, iiiviilvin|{ the 
 Giivenimeiit in the rmn wliiili ovi^rtimk ilie too coiiflUiiiK Ntnekholdcrs. 
 
 Tli ru IS Diiit ouiHo :iiiiiii iii iiiu'li aitickn : They d stroy tiie euiilidi'iicr of the people in nil the libeli wliicll 
 rt(jA' from iheiiaiiie soun;-: upon inont hnp.trtniil iN'ruoiiiiKM." 
 
 Hid not KPU'iall ilo his wiy Ix-st to seeurc the eli'ffi(m of Adams over Jackson in 1825, 
 when he found that Clay cduld not be elected by the Ifoiisc of Rcprescnfatives — and wan not 
 Aiiains ilK'n, as mnv, ihc advucaltr of a national bank in ptefcrciicc to a thousand unchecked 
 ■•tatt; banks ! KciidaH's K\pi»itor coiilaiiu'd endh'ss harangues against bank and taritij 
 ihfir unci.nstitutloiKiliiy, but (lid he not sujiport ilie advocates of boih. and also of internal 
 iinprcvcinerils, till he got his price ! Yes, and in 1817-18, he and his frienils, and partisans 
 .:aiiM!(l charters to be irranted to more ttian forty spurious banks, tliereby flooding the stati; 
 ef Kentucky wiih wiiitlilcss paper. 
 
 ^'roln tho KBnlU(!ky ArKU', hy Kendall, (copied into the NiUldnnI Intel liifencir, 8e,)t. 13, 18!J4.) 
 
 ■ Jiicksim will ifft IViincs!-'^'' and Clay will uet Keiitiirky u.* certninly as they remain cnndidntev, »nd Iiidlona 
 iiiis t)iit 1(1 select litiii w hose policy Is iiiosl lavoiiriililc to li r inleicsts, and wliose talents are most conii>etent to 
 ;ir(iinote them. That this is II. my (^lay, thk powlrfui. Anvoe4Ti:ni' imtrrnal iMPKnvKMiCNT« and domkstic 
 \i\M lACn KKH, uo unprej(i(liri'il man can doiiUl." 
 
 In 181(1, Mr. Clay voted fur ihc laie U. S. Rank, and has ever since eontiniially avowed 
 
 uifil he tiiinks huch an iiisiiuniun iieeessar\ and edusiitu'ional. 
 
 Will Kfinlall asseii thai he iiied, first lo elect (May in l^'-l, and tiien Adams in 18'25, bo- 
 ,.iise ih''v were for thr bank, and to kci'p dut JaekMni because he was opposed to it ''. He had 
 r./iier adiii't that he was a niejin. sordid, nieireiiarv ndveniiirer, ready to '^o for any principle.s 
 i^i any men that paid liesi. |iiii(>eil lie has i;diiiitled as iimch in liis ieiier lo KnowUon. 
 
 Mr. Clay. |i;c\ ions to Kendjill's deseilion to the JaciiMHi litmp, had siippntted a bill to 
 plivJgc flie bank b miis as an internal iinpfdvemeiil fund — had declared thai Congrerss mighi. 
 ippriipriaie ih • revenue lo ediisii'uei canals and jxisi roans — hudad\ocated in the spring oi 
 is'Jii a higii pr •teciive larill^ — had voied in censure (.iciicral Jackson for his ((nulnci in Florida 
 —and liaii made A(iaiijs I'lcsideiii of the I'niicd isiai( s. All this Kendall eiidorseil as dcmo- 
 .•iiiti(', till he refiisc(, liim a if'l,ri(Kloliic(>, while Jaiksoiiism held out ihi? ])i-ospecl of an audiloi- 
 «liip a: fii:>."00. 'I'lic Aiiioid, ihe Diiinoiuii/ of ]).)liiics, in IHJii, joinetl Hlair whom, as an 
 i luluisor for .•ip"i(',Oi)0, the bank of the Uniied riiales had forgiven, and hired himself out to ira- 
 (iiKv the man wlio>e kind faiiiily and imspitable mansion liad atiorded him a siieltor when 
 he was a hungry, friendless >ir;iiiger, a luiclless barrister travelling ia scaidi of strife. 
 \'es, it is Hue, hicndall deeply injured ilie personal and political friend wlio liad given hi'n 
 ■ on^ideialion in Keiiiiieky, and \» hose family had teiuled him in sickness. This was done 
 for money, gain — ilie,"e wii'* no principle iir. oKcii. 
 
 My iuipit's-ion, until I saw Clay's staieinent on page tJ'Ji.f vol. i. of .Minor's Public Docu- 
 ment for KnU, was, that he dwncd much slock in liic L'. S. Rank, and was deeply indebted lo 
 it. lie suilod, houcver, in Senate, Dec. 1!>, IfvJIt, iliat lie had not U'cn counsel for the bank 
 ^iiice liS:2.'>, liad iml held a siiare li.i' many years, did not owe die bank ii cent, iiad voted for it 
 in I8u;, bill siibsei ib'd for none of il.-^ stock, and (>n tlie liiilurt! of a I'riend twelve or fifteen 
 vears Ix'fure, liad as his ciuldrscr, become respdiisiblc to the bunk for a large amount uhich 
 i,c had paid, owing lie in^tiuuion no fa\tii-. 
 
 Ijetter, Amos Kendall to Henry Clay, at Wasiliiniiion, dated I'raiikfort, Ky., Jan. 21, \H'). 
 
 •■ Dear tsir : — Our legislature i« pone, hut have let'i us no re piiHO, Wo h.ive a prospect of a contest more embittered 
 than ever. I reurut It, and would gladly escapi' tVoni it ; but the tales stem to order it otherwise. I may inis- 
 t.'ike, but I think the Icgi.-I.ilure will lie t^usluiiied. The excitement is anioiij^ ihone opposed to reinoviii'.; tlic 
 judges by any nieaijs. .As I iKrorincd you, the resolulioiis nviuesting you to vote fcr Jackson passed, and you 
 iiivciloubilcii^ received them, .tarksun is my second choice, i\\\ rlrcuinstaiices being e(|nal between liim and 
 Adams. But if our mfr.rcst. in Ihe. irc<t can he {iromiited hij anil other iirraH^etnenl, I gliiill he content. ..It any 
 rate, Ut U3 haiic a President. I would sooner vote lor aiiy of the three than have a Viceuerent lor four years. 
 Vo lehai. y<m Viink bcst—tkc .irgus will not comjilaiii, because it has faith that yon will dn nolhinit to compro- 
 piiJMhe iineieHs of the wc^•letIl co'ii'ry. or Uie nation, biiicefcly yourlViend, ' .\,M0l5 KENDALL." 
 
 li"' 
 
 ■ i} 
 
1^. 
 
 
 i- •■< ■•' 
 
 '!»■>'' i* "'■ * 
 
 & 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 *l.' 
 
 I'.. 
 
 ' i 
 
 DUANi: S REASONS RIGHT. WKIGHT Ei VOTES WUGNG. 
 
 agent, were eager to grasp the many millions of money, the proceeds of heavy 
 tf .cation, which the tarilf of 1828 had imposed. Dunne's reasons for refus- 
 ing to gratify them, as stated to General Jackson, were very powerful. 
 
 He reminded the General that the law made him responsible to Congress if 
 he removed the deposites — that the proposed pjt banks were far less sale than 
 the bank of the LI. S. — that Congress had pronounced the public money safe — • 
 that no thorough investigation had been made into the allairs of the bank — that 
 no real, adequate security would be oUcred by the local banks, and that he 
 could not judge of their fitness or solvency by hearsay — that he had not been 
 confirmed in his office by the Senate — that the U.S. Bank had received and paid 
 400 millions of dollars for government, without the loss of a cent, but that it was 
 a well-known flxct that millions had been already lost to the country, by trusting 
 the public money with the managers of local banks, the misconduct of which had 
 caused much uncertainty as to the value and amount of the paper currency — 
 that if the U. S. Bank was Ki'llish,as had been said, surely \.\w local banks would 
 not prove less so — that they would trade upon the public money to be entrusted to 
 them, and be unable to refund it when required to do so — that perhaps it would 
 be better for the government to do without any banks at all — that now was the 
 time to make a full inquiry as to that — that it would be very unwise to enter into 
 entangling alliances with institutions which derange, depreciate, and banish gold 
 and silver, the only constitutional currency — that a therough inquiry into the con- 
 dition of the currency was much required, but that we need not look for the neces- 
 sary information from interested bank agents — that it would be well to resist a 
 combination of powerful monied monopolies before the only means of resistance 
 would be through a public convulsion — that both the local and United States 
 Banks were monopolies, alike at variance with the .sovereignty of the United 
 States and the general good of the people — that a removal of the depositi s 
 would bring on a struggle for power between the national and state banks, by 
 means of which thousands of innocent persons would be ruined — and that it 
 there must be banks for social or fiscal uses, surely one bank* for the whole 
 
 * Louis McLane, Secretary of the Treasiu-y before Dnanc, opposed the removal 'of tho 
 (Icposils, and so did Cass, Ihonjjh the latter was pliant ami ready to go either way. Van Bu- 
 ren, in private, prol'essed to McLane, lor some time al'lor Tolaiid's Report, and the vote in iIt' 
 n. of R. favorable to the baid\, thai In tuo in/s uppnxd in lltr n iiiorri/ ! ! Oleourse, it was Van 
 Buren, and his Safety Fiiiul Hanks, that controlled the vote of this state in ("onf,'ress, and it 
 was that vote that contmlled the deposit (iiiestion. The laiitniau'c of the (tldie, Post, ami 
 Argus, and of CamhrelenL'', IVardslcv, Vander|ioel, Wri!,dit, and 'i'allniatL'-i' — Lawrence ami 
 Butler's Letters— Wriirht's orders to the legislature of ,\. V.', ihrou'.di llovt (p. -Jit). No. 'jrui), 
 and the 118 votes in the A>sembly — also the great meeting <"i Tammany llall, and J(>hn Van 
 Buren's correspondence, atfi)rd ample proof that Van Buren ;md his confederates decided the 
 removal of the public money. Colonel Young had a deep interc>t in the Safety i'und Bank*^, 
 and we find him declaring that black lines ought to be drawn across tlie laces lA' the Senatur-^ 
 who had censured .Jaclcson li)r removing tlie di'jiosits. 
 
 In 18:}I, Silas Wright " would merely pronounce his opinion that the couniiy would sustain 
 the Executive arm of the go\ernmei)t in the e.vperiment now makin;,' lo Md.-tiiutc the Sl;;|e 
 Institutions for the Rank of the Uniteil States, lie had mo^t entire conlideiice in the full ;ni(l 
 complete success of the experiment. It was his (irm opinion that the ^teps that had been taKi n 
 would redound to the honor iiiid best interests of the cduntry," When the banks binke^ 
 Wright talked in this lli-hion : '• Under this law, all the existing deposit banks accepted tlici; 
 high Iru^t to the government and people of the country, and ici'eived .-•ome forty millions ci 
 t'"' public treasure, aiul yet, strange to tell, before a single twelvcmondi had pa;-scd au^iy, tiny 
 all vefii.'se to pay gold and silver lor their notes. Nay more, and worse, they even iclii^e to jiay 
 to {i\> government anything buttheirown irredeemable bank notes — tlio'^e notes which the liiw 
 prohibits the ofiicers of the govermnent from either receiving or ptiying out, lor the nii!lio!;« 
 entrusted to their .salii keeping. The drafts of the Treasurer of the II. S., diawn upon a deiv - 
 sit bank tor a mere trust fund, belonging to individual citizens, which fund was by the govern- 
 ment imported from abroad in gold and silver, and in gold and silver placed in that banlc tor 
 sale keeping, have been dLshonored and returned without payment, because the holder of the 
 
 country,un( 
 irresjionsibl 
 (in which 1 
 the keepinj 
 speculating 
 as a refugf 
 death and ' 
 He did n 
 opposition i 
 rashly guilt 
 bank had d 
 ons to plact 
 on the will 
 quently to 
 Uuion.) 1 
 did not orij: 
 
 drafts would 
 shown it wo 
 Wright knew 
 \S'ii, that at i 
 favorable to a 
 we nnist hav 
 March -JO, IH 
 the duties re!| 
 
 ■' When I li 
 thins," said ; 
 ofGod. In 1 
 wherever it e.' 
 to wain the S 
 l^uiid .system 
 (lowed, in tli 
 their ass(viai 
 lending Heei 
 tiom the pub 
 liatt;in and it 
 the goverinni 
 the usiu'y of 
 
 Mr. Callu 
 
 "IjCI lis licit I 
 pMlirr liy iiiflm 
 
 Ol'llie IMlllIU' III 
 
 riiiiiiiiiii I'liirni 
 
 Rllllv Oi'lIlP I'. 
 
 iiscliil Ciinctiiiii 
 llclllUL'MI|si|lui| 
 
 t(i ciincoivc liny 
 Ilia lilt) whiilr 
 
 K|IC'Clltlti(m. jK' 
 
 ineniii'es ami pi 
 iiii;!lu nut III' t;i 
 lis yet ciijiiy Us 
 A.Sl) A ^YSTKM 
 
 (nrsruY. I l( 
 niiniiiiis 111' pi) 
 liiivr cvtciiili'il 
 bull' 111!' rrrinl 
 -SAl.l'.S I'U \ 
 intbniii.'il, II II II 
 new iiiTiiniri'iiii 
 tiiinl. n>> (liiiilii 
 t'nilpd Si;ilcs I 
 Kiciti'il liiiii!:-^ 
 piisiKs — 111 ilr;i 
 'J'llDSK Willi 1 
 lUVE IIIK MKA 
 
)NG. 
 
 DUANE AND CALHOUN ON THR CURRENCY, IN 1834. 
 
 121 
 
 oceeds of heavy 
 
 masons for refiis- 
 
 veiful. 
 
 (' to Congress if 
 
 ir less sale than 
 
 c money safe — 
 
 the bank — that 
 iks, and that he 
 lu! had not been 
 
 ceivrd and paid 
 
 t, but that it Avas 
 
 nlry, by trusting 
 
 ict of which had 
 
 aper currency — 
 
 )cal banks woiikl 
 
 be entrusted to 
 
 jerhaps it would 
 
 lat now was the 
 
 vise to enter into 
 
 and banish gold 
 
 liry into thecon- 
 
 lok for the neces- 
 
 well to resist a 
 
 lans of resistance 
 
 d United States 
 
 ty of the llnited 
 
 jf the deposit! s 
 
 d state banks, by 
 
 ned — and that it 
 
 V* for the whole 
 
 Ihr removal of {]v 
 her way. Van Bii- 
 , and tlif vote in ih'' 
 i'couiM', it was Vnii 
 in Con^'ress, and it 
 he l.ilolie, Pcist, ami 
 !■.'(" — Lawroiiee and 
 ,t (|v -J ID. No. 2')t;), 
 Liali, and John Van 
 pderaics decided llv 
 Sali'tN Knnd Haiil^, 
 iccN (d' the Seuatol'- 
 
 )uniiy would >u,'-i;!in 
 sul.^^linitc tlie 8l;;Ii' 
 cncc ill till' lull ami 
 that had been taloii 
 en the hanks hidKi', 
 lianlcs accepted tlicii 
 me forty millions cl 
 \[ pa^.-^ed away, tin y 
 y even i{'lu>e to pay 
 notes which the hiw 
 out, liir the riiillioi;'^ 
 di.iun opon .i den' - 
 i was hy the ■fttvern- 
 ced in that banlv for 
 sc the holder ol' tiie 
 
 country ,under the control of Compress, was better than a thousand banks altogether 
 irresponsible — that one eflect of taking the public treasure from the U. S. Bank 
 (in which the public had invested seven millions of dollars), and placing it in 
 the keeping of a ho.st of local banks, with their gambling, .stock-jobbing, land 
 speculating managers, might he to drive thupeoph; to adopt a thirfl U. S. Bank, 
 as a refugo from their irredeemable trash (which but lor Harrison's sudden 
 death and Tyler's unexpected vetoes, would have been tlie case in l!S41). 
 
 He did not propose the Sub Treasury scheme, but expressed the most decided 
 opposition to the U. S. Bank — he would institute a thorough inquiry, but not be 
 rashly guilty of a breach of the ol)Iigation of conlracls tt)\v,ir(l the bank. If the 
 bank had done wrong the judiciary wore able to punish, lie thought it danger- 
 ous to place in the hands of a secretary of the treasury, dependent for his olliee 
 on the will of the President, a power to favor or piinish local banks, and conse- 
 quently to make thein political machinery (like \'an Ikiren's Safely Fund 
 Union.) He knew that the elforts made to hasten tin.' removal of the de[)osiles 
 did not originate with patriots or statesmen, but in schomes to lu'omote factious 
 
 ihafts woidd not receive the irredeeniahle bil 
 
 mat 
 
 laiih 
 
 '•aiislheiiiin.'' Dii.ine had 
 
 shown it would be so bet()re " ihe e.vpeiinieni'" was made, and thai it had ahvavs been m'. 
 \Vrii,dit knew that just as well in IKU as in 1S:5N. Matthew L. Davis writes Webb, l^eb. H, 
 1831, that at a meetiiit,' of the Senators for X. "\'. and the conmiillee of meiehants of N. "\'., 
 favorable to a U. S. llaiik, WriLcht sa'id, '■ Cientlenien. 1 am opposed lo any V . S. llaiik, but if 
 we must have a baid<, 1 do not want a eommereiid but a pdlilienl bank.'' In his sp'cidi nf 
 March -JO, \S'M, he calls the |iet banks " perleeily safe ap^iits, lidly eonipetent to (li>eharj;e all 
 the duties re^iuiicd in the culici'tion and disbnrsemi'nt ofllie poMie revenne.'' 
 
 ■' When I bow ilown myself in the House di' Uiinnion, thf Lord piirdon thy servant in this 
 thins;," said Xaaman, captain of the host of ihe kini,' of Syria, lo l-;iis|ia the Hebrew prophet 
 ofGod. In like maimer, .Idliii < '. ('alliDiin's clear iiiielleet cnii discern and aciinowledir^. ov/i 
 wherevi'r it exists, mdi'ss it b- in the enslavement (if ilv sons of Africa ; and he was now ready 
 to warn tlie Senate of the maiiifold miseries which Van Diireifs extension of the X. Y. Safety 
 Fund system would briii'.,' upon his country. In his sjieeeh. January 1!{. IsilM, he foresha- 
 dowed, in the (dearest manner, the landjobiiin;r <if the Butlers, Wrieiit<. Van Hnrens, and 
 their associates — Jiidije AVoo Ibury pulliny t!ie wires for the ris" ;'nd (all of stocks — Hiiyt 
 Icndini; Heers the pulilie funds — John Van l^iiren speeulaiin.,' in \>-^'M, and ll|•awin^• ea.-h 
 from the public in iKiO — Swartwoul keepimr the bonds ^Tlr'as he kk't ih'-m — and the Man- 
 liattun and its conlederate banks lendine' the |)ublic treasure to their conupt maiianer.s, wliHe 
 the ,;^overnnient bade them, .as it in deri>ion. to help the merchants. 'rh"y did !■ dp them, al 
 the usury of cent per cent. 
 
 Mr. Ualhoun's really prophetic remarks wen' ;is follow; 
 
 " L(n IIS iKil (li'coixr (nirsclvcs— Uiis lo.'iniic -lliis !i'<si)i'i:iUii:i of li;inl(s— (^rculrit liV liie llxfciUivc— tiniind (n- 
 goilipr liy liillilcncp— united in I'diidiiim :iriicl('s (il'iisvirriMiiiMi \ivirMct .■mil sii-Kiincd liy rccc'.vin;; die (l('|Kw|ts 
 of llic piililic llKincy. mill li;o iiti; their ikiIcs converliMl, liy lirin;; : •ccivril cvnywln r.' |.y llie 'l're:isiiry. iiilii llio 
 (■"iiiiii':n (•(iireiiry (if llie iimntry, is til (ill iiUeiils mill |iiii-|iiis(-^, ;i H:iiili dl' die I'liileil Siiiie> — dir I'lxeiiitivo 
 Bulk (il'tlie I'. S., ;i.s ilisllnu'iiistieil Iriiiii tliat (il'(,"oii!!rcss. Mnwever, it iiiiu'lit l.iil In iierruoii stuisliicldiily lli« 
 iisci'iil rtinrtidiis ol'ttie U ink dldie I'. S., iis incnriidnilcd liy l:iv , it wciilil uiu-iriii il-lar diil-.ln|i it— m nil '\ir> 
 (liiimfr(i(ls(|(iiilities, ill oMendiiiL' llii' |i(i\\t r, die iiilliieiicc miii die inn ii|itiiiii dlllie (iiiM iiiiii. lit. It w.i-i ii;:|io-sili|e 
 til cdni'.eive liny in^titiiiiiiii iiiiiri^ Milinirihly (■.•iliiihiieil to .■ulviiiice ilies(! iilijei-ts. Nut diily dir xdeiicil li;iiik<, 
 Imt die wliiili' li^'iikini; instiliitiiins 111' till' Cdiiiilry, .■iiiil uidi it tlie eiitiii' iiiniiey innver, lnr the |)iir|iiises et' 
 speiiil iliiin, iieciiliitidn, mid Cdrniiiliiin, wiiiihl he |iliiceil under the Cdiitldl iil' the ll\eiiili\i.'. .A >\>ieiii iil' 
 nii'ii.u'i's and pripliiises will ho eslahlisliod— nt iiiniaL'o M the lianks in imsM'ssiim ill" the d.'iid-iite-, hut \\ hicli 
 iiii;;ht iidl lie eiltir";ly »nlis(!rvielit In IvvecnliM' views ; and iiy iirninise iil' I'litMre l;iviir< tn tlinse wild iiiny nut 
 a.s yet enjiiy its liiviir^. Iletwecn Ihe twn, Ihe Hanks wmild he lel't wilheiil liillie nrr. leiiKir, nr hoiic.'.lv; 
 
 A.SIl A '~YSTKM IlK ^l'l:( ri.ATlllN AND STOCK .IDIlIUMi Wllllll (IIMMKM K. INliJl AM.hn IN Till: ASNAI.S (IK dlK 
 
 ( iiCN I'UY. 1 Tear they liave alri'ady (■iiiiiiiieni"d I Tear die iie-ni-. u liiih have hii'M |iia iniu dm haiuK nl' the 
 liiiiniins dl' power hy the reiiiiivai nl' die depusits. ami pliciii:; diriii in Ihe vaMlH nf di'|ii'iiil int haiikv, 
 liavi: eMeiiileil llieir inpidily tii the piililir laiiih. partiiiilirlv in die Miiidiwe-I ; and thai to dii-. we iiui-i .iiiri- 
 bale tne receiil iilieniiiiien.i in Ihit ipi irlei — i\imvn-ik ash \mcaiii.v: iuai rs (i>- i.anp .soi.ii at siniiir Noii' k 
 -SAl.t'.S Fit \fl)l'l-t'.\"l'l,V l'(iSI'l'i).\i;i)'fO .AIICI'IIK M'.;('i;i,\l'nllS: with wlnrli, il lam nut nii^- 
 inloriiK-il, 11 11 line not linknnwii to this liody ((iwiiij has perliirined a piianineiil |i ut. A^ to stork Jolihint;. dii.i 
 new lUTant'eiiifiit will open a Held wliicli llndisihilil liiin-ell' in i\ envy. It li'.s heeii roiia.i h d '.v orU -very 
 lianl. nil doiihl liy the joliher- in ^tock wild have heen ei,'_'.ii!eil in alti'iiipl: In r.ii''e or dl■pre^•< the price i,|' 
 I'niled Slates H ink Slink ; hut no work will hi; iinir.' easy than to raise iir depress tin," pdn iil' the -^lock iirihi'' 
 ulecied hanks, nl the pleiiMire id' the I'.xfeutive. .\dlliini! more will he reiiMin d llian to uiM- or i\ illihold i|(>- 
 luisitcs — Id draw, iir iihslaiii Irnlti drawiim warr.ints-' -tn painpei- tin in at one lime, mid .sl irve Ihi in al .tnolln i. 
 'I'lldSK WHO WdCl.li UK. IN llO: sia IU;T, ANIl M lid Wol I n IvMIW U MHS 1 (1 III V AMI W111:N ro sKI.l,. Wol'f.n 
 lUVE TIIK MKAN'' OK lll;Al.l/.l N'l DV PKALIVl IN llIK STIK KS WIIATKVKIl Kll-ilsi: 1 MK\ Mldlll I'lKAfOi." 
 
 »'*■ 
 
 ^.'if 
 
k I' ■ 
 
 122 
 
 JACKSON AND HIS FLATTERERS — DUANE AND THE SINECURE. 
 
 . 1. 
 
 P5 .,Ai- ! . 
 
 i^i 
 
 : "I' 
 
 
 purposes, and that the whole proceeding would tend to diminish the confidence of 
 the world in our regard for national credit and reputation. 
 
 On the 20th of Sept., 1833, the Globe announced that the deposites would be 
 removed. i\ext morning Mr. Duane wailed on the Prtsident, and told him he 
 would neither resign olKce nor remove the public money to the pets.* Jackson 
 tried to bribe him, or call it what el.se you please, with the $18,000 bait which 
 so many have swallowed since, the Russian embassy sinecure. " My dear Mr. 
 Duane (said the President), we must separate as friends. Far from desiring that 
 you should sustain any injury, you know I have intended to give you the high- 
 est appointment now in my gift. You shall have the mission to Russia." " I 
 am sincerely thankful to you, sir (replied Duane), for your kind disposition — 
 I desire no new station, and barely wish to leave my present one blameless, or 
 free from apprehension for the future. Favor me with a written declaration of 
 your desire that 1 should leave office, as I cannot carry out your views as to the 
 deposites, and I will take back this letter [in which he had stated the same 
 determination]." On Sept. 23d, General Jackson wrote his resolute officer, 
 *' I feel myself constrained to notify you that your further services as secretary 
 
 Mil a letter to Juse|)Ii Necf, Sept. :W, 1h3^<, Mr. Duane said uf Cieiieral Jackson, " His 
 inclinnticjns were pntrioiic, I'lil his passions were undisciplined. Of both, designing men tooiv 
 the advanlaijc. 'J'lic |iosH-ssion of power pRKJuced adulalinn and ser\'ility, and ihcse into.vi- 
 cated the President, as Uiey had btnviliicied a-ieaier men. He ruuld not bear I'ontradiction, 
 and was Jiiniscif o\'crc(iiiii' by ihc hist of (nen-iiinin'j-. Al ii'ni,'th a viniticijve s-pirit niinc^icrj 
 
 itself witli ll'cliM'T> whi'jli. if well rc^'uliiicil. would h.i\'' bci'ii honourable and useful. 
 
 The I'residtnt. while he fincied his will wa^ llie irui* spring' of action, was but a purveyor fur 
 llie ambitious and scllish ini-ii around liini. While dcclaiiiiinj,' aijainsf abuses of the bank, lit- 
 was assisting spccidaiurs in po!iiii-s, siork.-. and lands [such as Wright, F'utler, Yoiuig, Van 
 Bup'n, Marcy. Kendall, il")!, .Slilwcll. Siephi-n Allen. Hlalr. (.'anilnelencr, Wetmore and 
 Swart^'ouij 10 graiily their ii\\ n rapaeiijusness. 'I'hc noiiun ihal his rlandt'stine assnciat»-^ 
 (Kendall, Whimey. Hlair. Ovc.J weic sluicived at ihc nansacticms otihc bank, oi' at the wantot' 
 morals; in <JonLTcss, is picpo.Mcmu-,." 
 
 'I'lie Mayseille ICaglc piiblisiicd a private Iciti i- fioin Mr. Duane to a gentleman in Mawn 
 eounty, Keniucky, daicd fhihuiclpnia, (Jei. 17, IK'iU, as follows: 
 
 " IJiar Sir : I hiivn just ncnv riTcivi'il your loilrr of Itic lOlli instaiil, cxprcssinir yniir approliulion of luv 
 CLiiirse its Si'i'.rt'liiry oi tiif Tnasnry. I liuve iihviiys lit'cii, :iiiil ;\iii, npiiu-icd to tlii^ f. S. Hunk, nml to ;ill "■iicfi 
 ;trisU)cn.tic. iiDimpoiiis ; hiu. I ciinNi.Uiiil tlio roimmil iii' ihe d'-posiU's iiiiii('( essiiry. iiiHvisc, viiidiilhc, nrlii- 
 tniry nnd imjust. I In licvcd Ihiii tli,' licv tine in tht; Scrretiiry nf the 'I'rfiisury. niul iint to the I'rcsidcni, dis- 
 crfiUon oil tlu" (iiiesiion : iind 1 would not mt to olilipr the I'ri'sidcnt nor iiny liody else u lien I lliiui;;lit it iiii- 
 proper to ilo ^o. i ncMT .Hski'il iiliri' -I !or<'pifil It ri'liiciiinily, mid w,is rt'iiiovid lor ;in lion('>t di-i-iiiiri-'o of 
 my duly. IT to kctp oilier luid $ii(M)0 a yi':ir, I liiid L'ivrn up my .joiimiicnt, 1 should have lirou|.'ht shiiiiie upon 
 Ihe jiray hMii" ol'iiiy liilher. ioid ui"(n my Muiiieroiis chiiilreii ; so that I am content to return to hiindile Im.' 
 with a iramjuil mliid. \V. .(. Dia.nk.'' 
 
 "Mr. Duane was disinis.Md (say Hlalr. Van Huvcn and Kendall, througli Ihe Globe of 
 Niiv. 1!>) lor f'aiihle-^iu.'ss to his Milcum wrilieii jiltdgcs, ;ind lor the exhibiliun of bad teelings 
 which made jiim toially until l^r the sialiun lo which he liait been elcaled. lie was nut dis- 
 missed iiii'iely I'or refusini.'- to leiiiove the ficposites.'' Heniv < 'lay explained the thing tmii't.' 
 clearly in inie of his spccdies. " A snii (said he) of one of the iaihers ui democracy, bv an 
 admiriisiration profe.->sing to be demoi'iaiic, was expelled fruiii oilii'c, iuid his place supjilicd, 
 by a fe.itlenuin, who. thniii<rhiiul his whole career, has Ir'cii uniloinily opposed lodcuiociac\ ,' 
 -Mr. Taney was read}' I" nbljo-e \V;ill street. Uoyt. Hiiiler. Lnwrcnce and Cambreleiig. i.;y re- 
 moving iniin) millioiisi.t' dollars I'rcim a bank wlinse paper circulaicd throughout tlie I'nion ami 
 abroad, to weak t'.-inks whose lolN had unl\ a local circuluiiidi, and of wiiose stock the rnieii 
 held not a itollar. 
 
 Flattery sent Napoleon to .\[o:.e,,\y— it induced .lacKsoii to disini'<s Duane, to cause his 
 characier lo be (r;idnccd. and lo cliiiir to Kendall, Van Hiircn, Hlair and Butler, who had 
 niocKed and sneeied at his |mc|ciisjiiiis ;is a candidtiie for the presidency in IH-.'ll and 'Jl, 
 while Ihe Dutincs, tiaher and son, witc tiijlirdiiu: him iheir unboiight, ilisjnierested and powci- 
 t'lil siippfu't. Ill Aucrusi, IKW, Van f-liucu had Ihrc" Safety Fiinil (Minimis.sjoners — Amos 
 Kendall was despaiidieii fjoni Wiisiiiniflon as ('oininissioner tiie fourth — James (jJordoii 
 Bennett was his erony— they ipiarrelled — Bennett published Kendall's juiv.tte oorrcspondeiici'^ 
 with him, adding, iliat " assuming at times the spirit of enthusiasm for libcrtv, and purity oi 
 •'piirpo.se, you [Kendall] contrive to hide purposes of the deepest avarice, and lo conceal the 
 "mcbt unshrinking ferccity toHiirds those wlo; presume to cross your path." 
 
 cf the treasurji 
 remained a full 
 jjliant supplenc 
 fls Chief Justi( 
 
 as 
 
 jesisted Van B 
 tion .' No, in 
 
 Polk and the 
 Banks. — Vn 
 and Ten Jk 
 J. Hoyt. — / 
 in Conventla 
 Stocks and . 
 liuren — beg[ 
 
 The history 
 conspicuous ac 
 
 * James Kno> 
 H'crwards, to reii 
 »n(l generally to; 
 01 1'ountenanee. 
 Jiis voliimc, it ni 
 eiiiiy liff!. 
 
 The Democrati 
 Carolina, Nov. 2 
 years okl. SoiUL 
 |iam3 was Polloc 
 ^.-ideJ ill Maryl, 
 jiiiJrew Jackson 
 Jl.at "aciiizcii u 
 Ji'ss, more energ 
 tut live." 
 
 Mr. Polk's fall 
 JaiiDs K. was in 
 Jhmily, had to loi 
 ;K. is die oldest o 
 lion near Itis lion 
 %■ a surgical opi 
 
 |>dl'.llOUS, pL'l> 
 
 |i;holar. In I Hi; 
 
 Was admided as 
 
 Jfrved as clerk 
 
 ti'sidoiicc, and in 
 
 'Itauk, he kept lii^ 
 
 if'ter Van Bmen 
 
 tlu Tcmiesscans 
 
 ^ii'J the daiighur 
 
 lut-d and bo:in 
 
 Mutations, (piict, 
 
 hours. Mr. Poll 
 
 fresbytorians, 
 
 crii'ingnoducll 
 
 at'ongre.ss, and 
 
 u Sept., 1837. 
 
 n.lustrious, and 
 
 le receivevi a vol 
 
SECURE. 
 
 he confidence of 
 
 posites would be 
 und told him he 
 
 pets.* Jacksou 
 S,000 bait which 
 
 " My dear Mr. 
 rom desiring that 
 ve you the high- 
 10 Russia." " I 
 ind disposition — 
 »ne blameless, or 
 ?n declaration of 
 r views as to the 
 stated the same 
 
 resolute officir, 
 ices as secretary 
 
 ■ral Jackson, " His 
 ck'.signin;^ men took 
 ty, and ihfs'.' iiiloxi- 
 bcar coiiiradiction, 
 ■li\'<' .'■■piiit min^'lt'd 
 
 iiid iisotul. 
 
 s hill a piuvevur fur 
 iscs oi' ilie bank, lit- 
 P.nilt'f, Youiii,', Van 
 U'lv^, Wetmoir and 
 indi'stim' ass()c^iatf'>; 
 Ilk. or at till' want of 
 
 rcnlleman in Mawn 
 
 lur aii|ir(ili:itiiin of iiiy 
 . Hiitik, mill li> :ill '■"I'll 
 iiwiM', vindiitlivc, arlii- 
 It to Iho rrcsidiiii, ilis- 
 ,\\u:n I llimciit it nil- 
 
 111 llllllOl <li-l'lliir|IO r)t' 
 
 vp hnniijlit ^lllllll^■ \l|Kin 
 rotiirn tn liiiiiihlc Im.' 
 
 \V..I. Ul A.NK.'' 
 
 oii-rli the Globe ol' 
 
 iliuii olbail t'oi'liiii.'s 
 
 Ht3 was nut dis- 
 
 ed tiie ihiiis^ iiMMt; 
 I di'iiiorracv. b\ an 
 
 1 his |)ia<'i' siipjilicd. 
 
 IIOM'd Icjdl'lIlUCIUi-'V.' 
 
 I ('amliivl('ii2;. iiy vf- 
 ghoutlhe I'liion ami 
 use stock the riiion 
 
 Diiaiie, to oaiist! his 
 mid BulhT. who had 
 icy ill lH-j:i and "Jl, 
 iiiiTi'stcd and |:owcr- 
 iiiiiiis.sioneri^ — Amos 
 ilh — James Gordon 
 v.tte coirc.spoiidf'iici' 
 iberty, and jnirity ot 
 arui to r'onceal the 
 
 'I' 
 
 JAMES KNOX POLK. 
 
 123 
 
 of the treasury are no longer required." And from that day to this, Duane has 
 remained a full private ; while Taney, his successor, as the recompense of his 
 pliant suppleness in a dishonest cause, has ascended to the seat of John Marshall, 
 as Chief Justice of the Union ! Does any one suppose that Taney, had he 
 resisted Van Buren & Co.'s spoliation scheme, would have received that promo- 
 tion .' No, indeed. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 Polk and the Pels. — Po//c'.9 Early Life. — Bank Defaulters. — Griswold on the 
 Banks. — Van Bitren''s Pollcifin 1837. — ^Mechanics'' Bank. — Marcyh Mortgage 
 and Ten Million Bunk. — Van Buren, Lawrence, and Marcifs Mc-ssnge. — 
 J. Hoi/t. — Alez. Wells. — Col. Samuel Young — of Irish descent — a Lawyer — 
 in Convention, 1821 — for Clay — on Hlarc Representation — a dealer in Bank 
 Stocks and Scrips— for Marcy—for Banks — on the Watervliet Bank — on Van 
 Buren — begging for Bank Stock. 
 
 _ The history of the pet bank experiment, in which* Mr. Polk was the most 
 conspicuous actor in-doors, and Mr. Kendall without, would fill a goodly folio. 
 
 * James Kno.'C Polk, President of the United States, labored indefatiL,'ably, in 1833 and 
 ffierwards, to remove the public treasure to the pet banks, put down the United States Bank, 
 >nil generally lofjive success to whatever measures Kendall and Van Buren chose to propose 
 iir I'ountenanee. As 1 sliall iiave to auiice ids votes aiul proceediut;s cm many occasions, iu 
 tiis volum", it may he the proper time now to ,i,'ive my readers a very brief sketch of his 
 tiiiiy life. 
 
 The Democratic Review oi" 1H3S states that he was born in Mccklenburtjii county, North 
 CaroliiKi, Nov. 3, 171).)— he is, therefore, like Silas Wright and B. F. Butler, a little over fifty 
 yeais old. Some accouuis make his ancestors Irish, others Scottish — some say their original 
 |iaine was Pollock, others that it was Polk. )t appciars that his branch of the lamily liaii 
 jesiileJ in Maryland, in Pennsylvania, in North Carolina, and finally removed to Tennessee. 
 jiiiJrew Jackson slated, iu IHIJ, that he had knov/n James K. Polk I'rom his boyhood, and 
 tl.at "a citizen more exiuuplaiy in his nu)ral deporiment, more punctual and e.vact, in busi- 
 joss, more euergetie and nianlv in the expressiou of his opinions, and more patriotic, does 
 lict live." 
 
 .Mr. Polk's (kiher is siili alive — he was a fainier, and removed to Teunes.see in ISOf), when 
 }aiu:s K. was iu liis eleventh year — it is also said that he acted as a surveyor, and, with his 
 ^imily, had lu toil hard for a liviui; in the valley of tin; Duc'.v river, then a wilderness. James 
 ;K. is the oldest often eliildreii — aequirid the rudiin?nts irian F,iigll.-.h and a classical ediica- 
 }ioii near his home, and after years of .suffering from a \eiy painful complaint, was relieved 
 V a surgical operation. He gained high honors at the University of North Carolina — was 
 |."ii!uous, pLM'.- 'vering, and regular iu his atlcmlanee — a good mathematical and elassieal-- 
 icholar. hi \Si'.'., he h:-:rim to study the law with the celebrated Feli.v Grundy, of Nashville, 
 Was adinided as a lawyer of Tennessee in l62^, and was well employed in his line. He 
 irrved as clerk to the Tennessee legislature, wa:s ne.\t a member lor Maury, his place of 
 Itiiiloiioc, and in 1S25, in his 3!)ih year, cl.ijted to Congress. If he was opposed to a national 
 tank, he kept his opinions to himself, for i!ie lirsl two years in which he sat in Congress, but 
 ifter V'aii Buren went to Washington as sci retaiy, lu wit, in Augu.st, 18-j;», he began to give 
 Ihc Tennesseans .some hints about •• the monst;'r.'' Upwards of twenty years since, he inar- 
 iioJ the daughter of Joel Child ns, a merchanl of Rudu! ford county, Tenii., and who had kept 
 lihot'l and boanlingdionse in NorlVdk, Va. Mis. I'olk has no cliildn n — is said to be imos- 
 kiitatious, ipiiet, do n-stic, anil religions — not fon t of show, dancinu', eiissipalion, and late 
 ooiirs. Mr. Polk, Mr. Buchanan, and, if 1 mistake not, Mr. Bancroft, are named as staid 
 Pivshyterians, like Silas Wiight. It is greatly to Mr. Polk's eirdit. that he has the reputation 
 of li-in;; noduellisf, no^'ambler, but a steady opponent to fpicuJnlinii. lie; was futirteen years 
 In (Congress, and two or iliiee of these years Speaker, having been chosen in Dee., 1835, and 
 lu Sept., 1837. No more thorough going party man can hi; found than Poll*— he is \ery 
 liuhistrious, and while oti the rtoor of Congress is reported never to have missed a vote. As 
 le received a vote ol' thanks at the cluae ol' tht» scbiioa of 1837, for lus impartiality us Speaker, 
 
 m: 
 
 J^\- 
 
 
 
I ■ 
 
 124 
 
 KLLCTIONKEKliNG THROUGH TREASURY BANKS. 
 
 
 I-,- •►-• 
 
 r-. y -'^^ 
 
 ! te 
 
 in, : . 
 
 In August, 1836, the banks had about 40 niilliont, without interest — in April 
 about 32 millions. Of these 32 millions, the Union Bank of Tennessee had 
 
 Louis, Mo., $1,471,157 — Girard Bank, Philadelphia, $2,540,910 — Braiiclil 
 Bank of Alabama, IMobile, $1,694,464 — Planters' Bank of Missis.- ippi, Natchez 
 -112,649,596— Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, Detroit, $702,3b0— Bank of I 
 Michigan, $960,364. The influence for Van IBuren's election, exercised by tin 
 state pet banks and the national pet banks, the contracts, the 60,000 fedeiaij 
 offices, the millions of stock thrown into the market as brib(,'s to partisans, 
 the N.i'. Legislature, the land sales made to suit favorites, the custom houses I 
 the post offices, and the state offices and intluence going the same way with tli.;[ 
 federal — these powers, added to the betting, gambling, and electioneering, wiili| 
 the men who ho])ed to get offices, get contracts, gel some advantagi; or other, 
 through Van Buren, surely turned the scale, and with the 77 7 presses in his 
 favor, made him president. His skill lay in marshalling the powers of intriguv 
 corruption, and intimidation, and he succeeded. In Feb., 1S34, the depo.sil<j| 
 were only Hi, millions, of which live millions were in three j>«. Y. banks. TiiJ 
 25 pets had, at this time, more public money free of interest, than they had bi^ 
 in circulation. The Ti'adesmen's, Union, and Lawrence's N. V. State bank.l 
 were iiiade pets in August, 1836 — and we find the (jllobe bv Blair, some ytwA 
 after, complaining that " JilORE THAN 48 MILLIONS OF .DOLLAi;,^ 
 HAD BEl'JN LOST BY THE BA.\K DEFAULTERS" during the war, n 
 1R12. Did not Polk and Van Buren know that just as well in 1S3 1 as in IHIO'I 
 
 I infer thai lie has a jrreal coniniaiul cl" Icinpcr. Hi; is a ready (li'l'.it^r, ni;i ices ion: ai:| 
 aniuiiiled .•^pccclies, and was a /ui.-d vurr/dinj^ le;?islalor. ]t is staled thai lie is ai)out u if 
 inches in liei^^lil, Ihnt, his euantennnee bears the impress of anxiety and cnre, tha' 
 voice is nnmiisienl hiU stroni:, and thai he is elear4ie;ideil. f-rm, ati ntleiuive !i>tener, p 
 posse'^'^od 1)1' a '^vnd ."^hare ot'cdinmon sense. Home say hi'i face is repuhivo, olhers ih;it, i''.| 
 iniere.stini,', and thai in feeliii" a'ld ninntier lie is kind ami eourtcous. Smi) is liis jiicty, t!'il 
 
 Governor Brian 
 missed prnvers. 
 .» 15. F. Hntler. 
 
 p:'porls th;it dnrin-^ the four ynrs In' was n' cojle'^e, \\r (Folic) n'".-:l 
 
 in one of hi-> "ecr. i er.isijes to .Tes'^e Lioyt, about the removal of the depci.o; - 
 dated Feb. 'Ikh, I Ho I, hits this reniarlc, ihat " As lorsnpp.'sinu- thai Newbold, George GriMw! 
 Stephen Whiiiiey, or any of the old fjiieri'l connnereial men, were with n-; on this oceasi' , 
 for any other reason than bee.itise they fonnd it ff;r their iiiieri'st lo .-^lo \\lih ii--, 1 never Jori^n' 
 ' iiiqle instant had such :i!i nnwarr.-.ntahle iilv-.i." j\ 17!. 
 
 In a let!er to .lam"- G. Fvinr, dnied Ts'ew "\'ork', Sej;l. !), I.SIO. Georin' Gri'-wi-M li:;s ili ■; 
 r''ni;.'rK'- : " f r.ever t nilc ray part with the oHieers or m^'iils of ihc ^ovevnr.ient, in eonnsel!'!;: 
 
 advisin'.:. nf rec.iinrnendin'.- the removal ol' the depositee Jn October, I S.'IO, when !■ 
 
 iianl.'s Wi.'.e sniierin',' under :ly' opcr'ifion of ihe di-lributinn l;iu-. and v.-ere <'n the pciii! ' 
 'rtspeadiu'j: specie |Mvnicnis. ;,;id in lie (^pinion of iho-e \\-ho Knew all iln' facts. "Worii'l 
 QAVE SU>!Pi-:NDJ.;r) )7n '..Ks^S than ONK WiU:iv. if n(^t relieved, i <lid -o to Vv',:' 
 iii:;loii, aiid, wilh tli" nid ol others. prc\-;!iied, on the secretnry to posijuine the p:;\ nn'nt ot'dr'. 
 ou this city, .'ind in i:lher v/ays leiicved ibc ImnKs from /i I'.'dl (iT nio'-c tl;;in a uiillieii 
 specie, .{riiOllitlilll of which wi! ; p;i,yiible in i 'n (i.'iys; ennlilin'.r Ihcia lorontinue ; pccu' \k<.\-\ 
 inents, ;;nd increase !hei\' lo;ins t > merclKini-^." 
 
 h thus ajipears t!i;.t the b-inl'-- weiv just as rcaily lo l^rcak in ( id, I." .'{('>. as in ?-"iiy, bX.I 
 That W'lnld ha\e iiiierfeixvd somewh.'it wilh Van I'lU'cn's election, i:iid lemlcped il ri'-ce'-sur 
 f.r Genra! .laekson to malco very material alterations in his farewell ad<lress n".Kt Mnich. 
 
 Van Bnren called a special meetiii'.x of f.'oniyros in the fall of IKiT. and j^ave iiidnlgon f| 
 t) the broken banlcs and merrantil' defaulters — ihat i-. t:i tie' Hiilish and other foreign Ir.id'' 
 and inLinufietnn'v-, and to the !c-n!c of i'lnijlaiul, al die cxiicnse ol' Ihe American people ;.:; 
 their inler'':N. 
 
 In Woodliiu'v': I'M'ort. .vcfomjianyin:.',- lln' pic-ideni's nies;;a;;e, and dated ;'lb 8ept,. I*^.*?*. ' 
 ,'M'iid that w ilh i'e,';.i'f| tut'i'' |ii:t binks, tlicii' .'[iccic^ as compannl to theirciicniation. wartiic'ii' 
 a ; '^'reat in May. HI!?, when llry si^pt, a-^ in Nov. ]<U'>. when they v.-ent on— thnt iV''! 
 immediate niennsj ns compared with iheir iinmedlaie liabilitic--, wa'* n^; on" to two and a hii'fj 
 
 [iiaiiks had oliitel 
 
 
interest — in April 
 ; of Tennessee had 
 ihattan Bank, N.Y 
 anics' Bank, N.V. 
 I its acjcncy at St 
 2,r>io,9'lO— Brancli 
 lississippi, Natclit'z 
 
 U2,3S0— Bank oi 
 0(1, exercised bvtiif 
 
 the t;0,000 feduia! 
 
 i.'s to partisans, Lv 
 tlie cuslom houses 
 same way with tlii; 
 electioneering, wiiii 
 advantage or ollu-i 
 
 777 presses in hi 
 : powi'rs ot'intrigu 
 1S31, the deposit" s 
 ; i\.Y. banks. Ti:; 
 , than tht'Y had bii!j 
 N. V. State bank- 
 H' Blair, some yen.. 
 sS OF DULL A i^ 
 " durinc; the ware; 
 n ISol as in 184U;' 
 
 t'liatrr, ni;il>i's liiir:; ar; 
 hat 111' is ah^'Ul f) !;'.";| 
 ■rirly and cniv, fimt 
 1 ntli'Miivi- !i>ti'nci-, p 
 pubivr, (ilht-rs lliat i"l 
 
 i^llrh is his [licty, l' sil 
 
 ciiKival of the unpc^i!'! 
 vlioJii. Gei)r?p Grisw,! 
 illi us on this occu^-i' 
 will) II--, ! rii:v(T iuri^n-l 
 
 Mnjiicnl, ill coiiTiscl!'!:: 
 >1iib,T. isili), wiiPii: 
 111 v.-.cTO on 111'" [ii'in! 
 :iii the facts, ■WOI'LlI 
 'Vi'd, I did ^'o to V7 >;■'■[ 
 w IIh- |i;:yiiicnt of (lr"| 
 love tiiaii a millini! 
 
 .' I'ontinui' ; jii'i'ic p;!V-| 
 
 ISaC, as in ?.l,iv, l-:t*,| 
 I I'Oiidcird it Ml 1".'^-; 
 iddivss n'-xl Maii'li. 
 I. and •,'av(' indnl^i'n !| 
 lid oiImt forcip-n i]"i:l'':>| 
 ' Anii'i ii'aii people ;;;. 
 
 I.ili'd r)tli Hepl., I^X. ' 
 •I'iicMlation. \va«iic'!i' 
 y wont on — that ih'"' 
 < on'' to two and a Ici"' 
 
 marcy's mortgage message;. 
 
 125 
 
 The public balances in banks, Jan. 1, 1837, were 'j'»-10,9b8,o23 — on the 1st of 
 Jan., 183S, it was estimated that the balance was $34,187,143, but of that sum 
 Van Buren computed that only $1,085,498 were available. 
 
 Perhaps the most artful and dishonest proposition made to the Legislature of 
 V.Y. in 1834, was by Governor Marcy, on the 24th of March, to lend the 
 banks five or six millions ; borrow the irioneyon a mortgage of all the property 
 in the state, by the issue of state due bills ; and, if necessary^ charter a ten mil- 
 lion bank in the city of N.Y. The pretext for doing this was, that the U. S. 
 Bank was harassing the state institutions.* Of course this was untrue, and he 
 
 and as this was greater man the nsual raiio in (lie Itcsi of times widi lianKs havin'.^ large 
 ileposites, he assured Congress that their failure was not generally anticipated. 
 
 He admitted that the hanl<s failed withoui cause, to malie gain at the i)ul)lii: expi'n^^c, on the 
 lOiuiliions due to the nation. As to the merchants' iiomls fur duties of whicli they luid gol. 
 ■ ix months credit through a iiad law, and reali/ed and sent the cash to Englaml and Franc, 
 ton? before that term expired, to help foreii,'ii trade at the expense el' Ameriean credit and 
 I'urrcncy, he said th;it Van Buren, witlioui aiiv law, had driven thi.'in a fiuther credit from 
 May to Sept.. less or moi-e (that they niitriu he enabled to export the niori' specie). I'he goveni- 
 iiieiit was hanivrupl — it had nominally many niillioiis, but Van FUircii and l'(,>llv's treasury 
 'r,aiiks liad clutched the whoh'. and iieki mi with a death grip. 'I'Jie hanl.s had given security, 
 •^0 Woodbury atlirms — so the Globe boasted when Callioun doubled their solvency — then they 
 .ould be insured for a half per cent. ! 
 
 Tiie govTrninent should havt' borrowed ten, twelve, fourteen millions of dollars, or whatever 
 Mini in liard specie would have saved it from the ileep disgrarc of od'erina; its creditors orders 
 .'n broken bank's in payment of lawtiil debts, on contract or otherv ise, which it knew would 
 K;paid, if paid at all, in a currency from to lij per cent, below real money, which diflcrenco 
 ihey would divide as plunder, Mhile the honest debtor was cheated and the government. 
 i!is2;raced. 
 
 It appears that while the rev-eime was raise 1 tVom the payments of many merchants, those of 
 ihcin who had to borrow had often to pay two per cent, a monih, while the bank's and brolccr.s 
 had the u^e ot 'J') to 10 millions without inteicst. .Some years ago the Alb. D. Advertiser 
 ^lidthat •■ the Mechanics' Hank, N. Y., receiuly I'ound. that more than a million of dollar-s of 
 its til ml; had been most illegitimately used.' 'I'lie Alb. AruHis remarks on this, that it mur^t 
 r.''fiTt() tiansuctions of \H'.M, jiisi before the hank's became haakriint, and that it' it were f^o, it 
 <lunved ''that at a lime \vheii ihc bank had |)i~rliaps two millions (if the publi'; money, instead 
 oi' ?rantiii!r proper aecoinniodatioiis to the regular Ini-^incss of the city, more than a million of 
 lollars had been used, .■rohably, either in loans to speculator-^, or to brokers, who shaved the 
 notes of merchants at and .'J per cent, per month.'' 
 
 ^ At tliis time, Vun lltiren, through the Arms, exelainied (Feb. 17), '• Let that man, or that 
 n'^wspaper, which ailenipts to disturb the public conhdencc in the banks, or in the merchants, 
 bemark'i:d as an enemy, and treated as icli." Such was their reckless cour.se, that the 
 uiiule of the sixty-nine Safely Fund Ban'^ had cmly two millions of ilollars on the 4th of 
 .March, to meet nearly thirty-live millions or debts, over thirty of which were due on demand. 
 Is it not clear that they wore men^ machines to do the executive will ? Could not the servile 
 Taney, at the notl tif his superiors, have brolfc them any day in the year ? They had not 
 ono dollar in cash to sixteen of debts! A Safely Fund indeed! Well m'vihl the l>u(Ialo 
 iJominercial exclaim of Mai'cy and his colleague.-;, that "To humbu'.: the people, to use the 
 nnwer to repay [larlisan serviees withou! r.'icard to litue-s for station, to succeed in a stock 
 ;;ai:ihlin'.: operation, and to make honorable men the innocent means of boNteriiiLr up an in- 
 :?olv'ent bank, seems to be the end and jiurpose ui" the se\'eral actors. Rut th ' ma.-di" is re- 
 moved, and the disguises strip|)ed otfby tiieir own liniuis." Turn to Stejdien Allen's instrtic- 
 liuns toil'iyt, No.-Jll, page'JII, for aTainmany lianlv of the Snfeiy Fund order; and .say 
 whether that letter iloi's not strip the mask in right earliest o(f Van I'nren's llcceivcrGcueral 
 of the Sub-Treasury, who had llnough life assumed the garb of a hard-nionev democrat ' 
 Turn next to f\i). -Jlil, jiage •_>:)',).] John Van Buren's letter to Hoyt, dated Saturday, Marcli 
 IJ, XH'Si, the d;iy on whicli Alarey wrote and i> .i(:;l his mortgage message, "vhich he withheld 
 lioui th' Icgislatui-e till \ronda\ the 'Jlth. May not that lucssagL' hav(! been of Olcotl it 
 Co.'d inanufactiiie I Van iluren tells that it was got up to " charm you Yorkers—Lawrence 
 will run like the cholera.'' Lawrence ha 1 betrayed his consiitn.-nts, was dcei'ly versed in 
 stocii jobbin'.r, had become rather unpopulai-, and the message was needed to gi't him elected 
 (j.er Verplanck by any majority at all. If i\T:ircy told John Van ntiren on tie,' ;2'.'d about his 
 iiii'ssagf? that was to afiei't the public stocks, so th;u lie miihi eniplov ilo^•t to buy .•ft'].'), 01)1) 
 worth on .Monday, and sell out 'Mx Alondtiy week, ^i'l^OO", or ,';^l.,'>0') riclier through the secret, 
 
 ' ' ; ; 
 
 ~-V 
 
 :»•;. 
 
 "Tit 
 
 
 ^ ::i 
 
jf 
 
 
 il 
 
 126 
 
 AVARICE HA^ NO COMPASSION, GAIN NO BOUNDS 
 
 1 K •.'-■ 
 
 i' * 
 
 \-^ ■: 
 
 l-> 
 
 knew it, but he was the confederate of Hoyt, Allen, Lawrence, Van Buren 
 Olcott, and the base clique of stock-jobbers who then (as now, 1 fear) controlled 
 the monied allairs of the Union. Eleven or twelve millions of dollars had been 
 withdrawn by Taney and Kendall, ♦Voin the United States Bank and branches 
 and six millions and a half hud been, by Jackson's order, lent to the favorite 
 banks of Van Buren, in N.Y., to lend out, but no interest was charged to them. 
 They had the use of about ^800,000 of other U.S. monies. They had in their 
 custody between two and three millions of the funds of the state. They had 
 eight and a half millions on deposit for safe keeping by individuals. They owed 
 the^nited States Bank at least a million. They had lent out their capital — lent 
 their credit in the form of bank notes, some twelve millions — and also lent the 
 above twenty-one millions of borrowed cash — and yet they growled, grumbled, 
 and stormed, insomuch that the Bank Junto at Albany and their confederates in 
 ISew York, sot Marcy at work to influence the gamblers" or stock market, and 
 affect the elections, by a moonshine message or proclamation in which it was 
 proposed to mortgage the farms and oilier property through the state for another 
 five or six millions, and lent! that also to the Safely Fund Banks. It may seem 
 incredible, but most true it is that, under these cireumstances, did Polk's present 
 war secretary present the state with the prospectus of his mortgage. Morris. 
 now postmaster at .New York, was in the Assembly, hard at work pushing 
 through the annual batch of Sandy Hill charters, for the good of the party and 
 gain of the initiated. The Dramatis Persona" played their parts well. Our 
 circuit .judge, Edmonds, in the senate, and our postmaster, Morris, in assembly, 
 moved the reference of Marcy's grave suggestions to a joint committee, and wiih 
 Angel, Livingston [C Ji.] and two or three dittoes, fonned the committee. 
 
 is it not 0(|urtlly probable lnai lif travc <vjpii's to Olcott. Allon, Butler, Corninjj, Croi^wi'li 
 Wfiijht, LawrciK'v', ;hiI the uMut il'"aler.s in iiolitics, ii> (>iialile lliein to take time by the fori' 
 lock? Van BufcnV; inc-'^as'e !'> Hoyt, wiili his ■' 1 I'cjir siiH-ks will rise alter Monday," s-huw'i 
 hr-v a stocl.'-johhini? band of liypocrilcs, in lutwcr, made lorluni's ton years .t?o. Is it, not verv 
 
 Erihahle thai o;tr Auoriiey Gcncrnl mad-' mnnv ihousMtids, with his frictul.s, by doing wiiii 
 is fath'T^s me'-su^-es when Prcsifiont, as lv.> had with Marcy's when Governor { Why diXN 
 ho curse and I)laspheme at Itoyt (or not havinsr always spare cash to be used in his'stock- 
 jramlilinc;: ! Was the coUecforship bi'siowcd on that nnprint ipletl protli^ate in order thai th" 
 Van Buren family miLrhi be provided for out of .lesse's siili-ireasury ! If J arn blameable lor 
 printing t/tcf: secrets, us a warning' lor the convoniioii, pray, Col. Young, is not Marcy a 
 thousand limes more censurable inr telling s/a/r. seen/s, that our cuown lawyers may niak'; 
 fortunes oul of them '! The Arirus and the Mvoning Po^t of 18:}1. like Marcy's message, tHi 
 ns of pr-vation.bankrupicy, and public distress. As the contractor near Patrick Henry couM 
 only cry, " money, moiii'v, beef, iiccf." our Atuirney fienera! Van Buren could only think of 
 scrip, slocks, ami hocus-|io:.-us. If money, gain, avarice, were uppermost in his youihliil 
 mind, in 1831, how keen must his scent be now atler the dollars ! In Ihlidhe was borrowin? 
 of the liiinks and speculating with Hoyl sml (Suiting. See page 'i^i. In June, 18.1(!, ThonKi> 
 W. Olcoli was re-elected President of the Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank, Albany; Elbcr! 
 Olcoll was its cashier, C. K. Duilley its Vice President. On the fjih of June, 18;}7, this bans 
 which had got iwo millions (ji' the ileposiics to usi.- Jinlin'oi'sli/ ixfoir, the Presiili nH<d (lection, 
 but had found it profnablc to stop payment, made j. Van Buren a ('irector, and, I think, iis 
 Aitorney. •■ P»,ivelaiions had recoully co ae lo light,'' said Mr. Wells of N. Y., in the Assem- 
 bly, ai Albany, Feb. "l^t, I81(i, " which na us into a side view of the piety, linaiice, and politi- 
 cal trickerv oi' the Regency ; and could the curtain be einiiely litt<'d, a sight wotild be wituc-s- 
 . d wli''"li would increase' a hundred fold tlu' abhorrence with whieh ilie people now view 
 Albany and Albany influence. He would kill ilie Argus in its old age as he would strangle 
 file Atlas in its birth.' 
 
 I don't like these state loans and national loans to individuals and chartered concprns. 
 They are iinolher word Ibr gills; the country rarely sees its cash again. "Of all creditors, 
 the State is the unhvkiest." Good security and regular instalments to be paid with intereM; 
 no loss lo fall upon the pul)lic. It reads very well, but has a false quarter, if the security i*^ 
 good there are lenders enough, without taxing the million to enable the party uppermost to 
 accommodate their friends, or John Van Uurcii's, or loearn their thousands by future Marcys' 
 messages and mortgages. 
 
 When I read* 
 leneral Van B 
 ncloaked, 1 c« 
 ,,)ce published 
 
 Coi.ovni, Samu 
 „. what 1 once b',. 
 [eserve erring hu 
 inuJ as the Israel 
 eir tiino, h-^"'^ ii 
 (. has been an 
 ■^Miiy vcai"* voted 
 1 ciecie.t Senator 
 ii-slarci-y princi] 
 ■ri'.,'Iu and Van 
 ijvelv empl^'ved 
 .lut'bsil, Vouii; 
 d qualities are 
 iiiiii's an 1 L'tvat < 
 orrcct judgment 
 Colonel .S. Vo.m; 
 or Oil both ]) ' 
 c,,-, which, like 
 IV .is adiniited ar 
 .1 ailini:iisi]-aiiur 
 ],iviic^ of the p^T 
 hii. Van Buren 
 aii.l the sain,' i 
 iwii of olfices n 
 ii!fil with a si'ai ' 
 radiiiu: liir hii'i' l> 
 On llie "Jjlh ofSi 
 (>-t'L'll!i''n of the ' 
 r speaker, an I A 
 i'j, as a 'rcpirlili 
 lii'st, voting for 
 II ire enl'red 
 'iir hail bvM'ome 
 Mie services tha 
 Miijikins, suppoi 
 iron did. 
 n ISllt, Cwl. S, 
 pjH'ii ot' Van I5u 
 »:\- o|ip(isitioii I I 
 \ses di'iiounc.'d 
 'xtyear, (ISJin 
 arwlasa candiiui 
 :',n'y, and assisie 
 'iKigh the cau"u- 
 naic, at Waslriir 
 At the Stale (J. 
 [losed the idea ol 
 ■., IxBcause they ' 
 Mic ni:n, a degr 
 ':U)r is in dtiiy In 
 n by the people ( 
 niii-i Van Bur'r 
 '^1? gieal rneasui 
 w e.\eti--c their o 
 'ji'ised to induce 
 riv of Van Btire 
 ■ Witt Clinton 
 ;ep[ according ic 
 m% the nncheel' 
 able lo sign hio 
 
JNDS 
 
 rrence, Van Buien, 
 /^ 1 fear) controlled 
 of dollars had been 
 Bunk and branches, 
 lent to the favorite 
 IS charged to them, 
 They had in their 
 e state. They had 
 duals. They owed 
 ; their capital — lent 
 — and also lent the 
 growled, grumbled, 
 heir confederates in 
 r slock market, and 
 on in which it was 
 he slate for anothtr 
 inks. It may seem 
 , did Polk's present 
 mortgage. Morris, 
 J at work pushinj; 
 od of the party and 
 r parts well. Our 
 lorris, in assembly, 
 ommitloe, and willi 
 the committee. 
 
 er. Corninar, Cro^iWcli 
 take time by the (ore- 
 alter Monday," .vhuwi 
 ars.')?o. Is it. not ven- 
 friends, by doing wiih 
 jiovernor ( Why dos 
 I be used in his.stock- 
 lii^'.ite in order that ih- 
 
 It I am blameable lb:' 
 oung, is not Marcy a 
 N lawyers may miik> 
 ' Marcy's message, teli 
 ir Patrick Henry coulii 
 ?n could only th"in\' i>i 
 rrnosi in his youihlii! 
 IMliCi he was borrowin? 
 Ill June, I83(i, ThoiiKi- 
 t'.ank, Albany; Klbofi 
 ' June, 1837, this hant 
 /ic Pirfi(l< ntial t/crtioii, 
 reetor, and, J think, iis 
 il' N. Y., in the Asscm- 
 'ty, fnianee, and poliii- 
 ^iglit would be wituess- 
 
 ih(! people now view 
 e as lie would stranglo 
 
 id chartered concprns, 
 tin. "Of all oredilors, 
 ) lie paid with interest; 
 ter. h' the security is 
 the party uppermost to 
 ands byfmurcMarcys' 
 
 COLONEL SAMI;EL YOUNG. 
 
 127 
 
 When I read* Colonel Young's strictures on my publication, wherein Attorney 
 eiieral Van Buren's improper conuuct in this mortgage business is partly 
 iicloaked, 1 confess I felt some surprise, but the following correspondence 
 iice published fully explains everything. The pali'tut who, while he was 
 
 » Cii'.ovRr. Samukt. Yoln'o has some valuable qualities; and if he is not what I could wish, 
 (ij what I once believed liini to be, let il not be forgolien that ihe Faiernosier asks heaven lo 
 re-crve erring lunnaniiv Irom leinpiation ; anil, thai iSamnel Young has, for about as Itinj 
 
 ■'^ ,o,.i:..,. ..".I „ .1 :i I ,1...: „ r<„.,„,... .i.„ f\ 
 
 jvL'lv eiuplf'veil in discDnra^ing ilie propnsiijon lor a sinieeonveniion to amend ilieeuns;itu 
 .iol"l'''-l, \oiuig oain," b.iLlly llirward in the loreiiiost rank' of its advueaies. AVheiher his 
 d q lalilies are sliaiL' I (Uer wiili failings iind ineonsjsieneies, wliieh his aeknowledired 
 jiiii'js an I L'r.^at eiiergv of eliaraeier scarce ai.uiie tor, 1 am not perhaps in a position to form 
 liTcct jiidgineiil. 
 
 Colonel iS. Vu uig siati s iliat hisanee-tors, (how far back', or whi'lher<m the father or molher's 
 \oro.i both?) ueie li(ini Irclan 1. In his yo.iili, I am told, lu' was empioyeil in larming 
 ;,<, u'liicli, like W. il. Ci'uuMi'id, he i.'xclian:,'! il lor ilii' law. in the August term of !m07, 
 rt.is adiniited an Attorney of the Siijiremi- (Jonit of iliis iSiaie — and, beiny- I'avorabie to ihe 
 e:i ailiniiiistraiiun, ilie council of appviininvnt, [Clintoni-inJ in Mari'h, IHOrt, appointed him 
 f the p.^ace lor IJallsum, in Sarp.ioga coiuuy, with .Inlui VV. I'aylcii-. " 
 
 |;^tiC'^ ol the p.^ace lor IJallsum, ui ^arp.ioga coiuuy, wiili .lului VV. laylcii'. Un the same 
 Niili, Van Buicn was presented with the olliceol Surrogate of Columbia. Young was thus, at 
 >,ni.l the sam • tlm', an atiorn/y to pk-ad, and a judge in the primary court of his town, a 
 lioii of olliees not to l>e eonimended, any more than Van liiiren's Aliorney-generalship, 
 
 .. J ...:.I. r, . ,, Il.r, l.,,.,nK ..r llw, ( '.,,,,.1 .,1' I.',.../., 1^.1 1I..I hs.rol n..r,. ,■:..,, ..T .. .^ . . , . ., . n I I . .. 
 
 with a s.'ac on the bench of the Court of Errors, anit the legal practice of a counsellor, 
 fn'iiii:,' lot' hiri' beture his own i.otal. 
 
 }ii ilic "ijth of Sept. \hl\, a legislature, friendly to Madison's administration, and a vigorous 
 
 i-tvMiii'.n of the war with lMii;km(!, met at Albiiny; and ih'- Assenfnly chose Samuel Young 
 
 r speaker, an I Atiroii Clark, since Mayor ot' N. V., their clerk. Yoimg was tirst chosen, in 
 
 •j. as a ■ republican' nirnd)er of the Assembly, for Saratoga, and gave a linn support to the 
 
 iii'st, voting for Malisonian elci'iois and a'-jainst Clinton. Lately, in Senate, he said, that 
 
 II lie ent'red pid)lic iile he hud a tlom'ishing law business, with toar students, two of 
 
 ■III liad bi^cenie distinguished ji'.dges of the Stale; ;ind tlial he had nia^ no more by his 
 
 ;ilic services than he wiuild have- done it' he had refused oliice. He was the .steady friend of 
 
 flipkins, supiiorted Clinton lor Governor in IS17, and turned against him when Van 
 
 iron idd. 
 
 In 18t'.), Col. S. Yoiiny was a candidate foi- the wiTice oi' U. S. Senator, and received the 
 PjH'itof Van Huren, who well knew thai he would not lie elected. Both of them avowed 
 M' opposition I I Iliiiiis Kiu'j:, the Sentitor whose term was a.bout to expire, whom their 
 NsesdeiKumcid .'i- a ledeiali-.i, ilujugh V;in P»ui'eu or his t'liciids had elected him in 1813. 
 xt^'ear, (fS;*!),') Van jjiircn and .Marcy wrote a eainphlri in favor of King — Young disap- 
 .livitasa. candiiuiie. wleeled into line with linger .Skinner, Bi'iij. IJutler, '\'ales. Van Buren and 
 !ioy, and a.ssisted lo elect Ivin.: lor anoher si.\ years; and at tin; ne.xi vacancy. Van Buren, 
 High ihe caucus systimi, and the aid of King's I'riends, was s-Mii lo accompany King, in the 
 naic, ai Wasliiiigton. 
 
 At Ihe Slate Convention, I.VJI, Young, whom Hammond calls an upright, faithful man, 
 \>0)<\[ the idea of giving tin,' black popiiiation votes tor governor, senators, assemblymen, 
 ■„ l)ee- " " ■' - -• ....,.!.. ,• .■..!„.. .-.1... _ 1 
 
 iiiio 1 
 
 orisj _ ^ ,, , , .,. 
 
 n by the people of their justices of the peace, ainl mayors of cities, but supjiorted with ability 
 
 iiiiiM V;ui Buren, the presi'iu .system of universil suiir; j. In IS'iti, when Clinton bixtuj ' 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ero 
 
 I the idea of giving tlii! black popiiiation votes tor governor, senators, assemblymen, 
 
 "ause they were; ignorant, and iherelbre unlit lo judge of the conduct or character of 
 
 mn, a degra'.icd race, and, as yet, incapable o( worthily exercising the duties which an 
 
 , .,. is ill duly bound to di>eharge for the common welfare. He opposed, in 1«'21, the elec- 
 
 1 by the people of their justices of the peace, ainl mayors of cities, but supjiorted with abili"- 
 
 liiiM Van Buren, the presi'iu .system of universal suiir; j. In IS'iti, when Clinton broug 
 
 ■cgieat measuies agtiin b tore the jieojile. Young supported both. Young and Van Burt 
 
 '.■ exeiisc their opposition in IhJI lo several popuhir amemiments, by saying that they we 
 1 ... .'...I .L,. ., I.. :.. ,. .' 1...1. ,. ..'t.,,: „,„.,..■. I., . I -un,,, li...., ,i;,i •> 
 
 IV exeiisc then* op , , , .. . , 
 
 rji'wd to induce the peoph; to reject the whole constitution, as amended. Why then did the 
 
 ilion of Judge Kent and 
 
 ' -" *" 'I I ~ • "^ If— — 7 -.' 
 
 , to induce tht! peoph; to reject the whole coustitutio'ii, as amende 
 
 '■V of Van Bnren ;ind Young then oppose the common sen>e piopos''' 
 
 li 
 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 i 
 
 ■.If 
 
I t 
 
 I I 
 
 128 
 
 YOUNG FOR CLAY— HIS OPKRAVIONS WITH THK BANKS. 
 
 ,1 'I 
 
 J J, 
 
 I , *;»» 
 
 
 :} 'i , 
 
 
 seeking the; public approbation by the most ultra denunciations of what he cailti 
 a corrupt system, stood a steady beggar at every new bank door to SOLICIT 
 share of the " unclean drippings," was not likely to favor such exposes as min- 
 If it was \'an Buren and Butler's turn to-day, it might be his own to-morrow 
 
 wJio caiimii ivad cither Dur laws or consiiiutioiis — wlio sees in the recorded votes of conpri., 
 men in prim, (nily Micii scratches as a lieu and chickens niiirht have imprinted with their i- 
 on the jonriial liciorc him — is a vcn uravc and scriixis one — uiielher the mairs slviii is u 
 or black, or his liivih-place, Allien, ilic C;irolinas, Ireland, tierniaiiy, or Lav.^ IsI.miuI. ^v 
 want sjood Lrovcnnneni. Will iunevanec, and ihe picjudircs iiihcrent to Mich a slate, turn;; 
 scale in our eli'ciidiis, and sccinv thai iiles.siiia;! Cm the contrary, is iLcre not a more i);^ 
 semblance of ivamMinL,- and hazard jriven lo Ihe system which accepts Tom's mark ;il il,; 
 beini,' iiK'apahle ol' writin'^', and refuses Dick's si,;.Miatiire al •<.'(), thonj.'-h edutalcd like a Cliini 
 Calhonn, or Jelierson I 
 f'ol. Yonn;^ addressed a letter to Hon. Jes,•^e Clark, dated Hallslun, Sept. 2t>, IHiM, as Ibllw 
 
 '■UniuSjr— I liiivp rrci'ivi.'d yours or ttio ai';li inst., ill whicli Jill iiii|tiire wlictlier my oiiiiiion tn rcforciui. 
 tlli: ilectornl law liiis cliaiiiieil. 
 
 " Siiico tliu liisl ;i(!itiitiuii iiltlic iiufstiiii at ilic lu^r elcclioM, I linvc uirroriiily onlcrtalnril and o.vprcsswl tin ■ 
 nioii in r.ivoi of iriiiisrcrririi! tlic clinici; (u !'ii>i(li'iiti;il t-.i iins I'om tli( Icr.i.-laturu to llii' l)nlli)f linxfs. 1 |ii;v..- 
 tdlaiiii'd .111(1 r\pr('s-.i-i| !l;is opiiilnn, iml niily licivvirvf I liclievi' lliitt t^ni'li a law wottlil lii; ccrrt'Cl in |iliiici|M- , 
 bt'i'ansi" 1 iviis s.iU.-nfd lliMi it \vu' i:allril lor hy j)ii!iiii- Miil.inriil. 
 
 " 1 iia\i', \\ iiliin 111!' lasl five nr six wchIis, rcccivcci many li ilcib tVoiii x ariuns piiits ol' llir Ptatr, in.-iivi'; 
 Faiin' iiii|iii;y as ynii.s. anil sniiic of ilii'ni a-Kin-,' my ii|iiniiiii in rul'i rr'i.-i' iii llic i niiiliilalrs liir ilic pn .^iilciic 
 havo t\'\ ubjiiijiiii ihiii niy stMiliniiMUi? du all ihilcical Miliji ris .-lionlil Wf known ; lint 1 liaw Itll t'ltsit rcliiv: 
 tu 111' llic nv:;an oi iIh ir piililicily. 
 
 '"J'lie in 'iiy pii^rini; sulii iiaiunis, Iiowcmt, wliiili I liail ici'civi il, inihiccil iiic ciglit or ten day.s .since, In r| 
 a Iclirr tn l'M« aiil llnii.-^on, Ksi|.. MiiMnlii-r 111' As>i:nil)lv I'mni .Maili..iiii L'oiiniy, in ans-wi-r ti> inio from hi: 
 wliifli I :iia!c uiy npininn as almvc on t!i': i liTtoi-il law, and alsn iliai 1 prtl'cr Mr. flay anion!! llic prc-iilr 
 
 (■i'.ndldalcs, 
 
 anil ''i\ in:: i 
 
 11 sliorl iiiv riason.-i liir 
 
 Ins pn liriMH- 
 
 I liavi' aiitliorisi'd linii in iiiakt' .<U(-ll iim 
 
 peer as lie may d' rni proper, and ul conrse I ixpeii lie will prorliio lis puliicallnii. 
 
 "Iain, «ir, with siiilimentsol'resneot ami Iriciid.-liip, vnnis, iVc. S.V.'Ml i;L YOUM; 
 
 On the •J!)ih of dot. lH-27, an American sysiem comily ci^nvention was held at Ballsinn,: 
 "\'(iim,'''^ i'c- iilriirc, ofwhit'li he v.a^' a jnc'iibcr. and chainn.ni of iis corrc-poiidimc eoniiii' 
 ThisCoiivenrion adnplcd an addrcs-^ iinanimonsiy, in which Ad;iiiis .•ind ('lay's ailuiinivir,: 
 
 vas hi;,dd 
 
 V laiPii'ii 
 
 tiir its I'i'ieiidship Iowa 1(1 domcsiif manniacuiics ;iiid iiiuinal imjinnuii' 
 
 "The Administral'oi! [Adams'J cnconraifcs wiih equal and impartial i>iolcitioii, il 
 
 IV 
 
 "interests oi'iln; North and the tSoiitli 
 
 T/i 
 
 I I'/iposifioii, strive to trample nnder foot the inui' 
 
 "of the INei'ih, and limii their encoura;jeineni to the productions ot .-oiitlicrn states ami 
 
 Mabor- 
 
 laiiipi 
 
 icriir' t!ie pride and aristocrticv of southern .Nal 
 
 and 
 
 prcierriiii,' the pi 
 
 "ity of old Kmrland and Seoiland, to that (if INew i'JiLrland and the other free Mtiles.' 
 
 Alhanv Ai'^ns si 
 
 ■fh 
 
 IS convention aiiprovmi:ly, 
 
 Late discussions at Albany have disiMivcrcd to the (iiblic more id ^'oim 
 
 del 
 
 lh;ii 
 
 1 wa- 
 
 L'cu' rallv known lict'orc. I\\' a rcvelaiinn of taets lor whii-h I dare .sav mosi 
 
 lari 
 
 who had lu'aid his denunciations of bank' and c;inal eornipiion were imprepared. So liir 
 being a pure man himself, hi>. the terror ol' corrii|it bankei-s, traliiek-im: liiokcrs, and jiri,! 
 corrupt legislators — he, whose hi!;li sens.- of honour in refusing lo sit with Van liiueif> 
 
 lligaie eonli,'dcralcs, Senators Hisliop and Kemble, j^ood men admired and respecteii- 
 
 dabbled in the stoel 
 
 some ten or twelve ol the 
 
 -ileired btmks of tlie state 
 
 lahi'ii I 
 
 fhan 
 
 of the spoils like Croswell, Marcy, (.Mcoii and CorniiiL'; ami botiidit and sold 
 
 iiousani 
 
 Is of dollars worth, with all the 
 
 iiceniiess 
 
 'I a vcleraii 
 
 U 
 
 street stoclv-jii 
 
 Young's exdamaiions of horror at the wickedness of bank crati, taken in this view, nu\ 
 
 one verv fv'rcililv of the pimis Ijiitlcr lashing most vigorously the "greedy specula usaiidt 
 
 {iant monied juistocraeics of the state,'' ihionuh the ^^aiidy F till 'J'imes | p. Itil)|, said Lr 
 
 ejit, the l^resideni's ehair (d' perhaps the iiiijst int'amons ei' , 
 
 ci:,; 
 
 eceu]iying, at th(> sanu' nvnn 
 arrogant' eonecrns tliat Van Enreii had charlered, 'the cry of -slop thiel" by a 
 
 h;i 
 
 IS olicner than once saved 
 
 ih 
 
 iii|l\,an(l ilie exchiniaiion ol' 'mad dot:' ctiiidenint 
 
 innocent. 
 
 Col 
 
 onci 
 
 ung has not \-oicd t'or a bank cliarier sine* 
 
 IS-J-Jor 
 
 its-':^ ii( 
 
 lids 
 
 a h 
 
 irge amount ol stock, in the tollow in^j- ban 
 
 d;s. 
 
 -Cilv Hank'. Albaii\' — Saraioi,'-,'! coiini\- 
 
 namely llie Waicr\liet li;iiik — (Sc 
 ik — I li'i kimer couiiiv baiil- 
 
 necn o 
 :— Kiieln' 
 
 lank' — Coinme|vi;il H.ank of Oswego — Steulien couniy bank' — I'liea baidv — Lo(dipoil b; 
 It is possible thai he may have had an interist al Sandy I lill or Untliilo in KSlil, ltii|; 
 (hat he has voted I'or all srirls of corrupt (diarler.s — has held on to liieraii\e oliices iinlil In . 
 thereby ae(|uircd a large ti'iiune — has sjiceiilnted in lands, in lri,'islalion, in serip, in i. 
 tiling — tinil now comes forward, late in life, to act tiie part oi' Calo, the censor, w ith a vies 
 some say, to the occupancy of ilie .se;;t now filled by Silas Wrii'ht. Mcihinks the di:rii>M.| 
 of this session of ihe |e:.qs|innre have destroyed his el in nee ol' that promoiioii, amomrlhc k' 
 I'liic iiiinded, and pail ioiie electors, Sneh men as Butler, Van iiuren, and Iheii uju'.v|ii" 
 
 Young and S 
 
[L BANKS. 
 
 3n.s of what he call., 
 door to SOLICIT J 
 uch exposes as min^, 
 lis own to-morrow. 
 
 >nlvd vok's (j4" connfi^J 
 iiiipiinleil wiili ihelri: 
 the iDiuTs skill is «!:• 
 Ill- Lor.pr Isl.-iiul. ]\\ 
 111 Mich M state, linn : 
 i!.i re not a iiKnr t^J 
 'rmii's mark at -Ji 
 i'(liirat(.'tl likf a C'lii,'i| 
 
 k-pi.'-^.), IH'il, aslbll.iv 
 r my oiuiiiou in rfiwciic. 
 
 rtaiiiril and rxprcaswl m ':, 
 
 ihi' bnllot lin.M'S. 1 Imvi 
 
 lid III.' ci'rrcct in piliici|ii' , 
 
 Ills ol' Ihi' fliiti', iiiaki' ; 
 iliilnirs liir till- I'll Mili'iii' 
 111 1 Imvi' It'll ;;iiNii rtlur , 
 
 Rlit or ten days since, tn \ij 
 nii'^wi-r to line I'rinii hii 
 • Iriy nnmnf; tlip iiri^iili 
 II 111 nuikf furli umu; 
 
 SA.All KLYOl.V, 
 
 ias held at Baiision, i^J 
 
 riiiri.'v)iiilii.lin;: coniiii: 
 111(1 ( 'lay's a(tulilli^l|^ 
 1(1 iiiicinal iiiiiir("i\ui,' 
 Irtial piiili'i'tinn, the ::l 
 pk- iuuIlt liiot llu- inid 
 Miuthrin sialt's aini •■:;| 
 11(1 inricniiii,' llio |ii 
 (illicr iVi'c Male,-." 
 
 il' ^uiiiii,"* real rliaia i 
 
 I 1 ilaro .say must |( 
 iini'iepai'cii. So liin:! 
 ■k'iiiir ImiiKi.m's, and Im i 
 sit « illi Van IJiiK'M^ I 
 uiri'd and respt'cli'ii- 
 \s lit" the state; laki'ii , 
 
 II lioiurht ami sold uij 
 Wall street slocii-jui 
 ken in this view, k\A 
 eedy speeiila .iisaiKhJ 
 u.'s fp. Kid], said Li;.[ 
 :* most intanioiis uf 
 '•stiip tliiel"' by a ti:.:: 
 mad di'i!:' ccindeiiint': j 
 
 ;<. lie hdlds, 111' h;i> 
 iel hank — t-^enecn cuj 
 (■(iiiniy bank — Kmi 
 liank — LiickpoM bun; 
 iliiilii in iiSli)! itiii'i 
 •aii\e iifliees nniil In J 
 laiidii, in snip, in (■ f 
 le I'l'iisdr, \\ itii a vii'v 
 
 Alrlliillks the (li:-i'll>-l'| 
 
 iniiiion.anKiDi^Mlii' li' 
 ei\, and their iinexi' 
 
 YOUNG SOLICiriNU UANK STOCK. 
 
 129 
 
 My Lives of Hoyt and Butler, the State Printinu, and the Texas slave ques- 
 tion, are working miracles at Albany. Like the diving bell to a wrecked East 
 Indiaman, they are bringing to liglit the works of other days. The knaves' 
 league is broken ; the old regency are uncloaking each other. Croswell, in a late 
 Argus, pubhshes the following note, addressed to [iyinan Covell, Esq. , and dated, 
 
 ^"B.u.LSTox, lOlh May, 1H33 Dear Sir: Without the pleasure ot' a personal ai'qiiaini- 
 ^ aiice, permit me to take the HI. 'rty to suliri/ ymi to siihsi-rihe, in my name, tor slock in the 
 ■0' CiKMUiing Canal Bank to the aniDiint ol .■ii-jjDit. 1 wish to make a |)ermanenl investment 
 '■Cf i'l t^"' Bank to that amount ; and it has beensij^i^ested to n;r, by a mulual friend nt' ours. 
 j;j- thatyuii would ]iri)liably be willing; to do the kind ollice of innkin;; the applieation to the 
 ^j- commissioners for me. Should you consent to i!o this, A. B. Dickinson, l^scp, will hand 
 Jjf" you the money for the .subscription deposii. Vours, iVc. S. YOUNlt. 
 
 " P. S. I liave added a warrant of attorney on the ne.\t patre. 
 
 " I hereby authorize Lyman Covell, Es()., ii,;- me and in my name to subscribe for shares nf 
 stock in the Chemun'.< Canal Bank, amoiuuin;: to two thousand live hundred dollars. 
 
 S. YOUNG." 
 
 The Argus's correspondent writes Croswell, that " ^Ir. ovell did the ' kind 
 office' as solicited bv Col. Young, ,)fr.A. B. Dickinson furnishing the money for 
 
 apologist in the Sena'e, will, il is t'ondly linpe'i, surely find that they have undervahied i!ic 
 sagacity and morality of modern N. Y. 
 
 In 18o'i, Young was chainuan of the lierkimer ciinvenlio!!, which nominated to the pcoi.le 
 as a patriot governor, I'le cunning and corrujit W. L. Alai'cy. On the .same year he publi.sji'. I 
 a piiinphlet against the U. S. Bank, and in isli,") (see Argus, May 1 1) signed an address of ti.e 
 mi^mbers of the U^gi.slature to their constituents, in whieli Van Biiren's Safely Fund is cf'l.'Li 
 an improveineiii — thai that sy.steai and its vigilant coaimissioners hr.il |)ioteet".l th'^ banV , 
 some of which would have faiii'delse during the [lanii' caused, they tell u'-, by the (T. S. Ban!: - 
 and that the fund would soon lie as large as to jiidfct the people, in case ihe losses were n •' 
 very wide spread, which was not expected. I le votC'.l same year to allow everybody to t.et no 
 a bank, bill acrainst the bill of I83l>, which modified liie l■e^training aei. [.Sei^ p;:ge 171 •> 
 page IdJ.] Mammoud thinks that tli ■ exr'.'lleat bill ti give everv school di: triel c. ].i!ili'i; 
 library, would have been lost butfor S. '^'oung andL. Beardslcy's eiloils in its tiuui'. In IS'. ». 
 Young and Spraker were the minority ojipo^ing a repenl of thi- 1,'iw prohibiting bani; iv . 
 under S'J- 
 
 In his Finance Report of Irt.'V.), he tells us that the liank note issues of the privileged c )'-\. - 
 rations l(irm a ''Stupendous sy .stem ol' I'raud, falsehood, crime and siili'ering," and says run ■ 
 in'jrc to their injury — yet it appears lie has been a vi.'ry active builder of the system. |-; 
 coiiduct and his langu'.igt.' an; stiangely inconsistent. 
 
 In 1813, in a bill to incorporate Thoiuas Sinrnis, &c.. with .'i^'iJOO.OOO capital, as a mai'u;'. ■• 
 taring company, "doling moved to make the eapilai two niillions.lmt could not carry it — V ■! 
 R(!iisselaer moved to allow the corporation to do !5AXIvl NG business; and when nnoil: . 
 member proposed to sirike out biiniung, \'oung vott-d lo relain it! In LSI I, a bill to i>\\i.u: 
 the Merchant.s' Bank', All)any, a charl'M', for the city only, was attem|iled to be improved e,- 
 Voung, who moved to give tiiem powi.-r to bank also at Ballsion Spa. lis charter was to I" 
 a million, and Young voted for a motion to oblige it to lend ji-",'iii), •''()() to manni'actnrers. 
 Thai same year an eli'ori was made to incorporate the iS. A. Mining and Coal Company, a. 
 a bank, and for this also did Young vole. So say hi.s brother .'-'.'nalors, for I have not 
 specially referred to the journal, lie voted against tlie bill in 1S18. 
 
 In 1818, the New Yorlv Franlclin Bank charter was carrierl forward by Young's vote cine 
 step, yeas i:!, nays l-i, but at th" tin li passage of the bill he voted against it. The AsscftiMv 
 rejected and sent it back to the Senate, andth'Mi sent I'or it a.gain, and ^'oting, ihiru<:h he. hmi 
 professed to oppose il, voted lo Aiiuf. it hi'-'k V) Hum, but Van Buren dodged. Young support-. ,1, 
 b/ his votes, the Chenango Banic, as did Van lluren's brother-in-law and slate printer; bui 
 Van Buren himself do lg\'d the last vote, as he knew the bill could be carried without him, 
 others assuming the responsibility. Young dodged the two liiial \otes on the ( 'hei-i'y Valh y 
 Bank, Van Buren remaining b,.tli limes as a nay, tiiire b 'iiig enough to carry it wi'hout 
 him, including, of course, his lu'olluM-in-law, Cantin ', with ihe yeas. In l»s'2l, Yomi': voted 
 for the North Uiver Bank charter. When, in fSjS, it was proposed lo enart, that if a person 
 should ask iiaymeiit of its notes from a bank', and it were to refuse, it should be liable to pay 
 interest on .said notes from the date of its lefusal, with costs of suit, Bowne, Van Buren, 
 Young, Tibbets, and Roger Skinner voted NO ! 
 
 One of the corrupt bank's of 18;Jlj was the Watervliet. prcsidc'l over by an Olcott, who di.s- 
 appeared. Young, while denouncing the sys|,.in, took S'--,W)l) stock, and Inst it. His conduct 
 in this was like .'oiin lUiiidolph's, who, after d'.iitig hi-o utmo.'^t against (he U. S, Bank charici', 
 
 
 'V 
 
 -if 
 
■';.■ 
 
 130 
 
 folk's PLED0E8 ; YOUNg's speculations ; ms POSITION. 
 
 the subscriptions and deposits, Col. Young being the fifth applicant on the li!,t, 
 hut the Colonel's application was not granted, by the board of commissioners, as 
 appears by the printed statement at the time." Croswell .sees nothing wrono' 
 in thus collecting his old friend's private, personal letters, and publishing them 
 to his injury. How can he reconcile this with his abuse of me last Sept, 
 and Oct. ? 
 
 \i->- 
 
 CHAPTER XXV II. 
 
 FoIk''s Pledges, — VerjiUiDck^s Resohitton. — ^lichacl Hoffman — the Naval Officer 
 — a Sinecure — Duties PoittirnI — Litrkin yetlimj Places — Votes in Congress — 
 2'et Bank Loaus — Herkimer Bank Stock — Hoffman and Young — H-elutions— 
 A vote for Barker. — E.rvcutire Patronage. — Naval Office no Check. — Millimis 
 Lost. — The Jfcrchants'' Hntries. — Alderman Pnrdy — Woodbury and Suart- 
 tcout. — Polk''s ( 'hoiec. — Bonds how lost. — Noah''s Griff. — I'olk denounces the 
 Suh Treasuri/. — II ilde, d'orham, and Binneii, on the Pets. — Polk prevents 
 Bank Inquinj. — Adams on Tanetf, — The Cientral Scramble. 
 
 Col. Polk was one of the original supporters of Jackson — and professes 
 hostility to a high tariil'for protection, to a national bank, to distributing a surplus 
 of (J. S. revenue monies among the stales, and to internal improvements made 
 with funds at tiu^ disposal of Congress. He is said to be friendly to an 
 amendment ot the constitution so that the people themselves might directly elect 
 iheir presidents, and to the one term jninciple. He was warm in favor of Texan 
 annexation, with slareri/, and the slaveholding interest of the south believe that 
 
 ttjulc sliariM, ami fxiilaincil liis fDmiiii't thus — that, if ilicio wore to Iw classes of slaves and 
 iiiaslei's, li(> would !"■ liiiiiiJ in llio ninstcr flass it lie rould. i'et it is to lie inferied, thai 
 \ oiins^'.s Icy-islalioii ami ■..'iiH'ial comlucl would In' soiiiru hat atl'i'ctrd by the heavy capital !'•■ 
 )iad imosti'd in suppuit ol' a hystcsn ho j)iiMioly coiidrintu'i . His aiixicly to rciDove ti:r 
 r-'iiry Law may have aiistri inirily from a (k'siic to withdraw^ liis means tiom banks, am; 
 lend ilicm to farmi'is at a hi'.'li laif of interest, upon mort','atre. Ll«' piirrhased stork, at ,'i 
 per eeni. lavniiiim, in tin.' C>s\ve'^o hank'. It failed. 'J'he lobliy au'ents of that, very »"t|uivocal 
 foiieern, the Seneca Cuumy Bank, says Senator Clark, awarded Wiuiis; .ifi.rjOO of its stoek. 
 Did he sell out, or how ' lie had "JOt) .'^liares awarded him of the old Hochester IJauk, woilli 
 ■•^K^OOO, if at jJ50 a .share. In ilie Sarato;,'a ( Wateifonl) Bank lie had 3)5,000, his -wiles pro 
 jx'rty, at Icr control, ami houiiht at I'i per ei-nt. preniinm. This was sold out, in part or tiie 
 uhule, at ;")! ))rcminm. He look .f-JiOOK slock in the Lockport l-Jaiik — it broke down — hesoM 
 his slock at M) ])i'r cent, discount, and voted to repeal the charter. He was not a borrower in 
 banks, but a real bankii' — and when the banks stop) payment in IKiO, hi; was manly enough 
 to suind ali'iie in Ihe Senalc, and record his voh- a'j;ainst JVIarcy and the Van Buren clique, 
 who wen; for ^-iving their knavery a le<rislative jiiotection. Vet, from 1H13 to 1822, while 
 he was votiic.,' lor pet I'luutcrs, w!ien from party aiiplicants. he had the suspension of ISII, 
 and the waruiu;,' of Clinton, Tompkins, and llie fathers of democracy daily belbre his cyt-, 
 but heeded them not. 
 
 Youn,^ ii'iir owns ji.'j.OOO in the City Banlc, j\lbiny. and larirc amounts in tiie Utica, and in 
 throe or four others. His connection with such a ))erson as Ha Iscy Rogers, whose name 
 occupies no very high place in the cod(! of baidf morality, is a.ufainst him. So also is his vole 
 in favor of skiving to a new incumbent tde ollice of state printer, which the patrons of his 
 favoi'ite have so lorn,' and so shametuilv abused. The adherents of Walker, Polk, Croswili 
 and Marcy, fearini,' that Cassidy's backers might be opposed to their declaration of depend- 
 ence, are united in putting down the corrujU machinery tiiey can no longer control. 
 
 On the 2(jth of May, IKtU, Col. Y. delined his jjosition in the Albany Atlas, in these words: 
 
 " Tlip Di'miicraiic. I'lrty, wuli Mr. Van Birf;n at it." Iicail, wns nvcrwlirlmcd and miliincrged by the siiiR «mi! 
 " ribiililry, tin; log-i ahin imutiiii :ry, and Itic liird I'idt r iirli.Mirlii'iy ori840: 'iiid l)clieviiiji liisci'Ursi: tci linv« bfin 
 " C'irrcct Riid Ins principles snumt, ami anticijiatin^ a piililical rcgiirrectiiiii, I Inive Kince that period titiped tl'Si 
 " hu would noi In: Id) at tin- lintimn, bill wnnid ri.se willi iliu party tVnni under tliu I'nul mass of wliiK ruhbisli 
 " and oppiobrium. When asked my opinimi, I liave unit'oiinly e.xpressed my prclerenci.' liir Mr. Van Buiien as 
 " tilt: next I'l'vKiduiitial caiididaic : and in my tsUniatiun nu man ciiii l>c found bcttvr iiuulincd ll>r the uAice 
 
POSITION. 
 
 plicant Oil the listt, 
 
 commissioners, as 
 
 sea nothing wroni* 
 
 )(l publishing them 
 
 ot" me last Sept. 
 
 —IheNavulOjficer 
 ^otes in Congress— 
 oumj — Kelulious— 
 J (J heck. — Milliotii 
 jdbury and tSuart- 
 L'olk denounces the 
 :ts. — Pol/t prevents 
 
 ^on — and professes 
 stributing a surplus 
 nprovements made 
 be friendly to an 
 night directly elect 
 1 in favor of Texan 
 ; south believe that 
 
 classes of slaves and 
 is to bo inl'eried, thai 
 y the hcr.v y capital li^ 
 iiixicty to "remove thr 
 cans from banks, am; 
 puirliascii stock, at ,') 
 ot lliat very tniuivocal 
 ns .■if'i.rjOO of its slock. 
 itocliestcr IJank, avoHIi 
 ;S;r),000, his -vvilb's pro 
 old out, in part or liie 
 t broke down — he so!'l 
 was not a borrower in 
 hi; was manly enough 
 lie Van Bureii clique, 
 lu 1H13 to l&I'J, while 
 e suspension of Ibll, 
 • daily before Jiis cyi-, 
 
 its in the Utica, and in 
 ' Rojrers. \\hose naiDc 
 ID. So also is his vote 
 ich the patrons of his 
 ^•ltke^, Polk, Croswtli 
 declaration of depeml- 
 iger control. 
 Atlas, in these words: 
 
 iiilxncrged by tlie sing win; 
 v'm^ Ins ci'uref l<> liovi- ben\ 
 ce tliiit period bo|jfd tl'Si 
 fiiul iimsa nt' wIiIk ruhbitii 
 rici: lor Mr. Van Bube.nM 
 uulifiijd Ibr the office 
 
 POLK, THE PETS, AND MICHAEL HOFFMAN. 
 
 131 
 
 they have in him a steady friend. He professed to be friendly to equal rights 
 for adopted citizens;* but thaty like some others of his previous opinions, may 
 have been held temporarily. He was pledged at Baltimore, be/ore liis ekclion^ 
 to hold to the whole of Oregon, but he oilered England afterwards to deduct 
 from that whole 51 degrees of N. latitude. [\\ Diic.., 18:27, he was placed on 
 the committee of ioreign affairs in the House of Representatives, and five years 
 thereafter (Dec, 1S32), judiciously chosen by the Van Buren pet bank and land 
 jobbing interest as their leading advocate on the committee of ways and means. 
 At that session, the directors of the U. S. Bank were examined on oath by that 
 committee, and Verplanck, their chairman, presented a majority report. Mar. 1 , 
 1S33, with a resolve, " That the government dep ^sites may, in the opinion of 
 this House, be safely continued in the Bank of the U. S." Polk presented a 
 counter report from the minority, but all the menjbers save 46, voted for Ver- 
 planck's resolution, in the teeth of which, Duane, six months after, was ex- 
 pected to have removed the public monies to peculiar institutions more favored 
 by those in power. Of the 46 were VV. G. Angel, S. Beardsley, Joseph Bouck, 
 fMichael Holliiian, Henry Horn, Henry Hubbard, John Y. Mason, C. P. White, 
 andJ.K. Polk. 
 
 * A l)ill hid l)r<!n sont to tho H. ui R. I'roiii tlic HenalP, for crunliii;; .'i tinvnsliip of Innd to a body of poor 
 ejilei from Poliind, wlicro they liti 1 stniualud for frceilom. On tlio :iOth of June, IHIH, lii^t dny ot session, 
 I'liicknoy iiiovlmI to liiy it on lli<; tiitpic, itmt i-i, li) crush it. Ainonii tin' yea* were J:iiiif< K. l'olk, hi* Attorney 
 (JenemI, John V. Mason, hi» I'. .M. U., C'itve JohOMin, with S. U<'»rdsli>y, \vhorn .1. V. Hiiren ridiciilei. The 
 autocrat Nicholas, had ho liad a vole, would have hcen on tlie •<:\u\e side. Anioni; tlii! noes wi-ro .1. Q,. Adtinis, 
 E. Everett, M. Killmote, U. II. Uillcli, Dudley Seldeu, Aaron Ward, iind C. C. Caniliieleng. While and Law- 
 rence did not vote. 
 
 t MicHAKL Mori'MAN of Herkimer, who is indebted to his friend Jnnic.s K. Polk, for tho infliiential office, I 
 n\!iv say sinecure, of Naval Otticer of the Port of New York; a berth, which, like the llussinn. embn.^sy, has 
 been IniiR useful to the executive as a means of rewardini; political services, without relerence to the perform- 
 ance of any particular iluties ; is MOW far advanctd in years. Mis place has been worth, in lees, fines, salary 
 ami perqui-tites, over $16,0(10 a year, as was the !rurve\or's situation, now held by Purity, but it Is possililc thut 
 a bill before Conpress may elfcct a reduction. Vet it is truly MiiirvriioiN how ea^lly ollicial peo|)le, in tlie chief 
 silualinns, contrive to pive a sort of mystical interpretation to laws apparently plain and simiile — their nlijeet 
 while in, is to till their jKickets — and Woodbury, .Swarlwout, Van Bnicn, Iloyt, &,c., are proofs that no profes- 
 siiin of ultra ilemocracy can ensure un etl'ective check on otTicial protliiiacy. 1 presume lliat it is well nnder- 
 jtDod that Ilolfuian holds on, conditioned that he shall devote his (xilitical talents and e.vperience to the good 
 ofthi" Kejency leaders, whose denioeracy consists in buying over and ret liniii;; proinineat political men, through 
 'the spoils,' bountil'tilly divided amotijju llicni for tlieir services in diiceivini: and duliiding ;t people who, if 
 themselves believe in tlje doctrines of Thomas Jell'orson, have too often followed in the Ibotsteps of certain 
 jrtl'ul and desiuninc ixiliticians who do not. 
 
 JudL'e llolfiiian is a lavvyi r, by trails a politician, has the reputation of beinji very strict on " constitutional 
 questions " — very clever in getting; them up— always looking in the direction of ultra-democracy — ever rowing 
 Ills boat towards Place, Power, and OMicial Plunder. I'or two years he was a district attorney; and for 
 lonr he dispen-ed English law as a substitute for American justice in tlio capacity of tirst judge of the County 
 of Herkimer. An additional Canal Commissioner was said to be wanted, just in time to secure to Judge Holf- 
 nmn, for two years, a seat at the canal board, with a liandsome income. The atl'iirs of the nation required 
 tot)e set to rights, P:'d Congress could not gel the jVavyU) properly regulated without at least one .Admiral ; in 
 due time, therefe.e. 'i>e party ' sent , lodge Hoifiuiu for si.x or eight years, to tin; House of Representatives, 
 in the p-— - ''^'i moral atmosphere of Washington, where eight dollars per day, with mileage honestly measured, 
 Dallas fashion, liberal presents voted Irom Jonatlian's i;.\chequer, by patriots, to themselves, and secret 
 |iroMiises, of ottice thereafter, if they vote right, has reconciled many a hot reformer to thu discipline of a party 
 leuiler. Mis recorded votes then, present a droll contrast when taken into view with his vast an.xiety ?iai0 for a 
 stule convention, to atford more ch>cks on our money-borrowing, safety fundb ink-chartering majorities, for 
 biith of which, when at Albany, ho entertained, us he said, a truly virtuous abhorrence. 
 
 The nation, through Congress, in IHKi, hold to the United States 1{ ink, the right to liecouie the Treasury 
 of ttie Union for twenty years — took ,SI,aOi).0Ui> in cash froiii stockholders, In payment for this privilege— and 
 the Supreme Court Judges of tho Union declared the trans;iction to be constitutional ; whether it was no or not, 
 nothing could be a greater violation of llie puldic faith than to take the U. S. Bank money as a consideration 
 fur a privilege, and then lend out tho whole national income to a batch of trading politicians, under the prete.xt 
 of ile|io>itlng it in tlie more favored chartered and unchecked hanking monopolies of the Van Buren school for 
 better security. In March, Iti'.a, Mr. Polk joined Michael Hotfiiian and Campbell P. White in negativing Ver- 
 iilanck's motion that tlie money of tlie nation was safe in the Bank of the United States. In that same year, 
 )lr llolfinan might also be found (as Mordecai M. Noah told him) liberally partakin: of tho unclean drippings 
 of bank legislation and special charters. His county lllerkimer; had to be mnnane.a )\ ii bank in the Viands of 
 the faithful. Mr. Ilolfnian had one liundrcd shares (say SUMIOU) apportioned to aim, with other HO shares to 
 his ftiend Col. tjamuel Young— 100 more went to .\. Looiuis— 100 to ,\. .M inn, M. C, and 100 to Diulley Burwill. 
 " Under cover (said Noah, in his Star of October, 1834.) of charging the U. S. B ink with bribery, the grossest 
 corruptions are carried on In this state— tlie very legislator who votes on a bank bill receives the assurance of 
 l«y in advance," Honest .Michaid, It appears, was not forgoium. Al^cr doing his tiest to lend forty riiilllonsof 
 the money of ihe Union to the pet banks of party leaders and gambling bank directors with no security at all- 
 after partaking liberally of chartered bank stock — after viidating the obligation of contracts lo *.hc U. S. Bank, 
 and aiding in tho anti-hank cry of Martin Van Buren and his decoy-ducks, who, under the safety (! ') fund sys- 
 tem, chartered, from 18'^J to ld37, banks on the special privilege principle, with some 30 millions of nominal, 
 
 
 .i-'. 
 
 ^ 
 
132 
 
 llOHMAN S 81NECURt;, rUl.NClPLLS AM) I'OLIOV, 
 
 '*. 
 
 ' -a 
 
 '.."'■■' 
 
 ■s^' 
 
 ■■'1 ■'. 
 
 
 I / '■ 
 
 f: 
 
 
 Polk could be dependi'd on — Stevenson was Speaker, and looking up lo 
 Jackson for a more lucrative ollice — the latter placed tbe tbnner at the head of 
 the ways and means in Dec, 1M3.3, to o])pose the U. S. Uank and Sub Treasury 
 and uphold Kendall and the political scheme of the Treasury banks. All tin. 
 
 but (ill leas of rciil, civpilal in this staui— alter this, Mr. Iloirmiiii sat iIowh in March, 184;i, to wriii' toCi,' 
 Yoiinp, that he had jiisl heard uf his eilbrt to aavo one jilanli Ihini the wrick of Iho conatltiition~|mif il ln^ 
 sell', Voung, Looinis and oliiers Hr aavinn tlie »talo fniiii lieiiitf S('\vardi/.ed— talked uf feluii debt, hiuilirnpi cu, 
 paiiies, the corrupt action of the p;i.|. the lobliy, llie eliariereil llherties, and their nniljun counsels— lielj 
 with a death urip to • the spoils ' and llie party — la't clulthinjr a two yours' rtKislership of tlio land-otlice 
 Micliipan, reslu)^ for two or tlireo sessions in the llouae of Asaenibly, at Albany -and has at liiijrtli drawn Hi. 
 f ID.nUO to «jir>.()00 a year prize of the .\,iv;il Oltice, In the lucky ^tate lottery of 'riionias Ititchie and Janle^ i, 
 I'lilk. Who can dcjiy the fact, that the Admiral lias acted on ilie principle of rolatjoi. in (jitico '. Outufn;,, 
 fat berlli lie ;;oi;5 into aiunln r, tuuililiuK out both tnencU i.nd foc«, when in his way. but always plpinif si% 
 deiiiocratir lUiU', always ridin;; soiue |iopiilar hi)l)liy. 'I'o ilay correspondinj with liyrdsull " as I'reaiilein,. 
 the association for (-'onsiiiutioiial heforiu "— tomorrow suiictioniiii; Byrdsuli's rnuioval Irum a 51,")iJU simnj;. 
 in the (^'ustoni House, because he was tun Calliounish I 
 
 That the Anti-Rent pariy <i)inplaiMed of real and serious wrongs is now ndinittrd by aliiiost nil classcj, 1, 
 Holfniun, like Silan \Vri;;hl, was slow to perceive the pith of their complaints. Ho \oied, in Iri'i-*, with lluilc 
 to renew the .Mechanics and I'arnicrs' aud other unchecked bank charters, hut they could not get enough i, 
 join them. Van Ruren, Dlcott and the parly cliiels ne\t year got np the Saleiy fund innMistiirc, and ijIi.ij 
 tlieir parts so artfully that it tool;. I think ili:it lloHnian voted against the bill to elect t'aiinl (.'oniini.^Mniic 
 by the people, anil against the bill lo destroy (ho estate Prison Monopoly. In tlit^ distribution of the pain lu. 
 of Ills de|)artiiient lie takes his cue from Wasliinglon, to suit the party inltrests. 
 
 When Hoiliuan eutc red ilie '.115111111 lluu^e, it wa.s asserled ihat the pretended check on the Collector, tht 
 the naval ollice, a very e\|ieiisive and useless l.iice. as now and for many ye;;rs past perforiiied liy vtitu: 
 actors, ;iliis much the Kieniug I'ost .■idinils.) would in his hands beciuiie n rial one — but I doubted. The Ic 
 la tor who volod us lloHiiian dul, f't (.eor;;e I'. Itarker tube our .Attorney (Jener il. alter llie ;iiililic t\posurBoti.,. 
 frauds of the HuiliiUi City Biiiil-. (saying uothiiig id'hU votes in favor of all that llotl'iuaii calls corrupt in - 
 s«sasioa of IJIki.) was a meet yoke felluw to Cornelius W. I. iwrencc, in their olticial duties of cliecks upun ij, 
 money operations of the Custoiii House o: New Yor!.. 
 
 .Mr. PulU showed the tinceiiiy uf his re-pecl for Ills liiei'.d .\Mdrrw J irksnn's niiiiiiiry and priucipi',; 
 choo^!n;; lor collector heri', a pel haak pr;-iileiit, wlioe coniliict in failing to pny the public cash 10 the \mi 
 creditors, when his bank had iicen trusted with plenty of il, had disgruced the goveriiiiient which euiployi 1.1.1 
 frail concern. He showiil niiuil coiisisu iiry at lr.i-.|, in selecling as our .Nav'il ( 'ri'.'er, or coniiitroilir, c 
 Hoiriiian who had voted against .Major Dave/.lic's motion In As.seiiibly, foi rcfuudui^ lo the oid hero, belliri'i: 
 death, his New Orleans line and the costs thereof. 
 
 Far be it from me lo undervalue n Coiivrniion or Hollinan's support of II— the people can cliooso lit ri;. 
 scntulivcs to il, anil check tlielr action, ton, if 11 majority ol liiciii should prove iiiiliscri.'et— but 1 dislike r,i,.i 
 P.ist homilies on state relbnu emanaiiii'.- irom the ii'iiuoni Ilousi) deok of a t,lli.U()0 sinecuii^t, v ho lea\v. i 
 own depHrtnicnt there in aa bad a coiiditioii as he found it. « bile lie has Itie power lo render it useful ami 
 ciont for the public service, lie had no ear for 1 specie trea-ury 111 if-;ji-'4, but was ready for the ca.sh s;,.i 
 In IfeJH, when there wiis iiolliiiig left to lend e\iept depieiiated b ink paper. He denounces the e.vpLi.ifiii. 
 on the Erie Canal eiilargemeni, but sli 'idily uplmlds tiii' men who propi'sed that lue.isiire. in llm gre.it iii ■ 
 meeting held in Ihc Capitol, at Albany, .Nov. .'1, ]r'\\i, Mr. Iluiliiian " h-.inUij (im-cd tu trn.st lumsc/f tu i,p^:l. 
 Executive I'at.roii'i!,'f;J'or he rmill nrrir thin': vfllte siihjict irif/ioul tzc!tiii!rfi.iiiii^rj ,,/ t/ic nio^l tiilcndc iiilii 
 tioii.' Mow, however, that President Polk has discerned his merits, and given him Tliroop'j oid plate ai.Ui. 
 come, it may he hoped that iiis " iiiieii.se Uidignalion ' will cool down a little. 
 
 The Kvening I'ost imhI I'ieb. ian. \\biri t'unis wu Cilbi tm. diclared that llie e.vpensive machinery of 
 Naval tJliice hart proveil no iheck at all on (lislMiie-t Collei-lors. from J,s-,;'.t ^ud dow'iw.irds. This w.i> i 
 lectly true. It is true .still. Wx. iiu'ludiu;; llie .Naval OHicr's sinecure income, cisii.il e.v|ienses, tlerlii' 1, 
 ciaminers at Washington, and depuiies t,i il 1 the bu -iiiess, ji custs tlie nail. 111 .'SiiD.ilM a yeir. 
 
 It has been shown, tint in the iwo I ist moinhs id' .Mr. Iloyt's term, eiiiries amounting 1 1 .1>(>3,JUJ wore ji" 
 daily as presonti^d, from tlu'C isliier'sollii-e. b liire iIk; clerks bad simui or entered iliem on tJollecbii's hook:—;! 
 the duplicates of these sMiiie entries ueri' jii>.t as piiiii-lually stolen tVoiii the iN.tval UUiier's ollice hi.iiTi 
 and his clerks had enteied liu in 011 their record, or 1 luck-liMnks, and tliil. had imt an iicculent cau-ed iiii|ii 
 and a whig secretary e.v;iiiiiiied into llie matter, Jes^e llo\ t would li.ne bn 1 Sbit.UliO riilirr by the Ir,. 11.; 
 January and I'ebruary, I "I I. be llie thief who he may. 1 believe, thai, alilmiigli !(ii;t.(«Kl were 111 lliii t\;i; 
 but picked from L'ncle ream's pockels In these ttM) nioiuli-, niiiiioii^ have been lo,-i in tbi' sumo way of it 
 we hai-o yit heard Hor/»Hi', the sysieio remaining the same — and il milliuus of d.illars vanishe I in van 
 Ways, under Iloyt. Swartwoiit, Throoji. Coe U Co. ;«■)// not miiiimis more ihnipiienr 'tt nuine j'uturc tune, rch 
 the part ie.i wilt omit to mnili,m .' I bluiiMio one— |ii'ole-v to suspect no one— Imt to such g ones us I h iVi 
 .scritied there mii-t b(" a cliecli. How is it now f The entry, in duplicate, is handed to a Nav.il ollice Hi 
 clerk, who e.Yamiues il. another clerk lolds il, a third clerk endorses il. The endorser hands ttio emry In : 
 Register, wlmsu duty it is to enter it on his great boidi, and he does so, hut not till nrit day, nfter ten uVl. 
 iiud as the bundle of entries of any one day \; n"t linked up, ami miiiy persmis liave access tu ihe uMi 
 nothing would be more easy, us far as the iNaval Ollice is emicerued. than to abstract any two, ten, or ih 
 entries, according to tho sizi' and iiiiality of llie daily bundle; and if mailers slioiild, at 11 future time, be 111. 
 to correspond in Ihe Cashiir's ollice, wholesale frauds are as e:isy idacniniplishuient as il is fur ine lo tell li j| 
 they performed them in .lesse'.s time. 'J'lie Irulli is, the day's record should be coiiipleled day by day, »i;r 
 by iloirman hiniselt', altiT persoii.al e.vaniiiiation, before he leives the ollice, and u cjpy tiial evening dispuii;;i 
 to tho r. S. Tre.isury. The (<ntry should be recorded on the book, iniiiiediately alti^r the iiiurchanl uf his cli;; 
 hands it in— and thi;" could bo done with ease. 
 
 What is tho use of two deputies and an .\uditor in lloirmin's olfico 7 Or, ifthei/ art wanted, irhnt is Ihe • 
 nt hiui .' What living man, that knows whit his to b • dine there, will say lit u iloilrii in should be hiril 
 $5,1X10 a year of salary, with penpiislies which, even in Iloyt's time, were eiiual lo $IO,OllJor §Iv;,OUUniaii'. 1 
 then other inon hired at heavy incomes, some to loll .-iliui! in idleness and read newspapers, and others hi 
 Hoflinan's work .' Klectinneering committee--, (uill's, leti"r<, spi'( dies, and caiicuse.. iii and for tho boiRii: 
 the Tammany Htill tavern assnciation, must all be paid for — lliero is no real democracy thera now — but wliyi 
 iipim the rnitcd States to pay llidfmiii and Piirdy for such work ? Why select or rebiln as clerks in thii N;i''i| 
 I hficB unlit persons, hecauso they are .serviceable tools as politicians' And why mix itu Tammany 01 
 chairiiiHnship, with the duties of iho ;;urveyot"hip of the Customs ! 
 
 be did, with fi 
 
 numbers alter 
 
 ertions made 
 
 1 Polk. Speak 
 
 " >'or can we 
 itcservcil on our 
 power, esjifciall 
 ,ins, biith of 0111 
 alter the siibstan 
 ciery fol'.v' ''i<-'.v 
 entailed a loii^' ? 
 weishts that Imrt 
 laicr day wo m • 
 VV'c iiK-aiii wi'H, 
 ihan llie altcniai 
 tjllie ine.Koralil' 
 we remciiilii'r al 
 thruu;?li the (list 
 ihar!,'e of iiitciT 
 liberally to tlii' 
 the tippositioii ui 
 w'ruit ritrlit. iiav< 
 lion for our fate 
 
 1 am porsu; 
 would hesili'.l 
 his neglect r 
 SI, 250,000 fi 
 than lazy, fun 
 A bri'jf accou 
 bivesot' Hoy 
 knowing Woi 
 life lease on t 
 by the nouiin 
 not by chanc 
 I hiiih station. 
 
 ♦L'mil IKtl, Sw 
 m;i'iii5 to have lik 
 i Huyt, hintlni! that 
 iliivs after, Ogden 
 .Noah, in his liven 
 Hliii leave an iiiipi 
 liiliy was virreil'id 
 notorious driinkari 
 mveil jIH'd.dlHl. 
 ilcf .ulter—again 11 
 liccn two and a h; 
 land speculator, li 
 Davis applied ne.v 
 
 t PoLK .wn 
 romiuitlco ol" \ 
 eiicc the electiu 
 H. WiWo, Hfii 
 ofdifTeivnt cnr 
 direction, was 
 Polk, Wrii,'lit,i 
 Pulk and his fi 
 leiidoiv' the ha 
 -that if their 
 held good, the 
 trol, through tl 
 is the measure 
 ing thein, and 
 sc^aiul docicf 
 
UlCV, 
 
 POLK, NVOUliilLKV, OcsLLLiVAN AND IHL; ILIS. 
 
 133 
 
 iind looking up to 
 rmcr at the head of 
 i and Sub Treasury 
 iry banks. All tin, 
 
 liircli, I'^-i;), to writi- tod, 
 cDiistitiuiou— puilid l,in 
 
 ;l ti'luii (lutit, liiiiikrii|>t i'.,i|, 
 mil l.jiiii cminsols— lii'lili! 
 
 ir.-sliip ul' Iho l;incl-iitlicci< 
 
 inti liiis III liMi^'tli (Inuvnili. 
 
 iiii'is UitcliiK und JaiiiuN k 
 
 lUoi. ill ollico '. Olll uln!!. 
 
 ay. Iml ahvayi pi|iini.' sniji, 
 LtyrcMull " a.s I'rraiiUiiiii 
 Kjval Iruui u glJUU siiuiu;; 
 
 liy iiliiiost nil cliinscj, Ir, 
 \ciioil, ill Iri'i-*, witli Hui'r 
 :y could not \:el ommgh i, 
 t'uilil illl|iiisllii'C, uilil pl.r.ti 
 I'liTl L'aiml ('oiiiiiiisMDiie 
 lairilmtiun of the paiiLiu; 
 
 heck on the Collector, iht 
 r-i p;i>( pcrl'ormod liy vitcu; 
 !— liiit ! iliuibtL'd. The lo;," 
 trr lilt' jMihlic (xpoMirBfil i:; 
 lldtl'iiiaa culls corrupt in : ; 
 al duties ut' checks upuii t^. 
 
 \':< iiiiiiiory 'ind priiicipl,; 
 ihi- public caih lo Ihi, pnti 
 friiiiii'iit which cuiployi uii 
 I ( >ri;cr, or coiiiptroiiir, i- 
 lit! lo the iiid licro, li<u>jri'i,,, 
 
 people call cliooso Ik ri,i 
 i>cri,'(;t— iHit 1 ilislikc I'.w.i. 
 IK) hiiitciili^I, V lio lea\i.-. 
 L'r lo rtiiilcr it iiicl'iil arnl 
 ■a< rcaily lor tho cuih >;.:i 
 deiiotliRcs the e.vp(.i,i;ii;i. 
 ii(..i>iiri'. In llto grual rti 
 tu trHit himm:!/ tu .-pi; 
 ■„< ('/ IIlc must inume iitlf^ 
 iiu TUroop':i old platf ai.u!. 
 
 'vpi'ii>ivc inacliiiicry u 
 low'iwanls. 'I'hi-i w,i! 
 a.ii il t;.\pi;iiM;i, clorlii' I. 
 iI'M a yiMr. 
 I ruin;; t > -Ijiy.OUJ Were ili. ; 
 I'll! on » Nillectoi's book:—.: 
 val Dllii'cr'.s I'llii-u hri'.r, 
 : an acciiii.'nl c.in'-L'd iai{!i: 
 il.lHIO riiiirr by lliu ir.iU.i- 
 jjiiJ.lK.Ki wt'rc m ilii-. »;i, 
 I ill till! sanio way c/ if 
 iluUars VMiii.shc I in \;ih 
 !)■ ■!! .it/inc future time, ict 
 i\> sni-li (,' oiu'^ in 1 II iVi ., 
 dud lo a Niival nllitc h 
 rs'.T h'.tiids ilio oniry t" : 
 nrxt day, nllcr Itn o'cii 
 111-, liavo accii.s.s to llu- oiii 
 slract any two, ten, or ih 
 Id, ala liituru tiine, bo iii:.. 
 iMit as il IS t'i>r ine lotill I) ]| 
 uiiipU'ted il.iy by day, ui^ir 
 c ipv lliai cvuniim (lisp:iti::, 
 liT ihj inorcUaiU ur iiia th: 
 
 I are wanted, irhnl is Ihf ■ 
 :loirai'in should be hinil 
 
 $liJ,01ll)or§l-J,UU0niou'.. 
 'W.ipiipers, anil otlnis Id : 
 e.i Hi and lor the bciidil 
 my there now — but whyi. 
 
 retain as ulerks in thii N:r . 
 y mix uu Taminuny ot . 
 
 [be il»<J> w'^'' spiiit und energy, l.t-t the Di-niut ratic Ktviow, in its cuiil(s.-.!uual 
 numbers after Van Buren's defeat, ex|)luin to llu' million.^ tin; results of the ex- 
 
 made in 1H34, '.3, and 'tJ, by Kendall, Whitney, \' 
 
 Ul 
 
 and J. K. 
 
 ertions 
 
 Polk. Speaking of Van Buren & Co.'s failure in ISK), tin; Review says : 
 
 ">'orcan we lay oiii- hamw on uiir lii'ari> ami .viv, on lionur l)iii;hi, iluii it was entirely iin- 
 ilcservoit on our own pail, alter all. We liai! nm been — no piiriy eniill h;ive been — so long in 
 power, esitci-ially uudci' all ilie exisiiiiy; cireiiinsiaiiees, w iiliuiit liaviie.,' eoiitrae-fcd sundry 
 , ins, both of oini.ssiiHi anil ei)iiiniissii)n — anil uiih ili>' same eeriaini) tlia' drags the shadow 
 alter tlic sub.stance, does an ine\ liable reiiibiitinii, lo panics as to men, liiUnw every tank and 
 P,ery lolly ihey are ever giilliy ol'. Om- greai bitmiler, indei-d, it' the Pi i Hank e.xperiineni, 
 ontiiiled a long series ol'eoiisei|iieiiees wliieh luadi' il eveiilually one ul' ihe hcavic>l of the 
 ,vi:ishts ihai bore iisdown — a incaMiu* adnpted ai ilie express rejeriion ofilialveryone which ala 
 la'cr day we su juiilly haileit wiih deliu'hi. uhen lirmi^lii lurward iiiiderdilli'ieni paiiv auspice-^. 
 We ineaiii well, lo be sine, in thai mo>i ill>laiied olexpeiimen'"- — ;iiid it \\;i-> at any rale belter 
 ihan thii allernalive of "die uiher >-iae. the re-eharier df .Sir. iiiddle, li'ii gimd int -nt is no exf^iiae, 
 lothe inexorable jitsiiie ufthe pniv ideiireuf eveiils, to,- u'lt ai puliiii.il eiims. ;f.V And when 
 we remember all the praeiieal niisehief we ditl, stimulating ihe expaifion of the curreuty 
 through the distriluition ol the vast aeeumitlated depo.siie^ among tin; banlcs — without even a 
 ihaigc of interest to ihein, ami ul one lime an oilieia! eniuinaui inent lo them to apply them 
 liberally to the ' relief iif the iommunii\ — u In u we remeiubei the |)i'ophclii; warnings from 
 the opposition of the very coiise(|uenees which indeed wi'ie not ^luw to ilevelope themselves — 
 w'nat right bavi; we to (utnplain if we had ourselves to ^wallow a very bitter dose of retribu- 
 lioa for our fatal ».'rror ■' 
 
 1 am persuaded that no iinpailiul, well iiilbnned imlividiial can be found who 
 wuuld hesitate, alter in-piiiy, to blame Iv.-vi Woodbury, Sec. of the Treas., for 
 his neglect of duty in tii- case of' Swartwout, who had embezzled sonic 
 51,250,000 from the iVew York Custom House, long before that lazy, or wor.se 
 than lazy, functionary thought rtt to announce his knowledge of the delinquency. 
 A brief account of S.'s defalcation may be seen by n firence to the index of my 
 hives of Hoyt and Jiutler — and it is worthy of remark that I'resident Polk, 
 knowing Woodluiry's course in that and other mutters, hastened to give him a 
 life lease on tin; bench of the Su|)reme Court- -and f Mowed up that appointmoi't 
 by the nomination of the most intolerant lawyer towards citizens by choice, and 
 not by chance, that he could find in I'enn.sylvania, or the Union, to a similar 
 high station. ■(" INIr. I'olk's clumsy interference with the deposites was the indi- 
 
 * Until IKM, t^w.irt.voiit li:.i! cuilir/./.li'd lull lillb' of Ihe piililii- inoiiey. Wlini tlie ilrpo^il; were seized, ho 
 
 I wins to have liken a leal' out .if Van niirrn's bmik. Dn the l."ilh oV No\eiiilM'r. IKIr*, Woiidbiiry wrote to 
 
 Huyt, hintlliL' lh:it the clerks who knew and i oncealed Swariwoiii's iiiiMoiidiirl, oiii;lit lo be rrinoved. Two 
 
 I il:ivs alter, Otfden the cashier, and I'lullips | Noah's relali\ ij ilir assist. iiii. rf-ii;iied iheir sinnlitiii-. Iloinsl, 
 
 .Niiiih, in his livening Star, grieved aloud at ."swar'-woui's rolniiatiuii and I'rriuli tour. " Tlnre ar'' lew men 
 
 Hill) leave an iiiiporlant silnition v\ iih iiior,' ol'llie piililir appioiiatim ilian Mr. .Swart wont"— said iNoah. Wood- 
 
 ' Imry was mrrci/'«/ to piiiilic pilli'rcr'i. I'or eniinple. " II :irri<, Ihe receiver al t'oliiiiibns, iMississippi, was a 
 
 nniorinns drunkard and delaultcr, but kepi ill oilice i .vo je.irs, in lull kiiiwiick'i- ol' ibe dfp.irlnient until he 
 
 iiiveil Jfllid.lMMI. S> Wise tells us, //iraHj,'/t ^'l^ f;/ri/>c. In .Xti'jii.n, hit.", Woodbury leIN Harris that le- is a 
 
 ild'.uller— ajjain in Ocloher— and soon till .•si'pifinb. r, Hli'!, when llie I'rllow proposes to ;•',.■(■•» alter liaviii;; 
 
 hern two .and a hall vars a he. ivy del'auller ! .\ .Mr (J. 0. Ki'Vil sinaeedi d II iiris. and was •■ iiiloiiiperate," a 
 
 land speculator, like tjiiller, iiiiil rtsiirncil l\ tlefaiiller, many ilioiisaiid dollars in arrear, in .Vuijusl, IcJT. John 
 
 Uavis uppliril ne.vt, as " a warm Irleud ol' the ailniiiiisiratioii " 
 
 t Polk .\nd ritt; Piank.s — When Polk repuiled, In Man'li, IKil, fidin Ihe majority of his 
 roininitlee of Ways and .Means, for seizing the ii'\emie, using il to i:oiriipt the banks, intht- 
 (Mice the elections, and U|>hiild ■• the |)arly," a minorily iipnil was |iivseiiied, on the llh, by II. 
 H.Wilde, Henj. Gorliam, and llnraee liinney. 'I'iicy remind (.'(.uigress, iha! a partnenhi)) 
 ofdiflferent eorporntions foi piofu and loss, or iniiiiial iruaranty, wiili indepeiulcni boards of 
 direction, was a stiange coiuiivance to secure llic siin-kinildcrend regtilaic llic currency — ilct 
 Polk, Wright, and Kendall's scheme bad been tried and failed, and would tiiil iigain—that 
 Pulk and his friends were correct in (|iiiitiiii,' the maxim thai " ihe borrower is .servant to the. 
 i-'uder,'' the banks borrowing the public money w^inld be slaves to Jaeksiei and his cabinet. 
 —that if their other maxim, "that he who controls a bank, eoni:::!.' the debtors of ihe bank'' 
 held good, the deposile.s htu! Iieen placed in banks whom Jackson'.s advisers intemled to con- 
 trol, through these slave banks of theirs— that the .scheme would deran','e the cmreney, which 
 is the measure of the value of every man's property, of his eontraew, of indemnity for break- 
 ing them, and of the ])ui)lie revenue — that a ilcrangcd eurrencv makes laws, \frdii-ts, promi- 
 ses and decrees of cuttits speak the language dI' deceit and falsehood, gives fraud a premium, 
 
 
 I 
 
 ■■:'jl 
 
 .1- 
 
i \i 
 
 .1 /., 
 
 h : : 
 
 If , '.5 
 
 
 134 
 
 POLK AND BLAIR CONDEMN THE SUB-TREASURY- 
 
 rect cause of the loss to the country of $646,754 paid him, as the cashiers oil 
 his choici', for bonds. When Polk, Kendall, Van Buren, and Lawrence, \iin[J 
 
 and strips lioncst labor of its scanty earninsjs, payins!: it in worthless or depreciated rags, uj, 
 iler pretunt;c thai ilicy arc as <i:o.^,l as l;o1i1 — that douht and uncertaiuty wore deeply injurit: 
 tiie business of the iiierchant and manufacturcn- — that if the U. S. Bank was not to be recliai 
 tered, some bettor plan ought to bo proposed to Congress, for as to Polk and Wright's 
 scheme, it was the merest delusion, because the banks selected, and the vast number tl. 
 would arise like mushrooms, wouki only promote the disorder. The state banks wanted . 
 regulator — a good cunency was hopeless if the U. S. Bank, as a cheek, was removed, andj; 
 other substituted tlian the party p(;litician's orders whom circumstances might place at i 
 head of the treasury — th;n the bank hail boon accused of paying money to printers, but, ivlifj 
 traduced by the oxecutivo power, by many presses, and by speculators in Congress, was itiM 
 tlie duty ol her direelors to apnea! to fads, where the public were so deaply interested in it. 
 result ? — that tlio framers of tiie constiintion had provided the Supreme Coiut for the trial i 
 aught done by the bank that was long, with the penalty of loss of charter if shown to befc! 
 feited, and that the alldrnoy general might prosecute, and the bank be heard in defence 
 the couiitiy, which w )uld ii? a better, more manly "■oiirse, than continued slander and pa:^ 
 abuse to mystify the i-;snes, delude the millions, ami end in making tlie fortunes of bad mc;, 
 to liie injury anVi ruin uf thousands who would be made to believe that they had been wrongi 
 by those most d''0|)ly inti'restod in the cause of ecpial justice. 
 
 The Apostle I'jiiii, had he been on earth, would iioi have convinced Polk, Wright, Van B;. 
 ren, Butler, Kendall, AVhitin-y, Lawrence, rambrelentr, Tallmadge, Marcy, Taney, and ihir 
 confedora.es, that anythintr le,-s than the use of tlie public piu'se — itsphinikT — could benelititj 
 j)ublie. The )iarly were not yet reads' lor tlii' Sidi 'i'reasuiy, and therolore it was that in !l; 
 year, Polk denounced it in the tiillowini; jilain terms : 
 
 " Between the nspmiyJ/iiiilij 'A' a pii/'lir rm ircr and h<7n/,- rorpurotinns as banks do exist, atxl 
 " are likely to e\ist under Staie . utluirity,/At /atli r. iipim thr itntuad nf safdij to the public, «re!, 
 " he preferred, linids, when lli:'i' are sal<', rratm ineml f/i( niuiresto the srr^^ia: of ihc TrmsimiM 
 "other naSDiis. The iiiereaseu taeiliiy they possess over indisidiial collectors and receivers'ij 
 "making iraiislbrs uf piiblie money in distant ]>Mnls, for ilishurseiTients, «• t/uiiit rhargc to the]ii\ 
 " lie. Indeed, this is ;i seiviee w hieh iii//iriihia/>. to the extent ot our larire revenues, ctnild nJ 
 " perfiirnt. Whilst the depositi^ is in Bunl:, the biiidc may use it, keeping itself at the same tinl 
 " ready to ])ay when demanded, and it is not withdrawn from the general circulation— a<s 
 " much money hoarded andw ithdraun fiom the use (il"tlie community. In the hands of nrf/ifl 
 ''they must eiiher hoard ii by keepimj it luekcd up in ti strom,' box, or use it at their own risj 
 " in privtiti' s|ioculaii(in ur trade. Tliis temporary use ol'm<mey on de|iosite in a bank, constT 
 " tutes the otdy compensation which the bank receives for the risk of keeping it, and Ibrthc «l 
 " vice it perliuins. If /•< 7 Inrx be employed, they can perform no other service than to kup iX 
 "money, and must lie p.iid a ''om[)eiisation from the 'I'ri'asuiy." 
 
 Blair, ot course, took the same ground in the Ulobe. He declared '-Xhat {\\q Indqmuh 
 Treaaunj is disorgiiiiizing and revolutionary, and siducrsive of the fuiuiamental principle-, 
 our gov(irnnient, aiifl of its entire practice Iroin 17'JH down to this day ; and that it is as paipl 
 bleas the sun that the v{\W'\ of the scheme would be to briiiir the public treastiry much nearfl 
 the actual cusio^ly and control of the Pri\siilont, and expose it to be plundered by a humlrel 
 hands, where one under the late system could not reach it. In .such event we should feel thJ 
 the people had just cause for alarm, and ought to give their most watchful attention to .suclia| 
 fllbrt toenlarge executive power, and jiiil in ils hand the means of corruption." 
 
 On the i;?th (if Juno, 1H3I. the Senate sent for cuncmrence to the House of Representative 
 a rcsoltuion it had agreed to. in opposition to the treasury banks, that the public treasure mx\ 
 to bo lefl with iho V. 8. l>aid\ ami its blanches. PoHc nioveil to give it tlie uo-by. Yeas, Jwl 
 
 B. .SiUherlaiid, R. II. Uillet, J. Cramer, A. Vanderpind, 11. Hubbard, Polk, Cambrekti.'l 
 White, &c. .\ays, .1. U. Adams, Dixon H. Lewis, Dudley Selden, H. A. Wise, W. iSladfl 
 M. FilliiKjro, Iv l''veiett, Levi Liticoln. \e. Where was Collector Ltiwri-iico \ I 
 
 April '1, IKM, Polk's rcsolvt^ '• that the stale biinks ought to N: continued as the places of de[ 
 posit for the public money," Con-jress preseribing the mo.!e of selection and the .seeiiritiVl 
 (never done'), was carried in the House of llepre-en.aiivo-^, HT to 1 \'i. Yeas, Polk, CaiiilirJ 
 Jeng, Cramer, Beardsley, I'oekee, (Jillet. llamer, Huhhard, Richard M. and Cave JohtuviJ 
 
 C. VV. Lawrence, Maim, . I. V. Mason. Joel I!. iMiliierland, Vanderjioel, &c. iS'ay.s, Adair.T 
 (J. Q,.), Seidell, Slatie, MeDutiie, \\ Whitilc-ey, Lveivlt, Limolii, iV.'. 
 
 March 17, IKtl, Corham |)rosenlod a meiiKirial froni many iidluenlial and highly respeclahlil 
 inhabitants of Boston, fir the iiii'ijijioralion ol a national bank, and the restoration of the depf»| 
 sits. Polk, Byiuim, Cave Joiiasou, Beardsley, Vamlerpoel, Uillet, Mason, &;c., argued anl 
 voted against' allowing the names of the iietitioneis to be printed with the memorial. Thll 
 lime C. W. Lawrence letl )iis leader, and with Sutherland, Sclden, Wise, Adams, Ac., weni 
 lor allowing the people to see wim tlie petitioners were. 
 
ASURY- 
 
 m, as the cashiers o 
 md Lawrence, uniiei 
 
 in 
 
 Jriviii? the able and intrepid Duane, whom Jackson could neither bend nor 
 libe, from the Treasury, Taney, f"'- t days after his appointment, ordered the 
 , . , 'cesiJe"*' of the U. 8. Bank to deli er up the bonds given by the merchants of 
 
 ■^lUy woTe deeply mu^', 'hiladelpbia, for duties, to llie Collector there. It is presumed that a like order 
 las "iven in iSew York ; and the consequence was, that instead of the branch 
 ink here being a check, and a sale depository for the bonds, till paid at the 
 _iaiik) they were placed in the hands of Swurtwout and his reckless subalterns 
 manage as they thought fit. The result is matter of history.* 
 
 ink was not to be reclia;, 
 to Polk and Wright's pt 
 nd the vast number th; 
 ;'he state banks wanted 
 ck, was removed, andi 
 tnnces mipht place at iji 
 nry to printers, but, wlit; 
 rs ill Congress, was itnrj 
 deeply interested in th 
 me Court for the trial i 
 harlcr if shown to be to: 
 e heard in del'enee belu.'j 
 inued .^lander and par; 
 he ibrtnnes of bad mc- 
 :it they had been wroiige 
 
 IPotk, Wright, Van Bt. 
 Miircy, Taney, and ihtr 
 
 ♦ It has ofiL'n \y:e\\ foimd, on examining the aflfaii-s of a broken bank, that certain of its 
 ;li,jcrs and (iircetors owe it far larger sums than the stock they hold. These debts they con- 
 jvc to pay with the notes of their insolvent iiistiliition, at par, buying them in the market 
 jrJj tD 5J c.-nts prr dollar, an J thus ;,'-aining by th ■ failure. On the 7th of June, 1834, Mr. 
 iaius piojiosc I ri ivsuh',; reqii -sting the nam -s of the Presidents, Cashiers, Directors, Stoclc- 
 jljors. and Hulieitois, ui' all the b.inks tli:it iiad b.;.'n selected by Roger Taney, as tieasury 
 jaivs, when th'- U. S. Bank was di-^eanl.'l — th • amount of .stock held by each stockholder— 
 jl ihii amiunt oi'd.Mil due by each dii-eclor, cashier, and president of each pet bank, to the 
 ink, at the tim.' wh 'u it got the pulilic Hvasure, and at this time. This would have .shown 
 ,i't!iei' the banivs were in the h in.ts of bjrrjwing spjculators, whether they had borrowed 
 ji ihe public iii;)iiies, and wheiher th,>y had p.iwrover the banks without having a real 
 iiert'st in th'ir g u) I inanag'ni^nt. Nevin-^'s letter to lloyt, page 1S9, explains in part their 
 iluiulcr — could benetii ifB(.;|...;ii3s. Mr. A lams showed that it was not unusual for a favorite to be allowed to subscribe 
 
 reliire it was that in it, 
 
 ms as banks do txist, ae 
 ' safdij to the public, «r{! 
 srrr^ia: of ihc Trciisun ;■ 
 Dlleetors and receivers,! 
 , ((• tlwiii rh/irsrc to thep\ 
 
 large revenues, cmild h 
 ng itself at the same {■& 
 ;eneral circulation— as \ 
 
 In the hands of /trfwc'. 
 w use it at their own risi 
 leposite in a bank, cons;. 
 ieeping it, and Ibrthe* 
 ?r service than to kupvi 
 
 rd "that \\\n Indcpcnd-' 
 Hilda mental principles .. 
 • ; and that it is as palpj- 
 lie treasury much neat*: 
 |)liiiidered by a hundm 
 i!veiit we should feel ih: 
 •hful attention to -sudui 
 irruption." 
 
 louse of Representative 
 the public treasure on;: 
 it the iio-by. Yeas, k«. 
 jard, Polk, Cambrelen.' 
 , 11. A. Wise, W. fSladf 
 lawivnee ! 
 
 lined as llie places of d* 
 lection and the .seciiriti'^ 
 •J. \'eas, Polk, CJauilire- 
 M. and Cave Johnsiii 
 ■puel, &e. rs'ays, Adaic 
 
 al and liighly respeclaMi 
 ic restoration of the depf' 
 Vinson, &c., argued ati 
 'ith the memorial. Thi' 
 Wise, Adams, Ac., wen' 
 
 POLK QUASHES ENQUIRY— BINNEY PROPHESIES. 
 
 135 
 
 Di ~.')0,l);i ) of stoclc, be cli'cted a pivsidenl or director, and never pay one cent into the bank 
 rs; but, wh '11 ne coul.l. borrow th;' credit of th- bank .and olliei men's deposits. Mr. 
 screen.'d th ■ pjts, (ipposed all inlorniation, an 1 for ihe purpose of crushing inquiry, 
 !,r,-(',! an nuien Inn-nt ab')ut th;' I^ 8. Bank, wliii'h had no dejiosits at all to lend to any one. 
 amlindeng, loo, was upposed to inquiry, of course. Coulter said that secretary Taney had 
 oiforgotlen hisoun int.'iest in selecting the pels — that he, Taney, was the Attorney for one 
 !'' -in (the I'niiin Bank, Maryland) iliat he was also a large stockholder, and had moved 
 It'll posits so as to give new' valui' to his own bank shares, and increase his dividends — 
 lat this conduct was a violation of the law — and that Taney was not alone in such works, 
 s the returns would show. Mr. Adams was very sarcastic. He suggested to Polk, as 
 lairnian of the m/i/aniifl nuaiu^, to add to the pracdtnts with which lie had befogged the 
 iaust', by proposing that it be 
 
 /Jf.<»/i'(u', tint ilx tlKiiiks I'l'lliis lioiiii- lie aivt'ii to Uojcr B. Tanoy, secrel.'iry ot' the treasury, for his 
 'ffiim unit pisiNTi'iiiisTK" imlriolism in Iriiiisrcrrin'.; iho ine ol' the pulilic I'uiiiU from the lUnk of the 
 ^•Liiiti'il tiiiiii's, will r<; ilii'v will' iirij!il;ii)lt' Ui the [ii'uiilo, lo tht! L'liiou U'l'ik of BiilUinore, where they 
 j'wxw |)r((litiiliU! II) hiiiisell. ' 
 
 The guiliv usurers were in tlie majority, but all was kept dark. Campbell P. White bor- 
 iWL'd (»iV (/.■!:; 1 7-J,i)t)i)— the Butlers ,'S;!0,aO>)— J. G. Coster ft-JliO.OOO— James M'Bride«i;7G,000; all 
 ih and liuieli more out il the Manhattan. Of course the pidriul, White, wanted no inquiry. 
 Wk was Ihe leader of Ihe greedy usurers in their -'general scramble." Is it thus 
 iv are to account lor his pairoiuige of B. F. Butler'? On the 13th the resolution was 
 gain debated, and Mr. Miller ni'/ved to dispose ol it, as delay would quash inquiry. Polk 
 ;,il iiD—ilu' Usurers were in his niajoriiy, and inquiry was thus stilled till the general bank- 
 iiplc, 
 
 I8:n-H, t<)ld a sail tale, a day loo late. 
 
 lloiai e Binney ol' Philadelphia, in his speech ;ic;ainst Van Huren's Pet Banks, in the debate in 
 !ongre:..", Jauuaiy !)tii, IKM, had clearly loretold these results. 1 quote his remarks verbatim. 
 
 "Sir, the project astonishes me. It is to bring a second time, upon this land, the cur.se of an 
 iireyii'laleil, uncontrolled. State Bank paper currency. We are again to see the drama, which 
 Iready, in the couix' of the |iivscnt centurj', has passed before us, and closed in ruin, if the 
 inject shall be sui-eesslul, we are again to sec these paiier-missilcs shooting in every direction 
 itoagli Ihe conntrv ; a lierangenii'iu of all value; a depreciated circulation ; a suspension of 
 ;^wic payments; 'ihen a further extension of the same detestable paper; a still greater depre- 
 Inlion; Willi failures of traders and lailuresof Banks, in its train; to arrive, at last, at the same 
 iiintliMm whence we departed in 1817. SuIUm- me to recall to the recollection of the House a 
 'wol Ihe niiire striking events of that day. The hist Bank of the U. States expired in March, 
 till. Between the M of Janu;"y, IHI l", and theclose of the year 1814, more than one hundred 
 
 w Ranks wen' estalilisiied to supply this more unilbrm and better currency. For ten millions 
 
 capital called in bv that Bank, twenty millions of capital, fo cidlcti, was invested in these. In 
 he place of (ive-and-;i-half millions, about the amount of circulation in notes of that Bank 
 lithJrawn, iwenly-lwo millions were pushed out. Then came a suspension of spec'e pay- 
 I'HLs, in August and Sepieinbcr, 1811. As an immediate consequence of this suspension, 
 
 the course of tiltecn months, increased filly per cent., 
 
 
 
 t1 
 
 ,i^,,. 
 
 ii'culati 
 
 ly. 
 

 ii '; 
 
 ♦ • '.. 
 
 
 i-'"*":^';. •'■• 
 
 
 136 
 
 THE GRAND CATASTUOI'lU; OF 1837, 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 
 The very naino ofca politician orsuiiesnian. is sure to cause terrw and haired ; it ha^ aluj 
 lonuected with it I he ideas of treachery, eruelty, fraud and tyranny; and those writers m 
 have I'ailld'uUy unveiled the invsleries of suae treemasuiny, have ever lieen held in ^'itw 
 detestation fur even knowiuij so perle^'lly a theory so detestable. 
 
 BiHKK's VlXUiLATIOV Ol' NaTI.RAL i?Or|i;Ty 
 
 The Catastrophe^ 1S37. — Partnership Law. — The Pets versus the Subtrcasnt 
 — Free Buvking. — Kendall and the Post — Marcy''s Restrainmg Law. — C( 
 on the Banks. — The Brokers'' Jianlis. — Jaekson., Blair., Polk and RhcJn 
 against the >'^iibtrcas:iri/. — Cvlhuun for a Bank., in ISS-l. — Jackson il/n,,, 
 all hard. — Ciuld, nil gold. — 'Silas Wright and the Soulless I^xislencu 
 Harrison on Carrenc;/. — Tebbctt''s .SSlJOU Vault. — Jloyt and Allen work, 
 out the Art. — Ftagg''s Practice. — Van Baren\s 'Specie jSUxturc. — Pcd 
 Paper. — English Banking. — The Knaves'' League. — J^Ioi/t, iMciVully^ i!(| 
 above all Laio. — Bcnnttt L.r plains. — Knowledge is Power. — Cambnk 
 Webb., ike. — Walker and his I'tts. — Corcoran tS' .liigtp. — Four IluuiJn 
 Stockjohhers Sporting with Uncle Sam\f Strang Bo.r.—l]JcJJujf!c'sJyotiv» 
 
 En(.la.m/3 ropublicLiii poet, Juliii iNliltoii, thus n-conls in his ' Panuliso LuJ 
 the laiiuMitaiious uf tlio eldesl of liuiiuiti kind: " Xovv 1 perceive Peuctj 
 corrupt, no less than War to waste." Addison, one of her ahlest whis; sbiel 
 men, frankly dechires Ids opinion, that '' Tiii' waste of War is not, in its:.. 
 conrie(|uences, .so injurious as tlie luxuries and ctHruptions of Peace. " Jt. 
 (^uiuey Adams, with slili Liter experience, and certainly very superior \)om 
 of observation, anprovinc:!}' quotes Milton ; and assigns " the abuse of civiil 
 and the iM!t;.vruAiM;i) pursuit of inordinate weallli, especially by the agiad 
 of hanks," as the proximate causes of the great catastrophe of ly37.* 
 
 or lioni forly-live lo siAMv-ei^dit laiiiioiis of dollars; and the fniil of this more uniform cnnj 
 cy WHS Iti' Jtiiliirr (i) ii!iiiiiiicrii/j/r Inu/cis. iiii':/ii/iil(.i, even Jfinmr.'^ ; of one liundred aiid^i: 
 five hanlcs," with rapiials iiMiountim,' to ST^itM'OO.OOU ; and "a lo!rs to ilie United Stales, alcn' | 
 the ni\L(oei;ilion ol her loans, and in the nv-iipi of hanlaiipi j-ajier, loan lanoiint e.xceedinu' 
 niillioiis olMollars. * ♦ * Dms Keinncky wish iom e ih'-' ri.'Unn of ll.(/:-e days ? 1 inij 
 God it will ItL' (Ic'lealed, thai llie poor le .ii and lafonT-, m ti;e laiiii may resJM ii, loral 
 scheme to j^ei from every one of tln'm a dollar's worili othilior liu' (ifiy < eiils, and lo nialic iiif 
 the eiiiiciicy ol liie eourilry as nun'li as |uip( r." 
 
 .Mailin \ ;.ii linieii and his di'Mul K'.uli'i' ^aw il all pi-l a-- eleai'ly as liiiniey, hi, I lli^ lui!' 
 •MS wonki k'a\e it' noi i^oiued wiili pliiiKter, and he saiiaud even avaiiee itself, As cuiiv 
 Iboa, Jaek'sou and \'aii lanen saved a{.|ieManecs lij- aljU'-iiii^' the haiil.s and tjius wc.iku J 
 tlieir erjilit; aul in fJolland'> Life, pruned that year at liarllonl, hanks and jajier iir 
 are mispaiin^dy vilified. "Winn ijn^y irll wiili a eiash. Van liuren started the sulj-lrra- 
 while his insirunnTiis dentnuin ■( the i aiilcs lie hiinsell l;;;d cndnwed anil made. 
 
 * TiiK Ca'I'as'I'hopuk. — As I'arly as (.h"i,lnr. IMh!, die ir-aiely fuiul liaiilc sysii-ni was n„i 
 IkiW lip. Van lliiivu and Jaeks.ufs pri Imn.ks, wiili ihc heiuireiis ol' oihur banks creak >, 
 over ill" Unii'M, had inereaseil the i i;eiil;ilioii of pajcr as mniu'y bey( ml all precedent. L'. 
 tiling' that was lor saf; n.ve in price — rvciybody likes m .•ell in a dear markil, and tliriuj 
 many millions oi'dolhiis uorili ol foieii^^n incicliaii'li.^i' ua.s unpolled in IMi.") and Ib^'M, I 
 the aveia'.';e ul niore lru;.^al years — va.-t impia'ts l.ioii;.,l,t a .:;rcai revenue— the rcveiiiir »■ 
 handed over to the jiels lor sale kee'i'lm.':, and by ili-'in lent to ihcir inana;:;i'rs, to .•■peciilu:i [ 
 lands iiiul lo'.s, Ol' tor llie aceomnuKiaiion of ilie niciclKiiits ;,t i'l lo ril) pi r ceiji. iiiicrest, 'll 
 public land sales rose iroin one or two millions to 15 or rill in a year — the stales lent their r.j 
 lo bi.nlcs, III i'oiids payable with interest, iliey bei;an e\ti,iisi\e canals, iiJboads and eilur 
 proveiiien's, ofn-n wiliwii' .sy.siein. and w iiii mean, dislu/iie.-i parasites as their a^'ent- — the l::| 
 disposed of their ca|iiials lor laiay .-tocks, Te.vns scrip, and unsaleable prepeily — every !■ 
 ti'ok ereilil, a' boiiie aid aliroad — provisions re.se — injllions uiiiih of produce, poiatui", 
 Mcio mipi'Med, Ivir iildieu h w; luid land, u ..■ lui.i m i |ei.-iiie iu i.iilli\aie it, 'I'he idiifiiiy 
 
 jiuu- to '2, beim 
 
FiiAOo Axn HIS p. M'lvrv rrx'n wn rRr.i". nvNK?*. 
 
 J J/ 
 
 md haired ; it has, ahia 
 ; and those writers ii^j 
 L^'cr been hvld in ^^r,. 
 
 As a security, noL only to bankers, but also to nun chiint:;, inaniiliictuicrs, and, 
 Jin short, all persons who go into partnership in trade or denlingT, a complete 
 Levision and consolidation of the partnership laws would be invaluable to this 
 Icommunity. At present they are the crude provisions of the common law ; 
 ■and many capitalists are alarmed at the bare idea of an unlimifcd partnership* 
 
 or N.\ti:h.\l i^oi.itT.- ■iiHided with an ovcrslraiiicd, disU'iiipcrcd energy, ill diiTctccl. Tl 
 
 crsiis (he •Subtrcusnii 
 traiiiimg Law. — cJ 
 Po/k and RitcH 
 •^'1 • — Jac/ison Muhh 
 'oullens iix/s/e/ictj,! 
 and Allen icork^ 
 jM'ixlure. — J,\ii . 
 (loi/t, MciYully^ iX 
 Power. — Cambni'l 
 iiji/s.—Four //(,;,(/,] 
 -iMcDiiffif's JVolm 
 
 n his ' I'aradise LuJ 
 1 perceive Peace i 
 icr ablest whig stiiiej 
 War is not, in its 4 
 )iis vi: I'eace." J, 
 very superior pouf 
 " the abuse of civij 
 iceially bv the a!,'iiij 
 jhe of''ly'':j7.* 
 
 lliis luoir niiiCorni ciir.-j 
 1 one hundred aiidM 
 
 United f-:ta:es, aluD'' 
 un aniounU'Aceudin:;;. 
 
 el' iJ.o.'rC' days ? 1 ifuvl 
 
 1 may resi^ it, ((irii;.[ 
 >■ '"'ii^,;nidtoiiiokrir,] 
 
 as ih'iincy^ 1)1,1 iij^i,.; 
 •■11 iw iiNdC Asciiiiv 
 idvs and tiius wcikii. 
 Itanks and j:a]ier iimI 
 Mfutcd the Mib-tin. 
 and made. 
 
 :!aidc s}>;cin wm, n:,,,| 
 ')' oilier li.idiscrcaii.', 
 nd all I reredeni. tv.;l 
 Mr marliet, and ihnu| 
 in IK]') and l^:i(;, Irv 
 veiMii:— till' r. veiiiir »| 
 i;in:i;,';'ri«, to ^|).•(■ll|;l;l 
 " I" r cent. imcM>i, 'i| 
 •llic ^lak.s lent ilicirr; 
 , r;.i)!oa(b; and oiliu J 
 > ilieir a^j-cnt-— ihel; 
 'li' |'ri')ieily— evny i 
 of I'nj.tiice, j:ulalui>, 
 ill"-' II. _ TJie uouiiti) 
 
 live 111 debi, and C>'i)n:,'i'i>ss bad (jrilrred many nulliousol' lisiiumni 
 
 lent to 1 
 
 n:' .- tales — 
 
 IliMin the [iiiblic to the ban 
 
 lariji' Minis 
 
 tr, 
 
 m the 
 
 at his land-sales- 
 and west to ti 
 
 ic nati'inal ;^'overnment was 
 i)aiiei' irea.-iii'es tcj Ije disUi- 
 
 ■:)()ll,('ilO,()!)0 wi 
 le sca-bo;ird eilje; 
 
 duo 
 -and 
 
 Itiic IwnKs and comniereial peo]ile were deeply in debt tu l-lurripe. The i'\-ppiuliiiiie iilthe i'ede 
 I sovermiii'Mi was Ijeyoiid its ineouie, but ii lifd ilio puwiTcjl jiled^^Miij; pnbli'.- (.'ledii bv placin^^ 
 .tiea.siuy nutes cii' due liiils inlii liie hands dI' la\'uiite liankers to he Mild lor v;old .in'cl bilvi.r, 
 Is power was not too wisely Uf-ed. Some six or eiL;hl lianlii is and creat Iradiii"' houses 
 
 Sllil il> 
 
 liii Eii'.'l 
 
 mcl. alloweil 
 
 coiimiere.ial jieople' of j,a)(jd and iniiitlineia re|.uti! in these si; 
 
 a's 
 
 to dtc 
 
 |oii lliein iiii' vast amounts, in payment ul' gooil.s lor the Amei lean maiia-l; eha racier was no 
 
 IX.S'IV e.';-.e 
 
 iilial to success in iili 
 
 IllvC 11 
 
 iiishiVMins, and the vei\' nature ol' 
 
 meieaniile luin.s witiiuiiL eapii 
 
 il 
 
 or experii'iHie rose ame;i)>. 
 
 eoimiieive was ehan.'/eil 
 
 l.si 
 
 )eL-iilati\"e L'i 
 
 : ml il 
 
 ini' ill 
 
 ; visionary, iinslable Itasis. 'I he En'.,disli jieople did not understand the prollii,'ale Ljaine wliieh 
 
 IV;aii''n"'n and Ids tdlies were play 
 liicaii iioiior v,'as unbouuded; aiul 
 
 :n Aliens, "Wri-rhis, I'^hi'^^'s IJiddles, Wooilbm \s, Jaue 
 
 in;r. Tlieii' (•oidiijenee in Amerieari iiisiiiiiiioiis and Ame- 
 tlu^y believed liuil the iioyis, Oleulls, SwarUvouts, Mare\> 
 
 ;na M 
 
 11, 
 
 tiiifiu, pos--e.s.se<l f^rea'i rmaiudal skill, in ihe end they ta.'-a.d iis i|iia]i;y, to Uieir eosi. 
 
 11.'- new eon- 
 
 Tae Kaiik ol' i'.nLrlani'l had been unus 
 
 tall 
 
 V linen 
 
 in l: 
 
 %ij aiid 
 
 l.^IiO, 
 
 ]>ill 1 
 
 irokers, and e^ 
 
 in ils loans to joiut .viijck 
 
 peeiall) to cOiiie scvcii or ei;_,iil eoniaiLii-iat llou.--e:^ laijjeiy inkie.'.led 
 
 the Norlh Aniei ii/an trade. Siiddenh', die r''mitlance:s Ircm the Unit'd Slates 1 
 
 sricen. 
 
 The IJank 
 
 idi 11 
 
 ow hassiviv iiiillie.ii.s in .•;iild in il:. i unLrs, ibi,iid it eli'ro; 
 
 an to 
 
 iit'h'ss than twenty millions in Deeembvr, iMliu, \-.hilsi it otmiI i:iie handled and iiit,- million:. 
 
 Tlie Diroete 
 
 ■k! 
 
 h;;i the vasi iniani'ial im.eaine enUaisied lo ine'ir eaie was m ilan^fer l;v tiieir 
 
 iiwu eareles>.ness; they called iu tllcir loans wiih uunsiiai haste; and lieiiij^ privately advised, 
 
 I l)v iiiti:-!lis;eiit correspondents oa this side the oeean, oi' ihe totter! ni.;: con Jitioa ol om- ei edit .system, 
 
 v> tinkered by the polilieians, di:-eourai;;cd the purchase of Ihe bonds ol'nearivall ihe hoiiov.ini,; 
 
 ■mle 
 
 .; raised the rale of inleii si lo Jive per cent.; depressed Ihe \ alne ol' eoimnodilies ot all 
 many indli(.iii.s; and duis ri. covered kuiuc tniity or Ibriy niillions of ; |-eeie, deemed chan- 
 
 I to llie sail tv ol'the insiitution. and whieh thev had too he 
 
 esslv parted wid 
 
 I'jaily iu lS!i7, many hea\'y taihires to.ik j;! 
 
 in the eiU' ol' -\i w 'i ..-rk' 
 
 ii.n ni 
 
 w'li our Sakiv I'lim 
 
 III' 
 
 1). 
 
 It r,.i 
 
 Alay iha 
 
 ji">;ew ^orl.. n solvrd lov.iibliold ravnieniol' 
 
 iluir |usl debts. — the l)i-y Doek iJaiik led ihe way, and in a i'rw days (t.'l) dep 
 
 01 real or 
 
 iiii;iu:niarv wealth wer.- as jianknip 
 
 i as Van Linrea".-. old lUiilalo. or iJialer and llovl'.s Wasl 
 
 :ien aiul Warren, .\1: 
 stale banks beiiar reli 
 
 icy .iiid Ills associates speed 
 
 lilv 
 
 di/ed tip's limns 
 
 ioa^ 
 
 li'oin al 
 
 itlier elieeks ihtiii iho.-e ol" tludr 
 
 fraud; aiid 
 
 paper exejiancrcs and 
 
 isiisol' p:.ili'ieaie(immissioiiers,,sv//(/ their specie for i;.";poil:ilio!i, ;uid j 'a id the demands of 1 1 
 
 111'.' v 
 
 '..'overninent on thorn, in I'ai'i, in a eiirieiic\- w.ui 
 
 W) 
 
 11 
 
 .1- 
 
 li0.ve\'er, ri.'diiecd ilieir loans iioi; 
 J'en- to '2, lieim' a withdrawal of 
 
 hi !.. 
 
 !l> 
 
 inillio! 
 lal til 
 
 and ll 
 millii 
 
 )ier eu 
 
 ai. 
 
 'fl 
 
 e ei 
 
 IV ba 
 
 ma,, 
 
 icT iio.es ill eircnialioil irom 1) mil 
 
 1 1 
 
 I I'Oil! 
 
 se, ilieir l>rokers did 
 
 a I a rue 
 
 biisine 
 
 w ilh notes of everv uraue in vtilue. fioui one eeiu lo I'lie iniiuhvd- 
 
 sh creditors were very easy with their debtors, 'j'lie Bank of I'.n.rhind allowed Jame.s 
 Mniu'ii of [dV''rpi)ol to draw on tliem f ii' ii,:,!u vU' ten millions ol' dollars to u| hold credit here, 
 iiiid ol'lhat Slim 1 ililnk lie did ihaw for ab-.ui one half. On the jlh of Dec. l.'^iJT, Van Euron's 
 
 LV told the jiublie. that of iliirlv millions iu the pet btinks. •rovernment could not eum- 
 ■Treasur\' noie-; were p.'iiii t.i iliv jmiilic creditors i;i lieu of real 
 
 tif 
 inand 
 
 Oils 
 
 injnev, ani 
 
 1 ili. 
 
 cii niiHieo- Ol 
 
 SI? iiutes were reeeivi 
 
 d !, 
 
 \ iiie 
 
 Cnstniii Ibiiise in 
 
 ;\ nieiil ol iioveinmem oulics 
 
 Bank hill.^ were refu.-ed. 
 
 *Tin-; Fni'K B.\\k:>, — The reader, by rel'ernai.; to llie eorrespondetice of Tdw-.'^rs. FlarT':r, Cuf- 
 llii<,', C. L. LivniLC.stoii. Marey, lloyi,and IMielps, will pereedve. ihat wiien ciiaiteied bankini; liad 
 bu'-ii sold, and l)aileied. and btirijained oft' to lav irili s, lo make presideiiis and f.fo\-eriiors and 
 >iioh like, till tlie I'abrie of Van Ibiren knavery totiereil lo its be.se, a new leaf v,-as proiiosed to 
 be turned over, by makin;.,' baiikin:^ free, takinij the slock of Arkansas, Alabaiu.i, Pemi.syiva- 
 iiia, Michiuaii, Illinois, Indiana, >.*ce., as seeuiiiv, or bonds and moriijau'es on pri\al • piopertv 
 
 I II ended, 
 
 " ' ■ L<raiitie 
 
 jiany, J. 
 
 i he people 
 
 id t.'ikeu. and what l.e- 
 
 inthis State. How hot tlovl. I'laii'u', Culling, "Xe., were foi- this new fciatetv h'tuu 
 
 like the firM. bv 
 
 ;i\ ill',' i\ri a sprml'dm 
 
 if bro'aen fiee triule banlcs; some of t! 
 
 sriieincH of wiiolesale knaveiy, like ili" IVoiih Ameiican Tiust and Haiilciir 
 U. Beers, President; others eqiirillydepn ate in eliaracter, bm on a iiiimie se 
 lost, by the insol\-eni banks, from 5 to •),') per eem. on the notes diev had t.'ik 
 came of those who trusted funds with llie>:i mav readily be truessed, As to ihe fe 
 
 ner; 
 
 free 
 
 
 ;»e 
 
 fl 
 
 Ii 
 
 M 
 
i 
 
 138 
 
 FREE BANKING. MARCY REPEALING VAN BUREN's GAG. 
 
 H- : . •■ 
 
 < J- :'■' 
 
 
 banking, with a remedy provided for neglect or dishonesty which is no remedy 
 at all. Such a law, preceded by a commission ot' practical inquiry, is tinM 
 Wanted. On the tith of March last, Mr. Hard, in Senate, expressed the opinion 
 that " banks had cost this country, by their expansions, failures, and suLsiqutui 
 revulsions, five hundred millions of dollars." Banks, like merchants, are vtry um'. 
 ful to society ; but as long as the government shall continue to be a sort of patmt 
 panic manufactory, and the laws not be made for the public benefit, we sl,a! 
 hear continual!;' of the stoppages and explosions of our defective fnianciiui 
 machinery. What can be more insulting to the understanding of the Amerir,:,! 
 people, than to behold a league or band of their hired and. well paid oHicials 
 
 trade law, the Supreme Court have decided Ihnl the legislature could not, on thiir o.ntlis. c,: 
 stitutionally pass it, but the Senate of N. Y., as a Court of Errors, have drnlaicd, that ;i^ ; 
 Senate they made no mistake at all. Then- was no other bankiiig in this stale lor the li. 
 twelve or (liurteen years of its independence thim free hankint;' un(ier the J'",ii:.'lisii p!nlnei>l.i; 
 law. Levi M'Keen's was a free hank' ; so \vas Jjudli I'arkei'.-; KNcliiiiiije; luu they did i.,'. 
 .solve the jijrand secret, staliilily and unit'ormiiy of vnhie. Ann's Kmdall, like Sir U(jKrl l\y. 
 declares that "tree banking is liee .yainblin','." On the eimiraiy, Mr. J'ryani df the 1 (v 
 would make hanking free to all. He is a lilicriy boy in ri,i,'ht earnest. He would thiowii 
 reins over the horses' necks, and trust io their disfrdion noi id upset ihc corch, so he wor,! 
 J'Lxperience. on the eont-ary, wonld check thi' qiiadrujcds. and tlie editor of the Post, if he v;; 
 hut look at the results of free-bankin;^ in IS. Y. since last he reviewed Kendall, may fnid li,;; 
 Ids dwn opinion requires reviewing also. Van I'ureirs idea of I'ree-lmnkinsf needs onfy in l • 
 Slated. In March, 1017, he introduced a bill to Senate tor a new Innkinp; system, yroVidir; 
 that not more than five persons niii:hi associate as free-liaidcers, to be jiiintly tind severally Vi. 
 sponsible, and do business only at a plaee speeilitd. la 'ase ihe b.u.k stop jKiynn'nt oi' i 
 notes it shall pay ten per ecu!, interest on the ainuinl to the holders; ii-. jiariiiiis mu'-t nc 
 wliile (hus as-oei'-.tt.'d. bin prain, sell nTclt.'indi/e. or deal in s''eiiriiies or Meeks, unless wht' 
 'i'ey have Io tai.e them ioi debt. 'J'Jie banic to n'pori once a year to ihe ci inpiiolh r. In r;,' 
 t\:\y private banker or his e.ishier, clerk, or ai'ent should lie coiivieicd ol'liaud in his lusinct- 
 he"miq:ht be lined from a cc.it to Jrl.OOO, and sent between one day and fcven years to stnii - 
 prison. Why did not this last elau.sc apply to ehaiiered banks '! 
 
 Governor Alany denounced the X. Y. Hcstraiiiinij Law ;,s a most odious monopoly in 1> - 
 messae:e of IBIJ?. Ot rovrsr \;\\\ Bmcn had been liiendly to it. On releienee Io" Sci;;, 
 Journal, 1818, paije 17t), I find thai the Ilcsirainin;; Law provicUd, that ni> indivic'.ual, as!-ocir,- 
 lion, or body corporate, " .shall keep any otlice cd' deposit lor the purpose oldiseouiiiing ptrmi- 
 " sory notes; or for carrying on any hankin'j; business which incorporated banks aie autlini- 
 " ized by law to carry on ; orissiieany bills or promissory nelcsas (ri\;ite hrinkcis, iMdosc-pc 
 "cially authorized l)y law." A clause in the bille.xi'uifited.laeoh Hinkei's luink lor three ycnx 
 from the monopoly ; <.n.l this was opposed by C.d. Yonns', and Messi--. l^owtie atid (Iririnicr.i;. 
 Ne:;t day, March 'i-llli. Von Riiren, Voun;'x, ewi vbody went for |^rivi!e!,'e, and the hill j assoi. 
 
 In jM-it), Jan. ^0, in S,'iiate, Mr. Clay assumed il as a faei, that wiili liiis i (institution, 1 arl, 
 paper will exisi, and cannot be put down. If it is sioppeii in one state, another will flood th,''' 
 stale with its paper and tret the profit. He insianced states wldeh htid oj-j-ost d iiajxT in eveiy 
 shape, hut finding that iither .stales .supplied it to tiieiii, changed their joliey, in onlcr iL: 
 they might have some of the advantages of p;iper. 
 
 Thiers tell us that the Freneh I'ei'.ublieans di'-liked bank noies, end v.'rre enraged at ih'' 
 abolition of the assignals. '-'rhe inleniion of ha\iiig recourse t<j the fin; ncial cimpi.nii.;; ir- 
 vived all ]irejudices. The government,"' they said, '• was going to give it^lt up agi.iii to ttock- 
 jobbers ; it was about, by establishing a banlc, to ruin the as>i'jnats, and In desiioy llie prpn 
 money of the republic, in order to suliMitiUe lor il a 1 1 ivati' ) aj er en aled ly jo' 1 cis." 
 
 The Senate's Committee on Banks, Alb.iny, Apiil, JSl"), iloeuinciii ',17, describe, in prrt.tl/ 
 operation of the general banking law of IH.'Js, thus: — 'Ihcic are instiiuiions, " c;,lleil laijk>, 
 principally owned by broker.s in New '^'oik, whose soleorchiel hiisiiu v> is, to oliain bills Iniii 
 the comptroller and to put and continue them in ciiculr.iion ; b; iiks w hieli do not h nd nu iicv 
 Among these they mention the ' Farmers and Mcelianies' Hank of ()£;(lcn^blirgh,' which h\u 
 S208 73-1 of their notes in circulation, and had not lent tlic piuhlic one cent ; the Jtmcs' IJai k, 
 Amenia Bank, Farmers \; Mechanics' Bank, Rochester, ;iud twoor thiee more ; in all, eight; 
 capital IftSTl 093; notes in circulation, ifi.Ma ^lOfl ; loans and discounts to the public only 
 .•ShIT.IWO. Would it not be as well for the republic Ui have the inteiest on this eiiculaiion tis 
 the few brokers that now get it? Probnblyeven the ;Jr37,I)'J0 lent, is cliiclly lent ..ythese banks 
 to their owners." The committee a isider tlie Wiiiie Plains Bank, and the Warren County 
 Bank, and several others, to he of liuc character. Thet-c bunks arc not lenders of nioncy, 
 aay the committee — they arc borrowers. 
 
 as 
 
 I condemn an m 
 jtyrannical, inn 
 land when the: 
 Ipillaged for ye 
 I wheel quite ro 
 Ipropo-sition 
 Wright, Crosw 
 the sub-treasu 
 Secretary D 
 banks (of our 
 sury Departmc 
 demands, that 
 independent of 
 ponded, » tha 
 partment as tc 
 congress or th 
 officially expr 
 
 I *\VllATW\STH 
 
 prfssionofiill \m^ 
 Bonlnn, ill a leni'r-- 
 I' Gold nnd silver 
 jSosaldBl.tir, M:irc 
 Were not ihfcmtr 
 in pill icli tlie iKe"; 
 Vni'iii, fniiing i" J 
 Wriiiim In 1^37. 
 (l.cliiriiii! timt " til* 
 
 by llliiif! ''*i' I""!''' 
 wlioli" country will 
 
 "had ll"' 'ii">'t ''111' 
 which a few Immlr 
 dollars. InlKH.w 
 
 • p.'dient. Troauc 
 •nrdlsciiuiit.liowi 
 "lioii.ioCleaislaiio 
 "these soulless ex 
 
 I "need. Now lei 
 
 "Itiisttlie siil'ckii 
 
 '■fpcinsiblc ti> ilt^ell 
 
 Wright at Ihe him 
 
 miinev, stomlily. '<: 
 
 1 holdngiipiis ""' 
 
 III 1 scutcheon ! « 
 
 "clliir loiiioiliici' 
 
 "di'i pi'f iiiio iHJiii 
 
 "country furpene 
 
 " (if u^iU^v■ it is nil 
 
 rmlly lieli'Vrd tlii 
 
 nviv set impiiliir f 
 
 Whi'ii Van Uui 
 
 wit.-. Tildii-lx » 
 
 liiild, uol tlie spi'C 
 
 ('nihil or .lipiii'- 
 
 B.ncn. In tlnw 
 
 ch' cK upon II liiin' 
 
 were ecciisi' null) 
 
 .MliMi, llie n ceivt 
 
 pusitK in n hii'k, 
 
 in New York, ro 
 
 (ii«; niso in pus 
 
 Ulh (if Sepfiii'"' 
 
 inbreak hini d^v 
 
 Itclioii of ihe rB> 
 
 (IninE iheir verv 
 
 nil wiinl it. H' 
 
 Allviny.nnrt iwi 
 
 Fur Mllli'ins pe 
 
 ; tim Fi dinil Oov 
 
 * of coin about I hi 
 nmiuiil ndvanta 
 
 Van Bunn \ 
 balanced and hi 
 for Vbu Bureii, 
 
!N's gag. 
 
 THE GRAND JACKSON REFORM — WHAT WAS IT ? 
 
 139 
 
 '■T' 
 
 which is no remed 
 ;al inquiry, is niucfc 
 qjifssed ihe opinio^ 
 ues, and subsequcui 
 [^hants, arc vtry uso. 
 o he a sort of patent 
 ic benefit, we sLai; 
 deltctive financiii 
 Hi;- oi" liie Aniciic,,, 
 .\\eil paid oHkJal, 
 
 lot, on thv'iT oniiis, c, , 
 ivi' drclarcd, ihat'i.r- 
 in this sinie ilir die i' ,i 
 If K)i:.'lisli pmlncivl 
 lit,''-; liin ilirv (li.l 1,:, 
 ill, like >:irR(ilrrU-,,,: 
 li'. I'nani (/f ihp i,,.' 
 J If W(M'!(( tliiowiii 
 
 Ih' fd.-H'll, Ml ll(.' M(.r' 
 
 i-«iltl)t> Post, if )-,,. vi- ■ 
 Krridall, may iii.d U; 
 
 Hiking: iiwri.soiiryio! 
 iJiy: system, providir 
 .'lutly and Mnvrally y. 
 i.k Mop paymciu vi , 
 it'- jiariims miM r.r: 
 orMi'ck-i, iiiilr.'-s w}j|.. 
 '• rcnipiioll, r. j,, f!..,, 
 lliatid ill his liiviiKj. 
 d .'fvcn yrars lo m.-ip. 
 
 'dioiis jiitmopolv in h ■ 
 11 ntricni.'f iij" fc'i'M,. 
 Ill' indivic'iial, n'^njcir,. 
 ofdiscoiiiifiiin^prrmi.'. 
 .'iti'd lianks aro auilint. 
 
 V li.inkrts, indosc-rp. 
 's liank /fT thicc yt,-.,. 
 lowiip and UruinKrr 
 V, and ilic hill ja.-M.i 
 Ins idnMiimion, Iril 
 :noihcr v;i)| flood r),M 
 JT""< d jiapcr in cvrn 
 
 ]<-|licy, in oi.lcr ilu.': 
 
 I v.-( re cni-a,q:rd af il;.' 
 uncial I'lmi'i.nitb \,: 
 ^clt iipa,i,'aii) l(ut(.fk. 
 I todoMioy ihc rrp,, 
 I l>y jo! lci-..» '' 
 , docribo, in p.Tt.tl;. 
 li'in^, "call,-,! iu,,i,. 
 
 If', "mi:, la in hills In )i, 
 li d(i mi Itnd nu lav 
 'n^hl.Jpll,' whicli li;',: 
 '; III!' James' Ihn \; 
 ' more; in all, oigjit;' 
 « lo the pnhlic onlv 
 m lliis eiiculaiion i,s 
 
 V lent ..y these hinks 
 llie Warren Coiiniv 
 
 t lenders ol' money, 
 
 condemn an important measure, as vile, unprincipled, infamous, revolutionary, 
 tyrannical, innately corrupt and base, and an open violation of the constitution ; 
 and when they have thus crushed and blackened it, and left the country to be 
 pillaged for years by other means of their providinj^, to see them all of a sudden 
 wheel quite round about, and begin to puff and laud the same old and repudiated 
 proposition, as if it were a voice from heaven 1 Was it not thus that Polk, 
 Wright, Croswell, Van Buren, and their interested allies acted in the matter of 
 the sub-treasury and the pet, state, local, or treasury banks l 
 
 Secretary Duane replied to Gen. Jackson's recommendation of chartered state 
 banks (of our politics) as being thi? best sub-treasuries for the parly : " Trea- 
 sury Department, July 10, 1833. It is manifest that the welfare of the people 
 demands^ that instead oj beimj a partner in cilhrr, thnj [the people] should be 
 independent of both Unitid States and local banks.'''' To which Jackson res- 
 ponded, " that be had himself asked Congress, so to organize the treasury de- 
 partment as to dispense with hanks, but that he had not been attend(;d to by 
 congress or the people." Sixtt.'en months after that, the Gloue, by Blair, thus 
 officially expressed the deliberate opinion of Jackson, Van Buren,* Wright and 
 
 * What WAS THE .Iackson RnroRM TO CONSIST IN- 7— It Ih to oiiil. sniil Illnir, for Viin Hornn, "in tlic sup- 
 pression of all paper money mid' r $100." — " I wiinlil invseir Imiiish all p;i|icr money under $100," said T II. 
 Benlnn, in a luiier. — " Ristrirl nil Issnrs of hunk liills bcOow S'O. lo ihwilli,' i|iiotli the IJemociiilic Review.^ 
 'Gold and silver roin is Jackson rnnncy ; notes wiili pirtnres on tli' iii. |iromi>iM<: to pav, llje bank's money." 
 So said Bl.ilr, M:ircli "JO, H.M. Did nut the plan oi 1m37 preserve iliu Jiickson money exclusively lor the rich ? 
 Were not Ihe cmitradiitorv plans of Van Huron and I'lilk tried ? Did ilicy do more or liss than rob tlio honest 
 MPiirlchtlie base and arrfnl 1 Diil not thr fr/oAe pour forth hosaiinalH lo the exclusive gold currency of the 
 I'nion, ending in Jesse lloyt's knavery here, and naiiini.il liankrnptcy, repuiliation, sliiii pla^ilers, and Silas 
 \Vrij;llt? In 1^37, the Albany Ue^'iiicy i'sued a tnanif.^lo, tbroii'.;!! tlie Ariius, ileiouiiciiig tiie loro foe,<H, and 
 d'Cliiriiig tliat " they never entertained the visionary project of an exclusive metallic currency ;" hut tlie Globe, 
 by lllair, liad prophe.sied, In Id^i, tliat "in smeo m 'iiths iVoin iIjIs time, bink rai^s will li'; abolished, and lliu 
 whi'le country will he overspread with i:o!(|." In IKU, Silas Wriu'lit alihorrud the bank and stale divorce, and 
 "had the most entire coiirideiici' in the toll and coiiiobte succiss of the Lpet hank) experiment," by nii-nn?* of 
 wliicli a few hiiintred gamblin;; leaders tiilla|;ed the iisi fnl clause- of society lo lln! extent of twiuily imlliond of 
 dollars. In IH:i7, we hnd Wrijht cxrlaniiinK, '■ What, then, can ConiiP ss do i Wean»W( r, try theyet untii'dcx- 
 '' p''dient. rroduce a perfect and entire separation between the linaeces ol tiie nalion and a>l tlio banks of Issue, 
 "or diiicount, however, or bv wlial authority existini; ; b'tweei tlie ii;.iioii:il Ueasorv and th ise artificial crea- 
 '■tioiisofleaislaiion upon wliicli wc have so unt'orinnatily aii'inplid lo d' pi ml. Welnve tritd the laitli ol 
 "these snnlless exUtenees, iii all theii fomis of bein^. niui iliat lUiili has always filled ns In tlii' lioiir of utmost 
 "need. Now let us try the laith of natural persons, of moral accon. table agents, of freemen. Let Congrciu 
 "irust the sale ki'epini: of the public treasuie with citizens, as such, and not as iiank cor|K)rators : with men lo- 
 "fpiinsible to itself and not to moneyed inslitntions." .M this hour, (.March. HKJ.) tin' state otTS'ew Vork, with 
 Wriglit at the head of it, n'ld the linied Hitites government, wiih I'o'k at the helm, tire irnstinf; t n inillioiis et 
 niiiney, steadily, to the artificial cr a'ions, ilie soiilbss exis'euci's, which always tail, while the iidministnilion is 
 liold tig up as "the great salvation." the old subtreasury sclieiii" of if' 10 Are not sucb iiien abloi in the iiiiliipn- 
 ,d c sciilciie<in ? (•■ iieral llairison, in liis inaiiL'iira.l, said, "if llnre i- owf nieasnre beitrr cal niated than nn- 
 "otlnr to produce thai state of tliinL's. by xvhicli the rich are daily addinir to tin ir lionids. and lln- poor sinking 
 "di'iper into |){!iinry, it is an excliisiie inetallii' cnrr.'nry. Ur if there i< a pr.icess liy 'vliicli the character of the 
 "cnniitry for generosity and nohleneisol feelingmay be destroyed by tlie gii at inerenseand necessary tiderntioii 
 "(if usury, it Is an exclnsivf metnlic currency." Now the state tied U. S. uovrriinient roniiniinlly act as If they 
 really bell'Ved this, while thev coiiii nie.nevertlii'less, lit-tily to vocilVrate in ftnorof a rlmn^e, in order that they 
 m:iv set popular fivor ami pick up votrs. 
 
 When Van Uuieirs Sub-Trinsiiry I' itno into operation, in New York.it made rare sport to the Wall street 
 wits. Tibbels a coiisi.rv.iiive bl.idvimith. hanimired out an iniinense Inn vault or safe, at a cost of $H,000, to 
 liiilil. not llie specie, hut tie' bioik not' s, while the s;iecie was in the b inks, or payi'g for .Aineiictin purchases ill 
 Ciiiiia or J.ipaii. The inn vault was nil a den piimi to blind the nal itnuns till after the re eh ction of Van 
 K'lien. In those days. Hoyi a:i<l his ca-hiers received in jiaynient uf dnli's, in lieu of specie, the inerclnint's 
 chi ck upon a bank, endorsed "pnyalile tn specie." with bank notes of specie paying banks. Toe checks aim the iinn") 
 wereocrasi' n.illy kenl i i the iion vault, hut tie- com reinaim .1 in the h mk vaults ; and if one went to .Stephen 
 .Mien, the n reiver general, to get money for a treasury note, he too paid in paper, 'I'ln; ("ollecior made his de- 
 posits in a hank, and then reported to Aden lis n reiver twice a week — the divorce of bank and slate, thcreliire, 
 ;n .New Vork, ronsisted in placing the revi niie in binks, and leieiving no specie, or as litlleof it as po-sible, fordn- 
 III s ; also in pasdng lb'' pa|ier dollars tbrongh the hands of llnyt and .Mien instead of only one of iheiii. On Ihn 
 nth oi'Septenibpr, IH37, Rennett said in his Herald, thai Callii'iin iniLlit be goim.' ultra wnth Van Ritren in order 
 Inbreak liliii down Oni? tliinn Is clear, Butler, Hnyt &. Co., so ninnag d lit e tarilf, the miIi trensnrv ami tli" col- 
 lection of the revenue, ns to deceive the souh. by aepeaiing to follnw mi" line cit' ii.,licy while in Iriitli tiny wern 
 iln.ng their verv iltniosl auainsl it. A sta^e siili ireasiiry h talked of now at Albany, but it's all talk. Flagg does 
 n 'I want it. Horace Creeh y says, " the Manlintian and Hank of ilie State here, ihe Karmeis .itid Mechanics' ,i| 
 Albiny, and iwoortlireeinore pet ' monsters ' bavetbe haiidliiig, keeping, and unrslricli il lending ol tlie Poiiror 
 Fur Mllli'ins per nnnuin, cidl'cted and disbursed bv oiv Siali', on terms fn more lax than ilmse accorded by 
 Ilin Fecleriil Oovernnieiit, AM this vast niii'inni is resuliirly coliech'd and disp' rs d in Hank Noies — not a sliver 
 nfcoln about ih>- business — nnd our Coniptroilcr and tliu Hanks are always playing into each other's linnds, for 
 mniual ndvanlaite." 
 
 Van Buren wrote finvernor Reynolds, March fiili, 1811, praising -'a mixed currency, composed of n well 
 balanced and harmonious rn operation of the stnndnnl of value and Its paper representative." Benton cnnviuied 
 fur Vail Buruii, lit JWiO, as biiuy " n real liurd inuiiuy iiioti.'' JuckKon says, hi lii^ letter to Mones DuwMon, " 1 
 
 ^i 
 
 J** ■ 
 
 i 
 
 V 
 

 1 1 
 
 r I 
 
 I I' 
 
 l 
 
 140 
 
 rOLK AND CO. AT YF.S AND NO. BRITTSlf BANK REFOKM. 
 
 the I'Miy tlioii ill powor, relative to a ronewal of Dnane'fl proposition, when 
 formally made in (^ongrcss : if^r^-" I'Ik? proposition of Mr Leigh ' to dissolve ^j^j 
 ^^ all connection between the treasury and banks,' is disorganizing, revolu-^} 
 ^^ tionary, subversive of the fundamental principles of our government <^^ 
 ^^ and its entire practice, from 1780 down to this day; it is as palpable '^ 
 ^a^^-^as the Sun, that the ellect of the scheme would be to bring the public ^§] 
 {ji^ treasure much nearer the actual custody and control of the Presitlent -^-fj] 
 ^.- than it is now, and expose it to be phnidered by a hundred lnuuls, «£;. 
 g(^ where one cannot now reach it."«-'^ When 1 say that this is the delibo. 
 rate stiilement of the Globe of Nov. 20, 1S;11, by authority — that the journals 
 of Congress show that the jn'oposition (and for the same reasons too,) was reject- 
 ed by the nearly unanimous votes of Jackson and Van Buren's friends — tli:it 
 the faithlessness of pot bunks was as well known and tested in ls;^4 as in Is;; 
 — that Calhoun, in Senate, March 21, 1834, when discusshig the (pieslionoi 
 excluding all but specie from the receipts of the government, said, " J3ut thos 
 is in my opinion a strong, if not an insuperable objection against resorting tn 
 this measure, resulting from the fact that an exclusive receijit of specie in th^ 
 Treasury would, to give it eHicacy and to prevent extensive speculation ami 
 fraud, reijuire an entire disconnection on the part of the government with tin; 
 banking system in all its forms, and a resort to the strong box as the means ci'g 
 j)reserving and guarding its funds — a means, if practicable at all, in the present 
 state of things, liable to the objection of being far less saft;, economical, ami 
 efficient tiian the jiresent," adding " niy impression ir^, that a new bank of the 
 U. S., engrafteil upon the old, would be found to combine the greatest advan- 
 tages, and to be liabh> to the fewest objections ;"* and that same year he remaik- 
 
 :ttti, :in(l ever linvp Iiimh, (ippo-f iI in ,i|l kinds ot'iidVPiiiiiii'iil pnp'v riirrciii'v, li'l it be ili'rivcil iVniii llic cxcliriiiiT 
 (ir oiiirrwi-io." V;iii l!iir"ii liciriii liis ri'i'jti liy tin' issiw ol'a •■ yiniTinru'iil pnpir riirniicv," in ll»' rorm uf inr 
 >^iiiy iiNtr.-'. VVIiili" Vnii liiirun is I'or a irrll hnlanceJ, ininil riirr(iii-ii,J;n:t\-"m .isks lla«>oii Wlierr is ilie iisi." 
 a puppr mrrfiicy ■? Neiilur the niiTiiianl imr lahniir wants ii.' It is (iiio <it' ilic 'jrc ;itrst liuiiilitiu's in sir, 
 tlKit tlirio is notsprrif cuons!!! in ilic wmlil t(i ansui r ail llif in i'p>s:iiy wimts ill' tin' cofiiiiiiiiiity. I.odU at Cubi 
 Tliric I- III) prip'T tli'ii'. Ncivv li'ii' ar«! cmitlictMi'jr i>|ii"i"'~'. '""I'l Vi'' V'an liiinii, in Ins inanciiral, sa\rt iliai I. 
 Iind ("nnipliicly acrrifl willi Jacksnn in i-fnliniriit, anil liail partakni lar^ply <il' liis iiintiili ni'i'. Wlio will supjiO-i 
 that it was otlicrwisc 1 Yet it is i'\ idoiit tlit'ir is dcciilcil oppositimi iiere. Who was sincere ? 
 
 • What is Knolaso aium r ?— In May, 1^ II. Sir UoIh it d el said, in parliMim ni, ili.it " IIhtc me a nnnibfro; 
 pcnpli: will) iliiiik lliat tlii' Iradi' in liaiik noli s slimilil lio as krkk as tin' liadi' in anytliim: i Isi' ; and ih.it no tii'j ■' 
 danger will ari.-i' I'idiii a I'lC' maniiraitiiip nl' pa|)ir nioni.'y, h stins on rnutii:d rrrillt and rDnlidiMici', tliari rpiimhe 
 free niamifactiiii' III' any oiImt ailiili'. liiil ( xpfrirnci' trlls afraiiist iliis opininii : and williin tin- last halt' cc;; 
 tiiry llnii' n.iliijiis liavr I'l'lt. in tunn iidniis I'orrc, tin' rvils ansiiii; I'mni llii' alin.-o of paper nuim y. 'rhese ii.i- 
 linns ar.' ridiire. Britain, and ilii' IniU'd Stairs : I'lain'r. during tin.' lirsl rtvniiition, when tlir i.vcr i-suc of ilu 
 stall' |iap' t muiii'v, rallnl nsnii/iKit.-i, (•anscd ri'arfnl liaviii' ; Itniain, durini! llic war. wlirn tin' B.ink Kt'slriciii'i 
 Acl, Iliijii^li ','iMii','. in iIm' liis; iii?iaiiri', an iina.iMiral cxpaiisuMi id' tiadi', ai.d a tirtiiiims piosppiily, mtiiilcJ 
 evils on us undrr wliii'ii wr air .sulli'riiiu ai tlic prosciit nioincnt ; and tlir United Stales nt dill'rrent pc'riiids, bii, 
 <s-| iTially w iiliin tlip list I'iiilil or ni II' years, 'i'lnii evp rnnio niiulit to Iracli evny riiinincrci.il iialion tiie 
 lis.sDii wliicli lias 1)1 en laie:lil ilie p'opir ul tin se ((mnlrii s ihrDUjjli m) niiicli Mitlrrina— a le.-^nn wliirli prnclMini; 
 cniplialiciilly tlia', iIidiicIi imp.r iiMiney may lie, like lire, a nccos'iary aiiiiil and a iiselnl ^•l'rvalll. it is also, \\\, 
 lire, a lerrilili' rnasirr — as a rm r can I'lilly Inld within cinhankinents, it may sirve as a cDiivenieiu niediuin i'. 
 transit, lint when it rises as ;t Mood, it swerps everyihiiii valiiilile away, it'evposed to its resislless liny." 
 
 Sir ItoniTl deliniul inoney tn he IJ.'ili :|| loiii, and li.iiik noies to hi; proniissory iinte.s p.iyalili! In lliat rniii r:i 
 dein.iiiil. 'I'lie lut.er he deiiiii'd to be a siilisiimte lor money. nperatitiK upon prii'i'S as money does, and iieriiiriii 
 ini; siiuilar functions. H.nik notis eooiinini/ed the use of iiiitallii; money— if liy llieni we ili-prnsed witli five or 
 L-ix nnllinns of gold ;;nil silvi.r, we , send Ilie sperie lo other lands or nsi s. 'i'lie IJank of Kncl.'ind had foiiiiil,;i 
 liui.dred yi.'tirs ai;i), tli it when it lossen'd Ihi' ipi.intily of iis noti s i;i ein illation ii r^ I'lifn d the exchanpes. Tap r 
 moiieii must he ronvirlihh; into cuiii at X\v will of the huldi r. and iliere nm^t he .s.)nie ilierk to prevent the riMii;- 
 winch Unlimiieil ronipelilion and the ahsenr" nf roiiliol had lirnuht on the rnileil Slates, iliroutih e\ci>.- ' i 
 issues. When prices ri-c and speeulalioii is aciivi' thecuiinlry hanker i-^MUs more ni'les, \\ such a liinc li' 
 oimhl to lesseii liN issues, fiir Kohert llioiiKht llial a simile hank issuing hank notes lor Ilie whole kiiij;ilii:ii 
 misht he renih'red far iiioie inlscliievoiis than useful, and held it to he cood policy to wuriv willi llie tools «' 
 liaVf. He next prorei deil to st.ile his plan nlaiive lo the H.inlc of Kimland. It was to rclain lis privileges, In' 
 its depailiiii'iils of issiiiim iioie- and hankiin:, were to he m par.ited. It iniKht issue |i.'ip< r, ha'-ed on the l(iaii< i 
 iiail iiiaile and woulo m.'ike to yoveiiiinenl, iiiclndini! i'.\chei|iu r hills, namely SO'.I.OOOOIHI ; uiid a weekly accuiiiU 
 of its noli s out. and specie on liainl, tiiusi he puhlished. lis r.utes would he a lawful lender, thus sociired. al all 
 other places hut the hank, when' Ihey must he alw.'iys convertible itilo koIiI uf standard value on deinnnd. N'l 
 new b.aiik lo he created, with llip power to issiiu paper as inmiey, lint e.Mslins hanks might issue notes equal I" 
 llie aveiUL'o I'f their pri'vimis circulation, subject to a weekly piihlicalion of all tin ir liabilities. Joint stock 
 hanks to hi^ hound hy the acts of ilieir ilinclors, hut their shareholders are to be made freo from bein(? lialil'' 
 for the acts of individual shareholders, as now, under the Knglish law of partnership. All biuika of issue tj 
 make a (lerlodical publication of Ilie names of all ilnir {jarlners, that the puhlic may know who arc re«pon 
 Bible fir alt their trnnsiictions F.very new bank must have Uie sanction nf governmrnt, In order t" r<<(fi«tra 
 
 \- A \ 
 
 thiit slioul 
 lie afterwards 
 government, t 
 j^.ftho north b 
 irresponsible, 
 irt endeavorin 
 the superior 
 Van Buren, 
 showed to all 
 iheir whole c 
 
 Gener.ll Ja 
 I'i'om his hi:i;h 
 nijainst the 
 
 viuii'.s th:- tie 
 •it .some time, 
 bition.'; " 
 convenient, a 
 iind* Hoyt dit 
 Siiij;!'ested s-U( 
 ad'wn would 
 
 ; .11. wilii n (lil'eir 
 ,:nnlil ihinl; 'i' to 
 
 rilir caUlii' t. .iiu 
 .'I yeirs, v\illi li.ie 
 
 i'„ii|yo'ie b:i'd. to 
 i,C'.ii''il I'reiu Ih' 
 .;,.• iilV.iir- nf III!' I 
 
 1 isai, ill t'oii-re 
 .■i:i,ia lo laliil ;i c 
 
 sii h a- ii w.ll 
 
 >l-ri'V Ilk", to iiiiin 
 ,„, |.|i,| conmu't till 
 :r iiiy llian illi; Uiv 
 
 * DisimvRST 
 iJdit'iilly. lii^ c 
 !■ nvt.-r f li' ll"" 1 
 :is JcS'C HdVi <\ 
 M rn'^'. and \w. 
 fliv! was !ni<l( 
 
 liiivii, Wii-hi 
 loiTUf'' liii'' It"! 
 n stniuGTi^i'. ti'Ui' 
 
 iHU'.S, sillll'' olil 
 
 sevpvi^ly if 111' f 
 I'iet atiiii'tK'y ;u 
 . mlipz/.lrment, 
 ,h'«i-'s!!! Sc 
 oiintli" hiu'pa 
 I -,10. II'IKUI 
 lilies w.l-^ elm I". 
 — l,ui iIk' iiiiilil 
 !;i-. ini'-'eiiiiiiui'l 
 wliieh wriM'oi 
 ,;ti:'ii •' been ni 
 ,!k' (lisluinesly 
 Henuen shnll t 
 In the N. V. \ 
 will Jesse lliv 
 (iroposp^ h) mj 
 .N*onsei)«p ! T 
 ihiiiifs s:ii(l; s 
 
>. 
 
 RCrORM. 
 
 VAN ;u:rhn .'". I'i'.NAi. LAWS NOT .'.fAKii I'oi; nnr.AT uogi'KP. 
 
 141 
 
 f! proposition, when I 
 ■igh ' to dissolve 5^'; 
 •anizins;, revolu- ti^i 
 <UT government <:^ 
 it is as palpable «^ 
 rlnrr the public <=§] I 
 i' tli(^ Presitlent -uyl | 
 lundred hands, 'tj 
 it this is the delibi". 
 ' — that the journals I 
 )us too,) was reject, 
 iiren's friends — that 
 in 1S34 as in Is;; 
 s'ni; the ([uesfionoi 
 :it, said, " JJnt tho,v 
 against resorting to 
 ;ipt of specie in th^ 
 ive speculation ainl 
 overnment with tL^ 
 box as the means of 
 it all, in the present | 
 ft;, economical, and 
 a new hank ot" tli,> 
 the greatest advan- 
 nie year lie remaik- 
 
 ilrrivnl tVniii I lie i'\(lii'(|iir 
 r'^ncy," in ilio rorm ui' [„; 
 hi\\>(iri When' is ilie iisii' 
 ic LT( .■ili'si liiiiiihiiL's tir s;r, 
 i-'ifiiJiiiiiiily. l.ooli at Cul);i 
 
 Ills iniiiidiiral, s.ivs iliai I. 
 liiliiici'. Wlio will su|i(/o'. 
 
 sinciTc ? 
 
 Ii.it ■' there are a minibrro; 
 ins; else; aiiil tli.it in) ttiu ■• 
 ul roiirKleiiee, iliaii ImiiiiI* 
 1 wiililii 111,. Inst h.iir ccn 
 
 p:i|)eriiuiri,y. These ii.i- 
 when the iiver i-^sne of i!i 
 iheii ihe U.inU Keslridi ■; 
 ■tiii,iii..< prnsperitv, entaikj 
 ^s at ilill'ereiit periiHts, b:i. 
 ry eoiiiiiierci.il iiiiijon tne 
 -!i le.-srin whirh pnicliini:. 
 'I'll! ser\;iiit. it is iil-o. lu. 
 
 ■;< " t vciiient iiieiliuiii d, 
 
 ils resistless I'liiv." 
 
 '.< p:iy;il)l(; In that roiii rii 
 
 iiiniiey does, iirel iierinriii 
 ue dispensed Willi five o; 
 
 "f KimlamI hail ImiiimI, ; 
 h'll Illeevi-Illll)(res, |';ip r 
 lleek III pnveiit the riMiil- 
 I Sillies, ;ljriiiii.'li e\ci'>...ii 
 li'les. At silcli II time 111 
 •s liir the whiile kiii^'dmii 
 
 tci Work with llie tuols ». 
 'I relaiii iis privileges, W. 
 ip' r, liiisHil oil the Idiiiis I 
 t'O ; ami a weekly ncciiiim 
 'iiiler, tliii.s secured, at ail 
 itl v:iliiM 1)11 (leinaiid. A'.i 
 liljht issue iKites equal I" 
 ir lialiilliirs. Jiiim .otock 
 ide f'reo friim being lialil.' 
 p. All biuiks of issue tu 
 y know wlio are respon 
 mrnt, in order to i^^ristrn 
 
 |J, that should the depo:;ite.s not bo r>.'.sL>Jred to th.- \' . S. Bank, he would, (as 
 lie afterwards did,) 'jp for a prohibition of hank notes ia all thi; dealings of the 
 ^nvernmt^nt, the reader will at once perceive that the leaders of the democracy 
 
 |tf the north lu^trayed their trust — that, knowing- that the pet banks were unsafe, 
 irresponsible, they Ica':;ued themselves with thi-'in ; and that their after conduct 
 
 I in endeavoring; to give the people the inferior currency, and the olficeholders 
 the superior ; liuflido Bank ra<jjs to the larmer, goldiMi eagles to Wright, Polk, 
 Vail Buren, and the rest of tin; lawmakers; tliey betrayed the people, ami 
 
 I showed to all men, that sordid, selfish, and meanly ambitious motives had guided 
 
 Itl^ir whole conduct. 
 
 General Jackson condemned the sub-treasury in toto, and removed Duane 
 |Vom his high olHce for advocating a bank and state divorce. " It is considered 
 sjaiiist the griiius of our iVi't; institutions." said .Jackson, " to lock up in the. 
 
 jviuilis th;- treasure of the nation ; such a treasure would doubtless be employed 
 ;n .some time, as it has been in other coiuitries whtMi opportunily tempted am- 
 
 Ibilioii." " In'iviiliial ag.Mits would probably be f)und I'ss responsible, safe, 
 coiivenii'iii, and economical " than tlie banks, ([uoth Woodbury ; Swartwout, 
 
 hiivl*' Iloyt dill all th(>v could to prove him in the riglit. " If Gen. Jackson had 
 
 JMiL'-^ested .^ueh a systein [the Sub-'J'reiistiry ) what peals of yj'Y//it»/ic hidig- 
 ■liitUin would have burst from eloquent senators against the mitijicr and hpaiit 
 
 ; 'H. ivilli n deriiip.l rciriii nf irii'-t i!re,l, luid a reiiul.ir audit of aeeninils. In ca^e the l^atik of Kiiglaiid 
 . :fiiilil iliini; til to ei.i-iiliiii' iiniie li;iiik iioles iliaii IW iiii!li.iii>. ii mii^i! i'ik-m fjei tlie (■clll^'c'llr nf tliree iiieiiibnr=! 
 rHie caliM' t. iiiid till.' pioliis of till' exe 
 
 il' i"-!!!'^ Wnilld iU lo t'le 
 
 \{-- new rl,;.|ler \va< lo run toi 
 
 ye.ir:' 
 
 wil!i li:i(!i;y 111 I'.'irUaiiunt I.i iiil'Miir.^ :ifi. i- |i) ye.irs s!iiiii!d ill" pnlili''. iiiiiid settle dnwii in favor 
 
 r.iiilyn'ie IiiimK lo i-;siie hnnk notes i,.,tlie l.iiiiidiiiii, Nu noles i.: I. ■ i-v;iod in IwiLdaiid iiiid T X'j, say 21 didlars. 1 
 
 d iVi.iu llenrv W'liiiiii 
 
 liiiiilish M. I'., the fdid repiiit of tne sei;!.;i <'oiiiniitie<.'s invi'stiuatinn of 
 
 iilt'.iirj of the li.ink ol Kni>:ainl : it was veiy volnmnion-:, Iml I liavi' Inst il. 
 
 H. 
 
 ISiniley aifiued ahlv 
 
 1^31, in l,'on;;re-.-', t!:at a d. raeiie,! eiir.iiiey j, a plain \i ilaiinn of lie' rnis!it!iiioM;il pledce. that the olili- 
 
 ri.ai 10 liiiiil II rihl'- let iiinst lei; U" inipidrd, and so ;t i ;, lor '• VVIiiit is llie wori'i of eiiyiliiiis ! 'Twjusl 
 
 iiiiieli a- il will h in;; ;'' and it' a prniii^e m pay ;i, d.illar is not tnei liy p.'iyiim tlie dollar, any l,-.w inadu. 
 
 >l"ri'y Ilk", lo poeeil III ■ hanker, or throw dillii'iil 
 
 lie wav ol c. 
 
 dliTl 
 
 on, e; a ( 
 
 lati '11 of the fiinda- 
 
 iMid coMirac't lent Innds s leii'tv as tlie 1 . ."->. Tlie r,ii;{lis:i l:'\v belter pr ivid' s lor the fiiUlliiieiit of tile proaiis'.' 
 lay iliaii fili: law I.er , liiit is sii -eptdde of ^iieal u.iproveiiienl. 
 
 ♦ DisitnvRsiT LwvciiVF.HR. — I' 
 
 If a C 
 
 ■ti)i'of(Jusii)ins lu i;iko a sdIoidh nr.ili u> ilo lii.-j dutv 
 
 i.ltht'ully. liis eliirt" duty hcinif i.. id'eivc llie nnx'utte k'vied iVoin tin' peupi..' hy law, tiiul paV 
 ro"(.'r i'li' tlif' iitilional use.--, t'.ir liiiii lo take this oath, and tln'U iuli the ticnsiuv of jr220,00(), 
 
 ■ic^' 
 
 Ih 
 
 id, IS liiiil piTjiiry ai 
 
 id.nl 1 
 
 o a worse cniiie iliaii llioii. 
 
 Till" ihicf lumtrers. or i.-j 
 
 ;,i rn^-'. and lit! -ti-ajs, W'c diii net irii.-t liiui. We liilcc pii'fiiiiiioiis a^^'aiust all such, But 
 i'liyt was li'ttOnil — maili- imi Irss tlmn li^lOdOO lo,')0,Ol)0 a \cai' hy his i.flicf — htul his folatious 
 :i p!ni'''« (ircinnlttiii'tii — loid had ili'Ti'iure no i-'r.ipiaiioii to l.ioii'ay liis cDUiiiiy a^ lie did. Van 
 Uiii'''ii, Wiiirhi, tiiid llv'ir rii'nd,> oiilnT iVatii 
 
 1'0711PS liic<' It^lVI. 
 
 (If Ihoy pf.,'!.ii 
 
 :!.•,! Ii'd 
 
 o su. 
 
 u\l ilic Mih-iri'a,siiry ael .mi liiai it wtinld punish 
 1 kii'iw, liy ;i year of eli'se imprisonment, that if 
 ai-traiiCTi^r. ti'iie ;i-^ ^'o.'l id liivuy and deaio'^racy, land oaihese slioios io-d.a\-, iLcnornni of your 
 i.iws, son)'' old act, that had iipver Iven onloired au'ain.M a ntitive, will he f e.md.to pniiish'hlni 
 severely if he ,q;ie"s a haii'-; tiiradih bcyund ilic line tif siriei. neutrality. When the wlii^' dls- 
 inet aiiiiinfy tuid the cecrelary ofilieinvisiiry ordi rod Hoyt to be ciiininally i)rosecuted for his 
 I iiiliez/hniK'nt, hi-.; old friiiid Jiuk'f I'e'W fotind iliai the Itiw did nol apply to eases like 
 .lessi's ! ! ! So, toi, SiMiator I'lvosi', of llllnnis, in ConoTcss, .hiii. IHUjinoycd for an inqniry 
 ntn the lnw])a';s.'d hy the whi^ConLiress, Aniriel K!, IHM. coiuintiinu; the ptinisliinErelauscsof 
 
 I'ilO. 11.' had wiini'sscd a trial in illincis, in. It 
 
 I.-IM. wl 
 
 ndi"5W:f 
 — l.ut Ihi 
 
 chart^od witli I'lTihi-zzlin'^' the p.aipK-'s c;, 
 
 a Rec-'ivorof the national Re\-e- 
 
 'J'h.' lojhiw was miiltv — not a doubt of it 
 
 i|iiiblili' that eh'areil him was, hr had Iv-cii rciuovcd from oilici.'. In ^IfXtillv's ' 
 
 !;i-nii^eiiiulii('t was I'vldont. WmiiKI ;i I iou>e of (.'oiio"U'ss, iho iiiajoriiy of iho members ot 
 '.vliich w^ieciMiipoM'd nt' his political iViciuN, havu Itirned hiiu oli'so disciciiiial'lv. hiid iiollii.s 
 oIK'H" been more "ejcar and iiiKpt'-slionablc" iliai; ."oik's.')!-' 10 ; Vci he o-oi dear ilirou?h 
 nic dishonesty of ihi- sysicni. llow diil I'ricc. Swtii Iwniit, and hundreds lilci.' iho'ii ,i,'et clear"? 
 Bfiincu shall tell you. Hisci.'^dit Ncaisol'intimtiey with Vtiii Ihticiupialilii's him as a witness. 
 Ill the X. V. Herald, Dec. 10. IMliS (Imiu; before Jcssc'.s cxplosiiiii), licnnct says: "When 
 will Jesse lloyi run away '. Defalcations ate mieiiuie. .Mr. Van liitren, in his Message, 
 proposes to make dcfalcaiions of the public money fVlony, and ptinishable in the Slate Pri.son. 
 .Vonsense ! NViiher party will aaree to such an abstirdily ! Never."' 1 tini sorry lu sL-e sueli 
 things said; liil uiid'e so when 1 lind ilial ilu'\ cjiniu-l I"' disproved. 
 
 H^: 
 
 S: 
 
 ■it 
 
 ~ir. 
 
 i^. 
 
 ■■■|| 
 
 Kl 
 
 ■"■y . 11 
 
 D 
 
lU'. 
 
 142 
 
 POLK FOR THE PETS MARCY AND WALKER SHAVING. 
 
 
 H '. 
 
 
 s' '•' 
 
 I 
 
 SI •' f ■ • ." 
 
 I ': 
 
 
 who desired to get the millions of the treasury into the very hands of his par- 
 tisans and parasites." This is from Van Ijiiren's echo, the Washington Globe. 
 Mr. Thomas Ritchie, too, chimed in with the chorus of olRcial indignation 
 against the sub-treasury. Listen to Thomas as lie talks to 'Old Virginie' 
 through the columns of the llichmond Enquirer : 
 
 '' We have olijectwl to ihc Sub-Treasury sclicini', (so calloil,) ihnt, in llio first pla<'C, it will 
 enlarge the Excciuivi' powi-r, alivady too c;ivnt I'or a Republic; 'Jdly, that it contributes la 
 endanger the scrm ity oi' the public funds ; and thirdly, that it is calculated to produce two cur- 
 rencies — a baser one lor ihc jieopic, and a iiettcr one tor the govcrnnieni. Tlic inore we rcfleci 
 upon the matter, the more we read the s;- •■■lies (jlihe orators cm both sides, the more finnly \\-' 
 are satisfied ol' liie strenijth oi' these olij>Tiions." " It is ceriaiidy Miliject to very strong ubjci'. 
 tions, not the least of wliii'h is llie very great increase oi' patronage to which it inust give riM', 
 and a patronage of tlie ino-i dangerous inlluence, as being so immediately connected wiiii tii. 
 public money." " But 1 can see no advantage, and on the contrary, a f; uiiful source of inischit'i, 
 in maliing government olhccrs die keepeis of ihe cash. Place abmu them what guards you 
 may, in the shape of coinmissidni'rs, inspectors, or v.-hatever else, prndulimi. ii^iU hr cndU$;. 
 There is no srcvritu in it, riiid it wilt involve iiea\y and imnecessary exjiense. 'i'lie chi>'f ariil 
 overruling objerMion, iiowevcr, is the endless source of pnlronage to which it would give riw. 
 Make tlie ma(diinery as simjile us you may. and open to \ iew, wherever money is, lempuitioii 
 will creep in, cnuf corniptinn. in ci-i.nj fiirm'joUtJtrs al t'lr /I'cl.^.'' 
 
 In I83't, James K. Polk was the organ of the {'. S. Treasury in the House 
 of Representatives. LisU-n for a moment to Mr. Chancellor Polk:* 
 
 "A corporation may bo safer than any iti(ii\idual agent, however responsible lie mny k- 
 because it consists of an assuidaiion I'l' iridividiuils who have shiown together iheir uggregateii 
 wealth, and who are bound in ihi'ir corporate cliaraeter to the cxiem of their whule capiui 
 stoclv lor deposits. In aditiiinn to ihisilie Secrciary ol' ihe Treasiuy may reipiire a.s heavy col- 
 lateral si^curity in addition lo their capiial stock fiaid in. loini such a eorporaiion, as he could 
 from an individual collector or n'eeiwr, whidi makes the i;ovi':'niarnt dcpo-it sati'r in th'' 
 hands of a bank, than it could be w iih an individual. It nitiy bi' well iiuesti(m(.(l whether tJK' 
 heaviest seciirily the most wealthy individutil cuuld ufi'.e, <'ould make the imblii.' deposits safr, 
 at the point of large collection. In tlw city of .New York, half the revenue is collected. Sieve- 
 ral millions of public money may be in the hands of a reeei\er at one time, and, if he be cor- 
 rupt, or shall engage in speculation or trade, ami meet with a reverse of forlune, the loss 
 sustained bv the irovernnii'iil umdd be ineviltible."' 
 
 * Kxowi.i-.DO!- IS I'owKii. — To show what chaiK^^s th"re are, through mu' gtimhling systeiit 
 of jx>lilics, to defraud the millions. I state the following case from the Courier and Kiiquircru' 
 Dec. 10, 1 832. where it appears, heaiied '• Stockjobliitig — Stupendous Fraud.'' It is possible 
 enough that John Van Buren may have made money by his father's and .laekf-on's Mcssagro, 
 as wetl ,';s by Marcy's, but whether Webb and Noah had l;oik1 gnnuids lor w hat they afliriu 
 as to jMuinford an i ramhreleng I Icnow not. They .say. that on Nov. 'JD, the price of a sliaro 
 of U. S. Bank stoclc al the b.i.nrd of brokers was 11,')} — an,; that Jackst)n"s mps,sag(; lowered ii 
 ill two days to 101.\ — that ll.oOOsiiari'swfres'ild^n tiwr. lM'tv,e.'n Wed. .Ndv.OK, and next Wed. 
 morning; equal to s^l. (!.'),'», (KK), leaviu'/ a nett pidlii to the Wall street stock' jobbers, of $:80,000 
 nearly. The C. & E. asserts that Cambreleng and Alumluid knew what would be said in llu' 
 ino.ssage — that Mumf jrd had blasted that .lackson gave him a copy of his mrssa.gc on Satur- 
 day night at 11 ; aiul il'so, two da\s were left clear lo liie u'amhKrs in the secret, for the inis- 
 sage appeared on the We Inesday. What a melancholy thins; it is, that men who are elevated 
 on the shouUl.'rs of the people to hi:r)i honir, should soolien foig.i tiie noble jtalh Ijcfore them, 
 and turn round to wallow in iho inire of sordid, trrovelliiiu seliishness! The U. S. Btmk wa.'! 
 hate I bv t'le lo"il iuMitntions, because w iiile they char;,'ed the heavy discount of .•jjT oil' $100, 
 the nitional institutitui cvaeii'd but :>fG. 
 
 Walker, the n'W Secretary of the Treasury, has unreal inllu nee with Folk, and Alarov 
 manages the one ihr.jugli ill.- (jilier. Huchanan is on less I'Miniliar and inlimati! terms with the 
 presid'iit. lie holds oHice, more on aei^ount of his ability and standing, ami of the .slate nl 
 Pennsvlvania, than any pers mal feelitm' of I'ricri'.iship. When Van lluren got to be president 
 in 18.37, I think he coidl hav^; passed the s:ib-lrea»iury had lie been in earn"si — but his friends 
 had the whole revenue in their luui Is as it w.is, they made much money by using it in favoi'ite 
 binks, and I daresay that good bonuses were secretly given in some form'by dealers in it. In 
 1810, when the t Tin was nearly out, and a re-election doubtful, Van Buren pres.sed the new 
 scheme, early enough to show th.it he meant to hoax the country in that too. Polk and 
 Walker talk sub-treasury fashion also, but arc in no ha.ste to ciilbrc'e the principle. Walker 
 tries it with Corcoran &"Riggs, Washington—has taken every dollar of public money from 
 
 pTOpgate T 
 — Francis 
 Writers - 
 Cruswell I 
 nue — Post 
 Helping tl 
 
 I HAVE all 
 hi.s presiden 
 I have no roc 
 to cash, he v 
 ce.s there wa 
 
 the banks in itii 
 was oni'e greail 
 tion is asked he 
 it ! They miu 
 nr sained. At 
 laire's time, one 
 ,idl Cori'oran a 
 •.'idw lich! Ol 
 ii'ii millions of, 
 pny no interest 
 paid with the n 
 Ii'rand all. was 
 . t'lamblin;^ m; 
 iiiPivhanis and 
 Ivtting, stockjol 
 \\\ii. he'll clear 
 In IKW and 
 .-ilternaiivc, mil 
 Kxi'i'uiive a iiK 
 and whii'h had 
 siiin.'' 1 ipiiite 
 Matey and VVa 
 ■"ill el them kno 
 !!■; Woodbury d 
 
 " Orbstks .a. 11 
 ('r'Uind lor mi<n\ 1 
 ihr ii'rritory shu c 
 Huttli'. Uiniiclr re.M 
 t!(JUsf. iiikI iillhnii 
 nncMUiiiii litM'iiiiJ 
 iHiiil socs n pnitiil 
 lirclectldneiiriii!; 
 I'llios liiT iiaciils p 
 || Ihe u'llliuvs liy 
 '.lir |)Hsl is iK'Vimi: 
 
 Boston. .April ' 
 Hifliiii!; to cxiiros- 
 my sinrore ri'tirut 
 tii'iicr ifwiinl Itiai 
 Mrni!i!lp iicalnst \m 
 which have hltlic 
 lieen liJisi'il cm iiiji 
 Is Imseil on the ri^ 
 (tuite ton much In 
 imr Bovcrninnnt w 
 the Old Worlil. ' 
 iiuriiwn |irinci|jlei 
 iween the enroun 
 Thi!) 1« nut ttll. \ 
 
AVING. 
 
 ' hands of his par- 
 Viishhigton Globe. 
 oi!iciiil indio;nation 
 lo ' Old Virginie ' 
 
 tlio first plai'C, it will 
 that it contributes to 
 od to produce two cur- 
 Thc more we rclleci 
 I's, the more firmly \\\> 
 t In v'l'ry stronj? vhJQc. 
 hich it inUKl give rix', 
 •ly coiiiveted wiiii li,.' 
 Inl soinee of inisrhiei, 
 leiii what f^'iianls you 
 id at ion iriU fir cnJless. 
 !)cnse. 'i'lie dih-f ariii 
 icli it would fjivi' riw. 
 luoiu'v i:?, leinruUion 
 
 isurv in ih'j. IIousi^ 
 • l^'lk :* 
 
 responsible lie may bo, 
 rotlier tli("ir us;;^re(,'ateii 
 of ilieir wlidlo capital 
 ,' ri'ipiire as heavy col- 
 or[)oralion. as he cuiild 
 t dfp>'wit safer in \hf 
 |ue^tio^l.(l whether tiK 
 he pulilie dei)0>.its sali', 
 lue is coliecied. Sevc- 
 iiue, and, if lie be cor- 
 se of torlune, the lofvs 
 
 li t-ur fi^auiMinR sy.steii! 
 mirier and Hnquireriu' 
 Krariil.'' It is possible 
 d Jacki-on's MessagPi, 
 ■< lor what they afliiiu 
 2[), the price of a slwn' 
 I's inpssui,'<." lowered ii 
 S'uv.'2'.>, and next Wed, 
 i)cK-jol)]iers, of !ii8O,O00 
 ai would be said in llu' 
 Ills nirs,-a,<^c on Satin- 
 the secri'l, tor the nit's- 
 nu'u who are elevated 
 lolile path Liefore tiiein. 
 The U. 8. Banlc wai 
 'Count of j?7 olf S'lOC, 
 
 litli I'olk, and Marry 
 iitiuiale icrins with the 
 lu;, and of the slate nl 
 lien trot to be president 
 arn"st — hut his friends 
 ' by usinpT it in favorite 
 111 by dealers in it. In 
 iiire'n pressed the new 
 :i that too. Polk and 
 he principle. Walker 
 of public money from 
 
 THE PET BANK!?. MCDUFFIE. ORESTF.S A. BROWNSON. 143 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 Profligate Public ExppndUiirr of Van Biirtn^an President — Orestes A. Brownson 
 — Francis Preston Blair, and the Globe — Van Buren's standard for Political 
 Writers -National Debt— The 200,000 Blilitia Plan—Log Rolling— Edwin 
 Croswcll and John Van Buren — Veto Poirer Suspended — Waste of the Reve- 
 nue — Post Office Law — Silas Wright and Slavery — Electioneering in Ki/. — 
 Helping the Press — Covetovsness. 
 
 I HAVE already alluded to many parts of Van Buivn'.s public conduct tfuring 
 his presidential ternn, and there i.s much that ought to he noticed for which 
 I have no room in this volume. In his early life, and in matters which related 
 to cash, he was covetous and mean — but in his management of the public finan- 
 ces there was none more profligate. .Ili,s conduct in *the Canada troubles, to- 
 
 ihc banks in tiial ciiy.and f^'iven :Tii500,000t(jthpni,to spemilate dm. witlioui iiilercst! C'nrcnran 
 was once <rreatly embarrassed in money maUers; his partner, Ri'.'i^s, i; wealthy. The rpies- 
 iion is asked hei-e, whether 1 hey ijot this ;frT)OO.tHHI to dabble in the slocks in Wall .'direct with 
 ii ] They niiirht have intdrinaiion beforehand (jf changes by whii'h vast sums iniijht be saved 
 nr sained. A cabinet minister, or more than one, niiicht divide the spoil v.'ith them. In Vol- 
 'aire's time, one of the kiiiL''s seeretari<'< tnld him when to buy and sell ^ocks. Somebody may 
 loll Corcoran and Ri'.,':^s also. What a pity it is that crises must he created that knaves may 
 ■.'r<iw lieh! One nf tiie Baltimore resulutions was aii'ainst sui'iilns revenues. Why have we 
 i.'ii millions of a surplus lent to 100 bank dircciors, who are chicily ctmnin^f stockjobbers, and 
 jiny no interest lo us, while (he naiioii is payin;,' inU'rest on debts thai uiivht be bought up and 
 paid with the money .' 1 be<,n'n t.) liiink thai the lialiinuire Cinivcnti. n of l^lt, Walker, But- 
 icrand all. was a \ ile trick on society for the i,'ain ni a lew. At pri'sciit. 50 banks, wilha host 
 ,l samblins,' maiiau'cis, hold eiaht or ten millions of the public money, not to lend it to upright 
 merchanis and manutiifturers, but to sport with, lik'* 'uiy licar Jc.<se' and Jiis man John, in 
 Iviiins;:, stcickjtibbinir and clielione(.nimr. If Walker hold on to the Tieasiuy lor a year or 
 ivvd, lic"ll clear old .sc(i|\'s ami may yive way to some oth'-r victim of spe^'ulation. 
 
 In IKW and If^lO, Senator .VlcOutUe said that •■I'le Sub-Treasury was liic only rcmaininc; 
 nliernaiive. uidess w(; returned to thi' notorious pct-ban!< system, whii'h i^'ave to the Federal 
 Kxci'Uiivc a more dan^'crous and I'orruplim;- inllueiK'i! than any other schi'me ever su,?s?ested ; 
 and whii'h had been condiMuned by experience, and '-Xlf denounced by b;)ih parties in siiccos- 
 simi,'' 1 ipiote McUnltie from the Suvtk C'lro/ini/in. and bid the reader rcMicmber that Polk, 
 Marey anci Walkci', talk Mib-trca-^ury now, but lia\estui'lc to the (ii,shone.stireastM'y peisof 18;<-1, 
 nil ol them knowing: as well that iheii countrvwill be ))lnndered v.hob'sale iIirou<^h their means. 
 a-i Woiilbuiy did in a like case in IhUb, or i)allas in 1^(5. 
 
 ■ iiRKsTKs .\, ItRowN-iDN.— Sini'i" 'vrilinp ttm inllowiiift IcMir. Mr. Krn\vii>.iiii, ns well us iiiy,'>ell'. Ins seen 
 fr"i\iiil Ciir 1,'iiriil 1i()|m> tlcit tlic i'iuish m' iiiilioii.il t'n.'rdimi iiiialit Ipc |iri)iiiii'i'il liy [u.iico, tlim'.Mnil liis (jot 
 ihp li'rritory stic ciivrieil, witli Uin iiuivrnt o!' WriL'lit, 'I'lUliiiidtft' miiiI ( ;iI1iiiuii, llio l.iUri' of wtiniii, w Uli Mc 
 Miiltii', Oliiuctl" reiidy lo cut (lie cmiiii'rtiim wiUi lIu; 1.'. S, t.p l'i'I riil ol livilmn ;it Ilie Clinrk'stnii f'llstdin 
 eiiHso, luiil altliipiijili iii-kni'\vlti|i:i'il in Ilic l.iniilun 'l"iiiii's to li(< Hii'jliiiiil's liniii--:! I'lii-nil in tlil< repiililir, urged 
 .iiimaiiliiiil li«raiisi! if Kn^lisli iiitliirmc wcni in I'rt'Viiil in 'I'oviis it '.vi.lllil iiUiTti-ri' xvilli iiiir li'.ritt'; ! 1 Knij 
 lind sors u prii'iil .■mil nmtry spirit in Ilie wi-slrrii >,tniis w hirli tlie pciliiiciil r;i<r,iN in \V.i>!iiin'ti)n \vi>li tn liso 
 Mr clectioneorini; piirpuscs nt'.vt elei'lioii. I :iiii snrry llnl liur Icni!,' misaovcrniuriii of ( '.iii;i(!:i, tlui wiinliin crii- 
 cltiiis her nacnts pr:icti:j<'.l iin sii Mniiiy uurtliy iiiiil Itiic lir irtiul men, itir iiiaiilv ■niis of IVeciliini wlii) wore sent 
 |r ilio tt'illiuvs liy tier I'.oniniands, h.ivc rnilscil reelin^'.s in 'in; wvfl wliirli I inutd now desire la scu allayed, I'nr 
 llir past is tK'ynnil recall. 
 
 ttrcsles .1. liroictiftin iif JUiiK^achiisettit. I<t li'. L. ,\fnr.krn:ie, when in liiiclicsli,r Piison. 
 
 UnsTON, .April ■'•J, I84(i. Dear !sir : 'riioiiuli |H?rs(inally a siriui^er to yon, I havi' yet fur some time liecn 
 HisliiiiK lo cvpress to yon my synipath) w ii!i yimr attachir.int jo ilic causn of I'recituni (or tlie t'lnailns, and 
 my Miicero re(;rel that yonr atlachinrnt to that cimse shoidd have met in this land nf professed rreedoin, no 
 lic'iKT reward than a .tail. I have a fellow feelinp with, I uas alwau to say, all Kelieis ; at least w ilh all who 
 Mrimcle «i;Rinst |>ower and seek to seciite li)r the iicnple n portion of their long lost lilierty. All povernnienls 
 which have hitherto cxi-tetl have been founiled in opfiressiun and inalntiiined hy frntid and f.irce, — They hnvi( 
 lieen luised on injustice, anil opposition lo then) hi the cause of loiil and Man. Our own uovernment. in theory 
 is luried on the rijjiits of man, tinindod on justice ; hut it has hitherto lii.'rn adniinistrred in all its deparlaienis, 
 i|ulle tiK) much in nccnrdance with the inaxMns nf the c»veruments founded on the opposite theory. Iii fornilnit 
 lUirEOVcrniiient we acted from imrselvns, and were original, hut in inana;iihn it we liorrow troni the practice ttf 
 tlio Old World. We read it.s literature, study its politics, its jurisprudence, its philosophy, and lose sijiht of 
 (iiirown principles. Hence it is, that thee i.s a striking discrepancy lietween our theory and our practice, ho- 
 iween the enronranemenlM we hold out 1 1 tlie friends of liherty aliroail and iho actual reception we pive them. 
 This U not all. We have never achieved our imlepcndonce on Eniilaml. We are scarcely less de|iendent oo 
 
 , ■>>•■■ 
 
 fi 
 
 • •■»■ 
 
Ui I", r. m.Aii!. \'.\\ n('ifr,N*s pt\ndari> or sTvr.F, and nncoRr^r. 
 
 «■'•'■■'■-. 
 
 •■ 1' ■* 
 
 i<-'.::- 
 
 r., • 
 
 •' t' 
 
 \vin'<]s llii> I'luiii!.! liniiiih', .iiiii ll.r |)('<ii)lr of Moicn iiiiil 'J'cxas, is flsi'wlioic 
 biiiMly uotircil. Il wouM in- iiin)u: >iL)U' I'oi- nuy cainlid writer to praise it. >.o 
 iii:ui cDiiM i'c iiiori.! olist'ijuious tl nil Van Huii'ii was lo llie south while in 
 power, yet they deserted him in 1S-1(I ; and in 78-14 wlien Ids name came up I'ur 
 a third liial, they eondeseeiided to !;ive him ^jj-;,- twelve votes. In truth, they 
 tlistrusted him ; all partii's liav<' dime so in turn rsO man protVssed to agree 
 more cordially than he did with Jaekson, in iS'iS, in favor of one term only ; but 
 in that also tin; result proved that he was insincere. 
 
 Jackson h li. otlii'e with 30 or-K) millions in the banks of Van Buren's selection 
 — he left the couiiliy out of deht. AllhouL;;h the hanks suspended cash pay- 
 ments, yet must of iheiii piid in iincurreiit |)a()er. The revenue was onormous, 
 I'l'it \ an Dur.'n e\[)eiu!ed it all" and lift a public debt, March 4, 1841, oi 
 
 111.' I!llli^ll i'.miMii- II pu ilriii \M' urrr Ui I'.nr ilii- iiv.iliiiiim of 'Tii, We cl:ir<" not n«»iinip in retnrd fn the Rti 
 icsli ilnviiniiii'iil ill"' I'Mir 111 iciii lU. \\i' cmiiil iiiciintr l''niiicc' :iiiil cilitiiiii jiislirc, liiit wi- iliiro MOl clHiiil ex 
 
 (r|ll ill ill! lipcilnUllil' InMC, CM II ulir 
 IH Ml X\ ill I'l 
 
 n;:li 
 
 .1 i;nt:l;iiiil. Tlii 
 
 lri:ilV 111 
 
 li:i-. iii'MT lici II (Miriril iiilii rlli'ct, niiil 
 
 (.'i.' .1 lliil an 11 ■> I Iniiii i| ;i |iiirliiin iiliiiii- i('riilor\ u iiii'li slip \v;inlt fur the |iiir|iii>>o of con 
 iii'Clini: licr Nnrlli Aini'ni.iii Cilmiii'-i, iiiiil wliicli if uliliiiiii'tl uoiilil Kivi' lirr. In I'asc iil' war Willi tliit cmiiilry, 
 
 III iiirn. Ami, sir, this irrrimry :-lii' Will ulilaiii liiilt'ss I mil airally tlerei\t>(l. 
 
 valiMil liir lliirlv lliiiils.i 
 
 III 1 1] III 
 'Ilic iiintirr will 111' M'lllcil liy a i'iiiii|iriiiiii>(', ami wit shall MiinniU'r to her tlir iiii|iiirtaiit advaiilaKP she ilesircs. 
 
 Tl 
 
 !!■ ir i-iill II 
 
 I'tin ' 1^ 111 III' I. mil. I 
 
 111 lUii* rlii^r 
 
 iiiniiirri'iiil r.l.iliuiis with final r?ril;iiii. 'I'lic ('iiiiiiiii'i'iMiil InliT- 
 I .t i.r Miis ('.lUiitrv i< riiiiirnllfil In llii^laml. anil \M' laii )iaM im miiirmi rsy wiili lirr williuiil ariiiini! ttm 
 \\ Imli; liii^'iiirs- put nl mil' ciiiiiiiiuaity :v'iii-l im' o«ii K'uvrrniin'iil. 
 
 Tl 
 
 •illiiiii 
 
 >ii 111 Ulili^'i anii';aiii' 
 
 III' 
 
 IK iiiir L'livrriiiiiriil ti ris, anil hfincc in 
 
 ir. il* the sccrot nlymir iiii|iiiMiniiii'iii. Il is nut, sir, tliai we ilii 
 
 pot liivi' l-'ircilniii. lint Wi- ili) nut liiiiiw Imw l.i .'iliiirt'i'iiili! ils (li;li!iiileis, Imt lliat we iin; alraiil nt (iirriiilii 
 
 r.li"laii(l AVi' IvuU'r liatiiiiial liuiioi ainl iniLi 
 
 III iiiir I'liiiiiiHiiiily. 
 
 I al 
 
 II Miny iliai II IS ■ 
 
 I'-ilvi's a liyr woril in i1r' Karlh In plrasr tin.' Irailiii!; (Hiriiiin 
 
 III) W illliilli a U II' W :lll I'.rul mil, :illil W 'il'ii !i. 
 
 I'lpalili' 111' saviim 111.' Vi'tMililii', t'lul ilii 
 
 liiil I ali'iu .( ili'^iiair 111' it< licini: nllicrwisi-. ( lllicrwiHt" il will ni'i 
 
 iiii'li 
 
 1 (l('|iri'i' ill' war. is ilic only thinu which M iiie seems 
 I'r 11 1'lHiii'- tile lii'inr. I'or ymir clliirls to si'ciiri- tin; iiiiltpinilehiK 
 
 r Ihc r iinil'is. ns oiip 111' ilic iVlinils ol' Ki'i'imIhIii. I (hank ymi. 1 ilo iml tliiiik ihi' lime liir llieir imlepin 
 ilriii'i' )ris ciini''. Iml it will i'iiiih'. TIim ci.Ii.niiil sysii'iii iiiii-'t In' aliiiiiiliimil, liir piililiu upininn tlii'iiiii;lii>iit 
 llio Wnrlil is last MTUiiii! lo llir pniiil llial imi' ii'ilmn ^llall cM'rcix' ilnniiiiinn i<\vt iiiinllii'r no longer linn 
 l!ii! oilier ta'/.i:i.' I'.iii-eiil^. Willi tv\ prayers tnr tlie specily arrival ol' ilie tiliio when your eoiiiilrv men >liall In' 
 
 ic, Hilil lay lii'pi' llial y.m will liii'l ere Ilii- reailii-- yiai \uiir own lieeiloni, I am, sir. Willi t'leat lesimi, 
 
 Yours. 
 
 * Fra\< is !' 
 I'niU'd Si; 
 ■•! 
 
 t). A. IlllOWNfiON. 
 
 IM" IM\ 
 
 ill ISU), 
 
 ■.iiri'iii 
 
 )■• Tiit; (iMiiiK. — i\I;iiliii Van I'lireii, iiivsidml of lliu 
 
 II s|i(il»('ll (it'willl ji'Tli'i't Irci'iliiiii liiiiiil'jhout this Vdllime. Bcii;;; 
 
 '■oiiipwliat at a liiss liu' a siiirv.lih' ilnnnrraiic siaiiiianl til' |>io|irii'iy, wlieii spfaidiii' ol un'ai 
 
 ulio liiiil lull! lii.;li sitiKitii'iv., a tVii'iiil ailvisen iip' In iiiUi- tiie Van liiiirii .staiul- 
 
 alii, A]>:i\ -Jl, IMl.'), Van Dunn wriii's .1. 
 
 iiion, or iii'i! 
 
 Itivi 
 
 livli 
 
 II 
 
 "tie 
 
 Lii! 
 
 ■iiw 
 
 I lli.'Milc \'ou \-i'i'y Un My I'll' >oiii' iiiilile ami inaiily Ici;'T ii|nin the Milijt'rl of tin' 
 >tci'iift!n' <.7/./'r-'i'.s(,-ililis'|i]ii('iii,';iiiil repi'iii with iilr;isiiiv wIi.'h | liavc already .•-aid to Mi. 
 
 nan 
 iilair, tli:;t 
 
 ■1 Al'PlJilVn IK ViirU I'll 1!SK TlllMIiaiiH 
 
 Cieiu'val llarri:-<in hi'caiii!" pri'sidi'iii in ls|I. In 1^10 his clKiraelir was lici'.in' ilio pcui'li 
 
 Tho CHi'fic sail 
 
 mm. 
 
 Mart 
 
 isli): 
 
 o;i 
 
 fuli'in'o in il;o vcrsutiiitv er siili:'i'i'vu'in'y nl a we. 
 
 •■ i..ii ilitiH [tiie Siiiiiii| bi'waro luiw tlK'\' platv 
 
 vain (lid man, in the doiji 
 
 01 
 
 'I'll." ei'ialiiiiatinii of wcakn'ss ;iii(l viinily with liiiciscori' and ten, is iiu 
 .\ii'. Tyli't iiiuuiii his olil \\i';,thi.'r-lieaii'ii juiny [IFanisonJ. in ihi 
 
 X]>inn;.' aniDitioa. 
 •.) ca^^ily Ljuvi'incil. . 
 ':':p"etatiiin til' a:iiiilinii' l:iiii .i; wii 
 li'uiiiii^ rhar.'ii^t.'.M^tio, h ew;".' djiy p:!i,ip..'r("i wiih liaiteries, iiiid w 
 
 A \M 
 
 i\ old v'''iiih'in;.n, wlmsc vaniiv, alw.-ns in- 
 
 io.se o 
 
 lis! i Hi 
 
 lev IS unlv in- 
 
 treasod I'V the iiiilieiili'.v of a'/i 
 
 .\'.-;: 
 
 Indv, and an availaliie, who iive.-^ cai a siiieeiin 
 
 (.M 
 
 iri'h I 
 
 i)."l 
 
 loiinv 
 
 irri-oii, il irossiniiit 
 
 liTl 
 
 iiiii 111 a ciiv, till! 
 
 I'UMidcd to I 
 
 Old 
 
 '(' a 
 
 tarnier li\'ir,i^ 
 
 I"' caliiii, an. 
 
 Whi: 
 
 s are in; 
 
 ill a 1 
 
 cihi,' '^reiit exi.'!". 
 
 iia 
 
 id cider. 
 
 lis I If Tin; oi.i) oiiASSv, 
 
 eriiil.'iir- 
 
 Oi 
 
 ce niore 
 
 !t ail Id no cfloi'i. 
 
 (March 17,) '"11 
 
 'J'l 
 
 us IS 
 
 .lilii 
 
 Binvii's .\ppnir*Kii si;in(!:ird (ird"!icai'y, wlien sp'.';ilcin'j; ip W'v iiJinie of a presidi'til 
 iihout a •ri'ip'r;.! in the aniiii's of the n piililii', then a (•:iiii!idatp for tin' sin'eessioii. thronirh ,i 
 press n;(id ni.d p;iiiip.'ii'.l by ihe pi'ieiK 
 and bliunn inc if von ran ! 
 
 iv Van i: 
 
 Ulrll : 
 
 .standard to inv hon\; 
 
 'Iliis same (lin.'ic, approved bv Van Pjareii " throiiprluiut," speaks of " Mr. (\'ilhoini, wli.- 
 never told the truth when a filsflnmd would serve his linn." ^yaiii, it deseribcs (';jlhoun 
 tlui:'': " There was nne, !iowe\-er, lirprolmli' Sniril ih.'ii cniild ntil iiear to lotik on thebrifrhtaiiii 
 anspici'ins (liiv [uf Van Jlmru's in.-tallalion, Al;ir. H, l.*^:!*.] and il was a pleasure to all tlui 
 the tiice 111 ;?-^rCATii,iNK was not .scum on that fieeasi'in !" Calhoun's relative, IMekcns, thus 
 
 sjcetehed lllViir: ''A i,'alvaniy.ed eoip.si- 'I'hat liliieous visn^-c whereon envy and ninli?- 
 
 niiy are li!"iided in eadnverous union.'' !i n oiild .se^'in tiiat (Jnihoim and Pickens had alsi. 
 approved uf tiie Cd.ibe and il- lan:.:iia!,^o, llu' wiilinul their aid Rlair and Hives hud not been 
 oleetcd publie prinler> in iHj(». 
 
 Blair says of hiup 'Ml'; th;it bilnie he was •?!. le' set np in lill- w iih a lucrative ofliee, a cleik 
 
 $7,417,799, 
 came huo po 
 instead of dc 
 is pay in-,' in 
 u-je it chiefly 
 
 in a court, a go 
 lii.i means, mac 
 lip all, and en 
 >oah, &c. here. 
 With these he .- 
 
 '•■ f'alhouii. Jacl' 
 v^-ry wealiliy. 
 ilall, that Jacksi 
 lieen a si)eeiUat(. 
 ;ire-sident, [the C 
 I'nited States J 
 Xov. 11, 1843, t 
 rceliinj, with ba 
 
 ! Ueneral iack.soi 
 ihe unbounded j 
 
 j iirgan at the sea 
 
 j aiice and jiower, 
 
 I and banking coi 
 hilf the Icgislati 
 presses and brib 
 
 i ii:ss themselves 
 li.id the truth b 
 Wlionce woukl i 
 burgh rascals, w 
 
 i 01 Blair was coi 
 lireak stones or \ 
 No lawyer in Ih 
 Hi 
 
 i-ti 
 ea 
 
 ri 
 
 th 
 
 n 
 
 his forume 
 aiiii-baiik, sub 
 land sales for 
 |i:id Swariwoiit 
 liilie of the cur 
 Blair and liivt 
 Mill more sieai 
 : atlirms that Bl 
 prices higlie 
 ing day of the 
 .iJopted citi/en 
 piace in Scotia 
 and in the even 
 myself heard, 1 
 in improving t 
 year of Van Bu 
 
 ♦Till 200,000 M 
 Joel K. I'oinsiilt's 
 "(ifimr princlpiil i 
 •■ culls for the o;irl 
 "cunnut reciiiiinie 
 'zulion lit the mil 
 irlclM ; 111 Boiiie _ 
 10 organize the mi 
 in reserve ; allo|;c 
 cull fur uiid iiKMeiii 
 iricl ; uiiil when 
 the U.S." ThisL 
 inon might hiive b 
 instimce, just beh 
 lire turned, iiitii |x 
 circulated It far tii 
 in Virginia ; he n< 
 UOO, uud bade him 
 
nr.coRUM. 
 
 KUS, IS f'lsi'Wllt'lt' 
 
 i» juiiiso it. .No 
 south while in 
 lanio cuiiif up lur 
 hi truth, they 
 i-oli'ssocl to agree 
 e term only ; but 
 
 Buron's fieloction 
 xiuk'il cash pay- 
 <« was enormou.s, 
 arch 4, 1841, ui 
 
 10 ii\ rociird to the I!ti 
 \vf il:ir<; 'Mil Pl'iiiii v\ 
 
 n iMirii'il iiilii rlli'rt, ami 
 iir llir puriMKO of con 
 f war Willi till* country, 
 i 1 Mill i!irally (leceiMil. 
 
 I lulvaiitiijic she desires. 
 
 'I'lic coiiiiiicro'ml Inlrr- 
 hiT williniil ariniiv,' Iho 
 mnt li rh, and honcc ill 
 
 11 is iiiit, sir, lliMi we ilii 
 L' iiri- alraid ot' (■iriMidiiii; 
 liMM' till.' Iradiiij; poriiim 
 
 Ollirrwise it will in'i 
 ilni! w hiih to me setiiis 
 st'ciue the iiide|ieiideiir« 
 lime lor llicir iiicli'|iiii 
 lilic o|iinioii thruiiiil I 
 
 iiuotlirr no lons-cr tinii 
 our foiiiitr\ men >liall W 
 
 sir, Willi iireal ifsiuci, 
 
 (). A. llltOWNSON. 
 
 It'll, invsidcnl of ilk' 
 
 ll llii^ Vdluilll'. Hl'il:',' 
 
 ■II s|K';il;iiii.' of i,Mi'iU 
 
 IC Villi lillli'll ^tallll• 
 
 Van I'.iircn writo .1. 
 
 jII lilt' ^lll)jl'l•l of llii' 
 
 iiliL-aiiy siiiti to Ml. 
 
 as li('f>ii\' the pcoiil..' 
 ivan- Iiku llioy pltuL' 
 <iii, ill llie (lolagi! of 
 ri'M'ori' ami leu, is iioi 
 .my firariisuiij, in ilx 
 e vanity. al\\a_\s in- 
 i)hsiinafy is unly in- 
 ■i-(iii. a irossipiii:,' oiil 
 is iircionilcii to be a 
 , (iMaieh 17,) " 'I'lu' 
 etleel.' 'J'liis is V:,." 
 a jiresiJenl in t)l]iif, 
 suecessii)n. throiiirli a 
 .■-taiuiarci lo iny i'ool;, 
 
 if" .Mr. CaiiiniHi, wlip 
 it deseritics ( 'ailiniin 
 lutilc vn thcbritriitiniii 
 1 ]ili'aMire to all llial 
 rclalive, Piekcns, thus 
 let^ii envy ami ninii?- 
 iiul Pickens had alsi. 
 1 lUves had not been 
 
 iicraiive office, a cleik 
 
 Van buren'6 political midwife, f. p. blair. 
 
 146 
 
 57,447,799, which Tyler increased other ten and a half millions. Sinc^ Polk 
 came into power, he has luid on hand a continual surjilus of eight millions, but 
 instead of devoting it to the payment of the public debt, on which the country 
 is paying interest, he lends it to a host of electioneering bank directors who 
 use it chiefly in stock speculations. The profligate expenditures in Florida,* Id 
 
 in a court, a good wife, a fortune with her. That the speculations of the times swallowed up 
 liis inean.s, made liiin a bank'riipt, and that he surrendered his property to his crediiois, gave 
 lip all, and emigrate I to Wa.shiix','ton. Van 13urcii gave him letters to Lawrence, Hojt, 
 >oah, &c. here, who got up a sub.st? ' lion, and buuglit a jire.ss and types for him as a gift. 
 Willi these he .started the Globe oa liehalf of Van Uiucn, to try to cut out Green, who was for 
 (,'alhoiin. Jackson and Van Buren put a million uf dollars, 01 m;jro, in lii.s way, loid he is now 
 vjry wealiliy. In Kentucky, Blair was a strong C/(///maii ; but when he thougiit, like Kea- 
 .lall, that Jackson woulil succeed, he, m 1825, wlieeleil round to tlie winning side. He h.ad 
 liecn a speeulatur, stuckjobber, &c., and his last ollice in Kentucky was that of a stale bank 
 ■iresident, [the Coniuionwealih Bank,] at Frankfort. A son u[ his i.s or was not long pince 
 I'nited fcitates District Aitorney for Mis.souri. Theopiiilus l-'isk, in the Old Dominion, of 
 Nov. 11, 1813, opposed Blair's elaims to the public printing, thus : " He came from Kentucky 
 r?ekin}, with bank curruption, his hands unwashed ironi tlie infanioi's trniisaclion that cheated 
 General iackson out of his election in 18*<il. He came to Washing.on iwor and despised, but 
 :lie unbounded popularity tjf Jackson, the defection of Dull' Uieen ami the necessity of an 
 ,.r"un at the seat of Government, brought this unlieked cub into uo.ici-, and gave him" imports 
 aiice and [wwer, raising up a brutal jinnrttu, whosi; touch was conlaminatinu." If printinR 
 and banking could be settled j)ermanently, it woiilil be a blessing to America, for more than 
 half the legislation of the United States is (le\-oted exclusively to tlii?se two subjects. Bribed 
 iirosses and bribed agents were the means whereby Van Burcn compelled the people to har- 
 ii.'ss themselves lo his car, and swipport men ami measures, they would have nobly spiUTjed 
 Ii;id the truth been told. But wliat really independent press could live in Wasiiingtonl 
 Wli'.-'nce would it finil support ! The villainy of Blair, Hiichio, Croswcll, and these Harris- 
 burgh rascals, wo'ild never have become known tA inf>, had they not fallen out. Hill's expos6 
 ui Blair was complete. The petty tliiel' whom the Recorder sends to Blackwell's Island to 
 break stones or pii;k oakum is an angel compared to the hired lO'il of n party at Wasliington. 
 No lawyer in the Centre Street Se.ssions ever lie«l more for his t'-e than fJlair has done for 
 his fortune. His okl ma.ster. Van Buren, approves it all. So doubt of it. Be it Umk, or 
 aiiii-baiik, sub-treasury or treasiuy notes, war or peace, Texas or Oregon, tariff or anti-tai'ifl', 
 land sales for ca.sh, or land sah's lor creilil, gooil Oallioun or bad Calhoun, gooil Swartwout or 
 li:id Swariwout, anything or iiiiiliing — your hireling is evi'r ready. All he cares for is his 
 nine of the current iiliuiiler. Hill showed that Blair and Rives got enormous prices; and 
 Blair and Rives, in the Globe, e.vpended columns to provi; that their predecessors had cheated 
 >till more steadily. Hill names one job thai will cost ;*3.')3,0l);), or jr^a.KiO jK-r volume, and 
 ailirms that Blair had got over liii-iOOiOOO since Van Buren left Washington, for printing, at 
 prices higher than was charged in any odier city in the Union ; as als» Jr'lOO for every work- 
 ing day of the four years that Van Buren was president, or over :;>)00,000. I am but an 
 adopted citi;;en, and therefore liable to be slighted here, for the act of God in fixing my birth 
 piace in Scotland. Besides, 1 am poor, with a large family struggling for a humble livelihood, 
 and in the evening ol' lite — but were 1 young, a native, anil pos.se.sseil of the means of making 
 myself heard, 1 would raise such a dust about the ears of these mock liemocrats as might end 
 in improving the whole .system. Blair may have cleared 5i!150,O0O of prolits in one single 
 year of Van Buren's term — I mean 1838, in which vear his receipts from the public exceeded 
 :;300,000. 
 
 *TiiE 20J,000 Militia Sciikmk.— In December, 1H,19, Viin Buren, in his iiicssngo to Congress, recomniendeil 
 Jut'l K. I'liinsell's |iliui lor u new mililiii iirganizittion, in these words : "Tlic pre-ent condition of the defences 
 •■(ifimr principiil sca-poris Hnd navy yards, its represented hy the Hccnmptiiiyiiii; report of the secrctarj' of wor, 
 "Ciills for the early and serious iittentioii of ConjiresM ; iinil tis connecting iL-^elf IniiiniiU'ly with this itulijecl, I 
 " caiinol recoinnieiid loo strongly lo vour consideration 'I'll I'. PLAN submitted liy that otliccr for tho re-organi- 
 ' zulion of tlie militia of the United i^tates." The pl:in was tn divide tiie UnilctI StJites into ciglit military dis- 
 tricts ; ill some cases thr> e or four .stales to form a district, and in otberK, sucii as New York, oily one state ; 
 to organize tlie militia so as to have a liody of I'J.oUO men in each district in active service, and as many more 
 in reserve ; altogether 'iOO.OOU men were to lie armed, equipped, drilled, and ready for war ; the president ml|!bt 
 cull for uiiil a.ssemble siicli nuiiiiiers us he pleased, twice a year. Ill sucli pl.'ices as he chose wiiiiin e.ich tils, 
 trict ; uiid when on service these men were to be " subject to the same rules and articles of war as troops of 
 the tj. S." This plan was very unimputar. N. Y. state was required to furnish IH.IXK) active men, and these 
 iiion might have been ordered to assemble Hiiywherc— (lie 3,0UO actives lor the 8tli district down at linen, for 
 instance, just before an important election. Why not turn them as the 66U(),0IXI corps of the N. Y. Cusinms 
 are turned, into iralitical machines ^ This plan the tilobe prai.sod ami fully endorsed, per order— the oppositiun 
 circulated It far and wide— Van Buren found that it was hated— Uitchie wrote that It was injuring the caus* 
 in VirglDla ; be next wrote Poinsett, that it was called a " tyrannical and oppressive " standing army of 300,- 
 UOO, and bade him explain. This was in M In July, Van Buren himself took the field, and in a very lung 
 
 •V 
 
 \ 
 
 -V. 
 
 .^. 
 
 If 
 
 \ ■ 
 
l»- -I, •■ • 
 
 
 ••'•:>•■. ■• 
 
 1:- 'f 
 
 V? 
 
 3- • 
 
 ,1 
 
 I:.' 
 
 146 )200,U00 iMlLIi'lA — TUK ULOODllOUNDS EDWl.N CR03\> RLL. 
 
 lUe civil, naval, iiiiliUuy, anci iliplomalic ilepartinenis of i\\v. govi'rmciit, in Con- 
 gress, ill priiiling, in itjt* custom-houses, anci in tlie Post Ullicc, were never 
 equalled on this conlintMit, under like circumstances. The GVoAe, in 1839, 
 ceased to delend the authorities in this particular, but on the Ist of May, tool; 
 new ground, saying, " We challenge the whoh; corps ol' i'edeial [opposilionj 
 •' members to point out on the record ol* either house ot' Coi gress, a I'kouigai,, 
 *' CORRUPT, Locj-RoLi.iNi; appropriation, which has not derived its principal sup- 
 " port from that party in the House which is now raising tlie clamor about it in 
 *' the country."* Air. Jiiair then gives ins account vf wliat he justly calls '' that 
 
 liMttT to J. n. •"■'iri-, i.f r,liz;ilii'th city, plcnilfil tlvil h'n " knowlrdgc nf niilitiiry afTiirn unn very llmilnl," thiii 
 it wim *' liiit //ifc'v :li 't lii< :tltiMtiiiii li III liri'ii ilr.nvn Id this siilijicl," tli it roiii^ctl'i |i|.iii w.i* nut i-iiiiHtiiii- 
 tliiiiHl, mill tru/'tr iinti uki. ir tiiiii luHiiiit ii<it ii|i|)i'iiV):il ill' It ill liis Di'iriiilirr iiipk>mci! ! fli D' iirp liiit wiirils' 
 "We linve dtii riuiiiiillril in ue, n it I aIihiiIiI tliiiiU, witliiiul ^llllllll' iiml iiii<riirn .itinn iin llii; (iiirt nf tvcry 
 ineeiilliillt miiwl, wlwitrvcr in >y lii! hit iiolUienl |ii';'r'jrriii:us, llir iiiiiiir-T III n"-|iri'l.ililu i'IIi/.imis .siiIimtiIh'jI in 
 stati'Kients, tlint I liiiil in my iiiii ii:il iiii.>s:i!.'c ^■.v|lrl^•(-(■ll my a|i|iriili.'itiiiii nl « plitn. wliiili, imt iiiiiy liiiil ntvrr 
 iM'en Kiiliinillcil in nir. hut w\* iii't ivin iiiuliiri'il until nmrii iliiin tliii'O mnmiis iilipr ilin iiii'-i>;i|!i« was Ki-iit in 
 Uonurens." Ln' k nt my qiintMiii'ii limn hii iiiessimi,'. wlirrr he ^;ly«, " I iiiiiimt rrrniiimcnil Ian ntnivttty to yoiK 
 ninslderiitiim THK I'l.A.N -iiiniiiilril " liy I'miisi'Lt. Tli it w.i< in DiMinlirr, l-'ll;!. jNnw — July, I.+UI— he miji 
 THK PI-AN u-.i< mil thmi niiMiii'il. iiiid Inil nut lii'cn >iiliiiiill!'il ti> linn nt nil : I : 
 
 Kliiridii, ns ii liTrilnry. w^.- iniilrr V'.iM Unirn's r^iiici.il inic. lli; !!ul tins ^.iiiu: I'niniirlt In son. I to (^ulia, fnr 
 liliMiilhiiunils, Ml nn iiiixiiinry iniii'iln to hunt (low n tin' liiill;iii:> .iiiil puor loilnrii 11C12M '< wliniii ( |i|iru:<iiliin hiiil 
 driven iiiiioii<! Ihinn. 
 
 .Iiifl II. riiiii^L-it. W.ir ;-ii( Ti't TV, tn Brii- Upiifrnl /. Tiiylnr, ciimiiiimlinj; Army 01' the Hnutli. I'lnriilH. 
 " Wah DErAKTiKNT, J.iin^irj 'Jii. I- til. Hir: It is ninlrrMMiul iiy tlur lirji h iniciii, ;lthiiii!;li nut 1 llii-i Mly in- 
 fiirnieil ol llii' l:H't, llinl llir 'iiutiiirili'"' nl'llii' 1'vri'itiiry III' I'loriili hiw iin;iiiiii'i| n pnrk "( liliiuillinuiiili iViiin 
 the lithind ■>r<.'iiliM, luiil I think \< in'opiT to (lirni't. In ihn evoiit nl thox: il <i:t liriiit' rniii'liiyiil liy nny ntficc-r nr 
 otikers uniU" yiinr coiiiiiMnil. tliii llit'ir MSI' he ninlincil iiliiinriliir to tr:nkin(; tin: Inili.iii-i; niid in orilcr 10 
 iiionri! thi.t, nnil |ii<'vi'i,t ilir pn-.-'iliility i>l their iiijiirii<i: nny \tvt uii \\ h<it.s(ie\t:r, th,>t thvy lir mii7./ii>i| wlim in 
 the fleUI. iiinl hclil wiili n Ic i-li \vhiii'lnlhnvin;r tlin iniik nl' the I'ln-iiiy. .1. R. I'lll.NSIiTT " 
 
 Mr. Ailnlii-, in •^ln!.'rl'-«, snhinitii il Ihi.' Inilinviii}; rt'inliitinn : lli.iilcnl. Thit the Scrri't.iry nl' VVir I* ilin.rt 
 edttii«|Hirt to this llnnsc Uiu iKitninl, piiruicnl, iinil mnriinl lilstnry (il'thn lilnndlinuinl. shnwinv fhe inculiar 
 fitnens of thm cI.isk of wnrrinrs to lin llie n^sncintrs of the tMlliint niiny nf iht- IJiiiifil Siitos, spi'tilylni; tlit uitT 
 disrriliiinntion of liin srenl liniwrcn the hlond nf the frii'iiiMii mill thn lilnml nf iht; >l;ivr — liclwcnn the lilimd 1.;' 
 tho Hriiied unrrior nnd Ih it nf w.nni'n .unl rhililrcn- ln'i wcrn the liloml nf the lihick, whiu-, iiinl i-nlond men- 
 lietween lh« lilonil of sinniii' .'•'('iiniinli-s nnil thnt of thn .\iii!ln-Saxnn pnnis Chrittiiiii. .\Nn, 11 htniiiment of the 
 n.:iiit)«rof hluoilliminds ami tin ir imiiliK tors, impnrtcil liy this (iiivtTiiiiK'iil, nr liy tho iiuilmtitius of I'lnrliln, 
 froiti tlin Inlnnil of Culm mill llie cnst nl' thnt 11. iiHiitiition. Also whether .'i liirth»r imporlntniii of the tninin 
 heroic r:ice Into the Hi He nf M line, to awiiit the cnntii:i:en('y of n i-nnlesii'd Nllrthlnl^t^rll li<iiind:iry i)iiev|uin, 
 is coiitenipl.Ttcn. or only In >et nn I'Mtiiiplo tn h ■■ fnllnweil liy our pnssilile !iilv'r>nry in llw event nf 11 lonllin 
 Whether iiieii>nres have Ixien taken In seeiire eveliisively toniirsehes the «'iiiplnyment nf this niuiliiry forri-, 
 itnd whether hu deems it e.vpiiiiunt to e\teiui to tliu .said hlooillmuniW and their |Hi»ierily the lienelil of ili> 
 pension laws. 
 
 ♦ EuwiN CiitiswKr.i, .\M) JiiiiN Vav Bi'UF.N. — Allliodn'li tlii'.';c twu pupils nl' the cider Van 
 Btircn ami Hutlcr his jianiii-r, an' at jiri'scnt at variauc;.', llioy liavi' many pniuis nl' rp.si'iii- 
 blancc, and 1 have th'.'rcrui' fj'iveii a lirit-'I'iKiiii'Li o( thfin loi^otlii-'r. Kdwint'ioswi'll is nearlv 
 fifty years of ajfe — the -son of a newsjjaper oilitor in C'atskiji. where also lie, hiiii.-eir, eoiuiucietl 
 a weekly paper. One 01 his hrotliers Iceejis a very pieasaiu hotel there, and the t'ainily aiv 
 wealthy. Edwin took eharjie ol' thi- Albany Ar!,Mis in IS'Jii, was then eh-cted state prinii <:. 
 and has kejit his position, while advoeatinij rotation in oliiee to otiieis, lor twenty-two years, 
 except about a.s many iiKuilhs, dniim,' whieh Tliurlow Weetl, who hesie^jed and ttwk his tm- 
 tress by .storm, held possession. Kdwin Cioswell married a ilaii'^liieroi Joiiti Adams, a ii;",- 
 yer in Cat.skill, who has iieen in CJoii;^re.s.s and held various ollices. 1 lis nepliew antl luisi- 
 ne.ss partner, Sherman ("roswell, married her sister. I'Voin iMlrt to I^IW, (Jiosweli lolioweil 
 Van Buren's lead imjilicitly in all thiiiirs. in the matierofthe siil>-ireasuiy, he siil;mitied, as 
 did Marcj- — bm the ill-liiek- of IhK) and 1811. ihe sjilittiiiijf up ol' ]iarties, liiroii^'h the slavery 
 question, and the e.';posiires made in my l^ives of Iloyt imd Btitler, have helped t • terminaii' 
 an intimary that was founded solely on frain. There seemed to he a ehanee of healing diller- 
 ences, by givinir Wrif^lU's editor, Cassidy, half the proiils, mul Sherman Cro.-.well the oiher, 
 but it lell through last February. 1 described Oroswell in IHIU ;is his poliiieal friends do 
 now. O'.Sullivan. in the IS'ows o) Feb. 'il, s;iys, "that in IKfT, our party did not throw olf.ill 
 of this conservatism. Edwin Croswell was as mueh its m.tster-spirit then as nmv; as timid 
 as any, as unsound as any. But the lx;st oliiee in the Union was lloatinf^ amid the anf(ry 
 waters; he clun<f to il with a lieaih-i^rip, and went with it to the lH)ltom. But miw, ^'orgn/ io 
 rcpUiion, because he can <^et no more, ho summons his motley hosts of Conservatism to tlit' 
 rally." Crosweil's emoluments, when he f,'ot ofliee, as I^eake's partner, in IHiiJ, were small. 
 $10,000 a year sufficed tor printinjj in tiiose day.s — but the e.'iix'nduure j^raduaily rose to 
 $70,000 per annum, all items inchuleii. His receipts, from first to la.st, have Ixen estimated by 
 Flagg and others at a million of dollars. He had all the printing of the senate, the assembly, the 
 executive, and the state departments, including laws, journals, legal notices, adverti.sements, and, 
 of course, the private sale and advertising of his paper, and his business as a printer. He had 
 
 enormous an 
 be , that Vai 
 gating every 
 which he co 
 ili lire of ab( 
 
 the lion's share 
 &c. He dealt 
 only three waf 
 —the gjvern.)r 
 allow<''d en irn 
 my hands whe 
 liiirlyand ocor 
 rnicn more th^ 
 Argts— anl tl 
 ox.'cutive ollict 
 [iiicc nllowe 1 i 
 tiye of the Sii 
 iviiicurrence of 
 presidents, ma; 
 permanent p -r 
 i'i|iiivalent at h 
 Gol. Vouns,', w; 
 hi.s own princi 
 ilil character. 
 li 'L'l^'in? letters 
 Wlv.'n the two 
 cheats, Croswc 
 p'ared on the ^ 
 1814, and weni 
 
 Aintmg tho c 
 5-2a/^,0;)0— prii 
 vised statutes ;j 
 310,0(1). (Bel 
 ihi.s city and tl 
 
 Croswell is 
 ',,-hi<;s and a ji; 
 dally inav be 
 iiiid capn/ik, th 
 iries for Texas 
 money. A h; 
 ilisTPilUnblc ci 
 Tammany Hi 
 liim," as he ca 
 
 '• Xcwspape 
 it's"— and Col, 
 lor adapting it 
 iiiKjii its obedi( 
 Odngress, A 
 leadins membi 
 ti.ms to control 
 ut St. Stephen 
 
 Some years 
 iween the Eve 
 for SI, 000, but 
 the Globe dail 
 
 The Custoi 
 in nine month 
 dilation, mi^l) 
 Standarti. Bell 
 these unclaiini 
 Hoyt was triei. 
 w IS to merchr 
 tlie manly intc 
 be possible, pe 
 
 John Van I 
 
viTiiient, ill Con- 
 )|lice, were never 
 Clobe, in 1839, 
 Iht of A lay, tool; 
 oral [opposition ) 
 j;n'ss, ii luouiGAL, 
 Its principal sup- 
 ;laiiior about it in 
 justly calls " that 
 
 UHH vrry llinitrd," ihiu 
 pliii w.t-* nut I'liMstiiu. 
 ! : (1. re arc Ills wdfiIh- 
 111 un llu; (iiirl nf tviry 
 
 CillZclls .SllllMtilltMl III 
 
 ill, mil iinly liml never 
 ilii' iiii'-s:ii:i! win M'nt In 
 iiiiiil 1(111 strvnuty In jniir 
 ott— July, l.<U)— lie Hiiys 
 
 rirlt to sen,! to V.\\\\a, for 
 wlioiii ( |i|iri:d!t|iiil h:i(l 
 
 111' lIlO Snlllll. l''lliri(l:l. 
 
 Ilicpii!'li i:iit I llii'i'lly in- 
 rk III' liliiiiilliiiiiiiil'< tViiiii 
 |iliiyi(l liy iiiiy olficer nr 
 iiili.iiis ; :inil III iirilcr in 
 icy III' iiiiizzii'il « lidi ill 
 
 .1. R. 1'(ii.\si;tT" 
 •ri'tiiry nl' VV ir li« iliri rt 
 nil. NJiiiwini; !lic |ii culiiir 
 liU's, siH'cUyliii; ilif niiT 
 .r — liclwri'n llie liliiiid cf 
 V lull', mill niliiri'il iiien— 
 Ahii, II Ktiiirmeiit of ilii' 
 I! iiillliiirUiu.'i III I'liirliln. 
 iiii|Hirl;itiiiii of the iiuiiie 
 itrrn liiiiinil;iry iiiii'vticiii, 
 
 llll' fVI'Ilt lit' II lllllllilt 
 
 I of this iiiuilnry fiirr.', 
 slnnly ihi' lic'iu'lil of ili, 
 
 nls of the eider Van 
 innv points ni' resi-iii- 
 iiu'ioswi'll is iieailv 
 ic, hiiiiseir, coiului'U'd 
 e, ami thi; family a:.' 
 
 elected .stati.' printi i. 
 for iweniy-two years, 
 ,'eil and loolv liis Im- 
 
 Joiiti Ailanis, a la",-- 
 lis iiejilieu" and Imsi- 
 W, Crossvell loliowcd 
 uiy, lie suhniilled, a> 
 , liiroiiirh llie slavery 
 • helped t ) terininaii' 
 lire ofheaiini,' diller- 
 [1 Croswell the other, 
 IS politieal friends tin 
 
 did nut throw nlf all 
 
 en as now ; as liniiil 
 
 itii.^ amid the an;j;iy 
 
 But iio'w, ^iirisrd in 
 
 Cotiservatisiirto tlie 
 in lH-2li, were siiinll. 
 ire ;,'raduaily ruse to 
 vc Ixen estimated liy 
 ate, the assembly, the 
 
 advertisements, and, 
 IS a printer. He had 
 
 EDWIN CROSWELL, OR iJIE I'niNCK 01-' PKINTKRS. 
 
 147 
 
 enormous and iniquitous waslt" of the public money ;" but thf public will ivmrtn- 
 be , that Van Bun-n had in.ijoritit-d in both iioust*-, he had the meuna uf investi- 
 gating every dishonest charge, and he had sworn befon; God to veto every bill 
 which he could not, on full inquiry, deliberately approve. When, in an expen- 
 tli lire of about 150 millions. Congress ofl'ered for Van Buren's approval, uu.nejf 
 
 the lion's share of the plunder levied \,y the reifenry, in the form of ehariers for bnnks, stock, 
 ic. He dealt in publie lamlB, he borrowed out the deposits, he sold his dwellin(,'-hon.se, with 
 only three walls, to Mnrey, Fl.Tirtr, Dix and Heardsl.'v, for the use oi the ijovernor, at $l!>,i)()() 
 —the fjjvem.ir w.)ul(l not sei his foot into it, anil it had to be re.sohl at n jjieat lo.-s — he wa.s 
 allowxl en )rmous priees tor his printin'.r work, and many doeuments have p,is.sed tliroui,'h 
 my hands where he made 100 riai,'cs out ef what would not iiavi" Inen 5i) in tiic samety|)e, if 
 liiirly and economically printc 1 — from those wh i had to irive leu'al ih tiees, a tax \ as levieil iif 
 m icn more than tliey could have been as fully jiuiilished lor in oihi'r newspapers than ihe 
 Argis — an I the legislative report says, '• This uionopoly was so p-rfoet, that if any of thr 
 ox.'cutive ollicers had a job of printing which a in'.'ehanie wo.il 1 oif-r to execute at half tlio 
 liric'J allowe 1 in the coiiiraet, th'j wli>.'els of refreneSment wer' firmly Mock 'd In- ilie pieroLja- 
 lio! of the .State printer, seeur-d to him by a law which could not bo motlili.'d wiihout ihe 
 (•incurrence of the three branehes of the l:iw-makin^' p. iwer.'' Governors, jiul^'cs, senators, 
 presidents, mayors, (h'inoerats and doorkeep'^is chaiiLied plaee-^ — ('roswetl scenic 1 the onlv 
 permanent p-rsonal insiitmion in the state. I h;ive always considered Weed's inroad as the 
 i'i|iiivalent at least of the batilc of New Orleans — in. xl'ilc priiitinn. That cni,'ina of a man, 
 (Jol. Vouns;, was loud an 1 earn>'M in Crosweli's support, in 1h;{!I, in delianee of puiilic opinion, 
 his own principle of rotation, aiitl his perfect knowlcdfje of CrosweH's cunnintr, tricky, mr- 
 lii. I character. Cromwell htis paid ^'oiin;; olf siin'c, in abuse and expv)sure ; published his 
 ii'i'ijin;? letters for bank .stuck ; ami is now cndeavouriiii^ to keep him out of the convention. 
 ■\Vli'.'n the two stock-johbini: ra.scals, Senattirs Bishop and Keinble, were expose! as public 
 clieals, Croswell stuck to them like a brother to the very last. Bisiiop, has, I think, rcap- 
 p.-ared on the stasre. I am told he was in the Van Buren stale conveulion at Syraeu.'se in 
 1814, and went first for Bouck, Wright beiiijj 5~y his second choice. 
 
 Am mg ihe oflicial returns and estimates of Crosweli's emolumciits, are le?i,slative printing 
 S-2W,0;)0 — printing,' for canals and olfices jj^,0;)l) — puhli.shin:j notices jfl'JO.Otll) — printing re- 
 vised statutes S15,000 — leifal advertising jjaO.OOO— piiblishing eoniracts, &c. from post-office 
 SIO.OO'). (Benjamin F. Butler, besides his private practice, extracted from the merchants of 
 ihis city and the executive, fees etpial to about $'70,01)0 in a little over two years 1) 
 
 Croswell is not very popvdar, and finding he could not keen his ortice longer, he joined the 
 '.'ti'gs and a part of the democnii.s, la.>-t Maieh, in recommeiuiin:,' thit everything printed olti- 
 I'ially mav be henceforth done bv contracts. If ihase who give out the contract.s are honest 
 andcapiiJ'k, there will be a saving by this; if not, not. Croswell is a Ai/»^fr in stale politics; 
 ;'ies for Texas, .slavery, Polk, Marcy, and Canada, (3reson, phiuder, war; anything to lualce 
 money. A hard money loco-foeo is his detc^tiitioii. He e.vpre.sseil a deep regret that such 
 il'frrdil-adlc candidates as Slamm, of the Globe, and R. Townsend, had lieea uoiuinated by 
 Tain'uany Hall fjr the As.>ioinbly, iw Oct. IKH, and turned up his nasal organ at "the fac- 
 tion," a-s he called some very worthy, hone.st friends of ecpial right.s in this city. 
 
 '• Newspapers (says Hammond^ are to political parlies what working tofils are to mechan- 
 ics" — and Col. Duane, in IHIO, a.sked, " Why should we censure the National Intelligencer 
 for adapting iuself to the style and temjxT of its congre.«^sional ]ialriins ? Its existence deix-'v'-- 
 upon its obedience to the temporising and tricking schemes of the influential inend)ers of 
 Congress. A pa [icr published at Wa.shington is as much dependent on the inlluenco of the 
 leading members as the new.spapers of London o. the court; and there are as strong inclina- 
 tiiiis to control and render the press subservient to views not piuely public at the capitol, as 
 at 8t. Stephen's." 
 
 Some years ago, a democratic corporation of New '\'ork ^ave a SI 1,000 advertisement, be- 
 iween the Evening Post and New L'.ra. The same iidi '-malion could have been better spread 
 lor .S1,(H)0, but it was a fee. So, too, the public admin .-traior's three weeks' notice lately in 
 the Globe daily, at a large expense, and many more such. 
 
 The CustoiJi-hoiise here ha.s its favorite presses. Unclaimed lyoods are advertised once 
 in nine months, and sold. The notice of sale, if published thrice in the papei-s of largest cir- 
 culation, might be ii.sefiil. Hoyt made it politieally useful. In the fall ol 1840. Mumford's 
 Standard. Bell's New Kra, the Uvening Po,st, and the Journal of Commerce, eixch advcrti.sed 
 these unclaimed packages for ONfcl MONTH, and received f>r so doing over $1800. When 
 Hoyt was tried for embez'/lement, the Past and Journal dispo.sed of his case, interesting as it 
 w IS to merchants, in a very lew lines. Is, it not clear and evident that a convention, and all 
 tlie manly intelligence and sterling honetsty of the commoin\Talth are wanted, to secure, if it 
 be possible, permanent peace without ovei-wlielming corruption, as its accomponymeut ? 
 
 John Van Buren is, like Croswell, fond uf money, but he has the art of a seeming frank- 
 
 ,'[ 
 
 1/ 
 
 <; 
 
\ ; 
 
 148 
 
 JOHN VAN laiM-.N, OK THE rKINOli OF jt^' I'OTIIKR. 
 
 !*.• . 
 
 
 ■',*' :' 
 
 ¥ ' : ., •■ 
 
 1 1^ 
 
 votes of forty-four miUions which the executive had not required^ his duty, his 
 oath required him to examine carefully, and if he did not see cause to approve, 
 to veto the profligate l)ills. Van Buren's estimates in four years were bU mil- 
 lions — Congress voted him \A'.\ millions. On each bill he wrote "approved.''* 
 
 iiess and libt^ralitj- which me not real. I have made my readers well enough acquainted with 
 him, by otlier deseriptions in this voUnue. Utv^pectable jounials have nominated him to tlie 
 presidency, and after what has been who can iell wliat may be '\ He visited London 
 some yeais ago on prolessional business, andAvhile there swore to the identity of J. W. Webli, 
 by his writing, so that througli the sharp niactite of Corning and others, he was arrested fur 
 an American debt while in Bristol, liis language in ]nivat'j life maybe judged of by his let- 
 ters, whieli, though full of blasphemy against Uod, Vice Chanctllor McCoun protected as lite- 
 rary properly, so far as to enjoin my last puiuphlet, and, as far as he could, conceal from the 
 honest people of the .State his true eharactei'. lie was uppoiiited Altoinoy General by that ^ys- 
 tem of nomination which, as the Post admits, is comipi to the core, aiul managed by '• a lew 
 corrupt politicians, who, like a greedy pack of hounds, set ujion any man who dares to export! 
 their profligacv." John Van Buren is a rowdv, the associate of rowdies — matched in mouth 
 with 
 
 " Mastili", blood-hound, mongrel giim, 
 
 (Jur and spaniel, hack and lym, 
 
 iJobtail-tyke and trundle-tail ;"' 
 
 and the rest of that motley turnspit pack, that open in concert most hideous, whenever our 
 state Nimrod provokes the scent of a true reformer, ail of them ready to bear him down, if 
 possible. 
 
 John Van Buren was nominated for at!oiney general, by %\ members of the party, assem- 
 bled in a private room. The vote was '17 to '1(>, so he had but one of a majority there, which, 
 if added to 14, not at thnt caucus, who supported No.voii, iti thcolhcial voic, slmwsiM memlx'i.s 
 opposed to him, 10 for him. Yet by this inl'amoiis, clieaiing system this man got \)'Z votes 
 and a .salary, as lirst lawyer of Xew York, and soon aller delivered a funeral eulogy on Jack- 
 son at the capitol. He entered into ,iartner^liip with James McKown, (i)rmcrly and nou 
 again Recorder of Albany — went down to Hudson to .vssi.st the district attorney there to try 
 pixir Houghton and others — lailed to convict him — made out his bill for 3f5()(), and Sikis 
 Wright ordered payment — went down next term ; assisted to try Boughion over again ; had a 
 row and bo.\ing match with Ambrose Jordan, Bonghlon's lawyer, Van Buren being the iig- 
 gressor; insulted the court; botii were sent 'J-1 hours to jail with the prisoners ; the jurors and 
 witnesses, and case delaved ; Boughton was convicted ; Van Bnicn asked the J uiigc(l /Imonds) 
 what would Ik? a fair additional compensation, over and above iiis s.M.vnv and the 5f'.^)0(t lie hail 
 had before; Edmonds replied, ^I'j- another ihourand dollars; this shocked even a Van Buren, 
 orperhapsGovernorWriLjht refused to sanction such wholcsule Builciizliig..so Van Buicn made 
 out hi.s bill for another ^Ib^, and got it. He was the real '• big thunder" aficr all. Wri{.',hi 
 sent him up to Delhi 7ie.xt, to assist the district attorney there, and ordered Flagg to pay Inn; 
 another fjllO I'or that triji, as an e.Min. Greene poisoned his wife, and Wright sent him'tiuiv 
 al.so, to help the government lawyer, and gave him S'^.'iO extra lor that. These 'Uiuciurs ;nv 
 all in addition to very lucrative tees of ofhce from the people, with a s.ilary, and his private 
 practice. The statutes define ifr> a day as a rea.sonable coinpeustitinn il a man go abroad— 
 ^ a day are paid to a Senator at Washington, and #;Ufione at Albany. Wright allowed Vmi 
 Buren nearer to SIO or Sa'' a day. Unite econoinicnl ! A few days nj^o, in Assembly, Mr. 
 Harris proposed a resolution liir ndojiti(..i, stating that Van Buren, Cohin, district attorney, a 
 judge, and others were at an Albany C'cuiniy ('onveniion on March IJlst, he ri'cw/Hg 101) 
 ruirians, who licat a number of respectable persons violently and dangerously, that a conmiil- 
 tee of inquiry should be appointed, for the suke of the impartial ailmini'^tration of justice. 
 Nothing is as yet done. A late jirodiiction on the attorney general, entitled " Tht; Lash," con- 
 tains more truth than poetry : 
 
 (), ' fHVdritc Rmndson iit'thr Fliiipiro Plate I' 
 
 O son orniiiKic, whfrclbre not In- creiil '. 
 
 WV.nt ! cnn'iit thou |)iiiise, iinil shHil it (hen lie lolil 
 
 Thou Hre not worthy of thy Calher's liild t 
 
 Forbid It. tnll .lohn, prove ihysvll' ihy sire'.s, 
 
 The world it l)rH|[i;iirl, iind li*;r rliUilri-n li.irs; 
 
 8how thnt the WHnd the preat Maplciiin swnv", 
 
 Thee licing pond, Klill Icnsthenx oiU thy days. 
 Feeds thee with pap, ami (sivi-s thee e>ery Rood, 
 Clotlies thy Icint! Iiack, and In tliy lire! adil.t wuod : 
 .Nor itlnp tliDU liere, hut cnuilatu the man 
 Wlio.sciiniH 10 lie, or touch the llowing can. 
 The..e aie thy laiill!! : and inioit I mid, that piny 
 Taken up thy tinio, iind leudii theo much nrtray' ! 
 
 ♦ Extravagance, he said, was not objectionable. When Jackson vetoed the bank, he 
 was reminded thai Madison had not done so. His r'-ply was. I think the bank uncoiisiitr. 
 tional. Who had equal means with Van Buren to inquire into, expose and check national ))iii- 
 tligacy 1 No one. He liad ih.; Ahole anny of officials at hand, to aid his inveBligation.s, bi r 
 ■E SHUT HIS EVES ANn MADE Nf)NE. lu defiance of his solemn pledge to dctenri the cciisiiiii- 
 t ion, he siiid, "I ai)pidve," to the expenditure of many million.x, for the most wasteful pui^- 
 
 VAN 
 
 What says 
 before it he 
 .sign it ; bu 
 .Il<:CT10iV, 
 .saj^o of De 
 him, that " 
 ill vvliicli til 
 interposed j 
 (jance.^^ V 
 
 A Hint to 
 
 Hdmum) 
 ."iclu'ine by \ 
 cond.scatc'il 1 
 el' tlm natioi 
 till! confisoat 
 Uitioii of paj: 
 worst kill.!, 
 circulation.'' 
 marked, a.s i 
 NOT A Ttrro 
 
 sniulowiiiii: 
 
 I'lj.ios, and till 
 :i.it boL'ii very 
 '.i'iiijcance. 
 i.:ul bjju bii; 
 '■\ niiv act 
 •y."" When 
 ::ie ploa of, '■ 
 !' wa.-i fasiiiuii 
 ;-k'ntl),'is of w 
 I) to (!:) inciiil: 
 !?.«■, g'!s p ly 
 I'r.'lilll attci]:li 
 
 lii.il half the c; 
 business, and 
 i:!,::, soin^: .'iJ'O.'jv 
 111 order that 
 '(ilh idle ami 
 i iiid--b;it Va 
 lar, li.it is |i;i 
 "i«nl'' laiowii i 
 '■>;it Woodbiir 
 ■.'<aip practice 
 (•ompiu'c til 
 ' ml,! slaiidv'r i 
 iiig a .if',') 01' 
 ll':WJ3ljbid 
 i-io, how keen 
 I'ther son, libci 
 •'onipare thesi 
 iiavagiiiice, ar 
 
IKR. 
 
 VAN liUIlCN's rnOFLtGATU EXrENDITURE AND PENUKIOUSMESS. 119 
 
 (/, his duty, his 
 :ause to approve, 
 ars were bU mil- 
 He " approved."* 
 
 ugh acquainted with 
 Dininatcd him to tlie 
 lie visited London 
 atityofJ.W. Weill), 
 he" was arrested fur 
 judged of by his lot- 
 )un protected as litc- 
 ]d, conceal from tlic 
 General by that sys- 
 mana|,'cd by '• a lew 
 who dares to export: 
 •—matched in mouth 
 
 leous, whenever our 
 to bear him down, if 
 
 ; of the parly, asseni- 
 lajorilv there, which, 
 c, shows IM mcinlx'r.s 
 is man got '.)vi voles 
 eral eulogy on Jack- 
 n, formerly and now 
 atit)rney there, to try 
 for 3f50(), and Sila> 
 in over again ; had a 
 Huren being the ai,'- 
 mers; the jurors ai.il 
 ihi" Judge (l/lmonds) 
 V and the jt'.^Od lie had 
 1 even a Van Bureii, 
 J. so Van Buien made 
 r' after all. Wright 
 redFlagg to pay him 
 Vright sent him there 
 These ■Itniaurs are 
 ary, and his private 
 f a inan go abroai!— 
 Wright allowetl V:,n 
 go, in Assembly, Mr. 
 in,distrii't attorney, a 
 :{lst, lie riiviii}( 101) 
 (lusly, that a comniil- 
 iiilMiation of justici'. 
 led "The Lash,"coii- 
 
 ii'iis nut Uiy Ai\yn, 
 vi's ihfti ivery Rood, 
 > ttiy tlri' Htldt wuoil : 
 lull! the iiiiiit 
 tlx' llii\\inK inn. 
 iiiisi I mill, llmt play 
 s tlieo niiiel) (\Flniy ! 
 
 vetoed tlu; bank, lie 
 the bank unconsiili:* 
 id check national pru- 
 lis investigations, dit 
 o defend the eoiistilii- 
 le most -wastcfnl pm^ 
 
 What says cl.uise 2d of § 7, art. 1 , of the constitution 1 Tliat every bill " shall, 
 before it beconu; a Iii,\v, ba presented to tiie president: if he. approve, he shall 
 j-ign it; but if not, he shall return it, v'ukUU objeclions.'''' HE HAD NO OB- 
 JKCTlOiNS. l']very prolligate vote had his willing signature ; and, in his mes- 
 sage of Dec. 1S39, this faithless sentinel replied to the public murmurs against 
 him, that " no instunee has occurred since the establishment of the government, 
 ill which the I'.Kiiculive, though a component part of the logislativt; power, has 
 interposed an objection to an appropriation bill on the sole ground of its extrava- 
 (juncc,'^'' Was not this calumniating others to shield his own misconduct .•' 
 
 CHAPTER XXX 
 
 A Hint to President Polk how to stop the Speculatorsy and settle the Public 
 Landfi with hardi/ and happy Farmers. 
 
 Eu.MUM) l>URivK, in his work on the French Revolution, condemned the 
 scheme by which a paper circulation of 2.")0 millions of dollars, founded on the 
 confiscated lands of the church and nobility, had been substituted for the moiiey 
 Hi' the nation ; and wisely foretold, that " drawing out at discretion portions of 
 the confiscated lands for sale, and carrying on a process of continuid transmu- 
 Lition of paper into huid, and land into pa[)er, would produce an oligarchy ofth« 
 worst kind, aiul leave pov.'er in the hands of the managers of iliis unstable 
 circulation." Ihirke detested these Butlerizing adventurers, and most truly re- 
 marked, as many farmers in America have felt since his day, that " Usurv is 
 NOT A TTtroR oT ACMtici'r.TunR." Heavcn save the Republic from such over- 
 shadowir.g Jjund Companies as that of 1835, bv Wright, Butler and Van Buren ! 
 
 pj.->e.'i, and ihoii turned round and ollcred a^; an apology tliat less proiligaie president.s had 
 imt boon vciy paiiicalar in iheir inquiries. This is old Briti-ih lory extravagance with a 
 vengeance. Gorge IV. could not have played lii.s part mo;,e royally. When Van Buren 
 l.:ul b:vu bui one day govern, -r of .\ew Yoric, lie wrote iloyt, •' I cannirt consent lo contribute 
 l.vany act of mine io the preraleucc of that great jcilitical vice, a desire to shun responsilu- 
 iiry."" When pn-.^deui, he .•huiil'd oil' the obligation oi' an oath to see economy practised, bv 
 !:ie plea of, '■ it is not fashidiialih' lo ])iU lliiii jiart of tiiecoustitulioii in force id n lUcrnl X)isi\'' 
 I' wa.s fashionable lor the executive to win!: at the prolligate expenditure of Coiigre.s.s, ihe. 
 i.k'iub.Ms of which vote iliem-i'lvci.^lfi n day in place of $8, in various Ibnns— and though 
 1) lo •);> membMs will Ix' ab.vent for inouiiis ncielher, every man of ihem, in the teeth of the 
 !:i\v, gots p ly from tlie lir-t day of ihe s^'.ssiou to ilic la.'^l, just a.s if they had been all in Wash- 
 i'l'^'tiiu attei'iding lo their duty. >;ot long siiiee, Mr. liryant meiuioiu'd in tlie Evening Po.si, 
 iiLit half the captains and couunanders of the navy were at home on their larius, or in other 
 Msinc.ss, and li:ul been so for many years; whicli meant that some TD men w^re receiv- 
 l:ir:, sum ' .'ir'O.'jO:) ;iiid olhi'rs .■jjlHilO a year eacli, for nothing, and gelling unlit I'or .sea service, 
 1 1 ;n.ler th:it government itiighl have pairmiage. and be enabled to jirovidi' i'llliinuial families 
 
 litli idle and alllueni livings at tli>' puolie expense. Tin's is jar, fur worse ihan even in Eiig- 
 i.iiid— iMt Vau f'.uivii sought nut to puivide a remedy.^ '• Every jiublie default -r'is mil only "ii 
 iar, b.it is puni •ludile for perjury,'' sa\-s Dr. .M;iyo of Va. Of liie enormous emlK/zleiiieiits 
 nmili' known in Vau Bureu's tiiii ■, was there rvcii one ra.seal punished ! Poin-le.xier tells us 
 
 Kit Woodbury was eheeked by the President when he ventured to threaten or interfere willi the 
 ■!i;iip practice of .)es>e lloyt! 
 
 Compare this sickening public prolligaey willi that ingraini'd avarice and meanness whivli 
 ' uiM slander in Uviduals, call them (',■ x aiyl impn^tors, and groan in spirit for the ri.sk of lo.s- 
 iiig a i)!.') or ;;i!lO loan! [page ISl], selling an albnney a-dunuing after a few shilling.s— and 
 Ipage Q'JIJ bidding lloyl s brother cliarge an aeeomit with Ij-one cent! .rolm Vaif Buren, 
 ijo, how Keen he looks after the smallest ilill'erence in money ! while S. T. Van IJuren, an- 
 niher son, liberally bestows a lif.'i bill to .set the New Era afloat as a democratic journal! 
 t'ompare lliese with the violation of an oath, the ^ 'iprobation of wholesale proflij^'acy and ex- 
 tiavagance, auel acipiit Van Buren if you can. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
"-< 
 
 : rvr—jr* 
 
 I * 
 
 I 
 
 I ' 
 
 ■ ' ■ V 
 
 ■■ I 
 
 n'' . 
 
 >'.:* 
 
 150 POLK AND GREELEY, OR THE WAY TO LAY OUT NEW STATES. 
 
 * President Tolk, in his message of last December, acknowlcilges the evils of 
 the land sysloin. These are his words : 
 
 " It hiis been I'ouml by experience that, in consequence of combinations of purchasers and 
 other causes, a very small quantity of the jiublic lands, when sold at jiublic auction, '•ommands 
 a higher price than the minimum rate established by law. The sctllers on the public lands 
 are, iKuvever, but rarely able lo secure their homesand improvements at the jiutjlic sales at 
 that rate; because these combinations, by means oi' the c;ipilal they command, and their 
 superior abi lily to pui chase, render it impossible lor the sculcr to comjete with them in the 
 market. By pu tin? down all competition, these comliinatimis of capitalists and speculutors 
 are usually enaliK'd to purchase the lands, including the irnprovemems of the settlers, at the 
 minimum price of tlie Government, and either turn ihcmi out of their homes, or extort from 
 them, according to their ability to pay, doubh- or quadruid'.' the amount paid lor them to 
 the Uovernmciii. It is to the enterpris- and perseverance ot' the hardy pioneers ol the West, 
 who penetrate the wildi-rness with their families, sulicr the damrci's, ilie ]jriv;. lions and hiird- 
 ships attending the seitltiuent of a new country, and prepare the way lor the body of cini- 
 grants who, in the course of a lew vears, usually follow them, that we are, in a ijrciii degree, 
 indebted lor the ra))id extension antt aggrandizement of otir country. lOxpeiience has pioVcMi 
 that no portion ofoiir population are more jialriotic than the hardy and brave men of the iron- 
 tier, or mure read}- to obey llie call of (heir country, and to difeiid her rigliis ;iiid her hoiior, 
 whenever and ly \vliaie\('r enemy assailed. They should Ik- pro;ecled lioin the grasping spe- 
 culator, and secured, at ihe miniiimm price of the pubic lands, in the luiinblc Homes wlmli 
 they have improved by their labor."* 
 
 * President Polk, if he were sincere, would see that a remedy \\as jirovidi-;!. Congress is 
 with hhn. (ireeley tells u^, in his 'Pnh.iue, that "The dillicuUy is not that the Public Land* 
 are lou dear, but thai, cheap as they are. tiiove w ho mod nod Lands kdiiu./ :s(t Hum, v/iLle l/icfc 
 V'hit hare no moral rii^ht In anii mini mid dn nhtnin f'rre Thiiusand lo Filhj 'nviinand acnx cw.ii. 
 There are lens ol thousaiuls of worthy, willing citizens now in ihe iNi w Sttiii's, v hose worldly 
 goods are limiied to a wife and three oi' lour children, an axe and two or ihr. ■ hoes, a cow 
 and a pig, «ith rude and scanty apparel, k'itehen-ware, \,c. 'I'he'-e men have lut aim catuiji 
 raise the .5-iilO re{]iiired to buyltiO acres of Public Land ; they ihink ihey cannot make it In- 
 hiring out or working' other men's land on shares, and thoti;:h we think liiey mi-^dit, wilii 
 health, Irimaliiy anil good luck, we know the process is at he.-t a dillicult and leihous one. ' 
 When shall we liiid such jiai riots (!) as Henton, Calhoun, Ca.-s, Allen, (>ambieleng atid Polk, 
 etli'ctually interfering with this rascally system '( 
 
 There are tlioiis;it\ds of citizens re(i nesting (Jongress ^"V " that the further uilc or LTantinz 
 jQ-'of the Pkiiim.k's ]„amis may be imuicdialiiii d.ipixd ; tliat poilionsol' the laiiils may Ik; laid 
 •^i* out in Farms and Lots; aiid thtit any landless person may b<; allowed to take jiossession 
 ^f^and live upon any one of the farms or lots so laiel out, with the right to fiansicr his or 
 '^;^ her possession to any person not possessed of other land." I am in lavor of this plan, be- 
 cause il is a real ren.iMiy, A free ])eople, thus settled in tiie west, would yield a ricli letuin ol 
 prosperity, and their commerce would .strengthen the older slates, and be a new bond of unioii. 
 I honor Messrs. Windt, l%vans, Treadwell, Devyr, and their worthy cmiiriules, for their jier.sc- 
 \'eranee in keepin^rlhis real remedy lielbie the people; aiiddceplv regret that (.io\-ei nor Wriiihi 
 and liis advisers dirl not, ai an early day. interpose; their be^t I'lloris to redress the wrongs di 
 the anti-renters. Had iJiey done that many moiiihs a'.'o, the state jirisons wutdd have had 
 li'wer tenants, and Messrs. 'NVriglit and Van Buren would not luive lound it necess;iry to olj- 
 jcet to a state eonvi'iiiion on account of the agitated conditinu of the public mind, 
 
 f iorace Gividey thus sums up the principles td' the friends of land lefoiin : 
 
 "The Heforini'rs demaml that all numopoly of and .speculation in the Lands yet Puhlio 
 shall be stopi)ed, henceforth and Ibrever. They do not ask meivly that landless men of to-dav 
 shall be provided Willi a Ifoine, but that the best possible jirovisioii shall be made for fuliiiv 
 gi.merations also. Now this proposal to give every lanilless man KJII acres of Public Lriiid 
 (lUtright, and leave all the lands subject to unlimited sp<'culaiion and iiiuiiopoly, would, if sue- 
 ce.s.sfLil, atlbrd a litih- jiresent gratification and possibly relief at the expense of inlinite mise- 
 ries and privation in fiiiure. Nearly all the Landli'ss are needy; many of them are improvi- 
 dent ; not a few are dissipated. To <dli'r each ;i quarter section of l^ublic Land as ;i free gilt, 
 with liberty to sell the fee simple to .my one, would be simply enabling the s|:eeiilalor to nh- 
 tain at second-hand foi- a few dollars what ikjw costs him hundreds, and thus lo monopoli/i- 
 Counties insieail of Townships. All this ground has been gone over once in the easeol Mili- 
 tary Bounty Lands, which cost the siddiers an ani|ile coUHideration in fatigui', privation tiiul 
 blood, and were in good part. sold by them for a twentieth part of their value. Ten years 
 after they were granted or drawn, not one of llio .soldiois in ten hehl an acre of the.-c lands— 
 probably few of lliem held any at all. To give everybody who chooses a quarter section out- 
 right ol the National Domain, v ith liberty to dispose ol it and come again, is in eflect to 
 squander that great Inheritance more waslefuUy than hitherto," 
 
 let: 
 
 AN] 
 
 The r.ompilei 
 stiention to pan 
 so marked — urn 
 
 ler 
 
 nil 
 
 fNo. 1.1 
 To J. Ildvi 
 s:l ilie inembei 
 Willi Id make 
 I prcsiinif, how 
 iiif .sliigf left 
 iii.ng has been 
 5"ir, pniy lose I 
 l.'^ee that no 
 r.l hazarded 
 I ilioiiirlii when 
 i.'i" warfire 
 Tul mere ainbii 
 'iidiirercncp, at 
 iiivlricnd.s and 
 "F INTRHU 
 ii'iii in which I 
 iiilier eireumstii 
 omiin^' an aciiv 
 Charles wi 
 Mrs. Batler n 
 ■ and poor help w 
 I I have been 1 
 only to .say thai 
 [In anolher h 
 
 Politics 
 
 [No. 2.1 
 [To saine.j 
 Itirop, and alfof 
 
STATES. 
 
 ijges the evils of 
 
 of purchasers aud 
 auction, commands 
 n Uio public lands 
 the i-iubiie sales at 
 lomnwnd, and their 
 I- with them in the 
 sts and specuiutors 
 the settlei>, at liie 
 ines, or extort I'rom 
 It juiid tor them to 
 ioneer.^ oi the WeM, 
 rivi. lions and hurd- 
 ^T the hody of eini- 
 e, in a iiwiil degree, 
 ixMicncc lias pruvou 
 ■five nii'nol the iron- 
 ,dus iiiid her hoiini, 
 nn the t,'rasping spe- 
 umlile nuMKs wlui'li 
 
 iwidc'd. Congress is 
 hat the Public Lands 
 / _>:(( till III, vhdc Ihck- 
 'iVt-m.-iiitd aires cwh. 
 Stali'-i, \\ hose worldly 
 or thtV'-' hoes, a cow 
 have n.it aim cunii-ii 
 ■y eannoi make it by 
 nk they inii,dit, witii 
 dt and" tedious one." 
 aaibreleng and Polk, 
 
 ther Vi'/r or 'jrantins 
 
 le lands may Ix; laid 
 ■ed to take jiossession 
 l\\i to (raiisier his or 
 avor of this plan, he- 
 
 ield a rieh reltun dl' 
 a new ln.iul of union, 
 trades, for their |!er>e- 
 llial(-u)veriior\Vrit;lii 
 redress the wrongs ol 
 ous wuuld have iiail 
 id it neeessary to ob- 
 ilie mit'id. 
 orm : 
 
 the Lands yet Fubli': 
 nulless men of to-dav 
 ill be matle for fuliiiv 
 iu'res of Public Land 
 nopolv, woidd, if siic- 
 pen.^-eof infniite misr- 
 
 of till in are improvi- 
 se Land as a imt^ K'". 
 ; the speenlalor to ob- 
 id thus to moiiopoH/i' 
 lee in the easeol Mib- 
 fatigue, privation and 
 dr value. Ten years 
 1 acre of lhe^e hinds— 
 J a quarter section out- 
 
 aguiii, is in efl'ect to 
 
 THE 
 
 LETTERS AND CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 or 
 
 MARTIN VAN BUREN, 
 
 AND HtS FRIENDS, FAMILY AND PUPILS. 
 
 The compiler has made use of CAPIT/\.LS, s.mali, CAriTALS, and itnlim, to draw the. rflader's 
 atlention to pariiculnr words or pnsaages in this correspondeiioe, where the mnuiiscript wag not 
 w marked — and w here the originals were thus distinguished, he lias copied them hteruliy. 
 
 Butler to Iloyt. — Pfnder — Politics — Princijile, 
 
 [No. 1.1 Pandv Hir.r,, March 17th, 1819. 
 
 To J, IIovT, Albany — Dear friend : The staire lo-day was looked for with great an.\ieiy by 
 ail llie members of my hoastdKild. as we enterinined siron^' ho|vs that Pcnilrr, the bla(di dnnisi'l, 
 would make her appearanee on the "Hill" (as die eitizeiis denominate this great metropuji.'j.) 
 I prt'sanie, however, that ssiie is either not to he Imd, or at least had not arrived at Albany when 
 lilt' stage left. I wish you to call at Levis the Barber's, Lodge street, and inipiire wlii-tlier any 
 iiiing has been heard of her, or ut the letter that was written her. And if she should present lier- 
 S'it', pray lose no time in sendiui: her on as spi'edily as po.ssible. 
 
 I see that nothing of iinportanee was done by ilie Council — neitlicr .fudge nor Attorney Clene. 
 rii hazarded. 1 suppose y()a are over head and ears in tlie ocean of political controversy, and 
 I iliouKlit when I was with you last week that it would give me some pleasure to lend a hand in 
 III'' warfare ; but upon l)etler reileetion, I think myself as well otf where I am. Leaving to other 
 and more ambitious spirits the iruidanee of the storms of parly, I can look on, if not with perfect 
 inditVerence, at least with ealni .^Jecurity, For the prosperity of the old Republican Party, and of 
 iiivfriends and patron."— FO (I THE SUCCLSS OF PRINCIPLE AND THE OVER'i'HROW 
 OF INTRHUIE AN'U CORRUPTION, my wi.shes will be ardent and sincere, but the situa. 
 ihiii in which I am placed will prevent me from conveying them so fully into action, as, under 
 iiilier eireumstance.H, 1 should probably do. I have nothing to gain, and would lose much by be- 
 (naiing an active partizun. 
 
 Charles will leiive here on Friday or Saturday. 
 
 Mrs, Butler and her sister are in good henJih and spirits, ana as well pleased as gloomy weather 
 ami pour iielp will allow them to be. 
 
 I 1 have been here a fortnight, and liavo not yet received a line from you. Pray write me, if it is 
 only to say that you are in msr. Yours truly, BENJ. F. BUTLER. 
 
 [In umlher handwriting.] — Mr. Iloyt do try to get Pender ; I am tired to death of cooking. 
 
 Politics — Providence — the Pleaching of the Gospel at Sandi/ Hill — Salvation, 
 
 [No. 2.1 Sandy Hiu, March 27th, 1819. 
 
 [To same, J Dear Friend : I have written no less than six letters already to go by Mr. La- 
 Ihrop, and all of them pretty long ones ; you may therefore suppose that I have bestowed about 
 
 
 
,— firnr 
 
 U^l- 
 
 152 
 
 butler's call to the unconverted nOYT — SANDY HH.!.. 
 
 I'' 
 
 '*,.;- 
 
 
 \ ' 
 
 r. ' ■ ' 
 
 k '• 
 
 as much time on inj' correapondenta, as the ordinary business of the day will permit. Yet I can- 
 not sutler him to go without bearing my thanks for your constant attention to my concerns, and 
 your endeavors to promote my interest and happiness. Your several letters were perused with 
 muen pleasure, I shall expect them to be continued, but at the same time hope you will not im. 
 pose too great a ta,\ upon your time for the sake of keeping me advised of the various occurrences 
 of the age. You know what I mean precisely. Men of business have not ihe leisure to be very 
 constant coiT'Jspondents, nor can it be expected from them. You have really a fine state of po- 
 litiea! confusion at Albany. I think the situation of the Governor [Clinton] is daily becoming 
 more desperate 
 
 I think that I am not unmindiul of the advantages of the situation in which I am placed, nor 
 altogether destitute of gratitude for the blessings which Providence has conlerreJ on me. 1 ac- 
 kaowledge thra the Bounty is great and the return small — But such is man — unworthy of any 
 thing, and owing all that he possesses to the goodness of his Creator ; he despises while he enjoy.s, 
 and t'onjeis while he receives. He expects the sun to rise and his wants to be supplied, but liu 
 seldom asks lor either, much less frequently thanks HIM from whom proceeds " every good and 
 every perfect gift." And were it not that he causes the sun to shine on the " evil as well as on tho 
 good," gives to all " their meat in due season," and cares for those who earn not and think not ot 
 him, there would be nothing to cheer and sustain a great portion of the human race. 
 
 I am more and more pleased with my duties. They require industry and attention, but they 
 give me more leif^ure than I had while in Albany, and furnish me more easily with sufficient to 
 provide for my household. 
 
 T/ir only (Ufiniltii hrrr is THF, WANT OF the .«tated PRF, ACIIINO OF THF, (JOSPl- L. 
 Had we a faithful arc! rminctahlf ministrr, mid vrre the jienple more (Uixiniix for anil attentive In 
 religion, I should hare nolhins tonnk for, but the continuance of health, to make this jd nee delight- 
 ful. The contract between All)any aiul Sandy Hill in this particular is great. You do not at all 
 estimate as you oui^ht, the peculiar privileges yon enjoy. They arc remarkably trreat — they are 
 perhaps superior to those of any other place of its size — to the Christian — the Scholar — the Phi- 
 lanthropist, their value is inestimable. But there are deeper and more solemn con>iderations con- 
 nected with them. The fiospel U either a " savor of life unto lilc," or of "di'atli unto death." 
 And how can thosn " escape who neglect so great salvation V 
 
 Remember nie to Morton and Birehard. Tell them I should like to hear from ihrm. 
 What a bungling piece o( work Mr. Loomis has made of my speech. Ii has mortilied nie c.t. 
 cessively to see so many stupid l)luiidiTs issued to the world uulh my name prejixed. Pray tell 
 my friends that 1 lay no claims to the bantling in its present dress. 
 
 Yours truly, BF^iNJAMIN F. BUTLER. 
 
 (To J. Iloyt)— Banking-— Elections— Van Burcn—Bnral JJfc at Sandy Hill. 
 
 [No. 3.1 SAxnir Him,, May 4th.^ 1819. 
 
 Dear friend : I received voursofthe Istto-dav, and seize this moment of writing vou BGCAUSK 
 I CAN DO IT IN .MY PRIVATF. CAPACITY, and without reference to my of/icinl character. 
 
 For the last forinighl I have had various concerns to attend to, which have rendered it impossible 
 for me to say more in my epi.^tles than necessity required — such ns Cardeniiig and Banking- 
 working about the dooryanl and Paying Specie — Mending Fences, and SKJ.NING NOTKi^, 
 &e., &.r.. interspersed occasionally with Law and Politics. 
 
 In the meantime i have received several communications from you for whicli you are entitled to 
 my thanks, altho' some of them took me considerable time to decipher. Pray write more legibly fur 
 the future. Were it not that I have long known your " pothooks and trammells," I should he 
 obliged to send some of them to the Delphic Oracle for hia learned investigation. 
 
 The Election Returns are so far unfavorable to the hopes of Mr Clinton and his friends, and 
 / presume his destiny is fixed. The federalists here put no candidates of their own in nominii. 
 tion ; and will, he exception of some intelligent men in the western part of this county, sup- 
 ported the Cliiitonian ticket and carried the election. I voted for Senators, and olfered to vote 
 tor members of Assembly, but after a long discussion of my and various arguments 
 
 and opinions from lawyers and electioneerers, the board very gravely decided that I was not yet 
 naturalized — in which I tliink it probable they were right. 
 
 The Chancellor has really assumed ^i great deal in deciding against me. Please obtain acdpy 
 of the decretal order — not of his opinion, for I suppose that would take you a week to copy — and 
 Bend by some person at your convenience. 
 
 Upon what around did he admit ynu — ns of right, or ex gratia '! I am glad that he has done 
 it, and hope you may find it the harbinger of good fortune. 
 
 What think you of the New Insolvent Law? Do you intend to proceed under it? Or have 
 you not philosophy enough to live poor all your life, with a millstone on your neck ? 
 
 Did I understand you that A. H. V. B. was to remove to Albany ? If so, when does he 
 come, and how will it affect you ? He can do no business of consequence nt Hudson, neither ii 
 
 he qualified f 
 what is the st 
 cuils or not ? 
 the Registers 
 accustomed t 
 and domestic 
 however, hati 
 a-if about the 
 I want ver 
 dered the coi 
 
 Here are pi 
 pers — fine bic 
 
 Our place 
 luouiitains wl 
 month of ,Iun 
 
 There are ; 
 of the sunnne 
 for a week or 
 
 There is bi 
 the horrors loi 
 place. I real 
 the practice. 
 
 I believe I 
 agency or int( 
 had done. Y 
 
 [No 4.] 
 by Mr Skinna 
 
 
 had a demon 
 was mnnfull 
 receiving this 
 
 Washingtc 
 Baird, in cum 
 collect, add 
 and forwardec 
 ford, but is i 
 the deloy. 
 
 [No. 5.] 
 I have no tir 
 ceived the ke 
 him of this 
 
 [No, C] 
 various, rejjei 
 and will not. 
 judgment be 
 direction. 
 
 [No, 7.1 
 you by Mr. 
 — Do. check 
 the checks, ii 
 to put the wl 
 Inriiest, I lin(r 
 i-f nnl pay:ibl 
 Albnny on tlj 
 
HILL. 
 
 permit. Yet I can- 
 1) my concerns, and 
 I were perused with 
 ope you will not im. 
 ■ various occurrences 
 he leisure to be very 
 ly a fine state of po- 
 ] is daily becoming 
 
 ich I am i)laced, nor 
 lerreJ on me. I ac- 
 -unworthy of any 
 pises while he enjoys, 
 ) be supplied, but liu 
 ds " every good and 
 evil as well as on tho 
 not and think not ol 
 an race. 
 
 d attention, but they 
 ily with sufficient to 
 
 OF TIIK (JOSPI- [,. 
 ,v for null attentive tn 
 ike this'i'liire delighl- 
 t. You do not at all 
 tably trreat — they arc 
 he Scholar— the Phi- 
 in considerations con- 
 "ili'.'ith unti) death." 
 
 I'rom llirin. 
 has moriitit'd me ex. 
 \i: prrjij-ed. Pray tell 
 
 UN F. BUTLER. 
 
 Samly IJill. 
 
 T„ May .lih. 1810. 
 ritiiiK you F?EC AUSF. 
 9 my nfficiiil ehnractn. 
 rendered it impossible 
 'niiift !iii(l I^'inkinc— 
 SKi.NLNO NOTMS, 
 
 liieli you are entitled to 
 • write more legibly for 
 ammells," I should In; 
 ;ation. 
 
 n and his friends, and 
 their own in nomina. 
 t of this county, sup- 
 s, and olfered to vote 
 ind various arguments 
 Jed tiiat I was not yrt 
 
 Plense obtain ncdpy 
 I n week to copy — and 
 
 1 glad that he has done 
 
 ed under it 1 Or have 
 our neck ? 
 
 If so, when does lie 
 J at HudBon, neither i» 
 
 BUTLER ON BANKING AND RURAL LlfK. 
 
 163 
 
 he qualified for that of the Attorney General's department. How does tiie business get along, and 
 wh;it is the slate, generally, of your ejectment suits ? Are any of thein to be tried at these Cir- 
 euils or not ? 1 .sonietiiTies wished after niy removal, that I could take a peep for a moment in 
 the Registers, and engage again in the service of the Sovereign People — and so long had I been 
 accustomed to themanai^ement of the Attorney Gcncral[M. Van BuKn]'s nffaiii^ ]iublir, inimtc, 
 und domestic, that I olten thought liiat no one could attend to them but myself. Mij new avocations, 
 however, have now become fanii liar and pleasant, and Jean attend to them without troubling my- 
 Bcif about the bonds, mortgages, or ejectments of the State. 
 
 I want very much to see yo i up here. The warm weather has brought on vegetation, and ren- 
 dered liie country quite inviting. Here we have 
 
 " Fluwcrs ill the vulley, sjileiidor in the lieuin, 
 Heulth ill the gale, and freshness in the stream." 
 
 Here are pleasant walks and shady groves — rivers and cataracts — larks, robins, ami grasshop- 
 pers — fine blooming damsels and healthy yeomen. 
 
 Our place is delightfully romantic — you may stroll on the banks of the Hudson — view the 
 mountains where it takes its rise — and listen to the incessant roar of Baker's Fall's. In all the 
 month of June, I shall look for you, and hope my expectations will not be fruitless. 
 
 There are a dozen or more of my young friends whom I should be happy to see in the course 
 of tlis summer, and if anything on my part can induce them to desert the sultry streets of Albany 
 lor a week or two, I shall hope for the pleasure of their society at Sandy Hill. 
 
 There is but little Law Business doing here. If I was dependant on that I should have had 
 the horrors long ago. Perhaps, iiowcver, it may be as good here as at Albany, or at smy other 
 place. I read more than I did while with you, and shall continue in the professiim even if I neglect 
 the practice. [Here follow instructions about Mr. Van Bureii and his matters.] 
 
 1 believe I have never told you that Porter discharged Van Rensselare without my knowledge, 
 agency or inteifereiice, directly or indirectly, and I knew nothing of it nr.'il he told me what he 
 had done. You can't say this is not long enough. Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 To Jesse Hoyl, on Banking, Impede, Law, fijc. 
 
 [No 4.] Washington and Warren Bank, Sandy Hill, May 8th, 1819. Dear Sir: I send 
 by Mr Skinner a package and letter for Mr. Barker, which send as usual. I hear that he has 
 had n demonstration (as Paekenham and Co. would have said,) made upon him this week, which 
 was manfully repelled. My secretary being otherwise engaged, deprives you of the pleasure of 
 receiving this interesting epistle in her "own proper handwriting." 
 
 Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 Washington and Warren Bank, Sandy Hili, May 15th 1819. Dear Sir: I send by Mr. 
 Baird, in current and imcurrent notes, $1100 — J. & F. Baird's check,$1100 — which latter please 
 collect, add to the cash, and send all to Mr. Jacob Barker. I wrote yesterday per Mr. Baker, 
 and forwarded a package. Was it received ? The keg of specie was left by accident at Water- 
 ford, but is exj)ecied to-day. I am in no want of it, and shall suffer no inconvenience from 
 the delay. Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER." 
 
 [No. 5.] " I send you by Mr. Blin, $3500, in current notes, to be forwarded to Mr. Barker. 
 I have no time tn write him by this conveyance. Please drop a line mentioning that I have re- 
 ceived the keg of specie and placed the amount to the credit of the E. Bank, and also advising 
 him of this remittance." 
 
 [No, G.] May 29 — "I sued S. S. L * * * by bill, sometime since. He persuaded me by 
 various, repeated, and pressing solicitations, to give him time till Ist of May. He has not paid, 
 and will not. Please draw a cognovit for $63,50, the amount, obtain his signature, and let the 
 judgment be forthwith entered. I send narr. and note, and Charles will do the labor under your 
 direction. B. F. BUTLER." 
 
 To Jesse Hoyt, on Banking, and various kinds of Currency. 
 
 [No. 7.] Washington and Warren Bank, Sandy Hill, .Tune 2d, 1819— Dear Sir : I send 
 you by Mr. S. M. Hitchcock two sealed packages containing in the two, Current Notes $5150 
 •—Do. checks on Bank of Albany ,$42")— Uncurrent notes ,$1750.— $7325. Please collect 
 the checks, make up cash in a package, and send all to Mr. Barker. Perh:ip.=) it would be best 
 to put the whole Into one envelope without disturbing the packages that I have arranged. The 
 lariiist, I had on hand a week ago, but have not been able to send it till now. One of the checks 
 jx not payable until the 5th, but perhaps you can get the money in time for the Boat which lenvea 
 Albmy on that day. Yours very truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 t^ 
 
 z; 
 
154 T HAVE NO MONEY BUT WHAT IS TOO GOOD FOR THKM — JACOB BAUKEK. 
 
 BUT 
 
 
 
 J* 
 
 I 
 
 ■ i," 
 
 [No. 8.] Sandy Hirx, June 3ii, 1819. — Dear Sir: I send you $9G,25 to be applied as fol- 
 lows— N R bal. ofiny ate. $;J3.28— l]. &, E. E. do. ;$1U,U6. 
 
 [Ne.tt he names. " Stafford & Spencer, bal. of my ate. §40 — L. &, L. Vankleeck & Co. 
 $40" — whicli two last sums he erases, and remarks — " Tlx'-se I believe I sjhall not send till next 
 week, as I hanc no money but. what is TOO GOOD FOR THEM."] Draw accounts in full /or 
 ever and ever from the bcgiiming of the world to this day, and I will pay no more debta of its 
 contraciin<^, 9,!)1. The Attorney General for costa received 3d May (capias not served) §43. 
 Plear.a take receipts from all the above creditors ot mine. B. F. B. 
 
 To J. TInuf, on Law, Charles Butler, Col. rUclier, Barker, tlic Niagara Bank, and Van Burcn. 
 
 [No 9.] Sandy Hii.l. .Tune 5th, 1819. 
 
 Dear Sir : I have yours of the 31st iilt., Ist inst., and also one by Mr. Gilford. I shall en- 
 deavor as soon as possible to send you some papers in these Chancery causes. 1 do regret ihi.t 
 I did not know that .Mr. V. U. was about atlendinf^ the June term ot the Court of Chancery, i 
 mighi have had all my business in train for it. 1 wish you to tell .ludge BeeUman that the logs 
 are nearly all sawed, and will be probably carried olf by Ilitcheock ne.\t week. If he wishi^s 
 any thing done now it naist be directed by the Tuesday mail, or there will be no hold on the 
 property. Is it your opinion that the writ de proprietatc probaiula cannot issue until the alian 
 plaint, or that it may issue upon the lirst writ in replevin, or the first plaint ' I suppose, a.s 1 
 wrote you before, hy my Dunks, that it issues torlhwith on the plaint before the plaint is returna- 
 ble, but not until the alias writ of Replevin I Please look at Fiizherbert's Nat. Brev., Dalinn's 
 Sheritr, &.e., I am sure your library will tell. I shall send a witness and only one, for I can t'liid 
 
 no more, in the cause, viz: .lohn Sheldon, next week, if they can examine him in i\Ir, 
 
 Van Buren's absence. * * * * 
 
 I have not been in court but little, either Common Pleas, or Circuit — having had a great deal 
 to do in the Bank, and in my Law Busines.s. I want a clerk very much, ami as soon as Charles'.s 
 company will be convenient shall send lor him. 11 ho gets over bisfnolish, hair brained 
 piojec's, I shall keep him with me, for I think he ought to bo under the eye of some person who 
 can manage him. 
 
 He has some talents, but is rather overcharged with false jiride, siiucamisli sensibility and ill 
 guided ambition. I have been obliged to tell him very plaiiilv what I thought of his style ni' 
 writing and modes of thought — the fiisi, iike the latter, is irolliy and bombtistio — indeej, 
 precisely like a boy oi 18 ot some genius, but that iinlutored and misdirected. I hope you got my 
 package by lliteheock. I have now ,330(11) in current notes, rteeived since Wednesday, wh' 'ii 
 I would send by Colonel Pitcher, who conreys this, l)iit he starts from here <ui foot, and goes on 
 a nfl from Fort M lltv. and though an honest man might be robbrd or Knocked overboard. I 
 shall keep it till ne.\t week Seixl the enclosed letter to .lacob Barker by first mail — to niy 
 father put in the P. (.),, Monday evening. I forgot it to-day. That to Goodenow send by a 
 privale hand. 
 
 / am unaUc to say anything noio ABOUT THE NIAGARA BANK— on/;/ that if Mr. B., 
 [meaning .lacob Barker], could be fiire of lift, he coiiltl make if u prujitnhle concern — but has, 
 in my opinion, irons enough in tiie tire, already, lor one tnan. Bin then he's A HOST himself. 
 // he sel.s lie .iloek, ynii must stand ready to interiiose a cbiim f,r the management of the tn.fi. 
 ness — that is — if you would be willing to accept such a pliice. He would reepiire some one 
 that he could lepost! coiilidence in to fake charge of il. Though I have no idea that he will get 
 it. " Doiille, double — toil and troulde,"' appears to be the order of the day in the commercial 
 and fiiiancKii world — where it will land us 1 am unable to say. * * ♦ ■ 
 
 You say inv Chaneerv business is attended to. Hnw^ Can you tell nii- wheiher Mr, 
 
 or Mr. has seen the Atio.'iiey (ieneral about the Factory eausf. and what was the Attor- 
 ney GeneraTs opinion as to their issuing e.xecutimi ? F am so tinich [lerple.xed wiih tin.viety and 
 apprehension about my unfinished business, that I would gladly resign the whole. 'I'he Attorney 
 (leriiral [Mr. M. V'aiihureii] IS never at home — :nid uiitii he is, I am so Uw t'rom him, that I 
 cannot have that dnect and constant communication which the interests of uiir r/;cH/,« demand. 
 One thing I most earmsily desire of you. jiiul that is to forwunl lof all noiices, papers, &,c., 
 that may lie serred on Mr. V B. [Van Burenj as my asent. He would tiever think of it him- 
 self, and my clients might be kicked out ot court before I knew it. i shall make no more com- 
 plaints about your bad wriiiny, tluiugh your serawis are mo^i iiilumous, utter the catiers I have 
 cut in this epistle. Yours truly. B. F. BIJTLER. 
 
 To Jesse Hoyt, on a Banker's Ways and Means. 
 
 [No. 10] Washington anp Warri n Bank, Sandy Hill, .Tunc 9th, 1819. 
 
 Dear Sir : I am almost wholly destitute of Washington and Warren notes, and shall un- 
 doubtedly have occasion for some before I can be furnished with a supply from New York by 
 
 Mr. Barker, 
 the packages t 
 purpose of foi 
 ih'jusa id five 
 elianging unii 
 should receive 
 will not interft 
 
 P. S. Ill 
 
 yi)U, to be left 
 i)nny but a fe\ 
 he does I slial 
 hy. Upon re 
 .Martlini:, end 
 your order, 
 iroin me, whe 
 If the checl 
 ling I do not 
 a' Hadley, Sf 
 to guard agai 
 
 To 
 
 [No. 11. 
 Dear Sir; 
 ARA BANK 
 
 ded he shouh 
 " 1 am hap 
 you have thoi 
 of my acqnni 
 INTECiRir 
 and esteem, 
 tauce with bii 
 who siirpas.sc! 
 the place, but 
 I hi' bifiiness r, 
 1 have knowi 
 vunalion of 
 ile.spairor dis 
 Id'-lhwith to e 
 riiald do bett 
 thought this 1 
 term of ,-ttadi 
 ail eniph>yine 
 to the practii 
 fur fi.lelity ai 
 roiisider him 
 Viiu an aecur 
 siiy ihat I fee 
 lliiin to see h 
 il may he lie 
 that 1 am hi^ 
 they esteem, 
 conliritiation 
 («i) This 
 atory to u de 
 by mail. 
 
 [No. 12.] 
 ings ill curre 
 notes. 
 
:on BARKEn. 
 
 to be applied as lol. 
 
 L. Vankleeck & Co. 
 'hull not send till next 
 vv accoiinis in full /or 
 no more debts of its 
 jias not served) 84'! 
 B. F. B. " 
 
 i/hA-, and Van Bvrcn. 
 
 M„ June Sih, 1819. 
 
 (Jitiord. 1 shall fn- 
 
 ^es. I do regret tlii.i 
 
 lotiit ol' Llianccry. I 
 
 eekinan that ilie logs 
 
 week. If he wiglies 
 
 1 be no hold on ihe 
 
 issue until the alias 
 
 lit ' I suppose, as I 
 
 the plaint is returna- 
 
 ■( Nat. Brev., Daltiin's 
 
 ily one, for I can find 
 
 examine iiiui in Air. 
 
 ving had a great deal 
 il as soon asCharles'.s 
 hair brained 
 : of «ome person who 
 
 lisli sensibility and ill 
 loufrht of his style nf 
 1 bombastic — indeed, 
 I. ] hope you got my 
 ee Wednesday, wh* ii 
 ' oil toot, and froes (jn 
 iiockeil overboard. I 
 by first mail — to my 
 Goodenow send by a 
 
 —onbi that if Mr. B., 
 Ir cnnrern — but has, 
 es A HOST himself. 
 uagcinent of the tiini. 
 Id reipiire some out' 
 I lilea that he will gc t 
 ay in the commercial 
 
 ■ whether Mr. 
 
 I what was the Atior- 
 .\ed with an.xiciy ami 
 hole. 'I'lie Attorney 
 tar liom him, that 1 
 I (/")' rlicnts demand, 
 noiii'o, papers, itc, 
 I'ver think of it liini- 
 
 make no more corn- 
 er the capers I have 
 
 B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 -L, June 9th, 1PI9. 
 notes, and shall un- 
 from JMew York by 
 
 BUTLETt, fiAKKE.^, IIOVT AM) VAX BL'REN S OI,D BUFFALO BANK. 
 
 155 
 
 ]VIr, Barker. If you have authority from him to obtain from the Mechanics and Farmers' Bank 
 the packa(.'eH from those Banks which draw on Mr. Barker, which I presume is the case, for the 
 purpose of forwardint; to .'^'"w York, you will plea.se send me by first safe conveyance One 
 ih-iusa id five hundred dollars ii. the common notes of this Bank, which will an.swer me for ex- 
 clianging until J can hear from iMr. B., of all which you will advise him. If, however, you 
 should receive from New York a supply of our notes, in sheets, or otherwise, for this Bank, you 
 will not interfere with liie packages at the M. &. F. Bank. 
 
 Yours truly, R. F. BUTLER. 
 
 P. S. If I send any papers by Mrs. Coffin and her son, I shall direct them, if they do not see 
 yim, to be left at Wi^vvall's store. Tliey will stop ai Troy for the nisjht and may not be at Al. 
 iinny but a few minutes. I iiear that a Mr. Clark from this villai^e starts for Albany to-day ; if 
 he dors I shall send by liim, and he would be a good person to send me the W. and W. notes 
 hy. Upon reflection, I enclose a check on the M. «& F. Bank, for $!4o0, drawn by Abraham 
 .Martlinir, endorsed by Uriah Marvin and Jeremy Rockwell, and also made payable by me to 
 your order. Plea.^e present and collect it, and keep the amount until you receive a package 
 i'roin me, when you will forward it to Mr. Barker. 
 
 If the check is not paid, please give notice thereof by mail instanler to all the parties. Mart- 
 liiig I do not know — neither can I learn his residence, Marvin you know — Rockwell lives 
 at Hadley, Saratof,'a County. I intended to have sent the check to-day by a private hand, but 
 to guard against accident, think it safest to forward by mail, being the first post after its receipt. 
 
 B. F. B. 
 
 To Jesse Hoyt, at Alhcny, on his fitness to he Cashier of the Buffalo Bank. 
 
 [No. 11.] [per Mr. Thurmaii, from Sandy IIu.l,] June 11, 1819. 
 
 Dear Sir: 1 have received a letter from Mr. Barker, mi'utioning the subject of the NI.\G- 
 AR.\ BANK, and requesting viy opinion of a certain friend of mine, for CASHIER, provi- 
 ded he should conclude to purchase the stock — to which I have replied as follows : — 
 
 '• I am happv to hear, by your letter, that in the event of your cnijas^ini; in the Niacarn Bank, 
 you have th )Ui;ht of MY FRIKNl) IIOYT, for Cashier. / knoio of no person within the circle 
 of mil acquaintance whom I could recommend with equal confidence for that situation. HIS 
 INTl^GlirrY,/lv\lj AND INDUSTRY, would, I am confident, insure him your approbatioi: 
 and esteem. Tlieie can be no doubt of his being amply qualified for the task. His acquain. 
 tauce with business is tieneral, and extensive, and for perseverance and activity I know of no one 
 who surpasses biiii. His experience in Mercantile business, would alone have ipialified him for 
 llie place, but in additition to that he has the advantage of some considerable acquaintance with 
 till' liutincss of hankiusr, from ids employment last year in the Mechanics and Farmers' Bank. 
 I have known him lor several years ; intimately, for about diree. After the anfurlnnate ter- 
 iiiiniiluin of his Mercantile concerns, instead of spending his time in idlenesr;, or gining way to 
 ilcspairor dissipation, which is commonly the case in SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES, he resolved 
 to'-thwith to enter into employment of some kind or other ; aiid, as nothing ollered by which he 
 rmild do bett'-r. be coininenced the study of the law. All his friends, (and I tun in irst the rest,) 
 tiioiiglit this n Very forlnrn hope, for siii'h had been his previ lus active; life, and so long was his 
 term of stadii, that 1 considered it tibsilutely impossible for him to confine hiiiiseli' to so irksome 
 an einpl'iyineiit as a clerkship in a law oHiee, without any prospect of,, snjedy admission either 
 to the practice or the profits of the profeS'^ion. He was for nearly three years in mv ofTiee, and 
 fur fi.lelily .'ind ntleutioii, ])eisevcraiice and application, the rem best clerk I ercr mi't with. I 
 consider him perfectly competent to examine {n) into the affairs of the Bank of Buffalo, and give 
 you an acciir^if and iudicioiis .account of every thintr that relates to it. It is needh-ss for me to 
 say that 1 I'eel a deep interest in his prosperity, and that nothing would gi\e ine <rreaier pleasure 
 tliati to see him |.liced in such a situation as would give him a coinpeient support ; but peril ips 
 ii may be iieeessary to satisfy yon that my opinion of his merits i" not overrated, I acknowledge 
 that I am his friend, and I know that friends, like lovers, are a little blind to the faults of those 
 they esteem, but I belii've I may safely reltr you to any person acquainted with Mr. Hoyi, for a 
 contirination of what 1 have said." 
 
 (rt) This is in reply to a suggestion about sending you up to investigate the business, prepar- 
 atory to a decision on the subject. 1 have sent my brief in cause to New York last week 
 
 by muil. Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 [No. 12.] June 11. T send you by J. L. Thurman, Esq., a package for Mr. Barker, contnln- 
 ings ill current notes, .$2,200. I have received yours by .Mr. Clark, with ,f 1,300 iii W. and W. 
 notes. 
 
 f.i 
 
156 
 
 THE IMMORAL TENDENCIES OF MONF.V CHANGlNii. 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 ) 
 
 lil:' 
 
 
 
 , f-. . 
 
 
 -. « 
 
 .^: '■ 
 
 ^j>-' 
 
 To //ol/^ on Zaic, Strawberries, Sturlrninl, and Mvk, OIcdII. 
 [No. 13.] Pandy lliir., June 15ili, 1819. 
 
 Dear Friend : I nin very much indebted to you for your elaborate and very learned opinion 
 Upon the qui'stion in replevin. From the arqnnintance with the subject whieh you display, 1 
 doubt not that Sir Thomas lVloore'.s famous question would have received n prompt ansvver from 
 you, nitlio' it pu/zled a very erudite professor in one of the Kuropean Collcf^cs. When are yuii 
 coming up to Sandy Ilill ? The country is very pleasant, and will continue so for some time; 
 but in about a lortnii;lit we shall have strawberries, &,<;., in alumdiince ; and during that season 
 ("hould like to see our friends. If Charles is at Albany he can come up with the bearer, Mr. 
 ^^lurtevanI. Yours truly, B. V. lU'TIiKR. 
 
 F'. H. If you have any money to send me, I would not advi.se you to send it by Mr. S. 
 
 {Before Mr. Butler's postscript I find a postscript by Mrs. Bulhu-, wherein, among other thiiij,'s, 
 she says — " 1 repeat the (juestion ' When are you coming up •" We want to see you very much, 
 and hope for the pleasure, before many weeks expire. If you ever have the hoiuir and i)lea.«ui- 
 of seeing Mrs. Olcott, I wish you would present my love to her, and tell her I often tluticr my. 
 self with the hope that she will come up to Sandy Hill, and see how country I'olks live. \W 
 have a plenty of pork, and soon shall have new potatoes and green corn. JI. B. " Mrs. B'a 
 anxiety to have the Albany Banker's wife li" at Sandy Hill is explained by the subseciuent run 
 by Olcott on Butler, and their c ry corr^ idence. — W. L. iVl.J 
 
 
 To Jltiyt, shi . .' •( of meeting n run for >Spccir. 
 
 [No. U.] Was u ui. i Wurreu Bank, S.WDv Ifii-L, ,lune 21, 1819. 
 
 Dear Sir: My h tter of yc'^ferday i.i»ormed .. ■. 'hat T Wiis tiiga:;ed in a running tight with u 
 squadron from Commodore Wiswall's tiect. I scml 'ou by -Mr. B. Wing, $i)()0 in Troy, L.vn- 
 singburg, and Albany bills, which I wish yoi- if possible to convert into specie. 1 do not know thai 
 1 shall need it, but it will be sufficient with what I have, to teazc the enemy li'r the whole vveok, 
 if he should maintain his ground for so long a time. Mr. Wing will wait for the .•specie. 
 
 I should suppose that so small a sum could easily be procured, especially if you divide the 
 amount, say ^500 for Mechanics and Farmers' Bank and !$2()() for the others. 1 do not wish it 
 lifped that I am in want of it to meet a demand on the Bank. / wis/i yon 1o sini to the Laid- 
 that you want SMALL CHANG RJ ; and for that you will give them current bills. If you can 
 obtain $600 it svill answer the purpose, and if small money is not to be had anything else will 
 answer. 
 
 // you are unable to obtain the amount of $600 in Albany, you will please select the notes of tlip 
 two Banks of Troy, and direct Mr. Wing to call at those Banks with their respective notes, ami 
 request them to furnish him with small money for change, and if they rehuse, to demand specie. 
 (Give him written directions.) The other money in the package you nniy keep to be sent to i\Ir. 
 I3arker when I remit. 
 
 I shall write you by the Wednesday mail, and shall also enclose a letter for Mr. Barker, which 
 it would be desirable to have sent by Thursday's boat. You will probably ensure ii.s going thcrp 
 if you call at the P. O. early on Thursday morning anil rrquent them to open the Northern Miiii. 
 I believe that generally they leave it until after the boat has left, which is verv injurious to me. 
 
 Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 [No. 15.] SANnv IIii.i„ June 21st, 181!). 
 
 Dear Sir : By the enclosed (which please read, and after that wafer and send by Wednesday", 
 boat,) 7/«« «)/// /cHjH the situation of affairs here. If Commodore W. reported anything disad- 
 vantageous, please correct it. I did not olFer, as before to Allen, lo pan him one hill at a time; 
 but on Saturday, offered him a large amount of sijecie, which he declined waiting for me to count. 
 If you think that you can get the specie for my notes, which will lie cliiclly Troy, &.C., please sn 
 iiilorm Mr. Barker. Mr. Bacon is the person who brought tl;e ,^70(). 
 
 Yoms truly, D. F. BUTLER. 
 
 On seeming to pay at a Bank — Gilchrist outwitted, 
 [No. IG.] Washington and Warren Bank, Sandy Hill, Wednesday morning, June 2.3, IHlfl. 
 
 [To Jacob Barker, Esc]., New York.] Dear Sir, » » * * » I have redeemed in the whole $781), 
 during the two days past — all in large bills. I have now on hand, about $300 in small chaii!.'i', 
 $000 in dollars and five francs, and ,$200 in gold. With this force I can with certainty sustain 
 myself until .Saturday morning, and by that time I have no doidit I shall have a further supply oi 
 specie from Mr. Hoyt. * » * » * 
 
 I enclose you a copy of Mr. Olcolt's letter. This is a new proof of the svavering policy o'"tbnt 
 Bank, and of the little reliance to be placed on Mr Olcott's proft f-sions or engagement.'--, for lie 
 olfered of his own accord to me last spring, thai I might ut any time draw on you at n feic days 
 
BUTLER KEUUKES THE AVAIUCIOUS BILL-IIOLUEUS — < UK I'AY IN SPECIE. 
 
 157 
 
 aitl. 
 
 June 15tli, 1819. 
 
 very lenrned opinion 
 ■liich you displny, 1 
 prompt ans'-vor tVoni 
 ;;c's. Wlifii are yuii 
 e so lor some time ; 
 1 during that season 
 iiii the bearer, Mr. 
 
 D. V. biiti.i:r. 
 
 J it by Mr. S. 
 
 uiiionj^ otlicr tliiiij,'s, 
 J see you vi;ry much, 
 
 honor and pleasurt' 
 
 r 1 oi'teii duller my. 
 
 itiy lolks live. We 
 
 II. 13.' Mrs. Bs 
 
 the subaecjuent run 
 
 ,L, .lune 21, 181!). 
 
 niniiiii'; tight with a 
 
 ,$900 in Troy, L.'.ii- 
 
 '. 1 i!o not knw tiiiit 
 
 ti>r the whole week, 
 
 r the specie. 
 
 illy il' you divide tl;p 
 
 eif. I do not wish it 
 
 It til sail to the Lank 
 
 nt bill;). If you ean 
 
 lad nnything else will 
 
 select the notes of tlic 
 ■ respective notes, and 
 ise, to demand specie, 
 leep to be sent to .Mr, 
 
 or ]\Ir. Darker, whicii 
 ■nsiire its troin;,' there 
 n the Nort/irni Mtiil. 
 erv injurious to nie. 
 H. F. BUTLER. 
 
 , June :21st, 181!). 
 send by Wcdnesdiiy'- 
 )rted anyihiiig di.-iail- 
 m our hill at a time; 
 litinji for nie to coiuii. 
 y Troy, &.c., plca.si; ^o 
 
 D. r. BUTLEH. 
 
 )rninR, Juno 2.?, IHlft. 
 ed in the whole ,$780 
 300 in pniall chaiiL'i', 
 with certainty sustain 
 ve a further supply oi 
 
 •averinfj; policy o''thnt 
 r enfiapenients, for he 
 on you nt a fnc days 
 
 
 *igf^t, if I chose 80 to 0'). * « » * # I have this morning had two small sums of our notes 
 presented, the one for ^15 — the oilier for $91 — both from Albany ; and both enclosed to Mr. 
 Baird, with a reijuest that lis would present ihem immediately, and that the credit of the Bank 
 was completely down, which was the caiue of their sendiiii; thinn up. I shall pay these, because 
 the money will go down by the mail to-day and may quiet the apprehension of some persona who 
 would otherwise send up; but I shall request Mr, B. to decline any further commission of the 
 kind ; and if any more such appear, I SHALL PUT THEM ON THE SAME GROUND WITH 
 THE OTHERS. 
 
 As the calls this week havt- assumed tlie character of a run on the Bank, you will undoubt. 
 ediy see the necessity of giving me a supply of s])ccie as soon as possible. 
 
 Yours truly, H. F. BUTLER. 
 
 P. S. — Since writing the above, Wiswall has shown niu his money ; he has now $-1800. Gil- 
 ciirist has demanded his bills. / told him I was ready to pay in specie, but commenced paying 
 Wiswull, he presenting his bills first. Gilchrist lias re.solved not to wait and returns in the stage. 
 
 Olcolt on pretended Banks and Bankers. 
 [No. 17.] [Mr. Olcott to President Butler.] — " Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank, Albany, June 
 21, 1819. — Dear Sir : We send by the bearer, Mr. fJilchrist, Fifty three hundred dollars of the 
 Bills of your Bank, for redemption. You are probably aware of the determination of the Banks 
 in this cily to take no drafts from country banks on the city of New York ; and least you may 
 think the nu asure unfriendly or oppressive, I would mention that our object is to prevent country 
 Banks from placing funds in N. Y., to speculate on their own depreciated paper. That they do 
 operate in this way we have <;()od reason to suBpect ; otherwise why do they place funds nt so 
 great a distance from the only spot where they PRETEND TO REDEE.M, or give specie 
 value to their bills. I should be glad to make an exception of your Bank, did not our circum- 
 stances require a prompt and speedy return, and I trust I am not mistaken in the belief that you 
 will give our agent every facility and accommodation. With great regard, &,c.'' 
 
 To .lease Iloyt, in which Mr, Butler deviates a little from the truth. 
 [No. 18.) [per Mr. Hitchcock.] Sa.ndy Hill, June 22, 1819. Tuesday evening. 
 
 Dear Sir : I have finished my second day's work with VV'i.swall. Have also sent you to-dny 
 $900 in current notes to bo converted into specie, by Mr. Benj. Wine. I recjuestcd you to pro- 
 cure it peaceably from the Banks there, but I now wish that you would convert it into Mechan- 
 ics and Farmers' Bank notes, and demand the specie from them if they are imwillin;; to advance 
 it promptly. Mr. Uluott has to-day sent up between $5000 and $6000 by Mr. Gilchrist. H u- 
 rived here in the stage a little before two. Mr. Olcott writes me a very friendly letter, at, .ig 
 that they will not take drafts on New York, and that tln-y mean to make the country Banks 
 keep their funds at home. His messenger also refusjs to take our notes payable in New York 
 or those of the E.\chaiige Bank. Bv the by, I must be hard pressed before I part with the latter 
 for any one, fri.nd or foe. I have twld Mr. Gilchrist that I ws Rt]ADY TO PAY SPECIE, 
 and would pay specie nt ALF, TIMES DURING BANKINti HOURS ; and that fwonldpay 
 imlhinq else. Whether he will remain or not I do not know. If he does, he 7nust wait till I 
 am through with Wiswall. I send $9")0, in current bills by Mr. Hitchcock, to be added to thn 
 ,$900, and managed in the same manner. I did not mean to call on Mr. Olcott for specie, hut 
 since his message to-day I intend to pay him specie and to make him furnish it besides. Yon 
 need not tell him sn, howewr. I vin.it have SO.ME specie by Mr. Wing, nnd shall rely on you 
 for it, five or six hundred dollars carries ine safely* through the week. 
 
 Yours truly. B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 You may send a copy of the foregoing by Thursday's boat. 
 
 Let the papers in Mr. Hitchcock's care be sent up. 
 
 "'f 
 
 Jesse Ifoyt instructed to proclaim thai the Bank could and irould pay. 
 [No. 19.] W.vsinxiiTON & Warre.x Bann, Sa.vuv Hilt,, June 23, 1819. Wed. 9, A. M. 
 Dear Sir : Road the enclosed letter to Mr. Barker, seal and send il as soon as possible, and if 
 the specie for the J<)<li.')() is n<it already on the wav, hasten il as speedily as possible. TELIj 
 ALL PERSONS THAT THE BANK HAS NOT STOPPED, AND WILL NOT STOP 
 PAYMENT, AND THAT WE PAY IN SPECIE. I iircsume the rumour of the failure of 
 our Bank in Ali)any must have arisen from the reports of Wiswall. J.rl no one know the 
 
 * His loltor wn-i wrilton on Tne^einy eveniiip— four diiys of the week were yet to come— Ituller was reiidy to onv 
 Gilchrist sviecic. and ' niilliiiip else '— tlio" he imd trnrcelv niiv to |inv. niul was di'|>endin3 (,n (i lew huialrcd dollars 
 orsmnll rhninje tneiirry him snfely through tlie week, (it" course, his stateinenl to (;ilclirlst and others thnt he wa» 
 nl)le to iiav anil woiiM ilo so, wns nntrue. Mr (iih'hrist in now in i\ew York. a. r.,orcliiiiit, I hclieve. He tell', 
 thai so far' w;is Mr. Untler from pnvinp that he threatened to put him out of his ollire. Of ciuirse, lie ]e\\ Sandy 
 Hill. WhethRf the Wi.swnll protracted jinyment wns another pious, le-jnl and linani:iiil trick, is ii uncstion eiisler 
 aiked than answered. 
 
^:.-^;:--C?;: 
 
 .) •■. 
 
 «■";'• >' 
 
 1'*^ BUTLRr's COUHAGE, CrNNINCS AND CUHRENCY— PLENTV OF CHAMPAIGN- 
 
 amount of my call*, nor of my fundi. If any apecie coincs from Mr. Barker, forwnrd it by ex. 
 prrtt. Yours truly, B. F. Bi: I'LER. 
 
 To IT"yt, tfuwing the PrenilenVt nice sense of honor, 
 [No. QO ] S.\.\DY Hill, .luiie 24, 1819. Thursday morniiiK, 10 minutes before 10. 
 
 Df.ir H>iyi : The iiUelliKence by Mr. Wiiit; is une.xpected and unpieiisnnt. I am soriy you 
 did nut send the spfcie. hi the abaince of all instructions from Mr. Barker foi a fonniglit, I 
 coui'ider it my duty to continue paying. If 1 stop 1 may as well stop next week na this. 1 can 
 hold out through lhi^< week. My courage is undaunted, spirits not [at] all depressed, und if 1 diu 
 " I dji' with harne.'^s on my back," fighting as long as possible. 
 
 (Favoured b/ Mr. Boyd.) Yours truly. B. F BUTLER. 
 
 P. rf. Thvu^ nrc thousands of men and of paper here. Mr. Boyd hod agreed to take my 
 
 draft on .Incoh Barker, at 10 dui/s' sight. VVhile he was gone to Baird's for the money, Winn 
 
 arrived eipreis. I could have given it afterwards, but CONCLi VING IT DISHONORABLE/ 
 
 TOLD HI.M IN CONFIDENCE WHAT 1 HAD HEARD, and refusrd to give him the draft. 
 
 
 To Hoyt, saying he would stop i/ his master so ordered. 
 [No. 21.] Sandy Hill, June 25, 1819, 10 o'clock A. M, 
 
 Dear Hoyt : I have not yet stopped payment, and shall not (unless Mr. Barker directs me to do 
 so,) until J am ubligtd lu gice vp the ship. Yours truly, B, F. BUTLER. 
 
 [No. 22.] Washington and Warren Bank, .Sandy Hii.l, June 26, 1819. 
 
 Dear Sir • I endow you a letter for Mr. Barker, which please read, and then copy. Send one 
 ropy to New York for !VIr. Barker, and keep the other on hand for him, as he may be ut Albany be- 
 fore the one sent to New York can reach him. You will perceive from the within what my situn. 
 tion is. Would it not be folly for me to stop? Yours truly, B.F.BUTLER. 
 
 P. S. Keep the situation of my funds secret. 
 
 The Banker borrotring — the Bank tDill pay. President Butler to Mr. John Baird, Albany. 
 
 [Favored by Mr. Hoyt.j 
 [No. 23.] Washington and Warren Bank, Sandy Hill, June 2fi, 1819. 
 
 Dear Sir: Availing myself of your ifriendly offer to loan nie for the use of this Bunk, four 
 Thousand Dollars, I send you by Jesse Hoyt, my private note for that sum. which he is authorized 
 to till up with such terns ot payment as may be agreeable to you, and also 'wenty.six promissory 
 notes amounting to more than Ten Thousand Dollars, which I am able to assure you are as good 
 paper us this state can afford, to be placed in your hands as collateral security for the prompt pay. 
 nient of the loan. It is desirable to conclude this arrangement without delay, which is the cause 
 of mv addressing you ut Albany. You may rely upon it that the Dank can and teill continue 
 its REDEMPTIONS. I am, dear sir, your friend and obedient servant. B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 To Iloyt on a legal tender for the Albany Dutch. 
 [No. 24.] [Favored by Caleb Baker, Esq ] .Sandy Hill, June 29tb, 1819. 
 
 Dear Hoyt : — The enclosed will show you how the " world wags." One of those persons tli.nt 
 I told to wait until their turns came, was THE YOUNG PATROON, who had 4 or $500 token 
 for rents due liis father. 
 
 If you know him — as I believe you do — I wish you wotild FALL IN WITH HIM, and ask 
 his opinion — / know it will be favorable although I did not pay him, because he sat within viy 
 roHuter and read the papers, AND DRANK WINE WITH ME FOR TWO OR THREE 
 HOURS BEFORE THE BANK CLOSED, and saw every inan who had come from a dis. 
 tance, or was poor and needy, paid in specie without a moment's delay. 
 
 Now if his opinion is friendly, I dare say it will passcurrent, AND BE A LEGAL TEN- 
 DER in your DUTCH metropolis, and it would answer for CIRCULATION, &,c. Let me 
 hear how everything goes — and what is said and done at Albany. 
 
 Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 Seal and send the enclosed after reading it. If the loan with Baird was concluded, and you 
 
 * Mr. Biillcr wns tlic Prosiilent of a Bnnk chnrtered liy the I,ci;i!<lntiire. a Inwyer. flie student unci pnrtner of At- 
 tornny General Vnn Huron, unci trnnJarted the iHinineiii niid knew or |iret«ridcd to know the condition of the insti- 
 Intion, whnee nntei he si<rncd luid promined to [,uy. If it wns diahonornble to (Wnieive his friend Royd on Thnrsdiiy, 
 a< nhove, wui il Iinnnrnhje or honrit to nunre linird on Sntnrday " thiit the liiiiik ran and will continue it.4 re 
 demptioni." \Va< it lioneM to dweive the YoiinK Pntroon on Tiiesdny, or to get Mr. Ilovt to pliice in the Albnny 
 Onily Advertiser the titinc of nrtfiil iintrntlii dated nt Snndy Hill on that day. and which Sir. Butler applauds (loyt 
 for publiihinir, as being " well timed V I cannot conceive the idea of more direct, clear, systemiitic and well un- 
 deritood fraud than ii exhibited unblushingly by Messrs Uutler and lloyt's transactions recorded on these page*. 
 
 Btl 
 
 expect the s- 
 there will n 
 TONS OF 
 
 Mr. Hoy 
 timed," say 
 
 [Washing 
 
 ners : The I 
 
 its publicatic 
 
 [No. 2 
 
 The run 
 sided. The 
 that the I^i 
 arc delightc 
 were more c 
 in paying, 
 came with 
 and retire to 
 silver and w 
 of sold: '\ 
 dcnunciatioi 
 goods you CI 
 lesH, as you 
 the pre fere 11: 
 the ' body pi 
 
 [No. 25, 1. 
 Bank ban ni 
 the brokers 
 I .shall comr 
 June. 
 
 [No. 26.] 
 not go. 1 8 
 
 [No. a 
 
 To f.'sse 
 I sen I yo 
 ventured it 
 to run the 
 the bearer. 
 
 ♦ President 
 issued nftcr ,V 
 
 The fnllMW 
 AX Ol'KIOI 
 
 ' fbr thf. T 
 iniftiin mill VV 
 to n tow pron 
 pecteil siispen 
 tiispirioM!, 
 pro|ihecics m 
 wns. the rapii 
 ei|'iivalent llii 
 fir.1t gliock, a 
 VVmhiiinion i 
 compelled to 
 pleisiint iiail 
 brokers and i 
 oank. It hai 
 matt farlhin 
 dejits arc per 
 one be n los<3 
 
 It is true tl 
 under fluLrisI 
 
AMPAIGN. 
 
 ■, forwnrJ it by ex. 
 F. BI.'TLER. 
 
 inul»!> before 10. 
 
 I mil bony you 
 !rfi>i a roiinight, 1 
 >Hk ns this. 1 can 
 re88<>d, und if 1 dio 
 
 F BUTLER, 
 jreed lo take my 
 
 the monpy, Winu 
 jHONORABLE,* 
 give him the dnijt. 
 
 o'clock A. M. 
 er diret'ls me lo do 
 F. BUTLER. 
 
 June 26, 1819. 
 II copy. Send one 
 ny lie ut Albany he- 
 itiin what my oitun. 
 F. BUTLER. 
 
 i Bairtl, Albany. 
 
 .Tune Qfi, 1819. 
 \of this Dank, four 
 lich he is authorized 
 enty.six promissory 
 jre yoii are as pood 
 
 for the prompt pay. 
 I which is the chupc 
 
 and teill continue 
 B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 rune 29th, 1819. 
 >f tiiose persons thnt 
 id 4 or $500 taken 
 
 rn HIM, and ash 
 • hf sat within my 
 WO OR THREE 
 
 1 ciiine from a (lis. 
 
 V LEGAL TEN- 
 ON, &c. Let me 
 
 . F. BUTLER, 
 loncluded, and you 
 
 int nnil imrtner of At- 
 comlitiDii of the insli- 
 11(1 Riiyil (in TIniradiiy, 
 1 will continue its re 
 o pliice in the Albany 
 Rutlcr applauds (loyt 
 itemiitic and well un- 
 ited on these page*. 
 
 BIITLF.n, VA:( BL'KK.'M-lKE, fJUI.LS THE I'KOPLE TlIRnUGlI THE TRESS. 
 
 1 60 
 
 expect the specie on Thursdny, you may perliapsask Caleli Raker to flay for it. If not, tell him 
 there will nut be A LOAD until next week. UK AND EVERY BODY EL«E thinks J har>« 
 TONS Of IT on the wmj. 
 
 Hotjt and Butler's pious but well-timed falsehood. 
 Mr. Iloyt got his friend Butler's letters published as puds at Albany. '• Your extract wa» well 
 timed," says Butler, (July 3d.) Here i.-; the extract. 
 
 /•V«m the Albiniji JJaily Advertiser. 
 
 [Washington and Warren Bnuk.j — Wednesday, 3 tlh June, IHID. Mtssrti. Weliuters & Skin- 
 ners : The following isaii extract from a letter (hited O" ^aiidy Hill,.TiiiK' 29, 1819 If you think 
 its publication will be of any service to comtnunity, you will pleii.=e to yive it a place in your paper. 
 [No. 25.] Sam.v Hii.l, June, 29, 1819. 
 
 The run upon the bank still continues, but the ninrni in this part of the country iy wholly sub. 
 sided. The nipenrancc <•/ IJr. Barker in good health and /spirits anions us, salisffd the people 
 that the fVashin^lon and ]Varren Dank would sustain no loss by his trniporary suspension. All 
 arc delighted with thr accomiiunl'tting disposition of Mr. Dutlcr thr President. When there 
 were more calls than \v: could .satisfy with liis own hands, he called in his nei;,'hhors to assist him 
 in payiii;^. And when then; were more than nil could attend to, he rei|Ui.'sft.'d those jiersons that 
 came with the bills, to lay them down and take iis many dollars iti specie ns they left in bills, 
 and retire to give room for others. Many caine and snw the enunter loaded down with pold nnA 
 silver and went away sntistied that all was well, and that Sandy Hill v.ms tint without its ' grains 
 of sold.' You may tell your Albany bank? that they had better bf- n little more sparini; of their 
 denunciations, lor their own vaults may have to atone for the sins of their keepers. Sell all the 
 goods you can for these notes. But you had belter not send up until the alarm has proved ground- 
 less, as you may be trod on in the crowd. When you do send, however, you will always have 
 the preferenct! over brokers in being wailed upon, lor we do not nmch admire those leeches upon 
 the ' body politic' in this part of th',- country," 
 
 [No. 25, «.] Steam Boat Riehmoml, June28, 1819.— Sir: I left Sandy Hill yesterday. The 
 Bank has not stopped payment — it will nut stop payment ; which please promulgate to prevent 
 the brokers from tp( culaiing on the fears of the holders of the bank of Washington and Wnrren. 
 I -shall connnence ijiscountiiig again (at the Exchange Bank,) within GO days from the 23d of 
 June. JACOB BARKER. 
 
 [No. 26] 30, June, 1819. — Dear Hoyi : If the original arrives in lime for the mail, this need 
 not go. I shall want the specie for Schuyler's note if [jaid. Vours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 President Dutler deceicfs the Ptople, and denounces Chartered Monopolies. 
 [No. 27.) [Per Mr. L. Clark. | S.VNnv Hill, July 1, 1819. 
 
 Tk f-sse H.ivt. — Dear Sir : The enclosed yon will send by the first boat, niter reading it, &c. 
 I sen I you 25 Ti.mf.s. You see how bohlly we come out. I have deliberated long before I 
 ventured it — but, as it's a pirl of my " l)iid!»et of ways and inean.s," have at length concluded 
 to run the haz ird.* If the specie lor Schuyler's note could be obtained, you could send it by 
 the buirer. Send the papers on Saturday. Tell mo what vou think of my bulletin. 
 
 Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 * President lluilcr's Miinilosto. rpferroil to in the above letter, as a part of bl» " budget of v.'iiys aad means," and 
 issued nfler Mr. Hurkcr's visit, wn« ii» t'.lliiws : 
 
 \From the Sandy Hill 'I'iinc.i. ./ii/y '-'. 18111.) 
 
 The fiiM'iwinir (^oinniunicatioii nn the utibjcct uf the Uunk at tliia place, may be relied ujion ua cuining FUOM 
 AN Dl'FICI.M. SolMtCK. 
 
 ' fhr tke Times \ W.xshinoi cin and Waurkn D.vnk — The oxpitenicMl in relrition tn the pnper of the Wash- 
 instiin and Warri'ii (tank, be^inniii; tcisulisiile, pfchii|is it iii-iv tint be ill timed to reiiUL'st llic ntlention of the piiblu; 
 toa few prominent imiiils, coiineclcd with the iiper!ition» nnd cliiriicter of tbtit institution. The sudden niul unex- 
 pected suspension of paynienl at the lixchaiiffo Hank, toijuthcr with other cinsc.s produced, very naturally, strong 
 tusiiirions • f the Milvencv ol'ilie VVusliiiiKtoii and Wurrcn Itank, which were preatiy iiicron.'ied by the malicious 
 prophecies nnd slandennis reports of persons who re;,'arded its snrcpss with jciloiisv nnd hatri-d. The consequence 
 was. the rapid and vexations return of its notes, acconipanuid with denninils for specie, or fir such hank pa|ier ns is 
 eipiivnlent thereto. .Mr. Darker, foreseeing.' this result, and feiriii;; that the bank iiii;;ht not be able to wilhstnnil the 
 fiml shock, allliote.'li (lonlident of ultimate success, very fairly assured the public, in hi* adilress to thcni, that the 
 Washi i(.'ton nnd Wnrren notes would all lie paid leithin .licty (/'i//.«, witbout promisinj; that the hank would not bo 
 compolled to siis|ieud. fir n short period, the piyoiCTit of iis n ilcs. It was fmnd, howi.'ver, that a course (o iin- 
 pleisant and diilressinj was unnecessary, nnd that the hank, hij rraortitig- to I'M /e/ral riakt.1. so far <t.i it respects 
 irokera and other hanks, woild be able to ride out the gale and tint too without pre-sjnir those that owe the 
 Dank. It has continued, and loill continue its rcilcinptions, and i.i abundantly able to fxiii all //.' drht.i. to the " utter- 
 most farthing" The debts due to the bank, amount to more tliun donlile tJirir iioios in circulation, and tkost 
 dcMs arc perfectly secure — there is perhaps scarcely one that will not ultiiii.i.tcly be c(il|pi:f.l. How then can any 
 one be it losdr by the bank 1 
 
 It is true that the Bank has not e.xtended to siicculators nnd haiil; a/rnit.i, tint prn-int ncconimodation wlileli, 
 under tluurialiing circuinatunccs, would probably nave hern alfurdcd • and it i.< al-o trtio iba! t hi'" been "n^'ngod, anil 
 
 I 
 
.1 w 
 
 j ■ *■•'•■■ 
 
 
 160 BUTLER DADGEHS BROKERS, BULLIES TUE BANKS, AND OBEYS BARKER. 
 
 To Iloyt, on hit preparations to badger the Board of Broken. 
 [No. 28.] Sandy Hill, July 3>l, 1819—11 A. M. 
 
 Dear Hott : All goes on well. Coleb urrived lust night with the reinforcement. Yuur 
 "extract" vat weil timed. I wixli you would keep the Alhany nierchjints bnck. It's ratlu-r 
 bad friendship to pel our biliH togethur, and post iheni up here, soy 3U days eouiuT thiin tluy 
 would otherwise come. At the worst ihey would go into Brokers' hands, WliiClI Iri THl' 
 DEST PLACE IN THE WORLD FOR MF-. I have received a very begging, coaxing letter 
 from Mr. Olcott, but at ll^i»wairt money it not half paid, I don't trouble myaelf about it. 
 
 Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 To Iloyt, at Albany. — Ought nut the Public to wait awhile ,' 
 
 [No. 39.] [Sent per Mr. Hand.] Sandy Hill, July 7, 1819. 
 
 Private and Secret. — Df.aii Hoyt: I have paid since the Run comnienced $9000 and ovor. 
 You know how much 1 hnd ihtn. I HAVE A GREAT DEAL MORE NOW, and am in 
 every retpect belter off. The reinforcement from Jacob Barker puis me nut [of] d.mger. Havt 
 paid very liberally SINCE IT ARRIVED. BUT SHALL NOW HOLD UP. The pubii,. 
 have been paid over .$ (iOOO— the Brokers $3000. OUGHT NOT THE PUBLIC TO WAIT 
 AWHILE? U> have CROWED full enough for the present, therefore had better mile no 
 more for the papers. I shall add a note to " Equal Rights," which will gill the Mechanics' ami 
 Farmers' Bank to the quick.* 
 
 Finished last Saturday night by trying the replevin, at Glen's Falls — got home 1 o'clock, 
 Sunday morning. Jury equally divided, G and G — Sheriff in our fncor. Skinner and me boili 
 summed up ; suited myself and everybody else. Noticed anew fur Tue.'day, 13 — cleiir case ; 
 ■hall certainly succeed — want tlie lease from Van Rensselaer to Caldwell, as they gave parol 
 evidenve of it. Send it up in time. 
 
 Paid Saturday, the 3d, 901 ; on .Monday, 379 though the Bank wat shut ; on Tuesdny, 817. 
 
 Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 To Hoyt, on Laic, Chancery, and suffering the People " to fret a Utile." 
 [No. 30.] Sanhv Him,, July 10th, 1819. 
 
 Dear Sir: My present business i.") chancery. The enclosed bill I drew in great haste last nigli! 
 and this morning. I want it presente<l on Monday, and the motion made and urged on ilip 
 OTound of the preoi injury to the Bank if those notes should be put in circulation. Whethrr 
 Barker's nasignnient to this Bank is good or not, ice are entitled to the injunction. Whetli»r 
 the bills are his or ours, the Farmers' Bank have no right to use them ; and if they do, we sufllr 
 •9 well as J. B. [Jacob Barker] I want the bill copied, and a copy sent to Mr. Barker for Mr. 
 JVelli' examination. 
 
 If you get the injunction, show it first to the State Bank, and tell they follow next — then serve 
 it on Farmers' Bank — then show to Lansingburgh, and tell them they shall have the same, n/d/ 
 had better keep the billa. That is, if you think it best to inform the others before I have made 
 out bills against them. 
 
 The M business I have neglected, and never can attend to it. Serve the petition- 
 
 give the notice — fill up the proper day — make the motion. You and the Allorncy General [Mr. 
 Van Buren,] draw the infi rrogatories and examine the witnesses. / c^kho^ and must rely 
 wholly on vou. 
 
 The Bank is safe, and I mean to keep it so. I WILL RATHER SUFFER THE PUB- 
 LIC TO FRET A LITTLE, than hazard the safely of THE INSTITUTIO.N by paying out 
 TOO FAST. I have paid this week ,$2500— $C00 of which was Walker. 
 
 Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 JOr I* now engaged in the payment of small specie, J^ to persons of timt descriptinn ; but it tmift nlwnys be re- 
 raemticred, thai the Farmers, .Michtmics, Trarellcrs, and Tradumen, icho have presented its hilts, have been paiJ 
 in the most prompt and liberal manner. It mtist also bo borne in mind, tbat tbe pressure <if tbe times would of 
 itself be a suffinent c.vRUse lor ninny tilings, which, at ii more propitious moment, would be deemed incoini-tenl 
 Willi the rules of fair iind hnnurublo business ; and above nil, tbiit the course pursued in this pirticuhr instnni'c, 
 is adopted for the express purpose, not of injurinjf, but of indemnifying tbe public. THE HANK IS Altl.E To 
 I'.VY, and intends to pay its notes, but it fuppiisea that the honest yeomanry, who compose the " bone and gristlr" 
 of the land, are entitled to every accommodation, in preference to greedy speculators and arrogant monied aristo- 
 cracies. TTiosr too nhii have "poisoned the chalice," have no reason to complain, if xcith retributive justice, it is 
 "presented U> their tips ;" nor even if Uiey are compelled to taste a portion of its contents. 
 
 * After the VV. and W. Bank hnd shut its doors for several yenrs nnd hovght in its own unsnienble pnper, it openpil 
 
 them Rjain Jacob Barker, Jesse Hoyt, Fitzgrcene Iliilleck, nnd B. F. Butler beiiip still coniiectod with it (m 
 
 the Wth of December 1621!, Mr. G. R. Biirkcr, cashier, wrote from the Bunk to Mr. Butler, as follows i—Denr Sir— 
 This will be hnnded you by J. F. Sliirrill who goes to Albany for the purpose of procuring some specie. I want 
 MOOO. and »end you that amount in bilis. Mr. [JacobJ Barker savs he hns written Mr. Olcoit on the subject. I 
 rhould not trouble wow, but want the business done correctly, nnd fear to trust it alone with Mr. Shirrill. 1 send a 
 draft for {jjiSOOO; w'hich, if Mr. O. preferM, you will please linnd hira— but I should prefer his taking the notes. IT 
 you have to e'lte him tho draft you will please dei>osite the notes io the M. and F. Bunk, to oiircredit, which will 
 make a specie deposit of thnt amount in Albony. G. R, BARKER, Cathier 
 
ys BAUKER. 
 
 icri. 
 1819—11 A. M. 
 
 •inforceracnt. Your 
 Its bnck. It's rntlier 
 lys guuiuT tliiin tlu'v 
 .. WHICH Irf THi; 
 gging, coaxing leiitr 
 myself about it. 
 , U. F. BUTLER. 
 
 He ! 
 
 IiLL, July 7, 1819. 
 -ed $1)000 nnd ovi r. 
 3 NOW, and am in 
 \ [ol] d.inger. llaxe 
 ,D UP. Tlie piibli.. 
 'UBLIC TO WAIT 
 had better write no 
 I the Mechanics' ami 
 
 ■got home 1 o'clock, 
 ■^kiiiiuT and rue both 
 day, 13 — cleiir case ; 
 I, as they gave parol 
 
 t ; on Tiiesdnv, 817. 
 B. r. BUTLKR. 
 
 a Ullle." 
 
 r„ July 10th, 1819. 
 
 I great hnslo last nigli! 
 and urged on liie 
 
 irculntion. Whether 
 iijiiiictinii. Wholliir 
 i if they do, we suflir 
 ) Mr. Barker for Mr. 
 
 low next — then serve 
 
 II have the aanie,fl;i(/ 
 •a before I have made 
 
 Serve the petition — 
 .tlorncy General [Mr, 
 nniiot, and must rely 
 
 fFFER THE PUB- 
 TIO.N by paying out 
 
 B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 Iiiit it must nlwnys lie ro 
 d its hillg, have been vaitl 
 re i>r llie times would of 
 III lie flaemeil incniiai-tent 
 I thii |)trlit;uhr inatnnie, 
 K HANK IS AriI.E T(i 
 ae the " bone and jfrhtlr" 
 
 I arrogant monied ariito- 
 i retributive justice, it is 
 s. 
 
 nsnienble pnper, it opened 
 
 II connected with it dn 
 r, as follows : — Denr Sir— 
 \ng loine specie. I want 
 Olcolt on the suhject. I 
 th Mr. f^hirrill. I send n 
 r his tnking the notes. If 
 , to our credit, which will 
 11. BARKER, Caihitr 
 
 BTTTLER S PIETY, PASSION AND rElll'LE.XITY — l^ENT AND CLINTON. \^l 
 
 P. S. — If Schuyler's note was payable c, I would take Washington and Warren gladly, but 
 by his own act he has made it payable in Albany. Now let him pay what they will take, ex- 
 cept I will take it in j Piattsburg and ^ current — J B'jrlington, ^ current. If he has our noten 
 let him present them. If not pnid, write Baird that it must be done forthwith, or he will bn 
 SUED — Baird will make him pay it. 
 
 Chancellor Kent scolded — Clinton declared to be raving mad — '• Fair and Proper calls." 
 
 [No- 31 ] Sa.><i)v Hir.i,, July 14, 1819. 
 
 To J. lioyt. — Dear Sir : Send the enclosed by the boat to-morrow— all goes well. The 
 Chancellor's decision, in my opinion is disgraceful, partial, uiijiiatifiahle — (inier nos.) I pay from 
 $700 to $1000 daily— chielly in H^ii-cic— satisfying all FAIR AND PROPER ealU. 
 
 I yesterday tried the Replevin over again, and after a prodigious hard conflict obtained the 
 inquisition. This secures the estate. "The lease did not arrive in time for the trial, as I had it 
 at Lake George. Got through summing up at 11 o'clock — Jury out till after 1, A. .\1. — tough 
 bitsiness I can assure you. After Bank hours, rode through sun and dust to Lake (rcorge — lii 
 miles — tried the caus»— up till ii, A. M. — up again at ^ past 4— home before l)ank hourd. 
 
 CLINTON IS RAVIN(i MAD, BESIDE BEING A FOOL, But 1 have no time for more. 
 
 Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 Capt. Coffin's letter contain.^ cash. Let me know whether the Comptroller found the account 
 of public monies received by the Attorney General [M. V. Bur«n] during my agency, correct. I 
 furnished it last mail. (Sent by Mr. Bacon.) 
 
 " From Grave to Gay—from Lively to Severe." — " Orator Puff had lira tones to his vice." 
 [No. .Sa.] Jesse lloyt, Es.]., care of Jacob Barker, Esq., New York.* 
 
 Sandy Hir.r,. July 21, 1819. 
 My Dear Sir: I condole with you moat sincerely. I comtneiid you to Him who is able to 
 bind up the broken heart — who alone can give you consolation in your distress — whose will is 
 righteou.'*, and whose mercy is unbounded. 1 HAVE NO TIME FOR MORE. 
 
 Yours most truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 Postscript. I have of this date written to Jacob Barker, E8q.,stuting my situation and pres- 
 sing him to furnish me one thousand dollars at least in specie, to reach mc by the 30th inst. If 
 niy letters are not received, please inform him of this postscript, and add that it is absolutely 
 neressarv. 
 
 To IloyI, on paying in a slow way ! 
 
 [No. 33.] SARvrooA Springs, Aug. d4th, 1819. 
 
 Dear Sir: . » « » « Your jrother [Lorenzo Hoy t,] has charge of the 
 Bank during my absence — Mr. Barker left us this morning for the south. « « » * * The 
 Bank will go on paying daily, IN A SLOW WAY, uiml Mr. B. [Barker] is able to give me 
 some liberal assistance — and in the meantime I shall take it slow and easy tor the future, without 
 laboring as I have done for the two months past, which have been in every respect the most la- 
 borious and pcr|)lf.\iiigof my life. I felicitate myself, however, with the rellection, that I have 
 relieved MANY HUNDREDS of persons who would have been almost ruiifd if we had stopt 
 as Mr. Barker advised me — that I have kept up PARTIALLY the credit of I hr paper O" in 
 the vicinity of the Bank, which in the event of stopping would have been at .'iO or 60 per cent 
 discount — and, that in all that I have done, I have been actuated by a sincere desire to promote 
 the interests of my employer, nnd the welfare and preservation of the community. * » » * 
 
 In haste, your friend, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 Preserve the Bank ! — Bntlrr'.i character loierred — Hoyt exhorted to repentance — Sabbath 
 
 Keeping — IVisdom's IVays. 
 [No. .34.] [To Jesse Hoyt, Esq.] Sandy Ilir.r,, Nov. 16, 1819. 
 
 My Dear Sir : Yours of the 11th is just received — I enclose a power of attorney which I pre- 
 sume will answer. Your letter of the .'jth was received last week ; but being called away for 
 the two next days, and considerably engaged since my return, I had not found it convenient to 
 acknowledge its receipt. I shall tint pretend to deny your right to complain of my silence, but; 
 at the same time, I must retort tli 'liarge ; and I presu le you will admit that there is full as 
 much ground for it in one ea.se as ii. he other. I have no doubt of the multiplicity of your con. 
 cerns, nor of your industry and perseverance ; and I hope most sincerely they will be rewarded 
 by that success to which they are justly entitled ; but I believe you cannot have had so perplexing 
 and arduous a tour ot duty as mine has been for the last six months. Indeed, I am certain that 
 no poor wight ever labored more sincerely for the public good, or receirr.d more of public censure 
 
 ♦When if became evident that Mr.Harker would neixher purehnse the "goodwill " ot't lie broken Bnnk of Ningnm, 
 at Bnffiilo, nor sustain the Washington and Warren Bank, Mr. Hoyt reinovod I'roni .Mlmny to New York to prac- 
 tice law, having taken out licenc«ia, as an attorney-at-Iaw, and as a sulicitur-lii-chaiiccrv. 
 
 t.' 
 
 t" 
 
 l\ 
 
 II 
 

 u -• ■ ,;■ 
 
 iJ I. 
 
 my r 
 
 .' ■;■•■ 
 
 I: 
 
 R. 
 
 i't 
 ,1 
 
 lljl -: 
 
 ■, t 
 
 162 IIIS GAME OF PILLa'gE GAINED, BUTLER mEACUKS TO BKOTHRR JESSE. 
 
 and abuse. For the ln«t seven or eight weeks, however, we have had comparatively quiet titnts, 
 and I have had some liisure for law reading and law labor. 
 
 You aro right in supposing that the late catastrophe (for I consider it the end oi that dramri) 
 in the Exchange Bniik, is a conunon misfortune. Tome especially it is a great one. I hud 
 cheerfully suffered the depreciati .i o/OUR PAPER, that Mr. B. [Barker] niijrht in the meiin- 
 tiine bend all his efforts to the Exchange Bank, and in the resumption of payment there, hoped 
 for the most auspicious results. The matter is past niendinc;, and no doubt it is all t()r the best, 
 ]Ve eniitinue paying daily in a small way, more to rcliroe the siiffcriiign of community thnn for 
 any other purpose. The credit of the paper is very low in this country — hardly any one takea 
 it nt par — and were it not for the small payments of which I spuke, no one of my neighbors 
 would have any conlidence in the ultimate solvency of the in.'^titutioii. Some few, inferring from 
 what has been done and what is now doing, that the intention is TO PRESERVE THE BANK, 
 are rather disposed to thiidi favorably of the concern ; but their numbers are not great. Fortu- 
 nately, however, by our redemptions and collections, we have got in nearly all the pnpcr in cir- 
 culiition in this part of the Stale, and there is now bui little more than half as much out as there 
 was when the (roubles commenced. The most interesting and gratifying part of your letter, wns 
 that in which you gave us reason to look for you here in December. We shall rely with cer- 
 tainty .in your coming up; and if a cordial reception can make your visit a pleasant one, you 
 will niost assuredly find it so. Indeed, 1 can say most truly, there is no one of my quondam 
 friend.* that 1 amnu)ri' an.\ious to see than yourselt'. By the bye, my character is so depreciated 
 at Albany (;i '('ordin'; to re|)ort) that but few of my old acquaintances would acknowledge or re- 
 ceive me. ."-^onie of them, I hear, have the kindness and condescension to compassionate and 
 pity me, while others consider me full as bad as Jacob Hurkcr, «hich in these daya is conijidered 
 a pretty severe .specimen of invective and reproach. .So be it. 
 
 They cannot rob me of free nature's grace, 
 They cannot shut the windows of the sky, 
 They cannot bar my constant feet to trace 
 The woods and lawns, by livinc stream at eve ; 
 Of fancy, reason, rirtnc, nought can me bereave. 
 
 I am sorry to observe that you are obliged to turn casuist in order to reconcile your Sundau 
 labors to your own sense of duty. You may remember what Sir .Mathew Hale said on that 
 subject, '• That he tried both plans, and from experience could say, that no man ever gained any- 
 thing in the end, or furthered his business, by attendinti to it on tlu> Sabbath." 
 
 I know that you have had many and severr' misfortunes to contend with ; but I tiiink there is 
 n better method of consolation to be foinn' than the ow you have adopted. No doubt the poii;- 
 nancy of di-^tress is often lessened and destroyed by the hurry of business and the active employ, 
 meiit of the mind, and th reiore thos-? reniedips should frequently be iidopted — but no true con- 
 solation can ever be derived iVom anything tint requires the neglect of a reliiiious duty. The 
 ways of wisdom, and of wisdom only, " are ways of pleasantness" — iier paths, a. id hers only, 
 " are paths of peace.'' Mrs. Butler joins in nflectionate remembrance. 
 
 Truly yours, B. F. B. 
 
 Pious rxhortniions to Jesse HoyI — Trnuhlc at the Bank — The Attorney malies his debut. 
 
 [No. ."3.")] Sa.vdv FIii.L, Dec. 17, 1819. My Dear Sir: * * la private paragraph omit- 
 ted.] * * lam .sensible you have had many difiieulties to contend with — many privations to 
 endure — many alllietions to submit to — hut that all has been riiiht and jiixt, however severe and 
 jiainful it maj* have seemed, is no less the acknowleduuient of REASON, than the dictate di' 
 
 lEVELATION. The former assures us that the BEING ^lio formed and upholds the natunil 
 world, so full of order, regularity, and excellence — who supports his eic ainre.-< with every good of 
 life — " who makes all nature beauty to the eye and music to the ear," must be Righteous niul 
 Bi'nevnlcni ; while the latter repn'sents him as viiulicating the myisterirs of His Providence by 
 
 siiyina, '• VVlrit i do imw thou knowest not, but thou shall know hereafter.'' 
 
 We have been much troubled by visitors at the Bank for the 10 days past. The Court oi 
 Counnon Pleas, which sat in the viUage a part of two weeks, has just Jidjourned. You canhani- 
 ly conceive how much I was vexed and molested. Every man who owned a dollar of our paper 
 made a p'>int of briniiing it along. I made my debut as an attorney — was employed in Iw" 
 onuses which I tried and artrued,and had very good success. There is but little law business 
 do'iig in this county. Such complaints you never heard from lawyers, of the dullness of the 
 times nnd the scarcity of money. Most truly yours, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 Butler's Pious Sympathy — Hallcck initiated in W. {( W. Banking. 
 [No. 36.] Sandy Hii.l. .Tan. 3. ]82(>. 
 
 Dear Hoyt : We regret very much that Mr. Halh ek has made his visit, and is returning with. 
 out you J » • » « * nnd our hopes that He " who tempers the wind to the 
 
 tHE J 
 
 ehom lami 
 your future 
 with US a \ 
 nius and a( 
 pleasure yo 
 tell you all 
 
 To Jess 
 
 [No. .1 
 Dear Frj 
 lage (the m 
 * * * la 
 Mr. Van Bi 
 that burn" i 
 have been 
 THE ONL 
 write less fr 
 Not that I d 
 I have a i 
 nient of Mr 
 person. I I 
 been urged i 
 friend of ou 
 no moss," ai 
 follow, I ha\ 
 the removal, 
 even with tli 
 first in a sm 
 men. At !• 
 perhaps it m 
 does not wis 
 have not alrf 
 Mr. Barker's 
 last saw you 
 great, and th 
 die with poll 
 Since my 
 lie in that ca 
 terference in 
 in the politi(; 
 Education 
 sinister view 
 State — there 
 others what 
 I have rec 
 ary I have 1 
 name lime pi 
 I have adv! 
 '•^s.s about it. 
 This letter 
 lisin, than wl 
 Please preser 
 
 To Jesse Ui 
 
 [No. 38 
 My Dear 
 that drove oj 
 
 ^Mr. Fill O 
 steiiml>o«t Vicf 
 R. Ilnrkor. Hrin 
 i winli voii to I. 
 make Biiitiibln 
 niinnot eippct 
 
:: ■* 
 
 [IKR JESSE, 
 irntively quiet timts, 
 
 end oi that dratnii) 
 a great one. / had 
 
 inijrht in the niean- 
 lyment tliere, liopcd 
 
 it is all tor the best. 
 
 coininunity ilian for 
 nrdly an> one takes 
 me of my neighbois 
 e fow, inforrinn from 
 LIVE THE BANK, 
 e not great. Fortii- 
 ■ all the piipcr in eir- 
 as much out as there 
 ,rt of your letter, was 
 ' shall rely wiih cer- 
 
 a pleasant one, ynu 
 one of my quondam 
 cier ispo depreciated 
 lI acknowledge or re- 
 3 compassionate and 
 se daya is couaidered 
 
 iconcilc your Sundau 
 nv Hale said on that 
 nan ever gained anv- 
 h." 
 
 hnt I tiiiiik there is 
 
 No doubt the poit;- 
 
 nd the i.'^.tive employ. 
 
 ed— hut no true con- 
 
 reli'iious duly. The 
 
 paths, a.id hers only, 
 
 rs, 
 
 B. F. B. 
 
 1/ inakeri his debul. 
 ivatt) parafiraph omit- 
 -many privations in 
 /. however severe ami 
 N.thim the dictate of 
 id upliokla the natural 
 e,< with every good of 
 u,-4i he Righteous and 
 of His Providence by 
 
 :r." 
 
 past. The Court oi 
 rned. Yon can hard- 
 1 a dollar of our paper 
 was employed in two 
 hut Imle law businesH 
 of the dullness .if the 
 B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 U'liikinf;, 
 
 nii,i>..Tan. 3. 1820. 
 
 and is returninir with. 
 empers the wind to the 
 
 THE JTTLirS C.TtSAR OF SANDY HILL MIGHT BE COCK ROBIN ' IN NEW-YORK. 163 
 
 Bhom lamb" will enable you to sustain your misfortunes with dignity and patience, and make 
 your future lif' more happy than your fondest wishes could anticipate. Mr. Halleck has been 
 with us a week, and I must really say that we have been greatly delighted with him. His ge- 
 nius and acquirements render him a most agreeable and instructive companion. I envy you the 
 pleasure you must derive from a full and uninterrupted intercourse with such a man. He can 
 
 tell you all about our Banking concerns.* 
 
 Most truly yours, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 To Jesse Hoyt.— Butler would he the Julius Casar oj Sandy Hill — is a Bucktail — Self. 
 [No. .37.] HuDso.v. Feb. 7th, 1820. 
 
 Dear Friend : The release for Mr. Youle is enclosed. We have no Commissioner at our vil- 
 lage {the men Jit for it being chiefly Bucktails,) and I therefore brought it with me. » » * * » 
 * * * I am much obliged to you for your letter and the pamphlets. One of the latter I saw at 
 Mr. Van Buren's last week, which he had from you. " For thoughts that breathe and words 
 that burn" it is almost without a rival in modem political publications, I must confess that I 
 have been guilty of considerable negligence, and frequent violations of punctuality. You are 
 THE ONLY PERSON to whom I evKf write, except on business topics, and perhaps 1 should 
 write less frequently than I now do were it not for the occasional necessity of the correspondence. 
 Not that I dislike the employment, or have forgotten the friend — neither is the case. 
 
 I have a tolerable prospect of getting a livelihood l)y my profession at San<ly HilJ, the appoint- 
 ment of Mr. Skinner and his consequent desertion of the bar, having left room for some other 
 person. I have taken his oflice, but whether I shall fill his place remains to be seen. / have 
 been urged to hold myself in reserve until. spring and then remove to New York with an old 
 friend of ours, (M. Van Buren), but I prefer remaining where I am. " A rolling stone gathers 
 no moss," and though I certainly would not have gone from Albany had I known what would 
 follow, I have too much pride to keep always on the move — and upon the whole do not regret 
 the removal. Besides, I doubt whether it would be advisable to locate myself in New York, 
 even with the aid of wealth and talents. The sayivg of Caisar's, that he would rather be the 
 first in a small village than the second at Home, is a fair expression of the sentiments of most 
 men. At New York I could never hope to be even the SECOND — where I am [Sandy Hill] 
 perhaps it may not be too presumptuous to aspire to higher honors. I believe Mr. Van Buren 
 does not wish to jiave it known that he removes to New York in the Spring, therefore, if you 
 have not already heard of it, yon will please consider what I say as inter nos. I am fearful that 
 Mr. Barker's misfortunes will prevent you from realizing all the prospects you indulged in when I 
 last saw you. Pray inform me all about it. You know that my interest in your welfare is very 
 great, and that nothing would give me more pleasure than to hear of your success. Do you med- 
 dle with polities? Or are you a silent spectator of the conflict? 
 
 Since my resolution to get all the law business I could, and to present myself before the pub. 
 lie in that capacity, 1 have thrown off the restraints I had before preserved with regard to an in- 
 t-^rference in County all'airs, and have engaged with some warmth, but pure intentions (as I hope,) 
 in the poliii(\al warfare. 
 
 Education, habit, inclination and principle all conspire to make me A BUCKTAIL. I have mo 
 sinister views to gratify — no resentments to satiate — no other object but the well being of the 
 i<fl/c— therefore my endeavors shall be to confine myself within the golden ule, of " doing to 
 others what I would have ihcni do to me." 
 
 I have received a letter from Mr. Barker, stating that the bank was unable to pay me the sal- 
 ary I have hitherto received any longer, which is what I have been compelled to look for for 
 wmc linir past, and which will render my prospects rather gloomy, owing to the largo amount 
 
 I have advanced for . Were I troubled with nobody'.s debts but my own I should cure 
 
 '•:'ss about it. Still I think I can in time "et a living by my profession. 
 
 This letter is filled with nothing but SELF from beginning to end — a lamentable proof of ego- 
 tism, than which nothing is more imsulTerable. Do you never expect to vi.sit us at Sandy Hill? 
 Plpuse present to Mr. Halleck mv best respects, and believe mc, dear sir, yours sin-erely, 
 
 B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 To Jesse IToyl — on Imw — Jacob Barker, Judge Edmunds, Mr. Van Buren, the ejection and 
 
 Judge Van Ness. 
 [No. 38] Albany, March 17, 1820. 
 
 My Dear Friend : I have been here for three or four days. My business was to meet one of 
 that rfroi'e of steers which broke into the enclosure of the Court of Chancery ,«onie lime before I 
 
 *JiIr. Fit! Orrcne. Ha'hek to Mr. A. l/oi/t, at Mhnvy. New York, Mny 1, 180iV— Denr Sir— I send by the 
 sleiiml'oiit Victnrv vvliirli lei\ve» here this iifVorndon iit ,'j o'clock, n ho.x contiiininj; bonk notes inlilrosscrt to George 
 R. Unrkor. Hiinrfv Hill, which we shnll ho miidi ohiised by your forwiirdini,' to him liv the very first (ipimrluniiy. 
 1 wt«h voii to keep ri inemnriindiim of all the expeiines you nre lit, niid Iho viirioin triiiisiictinns y"ii nttend to, and 
 make (iiitnble uhiirire Iherel'or. It is nil tor iiccount of cor|i!.rntion,s " which hiive no sonU," whose stockholders 
 ciinnot expect confidential servicei of thin kind to he performed without piiyinp 
 
 Your aiiured friend, F. G. HALLECK, fur Jacob Barker. 
 
 
 4 
 
 A 
 
 M 
 
r n ■ r ■ 
 
 hi ? 
 
 E r 
 
 I--!/*- V 
 
 1? '.; 
 
 If! '. 
 
 
 
 It. ' 
 
 J64 ALBANY rOLITICIANS — LAW &. LAW rAKTiNKUSIlirS — VAN ISL'UEN & BUTLER. 
 
 Iftft you. I Imve doiiu nothing since I have been here but hear and talk politics. They seem U> 
 engross the whole soul of every person I meet witii. For myself, though I feel some interest and 
 take something of an active part at liome, yet I must confess I am heariily sick of the eternal. 
 ding dong which is kept up at this place by the more noisy of boili parties, and shall get home 
 as soon as possible. It is but seldom that 1 hear from our friend Mr. Haiker, for the very sub. 
 Htamial reason, as I suppose, that he has nothing to conmiunicaie. Do you think he will be dis. 
 charged in April ? And can you form any sort of esiimntion as to the ultiinnte result of his af- 
 fairs t Please give me all the information you have on his concerns, and yonr own im evnmxtcd 
 with hilt, in which you know I take a deep intcrent. 
 
 Since forming my connection with Mr. .Mussey, 1 have considered it imporlani that I should 
 be admitted as a Counsellor as soon as possible. I have been gone all winter, while f ought to 
 liave been preparing for the examination. If 1 can prepare myself you nuiy look for me in May. 
 I do imt yet ijrecisely know what are Mr. Van Kuren's e.xpeciations, nor do I believe he doe.s 
 himself. It is very probable that he will spend part of the summer in settling up his affairs in 
 this part of the state and in Colmnbia. Mr. Edmonds, who is now with him, has had sonir 
 conversation with him on the subject of business at New York, but I hanc no (ipinvhcnsions 
 that he would form a ronnictiov tcith so younf; ii practitioner. 
 
 T am sorry for your s;ike lo hear such peer aecoimis of professional business at New York, 
 We have sometliini,' to do at Sandy Hill, and I think our o(iic<' has its share. If I can once get 
 myself into suili ;i luii of business as to [irovide for my family, I doubt whether I ever engage in 
 any other pinsuil. 'riii.' more I hrcoiiie ae(|uainted with tlir law, the more my attachment lo ii 
 increases. AVe have a greiit many lawyers in our county — many of them great upoutcrs — some 
 of them very resj)eetalile in iioint of tidents. The popular i)rejudi(H' against the jirofessioii i^ 
 also very great iimoiig us. It is rarely (^ver that a liiwyer is nominated for the Legislature — bin 
 perhaps that may arise as much from the state of parties in our county, where both have been 
 ah""t cniwil ill strength for many years — as from any other e;uisc. Still I think my prospects as 
 good there aj they would be elsewhere, and as yet I am content with my location. 
 
 I never knev nnrty ^irit so very warm as it now is in this (|uarter, and probably the Election 
 ■will bo a v'-i-y sharo one. The aeeoiiiits t'roin nil |):iris are v<-iy favorable to the eleetinn nl 
 Tompkins. ( >;i sioer it very certain, 'i'hc old liirntenant (Jovtrnor, iis I understand, begins 
 to regret ibat ,';_ lias suffered himself to be linked with Clinton, but cannot unbind the knot, 
 The Legivhitiire .ire doing not Mug of any eonscquenee, since the eoinniiltees from the two 
 Houses hav:" reported on the necounts of the Vice President. [Tompkin^.] 
 
 The Ccrimittee of Iminiry intended to report next week, but as Judge Van Ness has not yet 
 returned, I do not believe they will be ready. That concern looks very dark for his Honor. If 
 lie is innocent he has been very unwise in the course he has Jidoptrd. If he shall be convicted, 
 ultimately, what a degrnding circiimstanee it will be for the jiidicinl character of our Stale I h 
 was once our pride and ornament — but how are the cuntidence and resjieet of ihi' public to lir 
 preserved when its members a.-e nusperted, much less when they arc arraigned for " hi^'li 
 crimes and misdemeanors '" In trntli, your very sincere friend, H. F. HUTLER. 
 
 To.T. Hoyt. Van Ihtren and Butler, Counsellors and Attorneys ai Law — Albany — Protndencf 
 
 — iVorth's Points — Vandrr Ileydeu. 
 
 [No. .TJ.] .Vi.nA.NY, May27, 18120. 
 
 My Dear Sir: I have been he'c two or three days for the purpose of spi'ing Mr. Van Diiren. 
 You may have heard that it w;.s iny "neiiiion to remove forthwith to Albnny ; ifiiui, I tiikc 
 this occasion to inform you that / hnr: agreid to resume the law biiainess with Mr. Van Burcn. 
 and shall locate myself in this i)laee as speedily as possible after the 1.5ih of ne.xf inonlli. 1 
 think I have every prospect I could desire. Mr. Van Ruren says he will not abandon his pro- 
 fession ; and if he remains in it he can get as much bu.siness as we can attend to. He offers 
 me one half of the (Chancery, as well as the other husinen.f, which you will reenllect is much 
 better than our former tcrmn; and as our (^hanccry Suits null be !he ninst numerous iiiiil 
 profitable, it appenrs lo me that I cannot but succeed. My ii(Jmi.ssion as (,'(iiins"llor will iilsu 
 enable iiie to attend to sninll niotions in term, iiKpiesls at circuits, vtc. \-.c., which, as my 
 acquaintance is very general throughout the state, will be something townrds the current 
 e.vpenscs of the year. With the n.-i.sistance nf PliOVIDKXCi;, / nni fuUij resolced nei-ir 
 again to abandon or withdraw from my profession, and to pursue such n course of study, industry 
 and perseverance as shnll make me n lawyer in time, if it is possible i ) ninke a lawyer out (if 
 such materials as 1 am composed of It is with urent reluetnnee that I leave Siindy Hill; 
 the situation of that most clmrining village, the kindiies.'i of its inhabitants, from whuiii I have 
 received every aiteniion, and ABOVE ALL n sincere desire to cnmphi with the wishes of our 
 friend Mr. Barker, all iiiduend mc to remain, but I am sfitisl'ied that I ongli! not to pnss by tlio 
 present opportunity of esialili:iliiiig myself in tlie prdjrssion. I wrote .Mr. limker from Samlv 
 Hill, but liavo 'tot had llie plea.Muie of hearina from him. Please inform him thai I leisli 
 
lEN & BUTLER. 
 
 .ics. Tliey seem to 
 el some interest and 
 sick of the eternal. 
 and shall f;et home 
 er, for the very sub. 
 think he will be dis. 
 inte ri'sull of his af- 
 tr iiwu us cunnectcd 
 
 orlani that I should 
 er, while F onght to 
 look for nie in May. 
 
 I believe lie does 
 ling up his affairs in 
 
 him, has had gonii- 
 !'« no (ipprrhensioiis 
 
 iiesa at New York. 
 ?. If 1 can onre gel 
 her I ever engage in 
 my attachment to ii 
 ural. spout CIS — some 
 in^t tiie profession y. 
 the Legislntnre — but 
 liere both have been 
 hink my prospects as 
 iieation. 
 
 probtibly the Election 
 Ic to the eleetinn ot 
 
 1 understand, begin? 
 not nnbind the knot, 
 littees from tho twu 
 
 Vnu Nesn has not yet 
 irk for his Honor. If 
 lie shall be convicted, 
 ter of our State ! It 
 L't of the public to hi. 
 iirrniffncd for " high 
 H. F. nUTLER. 
 
 -Alhii II ij — Pro iiideiice 
 
 Ny, May27, 1820. 
 =eing Mr. Van Diircii, 
 kibany ; if nut, I tiiko 
 irith Mr. Van Bnnii, 
 ill of next month. 1 
 
 not abandon his pro- 
 attend to. He offeiK 
 Dill ri'.cnlli'ct ifi much 
 
 most imincious mid 
 IS Couns'dlor will also 
 . \'-e., which, as my 
 
 towards the current 
 
 fidhl risolccd ncvfr 
 urse of sindy, indusiry 
 make a lawyer out of 
 t I leave Sandy Hill; 
 its, from whom I have 
 '!!th thr mislipfi nf our 
 ■j}n not to pass by the 
 r. liiiiUer iVom Sandy 
 form him (hat I wish 
 
 BUTLER TO (^UlT SANDy HILL BANKlNli AND POLITICS FOR LAW. 
 
 165 
 
 to resign on the l^ith June, and to leave the next day if 1 can. Every day I procrastinate is 
 an injury. JVe have so little time allotted us in this world, and that little is so uncertain, that 
 it becomes important to take it by the "forelock." 
 
 I have just seen a poem by G. A. Worth, entitled "American Bards," which I have skimmed 
 over with deep regret. 2'here is not a line of merit in the whole book. It would seem that 
 genius declines and degenerates in the woods, for Worth, when in New York, was a fine 
 writer — brilliant in prose, and more than tolerable in poetry. Even in the notes there is 
 nothing of that vivacity and elegance which distinguished the Correctors. 
 
 Our friend Van Der Heyden is looking out for the Clerk's Office, for the ne.xt Assembly. Do 
 give him all the help you can. Horace Merchant is to be his deputy, so that the objection of 
 Clark, that he is a raw hand, &,c. ite., is wholly obviated. Clark reports him as a federalist. 
 Please contradict that falsehood. Van Der Heyden is a fine fellow and a man of talents^ — and 
 deserves eueouragement, not only on that account but also for his filial and fraternal ailection. 
 
 I shall get to Albany in time to take the " laboring oar" in tho Ilart cause, and also in the 
 Flatner suit, in both of which I shall probably be solicitor. And as for politics, I give you 
 notice that I intend to leave you and the other ehanipions to fight it out, having neither time 
 nor inclination to buckle on the armor, though I may poscibly always carry a small sword 
 about me. Present my beat respects to your sister and brother. 
 
 Yours aft'ectionately, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 To J. Iloijt. — Van Burcn Sj his Clerks — Lorenzo Hoyt — Barker's last offer, 
 
 [No.^ 40.] Ai.BA.N X-, .Tune 24, 1820. 
 
 Dear Friend : I thank you for your kindness in attending to my Houek cause. The letter en- 
 closing the [wrong or wing] bill and the decree, came to me charged ©111 postage I mention 
 this for no other reason, than that y<iu may be informed of the carele.ssne.ss of the person by 
 whom you sent it. The, letter to Judge Piatt I will deliver. He is on the tour of the Northern 
 circuit — holds the Washington circuit this week — the Troy circuit ne.xt week, and I shall very 
 probably see him on his return. I have been here three or four days — found every thing in an 
 elegant state of eoiil'usion, but have got pretty much arranged for business. Take it all together, 
 we have the pleasantest establishment in the city, if not in the state. We occupy the whole 
 lower floor of the Secretary's houi-e. Mr. Van Buren has the front room, with the library. I 
 keep my office in the back room, which is cool and pleasant, besides being better adapted for 
 study than the other. We have two students besides Lorenzo. A young man, a brother of 
 Caldwell (Gourlay's son-in-law) who has been 18 months in our office, and i.', a sedate, attentive, 
 and, I e.xpect, useful clerk — and a son of the loud talking Pugsley, who is a wild fellow, and 
 whom I keep on condition of good behaviour. So far, he has not forfeited his engagements. If 
 Lorenzo remains with Mr. Van Buren, 1 will, with great iileasure, poy panicular attention to 
 him. He is digging away at Blackstone, which 1 shall permit him to continue until I get my 
 books from Sandy Hill ; then I shall set him about reading a course of history, and studying the 
 latin grammar. At his age, a knowledge of general history may be easily acquired. The mem- 
 ory, which is the principal facnliy eoneerned in its acquisition, is then vigorous and unburdened 
 by the various knowledge and the distracting cares of riper years, ffc is a very fine boy, and I 
 think will do well. Hi' has not the genius nor the energy of his brother, but at the same age is 
 miir/i his superior. (You may think this no great compliment to yourself, but pray remember 
 that you are one of those whose talent.s were buried mi bales of cotton and hogsheads of rum, 
 until dragged from obscurity by the " strong arm of the law.") 
 
 iVhrn Mr. Barker was at Siindy Hill, he offered to arcede to the terms I proposed when at 
 XfW York, or even to double them if necrssari/ — but 1 was not at Uhrrty to receive the benefit of 
 his good wishes. I now consider my.self pretty permanently settled at Albany ; and I think, at 
 all events, I shall never leave the law for Hanking or any other pursuit. I now feel the some ardor 
 and loudness for my profession that a lover does towards his mistress, after having been sep- 
 arated from her society. (By the bye, they f^ay you can nnderstaml the force of this simile, and 
 feel it too, when absent from New York. How is thia?'i Do let me see yon this summer. 
 And believe me, most sincerely your friend, B, F. BUTLER. 
 
 To Hoyt. T,aw—(.'hniircry Practice — Mr. Van Burcn and his morlsnge — the Albany folks. 
 [No. 41.] At,ba\y .Tuly 19, 1820. 
 
 Dear Fu'Exn, *'«*** We are boardin!"\t Mr .Tones,' directly opposite our office, 
 (Gilbert Stewart's house,) where wo have vi^ry pleatawt lodgings. Our departure from Sandy 
 Hill was s'l sudden, that we left all our furniture in the houiie, and for the present shall continue 
 to boMrd out. 
 
 As to businr'ss, I have emmgh to keep me very Inmy — chiefly in Cliancery — old and new. It 
 woulil be well enough were it not so long b( tore the cash was realized. But it nmst come some 
 dny or other. I think my expectations will not !)o di^iappointed. At nil events, as I told you 
 b?foro, I am for the Law and notiiing elgo— and I regret now that^Mr. "/an Buren ever thought 
 
 if" ■ 
 5 '• 
 
 ■M 
 
 i;r 
 
11 '. 
 
 I! I 
 
 
 ■»". ' 
 
 
 y ■'• 
 
 tS 
 
 160 THE AMET5ICA\ ERSKINE, MODEST LAWYER, AND MILD JT'Dr.E — ALBANV. 
 
 of leaving his profeasion, whinh you know waa what put it into my liead to leave him^ I think 
 I shall iHiikc my debut at Auijitst turni in the argument of some motions and cn«s. Thoii.^h a.-s 
 to the lust I am ratiier squuamisli. Mr. V. B. is certainly very desirous to assist me. He has 
 several iicavy causes ia wiiicii !\e insists on my speaking. 
 
 Hike Albany aUo.il as little u' vou do — and, with 'he exception of ii few persona who are <.';i. 
 thy 0) »«.(■/■/», havi •cry little t(. -^u' to the goodly inhabitants of this renowned metropolis. I 
 think the ea.sr"ni j.mto the most (^sngrecable of them. They are generally bigots in iinlitic!", 
 and ver» i <" ^j prejui'me anil fm-y, 
 
 I,.irnir/.o ifia very fine youth. 1 have got him at the Latin Grammar, in which he mal.c? tol- 
 er lb'.' progress. 1 shall pay particular attention to him. I have paid ,$1.2:1 for the order to the 
 Regisier, so that you owe me 25 cents. My compliments to Mr. Barker, &c. 
 
 Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 [No. 43.] To the same, Albany .Tuly 2G, 1820. 
 
 Dear Friend : I am about filing a bill to foreclose the mortgage held by Mr. Van Buren 
 agaiast the Kane property, to which Judge Livingston and Messrs. Blackwcll and McFarlano 
 must be partie.s. To avoid co.^ts in case they should disclaim, it is necessary to tender thom re. 
 lea-ie:;. I herewith send you (he releases, and if it is not too much trouble must call oi; you to 
 present them to the gentlemen above named, with an explanation of the object for which they 
 were prepared. I do not believe they will execute them, tho' they would save trouble if they 
 should. They will never get anything from the mortgaged premises, nor from any other of 
 Kane's property, and might as well release it. Nothing new. 
 
 Yours most cordially, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 To Hmji, vn struggling at the Bar — Judges like to dine — Van Buren the Erskine of America. 
 [No. -13 ] At.danv, August 9, 1820, 
 
 Dear Sir — Yours of the 5th went round by the way of Troy, so that I did not rei rive it until 
 this day — but, ns 1 had no opportunity to make the motion on Monday, no harm results. 
 
 I took my place in such a position as I supposed would ensure me a hearing, but unfortunately 
 there were some tedious fellows ahead of me who took up so much time that when my neighbour 
 ne,\t above me was reached it was just on the stroke of three ; and you know how eager our 
 Judges are for the comforts nf a good dinner. If I had not received yours^ I should have pro- 
 cured an order to stay proceedings. I hope you will not fail to stay widi us at .Toni's's while at 
 Albany, I shall not be able to accompany you to the Springs — neither time nor funds would 
 permit. 'I'he truth is, I am poor, and I mean to economize, and *»**»*[ should like to 
 join on a tour anywhere except to the Springs, of which I had enough last year. There is a 
 great deal of business this term, but a great part of it is small business such ns Certioraris', &c. 
 
 Your New York classmen are a troublesome race — perfect snarlers and marplots. Mr. V.m 
 Buren stands higher throughout the State than he ever did — witness the toasts at the various 
 celebrations. But if I were in his place I would trouble myself but little about the carpine.s of 
 such men as you name — they can do nothing without him. What would have become of the 
 opposition if it had not been for him ? I will say more — if I was Van Buren. 1 would let politics 
 alone. He can be and will be the Erskine of tho State, which is an ambition more laudable 
 than the desire of political preferment. He yesterday opened a cause in the .'•Supreme Court in 
 the most concise, elegant, and convincmg argument I almost ever heard. Believe me, 
 
 Yours truly, B. F, BUTLER, 
 
 To Iloyl. — Law tedious — Judge Spencer uncourtcuaif — Jhiller too forward, 
 [No. 44.] Tmi.''..-ay, 17th August, iH'iO. 
 
 My Dear Friend :**«*» The C^art gels along very slowly with 
 the Calendar. There are -iOO causes, and they begin tliis morning at 71. I have done nothing 
 morn than oppose a motion, in which I was successful — hut to-morrow expect to make some 
 provided I can get a hearing. I attempted it last week, but His Honor, the Chief, [meaning it 
 is presumed, Ambrose Spencer,] in his mild way, told me to wait until my se.viors had been 
 heard ; and as I was the youngest Counsellor at the Bar, perhaps this was right ; but it cxi.-ited a 
 great deal of observation among the bar, and is generally spoken of as not i^eri/ liberal nor 
 proper. 
 
 I really don't know how it is; but I am considered, by some persons, ax pof^ses/ted of a re- 
 mnr'^ahle degree of forwardness, i^c. if,c., merely because I am unwilling to rcuiain forever at 
 the foot of the professional ladder. However, if my life is spared, I shall grow older every day, 
 and therefore, sometime or other will be entitled to a hearing. 
 
 My 'auses on the Calendar, which are three, will not be reached this term. 
 
 Most truly yours, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 Fifty Dolla- Fees scarce — .Fudges Woodworth 4{ Spencer talked about. 
 [No. 45.] To Jisse Hoyt, Esq., Wall St. ALn.4.Nv, Oct. 12, 1820. 
 
 Dear Sir—l am happy to hear of your succesa — and liupo it may continue— $50 and $100 
 
 TTIE 
 
 fe>"- are not v 
 blill continue? 
 h's slow leng 
 
 — bir I have 
 Piou, 'i/ way, 
 the ^it..ides of 
 riii unothci 
 Woodworth i 
 
 [No. 4C. 
 Dear Sir : 
 Two very sta 
 Air. Sharp ag 
 The votes to. 
 not meet ye 
 ha.c not beei 
 
 To Jesse Ht 
 
 [No. 47 
 Dear Sir : 
 have been pr 
 No. 98. on il 
 tions — anon; 
 argued by M 
 any iniportai 
 before the C 
 two hours. 
 
 I was sorrj 
 
 ters, I hope 
 
 that indnsir), 
 
 Wc [Van I 
 
 ,/m/THt:h;: 
 
 that my pres 
 nir.kinE;, as 1 
 reap the ben 
 
 There is e 
 cateil the do 
 .\RUSIVE 
 
 I don't ihi 
 ing without, 
 tlicoHice of 
 
 I hope to 
 
 [To 
 
 [No. 4f 
 My Dear 
 as the exc'iti 
 very strikinf 
 given me ai 
 friends. Tl 
 an tci: ran d 
 hope a few 
 expres.«ions 
 were rather 
 sometimea 
 liealih, happ 
 
 [No. •! 
 
 Dear Ho^ 
 
 unable to w 
 
\ LEAN v. 
 
 re him I think 
 
 les. Tlion,7h as 
 iist me. He has 
 
 )nf> xDho am <• •, . 
 1 metropiilis. I 
 )if»<)ts ill j>.i',itic.'', 
 
 ch lie mal.ct lol- 
 thn order to the 
 
 F. BUTLER. 
 
 July 2G, 1820. 
 
 Mr. Van Buren 
 and McFarloiifl 
 tender thorn re. 
 
 ist cnll o\: you to 
 t for wliich they 
 
 vo trouble if they 
 
 roni any other of 
 
 F. BUTLER. 
 
 kine of America, 
 lugust 9, 1820. 
 ot ret rive it until 
 rni roHults. 
 hut unforliinnfely 
 icn my neij^hbour 
 w how eager our 
 
 should hnve pro- 
 
 •Toni's'g while at 
 nov fiiiuh would 
 I shoiild like to 
 year. There is a 
 IJertioraris', (fee. 
 rplots. Mr. Van 
 ists nt the various 
 tut the carpinss of 
 ■0 become of the 
 
 would let politics 
 [)ii more laudable 
 F'lipreme Court in 
 ieve me, 
 
 F. BUTLER. 
 
 oncard. 
 
 Au^'ust, IP'JO. 
 very slowly witli 
 lave done nothing 
 ct to make some 
 hief, [rneanini? it 
 SENIORS had been 
 ; but it e.X(;i'ed a 
 
 rcc// liberal nor 
 
 OKsesHed of a re- 
 rt'iiiain forever at 
 ' older every day, 
 
 F. BUTLER. 
 
 ihnut. 
 
 Get. 12, 1820. 
 —.$50 and $100 
 
 .■;t- 
 
 TTIE ORGAr.'I^iLu ConPS, liUCKTAIL COUNCILS, AND ENVIOl'ii LAWYERS. 167 
 
 fe»- nre not very plent- . [-m part of the country, at Irr' v . iin young lawyers. Our circuit 
 biill continues. juJ^^. ^. ■■• ■ Iwoi-'H v.. person and la buaines.s — " Like a wounded snuke. dragq 
 h*'< slow length along." ile nas f^iven very i;e:ierul dissauafaciion ihis court. * * » 
 *• ^ i'iic ciiy has been full id furmers, dec, these two days — at a cattle show 
 
 — but I have seen nothing of it myself Chief .luaricu Spencer delivered a spee';li on the oca. 
 pion, 'iy way, as I suppitue, of preparation for the period whcu '.-; mill be compelled to retire to 
 thi ifi,idcs of private life. « * * In hastf , yo .ri.-, iruiy, B.F.BUTLER. 
 
 'Ill another It aer, April, 1819, Mr. Butler tells Mr. iJoyl, that " 'i'he appointment of Judge 
 Vvoodworth is imiversally reprobated here ; without any e.\eeptions, except the Clintonians.''] 
 
 [No. 40.] To ITiiyt, on Noah {< on Caucus Nominations. Ai.uaxv, Nov. 7, 1820. 
 Dear Sir : At tin; ciiicus last ei'ening, Gri Republican nienibt'rs of Aseeinbly were present. 
 Two very staunch republicans absent — not yet arrived — so th;it wn fhall not lose a single man. 
 Mr. Sharp agreed on lor Spetikt r. Mr. Vanderhcyden for Clerk, 4.^) — to 23 for A. [Aaron] Clark. 
 Thf; votes to-day will bo unanimous, and every thing will go as ii oiigbt to. The Council did 
 not meet yestertbiy. Mr. Noah will attend to your letter — he takes great interest in it. I 
 hfi.e not been able to see cither Mr. B. or Mr. D. 
 
 In haste, most truly, yours, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 To Jesse Hoyt, Henry t^ Campbdl defeated — Van Buren !j Batlernot very busy Clinton's 
 
 alm.iire Megsagc. 
 [No. 47.] [per Counsellor Caines.] ^ Ai.banv, January 18, 1821. 
 
 Dear Sir : * '■ ' * * Wf liave had a very tedious .Session. Tlie Court 
 
 have been principally occupied with non-enumerated business, and have been able to reach only 
 No. 98, on the Calendar. Tlu'rc was no business of interest except some pretty important mo- 
 tittus — anoiig oihrr.-', a motion to (juash all our scir. fa. proceedings in Otsego, which was fuUv 
 argued by Mr. Canipbill antl Mr. Henry for, and myself against it. This was the llrst cause of 
 any importance I ever arttued in the Supreme Court, and this was the most interesting matter 
 before the Court. I made out tolerably well. I believe, and was heard very patiently for near 
 two hours. Till' motion will not be decided until ne.xt term. 
 
 I was sorry to hear troui you in no sombre a strain as that which perva(4ed one of your late let. 
 ters. I hope, however, that with the new year your prospects will rtn-ive — and I ha.-e no doubt 
 that industry and merit like yours will eiiinmaiid,as it certainly deserves, success. 
 
 We [Van I?nren & Biitlcrl are dtiMic hardly anv busine,ss — what we have is in CHANCERY 
 ,;„(/ 'I'HE EXI'ENSES ARK SO HEAVY AND THE PROCEEDS SO LONG IN COMING* 
 that my present hopes nre ronjined to u Inn' suhsistenre. The only coii.'^olation is thar I arn 
 nirkimx, as I think, stnne pro_L>re>H in protessional kiiowledL;e, of wliich one day or other, 1 inay 
 renp the benelit.s. 
 
 There is ev ;ry pro.-pict of u sloiniy scssitm. Tln' Oovernor [De Wilt Clinton,] has eoimnun;. 
 caied the docimients relative to THE ORO ANIZED CORPS, aeeompiuiied WITH A VERY 
 AnUSIVI'j MES.'^ACiE. This business trill injure hini greatly throughout the Union. 
 
 I don't think I shall be an epplicant for any iIiIul; this wint>'r — eortainly mif if I can "> * a liv. 
 uig withont, which I hope may be the ca;<e._ Mr. Esleeck is the mt;t( prominent candidate lor 
 tli!,'otiice of District Attorney, and feels contidontof success, and will probably be appointed, 
 
 I hopi! to see yon soon nt Albany, when we shall e.xpect you to stay with ns. * * ' # 
 
 With sincere regard, yours, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 [To J. IToiit]. The Pnrktail ('nunrll eery unpopular — Albany near a rebellion. 
 [No. 48.]^ Ale,\.\y, Fel.-y 20, 1821. 
 
 Mv Dear Friend — .... . I hope //<? CoM/ic;/ will .soon finish nil thev have to do 
 as the e.vciieinint produced by iheir labors is very great, and the difliculty of pleasing everybody 
 very strikintrly illustiiited. You will have seen by the time this reaches you, that they have 
 g:ivvn me an office — without any trouble or e.xertion on my part — or much on the part of niv 
 friends. 'I'he minor appoiiitiiieuts lor this city have given great dissatisfaction, fl/if/ // is as much 
 as li'i: ran do In kerp the peaple from open rtliellion. Of all this, howerer, say nothing— as I 
 hope a tew days of rcfleciiciii will conipofic the angry eleinents. To jiiilge from the violent 
 exprsssions of tho.se who are disappointed, one woultl think that our prosjieots for next Sprinc 
 were rather blank — bn> ynu know it is the grains of Democracy aUrays to be. impetuous md 
 sunietimes to be rash. I have only time i i say that you are always one of those for Wi.ose 
 health, happiness, and uiture prtj-jpeiity 1 teel the liveliest solieitutie, &c. &c. &,e. 
 
 B. F. BUTLER. ^ 
 
 A close Election — the Chances stated — Disaffection to the Bucklails. 
 [No. 49] To Jesse Hoyt, Ar.BA.w, March 3, ISSl. 
 
 Dear Hoyt : Havim' been engaged in a long and tedious Court of Sessions, I have been 
 unable to write you sooner. Notwilhstanding tiie dissali.^fuction which prevails m many narl« 
 
1 f 
 
 I' 
 
 n ^ 
 
 ^" 
 
 
 r. I ■ 
 
 ':»' :' 
 
 ft. 
 
 I6d 
 
 'the O.NLY IMPOUTi.'NT BUSINESS OF Utm LU'JCs' — HUMBUG. 
 
 of the state, 1 think wo have a fair chance of succes?. Dutchess is not yet to be abandoned — 
 Saratoga ia certain — lisacx ditto — Cayupa may ie hoped for — Genesee and Niagara promise 
 favorably — Ulster .md Sullivan may perhaps be lo?t hy ihe nomhiation of Sudani. There is 
 a faint proeperl of success in tlie new counties crtcted from Ontario. The other counties may 
 stand as they did last year, except Montgomery and Queens. In the former we have strong 
 hopes of electing our whole ticket. As to the latter, you have better means ot information than 
 I have. For my own part I set it down as again.st us. 
 
 It is not to be denied that dimiffection prevails in some counties, and indifference in others — 
 and as our adversaries will strain every nerve to the utmost, tliey vuiy secure ttie state. 
 
 In the Eastern District we shall elect our Senator, having a vwst nohle ticket, while the 
 Clintonians iiave a wretched one. Probably Seymour may be elected in the Western, liio' tiieiv 
 is not much hope of it. The election will be close, and some of our friends give it up, though 
 without sufficient reason. » « « * in haste, truly yours, K. F. BUTLER. 
 
 • To Jesse Hoyt, on Law, licligion, Edeaeev, the Court of Eirors, tfc. 
 
 [No. 50.] Alba.ny, April 2, 1822. 
 
 My Dear friend : I am glad to hear of your safe return from Washington, and have to thank 
 you for your letter from that place. I regret that you lost the opi)ortunity of arguing your cause 
 in the Supreme Court. It would have been a circumstance ecjually creditable to you, and grati- 
 fying to your friends, to have liad you come forward so soon after your admission to the bar, 
 in the first court, and against the highest law officer of the nation. 
 
 It is not at all surprizing that you should know how to appreciate our solicitude for * * * 
 
 * • * Our chief prayer is that she may be prepared for the clnsing nceae, thronnh 
 the Grace of her Crentnr and Judge. My dear friend, THIS, after all, IS THJ.; ONLY IM- 
 PORTANT BUSINESS OF OUR LIVES— a«(i every new instance of mortality admonishes 
 lit to set about it in due season, 
 
 I am much indebted to you for your attention to the troublesome business of my releases. I 
 do not care whether they are executed or not — the only object is to save costs by tendering them. 
 Enclosed is a list of all the judgment creditors of J. Ka'ne who have not released. Please 
 mark opposite to each, the names of those who are absent, and where, so that I may bring them 
 in bv publication. 
 
 The Court of Errors yesterday decided the cause I argued there (Manahan vs. Gibbons) in 
 favor of my clients, (Defendants,) 24 to 4 — a great triumph to me, and some little mortification 
 to Mr, Henry, who was uncommonly positive and sanguine. I have argued two, and have 
 several other causes to argue in tlie Court of Chancery. 
 
 Mrs. Butler desires to be uflectionately remembered by you and by Mr. Ward. No one 
 stands higher in her estimuiion than yourself. She thinks you the most ardent friend I have, 
 and therefore she feels for you as she ought to. I liopo to see you in May, but may be disap- 
 pointed, in haste, most iruly yours, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 [To J, Jloyt, at New York.] PuUtirnl sr/icming — fastructiuns how to keep Power from the 
 People — Noah told how to b/th<irv — efforts to elect Crawford. 
 [No. 51,] Ar.iiA.NV, Jan'y 2!), 1824. 
 
 My dear friend — The Electoral Law was to have been taken up in the As.eembjy to day * » 
 « » » *There is no doubt wiiatever that a majority think it inexpedient to pass the bill, 
 nnd yet they are so hampered by jjrcnialure commitments, and manii of them so uriaded by their 
 constituents, as to render it almo."' mornlly certain that they pass it in some shape or other. 
 Our reliance is on the Senate, and v,e still eutertam strong hopes that it will be rejected there 
 in whatever form it may come. Still, this is by no means certain, and the greatest caution 
 and prudence, as well as tlie, greatest firmness, are required in presentiTig the subject to the 
 Senators. We have not been, and are not, idle ; on the contrary, ifever men labored incessantly, 
 the 'Conspirators' nnd the ' Regency,' &,c., deserve that praise. **»»*» Malic 
 a suggestion to Mr. Noah, which I trust will not be improperly received by him. It is simply 
 to suggest that, for the presc;., the Advocate should not press the claims nor deseant on the 
 merits of Mr. Crawford. Wc ".ave in the two branches of the Legisl. aHout 105 members 
 who are thorough-gc-'i-': Caucus > icn. Of these a mnjoiity, beyond nil d( ubt, wonl.d prefer 
 the nomination of Mr. C;a« fi^rtl, tht remainder are for Mr. Ciay or Mr. Adams, tl)e sinnliest 
 number being for the I'.tfer. iV/W/.i h'ese men are hhIUiis to abide hy a CON(^iH|]SSIONAL 
 NOMINATION, it is 'i-eless to ortvo"; te the claims of Mr. Crawford to such a nomination, 
 t( being certain that if any is ir.i..le it wist fall on him. Besides, by pre.«sing the claims of 
 that gentlemm yim incur the risk of al imiinTr the i'eelings and encoimterin^ the opposition of 
 those firm and lion.-st men wi. > have tronc with ns nobly so far, and are willing to go with us to 
 the end, but who arc yet unaccountably wedded to Mr. Clay or Mr. Adams. And though I do 
 not believe they coul' be driver- from the resolutions they have concurred in, in favor of a 
 Caucus at Washing: .i, they may .ut be induced to give a warm support to the Electoral Law, 
 
 bUTLEl 
 
 if they becom 
 or that we an 
 the necessity 
 the utmost re 
 be time enoug 
 successful car 
 this ticklish 
 more general 
 number us, 
 ARE SO WE 
 
 If the meet 
 will not be ni 
 republican pai 
 well understot 
 service if it sh 
 to gain, and t 
 acter — but as 
 far with him f 
 
 I omitted tc 
 of Btirrites, 1 
 our best frieni 
 the Senate — i 
 and most hope 
 
 I have not \ 
 mentioned to 
 we are still m< 
 you, Your 
 I opened 
 
 Young nomim 
 
 [No. :.2.] 
 Dear Iloyt- 
 of the nppo.siti 
 yd persuaded 
 will see the t\ 
 It does not syi 
 iiiisunderstood 
 tlie next sessi 
 Rely u))on it e 
 
 [No. .'■)3.] 
 ;\Iy Dear Si 
 issuing ol' his 
 eomplislied. I 
 to execute a I 
 Eoun. 
 
 [No, 54,] 
 l)''ur ^lir — . 
 HauK of Platts 
 tlierel'ore " *^ 
 ers for a cons] 
 yesterday at o 
 court adjaurnt 
 Butler, .Mr. 1 
 
 To 
 [So. .W.j 
 My Dear S 
 .Inimary, as p; 
 ill liieiii, liuwe 
 Healtli." wbie 
 iil'KRATh'N'S //; 
 I'Ollfuieil It) (,', 
 
 Incessant (k 
 tion as a mem 
 
BUG. 
 
 to be abandoned — 
 1 Niagara promise 
 Sudani. There is 
 other counties may 
 cr we have suoiig 
 ut information than 
 
 Terence in others — 
 the state. 
 
 ; ticket, while tiie 
 Western, iho' tluMv 
 I give it up, though 
 B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 'S, if,C. 
 
 Y, April 2, 1822. 
 and have to thank 
 arguing your cause 
 e to you, and grati- 
 niission to the bar, 
 
 ifude for * » » 
 
 ing .tcenr, throiiph 
 
 THK ONLY IM- 
 
 ortnlily admonished 
 
 1 of my releases. I 
 
 by tendering them. 
 
 t released. Please 
 
 t I muy bring them 
 
 Imn vs. Gibbons! in 
 e little inorlification 
 lied two, and have 
 
 r. Ward. No one 
 dent friend I have, 
 but may be disap- 
 B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 7> Power from the 
 I. 
 
 Jan'y 29, 1824. 
 nibly to day * • 
 •nt to pass the bill, 
 tio goaded hy their 
 ne shajie or other, 
 ill be rejected there 
 he greatest caution 
 
 the subject to the 
 
 abored ince.«santlv, 
 
 * * * .Millie 
 
 him. It is simply 
 nor df'seant on the 
 Kiut 105 members 
 I ubt, would prefer 
 .dams, tlie smallest 
 )N(lKi:SrflO.\AL 
 such a noniinatiini, 
 
 ing the claim.s of 
 V^ the opposition of 
 ing to go with us to 
 And though I do 
 <1 in, in favor of a 
 the Electoral Law, 
 
 -I 
 
 UUTLER HOODWINKS TIIE BUCKTAILS — SETS UP YOUNG — UPSETS HOSACK. 169 
 
 if they become satisfied, either that their candidates have no chance of a Caucus Nomination, 
 or that we are determined to force the claims of Mr, Crawford. 8tick to principles ; advocate 
 the necessity of adhering to the old forms and established doctrinen of the party — and expresn 
 the utmost readiness to submit individual preferences to the decision of the Caucus. It will 
 bo time enough after the nomination, to defend and maintain the character and claims of the 
 successful candidate. **»«*»/ ahoitld think it injudicious to call meetings ori 
 this ticklish suhjcrl, citjwrially in the country, lohere the meetings from necessity would be 
 more general than with you, and where our opponents would ineritably outmanage and out- 
 number us. In your city, however, the line is so distinctly drawn, AND YOUR FORCES 
 ARE SO WELL ORGANIZED, that yon have nothing of that sort to apprehend. 
 
 If the meeting about to take jilace should not be more formidable than I think it will bo, it 
 will not be misunderstood here. Its proceedings will be considered as the voice, not of the 
 republican party, but of the supporters of Mr. Whenton and his colleagues, who are now very 
 well understood by the (;ountry members — and instead of injuring I think it would render us a 
 service if it should stand alone. * « « » * SiiH jt seems to me that we have nothmg 
 to gain, and much to hazard by giving to this subject any farther excitement of a popular char- 
 acter — but as Mr. Bowne knows perfectly the state of things here, your Committee should con. 
 fer with iiim fully before they adopt any course definitely. 
 
 I omitted to make another suggestion h)r Mr. Noah. It is not very serviceable to talk much 
 of Burritcs, Lcwiaitrs, uv the High minded. Several of the two former classes are hern among 
 our best friends ; and as to the latter, Sudani, Branson, and Wheeler, are as true as steel, in 
 ilie Senate — and Whiting, Hornier and several others in the Assembly are among our best 
 and most hopeful supporters in that House. 
 
 I have not written to 37r. Barker about his proposition as to voters for Electors. It has been 
 mentioned to several, but we doubt the power of the Legislature to pass it, and if they have it, 
 we are still more api'rehensive of its policy, for reasons which on reflection I think will occur to 
 you. Yours truly, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 I ojieued this letter to show to Judge S. [Skinner.] 
 
 Young nominated — the Oorrrnor's folly in going for the people — the Argus afloat — Barker's 
 
 Cunspirary Trial. 
 
 [No. :)2.] To Jesse Iloyt. Albanv, April 13, 1824. 
 
 Dear Iloyt — Political uflairs stand well. The nomination of Young has defeated the plana 
 of the apposition; and though I did what f ronld TO PREVENT I'lS NECESSITY, /am 
 yd persuaded, that, under all circnmstance.f, it is the best thing that could be dune. You 
 will sec the two addresses. To ours we have more than two-thirds of both Houses — and though 
 It doe.s not sjieak directly of the presidential (luestion, I think its tendency, i.*v:c., can hardly be 
 misunderstood. If matters go as we e.v|)ect, there will be a large majority for Mr. Crawford at 
 tlir ne.\t session. Indted it is very certain that lie has received a majority of both branches. 
 Rely upon it every thing will go well. Yours truly, 1], F. BUTLER. 
 
 [No. ^hi.] To Jesse Iloyt. Alisa.vy, June 5, 1824. 
 
 I\Iy Dear Sir — You have by this lime heard ibe consummation ot' the Governor's folly by the 
 
 iijsuiug of his proelanuiiion You will see that the ./Irffi/s business has been at last ac- 
 
 e'omplislied, I was obliged to becoinc responsible tor ilit- moderation of the New York paper, and 
 to e,\ecute a Bond of Indeumity, Sec. I have written to Hamilton for it. Do see that it is sent 
 soon. Yours ever, B. F. B, 
 
 [No, 54,] To Lorenzo Hoyt, Esi]., Albany. Nr.w Yoric, Oct. I, 1826. 
 
 D'-ur !>ir — .Mr. Heniy has gone home with an intention of preparing himself in the ease of the 
 Danit of Plattsl)urg at;ainst Levi Piatt, Wells, and others, (theaeeoimt cause;) I wish you would 
 therefore * ^ * « * [ hnwi' but a moment and few details ol the trial, [.laeob Barker and oth- 
 ers for a conspiracy to defraud.] must refer you to the papers. Tlu'y bring down tiie details to 
 yesteiday at one o'clock. In the afternoon and evening we had a fine time of it, and when the 
 court adjourned last night the cause was leti remarkably well for us. I send a paper for .Mrs. 
 Butler. .Mr. Barker has done wonders. Truly yours, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 To Iloyt, on tin' f.aw Ucrisers — ])r. Ilnsack upset — a successor to Talcotl. 
 [No. .'■),'■).] At.ti.vN'Y, Dec. U, 1827. 
 
 My Dear Sir — I cannot send you copies of the chapters that are to (loiiinicnce on the first of 
 January, as passed, as there are hut a few extra copies in i)riiit. * "^ * * * There is nothing 
 in ilieiii, liuwever, that etin interest or alVfct you. in New York, except Chap 14. "Of Public 
 Health," which mitigates the Quarantine Laws and uji.irts Dr. Hnsnrk. Chap. KS cuts up some 
 ''>i'KR.\Tio\Si tlint u.ied to be in rmatr, but it was so nlieved by the Legislature as to be entirely 
 I'onfiiteil to Ccirpornnoiis hmiifter rrentril or rruev^ed . 
 
 Incessant oeeiipaiion has rendered it impos-jible lor me to answer your kind letter. My situa. 
 tion as a member of the Assembly will reiulcr me ineligible to the office you speak of, iia ctise 
 

 170 
 
 MALE AND FEMALH POLITICIANS INTHICyiNG ABOUT OFFICES. 
 
 Talcott [Attorney General] should resign. [Sec the Constitution :] And even if not diaquali- 
 fied by iliut ciruiiin.-*iiince, I sliould be unwilling to withdraw my iiltention from the remuinder 
 of the Revision [ol ilie hi ws ol' N. Y.,] which v.-ill n^quire all my elloris for some montha to come. 
 I iiiUBL gel mat concern ml' my hands bt-tore 1 set up for any tliinjr else, tspecially if it recjuires 
 labor. I'hi'ie is, novvever, lutlo probiibility that ilif good people will sulier /or ui«/it of cai'di. 
 dates, in a case so .)i-uininent there uru jreneruUy t-iinngh to grasp for it. In haste, 
 
 Very sincerely you.s, D. F. BUTLER. 
 
 [No. 56.] To J. floyt, on ?iis claims on liisn over Ducr. Ai.ua.ny, March IDlh, 18^9. 
 My Dear Sir — I have not been able to furnish Chancellor Wnlworih with a copy of - 
 
 answer, my orignial copy iiavinij got into that celebrated reccptucle of Chancery pnpers, froiu 
 wliich nothing is ever to be wiihd.'-awn — the draw or businl baski t, (I don't know which.) of his 
 
 venerable predecessor 1 wish I hail lime to say somethinn of your lp.?t letter, but as 
 
 the hour for closing the mail is at i>and 1 must defer, and if I iMtr ilie whole matter wdl tumble 
 into Limbo, for 1 never can undertake to answer an old letter. You do me injustice in your 
 mode of stating the ca.se As between you and John Duer I never can iiesitatc. Yon s're not 
 oniy the oldest {vkiu\, hut must assuredly HAVfc: THE STROMGEST POSSIBLE CLAIMS 
 UPON ME — claims which 1 hope U> convince yuu I Iuiik not forgotten, andean netcr forget. 
 
 Mrs. B. continues to think illy not only of the Washington people, but of iiour argumeni.s m 
 its tavor. I shall submit the matter wliolty to her decision, though my judgment, not less than 
 my irvijuation, tells nie sie io wrong in t^onie of her objections — if not in all. 
 
 .Most truly yours, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 JSluher {like Mnrcy) to be saved from rnin, and made respectable. 
 
 [No. 57.] Watf.rforp. July 2G, IH3(I. 
 
 To Lorenzo Hoyt, Esq., Counsellor at Law, Slate Street, Albany. 
 
 My Dear Sir — When I 1 .ft this morning, 1 could not ascertain whether i\Ir. Kevuolds had re- 
 turned or not. If lie has nni retained. I musf get my cause po.-itponed, and return to assist Mr. 
 Ostrander before the Vice Chancellor to-morrow. Let me know l)y the first atage or mail for 
 Ballbton. 
 
 Notice should be given at the Post otTlce to send Mr. Van Buren'.'^ letters to Saratoga Sprinir,<. 
 Those you sent yesterday to my house are yet there. Will you see them sent bark to the Fo^t 
 Office properly directed? 
 
 Once more. Just as we left this m-irning, I heard that our excellent friend Mahor was dend 
 It occurred to me iiisfainlv thiii F. El. Strong was very well (]mliticd for the place of State Libra- 
 rian. IT WOULD SAVE HIM FROM RUIN', and make him a respectable livin.r ; and hur. 
 ing that, he would be a respectable man. I hc'X you to call on .Mr. Flagg, atid name him us a 
 candidate for whom I feel a deep inter! st ; al^io spottk to Mr. Cromwell and .Air. Phelps and Oliv- 
 ers. If it can be done, it will be a great nffiiir for Strong. Don't on.it seeinir Mr. Flatrsr. 
 
 Yours. H. F. BUTLER. 
 
 I\'>n/( — Judge Sutherland — D, B. Tallmadgv a .Successor to Duer, 
 [No. 58.] Mrs. U. F. Butler to Mr. J>-.-se Hoyt.] Ai.b.wy, December -llh, 1830, 
 
 My dear Sir: I u..; greatly obliired to you for sendrni; mc the pnper containing the nrticli' 
 " Albany Institute." I am very nuirh inclined to bflit-vi- tint the author of th-- addre.ss merited 
 the rebuke, not becatiso oin* fri'Mid (.iroswcll is mentioned in an honorable manner, but because 
 the who'e editorial corps were riot inaral'ied in the note. 
 
 If I had written thi: note, I should not Inve forsrouen Xodi — I would iiavc given him a hinli 
 place, for he is eeriainly entitled to rani,-, being King and Hi'^h Priest, &-j\ &.c., of the Jews 
 In his literary .«tore-lMu:'e, hf ha-i ammmiition of all i^oi'ls ; and altho' he is too fond of amusiiii,' 
 u» wiihsquihs, he c-ui, and does oce isicMnlly, send up a sky-rocket. I write in ureal haste, and 
 have only linic to ndd that I am ;i lone widdow yet — and tlint the very elements seem to conspire 
 to keep my low.ig lord uvviiy. Did you ('vi>r know such a continued spell of nnpleisatit 
 weaili i- .' Yours, very sincerely, HARRIET H. 
 
 59.] [private.] [Mrs. B. F. Builor to !\Ir. .fesse Hoyt.] 
 
 WAsni.MiTON-, I8ih February, I83I. 
 ;ir Sir — You must either wirk for Judge S, fSutherlandJ or yourself, if you do not 
 wi^^h Tallmaiige lo .net tin' ollice of D. A. [District Atiorney.] 
 
 Hi.s hrodiet wrrks like ^ C irt-H ir~e in tlie mntter, and things are workin.ii we'd for him. 
 Mr. ]]. [SJiiili':! only yielded to Judge S'.s el dm-i over yours, »h account of his (the Judge';s) 
 peoiU'irhf u'tpleat'int si/nation in n pecuniary puint of riew. 
 
 Doh'dp the Judge. The decision of the matter is to be left to the N. Y. Members — Repre- 
 Beinaijve" and Seiiatois — and thi'V are all preliy niich to a mun, committed to Tulliiindge, 
 
 ('teat haste, sincerely yours, H. R. 
 
 [\o. 
 
 Mv n- 
 
 A S] 
 
 Judi 
 
 [No. 60.] 
 
 My Dear Sir 
 that you have b 
 
 If Talhnadgi 
 (Vrrr d to the De 
 
 Su fiir as Pf 
 yimwillgine in 
 
 But it is a pit 
 the session. Y 
 and he will he i 
 
 PRICE, it is 
 they cannot ag! 
 [Idtnonds will h 
 
 I am happy t 
 kighter days th 
 
 I perceive by 
 
 .Vlr. Butler st 
 troubles of the t 
 lioai will be leai 
 I Here four lines 
 
 Don't be curi 
 u'Ai'f A my admit 
 
 The mail will 
 
 [No. CI.] Pi 
 
 My Dear Sir- 
 mid most heartil 
 yoli utter in then 
 III' the old federa 
 cause they foum 
 iinwarrantiible ii 
 
 As for myselt 
 .ME.\NS j~!i to 
 i'( cuuld get on 
 I'aney thinks w 
 / imi desirous 
 It best to dispen; 
 I'untrols it, we o 
 
 Come what w 
 us all into the 
 THE Bank, or 
 
 Jack 
 
 [Xo, »]•-). l-f 
 "'fhc Presidei 
 ot'Independeii 
 words left out a 
 
 [No. ()3.]- 
 " Mr. Taney 
 sidcration. Th 
 they may not 
 PROTEST, ct, 
 
 [No. 64] 
 My Dear Sir 
 my return to-da 
 his nrbitrntion. 
 
 I had noticed 
 me that the arti 
 
KICKS, 
 
 even if not diaquali. 
 froiik the remainder 
 line months lo come, 
 ecially if it requires 
 fur want of cai'di. 
 n h:isie, 
 D. F. UUTLKR. 
 
 rliirch 19th, 18^9. 
 
 It a copy of 's 
 
 hnncery pnpers, from 
 know whicli.) of liia 
 )ur If.st letter, hut as 
 ,e m;nter will tumble 
 le injustice in yuur 
 siintc. Yon I're not 
 DSSIBLE CLAIMS 
 (/ can iiivcr /urge', 
 i( fiojir argnnienis u\ 
 j^nieiit, not less thiiii 
 II. 
 B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 ctahk'. 
 
 jRP. July2C, 1H3(I. 
 
 Mr. Rpvuolds had re- 
 I rot urn to tissiht Mr. 
 irst btagf or mail for 
 
 ; to oaratogii Spriniis. 
 srnt bark to the Po^t 
 
 end Malior was drml 
 place of State Libru- 
 aiile livinff ; and htir- 
 ■x, and name him as ;i 
 d ,Mr. Phelps and oih- 
 inu: Mr. Flairs:. 
 B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 o Durr, 
 
 ec.-mb.'r llli. 1830, 
 "ontninina; the artifh' 
 )f \\w address nu-rited 
 manner, but because 
 
 avc given liim a higli 
 t.c. iSli"., of the .lews 
 < t^)o fond of amusins; 
 iie in ureal haste, and 
 nents seem to conspire 
 id spell of nnple isant 
 HARRIET It. 
 
 .•t,] 
 
 ^tli Fehniary, 16,'J I. 
 
 yourself, if you do nut 
 
 inji well tor him. 
 
 t uf his (the Judge's) 
 
 Y. Members— Repre- 
 ed to Tallinadjie. 
 urs, H. B- 
 
 A SHR FKD. IN THE CADINET — AN AKTFTL PATl,\SITE UNCLOAKED. 
 
 171 
 
 .•^• 
 
 Judse Edmonds and Paupcriam — Price to gel the Office— Hoy t's troubles. 
 
 [No. 60.] [Mrs. B. F, Butler to Mr. Jesse Hoyt.] WASHtNOTON, Feb. 24, 1834. 
 
 My Dear Sir — I can only say in relation to the office whicli was the subject of a former letter, 
 that you have become a caridi.iate too late in the day for any hopes of success. 
 
 If Tallmadtfc and Sniherland are set aside, as is very likely they will be, if the matter ia re- 
 iVrrcd to the Delenaiion, / think ^[r. Edmonds will succciil. 
 
 So fur as PAUPERISM is a qiialijica lion and recommendation to the favor of party, surely 
 miwilleii^ein io THE LAST NAMED PERSON. 
 
 Bar if is a piiy, if you really want the office, that you diil not say so at the commencement of 
 i!if session. You may aa well, however, write to GambrelenEr, who I hear is committed for you, 
 and he will be able to tell you all the dilHcultifs about the affair. 
 
 PRICE, it is thouirlit by Mr. B. [Butler] will be the person the delegation will unite upon, if 
 •hey cannot agree not to disa^'rec upon either of the first named persons — but I am of opinion 
 Rilinonds will he the man. 
 
 I am happy that yna can talk so cheerfully of your misfortunes. I hope that you will y»t see 
 brighter days thnngh. 
 
 I perceive by one of your letters you are getting to be quite an old man. 
 
 .Mr. Butler slill eoutinuea strong in the faith (.laekaonism) and thinks that all the political 
 troubles of the day are neces.^ary to the purification of the body politick. That lessons of wis- 
 (ioai will be learned now (and learned by heart) that will do men good. 
 ,Here four lines of the lady's .MS. are carefully erased. She adds — ] » 
 
 Don't be curious to know the above — it only showed n Little of the old leacen of Federalism, 
 \ehich my admission to the Cabinet cannot or has not yet, covered. 
 
 The mail will close and 1 must haste. Sincerely yours, H. B. [HARRIET BUTLER.J 
 
 Down with the United States Bank, but we may want another. 
 
 [No. 61,] Private. [To Jesse Hoyt, Esq,] February 24th, [18.34.] 
 
 My Dear Sir — I thank you for all the news ihiul enough most of it) in your several letters— 
 and most heartily concur with you in all ilio censures and ihree-fourths of the abstract notions 
 yoii utter in them. As for supposing that Newbold, George Griswold, Stephen Whitney, or any 
 111' the old federal commercial men, were with its on this occasion, for any other reason than be- 
 i-;iiise they found it for their interest to go with us, I never lor one single instant had such an 
 (inwarrantable idea. 
 
 As for myself, / Arn-p ^KVER doubled that THE PRESENT 7Jrt«A: ought U* BY ALL 
 .ME.\NS.,.f:j lo be put down — but, on the other hand, I hare never been perfectly satisfied that 
 n could ^rt on with the banincss of the country without SOME SUCH AGENT. But Mr. 
 I'aney thinks we can, and O^/fc is the judge. Mr. Gallatin also once told me we could — and 
 I mn desirous TO TRY IT ; because if we caii get on without any of this machinery, I think 
 it best lo dispense with it, for it idways has been, and always will be, abused, no matter who 
 i.uiitrols it, we or our enemies. 
 
 Come what will, we must adhere to the Pres't policy FOR THE PRESENT, even if it sends 
 ns all into the minority. It would be better to go ten years into the minority than torecharter 
 THE Batdi, or make a new one inTNOVV. Truly yours, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 Jackson's Proclamation and Protest — American difficulties with Franci . 
 
 [No, fiO.]— Extract of a letter, B. F. Butler to Jesse Hoyt— dated Albany, Dec. 14, 1832. — 
 " The President's Proclamation has electrified our whole community. Next to the l.'eclaratioii 
 
 of Independence, it is the most p state paper our country's have produced." [The 
 
 words left out are torn off the original.] 
 
 [No. 63.] — E.vtract of a letter from Cutler to Hoyt, dated Washington, June 29, If 34. — 
 " Mr. Taney and myself were nominated this morning ; Mr. Stevenson is also yet under con- 
 sideration. Thev are very furious in their attacks on Stevenson, and it is bv nn means certain 
 they may not call for information about MY SUPPORT OF THE PRESIDENT IN HIS 
 PROTEST, t^c, in which event Mr. Wright is authorized by me to speak stiougly." 
 
 [No. 64] Same to same. Stuvvesant, October 1st, 18,34. 
 
 My Dear Sir: I have just received your letter of the 27th, which I found at mv father's, on 
 my return to-day from Hudson, where I have been for the purpose of aiding our friend Blunt in 
 his arbitration. 
 
 I had noticed the information from France, this morninc at Hud.^on, and it liad occurred to 
 me that the article in the Times, was a judicious coinmea' upon it. Indeed I think it very certain, 
 
 ,. 4 
 
 • I' 
 
 \U 
 
 n 
 

 17"J iRouiii.tj Willi rnAiNci: — . alksjon fikku ai — butler un banking. 
 
 ihut the clniuur which ha^ cxibtcd in tliui cuiiiitry aguiiiHl (he udininibtraliuii, for tlie last eight 
 inonths, hus reolly hiul its iiiHiiencu on the Frencli Chnmber. And there is us httle reason ii, 
 doubt, that the op|iositioii will o))poHe iiny coercive iiieusureb which the PrcBident may recommend 
 and by their t'uctiuuii couriie pueijibly give thiii matter hucIi u direction as to produce very eeriuii^ 
 «;niburra.>8iiient. 1 have, however, lull confidence that liie subject will be well weighed by ih,; 
 President anil his advisers : and that liie course he may determine on will meet the approbuiiun 
 und support of liie country. 
 
 1 liave not thiinked you us I ou>^lit to have doni' for your letter in relation tu Patterson. (i|, 
 receivini^ it, I wrote him, iflliiig liini wliire 1 was und should be, and a few days ago 1 reccivtil 
 $1500 from him, with a very proper letter and a promise to send the balance in u few weeks. 
 
 It was my intention to have lelt this place to-day or to-morrow for VVas^liington, but Mrs. B. n 
 neither well eiiouf^h to go with me, nor to be left behind. I shall therefore remain till next wee!;, 
 when, if she is suHicieiitly recovered, (as 1 hope she will be,) Mrs. 13. will accompany nie. \i 
 pructicnble, I shall endeavor to see you on my way dosvii, and at all events on my return aliuut 
 the '2'2d of October. The Democracy of your ciiy have taken a course which does them iuHuiie 
 honor, and must secure them success. With kindest regards to Mrs. II., I am, as always, 
 
 Very truly yours, B. F. BUTJjER. 
 
 /.aw — Office — .lacksuti's escape. 
 [No. 65, J [To Lorenzo Hoyt, Ksq., Counsellor at Law, Albany.] 
 
 Wasiii.nutdn, February 13, 1835. 
 
 My Dear Sir: I ought long since to hnve ueknowlcdged the receipt of your letters on iht 
 Rail Roiid ca?c, &c. Till the 10th or I5lh of .March, I sliiill be incessanily occupied — and evm 
 if 1 had Mr, Van Vecliteii's opening, euuld not prepare the answering brief. But if you will 
 get and seiul me the points! anil aiiiliorities on the otlirr Hide, which we are entitled to, as thtv 
 demur, 1 will prepare th'' ai;:;uMR'iit on our ji'irt, as soon as I get out of the Supreme Court. J 
 picsutiie I shiill be able to uitend the Albany Circuit, as it is altered to April. 
 
 Our friend Cliaddeii is rather hard on me. 1 told him e.vpressly that Mr. Wiibeck wouii 
 expect to be re-appointed ; iiiul, if not, that it would belong to Columbia county, as the other ui.. 
 has always been given to (iieene county. 1 have also received a letter from him ; and, ns auw; 
 as f can get lime, will write him. 
 
 You may well say that ilie President's escape was providential. 1 was walking with Major 
 Donnelson, und just behind tJuveriior Dickenson and Major Kavy,* who were ne.\t to the Prt'.«i. 
 dent and Mr. Woodbury — Forsyth and Casa being both .'ibsent — and though 1 heard both e.V|)!i>. 
 sions, did not see the |)oor wieteh till he was seized. .My own impression, at the moment, \v;is. 
 that the i)ibiols had been discharged — the reports being ([uite loud — and for an instant, I feanj 
 the President had been wounded, but soon discovered that to be a mistake. It was, as youniav 
 well conceive, a nioinenl of great e.xeitement. We are all well. 
 
 Very truly, yours, B. F. BUTLER. 
 
 [No. 6G.] To ./. ffuiit, on .l(irlisiin''s Caution and Forhcarance. VV^asiiinotun, Nov. 2C, IMli 
 My Dear Sir : The President continues to improve, and by Monday iie.\t, I trust, will be ublr 
 to resume the transaction of business, though it must be with great caution and furbearanct- 
 qualilics for which he is nut rcntarkahlc — und hence the real danger of his eoiidilion. 
 
 Though we have not the precise returns of any one of the niissiiii; Slates — yet there is no rensiii 
 to doubt the election of Mr. Van Duren. Have not Virginia and North Carolina done noblv" 
 
 Truly yours, B. F. BUTLER, 
 
 To . [loyt, on Banking and Barker — Opinions change. 
 
 [Nr,. i}l. W'asiiinoto.v, January 25, 18.37. 
 
 My Dear Sir : 1 thank you for the loan of your pamphlets, and still more for not exposinsjini' 
 to the public. The pert'onninu'*, according to my recollection ol'it — for I have not yet IikiIii : 
 t!irou!;h ii — was n very jejune cue; and besides, was so niueh mixed up with Mr. Barker's a- 
 fairs, as to prevent it tVom hf ini: regarded in any other lii.tht than as a plea for them; and as tlit<i 
 went by the board, the public will be apt to conclude that the doctrine of the writer must Imvc 
 been bail. In some respects, al.so, I siiould no donl>t find it necessary to modify, and in otluT?, 
 perhaps, to change altogether, the sentiments expressed. Sir, who is there that, on sidtjerts o! 
 this sort, [Washington and Warren, I'lrker's Fi.\elinn!ie, and similar Banks, it is presumed,] tldi- 
 nut change his' niiiul more or le.'^^ in the course of niiirteen year? — especially if they come lii'- 
 tween twenty. two and foriy-one? T mean to examine the thing with some care, and possibly I 
 may he willing ihnt some pnssnges of it should be quofed — but my present impression is, tlia; 
 I had better leave it alone. [The rest of the letter is abiuit Coil's fire-tirms.] 
 
 Yours, truly, D. F. BUTLER. 
 
 ♦OrPiley 
 
 rLAGt 
 
 Fla, 
 
 [No. 68. 
 
 Dear .Sir : 
 anticipated it 
 were to take 
 an intimatior 
 Ironi the dem 
 mage, assumi 
 headed friend 
 plied, that he 
 !.|i()uld be sen: 
 iuoting. Mr. 
 the same fooi 
 " thinks I to i 
 
 SiNci; riij; i 
 
 P. S. Droji 
 
 I No. 6y.j 
 
 Sir : The c 
 about 70. W 
 
 A letter fro 
 ticket. 
 
 A person \ 
 will be electCL 
 
 Returns art 
 this letter ; if 
 ticket. Last 
 Ilamiltou '21^ 
 plank, (Ilcp.) 
 
 Butler's iiiaj 
 
 [No. 70.J 
 Dear Sir: 
 gratitied with 
 before the N. 
 tied that mat 
 ing of the Cc 
 House, ind 
 agreed upon 
 agreeable to 
 He was mist 
 The strong 
 entire unaiiii 
 The delcg 
 the interests 
 The politii 
 a candidate 
 son and Van 
 
 Seidell consi 
 
 [No. 71 
 My Dear 
 they ought, 
 praised tor 1 
 You neeil 
 they are hot 
 understandi 
 and signs v, 
 such capaci 
 
BANKING. 
 
 ion, for the last eight 
 is us little reason i,, 
 lent may recommend, 
 produce very seriuui 
 well weighed [jy i\i,. 
 meet the approbution 
 
 on to Patterson, (ji, 
 w clays ngo I rectivtd 
 ice in u few weeks. 
 mgton, but Mrs. B. u 
 remain till next week, 
 
 ueeonjpany nic. ]| 
 ts on my return abum 
 ich (Joes them infimie 
 I am, as always, 
 
 B. F. BUTJ.ER. 
 
 February 13, 1835, 
 if your letters on the 
 ly occupied — and evm 
 )rief. But if you v,:j 
 
 re entitled to, as ihc 
 lie Sii])ienie Coun. 1 
 jril. 
 
 Mr. Wit beck wouj 
 uunty, as the other u:... 
 rom him ; and, ns aw,: 
 
 as walking with Major 
 were ne.xt to the Presi. 
 1,'h 1 heard both e.vpk.. 
 1, at the moment, was, 
 for an in.stant, I fearw 
 e. It was, as you may 
 
 B. F. BI'TLER. 
 
 3T0N, Nov. 2(1, IKKi 
 
 .\t, I trust, will be ablf 
 ion and furlcarana— 
 is condition, 
 —yet there is no rensi ii 
 ,'aroliim done noblv" 
 B. F. BUTLER, 
 
 <>, January 25, 18.37. 
 
 ro for not exposing mi' 
 
 I have not yet look'l 
 
 with Mr. Barker's ai- 
 
 for them ; and as //«» 
 
 the writer must linvi 
 
 modify, and in oilier?, 
 
 I're that, on Bubji-ris d 
 
 s, it is presninod,] ddi- 
 
 ially if they come W- 
 
 nc care, and possibly I 
 
 ent impression is, tlm; 
 
 IIS.] 
 
 D. F. BUTLER, 
 
 FLAGti tOEllCINU THE ELEcTUUo — SEtDEN, V. BUUEN k THE OLD HERO. 173 
 
 Flagg to J. Jloijl, on Speaker Crulius, UenH Tallmage, and the Electoral Law. 
 [No. 68.J ^ Albany, January Ihh, 16:24. 
 
 Dear .Sir: Your letter was handed tome the inornine after the Caucus. I had however, 
 anticipated its contents in the course taken in Caucus. Your seven evil geniuses fancied ihey 
 were lo take the country democrats by ilie Imnd and lead on a line dance, but we gave them 
 an intimation, that inasmuch as iliey came from u seaport, they must show u regular clearance 
 lioni the democrats of that pori, or be regarilcd as political pirates. In the Caucus, Mr. Tall- 
 mage, assuming the ;;roimd of an old democrat, said he could not bear to see his aged, grey 
 headed liiend, (Croly.) turned out. They had walked together in the reform path, <Stc. 1 re- 
 plied, that lie spoke li-eliiigly — it was iiatmal that he had a symi)athy for his old friend, and 
 should be sensitive on account of his removal, for thcij Lath stood upon tliis floor upon the sainr 
 footing. Mr. Tallmagc corrected me as to the tact, and said he did not by any means stand upon 
 llie same looting wiili the genllemim from New York. A pretty compliment to his iriends, 
 " thinks 1 to myself." 
 
 .SiNCK riii; I'A.ss.MiK (IF MY Ki.MOLi rio.v, TIllO " PEOPLE" iiAvii ulln A's uiiet as lambs. 
 
 Yours, &.C., A. C. FLAGG. 
 
 P. fc>. Drop us a i'ew Imdvr lines now and then. 
 
 Flaac; to .1. Jluiit, on Yonnp;, Butler and the Elections. 
 
 I No. G9.J Albanv, 4 o'clock, November 7, 1827. 
 
 Sir : Tiie canvass of tlie 5th ward gives Butler 75 majority, the other two of our Assembly 
 .tbout 70. Warren not less than HO. 
 
 A letter from Watcrvliet yesterday, says 200 votes polled that day, and two to one for our 
 ticket. 
 
 A person who left Saratoga Springs yesterday, says it is probable that the Jackson ticket 
 will lie elected ; .Samuel Yoiin:; opjiosiiig the regular nomination, as he understood. 
 
 Returns are momently expected from the oilier wards ; if received the result will be given in 
 this letter ; if not ycni may rely upon several hundred majority in this city for the Republican 
 ticket. Last year it was several hundred the other way. In the 2d ward Butler has 352. 
 Ilamiltoii 270. Seventy-three iiiMJonty over Hamilton, and 148 majority over Dorman. Ver- 
 plank, (Ilcp.) has one majority over Iliimiltim, and Siaats (JO over Dorman. 
 
 Butler's majority in the city over 150 — Warren's will be 500. A. C. FLAGG. 
 
 Flags to lloyt, on Seldcn, Van Durtn and the Convention. 
 [No. 70.] Alba.-«v, March 26, 1832. 
 
 Dear Sir: You will have seen the proceedings of the Convention, and will, I doubt not, be 
 gratilied with the general results. Bovvne had been tlic prominent man for a State delegate 
 before the N. Y. delegaiioii arrived, and a majority of the delegation agreeing upon him, it set- 
 tled that matter at once. Your city delegation was kept back uniil nearly the hour of the meet, 
 ing of the Convention — and Selden and a few mischievous spirits among your meinbe'-« of the 
 House, iiiduecd your ilelegaiion to believe tlu't some contrivances adverse to the ^ ty were 
 agreed upon here, and ihai lliey would have delegates forceil upon them who would not be 
 agreeable to them — and Seidell did all in his power to throw the Convention into confusion. 
 He was mistaken in his men, and only made himself appear factious and foolish * * » # 
 The strong vote of the Convention rebuked the factionists, and all things went off with the most 
 entire uniinimity, both in the Conimittees and the Convention. 
 
 The d(.'legaies to Baltimore, I have no doubt, form a tmit in regard to any measure to promote 
 the interests of Mr. V. B. and the Old Hero. 
 
 The political affairs of this State never looked fairer — there is some diversity of opinion as to 
 a candidate ibr Gov., which will be settled at the Herkimer Convention — and the names of Jack- 
 son and Van Buren will get a triumphant vote and bear down all opposition. 
 
 Yours truly, A. C. FLAGG. 
 
 Selden considers Calhoun the dupe of somebody behind the curtain — Chancellor McCoun's 
 
 chances. 
 [No. 71.] Dudley Selden, Esq., to .Tesse Hoyt, Esq., N. Y. 
 
 My Dear Hoyt: My friend's leiieia have not, perhaps, been answered as soon as he thinks 
 they ought, but I have not been able to read tluMii yet, and a man is certainly entitled to be 
 praised for his punctuality who makes his return to a letter as soon as he has perused it. 
 
 You need not endor.se " confidential" on any of the communications to Livingston orStilwell; 
 they are both in my room as soon as the" break your ncals for the purpose of obtaining a full 
 nn deist and inrr of the contents. Thev en.r.not imagine how I can unravel the mysterious marks 
 and signs with such rapidity : the triith is, I do not, but make a letter for you as I go along, of 
 such capacity and merit as would seem suitable to come from a maa of your understanding. If 
 
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 174 CALHOUN UtTPEP — THE LOBBY — FLAGG & PHELPS ON FREE BANKING. 
 
 you cannot read this j'ou may do the same thing. My time has been very much occupred in 
 the committee ; you slnl) have a report it' you will engage to read it ; and let me say to you 
 that it is spoken very w- II of. 
 
 On reading Calhoun's correspondence, I made up my mind very soon that he had been the 
 dupe of sonic poor devil behind the curtain, and had exhibited most egregious folly in being 
 caught. Your successful competitor for a high place, seems to have been the most conspicuous 
 man in hringinir up this by. gone transaction ; and I am glad that Mr. Van Bureii, like the high- 
 spirited horse, has shaken the dew from his mane and exposed the rogue to be taken. No news 
 here. Your kind efforts in favor of D. D. &. II. are duly appreciated. I felt satisfied that in 
 sending me the little pamphlet your whole object was the public good. So is mine, and I will 
 if I can give the rascallv speculators upon time a thrust under the short ribs. 
 
 Yours, truly DUDLEY SELDEN. 
 
 McCoun hangs heavy in the Senate, I know not why. As soon as 
 withdrew (and so I read his letter to the Chancellor) I have aided him all I could. 
 
 Cutting to Hoyt, on Bank measures and the " Lohhy Whons." 
 [No. 72.] Albany, January 5, 1836. 
 
 My Dear .Tesse : I send you [an] extract from the Albany Argus. You will perceive that our 
 friend Charles takes the true stand ; and, with his iiivinuihle popularity, will add strength and 
 currency to Democratic niensiircs, in coniracli^tiiictiun to the federal viuvvs of certain leaders at 
 Old Tammany. (.let the Post to republish tliein ; and, if ynii. run, let them say a vmrdor two for 
 Charley, I suppose the Timrs will not republish, but as it is a matter of generiil interest just 
 now, thf Courier might copy it, in order to inform its ii-aders that ic is probably a useless ex- 
 pense to keep any Lobby VVhores this winter. Yours, in haste, F. B. CUTTING. 
 
 Thad. Phelps on Free Bunking — Swenring on paper. 
 [No. 73.] Mr. Thaddeus Phelps, (of Park Place. New York,) at Albany, to Mr. .Tesse 
 Iloyt, at New York, [April 29, 1836.] 
 
 " Dear Hoyt : Wc arrived this morning and have already accomplished wonders. Our in- 
 fiuence has already made six Banks in the House, (no fear of the .Senate,) and by to-morrow 
 night there is vi ly little doubt we shall have made twenty or thirty more. You fellows who are 
 in favor of the Erpealvrs, may all now go to Hell in yoin- own way. Consider your restraininc 
 
 law repealed. Consider me a inirtiier in a Banking Company — I put in 2,000,000 Call oil 
 
 John Ward for the money. No more at present — your loving friend, 
 
 'THADDKUS PIIRLPS. 
 Arrived on Mondiiy morning. og April. 
 
 Monroe has sent in his allegiance— and the Native American party. May 
 
 go to the D — 1. Boat off. 'j[\ p >» 
 
 Flags on Free Banking, addressed to J. Hoyt. 
 
 [No. 74.] AT,nA\Y, .Tulv 27, 1836. 
 
 Dear Sir : I have received your letter of the l.'itli, and fully appreciate the .mportance of taking 
 hold of the Restraining Lmw, as you mention. Your letter camo while I was attending a meet- 
 ing of the Caiinl Board at Piiea, and I have this afternoon returned from a meeting of the Trus- 
 tees of Union College. I liiive thus been prevented from answering your letter, or attending to 
 its suggestions. In duo time I will have sonieiliing done. The ipiarrels about the Banks of 
 last session, will aid in pushing forward this jiiiit measure, if taken in proper time. The great 
 mass of the Democratic papers in the state are sound on this point, and will co-operate with 
 Zeal and efficiency. With much respect, your obedient servant, A. C. FLAGG. 
 
 Fliigg to J. Hoyt, on Banks, Paper Dollars and Log Rolling. 
 
 r'N'^; 75-1 .Ar.iiANv, October 3, 1836. 
 
 Dear Sir: The repeal ot the reslraininij law, so far a.s lo allow offices of Discount and Dc. 
 posite, is universally assented to by town, county, district, and state conventions. To this extent 
 
 *nn refpreiKe fotlie NY. Kvenin? Post ofHept. 19, TKtO, it will lie spen. tlmt n public meetiiiff wns held In New 
 Yiirk nn thp 2..lh nt .April, lour ,U\» bpf.ir.i the (hitp of Mr. riieips's nnle. (ifwiiicli Sle|ilien Allen win therhiiir- 
 mv.n nm! .I.^sve llnvt the Sporoii.rv, !inM tliiit n f'nnimillee wns iip|uiiiilc,l in -ulilross tlin pnl)licin l'iv(ir of rppenlin" 
 part (if Ihp rc«tr(iinin>.' law. Tlii« rommillpf- issnpH in adilrpss on the tyili of Peptemlier, Bslilntr '• rnn there ho ii 
 mure ivriniiirnl pxernneol pnwpr iii iinv tf>nprnment, tlmn is here inaMilosfPil In an net emiiniiHn" from n ficpnhli- 
 can lesislatnrc V' Tho law. iiplipl.l „s it hm\ heen liv the piirlv lor nninv veiir». was rlenouncp.ras "n Imrefaced 
 inon.ipiilv, anil Ihp address ■■lijiicil hv Thaililcin Phelp,-;, I). M. Tnllniadue, Siiiil .Alloy VV H I,nwrenre Ste 
 phfn .Alien nnd .Ip:...- Mnvt, ,.» thp (\..nmlttcp. TImt Hoyt uud Allen's ol.jccl was to try a new scheme tomake 
 niKney oat of tlie puulic is very evident. 
 
 ? ■ .V ' 
 
 175 PLAGG, 
 
 a law can be i 
 
 without limit tl 
 and those who 
 can open the w 
 king the currt 
 .sniali bills, tlit 
 After the fette 
 succes-sful ex|ii 
 anil as " tl-i bu 
 nil banks, utile 
 the lobby) will 
 placed by a de 
 business and tl 
 
 [No. 76.] 
 My Dear Si 
 rather the rept 
 will bo expect! 
 matters too ci 
 the electors fn 
 you expect, as 
 write yourself 
 who will be al 
 I am, V 
 
 Ylitgg on Frei 
 
 [No. ',!.] 
 
 To Jesse II 
 
 not seen the p 
 
 peal of that pa 
 
 to see achieve 
 
 connected wit 
 
 After this i; 
 
 hanking, to is 
 
 the present m 
 
 It has been 
 
 stitutionully : 
 
 poiation. A 
 
 *f!overniir M 
 holders of lian 
 laeiidi'd i.r'.'niiiz 
 lliriiii^'li .Mr ll> 
 bunks, in llip I'n 
 
 (Fniiii Marry 
 tlio I'lriMilatin^' 
 rcslraiiiN iinpns 
 hi> fri'i|ni>iil and 
 i'iinnlrle,s whi-ii 
 a'laiiiiii 'if oi|iii 
 rohainni^' law, 
 111;,' di^i;<Miiil>, \> 
 
 it is the c«SL'i 
 |iu?!iC8>i>in. Iiiit 
 the |iiililli' n':li 
 c'liart or niiitiii 
 Iriiiii a ^triin;; a 
 self lli.it any si 
 thp Cdininiiiiily 
 lievpd. in a ilc- 
 thun til Parry i 
 
 'I'lipre is mill 
 •iiirp a liij;li dp; 
 
 'I'lie reslraini 
 rinl favor In lli 
 is I'.onslaiillv p> 
 ho opinio III I 
 perullve, llipy s 
 >ilary spnlinien 
 liedienpy, is ii i 
 
BANKING. 
 
 much occupred in 
 let me say to you 
 
 at he had been the 
 0U8 folly in being 
 le most conspicuous 
 Juren, like the high- 
 le taken. No news 
 felt siitisfied thatiii 
 ) is mine, and I will 
 
 LEY SELDEN. 
 could. 
 
 ea." 
 
 January 5, 1836. 
 I'll! perceive that our 
 11 add strength and 
 of certain leaders at 
 ay (I viord or tv)o for 
 geiipr.il interest just 
 ubabiy a useless ex- 
 B. CUTTING. 
 
 \lbany, to Mr. .Tesse 
 
 1 wonders. Our in. 
 ,) and by to-morrow 
 You fellows who are 
 sider your restraining 
 I 2,000,000— Call on 
 
 DRUS PflELPS. 
 29 April, 
 ncrican party. May 
 t. P." 
 
 vv. .Tuiy 27, 1836. 
 
 .niportance of taking 
 'as attending a treet. 
 meeting of the Trus- 
 etter, or attending to 
 i about the Banks of 
 er time. The great 
 
 will co-operate with 
 A. C. FLAGG. 
 
 ins- 
 
 , Orfnher 3, 1836. 
 iif Disconnt and De- 
 ions. To this extent 
 
 meetiiiff wns lielrl in New 
 lien i\\\en wiis llieriinir- 
 ililtrin llivor e>f r("|ienling 
 r, askinff '• pan there he a 
 niin.iiinT from n liepiihli- 
 loimi-ed IIS "n hiirefnced 
 r. VV. K I,nwrenre, Ste- 
 ry u new scheme to tniike 
 
 175 PLAGG, iroVT & MARCY WHKEL ROUND TO A BANK SYSTEM— HARD MONEY. 
 
 a law can be passed with little opposition. If the issuing of Bills is added, so as to multiply 
 without limit the manufactories of piiper money, a new aspect will be given to the whole matter, 
 and those who are op|)os(?d to any change mny bo enabled to keep things as tiiey now are. If we 
 can 01)011 the way, and build up a class ot Banks which not i.-^sue pnper, ihe.'e will co.operate in ma- 
 king the currency more sound than at present; if tliey have nothing to make by the issue of 
 sniuli bills, they will not be aggrieved by seeing gold and silver take the phice of the small bills. 
 Alter the fetters are knocked otf, and the new class of money changers are "in the full tide of 
 successful experiment,"' such other modifications may be niude as experience may recommend, 
 and as " tl- 1 business wants of the community may require." Eejieal. the. restraining law, refuse 
 all hanks, unless their stock is sold at auction, and t/itise who trade upon legislation, ^tlie hon'ble 
 the lobby) will be blown 'jisky high :" and the scenes of log rolling and corruption would be re. 
 placed by a decent regard to moral and official purity, and a reasonable attention to the public 
 business and the general welfare. Truly yours, A. C. FLAGG. 
 
 Marcy to Iloyt, on Illumination in Banking. 
 [No. 76.] [To .lesse Hoyt, Esq., N. Y.] Ai.ba.vy, 24th November, 1836. 
 
 My Dear Sir: You promised me some illumination on the subject of the rrstraining law or 
 rather the repeal of it. I am informed that there i? a. probability that I am elected, and if so, it 
 will be expected that I send to the legislature a Dressage. If you have any publications or other 
 matters loo cumbersome for the mail, you can, if you choose, put them in the charge of one of 
 the electors from your city. If you are extravagant in your notions, they will not be adopted — 
 you expect, as a matter of course, they will be moditied.* I will not ask you to get what you 
 write yourself coj)icd, because it is possible that some one may be found in this city or vicinity 
 who will be able to decypher your hand writing. 
 
 I am, with great re.^pect, your to be obliged and humble servant, W. L. MARCY. 
 
 Fliigg on Free, Private, and Pririlegrd Banks — General Maisoa and, the Itestraining Act— 
 
 flagg on the Usury Laws, 
 [No. 'il.] Albany, December 4th, 1836. 
 
 To .lesse Hoyt, Esq, — My Dear Sir : I have received your letter of the 2d instant. I have 
 not seen the pamphlet of Mr. Hammond, and therefore cannrit speak of its contents. The re. 
 peal of that part of the Restraining Law which prohibits offices of discounts and deposites, I wish 
 to see achieved, tmd I believe to make the object certain, no private Banking System bitiuld be 
 connected with this measure. 
 
 Alter this is done, if there is a press for paper manufacturing Banks, then a system of private 
 blinking, to issue 50 dollars, and over, may be brought forward and discussed as a substitute for 
 the present mode of dealing outchariers. 
 
 It hits been pretty well settled, that A mould for running bank charters cannot be made con- 
 slitutionally : that there must be a distinct vote of the Legislature upon every moneyed Cor- 
 poration. A general law for establishing a system of private banking, and conferring corporate 
 
 *(5()verniir Miircy lind siK'""'' very many Iinnk charters, or rontriicts hestowinjr speoliil privileges on the shiira 
 liolilers ot' liiinks.'iiM siicli — sii hml (Joveinur Throiip. Mr. Viin liiiren had, in hi? safety fuml messnge, recoiii- 
 iiienileil ir'.'nnizt'il wlmlesiile restraints, (lovernor ilurry, i" his niessuge ti> the Leaisiaturo, .Ian. 3. Iffl", f whether 
 (liriinf;li .Mr lloyi's ijliiininafiiin or init, ( cuniint suy.J iulvise.s a partial repeal of the privileges of thu chartered 
 banks, in 1 lie iiiiiowing wonts : 
 
 ([■"rinii Marcy's Message, Jan. 1837,J — " Fn every coantiy whore liaiiks, with the exclnsive privii^ire of furnishing 
 (lie I'lri'iilaling ineilniiii, are niinierons, and particularly >v here the business of loaning iniMiey 's onihnrrassed bv 
 re^lrainls linpiiseil on iilher ns-ociatioiis, and on indiviUnal?. it is reasonable to expect that pecuniary pressures will 
 ln' I'rciiniMit and severe ; and if nut nnire frcinif nt. tliev will probably he more severe, and continue longer than in 
 I'ounlries whore all sinirces of relief are loll entirely open, and competition is permitted to operate in adjusting the 
 lelaiion of ei|uality liolwecn demand and supply. In this rospoci, tha operation of the statute usually culled the 
 ri-li;iining law, so far at least a< it denies to individuuls and associations the right of receiving deposites and nmk 
 lag (liscoiinls, IS iiinpiesiiiinalily injurious. 
 
 it is the cssentiul chiiriicterislic of private |iroperty. that tlie owner should not only have the right of ex,.'lHsive 
 |Ki5»es>ion. hut the liberty of free use. iiioUUieil only bv the ec|ual riahts of others to enjoy their own propertv. and 
 the public ri!;hl to proviile for the go loral wolfaro." I'lio reasuiis. therefore, that should induce the 'egislatnre to 
 ciiiiil or contiiiiio iinv law circiiniscribins the rights of individuals in reliition to their private property, most »ris<» 
 Irnni a strong and clear n«cos»ily of providini; f.ir the well-being of socielv. I have not been al le to cnnvince my- 
 self ili,.t any sncb cinsidcralion can be addiiceil in support of lliat part of the restraining law. which interdicts to 
 tho coiiinuiiiily at l.ugo tlie riu'ht of receiving dep'i-ites imd making discouiils. If it originated, as is generally he- 
 lioved. in a desire to ^ivo this kimi of linsiness excliisivolv to incorporated hanks, and subserves no licller purpose 
 than to carry out this dosicn, I aiilic.pate a ready disposition on your part lo repeal it. 
 
 'I'here is nnthiiii;, I believe, in the histnry of the times when this law was lirst enacted, which is calculated lo in 
 -iiirc a bigli degree of rnspi'ct tor it. or from which sound argiimeuls for its coiitiniiauco can be fairlv deduced. 
 
 IMie rostriiint in respoi't lo dcpHsiles and ilisconnls. beiu2 reiriirded as injurious to the public, and devised ns u spe- 
 cial favor to the banks, the law that imposes it is not eilioieiilly sustaineil by the moral sense of the comm unity, and 
 is consiMiillv evaded with iinpun tv. The elHcacy id" laws depend, inn srciit deifree. npni the concurrence of pub- 
 lic opinio III their fivnr ; and when, for the want of this sanction. partiiMilar enactments aie in a great deuree ino 
 periitive, they slimild be repealed, that the evil example of disregarding them may not weaken the torco of the *nl- 
 ultiry sentiment which all «hotild feel-that obedience to laws, without regard to individual opinions ns to their ex 
 jwdiency, is a high moral duty." 
 
 \ ■ ■ 
 
 
 
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 176 MAISON, LIVINGSTON, VhXiHi ic HUNTER ON FKEE BANKS — HOYT's BILL. 
 
 powers, is not attainable. If the tetters arc knocked ofl' by the repeal ol" the Restraining Law, 
 private banking associations may be formccl, and these may be regulated by law, and this law 
 be general. Tlie general laws for incorporating manufactories and churcii societies, were passed 
 before the constitution was adopted : these laws were not revised and re-enacted, but inserted 
 in the 'id volume as they stood. 
 
 The Senate referred the matter of the Restraining Law to a committee, of which Generni 
 IVIaisun is Chairman, and Mr. Hunter is one of the members. I suppose General Maiaon will 
 be prepared wiiii a hill. Mr. Cutting, I presume, will renew his bill in the Assembly; and the 
 provisions of his bill I am in favor of. 'I'liis bill breaks the chains, except as to issuing bills. 
 To allow all the svorld to manufiieturc paper currency might do more evil than good. At all 
 events, before this i.s done, a well devised system of guards should be matured to protect bill, 
 holders and other creditors. The demolition of the Usury laws, in relation to commercial paper, 
 such as you mention, is probably desirable ; and certainly worth an " experiment," But, as you 
 mention, this measure should stand by itself; and in the same way, the system of private bank- 
 ing, if one is presented, may as well be discussed and settled separate from the repeal of \\\v 
 Restraining Law. 
 
 I do not think it politic or proper, to make special war upon existing banks, as may be the 
 case with Mr. Hammond. We have taxed the Safety Fund banks three per cent on their capi- 
 tal, for the protection of their creditors, and we hold them to strict regulations, wliich they sonic, 
 times break over : yei give them fair (ilay even though they do not in all cases extend it to the 
 business eoniniuiiity. Those who insist upon an unlimited repeal of the Restraining Law, if they 
 accomplish their object, will do enough towards discijilining the banks without bringing aay 
 other artillery to bear upon them: Truly yours, A. C. FLAG(J. 
 
 Ex-Spcaliir Liriiiifstuii io Jesse Hoijt, on Free Biinkiiis — Young, Maiaon, J^c, 
 
 [No. 78.] Albany, Dec. 3()th, 1836 
 
 My Dear Sir: I have just received the draft of the law prepared under the directions of your 
 committee, aeomi)anied with your private letter of advice as to the mode of procedure. 
 
 The pnipofced amendments are well enough — but you must not expect that the legislature will 
 adopt them in the hasty manner siitrgested. In niodifyins; so important a provision in our laws 
 a variety of tliougliis will necessarily engage the mind, and no little time will be consumed in 
 discussing them before the Senate can arrive at a final decision. This is unavoidable, however 
 desirable it may be to hasten the accDiiiplisliment of your objects. Gen'i Maison, the chairman 
 of the committee which has this matter in charge, has, for the last month, been so constantly 
 occupied in maturing opinions for the Court of lOrrors, that we have not yet had the opportunity 
 of comparing our views ; and it would be indelicate in me, whatever ambition I might feel '*!<) 
 become the father iif the mriistire," to press youk bill without liis sanction. lie patient and all 
 will go well. 
 
 Young, I am informed, intends to urge an unconditional repeal — to permit the issuing of bills 
 if adequate security can be given lor their redemption. Such a measure can lie sustained upon 
 principle, and I shall not hesitate to give it my supjiort — not, however, if I should think such a 
 course would hazard the m:iin chance. 
 
 That part of your bill which coiiiemplales an alteration in the usury laws I propose to erase 
 altogether — not because I am hostile (as at present advised) to the change, but I prefer for many 
 reasons to consider the usury laws a separate question. 
 
 So soon as our committee arrive at any definite eouelusion I will inform vou of it. 
 
 Yours truly, CHAS. L. IJVINGSTON. 
 
 [No, 
 
 Ex-Sjieaker Livingston on Free Banks — Hunter's scheme to limit capital, 
 
 TO.] Ar.uANY, Jan. .3d, 18.37. 
 
 Dear Hoyt : The anti-restraint committee met this evening and our chairman (Maison) sub. 
 mitted his bill, ihe main provisions of wliieli are as follows — 
 
 " 1st. Removes the prohibition against olHccs of discount "iid deposit — restrains all associations 
 formeil under ilie law from engaging in the purchase or sale of real estate, or dealing in merchan- 
 dize, buHfcutliorise.s ilieni to hold real estate in payment of antecedent debts, and so much as may 
 be necessary for the transaciinn of their business — prohibits the agents or oHlcers of foreign cor- 
 porations est;il)lishing association.',' for the purpose of the act within this state — certificates to be 
 filed with couniy clerks, setting forth the names of the co-partnership and amount of capital cm- 
 ployed — prohibiis all corporations from entering into the business authorized by the act, except 
 such as are expressly permitted by law." 
 
 Hunter will probably ofTer, when the bill omes before the Senate, his darling amendments, 
 limiting the amount of capital. This I imagine will be ofl'ered tnore for the purpose of displnyinp 
 his eonsiatcney than with the expectation of its being adopted. When the bill shall be printed 
 I will send yon a copy, from which you will be able to judge more correctly of its provisions 
 tfian you can from thia s'letch of them. CHAS. L. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 eUTT 
 
 Cou,rs( 
 
 [No. 8( 
 My Dear 
 law, reportet 
 that being in 
 email. Edw 
 See his vote 
 if we should 
 them to-day 
 Do you sei 
 Ogden, Ch.iii 
 Trust and L( 
 former last sf 
 will defeat li 
 and no Bank 
 
 Ex'SiKakcr 
 
 [No. 81 
 Dear Hoyt 
 nothing new 1 
 to you for cr 
 unnecessarily 
 ing law ; but 
 pose of afford 
 rioiis consequ 
 So far as I en 
 will be in tht 
 natural right 
 to be of little 
 laiion ns mon 
 Bank petit 
 be decided at 
 desperately fo| 
 legislation ti 
 some good 
 on to their ^ 
 Young hi 
 bat I doubt 
 its penalties 
 perhaps it 
 law may tliei 
 letter. 
 
 Take care 
 with the ban 
 bly was enga 
 discussion wi 
 it will speak 
 will be disap 
 
 Ex.Speake.r 
 tions, Cap 
 riews, ano 
 
 [No. 82 
 Dear Hoy 
 seated to M 
 course. If i 
 of my error 
 choose to inj 
 faux pas iiic 
 less fear of 
 the govern r 
 
 * Edward '. 
 

 jyt's bill. 
 
 le Restraining La\<, 
 )y law, and this law 
 ocieties, were passed 
 inacted, but inserted 
 
 », ol' which General 
 jeneral Maison will 
 ; Assembly ; and the 
 pi as to issuing bills. 
 1 than good. At all 
 turcd to protect bill. 
 to coininercial paper, 
 iimnt," But, ns you 
 Hern of private bank- 
 om the repeal of ilii- 
 
 banks, us may be thf 
 ler cent on their capi- 
 ms, which they sonic, 
 cases e.xtcnd it to the 
 strifining Law, if they 
 without bringinir any 
 A. C. FLAG(J. 
 
 ', Maison, ^c. 
 
 Y, Dec. 30lh, 1036 
 
 the directions of your 
 
 of procedure. 
 
 hat the legislature will 
 
 provision in our laws 
 
 s will be consumed in 
 
 unavoidable, however 
 
 Maison, the chairman 
 
 ith, been so constantly 
 
 ie\. Imd the opportunity 
 
 bition I might feel "In 
 
 m. Be patient and all 
 
 •rmit the issuing of bills 
 can be sustained upmi 
 f I should think such a 
 
 laws I propose to erase 
 e, but I jirefer for many 
 
 n vou of it. 
 
 . L. LIVIMGSTON. 
 
 limit capital. 
 
 !ANY, Jan. 3d, 1837. 
 
 lairman (Maison) sub. 
 
 -restrains all associations 
 :, or dealing in merchan- 
 hta. and so much as may 
 r olliccrs of foreign cor- 
 stntc — certificates to be 
 d amount of capital cm- 
 rized by t^e act, e.\ccpt 
 
 lis darlinj? aniendmenlP, 
 the purpose of displnying 
 the bill shall be printed 
 rrectly of its provisions 
 . L. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 CUTTING WELL NAMED — BANK DEMOCRATS ABUSING BANKS — S. YOUNOt 177 
 
 Couasellor Cutting on Banks, Edward Livingston, Ogden, Postmaster Graham, ijc. 
 [No. 80.] Alb.\ny, January 6, 1837. 
 
 My Dear Hoyt : Charles Livingston has sent you a copy of the bill to repeal the restraining 
 law, reported by Maison in the Senate. The iirst section is all thr.t ought to pass, but I suppose 
 that being in the hands of the Philistines we must be thankful for any favors, no matter how 
 small. Edward Livingtson, Bir I am afraid has turned a sharp angle, and will come out Bank. 
 See his vote to-day. To-morrow he will be biouglit to the bull ring, and stamped as he deserves, 
 if we should go into committee of the whole and he should participate in the debate. We beat 
 them to-day elegantly. 
 
 Do you see who compose the committee on the repeal of the restraining In. • in our House ? 
 Ogden, Ch.iirman ! the violent opponent of the measure last year ! the aeent of the Farmers' 
 Trust and Loan Company ! the iutimato of John L. Graham, Seymour & Co. ' the guest of the 
 former last spring in New York, and his lobby iViend at the Syracuse Convention ! O* But we 
 will defeat the gang. The restraining law will be modified — the usury laws partially repealed, 
 and no Banks chartered. F. B. C. 
 
 Ex-^)cafiCr Livingston on 'Chartered Nuisances,' Free Banking, the free use of Capital, and 
 Young's Usury Bill. Cutting's queer postscript. 
 
 [No. 81.] Albany, Jan. 9th, 1837. 
 
 Dear Hoyt : The mail of last evening brought me two letters from you. Since I last wrote, 
 nothing new has transpired, except the introduction of Maison's bill, a copy of which I forwarded 
 to you for critical examination. I am sensible that many of its provisions will be regarded aa 
 unnecessarily severe — indeed, it has already been characterised as a restraint upon the restrain- 
 ing law ; but it should be understood as having been offered in its present form, now, for the pur- 
 pose of affording an opportunity to bring under consideration all tiie advantages as well as inju. 
 rious consequences of the proposed restrictions, rather than with any hope of their being adopted. 
 So far as I ciu discern, the legislature have sound views on the subject; and before long, you 
 will be in the enjoyment of all the benefits which are expected to flow from the free use of a 
 natural right to deal in money. But after all, and you may rely upon it, the repeal will be foi-.nd 
 to be of little importance, so long as persons are restrained from issuing noi'^s to be put in circu- 
 lation as money. 
 
 Bank petitions begin to shew their ugly faces from all quarters ; and unless their fate 
 be decided at the threshold of the session, the friends of these chartered nuisances will struggle 
 desperately for another sliiifHo of the pack. // thetj dared, they would put a. stop to all decent 
 legislation till their monopolizing appetites were gorged with special privileges. But there arc 
 some good fellows in the assembly, with Cutting, King and Clinch to lead them, who will hold 
 on to their grasp without mcrey. 
 
 Young has introduced his promised bill to repeal the usury law. }Ie goes the whole figure ; 
 but I doubt if he can persuade the Lecislature to cro with him. If we succeed in exempting from 
 its penalties all commercial paper having six months to run, \m iiniiortant point will be gained, and 
 perhaps it is better to atop here for the present. If this e.xpeiiment works well in practice, tho 
 law may then be extended to all contracts. Cuttinir desires me to leave a space for him in this 
 letter. Yours, CHAS. L. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 0/1 the same sheet, as a Postscript. 
 
 Take care how you write too freely to the Speaker*^. Time will show whether he goes 
 with the bank-men or not. As to his disposition to do so, I have a strong belief The assem- 
 bly was engased this morning on the resolution to instruct the bank committee. To-morrow the 
 discussion will be resumed. The (^nal vote will not shew the full anti-bank strength, but I think 
 it will speak strong enough to satisfy the most sceptical, that all expectations for bnnks this year 
 will be disappointed. F. B. CUTTING. 
 
 Ex-Speaker JAvinsston on Maison's Bill, Protection to Safety Fund Banks, Foreign Corpora, 
 tiona. Capital, Currency, Free Trade in Money, the United States Bank, I'haddeus Phelps'a 
 views, and picking the feathers from our Pilots. 
 
 [No. 82] Albany, .laminry 12th, 1837. 
 
 Dear Hoyt : Yonir last, received this evening, expresses astonishment that I should have as- 
 sented to Maison's bill. I have, in a former letter, attempted to explain the reasons for this 
 course. If these reasons arc feeble and unsatisfactory, then I must submit to the consequences 
 of my error. I could endure any punishment, no matter how severe, that the people should 
 choose to inflict upon me ; hut I confess it svould make my heart bleed to think that I had by any 
 faux pas incurred your displeasure. But in truth, my good friend, you seem to entertain ground, 
 less fear of the designs of the Legislature. Believe me, there is no serious intention to transfer 
 the government of the State to banks — our sympathies are with the people, and their righta will 
 
 * Edward Livingston of Albany. 
 
 I ''■-.< 
 
 ^V>,i. -? 
 
 "\ ■ 
 
 v 
 
 ^^■■ ^: u 
 
 n 
 
 ii 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 
 
 M 
 
178 
 
 HOPES AND FKAKS I'ROJI FRER TRADE IN BANKING — EXPEDIENCY. 
 
 4. •; •'t.-*!kf' 
 
 ■•.i' 
 
 
 ■■r.;.t 
 
 
 
 I': 
 
 I- 
 
 
 !• 
 
 be respected. Look at our proceedings for the last ten days — they will satisfy yon of the truth 
 of this rt'nuirk, and thty iniiy also indicate the probable result of this wliole matter. 
 
 I think 1 sent you a copy of the bi". The first section has been adopted in coiUiTiittee of the 
 whole. The second rejec d, and we are now upon the third. This provides that the bills of 
 tiie banks of this State only shall be circulated as money by private bankers. Such u restraint 
 is deemed necessary {and I concur in the opinion) to protect our citizens from an unsound and 
 wortiilesf currency. To this e.\tcat, I am prepared to believe you would go in imposin;,' res. 
 trictions. 
 
 If foreign corporations, of whose condition we know nothing, and over which the Legislature 
 has no control, are not checked in their inconsiderate and dangerous issues of a sickly currency, 
 to be circulated as money thiou<;h the Slate, the people would curse their representatives fur 
 Bufi'ering such an evil to be inflicted upon them. The regulation of the currency has always 
 been admitted to be a subject of legislative control ; and there is, as the Governor [Marcy] says 
 in his messnge, a marked dilference between free trade in money and free trade in the ticmious 
 representatives of money. 
 
 There is no danger in confining private bankers to the bills of this State ; they will always have 
 a supply equal to ihe wants of the community. The great object to be accomplished is the free 
 use of capital. Invite capital, say 1, from all quarters ; but away with your worthless promises 
 to pay. 
 
 So fa. as Maison's bill interferes with the free influx of capital, just so far I will oppose it; 
 and here let me observe, that I rejirct to discern a disposition in some of those who were inosi 
 liberal last winter, to hold up the United States Bank us a bugbear, and seek by appeaks to prejii. 
 dice, to drive away all agencies. There is a section in the bill which, if adopted, would have 
 this effect ; but I think I can persuade Maison to abandon it. ;f he consents, all will go well. 
 
 I had written thus far, when I received a letter /rom our mutual friend, Phelps, on this sub. 
 ject, which contains sound views, and much good advice. I would write to him this eveniui;, if 
 it were not so lute — have the goodness to say to him that I will defend his riuhts ag.iiist all iii. 
 vasions. He al.'^o has the impression that the bill has been dictated by bank officers for the pur- 
 pose of protecting their institutions in the enjoyment of their exclusive privileges. He onnh; 
 rather to rejoice at the appearance of the bill, for it not only presents the opportunity fairly li 
 discussing the restrainini; hiw in all its bearings ; but it also serves to exhibit the odious rhnrai. 
 ter of that law more strikingly than could be done in an elaborate essay upon the subject. Pr?- 
 sent my kind regards to him, and say that 1 will acknowledge his letter to-morrow. 
 
 Very truly, CHAS. L. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 By this time yon will think me one of your most stupid correspondents. I have just readov*; 
 what I have written, and almost feel asliamed of my incoherence ; but you will pardon ihisfaiii: 
 in a public man overwhelmed with buniness. Don't laugh ! I forgot to ask you to say in 
 Phelps, that as soim as I receive the necessary papers from New York, / will begin to pick th 
 feathers from our plots. 
 
 Ex-Speaker Livingston on the Bank Bill — r>iink Charters will go, root and branch— tk 
 
 Senate — Move the Preits and tell Phelps, 
 [No. 83.] To Jesse Iloyt, N. Y. Albany, Jan. 12. 18.37. 
 
 My Deiir flovt : I wrote you a letter last evening just by way ol fillin!' upnn interval Irofure 
 bed time. The discussion on the restrainirtj law has been continued this inorniiiL' upnn tlioal: 
 encrcissins; topic. The third section of the bill hfis been rejected, and an aiiimati'd debate nro* 
 on the fomih. What disposition do voii think has been inade of it I enn vou lit'Heve thnii! 
 has heen adopted? and ,et such is the tiict. Tliis intelligence will he received hy our eiiizcM 
 with indignation and contempt. It aims a fatal blow at the introdnofiim and use of eapiini 
 and niav nsiil' in tlv ruin of many of our merelnnis. What will be the conseniienee of prii 
 hi'iitin'T agents of focign c.irporatinns from makina lonn.i of their capital? The qucsiidii :; 
 easily answrred All debtors mu^i forthwith paii up. and the arnounf of pavmenis fothe Morris 
 Cintd nnd United Stites B.ink Anenev. as I am informed, would be nlioiif .*il:J.onO.OflO. Drive 
 away their a'ients imd von would pro<luce n pres-iure turdi as has never before been felt. It 
 mistake not, the pioce-dinas of to-dav will awaken such a spirit onvnif; the no ;>V as h;)/')"' 
 be ajmnnsfd lilt all bank cJiarlers are de.<if roiled rout and hranrh. THIS WOULD RE CAI.' 
 AMITOUS, but I would more eh' erfullv endure such a state of things than leuislale {ami 
 icri/r'r/ .seem' for 'heir sole li;'ncfit. I made what eflort I coidd comni'ind iisrii'ist the seciiiii, 
 88 dill also Younennd Tiaey. TlT^se gentlemen deserve the thnnlisof our city [New York] ht 
 their a'lle and ma "hi .injipo't of its inlere.'<t.i : see that justice is done to them, ft would he m'i 
 TO STIR UP OUR P.APRRS. Let ihem agitate— agiiite—nrritnte—ntid the country wil 
 follow ih ir example. For the present f despair. If an inlellieent Senate of this Slate cannot anl 
 will not be m-ide sensible of the advantages of n free trade in capital (come from what qunrieir 
 it may) why then it is waste of time to maintain so evident a maxim in political economy 
 
 Whnt ad vane 
 
 der of my coi 
 
 You may c 
 
 Comptroller 2 
 
 [No. 84.; 
 
 Dear Sir : , 
 
 Law. By thi 
 
 liiid been two 
 
 but the first, w 
 
 is, they have i 
 
 opinion, is abn 
 
 here : we hav 
 
 and Connectic 
 
 the fe'ters upoi 
 
 niiw do, *exrr, 
 
 the committee 
 
 p.vpected friim 
 
 Maison's resir; 
 
 Tracy has r 
 
 liills to be isuet 
 
 is not n prospec 
 
 [No. 8.'-).] 
 My Dear Ho 
 
 without any tnn 
 
 nnw under disci 
 
 ills ih:it may bi 
 
 nnd Youno; — nn 
 
 siih.spquent reflj 
 
 [privilege mitdi 
 
 I by fears than 
 
 oonsisiencv 
 
 litis nlwavs pru 
 
 Inimsat too mi 
 
 liegislativecon 
 
 n r 
 
 *Mt Hoyl's nn 
 moiK giiins til |io 
 IViill street .inun 
 Iwed. nt the tiro. 
 Tnisl mill llnnkin 
 Inr'clv intercstcil 
 [tlmt lie wns.stri.ii 
 «lin, from the en 
 tn lie operiitin!: f 
 tioiu were cxireiii 
 iiillmt liiiiik were 
 rreiijinfr iiniil pert 
 ilioiilil not Inve 
 llinl Mclimsey, !t. 
 anil thill it wlis he 
 rmvini iit hijli rii 
 I'mbanli (!) niiil 
 Ihe Sub Treasury 
 Biiren. tliriiii!;li(, 
 Heeri'a Bank, wli 
 ile|insites a fleeted 
 
 tin lRr>. .lohr 
 tiniler whliih for i 
 Iaw, nnd the privi 
 tlie other siile till 
 wlin nhly niiled ( 
 tnok the same ecui. 
 an! imprDvemeiits 
 (♦iveinor Yates, i 
 [not Vaiei wos as 
 
:pediency. 
 
 atisfy you of the truth 
 ole ii\atter. 
 
 ed in cominittec of the 
 ifides that the bills 0/ 
 '(era. Such a restraint 
 3 from an unsound and 
 lid go in iinposinij; res. 
 
 • which the Legislature 
 es of a sickly ciirrency, 
 leir ropresentatives fur 
 IP currency has always 
 Governor [Marcy] says 
 ■e trade in the fictuious 
 
 ; they will always have 
 iccouiplislied is the free 
 ^•our worthless promises 
 
 Ko far I will oppose it ; 
 )f those who were most 
 seek by appeals to prejii. 
 if adopted, would have 
 sents. all will go well. 
 rid, Phelpn, on this suh- 
 e to hitn this evenins;,;! 
 his riuhts agnirst all in- 
 bank oflicers for the put- 
 'c privileges. He ouslit 
 the opportunity fairly n 
 xliibii the odious r.harai- 
 r upon the subject. Pt'- 
 
 • to-morrow. 
 
 3. L. LIVINGSTON. 
 Its. I have just read ov*: 
 you will pardon this fan,: 
 rot to ask you to say m 
 I, / will begin to pick lh> 
 
 ro, root and branch— tlit 
 
 \lbany, Jan. 12, 1837 
 llinii up nn interval bnfur! 
 this inorninir "P"n thoali 
 nn aiiiiuati'd debato nrose 
 t ! enii vou lifheve thnii! 
 e received by our cWum 
 iietion and use of rn\rM:, 
 tlip ('(iiisefvienee of pro- 
 ■apiial ? The questiim :? 
 t of pnvmpnts tothe Morris 
 i.lionr i«!l'J.OnO,(KIO. Drive 
 ver before been felt, ll 
 liiiiS thr IIP li'p 'r^■ tf!''' '" 
 
 MIS WOULD RE CM 
 things than lecisiate (I'l' 
 mv-tiid JiErd'ici (be seeii'H 
 of our eiiy [New York] f'lr 
 ■ to them. // tnniihlhe itf' 
 into — and the eoiintry wi 
 nteof this Slate cannot niii 
 ll (come from what quarm] 
 xim in political economy 
 
 USEFUL SERVANTS MAY BECOME DAN'GEHOUS MASTERS. 
 
 179 
 
 What advances have we made in this science ? But my friend, let me conclude with the ten- 
 der of my eongratidiitiiins upon the piogrexR of yiiur ininciples, 
 Vou may cominuuicate iliisocravvi to I'iielps. C. L. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 Coiiiplroller Fliigg to Iloyt, on Frrr. Diinking — the cniiscs nf finiji's new born zctil for the re. 
 pcnl iif rcsiriiinta on dealers in Currency, 
 [No. 84.] Aluaw, .Tan. 15, 18.17. 
 
 Dear Sir : I have received your letter in relation to Maison's restraint of the Restraining 
 Law. By this time you will have seen that the Senate hav;? cut the bill all to pieces. If there 
 hid been two or three votes more on the free trade side thev would have cut out every seelioii 
 but the first, which was a simiile repeal of the re.etraint upon offices of discount nnd depositc ; as it 
 is, tiiey liave only lemined the 4th, with modificiitioiis. and one other. The bill now, in my 
 opinion, is nbnul right. I tliiidi foreign coi-jmrationit shonld not be allowed to establish offices 
 here: we have trouble enoiisrh with our iiw;i wo;is/eM, without lei;nlizing a brood fr(<m .Tersey 
 and Connecticut. M:iison showed mr- hid bill, and I told him the better wny was to strike off 
 the fe'ters upon capital, and allow private Bardu-rs to do every thing which incorporated Banks 
 now do, *cxrfpt to issne bills. We all told him his machinery wmild not do ; but he hiid moved 
 the committee as an op|)oiient of the repeal of the restraint, and nothing better could have been 
 p.vpi'Cted from an opponent of the measure for relief !\Ir. Mack gnrs the whole hog against 
 Maison's restniints; and so do several others whose support he expected. 
 
 Tracy has oflered. in eoimnunieaiion with the snbject, a bill for private banking, allowing 
 hills to be isued of i$5() and upwards. This bill will get only a few votes at this lime. There 
 is not n prospect of any Banks this winter, of any kind, to i.'^sue paper. 
 
 Truly yours, A. C. FLAGG. 
 
 Senator Livingston on Bank Bills and ' the DcviT. John B, Yates.f 
 
 [No. R.l.l Alba.vy. .January Ifith, 1837. 
 
 My Dear Hoyt : The rejieal of the much talked of law may be disposed of this morning 
 without any material ehanjje of the form in which if stood when I last wrote. The propo.^-itir n 
 nnw under discussion contemplates a reiimval of the resiniint upon individual is=ues ; limitioff the 
 
 3 ihnt may be issued, however, to i|;.")(). The propcsiiion has been ably supported ly Tracy 
 nnd Young — and if I mistidie not. J said in a foriner letter tbat I sboidd support it, but I confess 
 fiihsequent reflection has sh:d<en my opinion, and I am rather inclined to l'o against it. Such a 
 privilege misiht be extensively abused, and in voting airaiMst it J may possibly be influenced rather 
 by fenrs than realities — but mv object in writing is to explain what may seem to you to be an in. 
 consistencv in my vote with a former opinion. In setkinc; to retbrm abuses or correcting evils, 
 ilisnlwnvs prudent to commence by gradual steps. Defeat generally attends a reformer if he 
 nimsat too much in the onset. The issuing of bill« tocirciil ite as money is properly a matter for 
 legislative control — and if we can preserve the currency from variableness or injurious deprecia- 
 
 'Mr Hoyt's nnxietv for free t)finkins nppenrs to have arisen In n srent niensiirp from liis nnriripntlms of enor- 
 mniis cuius to I'P niiide out nf siirli vill.iininis cnncerns n« H<!its's 'I'riist Co. Willinin f!. Iliickiuir. one of JJoyt's 
 Willi street .locuiiiintinioi's, on lieinsr inlprro^Mted livilio I'niloil Hl.ite.s rornmKsionprs. in 1811. wlietl er it wiis lie- 
 tipved. nt the liroker^' honrd, tliMt Mr. Ilovt wrK Inr^plv iiitere«iecl In |nirrhnsin<r the st rk of the North Anierlrnii 
 Trust nnd llnnkinj ("nni|i:iny, ni'swered thiit " It wne ihp jpnernl iniiiressinn anioiiz the hrokers thnr Mr. Hut wns 
 Inriciv Interested In opcr.itiiiir in the stock of tluil Inslilntion. This iinpres''inn |irolia!ilv nrose from the knowledje 
 timt he wns stn^n'rlv nddlcled to stocrk siiecnhilions, nnd from tlie fiK't thiil cerlaMi pprsmis denit Inrirply in thnt stork, 
 who, from the pniiiieetlon nnd flic eonfldciice nnd liitlnincy snhsistliii; liptwpcii them nnd Mr Ilovt, were siippnted 
 \i\ he nperntlns for Mm. or thnt he wns Interested in their opprntioiis." And. further, llinl he " lielicvcs these opcm- 
 tinns were extremely nnprolitnlde." Mr. Itnrr. iinotlipr W'nll sirppt liroker. reniarkod, thnt " rertifiontes of deposits 
 iiithnt hnnk were commonly sold in W'nll street nt n discount, which comniencoil nt ^ to .'i per cent., nnd went on in- 
 freiuinj imlll certificntes on tinn" were sold in some instances nt the rntp of .') per cent, per month discount. I 
 ihonld not Inve considered it n "nfe Instltntimi in which to make depi^sltes of piihlic mnnev." Mr. Dnrr ridded, 
 thntMc.Iiinsey, Unvt's lirother lu-lnw, (also n Wall -Irept hroker.) wns a lar^e operator in the stock of that linnk, 
 anil that it was believed that Ilovt was Interested wiih him. At times when the Trensnrv of the I'nlon was hor- 
 rmviasr at high rates of interest, llnvt was dppositliis hiiiidicds of lliousnnds of didlars of the piihlic funds with this 
 frrr bnvk (!) nnd refiisins to remit to Wnsliinirlon the hnlanco In his hands, which he had incorrectly stated. If 
 the Sub Trensnrv Is to lie r.'vived, so as to enalile future Ilovts to phiy over n?iiin the sjime of this minion of Vnii 
 Hiiren, tiiroiiijlmiit the I'ni m — and what is thereto prevent it ? — I. for one, would doiiht Its pfTieiency. Floy' lent 
 lieers's Bnnk, while the .Snh Treasury wns in operntion, l^t'O.") (iHO, to f.'dli of Oct. 1P40. wuUout interest ! Hoyt's 
 ileiinsites affected the value of the stock, which fluctuated from $*,),) till il cot down to $3, 
 
 tin 18X"i, ,Iohn R. Yates introduced into the Assemhlv of \. Y. n hill to repeal the restiictions on hanking, 
 under which for many years, certain lirnnches of Imsiiiess had heen confined to charterpd coui|innipo, privileged liy 
 hw, nnd the privileces sidd hv the ieffislatois nnd executive oflicers. (Ofconr-e Vnn Hureii nnd his friends were on 
 llie other side till nf\cr his election ns President ne.\t year, when n new cnme wns to he phived ) Mr. Preston Kinc, 
 whn irhly aided the friends of education liy his nnweariod elVorts in Consress to (ret chpnp posiace estahlished, 
 took the'snme eourse. ni did rolonel Voune. Mr. Vntes was rich, anxious to educate the people, nnd fond nf Inter- 
 nal ImprKvements. I was a director for the colony in the Wellnnd Canal Company, in which he, his brother 
 (♦iveinor Yntes, und others of his family, hnd embarked $,')n,n(Kt, nnd hnd much conversation with him, Tf Hnver- 
 not Valet was ns sincere u friend of his country ns Jolm B, he wq» not very well treated by his Van Buren friend*, 
 
 .1 ■ 
 
 ; t. 
 
 m 
 
 M 
 
 ■ n 
 
 I! 
 
•f"*'!'"' 1 
 
 \lh' .■ 
 
 fv^-'^: 
 
 ';' i^-.<:' 
 
 py"' 
 
 
 '1 ', ' ; 
 ij.'.t" ;:■ 
 
 
 IdO CUKKKNCV TINKliKSi — LIVINGSTON ANH fUmNC; — IMITATIONS OF PLUTO. 
 
 •ion it is our duty to do so. 1 liupf you will find no fault with tnc in chunginj; in hd short a jic. 
 riod my opinion on un important subject. If you do find fault, then JL/' Go to thk Devu, ^, 
 
 Youra, itc. C. L, LIVINGSTON. 
 
 F. B. Cutting, Member of Assembly, In Jesse Iloyl, IX. ¥., oh Hanks. 
 
 [No. 8().J Albany, .Tunuary 16, 1837. 
 
 My dear lloyt : The voto on the resolution instructing the Bank Committee to report again 
 all BanK petitions was taken to-day, seventy against, and fifty in favor. This decides the laic I 
 of all ihe&e applications tiiis year. The latter are good men and true, and will he consisteii! 
 under all atid every contingency. The seventy embrace twenty-nine whigs, and one of our 
 men who voted with iliem by mistake. Our fifty includes only one whig, C. Rogers oi'l 
 Washington County, and two loco. focos — Andrew, Franklin, Labagh, Willes and Zabriskic, | 
 in favor of Bunks. All uiir jmipuses are accomplished. We have succeeded in conimitiiii:; 
 more than enough to render all hope on the part of the Lobby perfectly desperate. Having (lc.| 
 monstrnted to those who were charged with petitions that success is out of the question, I pre. 
 Bume thai a2/ will unite infacor of the rrpral of the liestraining Law, a.nd other iMFouTA.vr| 
 KATXERs. * The mail is just closing. It is admitted that we liave gained a triumph. 
 
 Yours, V. B. C. 
 
 Cursing on I'c.pcr, likcJuliii Van Buren — Let B loud follow the Knife — Miseries of Legisltition] 
 
 [No. 87.] To Jesse Hoyt, (private.) Albany, January 20, 1837, 
 
 My Dear Hoyt : I am so damnably pressed (or time that I can scarcely send you a line. Judiciarvj 
 Committee ; references daily ; reports ; drawing Bills ; active debates in the House ; Bank inves. 
 tigations ; consultutiuns, &,c., and infernal letters from New Vork, from applicants for olHw, 
 all requesting answers of some kind. 
 
 Look at my resolutions of to-day. Uo tliey cover ground enough? The Speaker wanted wl 
 put Ogden on the select committee — I threatened to resign as chairman and state my reasiwl 
 before the House and the State — he yielded. I have had serious work with him as to who shilj 
 be associated with me upon the committee to be appointed to investigate the Banks — have liail 
 three interviews — warm ones too ; but he will not give me the names of those he intends toap-F 
 point. 1 have urged, that if I am to he Chairman 1 have a right to the best talent of the IIou.^l 
 to assist me. No bank directors, stockholders, or participants in the stock of last year, [183ll 
 but all will not prevail upon him. So, to-morrow, I shall move to refer my resolution to ih»| 
 Belect committee of invcsiigution of which King is chairman. If defeated in this, we will mm 
 open war, and 1 shall nsigit ns chiinnan, if appointed, stating my reasons. This is a most utl 
 pleasant duty, ns it will necessarily wound the feelings of many gentlemen; but the occgskJ 
 requires franknesni, and if necessary I will not shrink trom what I believe to be called for. 
 
 DON'T BE SO DAMNED HOT in your way of writing and talking. Fight coolly, desj 
 peraiely, nay savagely if any end is to be gained ; ride booted and spurreu, as I have to doi 
 the House sometimes, to make milder spirits (puiil ; but make no threats — act, and let Mm\ 
 follow the knife, if surgery is required ; but let the, blow be felt before you give notice of ms 
 intention. " Charlie shall have his own again'' in spite of sundry political brokers and elu 
 vers that we wot of. I know of no way to success, but by bold, straigiitforward, manly, uncoitj 
 promising opposition ; and to unfold to our own true and sound Democracy the shullling r. 
 trickery of the knaves who filch them. In haste youra. 
 
 Did you see how the Whigs and Bank Men joined Kimmy upon the resolution instructiniritj 
 Bank Committee ? Let the votes be made public — undeceive the people ! If yon 'I'ould pay hi 
 as much attention to dissect our votes, and put the Whig.s in their true position, hand in liasj 
 wi'.ii *;.., Banks and tli?ir adherents, as you do to some other things, such as writing conerah[ 
 latory epistles to Ned Livingston, &,c., and advising with him [the Speaker] as to coinmiiiets 
 &c., you would, according to my notions, be doing more service. Do you take ? 
 
 Truly yours, F. B. CUTTING. 
 
 Senator Livingston davits New York wisdom, and with reason. 
 [No. S8.] (To .Tesse Iloyt, 
 
 Albany, Jan. 21, 1837. — I am inclined to think, my good fellow, that you are more thanb 
 right in the opinion expressed in your lust letter — I have given the subject of private issues iiiuJ 
 an,\iou8 thoughr, and I confe.s.« new light begins to dawn upon my darkened intellect — tlieclii;!j 
 are fast breakintf away and I should not be surprised if I finally determined to maintain even] 
 obstinacy that a note of an incorporated bank was no better than the bill issued by a privalp 
 vent individual — I inny have been deluded by the ciiarm which too commonly attaches to a cc| 
 
 *Tlio bill eniililliif; s|ieculators in geiipml to as«nrl;ile ns bankers in I)iiying stocks, piifUn^, selling boinlf.i 
 eniibleil the Doniocriitic Review (il'XIny, l>^^tl, to talk about "some of tlieinnstsoand associations of the city fofX I 
 like the JVartli .Imirican 'I'l-u.tt and iiunliing Co." It. M'Jinisey, .Jesse Hoyt, J. I). Beers, or cither of tliem, ri 
 hnvo ilictateil the patriotic iirlicle. 
 
 TH 
 
 jiorution, bu 
 into an inile 
 umard aguins 
 all circumsta 
 aij'ainst thein 
 ilcvil as myst 
 I will disj)iit- 
 don't let me 
 Do you unde 
 \ate banki'ig 
 iliis subject c 
 ceived some 
 What imperti 
 
 [No. m.\ 
 My Dear U 
 auction, 13 to 
 very serious ol 
 Vol. 1, R. S. ' 
 selves in our ! 
 Morris Robins 
 out subjecting 
 only time to cc 
 titication vou < 
 
 My room is 
 me to close thi 
 from this place 
 
 Freedom to 
 
 [No. 90.] 
 Dear Hoyt ; 
 chains they onj 
 iiig altered the| 
 liny other boltsj 
 doubtless passi 
 better. 
 
 [No. 90rt| 
 
 Dear Sir 
 has received ri 
 lies remains a 
 nious in the I 
 lion. Offices 
 bills. There 
 when I wrote 
 the Banks w 
 which were n 
 matter right. 
 
 There is c 
 general Banl 
 Restraining 
 law applying 
 paper credits 
 
 ■^The followil 
 I', tt. Oittinn nl 
 which do busin«r 
 had on deposit l 
 of January, 183 
 
 
ONS OF TLUTO. 
 
 ngiiiij: in Hij short a jic- 
 
 lo TO THE DeVII, J3). 
 
 L. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 on Vanks. 
 
 ', January 16, 1H37. 
 
 mittee to report against 
 This ilecides the taic 
 
 and will be consiskii! 
 
 whigs, und one of our 
 
 nc whig, C. Rogers n 
 
 Willes and Zabriskif, 
 
 icceeded in commitiiii,- 
 
 desperate. Having dt. 
 t of the question, I pre- 
 
 AND OTHER IMPOr.TAM 
 
 led a triunipli. 
 Yours, V. B. C. 
 
 ■Miseries of Lcgisktion. 
 .NY, January 20, 1837. 
 send you a line. Judiciary 
 1 the House ; Bank inye;, 
 roni applicants lor olllt 
 
 The Speaker wanted is 
 lan and state my reasnri 
 , with him as to who ih\ 
 ate the Banks— have k\ 
 of those he intends to ap- 
 e best talent of the Honi' 
 stookof last year, [18311. 
 refer my resolution to ike 
 ated in this, we will tnak: 
 sons. This is a most ui 
 ntlemen; but the occasu: 
 leve to be called for. 
 tiking. Fight coolly, ite 
 ipurreu, as L have to don 
 lireafs — acl, and Ictbka 
 ore you giec notice uf w* 
 political brokers and slu 
 ghtforward, manly, uncoir. 
 ■inocracy the shutlling a 
 
 le resolution instrueting itj 
 pie ! If yon 'vould pay 
 true posit'.oii, hand in lid 
 , such as writing congmti 
 Speaker] as to comminei 
 )o you lake ? 
 rs, F. B. CUTTING. 
 
 with reason. 
 
 (To Jesse Iloyt. 
 that you are more than b'. 
 lubject of private issues ma 
 irkened intellect— the cW 
 ermined to maintain even 
 le bill iwned by a private =: 
 commonly attaches to a ci 
 
 stooks, pufTmi:, sclliii? boniK 
 lul ossoeiations of the city f"' '^ 
 r. 1). Beers, or cither of '"«"'■ "^ 
 
 THE UKPEAr, OF BANK BKSTRICTION — A PRECURSOR OF SUSPENSION. 
 
 181 
 
 |ioraiiou, but the spell is nearly broken, and another night's reflection may nietnmorphoBe mo 
 into an inilexiblc advocate of shin-plasters. Some limitations and securities are indispensnble to 
 miard against abuses, for 1 cannot admit your theory to its full e.\tcnt, that the people are nnder 
 all circumstances capable of managing their own afiiiirs. In some cases they must be protected 
 aL'ainst themselves. .My distrust of their intelligence commenced when they elected such a poor 
 devil as myself, and until tliuy ciioo«e agents who will respect their feelings and their interests, 
 1 will disjintu their cajiacity to govern themselves. Don't disclose this heresy, and above all 
 don't let me see it in the Evening Post in the form of " an extract fnmi u letter from Albany." 
 |)u you understand ? In a few days we shall have under consideration a jeneral plan for pri- 
 vate banking, provided there is sense enough in Albany to mature one. It is designed to keep 
 iliis subject distinct from the restraining law. Cutting has just called in to say that he has re- 
 ceived sonic letters from you, and desires me to S'ly that you must work harder and talk less. 
 What impertinent language for a servant of the Pcoi)!e to hold to one of his masters ! 
 
 Yours, &c., CllAS. L. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 All the IVorlil vtay become Stock-juhbirs — even Uccrs's Trust Co. 
 [No. 89. J The same lo the same. Albany, January 1^5, 1H37. 
 
 My Dear Iloyt : After a well contested figlu we succeeded this morning in rejecting the 4tli 
 section, 13 to 12 — a sul)stitnte was afterwards oflered and adopted, to which there can be no 
 very serious objection. It simply re-enacts the existing Law as it is found in page 712, sec. K, 
 Vol. 1, 11. S. which restrains incorporations in their corporate cupncity from establishing them- 
 selves in our Slate, and circulating bills, &.C., but agencies may be established to loan funds. 
 Morris Robinson, Louis MeLanc, ct id omne qeiius, may now pursue their lawful business with- 
 out subjecting themselves to a fine of ,$1000, or the fear of going to the Slate Prison. I have 
 only time to congratulate you on this hai)py result. Piiti.ps will participate with you in the gra- 
 tification you experience in witnessing the progress of reason and common sense in our Senate.* 
 
 All yet seems well ; and if it end so meet, 
 The bitter past, more welcome is the sweet. 
 
 My room is full o( loafers tormenting me to death about a sixpenny Canal claim, and compel 
 me to close this so abruptly. Cutting is in New York ; he will give you some interesting news 
 froMi this place. Yours, C. L. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 Freedom lo Banking — Arkansas, Michigan, India, and Illinois Slocka,our next Sureties! 
 [No. 90.] [To .Tesse Hoyt] Alba.vy, January 27th, 1837. 
 
 Dear Hoyt: Restraints are removed — the people may walk abroad, disembarrassed of the 
 chains they once hobbled with. The bill passed this morning with a unanimous vote, after hav- 
 ing altered the character of the 4th section, as I pointed out in my last. If you want to snap 
 ;niy other bolts, you had belter indicate your wishes while we are in the humor. The bill will 
 doubtless pass the Assembly ; and, if with any alteration, I trust it may be, if possible, for the 
 better. Yours, C. L. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 Comiitrollcr Flagg to J. Hoyt, on the Multiplication of Paper Credits. 
 [No. 90(1.] Albany, January 29th, 1837. 
 
 Dear Sir : The re|)eal of the Restraining Law, after substantially striking out the 4th section, 
 has received a unanimous vote of the Senate. The prohibition against non resident monopo- 
 lies remains as in the Revised Statutes. The prospect is, that the vote will be equally unan'- 
 nious in the House. IVIaison's bill, therefore, has been entirely demolished, except the first se > 
 tion. Offices of discount and deposite can do every thing which Banks now do, except to issue 
 bills. There were some phrases in Maison's 4th section, which I had not particularly noticed 
 when I wrote yon, and which caused its rejection. Maison's original bill was such a bill as 
 the Banks would desire to have passed ; it tied up the free use of money with numerous cords 
 which were not used in the old Restraining Law. But the good sense of the Senate has set the 
 mailer right. 
 
 There is considerable discussion going on in various sections of the State, in relation to a 
 general Bankmg Law. Onondaga has taken the field on this side. After the passage of the 
 Restraining Law repeal, there will be a fair field between the safety fund incorporations, and a 
 law applying the Safety Fund restraints to simple banking associations. The multiplication of 
 paper credits in either mode, I apprehend, will produce more evil than good. But there must be 
 
 »^Tlie follovvinj! !•; a drafi of ii resolution drnwii up by .lesse Iloyt nl New Vork, (iiid sent to Colonel Young and 
 F. n. (>\ttin<! nt Allmny, to lie proonsed to the Lesisliiture.— " Upsolvcd, that the Biitiks in the city of New York 
 which do business under the Safety Fond net. do report withont dnlay theiimount of money lliey respeetively hnve 
 had on deposit from eorporntion* dot of this Stateonlho 1st day of every month, viz: from the 1st of Dec. 1835 tolst 
 of January, 1837, upon wliich deposits intfrest lias bc^n paid or ngteed to he pniil." 
 
 ,'•1 
 
 I '-<■■• 
 
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 i 
 
 If 
 
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 I! : 
 
 .Vf... 
 
 3,,;V 
 
 I- 
 
 182 ELECT WniClIT AND THEN QrARREL — PENNSYLVANIA I'OLITICS 
 
 a change as to the mode of ditipensing stock, nnrf perhaps a general law would do this in tht 
 mual, accepiabk manner, ami Sfcure the locution of Banks where there was busineHS to suppon 
 them. Truly yours, A. C. FLAGG 
 
 Xp< us have no Quarrelling about Free Banks, till after Wright's Election. 
 [No. Dl.] [To .les.^e Iloyt.] Albany, Sunday Evening, Feb. 21, 1837. 
 
 My Ut.nr Iloyt : I sirrived this evening, and have suen ccri.iin piihlicitions in the Albany Ar. 
 gus, reliiling lo myself and my couivt- in regard to ihe Committee of Investigation, 1 am tuo 
 jnueh fatigued to prepare an answer this evening ; but in the course of to-morrow, will place ilu 
 subject in its correct light, and will endeavor to have it published on Tuesday, unless it ,> 
 deemed advisable lo avoid all collisions r.NTir, after Tiir. i,i,r.eTioN of Sii.as Wuigmt, as to whom 
 there has been a strong opposiiion— indeed it is said, that on Friday last, there was a majority »{ 
 the Leifislature aL'ainst him. If, therefore, my observations do not appear on Tuesday, ihey 
 will be in.'^eried on Wednesday. Request .Mr. Bryant to copy them, in cuao he has inserted the 
 articles from the Argus, and see that the Times does me the same justice. 
 
 Yours, F. D.CUTTLNG. 
 
 [No, 93.] [Favored by Capt, Stoddard.— Simday.] •^'' 
 
 My Dear floyt : I sent you yesterday, a Bank Commissioners' Report. How is money anj 
 real estate ? Could a sale at public auction be etfeeied at fair prices, of good property to the 
 amount of $100,000, on acconimodatinir terms? Without mentioning my name, call upon 
 Bleecker, and .fenkins, and make the necessary impiiries, and write me, I send you a little 
 public opinion.* The stage is starling. Yours, F. B. CUTTING, 
 
 The true Van Buren School — hare principle in proportion to your interest — be all for self 
 [No, 9.3 1 Dr, .loel B. Sutherland, to Joseph McCoy, New Market, Philadelphia. 
 
 Lazaretto, .Tune 27. 181(5.— + Dear M : When I received your letter lust nisrlit, I 
 
 immediately took a chair to my Iront door, and cotnmeneed reading it — I was nmch pieaseii 
 with your noti(ms of buying out IVacock, but the ditl'iculiy that will have to be encounlerej, 
 will not, 1 thiidi, be of a trivial natme ; I nuiy perhaps make the arrangement with Boilenu, 
 in relation to the adjiitant-ireueralship, but wheiiier be would be willing to endorse a note ij 
 raise the wind is another question. 1 am told he ia avaricious. However, on this point 1 woulj 
 
 *From the Onondn^'.i Cliii'l' !i \!in Itiiren I'liinr — We lire fiiiid to see so nmny Konnd ileinocratic jonrnnls ij 
 (lilfpfPiit |iiirl<. ot" the Stiite, s|ie'iliiii;r jii toriii> nt' .liviiloil ri'|irnl)iiliMn nt' the ((iiMliiot ol' Speiiker (EdwnrilJ I.iv- 
 in^rstnii, in resiirii to the Inrmiiliim irf thn CDinnijIlee of hiiiilt iiive«lis:iliiiii. Wlii-rever the jiidgiiieiit of men i 
 not (iiiriilyzed liy bunk iiilliieiii'e. or its ex|lres.^loll restriuiied liy mntivcs nt' interest, there is hut one sentinieiil m' 
 iniligiuiliiiii ill llie inoiilhs of the |ie(i|ile. Kven tht ;-i|pi>iiker hiiii.-elf hiii, howed l)ofore the oinniiiotence of piiblf 
 n{iinion, nnd has fult liiinscif conipclli'd to :iti(>in|il» \inili,Mtiiin of lii:, conduct, over his own signuturo, in tiiecvi- 
 uinna of the ,'\rgus, hut in our humble uplnion, he hus succeeded iiiiserubly. 
 
 tJadRC Sutherlnnd is iin ohi and n shrewd, cuiining, (jnod imliired |i(diticiiin, of Scotch pnrentnge, nnd Vnn Bb 
 reii iirinci|dc. lie is ;i resfiihir Deinocnii : wiis he.ilth ullieer :it l'iiiludel|ihiii when lie wrote the iiliove letter : vet'. 
 tor .iiiekscm luid llio pet hiiiik scheme; riiu fi,r S|ip,iker in ("oni'ress, in opposition to Aiiilrew Steven.son, who haj 
 tlie Vnn Itiiren [ires^-es to iiiil liiiii : w^it into ("onu'rcss in 1HH8, for the 1st district of I'a., as a ronscrviitive, or iii:- 
 chiin^ed ileniocrtit ; supported llurrisno in IH^O; and in IH41 was appoinlcd .Naviil-Othcer nt the port of i'hilailt! 
 pliin, by Tyler, from which post he liiis since been reiimved by I'olk, lie avows, in the above letter, the system o:, 
 which Vim Huron and the rc^ieiicy worked the old council of uppointineiit, the press, patrnna^'e, and the snkw 
 fund bunks — nunirly : to blind, litceive, iinil plunder the millions, under any cloak, and by udoptinj; whatever wii 
 ii)iperm ist i:i nion'.s niinda, that could be liirned lo iHirly account. 'I'he si b-lrensnry, as Jesse Hoyt, Stephen .\1 
 leii, .loseph D Hears, ronielius \V. I.iiwrence, and their banks, carried it out, woidd be a new means of cementinf 
 a powerful band of cunning polilicians, by giving Ihcni the spoils to speculate on. .loel opposed that. Steve Al' 
 len kept earefully all the cash .lesse gave hini ; but .lesse allowed no more to pass into Ste\-e's sub-treasury Ibi 
 the surplus beyond his own wants for spociilMlion ; and as the Van liiiren familv went sh.ires, Secretary VVoodliurt 
 nllowcil him iiis own way. When the ilay of reckoninc came, .le.-se (loyt was Si'iiKI.OOt) short, and the jiidsfi 
 found that the piiins nnd penalties of the law of l><4(l, ilid not npplv to the case of.lese Hoyt ! I copy Dr. 8'« le! 
 ter from Mr, Diiane's Aurora. The Doctor, it appears, expected to be appointed a Ijutiint-gencrul of Pu., fur the 
 purpose of becoming recruitin:; sergeant lo tlie parly leader iiio-l likely lo siicce.'d t.) power. 
 
 '■ Very soon iiOer Mr .-^nydcr came into the clmir of the executive of this st;ite. (continues Punne.) it wns iliV 
 covered thai his cli/Mitioii linii been procured liv n coni'o^ileil coinliiiKitinii of persons in the legislature, who com- 
 promised the atf^irs of the people, m u il, vision of the ollices, power, and |nilronage of olHce among the cor.spirii- 
 tors. As part of the coiiipai't, the press was to be placed under the control of this secret combination ; every I'lee 
 press w:i5 to be prosc'rilied, and prostituted pres^e, established, or purchased, in every part of Ihe state, so thiitthii 
 combination should not only direct public opinion, but e.vclude from the eyes of the people the knowledge of trulli, 
 or the animadversions that are usual in a state of freedom on public meitsiiies. Those who considered the press i« 
 free and vigilant, did not perceive thai it niiglit be (ilaced in corrupt hands, or in the hands of ignorance ; and that 
 freedom miuht he e.vercised as amply in the cause oi' villainy and fraud, ns in the cause of virtue and justice ; thai 
 theuctivitv nnd vigilunco of iniquity might employ it, with as much zeal and labor, us the frieniU of freedom, ul' 
 tuciiil happiness," 
 
 Who w.ll wonder that Colonel Dunne died poor, or that his son wns unfit to be a member of n cabinet which 
 Van Buren secretly conducted on the Sutherland principle ? How nan the press guard the American |)eo|ile 
 against the dangers arising from the substitution of secret corruption fur the principles of free election 1 the psiti) 
 of u rapacious band of midnight cunsjiirators fur public oilice, and the control of tlie state, for the welfare of the 
 whu^«<uciety? 
 
 VE 
 
 just say, that foi 
 returns Irom the 
 liuileau is but a 
 iiiiiiks the bold i 
 much sooner tin 
 he is literally rui 
 ,il' discontent, at 
 to surrender al ( 
 
 While I writ 
 from doubting tl 
 uill read his he: 
 of us rt'ould beci 
 who is aoing do 
 iween Boileau a 
 (tl' I'RINCIPI 
 (.'iiisedly upon ili 
 iiiinu, atid have :i 
 lulk with you til 
 tiiiue in this wa 
 .uu could then i 
 iiio.st likely to sti 
 
 I would like t 
 ■tl' there is no t 
 vld schoolism — I 
 have their candii 
 member me to a 
 
 [Xo. 91.] D( 
 imiiiediately adji 
 lor them. But ) 
 h;ivc offered thel 
 ami Banking C 
 seat ; but know 
 .lames L. (Jreei: 
 aiail himself, 
 
 Halsted will 
 Tuesday nc.\t. 
 
 It requires an 
 get it introduces 
 privileges has 
 
 We therefore 
 bome other met 
 iiblc character 
 closures made. 
 
 We can raisi 
 propose to ask 
 
 An there are 
 you must tell 
 
 I forgot to le 
 thiak it necess! 
 
 [" 
 
 Send my cloth 
 Oii^ht such s 
 ing ' IVhei 
 
 ' lo. 9^ 
 
 C skill, .lu 
 
 with General 
 
 Bend by the bo 
 
 woman. She 
 
 [No. 96.] 
 ion.i of table v 
 
OLITICS 
 
 would do this in the 
 3 busineHs to support 
 A. C. FLAGG 
 
 t'a Election. 
 
 ling, Feb. 21, 1837. 
 jn3 in the Albany Ar. 
 veaiigjition. i nm luo 
 morrow, will place ihi 
 Tiif'sday, unless it u 
 IS WuiGiiT, a8to whom 
 icre was a niajoriiy oi' 
 •ar on Tuesday, they 
 uso he has inserted the 
 
 F. D. CUTTING. 
 
 How is money anj 
 
 good property to the 
 
 my name, call upon 
 
 16. I send you a little 
 
 F. B. CUTTING. 
 
 crest — be all for self 
 
 Market, Philadelphia, 
 our letter lust ninlit, I 
 t — I WHS much pleaseii 
 lave to be encoiintereJ, 
 ingement with Boilenu, 
 ij{ to endorse a note i, 
 cr, on lias point I woulj 
 
 iiiiiul iloiiincratie jnnrniils ii 
 n of Hpeiiker ( KilwiinlJ l,iv- 
 ever tlie jiidgtneiit of men i 
 here is hill one i>eiitinieiil nf 
 ire the uinniputenco uf |miIiI' 
 his own signuturc, in theci, 
 
 )tch pnrentn;,'e, ami Van Bu 
 wrote the iiiiove letter luei,' 
 Xiidrew Stevenson, who had 
 I'n,, ns a conservative, or ii!> 
 Hirer at the port of i'liilailr' 
 e aliiive letter, the sysleiim, 
 IS, piitrnnajie, and the snfeiv 
 id iiy udiiptini; whatever wii 
 , as Jesse Hoyt, Stephen Ai 
 e n new means of rernenlini 
 oel opposed that. Steve Al- 
 io yte»-o's suli-trensury than 
 shares, Secretary VVo'idliuti 
 •Jtl.oOII short, and the jiirijfi 
 le llipyt I I copy Dr. S'» le! 
 Htnnt-f,'e"erul of Pu., for llie 
 )ii\ver. 
 
 ontinnes Pnanc,) it wns (li< 
 ill the Itfrislatiire, who com 
 f ollice anions the consjiirn- 
 cret coinhiiiation ; every (m 
 part of the state, so tliiitthn 
 opie the knowledge of truth. 
 who considered the press n* 
 lands of ij;norance ; and tlut 
 > of virtue and justice; timi 
 us the friends oi" freedom, ul' 
 
 meniher of n cabinet vttiich 
 Suard the American |ieo|ile 
 3« of free election ? the pHins 
 state, for the welfare of the 
 
 'i^ M' 
 
 VERY LITTLE OF THUR PATUIOTI.^M WILL HE FOUND IN TAGR 
 
 J 83 
 
 just say, that for the present, nothing can he efrt'clcd in relation to otir scheme till Mr. Hoilenu 
 ri'turiislrom tiie state ol' New York, which will he in about 4 or 5 weeks. The truth is, M'C'ny, 
 iJuileau is but u child in politics, he is not lialfenotigl cuiuainted with the underhand work that 
 iiiiiiks the bold and discerning politician, I will tell you who I think will embrace this ech'.'me 
 much sooner than Boileau. I mean Win. Fiiidlay. He is so full of schemes and notions, that 
 he is liiernlly running over with them. But there we cannot well go — we have unfurled the flay 
 „l' discontent, and it would look cowardly to furl it up again, unless it should ha thought better 
 lo-iiirreiidi-r at disc re lion. 
 
 While I write this about Findlay, do not suppose that I doubt Boileau. No, I nm far 
 from doubting this mnn's honesty, but, I frankly contt-.-s, I doubt his policy. When I see him I 
 will read his iietirt. Findlay at this time .stands the best chance of any man I know, if a lew 
 of us vNould become recruiting sergeants in his cause. Moreover, he will be ho.^tile to Binns, 
 who is aoing down fast. You may think ine a damned sfranjie creature to be vacillating be- 
 tween Boileau and Findlay— BUT AS YOU AND I, AND ALL POLITICIANS, ARF MEN 
 111' I'RINCIl'LK IN PROPOIII'ION TO OUR INTFRUST, I have written to you undis- 
 piisedly upon this matter, ll' you have time to come down with Hurt in the stage some afier- 
 11(1011, and have !i long talk with me, you and I will understand each other more fully. I want to 
 talk with you about our joining with Leib. I wish to know whether the democrats might not 
 tuiiie in this wtiy in the city, I know they would — I wish you to go on the ticket, at your leisure 
 iuu could then make arrangeinents with Peacock, we would then be on the spot to join the man 
 iiiu.-it likely to succted. 
 
 1 would like to see you before I see Dr. Leib. I know I shall see him before the election — I 
 .-ee there is no chance for my success in the N. Liberties, e.\cept it be through the assistance of 
 v\d schoolism — Biissier, if he is rejected, will quit the party ; but by that time the opposition will 
 liave their candidate. We ought to watch them well now, and be prepared for the worst. Re- 
 member nie to nil our family — tell my dear parents that we are all well. 
 
 Your friend. J. B. SUTHERLAND. 
 
 A Secret Chapter in New Jcrsrij Specitd Lcgislntiuii. 
 
 [So. 94.] Dear Sir : I was too laic to-day in my application to Council. They met, ond 
 immediately adjourned without doing any business, so ns to get olF ii. . coach that was waiting 
 lur them. But you need not despair. I have seen Halstcd the member from Esse.x — he would 
 have offered the resolution if an opportunity had occurred. He is opposed to the Morris Canal 
 ami Banking Co., upon principle, and would have opposed their Ml, if he had been in his 
 seat; but knowing his sentiments, they watched the opportunity, nnd passed it in his absence. 
 .lames L. (Jreen says he thinks they have done wrong in letting that bill pass, and he would 
 a\:iil himself, 1 think, of any chance of crippling rhein. 
 
 Halsted will offer the whole rrsiilutioii and support it, whether the return is filed or not by 
 Tuesday nc.vt, and I think I can induce Green to assist ns a member of the committee. 
 
 It requires some little management and trouble; but Wm. Halsted and myself will engage to 
 get it introduced notwithstanding ouy return they may make. The forfeiture of their banking 
 privileges has accrued, and the return cannot restore it. 
 
 We therefore will introduce it ; have it referred to Halsted as chairman of committee, with 
 wme other member ((ireen if we can get him appointed,) and will get a report of an nnfavor- 
 nhle. character ; how far it will go we cannot tell — that depends upon the investigation and dis- 
 closures made. 
 
 We can raise snch a dust about it ns will brincr the President back to defend himself. We 
 propoge to ask the committee to give us a fair hearing, which the chaiiman will reudidly grunt. 
 
 As there are now two of ns engaged, and this is the last plank upon which we can make a stand, 
 you must tell your friends they must VROviriE accordingly in case we succeed in our operation. 
 
 I forgot to tell you to liavc the Evening Post sent to me as Editor, immediately, and if you 
 think it necessary the Times, Yours, &,c. 
 
 [" What affair is thi.=i? Who besides Hoyt can explain it?" — W. L. M.] 
 
 Heiid my clothes to my Washer icoman, hire my Inrtgiugs, and get Ducr to choose my Wines — 
 Ought such services to huoe been paid with ,§5iJ.()0U a ycir, and a douceur of $220,000 at part- 
 ing ' Wherein dues the favoritism of Louis XI I', and of Martin I. differ ? 
 
 ' fo. 9ft ] Martin Van Buren to Jesse Hoyt, Albany. 
 
 C skill, .lune 25. 1819. — Dear Sir: I arrived here last night from New York, and go to-day 
 
 with General Root in his chaise [or chnirj to Delhi. I hope to be in Albany on Friday next. I 
 
 send by the boat my valice, containing some clothes which I wish you would send to my washer. 
 
 wuman. She is the same vsho washes for Mr. Bleecker. Yours in haste, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 [No. 9G.] Satiie to same. Nov. 17, 1819. — Dear Sir: I wnnl about fifteen or twenty gal. 
 loin of table wine — say prime Sicily, Madeira, or some other pleasant, but light and low wine 
 
 \i 
 
 
 ' •• 'If' 
 
 ■'■■M 
 
164 
 
 IIAISINS, FIGS, PIPES OK WINE, POOR PEUTORS, AND LAW FEES. 
 
 I tr,- 
 
 M'" 
 
 to drink witli dinner. I wifli you would >;tt Mr. Duer, who lokrs ihis, to select it for me, >ni| I 
 buy it find send it up.t Gdt mo aNo » box of boikI rnisins nnd a hnakct of pood fijrs. and lend 
 them with ihe wiiu'. TluTf is yci JifjOl (I believe ihnt is ilie RUin) (hie ine from Mr. George (iris, 
 wold on my fee in the Wusiiinirlon [iliiit sienis lo be (he word] rfiuse, whieli I widi you would get 
 from liini mid (luy for the uIkivc iiriii Ics ont of it, and remit the hnhmce to me by Mr. Duer. 1|'| 
 you doiit gel it, Commoduri; VVi.sA iill will Kive you ilie mmu y, nnd reeeive it here ngiiin from ini 
 Excuse llic trouble I give you. 'I'iie re|H)rt von moutitin of the Cumptrollcr lius not reached lii>r,. 
 
 Your friend, M. V. BURKN. 
 
 [No. 97.] [Martin Van Uuren to ' irnfc Hoisht, I>.] , Wall St. N. Y.' 
 
 April 29, [182(f.] Dear Sir: I shall leive here with Tne^•day'8 boot, and will Hiny in N. Yotk| 
 Bome lime, I wish you wi uld get t'or me, from Mr.s. Henderson, the use of her liitle pnrloi ntiil 
 a bed-room — nnd if she cannot acxoinmodaie me, p[ot it clsewliere. I would, however, prefirl 
 altogether to stay with her, but can't do without ii room other than n bed room. 
 
 / think the election is safe. Youis in haste, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 • No 98.] Martin Van Bitrrn Ic.nih his Miine» h]i thr ,$.') to the Poor, and buya Wine bytl.\ 
 
 ripe for the llich. 
 Attorney General Van Buren to Mr. Je.'se Ilovt, N. York 
 
 June 21, 1820. — DenrSir: .Fust as 1 was pnjng from New York, Abrnlmm P. Van S — 
 
 who is a elerk in .faeoli I. Barker's store, -loC) I'earl Street, a nephew of John C. II , Esi] 
 
 borrowed JljilO of me. under a promise to send it up, which lie has not done ; nnd, from whnt Mr 
 Hogeboom tells me, I apprehend he did not intend lo do it, 1 wi.-h you would see him and nink. 
 him pay it to you. Ask tlie Secretary about the enclosed. I have never hear,! any thine nboc: 
 it Binue I paid my $10. ' Your friend, M. VAN BUREN. 
 
 [No. 9[).] The same to the same. Date and place torn off, 
 
 "I am afraid von will beein to think me a very troublesome friend — but I AM CON. 
 STANTLY THH VICTIM Of IMPOSITION— that man Plim( ton who own the Ahnlm, 
 BORROWED FIVE DOLI,.\RSt of me, when he went oft', undf a promise to send it up. 
 If you happen to fall in with him ! wish you would him— -lie is ,i graceless dog. It woni 
 iiicoinrnode me very miieh if I should not have my carriage next week. The Governor is tot* 
 qnnlitied to day, but Albany is as quiet as a church. It is said that ellorts have been inndc; 
 raise the wind, Imt in vain. Mr. Clinton is universally considered here as politically dpl'iinc; 
 I will believe that there is nothing in the story I h<'iird in Pliiladelpliia [a part is torn off] niiiii 
 courtesy, and will want them. I go from hence in a fi'w days. M V, BUREX. 
 
 P. S. Mr. Hoyt will oblige mo by presenting the above to Mr. Beekinan, and transiniliir-; 
 me the money." 
 
 [No. 100.] Martin Van Buren to .Tesse Hoit, 40 Wall Street, N.Y. 
 
 August 20, 1820. — D. Sir: Yon will oblige me by presenting th(> above draft to M. Kaiifn' 
 and the within check at the City Bank, wiio will, of course, nive you the money for it, whj. 
 pay to Dominiek Lynch, Esq, for a half pipe of Wine I bought of him sometime since. I hav? 
 mislaid the bill, but I believe this is about the amount. If thert^ is a difl'ereiice, pay it. nnd ii 
 me know what it is. M. V. BUREN, 
 
 [No. lOl.] August 2,3d. — D. Sir: I enclose yon a draft this moment received from Mr. Kat 
 ner [or Kiiufrnan]— he so irood as to ii:-e it as bet'ore directed, nnd to call on Mr. Kaufman, i':. 
 say to him that I have received the J^l.'iO — that his cause has not been renclied on the Cnleti'!-; 
 — and of course goes ofl^ until the next term. My prospects of siirress arc s:ooil. Give Mr. K, 
 the receipt on the other side. Your friend, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 [No. 102.] § E. Livingston to J. Huyt, on Butler's influence, Van Buren's young tribe, ani 
 
 New Leaders — Jesse's Stock. 
 
 Albany, Feb. 24, 1821. — Dear Iloyt: The Notary bill will not pass, nor will any regulaiicj 
 be made conccniing Commissioners or Masters m Chancery. Do you wish Ward appointeii 
 
 t Mr. Iloyt W!U at tlie Frnnklin House, New York. 
 
 J llcnnetl declnres in hi-. Hernld (Oct. 3, 184.")) ftiut lind lie known timt ^,'5 or SHO wore of so much impnrtnn" 
 to Mr. V. B., nnd tlmt Mr. V. H. reqiiired the endorspinent of ('. C Cnmljrclenfr to ennlilc him to hnrrnw SV><! 
 wlien he wrnt to Wiisliinglna as Jackson's spcrctury of state, he vvoulil never liiive attempted to horrow JSci 
 tliro' his influenre 
 
 ON M 
 
 Maiter? Ify 
 CuMip— some I 
 o/ th ' party u 
 collisions wliicl 
 he Would be d 
 thing for himsi 
 training for the 
 The party is in 
 into a great mii 
 |)le him to give 
 that he was mi 
 appointed his J^ 
 York, for I am 
 
 [No. 103.] £ 
 Mr. Van Bureii 
 u|° wheat I am 
 
 f * * * 
 
 [No. 104.] 
 Alliany, Deci 
 from Rhode Isli 
 ness may possilj 
 tal, &-C. Now 
 mall chance of 
 .sions. You art 
 be careful or eh 
 an ounce, not o 
 111' Taht is n 
 commodities en 
 scribe the same 
 as you dont 
 should esteem 
 I will rid yuii 
 in your letter 
 a visionary 
 pears like doi 
 Your poet 
 nrehenil it. 
 I'pived with a 
 are no persons 
 quently the to\ 
 money by you 
 
 ha 
 
 
 [No. 105 
 Albany, D 
 eautious. I 
 want to have 
 a.antion it to 
 clerkship, but 
 Esleeck's onl; 
 Cramer has 
 respects hims 
 Romeine for 
 ken to Muns 
 more, and es 
 » » * J 
 
 me a lift. I| 
 
 heyden. * 
 
 t Peter R. Lil 
 Ho was the niT 
 Senate of ,\. \1 
 bim ai " iipagil 
 
\.\V FEES. 
 
 lo Bclect it for mp, and 
 I of good fijrs, and Bend] 
 Ifrom Mr. George (irjj. 
 |i I wi-ili you would gf 1 1 
 me by Mr. Diior. [f 
 it ht'TL' ngiiin from iir 
 iT liua not reached licr.. 
 M. V. BURKN. 
 
 |N. Y.' 
 
 [lid will Hiny in N. Yotk| 
 of her little pnrlot ni;,] 
 /(lukl, however, prel.ri 
 room. 
 
 M. V. BUREN. 
 
 and bwja Wine hyt}i,\ 
 
 York. 
 
 Abralmm P. Van S — . 
 
 f John C. H , Esq 
 
 )iie ; nnd, from what M- 
 
 would see him and m;is> 
 
 r hennl any thine ahoir 
 
 M. VAN BUR EN. 
 
 itn nnd phice torn off, 
 
 end— but I AM CON. 
 
 II who own the AhoUn, 
 
 n promise to send it up. 
 
 granoiess dog. It won 
 
 The Governor is to 1 
 
 llorta have been made! 
 
 sre ns politically dpt'iinc;. 
 
 [a part \» torn off] nm " 
 
 M V. BUR EN. 
 ekman, and transiniiiir; 
 
 Street, N.Y. 
 love draft to M. Kaiifn*' 
 1 the money for it, w!ii . 
 sometime since. I hav 
 Jifl'urence, pnv it, nndlt: 
 M. V. BUREN 
 
 received from Mr. Kau'. 
 nil on Mr. Kaufman, ai: 
 
 readied on the Calen:!-; 
 I arc s;oi)'l. Give Mr. K, 
 d, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 hiren's young tribe, anl 
 
 I, nor will any reeulaiia 
 wish Ward appointed 
 
 were of so mucli impnrtn 
 eimble him to horrnw .?4(K» 
 e attempted to borrow fi^' 
 
 Ions time. TInvine rcmovp; 
 aiicocedej Clmrles Ffiimiilu': 
 llip fe.s?ion of I83P. He w 
 lid liirt linen liisriepiitv. T!i 
 resj, Dec'r 18:i8. "The lie-;; 
 tl EHwiird Livineston, ivlui: 
 
 •corn of every true democrd 
 
 ON MAKRIAGE — OKFICE-IirNTING — KEGENCV rOMTICti I\ l'^'2l. 
 
 186 
 
 faster? If you do, a line to Butler would fix it. 'I'hert appears to be some discontent in the 
 Camp — some say that we nuiHt have new leudurs, but I believe all is hiit'r. nnd that the power 
 of th.-- portij will be permanent if oidinurii dixcirtioii is nucd. t I'rtcr li. tuld iiic tliiit if iho 
 collisions which have taken jilaci' since had liappeiit d bctore the New York ajipointinentM, that 
 
 he wiiuld be d d if I should not have had my iippointnu'iit. .Siithirlaiid did not want any 
 
 thing for hini.self, but went away quite in a nuFr. '.'.iii Biireii'a ><)Uiig tribe, that hi^ has hern 
 training for the last 18 monihs, tliou<|lit tluy could rule the Stati', but he is too eunniny; for them. 
 The party is in an unsettled slate ; we wniit a linn leader. We inusit putf up suine of our clan 
 into u great man, Bowne is pris.-.inii the bill to divide the nmyortilty iih fa.st as possible, to ena- 
 ble him to give us u mayor, iltc. But who they will be he keep-i to him rlf Hatch writes me 
 that he was much siirjirised at my sudden departure. I should like to know whether Noah hag 
 appointed his Att'y. I do not think he will give it to us. I should be very glad to be in New 
 York, for I am tireil of Albany ; « « « « Believe me, dear friend, 
 
 Yours most sincerely, EDWARD LIVINGSTON. 
 
 [No. 103.] Same to the same — Nov. 22, 1«21. — Dear lloyt : I supjjose you will learn from 
 .Mr. Van Buren and other friends every thiiifj new and interesiiiit; « x » Owing to the ribB 
 ot' wheat I am fearful that United States Stock is lower, but (iod ^raiit you n saf* deliverance. 
 
 «***♦! think you had better try your hand tii matrimony. 
 
 On Marriage — adrirr to Jloijl — Albany vrrij dall. 
 [No. 104.] Edward Livingston to Jesse lloyt, at New York. 
 
 Albany, December 5, 1621. .Aly Dear Jesse : I presume that you have by tliia time returned 
 from Rhode Island. Your visit to Htiriford was, / i,'"e.'<,'*, about a ((rtain libel puit, which buei- 
 ness may possibly cost you some money. You are be<,'!,'arly poor ; gr.uiled ; pretty sentisnen- 
 lal, &-C. Now, in my opinion, if you jjei married on the spur of the occasion, you stand a 
 imall chance of bein;,' taken in — as you are iis apt as other lolks to be deceived by iirst iinpres* 
 .lions. You are generous, and therefore the more danger. Your statulmg in society is very good, 
 be careful or else you niiiy be worse off. As Noah says, I'rithee ^ood Mr. Aotheeary give me 
 an ounce, not of civet, but of common prudence : But you will ask ' how the devil shall I take 
 it)' Talu is more than 1 know, I do assure you. It is a pity that there is no shop where such 
 commodities can be bought, for 1 shoidd like to take a pretty powcrlul dose, and would pre- 
 scribe the same to my I'rieiul Hoyt. * * * * * * 
 
 as you dont appear to care what you take by frefjuenting No. ,').'), ^e. If a woman that you 
 should esteem shouhl have too miieh money, get me to dr.aw up the marriafie articles, and 
 I will rid yoit of all difficulty u|)on the subject. You ask me to dispel the diHiciilties stated 
 in your letter, but in the first branch of your .■irgument you e.yplicitly admit that they are all of 
 a visionary character and complexion. My advice is, not to think of getting married. ; it ap- 
 pears like doing the business by the job. Jfsr iCKi-.r ((i-tf.T ANn vor wiLr, UK MAiiitir.n soo\ enough. 
 
 Your poetry I have no doubt was very fine, but I did not c.\aeily, as Lord liyron says, com. 
 rrehend it. The why, itc. You need not apologize for your letters, for they ;ire always re. 
 ceived with a cordial welcome. Sheriff Gansevoort is going to make a dye of il they say. There 
 are no persons here with wliom I associate but Denniston and King, and Henry Davis, conse- 
 quently the town must be very dull to me. I think by present appearances that you will make 
 money by your stock contract if you hold on. 
 
 « * #■ .* 
 Yoiiis most sincerely. 
 
 H. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 Speaker Liringston canrasning for the (Verkuhip of the Ansemblij. 
 [No. 105.] Edward Livingston to Jesse lloyt. New York. 
 
 Albany, Dec. 21, 1821. — Dear Hoyt : 1 am fearful that Hatch is a snake in the grass, so be. 
 cautious. I have understood that Mat Davis is coming up to Albany with the members. I 
 want to have him engaged in my favor. Judge [ W. IV] \'an Ness will do it for me, if you will 
 rr.ontion it to him. « * * Benjiimin Knower says he will not interest himself about th«! 
 clerkship, but is committed to support Eslieck if he does any thing. Butler and Knower are 
 Ealeeck's only friends, and [Judge] Skinner is alone in backing [Hpliraim] Storr. * * " John 
 Cramer has been very active in my behalf * * * James Burt, and every oilier man who 
 respects himself, will not vote for Vonderheyden. * * I wish that (Inrdiner would speak to 
 Romcine for me, and explain how things stand. I hope Hatch has written to Boston nnd spo- 
 ken to Munson. I want you to have every member of tli(,' N. Y. delegation spoken with once 
 more, and especially Mr. Verplanck, (by you,) who could, and I doubt not, will, do me much {rood. 
 * » * I wish you would ask Butler, when ho thinks that E. has no chance, if he would give 
 me a lift I was very sorry to learn that Mr. Ulslioeffer was determined to support Vonder- 
 heyden. " • * * E. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 t Peter R. Livingston of Dntcliess Co. was electeil Spcnktr of the .Asscmlily, by 117 out of 123 votes, in Jan. 1P93. 
 Ho was the nio.n ultrn of (iovernor Clintipn's opponents. In .Inn. 180H, Mr. Liviiipsioi) wiis clentod President of the 
 Senate of .N. Y., and lias JDnj; been n niu'l dpfidcil p(itli<iin of llHiiry ».'lay f'lr llio I're'ideney. Hammond de?ordie!t 
 bim a» " iiPBginative and eluipient." 
 
 
 
 -.' -J^Jf. 
 
 ■i -.r 
 
 If 
 
if- 
 
 leo 
 
 THE WAY THE DEMOCHATIC LEADERS MANAGE ABOUT OFFICES. 
 
 1:1' -i; 4'''' ■ 
 
 f 4;. T ' ;-t 
 
 
 Noah'a malignity — Ulshoeffer'a cunnirtg — Tompkins, Yates, Spencer, Crolius, tje, 
 [Nc. 106.] Edward Livingston (Speaker, &cO to Jcssn Hoyt, New York. 
 
 Albany, Jan. 21, 1822. — Dear Hoyt. * * « Our people all seem disposed to be in good 
 humor witli each other, iind ridicule Noah's attempt to interest the party in his peisonul fqi.ab. 
 bles, and say that he makes an unjustitiable use of his paper to gratify liis personul malignjiy. 
 * * "* UishoeffVr is even more cimiiing than I supposed him, before the accurate inapeciinn 
 1 have given him for the last three weeks. As to PriHiiJent of the IJ. S. oi\r people dont know 
 what the devil to think. Tompkins drinks too hard — so they say. I wish our people w. mil 
 back the Secretary of the Navy [Smith Thompson], but he appears to have a small body of 
 fricnils. His conduct about the post ortice here has done him some service — and Adams's letter, 
 
 together with his 4ih of July onilion, is enough to I) n any common man. Governnr, [ 
 
 should like to have Yates chosen for it, but they say he will keep Spencer on the bpnch, « Ind, 
 some people do not like. * * * 1 keep my lounge as close as pos.-iible, and attend to my 
 own business. * * * J will get the Exiiminri birth for Wiird if p issible — il" tiot, [ will ^^.-t 
 it (or you. Tell & Cambreleiig that I atn satistifd, titid so are the people here, that our niPin. 
 bers of Congress icerc entrapped itito signiui,' lor S. Van Flensselaer [to be V. M.at Alliany.', 
 Crolius and Hale electioneered f.u' each other. Hale was to make Col. Crolius spraker, tinil iiic 
 fuvor was to be relumed. Crolius is a " * * *, and I hope you will fiiul ways ,aiul 
 means to keep him at iiome. Iklieve me, as ever, yotir true and sincere iVii'iid, 
 
 K. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 [No. 107] Senator Van Uureii to Jesse Unit, Attorney. at-Law, N. Y. 
 
 Georgetown, Col'a, Jan. 23,1822. — Dear Sir : Be so good as to deliver the enclosed, \Vc 
 have nothing new here. The Batikrupt Bill is under discussion iti the liiiuse — its fate is becnni. 
 ing more douhti'ul. Please to get and send me the Aiinrican coutaitiius.' ilii' numbers of 'the 
 Federalist of 1789' published last summer. In haste, your friend, M. V. BURKN. 
 
 [No. 108.] Senator Van Buren to .lesse Hoyt. — Washinoton, Jan. 28, 1822, — I have this 
 moment received yours, for which 1 ihatik you, and beg of you tis a favor to write me ot'ten in 
 the subject ot the interesting concertis that iigitale you. I'or the present, I have only to say that 
 1 never heard of the report that Mr. Sanford would not accept one of the vaennt missions until the 
 receipt of your letter. Mr. Kinj.', however, heard such a suggestion. I am liowcver entirely con. 
 fident that that report had no intluence on t.ie question. 
 
 In haste, yours truly, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 No Bitrktail no Office— a sinsular Chnncenj sah — 'Slop nnj Newspu^ifi-' 
 [No, 109.] Speaker Livingston, to .lessc Hoyt, N, York. Ar.nANV, March Sfi, [lf*)l-2.] 
 Dear Hoyt: I was unable to procure the appointment of Ward as an E.vaniiner in Chai-cun' 
 as they thought here that HE HAD NOT BEEX A HCCKTAIL LONG ENOU(ni, ami 
 they would not let your merits count in his favor: I therefore changed my ground and had you 
 appointed.t I hope this will be grateful to you ntid my friend Wtiid. Let Word act as your 
 sworn clerk. It is supposed the legislature will adjourn about the lOth of April : the sooner thi' 
 better. Everything in the political way goes on smoothly. Young looks as if he had been hied ; 
 I feel sorry for ur»succes.sful candidates. I think in this state we ottght to have a peculia' 
 prayer for such people, and especially one in the common Prayer Book. I shall soon have the plea- 
 sure of seeing you, Write me a long letter. Yours sincerely, E.LIVINGSTON. 
 
 [No. 110.] Same to same. Ai.haw post mark. May 14, 182—." I have abandoned tt'l 
 idea of settling at Albany. The ehaticellor has been .so much perplexed, harrassed of late thai 
 he this day permits his funiiture to be sold at sheriff's sale and bouaht in.j This will be tny 
 apology to you for this short letter * * * Seymour, it is supposed, is elected in the Wcr- 
 tern District. Make me one of the Committee in the first ward [of N. Y.] for mmindtine Tell 
 Hatch to attend to it." 
 
 v> ■ 
 
 I, ' 
 
 t Hiimmon<l tells in m imje 1 |i> of liu 2n<l vojnnic, tlint iinilcr the liiw of |.nrty, then mid now pfpvniliii", the 
 Ouvernor most cnrry lot,, ellerl the wishes of his polilicnl fricn.ls ; that is, ho is a more tool of the fucti , nf e 
 hour. Riicl mu8t ono.e to the Seiinle i.s lit cao,ll,hites for otlico, whocvvr a caoc.i, or coutity inuiority of po iticimj 
 mfiydiotnte. This is setting re|.ol.Iioiiii ?<.vcriiniPiil nt .Icliniice. ' »>.l>>niy poiiuumu 
 
 It hnd been the custom toapix.int ii iiotnry iinhhnforeiich hnnlcnnd ns he wns n hank nffpnt tliPDireptors nnmeil 
 urn, without relerence to lus p.miics. The niiiended constilolion vuraloH nil olIice,-(;hester Bilklev telle?' 
 the state bank All'miv, was renommended by the Directors f„r re-appointoienl. lie was a nmral ma i of hieh ■! nr 
 acter, and an elder of B. F. Biitler's favorite rhureh, hot heeanse he .litfered n little fr,.m Van R ?en"s Zvi-n- 
 r.i, system, the senate re.iected Governor Yates's no.nlnafi.oi, and refused to let that pettv nfflee he filled hvnnv 
 
 '»:a v!.''wSo;:^irprndero/l^'";ubiic""''' """ """'""' """ "•"•' """=""""^ '■"' "'" '""''^'°" «'■ v-- b-- 
 
 t Can tliit allude to Chancellor Keut? 
 
 1 
 
:t offices. 
 
 enrer, Crolius, ifc. 
 t, New York. 
 !m disposed to be in good 
 rty in ills persoiiui sqi.ab. 
 
 his persoiiiil maligniiy. 
 e ilie acpiirate iiispecijna 
 S. our people dent know 
 I wish our people w.iulj 
 to iiave a small body of 
 ice — and Adams's letter, 
 iinon man, Goveinfir, I 
 ncer on the bpnoh, « Inch 
 los.-iblo, and attend to my 
 
 pssilili' — il" not, [ will f»,.t 
 )ple hep", that our nieiii. 
 I to he P. M.at Alhany.: 
 Crolius speaker, and liic 
 you will find ways anj 
 re friend, 
 
 K. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 ^aw, N. Y. 
 
 leliver the enclosed. We 
 lliiiise — iin (■|it(! is beconi. 
 miim llie nimiberH ot' ' the 
 d, M. V. BURKN. 
 
 1. 28, 1822.— I have tin. 
 iivor to write iiii> ol'ieii in 
 ■nt, I have only to say that 
 e Viiennt missions until the 
 I urn liowever entirely cun. 
 
 AI. V. BUREN. 
 
 n/ Newxpniirr.' 
 
 HANV, ]\Iareii 2(1, [IW-i.' 
 
 n E.xaniiner in Cliaii'-ery, 
 
 LONG ENOUCUI, ami 
 I my ground and had ydii 
 I. Let Ward aet as your 
 li of April : the sooner the 
 iks as if li(> had been bled ; 
 oupht ti) have a peculitir 
 
 I shall soon have the plea- 
 i;. LIVINGHTON. 
 
 — .'' I have abandoned nil 
 ed, bairassed of late thai 
 It in.J This will be my 
 d, is eleeted in the Wrs- 
 L] for rjominating. Tell 
 
 tliPii mid now prpvnilin?. tlip 
 ipre tiHil of the fiicijoii of llie 
 county umjority ol |iolitieiiiin 
 
 nnk njfptit tlin Direotorji ntitneil 
 en— Chester Bulklev, teller ii( 
 viis a mural iiinn oriiieli chiir- 
 from Vnn nuren's parfv cm- 
 t petty nfflee he filled bv luiv 
 i-li hank stork, directors,' oHi- 
 >r the elevutiun of Van Buroii 
 
 HARD TIMES WITH VAN BUREN — LIVIN'GST0N'.S GO.SSIP. 
 
 187 
 
 [No. 111.] M. V. Buren, to Jes'se Hoyt. — Ai.ba.ny, June 2d, 1S22. Dear Sir: I wish you 
 would pay my old friend Mr. Carter.t what I owe bun, and nsk him to discontinue hispoper. It 
 IS UNNECESSARY TO SAY that I am influenced in this solely by a necp.ssitij to curtail my expenses of 
 that f'escription which are too heavy. Your fri'.Mul, M. V, BUREN. 
 
 Uhhoeffer praised — Gibbons the Butclmr — Hoyt — Van Uurea — Officcn — Swearing, ijc. — Jacob 
 
 Barker, 
 [No. IIQ.] Edward Livingston, Albanv, to Jesse Hoyt, N. Y. 
 
 June 3, 1822. Early in the morning and quite warm at Albany, alter sundry refreshing 
 showers. My dear Hoyt : * * * * * Ynur friend Don Jann, queer as it imiy seem, reminds 
 me of Lord Coke, for he says that it is not trom m:-ny booUs that a man deiiveih knowledge, but 
 from the well undersiandini; of a few. * * x Mr. Vnn Buren is here, but intends going to 
 Schoharie this week with Judge Sckinner, to ste Sutherland. How does Ulshosffer come on? 
 1 sincerely hope they will not be able to break him down, as I ihink hitn the flower of the tloek, and 
 indeed his frankness and steadiness must always connnend him to the l\cpul>lir.'in parly as oni^oi ha 
 hpst men. About your being crazy, I do not feel alarmed, tor you hiive already had the strength 
 fit' your nerves tried, and they have not been found wanting. ' ' * ilnw would you like 'I'alcott 
 lor chief justii-e ? Gibbons the buloher wants to be nmyor of Albany, and Southwick goveriwr. 
 Hiiz/.a for universal sullrage ; when connected with universal knowledge and liones'ty, you would 
 perhaps add, to make it a little safe. How does Judire W. W. Van Ness come on, and is Wm. 
 P. going to South America ? Amen, so lie it, says .lesse. ■ * '^ ''' 
 
 Yours Miicerely, ED. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 [No 113.] The same to snmc. Albaw, July 18. Irt22.— * * * * * We h;ul a fmlic, 4th 
 of .luly, about 12 miles below the city, Judge Buel, J, Stevenson, Peter Gunsevoort, &,e. We 
 had a turtle feast at Cruttenden's about eit'ht or ten diiys since, when ! sat between Mawne 
 Blfecker and Mat. Van Bnren, and received from the hitter sundry pniteslations, &.c. The For. 
 nines of Nigel i shall commence this evening, and hope they may Ik better than either yours or 
 mine. * * You will Inive svarin work this fall in New York. If ynu cm git on ilie [Assembly] 
 ticket you will (frankly) disappoint me as much as you have your Albany trnaids. They a.-ked 
 here,' Who is this Hoyt of New York that w;.,? engnge;' in a cause in Rhode Island, with Web- 
 ster, &c?' ' The store keeper,' said I. • The Store keeper 1' said they — ' well, what's this world 
 a coining to !' 
 
 Aluanv, July 24, 1822. — My Dear .Tesse, * * * * The people here are such cursed misan- 
 ihroiies, in their dispositions that I feel convinced you gave the city of Albany its true character, 
 while I labored under an error. 
 
 [No. 114.] August 13, 1822, Ai.i3ANV. (Please /<«)•» this lei'er.) Dear Hoyt * * * * since 
 my last letter I have beard your wonderful perseverance and various other estimable qualities 
 extolled by your friend Butler. I would fain tell the rest, hut will not make you vain. * * * 
 Beware of a restless desire to know what is said of yourself, for Solimnui saveth, " Take heed to 
 all words that are spoken, lest thou hear thy servant eur.-^e tliee." » * * Court was very full 
 :his morning. Judge Van Ness made .some motions— Buel wants to be Senator from this district ; 
 pii does Dudley — Talcott, Sutherland, and Wnodworth are currently spoken of as Judges of the 
 Siipicme Court. All in doubt about Ciiancellor. How svonKl you like S;ivage for Attorney 
 General and Duer for Comptroller? * * * I have left ofV Swearing, Chewing, and Smoking, and 
 Drinking. What a Deril ot'n mi.xture ! '■ * * The old rule was to briuii your mind to your 
 situation — the greatest misery in the world is poverty coupled with mngniliceni notions. Bo 
 moderate : begin with eider and get up to wine — not with wine and emiie down to eider. * • * 
 Who would make the best Chancellor — Harmanus Bleecker, Nathan Stinford, or iacob Barker? 
 They say Barker is the only man who will be able to keep up with in the rapidity 
 
 and wildness of his decisions — but thay say tlitit neither Van Bnren nor Jacob will take it. 
 No telling what wuukl take place if Southwick should succeed I * ' * Believe me, as ever, 
 
 Your sincere friend, E. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 E. Livingston to Jrssr Hoyt — ffnyt's appointment — ihr Elections. 
 [No. 11.';.] At.BANY, November 1. 1822. 
 
 Dear Hoyt: l have just received your letter staling Ihul my dear friend, Mr. Cooper, had 
 made a vacancy for you to fill up. To thank him becomiuL-ly, would be my great joy. Now, 
 in sobc-r truth, what could be better than to have you and Gardiner both here ? You have ex- 
 ceeded my expectations, for I did not think that you could aet the nomination. Gardiner, 1 al- 
 ways thought could come when he pleased to make the clfort. The ticket is a good one, and 
 one I hope that will be popular. Alas.' poor .hinius has too romantic a nauie for a legislator. 
 He had better go too New England and get christened afresh. Our people heie were all in hopes 
 that you would get the nomination, and 1 doubt not will be joyful on the occasion. We calcu- 
 
 t Nathaniel II. Carter was editor of the N. Y. Stntestnnn, nnH one ot the stenographers who hail repotted Mr. Van 
 Burcn's tpe chei in the state cunveiitiuu at Albany the year before. 
 
 : 
 
 r^^'V ^■. 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 'I 
 
 . i. 
 
 '•tf 
 
 ;■ 
 
<•*■<: 
 
 '■^V 
 
 ■^. >.'/■■ V 
 
 i ■..■■■■ -.v , 
 
 
 « ■; 
 
 
 i ' 
 
 
 
 l«3 
 
 KOYT A LEGISLATOR — SECttETARY YATE^— KUS^^ELL II. KEVINS. 
 
 late to get in our Senators, and to elect Jesse Buel, who is nlrciidy spoken of as Speaker, in case 
 he should be elected ; but this is inter nos. In Ontario, General Swift and his ticket will prevail. 
 Omnge county is said to be in trouble — Evans, it is said, will be elected to Congress in his dis- 
 trict, by the Clintonians and leaders. In Ontario, Dudley Marvin, a self-nominated geniloman, 
 together with Rose, a regular candidate, it is stated, will be elected to Congress. Sanford js 
 spoken of pretty currently, for Chief Justice, and Sutherland and Woodworih as the side h\n\. 
 tices. Do not give nie as the author of any political speculations of this kind, or of any other 
 kind. This is intended merely for your own information and amusement. Remember mo tu 
 Gardiner, Ward, &,c., and believe me, Yours, sincerely, E. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 P. S. — Lorenzo has just been here, and his eyes are as big as a tm saucer, and he aipoarsto 
 be rather glad, or so. I saw Bowne at the Reading Room, and he says he is glad you arp en 
 the ticket — likes the ticket, &c. He appears to be well pleased to be out of the way, diirinii 
 these troublesome times in New York. I shall he most happy to .send you the Rules of ihe. 
 House, as likewise the other Members after you shall have been duly elected. " The JTnmrahlc 
 Mr. Iloyf — it looks well, and hope it will sound well. Amen. 
 
 Secretary .J. V. N. Yates's Courteous E]nstle to a Member elect. 
 [No. llC] John Van Ness Yates, Albany, to .Jesse Hoyt, N. Y. 
 
 Albany, November 8th, 182r}. — Dear Sir : Permit me to congratulate you on your election lo 
 the Assembly. I'o find an Albanian after so short a residence in the metropolis of our siatp, 
 rising into notice, and securing the confidence of his republican brethren, is no small jjroi.i 
 of merit, and argues that those who bestow and he that receires can equally penetrate into, 
 and justly appreciate the character of a friend. Republicanism has triumphed in this county, 
 Federalism has died in agonies. Mr. R. Ten Hroeck of this city, a good, clever, poor fellow, 
 
 and a good active republican, wishes to be a door-keeper of the house, &p. 
 
 I am, dear sir, sincerely yours, 
 
 IJ. V. N. YATF.S. 
 
 Van Buren not fond of the. third hearens in the ]\[. iT. 
 [No. 117.] [To J. Hoyt.]— Nov. 14, 1803. Dear Sir— Why did I not see more of you 
 at New York? Judge Skinner, General Marcy and myself will come down with Saturday's 
 boat, and wish you to engage rooms for us at the Mechanics' Hull. If he can give us his liiijp 
 parlor for a sitting room and bed rooms, it will be well ; if not any other good rooms will dn, s.) 
 that ihey be not too high. I would rather stay onboard a vessel than go into his third heaven?. 
 If you cannot do better you may let General Marcy's room be on high, and he can have th»use 
 of my room to do his business in, &.c. In haste, your friend, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 Awcll known Wall St, Broker's Instructions to a lieprcsenlatire nf Tammany Hall, in 1823— 
 No small notes — Don't tax the Banks — Danger from the U.S. B. — fully of Connecticut — the 
 ' way Bank Capital is created in N. Y. — Our State Securities — those of Pa. — Keep cool, 
 R. H. Nevins, Broker, Wall street, N. Y., to Jesse Hoyt, House of Assembly, Albany. 
 [No. 118.] New York, .fanuary 2.3, 1893. Dear Hoyt : I did not mean to be under- 
 
 stood as opposed to the passage of Mr. Rathbone's Bill, only so tar as it falls short of what I 
 think it ought to be. 1 think the circulation of all Bank Notes less than Jive dollars, should br 
 prohibited. In mentioning the objections to his Bill, it was rather to encourage a more extensive 
 prohibition, than to recommend none ra all. Perhaps his view of the matter is more correct than 
 mine — and it might be attempting too mucii to go further at this time. 
 
 As to the alarming project of Ta.xation, it is one which I hope may be arrested. When 1 
 reflect upon the proud pre-eminence of our State ; the high character of its public securitiei", 
 the solidity and respectability of the most of our chartered Institutions ; when I see New York 
 stand alone among her sister states, an Emjnre, as it v>ere, surrounded by tributani Frovinees. 
 all looking up to her for examples of .lound Wisdom, of magnaiiiinoiis ptdiey ; confiding in the 
 belief that, as hitherto she has been thft great repository of their wealth, so will she continus to 
 be. When I perceive such a fair fabric; of political grandeur about to be overthrown, or at lensi 
 undermined, I cannot forbear repealing the sentiment so often in every .nan's mouth, " Whom 
 God," &c. &c. 
 
 Do the men at Albany consider how far the effects of such a measure may reach ? It will not 
 simply touch the pockets of the rich. The inhabitant of the Log House will feel it too. Why 
 
 t Mr. YnleR was a son of Cliief .Iiistinc Yatei. n distant relnlion of .loscpli {'. Yntes, a l.nvyi'r, Imd l)eoii Recir- 
 «l«r ol" Albfiny, tilieil Ihe oHice of Hecrelary of StHto in l>*i-i, nnd criiivnssLMl niriiinst Yhiimi; nnd for Ida own niimc- 
 snke, as the bu'iklail cniidirlnte tor JJuvoriior, wlio siicpeciled in Nov. l&ii, and had Ihc distrdintion nf the Brunt 
 (itfices of state, under the new constilntion. In Fel). IH-.2:i, ihn Inicktnil luHisialure reappointed .1 V. N. Y. in 
 Secretary, and Many as Comptroller. (Jen. Tallmadse was Marty's ooinpctitor ; but Van Ruren, though at 
 VVaihington, did his utmost to oppose Young and Cmmer's intluenre, which lliey vainly exerted for Tallmadpe. 
 Mr. Y'ltes was a friend of Adams, and opposed lo Ihe f^rawfurd, Van Rurou parly—and in Fel). Ir^Jti, he was re 
 moved by the legislature, 8.1 votes to 37, and A. i'. I'lajrsf. elected Secretary of State; with Marcy again as comp 
 Holler, and Talcotl nlloruey-general. \'ates is descriliod by Hammond us rather lax in his moral*, sociable, and 
 of engaging manners : he was much ntlfiched to riintmi, not ton fond of Tompkins, liked Houlliwick, and wn!> div 
 lined by Ambrose Spencer for not si:i.; rting Modisoii in Ihe early >ilag»s nf Ihe war. 
 
 A WALL 
 
 is it that a Farm( 
 (jueiitly his own r 
 be attempted? ) 
 l)e invested. WI 
 10 borrow. Will 
 eniption of the Ci 
 not the argument 
 the United States 
 now in high exul 
 wishes had expee 
 l,ecn for a long t 
 Will they not rat! 
 apprehensions wl 
 The .States of Co 
 iiig Bank Stock. 
 Ill some instance 
 The next place it 
 
 I understand it 
 jiciiy taxed in thi 
 aiiionnt of Bank 
 
 Suppo::e we hr 
 ifynii please. V\ 
 milie city ? VVl 
 !ars of specie, an^ 
 
 Suppose, for ai 
 Bunk i^luiies. II 
 likely as not may 
 flit of the miir 
 whiile [n mount i 
 111 borrow of the 
 iials are niade it 
 I tonal property tt 
 
 Contrast the c 
 I Is there one of t 
 I Canal stock of 
 I «lm'h (interest) 
 1 11" per cent. 
 I limy lie said tha 
 ihire is force 
 si'lf will be ve 
 I iir 108 ))er ecu 
 
 Write me 
 
 I w\?. Dont ge 
 
 I :n every day 
 
 ',01' speak of 
 
 if their error 
 
 in 
 ry 
 nt. 
 
 ■t 
 
 m 
 
 [No. 119.1 
 
 Ni;\v York, 
 
 lo-niorrow m(U' 
 
 vniir attention 
 
 |ii'r iindir the ti 
 
 tMr. Russel II 
 liiTt finllatm p'psi 
 
 Jfiil. Chiirli' 
 'i-lls (,s iliiii Mr. I' 
 liinl, Viin llnrcn 
 ;U1 .\».i»lMUl I'. M 
 iiiii.itor of \Vi\.-liiii 
 itr nf (,'pncral ,l"l 
 llevi.lulion. mill i 
 itiiit look Ihc leiu* 
 Vii-c President sli 
 Mr Crawforil, sai 
 \vi>hes. 'I'bis pr 
 l'rii?nd« of ftcciloi 
 |p|eilgc to '^Hppiirt 
 usniii't bis idedci 
 
KEVINS. 
 
 jf as Speaker, in case 
 lii3 ticket will prevail. 
 ) Congress in his disl 
 loniiiiated gentlrman, 
 ;oiigr(ss. Siinfiird U 
 orih as tlie side Justj. 
 kind, or of any dtli^,. 
 t. Remember ine ij 
 . LIVINGSTON. 
 :er, and he appears to 
 he is glad yon ari" en 
 ut of the way, diirini,' 
 ymi the Rules of the 
 d. " T/if Ilnnovahh 
 
 rhrt. 
 
 ou on your election lo 
 ('troi)olis of our siatp 
 ren, is no sniall ])rori|' 
 qually penetrate into, 
 mphed in this coimiy, 
 )d, elever, poor felknv, 
 
 .r. V. N. YATES. 
 
 jr. 
 
 I not see more of yoii 
 down witii Saturday's 
 e ean give us his lii'ilc 
 good rooms will do, s.i 
 into his third heavens 
 nd he can have thmisc 
 M. V. BUREN. 
 
 imany Hall, in 1823— 
 7i/ of Coniifclicui — the 
 if Pa. — Keep cool, 
 Assembly, Albany. 
 
 not mean to be under- 
 t falls short of what I 
 
 Jiiip dollars, should hr 
 irage a more extensive 
 er is more rorreet than 
 
 lie arrested. When I 
 )f its publie seruriiiP!>, 
 when I see New York 
 ?/ tributary Provinns. 
 oliey ; eotitiding in llie 
 lo will Hhe eontiniie to 
 )verthrowii, or at least 
 lan'a mouth, " Whom 
 
 ay reaeli ? It will not 
 will feel it too. Why 
 
 1 Inwvor, hnd liecii Recor- 
 inir mill for his own niimo- 
 > illslnbiitioii III' the cri^'i' 
 iippiiiiiteil ,1 V. N. V. HI 
 It Vnii Huren, though nt 
 ly exfifteil for Tftllmnilpe. 
 il In Feh. If^JO, lie wiis re 
 •Ith Marcy again ns com|i 
 1 liln mnraN. snolable, nnil 
 I HDiilhwIck, ami wnn iliv 
 
 A WALL ST. liKOKER UNFOLDING TIIIJ MV-iTURir.K (U STiiCIC-.tlUiUlNG. 
 
 l.^iO 
 
 is it that a Farmer in the State of New York can borrow on liis Land, and thus prevent fre- 
 quently Ids own ruin, when in some of our neighljoring States, such a thing is too vain ever fo 
 he attempted? What but our Laws, together with the great flow of capital that cornea here to 
 be invested. When will the Canal Loans be ta.xed ? Wiien the Stale has no longer occasion 
 to borrow. Will the holders of our Batik and Insurance Siock.s have any confidence in the ex- 
 emption of the Canal Stock from taxation any longer than the State wants to borrow ? Will 
 not the argument be among Men of Property, that it is better to place their properly in Stock of 
 the United States, or in the United States Bank ? Are not the friends of ilie latter looking on 
 now in high exultation at the prospect of their prediction coming about sooner than their own 
 wishes had expeeted it? "The United Utiitcs Bank will crush all the State Banks.'' This has 
 1,0011 for a long time the cry. Will our Legislature do all they can to help on such a result? 
 Will ihey not rather put a stop at once to the whole project, and by an overwhelming vote quiet 
 apprehensions which never ought to have been raised? Harm enough lia.s been done already. 
 The States of Connecticut and New .Tersey have driven away Capital to a large amount by tax- 
 ing Bank Stock. Real Estate has fallen in various parts of these States to half what it was ; and 
 111 some instances the depreciation has been two-tliirds. What has left them has come tons. 
 The next place it will go to if the tax passes, will be into United States Bank Slock, &c. 
 
 I niidersiand it lo be a very frequent remark of those in favor of taxing, that the personal pro- 
 ].irty taxed in the city of New York, is very small to what il ought to be ; and in proof of it, the 
 aiiioiint (if Bank Capital, &c., is cited. 
 
 Biippo:-e we have a new bank in the Bowery, with a million cajiital — or let it be five millions 
 il'yini please. VVill any man undertake to say it would increase the amount of per.«onal property 
 in ilie city ? VV hat would be neces.saty to make up such a bank ! (>nly a few thousand dol- 
 lars of specie, and bank credits for the balance. 
 
 Suppose, for argument sake, a man is v.'orth $10,000, and it consists of 100 United States 
 Pimk .shares, lie would subscribe to a new Btink — lie borrows ijlj 10,000 on his stock — and as 
 likely as not may put down for four time's that sum in the new concern, for probably 25 per 
 out of the money may be all that is called for, and his notes for the balance. Or, if the 
 whiile [amount of sinek at once] is' to be paid in, it is only for him by a little mnnagement 
 in borrow of the Bank, or of A. B. and C, by a pledge of his stock. B( I'.old then how our cap- 
 iinls are made up I — .'fjioOjOOO ! where there is only in fact ,<5ilO,000. Verily there is more per- 
 sonal |iio|)erly taxed than exists. 
 
 Contrast the character of our State seenrilies with any around tis, or in any part of the Union. 
 Is there one of the whole number that has the least credit in a foreign couniry I There is a 
 I'imal stock of the State of Peiui'iylvania, bearing an interest of fi per cent, ihe payment of 
 tthich (interest) is giuiranleed for twi'nty years by the Stale, and it now sells in Philadelphia at 
 !17 per cent. Our (,'anal slock having twenty three years to run will bring 110; per cent : il 
 iii:iy be said thai the Pennsylvania does not a'lar Mitee the ultinnite payment of the principal, 
 ihire is force in the remark; biii to make np for that there is every prospect thai the Canal it- 
 silf will be very produrlire. Such a stock in our State I have not a doubt would be worth 107 
 111 108 per cent. 
 
 Write me tigain atid ollen. 1 promise yon I will not asiain trouble you with any long let. 
 
 :ii«. Doni gel out of patience when you see Men act like fools, remembering always that it is 
 
 in every day matter, and would keep one always in a ferment, I make this remark because 
 
 op speak of being tired of legislation. Keep cool and try lo persuade our country friends 
 
 if their error Yours in much frienilship, tR, IL NEVINS. 
 
 The Sentinel to be the jVew York Patriot — C. K. Gardner. 
 
 [No. 110.1 W. Wilev, New York, to .Tesse lloyi at Al!iany. 
 
 Ni:\v York, January 2(>, 1H2.'1. Dear Sir: The bearer, Mr. Keiehum, proceeds to Albany 
 
 lo-morrow moininsi.and I have availed myself of the opportunity of leiidering my thanks for 
 
 vniir attention to the SKNTiNt-i.. A prospuMus is issued for the estaiilishment of a daily news- 
 
 |ii'r under the title of the t" ^^V/(' York ralrint," whieh we expect to be able to is.sue within a 
 
 tMr. niissfl II. NVviiis was one oniie Viro Pre^iilenls of the ureal Aiili 'roxns-aiinexatloii infietiiiR, al whirh Al- 
 krl rinllatiii p'PiiiiliMl in the 'rahernaeie, Hromlwny, .New York. 
 
 t ('ill. Clnrli's K. Cnriliiftr ciiniliiclpil tlip Pnlrint, !Mr. Henry W'lionloi; niilod in frpttliiir it np, and Ilnniinonil 
 !i-lls n |]iiit Mr. Ciilhoiiii vpiy prolialilv Pxerloil hiiiiscll' in starling it. Il tmik a ileciilod stMinl a^'aiinl Criiw- 
 linl, Van lliircn. and hi" KcL'em'v. (Iiiriliicr liail liecn aid lo (Jeiil. Ilrnwii dnriiij; the war. nnil was nftcrwards 
 iiii .h>i»eiiil 1'. M. <lirii'ral. This oliii-e hi" ii^'nin lillpil under Harry and KoiiiImII, iitid it i> snid lliiil he is now piisl- 
 iiiiistur of WnKhinj-ton, in iirpfi-rpiire to Kondall, liy the p\prp«« de-iro of Mr. I'olk. Mr. ( la rdiier married r. da npli- 
 leroft.'piipral .lohii McLean, of N. V.. an otlirpr wlio fi)nj.'ht sidp liy side with (JpcrtrP Ciintini in tlio days of the 
 iliivi.lnlinn. and ii said lo lie friendiv to that cxpellcnt PiliiPiitional nieasiiro, ('hpiiji I'lislapp. 'I'IipNpw Vork I'li- 
 Uiirt took the lead in oppnsitiini to Van lliirpii's rawcns noini.iiilinns. and nr;;ed that Ihe plpirlorn of President and 
 Vire I'resident shniihl not lie ehosen liv the nieinhersof the Locishitiire, lint hv t!;p pporle. Iflhn ]ipople lire for 
 Mr Crawford, said liip I'lilriol, lot Ihein have Ihe eloclion, and the niiinirity will rlipprfnlly nijrpp to their dephireil 
 WKhes. This nrnposnl wan resisted hy Van Huren, Thii-p, \Vii(;lit, Ilniler. I/evt, Marey and other prptendeil 
 liiijials of freedom, hnl assented to hy Governor Clinton and his snii|inrlprs, Wriirht. elerted ii senator under n 
 |ileilf!e to support a hill ,';iviii{,' Ihe peiiple Ihe elioii-n of idpelor--, wlieelid intii line under Van linreii and vnteil 
 ueninst \t\i niedfc;. 
 
 -l1. 
 
 ■..•!• 
 
 & 
 
 %"■ 
 
 !i 
 
 
 ■:■■ ,;*| 
 
 ■ 'I 
 
■ '"■;.■ 
 
 ►■'•,. 1 
 
 VI K--'r.i 
 
 %: -.fi 
 
 .J. It-- 
 
 
 ^i'; •■;■;■ 
 
 l';'-.-''^ 
 
 r^'- :' 
 
 
 190 THE ALDANY Ar>GUS A POLITICAL JIAC.MINF,, MOVED BV V. BUREN & CO. 
 
 short period. The Sentinel will ihen, of course, be merged, and our subscribers served wiih the 
 daily paper. • * * * * W. VVILEV. 
 
 ..4 Central Press, under Van Bnren's control, essential to the successful working of his Party 
 
 JLicluuery. — The Albany Argus. 
 
 [No. 120.] Senator Van Buren to his friend Jesse Hoyt. Jan'y 31, 1823. 
 
 I\Iy L)eai- 6ir ; lam overwhelmed with the account of poor Cantine's death I know that 
 nothinij from me can be necessary tosreure your zealous attention to Mrs. Cantine's interest, if 
 anything can be done for her. 1 hiive written to Mr. Hoes to beat Albany ; you will rtnd hiin 
 a must usetul man. I hiive also written to Mr. Biiel, which letter I Wiiiit you to see. Among 
 you all you must do the best vou can. if anytliine can be done for Mrs. C. I hi'pe and be. 
 lieve norepnbhcan will oppo.^e it. Mil. HOWS A.\0 MYSELF AHE lll::SPONSlBLli TO 
 Mil. BUiiL FOR $1500 of the list payment. If nothinp; better can be done, no person ought 
 ut least to be appointed mho had nut prcrioui^hi purchased, the establishment ; and under no circum- 
 stances ought ami one take appointed who is not a sound, practicable, and, A\iOV\'j ALL, 
 DISCREET rrpnblican. WirdOUT A PAPER THUS EDITED AT ALBANY WB 
 I\1.\Y HANG OUR HARPS 0\ THE WH.LOWS.t \Vithit,the ?^KTYrnn survice n 
 thousand such convulsions as ihour vhich vow a^itnte and prohnb'.y alarm, most of those around 
 you. Miike my sincere thanks to Mr. Duer and Mr. Sutherland for their kind letters, and tell 
 them I will write them soon. In haste, yours truly, M. VAN BUREN. 
 
 Judge Belts — Noah — Leake — the. State Printer — ' Nolo Ejnscopari,' with variations — ' my views 
 
 are humble.' 
 
 [No. 121.] Fi.Ktracts of letters. Judge Michael UlshoefTer, to Jesse Hoyt, at Albany. 
 
 N»w York, Feb. .*), 1823.— Dear Sir: -^ * * All eyes are directed towards Albany, and 
 your proceedings h'lve been of siieh a chanicter as to keep alive public intere.-i and expectation, 
 Let me kuow who is to bo put in [.ludi;e] Bcti^'s place? — who will be comptroller — and why the 
 app )intineu's to be made by the li'ixlslatiire arc nehiyed — who is to be our circuit and first jiulgi', 
 iSic? I retrret to learu by your leiteis, that in settling tlie salaries of the Judges, some feeling^ 
 growing out of the nominations, may be experienced. It u'as a surprise to me thnt Governor 
 Yates nominated the Judges before their salaries were fi.xed by law. It was not good |)oliry. 
 Wns the strong vote against Betls. evidence of the strength of the opposition to hi>n, or to llie 
 Executive, or was it only evidence of Young and Tallimidge's strength? Or how was it to bo 
 accounted for ? 
 
 I presmnc that our city appo'iitmcnts are to be recommended by the members, at least I hnve 
 been informed that such is the wisli of the Governnr. Will ymir friend Noali con.*ent to this''— for 
 I see by his p;iper that he rules at Albany, and that those who offend him are to receive no quarter, 
 Pray infirm me whether he is authoiized to say, as he does in his papir, that all who are nut 
 his friends had better stay at home or not ofli'r their names at Albany this winter? What art 
 yon doing about state printer, will not Lrahe obtain it? Let me also know whether anv o)n';i 
 or coneert-d opposition is made, or uudiing a^iiinst the Govtunor. I must again trouble you 
 respecting a suiall appointment in this city. Williiun A. Scely, Esq. who.se business is much in 
 the collecting line, is anxious to be continued a notary, and desires to he remend)eri.'d to you. 
 Heretofore, no consideration of politics has uoverued in tlie.se minor appuiutnients, and fur tliM 
 reason I have without hesitation written to you in behalf of sevcr.al of the present incimi'ien's 
 ^Vhnt is to be done in this rcfipnct hereafter, you must detrrminr. I feel some nn.xiety respect- 
 intr H, Wesinrvelt, who wi^^lws to he a notary, who has always hern a republican and lins:i 
 large fitnily. Do not forget him. You see I have given you room to write me a long letter at 
 
 your leisure. 
 
 Yours trulv. 
 
 M. ULSHOEFFoK 
 
 t (In tliH 'J.'itli olWiiffiisI, in If-if), .lo.'-e Biiol Inin'irorroil liis interest in tlic Allmiiv Arjinvto riintiiip t Lorike, ,il' 
 ter licins six years ?t;Uu printer. The Ciliiiiibiiiti nf MMri-li ltd, 18'JI, stiilcs ihiU Messrs, llnsfonl nf Alliiiny nlTcrfil 
 til dn the piil'lii: iirnlinj fur one Ihinl h^ss than thi- T.o?isl:itiire nficrwnrds agreed ti> |mv ("antine and l.enhe, niiil 
 Mr. .lohn C Spencer \va< (or letlin.'t tliem h;ive il ; Inil t'lshnelVer had prcvinii-ilv drdled the partv. and $7IK)0 (if ;iil 
 ditinnal pnilit ihii.s wpiU into ihe imrki'ls iift". and I,. In I'Vlpniary If*!!!, siiy.-i the N'orlliern WIul', " Martin Vnn 
 Hiiren havin? proriirpH himself tn hp mndr. .Snmtar of the IJiiilril .^tnlrs hij the, Irgislalive vwt v% — (for the mny 
 itil were, a/riiinst /(im)— 'hen diri'i-ted llie f iIImwiii^' npimiiitinent" td lie made, viz : .1. I. Van ,\loii. thi) half hriiiliiT 
 iif Martin, Purrni'iitc, and t(i lie the assistant jndjro nf the ('oniindii phias ; .Martin's lircther. Ahrahaiti Van Hiirpii, 
 t(i lie f'lerk ; a Mr, VViloiixnn, wbit is the iiirlner c.f Van Alcn, who is llic lirnther nf Martin, to lie Histriot AUni 
 iiev ; ("(irnel'ns Ildselmitn, wlui is the lir'iihcr-in-hnv cif Ahraliam. vv'in is t'lo lirntlier of Martin, is an aiRdnvil 
 I'ommissidner ; Harn.'t Hues, wild istlic lir itlirri:i-la\v of Martin, Dnpnlv SherilVfor KinderhdiiU : and all thoe in 
 the rcMiMtv df Cnlnadiia. Then near liv in Alhanv, .Mines I, (."antine Ihrj lirdlhcr-iiilaw, alsn. of Martin, is Hliili" 
 Printer; and Ilenjainin K. Butler, the |iarlner-in7((w nf Mariin, is Distri't .\ttnr ley," " When Hiiel scdd the .Ar/tiu." 
 stivn Hnm ndiid, "the enn ,act u:is prdhalily, in reality, miide with the leaders of the democratic party." Iluw 
 true this is the above letter will slmw, 
 
 X Sninnol R, lietts. now V. S. I). C. ,iu\'ii\ NVw York, wa« noml'iati'd liv (Jdvernnr Yntnn, in .Iiinimrv, IfOI, ni 
 a supreme court Judge, under the new iMiistlHitimi, and rejected liy the Senate, while Snthfrland, innninati'd villi 
 hiiii, wus coiilirnieJ. Uotts wus iio.\t noininutcd by Vates us a. circuit jnd^'e, and the tiiine Senate ussonted. 
 
 AMERIC 
 
 [No. 122.]- 
 say that it was 
 I have no sucl 
 me to leave he 
 }Iy views are 
 office beyond t 
 intentions, and 
 will transfer il: 
 preferable to in 
 lious at A I ban 
 .eimiothly in fun 
 roines it that il 
 the lueiiihers' \ 
 ,».\pectafion of ! 
 write to your ob 
 
 The N. Y. dele 
 New York d, 
 Drake to a jn 
 [So. 12.3.] Jam 
 New YdHK, 1 
 the New York ( 
 ion, yon stand i 
 fciitntion from t 
 luHvever, that yi 
 very uncertain a 
 at present, I wm 
 yourselves as un 
 lam glad to fim 
 it affords me pie 
 much atiiusi-d wi 
 >viili the gr.'at I 
 iinrens,,niible ; a 
 di'fence of ihein 
 this class of mei 
 liesiiatidti in sn) 
 by which denouj 
 iliHir gifaf WfigJ 
 lilt' (•ovcrniiieiitl 
 lioiis, because il 
 teie.'ts, that the 
 wns a h ily, ti si 
 should have enll 
 Pi'the war, ihestT 
 whilst the (Jovef 
 pniciired, they il 
 ihi'y suii.seijnL'ntf 
 "bijterated. Y( 
 fiiirt'lu'eiier a nJ 
 Acenrdini: therj 
 liiri'h and ferule 
 a iiieuiher of tl| 
 wonlth and inti 
 iinr have they 
 iiiiiuence, or'oll 
 pcrous thing, it/ 
 '(^ loo nrrogantf 
 hmild regard i| 
 10 the guidance 
 
 *MiVhncH'l.«h([ 
 jii'lRe.«|iip, thn re\l 
 fthe lej;i»lalivc : 
 iiiir to f|>«iik to tl 
 "ige, and for thcij 
 to lie abolished.' 
 
JREN i: CO. 
 
 3ers served with the 
 W. WILEY. 
 
 irking of his Party 
 
 Jan'y 31, 1623. 
 leath I know that 
 Caniine's interest, if 
 y ; you will lind him 
 |rou to see. Among 
 s. C. I h>'pe and be- 
 .fc:SPONSlBLb: TO 
 )iie, no person ought 
 und under nncnv.um- 
 «;«/, AI50VKALI,, 
 VT ALBANY WE 
 .RTY ran survice a 
 most of those around 
 kind ieuers, Hiid tdl 
 1. VAN BUllEN. 
 
 mriations — ' my views 
 
 Hoyt, nt Albnny. 
 
 I towards Albany, mid 
 
 terc.-i and expectat.on. 
 
 iptroller— and why the. 
 
 circuit and first jndgi', 
 .Judges, ponie feeling, 
 to nic thnt Governor 
 
 It was not good poliry. 
 
 sition 10 him, or to the 
 
 ' Or how was it to be 
 
 lembcrs, at least I hnve 
 all consent tolhis''— fnr 
 re to receive no quarter, 
 r, that all who are iiui 
 his winter? What are 
 Lnow whether any (ip<.'ii 
 mist aniiin trouble you 
 lose liusini'?s is much in 
 be remeaiben.'d to you. 
 juintnicnts, and fur tlw! 
 the pie«ent Incnni'ipms 
 el some nnxiety respect- 
 (7. repiihlirnn and hnsa 
 vritc me n Ions letter at 
 .M, ULSllOliFFDU. 
 
 rjjiivln rMiitinr t Lc:ike, :if 
 rs. Iliisforil 111' Allmny ntTerf.! 
 imv<"antirie uixl l.enke. niiil 
 cdthe pnrtv.nnd $7000 iif ill! 
 ".Orlliorii Wlii'.', •' Mnrtin Viin 
 Uve c.vui I's— ( for the mnpr 
 I. Vnn .Mcii.tlio luilf lirntluT 
 iri'llicr, Aliriiluiiu Viin IIikp", 
 r Martin, tii l)e Oistrict .\n<" 
 ilier of Mnrtin, is an iiifldnvil 
 Kinderlindit : unj rill IliPfe in 
 -linv, iits", ol' Mnrtin, '» Hliite 
 " VVIkmi HiipI siiUI llie Arjiiis." 
 lie ilemocrutic imrty." Mow 
 
 ir Yntpo, in .Inminrv, IMT n! 
 e Sutlifrliind, mnniniili'd villi 
 suine Senate ussoniod. 
 
 AMERICAN MERCHANTS DENOUNCED AS A BAND OF ."MALIGNANT TUAITOUS. 191 
 
 [No. 122.]— New York, Feb. 18, 1623.— With respect to the Comptrollcrship, I can only 
 gay that it was not desired by me, and that I had so written betbic I received your kind letter. 
 I have no such views, 1 assure you. Even that highly respectable situation would not tempt 
 me to leave here and reside at Albany: Nor do I desire to be mndc first judge in any event. 
 )Iy views are mine humble, and I have no intention at present to beiotne a candidate for any 
 office beyond thnt ol' a Notary Public. Accept, however, my gratel'ul thanks for your fiiendly 
 intentions, and if I have an opportunity, I will reciprocate. Do not make a State Printer, who 
 will transfer the feuds of New York to Albany, and throughout the State. Duhiess woidd be 
 preferable to indiscretion. Do look to this. I regret that the appearance of things is unpropi- 
 lious at Albany. But is it necessary to oppo.-e Governor Yates/ Will not things go on 
 Pinoothly in future ? If the members of Assend)ly have recomtiiinded llie county .ludges, how 
 roines it thiit the Governor nominated Diirsloic, ttc. ! Has not tlie Governor complied with 
 ihe members' wishes in this respect? But I must conclude with my queries, in the c.^nfident 
 fxpeetation of another intereiting letter from you whenever you are at leisure, or in a humor to 
 write to your ob. st. and friend, * .M. L'LSHOEFFf.R. 
 
 The N. Y. delegation puffid — Jloyt^s Oratory — Public Opinion whimsical — The Merchants of 
 yein York deceptive, traitors in war, and not to be trusted in peace — Goicral Brown — Udp 
 drake to a place. 
 
 [Xo. 123.] .lames Campbell. Surrogate, New York, to Jes:?e Hoyt, Assembly Chnmher, Albany. 
 New York, Fell. 15, 1823. — Dear Sir: * * *' ^ You svish to know in what estinrition 
 the New York del( gation are luild by their constituents. As f ir as I can ascertain public opin- 
 ion, yon stand lorll ; indeed 1 bcliere J hazard tinlhing in asserting that we have had no Repre. 
 scntiition from this City for several years past that hus siven half the satisfaction. Recollect, 
 however, that you have nut as yet more than h:iU' iiiiisliid yuir labors ; that public opinion i.s a 
 very uncertain and precarious thing — inoro easily lost ill in acquired : and altiio' things look fair 
 ,11 present, I wnuld not lie at all surprised if, at the end nl the Sc-sioss, some of you should find 
 yourselves as unpopular ascertain of your pn-drci ssors. ]''r(im ilie debates which are published, 
 lam glad to find thiit you frequently adiliess the House ; and, without designing to (hitter you, 
 it affords me plejisiire to observe that your exhibitions as a spi ak^r, do you no disiTi'dit, 1 was 
 much amused with thai debate, where you had the courage to enter thi- lists, .-iiid to break a lance 
 widi the great Deiiiagorgon of our State. His attark on the morchiints v.-as unnecessary and 
 iinreas.inable ; at the same time, yon must pardon me for leliinir you that, in my opinion, your 
 di'fence of them displays more of the spirit of chivalry ilnn sound judgment. Of the conduct of 
 this class of iiien in the Revolutionary war. I e;in s:iy nothing, but during the late war, I feel no 
 hejiiaiion in s:iyin,' that the n ition is very little indebted to their patriotism. The merchants, 
 hy which denomination I mean the shippers and iinporier.i, as a body, oppo-rd the war, and by 
 ilii-ir u'leal Weight iind influence, they w( le but too successful in enibariissing the operations of 
 the (ioverninent. Tlieir conduct in this memorabie tontest, was the more culpable and flagi- 
 tious, heeanse it was in a great degree owing to their clamors, and chietly to protect their in. 
 terests, that the (iovernment was induced to take the firni stand which resulted in hostilities. It 
 WHS a huly, ti sacred war, declared anil waged to protect Free Trade and Sailors' Rights, and 
 should have enkindled into a bla/c every Intent I'eeling of Piitriolisni. At the commencement 
 of the war, these votaries of the Counting Desks it is true, made some professions of public spirit 
 whilst the (iovernment held over their heads their forfeited bonds ; but when their remission was 
 priiciired, they then dropped the mask, and how violently, maliiinantly, I may add traitorously 
 ihey suhseiiuently acted, is too strongly impressed on our recollections to be easily or speedily 
 ohiiterated. You say that (ieneral Brown was a mercliiint. Do yiui then consider n village 
 ftiirekeeper a merelmnt ? If I renieniber ri:i!it, this same gentleman was once a school-master. 
 ,\(Yordini: therefore to this mode of reasoning, we ntiiy yet e.vpeet to see the gentlemen of the 
 liiri:li and ferule also asserting ///e/;- pretentions to Patriotism, iiecause this same persmi was formerly 
 11 iiieinber of their humble but useful fraternity. The merchants, as a body, possessing great 
 wi'iiltli and intelligence, must necessarily e.\erciso a great deal of influence in every community ; 
 iinr have they ever been known to be wanting in availing themselves of the advantages of this 
 inlluence, or of being backward in urging their claims to superior consideration. It is a dan- 
 Ccreus thing, in my opinion, to (hitter a set of men already too inflaled, and always disposed to 
 ho too arrogant ; and altho' they are entitled to their share of weight in our National Councils, I 
 sliiHild regard it sis u most unfortunate event to see the destinies of our happy country committed 
 to ihe guidance or control of mercantile power and policy. 
 
 *Mic'lincl t'lslioctTor is n. ciiniiinjr polilicinn, nnd plnyi'd tlie deninansiie in tlin lesislntiire Inns; cnniisli loserure a 
 jiiilRo.sliip, tlip rpwiird iil" party services. When lie \Vin CMntmi had ceiii liidud his aiiiiiinl spoet li nt tlic oppnin;i 
 iiftlie k'jjislntive session, I'lslioeirpr iilitaiHcd li coinmittec of iniiiiiry, nnd rcporiod. in siili.«lnni'0, that fur n (lovor- 
 iiiir to speak to the Iciiislnlnre what he lias to say to tliein, inslend of wriliii),' it on paper and scndiiiK it m< a nics- 
 >iige, and fur them in reply to such u speech no iniitlcr linw discreet it inny he, " is areiiinunt of royalty," "und ought 
 to ue abulislieil," UiiiloubteUly usjieech in the must tesjiectful iiiude ut'tlie twu, 
 
 
 
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 1C2 V. BURE.V WITIinOLDSTHE STATE PRINTING [■KOM NOAH — JACOB BARKER. 
 
 This tedious digression nbout your speech has swelled this beyond the ordinary dimensions of 
 a letter • an effect which 1 did not foresee, or I should have taken care to have avoided it. Other 
 matters 'that I intended to communicate, must be deferred to a future occasion. I would thank 
 you to exert yourself lor my friend Mr. Drake, who is an applicant for the office of Master in 
 Chancery. Drake is quite a fine fellow, and I should be much gratified to hear of his obtaining 
 this situation. He has not been a CUiitoiiian for some years, and when he was one, he was a 
 fair and moderate opponent. Give my respects to your colletigues, Mr. Rnthbonc and Mr. Ver- 
 planck. Your iriend, +.IAMES CAMPBELL. 
 
 Noah, after the Printing— duel's fortune— Pi (idling Slate Patronage— being true to WJ'each 
 
 other. 
 [No. 124.] M. M. Noah to .Trsse Iloyt, Albany. Ni;w York, 23d Feb. 1823. 
 
 Dearlloyt:* * * « « Mr. Phillips will hand you this, and explain fully the object of 
 hisvLsit. IVith respect to the State Printing, I cannot but consider myself us unhandsomd^ 
 treated by those from ii^hnm 1 had a right lo expect a different coarse; and am positive that on 
 the death of Mr. Cantiiie there was but one voice in my favor. If mnnngemciit and intrigue. 
 could hiive been so successfully exerted as to wean away my friends or impair my claims, then 
 there is nothing lu expect from the justice of the Republican party. I cannot blame Mr. Bud 
 in wisliing to be secured in the i)aymenrs due him, but considering the difficulty we labored un. 
 der in bringing the Argus in the republican from the Clintonian ranks — considering also the 
 fortune which Mr. Duel has made out of it— I think that opposition does not come with a goud 
 grace from him, and that any further surciellance over the State Printint.' should cea.se. * » * * 
 I am nm so ceiiaiii that I can be deteatcd — but if so, I am williug to hazard a defeat, reserving 
 to myself the ri!,'ht of spreading the facts before the world, and exhibit the syvlciH of peddling 
 away the patronage of the Slate, * » » * Mr. Phillips, goes up to get_ a section, authori- 
 zing legal notices to be published in Tiif. advocate ... it is nuxssary IN RbiLATION TO 
 THE 'PRliSlDLlNTlAL QUKSTIDN. . . . He has full powers from me lo enter ink 
 any arrangement, or come to any uuder.-tanding, which may tend to kce^t things harmoniously 
 and comfortably ajloat, axd prevail schism and division in our ranks — this can only be done ij 
 acting Justly and fairly towards 'iJ^cack other. 
 
 Always, Dear lloyt, truly your.s, .M. M. NOAH. 
 
 Jacob Barker's prospects — he likes ' the fun' of IVur in Europe, and desires to see Young Xap, 
 
 crowned, 
 
 [No. 125.] .lacob Barker, at New York, lo .Tesse Ilnyt, at Albany. — Ni:w York, 12i1i 
 
 March, 182.'}. I\Iy Dear Sir: I have this moment committed to the tlames, a she'et * * * » » 
 As soon as steam takes the place nf ice, I perceive we are to have the pleas^ure of seeing you— I 
 hope it will be soon, for many rnaa.iiis, and particularly becaiisi^ Capt. Barker would he ghiil lo 
 see you before he goes south. He has f/esolved wiih tlu; .lohn ^Ve|!s — she goes into Byrnes and 
 Tremble's Liverpool line, and Barker goes to Mobil.:^ to try his hand niiain at Merchandizini, 
 having declined to coinmtmd a line ship. He left for BoPt(]n this day — returns in ton days, wltcn 
 he will be one of the firm of Barker &. Co. Ilalleck is in great spirits. * * * * I have 
 no news to tell you — am poor, out of bu.sineos, with bad prospects, yet cannot but smile at llie 
 freats of fortune — nnuiey very scarce, stocks falling. I have sold my bale [or coal] — lost )$352by 
 it — so vs'e go. I thank my friend Davis lor this favor — I hofie the like will be scarce. The E.\. 
 change labors not likely to succeed. What think you of the applii'ation for the Tradesmen's 
 Bank? 1 feel an interest in iis favor on nccoiml of Mr. Worth — yet I cannot believe it will 
 Iiass. Mr. Ross seni his ship Mary to Norfolk, where she loaded and sailed from .Jamaica — fniii 
 thence she goes to Mobile — from thence to Ijiverpool. She will probably mak(^ him a great viy. 
 age, while I, a poor devnl, am not making anything, But, nevertheless, very glad of it. The 
 
 t ^^r. Compljoll (lislikos the iiierclinntH ; Ilnvt, vvIipm in nfiice, wns uilwcirioil in lii' pflnrts lo Imrrnss nnd nnnov 
 tliein ; Riillor uiul \'imi Itureii were liis menlors jji that cmirse; lliii'lninl, I'rom llie TriMsiiry, iidvi.'^ns the iniirslni 
 III (lisfriinclii-e tln'm dii Junes ■ and llie rollDwinu u iiu p.vtracl cil' a letter I'rinn JiU-oh Uaiker to \V. \j, .Miickciuie, 
 dated Sew nrlc,in.i, (Jri. 'Jl, \fi\:\ . 
 
 •'It is true tiiat Mr V'lin Itnren [and Haniuel Vmin^'] ilid su|i|inrt Hnfiis Kinfr for n sent in the t.'nitod iftnli'i 
 donate, at ii time when llie repnldicin imrty wa.s distracteil vvitli ilissensnnis, and wlien the Kinu'". the Kannltnii!, 
 the Uncrs, the Veiidanck.s unil the liiinnprs had seceiled IVoin the t'ederiil party, prcilessini; fireat faith in Iho lie' 
 |inl)licnn party, and. like nu)*t new converls. wore niniiii;,' the foremost in snpport of the most ultra measures. .Mr, 
 Van Bnren considered an alliance with these men the l)est way In secure the supremacy of the parly, and wiili 
 (hat view pave tu Mr. Kiny his fiillest support, and he was appointed. I differed wi'h him on the subject, and en- 
 deavored lo dissu.ide him from his course. I ilid not ihuik ii just towards the nieiidiers of our own party to sck'i'l 
 one of the Ticld .Marshals of the enemy on whom lo confer the most honiirahle niul elevated places within tliefjiil 
 of the party. I considered Mr. Kinj: an aide, polite, pentlemanly nniii, fully worthy of the Presidency of the I'lii- 
 led States if his own party were In the ninjority, but I had heard him, in ii speech to the merchants at the Tontiiio 
 (.'offee ilouse, while the lileedins; corpse of I'carce was lyoij; on the dock of the Mail Boat, where he lind been mur- 
 dered ty n cannon hall from a Uritish ship of war, I believe the Leamler olf liarnegat, declare that the hands of 
 Jeflers )n were dved in the blood of his countrymiin, that unfortunate Pearce, for llie reason that ho had not rejisld 
 the Herfin nnd Milan Decrees, and thereby saved Britain the necessity she was nndcr of ^endillg a fleet to our 
 coast.'' 
 
 affairs of Euro 
 if John Bull si 
 French army ii 
 point a regenc 
 operate, nnd fl 
 however, are d 
 
 Civic Ecormmi 
 crais — Our 
 named. 
 
 [No. 12fi. 
 New York, 
 have commenc 
 gift were unqu 
 fir instance, > 
 their ardent zei 
 the compensatii 
 ought to have 
 sentUiidertakir 
 assuredly destr 
 tices, Collector 
 is most singula 
 People, are ver 
 and that I loni 
 As I do not y, 
 dential. I fer> 
 give rise to nev 
 much in conseq 
 diminution frot 
 portance that t 
 the Union to w 
 ascendency of 
 pend on the cot 
 True it is, thei 
 Pnrty, all the 
 matter coolly, i^ 
 lican Party waj 
 are still arrayeJ 
 by insidious wl 
 lican Party shJ 
 President, farej 
 fedrraii.om agtf 
 Crawford. 1 
 private and pd 
 ought witii evl 
 rate federalistj^ 
 disposed to su^ 
 watchword bcl 
 subject. I hoi 
 opportunity to| 
 
 L. Hoyt'sfeecL 
 
 Pretidentsl 
 
 Hoyt read% 
 
 [No. 121 
 
 Albany, 
 
 in his favor, 
 
 worthj tnsethi 
 
 consider! 
 
 I must sny l| 
 and the facta 
 brightened. 
 Radly disuppJ 
 Counsel^ my \ 
 
COB BARKER. 
 
 diiifiry (limensions of 
 ve avoided it. Other 
 lion. I would thank 
 lu office of Master in 
 hear of his obtaining 
 ic was one, he was a 
 ithbonc and Mr. Ver- 
 lES CAMPBELL. 
 
 bcins true to O'cacA 
 
 DRK, 23d Feb. 1823. 
 
 ain fully the object of 
 
 elf us unhiindsomdij 
 
 lul am positive that un 
 
 ii^cmciit and iiitrigur. 
 
 iiipair my chiinis, then 
 
 annot blame Mr. Bucl 
 
 ll'iculty we bibored un. 
 
 coiisidi'ring also the 
 
 i not come with a good 
 
 should ceu.?e. * » » » 
 
 zard a di.'toat, reserving 
 
 the Sfiislcm of I'eddling 
 
 •J <ii:i II section, auihori- 
 
 V lx\ RKLATIOiN TO 
 
 from mc to enter Uito 
 
 :pp tilings liarntoniouiiy 
 
 t/iis Mil only be doiiebu 
 
 M. M. JN'OAII. 
 
 sires to sec Young Xap, 
 
 )any. — Ni;w York, ISih 
 imrs, a sheet * * * » » 
 leasuru of .seeing yon— I 
 Barker would be qUd lo 
 be i^oes into Byrn(!S anil 
 aiiain at Merchandizing', 
 ■eturns in ten days, when 
 H. * # » «■ I have 
 
 cannot bnt smile at the 
 e [or coal]— lost .§352 hy 
 will be Rcarcf. The Kx. 
 ion ibr the Tradesmen's 
 
 I caimot bi'lievi! it will 
 iled from .Tamaicn — fn m 
 y make him a great viy- 
 as, very glad of it. The 
 
 s elViirl"! to linrrn«s nnd annm' 
 'ri'nsurv, lulvisns tliu iniirsliil 
 I Uiiikcr to \V. li. .Miickcnzie, 
 
 a seit in the I,'nitpd Slnlc! 
 KMi tilt Kiiias, tlie Hiimilt";i>. 
 lossini; fireiit fiiilli in the lie- 
 In' niii-it iiltrii iiiciLaiires. .Mr. 
 iiKiry of the piirty, iinil willi 
 h hiin on the Buliject, imil en- 
 ers ill' our (iwii piirty t(i sck'i'l 
 clcvuleil |ilii('C8 within tlieci" 
 of the I'ro.siilenry of the I'ni- 
 the iiiercliiints at the Tontine 
 Rortt, where ho hnd been iniir- 
 at, (lerlnre that the hiinils of 
 reiison thnthe hnd nut rejiitd 
 ider of semling a fleet to out 
 
 PARTY PHII.I,— CANDIfiATK.S — LAW TRirMl'H.S OH-.R JUSTICE. 
 
 103 
 
 affairs of Europe are soinewhat agitated — I FEAR the fnn will he of verij short duration. Yet 
 if John Bull supports Spain itntnediately and with all her m\g\\{, there niny be fine fun — or if the 
 French army are worth u copper, they will, when organized, procla/oe yoimg Nnp cinperor — np- 
 point a regency — and, with the aid of Spain nnd Portiicjal, sustain the same. Austria would co. 
 operate, and Russia would not meddle, but turn her attention towards Turkey. These Ihinga, 
 however, are to be ipished rather than expected. Yours, sincerely, JACOB BARKER. 
 
 Citie Eeonomij — James prays Fervently for the Party — all the Presidential Candidates demO' 
 crata — Our old foes — James likes Adams worst, Crawford best. Clay next — Jackson is niU even 
 named. 
 
 [No. 126.] James Campbell, Surrogate, N. Y. to J. Ilovt, Albany. 
 
 New York, March, 182.3. — Dear Sir * * * * Our corporation, you have perceived, 
 have commenced their operations in good earnest. The salaries of some nf the offices in iheir 
 gift were unquestionably too high. The offices of District Attorney and Clerk of the Sessions, 
 for instance, would well admit of considerable reductions and still remain good officte. In 
 their ardent zeal for retrenchment, I cannot but think that thry have gone too far in cutting down 
 the compensation of the latter officer to the paltry sum of jJl^oO! The allowance, in my opinion, 
 ought to have been at least $2000. To be frank with you, I think our Corporation aie at pre- 
 sent Uiideriaking to do a great deal too much ; nnd if they are not restrained in theircareeriiiey will 
 assuredly destroy the preponderance of the Republican Party in this city. Courts, Police, Jus. 
 lices, Collectors of Ta,\es, ar.u I know not how many other things, are lo be changed ; and what 
 is most singular, in iiUthis busine.ss, several of these altera'ions instead of being ngree:ible to the 
 People, are very obno.xious. For my part, I confers that I am weary ofthe.se incessnnt chiinues, 
 and that I long to see something like permanence once more established in our city smd slate. 
 As I do not wish to incur the hostility of the Corporation, you must consider this us confi. 
 itntittl. 1 fervently pray, but I .scarcely dnre hope, that recent occurrences at Albany mny not 
 give rise to new divisions in our Party. The inlhience of this great State has already sutiVred 
 much in consequ(uice of our dissensi'iiis, and I am ai'raid that it is docmed to experience a further 
 diminution from the same cause. On the eve of the Presidential election, it is of the la.'^t im- 
 portance that the Republicans of this state remain united, that she may assume that stati n in 
 the Union to which she is justly entitled from her superior population and resources. Indeed the 
 ascendency of genuine republican principles throughout the Union, will in a great deuree de- 
 pend on the course that shall be pursued by this state iii the approaching election for President. 
 True it is, there appears to be no direct or op-n opposition. in this contest lo the Republican 
 Pnrty, all the candidates professing themselves to be pure republicans; but if we examine the 
 matter coolly, it will be foimd notwithstanding these appearances, that the stabiliry of ihe Repub- 
 lican Party was never more seriously threatened or endangered than nt present. Our old fot'S 
 are still arrayed against us ; the mode of warfare is only channed ; nnd they nivW liopc to effect 
 by insidious wiles and stratagems what they never could achieve by ojjcn force. If the Repub. 
 lican Party should ever be guilty of such an act of dcmiMilatidn as to support John Q. Adam* for 
 President, farewell in that event to Republicanism: I expect to see the doctrines of high. toned 
 federaii.om again in operation. Of the different candiil.ncs for this e.xalted oliice, 1 prefir Mr. 
 Crawford. I believe thiit he posses.Tes distinguished laleni-!, and that he is a jrenilemaii of great 
 private and political purity of character. What recommeiiils him not a little with me, and it 
 ought with every true republican, is to find th;it he is so vihi'iiiently opposed by the old invete- 
 rate federalists, and the newly ronoerted repnblican». If, however, the Pur'y shnnld not be 
 disposed to support Mr. Crawford, why then take up Mr. Clay, or i-oine other peison, but let the 
 watchword be "any Republican against Mr. Adams." Let me know ynur scntinienis on this 
 subject. I hope we don't differ on this cardinal point ; aiitl do not fail to avail yourself of every 
 opportunity to diffuse correct notions on this subject, among our repubiiean t>reiliren of the country. 
 
 JAMES CA.MPBELL. 
 
 L. HoyV 8 feelings in favor of a triumph of law orer i;"od < in -r if n re — Ti let the People elect their 
 Presidents would be republican if good for our .v/u'c — ..I bud cu:,didatc fur the Clerkship— 
 Huyt ready to take office under him. 
 
 [No, 127.] Counsellor Lorenzo Iloyt, Albany, toCounsell r.TrPsc llnyt, nt New York. 
 At.BANY, Dec'r. 21, 18i3. — Dear Brother: * • « » * IMcDonald's euusc is decided 
 in his favor, and for which I think he niny thank Chief Ju«tiee S:ivhl'i". i^uilierland and Wood' 
 tcnrthj together wiih 11 i^eutworn. were dead a^ainst him, niul S vf'L'f iiud Ui .'-'cntiKirs for him. I 
 CONSIDER ITATRIUMPHOFTIIELAW OVEI.' EQUITY A DCOOD . ONSCIENCE. 
 I must sny I hnd but very slight A«;;e,<t before thenrgument; but atier the eause was argued, 
 and the facts so ably nnd correctly l-iid open to the Sennie, I thought McDonald's prospects 
 brightened. Messrs. Van Vechien and llenry, who argued the ci.use on die other side, were 
 Badly disappointed at the result. From ihe eirrumslnnees of ]\Jr Bailer's being engaged aa 
 Counsel, my feelings were much enlisted in IlcDonaUVs faror, and 1 felt very much interested 
 
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 194 
 
 A VAN BtTKKN sriiUUGLK Tl) KKKl' I'OWKR I'Un.M THE PEOPLE. 
 
 in the result. » » * * « A meeting lius been called, and is now, this moment, in full 
 operation, in relation to the l^rusideiiiiul Electors. It wa:4 started by two notorious political rent 
 gadoes, to wit, VV. Ealeeck and Jacob Lansing — men who, despairing of becoming great by any 
 other means than through the medium of giicli meetings, and who have become misanthropes 
 because the world and its people will not acknowledge their superiority and greatness. To nuine 
 a few of those who composed the meeting will supersede the necessity of any further comment as 
 to its political cast — P. T. Parker, K. Baidwin, William James, J.Alexander, the TowQMnds, p, 
 Gansevoort, the Cnssidys, G. ilawley, Spencer, Stafford, inx, I trust that Republicans and die 
 People in general will know from whom this popular me-aaure, oj givinv! the choice of Electori to 
 the People, emanates. The meamre itself I must say, as I almuya have said, is a liepublicat 
 one — but the source from which it sprinsis will render it unpopular with O* Republicuns. 
 
 Mr. Livingston's election to the clerkship of the Assembly 1 consider beyond doubt. Hjj 
 most prominent opponent i.s a man who is deservedly unpopular with the Republican as well u 
 Federal party. He has lon^ since forfeited th-j confidence of every body. A man devoiU of 
 every principle of honor, who is willing to sacrifice his character, and every thing else thai a 
 man ought to esteem, to the shrine of avarice, I think will not obtain the support of a Rviiui. 
 lican legislature. If, by any casus omissus, Livingston should lose his election, I shall endeavor 
 to obtain a situation under his successor ; but I think L, is perfectly safe, as also myelf. 
 
 * LOR. HOYT 
 
 Bowne" a Anti. Jackson lirport hij Butler — the New York Me7nbera disliked — Gardiner attach 
 
 Flags — Trouble brewing. 
 
 [No. 128.] Lorenzo Hoyt, to Jesse Hoyt, New York. 
 
 Albany, January ll'h, 1824, Sunday. Dear Brother : I send you by this mail the REPORT 
 of Mr. Bowne ON THE TENNESSEE RESOLUTIONS. The report is a voluminous, and, 
 I think, knowing from whose pen it came, is an able one, although I have not yet had timeu 
 give it n perusal. 
 
 Mr. BUTLER torote the report ; oiid I leave it for you to judge of its merits and the cor- 
 rectness of its princi.!)les ; but I presume, from the circumstance of your political views coinci. 
 ding so exactly with Mr. Butler's, that the principles contained in the report are such as wil 
 meet your approbation. 
 
 The Senate went into committee of the whole on the report, but rose and reported without 
 taking any decisive step in rehuion thereto; it is supposed it will be almost unanimously ap- 
 proved of by the Senate — but 1 think there will be trouble when it comes to the Assembly, bui 
 will undoubtedly receive the sanction of a large majority of the members. Nothing of impi>i 
 tance has been done in the As-^embly this three or lour days past, except the appointment of the 
 standing committees, which you will see published in the Albany papers. I think they m\t 
 very judiciously selected and arranged, although some of the opposition gentlemen are half in. 
 cUned to take umbrage at the selections made Oy the Speaker : perhaps they think his honorilit 
 {Speaker did not pay suflicient respect to their legislative experience. I apprehend friend Gar 
 diner is a little disappointed because he was not made chairman of some committee, but I 
 think he will meet with many more serious disappointments before the close of the session. If poe- 
 eible, there is more deep rooted prejudice, existing against a p.irt of the delegation sent from you; 
 city this winter, among the country gentlemen, than there existed against the last winter del?- 
 gation. / think it will be impossiblf. for one of thr Opposition New York members to succeeds, 
 any project let it be ever so reasonable and just. There appears to be a sort of suspicion attache: 
 to everything they have any connection with ; and unless they can do something to convince ih 
 country members of the unjustiiesa and absurdity of such a state of feeling towards them, you mat 
 rely upon it your city will not be much benefited by sending the delegation they have sent. 
 
 Mr. Gardiner, the other day, while the resolution of Mr. Flagg in relation to electors was un- 
 der discussion, made an abusive and unjustifiable attack upon the editors of the Argus and Al 
 
 •Who ie Lorenzo Hoyt? I will toll ynu. When, in laUP, Mr. Van Huren reworded .Icsse Iloyt'i peculiar sn- 
 \nees with the Collortorship of the Iteveniie nt New Yorlc. he recjiiired heiivy security, more especially on accoiir,: 
 of Swnrtwout'H enihezzleiiiorit. In March, IKW, Jcsso iriive his brother, Ijorenzo; his hrotlier in-l.aw, Robert 
 iMcJimsey, the Willi .^'trcot Itroker; 1., M. Thurston, TliDmiis J. Onkley (the ,Indse.) und Sam'l Jonos (the ei 
 rhnncellor?) Wrn. M Price ocrtilied 'iiat the securities were responsihie for Sl.'iO.OOO, the lunount of their tmiiJ, 
 There WHS a second, ami ii third bond. Hond the third is for $vJOO,(MH). (Why not hiive made it for iin ainuun 
 ec|iial to the sum of tlie British Natiomil del)t ?) The siinje persons, with Thnddeus Phelps of Park Place. N.Y. 
 ■were uijuin the sureties — and on the Kitli Dcc'r. 18.1!), ilenjiiiiiin F. Bntlcr, os U. S. District Attorney, eertitled us 
 ■he hond that the sureties were amply sulficient for the $-J0O,(M)0. Benjamin had certified twenty years Itefure totlit 
 !peo|de of this State, that the W.Tshinktc;! and Warren Hank could and would :iay. He knew it. But it didn't mil 
 wouldn't — and so wcniaysay of Lorenwi Hoyt, Lewis M. Thurston, Thud. Phelps, &c.; Jesse was found to have em- 
 ibezzled $)-220,()UO — the jury gave tliP'r verdict— the ninrahal was rcndy to seize — James K.Polk could find no 
 district attorney that would suit lii.n s > well as Butler anoin — and to Ibis hour in 1846, not «n effort it made, ci 
 meant to he, to reonver n dollar of the monies embezzled, either from Lorenzo, Onkley, Thunton, Jones, .lene, ot 
 •ny one else ! : This is Van Bnren den ocrncy us I tind it enthroned in the cupitol of the New World ! ! ! ThurslM 
 <liKe M'Jiinsey) is Iloyt's bruther-in-liiw, of whom he wrote to Heury. Woodbury in Mar. 1839, that he bad tm 
 jiloyed hitn as n custom-house clerk, at $1(100 «nlnry. In Dec. Woodbury receives this clerk nn Jesie'i luretyfoi 
 V300,U00 oa Butler's rt'comnipnilution ! ! 
 
 CROSW. 
 
 tteate, and by w 
 his hearing. Hi 
 lion of the electo 
 snii-republican. 
 
 Th« speech, if 
 but it was perfeci 
 him, that it was i 
 fiiiting. The o 
 limited talents, is 
 
 As to Mr. Wl 
 if I can form an 
 but I (hink I ha\ 
 liin, is in every i 
 icr, I must cor 
 were. I prcsun 
 one or two othi 
 be as they may, 
 the session ; for i 
 can see already t 
 for the resistance 
 
 Croswell endorst 
 wisdom of the 
 Law — Wheat 
 
 [No. 129.] 
 Albany, Janii 
 the return of Ma 
 our republican f 
 haps, to vary. ' 
 gone broadly witl 
 ing particularly 
 LEAST DURi 
 linction is made 
 As an extreme 
 ford, and as the 
 feelings of our fi 
 prospects of obfa 
 
 t Henry Whento 
 the Repency. Ne 
 Clinton from the ( 
 National Advocate 
 
 } In these days, 
 tnnn with the Repi 
 tier, on the other I 
 
 |iiibllcan,J in VVnsI 
 
 Wend you wi 
 Sixty five pi-rch: 
 
 Tr.ere will be 
 
 Uut some thrc< 
 Reiicral CkaiuW 
 
 Toush IIS sloe 
 Basset, with Vi 
 
 VAN the Mb 
 FoRsvTif. with 
 
 Kdwards, M'l 
 PInttiti!; brains i 
 
 With the bin: 
 Shallow knaves 
 Straggling, one 
 
 Wend yon with 
 
 Tall and shot 
 Many nn eye th 
 
 Aiid loves "o 
 Wend you will 
 
 Caucus in hii 
 Promises and p 
 
 Traitors poii 
 Wend you witl 
 
 A motley ere 
 Wincini; from 
 
 With t»o po 
 
J PKOPLE. 
 
 this moment, in full 
 
 notorious political rrut 
 
 becuining great by any 
 
 ! become inisDnthropcg 
 
 d greatness. To name 
 
 iny further comment u 
 
 der, the Townsends, P, 
 
 at Republicans and ihe 
 
 he choice of EUeton Id 
 
 e said, ia a liepublicat 
 
 h O" Republicans, 
 
 r beyond doubt. Hjj 
 
 Republican as well aj 
 
 idy. A man devoid of 
 
 1 every thing else iliat a 
 
 the support of a Repui. 
 
 lection, I shall endeavor 
 
 . as also niyelf. 
 
 * LOR. HOYT 
 
 iked — Gardiner attach 
 
 y this mail the REPORT 
 3rt ia a voluminous, and, 
 luve not yet had time lo 
 
 its merits and the cot- 
 
 ir political views coinci. 
 
 report are such as vil 
 
 }se and reported withoui 
 almost uuanimously ap- 
 mes to tho Assembly, but 
 )ers. Nothing of impi.r 
 pt the appointment of ihe 
 pers. I think they werr 
 n gentlemen are half in. 
 3 they think his honor tlit 
 I apprehend friend Gar 
 )f some committee, but I 
 )se of the session. Kfoe- 
 delegation sent from you: 
 inst the last winter del?- 
 rk members to succeed v. 
 sort of suspicion ntlachei 
 omethinsj to convince ihi 
 ig towards them, you may 
 [ition they have sent, 
 lation to electors was iiii' 
 irs of the Argus and Al 
 
 led .Icsse Hoyt's peciilinr m- 
 ty, more eiipecially on accour' 
 I ; his hrotlier in-law, Rolitn 
 s.) anil Suni'l Jonos (the ei 
 Ofl, the iiniount of their bmul 
 liitve made it for an ainuun 
 Phelps of Park Place. N. Y . 
 District Attorney, eertiiied ci 
 ified twenty years l)elrire totlif 
 He knew it. But it didn't onJ 
 :. ; Jesse was found to hnvetin 
 limes K. Polk could find no 
 846, not 11 n efTort ii mitde, oi 
 ey, Thumton, Jones, Jesse, 
 the New World > ! ! Thurstoi 
 n Mar. 1839, that he bad m 
 this rlerk nn Jerse's surety foi 
 
 CROSWELl's artful scheme — THE VAN BL'REX-CnAWFOtlD CAL'CU.S. 195 
 
 tcoatti and by which he has incurred the indignation and disgust of every sensible iii.tii within 
 Ills hearing. He accused the Argus of political inconsistency, in first advocating an altera- 
 tion of the electoral law, and then in a few weeks after reprobating the nicasitre as unwise and 
 anti-republican. 
 
 Th« speech, if it had been an extempore one, would have appeared miicli better than it did, 
 but it was perfectly apparent to my own, and the mind of almost evt<ry otluT prison who heard 
 him, that it was a written and committed speech, and CONSKQUl^NTLY van prrjccthj dls- 
 fittting. The opinion that I always heretofore piitcrtaiiit'i', that (iiiidiiicr was a man of very 
 limited talents, is now irrevocably curijirmed. 
 
 As to Mr. Whcalon,+ I am not suiricienily acqitainteJ with Iiim to judge of hi.-; abilities, but 
 if I ran form an opinion from what little I have seen, I shottltl say he isiiotliiiijj: above niediocfity ; 
 but I rtiink I have seen suflicient to warrant the assertion, that this winter's New Ycrl; delega- 
 liin, is in every respect inferior to the delegation that New York was icpresenied by last win- 
 ter. I must confess I was not a little astonished, wiinn / K'c who the New York inenibers 
 were. I presume they are men of tolerable good sense, with the exception of Croiins ami 
 one or two others, but as for their abilities they ate, in my opinion, eontraotrd. Let them 
 be as they may, I think they will wish themselves back to New York nfrniii, before the close of 
 liic session ; for the Opposition arc agoing to experience not a little moriitication this wiuier. f 
 can see already that much trouble is brewing ; and that the Opposition must pte|)nre themselves 
 for the resistance of a hot cannonading. * * » Yours afleetior.ately, LORKNZO IIOYT. 
 
 Croswell endorses Noah — Don't abuse Adams until you hare n d his frirnth lo hin injury — Ihr 
 wisdom of the Serj)ent — don'l name Crawford, forwc can pack the Caucus — The Ekclural 
 Law — Wheaton. 
 
 [No. 129.] Edwin Croswell, .State Printer, to Jesse Hoyt, New York. 
 
 Albany, January 31, 1824. — My Dear Sir: The course which the Advocate has taken since 
 the return of Major Noah, as well as during his absence, has received the entire appiobaiion of 
 m republican friends here. There is one point of policy, however, wliich it may be well, per- 
 haps, to vary. There are several republican friends of Mr. Adams in the leyislature, who have 
 gone broadly with us so far on every question. It is quite important, TIf ERbiFORE, that noth- 
 ing particularly harsh respecting Mr. A. [Adaniti] or hifs friendu, should be published, AT 
 LEAST DURING THE PENDENCY OF THE ELECTORAL BILL, unless a plain dis- 
 tinction is made between his federal friends in your city, and his republican fiiends in the country. 
 
 As an extreme jealousy prevails among the friends of all the candidates opposed to Mr. Craw- 
 ford, and as the Opposition make every use of even the most innocent suggestion to warp the 
 feelings of our friends, it is aluo important that his [Mr. Crawford's] name, and especially his 
 prospects of obtaining the Caucus nomination, should be kept out of riew.l Our points, if they 
 
 t Henry Whenton was tjien at the head of the People's Party in the A^'omhly, in npimsition to Van llnren ami 
 the Repency. Ne.\t year he joined Van Kuren's t'nlluwcrs in the nninst and nngmtpl'ul act ot' reniovinj; (;i>vi"rnor 
 Clinton from llie Canal hoard, and is now the represpnlalivn nt' the I'. S. at llerliii. In IMIH he was pihtor of the 
 .S'ational Advocate, afterwards Keporter to the I', f. Kuprenie Court, and is liy pp>lessiuii a lawyer. 
 
 {In these days, the Argus declared, that "the fact is clear, that Mister Jack«on has not a .linjle feelin;; in com- 
 mon with the Kepuhlican party, and makes the merit of dcsirinp the total extinction of it." 'I'lio Xnsjivjjje Ilan- 
 ner, on the other hand, copied the lullnwinf; hit at Van Bnren's Crawford Caucus from n Calhoun paper [The Ke- 
 {jiiblican.j In VVnshin{,M.on. 
 
 Wend you with the Rads to-night — 
 Sixty-five perchance they'll muster — 
 
 There will be none of mind or mijhi, 
 
 But some three score in n Huster. 
 Rencral ChaviUrr will he there — 
 
 Touch ns steel and hold as Hector — 
 BassH, with Virjiinin air — 
 
 VAN the Mbany Director. 
 Forsyth, with his forcisn graces — ^ 
 
 Rdwards, Williams, in a stew — 
 PInttlri!; Iirnins and dirty liu'cs, 
 
 With the hlushcs reddening through — 
 ShnUow kna%'es, with forms to mock us, 
 Straggling, one liy one, tu Caucus. 
 Wend yon with the Rads tiv-night, 
 
 Tall and short— and weak and witty — 
 Many nn eye tlnit hates the lislit, 
 
 And loves "onfusion — more'sthe pity. 
 Wend yon with the llads to niiiht — 
 
 Caucus in liia court presides — 
 Promiies and power invite — 
 
 Traitnrs pnint. ^^Cfn^d facUim guides. 
 Wend you with the Rads to-night — 
 
 A motley crew, and bad the best — 
 WiniHni; from the fonth their filght. 
 
 With t«o poor ttragglrrs from the \V*i\. 
 
 Tis the tide of fiirtjim Mowing — 
 
 "Pis the noon of treuion's reign — 
 IJinjd, of Maryland, is gnin^' — 
 
 UicKKKSoN, anil llidnies of Alaine : 
 Western Thitmns looking grimly — 
 
 From New York, n knu'U<"''l .U^e, 
 Led by l.iit Clarke, seeing dimly, 
 
 k*pectncle3 and vapor through. 
 Wend yon with the finrf,* to-night. 
 
 Where all eyn? will ;jl:!(lly meet you— 
 If von I're a proM'lyli' 
 
 I'.verysoul will .-pringto greet you — 
 Where the ilemon of .l.^spair 
 
 Reigns, the tyrant of tlie hour. 
 And every dark intriguer there 
 
 Jostles in the race for power. 
 Laborer", suitpil for the Joli, 
 
 Will bo there at clu^e of day ; 
 Barber, F.'mjil, ami Vuute, ami Cullb — 
 
 Ijnniunii. rpiicly for liis pay — 
 Hotli the linrl/mir.-i, hipn mistaken I 
 Smyth shall scarci'lv ^ave his hncoD — 
 (Sallant CirAf froii Tennessee — 
 Sonie i.i ghxnn anrl some in gle^— 
 F'hallow knaves, with forms to moek ui. 
 Straggling, one by one, ty Caucus." 
 
 . >»• 
 
 ■(■■ 
 f'i 
 
 ■•(. 
 
 ,:v:-;|| 
 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 
J.'! 
 
 : * 
 
 Vf 
 
 
 I' ■• .': 
 
 196 i.rviN'nsTON, cHoswr.M, k v. buhen telling wuat PAnriSANS will do. 
 
 are gained nt all, inny be more certninly secured in this way, than by giving even our honegtcon. 
 victioiis niul hopes of the uliiinati- success of Crawford, if iiy it we give currency to the contemp, 
 tibie cant which the Fiininj |)roiiiiili;iiic ho iiberuliy agniriPt him. 
 
 It is diiriciilt to conjecture wiiat will be the nsuli of ihe various propositions which are now 
 before the House on tiu) subject of liie [lilecioral] Law. A considerable cJiversily of opinion 
 prevails as to a mnjority or n pliiriilily ; but I have strong hopes that our republican friends h„. 
 unite upon the former, and defeat the Echeme of Tallmndge &, Co., to give the electoral votes for 
 Mr. CUtiton. 
 
 Tliis afiernoon, in cnmniittce of the whole, Mr. Waterman [of ^ iic Co ,] explained the fca. 
 tures of his bill, nnd the prominent arRiimi-nta in favor of c , in a close and convincing 
 
 speech. The committee rose after iiflvins; passed the fir,-t 8« ^i Mr. Watcrmon'a bill, wm, 
 
 an amendment providing for the election of 3G instead of 34 electors by the people. 
 
 Perhaps there w.is never a more sul)tle scheme for the prostration of the democratic pnriy 
 than is hidden under this pkinjlity plan of tMr. Wheaton, and it will require the whole viiji. 
 lance and prudence of our republican friends, to meet, expose, and resist the designs of the fat. 
 tion that is now seeking their ruin. In great haste, yours sincerely, E. CROSWELL, 
 
 [Three letters, E. Livingston to J. Hoyt, N. York.] 
 
 Aaron Chirk vs. E. Liviimston — Yutrs' Xotioiis — Keep power from the People — Van Evrtrii 
 Jiepiiblirants drscrihrd by Liriiis-tton — Down u-.ith Clinton, right or wrong .' 
 
 [No. 1.10] Albany, Nov. 14, 1823.— Dear Hoyt: * • » • Aaron Clark is n can. 
 
 didate for the rlerk«hip. Marry, Knower, Porter, &c., will do everything (or me ; but asClari; 
 '.s an indefiiti^iible fellow, and svill prove troublesome to me, I feel an.\ioiis to give him a signal 
 tlefeat. * * * * Romainc and Ulshoeller could he of service to ine — will you ask their assu. 
 tance ? * * * Write me an answer to this letter, and burn the same as soon as may be. K. L. 
 
 [No. 131.] [Port mark, At.uany, Dee. 5,] 1823. — Esleeck put the stories in circula- 
 
 tion in Now York that I was under Van Bu'en's inHuence, made a speech, iStc, but yoii kno* 
 without my telling you, that lie is an egrei^ioiis Mar. » * * » 1 have seen the Governor 
 [Yates] since I last wrote. IL- in decidedly in favor of Caucus nominations, and confouided'i 
 puzzled about Hiving the choice of Electcrs to the People — hut he says that the Refcblicu 
 party ought not to be afraid to f;o to the People.X 
 
 He will recommend the measiite, in my opinion. This I wrote you before — but, if pos.sible,l 
 am now surer of it than I was before. 
 
 The llrpublicnn inembem of the House, if in thought, will hold a Caucus upon this que/ttion, 
 nnd, after coming to a conchixion, nil go one way or the other. ^ W CMNTON IS VERY 
 DANGEROUS, TIIEY WILL 00 ON P. WAY, AND IF IT IS THOUGHT HE CANNOT 
 M.\KE ANY DIFFICULTY, THEY WILL GO T'OTHER WAV. **»•»% 
 have some prime RtufK Slilwell will act firmly and as becomes a hepi.'blican. / presume ym 
 understand what I mean by 'firmness.' • * * I should like a ticket in the Southern Lni- 
 tery that has a !$100,flf)0 Prize in its wheels. Now, oa a favor, I will take half of a ticket wiih 
 you, if you will purchase one — hut recollect it is the last time, and that if [you] should draw s 
 blank, I will not venture any more with you. If vou consent to this proposition, let me know out 
 number, and then I shall have >iomething joyful in anticipation. 
 
 Yours, sincerely, E. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 [No. 133.] Ar.nAN'v, Jan. ti, 1824. — I rather think the Assembly will pasw the Elei 
 
 toral Law — the Senate will not pass the law. I am dead against the law, or against anytliin» 
 
 t Hsfe Vviicr.ton'i plan, Finss's ninemlment, nnil the wlinle prnreeilinps of a meetin? ofthe democratic meni!*r< 
 i)f the legislature, on this question, held ahont ii t'ortnisriit licfiire Croswell wrote — in llnmmund. pnpe 144 to H''ol' 
 volume second. V.in Iluren, I'hi!.'!.'. t-'roswell. nnd Wnaht wiuuril to |)ass no Inw nt nil, Maiiv were afraid 
 Clinton, as mutters .stood, ^cc K. Llvingsioa's letter to J. Hoyt, No. 131, written three months previoui. 
 
 X W. A. Thompson, in a letter to .1. Ilovt. dated Albany, lOtli Feb., 1824, snvs — "The Srnnte say they are in fi- 
 vor of the i''()/t.<, iind ihe .'7,v.nY)'i/(/;/ Miy tfiey are in Hivor id' the People. * * * * Suda in says that the .^eo 
 ate call count 1,") in fiivur of the W///V.<, win) can be (!ependcd upon, and who are not such fools as to suffer Vim 
 .iclpr.i to li". ilrroiirrd liy tit- Pio/i/e. * * * * J{o one C!in tell what legislative bodies will do ; but from |ire- 
 sciit iippeaninres, I do not iliink our RKPUnLlCAN friends have any reai-on to believe they are to be sacrijitil 
 Thcv seem to feel that if thnj .iit-rindrr their power tamvly. they are lust ; and if they hold out manfully, they m 
 hut loose it at la.'if, 1 ."^hall stay bere ii week or ten days, until we bear the results ofthe Caucus ut Washington," 
 
 1 .Mr. Van Riirnn confirms this disrmlitnlilc statement of the unprincipled character of his own party, by suppni 
 ing that his a<Iversnries arc eipiiiliy dishonest. In his address to the citizens of Syracuse, N. Y., ns 1 tinil it in ihi 
 Cilnbe, Sept. 2T, ''^il',), h.- nlllrnn Ihit he has been pursued by his political opponents with " inveterate mnllgnoncy:' 
 bet, says he. " when it is <(iiit« in.Tnlfest that tho.se by whom the conduct of n public officer is arraigned orerf 
 solved to condemn hi' nets in any cvjit; when they only desire to know which side of u public Question hetv 
 nouses in orcicrto take their otvn po.silion against him ; when all considerations of comity and of rielit are merH 
 in an absorbing desire lo expel him from ollice, and when nntbing so much mortlties and anra)(es tnem as thatbt 
 should devise or adopt measures tli:it redinind to the good ofthe country ; in all such cases it a|ii)ears to mean tci 
 of inexcusable weakness (n the part ofthe public functionary to suffer what such opponents may say or think of 
 iilm to give him u niomenl's care or uneasiness " 
 
 that will te 
 ■ay that ou 
 quite yet. 
 
 Van Burei 
 
 [No. 1 
 January, II: 
 with Mr. R 
 doubtful on 
 Hiker is in i 
 <«cf, and y 
 
 Livingston 
 
 [No. 1 
 majority of 
 aeniative gn 
 After you h 
 
 [No. 1 
 the Senate i 
 Crawford h; 
 similar to tl 
 he does no 
 hates Van U 
 that is, he v 
 lists. But t 
 
 [No. 1 
 ceive themsi 
 him. • *| 
 they feel to\ 
 Caucus will 
 
 Van Bii 
 [No 
 [Wuiihi 
 extractec: 
 during th 
 Adams an 
 trary eil 
 the resu 
 contest IS 
 without th 
 suitable an 
 has been 
 
 t Mr. L. 
 pledged to il 
 them,) could 
 diced Bgnins 
 acted a disgi 
 
 1 f 
 
 et 
 
 t Pogcr 
 He was a la 
 I is a Sandy I 
 Hill some n 
 of Directors 
 sold out his 
 the river St 
 Senators w 
 seventeen « 
 Burcn and t 
 
 IT Leake I 
 was willing 
 tha cmI cuu 
 
ISAXS WILL DO. 
 
 igeven our honest con^ 
 irrency to the coutemp. 
 
 )siti()n8 which are nnw 
 l)le diversity of opinion 
 republican friendg wi|| 
 'e the electoral voien Tor 
 
 iCo Ofixp'o'nccl ihefea. 
 a close and convincing 
 Waterman's bill, wiiii 
 the people. 
 
 the detnoeratic pnriy 
 require the whole vigi. 
 . the designs of the fat. 
 E. CROSWELL. 
 
 •] 
 
 e People — Van Evrti^i 
 
 wrong ! 
 
 * Aaron Clark is n coh' 
 ng (or me ; but as Clari; 
 
 un8 to give him a signal 
 will yoii nsk their asM^ 
 s soon ag may be. K. I. 
 
 )ut tho stories in circuli. 
 leech, tStc, but yoii kno* 
 have sten the Governor 
 ations, and confoundcih 
 [lys that the REPUBLias 
 
 before— but, if possible,! 
 
 ntcus upon this qumtm, 
 ' CLINTON IS VERY 
 
 OUGHT HE CANNOT 
 
 _ * « * # » \Vj 
 
 .•BT-icAff. I presume ym 
 •ket in the Southern L ii- 
 :al;e half of a ticket wiih 
 It if [you] should draw i 
 position, let me knowoui 
 
 E. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 embly will pass the Eke- 
 law, or against anythin; 
 
 nj ofthe democratic menil*i 
 llnmmunil, pnge 144 tn I4''( 
 f nt all. Many were afraid < 
 ree months previous. 
 
 The Senate say they are in fj 
 
 * Sudnm says that the .Sen 
 it svch fools at to lugtr ihm 
 
 Ixidies will do ; but I'roin \m- 
 elieve they are to be sacrijicii 
 iiy hold out manfully, Ihrym 
 it the Caucus ut Washington 
 
 er of his own party, by suppm 
 acuse, N. V., as 1 titid it in Ih 
 with" inveterate malignoncy 
 Idic officer is arraigned ore rf 
 Ide of u public Question hee 
 itniity and of rielit are merH 
 s anil enrages tTiem as timt hi 
 I eases it ap|)ears to me an ici 
 ipponents may «ay or think ol 
 
 '1' 
 
 '4j 
 
 THE SANDY HILL JCDQR— A WRONG OCESS BY VAN BUMRN. 
 
 197 
 
 that will fend io raise Clintoni in or Federal stock. • • • I .hink \ on may wi^'oui doubt, 
 uy that our State is for Crawford [iliu nnlice candidate of that day.] but ii won't do to say eo 
 quite yet. Yours, NED. 
 
 Van Daren't ^ricnd, Skinner, interferes with the Stale Legidnture and Judiciary, to prevent 
 the Piople from rlrcting their Presidents. 
 [No. 133] Jmlne Skinner, U. S. District Court, to J. Ilovt, X. York. — Ar.BA.VY, llth 
 
 January, \S'24. Dear Sir: .Mr. Latham A. Hurrow.st of the Senate, I understand, rend law 
 with Mr. Kikrr, the Recorder, (nt any rate he is attached to Mr. Riker.) Burruuuis eonsidered 
 doubtful on the (jueslioii <il' chan^iiij; the law for the appointment of elector.). Now, S'r, if Mr. 
 Riker is in seiitnnini v\ jih u j, /tin lui/rr to Mr. Fnrrotrn on that subject will have great injlu- 
 e«c*, and you may be assured that every vote is important to prevent the change contemplated. 
 
 Cordially, tR. SKINNER. 
 
 Livingston to Iloyi — The Clerk's iMgic—Mat. L. Dacis kept out of Mischief — A list for Mr' 
 Van Duren — Leake for Clay — The Caucus. 
 
 [No. 134.] Alba.nv, Feb. Ifi, 1824. — » » * A majority of the legislature is a 
 majority of the people. VVe recognize the people as the source of all powiT — this is a repre- 
 sentative guverimieiit. Our old Democrats wisli for the old Council of Appointment. ♦ • • 
 After you have read this letter, burn it. E. L. 
 
 [No. 13.'i.] Ai,i!.\.\Y, Feb. 98, 1824. — Dear Hoyt: I forward a list of the members of 
 the Senate and As.'^i'inlily, marked ns they now leel upon the Presidential question. • • * 
 Crawford h;is 88, Ailams 3G, Calhoun 11, Clay 6, .lacksim 4. * * * I have forwarded lists 
 similar to those I now eiicio.-ie you, to amuse your friend, Mr. Van Buren. Mat. Davis is here — 
 he does no pariicuhir service ; hut as he is with us, it prevents him In'in doing mischief He 
 hates Van Buren — 1 know it. Leake will not let anything go into the Argu.s.H — he is for Clay, 
 that is, he wants to be State Printer, let things go as they may. " * * Let Noah see the 
 lists. But as you like. E. L. 
 
 [No. 130] Albany, March 29, 1824.— *" * * Our folks all say that THEY con- 
 ceive themselves bound in honor to nominate Gov. Yates, but that the Peo]de will not support 
 
 him. » * « » K n, S n, Slc, want to pay off same debts of gratitude, which 
 
 they feel towards hii^ excellency. I am ready to support the nomination. » * » The [State] 
 Caucus will be held to-morrow night, or Thursday. Marcy advises Thursday. * * E. L. 
 
 Van Buren on Clay and Adam.^ — he 2>rnises Maj. Noah — Noah's sketch of Van Buren. 
 [No 137.] M.irtin Van Buren to Jes^e Hoyt at New York. 
 
 [Washington] March 3, !b24. — Dear Sir : I have the greatest aversion to having my letters 
 extracted for the ni'\\s|):iper.s or much shown, and notwithstanding a laborious correspondence 
 during the winter h.ive hitherto tii<c!iped. The |iruinulg:ilion of my anticipation as to Messrs. 
 Adams and Clay's withdrawing, would, you know, not induce them to do so, if it had not the con- 
 trary effect. It is best to let those things take their course, and there is no ground for fear as to 
 the result. If they continue afier New York has settled down it will be manifest to all that the 
 contest is prolonged by them to the great detriment of the party, and of the public interest, 
 without the least prospect of suece.'y ; and it will be the business and duty of the press to make 
 suitable animadversions on the subject. To me the course of the Advocate for the last few weeks 
 has been entirely acceptable, as it has been moderate, but firm and rational, which course is, I 
 
 t Mr. L. A. Itiirrows, who wns reuiriipd from the sixth district in place nf Gen. Hathaway, was an Adams man, 
 p1ed|;cd t« the ppople's party ; and nil the ctrdftii uf Jiiili^'o bkinner, .les.'ie lloyt, and Recorder Riker, (if he obeyed 
 them,) could nut rhHii-je his vote, or iiuliii'e him to wheel round with Wright and others. Burrows was strongly preju- 
 diced against Clnton, and iniicli opposed to the election of Jackson, t^kinner, being a. Judge of the U. tj. Court, 
 acted a disgraceful und unbecoming part in inlerfcriny, as above with the freedom of the Senate of N. Y. 
 
 I Roger Skinner wns nt the Iicnd of the old Van Huron regency which appointed Nnnh Sherilf of New York, 
 He was a lawyer of yamly Mill ; and our present Governor, Silas Wright, was his law scholar nnd student — he also 
 ' is a Sandy Hill lawyer. Wright was iidniiued as a hiwyi^r by the Supreme Court in January, 1819, and left l^andy 
 Hill some muntlis liller Hen|umin F. Ilutler, Van Huren's partner, arrived there as I'renident, Cashier, and Hoard 
 of Directorsi of Karker's W. & W. Rank, in which iiulilulion he may have been an occftsionnl nsfistnnt. I^kinner 
 sold out his law oll'ice at Sandy Hill to llutler, who suceeeilcd to his business — and Wright settled at Canton, near 
 the river t^t Lawrence, in Oct. that snine year. Wright went for Crawford — was one of the immorra/ seventeen 
 Senators who voted to keep from tho |)coplu the power of electing the electors of the President of the U !?.— the 
 seventeen were defeuted by 17.(101) voles next election, and hung and burned in cHijy — but Wright stuck to Van 
 Buren and the cabal — they pulled and upheld him — and he is Governor of N. Y. 
 
 IT Leake had to resign in favor ofCroswell, whom Butler and his partner. Van Buren, had confidence in, am' who 
 wai willing to be their echo. A |>erusal of Van Buren's letter to Hoyt, No. 130 of this series, will eiplain where 
 the teal control of the Argu» unj its opinions lay. 
 
 
 ' : ■ ■ " 
 
 ;■„ : -W 
 
 ;'t 
 (l.i 
 
;? • 
 
 ■'\Jv^.^C 
 
 "■■:■'- 1 
 
 
 
 I i^--';.;: 
 
 t* .*• 
 
 108 VAN BURHN's AIH EUILT castle A.\D .STEl-I-VPnEItS — ofiicf.-seeki.vo. 
 
 think, the only one rnlculuicd to produce much rtiol effect on public opinion. t Such ia not how, 
 ever, the opinion, or riuhur the feflinij of all ; on ihu conirnry tlierr niP many who have been bo 
 much plt'axtul mill i-o uccnsiniuf J tn the many ^uod and ple;i>ant tlnni;!) the Majni has said as to 
 regret the deprivation urihcni — and tliey oceaHiunaily complain to nie that llif Adcucatc has Inst 
 its spirit. As the Major hua depraved their njipeiites, he is, tiiey think, umler some sort of obii- 
 gutioii to feed them on such viands a.s have become monl acceptable to ihem. Make my best 
 respects to him, and to our friends; tell them that tor obviouH i-eOHons, they may excuse me I'ruin 
 not writing us often m 1 could wi-li. Vour friend, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 Van Buren prophecieH succfun to Cnivforil <ind Ihc. Ciiur.un ; tlirrrbij iihotriiig no politiral aagaciti,, 
 
 [No. 1.38.] Martin Van Bini n to Je^se lloyt, N. V.— Wanuim; Ti)\, March 6, 1824 
 
 Dear Sir: 1 have received yours this moment. 1 enniiot help what .Alessrs. Lynch and Kini' 
 may choose to infer from my loolis, but the truth is that I linve at no time douht( d of our complete 
 success. t Tiic fjreat iidluence which wa.' e.xcrcifcd hero to prevent members from attendine 
 the caucus, and the suhsi.rx icney mid ingratitude of some who iiave partaken laraely of the fa. 
 vor of the party, were calculaied toe.\('ile sironj? feelirl!^'^, whicli were duubtlefs sometimes mani- 
 fest, but despoudeiiey is a weakness with which I am hut little aimoyed. On the nsaumpiiun 
 that New York will be liini and promptly explicit, we here emisidcr llie question of the election 
 pubstaritinlly settl'^H, Neither .Mr. Adams nr Mr. Clay can keep in the field after the course uf 
 New York is pcts.viiively known. T/ic injormafiiii on u-fiir/i thin opinion renl.t and the reasons 
 in its support cannot be giren in a It tier. 1 will myself b(! easy on the subject, and so will our 
 friends here who never were in bcii(;r spirit?! or lult sirons<er conluience. Moke my best respects 
 to our friends. Vour- cordially, M. V. HURF.X. 
 
 [No. 139.] Lorenzo In Jexsr Ifniit. — Ptirtu serriris on rrnlil — l\>i-etlii — Office JIunling— 
 the Murals of Van Uurenimn — J'rivmc Vrili — board Ifjs. 
 
 At.banv, March 7, 1^24, .SiHuiiy eveninc:. — Dear Brollier : Yours of the 4th came duly to 
 hand. The substance of it 1 had aiiiicipated, as I saw a letter that Mr. Thompson received from 
 you while here, in which you Ppoke very discouraginf^ly ns to the result of your application lo 
 the Corporation, but ns 1 had not heard from you since, I had not entirely despaired until I 
 received your Inst. It is now I suppose, known to a certumty ihiit you cannot siiec»'ed in get- 
 ting the ollicc you soufjht. If n person has nothing else to depend upon for a livelihood than 
 offices, which at all times depenil upon the fluctuaiionsof party predominance, I think hi; will soon pn 
 to pot. I thonglit, however, y'lm rriren fur the pnrlii had In n sufficient to raise a jnst and equi- 
 table claim for some little office of the kind, that you have been endeavorin>; to obtain ; but it ap- 
 pears that the opinion of a majority of the Hon. the Corporatiun and my own nre at varianre, 
 Well, I see we have got to contend with povevtv and misfortunes tis lout; as we remain in tlii.s 
 life, and what wc shall have to " battle the witch'' with in the ne.\t the Lord only knows. You 
 
 t This letter doe« not e.\liil)il niiicli f'nresisht or .snijaiMly mi tiie purt cif Mr. V:iii Iliircii. Ho ex|)oolP(i tlint CIny 
 and Ailuina would willidraw nl'ler the C'liiicis. Iml tlioy ilidii't. IIp liiid " no t'e;irii< to tlio ri'siilt" — timt is, lip v.■n^ 
 qiiitosuretliiitCrjuvl'iird would heelccted l'rc'«ideiit. In Ins next letter to lloyt lie says ; " I have tit nntiine doubtcl 
 of our compleie suci'oss." Ills nuidiiliite •;ot 41 vutos out <ir"J'i| — and Ad. mis, wlioiii lie drscrilms (No. i;(fi.| 
 ns " unalile to keep llic lielil," became J'rc-ideiit. and would liavo licoa re ideciud liiid lie -.loo|ie(l to liuy ttie in. 
 ding politiciuiH mid pro^liuiic lij> ollice to party grirpo.ses, iivarice, aiiiliiiioii and iiitn.'.'iip, as Van lliirrii nnerwnrili 
 did. In the aliovo leUrr, \an liiireii pr:ii-c< .Noiti. In .Inlv, IKtS, .Sdali, thro' lii^ Evening Star, amuses Ins 
 "Old neinocraticT Friends in TnnimiiMy," willi n sket'-li of Ins fririiil, in tlieMi words; 
 
 " You may rememlier when in If<l7 we ran up the Hucklail lln'; we liud hut ei^'litcen men with us in the Legisla- 
 ture, and with only three presses in the Slate we opposed Douitt Clinton, on the frroiinds flint he hud opposed the 
 war, and run a;,'ainst James Madison lor the I'rcs deney, and in lliree years we carried tlFc,<tiitn. Where was .'\lnrtiii 
 Van Burcn at that tune? With the democracy — w;tli the War party — with the .Madisoniaiis .' No such thing, lie 
 was hanging on tlie skirts of Mr. ("liiiton : and here let nie remind you lliut liani.'in:; on the skirts of eminent men 
 has been the peculiar feature and secret of .Mr. Van lliiren's adv.iiieunioiil. He was elected to the Senate as a Clin- 
 tonian ; lie moved in the Convention l<i have (^lintiiu's nomination as (loveriior made unanimous ; he hung cliisuly 
 to his skirts until he saw the current setting aiainst him, when ho d'oppcd oil" and tai ked himsell'to the skirls A 
 Tompkins, and when Tompki is retired, he got hold of the skirts of Ko:;ir l-kinnor, I'eiley Keyes and Silas Wright, 
 and clambered into the Seiialo of the I.T. Slates much to the aiiiiDyaiice of lliiit clisiiileresied politician. Col. Sainupl 
 Young. In the Senate he held on to the skirts of Rufiis King, until he got introduced into ' good society.' He then 
 took hidd of the skirts of Crawford, and when poor Crawford lokt the election of I'resicWnt. and John Quincy Adnirn 
 Kucceeded he ni.ido two or three grabs at his skirts, but Adams wore n spencer and Van IJiiren missed his hold, nnd 
 he settled down quietly in llio Senate looking round to see whom he could iie.xt ride, like the old man in the story of 
 Hinbud the suilor. At leiiL'th whtn it was reduced to a certainty thai .Andrew Jackson would succeed, heereeped tiy 
 liegrees near him. for the old (;hief was alriid of Van Iliireii, and tiiially lie succeeded in getting him by the buUoii, 
 and in this way gut into the Cabinet ; he then caught hold of the skirls of Katon, Kendall nnd Itlair, nnd linally, 
 through their intercessions und elVurts, ho crawled into the old Ccnerul's breeches pocket and he made him hii sue- 
 cenor." 
 
 t Mr. Van Itiiren shows verv little sngncilv in this letier. His expectations as to Prnnford were nnytliinshut 
 nalized. The members of Congress at Washington, contrary to Holler's reports, fathered by Itowne. derided, 181 to 
 66, out of a body of 21)1 members, to attend no Caucus todictiite a President to the Republic. Van Buren and sixty- 
 five others held the Caucus, and pretendeu to speak for the I'nion, nnd dictate to the people ; but they nnmbated 
 onljT on*-fourth of the whole Congreasmen, nnd their cuiididnie did not even get ai many votei «< that fuuith. 
 
 VAl 
 
 mention yoi 
 where the e 
 
 1 undersii 
 before the t 
 tnentiuiied, 
 ject ; fur A 
 AND BKN 
 ING, PRO 
 
 I think, a 
 journa, or a 
 the summer 
 Should you 
 objects I ha 
 respectable 
 through all tl 
 cidedly for ii 
 c'ined to do 
 roiintry to se 
 -Mr. Butler e 
 up the Elect! 
 
 Extracts f 
 1824.— '• I h 
 as we formei 
 nre makini.' i\ 
 I hope you n 
 powerful opp 
 sally to carry 
 
 [No. 140.] 
 
 Albany, I 
 I have presu' 
 and direct >t 
 I send two d 
 to pay it you 
 regarded a.s i 
 rally very ini 
 judge make 
 as ever lire(f 
 
 Senator 
 [No. l-i 
 
 Al.BA.NY, I 
 
 your approbtu 
 one, nnd allf 
 letter has bi 
 upon the e\ 
 you sent mel 
 
 1 1 presnmel 
 to voto down r 
 and for other I 
 
 i John Sndij 
 slate, of wliic 
 h,id had a (loll 
 place— and lij 
 that great stal 
 pie from elecl 
 same year hel 
 strous iniquitl 
 The qucstion| 
 again taken- 
 fur u refieal I 
 no twice, thel 
 pointed 1 CluT 
 for refieul — b^ 
 Albany, Api 
 repieheatibltj 
 
• SF.EKINO. 
 
 VAN BURENISM IX THE BUD— PARTY PRINCIPLES — SUDAM — MALLORV. 
 
 1^9 
 
 Such is not how. 
 
 who have been so 
 
 iijni has said os to 
 
 Advocate hua Inst 
 
 some sort nf obli- 
 
 Miike my liest 
 
 ly rxi'iist! nie from 
 
 |M V. DUREN. 
 
 n iiolitiral sagacity. 
 
 Mnrch 6, 1824— 
 Ijytich unci King 
 )ti(] o( our complete 
 :)trs from attcndini; 
 n Inraely of ihe fa. 
 
 iS soinetitiiegninni- 
 
 On ihi' nsaumptiun 
 9tion (if the election 
 li alinr the rourse of 
 ■P.1/S ami the reasons 
 ii'ct, uiui so will our 
 lake niy lust respecM 
 
 M. V. BURKN. 
 
 — Office Hunting— 
 s. 
 
 ihe 4th came duly to 
 )mpson received from 
 your application to 
 rely despaired imtil I 
 liniot Fiicceed in get- 
 for a livelihood than 
 I think he will soon pn 
 raisr a jnut and eqiii- 
 ir to obtain ; hut it ap- 
 own are at varianre. 
 : as we remain in iliis 
 rd only knows. You 
 
 IIo expected tlinl CIny 
 lieri'iiill" — llint is, liewai 
 I have tit nn tune doubtM 
 111 lie (Irscrilios (No. i:i8.| 
 he »li}()|inl to liijy tlie lt:i- 
 , lis Van Uureii at^crwnrii< 
 Ki''cninjr .star, amuses Ins 
 
 icn with us in the I.cgisla- 
 
 tiiat he hnil oppDscd the 
 
 ■!tali!. Wliere was .Miirlin 
 
 aii:« ! No such tliin<,'. He 
 
 the skirts of ciiuiient mea 
 ed to till! Senate as a Chii- 
 luniiiious; he hun^ closely 
 veil hinibclf to the skirls >'f 
 y Keves and Silas VVtiglil, 
 led politician, Col. Samuel 
 o 'pooil society.' lie then 
 I. and John Cluincy Adniin 
 ijiiren missed his hold, and 
 
 the old man in Ihe story of 
 uuld succeed, he e reeped by 
 
 ;;cttinj! him hy the button, 
 lull mill Klair, and tinully, 
 I and he made him hii luc- 
 
 ranfiird were nnvtliine hut 
 hy Itowne. derided, Ifil to 
 lie. Van Buren and sixty- 
 leople ; but they numbered 
 ly votet B) that fourth. 
 
 mention your burinefs is again increosing a little, which 1 hope is the case, fur if it does not, 
 where the end of 1824 will tiid ii.i I should not like to undertake to sny. 
 
 1 understood Mr. 'I'h'niiphon, I ilunk, if the river opened soon, that he should he up agnin 
 before the close of the !<rs.si(in ; it he will not lie up a^aiii / aha'l write htm about what yuu 
 mentioned, and shnll nlm spciik vnnjidentially to one nr two of my friends, myself on the tub. 
 jecf.for ANYTMINi; 1 CAN 00 lOTHK PREJUDICE OF [EDWARD] LiVlNUSTON 
 AND BENEFIT OF .MYSKLF, I THINK 1 A.M I'EKFECTLY JUSTIFIABLE IN DO- 
 ING, PROVIDED ALWAYS THAT HE DOES NOT FIND IT OUT. 
 
 I think, and have thought all winter, that it would lie licst lor me, niter the Legislature ad- 
 journs, or alter 1 ^'et my pay. nnd Mpiare the yards here, to (;o soniiwhere else and locate for 
 tiie suiiinier, with n view la taiiy into efli ct the special order ul the day, to wit, economy. 
 Should you approve of i^iis siiggesiion, 1 will mention Uiica aa a phici: cuiiihining hutli the g>reat 
 objects I have in view, economy and imprnvcnient. Mr. Lynch suys I can get board there in 
 respectable boarding hiKHea at the rate of fioni 16s. to IHs. per week, wliereus I pay here 
 throughail the summer i^tis. I should n-giet very much to leave Mr. Butler, but I know it ia de- 
 cidedly for my interest to do ho, and with your consent and a|iprobation, 1 feel very much in- 
 clined to do it thi.i sprinjT. Charles is tiomg to leave, and is going somewhere in the Western 
 rountry to seiile, and 1 shall have no person to give ine any instruction in my studies if I stay. 
 Mr. Butler cannot do it, becuu!-e he is constantly engaged in his own business. The Senate take 
 up the Electoral bill to-morrow, and no doubt will treat it asxiiF. rooRxuiNO deserves. # « » 
 
 L. IIOYT. 
 
 Extracts from a letter — Lorenzo Iloyi, at Albany, to Jesse, at New Y'^ork — dated June 20, 
 1824. — " I have commenced r<-poitini,' regularly for the .Mercantile. Charles and me do it together, 
 nfl we formed a partnership before the eomiiiencement ot the session * * • You say you 
 nre making' a push for the oll'ice of attorney to the corporation, and 1 think your claims are good, 
 I hope you may siiceeed — but I presume it is doubtful, a.-< you undoubtedly have to contend with 
 powerful opponents, 1 shall not be much di.sappnintcd if you fail — but 1 would make a grand 
 sally to carry my point this time." 
 
 [No. 140.] Prirutf. W. L. Jlarcy to J. Jloyt. Stop the American. A cure for Ada.nnism. 
 
 Albany, 22, March, 1824. Dear Sir: I now take the American, and wish to discontinue it. 
 I have presuMed to trouble you to call or send to the office of that paper, pay the balance I owe, 
 and direct >! discontinued. I owe fur the country paper from the 9th September last. Enclosed 
 I send two dollars. The account may be a few shillings over. If yon will have the goodness 
 to pay it you will much oblisc nn old friend. The attack upon Mr. Malloryt ia by every body 
 regarded us cruel and savnije, and bus called forth an universal burst of indignation. I am gene. 
 rally very inditferent to these paper shots, but my long intimacy and sincere friendship for the 
 judge make me feel in a very lively manner thin outrage upon as pure and sjwtless a character 
 as ever lived. I hope thi.s proecedinci will euro hini of his Adamsism, 
 
 Yours sincerely, W. L. MARCY. 
 
 Senator Sudani feils grateful for Mr. Iloyt's favorable opinion of his political conduct. 
 [No, HOn.] John Sudani, Senate, N. Y. to .Tesse Hoyt. 
 
 Ai.BA.NY, 1 1th April, 1H24. — My Dear Sir: / thank you for your favorable opinion, and for 
 wur approbation of the cour.ie pursued by me during the present session. It has been an arduous 
 one, and all I can say i", that / ha're discharged my duty fearlessly, but conscientiously. Your 
 letter has been delivered to the Governor. Fj.xcuse me for not writing more ut large — wo are 
 upon the eve of breaking up, and arc very full of business of every description. The section 
 you sent me has pasi-ied into a law. Yours cordially, {JOHN S^IDAM. 
 
 I I presume that Mr. .Murcy refers to .)unie< Mallory, oii« ol'llie IT senators who obeyed Van Buren's commands, 
 to vote down the hill troin the Assembly Rivins the peopio the choice of electors of President and Vice President, 
 and fur other niensures in contempt of the democratic principle 
 
 } John Snd«m, n clever lawyer, who resided at Kingston, UUtcr county, \. Y., wns elected to the Senate of tim 
 slate, of which he soon became nil active and popular moiiiber. Me hnd been an efficient uiid zealous federalist — 
 h.id had a political nuarrel witfi Van Uiirun — a cliailinf;e to fijjht n duel had passed between them, but it didn't take 
 place — and had been an ardent Mijiporter iil' C'lininn. hut wheeled suddenly round, in I8'20, into the front ranks of 
 that great statesman's most active opponents. He was one of the 17 senators who, in 1824, voted to prevent the peo- 
 ple from electing the electors of President and Vice-Presidi-nt, and to oust (,'liiiton from the ennal board — and that 
 dame year he sat as chairman of the Important conimitteu which very slightly inquired into and exposed the moU' 
 strous iniquity practiced on the people and the lejjislutiire, in oliiaining a charter for the (;lieniie.ttl Bank, N. Y. 
 The question wns taken on the passasje of the bill, March ltd — yeas 18 — nays 13 — lost. The same question won' 
 again taken— yeas 19 — navs 12 — carried. Honest Jas|ier Ward was a yea, and when the vole come up next Nov. 
 for u repeal he and Bowman bulled. Sudam, Clark and Bronson, who had all voted yea (Sudain having voted 
 no twice, then whteled round to the yeas,) were the committee of inquiry. Why was not even one opponent ap- 
 pointed 1 Clark, Bowne, Greenly and Keyes, voted not to repeal the charter — Wright, Kuril, Rronson and Dudley were 
 for re|ieul — but Lieut, (jov. Rout decided that a reiieal required two-thirds, and the bank stands. Mr. Sudam died in 
 Albany, A|iril, 1835, aged .'>4 years — and Hoyt was actiug iu character whea be expresied gratitude for Sutiam'a 
 repteheosible conduct in the spriog session of 1834. 
 
 ■I 
 
 
i ! 
 
 SOU 
 
 VAN BUIJEX AND JESSE — A JOURNEY SOUTH CABINET bECRETS. 
 
 hi ^. 
 
 l^^•:•:v 
 
 1 fe ••-■",.'''•. " 
 
 
 
 ' :»" ;' 
 
 I, ■' 
 
 Five Ejiiatles from M. Vmi Diirm In J. UoyI — a civil letter and deerxkin vect fvr ' a prodi- 
 ginus j't>Jt>w' — iiti iittnrk on Cullinun—an itltarkon nelj expected — helping the Telegraph-^ 
 endiirsinu J ease K paper — Muster Hai/iie, 
 
 [No. I'll 1 Washington, Di-c. 29, 182fi. — My Denr Sir : I hoiight a dnerakin vest, at 
 the store on ilie cortu r ot' Hroiulvviiy niiil Liln-ity siret't. Will you do my friend Mr. Rowan 
 Senator iVoiii Kfntiicky, the favour of purchasinj; one for liini, and tii ndmg it down by the first 
 opporiuniiy ? It luunt be the lar^e.it in the shi)p, us he is u prodigious fellow. If you can 
 oblige him — write him a civil letter — lie is a very woriliy f(L!llovv. 
 
 In great iiasie, your friend, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 [No. 142.] WASitiNOTON, Dec. 30, 182G. — Denr Sir: Tlie attack on the Vice President 
 [J. C. Cnihouiij nns proilueed very great exciiement. Tlie course pursued will cause it to recoil 
 with severity. There is of course not liie (-lightest pn-'eiire for the alle!,'atioti. Mr. Sntterlen 
 Clark of your city is the " t^entli iiian from New York." My friend Judge Rowon is 4,') inclie<i 
 round the chest. My f|uondam friend .lolin A. King, uhiht here, stnyed with Mr. Webster; 
 and when he partec! from nie, I was so sf n-i'ole from his iiiaTiner that he carried advices froin 
 here which would niduce the UL'tninisiration folks to come out nsainstnie that 1 wrote conliden- 
 tinlly to Campbell by the same mail my impressions, and r('<iuested General Van Rensselaer lo 
 look out for it in the Aincrirnn the niorniig uftir they left u^. The result has. 1 think, verified my 
 conjectures. Say nothing of this as coining from nie. In haste, vour friend, 
 
 M. V. BUREN. 
 
 [No. 14.'?.] W.\.sni.VGTON, Feb. ,'i, 1827. — My Dear Sir: This will he handed to you'uy 
 Mr. Davis, agent of the eililor of the National Telegraph, who visits our rflate to obtain sub.srr;. 
 bera for that pap'-r. Any as.si^tance you can give liim in pnunotiiig his object will be gratefully 
 remembered /ii/ ///!' c(u7o/-, and oblige Your IViend, M. V. BURCN. 
 
 [No. 144] WASiiiNGTO.v, Feb. 3, 1P27. — My Dear ^ir : Brins; rntirehj free from EN'. 
 DORSEMENTS unw, and mil situation rrnderinf, it hisihhj proper that I should remain so, ! 
 did not suppo.sc I could hiirc been u.':iiin dn.wn into thcni. Y(>l]R CASIj, IKJWEVER, 
 D JES NOT ADMIT OK HESITATION. Wishing you all sorts of liappmess, 
 
 1 remain your sincere frieiul, M. V. BUREN 
 
 [No. 145.] Wasiu.vgto.v, Feb. 7, 1827. — .My Dear Sir: This will be handed to yo!i 
 by Master Uayn ;, son of my iriend Colonel llayne of South Carntina. lie wishes to come on 
 to this place unde." the proieeiion oi some person traviUmg soiitliwarii. Do me the favor to siv 
 that the wishes of his luiiier, m that particular, are aifiidi d to. My friend Thomas Ludlnwis 
 coining on. Yours, sincerely, M. V. BUREN, 
 
 ' Wchstcr looks black, und Clay lookn hlne.^ 
 [No. 14n.] C. C. Cambreleng, M. C, l^i .Ies=e Ilovt, New York. 
 
 Wasiii.ngton, 13th Feli . 1H27. — Dear lloyt: We are carrying all before ns. IVrhster ImU 
 BLACK, and CLaij looks BLUE. 1 have subsi;ril>ed for twenty-live copit s of the Weekly Teio- 
 graph, at ,*!2 a year. I wish you would pi t that ntiniber ol' siiliseiibcrs foi' nii',and send theli" 
 to me. It's so cheap, you will have no liiniciiliy in iilling up tiie mmilv.r. From the price oi 
 the paper, yon will see it is designed for thi. ri;ori.i;. 
 
 Truly y.uirs, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 Van Bitrcn writes to Jesse from South Carolina, to get Xoc'i to ropy his " rnnrise avdperifjw 
 uous' speech into his paper, and lo !:rl i! into the Adrnente. 
 
 [No. 147.] Seinior Van Buren to .Tesse Iloyt, at New York. 
 
 CoLtT.MBi/., S. Carolina, April 23, 1827. — .My Dear Sir : When I left Washintrton, it was my 
 intention to have been back by this lime : but the extreme! lio^plialiiy of the Soutiirons, lias ren- 
 dered it absoluielv iinpon:iible. Wi; shall leave here on VVedncsday morning, and aficr stoppinij 
 
 a few days at Raleigh, ,+ anr, Ricimiond, make ihe lust of our w.iy home. I linvc lookfr; 
 
 anxiously into th" muniiricsund deaths for your name, but have not vet seen it in either. You 
 vill see my remarks on the Colonial Rill. I wish you would ask the Editor nf the Advocate m 
 repubhsh them — and if the ]\Iajor [Noah] wishes to present his readers teith a concise, and per- 
 
 t It ivns (liiriiii; llii'- juiiriiey. tlint Van B. nrid Cnmbrelcii!! vMied \V. 11. Crnw I'linl in Cooririn, nnil lenrnini} from 
 him that ('alhi»ini, wliile in Nldiiniii's rabiiiPt. had nut iipiirovod nf .Inck'un'!! cnidiirt in the i^flininnle war, their 
 conledpratei arlfnUy eoninuinic.itcd the |iiirli(Mil«r» tn (ifiipral .hick'son. niid Kiirreedi'd hi raiisin^' much ill-will be- 
 twe«:n him und Mr. Calhoun. VVIiiln nl liali'iL'h. Van liiiren. in rf idv to n dinner iiiviliitlon tVnin the citizens, Ixlil 
 th«ni, amongst ntller oninil.ir soijivgs, that " 'I'he »|iirit ot encrnarhiiieiil ha» n»»uiiicd u new und fur more seduc 
 tiv« aevect, anil can only he riisi^ted by ibe exercise uf tincummmi virtuet." 
 
 gpieunus view 
 JURE HIS Fj 
 
 [No. 147 
 Extract of B 
 the Richmond 
 <' This heir 
 among others 
 went to see th 
 lars at the lasi 
 stowed away 
 GEOUS SlGl 
 fectly agreeali 
 
 Remarks.— 
 
 licious fulseho 
 from doing so 
 excuse himse 
 one of the nio 
 If a meiiibe 
 lie, to injure a 
 such a long ci 
 or uninformed 
 graph attaeket 
 [iristocratic pri 
 11 is to have 
 Blair, and the! 
 
 [No. 148 
 New York,! 
 one else to ele 
 directions to 
 not pay the \ 
 for troubling 
 
 [No. \i 
 to Mr. Wile 
 B. sent by 
 me forthwiti; 
 will, of com 
 
 t By a refer( 
 the course 1 1 
 Huyt in Nov 
 llie fact that 
 Wnshiiiploi) 
 conidiiiiion ii 
 acted in food 
 cnnilidate tor 
 capital n as I 
 re-eleclimi o) 
 rea caiididato, 
 nms the i^tale 
 nine years hi; 
 cmno out. h/ 
 to the Adam 
 sides, and «r, 
 insert hi-, spei 
 iiieer in this « 
 of Van Bun 
 1H«SI, N.inh, 
 tcilll S. Sitar 
 Sreat incusiir 
 in ut preieiit, 
 friend J. Cli 
 with him an 
 tmry rmison 
 Van Buren 
 preventing P 
 iilnvod hv SI 
 uivor of rii 
 ra-9lact Vai 
 
lECRETS. 
 
 \n vect for ' a prodU 
 ling the Telegraphs 
 
 It a dnerskin vest, at 
 |y friend Mr. Rowan, 
 |ig it down by the first 
 fellow. If you can, 
 
 M. y. BUREN. 
 
 I on tiie Vice President 
 will cause it to recoil 
 tniion. Mr. Sntterlee 
 fe Rowan is 45 incliei; 
 with Mr. Webster; 
 cnrried advices from 
 that 1 wrote confiden- 
 Irnl Van Rensselaer lo 
 as. I think, verified my 
 friend, 
 
 M. V. BUREN. 
 
 bu handed to you uy 
 riiaie to obtain subsrri. 
 hjcct will be ijnUtfuliy 
 
 M. V. BUREN. 
 
 ntiirhj free frmn KN". 
 
 ! / nhoiild remnin so, I 
 
 CASK, HOWEVER, 
 
 'il)|)inij;s, 
 
 M. V. BUREN 
 
 I will be handed to yoij 
 lie wisihfis to come on 
 Do nip the favor to «iv 
 
 ieiid Thomas Ludlnwij 
 M. V. BUREN. 
 
 ■n. 
 
 ore lis. ^^rbsler louU 
 i.s of the Weekly Tei.- 
 tor nil', and send ilicli^: 
 ler. l''roMi the price n 
 
 ;. CAMBRELENG, 
 
 s " rnnrine aiidperitjiir 
 roi-'itc. 
 
 York. 
 
 Washinston, it was my 
 tlie .Soiiihrons, ijas ren- 
 niiifi, and afierstoppinij 
 ' home. I liavc looker; 
 seen it in cither. You 
 Utnr nf the Advocate m 
 with a concise and pn^ 
 
 I fJcnrsin, ninl Irnrninj from 
 in tli(> Somiimie wnr. llioir 
 in riiiisiir;; tniicli ill-will be- 
 ation I'mm the oilizenn, tnld 
 i u new and fur inure seduc 
 
 RITCHIE — Vri iniAETON — ECONOMV — THE r.vr.TV IKICKED. 
 
 sot 
 
 gpieunus view of that nuhject, AND TS NOT APPREHENSIVE THAT HE WOULD IN- 
 JURE HIS FRIEND MR. CLINTON.t he might do the smuf thing. In baste, 
 
 Yoins, sincerely, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 Thomas Bltchic's Parly Practice — The E'lut Ronni Letter. 
 [No. M7a.] Fiorn Nile-s's Re<?ister, Vol. 37— 1829— ".'JO. 
 
 E.xtraot of a Unter, dated .I;uiuary 1st, 1827, and addressed to, and published by, the Editor of 
 the Richmond Enquirer. 
 
 " This being the day on which the President's House is thrown open to all visitcv^,! went, 
 amon^ others, to pny my respects to him, [Mr. Adams ;] or rathfr, I should fairly confess, I 
 went to see the E.\st Rocjm, for the furni.'^hiiig of which vvr, had voted twenty five thousand dol- 
 lars at the last sc-sion (.f Compress. I wms an.xious to see how that amount of I'urniiure could be 
 stowed away in a single room, and my curiosity was fully satisfied. It was truly A GOR- 
 GEOUS SIGHT to behold ; but had too nmcli the look of REGAL MAGNIFICENCE to be per- 
 fectly agreeable to my old republican feelings." — Eichmnpd Enquirer,. J any. A, 1827. 
 
 Remarks. — Mr. Ritchie was instantly charged by other presses with having published a ma- 
 licious falsehood, there beinL' no truth in the above. Did he hasten to make amends? So far 
 from doinif so, it was tour months (April 27, 1827.) before he could be induced even to try to 
 excuse himself by saying that " The account to which the writer refers svas forwarded to us by 
 gne of the most intelligent and distinauis'iei! members of Con(cres="." 
 
 If a meiiiher of Comrrrss really made him his dupe, by telling hint a wanton and malicioua 
 lie, to injure another, why did he not e.xpose him to his constituents, and why allow the untruth 
 such a long circulation ? Is it thus that the Union is to be used to give the signal to 500 servile 
 or uninformed party presses? Is this democracy? In August, 1829, the Editor of the Tele- 
 graph attacked Mr. Adams on 'tother side. " It is well known (said he) that thro' Mr. Adams's 
 [iristocratic pride this elepant room [the East Room] was left unfurnished,'' &,c. What an evil 
 It is to have editors in power, iind infliieneing the people, who, like Ritchie, Noah, Cro8well> 
 Blair, and their employers, say " all's fair in politics," and act accordingly I 
 
 Exchanging a Carriage — an Apology fur one cent of Postage. 
 [No. 148.1 Letters, M.irtin Van Biiren, at N. York, to Lorenzo Iloyt, at Albany. 
 New York, .lune 2, 1827. — My Dear Sir : Will you do me the favor to get Dennis or some 
 one else to clean up my harness and Phaetun.imd send them to nie by one of the boats, with 
 directions to give me ihe earlie.st intbrniiition of its arrival. I want toe.xcliangi' it here. I can- 
 not pay the postage of this [ 12\ cents] lint will repay it among your other expenres. K.xcuse me 
 for troubling you, and write me. Your friend, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 [No. 149.] • N. Y.. .Tune fi, 1827. — My Dear Sir: I have sent a copy of the enclosed 
 to Mr. Wileoxon. with directions to advertise anew. The Chancellor would not grant the order 
 B. sent by Mr. Butler. Consult Mr. B. as to the form of making the amendment, and do it for 
 me forthwith. / hare nn opportunity nf paying the po.itage of this [it was one cent] but you 
 will, of course, keep an account of your e.xpences in this matter. 
 
 In haste, your friend, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 t By n reference to V^in Puren. Putlor, i\inl Croswell's previous letters to Iloyt, nbniit Noali, instriictins himia 
 tlie course llint wonlil licit servf their luirposi's, unil r<irnnienilin!r hi'' conduct : iinil iilso lo Viin Unren's letter to 
 Hoyt in Nov.. l>*-^. f.N'n l.^ii.) where he tii\» '■ I sorely rcaret the loss of Noiih's eioction ;" iind by cnliinff to mind 
 the fnct Ihnt Vim lliiren sot nside the cliiuos of (;odilnii;ton nnd iniiny others, in l8J!t, that, wi'h nnicli difficulty In 
 Wnshinploii, he niiaht iirovide hir .\oiili. Iiy the Sorvoyorship, the ri\ndid render ivill perhnps arrive nl the some 
 roni'liimon lis nivself, tiitit lliiniinoiid is wroiiij in his opinion — that Van Huron, Marcv. Knoxioi, t.'roswel! & Co, 
 acted in food fuith towards .Mr. lior.hester, when Ihev nominated him at their Herkimer convention, Oct. 18*20, ui a 
 cnnilidnte I'or (iovornor, in opposiiion to I'linlun. (.'linlon was lor .liicksoii — m nnin was Van llnren ; all his party 
 ciipitui nas lliiis invi'sieil. Itoi'lic.ier was the warm, personal, and iiolilica! friend of Clay, iiiid niLxious fur tho 
 reelerlioii of .Vdaiii^— so was I'eter B. I'orler of lilacit Kock, who addressed the electors in favor of Ihe Vnn Bu- 
 reii caiulidato, reminding Ihein, and with \ory cood reason too. that Kochester's election would proliRhly give Ad- 
 ams the Stale of New York, while Clinton's tni^'lit secure it to .lackson. Nouh had tried to nmke money, eight or 
 nine years liefore, liv desertinii the hiicktiiils — it would he ii irood trick in Van lltirm to alliiw him to np))ear to 
 come out, of his oinn accord, lor Clinton, njfiiiiisi his own [the V. II. J parly. t)y which ineiiiis the chiinces uj defeat 
 to Ihe Adams rainliilaie oiiidil he j;ioatly increased, while Van linren and his friends would make ctipitui on both 
 sides, nnd srim to liavi' kept their word. Van linren writes from South Carolina to Hoyt. in 18*}", lo (fel Nonh to 
 insert his speeches, " if he is not iipprelicn^'vo II would injure lii* I'ri id, .\lr, Clinton." Tliorc's something of the 
 iiieer in tins siivnii; clnusc — Croswrll went for Kocliester who was defciiled : .\oali for Cliiiloii and .lackson — many 
 of Vnn liiiren's coiilideiitial friends, at Alhaiiv and elsewhere, were njainst Rochester — nnd when tlit tug came in 
 IH^, Noah, Van Iliiren, Cr;iswell, Wright. I'lagg, and the ami .\diiiiis men, werefnir.d pulling steadily one wuy, 
 uith S. Swnrtwinit. mil tuk si'oii.s. Noiili's bitterness towards Van linren, in Ift'll to IHtl, was probably In a 
 great measure oivin:; to the impression he had, that his useful diiplicilv had mil receiveil a siiitiih/r rowanl. Tlirra 
 is lit present, n very good nnderslanding re estalilislied ; and Viin Biiren niiil Noah, as ihey deserve to he, are ngnln 
 friends. Clinton, as (Jovc'iiur, had I!r)."iO votes over Uochcsler; and I'ilcliur. the liiicktiiil noiniiK-e, was returned 
 with him as l.ienteimiit-tJoveruor. " Had Hoclirster (Van Unren's preteiiiled rainl'dato) hccii circled, there it 
 every rniisoii In hclicM' {'»nsj llamnioiid) r/i«MA^ entire iiiite nf the Siiitr wint/il hire hern iri ecu to Jtdams" — and 
 Van Biiren writes Hoyt, Feb. »*. {"'.it). f.\o, Hi.'i] that Westervelt, in 18'.'", had savcil their imrtv from defeat bjr 
 preventing Pitcher's nomin ition at Herkimer — (Ac inry man thry pretended In snppnrt in IftiO. The apathy dit- 
 plnvod bv some of Van Unren's mm, and tlie opposition of others, towards Kocliester, havin„' turned the teal* in 
 uivor of Clinton, the Clinloni ins in lhi> legislature rewarded the treachery (if »uch we inuy aaaie it) by voting to 
 re-«Uct Van Burou tu the U. ti. tieuule, in Feb. 1S!7. 
 
 K- i;i 
 
 ■- . . -f i' 
 
 '•■■^i 
 
 
 
 '■I 
 
202 
 
 VAN BUREN, WRIGUT, VERPLANCK, MANUFACTURES, MASONRY. 
 
 1, ;.. 
 
 
 ?>• ;.!• 
 
 ri r4 > 
 
 
 
 
 ■ f " t • 
 
 ! 1 
 
 [No. 150.] Tuesday morning, June 12, 1827. — I must leave here on Saturday mom. 
 
 ing, and if my carriage cannot be sent down so that I can have it by Friday morning, it will not 
 be worth while to send it. 
 
 [No. 151.] New York, June 13, 1827. — Dear Sir: lam detained here by nothing 
 
 save the carriage ; and, contrary to my letter of yesterday, I wish you would send it down upon 
 the receipt of this, if I should have to wait until next Monday to exchange it. 
 
 In haste. Your friend, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 [No. 152.] .Tohn Van Buren, [Attorney General, &€.,] (o Jes.se Hoyt, Albany. 
 
 New Haven, Nov. 28, 1827. — Dear Sir : I wish very much to get my riHe here ; and I know 
 of no other person except you to whom lean write about it, 1 would he very much obliged to you 
 if you would have a leather covering made for it, and put it on board of the Constellation or 
 Consiitution, in charge of ihe Captain ; directeil to me. rare of Drake &, Andrews, Tontine, 
 New Haven. The Captain will send it over to either of the New Haven boats, and so I will 
 get it. I want it very much, and I don't think I shall be home in the winter or I would not 
 trouble you ; it is in my bed room. Whatever the expense is yon ran get it of Mr. Butler, or if 
 you pay it I will pay you when I get home. The bullet-mould is in one of the draws of the 
 side board : if not there, I wish you would look for it. ' JOHN VAN BUREN. 
 
 The Metaphysics of the Committee of Congress on Maviifactmrs, In 1828. 
 [No. 153.] Governor Wright, Washington, to .Tes.se Hoyt, Alban\\ 
 
 [Free, S. Wright, Jr. Rep. in Congress,] Washington City, 15 January, 182;:^. 
 
 My Dear Sir : A note from the Hon. G. C. Verplanck was received by me yesterday, enclod- 
 ing a letter from yourself, together with a particular reference to the Committee on Manufac- 
 tures, of which I am a member, of a subject very nearly and deeply interesting to the Committee, 
 as well as to the farmers and manufacturers of our beloved country ; to wit, the subject of do- 
 mestic consumption. 
 
 You propose to him to refer it to me " as one of prrsons and papers, properly belonging to the 
 Manufacturing Committee." Ii may do very well as one of the " pnpas properly belonging to 
 the Committee." But it would seem very clearly to mo, that it is only the rr.idrnrc of " one uf 
 the persons^' properly belonging, &.C., as you ciinnot have forgotten thiit the " paper" had re- 
 ceived " an envious rent," which you say was " from an Adams Woman." Now tills Adams 
 Woman would appear to be more nearly one of the persons, as possessing evidently the ability 
 of proving to the committee the facts in relation to this branch of consumption. But wuether 
 or not this conclusion be strictly correct, another follows directly from a view of the " paper" 
 itself, and which it is passing strange you siioiild have ovi rlooki'il. The repair of liiis " envious 
 rent,'' you say, was immediately made "by the most delicate lingers that c^ild be possibly tii- 
 listed in the cause of the General !" This repair is manifest and presents of itself a delicate 
 specimen of domestic manufacture, important to the comfort, vconomij, and independence of this 
 republican government. Now if it had occurred to you, that the objeet of the Committee is not 
 only to procure useful specimens of domestic manut'actures.but also the pirsonal attendance he- 
 fore the Committee of the individual practical manufacturers themselves, that they may see and 
 learn at the same time, you certainly would not have omitted to forward the names or name so 
 directly rendered material, to enable the Committee faithfully to diwharge their important trust. 
 
 We have no news here. I shall at all times be extremely pleased to hear from yon by letter. 
 In much haste, I am very sincerely your friend, and humble servant, SILAS WRUillT, Jr. 
 
 Electioneering — Mr. Clay a Mason of rank — Poinsett's Mexican Masonry — Is .7. Q. Adume 
 a Mason ? — Martindale on Slarery — (hdian f\ Verplanck. 
 
 [No. 154.] (Julian C Verplanck, M. C, to Jesse Hoyt, Aliiany. 
 
 Washington, Jan. 22, 1828. — Dear Sir : I have just been told by a distinguisiied Western 
 member that Mr. Clay is a Mason of rank. He has been in Lodjies, Chapters, &.C., with him. 
 Cannot this be so used with Clay's friends in our Western District, or with the people, as to di- 
 vert that question from mingling with the Presidential one?* 
 
 *<!nlinn C. Verplanck show! nn Inck of tnct in whnt i« rnllod eleftiMPPPrinc. Me wiis tho v/\\\\> rnnrlidnte for 
 Movnr of New York tii IH'14. nnrt nime within 180 vnlos of rtprcnliri!; (.'. W. I,ii\vrenr'(>. ihnii'ih Ihf prt'viiiiu ilfinio- 
 crntic nnijurity hail l)een ."iflflO. Ho uinst be well ndviinrnil in ycnrs, Oir lie wn« mnrritcl liv Kislmi) Unhurt in 
 180(1. IMnnv venrs since he wn» invulved in n dispnte iihnnt Trinity Chnroh which did not increase his friendship 
 for Oiivernor Clinton. .As ' Aliimeleck (Tnmlv,' in 1811. he wrnl" powcrfnl essivs in lercnce of Ihe wnr. nnd nl- 
 tncked Clinton with grent severity — nnd nt^erwnnls joined the hnrkl:ii!s njtiiinst hitn. In |Hi><, ntthe Herkimer 
 Convenliin. he nominiiled Vim Itnren for Governor — snpported .Irirkson for I'rcsidonl— nnd nnlv joined the opno- 
 •Itlon when the hnnk veto nnd deposit qnestions mine np, nnd the 1,'reit reimlilnnn piirtv filed off to riglit nnd left 
 as whigs nnd deinoernts. He h,is heen in Coniress nnd n Pinte Senator — Im distinjtni«hed In Ihe wnlk« nf litera- 
 tnre — nnd, with Levi llenrdsley and Samuel Yonne. ims proved himself n friend to hia country bv hit effbrt9(/i ex- 
 tend the bleuiiigi of education and increase useful knowledge thruugiiaut tlie laud.. 
 
tASONTlY. 
 
 ■re on Saturdny mom. 
 ay morning, it will not 
 
 lined here by nothing 
 uld SLMid it duwn upon 
 it. 
 M. V. BUREN. 
 
 Hoyt, Albany. 
 
 iHe here ; and I know 
 ry much obliged to you 
 ol' tiip Constellation or 
 
 it Andrews, Tontine, 
 "loats, and so I will 
 winter or I would not 
 
 it of Mr. Butler, or if 
 ot' the draws of the 
 L\ VAN BUREN. 
 
 rrs, in 1828. 
 lany. 
 
 15 January, lbiii<. 
 r nie yesterday, enclos- 
 •mniittee on Mnnufac- 
 ting to the Committee, 
 wit, the subject of rfo- 
 
 operly belonging to the 
 ( properly belonging to 
 lie rridrur.c of " one uf 
 t the " paper" had n- 
 71." Now this Adams 
 g evidently the ability 
 imption. But wl.ethfr 
 ii view of the " paper" 
 repair of this " envious 
 t ctjjild be possibly en. 
 'uts of itself a delicate 
 id independence of thia 
 if the Connnittee is not 
 ursnnal attendance he- 
 that they may see and 
 the luinies or name so 
 e their important trust, 
 lear frotn you by letter. 
 :iAS VVRUaiT, Jr. 
 
 trinni- 
 nrk. 
 
 ■Is J. Q. Adanu 
 
 distinguished Wt-sferii 
 lapters, »fc.c., with him. 
 h I he people, as to di- 
 
 lu the whi); cnndidnte for 
 thoii^rji the iirvviiiiis (iRnin- 
 ricil liv Kisli(>|i Ili)lmrt In 
 not iiKTonsn his friendship 
 ^rciicc (if the wnr. nnfl nt- 
 Iii \f>-i**. nl the Herkimer 
 ■nml <iiilv joined the oppo- 
 V filed nir to riglit nnd left 
 leil ill the wnllc! of litera- 
 oiuitry bv liii effbrtf l/i ex- 
 
 ELECTIONEERING WITH A VIEW TO THE CONTROL OF THE SPOILS— CLINTON. 203 
 
 Mr. Poinsett's masonic interference in Mexican aflaire, a minister appointed and supported by 
 Adams, might also be used.* 
 
 1 have written to Baylies to ascertain if J. Q. A. [John Quincy Adams] is not also of the pro- 
 scribed secret association. 
 
 1 have not time to add more by this mail. Suggest these mtitters to those who will use them 
 to advantage. 
 
 Martindale has made a singular display, reading a long sermon against slavery, with great 
 emphasis and gesticulation. 1 am yours, G. C. V. 
 
 Regrets Clinton's death — What conl.d we haoe done with him ? — He might have opposed Jack' 
 son — My friend Lawrence — Help Judge Hoffman. 
 [No. 155.] James Campbell, Surrogate, N. Y., to Jesse Hoyt, Albany. 
 
 New York, February 2:2, 1838. — Dear Sir : I was very much schocked when I heard ot jMr. 
 Clinton's death, and 1 confess to yon, that 1 .sincerely reirret it. 
 
 Important consequences are likely to follow from this event ; but whether favorable or preju. 
 dicial is diftieuli to determine. It was certainly a very enibarrassinir question to decide In what, 
 way Mr. Clinton was to be disposed of at the ensuing election. He undoiihteiily v^ould have 
 been a candidate for Governor, and in this case could the Republican party have been prevailed 
 on to support him ? I am of opinion that they could not. Mr. Clinton then, finding himself 
 opposed by our party, would he or his friends cordially co-operate in the support ol' General 
 Jackson ? In such a state of things, llie prohability is they would have opposed Jackson, and 
 the intolerance manifested towards them would have been urged as an excuse for their conduct. 
 By the death of Mr. Clinton this danger is avoided ; but then it may give rise to others not less 
 serious ami formidable. In the selection of a candidate for Governor, every kind of artifice will 
 be resorted to by the Adams party, to distract and to throw us into confusion : and it is only 
 by effecting this that they have any chance of succeediiig.t 
 
 * .loel Poinsett of Poiitli Carolina uns Consul Oenernl of the II. S. nt Buenos Ayrcs in 1P13. and hnd held ofliciiil 
 Dtation there lor years " in the same lino of liiisiness (say.s the Baltimore federal Kepiililiriin) lis .liihn Henry fol- 
 lowed ill the I'. S., viz : sowndins the di-^pi'siiion ol'the people, and Indilins out eiii'OMr:i<reinpnt to disunion." Ho 
 was nflerwards siMit to Mexiiii wIiitc ho hosioil hliii'^i.df in the (stiiliiishmenl of .Mn^onio Lodges, the rhiirters for 
 which he ohtiiiiird from the I'. S. 'I'lie MexicniK rharged him with hein;; an arifol distiirher of their political sys- 
 tem ; nnd in duo time ho assumed his proper position as M.irtin \'a\\ ISnren's war se<'retary. Poinsett began nis 
 education in Cjiinucticut, and llnished it in l.ondon and I'.dinliuigli. 
 
 t Mr. Clinton, whether in life or death, was evidently n raiisonf uneasiness to Van Bnren and his followers. The 
 followinff letter from Silas VVriL'liI to Martin Vim Bnren was piililished in the Workinsninn's Advocate, Albany, 
 Oct. 18;ill — and shows what WriL'hfs views wero iit tlictinio he wrotr it. (.'overnor Clinton eniild not have nomi- 
 iiBted HcmnM ,?. lirdliild as lirriiit iiiilu'i- of the- wc-tt'tn district, fur he was one ofthe ITsen.'iiors who had set public 
 fentinient at delianco in lt*il. to pli'asc Van Huron and elert the intoleriinl candidate. Crawford. It is one ofVnn 
 Bnren's rules, that, as, hy ndlu'reiire to him, his political friends may sometimes have to act dishonestly nnd un- 
 justly towards the pi'ople, lie (V. It.) will stand liv snch partv iiislrninents, if nsel'ni. and uphold them ag'iinstthe 
 [icople. It was on this moimri'liiciil principle of Charles I and II, that VVriirht spoke of Redfield. Po, too, when the 
 jieoide's representatives removed I'lni.'^', Van Bnren made him a P. M., and there are hundreds of similar cases. 
 I.ittcr, SiVns H'right to Martin fan Buren, fVasMngton. 
 
 Albany, April 4th, 1826. 
 My Dear Ij^iii : — 'I'he time for our adjournment is now fixed upon, nnd we shall soon have done what shall ut 
 all be done to prepare for our l';ill contest. Much alarm nnd excitement is prevailin;;, not onlv here, hiit in New 
 York and elsewhere, from the oonrse taken by Noah, and hy the allei^ntions that some of lis with yourself, are in- 
 clining to join with Mr. (^linlon iiL'ainst the \ati<inal Administration. These allegations have been more or less 
 innde for some time, lint did not bcconie hnid or olVeelive until the Advocate came out as yon will have seen. 
 Many of onr strmu! t'ri<Mids are fearful, and nearly all of them cannot under any terms he broiifjht to join Mr. Clin- 
 ton, or to consent lo emleavor to sustain ourselves without rnniiins; n candidate for (lovorimr aiT'iinst Clinton . If 
 he had noniinnted liedtiehl as .Iiidiio of the Hlh Circuit, and taken any gr<iund, the result micht have been diflcreiit. 
 but now I think it perfectly fixed. Mv object, therefore is to int'orm yon truly what 1 think will be done; what 
 conrse I have invsclt'con'onled to ; ai,d what course will, in my opinion, alone save ns from an entire division and 
 failure at onr next election. .\ cain'iis will lie held by onr friends in the Ijejislatiire before onr adjournment ; the 
 time nnd (dace of boldin:.' a Htiite ('aliens will be tixed upon, lo consist of ileleciites from the counties equal tu 
 their representation in the A<semblv, an address recDinmendinjr the lioldiii!.' of such n caucus issued, and the de- 
 clared objects of tbeeaiieiis slated to be the nomination of a (lovernor and Lieut, (.overnor. Tlins, I expect we 
 shall leave this subject and this city. Yon will readily ask what man can we oiler to siieb u conventimi ? If 
 von slinnid ask what men want to be otfered. I could answer von more easily. Talloiadtfe, Yonns, etc. But it is 
 much more ditticnil to siiv what man \\'e oii^dit to oiler to such oniicns. and ibroiiffh them to the eleeti rs. your 
 colleaaue, (.\atlian Sanl'oril| however, is more talked of now by onr triends tlinii anyotber man. Tiillmadce is the 
 candidate of a very few of the Adams men. bill tbev would probabK be pleased to excliMnfe him for Snnford. 
 What may be the stale id' things next (iill il is now impossible to prednM, but if the feeliii;; whicli we leave here 
 should retiiaiii, I think there is little doubt he will ho nominated by onr friends. We are nut unaware of the nppenr- 
 ance which rnnniiig him will give nbroail, nor of the U'plensaiit situation in winch yon may suppose yourself 
 placed by this course. But mv retlcction and the iippei.rnnces inline Stale have induced me to believe that no 
 other measures will be so likelv to '.rive ns the power of the State wbeii most we shall want it. I admit if we could 
 hold onreleelion withonl any reference to the ipieslion of (iovernor, il would probiil Iv be heller for ns. Rut it it 
 perfectly scltled tlint if we do not •retiip a ciiiidiilate against Clinlon, the Adams and Clay pnrl of onr friends will, 
 and snch a candidate the great boily of onr poltiicnl friends tbronghoiit the .'^tMle would enlist themselves to sun- 
 port ngiiiiisl Clinti'ii. II then we srionld favor Clinton, there would be nil elVectiial split in onr ranks which coulj 
 not be healed. If we should not favor Clinton, onr services would be rei|iiired for the oppisite candidate, wlij- 
 ever he might be, or we should bo equally sutjiecled onduppuicd. Again, if we should nut favor Cliutuit, his fricndi 
 
 % 
 
 •■I 
 
 n 
 
 .:J 
 
 M 
 
 ■ 'it 
 
 ■A 
 
904 
 
 PRETENDED PATRIOTS INTENT ON PCBLIC PLUNDER. 
 
 ■' k^^%^:f^r:;i 
 
 
 
 
 :, -A f. 
 
 V' t- 
 
 ■*■•>: .", ■ ■ 
 
 ,i '?■ C.: . 
 
 
 
 My Friend Lawrence called on me to-day for the first time since the receipt of the news oi* 
 
 Mr. Clinton's death : uliho' previously scarcely a day elapsed without his paying nie a visit. I 
 suspect he deferred his call until he had time to communicato with Washington. I was not long 
 before I inquired of him whom wo should have for Governor, when, as 1 expected, he promptly 
 answered, Nathan Sanford. 
 
 Whilst you are staying at Albany, may it not be in your power to make some interest with 
 the Lieut. Ciovernor and Senate in favor of our friend Hoffinan ? Had Mr. Clinton survived, 
 there is good reason to believe, that he would have nominated him for the office of Recorder ; 
 but under the present order of things, I suppose there is but little pro-^pect of this. If, however, 
 the new Court should be established, might not Mr. Hofl'man have a fair chance of being ap. 
 pointed its Chief .fustice, if proper exertions were made ? Write me a letter on the subject of 
 his prospects for this or any other situation, so that I may show it to him. If he comUI obtain 
 SOME COMFORTABLE PLACE, it would aflord me a great deal of satisl'action. 
 
 Let me know when it is probable the Lieutenant-Governor will make his iiominationd. I en. 
 closed your last to Van Buren. Yours, respectfully, .FAMES CAMPBELL. 
 
 Anti-Masonry — Saratoga doctored to death — Vote of the Stale — lame Mnjoriticn only useful 
 on the score of Bets — Drnome,a crazy County — Southwick set up as a Decoy Duck — Sore re- 
 grets for the loss of Noah's Election, an the Native candidate. 
 
 [No. 156.] Martin Van Buren, Governor-elect of N. Y., to .fesse Iloyi, N. Y. 
 
 Albany, Nov. 8, 1828. — My Dear Sir : I thank you sincerely lor your several communica- 
 tions. They have been a source of both pain and piea<<ure tome — the latter on account of their 
 contents, and the former on account c'' the extreme difficulty I have had to make out what their 
 contents were. You would certainly correct this, if you knew how extiemely painful it is to 
 your friends. I would have written to you before, but have had no time to eat my meals. My 
 hou-e has been run down by my t'riends, at one moment flushed with victory, and the next fright- 
 ened out of their senses, and frequently without cause for ciilicr. 
 
 Laying the eflbrts of Anti-masonry out of view, and of which we have as yet not much be- 
 yond rumour, the election has been a real old fashioned ninety-ei£;ht tight. Ijverywhere, as far 
 as ascertained, we have succeeded in uemocratic counties by overwhelmini; votes, and lost in 
 counties that were formerly federal by small majorities. S.iratoga was (iociored to death if it is 
 lost, which is not certain. The name of Adams, and the cliaracter of the iliscussions, have brought 
 old feelings int-» entire and eflicient operation. The result, according to niv present knowledge 
 and belief, has been (under the circumstances) signally triutnphiint. The li)llowing vote upon 
 the electoral Tick^t I regard as absolutely certain. If liiere ,ire any mistakes in it, in your part 
 of the State, you can, of coari«e, correct it. (JuctMis iind SuflolJ.:, 1 j'-iccrtnined. — Kintis 1 do. — 
 New York 3 do. — Westchester and I'utnam 1 do. — Dutchess 1 do. — Orange 1 do. — Ulster and 
 Sullivan 1 do. — Greene and Delaware 1 do. — Schenectady and Schoharie 1 do. — Herkimer 1 
 do. — Otsego 1 do. — Onondaga L We have only partial returns, and they are. favorable. I can- 
 not think there is the slightest doubt of this County. Ascertained. Cayuga 1 ascertained. — 
 Chenango nnd Broome 1 do. — Tompkins and Courtlandi I, not ascertained, but without the 
 elightest doubt — 17. 
 
 Now, I have not time to speak of the chances in the other districts; you must make thf m out 
 from the papers. For myself, I should think good luck alone would gi;c us a lew more, an*! I 
 shall be egregiously disappointed if we do not get 20 at the very least. You need not believe 
 their stories, for they have not the slightest respect for truth in most cas^-s. We shall therefore 
 
 would not favor us in Cnnjress, fennte nnd Assembly lii-kcts, the success in wliirli would lie llie onlv oliject in our 
 declintnj; to hnve ii cnnclidiile for (Sovernor. Should we dedinn to support llu! ciiididiite rnri nj:;ainsi ("Imlnn be- 
 caiite he wns friendly to Ad:ims, tins wonid inevitnbly indnre the I'nciids of llvit rMiKliiiiito, two thirds of whom, 
 «o fur im the Sliite Is roncerned, would be friends, not only to rnn ('uniiros'', Hcniilo iind .\»^^'lnldy tickets, but to 
 run them pledged to Adiirns. In uny event then, from thii stiite of thiuiis, it (luis appeir to mu, thut wc should bo 
 between two (ires without the least prosjiectof esciipin!» the Humes, instead of hritufinsr off the spnit. We shinild put 
 ourselves precisely in the situntion the fedcrnlists oitliis Htate have been in tor leii.s pist, iii'lin;; under Roliirs nut 
 nnr own, nnd doin|>^, journey work, lint suppose we take up your <Mdle:i!>;uv mid iimku nim our own candidute. 
 He is here considered repul)licun ; by the Adnins men he is cmisidcrod an .Adams mar , and by us, in truth, not 
 much dilferent. lint would not the very fact of takiujf biin up, without reforonce to Ins leoliiias in reffurd to na- 
 tional politics, nnd purely on the ground of democracy, drnw ufter it, iis n necessary ciinsei|iience. the ni(|uisition 
 ofthe ndministratlon streii;th of this Htate, while the iiuestion of niitioiiul politics would not be drawn into a fur- 
 inntion of our Congress. Hen lie und Assembly tickets ! * * * * 
 
 Again — I hnvB tbought. and still think, taking the future prospncts for four years, of what will be the state of 
 nntionul politics, tbnt I had rather hive your colleague fSanfordl iiero ns (Jovernor, thuii where be now is, nnd 
 ihould we have the power ne.xt winter, I think we could better till that place for the future contest. 8o much ia 
 the most perfect haste, us my reason for consenting niid advising to tlie course I have p.Jiiitpd out to vou, ns to our 
 Itnte election. If I nm wrrmg, writn me and tnll me so, as frankly as I have given vou th:s tmliniis. ill-iligested de- 
 tail. If you cnnfatj all concur in these views, jileuse endeavor to influence your culleiiL'iie to bild himself willing to 
 iervo his friends in the way here suggested. l>o not bv this letter suspect ibiit any changes in my feelings, or 
 those with whom I have acted, has taken place favurnhle to Messrs. Clay, Adiims, & V.ii. It Is not so. » * ♦ ♦ 
 You will cuniider this letter ub entirely cuntidentiul. * i< * VViihsealiinentsuf the wurinest fr.emlship, I nm, J^c. 
 
 H. VVUiUUT. Jr. 
 
 VAN 
 
 have votes en o 
 IMPORTAN 
 Our Gover 
 Brooinet (A ( 
 it is supposed 
 Southwick's t 
 tween 1500 ai 
 chance to can 
 as is desirable 
 Money, I am s 
 TION, AS W 
 HIS ELECT 
 satisfied that I 
 hazard on hit 
 him. I shall 
 planck, Hamil 
 encd as he sa 
 me to Mrs. Hi 
 
 New Yorj 
 tmall trunk i, 
 gible. I negl 
 certain in Mo 
 with perfect c 
 
 [No. 15f 
 HuDso.v, N 
 returns from 
 and if not, dr 
 
 [No. ISD 
 
 Nov. 28. 
 
 oollected fror 
 
 as I advancet 
 
 of the first n 
 
 * President 
 ofthe lenst 
 " what is ov 
 York, Jun 
 family, in the 
 
 " Another | 
 elections, ii nd 
 improper nn 
 tute n theme 
 hit mind, fi 
 to the quesiioi 
 bft, nnd llie 
 mny hoiie t.i 
 tu examine i 
 
 " The siig 
 iihnhle crim 
 conviction, t 
 cutinn. The 
 justifv the pa 
 our elections 
 expenditure 
 considered, I 
 crime and Its 
 
 (If Broom 
 icmbly ill IK2 
 charter. In thi 
 
 J I have p 
 Now York. 
 )ier<ons, been 
 Albany by ' 
 printing is t^ 
 cut Mt Wash 
 bv hired, sen 
 tlie neglect u 
 
 184 
 
VAN Bt'llEN S LOOSE MOKAtfr— Sll-AS WklGHT A HEFORMER 
 
 -NOAIf. 
 
 205 
 
 It of the newa oi' 
 |ng nie a visit, I 
 I was not long 
 Icted, he promptly 
 
 lome interest with 
 I Clinton survived, 
 
 iice of Recorder ; 
 
 liis. If, however, 
 lance of being ap- 
 [r on the subject of 
 ff lie could obtain 
 
 lominationd. I en. 
 CAMPBELL. 
 
 luritici only useful 
 }oi/ Duck — Sore re- 
 
 Iloyt, N. Y. 
 vfial communica- 
 on account of their 
 i[ikc out vvhnt their 
 civ painful it is to 
 at my meals. My 
 and tiie next fright- 
 
 is yet not much be- 
 I'jverywherc, as far 
 g votes, and lost in 
 u(hI to death if it is 
 issions.have brought 
 ' present knowiedgo 
 Ibllowinn; vote upon 
 es in it, in your port 
 led. — Kintis 1 do, — 
 re 1 do. — Ulster and 
 I do. — Herkimer 1 
 e. favorable. I can. 
 jga 1 ascertained. — 
 ed, but without the 
 
 mist make them out 
 
 s a lew more, and I 
 
 'on need not believe 
 
 Wc shall therefore 
 
 lie llie onlv ohject in out 
 run ii<,Miiist Cliiiiiin l«- 
 u, twi) thirds of whom, 
 UM!iiilily tickets, liut l(, 
 ) mt;. (hut we should ho 
 ir.ipnil. We should put 
 iiriln;; nniler nolora nut 
 im our own candidate, 
 lid hy us, in truth, not 
 eoliiias III regard to nii- 
 |ucni!e. the iiri|uisitinn 
 jt he diuwn iiitu n for- 
 
 iiit will he iho btuteof 
 where he now Is, iind 
 ! contest. So much io 
 ■d out to von, nn to our 
 leilifins. lll-ilieP8tcil de- 
 I h lid himself willing to 
 i^es in iiiv feelings, or 
 It i« not so, * ♦ ♦ * 
 St rreniUhlp, I nm, Jcc. 
 B. VVKIUIIT. Jr. 
 
 have votesenough to put ,Tack8on 'selection out of all question, and WHAT IS OVER IS ONLY 
 IMPORTANT ON THI-J SCORE OF BE I'S.* 
 
 Our Governor and Lieut. Governor's majority will be immense. The only 4 towns ia 
 Brooinet (A CRAZY COUNTY) have given ine a uiianimoiis vote, viz, 1000, und the others, 
 it is supposed will not reduce that. Everywhere 1 get liie true party vote, and in many places 
 Southwick's vote will be large. We shall have nearly ;J0()0 in Uisicr imd Sullivan, and be- 
 tween 1500 and 2000 in Cayuga ; we have currii:d our Senutoia in 4 districts, and have a good 
 chance lo carry them in most of the others. Our niajoriiy in the Assembly v.ill be as large 
 as is desirable. Contending, as we have done, against Federuli.-'ni, revived Anti-masonry, and 
 Money, I am .satisfied with the result. I SORELY REGRKT TIIE LOSS OF NOAH'S ELE.C 
 TION, AS WELL AS ON HIS OWN ACCOUNT, AS ON ACCOUNT OF THE COST 
 HIS ELECTION HAS BKEN TO THE PARTY ; but ovx point is gained, viz : he must be 
 satisfied that his friends have, with their eyen open, sustained a great strus'^le, and. run much 
 hazard on his account. J hope there will yet be some way found out of doing something for 
 him. I shall be down on Tuesday. In iliv ini'sm lime, show this to my friends Bowne, Ver- 
 planck, Hamilton, and Cambreleng. Tell VerphnKk i lu'.ve no doubt you w;ia as much fright- 
 ened as he says, and am quite certain that you have as much pluck rs you cljiin. Remember 
 me to Mrs. Hoyt, and believe me to be, Yoiirt;, lorcliul' , , M, V. BUREN. 
 
 [No. 157.] ,Tohn Van Buren to L. Hoyt, at All>aiiy. 
 
 New York, Nov. 13, 1828. — Dear Sir : You will confer a 1;iv<m- upon me, by having that 
 imall trunk »« which Pa keeps his valuable papers, i^r.., sent up to Mr. Butler's as soon as pos- 
 sible. I neglected doing so when I left. As far as returns are received, we have three votes 
 certain in Maryland, with a chance of another double district. Our friends here all claim Ohio, 
 with perfect confidence. The returns from there are very favorable. JNO. VAN BUREN. 
 
 [No. 158.] Judge Edmonds to .Ics^e Hoyt. 
 
 Hudson, November StJ, 1828. — Dear Sir: I nm an.xious to see Mr. Vuti Biiren as soon as he 
 returns from ^ i"w York. Will you be so good as to inform me whctln-r he has yet returned; 
 and if not, dn... iiie a line as soon as he does return. By so doing, you will olilige. 
 
 Your friend, ,1. W. EDMONDS. 
 
 [No. 159.] 1 J. A. Hamilton to .Tessc Hoyt, Wall street, N. Y, 
 
 Nov. 28. Private. — Dear Hoyt : Campbell inforn.a ine that you hold a part of the money 
 
 ooUected from the Auctioneers, unappropriated — if so, I wish you not to part with it, inasmuch 
 
 as I advanced ,$200 to Targce to send to Albany, which he proniisid me should be repaid out 
 
 of the first money he should collect. He now informs me ihnt he has not funds to pay me, &c. 
 
 * President Vim Hurendoes not think a liirge miijoritynf the people, .is iii(li('iilivc of union on men mid inensiires, 
 of the lenst consequence. If Jnrkson Is safe, and the chance of the party to ftniiii iho plunder, throufrli him, 
 "what is over is only important on the score of hets." Gov. Wnj-'hl, in liis nii;.i>a;;e to the Lpjishitiire of New 
 York. Jun. 1845, furnishes a very suitable coininenlury ,ipoii this guniiiling, heiiinj,' iiropensity of tlie Van liuren 
 family, in these words ; 
 
 " Another point of much more serious complaint, is thee.vleiisive and riipiilly increasing practice of hetting upon 
 elections, iind the interesteil and sellish, and corrupting tendencipi which it exerts upon the election itself. 'J'hese 
 iinpro|ier nni! corrupting influences have made themselves miinilcst to the wlndo Imtly of our freoinen, and consti- 
 tute n theme of almost universal complaint, l.'pini the parly to the wiiger, llu'v nro all controllini:. llisear and 
 hit mind, from the moment his inonev is .staked, arc cluscil agiiinvt nrgiiinciii, i.r rcasmi, or cxiiniinalinn, cither ns 
 to the questions involved, or the candidates pre^'enled lor his inUVaic. lie must so vote anil so act as lo win his 
 bft, and the welfare of the country hecomes iiii entirely secondary ccm<idoriition. His ap|icals in all over whom he 
 may hoiie to exert an inHiicnc. , are to s.ive hinisolf Innn loss, and help liiiii to win Uie money uf Ills opiiuiieiit, not 
 tu examine and inquire how they may lest serve their country hy their voles." 
 
 "The suggestion." continues (Jovernor Wright. " must likely to arrest the practi.-e of hetting. is to make it pun- 
 iihi\hle criminally ; to suhject the parlies to every lict m;iilc upon the result of mi election, to indictnient, and upon 
 cunviction. to punishment liy a tine, to he graduated hy the ainoiini of the wngcr. Jiml to all flic co.^s of Iho prose- 
 cution. The deleterious influence of this species of gniLliling upon the piildic moriils alone, won hi, ii appears tome, 
 justify the pa.ssiige of a law which should make it criiiiinnl. And when its ciiinijit mil ciiriiptin;.' leiidencies upon 
 our elections, upon the free and proper exercise of the elective IVancliiso ; when it.- iiiMiience to hr iig the improper 
 expenditure of money into n political canvass, and lo apply it under the ilosper .te nnpoUe nf a eambliiig spirit, are 
 considered, I cnnnot doubt that the moral and political aspect of the evil wiil I'iilly justify its clussilicatiou as u 
 crime and its punishment as such." 
 
 f If Broome was crazy, I'etor nolnn^on. her roprc'cnfiitive, was riiiiie discrecl. lie sal as Spe.iker of the A«- 
 iciniily in IH29. and never mi-seil a liiiiik divi.siun during tie" session, liiit iiiiilcnuly vi.tucl a;'ainst every saletv-fuud 
 charter, in the tecih of Van lUiren's advice. 
 
 JI have placed this note as of IP-JP. lint it m:iv lie \?^^. or any other yonr, :irtcr the .Vovcnilicr cnnipaiin in 
 Now Vork. Was the \iictioneeis' nionov, an eleclinneeriiig tux levied liv the piirlv i.i power. I'riini that clii'ss of 
 per<on«, hecMii-e priv'leged 7 llnni Iti n was verv sliarp and close alioiit eirli, fees &c. Were the SvllO sent to 
 Alhnnv by Tnrgeo. in account of a coniracl fnnA lo inaMrfnciiMO* |iiililic opinion lor the ,'^lMte, as the otheial 
 priiitiiiB is't' Uitcliio. innl ns It was fimierU to IMnir and Uivcs. lo iiml le li.piii to eniph.v mid direct men of tal- 
 ent lit Wasbiiiaton how to iiniiinliiciiire [mlilic senlinienl, to lie f irwanlcil tliriM'^jh the I'niteil ,<iiitP5, anil echoed 
 bv hired, servile, and miprincipled presses, for the benefit of a party bound tnpcllier hv the pliiiuler oi'the people and 
 llie neglacl of useful reforms 1 If not— wli..t mus it ? 
 
 .■:-i- 
 
 
 :1:i 
 
 ">!., 
 
\i ' ' 
 
 
 ..:t 
 
 •.■ f ■ 
 
 206 
 
 VAN BUREN TRUSTS IN 0^ PROVIDENCE !— HIS FUIEND BUTLER. 
 
 &c., the end of all wliieh is, that I am not to be repaid in the manner I supposed. Of the 200 
 I have but 65, so that tliere is due to inc $135, and if you have the whole, or any part of that 
 amount, I wish yuu to take care of nie, as far as you can. Talk with Campbell. 
 
 Yours, &c., J. A. HAMILTON. 
 
 An Active Voter— the unfortunate pitied. 
 [No. H;0.J Gulian C. Verpl.inck, M. C, to Jesse Hoyt, at New York. 
 
 [Postmiirk, Wafhinjzton Dec. 'J7,] 18i26. — I enclose a contribution for the Major [Noah.j 
 wlioi^e notice of Mr. ilerbtrt I received this morning, and recognize therein a hand which is not 
 unknown. The iMajor'.'^ are native wood.notes, but there is a learned melody in 5-8 time, 
 which will e.xplain to you. It is not only true that Mr. H. voted for the whole Jockpon 
 
 ticket in the ."itli ward, but he did it twice running, and then observed that he was now goinji over 
 to Hobokon, but to-nioirow he would vote in the iirst ward, for all the Jackson candidates 
 c.\cept Alderman Cclira, whom he could not swallow. This I will swear to. Please commuiii. 
 ni('ate it to the National Advocntc 
 
 Who is to be Mayor? Poor Adams [meaning the then President of the U. S.] looks so 
 woK-begone and sick that every body pities him. He is wholly altered in person and appear- 
 ance. Yours, G. C. V. 
 
 [No. IGI.] Govern'ir Van Buren to Jesse Hoyt, at New York. Aldany, Jan. 4, 182!), 
 My Dear Sir: You need not, 1 think, liiive any apprehension about the nie.«sage. The earliest 
 allov,-al)le moment will lie embraced to send you a copy ; but that cannot be as soon as you de- 
 • sire. 1 thank you kindly for your letter, and beg yuu to write me always with equal freedom. I 
 cannot cDU.-ent to contribute by any act of mine to the prevalence of that great political vice, a 
 desire to hhiiii n epniisibiiity. I shall do the best I can in whatever relates to my office, andleavr 
 ih: result tu PROVIDKNCE az/d the People. Remember me kiniily to Mrs. H. and believe 
 mi; lo be very sineerely your friend, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 Does our friend L. Smith know that Judj;e Swanton has been recommended by the elite of 
 the party in New Ycrk? I prfsume it is understood by him and all our friends. / do not s« 
 huio J can avoid the appointmcnl. 
 
 [No. 1(J2.] (iovernor Van Bireii to Jes-se Hoyt, at New York, 
 ALB.A.NV, Jan. 15, 18'2'J. Do me the favor to find out the residence of Mr. Forman, and give the 
 enclosed to him. You may ascertain it from Mr. Newbold, or Catlin, or Chancellor Kent. 
 
 M. V. BUREN. 
 
 Butler and the Attorney GeneraUhip — the Clinton Bill — Coddington's advice — Westervelt, Ha- 
 vens, Mauley — Folitirif found even in Physic. 
 [No. 1031 Governor Van Buren to Jesse Hoyt, N. York. 
 
 Albany, Feb. 1, 1829. My Dear Sir: I am distressed by Lorenzo's accounts of your afTaire 
 in New York. When will the Republican Par'.y be made sensible of the indispensable neces- 
 sity of nominating none but true and tried men, so that when they succeed they gain something' 
 The same game that is playing with you was in a degree played here on the nomination of At- 
 torney General. T/tc only pemonal objection that was made to Mr. Butler, was his conduct 
 last winter in regard to the Clinton Bill, and I believe that every Clintonian in both houses 
 voted against him, e.Ncept Charles Livingston, of whose vote I am advised. Mr. B. depended 
 upoit your city vote, and would have succeeded if he had got it. Cargill, Arnold, Alburtus, and 
 Mr. Allen, voted for him — beyond that nothing is known. I must insist upon you not mention- 
 ing my name in connection wit'.i this subject in any form. Make it a point, if you please, to set 
 my good friend C()DDlN(iTON, and say to him that 1 hane not been able to follow his ad- 
 vice in relation to the Health appointnirnts, and hope to satisfy him when I see him that I have 
 done right. The claims of Dr. Wesfervelt were, taking all things into the account, decidedly 
 the strongest, and niEch was due to the relation in which he stood to (iovernor Tompkins, 
 especially from one who knew so well what the latter has done and auftered for this State. I 
 should forever have reproached myself if I could have refused so small a tribute to his memory. 
 Westervilt is a gentleman and a man of talent, of a Whig Family, and a Democrat from his 
 cradle. He was three years in the Hospital and five years Deputy Health Officer, until he was 
 crueliy removed tliruii;j;li the instrumentality of Dr. Harrison, who to my knowledge, owed his 
 appointment to the unwearied and incessant perseverance of Governor Tompkin-. Havens has 
 been at the station but a year and has never seen a case of yellow fever in his lite. All that I 
 could do for him (and he has not a better friend in the world,) was to satisfy myself that Dr. 
 Westervelt and the Board of Health ^ould retain him in his present station. I cannot dismiss 
 Dr. Manley. His extraordinary capacity is universally admitted ; and his poverty, and misfor- 
 tune in ri'jjard to the new Medical College which he brought into existence but failed to get a 
 nlace in it, has e.xcited u sympathy for him with medical men in all parts of the State of unprc. 
 
 « THE C 
 
 eedented extent 
 yalth officer, ai 
 ^talif made ct 
 the last election 
 Butler feels i 
 I had promiiM 
 
 [No. 164.] 
 ynur letter for I 
 When the timt 
 ^r. C. [Coddir 
 1 expect soon n 
 
 Van Buren'a IV 
 
 Van Buren'i 
 
 Jacob Barke 
 
 [No. 165. 
 
 Dear Sir — li 
 
 or three weeks 
 
 1 shewed it to 
 
 under all circu 
 
 the Senate, an 
 
 OR RUIN HI 
 
 it became nec« 
 
 positive imprc 
 
 wrong if he bl 
 
 pointed, and 
 
 offices to two 
 
 a young man 
 
 has already b< 
 
 CONVENTl 
 
 tervelt after 
 
 BEEN NO^ 
 
 t A friend in : 
 t)ecii n gnicer, ' 
 in cihIi, with re 
 
 J If Van Bun 
 
 tornppenrs to I 
 
 from Poughke 
 
 Conpresi m !»■ 
 
 recommend it : 
 
 and r.ondemne 
 
 the Legislatiir 
 
 yoii deny thi' 
 
 huve uutlioris 
 
 Mr. Tnllnin 
 
 wlint he knev 
 
 exlrii session 
 
 to All'nny, lif 
 
 titicntiun hIII 
 
 a|ienly oimde 
 
 I at the c<iiir?e 
 
 after it. I Inn 
 
 were froely 
 
 liniiw Ihht II 
 
 Giiv. Marty 
 
 ens, optnlij 
 
 (!ovr. Mnr 
 coiidnrt Y 
 fur ciindiict 
 itnte to do. t 
 
 <j Mnrk w 
 preventing t 
 and, ns Hut 
 and person 
 18% , no ni 
 Ms appoint 
 tiun in 18-i^ 
 and to nnni 
 body's dirt; 
 
Ibutler. 
 
 •the OREAT salvation' OF MARCy THE DOCTOR V. BUREN i: CO. 
 
 207 
 
 ^posed. Of the 200 
 . or any part of that 
 |ipbell. 
 V. HAMILTON. 
 
 ^rk. 
 ihe Major [Noah,. 
 a hand which is not 
 nelody in 5-8 time, 
 for the whole Jacl^iJ 
 ■b was now goin»f over 
 Jackson candidutcs 
 Please cominuiii. 
 
 the U. S.] looks so 
 In person and appear- 
 f ours, G. C. V. 
 
 LnANv, Jan. 4, 18:2!) 
 essage. The earliesi 
 be as soon as you de- 
 •"ith equal freedom. I 
 
 great political vice, a 
 to my office, and /caiv 
 ) Mrs. H. and believe 
 M. V. BUREN. 
 
 lended by the elite ol 
 friends. / do not see 
 
 • Forinan, and give the 
 Chancellor Kent. 
 M. V. BUREN. 
 
 •ice~Westprvelt, If,,. 
 
 'ork. 
 
 ccounts of your affairs 
 B indispensable neces- 
 they gain something' 
 he nomination of At- 
 Her, was his conduct 
 onian in both houses 
 d. Mr. B. depended 
 Arnold, Alburtus, and 
 pon you not mention- 
 '. if you please, to see 
 tile to follow hta ad- 
 I see him that I have 
 le account, decidedly 
 Governor Tompkins, 
 red for this State. I 
 ibute to his memory. 
 
 Democrat from his 
 Officer, until he was 
 nowledge, owed his 
 ipkin-. Havens has 
 liis litL'. All that I 
 isfy myself that Dr. 
 II. I cannot dismiss 
 poverty, and misfor- 
 
 but failed to get a 
 ' the State of unprc. 
 
 eedfuted extent. Mr. Clinton was so sensible of if ihiit In.' unci! actually nominated liim for 
 health officer, and was upon the point of doing it again liie very week when lie died. Hia re- 
 rttoval if made could only be placed on political groundi, and an hi: was a zealous Jackson man at 
 the last election that could not have ber.n done wilhuut dantitr, 
 
 Builer feels less ihan any of his friends. Yours truly, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 I had promised not to interfere and did not. 
 
 TAe Time to strike fur Coddington. 
 
 [No. 164.] C. C. Cambreleng to J. Hoyt. — Washington, 7 Feb., 1829. Dear H. — I have 
 jrnur letter for the Major [Noah,] who has not yet arrived — when he does he shall have it. 
 When ihe time comes to atrike there is no man for whom I would do more than for our friend 
 Mr. C. [Coddington,] none deserves more than he does.f You are mistaken — Ohio is fori^se//. 
 I expect soon to hear the result of your balloiinys. Very truly youis, 
 
 C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 Van Buren'a Neutrality — Marey placed on the bench to sace him from ruin — A physician saves 
 Van Buren'a party, and is paid with an office! — nirhrr, how dangerous ! — Dr. M'Neven — 
 Jacob Barker. 
 
 [No. 165.] Governor Van Bunn to .TesHi- Hoyt, N. Y. Af-bany, Feb. 8, 1821) 
 
 Dear Sir — It is impossible to judge correctly without a view of the whole groimd. Some two 
 or three weeks before the meeting of the Legisliiture, Sudani by Iftter requested my neutrality. 
 I shewed it to Mr. Butler, and, with his approbation, replied, that I would consider it my duty, 
 under all circumstances, not to interfere. IJron.son's friends had the address to push Dudley into 
 the Senate, and MARCY WAS SO SITUATED THAT I MUST MAKE HIM A JUDGE 
 OR RUIN HIM.t These circumstances gave color to the clamour about Albany dictation, whieh 
 it became necessary to respect. No one was better satisfied th;m Mr. Butler of the impolicy and 
 positive impropriety of my interference, as matters stood. My friend Campbell is certainly 
 wrong if he blames me. He was as anxious to have Manley retained an to liiive Hitchcock ap. 
 pointed, and tli'- amount of his advice, therefore, was, that I should give the two most valuable 
 ofiices to two oi.i Federalists who never acted with us till last fall, and that to the exclusion of 
 a young man who, with all his connexions, have been Republicans in the worst of times — who 
 has already been sorely persecuted, and whose firmness SAVED US AT THE HERKIMER 
 CONVENTION — for, had it not been for the fearless and prompt stand taken liy Dr. Wes. 
 tervelt after the Jirst informal ballot, PITCHER WOULD UNDOUBTEDLY HAVE 
 BEEN NOMINATED.^ After all, it is very doubtful whether he g'-ts through the Senate. 
 
 t A friend in Sew York, who wns well informed on iniiiiy pointb. nt these times, lelU me that Coddington, whohnd 
 lieen n grocer, licside^ hcing roiicpriicd in speculutions with and fur ihe piirty lenders, hud advunced a heavy lum 
 in caKh, with rertnin promises, when, &c. 
 
 J If Vnn liiiren unved Murcy from ruin liy nmkinshimaSiiiireme Court .Iiiiijre, Marcy'ssuhservienretohlsbenefnc- 
 tor nppenrs to hiive been liuundlens. On the l.'itli of Oct. ISHSt. Mr. N. I'. Tiillnmdge nddresscd a letter to Gov. Marcy 
 from I'oughkeepsle, as follows — "Hir: I have stated on ditfcrcnt occasions, thai. prrvUms to \\\e e.\trn session of 
 Congresi in IH37, you advised ine, at my house, to oppose the SubTrensiirv Scliciiie, if Mr. Vnn Kuren should 
 recommend it; that nftrr the extra session, oft hoard of the steanihont, yo.i , ivpil of my course in opposing it, 
 snil condemned Mr. Van Riiren's in recommending it, and said that yon would not endorse it in your message to 
 the Legislature. Such opinions I al«o understand you freely c.xpres.'sed to otliers. I wish you to siiy, whether 
 yon deny the truth o( the ahovc stuleinciit, or whether, in the article in the .\lliaiiy Ari'iis of the I4th inst., you 
 have authorised or intended a denial of it. N. P. TALI.MADdE." 
 
 Mr. Tallnmdge also wrote to Levi Iliihhell, who had hecn adjutant -general, hy Marcy's ap|iiiiiitnient, to .state 
 what he knew lie replied fr.ini Ithaca. Oct. 19. "Dear Sir ♦ * * I wns in New York at the close of the 
 extra session in 18.17. and know that (Jov. Marcv was there, and retnrnod soon after. A lew days after his return 
 to Albany, he told me, at his house, that he had returned in the hoiit with you ; and he then expressed much gra- 
 titicntion nlthe course pursued by yourself and the Conservatives in Congress. He at the siime time, strongly and 
 ogienly cimdemiied the SiiliTreasiiry Scheme recommended liy .Mr. Van (luren. and expressed his dissatisfaction 
 at the course f the Wiishington (ilobe and the leading Loco Focos In this .State During the extra session and 
 after it. I had several conversations with (iov. Murcy, in all of which he expressed the same views. Ills opinions 
 were freely miidc known to any of his political friends who were near hliii. I was not then a state officer, but I 
 know that a ditl'erence of opinion existed between the stiite officers in reference to the Siib-Trensiirv Scheme, and 
 (job. Marey ilrclnreil to me that on tkr rcciptinn of the special mes.iaf;e he had. in presence ofsevrral of Ihe state (ijffi- 
 tet s^oprnl 11 expressed hi.^ (tisapjrrubation of the President's Ttcommtnilatitin. * ♦ * LKVI lll'HKEIiL." 
 
 (!ovr. Marcv made no reply ; of course ho admitted thai Mr. I'allmadffe hail triilv described his laniMiiige and 
 conduct Vet Marey ciime out strong in his ne.\t annual message the other way. and the .Argus alinscd Tiillinndge 
 for conduct which had privately received Mnrey's hich aiijiroval. \Vbat is it that such u clmract(!rus this will lies- 
 itiite to do, to secure power and inllnence under I'olk I 
 
 ^Mnrk well Van Hiiren's language. Fie tells his creature, Moyt. that Westcrvelt's "firmness P.AVFP CS" hy 
 preventing t lie noniiimtion of Pitcher as lieiit. governor. Pitchei ivns a Inicktail bad been a niember of Congress, 
 and, as Rutler i-Uewliere writes, was a rigidly Aoiicst man. It was his high chariicter. great kindness of dispnsiti n, 
 Ktrd personal populnritv that bad achieved .success in IH20. and given to the party the exciiitive patronage of 
 1828, no man accused him of political sin ; his measures while acting as governor, bad pleased all classes; "and 
 his appointments (snys Hammond) had been such as would have donclionnr to any e.vecntive." Even tbeConven 
 tlon hi 18^8, whii'h obeyed Van Buren's nod to set this able, well tried, nnd pntriolic statesman nni\ farmer aside, 
 und to name Laayer Throop, because he was an anti-mason, nnd ready, (like .lohii Van Biircn since,) "to donnv 
 body's dirty work,*' una^imouslii voted hlni (Pitcher,'^ the thunks of the democracy of the state, for the intogrjty 
 
 .:'.i-h 
 
 ■■i'i^} 
 
1 ?>■-»■.•' 
 
 
 (i ^ 
 
 
 ■'::-y^ 
 
 >k-*i 
 
 20B 
 
 V. BUKF.N RKFOn.M — GULL THE MANV ; TlIK tl'OlLS TO THE FEW. 
 
 Mr. Schcnck U co-operiiing with the opposition in the Senate, and all the old enemies of 
 Toinpkma, ti) jj:i't iiim njicie I. AI)out one-third of the Senate are absent, and the probabihty 
 is that he will liiil. II' so, I ali ill not nominate Havens. I have been very friendly to him, and 
 have done nil tliii wis n oo-siry lo secure him (with good conduct on his part) in his present 
 place, niid i e in nevi-r kii I niy.iell to promote the views of those who coalesce with our enemies 
 10 sucriHce Repu'ili'iins, who stay at home, and trust to their friends that they may get their 
 places. / alviuld nut /tuiic given Man/ey the office originalbj if I could have found a competent 
 Republican to take it. But being coiripetent and poor 1 could not think in proper to ra- 
 move one Clintoniiin .lueksim man to put in another. J)r. JMcNeven was his only competitor. 
 Tarjjee has had as little to do with the matter as you have, and less than Mr. Bloodgoiid, or 
 about as tnuch. I ro^rrct the state of uffjirs with you. It will work itself clear in the snd. 
 The general remeiiy is an alteration of the time of your charter elections. 
 
 Believe me to be, very sincerely your friend, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 Barker yesterdnv pre-ientod his formal complaint against the Recorder. He behaved wi?li 
 great propne.y ; you must say nothing of my views in regard to Havens. 
 
 Postmaxter Coddington electioneering for the office Noah got. 
 [No. IGC ] .lonaihan I. Coddington to J. Hoyt. 
 
 New YoiiK, Feb. l.l'h, ]S2\). — D. ar Hoyt : 1 have seen Al. Coe, he has signed in your favor, 
 making live ; and he infurm.s me there is no doubt of your getting the eight that voted for you 
 in cam us —and in addition I have no doubt you will get Lee, which is all that is required. 
 You no diii'it iciiii'ml)er wlmt I tulil you three weeks before the election f.f Mayor, That 
 Bowne nvi.il and should he the Mnjoy — that I setdoin failed in what I undertook in earnest 
 (partioulurl/ for other people — hov\- it will be with my.self I know not) in the way of politics. 
 The res lit will be this in the end. You'll be District Attorney and Sherman clerk. Noah's 
 having aoue to VV.ishington, several of those who voted for him in caucus have left him, under 
 the impr* ssioii ho will get somethimr there. His claims are certainly far ^.'renter than Sherman's 
 and 1 have not the least doubt he wnuld have succeeded but for this impte^wion. You may rest 
 assured I shall leave nothing undone that can be done I'airly and honorably to promote your in- 
 terest. (Jeneral Diifl'Green was elected Printer to the House on Tcuaday by a majority of two 
 votes, and (fOneral Jackson was in the neighborhood and expected in Washington on Wednes. 
 day. I o')s»"rve that our friend Silas IVright, Jr. Esq., has reached Albany. I want you to 
 go with CurgiU and .Arnold to the Chancellor, to Judt^e Murcy, the Comptroller, and Secretary 
 of State, ll they do not like to sign my naked application, you'll please draw up a joint letter 
 for them to .i^gn in my favor, addressed to our two Senators in Congress, stating they are per- 
 aonaily acquainted xoith me, and recommending me ag a suitable person to Jill the office of Sur. 
 veyar and Inspector of the Port of New York. This I want you to attend to without delay, as 
 they may gt»t committed. Recollect that T. L. Smith (the Calhoun man,) is a candidate — don't 
 let him or his friends know that I am an applicant until after we get all the signers we can. If 
 any thing of interest occurs I will write you again. Yours truly, J. I. CODDlNfJTON 
 
 Sunday Morning at St. Tammany — New York Politics. 
 [No. 167.] Postmaster Coddington, to Jesse Hoyt, at Albany. 
 
 SUNDAY morning. New York, Feb. K). 1829.— Dear Hoyt: We had a full meeting THIS 
 mornir.g at Head Quarters — Alderman C. of the first was there — also Judge O. (I mean his 
 broiher Jes,se,) Capt. Coffin, &,c. &c. We had under consideration the Major's letter from 
 Washingicm, whieh you'll see in this morning's Enquirer — also your nomination for District At. 
 torney. Alderman Cebra declines signing any paper, but says they know where to find him, 
 anil is willing to go into a ballot immediately, and would vote for you. Colonel Robert Arnold 
 of New Jersey dined with me to-day. He is just arrived from Washington, and informs mt* 
 that there is no doubt of our friend Governor Van Buren's being Secretary of State. I hav« 
 availed myself to write thus much in time to send you through my neighbour Gideon Tuckwr, 
 who leaves here this morning, for Albany, Very respectfully, &.c. J. I. CODDINGTON. 
 
 nnd iiliility lie Imd (li.spliiycd u.s licut. froveriior : und when they had npgiitivcd fiencrnl Root's resolution to con- 
 tinue in dIUco the iiiiin who hud thus given iiniversiil siitisfuctioii, they voted for Knos T.Throop ns his successor 1 1 
 Is it not evident ihiit Tlirooi) wiis setTclly selected hy Vnn UuriMi nnd the regency ns n convenient instrument for 
 re;uluting future stiite elections througli a chain of hnnks, controlled hy county jonto-i of i;reedy politicians his 
 ereatiircd, no thiil no one would he nppninted to oHice hut the rral nominees of the Van Ruren, Butler. Hoyt. 
 Wriuht nnd Htephen .\llen cahnn Col. Pitcher never forjot the trencliery nnd in}:rntitude thus ninnifested by 
 Van lluren, whose steiidy nnd conscientious supporter he hnd hitherto hecii. The Morsiin e.vcitemeut wan ftinnod 
 by Vnn Buren, who wiis nt the hottoni of Houthwick's numinatiun. Served us his decoy, to draw oiT from 
 Thompsun those western uiiti-miijoiiic voters who would not support him (V. B.) He (V. B.) had Throop placed 
 on fait ticket to cutch fur himself und his re;;eiicy ns niuny unti-masoiiic votes as pnssihie. 
 
 [No. 168 
 New Yori 
 and am pleasi 
 the improprii 
 from Town o 
 and also in o 
 niemb«r signi 
 but if I reco 
 much with tfi 
 shall be perfe 
 Before the rn 
 boldly that hi 
 called to-day 
 me that the F 
 lent snow stc 
 sign, and I th 
 that our frien 
 
 two Senators 
 eral) tells me 
 about, tho'i p 
 1 have one ni 
 Albany for V 
 [No. 161 
 6dential lettei 
 bids Hoyt tal 
 of Saturday, 
 leave Albany 
 " P. S. 1 e 
 General Jack 
 
 [No. 17 
 Departme 
 ceived your '. 
 ner— " Whil 
 casion of gr 
 pers,') was 
 turn a tingei 
 FOR THE 
 W 
 
 [No. i-; 
 
 have receiv< 
 of the Treai 
 the several 
 in action th 
 short letters 
 
 SkaUI"g( 
 
 [No. 
 Washing 
 mg letter > 
 NOD- 
 
 purpose of 
 or mercy, 
 WHET 
 BI,E FOR 
 not yet so 
 •tandsai 
 vO. 
 
"f, 
 
 E FEW. 
 
 JACK80N TIMES — THE flENERAl- SCRAJTELE FOll PLUNDER. 
 
 209 
 
 he old enemies of 
 and the probabihty 
 rieiidly to him. and 
 part) in hi» present 
 ce witli uur enemiei 
 they may get their 
 c found a competent 
 Ilk ill proper to Ti- 
 kis only competitor. 
 Mr. Bloudgodd, or 
 iU" clenr in the and. 
 
 M. V. BUREN. 
 He behaved wi^h 
 
 gut. 
 
 signed in your favor, 
 
 i.t that voted for you 
 
 all that ia required. 
 
 ion (,( Mayor, That 
 
 undertook in earnest 
 
 the way of politic). 
 
 Irman clerk. Noah's 
 
 have left him, under 
 
 enter than Sherman's 
 
 jision. You may rest 
 
 ' to promote your in- 
 
 by n majority of two 
 
 shington on Wednes. 
 
 lany. I want you to 
 
 (roller, and Secretary 
 
 draw up a joint letter 
 
 stating thry are per- 
 
 J fill the office of Sur. 
 
 d to without delay, as 
 
 is a candidate — <lon't 
 
 e signr^rs we can. If 
 
 CODDINfJTON 
 
 'Y- 
 
 a full meeting THIS 
 udge O. (I mean his 
 le Major's letter from 
 lation for District At- 
 V where to find hiui, 
 olonel Robert Arnold 
 ton, and informs m« 
 ry of State. I hava 
 )our Gideon Tuck«r, 
 CODDINGTON. 
 
 Root's resolution to roii- 
 riiroop ns Ills successor! I 
 onrenlent iiistruinnnt for 
 of (jreedy |iolitlciaii» lii^ 
 an Ruren, Butler. Hoyt. 
 itiide thus mnnifesteil by 
 n excJteineut won ftinnoii 
 decoy, to drnw off from 
 f. It.) had Tliroop placed 
 
 ' An Old Hunker of Tammany, electioneering for a fat Office. 
 
 [No. 168 ] Jonathan I. Coddington, to Jesse Hoyt, at Albany. 
 
 New York, Feb 20th, 182!). — Dear Sir: I am in receipt of your favors of the 16th and 18th, 
 and am pleasf-d to learn thai Mr. T. L. Smith is not an oppliciint — but n ally i don't understand 
 the impropriety of getting the support of our Republican Friend'^ in the Legislature, whether 
 from Town or Cuuntry. It is not ii new thing. I have known it to be done both in this State, 
 and also in other States, by persons afiplying for offices under the General Government. 1 re- 
 member signing for the friends of teveral of the Country Members the winter 1 was at Albany, 
 but if 1 recollect right I told you my object in getting the Country Meniiieis was not lo 
 much with the view of strengthening mens it was to prevent others from getting them. I 
 shall be perfectly satisfied with any course you and my other friends may think proper to adopt. 
 Before the receipt of your last letter I saw Al. C. of the 1st on Change yesterday. He asserted 
 boldly that he would support you for District Attorney. He cannot nor dare not back out. I 
 called to.day at Coe's to know if any more had signed, but he had not the paper, and informed 
 me that the Recorder had it — and I intend to see it lo-iiiorrow, (would to.day, but for the vio- 
 lent snow storm — at least 12 inches has fallen since morning,) and endeavor to get the S) to 
 sign, and I think there is no doubt of getting that number. I ob.«ervo you wish it kept a secret, 
 that our friend the Governor is going to Washington. Why even our opponents know it here. 
 As 1 have got Allen and Bogardus, would it not be well enough to get our other 
 two Senators from this district? — This I leave entirely to you to do or not to do. Muir (Gen- 
 eral) tells me that Arnold told him that he had got the Chancellor on, but as you say nothing 
 about, tho't perhaps he was mistaken. If he has not signed should like you to get him. 
 1 have one more favor to ask you — let me know the day that Mr. Van Buren wil. probably leave 
 Albany for Wasliington. Your friend, J. I. CODDINGTON. 
 
 [No. 169.] In a long letter of Feb. 23d, 182D, J. I. Coddington says he has had a con- 
 Odential letter from Wushiiigion, announcing who the members of the Jackson Cabinet were, 
 bids Hoyt take the list to Gov. V. B. — then winds up — " 1 have to renew my request in mine 
 of Saturday, which is, that you'll ascertain as near as you can what time Mr. Van Buren will 
 leave Albany." 
 
 " P. S. 1 open this to say that my Washington letter says that the general opinion was that 
 General Jackson meant to take [care] of his friends. J. I. C." 
 
 James A. Hamilton declaiea himself a good and true Spoilsman. 
 [No. 170.] James A. Hamilton, Acting Sec. of State, to Jesse Hoyt, at New York. 
 Department of State, [Washington,] March 10, 1H29. Dear Sir : I have with pleasure re- 
 ceived your letter. As to Mr. Diier, I will say to yon, as I said to his brother-in-law Mr. Bun- 
 ner — " While I am not called upon to make an elFort to displace Duer, his conduct on an oc. 
 casion of great feeling and delicacy, (the controversy with Mr. Kinc about the 'Hamilton Pa- 
 pers,') was not such as to occasion regret to me if he should loose his office, or to induce me to 
 turn a finger to retain him.' / agref with you entirely in the propriety of making changes 
 FOR THE REASON YOU SUGGEST. 
 
 With very great regard, your friend and servant, JAMES A. HAMILTON. 
 
 An Application for Office — very briefly answered. 
 
 [No. 171.] Mr. Src. Ingham to Jesse Hoyt.— Washington, 11 March, '29.— Dear Sir: I 
 have received yours. The District Attorneys have usually been recommended by the Secretary 
 of the Treasury — but often the applications have been made directly to the President. As to 
 the several particulars noticed in your favor, I can only say that it becomes us to speak rather 
 in action than by words, lest the latter may be misunderstood — the former cannot be. Excuse 
 short letters — necessity compels me to be very brief. Yours sincerely, S. D. INGHAM. 
 
 Shail I" get anything in the general scramble for plunder ?"—" Push like a DeviV* — out with 
 
 the Adams men .' 
 [No. 172.] Samuel Swartwout's advice to hia successor, J. Hoyt 
 
 Washington, 14 March, 1829. My Dear Jessika : Your vry beautiful and intire interest, 
 ing letter of the 8h was received in due course of law. / hold to ynur doctrine fully, that 
 
 NO D D RASCAL WHO MADE USE OF HIS OFFICE OR ITS PROFITS for the 
 
 purpose of keeping Mr. Adams in, and Gen. Jackson out of power, is entitled to the least Unity 
 or mercy, save that of hanging. So we think both alike or thr.f head. 
 
 WHETHER OR NOT, I SHALL GET ANY THING IN THE GENERAL SCRAM- 
 BI.E FOR PLUNDER, remains to be proven ; but I -ather guess I shall. What it will be is 
 not yet so certain ; perhaps Keeper of the Bergen light house. I rather think Massa Pomp 
 itandBa smart chance of going somewhere, perl^ije to the place you have named, or te tiU Dt- 
 
 
 ■■ i! 
 
 
 
(■• 
 
 «'■■ ■ '•''■ 
 
 in •: 
 
 .' ";• 
 
 
 ,i 
 
 SIO 
 
 SPAVINED AND 11IN»-B«NED— A QTTEER TRIO — W. A. DDEK. 
 
 Your man, if you wnnt a place, is Col. Hamilton. He being now the second officnr in tha 
 Govemnienl of 'he Union, and in all probability, our next President. Moke your suit to hini, 
 then, and you will get what you want. I know Mr. Ingham slightly, and would recomntend 
 you to PUSH LIKK A DfciViL, if you expect any thing Iroin thiii nuiirter. lean do you no 
 good in any quarter of the world, having mighty liiile intluence beyond Hoboken. The great 
 goers are the new men ; the old troopers being all spavined and ringb-med from previoui 
 hard travel. I've got the hots, the fet-lock, hip.joint, gravel, halt and founders ; and 1 aature 
 you if I can only keep my own legga. I shall do well ; but I'm darned if I can carry any weight 
 with me. When I left home, I thought my nag sound and strong, but the beast is rather bro. 
 ken down here. I'll tell you more about it when I see you in New York. 
 
 In seriousness, my dear sir, your support must come from Mr. Van Buuren and Mr. Col. Ham. 
 ilton ; I could not help you any more than your clerk ; if I had the ability, rest assured 1 would do 
 it without prompting. Tell Robert Sands that I am offended with him ; he promised to write 
 to me and Mr. H. on business, and he has not done it. My best respects to him. I shall be 
 home in two or three days. Till when, do all vim can lo iiiiprovi- your foriuiiew, and believe 
 Bincerely Yours, S?AM. SVVARTWOUT. 
 
 [No. 173.] Senator Dudley to .T. Hoyt. 
 
 Wasiiinoto.n City, March 14, 1629. My Dear Sir : I have been favored with your esteemed 
 letter, dated the 9th inst. In reply to your question, I will state, that from no other person ex- 
 cepting yourself have I received any communication touching the office of District Attorney, 
 Mr. Sanford tells me he has also received a letter from you, and that the office in question, the 
 bestownient of it, is with the Department of State ; Mr. Van Buren will, of course, have niucli 
 to say in it, and to whom you observe that you have written. There -.rill not beaiiii removalu 
 from office before the Semite udjoiirna, at least from offices in your city, aa I am inf()rmed. It 
 was expected that we should adjourn this day sine die; but we meet again on Monday, when 
 there will, I have no doubt, be an absolute adjournment. Thn appointments are all announced 
 in the papers— the few nominations left to act on are of a military nature — Brevets. &c. With 
 great respect, I am, dear Sir, your faithful and obed't serv't, CHAS. K. DUDLEY. 
 
 £utler thinks Hoyt may turn Van Bnrcn asninst office-seekers he cannot depend on. We baiel. 
 
 ed for Jackson when we meant the Spoils ! 
 
 [No. 174.] Lorenzo Hoyt to his brother Jes.«e. At, n.vsv, March 17,1829. My Dear 
 Brother* I have received your letters of late — those on the subject of District Attorney amnw]!^ 
 the rest, and I have seen and read the one to Mrs. Ihitler. It suem?i to me to have been labor 
 lost, for at the last conversation I hud with her about tho NVnshinijfoii expedition, she seemed ns 
 firm in her opposition as ever. What they will ultimately conclude about it, I don't know ; they 
 will probably come to no determination at pre.aent. I also saw your letter to Mr. Butler. Hi^ 
 opinions and feelings had undergone a great chani^e about the District Attorney matter sinm- 
 he saw you. I met him in at .Mr. V. Buren's Saturday afternoon, and tho conversation be- 
 tween us three, .ho were alone, accideiitly turned upon that subjfci ; and Mr. Butler then ob- 
 served, that he began to think quite differently about it ; and he now snys, what I could not but 
 think he would say, that he can do nothing for Diur. He thinks your last letter places ihi' 
 subject on a strong ground; ami that sueh arguments, addressed to Mr. Van Hiiren, would hi 
 very apt to kindle it proper feeling of resentment AG.\IN6T A SluT OF .MI^^N WHO HAV'K 
 NOT IT IN THK.M TO BE HONKST AND TIIUIO TO III.M. Mr. Van Buren observed, 
 on the occasion that I have mentioned, that he had a letter from you that morning, and that yoii 
 had set about the matter with a very determined .spirit. I I'urther understood him to say, ilw. 
 he should not interfere, especially to save Duer. Before much had boen said on the subject we 
 were interrupted by persons coming in. I am a good denl surprised that Mr. Van Buren can 
 be neutral in this, and that he wiU not lend the utmost weight of his influence to displace from 
 ofice such men as John Duer. He ought to be satisfied by this time, that that class of men can 
 never be his real or pretended friends, any further than is necessary to promote their own inter- 
 est ; but strange as it may seem, I do believe that his fear of the effect of such a measure, is 
 the only motive that wouldprevent his conferring on W. A. Duer, any office within his ditposal,' 
 You will probably see him when in New Yurk,an<] you ought then to present your views ro 
 him in the plainest manner. If we have been struggling for the success of Jackson and the ac- 
 
 * William A. Uuer, recently President of Colunibln College, N. Y., fs a pranrtson of Lord Stirling, one of tha 
 most eminent of the Amcrieun ueneraU during the wur of the revolution. His fiither. Colonel William Duer, mar- 
 ried Lady Catherine, • Lord ti's daujiht^r, and wus a member of the (Congress of 1778. luid ii signer of the first feder- 
 al constitution. William married the Flon. W. Denning's youngest daughter, at Beverley in Hutchess county, in 
 Sept. ISIMi; was a federalist, and one of the leaders in the great nnti- war meeting in that county, Oct. 7, 1812, at 
 which I'hilo Kiig^'les, Williuiii Bard, William .A. Duer, and Thomas J. Onkley were elected as delegates ' from the 
 friend.i of Peace' to a general onti war convention, and Madison's administration censured for rashness and ptecini 
 tanc^. Towards the close of the contest, however, he roused the people to take part in thestrnggle — and in ISZJ, 
 wo had him nominated liy the .Albany Regency, through Van Rnren's influence and exertions, us u buekttiil jndge 
 for the Hrd circuit and accepted by an ultrademncrutic legislature, in opposition to Ambrose L. Jordan of Hudson, 
 who had always been an active member of the republican party, und was n firm supporter of the war. Mr. Van 
 BttfWr M Hoyt juAly etatm, wanted to elevate men who wtiiild tie true to lujn. John Diwr, to whom the iloyts M lo 
 
 t^iritwn of 
 
 know how lo 
 thus far, I at 
 
 Mr. Van I 
 
 derkook or I 
 
 [No. 17 
 
 Dear Sir : I 
 
 Hotel. Yoi 
 
 It would f. 
 way. On ft 
 Bteam boat r 
 other favor u 
 
 Jeiae puahea 
 the Spoils 
 Duer — boi 
 
 [No. i: 
 
 Saturday, 
 
 ing this even 
 
 and I prcsuii 
 
 has called e 
 
 to-day, but I 
 
 Bryan Farn 
 
 Mr. Prime, 
 
 sober, honet 
 
 man who w 
 
 that failing 
 
 servant. Hi 
 
 concerns, an 
 
 (and as the ' 
 
 Richie said i 
 
 ral Jackson. 
 
 your confide 
 
 1 cannot reii 
 
 toardness.' 
 
 not conside 
 
 niencemen 
 
 in power 
 
 this doctri 
 
 This is not 
 
 of the peop 
 
 timents of 
 
 aids and ab 
 
 all persona 
 
 politicians 
 
 than Tho 
 
 tain Mr. ' 
 
 will be ren 
 
 son and yo 
 
 power who 
 
 back a reb 
 
 with impu 
 
 we sancti 
 
 the expen 
 
 which we 
 
 recollectio 
 
 be handec 
 
 th 
 
 strong an 
 Clinton — an 
 tinn, but w( 
 Tattle died 
 generally vi 
 about them 
 pointed, by 
 Iniled, hew 
 wuaetiul 
 
uru. 
 
 econd oflicnr in th« 
 c your buit 10 him, 
 
 would recommend 
 I can do you no 
 
 bokeii. The great 
 ned from previouj 
 dcra ; and 1 assure 
 an carry any weight 
 beast is rather bro. 
 
 and Mr. Col. Ham. 
 
 assured I would do 
 
 le promised to write 
 
 to him. I shall be 
 
 oriuiies, and believe 
 
 WARTWOUT. 
 
 with your esteemed 
 
 no other person ex- 
 District Attorney, 
 
 Hire in question, thi? 
 )f course, have mucli 
 
 not be anif removah 
 ( I uni informed, it 
 in on Monday, when 
 Its are all announced 
 -Hrevefa, &c. With 
 AS. 10. DUDLEY. 
 
 rj)pn<l fill. We bawl. 
 
 17, 18'J!), My Dear 
 
 >rirl Attorney amoni; 
 ie to have been labor 
 pdiiion, she seemed n-i 
 it, I don't know ; they 
 r to Mr. Butler. Hi^ 
 ittorney matter since 
 
 tho conversation be- 
 I Mr. Butler then ob- 
 , what I could not but 
 
 last letter places ihi' 
 Van Baren, would hi 
 
 MKN WHO HAVi; 
 
 Van Buren observed. 
 Homing, and that yoii 
 <food him to say, thai 
 said on the subject we 
 It Mr. Van Buren can 
 ence tu displace from 
 
 that class of men can 
 imote their own inter- 
 >f sur.h a measure, is 
 s xnithin his diapotal.* 
 present your views to 
 f Jackson and the ac. 
 
 Lord Stirling, one ot" th« 
 olonel VVillinnn Duer, mar- 
 i a signer of the first feder- 
 ley in Dutchess county, in 
 i:it county, Oct. 7, 1812, at 
 ■ted as delegates ' from the 
 d for riishne!>8 and precipi- 
 
 the 9trnggle— and in 182.1, 
 rtions. us a bucktiiil jndge 
 rose L. Jordun of Hudson, 
 ter of the war. Mr. Van 
 , to whom Uie Uoytt M w 
 
 Tni! HTmCRY OFTICB mTIfTBR — THB fOLITICAL WOLF. 
 
 211 
 
 ^uintUm of political power, for the benefit of our opponents, I winh to know it, no that I may 
 know how toad hcreajtcr. Fnun the maimer in which the President has exercised his power 
 thus far, I am inclined to think that he will go " the whole Mot;." 
 
 Mr. Van Buren left this morning about 1 1 o'(^lock. Mr. Butler went with liim as far as Kin- 
 derkook or Hudson. Write mu. Yours atlectionately, L. H. 
 
 [No. 175.] M. Van Buren to J. Hoyt. [Post murk, Albtny.]— March 17, 1820.— My 
 Dear Sir: I will bo in New York on Friday, and wish you to take lodgings for me at the City 
 Hotel. Yours, M. V. B. 
 
 It would seem that no Regency Governor could visit New York, until Jtsae hc;d prepared the 
 way. On May 9th he had lyjoiher epistle from another Governor — " Dear Sir, I shall take the 
 steam boat next Tuesday morning, and reach New York in the evening. You will confer an- 
 other favor upon me, if you will mention it t.j Mr. Jennings, that he may provide rooms for me. 
 
 E. T. THROOP." j 
 
 Jesse pushes ' like a devil ' — Hires, for Van Buren, a cross grained valet — To the Victors ' belong 
 the Spoils' — ' We the people ' — ' the blood of the martyrs ' — the P. M.'s Bet — put out John 
 Duer — bold measures — Rudolph Banner is faithless to us ! '" 
 
 [No. 176.] Jesse Hoyt to Martin Van Buren, Sec. of State, Washington. 
 
 Saturday, 11 o'clock, A. M., March 21, 1829. Dear Sir: lam under the necessity of leav- 
 ing this evening so as to be in Albany .Monday morning at the opening of the Court of Chancery, 
 and 1 presume 1 shall not be able to see you. Tlie man wlijiri I had spoken to as your valet, 
 has called every day this week to see when you was to be in town, but 1 have not seen him 
 to-day, but i have left word at myolTice if he calls to send him to the City Ilottl. His name is 
 Bryan Farrell. He has good recommendations from Mr. W. B. Astor. He has lived with 
 Mr. Prime, from whom I have learned more particularly his character. He is very capable, 
 sober, honest — his only fault is his bad temper, for which Mr. Prime discharged him — but a 
 man who would not suit Mr. Prim*' in this particular, would never have occasion to exhibit 
 that tailing to you, but of thi.>< you are to judge. Asa general rule it is an objection to a 
 servant. He is married, but woulc' leave his family here. This i.s all I have to say on domestic 
 concerns, and what else I have to say is not upon subjects of less importance, but which yon may 
 (and as the world goes, perhaps justly,; consider as partaking a little of selfislinpss — but as Mr. 
 Richie said the other day in a letter to Mr. Noah, " Mr. Van Beuren must tell the truth to Gene, 
 ral Jackson." So I ought to tell the truth to you, and I will do so, at the hazard of forfeiting 
 your confidence and good opinion ; for, if 1 have it now I am under serious apprehensions that 
 1 cannot retain it long without abandoning all political honesty, consistency, and " straight for. 
 vjardness." I take it for granted that all who do not support the present administration you will 
 not consider your friends ; and of course will lo.sc your confidence. I have said from the com- 
 mencement of the contest that I would not support any administratiim who would support men 
 in power that hud contributed to overthrow the democratic puny in this State. 1 have preached 
 this doctrine too long, and it has taken too a footing here, to be easily got rid of. 
 
 This is not only the doctrine in theory, but we require it to be reduced to practice by the servants 
 of the people to whom we have temporarily delegated the trust. I speak now the universal sen- 
 timents of the democracy of this city, and you may rely upon it no man can be sustained who 
 aids and abets in the disappointment of the just expectations of the people on this subject — and 
 all personal considerations and private friendships must yield to political justice. The leading 
 politicians of this city (Mr. Targee and Mr. Bowne excepted) require the removal of Mr. Jona- 
 than Thompson ; and Mr. Bnwne will put in jeopardy his own situation by attempting to sus- 
 tain Mr. Thompson. Mr. Peter Stagg and the appraiser every body seems to lake it for granted 
 will be removed. We have in this Stale fought off the infamous charges against General Jack- 
 son and yourself and gave the lie to the authors and publishers of them. To continue those in 
 power who contributed to sustaining those charges would but admit the truth of ihem, and throw 
 back a rebuke upon us for contradicting them. This rebuke is unjust and we will not receive it 
 with impunity from an administration which WE THE PEOPLE have created. Nor can 
 we saiiction the doctrine of the administration, or any of its members, buying up its enemies at 
 the expense of its friends. " The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church," and that blood 
 which we nobly shed in 1H24 in defending cur principles and our party, is still curdled by the 
 recollection of OUR SUFFERINGS in that memorable fight, and we will not now permit it to 
 be handed over to the mercy or magnanimity of those who were the cause of its being shed, but we 
 
 strong an aversion, is W. A'h brother— came round to the buektaiU after the war — helped Vun Gnren to injure 
 Clinton — and set up early in 1831 as a burktnil candidate for Congress from Orunge county, received the nomina- 
 tion, but was defeated by a Capt. Selnh Tiittle of a North tiver sloop, in whom Van Buren had more confidence. 
 Tattle died that full, and Duer was ugain defeated, by C. Borland. Duer was in the state convention IKl, and 
 generally voted with Vt.n Buren. He is a financier; wrote upon credit and currency in London, and has lectured 
 about them in New York ; he is also a l.iwyer, and was one of the revisers of the state laws. John Duer was ap- 
 pointed, by Adams and Clay. U. S. Attorney, N. Y , in Feb. 1828. When the Baltimore Lite and Trust Companv 
 ntiled, he was its president, and owed it $200,000, or moie, secured on a pledge of it6 stuck held by him. Ittitook 
 wu Mtoally ran up to 90 per cent pietuium : 
 
 
did 
 
 THE FAIASITK's UEWAllD^FIRST MINISTKt OF JVtTKt. 
 
 
 
 
 
 r. ■ ■ 
 
 ■ ■.:'■- 
 
 i- 
 
 
 ^'•< >■ 
 
 ,• 
 
 I.- 
 
 ■v,»- ' 
 
 .1 .., 
 
 
 
 .-* 
 
 I vv : 
 
 
 ^;- 
 
 V 
 
 
 • *f 
 
 
 
 H^ ' - 
 
 
 1- -' 
 
 ] 1 
 
 . ■ • 
 
 uk (hat retributive juitliee nhnll he dealt out to those who from that time to thii hare net thentked 
 thtir awordnor ccniedin their rjfortt to prnstrnte us. la ciillnii; upon uiir fiibiidHin ;iri in ilii»mat> 
 t(T, we ahull as we always have done, repudiate the doctrine o( neiiirnlity. We tthall exp«ot 
 every man to take sides one way or the other, either for or against removals. The old niaxitn 
 of "those not for uh itre agiiinsi uft," you have ad often rtcogni/ed that its authority cannot be 
 denied. I liuve one word to say upon a particular cn.-e aliout which I ntn particularly exiited 
 for various reasons — it is the case of Mr. Diicr. He was appoint) d hy Mr Charles King, and 
 his removal or retention in probably lift with you. at UnM so snys Mr. Sanford uiid Mr. Dudley, 
 If I read the letter of the latier correctly. Mr. Bunner, I presume, has made his bargaia with 
 tomr Southern Interest for his retention. I judije so from vnriona circumstances, one of which is 
 that Mr. Samuel L. Guuverneur offered a bet of ^100 day before i/eflrrday that hr would not be re- 
 moved. He his his advices daily from Mr. Calhoun or s.nne of his Iriends, I h tve not the slightest 
 doubt. The conversation I had with you at Albany satisjicd me that you would retain Mr Duer, 
 if you could Jind a satisfact'iry apolagy. ^iiice whicii I li ivo heunl from Mr. Ducr'n friends that 
 you would MuiiiPiirt him, anJ from yours I'lnt yi'U would ri'inuiii iii'iitrnl. When I lefi Albany I wa« 
 not a candidate, ami I Ivcnmi' ho, as I wroie Mr lnyiiiim, by the iidvici of my pdiiiciil tricnds, 
 who could insist upon Mr. i).'s removal. I told Mr. Rowne that I would not tako the office of 
 District Attorney for this city if I could get it, till Mr. Duir was removed, niul now repent that 
 I will hold no office from any political party that will keep Mr. Dui'r in his present station. The 
 very idea that you would hy thought or deed contribute to such n nsult has<jiven me more awful 
 feelings thun I experienced when I held n conversation with you in your room over Crittenden's 
 dining room, in the evening of the day of the choice of the Klector-f in IH'J.l, when our very senses 
 were stunned by the shouts of Mr. Duer and his friends over their chnnipaiizne in the room below. 
 What you told me in that conversation I well recollect, and I thoiiL'ht you wcrescriou* and would 
 not under any circumstances, forget them for at least six years, thr ordinary stutiite limitation for 
 parol promisea : but if the statute had attached the promises and the consideration have been re. 
 ceived by Mr. Duer's connection with Judge Thompson, Anti-Masonry, nnd (Jod knows what, 
 last fall ; nnd, if 1 recollect right, Mr. D. was to hu one of the body jriiiirci to give yon an escort 
 to Kinderhook the Friday after the last November election. I do not remind you of these things 
 to excite your prejudices, but na evidence of overt acts against llie democrney of the State. To 
 retain Mr. Duer would be to disappoint friends nml enemies, for it is considered by all upon gene- 
 ral principles thnt he is to be removed, and if he is retained you tret no credit for it even from 
 them. They will attribute it to your fears, nnd your party friends will charge yon with bargain- 
 ing to buy up your enemies nt the expense of the party who have labored to sustain you. There 
 is a charm attending bold measures extremely fascinating — it has 'riven to (Jeneral Jackson nil 
 his glory, nnd it will give to Mr. Clay hereafter power and strength, and the s|)"'-i h \w mude at 
 the Washington dinner is admired for its impudence, lindrprndrnrf '■'] nnd the manly spirit it 
 breathes. In regard to the npplicants for Mr. Duer's pince, I have nothins; to say further than 
 that it 18 not just to import n man from the country — l>v this I mean .Vc. Unnner, who is not at 
 heattwith us, ns you plainly discovered on your vi.-^it two yenrs n^-o to C)sweso — liesides many 
 other objections that could be raised, it would amount to a le-nppointment of Mr. Duer. I have 
 done nothing since I wrote to yon, in regard to myself Many p.i»ple have oflrred to interfere 
 in my behalf but 1 have delayed taking any measures till I had seen yon. My first nnd principal 
 object is the removal of Mr. D., and when thnt is done 1 am willint: to leave my claims to the 
 justice and not to the policy of the appointing power. If Mr. D. is not removed by the time F re- 
 turn from Albany, I shall visit Washington, to hnnd, in person, t '-very nieniher of the Cabinet 
 " The Life and adventures of John Duer'' — for as long as God spnr^ a my lite I shall not spare my 
 exertions to get him out of office as well as all thos»e who have b' frayed their friends, their party, 
 and their principles. In doing this, however, I will not as he nnd his frii'uds ha>^e dime, violate 
 the sanctify of private friendship and private confidence, but the menns I shall resort to will be 
 free from concealment, but shnll be open and manly, nnd upon the same principles thnt hns actuafd 
 me in opposing him during the late contest. I shall therefore, if driven to ffo to Washington to 
 prefer my complaints shall go, not ns a candidate myself, for I should not then be listened to with 
 as much consideration ns I otherwise should, hecau.se men in p.iwer are not prone to look upon 
 office seekers in so favorable a light. I have written this in the hurry of departure, and subject 
 to the interruptions of olfice business. I have not time to read it over nnd prune it of any doubt- 
 ful expressions, if any such there be. I therefore send if, subject to nny explanations that may bo 
 proper to convey my true meaning. So far as I have taken a general or cpeeial view of the sub. 
 ject spoken of I am borne out by a vast majority of your political frien<ls in the city, all of whom 
 feel this to be a critical point in your political fate. The theory of youruddres-sio the Committee 
 of the Legislature we all admire— tiie practice under it, if conformuble to the theory, is ull that 
 we require. In great haste, very truly, your friend, J. HOYT. 
 
 it A Tamman 
 A 
 
ICK. 
 
 hii hart not »htat\»i 
 
 iiditin ;iri In iliitt mat- 
 
 y . \W tthall ex|i«ot 
 
 U. The old maxim 
 
 uiiluirity cnnrioi be 
 
 imriuMilarly exuied 
 
 r Chnrli's King, and 
 
 ixA iiiid Mr. Dudley, 
 
 fide hiH bargain leilk 
 
 iiK-es, one of which ig 
 
 al lif xDould not be re- 
 
 h;ive not the ftlightest 
 
 oitld rtluin Mr Duer, 
 
 Ir. Door's friendathat 
 
 oil I lel'i Alb;iny I \va« 
 
 iiiy p>'liiiciil iVa'iul-i, 
 
 ot t;ik<" tlie ofJic oi' 
 
 II 11(1 now roprnt that 
 
 )resont sintioii. The 
 
 <!tvrn nu' more awful 
 
 lotii ovor Crittenden's 
 
 , when our very flenses 
 
 ;nr in the room below. 
 
 ere porious and would 
 
 y ptiitiite limitation for 
 
 leration hiive been re. 
 
 ind (Jod liiiowa what, 
 
 til give you nn escort 
 
 id you of these things 
 
 lu'v of t lie Stntp. To 
 
 erod by nil upon genc- 
 
 redit fur it even from 
 
 iri;e you with bargain- 
 
 I) sii!»tiiin you. There 
 
 > (ieiirral .Fnckaon nil 
 
 ho sp»-n h I;, iiiude at 
 
 nd the mnnly spirit it 
 
 iiir to say further than 
 
 liNiiiier, ir/io is not at 
 
 swego — besides many 
 
 of Mr. Duer. 1 have 
 
 ve oflired to interfere 
 
 My first and principal 
 
 cnve my cliiima to the 
 
 loved by tlie lime \ re- 
 
 iieniber of the Cabinet 
 
 fe I shall not spare my 
 
 oir friends, their party, 
 
 nds har^e dime, violate 
 
 shall resort to will be 
 
 liples that ha«nciuat«'d 
 
 I ffo to Washington to 
 
 len be listened to with 
 
 lol prone to look upon 
 
 departure, and subject 
 
 prune it of any doubt- 
 
 plniiations that may bo 
 
 lieeial view of the sub. 
 
 I the city, all of whom 
 
 Ires-sio the Committee 
 
 the theory, is all that 
 
 ind, J. HOYT. 
 
 >ATRIOTS FOR HIRE, OVR U.VfON'.S LASTIN« SHAME. 
 
 213 
 
 JIfr. Stilwell would like Office — is injured by the N. Y. L)iw ^Fotmjioly — has an itching Jor poli- 
 tics — he. nets to be IJ. S. Mitinhnl. 
 [No. 177.] Silas .M. rftilwell to Siiiiiiiul S^vartwout, II iliok' ii, N. J. 
 
 Nbw yoRK, March 'J4, 1»2.). — [I'riviiUi ] — Dear Sir: After lenvin;,' you, on yesierday, an 
 iiiea popped into my head that I would like a siluntiuu in the jmsi oj/irr «/ this city, for one or 
 ttvo years, or uiitiU 1 can completely concentrate my |iroperty hi re. 1 an, iinw using every 
 means to turn my western and souihern properly into money, for ihe purpose of piirchnsinR real 
 Mtate in New York — and m ikinjj iliis (my iiativcj city my permum iit re.^irioncc. While my 
 buifness is going on, I can iis wull be employe i in soini; bui.iiiosis, iliat wilt make me Roine re. 
 turn. My legal prof esaion is of nn use tit mr here, inasmuch us my licence icns qraiiled by the 
 courts of Virginia f I feel ;)iill an itcliiiii» dewire to write uii political sulijecf", ami take an active 
 part ill political atlhirs, but 1 shall restrain my inclination until/ a more convenient period shall 
 arrive. Vou are no doubt, surprised at the request 1 make, but 1 bola-ve you will eventually 
 xt that 1 have taken a proper course. You will be appointed (beyond all duubt) to the ollice, 
 and 1 should bu gratified if you are pleased with my npplicaiiin. I'lease drupn line in the post- 
 utfice, naying where and when I shall have the pleasure of seeiiii; you. He pleased to txcepl of 
 the asduraiice ot iny high consideraiion and respect. a. M. STILWELL. 
 
 General Prosper M, IVetmore's President refers to his friend Van Jliiren, 
 [No. 178.] General P. W. Spicer, e.x-President, L'. S. Lombard, to Smiiuel Swartwout. 
 Niiw York, March 21th, 18529 — Sir: 1 have been informed that the ollire of Collector of 
 this Port has been tendered for your acceptance. Should this infortnation be authentic, and 
 !<hould you conclude to accept the aiipointment, I toke the liberty of otrorin;,' my services for your 
 acceptance in the situation of deputy. Iferl. a canvietinn that my VLr.i'ANTit.v; ejrperienre would 
 tnable me to dischargo the duties of the ofTice to your saiisfartion, and with advantage to the 
 public interests. If you are not already committed on tlie siilijeet of your appointment, I can, 
 with confidence, refer to the members of the RKPUurjcAN ji'irty at larsc in our city and State 
 for the claims I may be concidered to possess to your favorable eoneideration. / am AUTHOR. 
 IZED to refer to the linn. M. Van Ihinn and the /{on. C. f. CamhreleviX fur MY POLITI- 
 CAL ."^T.'VNDINCi. I likewise feel justified in adding the names of Benjamin Bailey and 
 the Hon. C. P. White, who have assured me of their tli-positinii to advance my views. May I 
 ask to be favored with an interview when you convenienee will jienuit, in reliilion to this busi. 
 ness. 1 have the honor to be, itc. P. W. SPICER. 
 
 fi A Tammany Offir.e-Uunter in the dumps — the Postmaster of New York ready to rebel against 
 Andrew Jackson, and why — Hector Crnis — Xoah on Clay and Van Burcn. 
 [No. 179.] .loiiatlian I. Cixldington to .lesse flnyt. — Confidential. 
 
 New York, Miirrih i29ili, 1829. — My Dear Sir: I havn received ytnir fivorof the 25th. My 
 interview with Mr. Van Biiren was not quite as Hitisfiicmry ss I could wi.sh, or indeed had a 
 right to i.'xpect, nfter hearing; what Silas Wright, .Ir.. said to .Arnold. I will expKiin further 
 when I see you. It may all end very wtU, hut. 1 am prepared to hear of Nuah, or Hector 
 Craigt receieing the appointment. You no doubt have heard ere tliis that Major Swartwout, 
 of Hobnken, is to be Collector of New York. 6 He told me so hinis'-lf. The General had pro- 
 mised it to him, provided ho could make certain arrangement.s, w liicli he says he very soon ac- 
 complished, and sent on — and expects hisCommission on Tewsdav morning. But noiwithstand- 
 iiig all he siys, Alley, Fish, tind others dont believo it. or rather, wont believe it. Frank Ogdeii, 
 it is said, will go to Liverpool. You well, recollect that Cam' releng expects this appointment. 
 Thus (if true) are TWO OF THIi) VERY BEST OFFICES in the gift of the Government 
 
 t Silirn M. Stilwell's letters to Uoyt iinH .Swartwmit, r-opicd into this rorre^ponileiico, nre reiilly curious prochie- 
 tion». He is from New Yorl<, went early in life to Virgiiiiii, stinlied liiw there, hecnine n Van Biireii niemhcr of the 
 N. Y. Lejislnfre, hut voted in fiivor of the U. rt Hunk, la I8.'t4. ho wns on the whig side, and iinniinnted hvthnt 
 pnrty fwith Seward) ns lieutennnl-jioverniir. He ha» been iin Alderman of New Yi rk. nrd a bnnliriipt. In 1841 be 
 professed astrnngnttorhment to President Tvler, who Rnve him tlio lucrutivo postof t'nileil Stntes Mnrshnl in New 
 York, now held by Kli Moore, tleers's Bank, or the North Amerinin Trust Co., w;is [ilnnned by him, nnd n lew 
 others of his way of thinkini;; he is charged with horrowing he.iiuit'iil piissafrcs from Broushnm, &c,, and passing 
 them otr for native maniifictiircs ; nnd is probably a >elf eilnoiitod ninn. He Marteil n Imot. nnd .shoe store in 
 .\ew York ; and in 1834, was, I believe, leijislat.or, aldermao. lawyer, shocmiil er, iiiid speciiliil.ir. 
 
 X Hector Craiir succeeded Noah os snrvovor of the port of New York in If" ;i. He was socretnry to Tammany 
 (Martling's) in IhlW. When n tm-inher of Congress, and fr;cnillv lo Do Witt Cliulon, in \>-'t. he voted for .lai'k- 
 siin nnd nsniiist Adams ii.s I'lesident. His Tither wns from .'^'■i-othuiil, ami a paper maker at ,\e«bursh. N. Y., 
 Mr. C. had been a merchant in , New York, and in IKl* wn.s nn anii ulHrra-iuy <on.>erviitive. EN Sloore suc- 
 ceeded Craig as Surveyor. W. F. Flavemeyer, mayor of N. Y. married ('rii^-'s il^iiightcr. He (Craig) is dead. 
 
 ^Tho' enraged at Swurtwont's success, Coddington was hi3 par.'^nnal and poljtiral friend, and wrote liim. May 
 8, 1829. Dear Sir— Mr. Isaac Warren is Me Old Democratic Jityuntic in i.i whuse lavnr I spoke to you sometime 
 •inee. He has been trying to get nn appointment from Mr. 'I'hompion. the last sevon years — and hope lie m.iy now 
 succeed. Mr. White and Mr. McDerni'itt have also requested mo to speak to yon iii thuir favor for a siti'ation. 
 Ihmt also to request that so able and efticicnt an officer as -Vr. ^'athaniel ffmt nuy not lie remnvril. 
 
 Yours moit resreci:'ii:y, J- 1- COPPIJTGTON. 
 
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214 roTiD. — AN OFIICh OK A .nuflNV ! — RITCHIE — OFFICK ; i'lE FOR SHAME* 
 
 ! ^i • 
 
 tM:^-- 
 
 I'-^in^;.- 
 
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 ' I* 
 
 GIVEN TO rCRSONAL FI111;M)S, and withuut ecen consultins /(/.i Cabinet. There ig 
 coiisideriilile iliss^iitis^thction Irti; tli;it .Mr. Van Ourci! \v<is not at \V!it;hiiif!ton sooner. Messrs. 
 Bailey, Alley, Uloodijoo;! .iiid Fish, ami others, tailed on Governor Van Buren on Monday, and 
 expressed til liiiu irhaf. they deemed the wixhca of the party — that Thompson, Duer, i^c. ought 
 to he remnvrd. The (Jovernor told them that he hud received Q lone; letter from you respecting 
 removals — hut iKiriiciilarly ahout the Uistrict Attorney. It is said G. D. Golden is a candidate 
 lor Du'm's pliKo. If so, there is xmoXhcr persoiml fiif.nd of the General's in your way. 
 
 n- IF THK PRF.SIDENT I'iiHSUES THIS COURSK THE PARTY IS RUINED, 
 ILF ArVD THE SOONER WE BEGIN TO BUILD UP A NEW THE BETTER. 
 
 Lt t me hear from you again soon, and believe, me to bo yours, truly, 
 
 J. I. CODDINGTON. 
 
 IIkjiakks, hy W. L. M. — The impression on my mind, from the mercenary character of 
 Noali, and the intrii;uin!^, politician-buying ways of Van Buren, and what I see in this corres- 
 •pondence, is, that Van Buren iiad burRained for Noah's support, payable by some fat office in 
 .lackson's gift, if the attempt to get the Sheriffship for him failed. In Van Buren's letter to 
 Iloyt, No. 15(!, he " sorely reurets"' Noah's) failure ; and when Coddiugton saw him, [as aimve,] 
 he found that Noah was ahead of hiui, and w;is so chagrined that he was ready to revolt. Noah, 
 in I'.is Star of Aug. ;>, IHIJt, .^nys that ho jileaded in 18^i),to .lacksoii.at Washington, " the con- 
 dition of the fNoah'sl Enquirer, almost broken down, and Jj'JS.OOO in debt, from a fierce politi- 
 cal coiiiliet " — that Ritchie opp(jsed him — that he wrote Ritchie, tvho replied, [see his letters, 
 No.s. ll'Jn, and 171)i,] — and that when he [Noaii] took sides with VVel)b, against Van Buren, 
 Ritchie called him " the Swiss Mercenary," &.c. Noah, again says, in his Star of June S3, that 
 Van Biiren got up a candidate a::aiu8t him (Coddiugton ?) and pushed him with all his force ; 
 but, he adds, " I was still Van Buren's friend." He praised Clay to the skies ; but had prcvi- 
 ously, when ordered by " that tyramiical and mercenary oligarchy known by the name of the Al- 
 bany Regency," described him as '• the man who had bar,'aiiie<l away the presidency," " the 
 aijostate ixiliticiim," " the despicable demagogue," '* who, by a i)nse bargain, brought into the 
 presidential chair th;- head of the old aristocracy, the revilcr of Jefl'eraoij" — adiling [Enquirer, 
 May 17, 18'28,) " Wo shall not tind fault with Mr. Clay in turning religious, and renouncing 
 cards, dice, und women — it is time tor him to do .so,'' &,c.t 
 
 [No. 171), n.] Thomas Ritcliie, now Editor of the Union, to .Mordecai M, Noah, Editor 
 of llic Enquirer, N. Y. — Rk iimun;), March '2^^, 18^1). — Dear Sir: I take blame to myself for 
 not meeting, more directly, a suggestion which you maile in tlie letter you were so kind as to 
 addre.s.s me a few days ago. But since replyitig to it, I see so much to draw my attention to 
 the subject ; so much in what has been <ione in the case of others, and so much in wliat has 
 been rumored in your own case, that I cannot reconcile it to the regard I have for you, or 
 the resjject I wish to preserve for myself, to puss it over in the general and delicate way I have 
 done. 
 
 1 will not content myself iiy saying, as I then did, that I wish for nothing from the Adminis- 
 tration, but I will take the liberty of noiiig fiirther, and, in the most respectful manner, of ask- 
 ing whetl'.er you. (at the head of such a press as the N. Y. Enquirer,) should accept of an of- 
 tice at their hands ? The dkjnmty of tijk t'RKns is alriiadv iN.ifKi:i), I (inEATi.v fear, by the 
 .M'jinF.ROF KDiTons WHO iiAvii (inrAi.vF.ii offkk.s — tmi; two Grekns, Danforth, Kf-ndalt,, Hill, 
 
 A.vn IF YOU AUr, ADPEI) TO TIIF. LIST, IT MAY BK TRIT.Y SAID THAT THi: MOST ACTIVK AND ABLEST 
 
 >:t)itohs i.v iHU ti.DTio.v OF Gf.v. .T. HAVE oiiTAiNHn OFFKK.S', A luiud like yours will see at 
 
 till NniiliV S'nr, Juno ilH, IKlf. ho tlius oxpliiiiis liif .'oniit'i'iiiiii with Viiti Hiiren : 
 
 " I \vii» ii, niifiirtiinnte in In rniriinit !\Ir. Vnii Buren ia fiivDr (ifWni. H. Criiwilird for tlic |ire«irlrncy, nnd to 
 bold liitii lust in his pled:.'o nt' lidclitv, so far nt least iiu to vdIa I'or liiin on thu first hnllot, afli-r wiiirh it was hin 
 inlentioii to Imva voted for.loiin (Iniiicy Adiiiiis ; to secure his clci'tioii.aiid to nnceiit in return .^ui'li continpent ro- 
 wtird ns services iind inlhinnro oftliat iiiituru liuve rendurcil uimvoidiibli; -.—for be it known tliiit iit timt time, and 
 nt no time, was Mr. Vnn Union I'ricndly to Gen. .Inrkson, or Imd nny runfidence in ills litneis or nliiiinn to the ofllce 
 'if president. Tlie colinnns of tliu Ar^jns will hear me out in tliis ns^ertion. Mr. Cluv, however, was too quick and 
 loo sagacious for the Little Magician, and Mr. Adams was elected hy Congress on the tirst ballot. Mr. Van Bu- 
 ren'.-. re-election for Penator w.is imi-t desirable to him, and he taw alonco that he could only succeed by obtuin- 
 ins the vo.es of the friends of Mr. Ailams in our lecisliiluro ; s.i ho Bro/ii.icd to he sniislied with his udininistratiuii 
 and took no hostile attitude until, hy the votes of trie ,\dams men, he hucccedod in securing bin sent in thei^enate. 
 Ho then attempted to obtain oHice under Mr. .\dums, and several effort.* were made to secure hi.-! cinifidonce. Find- 
 ii:;; that Mr. ^'nn Buren wat> attemptit '^ m soil the democratic party in Mr. .\danit>, I forthwith run uji the Jock- 
 sun niifi under iho head of the New Yo.!. .".ninirer, nnd by this act incurred the severe displeasure of Mr. Van Bu- 
 ren and the lU-pency, for presuming m ..iic!ar« in fiivor of Mister .lacksun, as they cal'ed hiin, before they had ex- 
 hausted their efforts to win over Hresidcnt .v., nil';, jr had time to open nej^otiations with (Jen. Jauksun s friends. 
 Mr. Adams, hoivever, was dctermi! A -.'o t y ';,'i .urtuni; without Van Buren, and be declined piirchasinit him ; and 
 when Mr. Rufus King wusBppointt: J m.ni'.ier lolR .^lar.d, andRen. .Incksou's prospects strengthened, Mr. Van Bu- 
 ren threw hinuelf into the currtnl, snJ ti.oie our Jiif the General after the battle Itad been fought, and in sight of 
 •metonj. giving as bm reasons, t j i ^lm-/ York poiiuciitii, wbo I can immo, if ncceiiury, that General JtoUoo, of of) 
 i^e caniiiiittCn, tias the HuttAtoMtnun/*:' 
 
 once the han< 
 thevwillbein 
 
 latedto 
 
 LIKE THE 
 POWER. 
 
 I entreat y 
 and less for tl 
 contend again 
 torinl partiza 
 to witness. 
 
 [No. 17£ 
 
 I could eincei 
 
 THE PEOe 
 
 QUARREL 
 
 SherifT, or tht 
 
 your success. 
 
 brethren, I s! 
 
 There is gi 
 
 of being depe 
 
 BY MAKIN 
 
 SHALL Wl 
 
 PARTY, 01 
 
 1 think, it 
 
 be shut out 
 
 Congrefs — U 
 
 which the fit 
 
 partiner.ts, J 
 
 won't at th< 
 
 clotii. Whi 
 
 possible hell 
 
 under the sr 
 
 tion, are thi 
 
 editors ani 
 
 I will ml 
 
 It has e.\citi 
 
 among its I 
 
 Take office 
 
 \ 
 
 'SS 
 
 il 
 
 lie 
 v 
 
 t Our read< 
 shewn that 
 buy liis prei- 
 killed his Ol 
 
 (Prom tl 
 
 npreemcnt 
 
 Messrs Bite 
 
 him and Mr 
 
 llict, closed 
 
 of the aloh' 
 
 Van Uureii 
 
 the deiiiocr 
 
 the present 
 
 new otl'icia 
 
 cessary to i 
 
 man wlio i 
 
 we are nov 
 
 realized by 
 
 niucracvt t 
 
 Next da) 
 
 the energy 
 
 his or).'nn 
 
 of manly I' 
 
 ing the pc 
 
 plunJeriii; 
 
 Presidii 
 
 and conti 
 
 jentionubl 
 
 the rcveii 
 
 as in me 
 
 has so lot 
 
 tbim. 
 
'for shame J 
 
 Cabinet. There » 
 Ion sooner. MessfB. 
 Iren on Monday, and 
 mn, Ducr, i(c. uufiht 
 Ifrom you respecting 
 polden is a candidate 
 ' yovr wiry. 
 ^TY IS RUINED 
 JETTfOR. 
 
 ICODDINGTON. 
 
 :enary character of 
 
 I ste in this corres- 
 ;y some fat office in 
 
 an Buren's letter to 
 saw him, [as ai)ove,] 
 My to revolt. Nonh, 
 |ashiiigton, " the con- 
 
 froni a lierce politi- 
 lied, [see his letters, 
 against Van Buren, 
 
 Siar of June 23, that 
 
 1 with all Ids force ; 
 
 kies ; but had previ. 
 
 the name of the Ai- 
 : presidency," <« the 
 • in, brought into the 
 —adding [Enquirer, 
 ous, and renouncing 
 
 iii M. Noah, Editor 
 
 blame to myself for 
 
 II were so kind as to 
 
 haw my attention to 
 
 much in what has 
 
 1 I iiave for you, or 
 delicate way I have 
 
 ; from tlie Adminis- 
 'ftil manner, of usk- 
 ild accept of an of- 
 
 EATf.V FEAR, BY THE 
 
 Til, Ke.vdalt., Hill, 
 
 ACTIVK AND ABLEST 
 
 p yours will see at 
 
 tlie presirlrncy, nnd to 
 afti-r wliich it was hiit 
 
 iirii.iiii'li contrnfrent re- 
 I tliiit lit timt time, ami 
 kornliiiinK tothoofllce 
 iver. wmtoo<]iiick and 
 ' Ijallot. Mr. Vim Bu- 
 nly snrceeii l»y obtain- 
 ivitli his adininiatratjuii 
 
 his sent in the Senate. 
 
 his cdnfirtence. Find- 
 with run iiit the Jnck- 
 Siniire of .Mr. Van Bu- 
 n, before they hnd ex- 
 en. Jnckton'i fiiendi. 
 
 IMirchnsinjT hlin ; nnd 
 ?thened, Mr. Van Bu- 
 'tr/it. and in tight at 
 enural JaokwOfOfol) 
 
 WE LOVE THE PEOFU! — ^DEAStY LOVE TO PLUNDER 'eM ? 
 
 215 
 
 once the handle which will be made of these accumulated appointments, and with what force 
 thevwill be made to bearagainst those who confer, and those who accept, ofliceH. ITISCALCU. 
 LATED TO BRING DOWN THE LOFTY INDEPENDENCE OE THE PRESS, WHICH, 
 LIKE THE SENSITIVE PLANT, SHRINKS EROM THE TOUCH OF EXECUTIVE 
 POWER. 
 
 I entreat you to excuse these hasty lines. II I respected you lesu — if I cared less for you, 
 and less for the grest cause in which vve have fought together, and in which we may have to 
 contend again, I would not venture to write them. The appoinUneiU of personal friends and edi. 
 iorial purlizans has already produced a feeling in same of our friends thai. I iienr expected 
 to witness. In great huste, yours, THOS. RITCHIE. 
 
 [No. 179, b.] The same to the same— Rich.\iond, April II, 182!}.— My Dear Sir * » » 
 I could sincerely wish you not to accept of any appoiniment under the Aduiiiiistration. WHAT 
 THE PEOPLE OR THE LEGISLATURE MIGHT GIVE YOU. WE WOULD NOT 
 QUARREL ABOUT. Had the good people of N. York thoui-ht propLT to re-elect you their 
 Sheriff, or the legislature to invest you wiih one of their appointments, I should be haj)py to greet 
 your success. But, I confes;*, that after the favors which have ulnio.st been showered upon our 
 brethren, 1 should wish you neither to ask nor accept an office. 
 
 There is great force in your remark, that if the editor be kept poor, the press is in great danger 
 of being dependent. Yet I AM AFRAID VVE SHALL SC.4 RCELY MEND THE MATTER 
 BY MAKING THE EDITOR OWE HIS FORTUNES 10 THE EXECUTIVE POWER. 
 SHALL WE NOT MERELY SHIFT THE DANGER, FROM A DEPENDENCE ON A 
 PARTY, OR THE PEOPLE, TO A DEPENDENCE ON THE ADMINISTRATION ? 
 
 I think, in this respect, we are, and should be a proscribed cltjss — that is to suy, we should 
 be shut out from the ordinary executive otficcs ; but I would equally proscribe u member of 
 Congress — leaving both of tiiem, however, at liberty to accept the highest grades of oifices, for 
 which the field of selection ought to be as wide ns the nation itself: such as Secretaries of De- 
 partments, Judges of the Supreme Court, and Foreign Ministers to the highest Courts. But I 
 won't al the same time, throw open every other honor in the Rcpiiliiic to gentlemen of our 
 clotii. What I would ask is, that, for ordinary offices, there should he as Utile connexion as 
 possible between the press and the Excculire. 1 would put editors and members of Congress 
 Uiider the same rule and exceptions ; because the liberty of the press, and the freedom of eleC' 
 tion, are the greitt safeijuurds of our lihcrti.es; and if the Picsidiiit can injure both, by calling 
 editors and representatives into office, wr shall place both of them at his fect.f 
 
 I will m.t however, trouble you further upon this subject : nor do I wish to trouble the public. 
 It has excited grciit clamor among the enemies ol the Administration /icce, and great censure 
 among its best friends : and I really wish that not more than one (if one) case had occurred. 
 Take office, nowcver, or not, be assured of niv kind wishes for your health and happiness. 
 
 ■Respectfully yours, THOMAS RITCHIE. 
 
 t Our readers will be pleased to ttirii to IMiiiol Jackson's lutler, f.N'o. iWiJ of lliis correspondence,) in which it it 
 ihewn thut Vun Knren's friends set up BInIr iis a printer, (which was the same as if a liiiiik hiul ient him cash to 
 hoy his presses and types.) — they may then be iiuicli edified by a pernsnl of llhiir's dying s; eech, when Polk hud 
 killed his Qlobc. nnd chosen liilchie, who hnd such n h"rror nt odice. as his sncccsxir. 
 
 (Prom the Globe.] Wasminiiton, April M, \f\Tt. — 'I'lie (ilnbe otlice and ils nppnrtennnocs, (in virtue of the 
 npreement which we annex for the inforninlion f ils siibscriliers.) passed, on r^atiirduv !■ -U into the hands of 
 Messrs Ritchie it. Weiss. TIIIO (;U)UK H.\I) IT.S OUKJIN IN Till'. WILL OI' (;i;.\. J.XCKSU.'V, and owes to 
 him and .Mr. Van Bnrcn, and their political friends, the snccess which lins attended it ihron^'h lifteen years of con- 
 flict, closed by the Inle trinmpli of the deindcriicy, which e:?Uced the disaster of IS40. It has been the misfortune 
 (if the IHohc. in sn.sininin^' ilie Airong adminislration of (ien. Jncltsoii — tliH iinconipniniisiiig adniinislnition of Mr. 
 Van Uuren and in opposins the abuses of .Mr. Tyler's adminislration, ti, make tnoniies df some who united with 
 the democracy in its last slrn!.'i,'le. The interest nf the cause reipiires that all who ciintrihnted to the electiiin of 
 the present Chief .Masislrale slinnld I'lintinne In give their snppnrl. It is the ifnoil fiirlnno of tiie cnndnctnr of the 
 new otlicinl ori;an, ITIionias Uitclne] not to have ofl'cnded any portion ot thnse whnse adiiesion to tlie party is ne- 
 cessary to its safely and <ncci;s>. VVo have nnhoundod coiilideiire in tie iiliiliiy, iiile;,'nly. and p.ntriolisni of the 
 man who is now to preside iivcr the establishment, and shall consider onr-elves amply i'iini|iensalc(i for the sacrifice 
 we are now culled nn to innke, if our anticipations of the continued union and sn(ce>-b ot the democracy shall be 
 reali/ed hy the otticial .jonrnal, under its now name and new auspices. We raiinol express onr iralilude to the de- 
 mocracy, to 'ihich wo owe every ihing. !''■ P. KL.MH, JOH.NT. RIVIiB. 
 
 Next day, the Glohe remarks, that " Fortunately there is nothing of moment at this time to rail into requisition 
 tliceneruy of the organ ofdemocrarv at VVashin^ton." When, or in what in>lance, diiriiiK l.'i years, did Blair and 
 his ornnn display ninch enerKV, except when baltlin!.' fur the spoils, or tiahtin? in the cause of faction, regardless 
 of manly freedom, or free inslitntioiu ? Ritchie, Blair's successor, was ouito aiiiinaled when abusing me I'or shew- 
 ing the people, on the best of evidence, llie holluwlieartcd rutteiuiess of Van Bnreii, tjunihielung, Butler, and their 
 plundering associates. 
 
 Presid.Mit Tyler's Ihmrii was like Ritchie's; he iiistrnctcd Mr. Ilobbie, Sept. -28, lb41, that 'the appointment to, 
 nnd continuance in the o'llico of postmaster of any one editing u political newspaper, is, i.i the highest degree, oh- 
 jectionuhle. It involves most of the conseipiences uiiiiic staled— introduces pnlitics into the post ndice— diininishei 
 the revenues und confers privileges on one editor which all ivinnot enjciy. In a wnrd. ii is my ti.\eil purpnse, ns fnr 
 as in me lies, to separate the I'ost Office Department from pulilics, and bring abunf that refurin which the country 
 has so loHdly demanded." Mr. Tyler, like Mr. Ritchie, did uut act up to these prinoiiilcs, but in coi|tradiciion o| 
 •I**""- , •• , .-.,. Til 
 
 
 
 
216 *My DIRTY work's V,'F,LL done — UNCLE SAM SHALL FOOT YOUR BILL.' 
 
 YOt 
 
 Irl in,--'.''" 
 :•'"■ . ' :•.'.'•■' 
 
 Noah introduces to Sieartiean/ for an Assistant Cashier, his Hebrew Cuusiu, Phillips, who was 
 afterwards pntscr.ulrd for taking ,$600,000, or so, from Uncle t'Sum'.i Till. 
 
 [No. 180. J M. M. Noah to Major Swartwout, Hoboken. — New York, xVIarch 31, 
 
 1629. — My Dear Sir; 1 riu'niioned to you that Mr. Joshua and Anroii N. Phillips have been 
 many years in the Customs. THKY ARE AT IMPORTANT DESKS, and TilEIR CAPA- 
 CITY and thorough knowledge of the business is excelled by none in the department. In in- 
 troducing them to your tVieudly notice I can only assure you that their experience and attention 
 to thtir duties, will ho useful to von and serviceable to the revenue, and that THEY MERIT 
 BY THEIR INTEGRITY YOUR ENTIRE CONFIDENCE. 
 
 Truly yours, M. M, NOAH. 
 
 l''an Burcn complains of his friend Hoyt's harshness and rudeness — 'be cieil or I'll cut the 
 
 connexion' — take office and ask no questions — Jir. Hills — Van Biiren and Jackson understood 
 
 each other. 
 
 [No. 181.] ^I'Prrtnry Van Buren to .Trsse Hoyt, New York. (Private.) 
 
 Washixuto.v, .April 13, 18:29. — Dear Sir: I never e.xpectcd to sec the day when I fhould be 
 constrained, as I now am, to luldress you in the lanijuasie of complaint. Nothing biit uiy strong 
 conviction ot the e.xtent and sincerity of your friendship could sustain me ii; rps'sling the belief 
 that you have a settled purpose to (luarrcl with me. Here I am engaged in the most intricate 
 and important affairs, which are new tome, and upon the successful conduct of which my repu- 
 tation as well as the inteivsrs of the country depend, and which keep me occupied from early in 
 the morning, until Inte at niuht, and can you think it kind or just to harrass me under such cir- 
 cumstances with Intiers, which no man of common sensibility can read without pain 7 Your 
 letter to ine at New York contained many truths, for which I was tiiankful, and reHections 
 which I thought just, tu^ the whole were expressed in terms so harsh, not to say rude, as to 
 distress me exceedingly. I have scarcely recovered from the effect of so great an eiTor in judge- 
 ment, to say nothini; else, when I am favored with another e|)istle from you, still transcending 
 its predecessor in its most ohjectionahlc features. I must bo plain with yon. I have all my 
 life (at le;ist since I have known you,) cherished the kindest solicitude for your welfare, and 
 have manifested at lea.st my Rood will towards you, and should be extremely sorry to have occa- 
 sion to change tho.^e feelini^s, but ii is due to us both that 1 should say, that the terms upon 
 which rjou hare seen Jit to place our intercourse arc as inndmi.H.'iahlr. It grieves me exceedingly, 
 more than you imagine, lo be obliwd to say fo. When I was favored with your epistle in New 
 York I had just rot;;rned from an interview with Mr. Howne, in which 1 had made your im- 
 mediate appoiniment as District Attorney, a point that could be no longer delayed. I have since 
 had an increased desire to sec it done, have taken steps to effect it, and with the mail that 
 brings your accus-itory letter, I have information that it shall be done ; but that you are hesitating 
 whether you will accept it or not. Let me adcise von \rithout liieing my reason why, to do so. 
 
 The story y,m tell [the leord illegible,] as coming from .Mr. Hiil.-i (a man who, if I know him, 
 is without the slightest cons^ideration in society) about the President's great confidence in Mr. 
 Berrien, and little in me, is the veriest stuff that could be conceived. The repetition of such 
 idle gossip constrains nie to say, what I am almost ashamed to do, that I have found the Presi- 
 dent affectionate, confiJential, and kind to the iast degree ; and that I am entirely satisfied that 
 there is no degree of good feeling or e(mfidenco which he does not entertain for ine. He has, 
 however, his own wishes and favorite views upon points which it is not my province to attempt 
 controul. Upon every matter he wishes to have the truth and respects it ; and will in the end 
 satisfy all of the purity of his views and intentions, I have not time to add another word. 
 
 Your friind and humble servant in extreme haste, M. V. BUREN. 
 
 Office Beggars rebuked — Hints to Hoyt about emhexzling other people's ca^h. 
 [No. 182.] .Secretary Ingham to .Tesse Hoyt, at New York. 
 
 Washi.ngto.v, Nth April, li^'i9. — Dear Sir : Your favor is duly received, but yon must per. 
 mit me to say in great Koberiiess, that an cxcit';mcnt without reason cannot be founded in sober 
 judgment, and ought never to be made the cause of action on the part of an administration, who 
 are bound to consult, in great soberness, the great interests of the country, and not the feverish 
 feeling even of the best of friends, for which no reason can bo given. If there were an enemy 
 menacing your good city with desolation, that would bo a good reason for excitement, or if it 
 wnt known that your Culleetor was embezzling the public money, or corrupting the Community 
 by official abuses, there would be aood errii.ie ; but reolly for so many wise men as we claim 
 among our friends in New York to sutler themselves to be imt into hysteric spasms because of 
 the continuance of Mr. Thompson to collect the duties a few days or weeks longer, or shorter, 
 is really matter of surprise — and if it indicates anything for consideration here, it is, that it 
 would be better to let the Fever evaporate before we throw in any more stimulants. I am sure 
 that sedatives are better adapted to such u condition than any other prescription — but to be more 
 wrious, my dev m, let me teU you that there ib a '/uet tnw>a of eeUuh intcre&t at wtfrk ftbrosd. 
 
 to excite jealo 
 on one hobby, 
 passions, and 
 there was sob 
 hopes shall yi 
 menae mass ol 
 much more se 
 1 do assure yo 
 out reading t 
 ments can be 
 late administ 
 they were cru 
 only at interv 
 ments. Thei 
 the appointmt 
 and yet such 
 ablest friends 
 cause he was 
 the Administ 
 have not yet 
 chiefly remoo 
 friends were 
 luent, where 
 where we ha 
 nothing can s 
 wearied with 
 dubbed secre 
 
 Hoyt Ulls Vi 
 ed at asri 
 Vice Chai 
 puffs hi mi 
 
 [No. IS 
 1829. Deal 
 sufficient tin 
 its perusal n 
 pose to guar 
 (piarrel icilh 
 intercourse 
 be no less n 
 advance yo 
 to this city 
 niay say th 
 ot some ovt 
 make the ii 
 As T am 
 &.C., I am 
 n'nders 
 '.riends I hf 
 Ecery id 
 .-eference t 
 ed would h 
 [cast to sue 
 detracts fr 
 ment of tli 
 ancestors'' 
 liDTO Y 
 eradicated 
 LARS AT 
 GAIN, bu 
 motive to 
 time you i 
 .<inme iegr 
 evinced ai 
 
 a 
 
)nR HILL.' 
 
 'YOU MADE ME "WHAT I AM,' SAID VAN's POOR, SPAVINED TROOPEH. 
 
 2ir 
 
 iPliillips, who uao 
 Till. 
 
 [York, March 31, 
 rhillips have been 
 
 THEIR CAPA- 
 Ipartnient. In in. 
 pnce and attention 
 
 THEY MERIT 
 
 M. M. NOAH, 
 
 kcj/ or I'll cut the 
 fackson understood 
 
 ite.) 
 
 when I fihoulil he 
 liinw hut inystronisf 
 rfsisiing the belief 
 the most intricate 
 Jof which my repii- 
 ipied from early in 
 ne under such cir- 
 hout pain .' Your 
 ul, and reHeotions 
 It to say rude, an to 
 an error in judge- 
 , Hiill transcending 
 II, I have all my 
 your welfare, and 
 sorry to have occa- 
 at t/ie terms upon 
 es me exceedingly, 
 our epistle in New 
 iiid made your iin- 
 »yed. I have since 
 ivith the mail that 
 you are hesitating 
 ison irA;/, to do so, 
 ho, if I know him, 
 confidence in Mr, 
 repetition of such 
 e found the Presi- 
 tirrly satisfied that 
 I for me. He has, 
 rovince to attempt 
 nd will in the end 
 mother word, 
 d. V, BUREN. 
 
 tie's cash. 
 
 )ut you must per. 
 ! founded in sober 
 Iministrntion, who 
 id not the feverish 
 re were an enemy 
 xcitement, or if it 
 ig the Community 
 men as we claim 
 tpasms because of 
 longer, or thorter, 
 lerc, it is, that it 
 lants. I am sure 
 I — but to be more 
 t at wtn-k abroad. 
 
 to excite jealousies among us here, and produce distraction, by which some may ride into office 
 on one hobby, some on another, while we are endcavorintj to stand unmoved by those ruffling 
 passions, and by harmonious action, to keep the dhip steady on her course — and 1 should hope 
 there was soberness enough among you to resist the impotence of expectants, until their vain 
 hopes shall yield to reason and common sense. There is, moreover, you must know an im- 
 mense mass of severe and constant labor to be performed by the officers of the government, and 
 much more severe to those who come newly into office. These duties cannot be postponed, and 
 I do assure you that I am compelled daily to file away long lists of recommendations, i^c., with- 
 out reading them, although I work 18 hours of the 24, with all my diligence. The appoint- 
 ments can be postponed — other matters cannot — and it was one of the prominent errors of the 
 late administration, that they suffered many important public interests to be neglected, while 
 they were cruizing about to secure or buy up partizans. This we must not do, and hence it is 
 only at intervals, " few and far between," that we can find a moment's time to consider appoint- 
 ments. Then let us come to New York. Our friends there have settled down on about two of 
 the appointments, but you are wholly unsettled as to the Collectorship ; and I believe as to D. A., 
 and yet such impatience I Why, sir, let me tell you, that one of our best, and I had almost said, 
 ablest friends in Baltimore, left here on the Gth March, leaving his imprecation behind him, be. 
 cause he was not appointed to an office, not then vacant, and because we had not removed all 
 llie Administration Inspectors, not one of whom could have been known here, and of whom they 
 have not yet accurately informed me, lie has since come to his senses — the inspectors are 
 chiefly removed, and matters are getting right there. Boston, tou, has been in a fever, where our 
 friends were so strong, that they have divided into two parties. Providtnce, too, hna had a fer- 
 ment, where we had 72 votes, all told. There has also been the same at Little Egg Harbour, 
 where we had five votes ! These mtilters proceed from the morbid parts of our system — but 
 nothing can sink deep which is not founded in something rational and substantial. Are you not 
 wearied with my long letter ' I am. It is the most lengthy epistle I have written, since I was 
 dubbed secretary — and despair of getting tiine to write such another, for this year at least. 
 
 Yours, truly, S. D. INGHAM. 
 
 »• >'■ 
 
 ffoyt tells Van Buren how he had strved him — fs annoyed at having his ' literary property ' sneer, 
 ed at as rudeness — is Van liuren's pupil — very disinterested — no sycophant or intriguer — the 
 Vice Chancellor's ntfirt part of the spoils — Why Butler and Jloyt were obnoxious — Hoyt 
 puffs himself — down with Duvr, 
 
 [No. 183.]. Jesse lloyt to Secretary Van Buren, at Washington, New York, April 24, 
 18iJ9. Dear Sir : I received your letter of the 13, on Monday morning last at Albany, and 
 sufficient time has elapsed I think to enable me to answer it without induiaing in those feelinga 
 its perusal naturally g.ive ri^se to. I have not now and at n() time have I had any " settled pur. 
 pose to quarrel with yon," fur I have too often quarreled for you, to be at this time willing to 
 »Hmrrel with you. It would lie extremely hnmilinting to be obl«t'f/ged to admit, that in all my 
 intercourse with you I had not sufficient sacriieity to understand your character ; and it would 
 be no less mortifying to have cause to unsay all 1 hnve said for the last 12 years, calculated to 
 advance your reputation as a tnini, and ynur INTEGRITY as a politician. When I first came 
 to this city to live, your democrniic adherents were not numerous — and without any vanity I 
 may say that my e.vertions tended to increase the numb.'r — and until I have been found guilty 
 ot some overt net in deros^ation of my I'ormer conduct, I question with great respect your right to 
 make the insinuation your letter seems to convey. 
 
 A'^ lam not favored with a bill ol' particulars of my " indiscretions," " error of judgment," &c, 
 &,c., I am deprived of the power of explanation, but if the plain truth, spoken in a plain way, 
 renders " an intercourse inadmissable," then am I content to he cut off from the world and the 
 triends I hnve hitherto been ardently attached to. 
 
 Every idea I conveyed in the letter you received from vie while here were conveyed more in 
 reference to your interest than my own, and the language in which ihey were clothed I Buppns- 
 ed would have been sufficiently softened by the P'servation I made at the close of the letter — at 
 Least to such nn extent as would have protected ine iVom the charge " of rudeness," which olways 
 detracts from the gentlemanly deportment I am most anxious to preserve. The political senti- 
 ment of that letter I still adhere to. My politicMl sentiments I inherited from a " long line of 
 anccg/ors" (such as they were.) MY POLITICAL EDUCATION I A!VI MAINLY INDEBT- 
 •^D TO YOV FOR, and the priricii>les f imbibed from birth as well as education cannot be 
 eradicated at this time of life. I HWE NOT M.ADH: POLITICS A MATTER OF DOL- 
 LARS AND CENTS, NOIl HAVE I ADHERED TO PARTY WITH THE HOPE OF 
 GAIN, but I have labored in them under your immediate auspices for 12 years with the leading 
 motive to serve you, but against the advice of many powerful business friends, During this 
 time you have met with occasional reverses, and I believe my fidelity and faithfulness, and even 
 .time degree of efficiency to you, were never questioned by any owe — nor am I aware of having 
 evinced any dieposition to ehnnk from tho consequeaces of adversity which attended you. u 
 
 ■■■■Xi 
 
 :i'i 
 
 
 
918 
 
 THE SOW AND PIOS — SUCTION FROM WITHODT ! 
 
 "K:^': 
 
 ' •'.{■ ' 
 
 i.i. *'<:... 
 
 r '.-i .- 
 
 I • 
 
 
 II :•".;• 
 
 r;,\ • 
 
 
 (• '/ 
 
 
 perchane« T should now fail <o pour out hcnrtle^s ndulRtion less copiously than sycophants and 
 intregerit who have the good fortune to surround yourperson nt this rime, t< nwy be a just ground 
 "for letting me down the wind a pn y to fortune.'' I have no ambition to be in the train of 
 great men, if I am to sacrifice iny independence or to be prohibited in expressing an honest 
 opinion, I frankly admit I wrote the letter referred to under pome excitement. I was assured 
 by Mr. Duer's friends that you had protnised to sustain him. My conversation with you at AU 
 bany led me to the same conclusion. I had that morning received information from Albany 
 that you had spoken to Governor Throop, at the request and in behalf of Judge Duer, for Vice- 
 Chancellor. If this was not enough to justify plain dealing from one who had given some proofs 
 of devotion to you, and who felt the guat interest you had at stake, I am at a loss to know 
 what would have been. I know the sevse of your partizava in relation to thiae men, and I 
 know a more indiscreet measure you could not have adopted, if you desired to retiiin your pow- 
 er and influence with the party to which you have acknowledged obligations. 
 
 As I wrote that letter my confidential clerk copied the sheets (I kept a copy without reading 
 over the original or even the copy before I got to Albany) for the purpose of enabling me to shew 
 it to Mr. Bntler. I did so, and he remarked that it was ail risiht, and he was glad I wrote it. 
 He said the ideas were very strongly expressed but the reservation I refer to rendered that harm- 
 less in point of language, and I must thercfire confe.ss I was surprised to find that the charac- 
 ter of the hinguage I ui^ed had found its way to your " Sensibilitv," or that you could for one 
 moment consider me guilty of " rudeness." As to the other letter, I am equally surprised nt 
 the exception. If these were cotisidered exceptionable, then I fear the one F wrote covering one to 
 Mr. Hamilton would be deemed still more so. I had reason to be dissatisfied with Mr. Hamilton 
 for having misled me in his letter early in March. I may have written the last letter under th« 
 influence of that feeling. When I tell you. however, that I meant nothing inconsistent with my 
 former relation to you, and that J shall not herenftrr nhtriide either my opinions or advice vpon 
 you in relation to any subject, I should hope I had made satisfactory atonement. 1 am per> 
 lectly aware of the responsibility of your situation, and God knows there is no man living that 
 would be more gratified than I shotild to have you acquit yourself with reputation. I am very 
 much oblefdgfd to you for your interference with Mr. Howne. I shall luit get that place, and 
 I can tell you how I was kept out of it. Mr. Ma.xwell. when he got alarmed, ."oes to .Tudge 
 HoflTman and tells him he was to be removed, and that his son.Otrden.had better be "a .candidate 
 for the oflSce. Mr. Bowne tells Riker. confidentially, and lie tells an Alderman that you would 
 be pleased to see me put there. This comes to the ear of Hoflnian, and he sacs to all the Clin- 
 
 tonian Aldermen of the -lili and Fth wanls. dkc. &,c., and insinuates this idea 
 
 to them, and with all the adroitness peculiar to that taniilv, rnk-s up old prejudices, enlists Duer, 
 who is attached to young Moflhian, with all thu coodje.s, hicli minded, and Cliiifoninn!', and I 
 was defeated. Duer was in the thickest of this. No Clintouiaii in the Legislature voted for 
 Butler, save one or two ; not one of the corporation voted for nio. fl-V had become obnoxious 
 for our services in the cause of another leader. There is not old staunch democracy enough in 
 the Common Council to elect ine. It is not then siiiprising that my inveteracy to that concern, 
 coodies, high minded and all, should he as siront; as it i.'^. Mr. Duer is now playing the same 
 game that Ma.xwell plaved on Wednesday (.lainea (^impliell authori.-ied me to say so) — he went 
 to .Judge Hoffmnn and told him that he had such inionnulion as satisfied him that he would be 
 removed, and that he did not know why his son Ggdcn should not be appointed. Mr. Duer had 
 then been informed that Mr. Hamilton had iho option lo take the ofllen. He told me on Tues. 
 day that Mr. Hamilton could not take it, i'or on that subject he was " I'oinmitted on paper," 
 Mr. Biinner told tne the .same thing oil Mond.iv, at Albany. After this Mr. Duer goes to Judge 
 Iloflftnan, and, with what motive it is not dillicult to divine. 
 
 I did state to Mr. Bo"ne that, a^ tliitiiT'^ now stood, I could nut Except the oflrice of Attorney for 
 this County, nor can I if it could be given me, after what f write you, with any detrree of honor. 
 I informed the gentlemen who were iii^trnniental in getting up acnucns here on Saturday and 
 Wednesday last, fwhieb, by the bye, were perfect abortions.) that I had no expectations of Mr. 
 Duer's office, for I knew t'roni the hcrinning if ynii were not for me it was idle to say any thing 
 on the subiect : and I need not sa>' that I have not been promised any aid from you, though I 
 thought then and now think I had siionir claims on yon as n party man and a personal friend — 
 and such T under'ake to say is the universal sentiment of every hcdv here, of all parlies who have 
 wilnes.«ied my exertions to sustain \o\\ against the infamous attacks of your enemies. More 
 than 20 leading men here tendered their names and .luuing the test Mr. J. C Hamilton; your 
 silence induced me to decline the profTc r. I HAVH NO INIIP^RHNT LOVE OF OFFICE, 
 and f have not therefore studied diserrtion or weighed prononns and ndvi rhs in my letters to 
 "Constitution"! advisers'' and advisers not eonst'tirion.il at Wnshinfton. / ^Hotn the fxact 
 EXTFNT nf mv pretensions, mv scrrices, claims, <Z W kilWY , and POWRR — they are small and 
 inconsiderable — But when all or any ef them — hall not he pr' perly rcperted by those whom I 
 think ought to respect them, I should be unwi'linjr to submit in silence without being niarmed 
 at any fate tbatmig;ht await mc. Political fidelity^ untiring industry and per^eocrance will 
 
 <'i'\ 
 
 one day or otl 
 which I deem 
 one can conin 
 more than it j 
 ance of that fi 
 Attorney, but 
 to do it. Yel 
 lence to the p 
 is so much ch 
 tioii. Lorenz 
 and high mir 
 say. and perl 
 as seemed to 
 feelings were 
 you were to d 
 to ask for th 
 friendly advie( 
 me, whatever 
 tending it, leci 
 in, hotch-poic 
 be reduced to 
 to the danger 
 doinewhat les 
 
 [No. 184.] A' 
 
 New York 
 Mr. Benj. C. 
 deserves the > 
 
 " New Yoi 
 Maurice, A^ 
 and is worth; 
 
 Mr. Mauri 
 Jackson. 
 
 New Yorl 
 Abraham M 
 gladly se hir 
 Jackson. 
 MUS JOHI 
 
 Immediat 
 page of pap 
 
 " Dear Si 
 Custom ho 
 MEMORY 
 brother Ber 
 by a strong 
 ISA VAC 
 him a coini 
 
 [No. 
 .\Ir. Jacob 
 been one oj 
 AND AC^ 
 
 rATRONAGE 
 
 To Sam 
 tlemnn I s 
 an appoint 
 a few line 
 
sycophants and 
 y be a just ground 
 be in the train of 
 rcseiiig an honest 
 It. I was Dsuured 
 n with you at AU 
 tion from Albany 
 ge Duer, for Vice- 
 given somepruofg 
 at a loss to know 
 these men, and I 
 retain your pow- 
 
 py without reading 
 nabling nie to shew 
 as glad I wrote it. 
 endered that harm- 
 that the charac- 
 you could for one 
 qually surprised at 
 rote covering one to 
 with Mr. Hnmillon 
 last letter under th« 
 icnnsistent with my 
 inns or advice vpon 
 ement. 1 nin per- 
 no man living that 
 iitalion. I am very 
 pet that place, and 
 med. sjoea to JuHee 
 •etter be'S^candidate 
 r.ian that you would 
 0OPS to all the Clin- 
 insinuates this idea 
 udiors, enlists Diier, 
 1 Clinfonian!», and I 
 jpfiislature voted for 
 d become obnoxioui 
 emocrncv enough in 
 racy to that concern, 
 IV playing the same 
 to any so) — lie went 
 iin that he would be 
 ited. Mr. Duer had 
 [c told me on Tues- 
 inmifted on pnper." 
 Duer goes to Judge 
 
 ifTice of Attorney for 
 niiy dearcii of honor, 
 *rc on Saturday and 
 
 expectations of Mr. 
 file to say ani) thing 
 
 from you, though I 
 I a personal f'riend — 
 'nil ))artieH who have 
 iiir enemies. More 
 
 C Hnmilton ; your 
 DVE OF OFFICE, 
 rb^ in my letters to 
 
 / know THE FXACT 
 
 — tlipy are small and 
 led by those whom I 
 bout being aiarmed 
 d perteetnnce will 
 
 " I'vE GOT THE BOTTS, HIP-JOINT, GRAVEL, HALT, AND FOUNDERS." 219 
 
 one day or other find their value in the political market. These qualities I claim to possess, and 
 which I deem important ingredients iu forinin!; and which nearly make up a capital, on which 
 one can commence business on hid own account. It would grieve me as much arfd infinitely 
 more than it possibly could you to be under the necessity of ditfering so far as to lead to a sever- 
 ance of that friendship which I know has existed. You have the power to make me District 
 Attorney, but I could not sufficiently abhor myself if I was " to quarrel with you" for omitting 
 to do it. Yet if Mr. Duer is not removed or any but a democrat is appointed I should do vio- 
 lence to the principles you have taught me not to be dissatisfied ; and 1 do not think your nature 
 is so much changed as that you would require me to withhold the exprr ssion of that dissatisfac- 
 tion. Lorenzo tells me I had better abandon all ideas of political preferment till the coodics 
 and high minded have become exterminated. Perhaps he is right. I have said all I have to 
 say, and perhaps more than 1 should have said, but the ground upon which your letter places 
 lis seemed to require equal candor on my part. I will not attempt to disguise the tact that my 
 feelings were such toward you that I fancied I was entitled to know the principles upon which 
 you were to dispense your political power, and to be informed frankly whether it was expedient 
 to ask for the jdare of an obnoxious incumbent. The confidence I should have reposed in your 
 friendly advice, which I tliouuht myself entitled to, but which wiis withheld, would have satisfied 
 me, whatever it might have been. Your total silence on this subject, with the apprehension at- 
 tending it, led to the anxiety to be informed whether your friends and enemies were to be put 
 in, hotch-potch, without any more adhesive qualities than oil and water, and which could never 
 be reduced to a reasonable consistence. It was not inconsistent with my regard for you to point 
 to the danger of such a course : whether I have by so doing forfeited your confidence is a matter 
 somewhat lessened m importance to me, from a conviction ot the purity of my motives. 
 
 Yet, as I ever have been, Your friend, J. HOYT. 
 
 to 
 
 [No. 184.] Eecenue Offices dispensed in payment of Political services — for electioneering- 
 uphold needy families, b^c. — a Frimitivr Jackson-man ! 
 New York, 28 April, 182'J.-'ro the Collector of the Port of New York. — Sir: The bearer, 
 Mr. Benj. C. Burden, WAS ZEALOl.'SLY ENGAGED IN OUR LATE CONTEST and 
 deserves the apttoiniment he solicits, which I understand to be that of an Inspector. 
 
 I am, &c. C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 "New York, 30 April, 1890.— The collector of the Port of New York.— Sir: Mr. James 
 Maurice, AN OLD AND ACTIVE POLITICIAN, desires a station in our Custom House, 
 and is worthy of THE PATRONAGE of the government. C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 Mr. Maurice is a Republican of the old school, and a warm and devoted friend to Gen. 
 Jackson. JEROMUS JOHNSON— JOHN HILLYER— M. M. NOAH." 
 
 Here is another wonderful document — 
 New York, April 39th 1829. To S. Swartwout, Esq. We the undersigned doo recommend 
 Abraham Meserole, as a very suitable person for one of the Custom House Inspectors, and would 
 eladlv se him appointed, knowinu' 'nm ton allwnys having been a warm supporter of Gen'l. 
 Jackson. M. M. NOAH, H. I KFORD, WM. S. COE, JEREMIAH DODGE, JERO- 
 MUS JOHNSON." 
 
 Immediately below this, is the ibllowing rare and curious request, on the same sheet and 
 
 page of paper, 
 
 " Dear Sir When you have lensure, and take up the numerous applications for offices in the 
 
 Custom hiiuse fleparfment, I m^ike this memorandom FOR FEAR IT MAY ESCAPE YOUR 
 MEMORY, THAT MR. ABRAHAM MESEROLE IS A NEPHEW OF MINE. His 
 brother Bernard the Alderman of the 10th Ward, was a candidate for the office I fill, supported 
 by a strong p«tition of Jackson's friends — would take it as u particular t'livor, O* IF TflEUE 
 IS A VACANCY AFTER REMEMBERING YOUR RELATIVES. JTI if you would give 
 him a commission. Yours truly, JEROMUS JOHNSON. 
 
 [No. 185.1 C. C. Cambreleng to Collector Swartwout, New Yoric, 98 April, 1829.~Sir: 
 ,\Ir Jacob L Dickenson is, I understand, an applicant for the office of Inspector. Mr. D. has 
 hee'n one of our most uniform republicans, AND WAS DISTINCUISHED FOR HIS ZEAL 
 AND ACTIVITY IN OUR LATE CONTEST, ^o man deserves more than he does the 
 
 PATRONAGE OF HIS PARTT. C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 To Samuel Gouverneur, Postmaster, N. Y.— Dear Sir : The bearer, Mr. Wlmley, is the gen- 
 tleman I spoke to you -thoMt yest^iday— HE IS A VERY ACTIVE POLITICIAN, and wants 
 an appointment in the Custom House. You will confer a particular favor (.n me bv giving him 
 a few lines of recommendation to Mr. Swartvi^out. M. M. QUACKENB088. 
 
 ■ I 
 
 
 .:»(•! 
 
 V 
 
 ,1 
 
 '.-'l- 
 
920 
 
 THE KNAVE AND FOOl's TEST — WASSON, A JACKSON-MAN ! 
 
 be; 
 
 ■-;:;■•:•:■..,- 
 
 ■r-f 
 
 :r-^'- 
 
 /«" , , 
 
 -..V 
 
 M«m. (Handwriting of S. Swnrtwout.) — " Alexander Whaley is strongly recomrnendea by 
 Mangle M. Qijuciitiiboss. He is aho opposed to rurdy." [VVliuley yoi jjgl lUO a yeur.] 
 
 John Morris, " «n ardent and capable poliiiciaii," applied for his share (if the spoils to Colleo- 
 tor iSwdrtwoui, in lti3l, iinii.edi^tely after the close ol liis (Morrir^'s) political exertions at the 
 fall f-leciinn of that yur. lie was recomiiieruled by ihc signatures of John Yutts Cebra, Daniel 
 Jackson, C. P. White, Chas. Hiinry Hull, Waller Bowne, aiui Jeromus Johnson. Alderman Cebra 
 wrote his triend Hwariwout as lodows : " New York, Nov. 21, 1631. — Mr. Morris has for seve- 
 ral yearn been one of our must active and etlicient Jackson republicans in the liiat ward — and 
 Umw ACriVELY AND ZEALOUSLY engaged with us." 
 
 [No. 186.] William M. Price, to Samuid tiwiirtwout, Collector, N. Y. March 30, 1829.— 
 My Dear Sir : Alderm in Dickenson of the 13ih Ward is one of the primitive Jackson men.i 
 He is an upright, worthy tellow, and is withal very poor. He is an applicant fur an Inspector's 
 place, and 1 believe his appointment would be generally well received. 
 
 Yours truly, WILLIAM M. PRICE. 
 
 [No. 187.] Silas M. Stilwell, to Collector Swnrtwout, N. Y. 
 
 New Yoik,29 April, 1829. — Sir: I apply on behalf of Stli'iikn .Stilweli, for one of the un- 
 der olHces ill your gift — desiignaic the one you see proper. 1 stand re.'-ponsiblc for his capability. 
 He iS (ine of the oUI residemer.s of this city, nnd as deservina: aa nny in it — a thorough democrat 
 of '98, and A JACKSON REFORMKR from the beginning of the cuntest — a prisoner in the 
 Revolution — wealthy in lb(lO and 1814 — now without property, but always honorable — and 
 eaqual to any bu^«ne^9 attached to the duties of a Custom House officer. Until your perple.xiiig 
 season is over I expect not to see you — but rest assured, uiu'cr all circnmxliiucex, of my una- 
 bated devoiion and esteem. S. M. STILWELL. 
 [Remark. — Stephen went into office, at j!^1095 a year, in due course.] 
 
 /. Oakley, SwartwouVs security, endorses the too notorious George A. IVasson, 
 
 [No. 188.] J. Oakley to S. Swartwout, Collector of Customs, 2 Cedar St. 
 
 "April 28, 1829. — Dear Sir: Tlu're is a very deserving iiNin by ilie name of George A, 
 Wasson a measurer attached to the public store. 1 du not know tluit lie would, under any cir- 
 rumstances, be removed, as 1 understtind he has been a Jackson-nian, nnd was appointed 
 tlirough the influence of .Mr. Baldwin of Pittsburs, who is his friend. As it is u matter of great 
 importance to him, however, he hits requested me to speak to you on the subject. I wish you 
 would have the goodness, it his removal is contemplated, to let me sec you. Yours truly, 
 
 J OAKLEY. 
 
 P. S. Permit me to sugi^ost, by way of manifesting my regard for yourcomfoit, that yon had 
 better make the removals and appointments which you contemplate, at oucc. If you do net, 
 there will not be as much of you left in a few days as there was of the Kilkenny Cats." 
 
 [No. 189.] Commodore Isaac Chauncey to Cullertor Swartxcont — A very good sailor endorses a 
 
 cenj bad note. 
 
 Navy Yard, Brooklyn, May 1, 1829. — Dear Sir : Allow me to introduce to your notice, Mr, 
 George A. Wasson, who was appointed by Mr. [Jonaihaii] Thoniiismi aH inspector of the Cus- 
 toms, last Summer, partly by my solicitatior,. Mr. Wasson is a worthy man, in whose welfare 
 I feel much interest ; and is the individual that I sjioke to ymi about some time since. He will 
 relate to you his situation and wishes. If you can continue him in office you will not only 
 serve a worthy man BUT RETAIN A Gt)bD OFFICER, and confer u personal favor upon, 
 
 Dear Sir, your faithful friend, I. CHAUNCEY. 
 
 [No. 190] Jacob Birker, New York, to Lorenzo Hoyt, Albany. 
 
 New York, 1st May, 1H30. — Dhar Sir: You h.ive herewith recommendation of sundry per. 
 sons interested in the Bank of Washington and Warren. If Mr. Sliprman should he selected, 
 he will give Alderman Gideon Lpp nnd John R. H.'dley, Esqs.. as security — they are highly re- 
 spectable and responsible men. Alderman Lee is very rich. The names of some stocAholders 
 
 t nicken.snn's cn«e is nnnther illiintrntion of the dishonest, system of seloetin!.' revenue ofllner>i be(*nu«e of their po- 
 litical opinion«, nnd |)iiviii<;tliein fir their professinn of the principlos, or tlif>ir ndlierence to the men. that prove 
 succeMfiil. Dickenson writes Swiirtwcnit, Miirrh .'iO, IS'.M) Jiefnre it wiis ev.Mi known imlilu'lv thnt he wonlj he 
 collector.) " [n principle ami youl [ iini, Ihnoli (lod. .Incksan. nml tMl<e some llttl'- credit fur heinff n printiitlvo 
 one " Mntthew I, Davis writes PwMrlwoiit. tiiret'diiys mIut, ■• ll(?i< » (loiiiocrit, and sn|)|ioni>d Iheclectoriil ticket 
 thiitvotfd f irtionernl.Iackson." Aldennnn (,'ownn writes nnd tell* ."wnrlwonf, thnt " on the score of.liicksnni'tn he 
 1ms stron? rinims. iis he wns one of tlie lirst .liicksonConijn'tteoever ("iriiicd Im this ritv." Mr. Snmnel To»vnsend 
 auures him that Dickentun "has for a long time been ii .sirennniis supporter of the mnn whonow swavsthedeMir)let 
 r'. 9 Anerican people." Mr. Jesse Oakley certifies that D. " is cue of the original Jacikson men— not of the 
 •lov^uth hour." 
 
 htTe been meni 
 the aei of iiicor] 
 fore I hope that 
 
 Col. Dee 
 [No. 191.] 
 
 PORTSMOL'TII, 
 
 Mr. Jxhn Blan 
 take much pleat 
 place, and in ir 
 in mercantile ti 
 I have at all tii 
 and wAere it pt 
 lect to the lirst 
 llif. claims of oi 
 has been such i 
 successfully. I 
 (// the maligna 
 general sweep 
 man than this : 
 am already un 
 
 [Remarks.- 
 irracefully intei 
 tably in the CI 
 N. H.,in Apri 
 Buren's adven 
 
 iVebb and thi 
 Wire Pulle 
 the Press. 
 
 [No. 192 
 iiig New Yo 
 niise still goo( 
 lug Jackson 
 ' utter aston 
 in New Yorl 
 you again fro 
 up Butler for 
 
 [No. 
 terdny . I c 
 ocralic pniK- 
 here as in 
 Major M.)oi 
 are making 
 
 1£ 
 
 [No. 
 
 friends in tl 
 
 Crosweli. 
 
 New York 
 
 Mr. Camb! 
 
 of Mr. Bar 
 
 am sorely 
 
 portunity 
 
 to-day tha 
 
 would be 
 
 there and 
 
 lerests of 
 
 cient for 
 
 such patr 
 
 appointee 
 
 udopin 
 
Irecommendeu by 
 JO a yeur.] 
 
 le spoils to Coll«^o. 
 Ill exertions at the 
 ktt's Cebra, Daniel 
 I. Aldermun Cebra 
 1 arris has forseve- 
 l>e first ward — and 
 
 larch 30, 1829.-- 
 
 |vE Jackson men.t 
 
 for ail Inspector's 
 
 lM m. price. 
 
 for one of the un- 
 
 leforhiscnpability. 
 
 thorough democrat 
 
 —a prisoner in the 
 
 ys honorable — and 
 
 nil your perplexing 
 
 ■iiireii, of my una- 
 
 VI. STILWELL. 
 
 oiiisc] 
 
 .1. Wasmn. 
 ytidar St. 
 
 lanie of George A, 
 
 )uld, under any cir- 
 
 imd was appointed 
 
 is a mutter of great 
 
 subject. I wish you 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 .T OAKLEY. 
 
 Jinfort, I hat yoii had 
 
 i':c. If you do net, 
 
 cnny Cats." 
 
 od sailor endortes a 
 
 to your notice, Mr. 
 is-pector of the Cus- 
 1, in whose welfare 
 inc since. He will 
 you will not only 
 ersoiial favor upon, 
 :. CHAUNCEY. 
 
 ilion of sundry per. 
 
 "Iioiild be selected, 
 
 ■they are hig;Iil-' rc- 
 
 some Btocrtholders 
 
 srs bcraiioe of tlieir po- 
 f) tin; men, flmt provo 
 lii'lv thnt he wniili) Im 
 fur heins n primitivo 
 110(1 tlieclectoriillirket 
 '(lore (ir.lriRksnni'm h« 
 Ur. ^nrniiel To\vn«enrt 
 ow swnyg the debt iniet 
 lam meh^not of the 
 
 BENNETT, BAHITRR ANB BECATPB— A TAMMANY? TBEE PWESS. 
 
 221 
 
 have b#en mentioned, but as a question of liability will arise from the peculiar phraseology of 
 the a I' I of incorporation, 1 think n would be very unwise to iippomi ay party mteresied, there- 
 fore I hope that Mr. Luihrop or Mr. Sherman will be ; iipoiuied, or boih of tneni. 
 
 Yours sincerely, JACOB BARKER. 
 
 Col. Decatur, a worthless official, juslijien Cliutuii''s condemnation of his conduct. 
 [No. 191.] Col. John Uecaiur to Cullndor Swartwoiit. 
 
 PoRTSiMoUTU, May 4, lbi29. — Deiir Sir : This will be handed to you by my particular friend, 
 Mr. John Blunt, lately a resident of thi.s town. In making you acquniimd with Mr. Blunt, I 
 take much pleasure. He is a geniluinaii wno has been e.^-.tennvelv en^ngid in l)uajnesa in this 
 place, and m my otHcial duties, as Inie Naval Siore Keeper, h.ive been daily engaged with him 
 in mercantile transactions. For a number of years Mr. Biuni bus supplied our IN:ivy Yard, and 
 I have at all times found him prompt, energetic, and laithtul in the perform a ice of bis contracts ; 
 and wAere it possible for Mr. B. to reside witli us, 1 kii^w of no man whom I would sooner se- 
 lect to the (list office in my gift. Fur the last Jnitr yenr.i hr /(«,s' ((-lire:/! nnd niietilij adcncated 
 llm claims of our present worthy chief magistrate, and ilic rtpiiiaiiori iii:iiiiiaiiied by Mr. Blunt 
 has been such in this section of the country, that we truut liis laleiiis have not been engaged un. 
 successfully. Should it be necessary to have an assinlant rililur, to aid Mr. Nouh in warding 
 tiff the malignant shafts of the coalition party, which will lie nuide on i/ou, in consequence of the 
 general sweep which I presume you intend to make in your office, 1 know of no more suitable 
 man than this said Cod of mine, and I therefore request ilmt you will add one more oliligalion I 
 am already under, by giving him an appointment in thr Curium Jlmise. 
 
 Yours with p=teeiii and iifleeiion, DECATUR. 
 
 [Remarks. — Col. John P. Decatur, whom Gov. Clinton had exhibited to tiic world, iis very dis- 
 gracefully interfering in State elections some years before at Brooklyn, and who figured disrepu. 
 tably in the Chemical Bank trial, was appointed by General Jiickson, Colli cior of Portsmouth, 
 N. H., in April, 1829. In May, he wrote to his friend Swartwoiu as aoovi-. Jackson and Van 
 Buren's advent to power, was fortunate for jockies, jugglers, ganiblirs uiid Lilacklegs.] 
 
 IVebb and the Courier — Flagg, Wright and Croswell — an Editnr in lending strings to the 
 Wire Pullers of Tammany — What am I to do ? — Butler and TiObets — Making terms with 
 the Press. 
 
 [Three letters — Janieb Gordon Bennett to Jesse lloyt, N. Y.] 
 [No. 192.] Philadelphia, 7th June, 1829. — Dear i;'ir : When I first contemplated leav- 
 ing New York a few days, I promised to write you occasionally. Of course I consider the pro- 
 mise still good. I have been part of three days here, and have mixed a good deal with the lead- 
 ing Jackson men. They received the account of tiie Union ot ihe Enquirer and the Courier with 
 'utter astonishment.' So they told mc in express terms. 'I'liey cminot conceive how the party 
 in New York can repose confidence in Mr. Webb. Such is the seiiiimont here. I shall write 
 you again from Washington. In the meantime, will you do all you can about the paper ! Spur 
 up Butler for ho wants it. 1 am, Dear Sir, yours truly, JAMES G. BENNETT. 
 
 [No. 19.3.] Washington, 11 June, 1829. — Dear sir : I arrived here the day before yes- 
 terday , I called on Mr. Van Buien and Mr. Ingham. They nro boih in favor of the new Dem- 
 ocratic paper or the old one renovated. The feeling against the coalition runs about as strong 
 here as in New York. They knew it would be corrected by the public men in New York. 
 Major Miiore of Kentucky is here. He brings accounts from the west that some movements 
 are making of a curious nature between Judge McLean (late postmaster) and Mr. Clay. * * 
 
 J. G. BENNETT. 
 [No. 194.] Albany, 20ih July, 1829. — Dear Sir: Since I arrived here 1 have seen onr 
 friends in the Argii^ office and State department — I mean Major Flag:i, Mr. Wright, and Mr. 
 Croswell. They are very friendly, but they say they have heard little of our local matters in 
 New York, consequent on the sale of the Enquirer, with the exception of a passing remark from 
 Mr. Gambreleng, as he passed ihroiigh here a few weeks iigo. They speak in the highest terms 
 of Mr. Bamum, and assure me that he is every way ca,)able for tlie position in New York. I 
 am sorely puzzled to know what to do. Although our friends here think it a very favorable op- 
 portunity to start a new paper, yet they think a very hazardous experiment. They told nie 
 to-day that if the pa'ty had the control of the political course of the Courier and Enquirer, it 
 would be more eligible than a new paper. This they think could be done by placinj; an editor 
 there under the auspices of the General Commiltee — an f'Mitor who would tnke c.ire of the in- 
 terests o/ t/te parti/ a/ir/ j<s /rteHrfs. They are afraid that t!ie political paironage is not suffi- 
 cient for the support of a new paper, and they are of opinion that a jiniinal which now enjoys all 
 such patronage as the Courier and Enquirer ought to give up its columns to a political Editor 
 appointed by the General Committee. 1 wish you could gf t me oui of the.-e contradictory views 
 and opinions. If you and Mr. OAKLEY, and Mr. CODDINGTON, and a few oilier of our 
 
 .•;«' 
 
 If 
 
 I; 
 
 f ; 
 
 ^■. 
 
922 
 
 BENNETT, BURROWS, BUTLER, VAN BUREN, WEBB Ic MACKENZIE. 
 
 
 fry :;j,.^ ••- .' . ■ 
 
 1: 
 
 
 1 / • - r 
 
 Xk 
 
 I 
 
 friends could »e«;e u)Aa< course I shall take premous to my return, I DO NOT CARE WHAT IT 
 IS — 1 shall adopt it — I know it will be a proper course. Which is the best and cheapest mode 
 of expressing the views of tho party ? A new or an old paper. 1 shall he impatient for action 
 when I return. Now is the time to sow the seed. This is the spring of politics. The birds 
 are beginning to sing. I cannot resist those influences, and if you set yourself to work, I know 
 you can accomplish the matter to .» T. Do not call me a heretic, and a trif/ling fellow, becauRe 
 I have spoken thus much of C. and E. // it he heresy, then undoubtedly must head-quarters be 
 in a bad way. 
 
 On the evening before I left New York, I received a letter informing me that the Herald in- 
 tended to publish on Saturday morning last this — " The last rallying point of the Republican 
 Party has been surrendered, by the purchase by the Courier of the services and prospects of the 
 gentleman who was to have published the N. Y. State Enquirer, &c. &c. &c." I went to the 
 office of the Herald and told them it was imtrue, and forbid its publication. Snowden will tell 
 you the whole story. It appears that Mumford went to the Herald and told them the story. 
 Yon can see in this the finger of our friend BUTLER and Elisha Tibbets probably, who want to 
 wake as much mischief as possible. I hope old King Caucus will remember them, I shall 
 write nothing for the C. and E. during my tour — that you requested to do. Tell Mr. Oakley 
 that my next letter 1 shall write to him probably from the Springs. 
 
 I am, Dear Sir, yours truly, JAMES G. BENNETT. 
 
 P. S. — If you have any thing to say particularly in the course of this week write to BufTalo to 
 me. Mr. Croswell thinks that under present circumstances the Republican General Committee 
 can make their own terms with Webb and Tylee. Would not a private meeting of our friends 
 on the subject be a good first step? 
 
 Van Buren disclaims all knowledge of the revolutionary intentions ascribed to Mackenzie. 
 [No. 194a] Daniel Brent, to W. L. Mackenzie, York. U. C. 
 
 Department of State, Washington-, 28th .Tuly, 1830. Sir: Your letter of the first of thi^ 
 month to the Secretary on the subject of an article which appeared some time ago in the columns 
 of the New York Courier and Enquirer, and has since been republished in other public jour- 
 nals, both of Canada and the United States, with additional innuendos and particulars, was re- 
 ceived on the 18th instant ut this office, during his absence ; but I lost no time in communica- 
 ting its contents to him. The object of the article or articles referred to is, to indicate a visit tn 
 the United States and to this capital during the last summer, as connected with some revolution- 
 ary movement in the Canadas, in relation to which your agency was employed with the Fedc. 
 rai Government ; and you call upon the Secretary in his official capacity positively and decided- 
 ly to contradict it. 
 
 I have, accordingly, just received a letter from Mr. Van Buren, the Secretary, dated at Albany, 
 the 23d of this month, expressly authorising me to deny all knowledge of, or belief, on his part, in 
 the designs imputed to you, as I now have the honor of doing, and to state moreover, that he has 
 not the smallest ground for believing, that your visit had anything political for its «»bject. He 
 directs me also to add, that if the President were not likewise absent from the seat of Govern- 
 ment he is well persuaded he would readily concur in the declaration which I have thus had the ho. 
 nor of making in his behalf. I am, &c, DANIEL BRENT, Chief Clerk. 
 
 Silas E, Burrows and his schemes — Swartwout puffs hi::, lo General Jackson, of whom he was 
 long an adviser by the back stairs — iSi7a.» wants his Consul at Panama^ ifc. 
 
 [No. 194, b.] Collector Swartwout to General Andrew Jackson. 
 
 New York, loth August, 1829. Dear Sir: The accompanying letter has just been handed 
 to me by the enterprising and intelligenl writer of it, with a request that I would forward it to 
 you. Mr. Burrows has not his equal, in our City, for commercial enterprise. You will readily 
 perceive on perusing his communication, the extent and utility of the proposed line of communi- 
 cation between different and very distant parts of South America. It is really surprising that a 
 gentleman, sinttle handed and without the aid of the Government, should have projected and 
 actually carried into execution, such an extensive and very important operation. But his zeal is 
 not surpassed by his perfect independence of character. It was intimated to him a year or two 
 ago, that Government felt so deep an interest in this afTair, that they would be willing to contri. 
 bute largely towards its completion, but Mi Burrows, being a gentleman of fortune and great 
 pride of feeling, said NO. He preferred the whole expence and the whole credit of it, and he 
 will not swerve from that determination. All the aid he requires from Government, is the ap- 
 pointment of Mr. Everet as Consul at Panama, where there never was one before, and where 
 there aru no Americans residing at present. This appointment is important to him, for the sin- 
 gle reason, that he knowu that his commercial agent, if clothed with consular dignity and authority, 
 will be more respected, in that country particularly, than if he went there as a mere merchant. 
 The person selected, Mr. Everet, is active and intelligent, and a warm and zealoua friend of 
 ike present adminittratum. 
 
IKENZIE. 
 
 'CARE WHAT IT 
 It and cheapest inode 
 Vntpatient for action 
 Tpolitics. The birds 
 belf to work, I know 
 J/ling fellow, becoupe 
 just head-quarters be 
 
 |- that the Herald in- 
 
 pt of the Republican 
 
 J and prospects of the 
 
 l&c." I went to the 
 
 Snowden will tell 
 
 Ifold them the story. 
 
 Irobably, who want to 
 
 niber them. I shall 
 
 Tell Mr. Oakley 
 
 G. BENNETT. 
 
 k write to Buffalo to 
 
 General Committee 
 
 leeting of our friends 
 
 ibed to Mackenzie. 
 
 er of the first of thi« 
 
 lie ago in the columns 
 
 in other public jour- 
 
 d particulars, was re- 
 
 > time in communicn- 
 
 , to indicate a visit tn 
 
 with some revolution. 
 
 Jloyed with the Fedc. 
 
 )sitively and decided- 
 
 Jry, dated at Albany, 
 r belief, on his part, in 
 moreover, that he has 
 lil for its object. He 
 1 the scat of Goveni- 
 have thus had ihe ho. 
 :NT, Chief Clerk. 
 
 son, of whom he teas 
 anama, ifc. kS. 
 
 laB just been handed 
 would forward it to 
 2. You will readily 
 <ed line of communi- 
 illy surprising that a 
 have projected and 
 tion. But his zeal is 
 o him a year or two 
 be willing to contri. 
 / fortune and great 
 credit of it, and he 
 ernment, is the ap- 
 e before, and where 
 t to him, for the sin- 
 ignity and authority, 
 88 a mere merchant. 
 td zetUoua friend of 
 
 SWAlTWOtTT SEir» TO ADVANTASE — WARRING WITH FRA0D, 
 
 223 
 
 Independently of the merit of this Enterpriie, Mr. Burrown ia considfred, universally in our 
 City as one of the most upright, honorable and genUemanly men m the community. 1 am pf rson- 
 ally known to him, and I can assure your Excellency tiiai no man possesses more of my confi- 
 dence and esteem than Mr. Burrows. As this gentleman has aln ady done a great deal tor that 
 country which cannot (nil lo benefit his own, and which has, in (net alrfady benetitied it exceed- 
 ingly, he certainly merits the coLinteiiance o( Govt rniiuni. Thesteurn vessel which he has sent 
 thither, and which I visited in compmy with Mr. Moore, our niin-ster, beiore his departure, can- 
 not fail to increase the facilities o<'communicntion to iin extent certiiinly never before contemplated 
 by its inhabtnnis or by strangers iind whilst we have a minister there (ir im agent of Guvernment of 
 inferior rank, this little boat aloi ,e will be worth thousands of dollars annually to our Government 
 and its citizens. The request, therefore, of Mr. B., that Mr. Everet may be appointed a consul 
 where there never was one before, and where it is important that Mr. B. should have- an agent, and 
 where the Government of the United States will also soon require one is a very small request — 
 and I feel persuaded, your Excellency will consider it so reasonable and proper as to give it 
 your immediate sanction.t 
 
 The ' Eefurni' Appraisers, Cne if Co. dem-ribeil by Hwartwuut — Justice to the Merchants, OM 
 doled out by Bernard J. Messerole, Jcromus Johnson, Ichabod Prull, and the Custom House 
 Politicians of 1830 — Espionage boldly defended. 
 
 [Remarks. — I do not know whether the follovvins; letter, marked * Private,' is, or is not an 
 official document. If it is, it is perhaps the only one I have copied from Custom House manuscripts, 
 into this book. While I was copying it, Mr. Webber went down to Mr. Hunter, the assistant- 
 auditor, and told him what I was doin'^. Hunter went lo th(! auditor, Mr. Ogden, who said that 
 the Records were in charge of Mr. Bogardus— who, with Hiinttr, came up, stopt about twenty 
 minutes, but made no remarks. The original is among the old letters, &c. 
 
 In May and June. 1830, Jeromus Johnson, William S. Coc, npp'd April 181:29, and A. B. 
 Mead, went into office as appraisers at New York, iind Bernard J. Mes^serolc, D. L. Dodge, 
 Ichabod Prall, and Ben. Brewster, as assistant-ap\naiaer3. They were, nearly all, convenient, 
 plausible, serviceable party instruments ; pretenders to republican principles, of which they had 
 but little ; but grossly ignorant of the prices and qualities of goods which it was their duty to ex- 
 amine and value. Mr. Swartwout's letter, written three months after, shows how they conduct- 
 ed business The Mr. Gardner he speaks of was, / suppose, the Samuel S. Gardner, who had 
 been a deputy-collector under Thompson, Stephen .Mien, &c., and clerk to Receivers of the 
 Tradesmen's Bank in 182G. It could not have been D. (Jard/iier, the Inspector. By rewarding 
 worthless, artful, electioneering hacks to selfish party leaders, with very influential offices, the 
 duties of which are unconnected with politics, business sufi'ers, honesty is punished, undermined, 
 or crushed, and the public morals arc deeply injured, — W. L. M] 
 
 [No. 195.] Collector Swartwout to Secretary Ingham, Washington. 
 
 New York, 1st Sept. 1830. — Private. — Dear Sir : I am very sorry that the removal of Mr. Gar- 
 dner from the appraiser's office, should be considered by you as «» act of prr.iiinal hostility on 
 TKi/par^ or that of any other disinterested person. I have often inl'oriiieil yoa that Mr. Gard- 
 -NKR Assu.MED AT Ti.Mi;s> — or had it granted to him — of api'r.xisinl; Tin; MERCiiANnisi;, icAicA was 
 sent to the amnaiser's office, for vxuminnlion, and WHICH WAS CERTIFIKI) TO BY THE 
 APPRAISERS [sworn officers! !] WITHOUT THEIR HAVING SEEN THE GOODS. I 
 had even spoken to the appraisers about it. / saio it myself, and so reported it to you. I did 
 consider it, and do now consider it, a piece of gross asisuraiice on the pari of Mr. Gardner, and 
 of most culpable neglect an the part of the appraisers, I could not remedy it, and wrote you that 
 it was so. Was I lo blame for that ? But further. — Many merchants did complain to me of 
 Mr. Gardner's interference, while the appraisers were examining goods — and of his saying to 
 them such and such goods are too high — and tiie^ adopted iiis judgment. This was com- 
 plained of. 
 
 He was not a clerk, but styled himself un assistant to the appraisers. His constant occupa. 
 tion, to my knowledge, for I saw it daily, was to hand them goods, stating their value, and get. 
 
 t Kilns E. Burrow", (son of Enoch) and his history are well known in New Yurk. He npjiefrs to hnve heen 
 deeply concerned with Collector Swnrtwout. mid other deep speriilntors pnrt nfthiit linnd who jrined " in the gen- 
 eral «criinnble for plunder," which they so artfnilv cnvered np, in IS-.'8 — 0. with tlie cloiik of piil.inli-m. Binruws 
 got in debt, ami failed, but $10,000 of his creditors moans expemled on a tondi to the mother nl' Washington, a 
 show of patriotism, with a world of pulTs. Irom dwiirtwout and otlier>. hiid helped him uloi.g. lie went strong for 
 .Tiickson — nejotiated a loan for his very dear friend Noah — went with Swnrtwout as a conservative — and at the 
 Tallmadge dinner. New York .May 26. 1H4I, when Van IJnren's successor had gone to Ins last rest, toasted "John 
 Tyler, the disciple of .lefferson, the bosom friend of W. H. Harrison." In t^ept IM'.I or :10, Swartwuut enclosed to 
 Viin Ruren, llien .Sec'y of State, Burrow's correspondence with the Imrori Kriideiier, and iis^kcd s me hiph mark of 
 executive appridialion for him. " Mr. B. (said Swnrlwout) is one of our boldest and most deserving mercharts and 
 a gentleman of the noblest and most chlvalrick feelings — hence this prompt and generous conduct towaidi hi» un 
 fortunate fellow beings. But Ihe privote virtue* are so happily blended," &c. 
 
 j> i: 
 i ■ 
 
 
9M 
 
 AMER1C)»>' MERCHANTS PLUNDERED AT THE CUSTOM HOUSE. 
 
 ■■/ ■<' ■' 
 
 
 : ":*'.•■■ 
 
 ;i • 
 
 ting them to mark them accordingly. If auch conduct was right, I waa wrong in giving you 
 infurmation of it — not otherwise. 
 
 Again. — Mr. , a very respectable merchant, called upon me at my lodgings, to inform 
 
 me confidentmlly, (and men-hants will not give informaiion in any other way,) that gouda had 
 passed the appraisers the day before, AT A LESS DUTY BY 50 PER CENT than he had 
 paid for similar goods in the same vensel : and to convince me of ii, he hud bought a bale of the 
 very goods thus passed, and had them in his store, where he would shew me, and satisl'y me of 
 the truth of what he said, by marks nnd numbers. 1 did visit hia store, and found the facts, as 
 stated by him, to be true. On enquiring at the appraisers, I found that it iou8 Mr. Gardner 
 who had INFLUENCED the appraisers in their decision — and, so paramount was his authority 
 or , that his opinion prevailed — and this is not all. 
 
 The Book in which a Clerk in the appraiser's ofHce had recorded another decision, waa taken 
 from his desk, in his absence, and altered so as to correspond with his [Mr. Gardner's] own de- 
 cision. This was done, too, with the mtry, which was altered by the same person, to eorrts. 
 pond with the alterations in the Books. The Clerk in whose Books this was done, gave me 
 the information — secretly I admit, but not feloniously nor improperly. Th«y were no spies, but 
 honest clerks. 
 
 To show you that I waa disposed to do my duty, I SENT FOR MR. COE, one of the ap- 
 praisers, and informed him of it. He appeared to be very much shocked at the thing, and 
 promised me he would probe it to the bottom, let who would suffer. I told him I waa convinced 
 it was Mr. Gardner from all the circumstances, the hand-writing, the erasures, &c. — O" but I 
 never heard any thing more about it from the appraisers. This is what I meant by " infidelity 
 to his trust." 
 
 It was not necessary that you should do this act upon the faith of what I stated. Mr. Gard. 
 ner is nothing lo me, but / was obliged to notice hia conduct, and what they said of it, but you 
 were not compelled lo believe me or them. I am willing to make oath to what I have stated, 
 but I may not be able to get merchants to do the same. What took place in the appraiser's 
 office can be testified to by the clerks and others ; but they would do it with reluctance, I ap- 
 prehend, if the Treasury should attribute it to " improper passions." 
 
 I cannot give you the names of those who communicate to me cor\fidentially. I obtain in. 
 formation, daily something of great importance — secretly, to be sure, but I cannot divulge the 
 sources of it. I would rather not act than compromit my honor in a matter of such importance. 
 
 You appear to be surprised that Mr. Gardner is removed. I acted upon the authority of your 
 letter to remove him from the appraisers' office, and give him employment somewhere else. I 
 wrote to Mr. Gardner a very polite note, stating that I had the honor to enclose him a letter I 
 had that day received from the Treasury Department, and I also sent the original to the apprais- 
 ers. Mr. G. never came near me from that day to this. lie lef the appraisers, but did not ac- 
 cept the offer to be employed elsewhere, because he is rich, being worth, it is supposed, sixty 
 thousand dollars — and does not want and would not accept a subordinate situation elsewhere at 
 half his former salary. I am, &c., S. S. 
 
 [No. 196.] Churchill C. Cambreleng, M.C., to Jesse Hoyt, Albany. 
 
 Washington, 30th Dec, 1830. — Dear Sir: See our Engineer, Mr. Jervis, and see every man 
 who can aid our Branch Railway petition, or who will help us to give the Turnpike Company 
 its quietus. There is a secret about Judge Peck^s trial — the federal minority in the Senal*. 
 mean to sustain him — the case is an outrageous violation of the rights of a citizen. The Planet, 
 a new locomotive of Stevenson's, has gone from Liverpool to Manchester and back again in 60 
 minutes, including two minutes stoppage ! See the members of the Committee in the two 
 Houses — and let me know to whom I can send of our charters. 
 
 Sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 The Quartermaster Generalship — Prosper M. IVetmorc and the Flash Fire Co's. — Wetmore 
 and Webb candidates — the militia mixed up with party services — Webbs great military ex- 
 perience — Noah n candidate unknown to Webb — Wetmore denounced by Webb and Noah — 
 Sandford goes for Wetmore. 
 
 [No. 197.] Col. .Tames Watson Webb, N. Y., to Jesse Hovt, Esq., Albany. 
 
 Private. New York, Jany 8, 1831. 
 
 Dear Hoyt : A gentleman called upon me to-day and o.sked whether I would prefer being 
 Q'r. Master General to Lieut. Colonel of the Governor's Guard ; and proceeded to atate that 
 Bayard being absent in Florida, Prosfier M. Wetmore, was pushing very hard to be appointed 
 in hia stead. He informed me that Lawsoa had pledged himself to get it for him, and made a 
 visit to Albany last week, solely and exclusively on that account. He also told me what I did 
 not before know, that in consequence of WETMORE'S connexion with the " Life and Fire" 
 or some other such company, the 27th Regiment of Artillery compelled him to rtsign. He is 
 consequently obnoxious to the Military, many of whom turned their eyes to m»— not for 
 
 love, afTection 
 
 Wetmore only 
 
 Swartwout am 
 
 whether in h 
 
 wttter short, 
 
 (juty will be ie 
 
 the office, and 
 
 Biiion. Ten y 
 
 ;,ay, make niu 
 
 (>videnre of he 
 
 last I was elei 
 
 but one oifici'r 
 
 You know wh 
 
 fhroop last Si 
 
 as to consider 
 
 applicant sd 'c 
 
 to the followir 
 
 to ny person! 
 
 ser ice. 1 wr( 
 
 and Hubbard 
 
 any other you 
 
 delegation, ur 
 
 more. All w 
 
 make me pub 
 
 N. B. Yo 
 
 to.— W. 
 
 N. B, II 
 Selden.— W. 
 P. S. If] 
 to him. — W. 
 you will perc 
 enclose to tli 
 
 [No. 19 
 
 To His E 
 
 quence of A 
 
 ter General. 
 
 does not int 
 
 that the situ 
 
 event of his 
 
 applicant to 
 
 I may be c( 
 
 to be foun J 
 
 (ronpra', IV 
 
 have no otl 
 
 vernor's Gi 
 
 elected, toe 
 
 be known i 
 
 Military in 
 
 intimation 
 
 be promptl 
 
 me the fav 
 
 SUNDi 
 that his ni 
 Mr. Noah 
 do not sue 
 person 1 1 
 
 [No. 
 military 
 which wo 
 tary natu 
 re»dy 
 
OfSK. 
 long in giving you 
 
 lodgings, to inform 
 W,) that goods had 
 ENT than he had 
 Jiughl a bale of tlie 
 J, and sutisl'y me of 
 Ifuund the facts, as 
 I teas Mr. Gardner 
 It was his authority 
 
 lecision, was token 
 jJardner's] own de- 
 person, to corret. 
 ■was done, gave me 
 I were no spies, but 
 
 E, one of the ap. 
 
 at the thing, and 
 
 m I was convinced 
 
 ea, &c — O" but I 
 
 leant by " infidehty 
 
 stated. Mr. Gard. 
 
 said of it, but you 
 n'hat I have stated, 
 
 ill the appraiser's 
 th reluctance, I ap- 
 
 tally. I obtain in. 
 cannot divulge the 
 of such importance, 
 he authority of your 
 somewhere else. I 
 iclose him a letter I 
 ?inal to the apprais- 
 sers, but did not ac- 
 t is supposed, sixty 
 uation elsewhere at 
 t., S. S. 
 
 and see every man 
 Furnpike Company 
 rity in the Senaf: 
 izen. The Planet, 
 d back again in 60 
 imittee in the two 
 
 4MBRELENG. 
 
 'e Co'a.— Wetmore 
 great military ex- 
 Webb and Noah— 
 
 .Ibany. 
 
 . Jany 8, 1831. 
 ould prefer being 
 eded to state that 
 d to be appointed 
 ' him, and made a 
 old me what F did 
 " Life and Fire'* 
 to uaign. He is 
 > to me— not for 
 
 WKTMORE, WEBB, AND NOABf, RACINr, FOR A OtlT TITLE. 
 
 225 
 
 lovB, aflfpction or respect, but simply because th-y thousht I rotild difrnt Wetmorc. I know 
 Wetmore only as the nuihor of Lexington und other pofiic produciions, und a* the great gun of 
 Swartwout and Lnicson. I owu him no ill will, nor do I I't'cl ii incunilient upon me to osk 
 whether in bceking my own advimcement I tread upon his tufs or not. To cut the 
 niiitter short, I want In be Q'r. Planter Geiicrnl. It gives iw t/if niukof Brigndiir, and the 
 duly will be leas than that of my present appointiiieiit. Theru are no enrjluuieiita atinc.hed to 
 ihe office, and coi/sequpiitly even an Ed'tur iiiiiy hi- appointed without the censure of the oppo- 
 sition. Ten years of my lile spent in the army, qunlify itie for it, ;iiid I nny, without vanity, 
 ;,ay, make inc more competent to the dischurj;ii ol its duties than any other iipplicant. As an 
 cvidenne of how the Military estimate my army sorvicLs, I need only nu'iiiion iliat in January 
 iaiit I was elected Lieut. Colonel of the Guards, when in Albany, wiihoiit knowing personally 
 but one offieer of the Regiment, and this, too, withi)Ut my having been consulted on the subject. 
 You know what would liave been the consequence of my huvins^ come out for Root instead of 
 fhroop last Summer, and it will bp. somewhat strange if he refuse.^ tn gniiU so amnll a favor 
 at to consider me os icorthy of Ihe office as P. M. IVctmore. 1 do not wish to be known as an 
 applicant so 'ong as there is a possibility of defeat, and have therefore determined to write only 
 10 the following persons on this subject. From you I expect all you can do, nor would I write 
 to ny persons on such a subject unless I felt that I would be pleased to reniler them a similar 
 Iter ice. 1 wrote to Selden, C. L. Livin£;si(>n, the (Jnvcrnor, Li. Governor, Messrs. Dix, Tallmadge 
 and Hubbard of the Senate, and Fldmonds of the Imusc!. With any of these speak freelv, and to 
 any other you choose, but not to let it be known that I do apply unless I succeed. Caigyl of our 
 delegiition, und also Ostrander, are very friendly. In short. Do iis I would do by you — nothing 
 more. All well here, and 1 ben you to accept our thanks lor your letters, although you did 
 make me publish your hit at Monroe. Your friend, in haste, .IAS. WATSON WEBB. 
 
 N. B. You entirely misapprehended our remarks about Selden. Say it shall be attended 
 to.— W. 
 
 N. B. I have written to Edmonds telling him to call and ask to see this. — W. — also to 
 Selden.— W. 
 
 P. S. If I am not appointed W. must not get it — it will injure the Governor if he gives it 
 to him. — W. I enclose you the letter to the Governor, which read and hand to him. Noah 
 you will perceive has been named but he cares nothing about it. I do. Send all the letlera I 
 enclose to the persons to whom directed. 
 
 [No. 198.] Lieut. Col. Webb to Lieut. Governor Throop. 
 
 Office of the Courier and E.vquirer, New York, Jany. 8, 1831, 
 To His Excellency, &.c. — Dear Sir : I have learnt to day, for the first time, that in conse- 
 quence of Mr. Bayard's ol)s«'ncc, applications have been made lor the appointment of Qr. Mas. 
 ter General. I am not in possession of any facts which authorize me to say that Mr. Bayard 
 does not intend to return to the City ; on the contrary, he su.^i^ested about eighteen months since 
 that the situation would suit me — said he bad som(! idea of leaving the stale ; and that, in the 
 event of his doing so, he would let me forward his resignation, and at the same time become an 
 applicant to succeed him. If, however, it is in contemplation to appoint a successor, I beg that 
 I may be considered an applicant. Of my fitness for the situation, perhaps the best evidence is 
 to be founJ iu nearly ten years service in the U. S. Army ; with what reputation your Adjutant 
 (rpner.Tl, Maj' r Dix, can inform you. Of the value pl^icrd upon those services here. I 
 have no other evidence than my being ('lected, in .January last. Lieutenant Colonel of the Go- 
 vernor's Guard, by the otTieers of that Regiment, without being known to iuit one of them ; and 
 electi^d, too, wiihoui any previous consultation or information on the subject. It is not my wish to 
 be known as an applicant unless I succeed, and therefore 1 have not applied to the officers of the 
 Military in this City ; but if their recommendation is only necessary to ensure my success, an 
 intimation to that etfect to Mr. Hoyt, who is now in Albany, or to IMr. Selden, or Livingston, will 
 be promptly acted upon. I beg, Sir, that my claims may be considered, and that you will do 
 me the favor to inform some one of my friends of your determination. 
 
 I am, Sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, .TAS. WATSON WEBB. 
 
 SUNDAY MORNING — On showing this to Nonh, a few minutes since, he informed me 
 that his name has been used for this appointment, but that he is in lifierent about it. I consider 
 Mr. Noah as well qualified for the situation, and would be pleased o see him appointed if I do 
 do not succeed myself At all events, his appointment would be more popular than that of any 
 person I have heard named. Yours, &c. .T. W. WEBB. 
 
 [No. 199.] Dear Sir: You know well the delicacy of these military appointments among 
 military men. I am indilTerent, ns Mr. W. says, about it, but there are many circumstances 
 which would render THE APPOINTMENT OF COL. WET.MORK, both of a civil and mili- 
 tary nature, HIGHLY EXCEPTIONABLE. Several have spoken to me on this subject al- 
 ready ' Yours truly, M. M. NOAH. 
 
 'il 
 
 (|. 
 
986 
 
 THE ARMY, THE BANKS, THE CAMBIIELENOS, AND THE STOCIS. 
 
 •'!•':•■,'. 
 
 . :-K:' 
 
 
 .■••.V 
 
 
 l " . . 
 
 (No, 200.] C. W. Sandford. to Lieut. Col. J. W. Webb. 
 
 ThompBoii Street, tiaturdny Ev'g., Joa. 8. 
 Dear CoIoppI ■ I have just received yours of iliiw ul'teriioon, and regret sincerely ilmt I cannot 
 comply with yonr r' qufSt to address the Governor in favor of your appliLution for tlie appointment 
 ofQr. Master Generul — simply because, before iieiiring of your being a candidaif*, at the request 
 ot 8ome friends of Col. VVeiniore, I wrote to His fcixcellency in his behalf. Had 1 known you wer? 
 an applicant 1 would unquestionably have advocated your appointment — your practical military 
 education and experience having given you great advantages (which you have well used) in ac- 
 quiring information in military affairs. But having already addressed the Goverror, I cannot 
 with any delicacy or proprioty, intrude myself again on this subject. 
 
 Yours very truly, C. W, SANDFORD. 
 
 [No. 201.] R. H. Nevina, Broker, Wall Street, to Jesse Hoyt, at Albony, dated New York 
 
 14th .Ian>. 1831. 
 " Dear Hoyt — I must trouble you to lit nie know, whether our Banks, now being willing to 
 take renewals of their Charters on the terms offered to them last winter, will all bo able to get 
 them ? It was predicted by some persons that some of them might not have another chance. 
 And as to a new Trust Co. — do you think that an application from a very respectable list of peti. 
 tionera will succeed in gelling a Charter similar to the one granted at the last session? ] shall 
 be much obliged for your opinion on the obove, or on any other subjects that may have to do 
 with Wall street. I am willing to run the risk of your opinions, and I hereby bind myself not, 
 either by word, deed, or look, to manifest any niortitication or disappointment should any bad 
 result come of your advices. I hold considerable Life and Trust Co. titock, which will rise or 
 fall probably when the question is settled about oilier charters. 
 
 Yours very sincerely, R. H. NEVINS." 
 
 [No. 202 ] Frederick A. Tracy to Jesse Hoyt, .\lbany. 
 
 New Yohk, Jan. 26, 1831. — Yours of the 2:2d inst. did not reach me yesterday till late in 
 the day, so that nothing could be done. To. day, ot the Bonrd, it wna not my luck to get hold 
 of any of this stock, altho' some sales were made at from !(tl j to D? J— but I have some prospect 
 of concluding a bargain for 300 shares. If 1 make any purchases it will he for vour account 
 solely, as I think the stock high. FRED'K. A.' TRACY. 
 
 [No. 203.] Chur'-hill C. Canibrelemr, M. C, to .Tesse Hoyt, N. Y. 
 
 Washington, 10 Feb. 1831. — Dear H : Tlie Senate only wait fir our slow Committee 
 
 on Foreign Relations to get up and pass the bill organizing the [Danisli ?] ConTnission there 
 
 is no other difficulty that I havi* heard of. Simpson's nomination may encounter opposition 
 but I have heard ofnone. I differ in opinion wii'i our Directors, ab mt the sir at importance of 
 a branch line, as it regardu our ow.n lnteri^t — that lies at the eastern lerniination — we wish, 
 however, to accommodate Albany, hut if the two sections of the town quarrel among theni. 
 selves and defeat our bill we cant help it. The northern part of the town will suffer, and the 
 southern part will be benefited by our haviiitr no branch. We sh ill earrv the business where- 
 ver our road goes. Combinations of t'racments cant hurt us in general politics — incorporation 
 matters we shall eternally have local divisions. In t,'cneral divisions we have none to fight hut 
 Clay's friends — and we have Old Hickory airninst him. Between ourselves, I don't care 
 two and sixpence about having a branch line passed — we can get alon!: well enough without it. 
 Next year the people of Allmny will c glad enough to present the petition themselves — it's in- 
 finitely more important to them than to ns. 
 
 Very sincerely your friend, C. C. CAMBRF.LENG. 
 
 [No. 204.] Silas M. Slilwell, Albany, to .lesse Hoyt, New York. 
 
 Albany, \^ Feb. 1831. — Dear Hoyt: Yonr fivors have reached ine, and I hasten to answer 
 them. The name of Stf.vhf.n CAMiiRF.r.F.NO has hoeii sent into the Senate. 1 give you this in. 
 formation because I know f-oni yonr letter that it will plens,- voii, and bec-mse I like to please 
 you — but I am hound to say that nl'hnueh I have no objection to Cninlir''|ene. yet I gave Van 
 Wyck the preferenrp — and if I could h''ve hntl niv way — ifpersoniij weic'it "nl nnxietv of feel. 
 ine conld have given the office to Van Wyek. so far as rel.ites to me le would have had it. 
 Van Wyck i« my I'riend — I owe him much friend-hip. This yon know — and nf cour'-" he wns 
 mvman. T have been defeited, and Ihave the conso'ation that you will be p!»Ti"d. n"d that 
 Camb''eleng is a clever fellow. I am vour friend. S. M. STILWELL. 
 
 Thinks Cnlhniin sntne ' pnnr thriVx rliifif' — T'";;- '7;/r'"' !>kf<ril to tJipli's^'.ifpiritfrl'hor*e 
 
 Spenihttors fo be put down — Throop's nomination of Vice Cfinncellor McCoun hangs heavy 
 in the Sfnnte. 
 
 (No. 20.'> ] D'ldlev S.'ld. n, M C &f;. to .Tes»p ITnvt, N. York. 
 At.bany, March 4, 18.? I. —My Dear Hnyt : My friend's leffnra have not perhaps been an. 
 •wf red as soon as he thinks they ought— but 1 have not been able to read them yet — and a inao 
 
 is ceriainljr 
 
 he has peru: 
 
 You need 
 
 • » » ♦ 
 
 that he had 
 gious folly I 
 teems to ha 
 am glad th< 
 and expuaeti 
 
 No news 
 in sending i 
 will, if I cat 
 
 McCoun 
 per withdrew 
 
 Helden a mt 
 [No. 2f 
 
 Al.BA.NV, 
 
 begins to pn 
 of my Bill o 
 the Financei 
 that report \ 
 mined the w 
 thy fellow. 
 
 THERE IS BUI 
 
 We should t 
 cannot prese 
 than Selden 
 pleasure. I 
 
 CIOUS VUFF / 
 
 friend's reji 
 know yon ti 
 can do for \i 
 report. I in 
 portunity ofl 
 intention toj 
 dom fail in] 
 can be carrl 
 return homi 
 constantly,! 
 — and be al 
 
 [No. 
 
 SavannJ 
 would obsJ 
 to close thi 
 handsome I 
 
 To-day| 
 low. Tbf 
 day's mai( 
 part of yo 
 On the co| 
 will perce 
 extinguisti 
 very necJ 
 afeio dal 
 
 ExtraI 
 " have ei 
 "PLACj 
 " you wil 
 " were hi 
 
3KII. 
 
 JUDICfOrS PUFFS TO POTOBf AND THE POLITIcrANS. BASSWOOD, 
 
 227 
 
 ly Ev'g., Jon. 8, 
 
 srely thut I cannot 
 
 JT tlie appointment 
 
 llate, at the request 
 
 1 known you wer? 
 
 Ir practical military 
 
 le well used) in ac- 
 
 poverror, I cannot 
 
 [. SANDFORD. 
 dated New York, 
 
 »w beinij willing to 
 ill all be able to gKt 
 Ive nnoilier chance. 
 Ipectabie list of peti. 
 Ist session ? ] shall 
 [hat may have to do 
 ;by bind myself not, 
 icnt should any bad 
 whidi will rise or 
 
 R. H. NEVINS." 
 
 Yesterday till late in 
 my luck to get hold 
 
 [ have Slime prospect 
 1)0 for vour account 
 
 DK. A. TRACY. 
 
 Y. 
 
 our (slow Committee 
 1 Coinnipsion — there 
 ■ncounicr opposition, 
 i- strnt importance of 
 'rniiiiation — we wish, 
 unrrcl lunong them. 
 
 I will suffer, and the 
 the hiipiiirss where- 
 
 iliiirs — in corporntion 
 ivp tioHP to fight but 
 selves, I don't care 
 
 II eiiouijh without it. 
 I themselves — it's in- 
 
 CAMURF.LENG. 
 
 d f linsfen to answer 
 1 ffivp you this in. 
 •■'Use I like to please 
 lens, yet I gave Van 
 I "nl nn.xietv of feel. 
 
 woiilil hiivp hai) it. 
 111(1 iif cnur>-«> he wns 
 i(. ploTo..,!. ti"H that 
 
 M. STILWELL. 
 
 h'jjh.Rpiriteif hor*e — 
 IcCoun hangs heavy 
 
 t ppfhaps been an. 
 lem yet — and a man 
 
 is certainly entitled tu be praised for his punctuality who makes his rettirn to a letter as soon as 
 he ha.s perused it. 
 
 You need not endorse ' cmifidrniiol' on any of your coinniunicaiions to Livin!;«on or Stilwell 
 *•*♦•* (III rending Cai.ikil.m'.s riii inKpciKlincc, / matlf up my mind very aoon 
 that he had been the dupr oj some poor ilecil behind the rnrtnin, and had exhibited most egre. 
 gious folly ill being caunht. Your auccennjul competitor fur " high place [J. A. flumilton ?] 
 teems tu have been the most conspicuous man in bringing up thin bij.gouc trannactiun — and I 
 am glad thai Mr. Va.s Bure.v, like the hishsprited horse, han shaken the dew Jromhia mane, 
 and exposed the rogue tu be tukfin. 
 
 No news here. Your kind etlorts of the D. and H. are duly appreciated. I felt satisfied that 
 in sending nie the little piniiphlct, your whole oliject was the ptiblie (^ood. Su is mine — and / 
 will, if I can.^ive the rascally speculators upon time a thrust under the short ribs. 
 
 McCoun [Vice Chuiicelloi] haiiqs heavy in the denote. I know not why. As soon as Slee- 
 per withdrew (and so I read liis letter to the Chuncellor^ 1 have aided him all I could. 
 
 Yours truly, DUDLEY SELDEN. 
 
 iSelden a man of talent — First rate Democratic timber a srarre commodity — ' a judicious puff' 
 — thanks the Courier an I Enquirer. — Lobbying from within. 
 [No. aOli.] Silas M. Stilwell to Jesse Moyt, New York. 
 
 Alba-nv, 7 Mnrch 1831. Denr Hoyt ; Ishoiild litivc writti n you before, but that business 
 begins to press upon us of the city, more and more — and ngnin you know we are in the midst 
 of my Bill on Imprisonment. I have great hopes. You have doubtless --epn Selden's report on 
 the Finances, &,c. You may depend there is an exhibition of talent and business habits about 
 that report which is worthy of all commendation — Seklen is a man of talent — and I am deter- 
 mined the world shall know it. Nothing gives nio greater pltasure than to back a clever wor- 
 thy fellow. I can look the world in the Icce and say he is honest, he is capable. You know 
 
 THERE IS BUT MTTI.E FIRST RATE TIMBER IN THE DEMOrRATIC RA.NKS, THAT HAS BEEN DISCOVERED. 
 
 We should therefore prize what we have the more. But I am inclined to think that your bar 
 cannot present to us one who (if hacked by bis friends) will he n irrenter ornament to the party 
 than Selden. I will not speak more on the subject, nitho' there is no topic which yields me more 
 pleasure. Now permit mo to say that nothing will help a political friend so much as a judi- 
 cious I'UFF through a party paper. Never tons there a finer opportunity, and I commit our 
 friend's repulationin that respect to you. Hovf, remember, we np"er can do too much (and I 
 know yon think so) for a warm hearted, talented friend. Be judirious, and let us see what we 
 can do for him. 1 was much sratified on seeing in the Courier and Enquirer, a notice of my 
 report. I ma^t think better of that establishment t i;m I have done, niid will take ;he first op- 
 portunity of assiirinn th(i«e concerned that I cannot h. outdone in frenerBUs conduct. It is my 
 intenti>>n to back Selden to the utmost of my ability in the fax proposed — and you know T sel- 
 dom fail in my undertakings, for what cannot be done by argument and conduct in the House 
 can be carried hy activity and clevrrne!is out doors. I feel very anxious to get through and 
 return home ; this business is a great saerifiee to me ; and did I not employ my mind and body 
 constantly, I should not be able to remain here. Let me hear from you. I write in great haste 
 — and be assured I remain, with great respect and esteem, your friend, S. M. STILWELL. 
 
 McAllister of Georgia, and the Gold Mine of New Potosi. 
 
 [No. 207.] R. J. Arnold and M. II. McAllister to Jesse Hoyt, Wall street. 
 
 Savannah, May l.'i, 18.31. — Dear Sir: Your favor of the oth inst. is received. In reply, wc 
 would observe that our Mr. Arnold sails for New Yo'k on the 2.3d inst., and will be authorised 
 to close this business upon the terms he may think best. Tho' what part is sold, must be at a 
 handsome profit, for every day we are receiving more favorable accounts from the Mine. 
 
 To-day McAllister received a letter from the Gold Region ; an extract from it will be given be- 
 low. Theteport alluded to in your letter from the Doctor, will no doubt come to hand by to- 
 day's mail. We shall wait with anxiety until it is received. In the meantime we note that 
 part of your letter which requests us not to interest any person here. This has not heen done. 
 On the contrary, every iierson here is ignorant of our being interested in the Potosi mine. You 
 will perceive by the extract from the letter above alluded to, that the claim has no* as yet, been 
 extinguished, although we so considered it the last tinip we wrote Mr. Watd. i is therefore 
 very necessary that this business be kept an entire secret for the present. McAllister will, in 
 afeto days, as soon as the Court rises, smrt for the Gold Resion. 
 
 R. J. ARNOLD, M. H. McALLISTER. 
 
 Extract. — " With iPCTrd to the claim on Pntnsi, they wish to hold on, on account that they 
 " have examined the mine more thnroushlv, and find it much hetter than thev expected. THAT 
 "PLACE IS THE MOST ASTONISHING IN ALL THE GOLD REGION ; and I hope 
 " you will believe me when I say its prospects are very much more flattering than when you 
 " were here— in the language of the writer, 50 per cent better." 
 
 5. 
 
■\5' 
 
 228 
 
 Omi NAVY. S33,500'S WORTH OF ALBANV REGENCY BAIT. 
 
 V ;... '., 
 
 r ■.,.•■ 
 
 
 I'- 
 
 .' t. . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 ' ' ' 
 
 
 ■»' 
 
 
 ? 
 
 ■ r 
 
 PwiUng in the Naval Service — Sioarttoont wants hie Nephew sent ahead of his Seniora. The 
 
 way a thing might he done. 
 [No. 208] Collector Swartwout to Levi Woodbury, Secretary of the Navy, Washington. 
 New York, 28th May, 1831.— Sir : This letter will be handed to you by Samuel Smith 
 Swartwouf, my nephew, at prcwcnt a passed niidshipmnn in the U. S. Navy. This young gen- 
 tleman entered as midshipman the lOih May, 1820. He was entitled by law, to an examination 
 in 1828, but being absent on duty, he did not offer till January, 1829. HI health and extreme 
 diffidence lost him the opinion of the Board, and lie was rejected. This unfortunate mishap pro. 
 duced so much distress, that, on a second trial, from mere embarrasament alone, he failed again ; 
 but the Board, as well as the Secretary of the Navy, from his known talents as an officer, deter- 
 mined to encourage him to make a manly effort to overcome a constitutional defect; and he has 
 recently passed an excellent and most creditable examination, and now presents himself to the 
 Secretary in the expectation that he will be placed as several officers similarly situated hereto- 
 fore have been, upon active duty as a Lieutenant, it is also greatly to be desired, if consistent 
 with the regulations of the Niivi,. ihat his commission as Lieutenant, when issued, siiould take 
 date with those of the midshipmen whose warrants bear date with his own, but who passed in 
 1828 The private character of Midshipman Swarf/out is irreproachable, and his honor unim- 
 peached. He will explam more fully to you, in person, the causes of Ais /ai/i/re to pass in 1828, 
 and give you such other information as may bo of consequence for you to know. S. S. 
 
 Railroads — Tiirnjiikcs — Huyl and Cambrelerig. 
 [No. 209.] C. C. CnmbreleniT. M. C, to .le.^se Hoyi, Now York. 
 
 Albany, 22d August, 1831. — Dear Sir: I am informed about the turnpike movement. The 
 stock was appraised at 20 per cent, and the charter wiis valued at $10,000, making in all about 
 $33,300 — about a fair valuation. The disiributlon of the new sioek not yet made. That dis- 
 tribution will give offence. Si.i le of the Directors are anxious to push on wiih thu road^-others 
 arc for compromising with our company. The latter have most money, but the result is uncer- 
 tain. When they see our locoinoiive in operation ihey will abandon their plan of a turnpike and 
 rail-road. We should have no trouble wiih it ut all ; but there are some who want merely to 
 make a BUBBLE of it and take in honest men. I have a perfect understanding with Mr. Corn- 
 ing, and if he can in the distribution cet a majority, or a controul of it, wc shall compromise the 
 matter. In the meantime we have advertised for ti branch line, and Mr. French is privately at 
 work, getting the consent of owners of prciperty throiipih which the line will pass. If no compro' 
 mise should be made, wc will make them a pri)po,siiion which will give satisfaction to nine-tenths 
 of the people of Albany, and send the sperulalors in the new stork with a bad grace to the lo. 
 gislature. But after all, they must keep up the turnpike, and thru kills their rail-niad project at 
 once. The two never can be combined without tiinkinit the cni)ital laid out in both. We shall 
 have our locomotive at work Uy the end of the week. The boiler went back to the road to.day. 
 Ours will be an immense stock. 1 am certain we shall next year averu^e about 800 a day. 
 
 Sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 
 Mr. McAllister condemns the Democratic f.oiislatnre of Georgia, as stupid, envious and igno. 
 
 rant— J, M. Berrien's efforts to enlighten them — effort to obtain xpecial pricileges for Hoyt's 
 
 gold mine, New Polosi — IV/ii/ should rii'porntionsi p'ly their debts ^ Checks on party legis. 
 
 lation— McAllister swears at 'em! — Purgatory — The asses who bray fur the public. 
 [No. 210.] M. H. McAllister, of r.enriiia, to Ward and H..yt, New York. 
 
 M11.LEDOEVILLE, [Georgia.] Nov. 27 11^31.— Ontlenien : All is orer. 1 have just come from 
 the State House. After a striisrgle of three days in the Senate, wherein nil unremitted and hot 
 debate has been maintained from morniiie until niijlit, for two days, we have failed in our object 
 of obtaining an Act of Incorporation. The intelligence of the Sennie has been beaten by the 
 ignorant-wise, grass-fed members who comprise a larce 'nnjoritv of the Ijet'iilatiire. No effort 
 has been pretermitted, no exertion spared. Berrien in behalf of the T'lrod. Miirrav in behalf of 
 Beers, Booth, and St. .lohn, and ourselves, have all made united and untiring exertions, but nil in 
 vain. Against US the prejudice is unsparinc Thev si:v that the Rlrod people have but the 
 lease of one mine, whereas we have monopoli/ed a creai and valuable ininin'j interest ; and to 
 incorporate us would be to hold out an iudiieenient to northern men to emhaik in it; and the 
 effect of their einbarkinw to work the interest would lie to create an immen'se monied interest in 
 the Statfi, which would revolutionize its polities. The Cl'irk men, with a f^w exceptions, opposed 
 it with df-ndly ho«tility. The body of the opposite party went for the charter. Fourteen >ir(;u. 
 ments were suhmiited to the Senate, \.y as many of the most ili lui'ruished men in 'he H.iuse, 
 and altho' but two sp;ke asninst the Bill, such was the daiiuerappn bended fr. m our immense 
 wealth (that is to b.) th'tt thu Hill was vi.ied down. I cannot Imve patience to wri'e or »peak 
 deliberately on the subject. For three weeks, day and night, our rxertKins, together with the 
 
 1 C«n III! he the Mmihew Hull Mc Allinier who wiis Dis. Aitv. fur Oeorglii, and more recently a Democratic cbb- 
 didittr fur the uffice or Uuvernur ) 
 
 A G£OR( 
 
 iforta of many 
 finyed — all in 
 ISa ENVY C 
 lor the obtainm 
 the 25th) our 
 IMS proposed ' 
 .orporation." 
 I were sustainc 
 iY BEING 1 
 jniurday — the 
 advocates of th 
 fhe arguments 
 let of men in 1 
 vould be to mc 
 I man. The 
 liiree votes. 1 
 he hope of ult 
 s majority of « 
 iriends and opp 
 nire, as many 
 titers were re 
 Kiting against 
 Sill has to be 
 ■ns made kno 
 iimi we were ^ 
 «liole of Monc 
 :!ie whole num 
 hibited in a Si 
 ot the day to « 
 Dr. Baber, om 
 vocateB of our 
 apun the subjei 
 ■or PoTOSi son 
 There is no d 
 otherwise tha 
 
 his worse tlu 
 wife nor my \ 
 adopted to wc 
 when I next 
 PUBLIC at 
 tax of two pi 
 \n be a corpor 
 induced the 
 " between then 
 as such, than 
 brose Baber, 
 made liable. 
 (2 o'clock, 
 
 Van Burt 
 [No. 21 
 
 LoNDO.V, I 
 
 '.lienewspapt 
 mid auspicio 
 the utter hoj 
 iheir wonted 
 a fair chanc 
 
 I was not 
 LY ARRIV 
 
 There is n 
 out doubt, p 
 iu constant 
 losKned out 
 
BAIT. 
 
 of his Seniors. The 
 
 e Navy, Washington. 
 on by Satnuel Smith 
 'y. This young gen- 
 w, to nil examination 
 health and extreme 
 fortunate mishap pro. 
 lone, he failed again ; 
 3 as an officer, deter- 
 al defect ; and he has 
 iresents himself to the 
 larly sit.wited hereto- 
 desired, if consistent 
 en issued, should take 
 n, lint itho passed in 
 , and his honor unim- 
 iliire to pass in 1828, 
 know. S, S. 
 
 like movement. The 
 
 ), making in nil about 
 
 yet made. That die- 
 
 with the road— others 
 
 ut the result is uncer- 
 
 plan of a turnpike and 
 
 who want merely to 
 
 ndlnt; with Mr. Corn- 
 
 shnll compromise the 
 
 French is privately at 
 
 |l pass. If no compro- 
 
 isfaction to nine.ienths 
 
 a bnd grace to the lo. 
 
 ir rnil-road project at 
 
 lilt in both. We shall 
 
 ck to I he road to.day. 
 
 about 800 a day. 
 
 CAMBRELENG. 
 
 niil, envious and igno. 
 I pricileges for Hoyt's 
 Checks on party legis. 
 V fur thr public. 
 ew York. 
 
 1 have jupf come from 
 Ml unremitted and hot 
 vp failed in our object 
 IS been beaten by the 
 firi-latiire. No effort 
 
 Murrnv in behalf of 
 Iff exertions, but nil in 
 
 people have but the 
 niuL' intpfpst ; nnd to 
 ■mbntk in it ; nnd the 
 T<e monied interest in 
 w exceptions, opposed 
 rter. Fourteen 'irifu. 
 d men in 'he House, 
 ed fri m our immense 
 ire to write or »penk 
 ns, together with the 
 
 icentty a DemoeraUQ c«n- 
 
 
 !■ 
 
 A GEORGIA tEGrgLATURE, OR < THE ASSES WHO BRAY FOR THE PUBLIC.' 229 
 
 iforts of many of the leading men in the Senate, backed by Berrien, have been unceasingly em- 
 fioyed—all in vain. THE BESO . ::D IGNOUANCE AND THE BLIND AND FOOL- 
 ISH ENVy OF THE MA-IORl''. Y have curried the day. 1 have never laboured so severely 
 lor the obtainment of any object as of this, and am pro[)oriioiial>ly, dis,ipt>oinied. On Saturday 
 ihe 25ih) our bill was taken up by sections. On coiiiinij to the rind Mreiion an amendment 
 pis proposed " to make the inditstdunl property of rach Stockholder liiible for the debt of the 
 forporation." On this motion the struggle took plarr, as the advocnies of liie Hill knew that if 
 twere sustained there was an end to the Bill, as THE ONLY OB.IECT CONTEMPLATED 
 iY BEING INCORPORATED WOULD BE DKFl^ATEU. The discussion continued all 
 jaiurday — the excitement was greater than on any question whicli has arisen this Hcssion. The 
 advocates of the Bill urged every consideration that men could express ; but all lo no purpose. 
 The arguments of the opponents to the Bill wert;, that we had an interest too valuable for any 
 fci of men in this state, and to induce capitalists to work it by giviiii,' ini act of incorporation 
 vould be to make us dangerous to the State, &c. Such stull" never before issued from ihe mouth 
 I'rnan. The yeas and nays on the motion were called, and it was sustaiiit'd by a majority of 
 uiree votes. This small majority (there beint; 7G Senators) inspired the fi lends of flie Bill with 
 he hope of ultimate succes:^ — they moved for an immediate adjournment, which was carried by 
 a majority of one. Saturday night and Sunday were consumed bv the nnitual etlorts of the 
 :nends and opponents of the Bill in canvassinif for and niiainsi it. Mondmi morning wc felt se- 
 mre.asmanyas SEVEN MEMBERS HAVLNG HllEN (iAINKD OVEll ; when behold! 
 t'.ters were received by o. number of the mt mbi rs of Utilh IIunst:s from their constituents, pro. 
 kiting against their extending legislalicc protection to us. By the rules of the House, every 
 Edl has to be published for a certain time previondy to a third reading ; and thus our eHbrt 
 '.vas made known to the people, who itistead of regarding the iiuitier in lis true light determined 
 liial we were going to swallt)w them alive. These leiieis determined the fute of our Bill. The 
 whole of Monday (this day) bus been consumed by the intLlligent nieiiil)erH (about twenty out of 
 
 ;!ie whole number) in contending against prejudice, ignorance, and the d t folly ever ex- 
 
 iibited in a Senate Chamber; but all in vain ; and 1 have just strength enough alter the latigue 
 ot the day to write you this much. Berrien is wilting the laie of the Bill to Mr. Bolton. * * * « 
 Dr. Baber, one of the most intelligent members of the Senate nnd one of the most active ad- 
 looatee of our Act, will write you from time to lime as to any thing iliat may arise hereafter 
 apun the subject of our Bill. 1 leave this infernal place ^<-morrow niorinng. Arnold lift here 
 :'iir PoTOSi some few days since. I wrote you about the title to ilie Keith Mine — that it was 
 There is no difficulty about title to any of our lots, and thank God for this! for I believe 
 vtherwise that this rascally apology for a Legislature wmdd take them away if they could. 
 « « « # » * J pm, |g|| y„|, ||,.,( jj- fiiiy Qiig uj- yfiii ]i„fi i,f,,<ii j,) /I,,' siluution I have been in 
 
 this worse than Purgatory, you would expresj no such surprise. I hnve not written to my 
 wife nor my partner. * * * * \ Mr. Dickson has submitted to me the plan the English liave 
 adopted to work mines in Mexico, where then have no incorpnrntion-i ; 1 will submit the same 
 when I next write you. TO INDUCE THE ASSES HERE WHO BRAY FOR THE 
 PUBLIC at the expense of $4 per diem, to puss our Bill., everything was gi%)e.n up, " and a 
 tax of two per centum on the nett profits, nay five per centum was offered. '" We asked simply 
 in be a corporate body, and this they denied I 1 should suppose lUat. lympathy alone would have 
 induced the majority to vote for corporations, innsmiieli a>- there is a marvellous resemblance 
 between them — they are ' bodies without souls.' « « * * They can't touch us as Individuals— 
 as such, thank God ! wc liuve the federal conotitution to protect us. Write to the Hon. Am. 
 brose Baber, thanking him, &.C., and state whether you will have an net if the private property ia 
 made liable. We think it would be worse than useless, &c. 
 (:] o'clock, A. M., 28 Nov., 1831.) M. II. McALLISTER. 
 
 Van Buren in London — Evaporation of Anti-Masonry — the Reform. Bill — the Cholera, 
 
 [No. 121 1,1 M. Van Buren, American Minister, to .(esse Hovt, at N. York. 
 
 LoNDO.v, Dec. 14, 1831. — My Dear Sir : I thank you kindly lor your attention in sending me 
 the newspapers. The result in New York is truly gratifyin;,', and ennnot tail to have a decided 
 niid auspicious effect upon the character of the next session of Coiigre<is. It is to be hoped that 
 :he utter hopelessness of their cause will induce the opposition to withhold a portiiui at least of 
 their wonted opposition o the measures of the peniTul administration, nnd lo give the Old Chief 
 a fair chance in his zealous labours to advance the interest of the eoiintry. 
 
 I was not at nil disappointed at the result in New York, AS THE TIME HAD OBVIOUS- 
 LY ARRIVED FOR THE IIVAPORATION OF ANTI-MASONRY. 
 
 There is nothing new liere that you will not find in the pnpeis. The F{i form Bill will, with- 
 out doubt, pass by or without a creation of Peers, as eirenmhtanees may reqiiiie. We hnve been 
 ill constant dread of the Cholera, but notwithstanding that the danger h is increased, habit hni 
 loBKned our fears. This city is, 1 have nu doubt, as yet entirely exempt from the malignant aud 
 
 ;.vj 
 
 I 
 
 ■H 
 
 •'^J 
 
 
230 
 
 WEBB, CAMBIIELS.VG, THE ASS, McLANE AND THE BISHOPS. 
 
 "f. ,■■ 
 
 I. ; 
 
 fatal disorder. My health, and consequently my spirits, have not been better for many yean. 
 Our situation is very eomfortaole (always saving its enormous expenses) and the Town is full of 
 objects of intense interest — annnate and inanimate. Remember me kindly to Mrs. Hoyi, and) 
 beaeve me to be, Very truly, yours, M. VAN BUREN. 
 
 McLanc's Treasury lieport condemned — the. Lords and Eisliops. 
 [No. 212.] C. C. Cambreleng, M. C, to Jesse Hoyt, New York. 
 
 Washinuton, 29lh Dec, 1831. — Dear Hoyt : 1 have yours with the papers. We have strange 
 notions about such cases — I mean we Lawyers. What the committee may think about it, I don't 
 know — I w ill get along as well as I can wiih it, and hope for the best. It's lucky you sent a 
 petition 'i a decent hand-writing, or I should never have known what you wanted. Ten years 
 iMfo the case would have been rejected. 1 have hopes now, as we have reversed some of the old 
 {Ainciples. 
 
 The Treasury Reporlt is as bad as it possibly can be — a new version of Alexander Hami!. 
 ton's two reports on a National Bank uiid manufactures, and totally unsuited to this age of de- 
 mocracy and reform. The battle on these grounds has not yet begun — it will go like wild- 
 fire WHEN WE COMMENCE OUR WAR AGAINST THE LoRDS AND BlSHOFS. 
 
 Sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 The Friar's jump oner thv Ass — the Courier and Enquirer, 
 
 [No. 213.] C. C. Cainbielensto.I. Hoyt. Wasiiingto.v, 29th Dec, 1831.— Dear H.i 
 I am quite amused with the new Bank convert,! the Courier and Enquirer — it reminds me of 
 the Friar who was trying to mount an A.«s. After jumping up two or three times without sue. 
 cess, ho put up a fervent prayer to the Virgin Mary — jumped again, and went entirely over to 
 the other side — the Virgin wap too kind. Sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 The Debenture case — Laxcycrs' Justice. ' 
 
 [No. 214.] C. C. Cambrelenfr, M. C, to .[esse Hoyt, N. Y. 
 
 Washington, 3d January, 1832. — Dear H : I dare Siiy you are surprised that there should 
 
 be any doubt about I and McJ's cn.se — but you will cense to doubt when I tell you that for twen. 
 ty years the debentures were forfeited /(ccuu.9e Me onth \e as not taken icithin the ten days! 
 This was Lawyers' justice — but men of common sense took up the subject about five ypars ago, 
 and reversed all the old decisions, and granted relief in all such cases for thirty years back, 
 Youra is a new case, and I don't know what queer notions the Lawyers may have about. I 
 hope I shall get along with it. I may report a bill to-morrow morning, if I get the consent of 
 our committee. If 1 get it from Smith when I go home, I will send you the (§750. 
 
 Sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 [No. 215.] C. C. Cambreleng, to Jesse Hoyt. Washington 7, Jan., 1832. 
 
 Dear H — I have your letter — all ri^ht — and will go right. Why does not Glover hand over 
 the $2000 to Bucknor ? I thought it was paid a month ago. 1 wish you would say to Mr. Cod- 
 dington that Bucknor has not yet received one cent from Mr, Jackson— he talks of paying $175 
 — but nothing was paid on the 5th unless on that day. 
 
 Sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 Colonel Webb spurns Poor Dec its who sell ihemscloes fur Office — is independent of Jackson ani 
 the Regency — but the warmest friend of Jackson and Van Duren — A hint to Blair — lika 
 Jesse — but away with Parasites ! 
 
 [No. 216.] Colonel Janios Watson Webb, to Jesse Hoyt, at Washington. 
 
 Oll'ice of tlir Courier and Enquirer, Nrw York, January 19lh, 1832. 
 Dear Sir — Yours of liie 16ih has just been received, and has been taken as it was meant; 
 yet, permit me to add, it has not had any influence upon the course I intend to pursue. 
 
 If my course has disgusted every honest friend of the President, that is, kvery Poor Devii 
 
 WHO IS willing Tii SICLL HIS iNDEI'f^NnLNt'E KCIR AN OFFICE, why SO be it. 
 
 You know, as you ought to know, that I am not to be driven from any course I consider cor 
 rect, even if the friends of General Jackson should attempt it, or professed friends of my own, 
 write, or procure to be written, articles in ilie Globe iniertering between us and the Arous. 
 
 If, as you say, my " friends are fast falling ofl'" in Washington, and you have been made their 
 confidant, please tell them that I do not value such friendship a rush, and no matter what their 
 stations are, whether high or low, they are most welcome to pursue such a course as to thfin 
 Bcemn proper. 
 
 Thank God I am independent of General Jackson, and those wiio would fain have the wodd 
 
 » By Louis M'l.nne, who iiiicceeilpd Mr. IriRlmin ns Hci'retnry, In June, 1831. 
 
 t In a letter to Hoyt, Feb. I3tli, 183-2, it is stated thai a credi: for )».">0.()0<), -.r upwdrdx, had been |iven to Mmm, 
 Webb k. Noah, by the U- S. Bank, on n note or notes drnwn hy tlio rormer «nd endorsed by the latter. Hoythl4 
 very early notice of tliU V. S. Bank loan, and urged Cambreleng to probe it in Congreii, which he did. 
 
 bflieve they have 
 
 and family depei 
 
 great men, you s 
 
 / would like i 
 
 ESTLY and D 
 
 JACKSON TH 
 
 SUCH AN 
 
 to think for mys< 
 
 Ihend of the Pr( 
 
 and I must say 
 
 In plain termi 
 
 pleased in the wa 
 
 tin days— and e 
 
 ul' communicati 
 
 be as well to sh^ 
 
 our columns. 
 
 Yours has be 
 
 By way of ni 
 
 as well for Mr. 
 
 When we wi 
 
 requests of thos 
 
 Do not imag 
 
 and thank you 
 
 my true charac 
 
 make me despi 
 
 pendence is tin 
 
 [No. 217 
 Washingto; 
 of the United I 
 tration, but / I 
 td to our delei 
 William Neils 
 tration. 
 P. S. Ipr 
 
 [No. 218 
 and doing on 
 
 Colo7ik Webl 
 Angel, Bei 
 for Van D 
 
 [No. 
 
 ai 
 
 City of V 
 ING TO G 
 
 BUREN ,+ a 
 
 t In 1832, C< 
 
 Buren. More 
 
 Oiur. iS- F-nq-, 
 
 Mio.cesi of poli 
 
 hit person, vai 
 
 and his elevnl 
 
 Uticnl mnniiR 
 
 (rreiu imblic s« 
 
 hii political ili 
 
 We know I 
 
 extent of his f 
 
 We know (ir« 
 
 ijie cold blciot 
 
 for himself, if 
 
 witnessed l<is 
 
 lillcalfav.irs 
 
 but parficulii 
 
 life, mnstenr 
 
 be took A AM 
 
 preuion of hi 
 
 — ItiuMdl 
 
WBBB ON VAN BUREN— CAMBRELENG ON THE BANK. 
 
 SSI 
 
 
 I of Alexander Hami! 
 
 CAMBRELENG. 
 
 CAMBRELENG. 
 
 Id fain have the world 
 
 I bflieve they have the keeping of his conscience — and if I am not — if my daily bread for myself 
 and family depended upon trucke/ling to his friends — to the Argus and its coterie of would bo 
 great men, you should know enough of me to believe that I would do what I thought correct. 
 
 I would like to see an individual in the United Slates designated, WHO IS MOKE HON. 
 ESTLY«nd DISINTERESTEDLY ATTACHED TO VAN BUREN AND GENERAL 
 JACKSON THAN MYSELF. 
 
 SUCH AN ONE CANNOT BE FOUND— and yet I am to be told, that because I presume 
 to think for myself, and argue from appearances when facts are withheld, 1 ' disgust every honest 
 Iriend of the President' — that my friends ' are fast failing ofl',' &.c. &e. This is sheer nonsense, 
 and I must say you are the last man from whom I expected such idle and ridiculous threats. 
 
 In plain terms, those who are offended with our [Webb &. Noah's] course, have only to get 
 pleased in the way that is most convenient to them — and so I will tell them PERSONALLY within 
 tin days — and so you may tell them now if you please. Indeed, as you have been made the organ 
 ul' communicating the 'disgust' I have inspired, and the 'falling off' of their friendship, it may 
 be as well to show thoni this letter, which I would not have the slightest objection to publish in 
 iiur columns. It contiiins my true sentiments, and you arc at liberty to use it as you please. 
 Yours has been BURNT. 
 
 By way of news I can inform you, that we have not yet done with the Argus, and it may be 
 as well for Mr. Blair to let us row our own boat. 
 
 When we want his interference we will ask it — but until then, he had better not yield to the 
 requests of those who would sacrifice all personal independence to party subserviency. 
 
 Do not imagine me offended at what you have written. Not so. 1 appreciate your motive, 
 and thank you for your kind intention, but I feel mortified to think you should know so little of 
 my true character as to suppose that such a letter ns yours could have iiny other effect than to 
 make me despise more than I now do, THOSE WHOSE GOD IS OFFICE, and whose Inde- 
 pendence is the nod or heck of those in poicer. 
 
 Sincerely your Friend, .TAS. WATSON WEBB. 
 
 The Workies, Cambreleng, and the friends of the Hank. 
 
 [No. 217.] [Private.] G. C. Cambreleng to Jesse Hoyt, at New York. • 
 Washington, 5th Feb., 1832. — Dear H. : 1 received to-day the memorial in favor of the Bank 
 of the United States — it is signed by a host — said to he principally the friends of the Adminis- 
 tration, but / have looked over the list. Our friends should be up and doing. This is forward- 
 ed to our delegation in a letter signed by Gideon Lee, Meigs D. Benjamin, Dudley Selden and 
 William Neilson. It says the memorial originated with the supporters of the present adminis- 
 tration. Sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 P. S. I presume it is signed by every merchant who keeps an aecount at the Bunk. 
 
 [No. 218.] [Private.] Wasiii.vgton, Feb. 6. 1832. — Dear H. : Get the Workies to be up 
 and doing on the U. S. B. question. Thev are democrats in principle. 
 
 ■ Very truly yours, C. C. CAMBRy' MNG. 
 
 Colonm Webb, the Champion of Van Duren and the United. Slutis Bank — hi/> ''V- d — Hoffman, 
 Angel, Bergen, Suule, Clement, Poindcjrtir — Mimre, a dirlij fi'llmn — Woma Croswell fight 
 for Van Duren ? — Webb would — Webb gets a new light, like the Compiler of this book, 
 
 [No. 219.] Col. .Tames Wntson Webb, to .le.ose Hoyt, New York. 
 City of Washi.ngton, Feb. 12. [1832,] Sunday Niahi.— Dear Hoyt : F HAVE AN ITCH- 
 ING TO GET HOLD OF THE D D RASCALS THAT VOTED AGAINST VAN 
 
 BUREN.t and you will perceive by MY ' CARD' that I have a prospect ahead. Hoffman, An- 
 
 t In 1832, Col. VVebl), the friend of Murry nnd tlie United Stales n«nk, is renrtv to spill liis life's Mood for Vnn 
 Buren. More thnn eleven venrs cinpje. iViends henome enemies, nnd Wkbb thus desrrilies liis old idfl, In the 
 Caur. d- Kvq., of Sept. l(i, I84H. " I'nilcd In the most implicit confidence in the aiillihihty of the people und the 
 mccesi of politicnl maiiaKcmcHt, Mr. Van Hi rkn unfiiriiiualcly posscses great /(o-.'iowa/ viinity. He is vn in of 
 hit person, vain of his dre$s and nddre>s. vain nf his infliit^iire with the ladies, vain nf hi> aristocratic nssocislions 
 and his elevation nliove what he cimsiders the vnlsiir lienl tVdin which lie sprung — and ahove all, vain of hit po- 
 litical mnnHfjement and his nhility to ohtoin liv intrigue and linusse what others can only accomplish through 
 irrent public services nnd iin honest devotion to the welfitre of the public. And this vanity, hub been the cause of 
 hit political destruction. 
 
 We know Mr. Van Hurkn quite n» well ns any itlier person in the I'nitcd Stales. VVc understand precisely the 
 extent of his grntitiide for services rendered, and his npprecialion of those who have literally mailc him what lie is. 
 We know precisely how fir he will ffo In court I he friend^hip of ihi'se who have it in their power to serve him, and 
 the cold blooded delilierntion with which he will cive up thi'«e who have done more for Inm than he ever cuiild do 
 for himself, if hv the sacrifice he siippnses it possilde to increase his poliitcal cnpitnl. We know, hecniise we hnve 
 witnessed his niter heart lessness, his ilisgnsting selllsliness. and his hiiliii'iil •.ni-eringHl gralilndefor perionni or po 
 litical f'lvort Wo well iinderitnnd his theorv that all niankiiid are "cltish — that liuior and nmirnnnlniitv in men, 
 hut pnrticnlarly in politicians, is the dream of vonlh— ami Ihiit he who would prnsper eiti private or public 
 
 life, must enrly orrive at the conclusion \hn\ frinids are mily to he u.^nl not careil for. \\ sv that from the Hny 
 
 be took Aakon Ri>kr as his niiMlel fi i his manners, nnd made every moveinrni of his hands and body— every t%- 
 preuion nf hi« fore and every intonition nf his voice — conform as far as pnss hie tothi se of his brau ideal, he at the 
 I tiin* dettrmined to mall* hia (irtctue in all the aflTuirs of life cunfortn in like niuiiner to hi> great Idol." 
 
 
 ■*. I 
 
 
 I. 
 
 t 
 
 H 
 
'P^l 
 
 
 y-\fr 
 
 • . /, ■ . 
 
 :■•■!■' 
 
 
 ''li-. 
 
 -t 
 
 1;' i^Vr> 
 
 
 
 «" i. 
 
 :V ■•' .-.. 
 
 
 ''l ■ 
 
 
 232 WEBB, WITH HIS ARMOUR ON, 0^ FIGHTING PtTELS FOR VAN BUREN, 
 
 gel, Bergen and Soule are the members whose names I'll give these fighting Senators ; but at 
 the s:iini! time, I'll inform them that they are only responsible for the fact that Clement did make 
 the communicatiiin to them which I mentioned. Const quently, IF THLY WISH A FIGHT; 
 or rather, if they dn nut wish to be the laughing stock of the nation, ONK OF THEM MUST 
 CHALLENGE VIE. Moorv is a dirty fellow, and if I rait, I'll gctholdof Poindexter ; but as 
 the saymg is, ' half a loaf is intier than no bread,' and I'll be content with cither. Your friend 
 Croswellsays that I'm an enemy to VnuBuren. Quere.— WOULD HrHE FIGHT FOR HIM? 
 By the bye, have you written to Lynn on the subject I mentioned ? 
 
 Your friend, JA'S WATSON WEBB. 
 
 P. S. Marcj, 'he President, and all his friendsi, think the people in Albany mad in talking 
 of making V. B. [Van Buren] Governor, «s if New York can make amends for an insult offered 
 by fourteen States of the Union ! Miircy has written to them, and you should do so too. 
 
 WEBB. 
 Colonel Webb's Card, referred to above. 
 
 A CARD. 
 WAsniNGTOM City, Gadsby's Hotel, February 11, 1832. 
 
 In " A Card" published in the National Intelligencer and United States Telegraph this day, 
 Gov. Poindexter of Mississippi, and Gov. Moore of Alnbamarr-both members of the Senate of 
 the United Siateb — charge the Surveyor of the Port of New York, [M. M. Noah,] with writing 
 the article which appeared in ihe editorial columns of the New York Courier and Enquirer on 
 Uie 7ih m8t.,aiid of which the following is an extract : [Here t'ollows the extract.] 
 
 The undersigned docs nut deem it necessary to comment upon the undignified character of 
 the " Card" of the Honorable Senators, but begs leave respectfully to assure them, that the en- 
 tire article ret'erred to, was written by him, and forwarded for publication from this city. The 
 two material /«c<s alleged in that article, are — first, that the disclosures said to have been made 
 by Mr. Van Buren to Clement, were, according to Clement's own adini.ssion, made at his first 
 interview with Mr. Van Buren, whicl: was purely accidental and never but once repealed. &'e. 
 cond, that Clement had asstrtcd that Gov. Poindexter and Gov. Moore offered to furnish him 
 wi'.h funds for the establisliment of a newspaper in the State of Mississippi. These two charges 
 are now repeated — ii;ey are huipcii-iib!:' .)f ; loof nt any moment, and for their truth, as well as 
 for vhntevef opinions or seminieiiis are cuntained in the article alluded to, the undersigned 
 holds himself personally n sponsible. He would further inform these honorable Senators, that 
 the members of Congress from New York referred to in the foregoing extract, do not seek con- 
 cealment " behind" a " dark curtain," and that an application to the undersigned for their names, 
 or for any other purpose, " will meet with the most prompt and respectful attention from" their 
 
 Obedient servant, JAMES WATSON WEBB. 
 
 Isaac Hill's Speech — horn to make capital out of Clay's quarrel — Tihbetif very good plan of a 
 Bank — Who shall we wake (lovnrnor? — Tariff's — taking care of the Mammoth — FollovDing 
 the Boslonians for a new U. S. Rank. 
 
 [ Vl.ree letters, C. C. Carnbreleng, to Jesse Hoyt ot New York.] ''" 
 
 [No. 219 ] Washington, 12th Feb., 1832. 
 
 Dear fl. — Mr. Ilill'.s speech will go all over the Union — that notices Clay's attack upon Mr. 
 Gallatin in the best possible manner — it drives it home upon him. His quarrel, too, with Gen- 
 eral Smith you will have seen — that ought to be noticed conspicuously. He is one of our revo- 
 lutionary Heroes, upwards of 80 — one who gallantly defended what was then called Mud Fort 
 on the Delaware, when attacked by a British ."(quadron. 
 
 With regard to the Bunk it is not worth while to have any public meeting about — a remon- 
 strance against it is enough — I don't think the debate will come up for a month — Mr. Tibbett 
 sent me A VERY GOOD PLAN OF A HANK— which I have returned. Ask him to send me 
 a copy of it. * Very sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 * VVIiilo this iinprinciplert confeitemte (if Van Riiren, thin nenreetly ncknowMged to Hoyt hia iteaire for a United 
 Stiitei Riink, (see iilso his letter nf the Ifiih, with its nrtful hints) lie thus ptihiicly reprobated it, to pay court to tiie 
 party who hud graspeil llie piihhc Irensiite us poliliriii iiiiil pcrsnnul plumler: 
 
 ( Kxirnots fr(im his (.peech, in Congrens, nf .Fnn. U, 1834. J 
 " Of nil the ciirreiiCBS llmt were rvor c.niitrived by man, the innst vipioin in principle, the mnit cnlamitoiii in its 
 efTecIa upon trade, the most ilclr.meiitiil to the piibli • intorei<t, uml the must iinsiife, ns it respeelalhe preservntinnnfu 
 metnllic currency, is tlmt, which is f miuled <in the crerlit nf n iinlionni hank, not only connected with the finances 
 of a |;nvernnient, hut like <iiir<, involved in all the fluctuations of every npcciea of coinmercml credit and denlinij 
 in them upon a iiiitioniil sciile." 
 
 " It is II C'lmiiiiin opinion, tmi, thnt n nntionalhnnk prevents the multiplicaf ion of State banks. It ninybeio, sir; 
 but if it is. it ia contrnry to princinle, find in this country and in Knglnnd contradicted by experience. It ia true that 
 immediiitely upon a dissolu'.iiii of a i itinnal liuiik, there will he. as the ttentleinnn from I'vnnsvlvania has ahiiwn, 
 an unuaiiu! niiuilier of appliciilmns fo Ht itn institutions ; hut in n long seriea of yeiirs, the Ipndency of n national 
 bank note currency ii. more powerful man all our local circnjiitions. in constantly impelling trade, banking, and 
 •very apeeies of credit and speculation lioyond thoae prudent liniita, which, without the ofreney of aiieh an inititu- 
 tioD, would uiually be prescribed by the annual am! ateody accumulation of the capital of the country." 
 
 ASK 
 
 [No. 221 
 merely wisii 
 I have wriite 
 THE Bank f 
 shall become 
 Gentleman v 
 
 (No. 22 
 Dear H.- 
 will offer it i 
 night — who 
 care of the T 
 enough to le 
 Boatonians < 
 but on the t 
 might be mt 
 fortoard a & 
 
 Subsidizing 
 
 [No. 25 
 
 To Jesse 1 
 
 Sam 
 
 Gentleme 
 for the purp 
 
 At the m< 
 quired — but 
 nished and 
 be procured 
 bers — and 8 
 he has com 
 with Mr 
 paying the 
 ought not 
 the Press- 
 to pay imn 
 at the BanI 
 
 h 
 
 He conclu: 
 the foundatii 
 
 We find in 
 CanihrelerB 
 
 " Splendic 
 aelf and A«s 
 lion, for a In 
 " National ' 
 of re-charte 
 liunal oiijec 
 fours witli ll 
 
 JiVr»e— Tl 
 five years, 
 and the cilij 
 tion shall be 
 of lapilul. 
 re(]uiiition i 
 the notea of 
 ble to taxea 
 put an end 
 the State R 
 
 * See No 
 
 t Daniel . 
 in hia Plain 
 eatera stnni 
 ulating nni 
 of taking t 
 of a beggn 
 
 Again b 
 Lm, and tl 
 Daniel had 
 
.;> 
 
 VAN BURE^f , 
 
 [iting Senators ; but at 
 hat Clement did make 
 lY WISH A FIGHT- 
 IH OF THEM MUST 
 . of Poindexttr ; but as 
 fi cither. Your friend. 
 FIGHT FOR HIM? 
 
 |WATSON WEBB, 
 klbaiiy mad in talking 
 is fur an insult offered 
 
 |should do 80 too. 
 
 WEBB. 
 
 , February 11, 1832. 
 tea Telegraph this day, 
 [iiibers of the Senate of 
 Noah,] with writing 
 ourier and Enquirer on 
 ' txtract.] 
 
 ndignified character of 
 
 Hire them, that the en- 
 
 111 from this city. The 
 
 siiid to have been made 
 
 isioii, made at his first 
 
 JUt once repealed. &. 
 
 ofTered to furnish him 
 
 pi. These two charges 
 
 r their truth, as well as 
 
 led to, the undersigned 
 
 onorable Senators, that 
 
 xtrnct, do not seek con- 
 
 irsigned for their names, 
 
 ful attention from" their 
 
 WATSON WEBB. 
 
 -til' very good plan of a 
 • Mammoth — Following 
 
 ■ York] 
 
 ON, 12th Feb., 1832. 
 Clay's attack upon Mr. 
 quarrel, too, with Gen. 
 He is one of our revo- 
 1 then called Mud Fort 
 
 cting about— a renion- 
 a month— 71/r. Tibbeti 
 Ask him to send me 
 . CAMBRELENG. 
 
 Hoyt hig deaire for a United 
 bated it, to poy court to the 
 
 , the moit cnlnmitoni in il« 
 specti thx pre»nrvnlinn of it 
 lonnerted with the finnnres 
 merninl credit and denlini; 
 
 (hnnks. It ninv be in, ilr; 
 expcrienre. It ii true that 
 I'f nnsvlviinia has shown, 
 he tpndency of n nntionil 
 leljinir trade, banking, and 
 Biwncy of lueh an fnitltU' 
 of the countt/." 
 
 ASK FOR A NETV NATIONAL BANK ! IIOYT !c NOAII HELPING BLAIR. 
 
 233 
 
 [No. Q20.] Washington, I4th Feb., 1833. Dear H.— The knowing ones at Albany 
 
 merely wish to mancEUvre a little about the Governor to get a change. That is as I suspect. 
 I have written Wright, Edwards, and Flngg — Cioswell, I wrote liiin also. We shall not get at 
 THE Bank for 4 weeks — at least I shou'd think not. The more ws discuss it the stronger we 
 shitll become. McDuffie's, alias Calhoun's, Tariff, is on one extreme — Clny's on t'other. The 
 Gentleman who wrote Mr. Mumford is not our friend — He is of the Sutherhnd school. * 
 
 Sincerely youts, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 (No. 221.] Washington, 16ih Feb., 1832. 
 
 Dear H. — I 'fturn you the letter — Judge Clayton of Georgia has a resolution prepared and 
 will offer it as soon as he can — it will cover the object in view — I nha]l see the President to- 
 night — who has a co/j/i</eH<ir// director on the spot. You nerd not fenr Imt what we shall take 
 care of the Mammoth in someway or other — IthinhO^ REFLECTION that ittnouldbe well 
 enough to let the plan Mr. Tiblets had in view alone for the present. Let them follotc the 
 Bottonians and Portland people in asking for a new bank from the federal gavernment — 
 but on the plan they propose — this is on the whole better than to set up for onr.selves, which 
 might be made use of by the Pennsylvnnians against us, here and elsewhere — We can bring 
 forward a State bank next year — mention this to Mr. Tibhets. 
 
 Sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 I did not know before why that paper was so bitter against Van Buren. 
 
 Subsidizing the Press in earnest — Francis P. Blnir of the Globe, set vp as an Editor for Van 
 
 Buren, by Officers of the Custom House and Post Office of New York. 
 
 [No. 222.1 Ne-.v York, Saturday, 18ih February, 1832. 
 
 To Jesse Hoyt — M. M. Nonh — Samuel Gouverneur — WniierBowne — William P. Haliett— • 
 
 Samuel Swartwout — Cornelius W. Lawrence — James A. Hamilton, and others. 
 
 Gentlemen — When F. P. Blair, Esq. was in ihi'^city, you each subscribed a certain amount, 
 for the purpose of furnishing him with a Printing Pp.'f^s. 
 
 At the meeting of his friends on that occasion, the subscription was short of the amount re- 
 quired — but I well recollect the Pledge you made — which ua? — that the Press should be fur- 
 nished and paid for — and that he might rest assured of its beinir forwarded as soon as it could 
 be procured. The preRS has been sent to Mr. Blair, under the direction of some of the subscri- 
 bers — and $1370 paid on account of it — the balance due the maker is )56.')2 50 cents, for which 
 he has commenced suit agninst mo. As I did not either contract with, or have any thing to do 
 with Mr. Hoe, the maker of the Press, except my exertions in collecting the subscriptions, and 
 paying them over, I shall of course resist the payme.it of it. // appears tn me that this matter 
 ought not to be subjected to an investigation in a Court of Justice. Mr. Hoe should be paid for 
 the Press — and I think the gentlemen whopledeed themselves to Mr. Blair, are in honor bound, 
 to pay immediate attention to the subject. I therefore suggest that you meet for the purpose, 
 at the Bank Coffee House, on Tuesday evening at 7 o clock. 
 
 Yours very respectfully, DANIEL JACKSON.t 
 
 Ife concluded liy snying — " do not enlnil upon pnslpiity tlie cnlnniitiesof a nntionni bank note currency, and lay 
 the foundntinn of iinother revolution in your government." 
 
 We find in the New York Advertiier. tlie fnllowiii? account of Tibbets's "very oood PtAN or a hank," which 
 Canihrelenir secretly deniretl and publicly dennnnreil : 
 
 " Splendid Hank Project — We ol)serve an ndvertisemcnt in the pnners signed by " Ki.isiia TtanrTJ, for him- 
 self and Assnciates," givinff notice of nn npplifntion to be ninde to the LmislHlnre of this Stnte at Its present ses- 
 lion, for a bank with n cnpilnl ol thirtv five millions, to be lorntel in this rjtv, and to be known by the name of the 
 " National Union Hank." As the piiin is soinewhiit new. nnd ninv. perhaps', if ndupled. save Pongrefs the Ironble 
 of re-chiirtering the present Hank of* the United Sliites, by presenting iin inititiilion to whirh there are no constitu- 
 tioniil objections, we bnsten to make onr re,ideri acquainted with the project. It will be seen that it runs on all 
 funrs with the Rank of the I'niled States. 
 
 Wr»t— The charter is to take etfect on the termination of llie present charter of the V. S. Bank, and tn last tliirty 
 five yeiirs. Second — Hrnnches shnll be established in each State of the fnlun, with the consent of its legislature, 
 and the citir,ens of snob State shall be e.xclnsively entitled to subscribe for the stock. Third — All notes for circula- 
 tion shnll be issned by the .Mother Rank at New York, nnd made payiible there. They are not to exceed the nmonnt 
 of lapilal. Fburth — The Bank is to collect nnd trnnsmit the funds nnd revenue of the gencrni government on the 
 requisition of the Secretary of the Treasury, nnd allow three per cent, on all government deposits, nn condition that 
 the notes of the Bank be received in p.iyments to the Tnited Stntes. fi/fA— The capilnl of this Bank is to be lia- 
 ble to taxes in the States where the branches are locnteil. Sijth — The Stiites which thnll authorize branches may 
 put nn end to the same on three years notice, nnd on authorizing the Mother Bank to make an arrangement with 
 the State Ranks for transacting the business of the United States. 
 
 ♦See No. 93, page lf*2. Or. Joel B. Sutherland. 
 
 t Daniel .Inckson, chief-beggar fiir Rlair, and one of Van Buren's grcedv spoilsmen, is thus described by Leggett 
 in his Phiindealer. .Ian. IHHT. — " There is at this very moment, n striking specimen of this class of politicnl opium- 
 eaters standing at thecountarof the Albany manufacturers of the drug, and hepging for one more dose of thest'm- 
 ulatini narcotick This unfortunate political opium-eater is Mr. DanirlJacksun, who has long been in the hiiliit 
 of taking this species of neryuus excitement. The drug which he is petitioning for, with all the humble eameitnesi 
 of a beggar at a bolted door, is known by the name of Special Charter." 
 
 Again Leggett says, p.ige 5!)2 :— " These are the leading spirits— the smooth, sly, anil supple, nnd plausible Gideon 
 Lm, and the loud-muuthed Daniel Jackson— of the monopoly clique of which the Timet is but tne gentle Mho." 
 Daniel had declared peremptorily, " We must and will have « national )»nuk." 
 
i^.Xwv:^-^ 
 
 
 
 234 ROOT, FISH, SUTHERLAND; WEBb's PRIVATE LETTERS; THE BANK. 
 
 Cambreleng to Hoyt on Fish, Root, Angel and the Bank. 
 [No. 223 ] Washington, Uih March, lt?38. Dear H. — You ought not to appoint any 
 reprtseiitativo in Cougiess. We shiill be in the midst of Tariff, Bank, &,c., and can't go^take 
 
 good, honest, and stuuacli men — at-nd such men as Mr. [Pre.-erved] Fish. Our Friend S . 
 
 whose letter you read when here, is in a great fidget because he did not see his memorial in 
 fuvor of tiie Bank of the U. S. announced in the paper. 1 had thai important event rsgularly 
 announced! Rout will not trouble us much longer. Aiigcl [of N. Y.| hammered him with. 
 out gloves — he had nobody to detend him but an unti-mason. 
 
 Sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 To Hoyt on Webb and Noah's " sincere attachment to the cause of Mr. Van Buren" — they put 
 forward a bad candidate — Boot goes for the pewter mug — Wickliffe and Daniels, enemttsof 
 Jackson — the Bank, 
 
 [No. 224.] Private. Wasiunoton, 15ih March, 1832. 
 
 Dear H. — I never doubted the sincere attachment of the Editors of the Courier and Enquirer 
 to the cause of Mr. Van Buren, the President and our party generally— but the course they pur. 
 sue in relation to General Root, is calculated to injure the cause of the administration. 1 carp 
 not for the quarrel with the Argus — or who may be our next Governor — that matter will b^ m 
 doubt amicably adjusted — but 1 do care about putting forward a candidate who is us much 
 opposed to this administration as Joel B. Sutherland t and his votes will prove it, as they havr 
 done already. He and Pitcher vote iinil'ormly with the opposition — and Root yesterday denouneui 
 Tammany Hall, and went openly for the Pewter Mug. Another course is pursued which iliev 
 will find in the end will be hij;hly injurious to the President — that is, pressing the Bank bill upnii 
 him at this session with a moral certainty that if it reaches him the obligation of public duif 
 will coini)cl him to return it — as entirely premature — four years before the charter expires. Tli'' 
 charter of the Bank of England expires next year and has not yet been renewed — the charteroi 
 the East India Company was not renewed till one year before it expired — three-fourths of the 
 President's friends are opposed to the Bank — and lie can never under such circumstances, dn 
 otherwise than to send the bill back — if he had no other motive, the adjustment of the tariff and 
 the extinguishment of the public debt — both occurring before the charter expires — are alone suf- 
 ficient. It is the enemies of the President, such as Branch, Wickliffe, Daniel, &c., &c., united 
 with the friends of the Bank, who are determined to send this bill to him, expecting to do him an 
 injury, and lull the bank too — which its friends arc certainly doing by pressing it now. 
 
 Sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG, 
 
 Lessons on the proper use of Confidential Letters on Politics. 
 
 [No. 225.] Mr. Cambreleng's views of the sanctity of confidential correspondence, may b< 
 readily inferred from the contents of the following letter, mtirked "private," addressed to hn 
 friend, Mr. Jesse Hoyt, at New York, from Washington, and dated May 19tli, 1832. 
 
 " Dkar II : I have seen a copy of W 's PRIVA TE letter to Clayton. It is a de- 
 liberate BUT CONFIDENTIAL attack on me, and was designed to coax the Judge to favor 
 him, which was of course repelled. W — asked to have the letter returned — it was so — but what 
 W — does not knoto — the Judge took a copv ov it. IT'S A ROD IN PICKLE, and wiliex. 
 pose some small contradictions of his present statements, and show some little duplicity. The 
 Judge can tell him that he found my statement of the Webb and Noah case too moderate, niul 
 that he wrote it over himself. Don't mention about the letter to Clayton — he will })robubly pd. 
 lith it. The Bank will come up in the Senate next week — it won't disturb us before the middli' 
 of June. Sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG." 
 
 Private Arrangements for Nominating a Party Governor, four months before a Convention oi 
 
 the I'eople wait called. 
 
 [No. 226.] Senator Marcy to Jesse Hoyt at New York. — WAsniNaTON, Senate Chamber, 
 May 26, 1832. — Mv Dear Sir: I have received your several letters, and feel much obliged to 
 you for the inlereHt you have taken in the matter. Our friends from Albany are here now, and 
 I am to have a full conversation with some of them on the matter to which our correspondence 
 relates. I have no doubt they have cooled a griiat deal since they left home. I will give yon 
 shortly the resu! of our interview, which will take place to-morrow.J 
 
 Yours sincerely, W. L. MARCY 
 
 fgeenanie piirticulnrs uliout tlie redoubtnble Dr. Siilhurlunil in No. 91 of this correipondenca. 
 
 X Colonel Yiiiing, who wsi for Henry Clay in 1824. presided nt the Herkimer Convention, vrhlch nomintten 
 Mnrcy as Governor, Sept. 19, \KVi. Who did the Colunel lupport for the Presidency in 1838 7 In 1832 ha wrote 
 a pamphlet to prove that stute bunk charters are cnnstutionni, and a national biinfc ehsrter not lo; next bought 
 the itock of slate bankiioni|>«culation, nndlhus became once more an active confe<lernta of Van Buren. One (real 
 difficulty In the wiiv of a suoceMl'iil Democratic government it improper ryitemi of mominati«m<i. I an pie- 
 pared to prove that eveu that of England it much more Oemoeratio than eun. 
 
 TB 
 
 ^ow the Party 
 
 [No. 227.] 
 Mv Dear S 
 suit of the inter 
 [jght and prope 
 but I failed in < 
 lection of a pre 
 not to persist in 
 out injury to th 
 tial fellow. Y 
 Wtbb has no 
 fever of those > 
 will be said by 
 There is a gi 
 on the Tariff- 
 manufacturers 
 flERS— I thii 
 
 No. 228. 
 [1832.] (The 
 this morning n 
 to him on the i 
 nf him were pe 
 well as himseli 
 in the matter r 
 has undoubted I 
 certain extent 
 make to him si 
 
 t Colonel Wei 
 <nvereign contem 
 II deliance of tl 
 Mmilai tools, 
 our course. 
 have never been 
 ml833. 
 
 Leggett joine( 
 \nl, I. poge 450. 
 " About the r 
 editor of the C 
 ernor Marcy hai 
 riiive man . . 
 to their unwortl 
 ' his iwverty a 
 
 ♦ On the leth 
 
 nfihe Cour. an 
 
 1829, an artici 
 
 month Jackson 
 
 machine, ho n 
 
 10 months— all 
 
 inent affairs. 
 
 line of them. » 
 
 Imnks which 
 
 scrilwri, a larg 
 
 ns an advocate 
 
 show that lie % 
 
 in 1834. tlie W 
 
 lowing versioi 
 
 " In 1832, d 
 
 fuirer, enjnyii 
 
 WHS then a m( 
 
 lliiring that >i 
 
 walk up Penn 
 
 mind, which 
 
 to be brought 
 
 York in antic 
 
 in all ill aape 
 
 qmrer, and \> 
 
 to the party, 
 
 previously br 
 
 to Mr. Webb. 
 
 rable ninverr 
 
 their uwu gi< 
 
 ur 
 He 
 
 t 
 
3 
 
 ; THE BANK. 
 
 tank. 
 
 lught not to appoint snyj 
 
 l&c, and can't go~iake 
 
 ■sh. Our Friend S . f 
 
 [not Bee his nifimorjal J 
 Ijjortant event r«gula,|y 
 I hammered him wkI,. 
 
 Ic. CAxMBRELENG. 
 
 . Van Buren "—they put 
 \ and Daniels, enemies of 
 
 15th March, 1832. 
 
 [he Courier and Enquirer 
 
 •but the course they pur. 
 
 ndminisiration. I carp 
 
 -that matter will be nn 
 
 ididute who is as much 
 
 ill prove it, as they hav. 
 
 oot yesterday denounml 
 
 se i.s pursued which ihe;- 
 
 ■stiing the Bank bill upnii 
 
 lilijs'ation of public dutv 
 
 le charter expires. Th- 
 
 renewed — die charter of 
 
 :ud — three-fourths of ili? 
 
 ■ such circumstances, do 
 
 justment of the tariff anj 
 
 ?r expires— are alone suf- 
 
 Daniel, &c., &c., uniM 
 
 1, expecting 10 do hiinan 
 
 pressing it now. 
 
 C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 Politics. 
 
 correspondence, may b( 
 rivate," addressed to hn 
 ay 19th, 1832. 
 to Clayton. It iS a lie- 
 coax the Judge to favor 
 ■d— it was so — but whai 
 f PICKLE, and will M. 
 ne little duplicity. Th^ 
 case too moderate, nml 
 1 — he will probably puh. 
 urb us before the middle 
 . CAMBRELENG." 
 
 before a Convention oi 
 
 aTON, Senate Chamber, 
 nd feel much obliged to 
 bany are here now, and 
 lich our correspondence 
 home. I will give yoii 
 
 W. L. MARCY 
 
 iraiidsnce. 
 
 ivention, which tiominiten 
 n 18981 In 1832 he wrote 
 hsrter not lo ; nsxt bnught 
 I or Van Buran. On* grea t 
 HOMlNATlnMI. Ian pr*- 
 
 THE MYSTERY OF MANUFACTURING A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNOR. 
 
 235 
 
 JIoio the Party Press prepares the Party to nominate a Candidate who has settled certain ques. 
 tions with the Party Leaders and Trading Politicians, 
 [No. 227.] Senator Marcy to .lesse Hoyt, at N. Y.— VVasiii.ngton, 3d June, [1832.] 
 
 My Dear Sir : I have been shamefully negligent of my piomise to you in relation to the re- 
 suit of the interview with my Albany friends. I hoped to be able to convince tliein that it was 
 right and proper for me to adhere to the determiiiatiun which I hud communicated to Criiswsll ; 
 but I failed in doing so. They convinced me that there were more diHiculties attending the se. 
 lection of a proper candidate than hud presented themselves to me. The result was that [ am 
 not to persist in declining now, but am to be let alone it it can be done — as 1 think it may with. 
 out injury to the party. t It would seem to imply (il it cannot be) that I um a mighty consequen- 
 tial fellow. You or any body else may think so if you will, but I do not. 
 
 Webb has not modijied and published your articks. So long time has now elapsed, and the 
 fever of those who culled for rae to come out baa so much subsided, that probably nothing more 
 will be said by him. How stand affairs in N. Y.? 
 
 There is a great effort making we learn by the manufacturing interest to get up nn excitement 
 on the Tariff — our friends from Albany and elsewhere thouglit it would not .succeed. Bodies of 
 manufacturers are flocking in here, and they appear about AS CRAZY AS THE NULLl- 
 FIERS — I think the extremes wjU unite and defeat all attempts at compromise. 
 
 Yours, &c. ^V. L. MARCY. 
 
 , •'•■>• 
 
 No. 228.] Senator Marcy to Jes.se Hoyt, at New York. — Wasiiixgto.v, Saturday, 
 [1832.] (The date, signature, and a few words ot'ihe conclu.sion, torn off) — Dear Sir: I have 
 this morning received a note from Webb, and 1 learn from the tenor of it that you had written 
 to him on the subject wliich engaged us in two or three conversations. I lind that our opinions 
 of him were perfectly correct. Attacked as he is on all sides he is willing to attend to others as 
 well as himself. I find iny intimation to you is well founded that Bennett had been too sanguine 
 in the matter referred to and had understood from me more th.in I intended to convey. Webb 
 has undoubtedly every disposition to put thing-i right and he ought to bo permitted to do so to a 
 certain extent in his own way — I have had lull conversations with you and from them you can 
 make to him such suggestions as will apprise him of my views. t He may think I ought to write 
 
 t Colonel Webb rftmnrks on thete letters, tliat " lirinj the frictul of VV. Ij. Mnrcy, nnj entertaining the moit 
 vnvereign contempt of the Albany Regency, he iilnccd .Mr. Murcy's nnme at the lieail of" his roltimns for (Governor, 
 in deliance of tlie intrigues of the Regency to defeut hi^ nuniiiiiitidn. Tlie li^ditor of the Argus (Croswell) and 
 Mmilar tools, urged upon Senator Marry lo outhorit>elheni to declare ihnt lie liiiii not connived at or sanctioned 
 
 our course. He refewd to do su The |)ersonnl relutmnii livtween (iovcnmr Murcy niid us (Mr. Webb) 
 
 have never been interrupted, although the .Argus did abuse hiin lor dining with us iininediately after his election 
 in 1832. 
 
 Leggett joined Croswell in denouncing Mnrcy for dining with Welib. t copy \\U remarks from the Plaindealer, 
 Mil. I. page 450, June 17, 1837. omitting I.regiU'.i harfh epithets, ns uiicnllcd for liere. 
 
 " About the time it became known tliut tiie tjiiitril Stiites lliiiiK liiiil purchased [Colonel Webb's influence, us 
 pditor of the O. tt K.J and while the newspapers were still rinsing with the story, it was duly chronicled that iio\- 
 ernur Marcy had been entertained at a private dinner liy [thet^oKmeli . . , .lie (Marcy) is a weak, cringing iiide- 
 riiive man .... the mere tool of u monopoly Junto, their convenient instrument : uiid tvhile lie gives bisianction 
 to their unworthy measures, we survey him witli contempt, and can otVer nu betterexcuse for his conduct than that 
 ■his poverty and not hii will cunsenti.' " 
 
 *0n the 18lh of .August, 183'J, Colonel Webb dissolved partnership with M. .^[. Nonh, and became sole owner 
 nfthe Cnur. and Enq. On the 0th of Oct. Ihiit yenr, he addressed the public thro' his jonriiul.stiitiiig that in Nov. 
 1829, an article against rechnrtering the IF H. Bank hail been surreptitiously published in his paper — that next 
 month Jackson came out with a similar paragraph in his message — that, believing the IJ. S. II. to be a political 
 machine, ho assented to the attacks made on it in the ("ourier mid Kmiiiirer, from Nov, 1820. until March 1831 — 
 Ifi months — after which he advocated a modilied rerhurter, believing tliiit the Hank hud not meddled in govern- 
 ment nflHirs. The loan obtained by Silas E. Burrows from the I.'. S. Hank, of .firLOOO, for Noah, Webb, or some 
 line of them, was in .March IKII, the month in which the Courieriiiiil l''n(|iiirnr changed its course. I presume the 
 liiiiiki which were struggling for the depusites and the power, would have lent Webb and Noah, with i)5t)U siih- 
 scnberi, a large sum tu continue to advocate the Safety Fund, the Deposiies, and no re-chaitcr — and if so, Webb, 
 ns an advocate, chose his side. Marcy could not have been very strong on the other tack, fur the above letters 
 show that he was in close political alliance with Welib till the fall of that year. James (iordnn Bennett, who was, 
 in 183*2. the Washington correspondent of Webb and Noah's press, gives, in his Herald. (Sept. iili, 1843,) the fol- 
 lowing version of his intercourse with Marcy about his noiiiinatioii as (.ovcriior : 
 
 " In 1833, during the session of (.'ongress, I was at Washiii'jtun as one of the editors of the Giuricr and F.n- 
 juirer, enjoying the confidence of the party and all concerned, and corresponding with that journal. Mr. Marcy 
 was then n member of the Senate. I had frequent personal intercourse with hini on politics alone. i< * * * * 
 During that session 1 used tu see Mr. Marcy almost every day. In the course of conversation, one day, during n 
 walk up Pennsylvania Avenue, to which he invit.'d lue, I found that the Senator had something heavy on his 
 mind, which he wished to disclose. I discovered that the heavy business on the heart of the Senator was a deiirn 
 to be brought forth in the columns of the Courier and Enquirer ns n candidate fur the gubernatorial chair of New 
 York in anticipation of tlieCmivention of the party, to be held in Herkimer in the full. We discussed the matter 
 in all ill atpecti fur several weeks. I concluded that it would Le a famous movement for the Courier and En- 
 fut'rer, and particularly for my friend Webb t4i take up, ns he was in rather an awkward jiredicument in relation 
 to the party, growing out of the discluiures about the .S.')",OU<) afl'air of the I'liited States Bunk, which had been 
 prtviously brought out by Cambteleng. In this view nfthe case. I commenced a series of iirivateletterg, addressed 
 to Mr. Webb, stating all the views of the ease— Senator Marcv's opinions — the position of Webb himself, and the admi- 
 rable movement it would be in enabling the Courier and Enquirer to checkniute the Jlrgus and 'the regency' on 
 their uwu ground. Theee letten contained u variety of the views communicated to me lot that special purpoie by 
 
 ■■..l 
 
 
23ft 
 
 WEBB, BENNETT, NATIVEISM. VAN BPREN ANP HOTT. 
 
 •■.'* 
 
 .v.-(; 
 
 
 
 V V 
 
 to him — nnd so T should pf rh'ips — but I h ive (wo reasons for not doing so — the one Is th«» jf 
 Bhoulii go over the whole matter ns I dul with you in cuiiveraaiion it would muk« a prodiuiousl 
 lona letter, and 1 am tipi> much enunged to iilford ihe time to write it, hut the second is 1 ||.,y 
 declined to "vrite to all Kditors on the siiiiject (rxeept one [Croswcll >. ] whicli I explained to vou 
 This r»8 diitioii wns early t.ikeii to pre-eive my position — tu kerpnilerit. lie will upprfciatt m 
 nioiivus and 1 hope approve of the couri-e. ... 
 
 Col. Webb's iwlioiis about I'nviitP Letters. 
 [No. 229] Jamr." Monroe, fc^sn , io.fes.se lloyt, Wall street, N. Y. 
 Bia).imingdam:, An;j;Msi 9, lb32. — 1> -irlloyt: » » * I enclo-e you a letter received from ni 
 friend Gait. Ymi will see that it cuntiiins iln; last accounts from the Army. You may, if y, 
 think proper, give the facts therein continued to some Ediior, &u< nut topublish Ihekt 
 
 ter, aa IVcbb did mine the oilier dnij. much to my aiinoymice 1 had written a letter to Gotv 
 erneurand given ceriain fuels, and he sent my Letter to Webb to take the facts — and hr. ;,ui 
 lished most of the letter — and you have seen it, you may judge it was not written for pub 
 lication. * » • » How is I3remner ? Yours truly, J. MONROE. 
 
 'Deadly hoatility' of the Van Biireti native faction to our brethren from other lands— Ho 
 long Bennett would stand up fur Van Buren — Co/. Webb — Bennett su»pected — $^00 in thi 
 Big Gun. 
 
 [No. 230.] .luiTies Gordon Bennett to J. Iloyt, N. York. — Philadelphia, 16th Augus 
 1832. t — Dear lloyt : Your letter amuses me. The only point of consequence is that conveyini 
 the refusal. This is the best evidence of the deadly hostility which yuu all have entertuinet 
 towards me. It explains, too, the course ol lite Standard and Post, in their aggressions uponnii 
 ever since I came to Fliiladelphia. The name for such a feeling in the breasts of those 1 ha 
 only served and aided at my own cost and my own sacrifice, puzzles me beyond example. I car 
 account for it in no oilier way than tlie simple fact that I happen to have been born in aimih 
 country. I must put up wiili it a.s well as I can. -4s tu your doubts and surmises about my ju 
 iure course, rest perfectly easy — / shall never ■ibandon my party or my friends, I'll go to ilii 
 bottom sooner. The assaults of the Post and Standard, I shall put down like the grass iha 
 grows. 1 shell carry the wnr into AlVica, and " curat be he who cries hold, enough." Neiilii 
 Mr. Van Buren and the Ar<Tus nur any of their true friends, will or can have any fellow feeiinj 
 with the men — the siockjobliers — who, for the last two years have been trying to destroy m 
 character and reputation. 1 know Mr. Van Biircn better — and I will stand vp in his dejenct 
 AS LONG AS HE FIOELS FRIENDLY TO ME. 1 will endeavour to do the best I can 
 get along. I will no among my personal (neiitls who are unshackled as to politics or banks, anj 
 who will leave ine free to act as a man of honor and principle. So my dear Hoyt, do not los^ 
 
 Senator Mnrny liimself. I deny timt t hnd iinilerstnod ind coininunicnted more to Mr. Webb tlian Morcy intended 
 Convey. Indeed, iihridsl every day. or every other day at that linie. Heiintur .Murey used tu meet me in thecapilol.ur.J 
 at hit own nioni. nnd there he wuiiM ih<rhi'<e to me all the iiitunnatioii vvhirh he had received Irom the renen v 
 cain|i, nt Alhnny, In order lha( I mi:;ht he enabled to npjiri'e Mr Webb of the facts, nnd i|iialify him to cotniilc* 
 the checkmate which »e iiiteiideil to fjive thcni. In nil this liiifit ?!<!', Senator Mnrcy wished to stand still lielwet 
 the two conlending clic/iits, while I wus to work the wires in Wubhinglini, and Mr. Webb was tu tire otf the bi, 
 gun in New York, iijenator Marcv and I in Washiiifiton, used to luiij^'h uiid chuckle most amusingly met iii 
 movements by whicli, throu^'h the Caiirirr and Enquinr, we accoinphshed iiltimately his nomination — clieckmsit! 
 hii iiersonul fnes at Alliany — nnd elected hini triiini|diantly Governor of this State for the first time. Before tk 
 summer was over, however,Mr. Webb bulled Irom the democratic party on the United tSlates Bankquestinn.andcurrr 
 out nguinsi the re-election of 4>eiiernl .hickson. inchidiii); uUo the election of the very man, VVilliuin L. .Mam 
 whom he had so iiiiich contributed to bring before the public. 1 stuck tu the movemeut, and left the Cgun'fT »nj 
 Enquirer on account of this bolting." 
 
 t Mr. Bennett republished this letter in the N. Y. Ilernid, but dated it n year later (1833,) and tried to expliin 
 that the S-JtMl in specie was not a bribe from the 'I'limmany Hunkers for attnckin^ the U. t^ Bonk, by referrinit Im 
 letter ot Hoyt's written twelve months nf>er, about ^ilMJ.CKX). The explanation is lame, clumsy, and built on b fnl^e 
 foundation. The followin" eilrnct from a letter of llovt to Bennett, in August, IH3.3, will show that Van Buret 
 and his men believed that Bennett, like Webb nnd Nonh. was retained against their plausible plunder achetne; In:' 
 1 see no evidence of it. 
 
 " Vuu have lieard me tnlk to Webb, by the hour [savs llovt] tif Ihe folly of his being on the face of the ret^ntil; 
 friend of Mr. Van Uiiren's, and nt the s me time attacking l)M MttST I'MIIM AND CONSISTENT FKIEMi 
 viz the editor of the Jtrgui ; and yon stand in nhnoiit the same atlitinle, nnd there are many here who believe llir 
 your friendship will end lu .Mr. Webb's lins. I willdn you lhe,j<Htice to snv that I believe no such thing, butai iIk 
 tame time I will e.\erclse the frankness to soy, that the course of your paper lays yon open to the suspicion. I knc 
 enough of alluirs to know that you had high iinthority for the gr<;un(i ymi have taken onthedeposlte quegtion, si 
 I thought you managed the subject well tiir the meridian yon are in. I was told by a person a day or two since, tliti 
 ^ou would be aided from another quarter; I could not learn how. Hut you ougMt not to ex|iect my friend at the 
 north to do any thing, not that he has an indisposition to do what is right, or that he would not serve a friend, bui 
 he if in the attitude that requires the must fistidiuiiy reserve. The peiqde are jealous of the public press, end tlie 
 momdnt it is attempted to be conlrolleil, its iiseriilnest is not only destroyed, but he who would gain public fsvui 
 through its columns is quite sure to fail. I am satisfied the press has lost some portion of its hold upon public con 
 fideoce ; recent dcvelonements have hnd a tendency to satisfy the iteople, that it» conductors, or many of thein, ni 
 least, are as negotiable as a promissory no.'e. "fhis impression can only lie removed by a firm adherence tu 
 prineiple in adversity nk well as nrusjierity. ; ;an, my dear sir, only say, ai I have befor« said to you, bo patient, 
 ' lovo toem who persecute yuu.' *' 
 
 LOBBYI.VG, 
 
 ry\r ."leep on 
 f.-ar pnthins 
 ail,: standard 
 principle.-' am 
 not 30 m ich i 
 Your lightin" 
 bencon-lie;ht ti 
 hearted fellow 
 newspapers a 
 the C. & E. 
 to do me all I 
 
 P. S. Thi 
 ahroads'de. 
 This is the B 
 only the Pyr 
 
 [No. Q3l 
 Albany, S 
 
 W<ishington 
 till winter, o 
 BYING, tni 
 
 Marry despn 
 
 [No, 232.] 
 ofThuiwiay 
 .sure. I tliii 
 I have looki 
 beat. I wo 
 secret. All 
 distrusted 
 thousand dt 
 eonfidencei 
 
 op SOMK 1.1 
 
 you will fir 
 the result, 
 not. Yet 
 York. If 
 favor, h'tt 
 BUT SPl 
 ed to dcsei 
 
 Van Bur 
 
 [No. 2; 
 Before it 
 former Id 
 has consit 
 gain ther 
 with refe 
 be conjee 
 recent tie 
 Thwtf is 
 The proc 
 understa 
 candidal 
 meet rjf'ur 
 hands, 
 vigilanc 
 in yestei 
 made a 
 
HOVT. 
 
 LOBBYIXG, DESPONDING, ELECTFONEKRING, BRIBING AND BARGAINING. 237 
 
 so— the one is ihot jf j 
 luld muk« u prodi«j, J 
 Ihiit the second is J |^.,^^ 
 picli I explained tovouj 
 He will upprfciateij 
 
 LY. 
 
 letter received from nJ 
 
 ^rniy. You mny, jf j.,1 
 
 |6tt< nut to publigh the i(ti 
 
 vritton a letter to Gut J 
 
 niE FACTS— onrf tin j,iil 
 
 I was not written for uM 
 J. MONROE. 
 
 J/rom other lamls—fh^ 
 su»pected~^''^00 (,, ^J 
 
 IX.ADEI,rHIA, 16th August 
 
 '(|iience is t»iat conveyin,' 
 
 yi/u all hate entertmm 
 
 itir aggressions iiponm 
 
 e breasts of those 1 hai 
 
 : beyond example. ]« 
 
 have been born in annlh, 
 
 nd surmises about my in. 
 
 y friends. I'll go lo \k 
 
 down like the grass thai 
 
 hold, enough." Neiihn 
 
 in have any fellow feeiin^ 
 
 «en trying to destroy m 
 
 Hand up in his dejmt, 
 
 )ur to do the best I can to 
 
 IS to politics or banks, aiij 
 
 y dear Hoyt,do noikw 
 
 . Webb than Marcy inteniieil . 
 il to meet me in the capiiol, cr.j 
 lit received I'rom the regen . 
 , niid (innlifv him to com|ilt( 
 wished to stand still lielwee, 
 Webb was lo lire otf ilie bi< 
 kle most amusinjjlv luei i < 
 1 his nomination— cliecjimsif; 
 iir the first time. Before th.; 
 Untei Bank uuestinn.und air,* 
 Bry man, VVillium L. .Marn, 
 eut, and left the Courier mi 
 
 :r (183.3,) and tried to eiplnn 
 I U. S Bank, byrererrinftliis 
 e. chinisy, and built on a fnk 
 W, will show that Van Burer 
 iluusible plunder scheme; hi;' 
 
 ng on the fare of the reciml ; 
 I CONSISTENT FIlIEMi 
 ) many here who believe lint 
 lieve no such thinjf, butm llir 
 pen to the suspicion. 1 kno« 
 on the depusite quegtinn, aiu 
 erson n dny or two since, lliot 
 It to ex|)ect my friend at ilie 
 would not serve a friend, bu; 
 » of the public press, and tlie 
 who Would gain public favm 
 I of its hold upon public con 
 luctori, or many of thern, u\ 
 'ed by B firm adhertnc* lo 
 ifor* Mid to y«u, b* fMUicoi, 
 
 rnr sleep on mv accnunt. I am c "■tain of your friendship whatever the others may say or do. 
 f.'ar 7irifhinfj in the shape of man, devil, or newsnnper ; I ciin row mv own boat, and if the Post 
 ail.; otandaid don't qet out of mv way, thoy mn-^t sink me— that is M. If I adhere to th^same 
 priric;ple> and ran hei-enftor as I have done heietof ire, ami v:kich J mean t^ do, recollect it is 
 not 30 m ich lh,at '■ I love mv persecutors" as thnt / regard my mm lunwr and reputation. 
 Your lighting up poor Webb like a fit tallow c;indle at" one end, and holdina; him out as a 
 bcncon-ncrht lo frij<liten me, onlv makes m? smile. Webb is a gentleman in private life, a good 
 hearted fellow, honorable in all his private transactions as I have f nind him, but in politics and 
 newspapcis a perf-ct child — a boy. You will n?ver find the Pennsylvanian going; the career of 
 the C. & E. That suspicion answers as a good e.Kc^ise to tho.se who have resolved belbre hand 
 to do me all the injury they can, bat it will answer for nothing else. I am. Dear Ho)rt, 
 
 Yours truly, J. O. B. 
 
 p. S. The $200 in Specie I'll put ittfn my bis; Gwi and trive the U. S. Dank and Stockjobbert 
 abroadsiik. I wish you woild let me know "an v other U. S. Bank movement in your cltv. 
 This is the Battle ground of Bank contest— here is the field of Waterloo. New York now la 
 only the Pyrren/es. 
 
 Ilnnt on Cnngradnnnl Lnb/n/ing, at M'ashington. 
 
 [No. 23l.] Lorenzo Ilovt to Jesse, his brother, in New York. 
 
 Albany, Sept. 10, 1832, Sunday.— I slio ild be very much pleased to accompany you to 
 Washington this month ; b it as I shall not be able to go more than once, I believe I shall wait 
 till winter, or early in the spring Pcrh'ps I ah all have a cnae fl/ CONGRESSIONAL LOB- 
 BYING, ini Kkick I can make it a jiniiif of pleasure and profit. 
 
 Marcy desponding — ;.s- terrified at the (Jlccts of hank dull a rs — lids Ilovt meet the DankwUh Demo~ 
 
 iratic DolUns if he can. 
 
 Two letters— William S. Marcy to J. Ho;'t, New York. 
 
 [No. 232.] Private. At.r.AN-v, 1 Oct. 1832.— Mv Dkar Sir: I did not receive your letter 
 of Thursday till last evening. I hasten to reply tf) i; — though :he answer will give you no plea- 
 sure. I think our ckince of success doubtful. Although otheis are full of courage, I am not. 
 I have looked critically over the Stale, and have r-cime to the conclusion that probahly we shall be 
 beat. I would not say tliis to vou v,ere 1 n,)t pcrfertly confident that it will remain a profound 
 secret. All reports from New York are that we shall do better than you represent: yet I have 
 distrusted them. The U. S. Dank is in thefirld, and I cannot but fear the effect of 50 or 100 
 thousand dollars expended in conducting the election in such a city as New York. I have great 
 confidence in the honesty ofthe people, bill it will nnl withstand all temptations. The corruption 
 op SOME i.KAPs to the DncKPi'ioN OF MAW. \ 'lu ought to look to the Upper Wards. I fear 
 you will find defections among the active electioneerers Though 1 speak so discouragingly of 
 the result, I do not doubt if money could be kept out of use, we should beat them. But it will 
 not. Yet great ellbrts wiihout money may save us. I hope these cfl'orts will be made in New 
 York. If 1 thought that N. Y. would do as others say it will, I should say the chance is in our 
 favor, but I feared such a result as you predict. Aly advice is — don't Drt YOUR MONEY, 
 BUT SPEND IT, as far as you legally can, to i'romotk the election. We are all determin- 
 ed to deserve success, and do not d''^]iair of getting it. Yours sincerely, W. L. MARCY. 
 
 Coali- 
 
 Vaji Durcn canvassing' the infr-tal district — the factions in Washington Co. split up 
 tion or bargain in M'tsle/icsirr — Miiillicio L. Davis calculates the votes. 
 
 [No. 233.] Ar.aANv, 'Itli Oct., 18:!2. Mv Dear Sin : Yours of yesterday is received. 
 Before it came to hand 1 had delerinined to write you in order to relieve the gloom which my 
 former letter was calculated to east over your mind. Information received siiice UTiting to vou 
 has considerably raised my hopes. V. Buren writes from /,k- infected District Uvdfwc shaU 
 gain there as much as we can lose in the other parts of llie State. That we shall gain (^speaking 
 with reference to the last Governor's election) I do niit doubt — but the extent of that gain cannot 
 be conjectured. I think it wUI be ;!()0() in tlie Hth Disuiet— and about 20;)0 in the 6th. Our 
 recent news from Washiuuton County is very Haltering. T/ir FACTIONS ^^'cre d,> not erakscc 
 Thwtf is a reasonable hope that > e sh;tll be better otl by 1000 votes Ihan has been calcnlated, 
 The proceedings in Westchester have dissipated ihe gloom that liung over that ccnty. We 
 understand that both the Ward and Hunter parties will support our I'^lecloial Ticket and State 
 candidate. Tlie charter election here has nerved our friends and inspired a delormination to 
 mcetrfforrs bij ejl'orts. Upon the whole our allaiis look prcltv well, and success is in our own 
 hands, but we' must labor to keep it. I fear more for yt)U in N. Y. than any other place. Your 
 vigilance and vigorous cfliiits can alone save you from a disappointment. Davis's calculation 
 in yesterday's C. & En. is, in many particulars, very wild. 1 have run over that calculation and 
 made a note of deductions and additions which I think may be reasonably depended on by 
 
 li 
 
.l^i^-C: 
 
 ■>'•'. ■ . 
 
 
 f-f 
 
 "\)- 
 
 f" 
 
 I -.^ 
 
 238 
 
 MARCY's ADVinj: TAKEN, G/iNERAI. WARD RKPORTS PROGRESS. 
 
 which I vnry the results. Alioiii U0,0 )0 n pretly mu:fiial variation. . ._ ,^. .. ^,. 
 
 hibited. Iiulpeil I heheva it is rather in iiik- ••mployu'eiit to lie liiaking estimates. The best 
 rule is to do the wurii !wid Acc t!iL- result. I nm, with c;reat re.'pect, youis, W ' '" 
 
 I do not with it ex. 
 ntes. The b«i 
 L. MARGY. 
 
 SiBiiriiconl, Ifoyt i\ Co. helping the Daily Srntiml and the Truth Teller^ N. Y. 
 
 (No. 234.] The lo'lowinij iti omi wiiy in wliicli |)arty iiiunsigera u.sacascd ihem-elvea in obe- 
 dience to Governor Murcy's Ifttt-r of Oct. I, to carry the cleciinn in New York hy the use o| 
 money in 1632. Theirs is a perlecily laii mode. Tiiey ():iid friiiidly editors for circulating 
 papers containing opinion.^ Iiivoriil)!!' ro iluir views, said ndiiors having previously been with theni, 
 and not having; iipostati/.ed lor a coiisidcriiiinn ! 
 
 " We tile undi-rsipiied ugree to pay the siuiis set opposite our names, towards giving a more 
 extended circulation to tl'chailv Sentinel, and the ' Truth Tclli r.' Oct. (i, 1832. — J. Hoyt 
 $aO— Tibliets $20— S. rfwartwotit ,f -20— Thad's Phelps ,$20—0. W. L. [Lawrence] igSO- 
 J. C. !$20— P. Fish !«!2()— S. .iS20— C. C. Cainbieleng )«$20— C. L. Livini;aton ,$20— J. A. 
 Hamilton ,$20— C. P, While ,«!20— H. Hone ,$20— .VI. Van Schaiclt .$20— b. Jackson $20— 
 J. 1. Cddington $20— Aiieliinclosji §20, •kc" 
 
 [Editors when pour should t;ike all the cash they can ^et tVoin men of all parlies, hut continue 
 to speak independently or not at nil. When I published the Gu/ette at Rochester, and the K.\. 
 nmiiier at New York, no man was more willing to rei'eive and thankfully acknowledge, pccii. 
 niary aid from whiir, democrat, native, loyalist, and conservative — and, to the best of my recol- 
 lection, i got donaiiiins fioin them all. If nliacking a fortress and scarce of powder would it 
 be wise in ihe besieging o.licer to refuse the gift of one or a hundred barrels ?] 
 
 Wesichtsler p')Iitirs — tlie Yoitns men .otnrird — Amen tn a vninn with Iluntrr — the Bank 
 huf^iihon — help lis to ,'iji.'}()0 — Wind electioneers for Ward day and ni^ht. 
 
 [No. 235] General Aaron Ward, M. C, to Jesse Hoyt, N. Y. 
 
 Si.NO Si.NG, (Jet. 12, 1^,'J2. — .My Dear Sir: Your letter of the 11th inst. lias been received, 
 and in reply, I have to .say that every honorable e.xerlion will be made by our party to carry the 
 election in ilie County. I did n<t i-.xpect the nomination this year, but my friends considered 
 that tnere was no other way of securing our election, and the Hunter men said they would not 
 go for .Mr. Kemble because hi! was [my] friend. Our opponents, beyond all doubt, would hiivti 
 carried a large majority against us. But I have very many personal friends who will make uw 
 of their best endeavors to carry my election, of ihi.s I am assured ; and you know that no man ia 
 the county can calculate with m <iv (;ertainty, as regards the election, than I can. Our party in 
 this county [Westchester] has but a small majority. When Van Buren ran we got but 150 
 majority, and we only ^ot 80 majority for an elector when Jackson was elected — hut 1 think I 
 can now promise you at least 1000 majority. We have started the young men — they are now 
 actively engaged — imd they will hold a meeting upon my recommendation lai Tuesday — and thiy 
 will present us with one candidate for the Assembly. This will bring them out in their strength. 
 We shall give our ticket 400 majority in this town. When I was last up I received 52!i, ihc 
 largest majority given in any other Town in the State. As regards a union with our 
 Hunter friends, I say with ail tny heart. Amen to it — my friends have always been in favor of 
 it. The Young Men's meeting will do much to bring it about, if they come in they will agreo 
 to give me their support, for they know that there was not a firmer friend of the Administration 
 in Congrca than I was. 
 
 I fear THK B.ANK influence more than anything else. I have no doubt that the Bank 
 Manacera will expend a large sum of money in this county. If our friends in town could help U9, 
 at this particular crisis, to about THREFi HUNDRED DOLLARS, we will make good use of it. 
 We have but few men who are able to help ns to means. You must sup,(ly us with 10,000 
 tickets at least — yon can have them stereotyped. Send them to mc by some safe hand, and I 
 will see them distributed in every town. I have not rested a moment since the contest com. 
 nienced, and if my health and life is spaied I shall devote all my time to it. I have been twice 
 about the county, and our prospects are cheering. I liave met with friends where I lea.st 
 expected them, and strong friends too. I wish you to look into the act, and see whether Con- 
 gress and Electors go on one ticket. Look well into this. From the last act I should think not. 
 
 Truly, A. WARD. 
 
 Jesse's help thanlifully acknowledgid — Ward will meet the bank in its own coin — has spent 
 much money — a Bank nge^t — an office for a friend is a debt to be paid — every man has 
 his price — secret semire—Ward ready to expose rogues on t'other side, (MackfHxie fashion,) 
 — expects to turn a 1400 majority. 
 
 [No. 236.] The same to the same. 
 
 Sina Sing, Oct. 29, 1832. — My Dear Friend : I return you many thanks for yonrkind letter— 
 
 and for the assurance you have given tP" that I shall have aid from your good city, if not before, 
 
 certainly aftei 
 good work, I 
 individual in 
 self. / do not 
 about the eoui 
 ^.THEBA 
 SAMECOIP 
 much more tl 
 alion to bear 
 —and aa mat 
 
 The last ei 
 agents, and h 
 went — but ht 
 8ome genllen 
 name of the t 
 the purse sti 
 may. 
 
 It seems t 
 one of the mi 
 1400— and w 
 I sincerely be 
 upon your gi 
 shall have tl 
 with them in 
 
 Governor 
 betting on el 
 pie: — 
 [No. 237.] ( 
 
 To Jesse I 
 THE BR A (J 
 SUM WlLl 
 In this State 
 a decisive 
 us. I am, 
 
 r/«e Valian 
 
 [No. 
 [Private, 
 it a breeze 
 certain inf 
 less confidi 
 I am not 
 be regarde 
 duction to 
 enemy wi 
 ply this — 
 many fraii 
 of the Jud; 
 which WB 
 loons, for 
 the Comp 
 no danger 
 
 —My Dent 
 acqunintoi! 
 of in»iiepti 
 EARNE9' 
 ture day ' 
 ciieinyoi 
 
 t Weitc 
 lowinz thi 
 Cnnrtituti 
 
WARD AND THE BANK, HILL S BETS, AND MARCV's BREECHES. 
 
 239 
 
 certainly after the close of the election. As yon concluded by requi-sting me to go on in the 
 good wurit, I havd lo suy in reply, that I will go on; und 1 doubt much whether there is asingia 
 individual in the State, that i.-<, or that h:iA been inort: active in promoting the cause than my- 
 self. / do not allow myself to sleep half as much us heretujore. 1 am cither writing letiera or riding 
 about the county half the night us long as 1 can find a man stirring witli whom I cun converse. 
 At THE Bank A-j« its agents here, it has become necessary Jor vie TO MEET IT IN THE 
 SAME COIN* — und I have been constrained in self-defence to expend a great deal of moneif— 
 much more than I can afford — and I shall be obliged still to expend more. I am not in a situ- 
 ation to bear the whole expense of the election, and yet all the expenses come upon my shoulders 
 —and as matters now stand, it will not do for me to stop to inquire the costs. 
 
 The last evening Miijor Sing and iiiyseif had u conversation with one of those [U. S. Bank] 
 •gents, and he informed us thut he did nut, as regards liiiiiaelf, care a single pin huw the election 
 wen: — but he said, every man had his price, und he had his — and he hud received money from 
 some gentlemen in New York, but before it was pvl m his hands he took an oath not lo tell the 
 name of the men from whom he received it. If I can find out the name of the man who kuldt 
 the purse strings in this County, his name shall be brought before the public be \t whom it 
 may. 
 
 It seems that you turn all your attention lo Long Nland. Allow me to tell you that this is 
 one of the most important couniies in the state. Recollect, the majority against us laut yeor was 
 1400 — and we are now engaged in endeavoring to curry a nia'ority for our entire ticket — and 
 I sincerely believe thnt wc shall give you a good account of ,hi.s democruiict county. 1 rely 
 upon your giving me some aid hereafter, and will go on in t it good work most cheerfully. I 
 shall have the returns of this and Pumaiii Counties on the b'>i- -and will come to New York 
 with them in person, if I am not worn down by my labors. 
 
 In haste, I am, truly, A. WARD. 
 
 Governor Hill of New Hampshire, like his friend Wright at Albany, may have denounced 
 betting on elections, in his public messages, but he did not do so in his private ones. Fur exam- 
 ple : — 
 [No. 237.] Concord. N. H. Oct. 15. 1832. [Franked, Concord, Oct.18— ." Isaac Hill, S. U. S."] 
 
 To Jesse Hoyt — My clear Sir — Yours of the ]2ih was last evening received. TO MEET 
 THE BRAGGARTS OF THK OPPOSITION I ADVISE MY FRIENDS THAT ANY 
 SUM WILL BE SAFE ON THE ELEC TORAL VOTE OF Pennsylvania and New York. 
 In this State we nie so strong, that should every other desert liiiii, we may be relied on as giving 
 a decisive majority fir Andrew Jackson. Yet the Bank is scattering its thousands here to affect 
 HS. I am. Sir, respectfully, Y'our friend and obedient Serv't, ISAAC HILL. 
 
 The Valiant Warrior, Murcy, on his Biarcrii and his Frerches — The Barber's Bill — Frauds 
 
 and Peculations. 
 [No. 233.] Senator Mnrcy to Jesse Hoyt, New York. Albany, 16th Oct., 1832. 
 
 [Private,] My Dear Sir — Your letter of Monday eveniiiir I received this morning, and with 
 it a breeze from the South, that gives some of our folks a chill. The opposition pretend to have 
 certain infonnatioii that Rimer is elected. Thouirh we do not yet yield to this belief, still we are 
 less confident than we were yesterday of Wolt"'s Election. As to the Pantaloons affair, perhaps 
 I am not the person best qualified to advise. Tlioiitrli the charge was right in itself, yet it must 
 be regarded as an anfurtunate onr, because, ao easily turned into ridicule. I showed your pro- 
 duction to Flagg — he thought it very well, but seemed to think it was n little too formal. The 
 enemy will have their laugh, but I hope it will not do much mischief. The true explanation ip<'im- 
 ply this — When Comptroller, I had always made war on lumping charges, because I wassatit.ied 
 many frauds against the Stale had been perpetrated by them. The law provided the payment 
 ofthe Judge's expences in holding the Special Circuit. I kept a particular account of them 
 which was handed to the Comptroller. While on this business some work was done on Panta- 
 loons, for which the Tailor charged Fifty cents ; it was entered on the account, and went into 
 the Comptroller's hands without a particular retlection how it would appear in print. 1 feared 
 no danger for I knew no sin. lean not adrise huw it is Lest to treat the subject. The article 
 
 i. 
 
 i* 
 
 ♦ Aaroa Wnrd, M. C, to Ren. Snimiel Swnrlwout, 1)0 riinmbere st. — City Hotel [N. V'.] Nov. 27. 1834. 
 —My Denr Cener;il, 1 calleil tit your limisetliiseveiiiii?, with a iiersonnl I'rioncl Mr. Devenn, in oriler to make you, 
 acnunintod with liim. He is a gentleman of sirrliiig wortli nnil InlnKfily. anil ho is itesiroui of getting the aituation 
 of lns|iertnr. I know how ymi are pressed, hut INTHI.S I.NRTANCE I feel a deep iittcrest, I.V FACT I AM IN 
 EARNEST; and if you XDitl oblige me by givinz him the situation. I will itt return do you a service at some fa 
 ture day which shall more than requite you. Do not aay no, if it is now convenient, lio, I entreat you. bftar his 
 case in your remembrance. I am truly, A.WARD. 
 
 t Westchester County was one of the very few which gave a mnjority of votes, in November, 1845, aftainst al- 
 lowing the people of New York State to meet in Convention, in 1846, for the revision and improvement of the 
 Constitution. 
 
940 
 
 MARCY'S WAH services. RITCHIE ON WEBB. INGHAM ON (LAY. 
 
 I:-'. 
 
 
 
 at 1 
 
 In the Argun, Iieiided, ' A very ginve affair, 't is perhnps n^ full nn explnnntion as the trunsac- 
 tion will admit of. But it will hf well to connect it, ifniucli niiiRt bi> Buid on it, with the great 
 fraudi and peciilr.tiona of ilollpy, Van Tnyl, John V. N. Yntta — (who I bi'lieve for love of nif 
 writes nmny of thogciirnloim articles in our pnpera.) in appropriating n'lout .^t^OO of Podlers' 
 License Fees, &c. See. Now ii» to my War SrrvicfH, (a more ugrfuable ouhji-ct,) I was out 
 two campaigns — in 1812 on the norihi-rn frontier — bi'longed to the pnrty which took from the 
 enemy at h't. Reizis the first sttind of colors taken in the latu wor, on land, and the first prison- 
 ers (nboiit 40 in numhrr.) These prisoners weru in n houNe huilt of Fqnare timber. I personally 
 headed the party ih U look them — niynelf broke o|H-n the hou!<e, entered it, and took from the 
 hands of the soldiers their arms, Sn\ 1 cnru not how much this matter is handled, but rather 
 they would let my pantalnons almie. I return your temark". Yours, A-.c. W. L. MARCY. 
 
 Ritchie prodigiouily sfnsitive — Wrbb attacks him — what impudence ! — Wehh denounced lu an 
 
 apotlate .' — Mumford'n help invoked — Ritchie betton Jackson, as Butler pays at Sandy 
 
 Hill, " in a small way." 
 
 (No. 239.] Thomas Ritchie, Editor of the Enquirer, to J. Iloyt, N. Y. 
 
 RicHMONr, Oct. 20, 183;! — My dear Sir: I have been prevented by several prrs-oing engage, 
 ments from prpsentins; ymi my sincere ocknow!edi»ements for the kindness you have rendered 
 me. In truth, I wished to send yon the notire in the Enquirer which I in'.cnded Co have taken 
 of Webb's illiberal and nnwarrantnblo attack. 
 
 His attark by the Cholera delnyed my article, and then I was eneaged in assisting in prepar. 
 ing the Address of the .laekson Central Committee — niid I really had no time then to write you, 
 I have taken the liberty of .spndinjr yuu the two lust Enquirers. The one containing the ai'- 
 dress, and ve»tT(liiy'R p'lper, giving Oufl' Green's recantation on the subject of Mr. Jeflerson's 
 letter and Webb's artiele. 
 
 Permit me i/nv, sir, to thank you most cordinlly for the service yon have dour me. It ena- 
 bles me to i)ut ''int ciiliimny iisniimt me at rest for ever. P^ven Webb has not ha<l the aiidariiy 
 to justify his mipreprespntaiion, or to rebut my answer, but liy trumping up other calumnies and 
 abuse acainst me. 
 
 Between ourselves, the lettter whieh closes my article, is from the gentleman who marrie.;' 
 Mr. Jefferson's grand (hiUL'hter— lived in his fiimilv — and copied his manuscripts for the press 
 after he was dead. He deserves the hisrh chi)rneter I have given him. Indeed nothing evr 
 did surprise me more, than that Webb had the impudence to about Mr. Jeffersou's 
 
 opinions. 
 
 There are hundreds in Vircinia who would to the favorable sentiments of that dis. 
 
 tinciii«bi;d man towards myself. 
 
 Will you add to ihe fivor you have done me by askin? of Mr. Miimford the kindness to re- 
 publish in the S'audnrd, my reply to J. W. Webb. The tipnutate will never do me the justice, 
 whi<-h I have lately done him in a cnse into which I was thrown into some mi-f^ike about him. 
 Will Mr. M. ilo me the favor to spread my defence before the People of New York as soon as 
 he cnn find spnre space for it? 
 
 I think pverv ihi-nr is workint; riL'ht for A. Jncksnn. I AM RETTTNO TMR ER TO ONE 
 ON HIS RE.ELECTIOV, IN A PM \I,L WAY. .Ip to Vircinia, nhe will hr found right tn 
 the day nf election next Mondnv fortnight. The legislative Ticket will prevail. 
 
 Present me mo=t kindly, with my thanks to Mr. Uowne. and my re-peefs, tho-ieli (lersonallv 
 unknown, to Mr. Livingston. (iratefiilly yonr.^, THOMAS RITCHIE. 
 
 i i ' 
 
 .9. D. Jnghnm. Srr. Trens., to Jesse Hmjt, N. York. 
 [No. 210] WASuiNT,To>f, lOili Nov. 18.12 — Dear Sir : I thank yon for the information 
 in your letter of the 8th. This Election, toseiherwith that of Pa., must kill Anti-masonri. 
 They will not again r:ii«e that fl^iK in the nation, and scarcely in ii State. It will he driven 
 back into a few counties — but Mr. CIny is also done ; however desperately he may fisht in a for- 
 lorn hope, that is not the charncler of hit friendx. They canmit npain be brought np to tlit- 
 charge. Youre with great respect. S. D. INGHAM. 
 
 I.Tiidie Marry wn? pnnr. und nliceii in ntlire to «nvo him tVom rum. In IStn. tlie le;islrtliir? of >'.•«• York 
 pn«fed n liw requlrinj rino of the Supreme f'oiirt .Iiulgp^lii hnlil n ('irniit in Ninsorn Pontitv, to trv the'n tioiincnii 
 fnr killin? Mor£(in t^ir wrilin?nlioiu m?uonrv nnit ilirpi-toil thrit his expen'"p« sh'mlil he iiniil. Mnrcv wt iselerteil. 
 anH he ttet't sn ncronnt nf every rent exupmlpcl. iimoni? wliirh h« eniimerntpil '3") rents tn n 'liitrnln I nrlier, mil 
 !>neent« to « fnilor f.)r<!ewins nn n verv nn*ishtly rent in his hrpcrlici. Ahniit this extrn-indKin?. cxt ii-niiv, unit 
 his tnilnrs nnd hurhers' liills. n liinch wms rni-.' 1. whirh ho \vt« woakenniish iir wise enoiish tn Irent n nbovp. If 
 inrh cnrefnlness in detnils hiid l>epn hi< wnrst fiiilt. I wonhl hnvp heen nmnn? his wnrnipjt ndmifBr*. Ilii wnr 
 pntf npppiirpd in due form in t!ie Arjis nnd F.veiim? I'nst. nnd (h>nhtl^?« ;iiilpd his dertion. He had snid in the 
 United fMtea ^<emte, tliat" To the Vii'lnrR hph>n;»tlio.-^|MiiK," and on tlnil prinripip did ho ;idniin «ter the.'jovern- 
 mentof N. Y. !Marcv is over tifVy ycnrs ofn^p, I have hc:ird, hnt nm nut snrplliutit is ?o, thut he is from Man. 
 and eamo to Troy, opened a shoe store there, ond then turned lawyer, like Iloyt. 
 
 f(» barefar^d 
 
 uiid'-r Ui 
 
 (No. 241. 
 
 lit.i.Kt?, N 
 
 U, .'Mr. Vim I 
 urB, owe their 
 ion snd nctlm 
 riiinoi he a di 
 inblithment, a 
 I as Coiiniies, 
 
 I was one o 
 I ind raised the 
 
 The nppera 
 w.irk they wei 
 own names. 
 ty individuals 
 premlsea Hte n 
 
 \Uhe. parly 
 would have be 
 (ji peeled. 
 
 A thought \ 
 a\e\ whether 
 OKA BANK 
 
 There en no 
 
 The I irge ii 
 wnriis US coll 
 with the inipo 
 CO.NSlDiilli' 
 
 Tne folio wi 
 
 The capital 
 of Tamm iny 
 authorized lo 
 10 he lor threi 
 would rec ive 
 kan, which, i 
 
 In the inea 
 WDiild piiil'.i 
 jieriliun tlie 
 citfar off the 
 
 My oiiiniiii 
 the C'ly—hut 
 cannot he ii 
 chnnlnble nt 
 
 If you iliii 
 on due coiisii 
 should be pii! 
 nitme of the i 
 
 /loi.v/i it t' 
 institutiii:i- 
 chtf' rtully nil 
 
 Y.iu will, 
 e.rpeditnt. 
 
 Iloyt desires 
 
 [No. 2. 
 Albany, 
 what I cou'.i. 
 
 * Ijorenr.o di 
 H.>vt,. t'leirle 
 .hill. 18:;3, hiiv 
 distrirt which 
 r«iii ition WMS 
 bv STEPHF,? 
 ii'I'tnn, with 
 v>cre9ucee»iifk 
 
M ON CLAY. 
 
 VAN BOREVISM UNMASKED. ALLFN'S TAMMANV BA!ft. 
 
 t41 
 
 Innation as the trunsac- 
 lid on it, with the great 
 bi'lieve fur love of mf 
 'tout ,$pnO of Pcdlefg* 
 ble suhject,) I was out 
 y which took from the 
 id, and the first prison- 
 re timber. I personally 
 id it, and took from the 
 ^r IH handled, but rather 
 >c. W. L. MARCY. 
 
 -Webb denounced at on 
 Butler pay a at Sandy 
 
 royt,N. Y. , , , 
 everal pressing enpajje. 
 ness you have rendered 
 '. in'.cnded lo have taken 
 
 d in assisting in prepar. 
 o time then to write you, 
 one containing the ac'- 
 bjcct of Mr. JefTerson's 
 
 linvp (lour niP. It enn- 
 loa not had :he aiidariiy 
 up other calumnies anil 
 
 gentleman who marrie,,' 
 oiiuscripto for the press 
 Indeed nothing evr 
 about Mr. JefTersou's 
 
 le sentiments of that dis. 
 
 ford the kindnpss to re- 
 
 nevrrdome iliejustire, 
 
 nnie mi«f:ikf' about him. 
 
 of New York as soon as 
 
 fNGTHRRRTOOXE 
 hr will he found right en 
 II prevail. 
 
 prrfi, tho'i^h personailv 
 HOMAS RITCHIK. 
 
 ■;;•. 
 
 you for the information 
 Hist kill Anti-masonr'. 
 fate. It will be driven 
 ety he mnif fishl in a for- 
 I be brought np tn tli'* 
 S. D. INGHAM. 
 
 tlie leijslntiir" of >■'.■«■ York 
 ■'iiunf V, til trv the 'p lirtineni) 
 e imiil. iMnrrv wr «sel9rtpil. 
 Ills rn n 'tntrnln i nrlifr, "ml 
 (xtrn-iiiilitinij. cxt ii-imv, <inii 
 piuiiiffli to Iri'nt II nbnv. If 
 wnrriipst niliiirwrj. Ilii wnr 
 le-'lliiii. He Imd snid in the 
 liil he admin «ter thejjovorn- 
 it is so, thut he is from Mais. 
 
 ftt barefaced even for ll»yt ! — Stephen AUen't Ta.mnany Hall Bank, to bring the. Denueracy 
 uiidir the dirrr/ iiijliience nf exclus'VC privileges, in o/'ca niickeiy nj their prinrtplts. 
 (No. 241.] Sitiplieii Allen, Riceiver GeiierulolSub Tr«osuiy'» advice to Ju9»e Iloyt uiN. Y. 
 
 ^t.»\Hi, Sif. 2i, 183J — 'JMrSir: N)tliii'4 i* m >ro true tim thi; ooservanon made 
 tiy Mr. Vim Buren lit iIk; Ueiiineratic fesiivol ; tliiit the (leiimrriitic p iriy, in a great m«a*> 
 lire, owe their present and previous viiiiories to Tnnvnany Hall, the pl;ice of conceturated opin- 
 )(in and notion, nnd a rtillyin;; p'^ini of the deinocrncy of the city, or words to ihiit ellect. Ttiere 
 piiinot be a doubt but ihat the building of that IIiill, .iiid thus far prenerving it ns ft Parly Ei- 
 iiilUhment, and a rallving place on all occMfiuns fur ihe Republicans of liie City and surruuiul* 
 in: Coiiiities, h'lS been one of the means of our triumplis. 
 
 I was one of the Cmitiiitice who purchased the ground — made the confracis for building— 
 and raised the immcy to pny fjr it. 
 
 The opperiition* oi thut Committee ard'ous and responsible, as during the progress of the 
 wiirk they were fi^quenily compelled to rii.se coiisidi-rnbltf sums cm the res loiivrthility nf iheir 
 own names. The whole estahiiBhmeiit cost about $05,000 ; nil of which i-uin wns subecribed 
 by individuals of the p.iriy except $18,000 (if I recollect right,) and for which last sum the 
 premises Hre now under mortgage. 
 
 JftA^pir/y priiperly esiiinited ihe benefit it has received from the establitihmenf, this debt 
 would have been cleared olT by subscription long .since ; but such a result, perhaps, is not to be 
 ciipected. 
 
 A thought has therefore ocfiirred to me, and which it it" the object of this letter tn cominunl. 
 oniei whether the t'Xiinction of ihis debt inny nut he ofrnitted by obta'nin^ the CHARTER 
 OF A BANK, by tin- nnitu- of TIIK TAMMANY B.^NK. 
 
 7'Aerc canot be a more fiinornhle jierlnd than the present for such an cpplicntinn. 
 
 The Itrge majority we have in both IIoiisc-s and ih" good feelin'; evinced by the Country to- 
 wiriia US coii^icjueiit oi the lurgi^ vote s^iven by the City tn ill-' demofratic candidntes, lugeiher 
 with the iinpiirtnnt ohji'ct ofr-lievinn Od Tonimany I'rom its enibiirinssments, WITH OTIIER 
 CO.NSlDiiRA I'iUNS, 1 flioiild prfsume wonhi cirry the lull through tiiuiiiplianily. 
 
 Tne followiii,' pla i of;! Binli, I think woold elii-ci tlii- object. 
 
 Thecipitalto beKiVC HUNDRED TIIOU-SANIJ DOLLARS AT LEA.ST. The Society 
 of Tamminy to be PfUVlLlDi.Jl^f^ tosubsciibe for $-100,001) of the Stoi-k. The Bank to be 
 authorized to Inand the uiiionnf on their bond, nt an interest of three per cent per aiiiiiim the loan 
 to be lor three or four vf.ir:'. If tlw- Uoik divides f'lK pir ctiit on its stock, the SOCIETY 
 would ri'C ive THRLE TIIOUSA.VD DOLL •VR.'s annually, over and above the interest on t!ie 
 loan, which, in ihree veur's would ainoniu to ,"$9,000. 
 
 In the mean time iIk: etoek urmhl iidvunje in value, nnd ;/ sold at tlie rii<l of ihv e or four years. 
 Would pr'il'iibly he v.-oiili i.n | nr <eni nliuve par, ncttiiiu' :< c'eiir gain of ,§10,000, by which op- 
 lieratiun the Socii ty would be put into posscision o!" §19,000, a fund more than tufficienl lo 
 dear off the inciiriibr;ince. 
 
 My niiiniuii you nn diii'jt know /? in r.pposiiinn to nn increnxc nf thi-i^e Hanking Munopnlies in 
 the City — but the Lcs:^!ituic WILL »ri!>e thrni—nnd therefore IF Wr.miiM hnve iAem, there 
 cannot be ii mo'e lei^iiiiiKite ohitct to be effti'tiil, both in u party point of view, as well as the 
 chnril'tble .Tttnhutf? of the .So'iciy, than ih>- one iilimli-d to. 
 
 If you iliiiik well of ihi' inatUT, I wi>h you would consult ^ome nf our leading men— nnd If, 
 on due considnntion, the proj-c' sluMild be deemed proper, i; wid be iicci r.^aiy that a notice 
 should be published of the iiueruioii to apply, ich'c.'i you. know may be published without tlie 
 name nf the nppUcnul. 
 
 Iwiih it In be distinctly uitdrrstnod that I cannot serve in nny nf the offirfu crtnled by such an 
 institution — but nny as.-istuncc I can givu in advancing the interests of Old Tummaiiy will be 
 che' rlully alToriUd. 
 
 You will, of cour ?. let the matter drop u up in a view of the subject it shall be deemed in- 
 e.^pedient. 1 am v. iih due respect, your o>"t serv'i, STEPHEN ALLEN. 
 
 Hoyt desires C. L. L'vin^ston in be rc-ehcted !^,onker of A'-^etv'.iUj — ht him renounce his prin- 
 ciple<) — we must be hontilc !•} the pres'i.vt bunk of the U. S. 
 [No. 212 ] Lorenzo Hovi, Albany, to his brolhir ,Ies-se, at New Yoik. 
 
 Ai.BA.VY, Dec'r. 19, 1F.12.— IJiAR BROTitER : In one of your late leliers yon wislied me to do 
 what I could to make Cli.irle.i Liviiicriton, t Speaker; this I will eheeifilly do; but his cjurse 
 
 M.oienr.odidnot Iili iir in vain for the OM Unnkcru nf Tnmminy. nt l!i j rciinost. of their mnn of all work Je»>« 
 H"Vt.. Chiirlee liivni;'^ti:n was re-electcil SjuvikiT ufiiio .Asscinlily \vi'!i liut h tie oiv.m-i'timi— nnd ii thinl tima ia 
 ,Iiiii. 'l8:!3. hiivinj rorp.v.'ilO'.lvcte-^ (■i,l(.liii C Sp'jnrci's C.!. 'I'lif llunki-r'. u'-\'. iivni^) Imn 'ln'^r i?«nHtnr fur Uie 
 district which inoludps tli« nlv »l New Vork, nnd their tL'|ircscit ilivu »r,7.f rrmj srnij uiTtrnj of iiis |inlroi;!>. A 
 rejdiiiion w:i» inlnidiic-cl I'll.i llio SlmmIu iii I?;)-.' iininst rL^'hiirt.'riM'; tlio ITniti'd Hmtes llit'ik. which wa- oppotod 
 bv STEPMF.N AI-Ll'.N ii-.il i'lhiT.< :iiid siippurtcd hv N. P. 'riiMniuli.'e. Kinionds and UcinUley. Sponker I.iv- 
 iiiC«ton. with Messrs. V;iii c>i-h:nck nnd Siilwpll wont with IMino'ids f.irllif l',S. liiil;, hutlho pel hunk coulitioo 
 were iucceiiful. Lureuzu lloyl w.iliCi Liviiig^ti^n t'J ^i^ei" l** "^"i'"-' round to tlie iicls. 
 
 "I 
 
 .7! 
 
 l5* 
 
 ■M 
 
t H; 
 
 242 THR PRESENT (!) BANK. AN ANCHOR AHEAD. BI.AIR DEFEATED, AND HOW. 
 
 if 
 
 
 
 rM.-t 
 
 .'If if-! ' . 
 
 
 last month, in rrlation to the United States Bnnk resolution, I fenr will defeat him, unless hig 
 mind on that subji'Pt. hns undergone a change, and he ia willing to avow it. Otis was a conspt 
 CU0U9 advocate ot'lhi? Dlorrhmiufi rraoliition, as originally introduced, and I think that circum- 
 stances will give hini a decided advantage in the contest for Speaker, over any man that took 
 the course that Livingston did. 
 
 I think the [[J. S.j Hank question will enter, more or less, into every other political one that ig 
 agitated here this winter — and 1 rhink and hope that our friends will feel nc disposition, to re- 
 trace, in any degree, their steps last winter. As a party in this Stale, I think we are fully com- 
 mitted to a roune nf uncomprnmisins hmtility to 'WW, PKESKNT Bank — and if Old Hickory 
 hassulFered himself to be duped — which I think tint iinlike.lxf — by Livingston and McLane, he 
 must take the consequences. 
 
 In addition to Otis sind Liviiiszston, 1 have heard a Mr. Litehfield, a member from one of the 
 western counties, nanjcd as a cimdidate for Speaker ; and if he will consent to run, which is 
 doubtful, he will probably be nominated, lie is an old member of the House, and has beea 
 a member of Con'tress ; and there was a strong disposition amonji the rountry membera to 
 run him last year, but he deelirted. If you know anything about Livingston's present viiws 
 on the Bank que«tir,:i, I wi;-li you to write nie fortluvitli. if ho is wise a)i<l wishes to acquire 
 and maintain a standing with t\m Democracy of this state, he must renounce the principle by 
 hin. "...owed la.« winter. * * » >• * *" L. HOYT. 
 
 I\[ork Democrats anxious to become United Slntfis Hank Directors. 
 [No. 213.] C. C. Cainbrelpng to Jesse llnyt, N. Y. 
 
 Wasiiinuto.v, Jan. 10, 1SH3, — Di'-aii Sir : You are surpriied at the appointment of Mr. Alley 
 as Bank Director instead of .Mr. Jackson. I was neirliiTeut in not writinrj to .Mr. Jackson a 
 second time. Thi- dav .Mr. AVliiti left here hi- stated that Mr. .McLane desired us to say wlio 
 should be ajipointed, tliat he, Mr. White, had named ^Ir. Alley. I luKl him 1 was coinrnitteit 
 to Mr. Jackson, and should reeoiiiiticnd him — .Mr. While then said that he would concur with 
 m« in supporting i\lr. Jackson, and he wished me to write to Mr. McLane that h<' did so concur. 
 I wrote him in beliali' of iMr. White and niyseil', and also wrotr him that I understood Mr, Ver- 
 planck to be also liivorable to Mr. Jackson. After this 1 presumed tlu^ matter settled, and so 
 wrote 10 Mr. Jackson, .'^oinc day.s after I learned to my surprise, from .Mr. McLane, that iti 
 consequence of Mr, White's having named Air. Alley, wiiom he presumed would be satisfactory 
 to the Delegation, he had gone too fir to recede, before he recfived my letter. I ousht to havp 
 written this to Mr. Jackson, but oniitted to do so. You will oblige me by e.xplaiiiinjr it to him. 
 
 Very truly yours, C. C. CAMRRKLKNfJ. 
 
 »' ■ 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 ■•'■;, ) ' 
 
 i '• . > 
 
 .' • . ♦ 
 
 Very secret rea'")iii< for appoint iin; Allrti. The vny our friend Coildington got in hr Poxtmns- 
 
 tfr of Xein York. 
 
 [No. 244.] Same to Same. Washington, Iflih .Tan'y, 1833. 
 
 Prtvatr. Dear If. — I wi.-ih you to sho'.v the enclosed letter to Mr. Jackson. Air. MeLaiip, 
 besides which that letter conttiins i^whieh is a true statement'i had other >rai>on.t irhirh cannot bt 
 explained on poprr. There was no deeeplion — no want of influeiiee about it — the question 
 rested on other (.Toundrj iiltogetlier. 
 
 Say to our friend C fCuddinirton"! in an-^vver lo his enquiries, that I had this mnrnintr a 
 frank and f ill coiners.iiiou witii Mr. Harry, who tells lue thai he never authorized .Mr. Smith to 
 believe that he would appoint him, ai.d that li'> h;ul no idea of doing utiy such thing. Mr. 
 Smith's going on to New Y'ork has done him injury — hi: will not pet the office. Ir is well 
 understood by the Pnsident, Mr, Barry, and by all who have any inlhience here, that when a 
 change takes pltiee Mr, C, will iiniloiihtedly be the man. Although I cainiot and 'vill not he 
 instrumental in the removal o'i .Mr. (iouveriieur, I will take care that our republican fiiends 
 ahull not be disippoinied lor the Ir.^t time. fl7(cn a change takes place, Mr. Coddin^ton will 
 be the choice of the President and the i'. M. G. 
 
 .Smcerely yours, C, C, rAMRRElLPlNG. 
 
 XT Your letter is destroyed — do the like with (his. Gov. Throop and Mr. Crai:.; were nonii- 
 nnied to-day. 
 
 One excellent vote by Gulian C. Vcrplanck — a pair of caniins hypocrites nvt-genernlcd. 
 [No. 245.] Same to Same, Wasiii.ngto.v, l.'ith Feb. 1833, 
 
 Dear H. — Yesterday Mr. Verplauck's vote xcould Jtate elected Mr. Blair — to-day the Bunk 
 have elect id a printer for us by one vote. 
 
 I understund Mr. V. F's. The value of pledges may now be understood. 
 
 Sincerely yours, C. C. CAMBRELENO. 
 
 ii • J. ■' •■ 
 
FEATED, AND HOW. 
 
 1 
 
 defeat him, unlegg hig 
 it. Otis Wits a conspl 
 nd I think that circum- 
 over any man that tooli 
 
 ther political one that is 
 el no dispii8itii)n, to re- 
 
 thiiii; we are fully com- 
 nk— and if Old Hickory 
 igstoa and McLane, he 
 
 neinlier from one of the 
 
 inserit to run, which is 
 
 House, and has been 
 
 country members to 
 
 irrg«!on"s present viivs 
 
 mill wishes to acquire 
 
 uoinu'e the principle by 
 
 L. HOYT. 
 
 Directors. 
 
 ipoinlmenf of Mr. Alley 
 
 iiinr; to Mr. Jackson !i 
 
 desired iis to say who 
 
 1 liirn J was coinrnitieil 
 
 t lie would concur with 
 
 le that he did so concur. 
 
 t I understood Mr. Ver- 
 
 ' iiiiittcr settled, andsi. 
 
 n Mr. McLane, that in 
 
 eii would be siitiafnctory 
 
 letter, f oiieht to hnve 
 
 by expliiinine- it to him 
 
 C. CAMBRKLKNG. 
 
 s(ton got to fir Puxtmns. 
 
 ov, lOih .[.-in'y, 1P33. 
 ;ieki=on. Air. McLniip, 
 riMjiis irhirh caitmt bt 
 alioiif it— the question 
 
 I iKid this tnorningf « 
 iiilioii/cd .Ml-. Smiiti tn 
 ; any such ihinz. Mr. 
 t/ir nffirp. It is well 
 'nee lure, thnt when a 
 aiiiMt and rvill not he 
 our reputilirMU friend? 
 , Mr. CutUiiijrtou will 
 
 camrr[.;lf:ng. 
 
 Mr. Crai;^ wejcnonii- 
 
 itrs oiil-gcntrnhd. 
 ■o.v, L-Jih Feb. 1833, 
 tf,r— to-day the Bank 
 
 I 
 CAMBRELENC. 
 
 TtiE GOLD mini:, V. S. LOMBARD TRAN.SFER, AND BROTHERS WETMORE. 
 
 J43 
 
 c oj 
 
 Ptt of Gold Mine on Gen'l Jackson — Clay— Nullification dead — the Golden L tlery — \''nlu 
 
 Gold Mines— a $20,000 prize. 
 
 No. 24().] R. L Arnold, to Jes.se Hoyt, New York. 
 
 White EIall, [Savnnnnh, Ga.,] March 14, 1833. — Dear Sir • Since 1 lust wrote you I have 
 not received a line tVoia IJoyd ; and the only oflieiid inte'ligince iliut 1 have of his proceedings, 
 1 received through your letter of the IHili iilt. which came to hand a few days since ; find nlso a 
 certificiite of one share of tin; N. A. Mining Go's, stock, the one due me out of the cixshnrca 
 remitted to pay the bet of Jice shat^s Inst by inc uii the re-eler.tinn of Gfiirrul Jiickstni. It is 
 siran^e times in the poliiicMl world, such revoluiicns I never helore witne.'^sied, and irere I in the 
 jield, I should Le soiuewhal at a loss on what side lufighl. Jiicksoii has cert;iinly rlsfn in my 
 estimation since 1 s:iw yon, iiiid of CIny's proceediniis I do not know what to tlinik or say, but I 
 suppose we shall know more ere loiii;. Nulliticanoii liein;^ dead, it will not be long be. 
 fore something else will be tiotten up to create a political c.xi-ittinent : wlni that rn;iy he timB 
 alone will dcvelope. You auk me how the Gold Lottery is crlling on ? and what » fleet it will 
 have on our stock i lii answi.r to the fiisi, 1 know but little re.s;iec.tin2; it, e.\ceptini» that I un- 
 derstand the drawing is neaily tinislied ; and with respect to the last, 1 bhould nrcsume it wuuld 
 decrease the market value uf all mines, so many beinir ofli-icd for sale. Ai vrt, linwevr, I li.:ve 
 not heard of any rh iii'^iinir \i\i\il:f, thou,';h I should piesunio some salt S had been eiiccled. I 
 know that many pi'isoiis did speculate in the chanci u before the drawiPif. The best .spicuiiilion 
 i have heard of laie was liy a iieiglibour of mine who went into Savannah last week, bontiht a 
 ticket in one of the mu-tliern lotteries, for $5, and ilu; f)llowiii;jr dav rcTived the miclli^^en'-e of 
 iishaving dravsn ^-JO.OOtJ— took $17,000, and came home. Yours, &,c. R. J. ARiNOLD. 
 
 General Prosper M'f humble prnyrr to Collictor Stcarticovt, for a family ndmi»iiion into his po- 
 litical Poor Hoiixe — a queer nrgnnfnt, backed by Cornelius IV. Lawrence, Price, Lee, Allen, 
 and other Wire Pnllfrit of imtendcd Drnwcrncy. 
 
 [No. 2lG(i.] General Prosper M. Wetiiiire to Collector Swnrtwont. 
 
 New YoRii, April 18, VS.i3. — Di.ar Sir : I was so un.vell ilic day I called on yoti that I ffar 
 I did not succeed in impressing you with the interest, the deep intereet 1 led in the succets of 
 the application I then inside to you. 
 
 I have refrained from iroubimg you again personally in the matter from two rer.snns— first, 
 because these soliciting, are, I know, as unpleasant to you as they are mortit'ying to me. A 
 further motive for my reiieviinr you thus lo.ig from this nnportuniiy, has e.xisted in the probabil- 
 ity, that, while there was an nncertai'My about Mr. Craven's continuance in office, you might 
 wish to keep the other ap|ioiiii;n.'nt open. 
 
 Since i s;iw you, Gen'.il Spicer has agnin visited Washington, and is now returned. Fie 
 expects to Ix! provided ior to t.n sati.^faction, and is anxious tliat Mr. Ogsbury may have the 
 benefit of his vacancy. Uiid'T these circumstances, I must again throw my>-eif upon your in- 
 dulgence for permission to soy how very much 1 should feel obliged by your compliance with 
 the request. 
 
 Apart from the connection existin;» between us — he is my wife's father — I nni bound to him 
 for many favours received in his days of j)rospcrity, and which I have no means of returning, 
 llis character — busi -oss talents — industry — integrity — general popularity — all would conspire to 
 tnike his appointment acceptable to the merchants and citizens. If individual recommenda- 
 tions were necessary, they could he furnished /.» any given number. 1 can hardly think them 
 to he S.I for one sj well known. 
 
 // I can be sappo-ed to have the elisthlest pos.sib'e influence loith you, or cl/iim on the ndminis. 
 tralion — and I do not pretend to eilJier—l bee; that both may be transferred to Mr. Ogsbury, W 
 they can in any wav advance his interest in this af)p!ication. 
 
 "There is one viow of this subject in which perhaps both Mr. Oc6bui7 and myself mijjht ba 
 justified in 'Ins application. He has been lor many years engaged in the Imiportation of Goods. 
 I have, also in former years c^ntnhated to the revenue — .Mv oro'lier, with whom 1 now am, and 
 my bruiber-in-luw, George Treadwell, who takes a /c/;ye interest iii this nffmr— are both 
 t.ttensively engaiied in fon-lgi! importations. It mi^ht be con.sldeied that individuals to situated 
 hnpe a stronger I'lain tJtita those who hare ni'rcr fnitnbul&d tu ihc rwemtie. 
 
 E.xcuse me for saying so inncli ; I dni not intend it \^^l^•ll I cominence^l ihi.slettei. If you can 
 tavourably consider ilie application, I inoht sincnely hope ynti will do ^o. Of one thing I uni 
 sure, yon will ni^ver rt^crei h ivniit conferred ihe appomimeni, km th? ^i.-IivUnal named. 
 
 With great rp»|vct, i am your oh dent servant, " PRObl'ER .M. WETMORE. 
 Natno of apjiiicant, fruncis Ogsbury, 391 Broadway. 
 
 *Ori«rnIPrii«per \ni» n le.'iili.r iilrrtilnrer of cnncliitiOes fn; nJire lit the ^ll^ln^l UniiM). Hit iilnlities Al 80 
 ifltcf -l»» 'ifiir oil Ills invn huhiilfiniv lio ial4rr»i t'rnm h » ii|i|ie'il f'* hl> I'llliBr-ni-liiw li mi-ceuil liii I'l I |i,irtiifr in 
 .lit I al eil Ri;ito» I,imilii\r(l, (;»(H!iiil ,sipjriT. wli -e minlesi u,ij.<»il in lis rieii.lilicr .Swiirlvvoiil T r ii shi.ri; of Iha 
 iwitilin i.liiMiIer biirkcl hv Mr. Viin II' 'cn, t'.irnu \.>. \7>, .>f tlifc .eriei,. In iiiii.llirr leMer Hi Pwnrtwmil, (iatert 
 l^b. 8i, mi, ho loll!, liiin Unit " Mr. llrUermot U. Joait lu mjf.lj lur u niiuaiiou uador ilio t^'iefi^ «ov9tuo<«nt, 
 
 
I 'i. 
 
 
 244 iMUMFOKU, BENNETT, VAN BCREN S CAUSE, OGSBDRV AND I REE PRESSES. 
 
 (Ni>. 247 j Attorney General Jolin Vim Buren to Jesse Hoyt, N. Y.— Dear Sir : Pleane 
 pay Glover one huniJit'd iinil liity ilollurH ami uccojiiiiiudaie your recently much ahust-d trienj. 
 At your office, t^utuiday, 2 P. .M. (..May, 1S33.) J. VAN UURbiN. 
 
 A Nutional Convention — ^-lU.UUU gircu to John Mumford — Ingratitude. 
 
 [No. 248.] J. C. Dennett loJ Hnyt, N. York. Postmark, Philadelphia, 13ih June [IF3,'}] 
 DkaR Hdyt: Yiiu will see by ihe piipeis what we are ubniit here My object U to (iiake ih>; 
 party come out for a National Convention. It can he done by prudence, skill, and addre.-s. hi 
 relutioii to what 1 talki'd to you in New York, 1 have an earnfcit word to say. 1 really wish that 
 my friend.s there wi.uld try to aid iin" in the matter I formerly nieiiiioned. Morri.-on I f«ur wjlj 
 do nothing. John i\Iumfi.rd has been aided to the extent of $40,000. Wiih a fourth -f thut 
 sum 1 Wjuld hive done twice as inurh — .-obfily and with some deceney too. 1 should be sorry 
 to be compelled to believe ihii my friends in New York shnuld bestuw their friendship mi)re 
 
 effectually upon a dr en teilovv than me, who certainly has some pretensions to deceney. 
 
 I am sorry to speak h.ush'y of my body, hui roally I think there is semethiiig like inijiratitudc in 
 the way I have been tre lU-d. I want no fnvor tliat I cannot repay. I »■ iint no aid that is nut 
 perlVetly safe. I should like to lienr from you, if ihrie is any likelihood of my socce.-s. 
 
 Yours, vtc. J. GORDON BENNETT. 
 
 Bennett of the Jlcrald trying to burrow ,^2,500 /row Vnn Buren. 
 [No. 249.] Same to sar.ie. rHiLAnrii.riUA, 27ih .luly, 1S33 — Dear FTovt: I haw 
 written to Van Buren to-d^jy about the old alliiir. I MUST hav^ a loan oi $2300 for a couple 
 of years from :<ome qiMiter. I can't g^i on without i' — and if the '.'oinmoii frienHn of our 
 cause— those 1 liiive bieii workiiit; f.'r S years — cannot d.» it, I mu^i loo!; for it somewhere else. 
 IVIy business here is doing very v.-i-i! — and the money would be peifccily safe in two years. You 
 see already the eiT>-'Ci produced in Tenu'^ylvaniu — we c:m have the Siate — But if our friends woi.t 
 lay aside their hearHe.s'.;iie.=;3, why, we'll iro to the devil — that is all. Theie is no man who will 
 go further with friend-i than I wd! — who will sacrifice more — who will work harder. You know 
 it very well. 1 miisi be perfectly independent of the little sections in this city, who would hurry 
 me into their small coiir?es, at the ri.:k of the main object. Koudall leaves Washington to- 
 morrow on his tour of B.uik Inspection, t Let me hear from you. 
 
 Yours. &c. JA'S GORDON BENNETT. 
 
 A Scotchman's tlank.t for " nwrking niglil and day fir the cau<>e of I\[r. Van Buren" — anguish, 
 disappointment, detpair .' — !>iir.pccted, Klandercd. reviled ! — Bennett't share in Wct/b^aprtnting 
 office — Cold, hc'utless, careless Van Buren .' — IVhal can J do? 
 
 [No. 250.] .Same to same. PHII,ADEI.nII.^, 3rJ Aui;'t 1833. — Dear Hoyt: T am ex- 
 tremely Sorry at t!ie result of your eflorts. The efU'Ct is inevitable : I ninsi break- down in the 
 very midst of one of the most important contests which VAN BUREN'S C.AUSfi ever i^ot 
 iato in this state. I do not pf-e how I can avoid it. VVith every advanta<ie in my favor — 
 with every preparation inside— every thing in the finest trim to eheckiuate and corner all the 
 opposition to V^un Buren, and to force them to come out in his favor — as I know they must do 
 soon— I must give way to the counsels of thee who have most hostile feelinfj;^ to the cause — 
 and on what ground ? Beeausp neither ]\Ir. Van Buren nor his friends will move a linger in tny 
 aid. I must s ly thia is heartleits in the extreme. I do not wish to use any (Uher Imguatie thnn 
 what will convey mildly the aiisiiish, the ilixapp'jintment, the de/'pair I vinii xav, ifhich broods 
 OTxr 7ne. If I had been a stransii'r to jlr. Van Bmenaiid his I'riends — if I had been unknown — 
 if I had been blest in being a blockhead — I mi'rht not have cot into my present posture — nor 
 would I have cxpecti«i any aid from your quarter. But after NEARLY TEN YEARS «pent 
 
 
 
 ." . > 
 
 »• • 
 
 and it is Ihereforenn nct(<'iiiiti''(' fo liiin to fny Ihnf in the pi.^t cottr^t in this city, no mnn has vwrc ftrovgty 
 evinced n. detcrminitioii to sustain the mrnsitres of the administration at the expence nf iirivnte interest"— and tbeie- 
 fnte he (Wetmore) desires tlini \w { McDeriuot) nmy be repiiiil by a fatniilary ! 
 
 Iinmeilintelv nOer ihe fiJI eli'etii,ii oi' l.-':(4. Messrs, Cornelius W. Liiwrence. VV"m. M. Prirc, Stephen Allen. J. 
 R. VVhItuig, U. Uiker, Diiiivl .liuk-oii, (Jiili-on Oslrandor, Oideon Lee, iinJ \V. P. Hallett inlibc'soil u letter ti. their 
 friend Samuel HwiirtwoiU, rri|iii'-<tin:,' tlitU t'. Di-ilmry iniijht be iippiiintPi! nn Inspector, ns fullnwi: ''New York, 
 'HA Nov.. l^'Ht. — Mr. ociliiirv is an old inhaliiiant nf (hii ritv — n firm inpporier uf ihe ndmiiuilration— and IN 
 THE LATE KLECTIO.V WAS ACi'lVE AND LNTLIJENTIAL. " 
 
 fin Bennett'd Kiti-licn Ciibinol laid open, No. tt, ho siiys, " I ndvncnted Iheremnvnl of the deposits ;" but he hud 
 ■tated in his Pciinsylvuiiian, .Inlv *), IfttH. Ihnt it sci'incdii) him prr)l>ablo that nolhina would be done till Congress 
 met j arid for this the New \"ork \'an Iluren editor"., whose s|>eiMiliitiMit upholders wanted the bank plunder, denounc- 
 ed hiin, while Van Huron himself f.\'o. 'i,V2] disliked " the evident tendency of his paper." Kendall write him from 
 Baltimore that he was snrrv b{.' Iiail said ' that tim depositee would not be removed " — addinj;, " I shall want voiu 
 most pruilenl counsels when I ,'.'oi" to Pbilndelpbiii. " I Imd been and wa< for ii remuvnl, but 1 donbteil whether 
 thin mode wns bonesi," says Ho loett — lie aUo published a letter from Kendiill, nocusiiiit him of " sowinjf ih«- seeds 
 ofdittrust far and wide," nnd telling him that lie niipht " riiise up ti prent pnper in Philadelphia— on* which shHil 
 alinott runtrni the Democracy uf Peiinsylv.iiiiM." but to do that he would have to lieep on food terms with " the 
 other leadini; Democratic papers bi the Uuiui." Mr. Bennett next applied to Van Buren, thro' Hoyt, for a loan, 
 kod woubl probably have sot It bad out tlio repeney been afraid that a trnii wan set for them, seeing they had VkVi 
 M much about biiyinj; up t.bc |ir«ki~mureuver, Ueni^ttt liad uut wvrlied well in party liurn«ss, w tltay hiu. 
 
i r.EE TRESSES. 
 
 Y.— Dear Sjr : PIchh* 
 
 ly much ahust-d (riend 
 
 J. VAN bURb.N. 
 
 Ingratitude. 
 
 niiA, 13ih June [1F33] 
 
 y object U to inaku ihe 
 
 Hkiil, and uddros. In 
 8uy. 1 really wish ilmt 
 . Morri.-on i f. ur will 
 
 With a ibiirih ,r that 
 too. 1 should be sorry 
 ! their (Viendship more 
 pretensions to deCBncy. 
 hiiig like inuratiiudu in 
 V lint no aid that is iiut 
 :)f tny success. 
 lUON BENNETT. 
 
 n Buren. 
 
 ■• Dear ffovx : I haw 
 1 or $2300 for a (k.nple 
 ominon tVitntlH of our 
 for it somewhere else. 
 ifc in two years. You 
 -l)Uiif our I'rienris woi.t 
 fie is no man who will 
 irk harder. You know 
 ; ciiy, who would hurry 
 ;rivos Washingion to- 
 
 LDON BENNETT. 
 
 Van Buren" — anguish, 
 hare ill Wcbj'sprtiitiiig 
 
 De,\r Hoyt : T am ex- 
 
 riiisl brenk down in the 
 N'S C.VUSE ever got 
 vantnire in my favor — 
 late nml corner all the 
 3 I know ihey must do 
 feelinf^s to the cause— 
 •ill move a finger in my 
 ny other linguase than 
 ni'iy nfiy, irhich broods 
 [ hud been unknown — 
 y present posture — nor 
 TEN YEARS spent 
 
 «(7 man has more ftrovgly 
 ivnte interesia"— and tUew- 
 
 il. Prirc, Stephen Allen, J. 
 ;t mlilrp-sed ii letter l<. their 
 , IIS fMllciwi: '■ Kew York, 
 he nilmiiiiilratiua— and IN 
 
 rthoilopo'its ;"biif he hni 
 loiilil he done till Conjfres" 
 he hunk iilmider. denminc- 
 Kendiill write liimfrcim 
 ddin<(, " I sliiill wiint vmir 
 nl, hut 1 doiihled wlietlipr 
 him (if " «owiii(! ihf seeds 
 udelphifi— one which (hull 
 I on rood tcrnu with " the 
 >n, thro' Hityi, Tor a lunn, 
 hem. feeing they had Hid 
 nnt, 10 tii»f Hio, 
 
 rnnssEs ba't for globe and standard, j. o. b. OtTKERP honest ! 24^ 
 
 in Neio York, WORK[iVG NIGEIT AND DAY FOR THE CAUSE OF MR. VAN 
 BUKEN AND His KKIENDd, surrounded, too, aa 1 hive been, wiih tliotse who were con. 
 tiii'iaily tiilkiiig agiiinsi linn, mid poisioiiing me to his prejudice, the treatment which I hove r^ 
 ceived from lilin and his friends iiurmg this last year, and u^ to this moment, is at 8uperlutiv*ly 
 luartlens — and if I could utie any other word more expressive of my sentiments I would— us it 
 ia possible to conceive or imui^ine By many of those whom I have EUi>puried for years I have 
 been sutfpecied, slaudt-red, and leviled as if 1 had been in hitter hostility to Mr. Van Baivn tot 
 years, instead uf gnpjnnting him Ihiuiigh every weather, and even sacrihciiig myself that 1 DiiKM 
 rciaiii the same feelings towarda»him — for 1 assure you 1 might have coi.tiiiued my connactiun 
 Willi the C. and E- laai year, very much to my advantage — retained my share in the printing 
 office of that csiablidliment, if I had not differed with Mr. Wtbb on the points that you know so 
 well of. I sold out h iwevir to liodkiii^saved a small pittance from the wreck of the Globe-^ 
 cam;: here and invested it in the Pfunsyloaniun, which is now entirely under my control, piovidwl 
 I could tiiiil a friend any where between heaven and eurih to help me along, and enable tne to ecrry 
 tut MY FIXED PUKPOSE IN FAVOR OF VAN BUREN and his/riendt. But ihat/riend 
 God hii3 nut yet ntuJe, though several of the opposite character the ut her gentleman has put bis 
 brand upon, and fondly says " this is mine." 
 
 / except yiiu, DEAR 110 YT — I am sure you would help the cause if you could. I find no 
 fault with yiiu, although what fault v"'- .nu with ine about the deposits is nonsense, and only a 
 clamour raised in Wall street by u ,ew of the jealous blockheads hostile to me, who hav«; not 
 brains to see that in this city we can use the deposit question very efficiently in ihe Octobor 
 eleetion. 1 do not blame even the jealous blockheads or any others in New Yoik — I blame 
 only ono, and that is the Vice President himself. He has treated me in this matter as if I had 
 been a boy — a child — cold, heartles'S, careless and God knows what not. By a word toanyofhin 
 friends in Albany he could do the friendship I want as easily as rise and drink a glass of Sata- 
 toga water at the Springs. He chooses to sit still — to sacrifice those who have supported him in 
 every weather — and even hardly to treat me as one gentleman would treat another. 
 
 y scarcely know what course I shall pursue, or what I shall do. I am beset on all ."tides with 
 importunities tu cut him — tu abandon him — What can I do? What shall I do ? 1 know not. 
 Yi)U will e.xcuse ihia letter — you can easily appreciate the situation of a man confident of suc- 
 cess if properly supported — but nothing before him but the abandonment of liis deliberate pur* 
 poses or a shameful surrender of honor and purpose and principle and all. 
 
 Yours truly, J. G. BENNETT. 
 
 I do not know whether it is worth the while to write to Van Buren or not— nor do 1 care if 
 you were to send him this letter. 
 
 The past and the future placed before Jesse Hoyt, 
 [No. 251] Same to same. — Piiil^denphia, 15ih Aug't, 1»33. — Dear IIovt: I have not 
 heard from you for a week. I hope that my old friends — if I ever had any — which I begin to 
 doubt — will not firget what 1 have heretolore done or what I may do. Do let me hear from you 
 again for good and all at least. 1 am, Dear Sir, Yours, &,c. J.-V3 G. BENNETT. 
 
 Van Buren will not lend his friend Uennrll one cent — but will brstnto his good wishes upon him 
 as lonn as he kerpn honest .' .' .' — Van Buren dare not venture to trust himself vn paper to hit 
 ''riend — Cannot Philudelphia uphold one Van Buren Press ? 
 
 [No. 2F>2.] Vice President Van Buren, to Jes-se Hoyt at New York. 
 Saratoga Springs, Auuus! 1!(, 163."). — {Free, M. Van Buren.) — Dear Sir: I return your Mr. 
 B's letters, [i. e. No. 1251) ite. ] 7 have never doubted his personal friendship for me. I would al- 
 xmyx have been hajipv to do him good, but I cannot directly or indirectly aH'ord pecuniary aid to 
 his press, and more iiartiiMilarly so as I am situated at the present moment. If he cannot con- 
 tinue friendly to nie on public iirounds and with perfect independence, I can only regret it, but I 
 desire no other support. Whatever course he may pursue, as lung as it is an honest one, I shall 
 wish him well. He dots not iindersiaiid the relation between the Editors he quarrels with and 
 myself, or he would not eomplaiii of me for their acts. They are as independent of me in the 
 management of their papers, us 1 wish him to be, and remain- I had intended to have soi<i thus 
 much to him, but the , your letter, and the erident tendency of hin paper, render it 
 
 preferable that 1 should not. I did suppose that ho would have found no difficulty in obtaining 
 money in New York as others fjet it, if our friends in Philadelphia could not ull-together make 
 out to sustain one press. If you happen to meet him I wish you would make these explnnations 
 to him, BUT KEEP TiUS. I am, in haste, your friend, M. VAN BUREN. 
 
 [No. 253.] Vice President Van Buren, to .lesse Hoyt, N. York. 
 
 Albany, Sept. 7, 1833 —Dear Sir: General Vance, with whose good character and respect- 
 ability you are well aciiuainu'd, ;roes to New York on business in which our State is deeply in- 
 t«rfBted, and in respect to which you may perhaps be of service tobini. If you can do so, I hope 
 jrou will — and am very cordially yours, M. VAN BUKfUN, 
 
 
 . -V. 
 
 ti 
 
 i-,- 
 
 .'^i: 
 
 /■'\4 
 
 ■'i 
 
I 
 
 ■I 
 
 If. 
 
 it-;-/:V''-s: 
 
 i( » 
 
 
 T' . ■ ' '' • ' . 
 
 240 SILAS WRIOdT INTRIGUmO ^JOHN VAN BUnEN CURSING. 
 
 Stocks, Checks, Shirts, and Drawers — Swearing, Spelling, and the letter S. 
 [No. 254] Attorney General John Van Biiren, to Jesse Hoyt, N. Y. 
 
 Albany, Dec, 19, 1833. — ' My Dear' Hoyt (as some rascal writes lo ' Webb') — I enclose 
 you your check, for your comfort — it was deposited in the Bank for collection, and, of course, is 
 returned lo yuu without inconvenience. As for money, I don't know that I shall be peculiar 
 short (not physically but pecuniarily) unless Boston and Providence should go down to a mere 
 anatomy. In ihut event I fear the ex-Danish Commissioner and myself will be a 'below-par 
 nobile' of sutTerers. 
 
 Please to let Willard of the City Hotel be apprised that I warft two flannel shirts, and as many 
 pairs of drawers, to be had uf Tryon for a trifle alias, credit. 
 
 I am not a ' Councellor* and bo d d to you — and if I were I should spell it with an ' S' in 
 
 the middle. Yours ' to sarve,' J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 P. S. Since the foregoing efl"u8ion was poured forth, I hnve enquired at the Bank, and find 
 your check has been sent to New York. I suppose the easiest way ' to work it,' is to enclose 
 you, as 1 do, my check on this bank for the same amount, payable at the same time. J. V. B. 
 
 [No. 25.5] J. A. Hamilton, to .Tesse Hoyt, on supporting ' the Standard.' 
 New York, Dec. .10, 1833. — Dear Sir: In reply to your enquiry whether I am willing to 
 unite with other friends in raisinff money to sustain the Standard, I have to say — that if 30 
 persons will a!»ree to advance $250 each, the repayment to be satisfactorily secured upon the 
 paper, 1 will agree to advance $250 whenever the arrangement is completed. 
 
 With very great respect, &c. JAMES A. HAMILTON. 
 
 Governor Silas setting the wheels in motion — contracts to be kept by Farmers with Patroons, 
 but may be broken at will with National Banks — no thunder from the city — Plunder^s our 
 game, and ' our stt/te leads' — the legislature is a party organ ; let it play up ' Jiidas's march' — 
 Instructions from Washington how to manufacture public opinion at Albany, for effect at 
 Washington — also for country use .' 
 
 [No. 256.] Silns Wright, U. S. Senate, to Jesse Hoyt, New York. 
 Washingto.v, 3H Jan'y, 1834. — My Dear Sir: Your letter and the enclosure came to me this 
 day, and I have thi!* evening sent both to Mr. Flagg, with such suggestions os occurred to me. 
 Nothing can be clearer, in my mind, than that the friends of the Ailniini«tration in your City 
 ehould not attempt to tjet up a po/iuilar meeting upon this subject. The legislature is the proper 
 organ to speak for the people upon this important subject, and there is not a doubt that they 
 khould net witho .. one monieiu's delay. It is too lute to fear any eflect from the allegation 
 that our Slate lends-. The snhject is now before the Virginia lenislnture, and I think it quite 
 likely they will recommend a rentorution of the deposits. The legislature of Ohio hnve acted, 
 nnd go strong against the Bank — in favor of the removal of the deposites — and against the bmd 
 bill. I say they h;ive acted. The miil to.d;iy has broujht a copy of their resolutions, which 
 had passed the Senate, and which Mr. Morris, the Jiickson Senator from iniit State, says will 
 pas,:> the House 3 to 1. Every legislature in iho Union will act upon this subject, and ours will 
 not bo behind. * 
 
 If the friends of the Bank in your city attempt to get up n popular meeting, the subject will he 
 one which the friends of the Administration on the ground will best know how to dispose of — 
 but in any other way I do not think the mass of your somewhat excited pnpidntinn should be 
 called to act. 
 
 The state of feeling here is very violent, and popular meetintrs either way can h'lve little effect. 
 Still I should dislike to .see a tneeting in New York seeming to embody an imdivided expression, 
 given to our opponents — for thi: piililicnl effect in the cnunlry would be had, I have no time to 
 write farther — but shall be linppy to hear fiom you often and freely. 
 I think the legislature should — in the shortest possible langiiage — 
 Isi. Express an opinion against the re-chirter of the Bank in nnv form. 
 2nd. Appr.i e if the communicntion read to the Cabinet on the 18th Sept. last. 
 3rd. Approve of the change of the deposits. 
 4th. Approve of the reasons given by the Secretary for that change,* both on the ground of 
 
 II mill iniii .•\meririiM ircriiMtii I'iin up iipni'lil ! v^ iiltIii .11 Ilip Alhiiiu fpiinte vnti -I Inr linnks tiiiil liinK JtiirK 
 tliein — in VVn^liingt 'ft lir imli'iiM tlicm. jut \,he iiiii.| c iiiDnt'v hliircrt in lliein. Iinrrowed out llmt nimiov next wi 
 olhor «|ieriil:itiirii, In r:'i.c llie pru'os nflhr |miI)Iic ImnU In Ilia |iP'i|ili!--thc iiMlicunl trdnn.irn win nscil 10 lilmd iiiiii 
 brilieihe million? l<i I'irrt Van HnruM nn.l iiiiii M ihc imriv— mid, ihut (loiio, Wright in 1K)7, ieiiuunced hit own 
 p«U «» " ioull«u txiileuaei," evur I'uillilait 111 tim« of need. 
 
HO. 
 
 e letter S. 
 
 Y. 
 Webb»)— I enclose 
 
 m, and, of course, is 
 t I shall be peculiar 
 go down to a mere 
 
 vill be a ' below-par 
 
 shirts, and as many 
 
 )ell it with an ' S* in 
 
 VAN BUREN. 
 
 the Bank, and find 
 
 ork it,' is to enclose 
 
 ne time. J. V. B. 
 
 lard.' 
 
 ler I am willing to 
 
 B to say — that if 30 
 
 ily secured upon the 
 
 d. 
 
 \.. HAMILTON. 
 
 ners with Patroona, 
 city — Plunder's our 
 Jiidaa'a march' — 
 ilbaiiy, for effect at 
 
 (lire en me to me this 
 s as occurred to me. 
 tration in your City 
 islatare is the proper 
 )t a doubt that they 
 fiom the allegation 
 nnd 1 liiink it quite 
 of Ohic) have acted, 
 nnd nffainst the lind 
 r resolutions, which 
 nat State, says will 
 bject, and ours will 
 
 T, the subject will he 
 how to dispose of — 
 oriiilntion should be 
 
 :nn hnve little effect. 
 
 ndivlded expressior, 
 
 I have no lime to 
 
 . last. 
 
 h on the ground of 
 
 ink. nnd, of rniir«e. of 
 
 II rnti«i» II (n rtniir v« nf 
 
 tn llu' iiliriidpr iif the 
 
 Invp rPHiiiisd in ■iffire 
 nr rpi'pi>prl thn revurd 
 
 jtrrpil lii>noRilv, he wm 
 sliin.'l n. nml from ihnt 
 (I'll riv'iird fi.r tniih. U 
 nnkR rinil iiiok «l(irk in 
 
 tli:it iimiiPv ni'Xl ivilh 
 ft WMa Msvil to lilind mill 
 17, iciiuunced hit own 
 
 CORNELIUS W. LAWRENCE, OR THE CRTING CONGRESSMAN. 
 
 247 
 
 the near expiration of the Charter, and on the ground that the Bank has abused its chartered 
 powers and privilege.'', and has become a political institution. 
 
 These points will cover the whole case j;t a form and manner most applicable to the state of 
 things here. Most truly yours, SILAS WRIGHT, JR. 
 
 • — — .^.^_— — — — ^_— — — 
 
 [No. afj?.] Cornelius W. Lawrence, M. C, to a Friend in New York. 
 Washington, 24[h .Fiinuary, lbij4. — My Dear f^ir : Your favor of the SJlat was received late 
 last evening. I am inclined to think we shall have a project introduced FOR A NATIONAL 
 BANK, as we// as a renewal of the old one, n\ion principles somewliat different than [from?] 
 the bill rejected by the President [.Fackson,] Perhaps new propusitions, not cither attacking or 
 sustaining the administration, would receive the approbation of the country. 
 
 The motion to return the Deposites is justly consideinl an attack upon liie President, and it 
 is resisted on that ground — but nothing is yet uiatiirtMl, Ibelicve. 
 
 Respectfully your ob't servant, CORNELIUS W. LAWRENCE. 
 
 [Remarks. — It was Mr. Van Buren'.=? rule, ami it app'^ars to be Mr. Polk's, to reward with 
 ofRces, contracts, early informatiun, or in pome sure and effectual way, those congressmen, 
 state-legislators, or other persons holding otlicial station by popular suflrage, who had in any 
 way injured their characters and standing by violatin;^ principle to serve party, right or wrong. 
 It is in this way that Mr. Lawriince has obtained the N. Y. Custom House, with its patronage, 
 and vast influence and emoluments. 
 
 . A few months after writing the lettcrsof the24ih, 2fith,and 3Ist of Januaiy, 1834, here given, 
 the name of C. W. Lawrence was put up liy the Van Buren Safety Fund Bank men, in opposi- 
 tion to the friends of the U. S. Bank, tor IVIiiyor of New York. Mr. Lawrence had been elec- 
 ted to Congress in Nov. 183:2, by .')Syj voten over Mr. Ogdenitht" !'ighest whig candidate. When 
 now opposed to G. C. VeiplaiK-k for .Mayor his o81);'» majority dvvindled down to 180 ; obtained, 
 too, by a sacrifice of piiiicipli; for I'-i love of gain. At the great celebration, by ilie whigs of 
 N. Y., April 1.5, 18.'}4, ilie ."jtli reirular tonst v as " Cornelius W. Lavvrlncl, «)Aose HEART was 
 with us, but whose NECK «;«•< with hit pdrltj. ' That it was tightly in the collar there is abun- 
 dant testimony. The reader, on pcniKiiig ^Mr. Lawrence's three letters, will perceive that this 
 toast told the simple iruih. His juu^ment uud avowedly on one side and his votes were on the 
 other. His prospects of addiii;j iii his u-c;i!:!i by the sacrifice of his opinions were in the one 
 gcale — honor and honeaiy were in tlio oihcr — ' in private (tiuys the Cour. &. Enq. of Apiil 9, 
 1834) he admitted that the removal (i^f the public treasure) was inexpedient. To those who 
 conversed with him on tht; subject lie v. luiiiled that this removal wasuncalltd for and impolitic." 
 Yet he voted for the removal, on a pledi^e, well kept, that he would get the fingering of two 
 millions of dollars of these deposites hiins. If, for a bunk to be started in Wall street, with spe- 
 cial privileges, and called the Bank of ilie riiate of New York, of which bank he and his cronies 
 should have the control, the ju^rgleiy of didijosing of its shares, &c. The bargain wos fulfilled 
 by Van Buren — Lowrence had the two millions — had the two million bank charier — and 
 had Jesse Hoyt's Custom House monies to boot— finally, he has the N. Y. Custom House, its 
 vast power and influence, with his bank as a treasury pet, and his brother serving by way of a 
 stool pigeon, as its president, till he cCornelius) is again ready to resume that lucrative office. 
 "As for supposing that Newbold, tieorge Griswold, Stephen Whitney, or any of the old federal 
 commercial men were with us on this occasion, for any other reason, than because they found it 
 for their interest to go with us, I never for one single instant had such an unwarrantable idea." 
 These were Butler's remarks to Hoy t, Feb. 24, 1834 — and he might have included C. W. 
 Lawrence, Morgan Lewis, Saul Alley, Preserved Fish, .\b'm Bloodgood, and several other 
 rich men, who only went with Van Buren for the love of a share of the plunder. In the Cour. 
 ier &. Enquirer of April 8, 1834, we are told (and the fact is neither explained oway nor con- 
 trodicted) that several merchants of Mr. C. W. Lawrence's acquaintance called on him when 
 on a visit to New York, a few weeks previous, when he " frankly avowed his conviction of the 
 necessity of o Bnnk of the United Stales, and his disapproval of the conduct of the Executive, 
 fjiickson) in rcferenre to the depositen ; but added, that he had bound himself BY A 
 WRITTEN PLHDGE tn uphold the party. Such was his sense of the embarrossnienis of his 
 BituBiion that HE ACTUALLY WEPT," The crying congressman, the weeping stock-jobber 
 cout.D HAVE RKsio.vEP had he disliked the party drill — but it brought him plunder, and he 'blub- 
 bered and held on, and afterwards lent his name as a candidate for the mayoralty to uphold 
 the gamblers he voted with in public, nnd whose di^honost measures and greediness of gain he 
 had secretly condeuined to Jesse Hoyt and others. The above letter (Jan. 24) wos first pub- 
 li-hed in the Mercantile Advertiser, which also gove parogiaphs from anoiht r letter by Law. 
 fence, written after ' the party' had resolved not to go for n new bonk, os Dan'el Jnckson and 
 Cambreleng had privately urgid them, nor to re. charter the old one modified, as he (Lowrence; 
 hoped they would — in which he had begged of the gentleman to whom he had written, to give 
 him his letter back again — he dreaded exposure and public shame. 
 'The Ewning Post, by Bryant, denounced the bill introduced into the N. York Legislature, 
 
 J'. > 
 ■•> <r' 
 
 'I? 
 
 
248 TTEBB's rrzzLE. Lawrence, hoyt, KEHKOcnAN and the baxk. 
 
 I -,'? 
 
 .-:,•••♦• 
 
 
 *':■♦■*'. 
 
 '•:'..J.>' *: 
 
 by recommeiu'nion of Marcv'ssix million message, which John Van Biiren hnd spccnlntpd on, 
 devliring liiai it wniili) ni ikc " Liwreiue run like the Cholfni," lor inayor. According lo the 
 Post, II should have heen pniiilt-rl " An Act ti> loan ihe crHdit of this Sinie to the Speculators, 
 M<in 'pt)li-t.'', and RiiffniiMit-y dealers th( reof." The tradmg (.-oliticiins nl the state, then, as 
 now, weni any and every way for gtiin — Aviirice Wiis their god. " If the United .Siiiies Biiiik is 
 daiigeioiis 10 t*ie liherties of the enuniry (nsktd the Cour. &. Knq. ol .lHn.*28. It3:2 ) hjiw came 
 Goterniir Thrii'ip tn mile fur it ? How is it ili it all this dinger, all this iincuntiitiiliO'ialily, has 
 been discovered liy the Argus within the last twehe muvths ! ! .' ! .'" Wliin Geoitie D. Strong 
 waa nor mm applliuni for a hank cliarier at Albany, he op|)0>ed C. W. Lnwnnep, got up a nntti* 
 ination upposed to him for Alderman, and heiit him too — but in April 1834, whin he wa.-' petl. 
 tioningihe Regency for iheir sanciion to his Cominerciiil Bank (which soon failed) he (Strong) 
 went it strung for Lawrence as the only true democratic candidate for Miiynr. In Jan. 
 1834, Liwreiice svroie Hoyt, " that a iiationul bimk would be useful to the g.ivernment and the 
 country"' — in April, s;ime >ear, he voted wiih Cambreleng to keep the public revenue in the 
 vaults of the pets, tiio' the U. S. Bank had paid the republic $1,500,(100 for the use of it, and 
 aliio that it was unsafe to re. charier the National B mk. Three years af.er this, Lawrence's own 
 bank was bankrupt, with tuo niillions ofddlars of the public plunder clutched in its grip, and 
 he at the hand of it. On Sept. 25th, 184.'{, Lawrence was one of Van Buren's Sub Treasury 
 VicR Pretii<lent3 at the meeiint; in the Park — and his bunk keeps the deposites to this day, 
 while, if the siib-ireiisiiry scene shdl be re-enacted he will share the plunder there also, under 
 Seine new and plausible form. — VV. L. M] 
 
 Collector Lawrence of N. Y. on the Remoivd of the Depositee — Calhoun, Preston, Clay, 
 McDiiffii, Rivpf!, and the Nuilijiurs. their views. 
 [No. 257 ] Cnrnelins W. Lawrence, M. C, lo Jesse Hi>vt, N. Y. 
 
 WAsniNOTON, 19th Jan. 1834. — My Dear Sir: Your favor of the 8th (returned from Fayette- 
 ville, N. C.) was received this morning, and I notice in th? Courier & Inquirer of Friday the 
 17ih, another letter to me, sitjned .lacob, referring to the dcpnfiites. 
 
 You will no liouhi have read Mr. Calhoun's speech- he admits the right of removal from 
 ofRce hy the President, and say.s " nor can Idoulit that the power of removid from 'ifTice, where- 
 ver it exists, does, from neces-ity, involve the power uf gt neral supervi.>-ion ; nor can I dniibt 
 that it might he consiiiutionally exercib>.' n reference to the dcpowites " Then he poes on to 
 say, that to prevent the removal of the depositea it would have been his [thu President's] right 
 and his duty to h ive removed the ."^ecre'ary. 
 
 In conver.saiion yesteru;iy with the other Senator from South Carolina, Mr. Preston, h; ad. 
 mitted the tjivinc ii[) the charge of a violation of the Constitution bv the President — but tlie re- 
 moval .)f the deposiies i/'r;.« a violation iif Contract with the Bank, &.c. 
 
 I think Mr. Clav and Mr. McDuHie's position, of a usurpnti 'ii of power by the President, is 
 gone — and the onlv qmstion is as to the sufficiency of the reasons. Mr. Seaborn Jones of Geor- 
 gia, a Nullitier, will speak next in ojr House — and he will maintain that the reasons given by 
 the SecreiMrv of the Treasuty [Taney] arc satisfactory and sufficient. 
 
 If the Nulliliers <Tive up (he question of usurpation of power in the act in qnestinn, that point 
 may a« well be abandoned by the opposition with us, and M/. Clay's first resolution qannot even 
 pass the .Senate. 
 
 Mr. Rives of Virsinia is said to have made a very able speech in the Senate on Friday — and I 
 have heiird that n disiiiiirui.sheH Senator /rom /Ae eas< said afterwards, that on the constitutional 
 arpnment he had demolished .Mr. Clay. 
 
 However I do not sav these words were used, and do not wish to he quoted as reporting 
 what any one savs. My letiers are only intended for my friends to whom they aie addressed. 
 Respectfully, your friend and obedient servant, CORNELIUS W. L.WVRENCE. 
 
 Cornelius the friend of a National Bank when behind the screen — The quaker on both sidet of 
 
 the fence at once. 
 
 [No. 258.] Collector Lawrence to his 'assured friend' J. Hoyt. 
 
 Washinqton, 9Gth .Tnn'y, 18.'U. — Mv De:ir Sir: Jam much ohiiired lo you for yonr letter of 
 the 21=t,and I AM APPRCHRNSIVKOUR POLITICAL FRIf^NDS MAKE A MISTAKF. 
 IN GOING TOO FAR ACAINST A NATIONAL BANK, hut \ will have th^' pleasure of 
 writing a few days hence. Respectfully, your assured friend, CORN'S \V. LAWRENCE. 
 
 Hoyt introduces Kernorhan to Van Burenon behalf of the United States Bank, 
 [No. 25D 1 To Vice President Van Buren. Ni£W Yoaii. January 28, 1834. 
 
 Dear Sir : This will be handed vnu by my friend Joseph Kernochan. Esquire, one of the del- 
 egates from the merchants of this City, charced with a memorial to Coneress in relation lo the 
 embarrassed condition of our Commercial affairs. He has now retired, but has recently been 
 eJLieiuively engaged in business, and his great experience enables him lo kuuw all the variety 
 
 •• li 
 

 IE BAXK. 
 
 Iind sppriilnfed on, 
 Aciordihg to iha 
 to the Specula lofH, 
 i( \he state, thi>n. as 
 njlfii Suites Blink is 
 8. It- 3:2 ) fiJiw camt 
 'insiitiitiu'iuHly, has 
 n GfoiL'e D. Strofig 
 ticp, got up a ni>m- 
 wlun he wn.i petU 
 fiilfd) he (Strong) 
 M.iyor. In Jan. 
 government and the 
 blic revenue in the 
 the use of it, and 
 hi5>, Lawrence's own 
 :hed in its prip, and 
 ren'9 Sub Treasury 
 •pojiies to this diiy, 
 er there also, under 
 
 >un, Preston, Clay, 
 
 limed from Fayette- 
 tiquirer of Friday the 
 
 hi of removal from 
 I from iiffico, where- 
 on ; nor cim I doubt 
 Tiii'n he jioes on to 
 lie Presidem's] right 
 
 Mr, Prc.non, h; ad. 
 •csidcnt — but tne re- 
 
 by the President, is 
 l>orn Jones of Geor- 
 he riasons given by 
 
 qiieptinn, that point 
 solution qannot even 
 
 e on FriJny— and I 
 'n the constitutional 
 
 quoted nq reporting 
 i»!y tne nddressed. 
 LAWRENCE. 
 
 \er on both xidet of 
 
 t. 
 
 II fir yonr letter of 
 
 KE A MISTAKE 
 
 avc th'' pleni^ure of 
 
 LAWRENCE. 
 
 ritfs Bank, 
 nunry 28. 1834. 
 ire, one of the del- 
 9 in relntit-ti to the 
 has recently been 
 uw ail tho \u^\f 
 
 nXNlt ADVOCATES AWD BANK EXVOTS. 
 
 249 
 
 cftnrmn of Mercantile oprration*, and would seem to qiinlify him to express nccnrnte opinions 
 on this biibject. H> '"i" lucn, ever since; I hiive known liiiii, niid tlini is for ninny yeurp, ii uni- 
 form eupporier nf the dennicniiic adiiiinisirniion of the Country, and coiiti nes that piippori to 
 the measures of the piesnit one, in nil suve its views in relminn to the Bunk of the United 
 States, niid on ihissuhjeci he miys. as Mr. .lefTerr'on once snid, " difTi-rences of opinion are to b« 
 tolerated where reason is lei't fiee to coiiihat lliein." Ills object in troinj!- to Was^hington is purely 
 with the ho|ie of rendering a public si ivIl-o ; and if ho bhould have a ilesire to statu his views to 
 you, 1 have no doubt yon will t'ivc hi'u ilie op|iuriuniiy. His cieiit integrity of character will 
 authori:!e you to plnce die inmost n'liiinee upon his niaii nients as to the true condition of busia 
 ness and business men in lliiii cii;'. Ri sincitully your (iiend and ob'i serv't. J. ilOYT. 
 
 Hoijt introduces '« IS'iiik Jlis.iionari/ to Taney and Van Bnretu 
 [No. 260.] Jesse Hoyt, Ts. Y.. to A'ice President Van Buren, Washintjton. 
 New York, Jin. 28, 1834. — Deiir Sir : .My friend tind neijjhbor, fOltiert J. Anderson, Esquire, 
 who will deliver you iliis, visits Wa.shington as one of a Committee of Merchants, charged with 
 a memorial IVotYi « portion of thnt ebi.'ts of our citizens, in relation to ihe present eiiibarraBsed 
 state of trnde. He is extcnsivily tmd Jictivvly engaged in business, ;md is Inniilinrly acquainted 
 with the dilficullies that sueiii, and no doubt mUually do e.\ist with all coimnerciiil and mercan- 
 tile men. lie is une nf the f etc int'lligriit and ardent t^upporters of the present adininistraiion, 
 who differ in opinion witii it in rLlaiioii to iis views concerning the Bank of the United States. 
 He makes a personal sacriiicc in iliis mission, with no oiher motive tluiii n debiie to promote the 
 imereste of his leliow. citizens, and tiie inlbnnntion that he will be able to impart concerning thie 
 interesting .subject, to iliosc whos-c motives are in common with his own, conimends him to yotir 
 favourable notice. Tliough I do not a^ree with liini in all his views, yut I take pleasure in hear- 
 ing testimony to his great sincerity, and purity of character ; and his intelligence upon this mb- 
 ject you will discover without any iiiiiniation from me. With great respect and consideration, 
 
 I reniain your friend and obedient servant. J. IIOYT.t 
 
 >»•. 
 
 Lawrence firmly believes in the vtiliiy nf a Ntitioriul Bank, while exerting all hi$ jnwcrt to 
 
 aid m ciusfiing it ! 
 [No. 261.] Colli eior Lnwrrnee of N. Y , to his friend J. Hoyt. 
 
 Washi.nutu.v, 31st January, IS.'M. — .My DciirSir: 1 can scarcely r.upposo it possible that I 
 could have written any letter to -iutiiorize the paper you have emdosed to me, and I feel deeply 
 mortified that any one bhould have aiiihori/ed a publii;atiun in a newspaper. May I beg the fa- 
 vor of you to reiinci-t the pei.ion to whom it was directed to return it to me, oi at least not to 
 circulate 11, and if any one sbonid f-pi a!v oftlie i onteiits ol' my letters, pl-ase mention that I had 
 repealed to yon, th.it my letters weie only intended lor those to whom they were directed. I 
 can not imagine who emild have received the letter alluded to. I have no idea any compromise 
 is thought of by <iiher political party. 
 
 It is my individuiil npininn that A NATION.\Tj RANK?o»7A proper restrictions and subject 
 to State Tuxes. He, WOULD BC USI'.FUL TO THE GOVERNMENT AND COUNTRY, 
 and I know there are other individuals in Congre?s of that opinion, and that is almost as much 
 asldoknowt Re>peeifully,Vour friend, CORN'S W.LAWRENCE. 
 
 The Missionary aitdresses Jesse as a friend to O" the Bank. 
 
 [N<>. 262 ] Elbert J. Anderson to Jesse Hoyt, New York. 
 
 Washi.nuton, February 1st, ltt34. — Deor Sir; I have only to say that Mr. Wright's speech in 
 the Senate, seems to preclude any hope of success from our mission ; nothing but the action of 
 the people in the r primary aeseniblies can operate upon Congress, and you knosv belter than I 
 con what is to be hoped from that source. The deposit question will be seiiled.to confirm them 
 where they ore. The sooner that is settled, the better for all p.irtit s. Forty votes csnnot be ob- 
 tained in both houses of Congie.=s in favor of [a] new bank, at present ; and the chance of a re. 
 newal of the old charter, under any modifications, depends solely upon the contingency men. 
 tioned above, a decided expression inun the people. A metallic currency seems the present hob- 
 by ; I conceive it utterly impracticable. If I see any hope of a change, I shall write ; you will 
 please leceive this only as my individual opinion. Your friend, 
 
 ELBERT J. ANDERSON, j 
 
 t A iimilnr letter wnii cent with Mr. Aiulorion to Mr. Tiiiiev, Mr. Panne's mirce»»(ir in the Trensnrv Depnrtment, 
 hnvinj ihe fiilliiwii))f words miIiIoiI : — " lie liiis n {>renl (U'iiire lor nti i)ii|iiirluiiily i>f Cdnversin;: svilli ymi ii|iiiii the 
 "inntlers relerrcil to, iinil I hiive liiken the liberty to huiid hint this letter, unil I beg you will niitiilge iiie for the 
 "liberty, And believe me to be, «tc. .IKPSli HOYT." 
 
 tOn theSfilh of Mnrch, 18:11. Mr. I.iiwrence wrnte Mr. II. Diirell in reply to nn eminiry ofilie working men of 
 tht tjth Wh il, .New York, ii.v follows : " In refi-rence to Ihe ' nboiitioii of nil Hceiiseil iTiono|iolies.' On the broad 
 
 ftroiind. I ndinil the jnsiici" of the seneriil pro|)o»ition. llml it is objoctioiiiilile to \: \c any iiiiin oi set nl men, privi- 
 •g*. which interfere \t nli the Jii>t ri^'lits nnd liliertiea orotbei"." lie inlileil. tlnii iis tu " a duKlct tyitem uf tlM- 
 Umi," 00 wlucU ihete liitU btiu " wucli Uiiouutua, he hud uui reflected iutliuieiiiljf." 
 
 
250 
 
 JOHN VAX BUREN CURSING, BETTING AND STOCKJOBBIN'O. 
 
 •'■.'''■■ ■ 
 
 I! :■ .i 
 
 
 y 
 
 
 Van Diiren and Swartw(»d,when rd sixes and scrcns. 
 
 fXo. 203] Vice FreBideiU Van Buien to Abraham Miller, White Plains, West 
 Chester couiity, N. V. WASHiNurDN, Feb. 1, 1831. — My dear sir: There is certainly not'iing 
 that I coui i lio tor you with propriety and ell'eci ihiit 1 would omit. / taaiwt, /utirevcr, -.oriu 
 to M'. Sio.i/tWinU.* On lAs stchjccl, I luivc dmic sosoojlcii w'.lvnU success, thai sdf-rcspcU hux 
 coinpclkd iiiv Id desist. I preauine, however, that he has his luind.s lull. 11' the e.^pressioo of 
 my wiiihes in behalf of your aoi\ can be of u.se, he may show this letter to the Collector. 
 Wigliing continued iiealth and happiness, 1 am, dear air, very truly yours. 
 
 M. VAN BUREN. 
 
 Buying $20,000 in Slocks, on the strenf^th cf a confidenL'ud peep at Murcy's Mortgage Message, 
 
 before its delivery. 
 
 [No. 2G4.] Attorney General Van Buren to ' My Dear Jes.se' Moyt. Albany, March 'JJ 
 1834. — My Dkar Jkssk: Please let Nevins and 'I'ownsend buy ine lOl) shares of Moh. anj 
 Hud. R. R. for cash at yti, and Bost. and Prov. 100 shares at y"2j cash; drawing on me at 3 
 days siglu tor the amount. If betier terms can be hn i by taking ttie stocks two vieeks hence 
 (buying on time) 1 should like it better. 1 fear stocus will rise al'tei' Monday, and therefore I 
 want these purchases mad? Monday, )Ut 1 \ive it open after. Lei Ike beggars deal hmally by 
 me for I lose a .leal of mo n.ny/i T/iere wU be something done here Monday that will 
 
 charm yo^., Yorkers. Law- •■•ft :...■. un like the Chulera. 
 
 Plea*e ask Bucknor to ■ 'r.:i you '" amount of ditlerences at which my fifty shares Man- 
 hattan stock were settled, ai. "."n.i .. . me. Yours vcrv triilv, and much better. 
 
 J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 Attorney General (^John) Van Buren asks On.Apolcn'-c to curse his friend Jesse Iloyt — wishes his 
 Rail-road stock sent, wUh Jesse, to Tophct — and grumbles at the S'l w York officials for nutfii,r- 
 nishing funds for his stock gambling tratisadions — HdijI obtains stated prcmhing at ^''28 per 
 annum, at the Axcnsion Church — Parke Godtcin's opinion of l.'ic Leaders of ' i/^e Democracy.* 
 
 [No. 2(J5.] John Van Buren to Jesse Hoyt, Wall street, N. Y. Ai.canv, March 25, 
 
 1834. — Why God d — n you, Jesse ! buy my stock and draw upon me at sight. You mutt be 
 
 poor bitches down there, if you cannot raise this two penny .sum. If the stuck has gone up 
 
 let it go to H—ll.i The Bank will come up against the Safety Fund Panks, ami depress 
 
 stocks — the Governor's measure will eventually relieve the country .<> Yours truly, 
 
 J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 • There was evidently the bf-st posatble understanding estahlislmd bctwetn Mr. riwiirlwout nnd tlie Albany 
 Rptti'ncy DH early as 1835, for in ihat yi'ar nnd IKiO, Marcy, Wriulii, Cniswcll, J. Van Itiin n, Cunilng, &c., are 
 liberal III I lieir lelird m liiiii, rt'Cuninieiidiiij randiilans Ibr liii HnspiMl. fi'vnionr .nml m my iilliirs ilius ijot 
 placfs. On the 23 1 nt' .Maicli. \iM<. Kilwjn Crorwi II re coiiiiii mis B.inniin W'liip.i.o to his ■' ni'st fuvor.iblu ron- 
 Dideration '— ii.-inure» hliii timt liiB ( VV.'s) ' pecuniary cinnmsinriciii ruml.r ii |iti-,iiiiariy dtsir;iblr an i|ii,i tiiiif '• 
 tiliit lie Hhoiild be adiiiilled inio Swartwntii ■> Poor llousi — iuid ;biis siiiih ii|i liis lii.iracti r— •• Uis politicai quaii- 
 icaliona a e ei|iiiilly uiiijins umable ; bi:i[ii! a unll'orm Rcii ililica^ of tlie t).il S( liixil." Mr. A. lom. y General J. 
 van Umen tliun rndorses Whipple on ilie same tiliet't; " Huiiiiiil Swarnvoui, Esq. — !><".ir 8ii — | liiHv concur iri 
 the liingoin)! [Cnuwi'llV] nciiiiiiiieiidution of Capt. Wliipple, and as lie U u \ery i:lcvur t't'llow, to fxiut, I hope 
 yuu will bi: able lo do what he asks. Vmira truly, J. V.\i\ BL'UEN." 
 
 " Albany, March ■.i3d, ltiJ6." 
 
 t Mr. Iloyt got nlonK mnri' quietly wiili Van Burcn's knavery llia.a with that of soiiic wiin r p('r.--ons. On the 
 Mill of Fi IJrniiry, IKKl, ho wroto to Levi VVoiidhnry Ironi Ilie itjiistoni House — '• Mr. Price's i-oii hai puliliahed, in 
 the Courier of this morning, a h-tler t'nim his father, wliicli I havi; not read and do not imaii to read. 1 om 
 quite tired of ' the rogues niid roguery.' " 
 
 On the Hlh of Noveinlx'r. 183'.', lie wrote .is foUows : '• It. K. Bulhr, I'.sq., V. S, .Mtorncy— Sir : Do not fail to 
 put the casr of Ilarvcy .V Slaag iii a ivisilioii tor a nrw trial, ,'^rrerul mrrrhnnis have tciii In vir, vho art per- 
 fectly outrageous at such a violaliun of all lau> and sftise. I think I co'ild sdli'ly ^Wl'ar to iu'wh' discovered tesil- 
 liiony. so as lo t:it a new trial on tiiat ground. Mr. llu^scl has ?tati d .•iome fiu i« to me ihat .irH iimv. Tliink of 
 thlspoint. I am no murlilied and vpset at the result. 1 WILL LKAVi; NO STUM-; I'Ni'lMiMI) TO PUN. 
 ISH the party who would attempt to overturn all law and morals. Ki'sply. J. IIOV'T. Cnlli-ctor.- 
 
 t .Mrs. Jameson tdls us in her Summer RamlMes, that n Rapii.st Preacher, wIiom; church slie attend d in Deircii 
 and who evidently wanted to ateer clear of otrtindms hot and foolish parii-aiis, niaile an acute prayer for John's 
 father, via : thai " if Mr. Van Buren were n good man lie mi^ht lie made better, and da bad innii, iiiat liemiirhl be 
 ppeedily regenerated." Perhaps If he had been tavored uith a peep at .lolm's coin spoii'iince, he uonhriiave 
 oiiiiUid the 1/' altogether, as applied to the junior. .Mr. J. V. B.'s monstroiia iinpieiy appems lo liiive shocked 
 oven the impenitent Hoyt about this lime, and partially ett'iTled tliu winch even the Pious B. V. Butler's calls 
 have failed ill— as wiin'ss the following receipt --" Mr. Ji ss<: iloyt -To the ( hurcli of the Ascension Dr T.i 
 RentofPew, No. 38, 1 May, 1.-34, tol May, ld35, $W. Received Payment, &.c. ' 
 
 WILLIAM DON.ALDSON." 
 
 ^Rblibvino thb Country. — The junior Van Bureu refers here to Marcy'e Message of the previous day, TMnrch 
 84,] advising the [xxJiile lo mortgage llieir farm-, and lend i he satViy fund and pel banks the other six millions to re- 
 lieve the country. Mr. Parke Godwin, of the N. y. Customs, has given an lioiiest opinion about relievii'ie the 
 country, which we copy from his newipaper, The Pathfinder, of April 2-2, 1843. Electors of New York, la it not 
 iniel ReiMi and judge. Oodwiu apeaka the language of a true pauioi, a man who ftlt for the disirenaea and 
 
>BBi\a. 
 
 V\\he Plains, West 
 sccitainly not'iiiig 
 anniit, /uiiirvcr, ■.uriU 
 , UuU Sitf- raped him 
 I tlie exprcsaioi.' oi' 
 i.'i 10 the Collector. 
 
 VAN BUREN. 
 
 s Mortgage Message, 
 
 Albany, March i!J 
 shares 01 Moh. aiij 
 awing on me at J 
 s tu-o Meeks hence 
 day, and tlierel'ore 1 
 an licaL kmcMy by 
 Monday that Will 
 
 ly fifty shares Man- 
 
 h bolter. 
 
 I. VAN BUREN. 
 
 Tase Iloyt— wishes his 
 i' oficLuh for nut fur- 
 rcmhing ut S'SS per 
 ' of ' l/.e Dcrnoc/ocy.' 
 Ai.D.vNv, March 25, 
 ight. Yoii mu;.t be 
 ituck has gone up, 
 Hanks, and depreis 
 ours truly, 
 ^ VAN BUREN. 
 
 riwout nnd tlia Albany 
 liiiii a, Ciiriiiiig, Ac, lire 
 <[ ill my iillirrs itius ijot 
 lis ■'iM..wt f;i viir.i bit' roil- 
 
 licsir.lllli' ;iN llilii ||||„.^'> 
 < r— " His jHiliUcal quali- 
 Mr. All.. Miry General J. 
 :'if<ii — I I'lillv concur in 
 'rIcllHw, to tKMU, I iioue 
 J. V.A.N BL'UKN." 
 
 iiiiiiT (iir.-oiis. On the 
 (' a -n\ \mt |hililblK.|(, in 
 nol iiiiaii to lead. I am 
 
 cy-Sir ; Do not faiJ to 
 •^iii tnvir, irfio art, per- 
 I i"'"iy ilisciivcrnl tfgit- 
 
 'J!\:;V "•*"'• '■''""k "f 
 M I'HM I) TO PLf\. 
 
 JHOVT, Cullcctiir." 
 
 1 slic attc'i.l ,1 i„ D.>lfr;ii, 
 
 icntij prnyfr Tor John's 
 
 III m.Mi, ili!iilirinij;|itbi' 
 
 M'ciici', li.. woiilil iiavc 
 
 I'eiirs (.. liiH-,: shocked 
 
 0U.1 B. F. I5iitl,r's caii] 
 
 tlie Asctiiaii.n, Ur. To 
 
 iM DONALDSON." 
 
 lieprevioii8(lny,[Mnrch 
 mhi-r six iiiillion.H, tore- 
 im Hhdut relieving ihs 
 I of New York, is it not 
 it lor the (liiit/iiMKi aad 
 
 KDWIN ClIGSWELL PARKK GODWIN. DK.MOCRACY. 
 
 251 
 
 Bvy the Standard of Hote for $0;),Oft;) — Cm^ni^U pufs Mira/s S x MHiiii l^nan Mcffnge — 
 LiUf iij hiiii., i»it' ■■tf tin, I !, Ifuii mow ed mi u — i/iuU'iuiry d dics-i^aitd sici k in t to hi' >• 1 1 ! — /.vt 
 Will do til titJ> lUiinil — JiiJ,!Oii ilj» Cii'stcii in.Ui, ubaiU, sclunu smnthurcd «,•! impolitic ul the time. 
 
 [No. "Jiiii] lidwin I'roswell ol the Aij^iis lo Jes.se Iloyt, Now ^'orli. Ai.iiavv. March 
 '2), HU.— vl,' .)'ir.Sr: il' tie S'^ i.nlifd cAn l>-' p irchis'j I oi .\Ir. lion ■, uniiiiUiiihered, lor 
 fi*2v.),0J0, t)ur Iriend.'* oiij;lii noi lo hositaie to t(ot |.o>sossion oi' it. k.-'vXf I'lom tlie importance 
 01 the step, pulitioiill' , it conic sciirccly lail, il iiian.'if<od with rci'^oii; hie t.icl and ociinoniy, 
 to prove a m.^'tcr «;' p ciiiii<:ry piotit. I do nol tliink of any one pl('l;i^ely quuliliod tor the 
 charge of the paj-er, uhu i^ ai this moment iree from on;;ajjennnis oi ;,noiiur ■■-ori, hut I have 
 no dtuibt tho man may be I'ound, and soon, il' our Iriends will take the rclusal ol it for a 
 given I erio.l. 
 
 Von have undoiibicdly read the Governor's messa,'»e. Allow uie to ask your opinion of it! 
 The Bank and opposiiiun pres.>; f;ios>ly mi.'^n.'i resent the proposiiiLin. 'I'liat was expected of 
 course. The MuwW has pioduced the "dislre>s" and it-s incendiaries have contributed to il io 
 all j)0 sibit? ways. R.'al oi imaginary, it is iheii only luipo. Honco any proposition, calcu- 
 lated to produce roliel eitiier by inspiring contidonco, or by providing rnean^, is their bane, 
 and will be Innisiit and li>:d dmcii, il' pos.sible. But 1 am salishod the pio|ocl will be a;>proved 
 by the legislature, and by the people, and that it will result advnnirgi ously to the pecuniary 
 and political intoicsts or the state. Aitompt.s will be made by the b.iik | atriois and byselfisa 
 monied men to deery the Moek in the I'oieign luarket. But rely upon it, IF ANY SilALL 
 BE EVER ISaUED, it will lind a sale without difhculty. 
 
 sorr wi" oftlip poi'r<Ft of hip ci unryiiifn. lie i' ilie son-in-i;iw of Win. Cnllin Bryant, ami were nil the officM 
 ill L iwieiiie'!! (1 I aitiii iil ;is v\ ell lie^low. d u.- jii.s »aa, by Vim N< hs, who m tlicri' Ujiii iiiiild c<>Mi|il.'iln ? 
 
 (From the Pailifind- r, liy Pfuke G(mI« in.J— ' Ii [nicaiiiii); iliu (li'iimcr'Hic luiriy) has iiilkeil iiniil it h:iP not only 
 cxiinusiL'il its It caili. Imt iiH lile. VVIiai i» ii ilniiii: ti> nmy oiii ll» |'rinci|.|i> ? W linl leul vnaliiy is lliere in 
 any ol i.s |>rM|iih enl inc ar-iin » .' V\ a it ueiinlni' iiiiiiih'n U m ny uf it> im iiiinii t iiifn ! Is ii not, ut mo- 
 
 iiieiil, »■ (iriinil imp n'lioii and falsi hoi i| i Is ii ml n vti-l ci'll i;ii\e diaU'V heiiil, an illii-ii n, ii ile^ ■ r, a d 
 Riili-clirist 7 We I'liisilv. s aii>»er liit'sf qiietiiiiins in the attiiiiiative. We (In .»o, hirause wr coiicci; 'iioi. 
 biliRvi thai our poliiio and mir poliiiCiil panies are »iii|ieiiil. us anil cruel huiiihu^s. The (!■ niociunc puny. ,. ■ 
 liiMilnrly. is liable lo this ci.arge. because it p (il'i>Hr8 lo be (iuiibd by lolly aiiiisi. lis ends an: ii,:ht, b its iiitaui, 
 are delu ive. Not ili 't the mass ol ils ineniliers aie awan- ol ibis — not thui n vvhiih pio|le would ilanluuly 
 nttr e to mislead and rheiii Ibiiii^il^es — bin that the hailers of ilie pariy are filled i ill. er uiili ii-n.iance or 
 hyiMJcrifV and S' llinlmess. Tiny are eiihcr trrossly ijinornnl of ihiir dii'iis, or tboy know that iliey die bitiayinf 
 ihe ninlmude whnm tiny prohss in serve. We inipearh llnin wnh tlie fail. We charge thini w:'>« tritUng 
 with Ihe happiiii'Ms oiniil lions. We accuiie them of an uiter want ol liainuii 8\iiipuUiy. We denounce :iem as 
 ciiealD and |iret' iidern. 
 
 Tills is Htriii.c i.iiiL'iiaBe. Iiut not loo fironK to be verified. Let lis see. Wliiil liave the ninss > thp population 
 pnineil by the nc. ni (11 ( tiiii ? Why, ihi> have dliiiisscii one sii of inaijisirnles lo adopi unoii h lio may or 
 may ii't lie betier. B' vmid liie I'rw « ho will ^lel oltice by iho iniolerunt pioscripioa of tlieir ^imiKnis, what 
 dais is l.tneii.ed ? lliis a y laiiiciple been H'Uled .' Has any real, posiive ndvnncement been «\rought in the 
 conililioii ol Ihe people, or evi ii in i ubiic opinion 1 After all the wasteful ejp» nditiue of time niid ninney, afier 
 a I the I am lies, jniik'i ii ps mid ppciclics, ufn r the (le( lama i ions of ihe m «S|.api r- and tin vocifi nil ions of liio 
 biir-i()niiis, rifi.r -oii ly h is brrn sinred to lis dipilis hy ii tierce exiiiement, i> tin n' ii siiii:li- man who tan Inn- 
 eHily s:iy that his loi lias be> ii improved by tin- lesii I, even m> iiiiii Ii as one jol or little ! Ooi s nny ileiiiocriit, 
 In liie wildest llijiit of Ins cxiiectjlioii'^, believe Iliai ei her jiro.-licrilv, eoniloit, it i Ii vaiion has hren si i iiuni to 
 Ihe (>| iiplc'! Aiclle^ more sun of eiiipliyniert, more en-y in iheir pecuiiiiry cirnniisliii ces, hriier loil|2id,or 
 clothed, or fed, enl.'iri:ed in lulellict and cxpuiided in syinpntby, in eonsi qnenci' iif the puliiical r viduiliin to 
 whii h tliey liave been iii.'i' i' in cnntribnK! ? Nol No' The poor deluded cre.itiiris areas inisi rahleand debased 
 as ever they wi re— in iliu luce of all the lying llalleries of |)olitii:al nddiesiies, and all the heartlestf muckii gij of 
 politic.il liaders. 
 
 Nay, we go fnrllier than this. We will 9iippo.«e that the (h mocralic party hap been successful in its pro 
 jecm, not only in Ibis ilty, bin iliioiii;lii<iii ihe Union '. we will suppose lint Mr. rallionn or Mr. Van Biiren hai 
 been cliosim to ihe I'residem y. a I ni; Willi lriiiiii|iliaiit liiajoiitii s 111 bolh houses ol Ci.nsnss: we will suppose 
 that all ihe nieasiiies for uti^ch it ronlinds are carriid Into prnciicat e.\< ciilii n : we will fiii|'poge all this, and 
 yia Kay, ihut il « ill imt beiiciii the mafs ol Ilie I eoplc in any lierccpiible d({;ree I It will hariiiy si cure tliein a 
 single one of llnir piiinary and nior-t Imponnni ri)!liLs! I: v^ill leave tliini as far troni the point oi true social 
 happiness and individual diMlopment as Ibcy are now! They will continue lo bi! as debased, iitnorfiil, and 
 siinalid as they nre now I Tiiey will be ex|)Oseil to as rnmh sullirin;! ai.d as many di>nsli-rs as they are now! 
 Tlicy will slill live in nasty and pesiiferons lioiiscs, in ( rowded ai^d dirly siri its : thiy will still work in uliopa 
 that are little lieltir ihan slyei-: Ibey will suU fci d upon the worst prorimts of the woist innik(l.s : they will .still 
 be cut olf from mnny of the necessaries, and all tile reliiicnienls and elcfiances of life : liny will still be visited bjr 
 want, sickn' s^, de^liiiiiioii, ai d ha^t(■lled-dL'ath : their eluldren will still grow up in Idleni !■») i^inirance, and vice: 
 they will sail be denied the right bi l.bor, the rijilit to education, the ri)!l:t M social iiiieicnur.-i : they will siili be 
 the slaves of the capi'alisi and the diipi- of ilie pohiician : still forever running the sanir drear) n iind ofdia- 
 apreeahli' nnd nioiioinnoiis laimr, uiisaasln d >te^ir' s, artificial disease, ilehasm:; coiii|i:iiiioiiships, cln eriess lives 
 and hopi h'ss death-: ! I'nilliral changi'S may have brniiubt them a brief poliiical improvenieht ; hut ah I in all 
 theessi ntialti of h,■lppirle^s, tiny will be as nieaure and helpless as ever. Poliiiciaiis : have yon ihnuglit of tllisi 
 If >oii have nut, wliat rriiiiiiial bliiul gn drs you are ? If you have, what inlainous hy|.i criies your impostures 
 |irovo you til have been ! We sngiicst lhi'<iuestion, in lite u;inost srriousncss, to tlir liicher iiiinds nn.oiie the 
 deinocrais ; wlieih r for tie last t.v iiny yiiirs, thi y hnvenccoiiipli~hed uii|ilit worth speak'ng ol for the niillinngT 
 Wi' ask thi'in, wiiiiher tiny are likely to do niinhiiiE more, for the ne.xi hfiy years ? We call iipnn Mr. Van 
 Buren, n|ion Silas Wiijibt, S.iinucI Voung, Tiiiiiin.iny Hall, the Di niocrntic Fteview, Ihe Pn belan, .ind Evening 
 Post, or nny orRan or .(Ivocate of the deinocruiic party, to (ieclnre in what respf-ct ibey ho|)f to iinprnve ihi' con- 
 dition ortheinassi s— bi what det'ree nnd by whai miHiis ihev propiBe to advance Ihe publir hn|'pine.S8? When 
 and how nnd where they arc to furnish even a partial exeinplihcniion of tlie workini; of tlieir boasted (irinciplesT 
 Thny tniiBt do this, or bii content lo receive the withering curses which the lung misled and abused multitude wUl 
 soon r or later he.ip up^n their lunty heads." 
 
 X . 
 
 '':j 
 
ll 
 
 252 
 
 CR08WELL, VAND&RPOEL, MONROE, AC. FIN'ANCIERtNft. 
 
 r.-t -■ ■ ■ 
 
 .. ;. >"^ 
 
 So far as we hear from the country, the effect of the racMage has been favorable, heyond 
 our most .ian<?uin-'Pxpeji;itions. Such is the case here. Modi-rate mm of the opposition see 
 and aJinit the value ol the propc^ition as a moasnn of relief, an 1 although the party iieros- 
 papersiii IM fcrvicc of tkr. bank will deride and a.-.sail it, lliey will not ciiny by any means all 
 their friends with them. Aside lioin its intrinsie worth, as ihe l)e>t proposition that, -mderthe 
 circumstances, could bj presented to the legislature, (< icili frjvc t,) ui.i'ctiinfi.hna. to our friends, 
 so FAR AS THAT tH NKCKssARY, Bud wiil put arsjuineUis and weapons into their haiids. A. 
 ten m'Uion bank was received with lilUe favor hcri\ in or nut of Vic ictsislal.uir, and if pnrpused 
 coul<l wtt kavf.swccetlcil. Defeat iiuiidd kiivc given 'o Ike tr/inlc lunlter a far vorse aspect than if 
 nothing kad been attempted. Willi great regard — sincerely your fricnci, E. CROSWELL. 
 
 Gambling in the Stocks, 
 
 [No. 367.] Attorney General (John) Van Burc^ to Jesse Hoyt, New York. Ar.DANY, 
 March, 28, 1834.— My Dkar Jkssk— The purchase by N. and T. oi' K)J Moluiwk at 9ti, is 
 very good. I understand it to be payable in all next week, i ^hall be in N. Y. next Monday 
 (31st inst.) and then shall arrange it. Please coiinterniand the ctider for IJoston and Provi- 
 dence; I should prefer not to buy it; and if it is purchased and can be resold without loss, 
 let it be done — any how, as Loru Grey .said, 1 shall stand by my ' order.' 
 
 Yours very truly, J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 [No. 268.] Attorney General J. Van Di'.ren ashimcd to apjxar puUicly as a Stock-jobber. 
 
 Albany, April 17, 1H34. — My DearJessk — N'evins and Townsenil write me that they have 
 bought my Utica Stock. Please get the money for tiie enclosed, ami pay liieui. I do not irisi 
 to correspond with thk.m direct/ij. Let the certificate be ma ie out ia my name, and send it to 
 me by some private conveyance, or keep it till I come down, which will be shortly. 
 
 Yours very truly, J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 TVie Postscript shows the future financier. 
 
 [No. 2f.J).] . 
 
 5fiJ).] Attorney General J. Van Buren to Je.vse tlovt, at New York. Albany, 
 June" 13, IHIM.— My Dkar Jkssk— With the slender assistancf v\' the above [a draft for 3780] 
 fortified by the enclo.sed [a check for $31 10], you will, I think, he able (if von will do me the 
 favor), to satisfy the following demands — Nevins A: Townsrnd s3l»l,l(;— Chester Jennings S250 
 — " Young" Wilson S'lOfl—Minihorne Tompkins ,570. If it falls >liori, parcel it out to the 
 Cormorants, in such bits as you may deem most mtvl to subserve their s(.'v.'r;:l necessities. I 
 intend to walk into the Mohawk soon. J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 P. S. I iho'l iny Slock was bought at lO.O, was it not! Tlie receipt says 10'.>\ 
 
 Young Van Buren's father-in-law, and Ifoj/t's brother, Lorenzo, getting rid of less prcfdabk 
 
 Dank-Stock, through Jc.<;sc's agency. 
 [No. 270.] Judge James Vanderpoel, Albany, to Jesse Hoyt, New York. Af.bany, 
 June 20, 183-1.— Dear Sir— I thank you for the services you have rentlered your brother and 
 myself in pro<'nring ."lock for us in the Lafayette Bank. Our portion to Ix; sure is not large, 
 but we console ourselves with the truth of the old adage, that '• hall a itmf is better than no bread." 
 You will confer another obligation upon me to procure the rcsichie cf the deposit money, and 
 either send me your check, or deposit it in the Ph(i;ni.\ Bank in mv name to the credit of the 
 Canal Bank. I send you a draft on the Commissioners fiir the anmunt. \\' it is presented on 
 Monday the Comini.ss'ioners will nay it, otherwise it must be chawn throuirh the Butchers and 
 Drovers' Bank. Resp?ctfully yours, J. VANDERPOEL. 
 
 Af?m. by J. Hoyt. June 23. Received S2jO from Commisi.ioucrs and ^.ent my check to 
 Judge Vanderpoel for it. J. H. 
 
 [No. 271.] Lorenzo Hovt, Albany, to Je.'^se Hovt, New York. Julv 18, 1834.— Dear 
 Brother: The Judge [Vanderpoel] and mvself THINK WE SHALL MAKE NOTHING 
 BY HOLDING OUR LA FAYETTE STOCK, and therefore, annexed, send a power of 
 attorney to sell it. Please have it done, and send your check to tJie Jiid^e lor the amount. 
 Yours aftectionately, L. HOYT. 
 
 " July 21, 1834. Sold for account of Jesse Hoyt, Esq. By Ncvius & Town'-end, 25 shares 
 Lt Payette Bank stock at 101 \ S2.537,70— less commission iper cent, S0,34— ;i?253l.l6— Less 
 90 per cent, u'.vpaid, 2250=t^l,lG." 
 
 A silk stockins Democrat.- 
 
 We have to be a liltU: vvlgar these Jackson timrs." 
 
 B\M,nTOM Spa, 
 
 
 [No. 272.] James Monroe, Esq., to Jesse Hoyt, 42 Wall sfeet, N. Y. B\M,nTOM Sp 
 July 24, '34.— Dear Hoyt: A Virginia friend, like all the rest of t'lem who have not played a 
 jart in Wall street, do hot know and will not learn that when a note or draft is due, thJt it 
 either hag to be paid or protested. When I left N. Y. 1 made nu provisiua fur the payment of 
 
tNO. 
 
 f. TAN BURRN. DUTEE J. PIEKCE AND R. I. POLITICS. 
 
 i-JS 
 
 [favorable, hej-ond 
 
 "tlu' opposition see 
 
 j;h the party lunos- 
 
 by any means all 
 
 |ioii tluit, under the 
 
 ciia: to our friends 
 
 ■> their hands. A 
 
 I'c, and if pntptised 
 
 \(ir^r. aspecl than if 
 
 ' C/IOSWKLL. 
 
 K York. At.BANY, 
 iMnhiiwIc at 9t!, h 
 T. Y. nt'xt Monday 
 IJustun and Provi- 
 K'sold without loss, 
 
 \AxV BUREN. 
 
 Ill as a Stock-jobber. 
 
 \w. thnt they have 
 L'lii. / do not irisA, 
 iiif, and send it to 
 ^ilo^lly. 
 VAiN BUREN. 
 
 «• York. Albany, 
 •-' [a draft for S780] 
 VI )u will do me the 
 '.-ttr Jennings S^50 
 larcel it out to the 
 vr;:l necessities. I 
 VAN BUREN. 
 
 "id of less prrfUabk 
 
 v "\'ork-. Ar.BANY, 
 ! your brother and 
 ; sure is not large, 
 ttcrthan no bread." 
 leposit money, and 
 to the credit of the 
 t it is presented on 
 1 the Butchers and 
 ANDERPOEL. 
 .'■eiit my check to 
 J. H. 
 
 V JS, 1R34.— Dear 
 \ivE NOTHING 
 , soiul a power of 
 ! for the amount. 
 
 L. nOYT. 
 wnsend, 25 shares 
 — ii?253l.l6— Less 
 
 m times." 
 
 B\m,stovSpa, 
 have not played a 
 aft is due, th;.t It 
 br the payment of 
 
 a draft on me for S1550, drawn by a Virginian, thinking that he would think ami i-^ct bO fara« 
 to put the money in bj.nk to meet the payment. Not so — the dialt had to be paid, aftd like 
 Ward's note.x, ur rather iny notes in his iavour siknthj overdrawn my bank account which my 
 agent made good by loan Vrom my friend II. Ogclen of the Cu: luni llou-^c Now, if you can 
 conveniently, anil if you cannot conveniently, then you mu~t put in ban'.c f jr ii\v account the 
 SJIOOO as early as the"inornin,'' of the *J7ih inst , as 1 ^hall tend a cheek to Ugden" for that day. 
 He is a Hood Jadsiiii man, a.na perhaps wants no money, but tiiis you cau ask him. If my 
 friend from Viru^inia puts my money in Bank, I will sciid you a clu'L-k- for the jflOOO at once — 
 this he may write me to-day liiat he ha.s done. You c.ui lirvo the money ar,'.Tin in a icv! daya 
 at anv rate. / liuiv it is vul'^ar to allend to 7nmii'i/ mnltrrs this hvt vcul/ur, bUT WE HAVE 
 TO BE A LITTLE VULGAR THESE JACKSON TIMES. 
 
 No news here. Let me hear from you. If ijoti would Ukr to make o liftlc inoitnjout (i/Sara- 
 TOOA, let me know it. 1 tell ijonil must go duien. I vunj join, wu. ^Vhen does Glover and 
 Ward come up! In haste, your.s truly, ^ J.MONROE. 
 
 A IJes::;ar — Can ijou get bel.->? — Perish C. P. C. Ikurd.'ley, 
 
 [No. 273.] Attorney General John Van Buren to J. Ibnt, N. Y. Albany, Aug. 29, 1834. 
 Mv Dear Jessk: For G — d's sake send me my over coat — my underclothes are all worn out, 
 and I'm a beggar. Let it be taken to Wheelei's, who will -rml it to me. Can you get anv 
 bets on Governor, even 1 We shall lick the dogs so in ilii:, biate that the ' Great West' will 
 hear the howling. Yours truly, J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 N. B. Our brethren iu Oneida are all 'Avith one aeeord ur.ited'— look out for a tall majority 
 in 0. (1) '-Perish C. P. C. Beardsley' (2) will be re-elected by 1500 majority. 
 
 '/ imtft have a shy at the Boys' — a Stockjobbing Epistk. 
 
 [No. 271.1 Attorney General John Van Buren to J. Hoyt, (Albany,) Sept. 5, 1834.— My 
 Dear Jessk— Pl'-i^e let Nevins & Townsend buy me 100 shares ~ ~ -. . 
 
 . cheap as possible. I mu.st have a shy at the boy 
 
 of l'attcr.-.on R. R. Stock 
 Keep the } urcharod note 
 
 del'v'r inGOd 
 
 till 1 see vou. „ .- . .. 
 
 in my absence . > depress .'-locks rapidly and seriously, which is liardly po«-<ibie, sell out and 
 save me from loss. Yours truly, J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 hall go west this afternoon, and return in3 or 4 weeks. If cnjtfhingtumsup 
 
 Ptarce on the Rhode Island Election — Potter ati old fed. in his dvtagc — IV/iip the Dank Men — 
 Chrernor Franeis, a Van Dnrenite of isL water — a hint about familii connexions, Jeromus John- 
 son like. 
 
 fNo. 27.J.] t Duiee J. Pearee, M. C, Rhode Island, to Jc>sc Hoyt, N. Y. Newport, R. 
 I. Sept. 18, 1831. — Private. — Dear sir: Yours of yesterday 1 have. It our men do not act like 
 fools, wc can elect our Senator by a decided majority, say a majority of five or six. In a vote 
 between Potter and Burges«, the vote would probably stand 41 lo 41, thus giving to the Gover- 
 nor the casting vote in favor of Mr. Potter -but to give i\]r. i\i!tcv !t voles, he niuj-t get three 
 votes in , and this three we are afraid he will not be able to do — and it is moreover 
 
 well understood that if there would be no probability of Mr. P's having a majority of one over 
 Mr. B.. Mr. B. will be withdra«Ti and the Alto. General, Greene, taken up, who would un- 
 doubtedly beat Mr. P. three or four voles. 1 think it will not do to run Mr. Potter, ^eho is now 
 in his old age and dotage — cannot forget h's early associations of fcilrr'dism and Hartford Con- 
 retit''yn\L'Siii . It is hard tor the Lthiopian to change his sl:in. ".Mr. P. will be the cause of our 
 defeat, if def.alod we should be ; and, if dJspo.sed, can put our success lx;yond a doubt — in other 
 words, if he will give up his pretensions where his friends tell him there is no chance for him — 
 and this we hum co, and support another man with the same zeal we would support him. // 
 JVC could support h.'ni vilh the hope of suaess, ice irould girc the le.iik r:en a seccc u-fiipping, i.nd 
 send to llie Seiutc the best man "we have, in my opinion, in our tu.ie, Governor [Jolm B.j 
 
 * riTi'h r. p. ('. Bi'iirt!<1ry wms tlir w1i!r ricl^nnnic tn SmiiTliI Bonn Wry. ( t'drciiln, wlio wa.i ii violent snp- 
 pirlcr of tliu y.'lfiy Kind l,e.igiio rr B iiilxs, iiimI an n nuy in llit' I'nlt' d fSitl c I a; k hiiI h aru.lip>-. Ilttcot iiliy 
 H ^|)el■cll til Ciinpri ^<. .I,iiiu:iry. IKJ-l, In wliicli liu liiUl — ■' .No ! smiucr lliun atiuie i iir sup — pcriill iho state 
 blinks— pi^rish tTcilii— (urisii i(iiiiiin.'rce." 
 
 t PiUce J I'e 'rce. nn inflnpntlnl Inwycr nf Rliodr l.iliinrt. \vii< n|iiv)intP(l I'V Mimroo, in IW-I. it.< U. S. DMrict 
 Atiorncv. Il« i i.i icil il.o ISiili ('miBrfss. In Dccpiiilicr, IS'i.'i, witli 'I'riitn.ni Cmi'fss : :ii'cl .li'lin Oiiincy Ailnnis 
 tliiH ninLTMiiliitrs h III on ii ro-i'lection tn ihf 24ih Cuncress. icii yeir* iit'irr, in a litter diiltd Uniiicy, S.'pt. 
 7,1833. " I lii'iirlily (iinurilnliilo^dii iiihmi yniir re tlcninn to (.'(in!:rrss--.>lihi>ii;:li n|o,i ni.iny iin|.ortant piililir' 
 II eiiMirf, 1 il.iri'riMl widi'ly in opinion Iroiii you in iho In^l Conj.'rc-^ ; mid iililioti!!li 1 (In not fi.iiiur inyseW iliat 
 \\8 nIi'iII Huree inncli littltT III tlic next, I Hill yet ciinvlnri'i) iliiit the puny wliich li.ii liccn tliof two yrnr» 
 slrnppllng |o hre k yon down, llii! liave ci inpi'iir.d of H^'riliird ronvontion lVil< r li. in iim! rnyi-l urch limMirrv, in 
 fo rnltun Willi the rorrii|ilion oflioili In cli'iinnls, tliiil I hnil Willi j.'y i!io victory which yi ii Inive ncliiivcd 
 (ivrr it; I rrjo ue also llnit tlio siiiiic (Hioplf Iihvp rp|iiiirtd tlio !iijn-l ip iloi c liv llif si'iiic jirly to Mr. Spnipue, 
 imd liiiyp rfturiicd him to CiiiiBroas ii-i your collciii'iie. Of lliat pioly, Ircitclniv i.s so lavorilc nn ln<lruiiicni, 
 tli"t I have hi'iiril Mr. Bnrir-s coniiilnin thnl llipy Inwe used it cvi-n with lilin. It Iri their nnturi- mid ihcif 
 vuctttloD. I wekuiiio the result uf yuur clevtiuii as a pitd^e timi ihclr chuliuo U retuiiilng tu their own lipa." 
 
 ii. 
 
 ' •: I 
 
% 
 
 ..v|.. ,, 
 
 Kt '-■ ' ::.: 
 
 ^ >;■-*•/■ 
 
 . • >■ ■ ■• 
 
 2u-l nt TM-a'b Wanton abuse or the mayor or piiiLADri.riiiA. 
 
 Francis. lie cm roitniiily be elected ngninst any man the bnnlc party can name, by a innjnr- 
 Jty offiv'', r.Mi/iJiR his own r.itt,- as tho pr-siiling uHicfr oI'lKith hviiiM's. 
 
 !^1 \ Pi-'iK-if '.< inu <ii/i/ii/rnt'iil fi-iind, mul vimhi fiip/h'ii (he iitltiiiiiftratn'n. H' is inorr ilt- 
 ■vote./ t.i M\ !'>// nun II lli.oi iinij atfi/'- imin in ll'imlc hlni'i. Mi' wi.s my rliissm^.to, ami iji ■ 
 classnjiK' Di'Giiv'iiior Fi'inifis in Cnilc^'u, and is al'-(\vi)nriJuV(.riioi [M..r.'v J'n ) iisdii.^I iii"iii|. 
 Mr. Fr.uK.'is is ivii inixious liir ihf phicc, but I hirw WMula i' in il In.' .\ Ji'.i'i i>.c \\c tin supputt 
 of (;.ir [I'iity. With laL'so prj-^jvcts ht'iiir- us, it will iv too lii.d tu h;iV t;ii;in 11. sstcit — t:i.tt 
 !.)la=:tjj't!i ■>'• will b.', Ijy Mr. P,it r\ r"-'i'iiri.'Citv rnut i)t>'tia; cy. \Vh.-.t r ii \\v do'' 1 hi rdl;, 
 WicAV. 1 i'lav'j sviiii n" l k-ly tn Mr. AV.uidl>ury iMlly, in ivjj.^'J t>i o'lr di:li;Mi;iij.s, t,nd hjvc '• 
 lim.w tboM'.'h: I v.- .-ild wn": Mr. \'an Miircn^ and" Mr. ^VntJ!.t www y^-n-.tor, in >• lutim lu 
 th^-n. r^\V-. P [ '.:'tl.i] 'svnikr ■raU «li •utUms ti M TI>iVi/. Il -Mr. Wriglu WdulJ, 
 X.j">^iiii-''.i: .'ri:i,,'i:ij,' luy n.'in.' into qiH-siicn, vt in ar:y \v, y reloiring in it, liii;.' Mr. f. to with. 
 3l^-'Jra\v \vh-."i Iv linds' -ucc-o'-s hc^ii'los^. aud llironiHiili his wcif^ia mtj lUv -t.i.h' ol Mr. FV.n- 
 *:3rcis, our VRi.jry wouid lie a gl.iricms orr.-. Mr. P. wuuld raLs<' hinisili in the rviirnLtion jf 
 •l^'t'i.' rdn iT ..:- iiion, rn.t it' li'" yu "urtli would uU n;cci\-c bi^ n-wurl, sotii? 'A' l-is li-iends an- 
 j;>i'amih cci.uL'dnin iua\. Truly yours, DUJ'l-IK J. I't-AHCi; 
 
 Perish C. P. C lieartlslctj no ' Dank slai-i,' onlij a Van Dunn mav !! 
 
 [No. OTfl.] .■t'atnnrl BearJ'iley. M.C. tJ Jesse Ho_\-t, X. Y. P/itvj//-.— W'ashivotov, 
 
 Sept.-:n!^cv v'-i, 1S;M — D-.-ar Sir: Ymir favour of the IGth, reached im.- hori.' to-day. 1 am woii 
 
 a'.van? oi ;hc f'-'.ing of your bank* morohants, arul all oilier bank worshippi'is towards niv'seli. 
 
 That isof lit:l.' ru.j>n.!ii to ni*, and l'*sjj still to the pulilic. I dare not ventue any opinion tu 
 
 you atout my di.'^trict, althoniyli I l*li(n-e our political friends hojie that it \rill belbr the country 
 
 "ratiier than tor th^Miank. Personal feeling aside,! must say that I hope such may !« tk' 
 
 result: in oth'r word.-i. 1 would prefer being a freeman to beintc a bnnk slave. I do not give any 
 
 opinion lor inyseh about liie DLstrict. I however believe that our fi .<;nd."» not only hope fur a 
 
 (kinjcratic majority in Oneida and Oswego, but they expect oi. ' ol Iroui j to 10 hundred. My 
 
 opinion ij«, that GiiVvul Ro>)t may have 400 majority in Brooi..c, btu that in Delaware he will 
 
 be behind soine SOO. 1 prouiuae Governor Morcy \viU be re-elected by m re i! an ten thousand. 
 
 In haste yom-s, o. ULAilDSLEY. 
 
 ' • 
 
 Van Durcn's Profatdty srt off by Dutki-'s Pirty. 
 
 FNo. "277.] Attornev G?n'l J. V. Buren to J. Ho\l, N. Y. P'in'k— " Avon, N. Y. S?pi. 
 28" [1834]— franked by "M. Van Buren." Mv Dkap.Me9se,— I make use of a frank the M 
 
 mart lell with me, to let you know that I am about at unhappy a il 1 as you wnUd wish to 
 
 see — from t':r jcar that y<ju havf purchased mc sume Patlcrs,rn R. If. i^ivk, (m which I am to lose a 
 lur^c sum ofiaonnj. 1 .■jee tJial on Wednesday it left otl'at Rl;,, whirli is 8 or 1> pjr cent, lowv.- 
 
 than it vras when 1 authori7cJ you to buy for "me. I know nothi::,,' of the d J stock, except 
 
 that Bremtier was dealiug in it",t and it had been rising tor a moi.th, and I hatdly lliouglit my 
 
 * When P.'umicl Bcarilsloy wn^ elected to Cfinure'-i, from Onniiln. he rtsiiinoj the ofl'ute nf U. S Diitrlct .\t 
 t.irnoy, w.m siuoei'ikil liy .N. H. H(>i\iiin, niiw 3i'cri;liiry iilSlrtli' lur .V. V., imil in l"^!)!''. .iiniuliiioil li\ (idviTniT 
 JM/ircy .Attorney Ciriipr il. He wh'* :\ linn siipik'rliT ofiho i«fply riiinl Ivink sy>li'iii, uppu-^cil in Ynui p, unci cine 
 i)t fiiiir 111 liiiy (I'li-wcll's tlirepw.illiil tidust-, nut nf whicli joli llic Kvnuhi; JniirnHl p.iirMctril lunch nniiiie' 
 liwnt ;it ilii' t'.\|»~:is(' ultlio knaves wlin iiihiIu the iMirttRin. BiMrilslpy emeriti llie .•irniito (if N'. Y., In ld23, was 
 a ritriil pnrti.-iaii, tiiiiniu^h I'nr Crnvfunl, nnd, hi llmuiiiunil thinks, very honi'At. .M^ny nnnilniilt'il h'liii tn l>o 
 Alt..riii;y (i-.'ntril. l.;to hi J83G ; uii I when >i snnul'ir. he cdulil not Iprmi; Ills ronTiiiin' inconirnt Ki Iho sendirij 
 of B^h<>|) Mnd Ki'Miliic bnck t'> their constituents. Like Wright, in IbJ-t, hr thoiij,'lil Ihiit piipuliir iip|ieAls iimy 
 bo inMie tcx) iii't> Il 
 
 t Bittlkr's t'iKTV. — Jnhn Vnii Bnrpn i< said to h^vo rrnmrkod. when in Now York, «()me time since, thnthc 
 [••li:iVrcd le<s tor lii« ppil'.miiy thnn IJiillor did lor his piety. I imne.v imnilier -'peciiiiiMi nf the lnltBr. 
 
 It i« Will kiiown lli:it .1. (;. li^uni'tt t(«)k part wllh V m Uiiion, l..i\vreiice, Ciller, Murii-i, Kdinonds iind .''le- 
 ven<iin. in Ilic (ileiitworth ndiiir nl' 1H40. In lhn N. Y. Ilerild, id" Oct. -Jiiih. we Iind tlie rep.irt nf n \ Y. 'n- 
 disnution Hwetin!:. hclil. iit nnnn nf the Qltli in the P.nrk, Divid Bunks tiein" its |irc.-iiilent. and Wriu'lU II ■wkes, 
 now id' I'liris. tli« inciver of re-iilvo-:. Mr. B. F. BntI' r w.i.s ilie nntnr id" tlieiliiy: mid. had he icaliy heen h 
 piiiM 1 111 VII. iii< pallieiic appc.iU lo (Jixl iind I'rdvidi'iice wmild have liceii passed nver ly me wiln.ni rciiutrK — 
 tint liiidi at llip inipiidenw. riiveiuuaesi, ami hypi)cri>y siinwn in his letters, whicli (■■ .iin ir<; wiili his desirip- 
 lion Ml Ills uppimi>'.l<, nnd tlie then iirivor id' I'liiladelphia III) said, " Ilial frauds exu isive ami airiiriuiis wile 
 pr.iiliird hy the U'luu-s In XAX^ ,ind l.-;i;>, i.^ imw aliiindantly (iriiveii. These frauds wi re siicia;ssrul in the fir<l 
 in.stsia-e, and n'':.rly sii in llie last. 'I'lie r-'isun thai Ihi-y wa're nnl sii in the 1 alter ui-laiue, 1-; nut friim the 
 wan! of cxeitioiis ini their p .n. iiit I'lHiii jT.'/" Ihe direct iiiterpnsiium iif an nverriilm:' I'nn iilnice.../,;^ .... 
 I shiill (hi all I cm. undp.errefl liy threats of pruseculinn. indiclnieiit. nr a«?ii<-in:iliiai. which have been held 
 mil, In I'll on and lir.ns Ihcs . pirpct.'ators injustice, even if iiiy life I lil in the elllirt. I look nn this as a spe<'i:d 
 iiUerpn ilinii nf thai provalCia:e — lint ruler ol Inith and jiHliee, who rules iiMJ lei^ i'^ nver fill, and even in this 
 life piiai' lies the Kii. liy. and hrin^'s frauds to lijiht and piinishinent. . . . What a I'ri^hll'iil sj >ieiii of fraud 
 lines not all this devulope, on the pirt (if our opponents ? Monsirous in the evtniiie. .\iid chiefly concoctid 
 in and tliiiist upon us friini a mlahlHirinp city, the central seal nf the iii(ini";d p.iwer. and which is also tin) 
 liond (luariers of Iho L'niled .State.-i Hank, and has sn long been under its hlighliii); inllueiice. Yes, I'roni thai 
 eity c line the IlcKslans who were to crush our liherties, and dcsiroy the freedom and piirliy of our Instiintious. 
 (f-hoers.) ^Cf ■■^nd John Swift, lis iiiaynr. (great outcry.) the chief inagistralc nf llie second city in the United 
 \f!J' States, v.ai the wicked and willing airent and participator in forwarding these siupendous frauds, and in 
 <t5^ connlvinu nl the cnnteinplntcd finuds of It-'W. 'Trernendnus outcry.) And hy his control over hl.s police 
 
lOFLPIIIA. 
 
 HOYT AND VAN PVN S DEMOCIIATIC BETTING. 
 
 255 
 
 |i nnino, by a innj.ir. 
 
 l"fi. Tl is vinir lit- 
 |y cliisMni.tc, and fi, 
 I'vJ's |iis()ii.;li'ripii,|. 
 y\ ui' iw th( snppdit 
 ■ t.'ieiii IL sitcit— ti.ii 
 •■1 \vi' do? I h;r,|;, 
 |!i!'n;tijs, and lijvc -'■ 
 ri'.i^i', ill •• iLiijn to 
 •Ui. \Vrij,'iu Wdujj 
 i;ii,v Mr, I'. 10 will,. 
 Ill' -clIc ol Mr. Fr;.r)- 
 ]iii the PftiTni-tion ,.( 
 !(!? vH'is (ricnds a'l. 
 •1-:K J. l'i..ARCi:: 
 
 w/'-. — Wasiiivotov, 
 v to-day. I am '.v-.i; 
 ;)ix'is towards mnc\i 
 ■iitnc niiy opinion to 
 vrill be lor ihi! counrrv 
 I'c such iJUiy !« tlil- 
 I'. I do not give any 
 ni-'t oiilv hope Ibr a 
 3 tj 10 hundrol. My 
 in Delaware he will 
 le t! ;in ten thousand 
 ''■ LLAllDSLEY. 
 
 -"Avon, N. Y. S;pi 
 ISO of a frank the dd 
 ' as ym lon^Ud vsiih U) 
 on tckkhlamtoloica 
 >i ^'1- !) pjr cent, lowt.- 
 ; '■'■; — J stuck, except 
 . 1 haidly iliought ijiv 
 
 flii'c nf L'. S nimrlct At 
 '■ ■■ip|"'l"'cil In (JiiMTniT 
 pH-^fd ri> Vi.uip. and one 
 p.xir.uifil tiMich iiniine- 
 111- <if \, v., ill 1821. WHS 
 y niiiMiiiMicd him tn he. 
 KicniHcnl 111 iho seniiirii; 
 lilt pi'imliir appeals nmy 
 
 sometliiipiiincc, thntlic 
 "t ilie ImiKr. 
 irris, Kiiini>n<!s mid .s^ip. 
 e n"p.prl nf n \ Y. ^n- 
 n. MiiiJWrij.'ht ll.wkHH, 
 I. liiiil lie iriliy hi'fiii ,1 
 .■ tw waliuui rciimrK— 
 111 ir'; "irli hj^, di'»(ri|i. 
 >IVcitM(| Miriirli, lis uric 
 ■i: Mici;i;«-<lii| ill ilif (irn 
 ■liiHP, I-. mil ihiin tlie 
 Vlllriiru...^ .... 
 
 wliicli li.ivi! bpon lielil 
 i"li iin this IIS a sptM-iii 
 IT (ill. .mil rviMi in tlm 
 f-'lin'iil sj,|f.,i, of fpiiid 
 \iiil rhlrdy concoctiil 
 mil whirli is (ilsii ih,, 
 "■lice. Ves, Irniii thai 
 iiy I'f our Institution^, 
 'ind city in the IFnited 
 imdiuis frmiUs, mid m 
 cimlrol over M* policr 
 
 buying would knock it down Ibrthwiih. Perhaps it will go still lower, and may be worth 
 nothing lor all 1 know. If so, and if I own any, sell if you think liot, and let mc lose the 
 prcoeiit ditierence. If I get out of this job, you may consider mc •• discharfred cured" as the 
 Cholera roportb read. Yours ever truly, J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 J.sx Hiyts and John Van Dwrcn's D tf, Scpl. and O t., 1834. 
 
 [No. 278.] I have compiled the following statement from Mr. IIo>-t's memoranda of 
 his Ikts, on his own and Jolin Van Buren's account, previous U) the tail election in New York. 
 1831. 
 
 With Jamix U'alsnn U'M.—$50Q on Governor (Marcy vs. Seward), «i c?t— S500 on 7000 
 for Marey — ©50 to 5t'«J5 against Vcrplanck's nomination lor jtuvcrnoi — i;.')0 on C.'imlrelcng 
 — 6250 on Members of Coiigres.s in N. Jei-scy — jj-'50 on Oovirnorof Ohio— 5isJ''U on Governor 
 of New Yorli— SlOv) racli,(in 3, 4, 5, IJ, 7, and 8000 m.iiorilies lor Maicy— o50 aj;ainst 900 
 inaiority 1st ward, N. Y.— SIOOJ ou 750 mi'joriiy lor Cougresa in city of N. Y.— ilOOO ua 
 1260 majority Ibr governor, in do— total ji'4500. 
 
 With Oeo. /•'. Till man.— itiOO to S200 on Marcv— jiuO on Rcardslcy~S50 tliat Marcy does 
 as well in Montgonit-ry as in lbi3'i — cioOthlit the wfiigs would li.ve 2J50 in Washing on Co.— 
 S200 that Youn« and Cramer would beelected— jj*200 thi.t the whJirs would not elect M.C.'s ia 
 N. Y. city — filOO on 7thdistrict— jrlO on M.rcv— jJlOO ag'H t -00 on Luces as governor, in 
 Ohio— SiOO each on G, 7, and 8000 inajoiiiic>io' M^rcy in N. V.— SlOO c<.ch on b, 7, and 800 
 majoritit* for .Marcy in city of N. Y.— silO oii majority in U!.i\r Co.— iSO on 260 lor Gover- 
 nor in 14lli ward — j;50on Aew Jersey Congrops ticket — total ^31570. 
 
 With Akxaiulc) ILn/iiltoii, on CJovernor, S'-SO. 
 
 With Uremncr — on Governor ioOO — on Members of Congress S"5— $100 on 2000 
 
 majority for Lucas in Oiiio— a hat (SlO) on governor— $500 on 5000 maj. ibr Marcy — total 
 $1135. 
 
 With D. S. Jf;/if5,— S'lOO on 15,000 whig gov.— SlOO on rov. even— J?iJ5 on each 1000 up to 
 6000 on whii:: miijority in N. Y. city— S*35on eacii IOOO whig niaj. in stale of N. Y.— 5i20() to 
 SlOO that Sev, i would not li.ivc 5000 majority— fe700. 
 
 With Mss^ . Gnniidl, crlOO on 5000 maj.'ibr i\larc\— with Ji/j?i .4. Kinff, SlOO that the 
 hunkers would beat .Stilwoll 750 in N. Y. State— with E/hicur/k i.n Heardsli^y ^96— with G. W. 
 I^/T«w, a hat (Ji-'IO) on M.ncy — [Jiscph?] Kenuuhan ■/•bO oi\ Beardslcy — \\i\\\ H. K. Dogeii. 
 S50 on governor, and 2 bales of cotton (sOO) on city M. C's &c. — wilhi?. Curt,s that Gcn'l 
 Root gels no majority in Bruunic Co. ii'J5 — with same on govcnuir, ftlOO against S*ZQQ — with 
 Dudley Seidell on Be'ardsley &c. ftlOO— with Jihn Il'/ic s'150 — with Tliaddcns P/ulp.i,3 cases 
 of champaigne, and cash :;.50 on Bergen — with T. (.'arfiatlrr, wiif^at, wood, hams and apple.s 
 $'14— with //. Ki''-ln:ii-, buols S7 -with J.ikn V. Cni<;r.r«i\'j{\ nn fall election — with J. L. Jstph 
 S'-iOO on Liieas oi' Ohio and on Conqre.'is — with Dmprr jjlOO in ?t-00 on majority of Congress, 
 from Ohio, anil S'OO on awiinbly in do — with J. C. Pear^nn S'lOO on legislature of Ohio — with 
 ficvrj^c S. lJi)ii!;/ifii du 750 nvvr; ge niaj. en Ci '■.'less iiel;et in N. Y. rily S;5J00 — with John 
 Diur, a snil olclotln-s, ^50. on lOth ward — wiili (). Minni '^\W oi' Cmigress inaj. in N. Y. — 
 VI [i\i J acub Ldllr i^\QQ on 5000 niaj. for Governor .Marcy — with Clunks L. LiviiiL'ft^n, thai 
 Alleghany and Orleans woiikl not both te against V. Biiren ruid Co. for governor SlOO, Oct.. 
 tJth — increased to jr-50, Oct. •Jlltli — another bet $i()0 — with' f.'/(/-/.v7w«.'i,s, a lia.n 5^3 — 2 cases of 
 chainpa:giie with G , on Ohio election — with ConfUus Bc-u'ert $'){)on Beardsley. 
 
 With J. yi///;i/.— SlOOoii Gov. of ]\Iaine— ij'iOO on Gov. of Ohio— SlOO on Gov. 
 
 Marey against ^:ewal•d — jr'lOO on W. Jersey CotigresMucn — i:100 on aggregate majorities o;" 
 
 (itliccrs, concocted iind iiiiir^linllod h system which wns successl'iil in cnalilinc men to come hero iind deposit 
 illogiil votes ill our liallot Ihi.\i,s. WJiiit is due to ihese ollicers ot justice, men sworn to preserve the course 
 m'jnslirc piiri'. mid to do :iii to delect nil otl'enders iii;aiii>l jii>tire, and in prevent ll:e perversion of llib 
 course? 8"/' 'l"'^'' |i"lic" cflicers iind ihi< John Swi.'i, one of the swum vice gorents of the God of justice 
 J):Cr' on e'li^lli. 'ill sriulin^ on men In vote, and some uoiiiiii); on lo vole llRiiiseivc^, ttnd ^iviii); to those sent 
 J):5" 111" chmacler of llie greatest dcsiH'radnes their city contained, sending ihciii here to he dressed up in 
 the comiiiltlee riiiims, and lo vote at all the ward polls, if po^sililel 1 a-k \ou, 1 usk our opponents, I nsk nil 
 honest men, ivhillier Uicm' ollicers ol jiiMlic ever >eiit to ilio state pri-oii. tla' penilenliary, or Riillows, or t<H>k 
 to prison or llii gallou^. any men .-o ciilpalile, so criminal, or so ilcserviiii; il.i' iiallows, us tliey were them- 
 .selves ? (.Luiid and 'iintinui'd cheers Hiiil cries of " No. no.'') Mr. Roller denied having nsserled that on Oct. 
 1,'itli, he would nial>e (lit^cliKiires that would si^tlle Mr. Van IJiiren's cli iiinii— " yit, [said hr.J straii>;e to tell, on 
 that very day, Jlr. Steven i' walked into my i.ttlce and told me of all these fraiid.s. I then rcmenilscred it 
 was the l.'iUi III ()r'.ol)ir. 'Iieers.) {):y' VVho, the", shall chiirjre me w itli fanalicisni, or superstition, when 
 5;7- I say that I can see lliis llie li^^'er of the Jod of iriiili and ju^lici". who irilers till tliinus well : 
 fcrwhii will protect the \ imus and punish tlio (iiiilty ? And strinif! in this lielief, and undi.smaycd by 
 j)3r ihre.iti, I shall conliiuii' lo jro on, and honestly do my duly lo him and my courlry." 
 
 tin this same far lamed Llih of Orioiier, at ii (ireat National Hall iiieelint-'i Mr I're.-cott Mall thus dissected 
 the demerits of Biiller. "Tin iidivuliial, with no merit of hisuwn, hui wliut hu derives from shadowmi: 
 liirih Mr. Van tliiren's opinion-, whilst he was docryinj; the citull .sy.-teiii, was himself a borrower of 
 $2<i,000 from the Mmtialtan Bank, with' ut any security, lie e.vpciided il all in .speculations. The roni- 
 niitiec ciilled on him for security. What did he pivc ? Why Chicago lots, (Koars uf laughter) all nf which 
 only cost him $Ci)ii. ami that was as much as they were all worth: (Cheer;,) uiid yet he talks about the 
 aristocratic borrowers and sjieciilntors un the credit system." 
 
 
 ;| 
 
 ■pi 
 
mi' 
 
 Ml- 
 
 ■iM 
 
 W 
 
 '■'■;■;;';■,:'■ 
 
 
 , !■ 
 
 .Sl, 'v't. •■ 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Jl^.^...:--v 
 
 
 ■"..y- 
 
 
 '• . > 
 
 256 ANorriER vikw of a 3^"democratic attorney gexrral op n. y. 
 
 democrntic Conp-csm^n from N. Y. S.— f 103 on GOOD majority for M::rcy- -S50 on Con- 
 
 gress ticlict ia 
 
 Mr. fljvt'.s hnnJwritinr' being l)ad, I may have made some mistakes, but think not. It ap. 
 pear.^ to iii;' 'h t th-.'.:e Lc , an.io iniing I'rom jpl'2,00J to $15,0)0, arc bin :i p.,rtoi'his ■nvgers 
 on the elcciioii ol 1831 — jiu his o her memoranda ly^ less cljar. lie yeem.s to have begun 
 betting e rly in Septeuiber, and to have kept on diiily till the elections wcrj ;.ll over. A reve- 
 nue otlicsr t'll J me one d;iy at the custom house here' that Mr. Hoyl's bets on the fall elections 
 of 1810 were enjugh to have ruined a dozen of men who had not extraordinary rcoirces, hu; 
 heg.ive me no liicts, so 1 do not vouch fir bis statement, though very probable. Mr. Hoyt's 
 letting did njt enrich him, as witness Warren's letters of Dec. and Jan. ne.xt. John Van 
 Buren miiy have cl:are ! through Hoyt alone, on tliat ek'C ion, $9000. He had acce.ss to the 
 whole correspondence of the central junto at Albany, and the rcturn.s by which their gamblin;; 
 on the elections was regitlated. 
 
 [N. S7D.] John C. Cruger to Jesse Hoyt.— Charlestown, Nov. 27, ISJi. My Dear 
 Sir— On my arrival here I wrote to my brolhcr-in-law Mr. Pell requesting him to pay you 
 three hundred dollar> l.W for yourself and the same sum for Mr. Wilson. I send this fetter by 
 the steam paclcct as it will probably be in New York as soon as that. When you receh-e the 
 $300, please pay the 150 to Mr. Wilson whose bet is the same as yours. Although the result 
 of this election must be very agreeable to you, I cannot congratulate you, for I trust that }-(ju 
 will look upon it as a ."-ourc'e of regret before manv years. 
 
 'I am truly yours. JOHN C. CRUGER. 
 
 Sneers at th- paor Wii^$ — Bet tip to jJSOOO — Marcy's Election " as svrc as G — d." 
 
 [No. 283.] Attorney General .1. Van Buren to " My Dear Urji," N. Y. Albany, Oct. 
 7, 1834. [TLiej^Joy.]— Mv Dear Hovt— They say " the blood of the martyi's is the seed of the 
 Church, and heaven knows I have been freely Uipped in the ■ ood cau.'^e. THE REM. [n- 
 tnoval] OP THE DiiP. [deposits] cott mea fortune, and novv^ I don't .see but I must lose another 
 hunk of my little earnings. 
 
 My impression is that Stocks will go up till Election, and fall immedi;:toly after. If the poor 
 JViigs coiild carry a Constable somewhere and get up a Jubilee, stocks would rise. New Jer- 
 sey vi"ij gu lor them, and give them a filip — but Penna. will luiock them stiff next week— eo 
 will Ohio— and .h) will N. V. 
 
 If }'ou could get the difference bet on Marcy, I should say "Sell by all means," and any howl 
 don't' know but yuu had better sell. Do exactly as yuu see iit. I shall be down bclbre it tails due 
 probably ; ]neaniime 1 should be most partkuhirlii obliged to you, if you can gel vie an even Lei 
 ai:a )lH M.ii\ y In any auuntnt less than FIVE THOUSAND DOt-LARS. 1 ihink 1 would bet 
 $100 oncach'lOJO majority up to 5000. I would bet 31,500 against i-i 1, 000 un an even election. 
 1 consider Marcy'- election, Ly from 7.500 to 15,000 majority, AS SURE AS GOD. 
 
 You knuw best hjw much the Pattc. -on is worth, and yoii must tlo i.xacily as if it was your 
 own, and I shnil be satisfied. Make me some bels if pa^s^ille. Yours, truly, J. V. B. 
 
 P. S. The Whigs may gather pluck atler .some meetings or some things. 
 
 Wap^cra, helling, speculation — D.slon and Profitinuc — Xcil Livingston. 
 
 [No. 281.] Atloni.\v Gen'l J. Van Buren to J. Tloyt, N. Y. Albany, Oct. 12, 183-t.— 
 My Dear .fessj — I .slijuKl tiiink you right about selling the Patlir.son, if it will not do to 
 Iiol.!. By the l.):,)k^ oi Webb's paper, (/illhoug'i. if is int'inlcd no di.nl! >■' npnric mi Xiio Jer- 
 re?/.) the "opposition gained eonfiaeiiee. Can you tempt them with A WAGER on 3, 4, and 
 5000 Majorities; &'J00 on each or S'SOO oh $1000! If neiih-r of these can be got to- 
 morrow, ekt ihcui if^oOJ on 5000 majority. Tlierc will he no l/itlii': ajl, r lo-momw. Save 
 the order for Bjsi. and Prov. open; the Moh. is all right. We have nominated a .strong 
 ticket, tho' Liviiig.ston (Ned) is the Assembly man, contrary to all expectation. Yours 
 ever truly, J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 ' Don't Ik u/c a.sy,' Jcvst, go ahad ! Bets on Marcy and Lucas of O/iln. 
 
 [No. 282.] Same to .same. Alhany, Oct. 14, 1831. Don't be 'uneasy' Jesse; go 
 lihead. I wnue you by Sunday's boat: but I suppose as there was no mail the letter mis- 
 carriexl. I think slocks will fall lliis week. Sell if 3'ou think best. 
 
 Gni ytw r-fi BETS on liu'.:e, four, and live thousand majority fir I\Ir;;Ly, two hundred dol- 
 lars on each ! ifiMt, 1 will bet live hundred dollars on fuur thousand; perhaps, if we lose 
 New Jeisey, you can get tiiis. 
 
 If you raii't do /ict'rr, J skonld like a ki of three hundred dollars on fir thousand majority fir 
 Marcy, unless we lo.se N. J. ; in that eveiit 1 will wait to got better terms. Yours truly, 
 
 J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 P. S. I WILL BET on five tliousand majority for Lucas In Ohio. 
 
 [No. 2R3. 
 1834.— Mv Di 
 
 Buggies, who 
 on the subject 
 thing looks w( 
 ticket is a strc 
 
 [No. 284. 
 1834.— My D 
 
 ai the shares < 
 son that I hav 
 out of the ' bet 
 right, and eve 
 his big invest! 
 says. Yours 
 P. S. Idol 
 out. 
 
 1 
 
 [No. 285 
 My bear Sir 
 I have been h 
 begin to pity 
 say. I think 
 in Philadelph 
 truly yours, 
 
 [N( 
 '34.- 
 
 FNo. 28G 
 -My 
 Hbn'ble Mr. 
 York before 1 
 '.0 make his s 
 
 Old Le Foi 
 
 [No. -28: 
 mer Grahai 
 Y.— they .sa 
 etiicient adv 
 sent admin i 
 of Customs 
 That luinefl 
 am not acqi 
 U) your amsi 
 great numb 
 truly, 
 
 Le Foy, a 
 ftd tool— an 
 Marcy as G 
 ernor dictal 
 the Custom 
 Samuel S 
 cant tor the 
 MAN, and 
 have no doi 
 New Yoi 
 
 [No. 21 
 1834.— Mv 
 days, at 10 
 and Kimbt 
 inch hign ; 
 day. 
 
JXRRAL OP N. Y. 
 
 \I:.rcy--$50onCon. 
 
 lit thinlc not. It ap. 
 
 II p..rt Oi'his w\ gei-s 
 L'eiji.s to liave begun 
 
 •J ;.ll over. A reve- 
 
 on the fall cleciions 
 linary re.'o-irces, but 
 obablo. Mr, Hoyt's 
 next. John Van 
 H.S had access to the 
 vliicii their g-amblinij 
 
 7, 183-t. My Dear 
 mg him to pax vou 
 I send this letter by 
 Vhcn you recei\*e the 
 Akhougii the resuii 
 lor I trust that 3-00 
 
 IN C. CRUGER. 
 
 fvrc as G — d." 
 N'. Y. Albany, Oct. 
 t3Ts is the seed of the 
 ■• THE REM. fro. 
 lU I must lose another 
 
 oly after. If the poor 
 uuld rise. New Jer- 
 u stiff next week— so 
 
 cans," nnd any howl 
 jwii belbre it ialls due 
 a)i get VIC an even bet 
 ■ iihinic I wouldbet 
 ) un sn even election. 
 
 AS GOD. 
 ctlv as if it was your 
 
 truly, J. V. B. 
 
 HllgslO}l, 
 
 vv, Oi;t. 13, 183-I.— 
 if it will not do to 
 I'prip'c ,1)1 A'fw Jer. 
 IGER on 3, 4, and 
 hese can be got to- 
 (. /• to-morrc.w. Sat'c 
 nominated a strong 
 -■xpcctotion. Yours 
 VA^ I3UREN. 
 
 '" Ohio. 
 
 ' uneasy' Jes.se ; go 
 nail the letter mis- 
 
 'y, two hundred dol- 
 perhap.e, if we lose 
 
 untsatt'l viajority fi>' 
 ■-. Youi-s truly, 
 VAN BUREk 
 
 MORE MOCKTN'O OF THE TRUE DEMOCRACY. 
 
 ^1 
 
 fNo. 2R3.] Senator Tallmadge to JeKse Hoyt, at New York. Po'keepsie, Oct. 14, 
 IKH. — MvDiCAnSiR: 1 received your letter of the llth, and had an interview with Judge 
 Buggies, who holds the Putnam circuit this week. He w,ll Udk wdk the gevtlcvit-ii relierrcd to 
 on the subject mentioned. Stock an iiUeiview will have nunre effect than any thing else. Every 
 thing looks well with us. We bave renominated the " POKEll" for Congress. Our whole 
 ticket is a strong one; we anticipate a greater vote than in 1832. 
 
 Yours truly, N. P. TALLMADGE. 
 
 Patterson Railroad. The Betting Ring. $500 on Marcy. 
 
 [No. 284.] Attorne)^ General John Van Buren to J. Iloyt, N. Y. Albany, Oct. 15, | 
 1834. — Mv Dear Hoyt— You have worked the Patterson Rail Road very well. 1 am shocked j 
 ai the shares only being S50, having become reconciled to at least double the loss. Tell Wil- 1 
 SOD that I have an impression thai he promised to invest S500 or so, lor me, provided 1 kept ( 
 ou'. of the 'betting ring,' so as to encourage the enemy to give him a fuir eliance. If 1 am 
 right, and even if I am not, I count upon his iwl/ilily to spare me SMO even on Marcy, out of 
 
 his big investment. 
 
 -let me know what "W. 
 
 1 shall be in New York the last of the month- 
 says. Yours truly. J. V. B. 
 
 P. S. 1 dont care to bet on 5000 majority for Marcy just now ; if it is not too late to back 
 out. 
 
 Van Biircn pities Ike poor VVAigs — thinks they will change their names. 
 
 [No. 285.] Martin Van Buren to Jesse Hoyt, New York. Kindf.rhook, Oct. 21, 1834.— 
 )ear Sir: I send you with the greatest pleasure the letter you desire for our friend Phelps. 
 I have been here for a few days where the Enemy is using very desperate edicts. 1 almost 
 begin to pity the poor Whigs. Their next cognomen will be Democrats — rememl)er what I 
 say. I think you ought at some of your meetings, to call upon them, as our friends have done 
 in Philadelphia, to give notice by what name they mean to pass next year. In haste, very 
 truly yours, J M. VAN BUREN. 
 
 Van Buren introduces his friend Clay to his friend Iloit. 
 
 iNo. 286.1 Vice President Van Buren to Jesse Hoit, New York. Wasiiinoton, Nov. 
 4. — My Dear Sir: I take much pleasure in making you acquainted with my friend the 
 Hon'ble Mr. Clay of AInhaina [Clement C. of U. S. Senate,] who makes a short visit to New 
 York before the nipeting of Congress. I know it will give you pleasure to do what you caA 
 to make his stay in New York agreeable. I am, dear sir, very truly yours, 
 
 M. VAN BUREN. 
 
 Old Le Fmj, the Anctioncur, nmninales Governor Marcy direct from the N. Y. Cvstam I/ovsc! 
 
 [No. 287.] In a letter signed by Cornelius W. Lawrence, Thomas Ilcrttell, John Lori- 
 mer Graham, ami Geoif,'e D. Strong, addressed to S. Swartwout, dated 8!h Dec. 1834, at N. 
 Y. — they say: " Mr. Le F-y from that time to the present has been an active, zealous, and 
 efficient advocate of (ieiiu.,i;itie pj-ineiples, and hn.'- very materially aided in sustaining the pre- 
 sent adminisiratiot), and v\e believe that no individual who has been selected as an Inspector 
 of Customs has presented siron,n;er personal or poliiical claims to your fhvourablc notice." 
 That honeft and stead ij patriot, Wm. M. Price, thus adds his testimony (Dec. 10, 1834). "I 
 am not acquainted with any individual who presents .stronger personal aiul palilical claims 
 to your amsidenitioii than Mr. Le Foy. His appointment would afford great gratiiication to a 
 great number of your personal and political friends, and confer an especial favor on yours 
 truly, WILLIAM M. PRICE." 
 
 Le Foy, an old auctioneer, waj installed as a Custom FIou.se officer, proved himself a use- 
 flil tool — and, as a pretended representative of New York democracy, T'lniinaled Wm. L. 
 Marcy as Governor, at the Syracuse Convention, Sept. 1830. New York therefore had a gov- 
 ernor dictated by the Custom House — and when Tlu'oop was no longer endurable as a ruler, 
 the Custom House opened iis doors to him. 
 
 Samuel Swaitwout, Esq. — Dear Sir — Mr. George S. Messerveof the llth Ward is an nppli- 
 cant lor the appointment of Inspector of Customs. Mr. M, has been A STHONG PARTY 
 MAN, and is al present an ardent supporter of the General and Stale Adniinistralions, and I 
 have no doubt his appointment would give general satisfaction. 
 
 New York, April 30, 1835. WALTER BOWNE. j 
 
 SeUitig R. R. Stocks and Imying High Heeled Boots. 
 
 [No. 288.] Aitorney Gen. John Van Buren to J. Hoyt, New "V'oi k. Ar.BANV, Dec. 17. 
 1834.— Mv Dkar Jkssk— Please sell me 100 shares Boston ic Providence, deliveiable in CO 
 days, at I07J or lOTj. I shnll be in New York this week. Can you send an ord"r 10 — — 
 and Kimbad, No. 3 Wall st., to make mefmthwith a pair of neat winter Boots with heels an 
 inch high; I want them to wear when I shall come to New York, and that will be 1 v Thurs- 
 day. Yours truly. J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 
 'i- • 
 
,v;-: 
 
 
 •• ■ ■'» 
 
 t .'•. > 
 
 259 nuNTiNO IN courLBS. LonnviNa. clutching the spoils. 
 
 Hoyl's Dtxrskins—JackMn escapes Assassinatinn. 
 
 [No. 9Sn.] Vice President Van Buren to Jesse tI()>T at New York, Washimoton, Deo. 
 31, 1831. — MfDwAR Sir: 1 am obliged by your attention to iny small concerns, and upon men. 
 tijaing the circu:miance in the presence ol the President, he has requested ine to ask you to send 
 hiin also a pair ol'the skins. 1 will pay all. Yours, truly, M. VAN BUREN. 
 
 [No. 290.] Vice President Van Buren to Jesse Hoyt, New York. No date (1834.)— 
 Dear Sir: I f'rgJt to say to you th.il the PresiJent cheerf illy accepted your present of the 
 skins, and to make you my acknowledar Hints Dr your attention. The President is in fine 
 health and spirits. His escape was pjrfjctly uiiracilous. 
 
 Providence lugged in with Providence R. R. samhiing. — M^Kmcn tf- Van Buren* s happiness ts"li 
 
 du a'li/hodi/s dirty work." 
 
 [No. 291.] Albany, Dec. 30, 1831. — Dkaii Jkssk : Enclosed is your note. If the order 
 to Nevins and rowasead lo sell me 103 shares Bosian and Providence at 107} lo | at (ij rliys 
 and Interest should not, pnividciUinUij, have been countermanded in season, 1 take it they have 
 eifjcted the sale : if so, let them close it at the present prices, so that I may recuperate a small 
 portion of my losses. 
 
 Is Leggett wicked or crazy 1 Yours truly, J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 P. S. 1 have formed a partnership in law with Col. McKoun : on'"! of us will attend all the 
 Courts, and we shall be HAPPY TU DO ANYBODY'S ' DlilTY WORK.' J. V. B. 
 
 moi;->!n^. 
 
 Speaker Livingston incites Ex-Commissioncr ILiyl to join thn Lobby. 
 [No. 292.1 Mv Dkar Hd y r : The U. and Schenectady rail-road passed our House this 
 1 liave just inquired of De Graff his opiiiio.i of its fate in the Senate — he is not con- 
 fident i.t'success, but thinks, with a full Senat.:, it may pass. Ax fiis is a matter nf same impor- 
 tanrp to rourself, I would advisr. that yon come vpand lend a kelpiiig hand to those already eutcag- 
 etl ... . c't-r -yi ig it throngh. Yours, C. L. L. 
 
 [No. 293.] Van ^urea's Pet Pinancivr, Colleckrr and Sto'kjobber, at fault. 
 
 Twc Notes— .fohn Warren, Broker, Wall street, (u Jesse Floyt. " New York, Dec. 27, 1834, 
 — Dear Hayt: You will tind by the enclosed account, made up to 21st inst., a balance due us 
 .ji ;$J997.2I cts. Will you do us the favor to have it .settled ]"—" New York, Jan'y 12,1835. 
 — Sir: Not having received the balance due our late firm, I feel myself bound by the regula- 
 tions of our Board to hand in your name unless .settled by lOj o'clock, to-morrow." ' 
 
 [Thus stood the successor of Swartwout in lS3o. la a i'w months thereafter, through Van 
 Buren's inlluance, he, his friend Butler, and their comrade W. 8. Coe, W(>re the board of Com- 
 missioners to examine into and .settle all claims relative to duties, arising out of the great fire 
 in New York ! ! !] 
 
 The Madness of the Merchants and Auctioneers — th^. Victim.^ of the Panic — To the Victors belom 
 
 the Spoils ! 
 
 [No. 291.] Gov'r. Marcy to Jesse Hoyt, N. Y. Albany, 2f;th Jan'y, 1835. Privolc- 
 My Dear Sir — I received your letter this morning on the subject ol' L. M. M. It is proper thjt 
 Mr. M. and all other olF-ce h;)l.iers in N. Y. whose li'elings or wh;>se conduct has gone wiih 
 the Wigs should be tV.ily ap ..ised of my situation in relation to liieir ap[iointments, and thiii 
 they should be made sensib'e that they have conlribulod to briai,' alittiu a state of thing-; which 
 prevent me from doing towards them as I havr ihw heretoibrenn 1 should untler other ciicu.'u- 
 stanc.'s do now. The principal auctioneers [)arto >!; ofilu' m:uliiess '.WiiX iat'ntuatioti which last 
 year seized the great m;iss of the Merchants — they aided in giving success ti our opponents in 
 the Coinmin Council — they countenanced and sum- practised ihe pro^-Miptivc policy of thai 
 bjly— t'.iriieJ away th'Mr clerics, (nr!neii,&.c. — uiih'ld ihe course pursued bvthe Fr/i,-- paper.'— 
 uiiJ cheered on the ('ommou Coum.'il in .s-?w/^/i(/m' /kw/rrZ-.s- of all our p!>lilical friends. The 
 very mm who have been pros-.rik-/ in N, Y,, with the expressed or implied approbation of 
 these who wish reappdintments, now surround me \n grcot nnmbrrs, d^k'm'x Uf places an.' 
 com missions of the /jro^^'-rihrrs. What shall I sa\ — what ought 1 say tti these applicants! 
 Shall I send thi'.se victims of proscription, and vi'iims of the panir, home, empty handea, tu 
 beg employment of tbo.se who have deprived them of it, and givi- commissions to those who 
 are the authors or evei> the silent approvers of the course pursii.d by the (Joiumon Council 
 and Ihe panic makers? If I had hut one liour of olRcial lile lo live I should consider it iiu 
 .solemn duty to employ it diligently in protecting my jiolilical fri'-nds t'roin persecution. Mv 
 friends in N. Y. ought to look at both sides of this question before they advise a course of 
 liberality which wouhl be injustice to friends, and, as past experience shows, returned with inf 
 graUiu4e. Yours, (Sic., W. L. MAKCY. 
 
E SPOILS. 
 
 \VARHi?fOTov, Dec. 
 cenis, and upon men- 
 ne to ask you to send 
 1. VAN BUIIEN. 
 
 No date (1834.)- 
 your present of the 
 President is in fine 
 
 furen's happiness u " l^ 
 
 our note. If the order 
 it I07i w I ^i '''J '^\vs 
 on, I take it they have 
 ay recuperate a small 
 
 J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 us will attend all the 
 )IUC.' J. V. B. 
 
 hi: Lobby. 
 
 1 passed our House this 
 Senate — lie isnotcou- 
 i laallcr of same irii]mr- 
 
 I to t/K)X tdieaihj enaag- 
 Yours, C. L.L. 
 
 , at fault. 
 
 ewYork, Dec. 27, 1834, 
 inst., a balance due us 
 w York, .'an'y 13, 1H35, 
 If bi)uud by ihe regula- 
 -morrow." 
 
 thercafler, through Van 
 wi^ro the board of Com- 
 ing out of the great firi; 
 
 : — To the Victors bcbuf; 
 
 lan'y, 1835. Privolc- 
 M. M. It is proper thji 
 contluct has gone wiiii 
 
 apiiointnients, and thiil 
 t ;i state of things which 
 uld under other circum- 
 id iufaiuatioii which las! 
 :(u\ss t-i our opponents in 
 I'^'-riptivc policy of ihai 
 led hvtlie Wii^ papeif— 
 
 polilical Iriends. 'I'he 
 
 • iiniilied approbation of 
 , asking' tii<' places aiv 
 ay (ii these applicants! 
 hoiiK', empty riandea, to 
 iinniissions to those who 
 
 • the Common Council 
 ' I should consider it my 
 tVom persecution. Mv 
 hey advise a course of 
 shows, relurnal with, in- 
 
 W. L. MAHOY. 
 
 AARON BURR NOMINATES ANDREW JACKSON. 
 
 250 
 
 Silas Wiighl appoint a very suitable Laie- Agent. 
 
 [No. 29.5.] Governor Silas Wright to Lorenzo Ho}t, Lawyer, Albany. Cantom, 1 1 April 
 1835.— My Dear Sir: I b<!lieve 1 some time since appointed you MY LAW AGliNT ir 
 
 in 
 
 Albany. I cannot say now that 1 shall have anything for an agent to do, as 1 have little 
 expectation of doing any thing as an Auorney while my annual absences are so long. I wish 
 you, however, to present the enclosed pa[)ers to one of the Justices of the Supreme Court, and 
 get an order allow ing to the clerk therein named the time shown to have been employed in 
 classical studies, and then that you would file the papers, and send me copy of the order. I 
 am, very truly, &c. SILAS WRIGHT, Jr. 
 
 Andreie Jackson's first nomiiuilion as President, by Ms Old Associate, Aaron Burr. 
 
 [No. 20(j.l From the Memoirs of Aaron Burr, vol. 2, page 433. Extract Irom Burr's 
 letter to Joseph Alston, governor of South Carolina: 
 
 New York, November 20, I8l5. 
 'A congressional caucus will, in the course of the ensuing month, nominate James Monroe 
 for President of the United States, and will call on all good repn/dicans lo support the nomina- 
 tion. Whether we consider the measure itself, the characler and talents oj the vian, or the 
 slate whence he comes, this iwviinalioii is cifually cxceplumuJjle and odious. 1 have often heard 
 your opinion of these crwtg7-t5ji(o?i.rtZ nominations. They are hostile to all freedom and inde- 
 pendence of suffraje. A certain junto of actual and factitious Virginians, having had posses- 
 sion of the government for twenty-four years, consider the United States as their property, 
 and, by bawling 'support Ike Admin 1st ration,' have too long succeeded in doping the Rkpubli- 
 e,\N Public. * * The moment is extremely auspicious tor breaking down this degrading 
 system. The best citizens of our country acknowledge the fceljicncss of our Adniinistralitm. 
 They acknowledge that otHees are bestowed merdij to preserve power and withmd tlue small st 
 regard to fitness. If, then, there be a man in the United States of firmness and decision, and 
 having standing enough to afl'ord even a hope of success, it is your duty to hold him up to the 
 public view: </i«< 7ttrm « Andrew Jackso.n. Nothing is wanting but a respectable nomina- 
 tion, made before the proclainatiun of the Virginia caucus, and Jackson's success is inevitable. 
 If this project should accord with your views, I could wish to see ymi prominent in the execu- 
 tion of it. It must be known to be your work. Wliether a formal and open nomination should 
 now be made, or whether you should, tor the present, content yourself with barely deno^incing, 
 by a joint resolution of both houses of your legislature, congressional raucuscs and nominations, 
 you only can judge. One consideration inclines me to hesitate abov.t the policy of a present 
 ■nomination — it is this : that Jackson o\x^\\\. first to be admonished to be passive; for, tlie moment 
 he shall he announced as a candidate, lie will be assailed by the Virginia junto, with menaces 
 and with iiufidioits promises oHioons and favors. Tiikuk is danokr that Jackson might bk 
 WROUGHT UPON BY sL'cii PRACTicKs. If an Open nomination be made, an exprc.is should lie itu- 
 starUly sent to him,' &c. AARON BURR. 
 
 Young Dlennerhmsett hasl^ens from Montreal to ask an office from S. Swartwout, his father's col- 
 
 kague in Ike Burr Movement. 
 
 [No. 297.] Harman Blennerha.ssett, to Collector Swartwour. IN'fw York, April 15, 
 1829. — Dear Sir: I respectfully take this liberty to remind you that I am a candidate lor an 
 appointment to any situation in the Custom Hou.se which your goodness and circumstances 
 will allow you to olfer me. As reference to my character or abilities, 1 l^eg to mention the iol- 
 lowing gentlemen from whom I can submit a written recommendation, .should that be neces- 
 sary, and will otli'r any I'urther testimonials you rc(|uiie. 
 
 Robert Emmett, T. A. Kmmot, Jr., David Codwise, William II. Harrison, William H. 
 Maxwell, C^adwallad'T D. Coldcn, counsellors at l;iw; Doctor M'Neven, Bni;klway ; Doctor 
 Ludlow, Hudson .street; R. M'Evcrs, Walter Odie, John Griswold, merchants; Gerard Beek- 
 raan, Bleecker street; Robert Stewart, Benjamin Romaine, Hudson street, gentlemen. 
 
 I was born on my father's island in the ()hio, and have spent the principal pait of my life in 
 the United States, with the exception of a few years that I lived in Canaila, where I completed 
 my education; AND CHERISHING THE HIGHEST SENSE OF YOUR FRIEND- 
 SHIP FOR MYSELF AND FAMILY, and with the ardent hope that you may find some 
 post in your department in which I can be useful, I have the honour, &c. 
 
 HAUMAN BLENNERHASSETT. 
 
 TV old, Bvrritc aid-de-camp in direct correspondence with the chief manufacturer of revolt in 
 
 Texas. 
 
 [No. 298.1 Collector Swartwout to General Samuel Houston, Texas. New York, 18 
 May, 1835. — My dear General, I am most happy to make you acquainted with tlie bearer. 
 Mr. Fortune, ray very good and highly esteemed friend Mr. ij'ortune has business on hana 
 of some importance in respect to the Felasola grant in you' country. Givn him all the aid 
 
 I 
 
 '^i\ 
 
I''. 
 
 Li' 
 
 SCO 
 
 SWAltTV/OVT, HOUSTON, NRVILLE AVD TRXAS. 
 
 .'*vr 
 
 :. ff.r ■ : .. 
 
 
 it ^ 
 
 ■' ^ i'. 
 
 r ,-..v 
 
 tune 
 the whale 
 
 can in his honorable and praiseworthy efforts to settle yonr lialiorhtful Teras. Mr. For- 
 is iniimaiely aco'iinted with the details of the Cartiajal purchase'. He w . ^ wiuics.-to 
 «c whale transaction, and will give you all the particulars. UniJe wil/i Mm .'' _« n^- luj 
 jpaiU, dTiii, as in duty bL>iind, 1 will ever pray. I remain yours, my djar g.-n iral, 
 
 S. SV/ARfWCUT 
 
 [No. '298.«1 Major Morgan Neville, to Collector Swartwout, N. Y. Cimcinv- ^i. jnn, 
 15, 1830. My Dsar Swartwout: ♦ ♦ * I thank you for (h:' pif'dgt' you gi.c ine, of ir,i-i-. 
 e&ting yoursjir lor ine at Wasliiiigtori, * * ♦ My will', who is a niixe oi' Capt. Heth of 
 Richmond, one of Burr's secuiilies, ♦ ♦ * I woul.l havi; gone to Mj.vico, but not as 
 Charge; 1 know I am bi-tter quaiilied for the stitioii ilian any man ol' our party in the west. 
 * * ♦ I would prefer going to Texas, if that province be ceded. Under the administra- 
 tion of Jackson I can accept of no minor oiiice — i know too well my own claims and my own 
 standing. At thj time Clay's feelings w,n-j the most bitter against m.', a Senator high in his 
 confidence pressed me to accept the t."ljari;v?-sliip lo S'veilcn at Somervill ''s death. (Ji course 
 I declined. There is something preposterous in the oiler oi' a siniihu' oiiice under an aitrain- 
 isi rati on, for the succe.ss of which I have done as much, '/< te/.</, as any mm ia Ohio. A 
 Caucus is now holding at Columbis, An odicious devil of the nam? ol' W.itson is getting 
 recommendations from every source he can. * ♦ ♦ Since the election, abstract Jackson- 
 ism (the true spirit of reform^ has not been sufficiently cherished in our state; taction and im- 
 pudence have pushed themselves into office. Tho.se among us whom public opinion placed 
 in the front rank of the party, have not been consulteii.and the .state of Ohi(j has been degraded 
 to make room for the glorification of Kentucky. ♦ ♦ * 1 luivc been, loLd Ikoi THE OLD 
 BURR BUSINESS has been used aatunsl' vie Believe me, as in boyhood, sincerely vour 
 friend, MOHQAN NEVILLE. 
 
 SioaHwnid pai/s court to Jackson hii mrrii'in: out Vaii, IJkixh's rli'ws — so far. 
 [290.] Sainucl'Swartwout to Col. Frost Thome, Nacog loelios, Texas. ' New York, 
 18 May, 1835. — .\Iy Dear Colonel: I take the greatest jjleasuie in making you acquainted 
 with my friend Afr. Pitrtiinc, who eoes to Trxas, in company wit'i Mr. Uossie, and young Mr. 
 Zavala* on business for a Companij in whkJi I have an inttrrst. Both these gentlemen a:e en- 
 titled to your perfect confidence and respect; and I shall esteem it a great favor if yon will 
 re<-eive them alias my confidential friends. Mr. Fortune was n witness totheCuaboja' alihir, 
 and will give you such information as will ctiable vou to press the justice (f my claims. \ Aish 
 you to insist upon the precise tract surveyed by Newton an I Stro le, as 1 consider that a "^ alua- 
 ble tract. Do aU you can for me, and oblige Yours, most truly, SAMUEL SWAilTWOUT 
 
 A qu£cr and enrious Epistle, eonsidcrin-; its dal/i. 
 [No. 3;i0.] Collector Swartwout to C\)llectnr Breedlove, New Orleans. 
 (Private.) Nkw York, G Nov. 18.1'). — Dear Sir: This letter will be hnmied to you b\ 
 James Morgin, Escj., who is on his way to vJai/esion Hay, Texe.s. Mr Morgan is deeply 
 interested in the cargoes of two vessels which have lately sailed from this port ("or Galvcstori, 
 wi'h large and valuable cargoes on hoard. These vc-^els have been ordered o rendezvous at 
 the southwest p:i:-.s ot'tlie Mississippi, and there wall i'ur convoy. 'I'iie war between Mexico 
 an t Texas renders the passage from the Mississippi to (Jalveston a. very ha?.arcU)us one. iMr. 
 Morgan is therefore desirous of procuring tLie nrotci-tion of the V. S. Revenue Cutter as far 
 as the mouth of Galveston Bay. As his vessel- i.l. ■ "» contrahand iiooi's on board, I have 
 thought it possible that you might b ■ ai>le to grair hj;o tlds favor. Should it be in your power 
 to do so, you will render the parlies concerned a ;:,..■. l acceptable service, and personally 
 oblige ~ 
 
 SAMUEL SWAilTWOUT. 
 
 Swurtwoiifs interests vcnj large in Te.ros — yculnditii I'raclised. 
 
 [No. 301 .1 Collector Swartwout, New Yoric, to Col. Frost Tliorn, Nacogdoches, Texas. 
 Nf.w York, November II, 183."). — Dear Sir: Gcnenil John T. ."Mason has been requested, by 
 me, to deposit with you a certificate or grant of i;i,f,vk\ t.R.\oi,i:s up land iv tkxas, which I 
 \)Uicha.sea from him, and which he has kindly agreed to iiruMire to be recorded at Nacogdo- 
 ches, and get the commissioner to name a surveyor for. 1 have al.so given James Morgan a 
 letter or order to receive the same, which order I will thanl: you to honor on presentation, as 
 Mr. Morgan is to hwate the same for me, and is a citizen of Texas. t 
 
 * VV'is tliis the Him of Ziviiln ivho h.id so stciullly suiiporiril Poliis ill, wtion in trouble in Mt^xico, and 
 whiiiii SiinlJilinK filially siilnlinhl 1 Ve». Ilo whs ii liinil cdnlr iclor. 
 
 1 TIlii niiic^ WHS rrimiMl In tli- Mvck of Il'iyi nnd Buller, « I li iln' wonts Jolin Y. (or Jiji'i T. Miinon. .tkI so I 
 rend Mr. Swiirtwiin:'s niinn i'il|)t, llavin;! lii'rn siiici' :iss itfil Ih it it \v:i- Mr. M isi ii t r I'iiIut ol' ii (Jovoriiiir 
 of Mi' ii g-in. ■•••■\ n'll Mr. Mis'in Oii! I'nhiiii't iiiiMi^ior ilnil fiPiMuliicrl i i T \ is lind.j, I oiler llils i xpliiiri Ion of 
 tlie 'ilii riiiloii >\-,w III iile. Cm Mr. Swanwout allfimie Ins TrViis liiid- ! Ilii-' ln' doiid hi? \f tiU'V av.iilalilc 
 for lit« d 'fiilc'illotn <ir IS piiyiiient in sucli raet-s not cxiii'iled ? VVny did (;■ iw at Jui K:.(im allow nr nicoii aiie 
 liin r.l'ielreve 111" ortiwr lo ml<! li re ii llr' inie iial cone rns of T mis, r hi-g nttUr--. iiDil sp rniiile in landn llierel 
 Wilt iiil« ninitr.iii'y towiirds Mexico 1 Oruiinly not .ftHr tiie iinsdii Oiifliion. VVlio gut ue f^lOUUO wliidl 
 *>«i>wiwoiit repurttiil to Wouduury •> Mag in tiie U. 8. Bank tu meut cuntingeociet 1 
 
 [No. 30; 
 
 I received a t 
 I V'X there wa; 
 
 ..■:, although 
 ^t — Genera 
 
 ■urposc of la 
 
 ' about which 
 
 I note due 'i8th 
 
 you can to su 
 
 I paid (or our 
 
 into your coi 
 
 ing, and than 
 
 1 .1 t let your i 
 
 j and it will g[\ 
 
 ihem decree il 
 
 :he value of t 
 
 2nd in Europi 
 
 :acter to your 
 
 I weight. The 
 
 worth, that is 
 
 I all about that 
 
 Wctmore and 
 
 [No. 3on. 
 .S'ew York, 
 pressure of bi 
 your letter. ' 
 with in conse 
 visit your boa 
 iefend them. 
 brief and mod 
 of reason — avl 
 HJl forth somq 
 Board; such 
 abroad BY 
 LOCAL ST( 
 pi&scucc here 
 i)ay. Much 
 mend the ear| 
 !!iree, AND 
 mcli a dcputaX 
 fwm the bvsi 
 treme haste, il 
 It will afl'oj 
 associations. 
 
 Patriot Ciiltij 
 
 [No. 30}l 
 Aug. 23, 183tf 
 city to depoJ 
 rangcinent of 
 clio'jse: thisf 
 money on ycl 
 monpy, Thif 
 will p'ay 7 
 yutt agree (o 
 Vie a stipnlatl 
 
 *J'>!iiiT, M:l 
 MIclip n Hl{ 
 pleti i-icd il iiJ 
 il tills Liiioii, i| 
 ■uwr, ,r d (li r 
 : C''jiuiiii.icjuii(.i| 
 
TEXAV ESTATES, BEEItS, VAN SUttFV AND WETMORE. 
 
 261 
 
 T:;yas. Mr. For- 
 le '.v - " wimi'ssto 
 klht !' ^f-t »-<■ ii>j 
 •n 'ral, 
 
 Cl^fclN^' "1. jsn, 
 
 gi.c iJie, of ini.:;-. 
 
 of Capl. Heth of 
 
 Vl.'xicu, but njl as 
 
 paiiy in ihe west. 
 
 ler the administra- 
 
 claims and my owa 
 
 Sonaim- high in his 
 
 i cli'aih. Oi' course 
 
 ■ mid ;r an admin- 
 
 in m iu Ohio. A 
 
 W.iison is getting 
 
 I, abstract Jackson- 
 
 tL-; taction and im- 
 
 [ihlic opinion placed 
 
 ii(j has bjcn degraded 
 
 old tkal THE OLD 
 
 i;)i,d, sini'.ereiv vour 
 
 a AN xXEVILLE. 
 
 aoa — so far. 
 Texas. New Yokk, 
 ing yon acquainted 
 ossio, and young Mr. 
 ese gentlemen ;ire cn- 
 rcaf I'avor if yon will 
 toilieCiiaboja' atihir, 
 i,f my dainu. I .'isli 
 consider that a vnlua- 
 L'^L SWAilTWOUT 
 
 rleaus. 
 
 hn Imniied to you h\ 
 Mr Morgan is deeply 
 his pcirt I'or Gal'/csitoti, 
 ■dered u rendezvous at 
 .! war between Mdxico 
 V hazardous one. Mr. 
 [levcnue Cutter as far 
 tv/w/Av on board, I have 
 uld it he in your power 
 ervic- , and personallv 
 L SWARTWOUT. ' 
 
 aclhcd. 
 
 ^ , Nacogdoches, Texas. 
 lias been requested, by 
 [.AND IN TK.XAs, which I 
 :> recorded at Nacogdo- 
 ;iven James Morgan a 
 nor on picsenlation, as 
 
 II trouble In Mt^icico, and 
 
 I'lir J'lin T. Miiivii) and go I 
 II !''(• fiiliiT (if ;i (JinTnior 
 , I (iH'cr tliis r.>|)liiii I itin lit 
 ;)nu Hdl Ar" tlli/V ^iV.liliililc 
 I' li;.(iri iilliuv i>x t'MCdii use 
 iiil s|i culiile 111 lanil!- llii'rel 
 
 lio gat u.e ^am wliwii 
 
 [No. 302.J i'!if HiiTip 10 die Same. New Yohk, 11 February, 1836.— Mv Dear Sir: 
 ! received a draft f> .i-. \.i' yesterday lor lOOOdoUarsatCOdays, which was prumptly nccepip,d, 
 Y-x there was ; . . j.Ui- of advice accompanying ii, Tliis 1 regret, as 1 do not kn;-iw what it is 
 ,:, although I presume it is for the Texan cau.'^e. If so, please to inlbnii me by the ref^iru 
 ; ;'t — General Mason leaves this fur Nacogioches to-inonow morning, lie gojs on for the 
 ■urp'jsc of locating his grants, 1 have re(iuested hii-i tr) .speak to y u i '..ovu Carahali's business, 
 about wliich I will thank you to write me; I h;i.( paid your ihittl dra.'t, or rather my third 
 note due '28th January. My interests are now very large" in Texas, and 1 pray you to do all 
 you can to sustain Mason.* You muft not forget that uc wdso liave hitheruj pureh;ised and 
 paid (m our lands were in a great degree the cause of your getting so many gallant men 
 into your country. I received a newspaper of vour place of the i.M Jnnuarv," this morn- 
 ing, and thank you for it. We all feel that Texas"is )iow Jnilpcudail. L!ii>, iny dear Hir, do 
 ,1 t let your new government run into extravagance^, let them confirm r.ll tl;e Ir.iid grants, 
 and it will give coiiiidence to those who may become purchasers, or lesiden's hcretUter. Lei; 
 idem decree that holders in the states .shall have their rights pre.-ervwi, and they will increase 
 ihe value of their intldic domain. Let them al.so aulliorize J'oi'cigners or peopie in the states 
 and in Europe, to hold real estate as if they were on the soil. Nothing would so far give cha- 
 racter to your country. As you are an old and respected citizen, your advice ought to have 
 weight. Therefore speak. Do, my dear friend, let me hear from you what is my Atogue iww 
 worth, that is wlieii you shall have made and maintained your' independence i Write me 
 all about that and other matters. Believe me very sincerelv vours, 
 
 ■ SAMUEL SWART WOUT. 
 
 Wcfvioic and th". Board of Brokers. Joseph D. Beers the dlshit'.n'sh:i! (.') retired FivMncicr, 
 
 [No. son.] General Prosper M. Wetmore to Henry G. Ktebbins, Esq., Wall street, 
 .Vew York. Assembly Clirimbcr, Albany, February 6, iSoti. My Dear Sir: An unusual 
 pressure of bu."-iness, resulting from my recent absence, has previ^nicd an earlier replv tc 
 your letter. Two of the requests contained in your first loiter cannot well be com j lied 
 with in consequence of my distance from the city. I .should have been most happy to 
 visit your board, and to possess my.self of such facts as would rnal.de me succes.sfully to 
 Jufend them. As to ihe toriu of tlic memorial, it ;s usually the better course to make it 
 brief and moderate in tone. Show no warmth of feeliiig--seek to coiuince by the force 
 of reason — avoid irritation. This is the be>t advice 1 can give you. It might be well to 
 set forth some prominent tacts connected with the positive good done by the Exchange 
 Board; such as tlie aiiraciion of Capital to our city, tie coiifideneu triven to Capitalists 
 abroad BY THE PERMANENT AND STABLE CHAJtACTER GiVEX TO OUR 
 LOCAL STOCKS result/ us; from your da' Uj quotations, ii^'i. 1 wotild certainly advise the 
 presence hereof some discreet, intelligeiU and resjicetahle meiidxr of the beard, at an early 
 Jay. Much benelit will en^ue from compliance with this suggestion. 1 would turtiier itcom- 
 mcnd the earlv tiansmission of your mi'inorial. Could you not send up a Coii) aittee of 
 :liree, AND LET J. D. BEERS BE ONE.' / ■iia.ne hhn as one likely to ^ive leeiwht to 
 mcfi a dcputal'on, as well from his general standing, as from the fetct thul he has REHIRED 
 fi-nm the bvsines:!, uiid m-nj therefore elaim tu be disntUrcstcd ui his ejjbrts. I write in ex- 
 treme haste, in the midst of the most urgent engagements. 
 
 It will aflbrd me [ileasure to render you any service in my p.ower, consistent with other 
 absociations. With respect and regard, 1 am very trtily yours, 
 
 PROSPER M. WETMORE. 
 
 Patnot Cultinu; joins Jiss'', and John V. B., in specvlatini^ on' of the Depcsites — Van Bvrof, 
 
 puts in for double prefts. 
 
 [No. 304.] Attorney General John Van Buren to Jesse lioyt, Nev/ York. Aldast, 
 Aug. 23, I83t;. Mv Di;ah"Jks.se: On inquiry I find that 1 can gel one of the Banks in tl; ii 
 city to deposit, subject to tlieir own order, sue'i sum as may be requisite to make the ar- 
 rangement of wliicli we spoke, in any Bank in yew York (say the Fiiltun), that you may 
 cho'jsc: this will answer the purpose provided you can get the tlvAiU .selected to loan yuu the 
 money on your note. All our Banks are nearly up to their limit, ;iiid I cannot borrow the 
 munp'y. The Bank here will charge the Bank there G per i.'ini. int. vu the Dcpo:-.ii, and you 
 will pay 7 probably. If ibis meets your views you will jilease advise iue by return nuiil. If 
 ymt au'ree to i(iv iin: hill't'/i' prifits of the eiileriiri lc for iiitJ:inLi tiiis iinan'.j' nient, p 'se ,'ciid 
 Vie (I stipidatiun to t'tat e[l< t, signed Ijii 'jourselfand Cutting, leiu n tjou irnlc. 
 
 *J'iliiiT. Mif-on. n' nii ciirlv iijc, liifi Virginia for K' nt-.ic'iy -nr.il, iimiiy \v{\". ^irici', h'liiovcil rrniii tl)riiL(> to 
 : VIcli F n Hi- son. J iiinT . liociinie si cr'I iry (ililic t rnio v iil' iVIii'lii';;iii ; "i:ril w lirn it li' cmhk,; iii-Citi' tfic \V(>- 
 
 pletl I'U'fi li III llicir tovcrniir, 11 • " ii-< liiml <ii spi'iMiili' i; in In ils, imim vi r.\ do iniii' lu ^ee C'im;i(l:i iiiiiirxad 
 . n iliin Liiinii, iiiiiri it'll H (I iiiiiil' r m Tliiuldt'iis I'lioliis, nl A'ew Vmk, in wliii:li cilv h" e im nerd liLsii ''sn uh a 
 
 ■nvyrr, ir rl ui d s vprij ytiir- :i:'.i). (lis lailicrmud'j ^^i^•l.■^ll vi^ll-^ toTf.\us, iiinl t'lesiduil Tyler appolntLil Uim 
 
 : coniiiiijtli,'n!.i under boiiu' Icdinci irttjiy- 
 
 if 
 
 %. 
 
 
A 
 
 i':' 
 
 262 VAN BL'UEN BKGS JESSE TO ilfl.P HIM UP gt^FOR GOU S SAKE 
 
 ! f 
 
 L4M 
 
 Your note niiglu be made payable on (ieniaiul, with an understanding tliat you ihould pay i. 
 the N. Y. Bank for tlic Deposit, uf/iich mil nnt he till (cc scr fit. 
 
 Yours truly, J. VAN BUREN. 
 
 ■U'hen cur Bank calls on 
 
 I ; 
 
 il^•'■:^,i:;-^;, 
 
 ^«ji' '■••■..■■■■ >.-. 
 • •']:iM.--;> •• ,• 
 
 ■r'-i-vHlv- 
 
 
 T' . ! .1 
 
 
 ■£.:;.. ^ 
 
 ?•■ i 
 
 ' Bds on 15 ptrfuilii si.-fi.' — ' For God's sake' secure vie the Presidency, said Martin Van Bnrcn! 
 
 [Xo. 30j.] Aitorucy General J. Van Huron to Ex-Comniissioncr Iloyt. 
 Albany, Nov. 11, 1S3(>. — My Dkak Hoyt: 1 11 do the justice to say (and to does my fa- 
 
 fhcr), thai you have >Aood the d d lies iVorn Pennsylvania better than most of our friends 
 
 iu >. Y. I hope the iViglit from this (iiciates the letters to us, raying that all of our tickets 
 besides Ilcgisicr [I think that's the wordj, are in danger. 1 don't believe we sliall lose one. In 
 this State our majority will range from 15 to 25,000. Bcli on 15 arc pcrfotlij safe. 
 
 For G — d's saki" let our friends turn all liieir attention to New icKcy, and net be cati^ht 
 napping there, as in Conncclicu;. Mn fathir icishcs mc to say so lo you. 
 
 Yours trulv, J. VAN BUREX. 
 
 ..1 pair of Clnr.ihtrs Lr'Mii:; o,i E'L:('un:-—lkc Pt-i'-lci- .Mtt^ — C"r>"Vvs pW in Chnticcrij. 
 
 [No 30i),] Colleefiji' Iloyt (o Collector Lawrence, [not sent.] Nhw Youk, Nov. 2l, 
 183'). Dear &ir: A> tlie c\ei(eii)eni oftlie ('leeiioii 1k!> in n great de.'jree passed away, it b 
 (wper li;at 1 should [uiy aiieiiiion t" iho.se iiieideiits in which J utii concerned, coniiccic-l wiih 
 it ; though pt. ii;jps i ought to apoiLgix^e to you ii)r not havi'ig done tiii?> sooner. You will re- 
 CL'Ucct that wiu.i [ was n;['ioachei[ ov you for ii.aving voted a '• split ticket,' that I proposed lo 
 t.:i yffu- i^lOO, l/uil ]i'jn mid w/wl ;r«s pcncraUii callvi! '•^■it■ Pnr/cr Mm;; Tickri" and that 1 
 would take iipoo myself the builheii of proof li) establish the I'act. Yuur rejiy was that yuu 
 '■ would lake the b;':t, if 1 look u[Km my.-:elf the burlhea of proo!', lor you had never told any unt.' 
 )n)W yoa had voledf i ;ir.~\veri,'d iha't ii should becoasi lered a bet. There :"'e various way- 
 recogni?:ed in legal proeeeniiigs of making proof and coiupetent proof too in i-i.tirts of law, aiifi 
 lorums o:' conscience, and \vlii<;!i perhaps did not occur to you when you observed j'ou "had 
 never told any one now \ou had \'oted." Alter such a remark, the right more peculiarly be- 
 k.ngcd to me to select my own ti-ihr,nal, through which I would make the pr.iof, 1 volunteered 
 U) hiake. 'fh.it tribunal is ii eoiirt of 10(]uity, or iu other words a court of conscience. In 
 England, i!ie eoiiiury fr;;m wliieii we have derived mostofour legal forms, eertnin high digni- 
 taries answer bills in Eijuity upnn h,)nor and woi upon oath. I am perleetly willing to place 
 vou on the samj foo'iiig, aul 1 tlieret'oie desire you to consider this my bill in fkjuity, 
 charging tlia: ywu voted ihc tii;ket referred to, I ask you tn answer the eha''ge, and whatever 
 the answer may be I shall be perie.-tly satisfied with. " I enclose you my checdc li'.ir the $100,lo 
 your order, which you will Ur-e, if under the circumstances you are etitilled to, and if not 
 yen will plea-^e to reiurn if, wiJi yonr own for an equal amount. 
 
 With i^icat respect, your oljcdient serv't. 
 
 J. HOYT. 
 
 Mr. Vi'n. Uvjvn, having secured the Presidency, orders tlit Plaindeahr. 
 
 [No. 307. j President V;i;i Bureu to Jesse Hoyt, N. Y. Dear Sir — Please to ask Mt. 
 
 heg'.i^ctt to seiul mo his jiapci'. Please also ask the editors of the Evening Post lo send their 
 jiape.- here, it now goes t.i AiK'my. Yours truly, M. VAN BUREN. 
 
 [The abnc A\a,s written tn i sheet of gilt post, from Washington, Dec., 183G.] 
 
 Pkmark.i, 
 
 -Ml'. Leggclt was able and ilone^l: I.'IM aithongh Iu; censured Van Rnien severely for his 
 tycophanlic cund -et lo the south in his inaugncal about slavery at Washington, Van Biiren 
 and i;iit;f'r persuaded him that ihey were sincere in their eifoils t.i divoiee bank and state. I 
 tliink it was to get him out of the way, as m;ich as lo please his numerous friends, that Vaii 
 Biren appointed hir.^ to a commercial mission in one ol' the Snuih American states. Leggor. 
 (lied soon after, en Long Island, in his ;{:)ih year. Vanderpoel proved houself a bitter oppo- 
 nent of the right of the sovereign people <o petition their hiicd s<Mvani:'. in Congiess again^'. 
 silaveiy. V. .deipu^l eame info the As.-emlily of New York a Clintoiiian — his family wiM'' 
 <.'[>posc(I i'l !'.c war f ' i.-'l'J— one of Van Biiren's sons married his niece. He was (i^r Van 
 Buren in Conrr e.s, :\nd ts now n city judge in New York. When he ascended the supcrier 
 court l)ti.:h, a sr: of Cinton was clerk, llim he caused to be iemt)vcd immediately, ainl 
 gave the situation to his irothei-in-law, Oakley, fiwing io the sojiorous style of )iis elu- 
 queirce, he was na:ie J v. o.-e in Gongiess, "the Kinderhook roarer.'' 
 
 Auro:i t'-e Jvlgc no prophet — Jackson, the Usurers, and tbi Treasury Circular. 
 
 [No, 308.] Jiui^e Aaron Vanderpoel to Ji-^^se Hoyt, N. V. Wabhinuton, Tuesday, fith 
 Dec., IJ^' io. my d( ir Sir — 'V'ouis came to hand day before yesterday, and hail I been more 
 of a " '//jimi Easier, so that i could h^,vu,tf«tfi-."vZ what course the opposition would take, 1 
 ■woiJ'd have an.svvercJ it more promptly ; b'' all here among lk is doubt and uncertainty a.< 
 to tl-ie tack cxi adversaries ar*^ now <ouig \ip:n. 
 
 They all i 
 order " will 
 to be indicai 
 the power oi 
 iocument. ' 
 buted to the 
 the mischiev 
 the last eigh 
 He never goe 
 letter. We 
 ments of the 
 subscribe m' 
 
 [No. 309.] 
 I3th Dec'r, 1 
 tboJgh it is 1 
 speech about 
 decided. W 
 
 A Democrat.it 
 Public Mo 
 be pairiotf 
 
 [No. 310.] 
 
 1836. My d 
 part of the fi 
 tiers : should 
 keeping the 
 Jackson] woi 
 parties, so fai 
 branch of tra 
 changes in P 
 only as it rej 
 •hat some sp 
 to the trading 
 Mr. Van Bi 
 informed, ho 
 turned that \ 
 (lent, to get 
 i-cnjecture U 
 
 [No. 311. 
 Order will 
 ,'() the aotuall 
 sold to you I 
 more ; but II 
 itny pai't ot'f 
 
 [No. 312. 
 Slh, 1838.— 1 
 ;l!at Van Bi 
 ef a foul he 
 not from pri 
 ktiew him tl 
 irigue, andf 
 but are youl 
 are againstj 
 '■•) me you 
 lion, and Bl 
 
 Iu the Ml 
 
s sake'.'. 
 
 L4N» SALES TO ACTUAL SETTLEK5. VANDLia'OF.l,, VAN BLREN. 263 
 
 at vou should pay it. 
 till ICC i^cp Jit. 
 . VAN BUREN. 
 
 Mcirtin Van Bute n! 
 
 lloyt. 
 
 (and so does my fa- 
 n most of our friends 
 hat all of our tickets 
 we shall lose one. In 
 •fe/tlif safe. 
 y, and net be caught 
 
 J, VAN BUREX, 
 
 /)(/' in Chanccrij. 
 
 X!:\v VoitK, Nov. "21, 
 
 pas.scd away, it ^ 
 
 ctiued, conuccieJ with 
 
 soohLT. You will rc- 
 
 ■ket,' that I pruposed to 
 
 1^ Tr.kd," and tliat 1 
 
 ur rc'jily wa.s that yuu 
 
 had iK'ver tuld anyone 
 
 lioic vw. various way- 
 
 o in cciirts of law, aiic 
 
 ■on observed you " liac 
 
 :ht nn)re peculiarly be- 
 
 llio |ii\)of, I volunteered 
 
 luvl of I'onscience. In 
 
 rins, certain high digni- 
 
 •libel ly willing to place 
 
 iiis my bill in Equitv, 
 
 I- clia'ire, and whatever 
 
 ly chci;i{ for the §100, to 
 
 u" ejiiilled to, and if not 
 
 J. HOYT. 
 
 Pli'liiilfaler. 
 
 fSii— Please to ask Mr. 
 lining Post to send their 
 M. VAN BUllEN, 
 ton, Dec, 183G.] 
 
 Rn it'll rsmevoly fur his 
 Vas-liin^toii, Van Burcn 
 voi':i' bank and .state. I 
 icroiis fi lends, that A'ai: 
 rK'lii'an stales. Lcggc" 
 d h'msi'lf a bitter oppo- 
 ni.". ill (?oii,','iess atrains'. 
 Ionian — his family witi' 
 lioce. He was for Van 
 LI? ascended the .superior 
 novcd iminedialely, ain! 
 morons style of In's flu- 
 
 msiirjj Circular. 
 
 isniN'iTON, Tuesday, f'th 
 Y, and liad I been more 
 jpposition would take, 1 
 oubt and uncertainfy a? 
 
 They all sesm to hz very good-natiu-ed and vcr; glad to ;ee u'., b-.'.t whether the "treasury 
 order " will be iiriproved as a means of getting up another con;-ie.st-ioni.l jranic reinains yet 
 to be indicated. The message speaks for itself. It strikes me, tliat those who ore r.ow under 
 the power or the screws of usurers and shavers cannot derive much consolation fiom that 
 document. The old Chief is unwiOing to admit, that the government has by any act contri- 
 buted to the present pressure in the money market. His doctrine is, that it has us origin in 
 the mischievous expansion of ihe paper system, and the mad speculations and overtrading of 
 the last eighteen months. You know too that the President is in one respect Uke Revolutions. 
 He never goes baclcwards. I will not hazard even a conjecture as to the main point of your 
 letter. We have as yet no more facilities for accurate guessing here as to the future move- 
 ments of the opposition than you have at New York, and 1 cannot therefoie do more than 
 subscribe myself youi friend, A. VANDERPOEL. 
 
 The Special Order. Berton. Tallcing a Session out. 
 
 [No. 309.] C. C. Cambreleng, M. C, to Jesse Hoyt, Wall street, N. Y. Wa.shington, 
 l3ih Dec'r, 1836. Dear H.— 1 cannot tell you what will be the fate of the Special Order — 
 tbojgh it is not a favorite measure with either Hou.se. Benton will, however, m.:ke a strong 
 speech about it, and he has besides strong ground. TAat question, .and no* other, loill be soon 
 decided. We shall consume the session in battles about the Tariff and Public Lands. 
 
 Very truly yours, C. C. CAMBRELENG. 
 
 i Democratic (.' .') Congress encourage the Pet Bank Polticians to hmj tlv. Putlb. Lands vjHK tM 
 Public Moneij, and refuse to tiixck speculation at the sctJlers' ccpen^i.. Van Burcn sitppostd to 
 be pairioti'-. A talk about selling the national lands to setlUrs on'iij. 
 
 [No. 310.] William L. May, M. C. to Jesse Hoyt, X. Y. W.vsn.'NoroN-, Dec. 9. 
 1836. Mydear>ir: I am inclined to believe that a very general disposition exist.s on the 
 part of the friend.s of the Administration to limit the sales of liic Pub'ic Louis to actual sd- 
 tiers : should this be accomplished (and I see no reason at present to doubt it) the necessity of 
 .<eeping the Treasury Chder in force would no longer exist, and the Pj esident [General 
 Jackson] would thus be supplied with tiio best possible reason u,x its immediate re]:eal. All 
 parties, so far as uiy knowledge extends, depre.atc the ordrr, not onl} as mjuriou.s to eveiy 
 branch of trade, but as tending greatly to lessen the number of onr p lUtiralf-'nui.-^. A fcv/ more 
 ohanges in Pennsylvania and uiir party will be in the minority. How i nportant then, not 
 only as it regards the welfare of the country, but also as it rcfjiids our existence as a party, 
 that some speedy measures should be adopted to fjuiei the public nind, and restore confidence 
 to the trading part of tiie community. As yet 1 have had no oppoi lunity ct conversing witii 
 Mr. Van Bureii on these subjec.s. and am of course i<;noraiu ot bis views, lam credibly 
 informed, however, that HE IS OPPOSED TO THE^ORDER: a:. 1 it may laiilv be pie- 
 i-umed that his fiieuds will adopt any course not likely to wound the sonsibility of llw? Presi- 
 dent, to get rid of it. The plans of the Opposition are not yet deveb ped ; 1 cannot even 
 icnjecture the course tliev wid b- most likely to pursue. ♦ * ♦ ♦ ♦ I reniaii vour friend. 
 
 Wr.LIAM L. MAY. 
 
 [No. 311.] Tiie same to >ame. W.v.shim.tov, Dec. !i-J, 1H3C. Dear sir: The Treasury 
 Order will not, in my opiuion, be repealed; but I think iliai a law, iii.iiting the ^iles if land- 
 to the aotual selll'r. will be pas&c,i. .Since I saw you 1 uispo'-cd ot' -a portion of the land 1 
 sold to you at :i?lO(H) per acre, in Philadelpiiia. 1 am still inclined to sell live ur ten acres 
 more; but I woalii lie uii willing to take a cent les.s than >>lUtlO p^r a(;re, iur the whole, or 
 any part of the tract. In haste, I remain yi)ur liieiui, WlLLlAAf L. MAY. 
 
 Sohmunt, Savl/ucick's two Characters of hisfriewi Van Tiiinn. 
 
 [No, 312.J Solomon Snuthwick to W. L, Mackenzie. Reehesicr. N. Y. Ai.n.iw, Dec. 
 Sth, 1838. — 1 hope, my dear sir, that yuu are now convinced i^\^ wiiat I told yoci in August last, 
 that Van Buren v/as )learlle^s, liyptjcriiieal, selfish and i!n[!riJ!eipleil. Heis the ti.iol or slave 
 if a Ibul heart and a lalse ambition, and never possessed a partii-le fi'trucgrcainess. I .••peak 
 not from prejudice — I knew him intiinati.'ly — very intimately, tor sexnueeii years — and never 
 kn'.'w him to act fnnn a noble nnd di-^iiiipresled motive; aluays I'ull of low eur.niiif.'-, daric in- 
 ;ri',''!e, and base sellishie'S'-. When I told you iliis in i\uj;u.-'., you ^eemed tu le '~urpri>cd — 
 iiut are you m.it nov,- satisljed ■ I tear that the lenders of both jiarti.". with init lev.'exception.s, 
 are against the freedcn of (.'anada. Thi-; is a seiis.ial, seliish. Mu.!ey-mai<iug agi\ It seems 
 '0 me you might have known better than to go to Washint'ton, th.at sink of itiirjuity, corru)v 
 tion, and British induence ! Van Buren and his iooW are the slaves «.f Vieioria. 
 
 Yours truly, t^.!. SOUTHWICK. 
 
 [From the Aihanij Rcgi>kr tf April, 18l:i] 
 lu the Middle District, we rejoice in the nomination of M". ^'''-m Huron. We have lon^; 
 
 t 
 
 
) ' , 
 
 h 
 
 2G1 
 
 rvF.Cv-.MMrNDATIONS TO OFFICF. IN THE V. S. CUSTOMS. 
 
 
 ■ \ : 
 ■ f " 
 
 .:. I' Yr: 
 
 . 4 '." • '• 
 
 Iniown and csl 'emod liim. tlo porpcsscs pienius, intelligence, and clooncncc— has lon{? bwti 
 one of the firnvr.tpriV's ot' the Rcjuiblican iatLTOsl. and willi ii spirit v/l.n.-li '.vi!l not bend lo ser- 
 vility or svcopliancy 'cannot fail to bccumc a di^-itinguished and useful m'-nnher of the Senate, 
 ^ -^ ^ S. SOUTilWiCK. 
 
 Jesse Hill- ^.' Vim Bircn'fi Colkrtor of Ciistn)r.s--Iicnn/ Ukhofffcr, (Ward i\- HnvVs Liitv Stii^ 
 dciif, BnjaJil's paihvr (or c'i'r'r') fir tkr Evrning; Po?t, Clerk in the Cvrtom li"tise, and Lrn. 
 t\rr t't nv.rfff.t mitnlij jV'/yr^) Cust''/)i IIiU'sc Spi/and S:anihil->!!i.ns:rr — ' l/reastht^ the dtirx oj 
 
 W'ilg'-'fry' — hf'io to is'ct rtiisal ui. l/u: familtj irkcm—the CrocLcni-vina^a Clcih — ' E)-yant and 
 -luyfcif — Z/i':';,?.f <■).) dcmocrnlk — Hfslrnrlt, ' l/ufrinigk'ii Uico-fncn'—Dtpiy^lcr damns Vrm Z^^ 
 ■j-cn tJ b's r.'^t — ' Wkii the devil is Mr. Hnijl ?' — ' the "rai'il.ert U'hi': hrcntk ng^ — a mere drrnie-- 
 
 Gc). A. ir.'Ssyt .if^/.' a cinaradc — Lorcuzu Hnijt's rnk offccrd dr/nnuitii'n, ■put 'it rkcuhj (ifera, 
 tijji — M.y ivphcio ll'/c — Dun. WliiMp and iun—' Mj brotkcr t:ic Judge' — ^Itt him bcrenurved' 
 
 — itiiio '(' srurc a liir.;c f.tmiltj intrrcst. 
 
 [No. 313.] Hcniy UL-houfllT to Collector Iloyt. [New Yuri:,] IT.h March, 1638. 
 
 MKMOn.\r.'lJL\M. 
 
 'Gt 
 
 W. R 
 
 id be! 
 
 doors, or the oilic 
 
 itiisK iias lam Dciore you an application for C^-v,v.m;/) in aoors;, or uic oince 
 of In.^peifor, whiohtn'er shall ap'-i-iir to be at your di'^posal. I have already sratod to you (and 
 ' v.QVi vopoat it fu" yo'T renicnnnance) that he i.s related to me as 7ii'p/t/w (iiy a si.ster). kh 
 .jJM mo.-ily residec in the iiM;vciuh Ward, wheie he iv-ept a ship-chandler's stoi e, as succe.-sov to 
 ifty cid>t brother, Gco;-;j;e Uh'hociJ'cr. rihcy were pur!nei> at his deatii.) IVly brother, in hii^ 
 will, diico'.c I Mr, Rose to ;;'o on with the business and pay to my father and moiher the full 
 Value of llic sicck at the time of !iis dceeasv^ for their fiitmc c<jvnii.nt. j2-.'l'oie he accom. 
 pHshcd this he became iiisnU' iif.hwi acted wilii •j,v::d tiiiih to his r^/aud-par* . i-^nnd paid theni 
 i6r(hc;toek(ilie balaueedue at liis Ibil'ire beiuc? sinii!!). Lie thiui p'oc ired a release from his 
 crc.litors by gieat cxeriions. ai-d will-, the aid of .seme friends went int..' '.he grocery businR^H 
 in Cherry s'reet, which m.idj 'h'>ih ends lueet,' appaienily. Last May he removed his st'jn: 
 into Coenties Slip, and to.i ■: n pan:u.'r, and ailempU'd to I'o a better b:!s;ncss; but the cban!.;r 
 that came over liie busiiiiv> CDmmnniiy o\er.-^et all lii.s cr.Icidalious, and he has been wastini,- 
 his m ans ever .'^iiice in nocessary c.xjienses. To cvowu all his misforiuuus. his .'•tore to.:k 
 lire tlie early pait of Mareii. and iiis v.-hole stock was lost. Tliough the stock was coveivu 
 by insiiranci", it had been procured mostly iipon credit, and must be paid lor; and even if ii 
 had been oihcrwise, the prospect of doing busines.s fur a long while is but a hopeless one. 
 Trade is not likelv to revive for a consideralile peric;d, and Mr. Rose thinks he must fiaally 
 give up. Under these eiicLimstances, Mi-. Ruse wishe.-s U) withdraw from his business, and 
 take .such an a]ipointnient as will aflbrd hiia a livelihood for a few years. IJc is a democrat 
 of cur da'np — is peitinaeious in argument, and of good edvicaiion. In the Seventh Ward, fe 
 t'Xiu'kd the diirm of \Vliiy:::'.nj in 1H31, and sufii-red in his business some ow Uiat account. As 
 to his (pialihcations, 1 will ass'.ire you he is lit fui' any of the clerkships in cLjois— lie writes a 
 ^•jod hand — is good at Inruics and ealcnlatiuns. As to an mit-dooi appointment, he is far 
 superior '-^ m:niy vrho are ii<iw in oflice This I well know. Mr. Ror-c has a \i'ife and on"; 
 child, anU '■ abo.it 30 yeais of age. jis I have before said to you pcr.'-i-iially, this is an affair 
 whieli 1 fcii an interest in — and if you can appoint him you will confer another favor 
 (among olhers) on me, as well as hiui. II will aba raisi: hic in the i.<lr.t:M nf our fiiiiiUij,\\\\o 
 alibet to believe there is no I'hance for him. My brother the .ludgc, Mr. Jordon and others, 
 have do'ibtk'ss spoken lo you on this subject. 
 
 JosKi'ii Gauniks, with whuiu I have been acquainted foi' years, Is applying for the ofiice 
 cf Inspector. He is about 33 years o) age, and was formerlv a eierkof Cnlemar the crockery 
 dealer in Broatlway, where your wife has j)urehasi'd China-ware iVcipueiuly. Ganiis< 
 bw'ard-i will) my luoihe '-in-law, and has for several yeais. lie boaids in John sliect ('id 
 Ward). I know him well — k'^ jni'.iics arc. of I he. rig/it/,:/;./. Jih^eiydayal dinner Gainis* 
 and 1 hive a regular eonvcisation with thc'Wllig^J at tabic, Jiud 1 have founl himfnmly 
 and cnLhusiasticiiily attaelicd tu the administraiii.ui. Ai'.hough I have no persoiyil interai 
 in his ap;iIic;;tion, I knuw of no young man I could more coidialiy reeoramcrid to your 
 noticv.', boih on account of his pulilies ami capacity. 1 ))lace him (inly next lo Mr. Rose 
 in the interest ( f.-el in his a|i|)lication. Owing lo change in trade and the neces.sity of 
 ceonomizing, Mr. Culemar was obliged to dismiss Mr. Garniss, and every depaitment seems 
 lo be liUel in other iila(;i's wheit; he has sought fjr cinployment. lie is a sin;;le man. 
 
 J.iMKri MiiNuor: Winsuii', a j'oung man 1!) years ul' age, applies lor a Cle;k.ship. Hi' 
 is son of Daniel Winship, butcher of Fuliou Mark'L'l, and resides in the 17th Ward. // 
 
 ccu''S2 a Dc-iLticrol. [i:> 1 lanw fioin 
 
 ;ated conversaliuus. \' i!i ha\e seen him at v)'!' 
 
 lK)U.se, and can judge souiewhal of his me^ its. As to my own knowledge ui' his cap:K'ity, 1 can 
 say no more i!ian that I believe him to be qualilied for some situation of .sm.-.U salaiy. His 
 father kt:s. cnntribtdcd UbernUii at hwney i<) the Dcnwcrat'c part;/, an/.' it ii;uiud be securing a. 
 targe famibj inteast for the administrat.ion, if the appointment could be made. 
 
 hns 
 ma 
 
 V * 
 
roMS. 
 
 Van BPREV democracy RESUtATINO THE POLtTICAL MACHINE. 265 
 
 n 
 
 •nee — has hag been 
 'A ill rot bend loser- 
 intu>r of ihn Senate, 
 . SOUTiiWlCK. 
 
 <f. floyt's Lan Sti^ 
 
 tmn Il'icse, and Lro. 
 
 L least in^ the !t»n 0} 
 
 Clcrh — ' Ei-yant and 
 
 inter ilamns Van Ihi- 
 
 ■a mere drone— 
 
 , put 'It !tc(uly (tpera- 
 
 hi him Icreimwd' 
 
 r.h March, 1838. 
 
 Ill (loori^, or the office 
 
 (lysratod to j'ou(ar,(l 
 
 l< u- (iiy a sister), iic 
 
 f sioic, as .successor to 
 
 .) IMy brother, in hi^ 
 
 ",■ and luiiilier the fiii; 
 
 ;. I'.'l'ore he accom. 
 
 pare . I -,and paid them 
 
 irerl a release from his 
 
 ..." 'ihc grocery biisine.os 
 
 V he reinovcci his sion: 
 
 nicss; but the chant;,' 
 
 id he has been wasiiiiL- 
 
 oi'tuiics. '.lis .'•tore lo.;k 
 
 tlic ^auck was coveivu 
 
 bald Ibi'; and even if i; 
 
 is but a hopeless one. 
 
 '■ thiuks he must fmaily 
 
 from his business, and 
 
 ir.-.. IJe is a democrat 
 
 I the Seventh "Ward, k 
 
 re r\\ ihfit aeco:;nt. As 
 
 s in Ujois — he write-s a 
 
 nppoinlmcnt, lie is far 
 
 ose has a wife and one 
 
 •unally, this is an affair 
 
 coiil'er another favor 
 
 ■tr.ciii. I'f imr family, who 
 
 Mr. Jordcin and olhers, 
 
 ajv,)lyin'.r for the oflice 
 if (Ji'lemar the ei'oekeiy 
 •■ rie(|ueiiily. Garniss 
 irds ill John sliect ('id 
 
 day at dinner Gainis* 
 have Ibiind himfi.mly 
 ive no ficrsrnuil intcrai 
 !y ree^jmnichd to your 
 only next 10 Mr. Rose 
 !e and the necessity of 
 ;veiv depaitment secras 
 lie is a sin^'le man. 
 ; for a Cle;k.sliip. Hi' 
 
 the I7th Ward. // /.' 
 liave >.oen him at y.r.ii' 
 .■;.' of his cap:K"ity, 1 can 
 n of sin;. 11 salary. ///.'; 
 it u.\ndd be sucni'iiig a 
 € made. 
 
 George W. Shocbt wants the place of Cartvian to the Public Store in Nassau street 
 As he has ocon yo i on the sibject, and you know his politics, you ci.n tbrm an opinion of 
 liis merit, and ilie expediency ol doin.i,' what he wishe.''. lie has for some time been tie Ctrl. 
 ■^Mii,iif l/ic Evcni7i:i P, St, Cdiryinj' daily the mail pajeisto the Post (Jflice. lie is a 15th 
 Warder, and yoi can take careof liim without any ui'.'in,.; fiom me. 
 
 Er.viuND J. GnosH is an applicant tor the place of Inspecior. lie is of the lOth "Ward. Of 
 course he is a Democrat. 1 introduced him to you one day in your ofticc in "Wall street. 
 He is a mariicd man of about 45 years of age, jud.ipng liom his appearance. He is a 
 lesrectable man, and would, I have no doubt, fill the place cicdiiably. He relies much on my 
 inu iencc in this business, /mt I have tin particvlar interest in Ins application. 
 
 WiLt.u.M J. Boc;ns is an apjilicant lor the appointment of Inspector. I am well acquainted 
 with him — hww his pfl,ti(s U> be thnrmighly Dcmacralie — r.nd as he depends a gi eat deal on 
 v/hat 1 say to you, 1 will be ciindid enough to say that tlie leiteis be has laid before you, 
 ugncd by Mr. 'Cambreleng, Colonel Johnson and otheis, altho gh entitled to great weight, 
 ought n.jt to be conclusive, lie took great inteiest in Mr. Coe's application for the Collect- 
 orship, and wroic letters to Washington in his behalf, and with Ely Mov)re and others, en- 
 deavored to deleat j'our appointment. He is at present a letter-carrier in tie Post Office, 
 and though / at c/w time Jell disposed to do all I covld for him, .'-ome things have ir.d-ced 
 ine not to urt^e you strongly in his favor. He is in the lOih "Ward, and has a family. 
 Mr. Coddington tan toll you atwjut liim. 
 
 The above applieanis are all new o7ies. ^^^ 
 
 Of those whu ate arc alrcani, hi, the Custom House I will speak as follows: -^t 
 
 J-\MF,3 Wkstkuvklt is a iVc/uhcr, and has spoken to me about his situation. He is 
 ihormi^hhj te'i-/"H'v;, and orght not to be ienM\e('. Theie is no objection to his being re- 
 tained that I know of. He has h^en in office rb.'.t eighteen months. Petkr Coutant is 
 an Inspector, and has been in otiice aboiu a y ar ..iid an half. 1 know him well. He is 
 anc of the Jlrmtst of our partij. Old Giibeit Co Uanl ',;■■ his uncle. He has been persecuted 
 !Gnn"erly by the Whigs, and had to abandon hi; Dusincss in eonseqr^nce. He ought to be 
 retained by all means. He is .son-in-law of D;.' "el "Winship. 
 
 Tno.M,\s KiRic is a Wcipihcr, and now in oiiiee. ] .e has not spoken a word to me on 
 the subject of his bein-j: retained, but I cannot omit tiie oppoitunity, while 1 am making 
 these nieinoiand'iins, of recommending, cordially, his lerpi^iintmcnt. I'^c is a fine old gen- 
 tleman, of our polilies; and has been a con.'^tani visitor at the office of the Evening Pest, 
 where he frequeiiiiy discourses on polities — and, of course, ; is opinions aie well known to 
 Bryant and myself. He was once ol the fi;m of Kill: &; Mei> .in, bookselleis of this city. 
 
 JobP.pii DiiKVKiiLs is now an inspectoi', and wishes to be i-Mufered to the French floor 
 in the Public Stcre in TS'assau street, wheie the pay is the .^aia^ ■ : he now gets, and which 
 change would enahk' him (on account of greater convenience in li e liours of business) to 
 ■pOAj some atte.ntion. to rtker jnattcrs, and make his inct.vic iJier — 01 rather enable him to in- 
 .struct his children in some bianches of education. In this .'io;e he ^voald be attendant upon 
 'He appraisers. Knowing his politics to be deddedln Ikhn.-rat'c, % wo id recommend, if 
 nothing interfered in yo ir opinion, his transl'er to the P.Mic h'tore. lie is a good judge ;;,. 
 
 of French articles, and might be of service in that depaitm t.i. i* 
 
 Among those who are opposed to the adminis! ration, ar;d in ''flice. thee is A. S. Depkyster ii 
 
 ■'•veighei). He is a thoiouvdi Whig, but has U'gcd some L'enu.e.rif; to ^• erk to you for him. 
 Look out for him! He told Mr. Daniel Winship that " M . Van F^uren v, as a damn'd little 
 rascal," or words to that eflect — and this too very rcceidlii. iy;.y.vv.\. V-. 1''m-;ming is a Con- 
 scrvativc Demociat of the rankest .sort. He was a stieniious advce; le tor Coe's appoint- 
 ment to the Collectoi sliip — and said before you was nominated, '• Who the devil is Mr. Hoyt 1 
 Who ever heaid of him'!" vte. lircN-RV K. Frost, a Clerk, 1 know to be the rankest Whig 
 breathing, and ought to be removed without sciuple. Gkorok Ricahd, an Inspector, has 
 been in office several years, and is, I understand, in good pecuniary circumstances, and could 
 live without the office. He is from the lO.h Ward. He scarcely ever attends our meetings, 
 ind is, in a political point of view, a mere dre.nc. Let him be lemoved! 
 
 Hknrv \V*****t, "an Inspector, is a drunken beast, and notwithstanding his politics, he 
 ought to be removed. This is public sentiment wherever he is known. Any one in the 
 lOth Ward will say .so." 
 
 Remark.s by W. L. M.— The original letter is in the jiossession of C. S. Bogardus — the au- 
 thor is dead — his remarks ;.re on public m.aters, and belong to history. Some people say, you j-j, 
 must not tell any bad things done by the di'ad. Does the Bible say h) 1 Are the histories of 
 America, France, England, and Ireland silent about bad men and bad tetious in cashes where 
 the parties are dcaci .' The wry tiist act of the London 'J'ime.-, when ilie profligrtc George 
 IV. Jiad gone to his h.st account, was to review his lili', and hold liiai up to the c:xample of 
 yasteriiy a.s a monster, .scarcely less wicked than Henry VIII., or any otheis of the worst of 
 l'.ngland's kings. It i.s wrong to speak fah-cly of the departctl ; very wrong to erect marble 
 mausoleums to meanly ambitious and avaricious men. 
 
 I 
 
 il 
 
 h 
 
i'r 
 
 36« 
 
 WAR WITB EiraLANS WOULD STOP RBPORM THERE. 
 
 THOUGHTS 
 
 (W 
 
 WAR, TEXAS, SLAVERY, AND OREGON. 
 
 ■M- 
 
 I wnuM not have a slave trt till my drngnd, 
 To rarry ine, lo fun m« wliili: I flcep 
 And tr^nihle wh'n I \vak«;, r'or ull iIip wnalth 
 Ttiat Diiiews bouglit and suld liuve ever pHrned. 
 
 Cowfcr's Ta«i, 
 
 ■(■ 
 
 ';F •■'■ 
 
 ■fi-f 
 
 
 
 'rt 'iT- 
 
 
 •%);v 
 
 
 •' I: 
 
 Signs of the THmes. — War to crush Reform and uphold Oppression.. — England's Complaint in 
 1814 — America's in 1815. — Brarfford Wood's accurate Vie^es. — lU Treatment of American 
 Merchants. — Offers to settle the Ore^^nn Boundary. — Why it otts/it to be settled Peacefully — 
 Texas Constitution. — O'Conncll on Polk, War, and Slavery. — Intclkclual Powers and Bravery 
 of the Negro Race. — Anderson on the Indians. — Washington, Jefferson, and Randolph on 
 Slavery. — The Synod of Kentucky o% Negro Bondage. — Van Burcn's Bargain with the 
 South for his Office. — His Apology for Outrage, Mobs, and Riots, noticed by Leggett. — New 
 York for Preedom to oil, in 1819. — The Missouri, Vote. — The Virginia Slave Trade. — Poin- 
 sett made War Minister, and ■whii. — Van Burcn's Efforts to prevent Emancipation in Cuba. 
 — Polk and Van Buren for, and not for, European Colonization, in America. — Cass and 
 AUen. — Chiizot. — Polk's Treatment of Mexico. — Van Burcn's Canadian Proclamation. — 
 Channing on Calhoun. — Col. Young on Texas and Abolition. — Wright's Manoeuvring. — Van 
 Buren's Neutrality in 1829. — On Slavery in Jowa and Wisconsin. — Greeley on Florida An- 
 7ttxation. — [iVyto ] Bankrupt Laws and Repudiutim of Debts. 
 
 The occurrence of war between ihe United States and Great Britain, is spoken ot'at present 
 as if it were an event neither iniprohahle nor perlmps renK)tc ; and ilie questions o\', peace, may 
 it be preserved ] or shall we see two '^\c;\x nations nt enmity, contending with each other iii 
 armecf strife 1 are of such vast imporlancc, that I think the occasion an opjiortuiie one to oiler 
 some observations and to state sonic facts, both as to the risic the country I'uns nf being involved 
 in war, and as lo the chances of suciX'ss, and otlicr results should a struggle take place. I 
 know, by experience, that when men get angry, and act uiuier the intluence of passion, it is 
 too late to reason with them Ibi' the prevention of mischief. Ro'h parties aie j'et cool ..nd 
 calm, on this question ; and having iiilccted on the mailer carei'uUy, 1 add here to the opinion 
 expres.sed in my widely cinrulaied pamphlet of last September, that pence may and ought to be 
 secured; and that the great iutuicsts (if sdcicly require, that no stop be put lo those bloodless 
 triumphs which our brethren in Ihe Uiiiied Kingdom are efiecting, under prudent and patriotic 
 leaders, whose memories will be sweet in t lie remembrance of generations yet unborn. If 
 it were a just and necessary war waged asrainst a proud and unsympalhizing aristocracy 
 who had trampled to the ^'i-ound a patient people, by their enorinous'taxations, military rule, 
 and proud monopolies, in favor of the oppressed, and with good cause of ofienee, old as I am, 
 I would travel Irom Maine to Micliigan, to rouse the people as far as one man could. But 
 when monopoly in Englnnd lies prostrate ; MJien its ancient champions now range themselves 
 in the ranks of its deadliest enemies ; when the cause of the people, that cause for which 
 methodist and presbyterian, catholic and protestant, have so long petitioned the Ihvor of 
 heaven, is gaining new and glorious triumphs ; whey I set- the defeated monopolists eomtbrt- 
 ing themselves with the hope of high rent.s and more delrt, expenditure and taxation, through 
 a war with America, I cannot range myself on the side of the ultra tories and bigots of the 
 old world, against the efforts of the Humes, the O'Connells, the CobJens, the Greys, the Mor- 
 peths, and the Macauleys; and although personally speaking, I might have a' far greater 
 interest in fanning the flame tlian in endeavoring to throw water on it, yet I can .see so very 
 little good, and Buch a Moscow or Waterloo, as it were, of mischief in the approach of war, 
 
S10N8 OF THE TIMES — BANKRUPTCY— REPUDIATION. 
 
 267 
 
 EGON. 
 
 r^ Complaint in 
 •nt of American 
 led Peacefully — 
 ccrs and Bravery 
 id Randolph on 
 ar^ain with the 
 y LcggcU. — New 
 c Trade. — Poin- 
 •■ipalion in Cuba. 
 :rica. — Cass end 
 Proclamation. — 
 incmrrin^. — Van 
 1 on Florida An- 
 
 )kun of at present 
 ns (if, peace, may 
 iih each other iii 
 rtune one to oiler 
 of being involved 
 Ic take place. I 
 'i of passion, it is 
 are yet cool ,.nd 
 ere to the opinion 
 y and ouglit to be 
 U) those bloodless 
 dent and patriot!'' 
 
 yet unborn. If 
 lizincf aristocracy 
 )ns, military rule, 
 enec, old as I am, 
 man could. But 
 range themselves 
 cause lor which 
 ried the favor of 
 iiopolists comfort- 
 taxation, through 
 and bigclsof thf 
 :; Greys", the Mor- 
 ive a' far greater 
 
 I can see so very 
 approach of war, 
 
 as thtapi now stand, that 1 gladly avail myself of this medium, to state my views to those 
 whom this volume may reach. 
 
 The si^s of the times are not very pacific, certainly. Mexico, it is said, will have a 
 monarch trom Europe ; Paredes is in power there already ; the annexation of Texas is not 
 the settlement o( that act for the perpetuation of slavery ; " England is arming to the teeth ; a 
 miliiary officer, and not a civilian, is pcrnianenlly 1 1; cid over CMiada ; jreparulions for an 
 onslatight are openly acknowledged there ; tlic ianiied inicresi talk as it war wn» their only 
 refuge from total defeat, in England and Ireland ; President Polk bids America prepare lor 
 the worst ; the gambling sections of our numerous banking estiibllshments look to a deriinged 
 currency, with u.surious interest, baseless j^aper, a new national debt, and heavy taxes to meet it 
 during the next twenty years, as a national blessing; others besides H.J. Walker's constituents 
 are ready to repudiate ;• many want Canada ; not a few have bright visions of Oregon ; 
 
 * Baskript Banks. Ittpi-mATioN or nKDTs— On tlie I3ili of .Tnnuuy, 1812. a meetlne wns held at th« 
 
 Morcliiinis' K.vih;iii(;i'. N. Y.. In iiiMH'-iC llie rt'|)(!:il nC the I) iiikrupt l;iw, .luliii I. Miprsmi In ine ihalr. Mttsirj. 
 Prescritt I11II. Sridin, 'I'iltli'ii, .MrVuiin. J' lii\ W. tCiluiniuls, iii.il Unllcr : iKikc. l.nMiiNPS ^aiil, that iha liiw« 
 fire liuiicntMlily ilctiricnt in mil .■iiniriliiiir iliic rfiiiMUi ilifi HMfurimintf di'lilnr, nn:l (.'iianlinir against fraud — lliftt 
 j'o civiliitc'l coniinuiiiiy nvir iiwininl sucli :i ureUliiMl pliin us nur oxrciiliniis, jiidniientK, creUitorii' Ijills, tc, 
 M ilrulii iVoin llio i«jckit iif till' imlrriuiniie llicir lasl (liillir— lliut, ns (uir lawn nt.nil.ii iiiiui litiil beuer Im a 
 itilcfi'nil sli'iil. tliiiii Im 11 pour (li'lilnr. Tlie llmf nny .-i Tt I'fn-li in lilV. lliu diliuir mvcr c:in. Ho «'i» luf 
 Indliii: Iniiki. ;ukI iipliiililiin; tlic liMnkrupi liiwf^, i,ni I'T ihr luw w In tlicr ur ma. Biti.er wfn nppoi-eil to 
 
 tliR rr[ic:il uC the li- iikiiipl l:i\v 
 
 ,iniv, xaw \\ 
 
 d um, h« s:iid. llic i;ii(ili^li iiisulvcnt Ihw Kysii ni 
 
 «ilh- 
 
 nut ll.< uiMicriil liiinknipt liiw sy^HMii, Iml Willi 20 l;iws :ill v:iiyiML', in in m.iny !<t;ini«. 'J'lie inmdvenl Ihw of 
 riiRtiinri tiiuk nil .1 ni;inN pruperty, stopped lii< hnsinrss, IniprisoiiPd :inil ilien iiirned him uui ileftitiito, nnri pro- 
 ciulmml to l)e nnvvuriliy i>r rrodit, iind yet CTiiftlril liim in iiikt> cnur gt .■ind ninke nmnry li>r his credlttm. 
 ^<llch H sysleni w:'.s h.id and had li nl rf<ul'ls. Ii was rti.illy di^l^r!lCL^nl tliiil our 1hv\» nil temlad to oppreaa the 
 liuni'stniid unloiliinat' debtor, arcl yct do no pood to ihii rriMl.lur. Another nieetir.c was held on the I8lh against 
 the law, unci imich said on the other niile. The t;roaicvil seems to Ije, that systematic, hene ficial legisl'itinn, by 
 TonKress, on this and many olhi r sniijects, e-perially a peneral piirlnership law, weiiis hopeless. Whether 
 too many live by Intiiune— or lliric is carelessnos— cir that opposing Interests have marred usernl improve- 
 iiinils. I know not.— On June 'Jil. 1810, when It was propos' d to e'wv to the U. S. povornment the (xiwer to 
 wind lip the concerns ol'cvery hank, or insurance, inanulaclurinir, or tradinji corporation, that »topptd payment 
 ol'lti debts, by including! stall liaiiks. &<'., in tliu bankrupt law, then nndur disciisslun In the iSeiiute, Caliioi'N 
 opposed it, but proposed no remedy lor bank sii^pen.«ioiis by the liiiiidred. dozen, or 8in!»le. The bill auihorized 
 any creditor who had aiked payment otSJ(K). or upwards, due him. to take out a cdinmisslnn of bankruptcy. If 
 not paid within ITi days, so that the alliiis of the bank. tc. niicht be placed in the hands of proper trustee*, 
 iind woiinil up. There were tlun, nearly iOtt .suspe-ided banks, mid he would nut compel them to pay, or be 
 jilaced under liie care of li di ril oltiecrs, to be wound up. It would place loo iiinch power In the hands of the 
 (Tovernnitat, and brinu about a political alliance between it and the banks. Mr. (Jaljioun propo-ed no remedy 
 lor the bankrupl<:y of corponitiniis, and seemed to sup|H)se tliat l,'on<:ress outfht not to or could not apply one! 
 
 It would surely I'nllow. of ti^rht. that if the banks are to be privllcited Iroiii paying their debts, they «hall have 
 110 power, while thai privilese lasts, to coerce their debtors— but, to me, the Rev. Sidney Smith's rensonlng, In 
 his memorial to Coiiiiress is eoiulnsive. He fays; " V'our [ictitioner lent to the State of Hennsylvanla u snm 
 nf money, for the purpose of ^ouie public iinprovenient, 1'lie amount, thoutih small, is to him important, and 
 is a saviii(! from a lifo income, made with dilliculiy and privation. If their refusal U) pay (from which n very 
 larjo ijundier of Kiplish families are sutleriiiL') had been the retultof war, produced by the unjust apitression of 
 powerful eneinle.s ; if it had arisen from civil di>cord ; if it had pmceeiled trom an improvident application of 
 means In the first year.s of self-jjovernment ; if it were the act ol a poor state striipKlIng aiiainst the barrenness 
 of nature— every frieod of America would have been contented in wail for lietter li .s; hut the Ir.iud Is com- 
 mitted ill the proi'ound p<'ace of I'ennsylvania. by the richest fiate in the Union, alt,.' the wise investiiient of 
 the borrowoti money in roads and ciinnls, of which the reptniiators are every day reapirf! the advantnfie. It In 
 nn act of bad laiih wiiich (nil its eircumstances couslderui) has no parallel, and no excuse. Nor is It only >he 
 loss of (iroperiy which yonr petitioner I nieiits ; he laments still more that immense power which the latd faith 
 of America has piveii to aristorralical opinions, and to the enemies of tree institutions in the old woild. It Is 
 in vain any lont'er to appeal to history. >.nd to |iolnt out the \vron|.'s which the many have received from the 
 few. The Ainericnns, who boast 10 have improved the institutions of the old world, h.ave at least equalled Its 
 crimes. A threat nation, alter trampling under font till earthly tyranny, has ueen ttullty of a I'r.iud ns eooriiinus 
 us ever dl«j;rHCed the worst kinp of the most devrnded nation of Kuro| e." 
 
 I think that the dishonest party leaders, in Pennsylvania, Mississippi. Illinois, Indinnn, Michigan, and other 
 deliuillinB stales, led on liy the early e.vaniple of Van Bnren's ennlederates, and enconraged by the unequalled 
 profligacy of lii» government, had hist all sense of shame. In I'enn-ylvani.i, the lust of money, and of office in 
 order to get mom y. is as scandalous iis here ; wliile the feelings of manly pride, and the desire to merit the 
 pond opinion of the human rare seems to lie litile fell. Kach parly appears to dread to impose taxes, or enforce 
 their collection lor the payment of just debts, lest the other [lariy should make |iolilical capital out of such a 
 measure! I mii-t s.iy tli.it Hume's vit ws of ilie British National Debt — piiiietnai payments of the interest, 
 great economy and retrenchment, and a sotiiul currency, with good laws and independent jndi'es to do justice 
 to all. comes nearer to my views of repiilplicaiii-iii than lioriow ing on your honor, and liegg iriiig those who lent 
 what your wants required. Without a sound currency and a comprehensive partnership law, and a dlflerent 
 luanHgement ol contracts and revenue than I now witness, very little 2ood will be etlected. 
 
 The Uuteh remonstranec agtiiiist Amcricnn Uepudiation. was lianded to C. Hughes, the agent of the E. S. in 
 Holland. To its doctrines, as contained In the following c.vtract. every true American will subscrilie. 
 
 " We, the unilersigned. bondholders, of North American loans, neuotiated of late years, or secured ttpon 
 stocks iss'ted by several States of the Union, confideutly lake the liberty to invoke your'kind intercession In our 
 lahalf. Volt are well aware that the engagements entered into on issuing these loans have not been fulfilled; 
 that the payment of interest has been su-pended ; that resolutions passed liy some of the States have rendered 
 these securities aluHLst vtijutbss ; that severe losses have been sustained ; whilst every endeavor to effect a 
 remedy to this deplorable stale ( f things has hitherto proved I'ruitless 'J'he doctrine of repudiation, although 
 embraced in some qmirters, has excited the just inilignaiion nf the majority of the ponulation. Men In elevated 
 tuitions have o|Knly dec i.tred, that whaiever the calamity of the times or thu mal (iractl'ces and diinpidatioos of 
 the banks and public ofTieers, or whaiever the disappointments attendant on too sanguine expectations, nothing 
 can sanction such a doctrine. The inviolability of engajenieni*:, which having no tribunal to enforce them, 
 are 10 be considered the more sacred as being placed under the protection of the national honor and public 
 faith, has been warmlv ad'.'ocated in your country itself." 
 
 u 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
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 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WKST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4S03 
 
// 
 
 
 Us 
 
 f/> 
 
1 , 
 
 308 
 
 AN ENGLISH OPINION OP AMER!eA^» BRAVERY. 
 
 0i 
 
 
 •->,•'■ 
 
 a' ■'"■'. i 
 
 j^' 
 
 
 ih«w are yet those whom an unfeeling colonial government wantonly and wickedly wronged, 
 who bide taeir time; the InJiansare oil haa.' ; O'Conndl an I Ireland will not go lor slavery ; 
 France is considered in the interest of Wellington; and peaceful conventions, whether 
 of this state or of the Union, to i;n;^)rore the cjaJition oftht! pjjple, and afford a bright exam- 
 ple to less favored lands, are Jiatetul to those who desire to see the speedy dowufall of re- 
 publican government. 
 
 Many say hsre — " War would b? a most effective tariff, to protect our manufactures." So 
 it would; but may not peace and an /loncst currency supply thai, wiiliont war ? Many of our 
 manufactures depe:id on our cOiii nerce, aud would be iajuriously affected by war. War, 
 say some, " would put down slavery iii the south and give us Canada on the north, and secure 
 Oregon on the west." I am anxious to see slavery put down everywhere, but not to risk the 
 peace of the world to effect it sooner by a few years; and railroads, canals, national prosperity, 
 upright government and universal education will settle the Canada question more to our 
 satisfaction in the long run than seven years of strife and butchery. Yes, but it is said again, 
 " War would humble liln'.flinl." Are you sure of thaf? England is far more powerful, 
 united, enlightened, fret, prosperous, and populous at this day tiian .she was when she with- 
 stood tor a series of years, the co nblnel ed'orus of many nations, led by Napoleon, and backed 
 for three years, nearly, by the United States. Besiies, when the war was over, both parties 
 would begin lO count the cost, and wish they had waited a little. 
 
 As John Bull is older, by some thousands of years than Brotlicr Jonathan, we will take 
 his evidence first. 
 
 [From the London Times of DecemlDcr 30, 1814.] 
 Treaty of Ghent. " If any of the powei-s who have received our subsidies, or 
 have been rescued from destruction by our courage and example, have had the baseness 
 to turn against us, it is morally certain, that the treaty of Ghent will confirm them in 
 their resolution. They will rellect, that we have attempted to force our princi- 
 ples on America, and have failed. Nay, that we have retired from the combat with 
 the stripes yet bleeding on our baclcs — with the recent defeats of Plattsburgh, and on Lake 
 Champlain unavenged. To make peace at such a moment, they will think, betrays a dead- 
 ness to the feelings of honor, -ond shows a timidity of disposition inviting further insult. II 
 we could have pointed to America overthrown, we should surely have stood on much higher 
 ground at Vienna, and everywhere else, than we possibly can do now. Even yet, however, 
 if we could but close the war with some great naval triumph, the reputation of our maritime 
 greatness might be partially restored; but to say, that it has not hitherto suffered in the esti- 
 mation of all Europe, and what is worse, of America herself, is but to belie common sense 
 and universal experience. ' Two or three of our !>hips have struck to a force vastly supe- 
 rior V No, not two or three, but many on the ocean, and whole squadrons on the lakes ; and 
 the numbers are to be viewed with relation to the comparative magnitude of the two navies 
 Scarcely is there one American ship of war, which has not to boast a victory over the British 
 flag; scarcely one British ship in thirty or forty, that huf beaten an American. Our seamen, it 
 is urged, have on all occasions, fought bravely. Who denies it? Our complaint is, 
 that with the bravest seamen, and the most powerful navy in the world, we retire from 
 the contest when the balance of dei'eat is so heavily against us. Be it accident, or be it 
 misconduct, we inquire not now into the cause; the certain, t!ie inevitable consequences 
 are what we look to, and these may be summed up in lew words — the speedy growth of 
 an American navy, and the recurrence of a new and much more formidable American 
 war. PVom that fatel moun'nt, whr'ii the flng of the Guerriere was struck, there has been 
 quite a rage for building ships of war in the United States. Their navy has been nearly 
 doubled, and their vessels are of e.vtraordinary magnitude. The people, naturally vain, 
 boastful and insolent, have been filled with an absolute contempt of our maritime power, 
 and a furious eagerness to beat down our maritime pretensions. Those pas&iuns, which 
 have been inflamed by success, could only have been cooled by what, in vulgar, but em- 
 phadc language, has been termed ' a sound flogging;' hut, unfortunately, our Christian meek- 
 ness has induced us rather to kiss the rod, than to retaliate its exercise. Such false and 
 
Rrickedly wronged, 
 not gj lor slavery ; 
 veniions, whether 
 jrd a bright exam- 
 y downlall of re- 
 
 lanufactures." So 
 
 arl Many of our 
 
 eJ by war. War, 
 
 e north, ani secure 
 
 but not to risk the 
 
 latioual prosperity, 
 
 3stion more to our 
 
 but it is said again, 
 
 ar nure powerful, 
 
 IS wliea she with- 
 
 poleon, and backed 
 
 over, both parlies 
 
 than, we will take 
 
 our subsidies, or 
 c liad the baseness 
 ill confirm them in 
 
 force our princi- 
 tlic combat with 
 )nrgh, and on Lake 
 ak, betrays a dead- 
 g further insult. II 
 ood on much higher 
 Even yet, however, 
 ion of our maritime 
 
 suffered in the esti- 
 jolie common sense 
 a force vafctly supe- 
 iis on the lakes ; and 
 e of the two navies 
 ory over the British 
 can. Our seamen, it 
 
 Our complaint is, 
 3rkl, we retire from 
 it accident, or be it 
 .•itnble consequences 
 10 speedy growth of 
 )rmidable American 
 nek, there has been 
 ivy has been nearly 
 iple, naturally vain, 
 lur maritime power, 
 ose passions, which 
 
 in vulgar, but em- 
 our Christian meek* 
 se. Such false and 
 
 AMERICANS nEVIEWrNO A THREE YEARS* WAR. 
 
 26d 
 
 feeble humanity is not calculated for the guidance of nations. War is, indeed, a tremendoo* 
 
 cTigine of justice ; but when justice wields the sword, she must be inflexible. Looking nei- 
 ther to the right nor to the left, she must pursue her blow, until the evil is cl^an rooted 
 out. This is not blind rage, or blind revenge ; hut it is a discriminating, a calm, and 
 even a tender calculation of con.sequences. Better is it, that we should grapple with tha 
 young lion, when he is first fleshed with the taste of our flock, than wait until, in the 
 maturity of his strength, he bears away at once both sheep and shepherd." 
 
 Now for the Yankee version. Make way for the witness, Mr. William Coleman. 
 Silence in court ! 
 
 [From the New York Evening Post of February 13, iSlfj.] > 
 
 Treaty op Ghkxt. "For ourselves, the people, who .sliall tell us, at the conclusion of 
 iliis war, how we are recompensed for the death of ilumsiiuls and the expense of millions'? 
 Who shall tell the sacrifices, the losses, we have .sustained, the .sufferings we have under- 
 gone and the deprivations we have endured and must endure lor j-jars to come; and not 
 we alone, but our chikben and grandchildren after m. When liie accounts of this war 
 shall be all wound up; when, in addition to the necessary expenses of it, the squanderings, 
 the waste, the innumerable frauds that have been practised, the losses that have accrued from 
 the abuses of public trust, are taken into consideration ; (and let us consider that filly thou- 
 sand dollars lavished upon a single scoundrel to bribe him to forge a miserable calumny, 
 forms an item and hut an item in the account;) when we reflect upon the multitude of pay- 
 masters, and agents, contractors and commissaries, with all the ho.sts of jobbers for the army, 
 from his excellency, the governor of a state, who haggles and eliaflers for a lot of cartouch- 
 boxes, down to the petty rascal who crimps recruits at eight dollars a-piece, men, who without 
 virtue, labor or hazard, are growing rich, as their country is impoverished, when these and 
 a host more, who have battened upon the distresses of ilieir country, shall have their accounte 
 adjusted and allowed by the proper officers, what think you will be the melancholy result pre- 
 sented to us ? I will tell you what, and if I am wrong, let m)' words be remembered and the 
 
 public confidence be withdrawn from me for ever It will be nothing less than a funded 
 
 debt, of more than one hundred and fifty millions of dollars ; bearing an interest of six per 
 cent. Still, vast as the amount is, it is within the ability of the country, if we can stop here, to 
 discharge it. Let us then meet the evil since it is inevitable, with firmness and resolution, and 
 cheerfully resolve, since it has now come to a conclusion, to provide for the debt, to the best of 
 our ability. Let the nation rejoice, for though we have been compelled to make vast sacrifices 
 without any adequate cause for it : though we have suffered calamity and distress wantonly 
 brought upon us by a weak and profligate administration ; though we have been compelled to 
 submit to losses which can never be repaired, and to sutler golden advantages to pass by, 
 which will never again return, yet let the nation rejoice, we have escaped ruin." 
 
 Colonel Duane, a veteran of opposite politics, and a warm friend of the war, did not differ 
 from his federal neighbor. 
 
 [From the Philadelphia Aurora, by W. Duane, July 2-1, 1816.] 
 " Never was a peace concluded more timely or fortunately ; the inconsistency and want of 
 system, the utter incapacity which had been shown in the iiianagcincnt of the war and the 
 finances, and the want of energy to repress revolt and put down tliusc who conspired against 
 their country in league with the enemy, had made a d:;ep impression on the country : but the : 
 peace came so suddenly, the pL'ople wore so snrprist'd and aian/.cd at their good fortune, that 
 all the imbecility and incapacity, all the waste and extravnganco, the disasters ;ind shame, 
 which belonged ts the public measures from the beginning to the close of the war, were, in the 
 extacy of disappoiiuej d:spondoncy, t'orgotton and Ibrgiv'on — !lic squanicriiig of treasure and 
 stores in tht; w,- t, misconduct, which would, under any other g(jvcrnment, have sent generals 
 to the common hut, were overlooked ; the most futile plans of campaigns, atvi the most ludi* 
 
 4 
 
 •a 
 
270 
 
 CANDID ttEFLECTIONS ON WAR. BRADFORD WOOD 
 
 •'.'; , - • 
 
 
 •!<■,■■'■••. 
 
 h:r;■'«':^"■'■' 
 
 fu:. iv'V- 
 ■ Ih-r-.' !■',■■'■ 
 
 
 h;.;;-.-: 
 
 
 ' .• 
 
 .- • 1 ' ' ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : 
 
 H 
 
 
 1 
 
 ii'V . 
 
 ■ .■ .( ■•• • ■' '■ ' 
 
 S" 
 
 erous and sometimes the most barbarous and wanton sacrifices of human life, for no other pur- 
 poses on earth, than to aggrandize the vanity of a profligate favorite; merit persecuted and 
 slandered, and baseness and profligacy rewarded with the honors which, heretofore, it had 
 been alleged were to be the meed of genius, virtue and patriotic services." 
 
 ■ The stripes at Plattsburgh, and the youn»!ion of the west— that's the language of England's 
 leading journal for ISM, and as to the victory hoped for, to close the struggle decently, that 
 came also — at New Orleans. The cost — eternity alone can tell the tears, the agony, the woe, 
 the wretchedness, which were the result of that fierce and unnatural contest. When the ill- 
 fated Lexington was burning off Long Island, and her lUO passengers and crew were crowded 
 in the bow and stern, till compjlleJ to leap into the ocean to be drowned, to escapebeing burnt 
 alive ; when the boats were swamped, and all nearly perished by fire, wjiter, frost and cold, in 
 that terrible hour, how gladly would thousands of generous Americans and Britons have joined 
 in risking their lives to save these unhappy men, women and children! Yet their horrible 
 deaths are as noUung in the account of woe and misery tnai, must result from a deadly enmity 
 between two peoples, ot one origin, one religion, on(? kindred, and speaking the same language. 
 The man who will interfere, in aught, effectually to prevent the slaughter of another 1(30,000 
 christian men ; the grief of parents, brothers, soiis, sisters and lovers; the destruction of pro- 
 perty, of friendship, and of commerce; the retardment of republican progress; and the immo- 
 rality and hardness of heart which such a war w(mld generate, would deserve well of man- 
 kind. 
 
 War will bring again upon us, heavy direct taxes — high prices — a wretched, fraudulent cur- 
 *enc)' — loans, perhaps, as before, at 53 per cent, discount ; and it will delight the British to- 
 nes ; it is just what they want. The people of England, Ireland, and Scotland, have united 
 and pressed the landlords to the wall. Free trade with America, in Corn, in Pork, in Cotton, 
 in Flour, in everytliing, is now the popular cry, the honest cry of a nation. O'Connell echoes 
 it, tlie aristocracy are appalled, the iron duke gives way — when lo ! a new obstacle is found. 
 The freemen of the west and the north are ready to battle — not for freedom, like "their gallant 
 sires; not for aiding an oppres.sed colony, but for slavery in Texas, and for a band of heart- 
 less slave-owners, \v\\o have joined with the pretended, stockjobbing democrats of the north to 
 gamble the nation into a 200 million debt, for a strip of ^» Oregon I 
 
 I have met with the speech of Mr. Bradford Wood, member of Congress I'rom this State, 
 delive;Ofi in the IL of R., Jan. 31, 18-lG, in the Albany Evening Journal. Though late in life, 
 I thankfully receive lessons of wisdom from this son of a revolutionary sire. 11 permitted to 
 call mysell a democrat, Mr. Wood's creed, as given below, would best indii-ate mine. 
 
 " Grant, if you choose," said he, " that England should be worsted in every conflict, and that 
 your plans for conquest and victory, like Captain Bobadil's, were perfectly feasible, it would 
 still be dear-bought victory. You would have inflicted greater evils on your own country than 
 on j'our enemy's. You will have demoralized your country, centralized its government, swept 
 away its democracy, and erected on its rufts a military aristocracy, and thrown back for years 
 the civilization of mankind. Nor would this be all. You will have arrested the progress ot 
 liberal opinions throughout the world, and especially in that very country where the principles 
 of free-trade (the best of all peace societies) are spreading rapidly, widely and triumphantly, 
 benefiting alike that country and this, and which can be arrested only by a war between the 
 two nations. Gentlemen were very much inclined to denounce England ; but the England ot" 
 1775 or 1813 was not the England of 184G. The only effectual way to attack England was by 
 peace, not by war. It was the only way you could reach her proud unfeeling aristocracy, who 
 had been built up by war, and whooi a continuance of peace would ore long put down. With 
 that aristocracy, none of us had any sympathy ; but he trusted all had with a down-trodden 
 people, struggling to unclasp their grasp, and who had been demoralized, plui' '.ered, beggared 
 
 and reduced to starvation by glorious war Why was this deadly hate manifested 
 
 against England 1 Say what you would, with all her injustice to Ireland and to a portion of 
 her own citizens, she still had more of civil and religious liberty than any other country in 
 Europe. There the liberty of speech and of the press were inviolate, and the blush came some- 
 times tingling to his own checlc when it occurred to him that in this respect it was more invio- 
 lable in England than in some portions of his own country. Th". first aspirations of civil and 
 religious liberty that ever dawned on this world arose in England — the same spirit that sent 
 forth the pilgrims of New England, inspired Hampden, Miltou, and Vane, and brought the 
 
OD 
 
 fe, for no other pur- 
 irit persecuted and 
 I, heretofore, it itad 
 
 gruage of England's 
 iggle decently, that 
 the agonv, the woe, 
 est. When the ill- 
 crew were crowded 
 
 escape being burnt 
 er, frost and cold, in 
 Britons have joined 
 
 Yet their horrible 
 om a deadly enmity 
 
 the same language. 
 
 of another 100,000 
 
 destruction of pro- 
 ress ; and the immo- 
 eserve well of man- 
 
 ched, fraudulent cur- 
 el ight the British to- 
 ciitland, have united 
 , in Pork, in Cotton, 
 O'Connell echoes 
 ew obstacle is found, 
 m, like 'their gallant 
 1 for a band of heart- 
 ocrats of the north to 
 
 jress from this State, 
 Though late in life, 
 sire. If permitted to 
 iiiate mine. 
 
 !very conflict, and that 
 ctly feasible, it would 
 our own country than 
 its government, swept 
 thrown back for years 
 rested the progress ot 
 V where the principles 
 3ly and triumphantly, 
 by a war between the 
 i ; but the England of 
 ttack England was by 
 iling aristocracy, who 
 mg put down. With 
 
 with a down-trodden 
 , plui. '.ered, beggared 
 idly hate manifested 
 id and to a portion of 
 
 any other country in 
 I the blush came some- 
 ect it was more invio- 
 spirafions of civil and 
 
 same spirit that sent 
 'ane, and brought the 
 
 LAT. 49* — THE AMERICAN MERCHANT. — ^JEFFERSON. 
 
 m 
 
 fint Charlet to the block. And now at this day, among the middle classes of England, and 
 among thuce whose names are great without titles, were many who were manfully battling the 
 cause of the people and of human progress, and who would deprecate a war with this country as 
 a disgrace to civilization. The arrogance of the British government was as little to his taste as 
 the profligacy and insidious tyranny of France, or the despotism of Russia. Ail three were 
 hostile to republican institutions ; and it became us 'o see to it tliai no unjust act of ours should 
 furnish them a pretext for an increased hostility." 
 
 In the able and temperate speech of Mr. Winthrop on Oregon, as I find it in the Intelligencer, 
 he reierred to Mr. Preston King's remark that Mr. Polk had ofiured the 4i>ih parallel to L.ritain 
 last summer, knowing it would be rejected; and in Mr. Polk's message of December last, he 
 aflirms, " that the British plenipotentiaiy, without submiiting any other pro] asition, snflered 
 the negotiation on his part to liroj)." Let the reader turn to the correspondence of Bu';hanan, 
 and it will there be found that the negotiation was abruptly closed by the withdrawal of all pro- 
 posals of compromise, by the president's own order ! In Jcflurson's letter to Monroe, Oct. 24, 
 1823 [Works, vol. 4, p. 3801, he tells hiin, that " Great Britain is the nation which can do us the 
 most harm of any une or all on earth ; and with lier on our side we need not fear the whole 
 world. With her thoii we should most sedulously cherish a cordial friendship." 
 
 An honorable and dignified body of merchants are a ble^bingto any country. Their calling 
 18 among the most useful, respectable, and necessary ol any iu these United States; and they 
 ought to stand with a perfect equality befoie the law. Ihal tliey do not so stand is a fiact 
 which none will deny. That many olour laws ^rc made, or administered, so as to tantalize 
 and pillage them, is daily made manifest. That gross I'avoiitism towards some, and bitter 
 enmity towards others, was the practice in Van Burens time, the journals ol Congress too 
 clearly testify; and when we s-ee B. F. Butk-r again district attorney, malgre' his extortions 
 from 1838 to 1841, we do not anticipate too kind treatment now.* Add to all this, that they 
 are kept month after month in absolute uncertainty as to thecontinuanceof peace, their adven- 
 turous spirit chec'ied, their calculations made doubly doubtlul, and the imroitani subjicis of a 
 tarilT, and the currency, loft unsettled — and then let the C'ongies^menand llieir constituents ask 
 themselves, if the bold, fearless, intelligent, upright, and industrious American merchant re- 
 ceives from his government fair jilay, or anytliing like ill 
 
 The London Times thinks " that every purpose both of honor and interest would be answered, 
 if the British Minister, on whom now devolves the duty of making tresh proposals to the Gov- 
 ernment of the United States, Mere to renew on his part the ofier made to England by Mr. Gal- 
 latin in the presidency and under the direction of Mr. Adams. That proj osal was to take the 
 49th degree of North latitude as far as the sea, as the boundary line, reserving to Great Britain 
 
 ♦ Can MERcn.»NTS not dk tkustfd as Jurors ! — Mr. Iloyl, cnllector of customs, N. Y., informed Matthew 
 Blrchard, yolicilnr of itie 'I'reHsiiry, Wiitliingioii, liy teller diiled I'cl). 22, IHO — lliut " the arrogance of tht com- 
 " merciai classes, exiiiliiled witliiii the last lew jcurs, in ilieir ctliirls tn satisfy the pefi|de tlml tliif cIhss alone 
 " were enllilt'd to funiHil the government, us w«HI lis the dfstinie.i of all other classes, has had its influence 
 " even ' in the judgment .'■cat ;' and, from h sympHlheilc (teiiuji, has controlled judges in advices and admoni- 
 " tiojis to jurors ; wliich hiia lieen advirte to tht; interest of the United Stales. He hate beev heretofore unfor- 
 *■ ttinate in the selection of jurtrrs in the courts of the United e>t;it<s. Thi-y are not drawn, as is 'he practice in 
 " other conrts, hut are sc/ectei/ by the marshal from jchut sources he //leases ; and hitherto larjte nunjbers of 
 'jurors have been taken from the mercantile classes, 1,'ainst which course I have rmionstrnted," fcc. Mr. 
 Hoyt went on to state that there should lie " instruct-. .ns ;" and, live days afterwards, M. Blrchard, Solicitor of 
 the Treasury at Washington, thus instructed the iMarshal, A. J. Uleetktr : 
 
 " Feb. 27, 184(1.— There arc lew persons who liave not olten seen honest men err in judgment in consequenco 
 "of influences I'rom whitli they, ai the time, lielieved thetii>e!ves entirely free. It im|iUtes nothing against the 
 " honor of New York merchants to suppOfC that, in lliis re>i)ect, they are suliject to the like imperfections 
 " which ticloiig to other men. 1 have therefore in request you to hear these general observations in mind, when 
 " selecting jurors for the trial of revenue cases, »mi endeavor to JrEL>XT impartial, capable MEN. who are 
 
 "TOTALLY UlpCONNEcTtl) WITH TR.ADK and all ius influences the whole nation 
 
 ■'knows that CONKIUENCK ,n AY W LLL UE I'LAtJI D IN THE INTEt.RlTY ANi> JUD(;ME^TOF HON- 
 " BST FA11MRR8 AND MECHAMCS, ANP THAT IT IS not less I'lK tl'EH FOK THE U. S. TO &EEK A 
 " FAIR TRIAL than for a private citizen."--M. BIRCH ARU, Solicitor, ire. 
 
 In Decenilier. ISHD, we find Henry 1). Gilpin taking Hoyt and Uuiler to task for comproiiiiting heavy law- 
 bclts instituted lor alleged fraudulent entries, without auihoriiy froni the Tieasury Department— half the 
 amonnt thus recovered went to Hoyt, (;oe and Craig— half to the United States— with enough to Butler. Jn 
 January, 1^0 (next month), the conEfnifjit Matthew Blrchard hod taken the ilucc of the more severe and 
 rigid Gilpin. The Hoyt, Van Uiircn and Butler private corre.^pondonce, may lie!,, .Mime of my readers in guess- 
 ing why and liow this sudden change came to pass. On the i23d of January, the pliant liirchard wrote to Hoyt 
 that the reasons given "are such as would have induced this office to advise the course taken respecting them, had 
 it been consulted." 
 
 In December, 1838, [Rep. CC9, p. 331], Hoyt writes to Banci'oft, Collector at liostou (now Secretary of the 
 Navy), as follows : 
 
 " You may, however, lie nhio to succeed fin condemning the goods] licttcr in your district than we can here ; 
 "forOIJR COURT IS VERY MUCH OF A MERCANTILE COURT— and the juries, AS A MAITER OP 
 " COURSE, always go against the government, and will continue to do so an lon|> as it is the fashion of the day 
 "to consider the government us opposed to the merchants. Iu other words, when the merchants are the jiuors 
 " and witnesses, God help the governmoni 1— Jbsse Hoyt." 
 

 
 'mm: 
 
 ¥:'■' 
 
 
 • f-^ 
 
 
 
 • ^. . ' 
 '■•-.l.t' : 
 
 
 
 1 '• . > 
 
 672 
 
 walker's PUFP. what trOULD IRELAND DO 
 
 Vancouver's Island, the harlwr of St. Juan deFuca, and the free navigation of the Columbia." 
 I thinl{ t 'at i America made that offer to England 20 years since — if Polk said 4!)® a few 
 monihs since — if 19^ was the word in Monroe's time — in Adams'stime — in Tyler's and Cal- 
 houn'sdays — and it', as is " clear and unquestionable," the ''A° 40' was a mare puff, written by 
 Walker, and put forth in the conclave of' orfice- ckers and office-holders at Baltimore, by But- 
 ler, Sandy Hill tashion, to secure the election lri..n the whites — if President Polk knew of all 
 these 49° offers, and yet profeased to hclieiic in tlie 51° 4'.V till his election was carried by a trick 
 — if Van Burcn, Marcy aikl all the resr had approved of the 49's and yet sung the new song 
 of 51° 43' to secure the man they deemed available ; and the speech of Haywood, Polk's col- 
 lege chum, indicates all this; the sooner the thing is settled, and the less we say about it, the 
 better. I do not pretend to judge of the merits of the several parallels, but surely, a few acres 
 of desert are not wjrth quarrelling about. Reform progresses with giant strides in England, 
 and God forbid that the noble sons of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio, should stop its 
 onward course, to please the British tories, and to gain for us here a life-lease of Polk, WalKcr, 
 Marcy, Texas, Houston, and more slavery! My private opinion is, that Oregon belongs to 
 the people there, natives and immigrants ; and that if England and America would bestow a 
 tentn part of^ the money a war would cost, in settling it on the National Reform principle, of 
 160 acres to each family ; settlers to be entitled to UiO acres each, and no man to hold more; 
 the result would be more pleasing than that ol' a war, conquer who may : a war, too, for a nar- 
 row strip of desert we have thrice freely ortercd to giveaway ! 
 
 John Gluincy Adams lliinlcs that a war to free the slave, to give liberty to the captive, to 
 complete the glorious work of Tti, and make the great declaration a truth, would be popular in 
 England. So it would. Who there would sympathise with Polk, Marcy, Wallcer, Cave 
 Johnson, and the slave monopolists 1 Who ought to sympathise with them here? No one. 
 "The occupation of Texas will convert the old slaveholding part of the United States into a 
 disgusting nursery for young slaves, because a Lliwk cmp will produce more monej othe pro- 
 prietors than any other crop they can cultivate." O'Connell, in his dispute with Stevenson, 
 published as his opinion, that the slaveholders abolished the foreign slave-trade, " that by such 
 abolition thev enhanced the price of the slaves then in America by stopping the competition. 
 Why otherwise was not the home trade stopt as well as the foreign V 
 
 The N. Y. Evening Post of Feb. It, 1815, says that the news of a peace, though not rati- 
 fied, lowered ])rices. Sugar fell at once from jjftii) to ftr2,50 ; Tea, from S'2,25 to #1 ; Specie, 
 from ^2 premium to ^2. ; Tin was §80 per box on Saturday, and only S"<J5 on Monday ; U. S. 
 six per cent, stock advanced from 70 to HCi, and Treasury notes to within 2 of par. " In no 
 place has the war been more felt or |)roved more disastrous." Yet I do not think that priva- 
 tion would enter into the American mind in the event of a new struggle. Of the bravery of 
 this people no one ca.i entertain a doubt. 
 
 I know it will be s;,id that it is to free Ireland that we would tight, in part. Will Irishmen, 
 who saw Polk struggle to get a judge put upon the bench of the Supreme Court, by means of 
 a senatorial appio'dl of his nominatioa, whose chief merit consisted in his unceasing, rooted 
 haired to adopied citizens, bdlieve this? Would Ireland join England in such a easel I 
 have not a doubt of it. Our nulivc inajori.ies, our slavery, our Philadelphia riots and church 
 burnings, to put down the Catholics, are not very politic, if Ireland is to be won. England, if 
 she go to war, will come to a full understanding with Ireland, as she has already with France. 
 If there is nothing to apprehend from the French republicans, and I hear that there is not, it 
 would be a fair fight, between two very brave countries; but it ought not to be, and I hope 
 ■will not be. Our case, as far as Texas is involved, is about as unjust a one as Englana's 
 effort to subdue the Alfghans, who had never owed her any allegiance. 
 
 You were told, free Americans, that to add Texas to the Union was to extend the area of 
 freedom. Here fs an extract from its constitution : 
 
 " All persons of color, who were slaves for life previous to their emigration to Texa.s, and 
 who are mm li/:Ul in hmidasc, shall remain In t.''e like state of servitude, provided the said slave 
 shall be the bon& fide property of the pen on sc holding .said slave as aforesaid. Congress 
 shall pa-'s It . I in Iff I'tp m ; i/jit c m i,^rn nbfrom I he Un iled States of A mcrica from bringing their Saves 
 into the renublic with them, and holding them by the same tenure by which slaves were held in 
 the Un'icd States ; nor s/iall co/rj;rcss have tlw. pmr-cr Im cmait/:i pate slaves ; norshaUany slaveholder 
 be alltnoed to enian':ipnt". his or hrr slaves, irithoiit the consent of congress, unless he or she shall 
 send his or her slave or slaves without the limits of the republic. I^ofrec per.'^on of African 
 descent, either in whole or in part, shall be permitted to reside permanfiitiij in the repjMic, with- 
 out the consent of congress." 
 
 This was what Polk was for annexing immediately— this was what the shrewd and far- 
 ,sf:eing Calhoun was ready to involve the whole Uni^m in war for, had it been necessaiy. I 
 now begin to think, that with him and McDulHcthe principle is, nullification or negro slavery 
 uppermost. Even Van Buren, who knew his case was hopeless in the north without aboli- 
 tion votes, had to admit, that "Nothing is either more true or more extensively known, than 
 than Texas was wrested from Mexico, and her Independ(mce established through the instru- 
 
 DV the 
 
 buying 
 
 not a 
 
 her i tan 
 
 tempi a' 
 
 Out 
 
 vantag 
 
 comes 
 
 ment, 
 
 rommi 
 
 of the 
 
 — seeii 
 
 term 
 
 to bru 
 
 liberty 
 
 crisy, 
 
 when 
 
 sepan 
 
 plantc 
 
 and K 
 
 dare 
 
 that t 
 
 main 
 
 conci 
 
 let th 
 
 shall 
 
 was: 
 
of the Columbia." 
 ilk said iO° a few 
 ) Tyler's and Cal- 
 ;re pu(f, written by 
 Baltimore, by But- 
 ii Polk knew of all 
 s carried by a trick 
 iung the new song 
 ywodd, Polk's col- 
 re say about it, the 
 surely, a few acres 
 strides in England, 
 lio, should stop its 
 e of Polk, Walker, 
 Oregon belongs to 
 lea would bestow a 
 eform principle, ol 
 man to hold more; 
 war, too, for a nar- 
 
 y to thi; captive, to 
 ivould be popular in 
 rcy, Walter, Cave 
 m here ? No one. 
 Jiiiied States into a 
 e mone) othe pro- 
 ntc with Stevenson, 
 rade, " that by such 
 ng the competition. 
 
 ICC, though not rati- 
 52,25 to SI ; Specie, 
 ) on Monday ; U. S. 
 1 -2 of par. " In no 
 lot thinlf that priva- 
 Of the bravery of 
 
 irt. Will Irishmen, 
 Court, by means of 
 is unceasing, rooted 
 in .such a case I I 
 lia riors and church 
 e won. England, if 
 dready with France. 
 • that there is not, it 
 ot to be, and I hope 
 a one as England's 
 
 J extend the area of 
 
 •ation to Texas, and 
 ovided the said slave 
 (brosaid. Congress 
 , bringing their Saves 
 slaves were held in 
 shall any slaveholder 
 iless he or she shall 
 ; per.'^on of African 
 in the repudlic, with- 
 
 ihe shrewd and far- 
 l been uecessaiy. I 
 ion or negro slavery 
 lorth without aboli- 
 isively known, than 
 through the instru- 
 
 O'CONNTLL ON POLK, AVAR, SLAVERY AND TEXAS. 
 
 273 
 
 mentality cf citizens of the United States. Equally true is it thrt this was done not only 
 against the '.vishes, but in direct contradiction of the best cHoris oi Cu'' governmei.) to prevent 
 our citizens from engaging in thi; entcrprisL'." Houston, Jackson, i-'wartwont and Polk could 
 have contradicted the Initcr assertion, but it Wtis useless. 1 he JM.gui ge ol Mr. Clay wa.«, " I 
 am decidedly opposed to the wimciliate annexotiM oflexrs to tlie L'l.iicd fct;.tes. i think it 
 would be dif^honoi'i-ble, might involve them in war, would be d; ngeious to the integrity End 
 harmony of the Union, mil, if yll these objections were removed, could not be efleeted accord- 
 ing to i.ny infonnntion I possess, upon just ;.nd admissible conditions." And Jackson, on the 
 brink of eternity, e (cli'.inied, " Let Polk, Dallas, and Texas, be t!ie waieliword and counter- 
 sign — and Clay and his friend Frclinghuy.scn, t/ie friend aho pJ aldit on, for which he .spujns 
 at Texas, will be overwhelmed by the unanimous Voice of thcVouih." Ytt wlien Pakenham 
 v/as invading Louisiann, Jackson, on December 18, I8l4, addressed his black sokli«;rs in an- 
 other strain. He said: "Soklieis ! When on the banks of the Mobile, I called you to tike 
 up arms, inviting you to partake the perils and glory of your white fellow citizen.s, 1 expected 
 much from you ; tor I was not igriorant that you possessed qualities niott formidable to an in- 
 vading enemy. I knew with what fortitude you could endure hunger and thirst, and all the 
 fatigues of a campaign. I knew well how you k'VeJ your native country, and that you had, 
 as well as ourselves, to defend what man holds ir.o; idci V — his parent- , relations, wife, children 
 and property. Vou have done more than I expee'.^ J. ,'i addition to the previous qualities I 
 before knew you to possers, I found, moreover, h.-.li;:' you a noble entliusiusm, which leads to 
 the performance of great tiiii;gs." 
 
 shall such men as these be denied the right oi \' .\r.^, by T .' Convention, next June? 
 
 The two most ii.fliienti; I men in Ireland aie Daniel O'C .nnrli and Theobald Mathew; 
 they have united in an invitation to the Irish here lo orp -e s!a.>'r;,. In the rffia'al publica- 
 tion of O'Connell's speech in Conciliation Hall, M;.n-h Mh, JSlJj'h? 'h'>:; warned our pre- 
 tended democrats where Ireland would be found whenever til; alahijt rtijht be made to real- 
 ize Calhoun's idea of adding all Mexico to the republic. 
 
 From the Dublin Freeman's Joiir:':!l. 
 
 Mr. O'Connei.l. — " I regard with horror the annexation o'' another slave state to the Ame- 
 ''ican Union. Sir, no good is to be bought by the slightest Lomi.tinc ot evil, and 1 condemn, 
 and I deplore, and I denounce the augmentation ot hnma.! inifiyilTt must result by the 
 annexation of another slave .nate. They talk about the I ildr e.'-s oi M/. 1- oik's message — in 
 one point it 1 etrays arrant cowardice— ^I will not condeso ml to miiuc the word. In talk- 
 ing of slavery \r> the States, Mr. Polk has not the courage lo e; 'I it by its proper name. 
 He docs not sp^ak of the Americans upholding slavery ivxl jossc.s.sing slaves, but l.e 
 glosses over the ini'amnus tratiic by styling it by the delicate exj-ression of a 'domestic 
 institution.' Domestir institution! Mr. Polk, it is Slavery! Mr. Polk, it is huckstering 
 in human flesh (loud ehLvrs), It is a loathsome, an execrable" system that makes mi,n the pio- 
 
 Ceriy of his fellow; it is buying and selling man created alter the image of God, redeemed 
 y the blood of his Son, and bearing upon his brow the impress of the Eternal seal, it is 
 buying and selling him, I say, as though he were the beast of the field that giazes, and 
 not a deathless being marked out for an immortal redeniftion, the heir of a heavenly in- 
 heritance, and designed for a destiny so glorious that the mind of mm is dazzled in ccn- 
 templaiing it. And I am to be told" that slavery is 'a domestic institution' (hear, hear)! 
 Out upon those who would make it so ! I love my country, but I would aeeept of no ad- 
 vantage to my country through the medium of such a crime. I want no American aid if it 
 comes across "the Atlantic stained with negro blood, and from my soul I despise any govein- 
 ment, which, while it boasts of liberty, is guilty of slavery, ll.e greatest crime that can be 
 committed by humanity against humanity. The right to ficetlom liepends not on the hue 
 of the skin ; if it did," who shall decide" upon what hue is the favored one (hear, hear) 
 —seeing that all eves do not delight in the same colour^ No matier under what s] ecious 
 term it may disguise it.self, slavery is still hideous. It has a natural, an inevitable tendency 
 lo brutalize every noble faculty of man. Let not America iniagii:e that this boaftJjig of 
 liberty makes her name respected. No, for as the asscitiun of viitue is a prcof of hypo- 
 crisy, if the virtue be not practised, so the attempt to proclaim liberty heeomes blasphemous 
 when we see three millions of human beings stimulated and torn by the lash — the husband 
 separated from the wife, and fie children from the parents, and sent into distant and remote 
 plantations never more to beho.d the lace of a father or the smiles of a mother (hear, hear, 
 and loud cheering.] And vet those who are ready to uphold that systri.i ;.ie the people that 
 dare talk to me of liberty. "* ♦ ♦ * We tell them fiom this spot th;.t tliey em have us— 
 that the throne of Victoria can be made perfectly secure — the hoeor ol liie Briti.sh Empire 
 maintained, and the American Eagle, in its highest pride, brought dow n. Let th'^m but 
 conciliate us and do us ju.stiee, and they will have us enlisted under the banner of Victoria — 
 let them but give us the Parliament in College-jiieen, and Oregon shall be theirs pnd Texas 
 shall be harmless (cheers). While England was not threatened by America, as long as she 
 was in a state to compel submission, so long we heard nut a word of conciliating Ireland ^ 
 
hy. . 
 
 274 
 
 NEORO VOTINO AND PATllIOTISM. BUMNER^ND UPSHUR. 
 
 ■11 ''. ■' ■ 
 
 ■ill. 
 
 !'r-v^--''':v> 
 
 
 ir.'-^ ■';' 
 
 i^ '■■■•■■•: 
 
 I; 
 
 .'.i' ".-, 
 
 • ■ -t. ■ .■ -f 
 
 bm the moment the Oregon territory became a bone of contention, that war was threatened 
 and that there appearetl no solution but the sword for the tangled web of affairs, then is Ire! 
 land recollected, then concessions are spoken of (cheers.) 1 repeat, when they want us they 
 shall have us (continued cheers.) I have lelt it my dmy to otfer these remarks, again to 
 pronounce my detestation of human slavery, and my a.ssurance to Englanu that she cannot 
 obtain us by ;>w/«n«a concessions, that she can however obtain the beating heart and the 
 ready hand of Ireland, but she mast pay the price that all rational men will assent to, libenv 
 and justice, (great cheering.)" 
 
 I apprehend, that. In case of war, Ireland will be less in the way of Britain than the south- 
 erti slaves in that of their owners, who are already so terrified and unhappy that everythiti" 
 that can be done is done to keep the whiles in ignorance lesi the blacks also become ehiighu 
 ened. If not so, how is it that we find in North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, 
 &c., hundreds of thousands as uneducated as Hottentots 1 If such as they can vote lor slavery 
 over us and their blacks also, much as 1 dislike to see the suffrage extendeil h> any class who 
 are not educated, I shall vote for those delegates to the convention who are believed to be the 
 most willing to raise the oppressed African to the lull dignity of northern freeilom. There is 
 a risk, 1 admit, but it is on the honest side, and good may come out of it. Black men are as 
 kind-hearted, as skilful, as ingenious, as faithful, and as deserving of encouragement as 
 white men. When Charles Sumner of Boston, and R. W. l£merson were asked to lecture 
 before the New Bedford Lyceum, they refused because negioes were excluded from equal 
 rights. Sumner's refusal contained the following remarks : 
 
 " It is well known that the prejudice of color, which is akin to the stern and selfish spirit that 
 holds a fellow-man in slavery, is peculiar to our country. All will remember the two youths 
 of African blood, who gained the highest honors in the College at Paris in the winter of IfW, 
 and dined the same day with the King of France, the descendant of St. Louis, and of Louis 
 the Great, at the palace of the Tuileries. In Paris, I have sat for weeks, at the School of 
 Law, on the same benches with colored persons, listeninsr, like myself, to the learned lectures 
 of Degerando, and of Rossi; nor do I remember observing in the tlirung of sensitive young 
 men by whom they were surroumled, any feeling toward them except of companionship and 
 respect. In Italy, at the Convent of Palozzuola, on the shores nf the Alban Lake, and un 
 the site of the ancient Alba Longa, I have seen for several days a native of Abyssinia, only 
 recently conducted from his torrid home, and ignorant of the language that was spoken 
 about him, yet mingling with the Franciscan Friars, whase guest he was, in delightful and 
 affectionate familiarity. In these examples maybe discerned the proper influence of the 
 '.! 'stian spirit." 
 
 i .ntend to support native Americans in their right to self-government, whatever be their 
 ■= 'lOr, although some of them were a little too bitter against Europeans who live Jiere. The 
 conduct of colored people in Canada, and a careful perusal of the reports from the British 
 West Indies, which show the good results that have arisen from educating, liberating, and 
 ^rusting the blacks, have fortified me in this resolution. A colored man, who had been in the 
 state's prison, committed a ftnv days since a drccidful murder in this state. Had he lx;en cared 
 for in youth, educated, treated as a fellow creature, and not degraded, such a crime would 
 have been terrible to him, even to think of The English speak in higli terms of some ol 
 their black troops. Washington confided inarmed negroes; so did Jackson, and he gave 
 them very high praise too ; Hammond says that General Root and Colonel Young, " during 
 the most perilous period of the late war," voted lor a law for raising a regiment of blacks. 
 Why then hinder tnem from voting ■? 
 
 How do wc know that 1 
 
 Because they are not so well informed as the whites! 
 And if we did know it, shall the black man who cannot write be 
 
 driven from the noils, and whiles who have oppressed his race allowed to vote, though ecjuall 
 ignorant] On tne '>Jd '>!' August, 1814, the darkest days of the last war, the N. V. Evenin^, 
 Post, under the caption of " Patriotism of the Africans," says : " This morning, Ijetween 800 
 and 1000 of the hardy and patriotic sons of Africa, accompanied by a delightful band of music 
 and appropriate flags, crossed the ferry at Cattiarine slip, to work on the fortifications at 
 Brooklyn heights. These men, knowing the value of freedom, are anxious to defend it, and 
 too much praise cannot be bestowed on them for their voluntary exertions." How are their 
 race rewarded ■? Marc v proposed to crush abolition by penal enactments ; Congress spurns 
 petitions; Van Buren bad the Grampus stationed off New Haven, to clutch and deliver tu 
 mstant death in Cuba, the innocent negroes of the Amistead; and in Virginia, if free negroes 
 or their childrci, assemble at a .school to learn reading and writing, any justice may (lisniiM 
 them with iwc.Uy stripes on each scholar's back. Yet judge Upshur, the U. K. occVeiary of 
 State, in his vi'ill, made free his black slave, David Rich, with the following certificate of 
 character: " I recommend him in the strongest manner to the respect, esteem, and confidence 
 of any community in which he may happen to live. He has been my slave for twenty-four 
 years, during all which time he has been trusted to every extent, and in every respect. My 
 confidence in him has been unbounded ; his relation to myself and family has always been 
 such as to afford him daily opportunities to deceive and injure us, and yet he has never been 
 
 hcav( 
 your IK 
 
 "1 
 anothc 
 by whi 
 ington, 
 soul.tc 
 as a pr 
 lie of 
 cause, 
 nboliti 
 memo 
 hurribi 
 M. W 
 
 "Tl 
 terous 
 on the 
 the 
 nursec 
 peculi 
 pravci 
 endur 
 am! tl 
 trial, 
 than 
 
 AnI 
 
 dec la f 
 
 [the 
 
 cannl 
 
ID UPSHUR. 
 
 CHECKS ON VOTING. INDIAN FKIU.INCS. JKFI r.HSOX ON SLAVERY. 275 
 
 hat war was threatened, 
 L'bof affairs, then is Ire. 
 when ihey want us they 
 these remarks, again to 
 Englanu that she cannot 
 beating heart and the 
 lien will assent to, libenv 
 
 f Britain than the south- 
 unhappy that everything 
 cks also become ehlight. 
 ky, Tennessee, Virginia, 
 
 lliey can viue for slavery 
 xtentieii to any class who 
 lio are believed to be the 
 them freedom. There is 
 of it. Black men are as 
 
 g ol' encouragement as 
 on were asked to lecture 
 ere excluded from equal 
 
 stern and selfish spirit that 
 
 remember the two youihs 
 
 aris in the winter of IH3H, 
 
 )f St. Louis, and of Louis 
 
 r weeks, at the School of 
 
 t-lf, to the learned lectures 
 
 ihrung of sensitive young 
 
 pt of companionship and 
 
 f the Alban Lake, and un 
 
 ; native of Abyssinia, only 
 
 msunf^e that was spoken 
 
 . he was, in delightful and 
 
 le proper influence of the 
 
 ■rnmeiit, whatever be their 
 pcans who live liere. The 
 le reports from the British 
 
 educating, liberating, and 
 
 man, who had been in the 
 ; state. Had lie lx;en cared 
 raded, such a crime would 
 in higli terms of some ot 
 
 did Jackson, and he gave 
 .1 Colonel Young, " during 
 ling a regiment of blacks. 
 II informed as the whites ! 
 
 man who cannot write k 
 wed to vote, though ecjuall' 
 ist war, the N. Y. Evenin^ 
 riiis morning, between 800 
 
 a delightful band of music 
 urk on the fortifications at 
 e anxious to defend it, and 
 exertions." How are their 
 ictmenls ; Congress spurns 
 n, to clutch and deliver tu 
 
 ill Virginia, if free negroes 
 j^, any justice may dismiss 
 I'ur, the U. S. occretary of 
 he loUowing ccriificate of 
 lect, esteem, and confidence 
 a my slave for twenty-four 
 and in every respect. My 
 id family has always been 
 and yet he has never been 
 
 diiectc.l in any suriinis lanlt, r.or even in ; i, ii.i.'ntioni 1 brci.ch olil.eiierunniis ol Lis siaiii.n. 
 //,< lit II j^iii r ,.'; (_/ // /( i'/d iin'tr, /is iiiUur lij a, i.c (//'. ShUju, .tn, i nd liis ^el.^e (J' right i nd 
 [ii.i| rieiy cotici i"nil i-veu rcfi: ed. Ii is lUie ii. hi.- K n^ iii d li.ill liil >eivi(' s, ;.;a ;o il e M'n- 
 ccrc un.i stt!;i,iy .ri'/nasliij) w.iicti 1 bo, r in in. iii tiie u.iiiiter:ii_ led i.nd c^niiduiii ai iii citoiire 
 ol tue. ty-lbiir ycc.rs, I have never given, noi iuid (.'ccasiun to give l.im ;.n uiiilcaMint uord. 
 I I.mjw fiJ ni.Tii wi.ii has icwc Iniilis nr inure (.'.vcellLncics tlii n It." 
 
 Niipvilejn si.iii ol' '1 ouss; ini L'Ouveriuie ol !-t. Doihiiigu ; " 'I he 1 1; ck Ic; der possessed 
 ei;er;ry, CvUirrge, mu! g'cai sk.li." 'I liiriy-i\\\; eiliior- oi jul.iic jouiiii.ls in il.e West indies, 
 are iniiliiiti'.'s, !iul noi .n low ol the h'^'lshaurs liiere ire LliiCk. 
 
 Th" i.onvonii.iii 'ji' I8"Ji declared ilial ^ei.aiors uf N. V. nii;si be ficelnMofs, lui thct As- 
 seinlilviiien i;eed not le. li tv^o M-];iiLle lioii>cs are iei,iiisii'.', os] ociLlly lor « ] j oin iiiei ts 
 :ii:d e.^:ec■uive liiisiiicss, why not iilmcc i. dislinciion, ar.d give us c.ii i.risiici;cj ol ii.iclltcl ! 
 'I'o do this, ji is i.;i:»- i ec:.>'A''»y to | luvu'e U.i.i m ne shi.ll vole tLr C o\e'i,i.r r\ d fc.'cnaie Viho 
 cai iKt roid ai.ii V. rile, ic; ;\ ing tl.c A.-mit 1 '\, k.v. ; s t.t j 'tscr.t. 'i his wci hi le .', ic] 1 1 licrn 
 cl.cc.v I.K' lie true >uH. 'Wl,)- ^Loi.ld Lite clns.- i.mui g i;s iiy to cm: r.j^c ti e .nci; n, rnciher 
 Uio negri), ,;ii nlier tiic catlioilc, ;.nd ainjiher the Luruiej^n einig''; n's i is r.oi L,\ir si-eigili in 
 union ; Beiit-r i!p' inoiunry oi' ancieii kinuiioss tlian ol ;,i:cieni fraud end di ceit. Mr. An- 
 derson of 'ieniicssoe, in Soniite, .i;m. 8, Ib'll, told of liie eficcis of Butler, Van Luren,Cass, 
 and Jr.cksoii's Indian diplomacy, with the Creeks and Cherokees, whose memorials Congress 
 cuniemned. He said: 
 
 "Pence! Peace! Security with the Indinn ! It is but a dream! He but reposes for a 
 season in the enjoyment of ")'our favors until that day shall arrive when he flushes with the 
 hope of blood ;-.nd revenge. Tiie recollection of the injuries yon have inflicted; the lands 
 you hfive taken, the wounded pride you have huinhled, the very tribute under which you have 
 placed him, keeps the fire of hatred unquer.chcd, and fiercely liiining in his bosom ! He will 
 receive your gilts, extend his, hand for your annuities, but instead ol lurnii.g liis face upon the 
 bleak passes ol the Rockv Mountains', and descending upon (he coast of California, lie will 
 patiently await the period' when events, guided by the potent hrnd of his old ally, shall call 
 him to the war-path r.nd the battle field, lie wi,l then remcmler, not your bounties, but your 
 (riuraph.«, and he will prepare, in a more formidable shape than at any former { eriod, lor uniting 
 his kindred tribes in one solid league again.st j-our frontier bretiireri." 
 
 Are we to make the negrors our deadly enemies also? Calhoun tells us (Jan. IS37), that 
 " A mysterious Providence has brought two races of men together into this country from diK 
 ferent parts of the earth; the Eurojenn to be the master, and the African the slave. Thfse 
 relations cannot be overthrown ; and every society founded on the principle oJ sfparating 
 them is acting on a basis of error." Polk lugged in Providence into his pro-slavery inau- 
 gural, Van Huron borrowed it for his epistles to Jesse, and even Calhoun condescends to insult 
 heaven by pretending that it is a parly to a daring violation of Christ's commandment to love 
 your neighbor as yourself! 
 
 " i never mean, unless some particular circumstances shall compel me to it, to possess 
 another slave by purchase, it being g^^among iny first wishes, ^'^ fj-io see some plan adopted 
 by which slnveiy in this country may be abolished by law." '1 htis wrote the gieat Wash- 
 ington, the father of his country, to Sir John Sinclair; and although the darling wish of his 
 soul, to remove the blot olslaveiy I'roin his beloved country, was not iulfilled, he lell his example, 
 as a precept to po.'-terity. The slaves of Geoige Washington were made Iree; and the man- 
 tle of Elijah may have fallen on the chosen Elisha, whose power and energy in a glorious 
 cause, will yet give a universal reality to the declaration of independence, so that our great 
 abolition leader's prayers may have a speedy, peaceful, and glorious accomplishment. The 
 memorable conloinporary of Washington, Thomas Jefierson, felt the same detestation of this 
 horrible system; and, having beheld its effects, from his youth upward, stated in a letter to 
 M. Waie'ville, Paris, February, 1788, that 
 
 "The whole commerce between Master and Slave is a perpetual exerci.se of the most bois- 
 terous passions ; the most unremitting despotism on the one part and degrading submission 
 on the other. The parent storms, the child looks on, catches the lineaments of wrath, puts on 
 the same- airs in the circle of sinallor slaves, gives loo.-e to his worst passioas, and thus 
 nursed, educated and daily exercised in tyranny, cannot but be stamped by it with odious 
 peculiarities. The man must he a prodigy who can retain his manners and morals unde- 
 praved by such circuinsi<inecs. 'What an incomprehensible machine is man ! Who can 
 endure toil, latnine, stripes, imprisonment, ami deaih itself, in vindictilion of his own liberty, 
 and the next moment be deal' to all those motives whose power supported him through his 
 trial, and inflict on his lellow men a bondage, one iiour of which is fraught with more misery 
 than ages of that which he rose in rebellion to oppose." 
 
 And when writing, in 1821, the memoir prefixed to his [Jefferson's] correspondence, he 
 declared, that " nothing is more certainly written in the book of fate, than that these people 
 [the slaves of the U. S.J are to be free ; nor is it more certain that the two races, equally free, 
 cannot live in the same government. Nature, habit, ipinion, have drawn indelible lijies of 
 
 %■ 
 
 M 
 
 ■'»{ 
 
 hi 
 
T^' 
 
 •t ' I, . 
 
 > , f h . 
 
 976 ILAVE OWNERS DE8CRTBIH0 SLAVBRY. THE CANADA REVOLT. 
 
 1 . ■ ■ 
 
 I 'i .:•-■- 
 
 
 jU 
 
 ll ■. 
 
 
 I' ^;';':; 
 
 ,. . * . 
 
 distinction between them." He [an abolitionist of 50 years standing] adds his opinion, that if 
 gradual emancipation and deportation arc not resorted to, the terrible example of the deletion 
 of the Moors in Spain will be far exceeded here. He calls the slaves his "suffering 
 brethren," and invokes heaven for their deliverance. How justly and liberally the Methodist 
 clergy are acting in this matter, and what a nowerful impress did John Wesley niake of his 
 free spirit upon nis successors! John Randolph of Roanoke, said in his will, " I eive and 
 baqueath to all my slaves their free lorn, H^ heartily rc;.?ietting th;it I have ever been trie owner 
 of one.".F3 He {iequeathed SSOJJ, in trust, for the removal of his slaves to some other state, 
 to settle ihem there comlbrtably, Thomas Jeflerson R mdolph, in the legislature of Virginia^ 
 in 1832, declared that Virginia had been converted into 5j'"one grand menagerie, where 
 men are reared for the m:irket like oxen for the shambles."^:! The same gentleman thus 
 compared the Alrican with the Virginia, or domestic, shive trade: "0°The [Aliican] 
 53r trader receives the slave, a stranger in aspect, language, and manner, tiom the merchant 
 53p who wrought him from the interior. But here, sir, [in rBKE Virginia,] individuals whom 
 J3* the m.ister has known from infancy — whom he has seen sporting in the innocent gam- 
 f;^ bols of childhood— who have been accustomed to look to him for protection, he te.irs from 
 J3r the mother's arms, and sells into a strange country, among a strange people, subject to 
 Jj" cruel taskmasters. In my opinion it is much worse." In the same session, Mr. Moore 
 declared that slavery was destroying morality and virtue in the commonwealth — that the de- 
 sire of freedom being the inevitable consequence of intelligence, the owners of slaves, from 
 policy, kept them in profound ignorance — that such ignorance prevented the slave from 
 judging between right an I wrong, and brought into action all the vicious projiensities of op- 
 pressed human nature — that the slave looked on the whites as leagued in mflicting the many 
 wrongs endured by his race, and thus became revengeful — that " the indiscriminate inter- 
 course of the sexes," among the slaves was very demoralizing — that at no distant day slavery 
 would "end in a servile war which would continue till the land was red with human blood, 
 and either the whites or the blacks wholly exterminated" — and "that this war would be com- 
 menced the moment the blacks should become so numerous as to give rise to a hope that 
 they could burst the bands that bound them to the soil. The Presbyterian Synod of Kcntuck7 
 thus officially describes slavery, as it is daily passing under their eyes: "This system li- 
 censes and produces great cruelty. Mangling, impri.sonment, starvation, every sjwcies of 
 torture may be inflicted upon the slave and he has no redress. There arc now in our whole 
 land two millions of human beings, exposed, defenceless, to every insult and every injury 
 short of maiming or death, which their fellow men may chooss to inflict. They suffer all that 
 can be inflicted by wanton caprice, by grasping avarice, by brutal lust, hy malignant spite, 
 and by insane anger. Their happiness is the sport of every whim, and the prey of every 
 passion that may, occasionally, or liabitunl'y, infest the master's bosom. If we could calcu- 
 late the amount of woe endured by ill-treated slaves, it wonkl overwhelm every compassion- 
 ate heart — it would move even the obdurate to sympathy." By the Texas constitution, a!l 
 flree blacks are to be banished for the crime of not being bondsmen. On the 12th of Februni^-, 
 1837, the H. of R. of our free Congress, voted " that shives do not possess the right of petition 
 secured to the people by the U. S. constitution ;" thus denying millions of poor, oppressed 
 wretches a right which from int'incy to old age is given by the Goil of i-lcaven to the poorest 
 of his creatures, the right of the sufferer, in his pain, to entrent for succor and aid from the 
 hand of wisdom, justice, and mercy. Millions of poor slaves arc represented by pretended 
 southern friends on the floor of Congress — this slave rc|iresenlation gives pie-iclenls to the 
 republic, controls its patronage, protects southern onpression by its power over the army and 
 navy, bargains with northern cupidity to degrade free iri-^iitntions, and make 'hem a mock- 
 ery and a reproach throughout liurope. it co;urncteil with, hired, and duly pral as a gilded 
 puppet, that "northern m:in with southern principles," Martin Van Bureii. 
 
 I earneitly desired to see Canada free from British piwer, in 1H3H. Had m\' wishes been 
 fulfilled she would now have teen ruled by the Polks and the Marcys, the Houstons and the 
 Cambrelengs, the South Carolina and Virginia slave bired.'rs and slave owners, the union 
 of Tammany Hall stock and office brolcers, with Mississippi bl.-cklegsand Tennessee ■.mtrintf; 
 while the poor slaves whom they would tear from the arms of liberty at the farthest cornersof 
 the earth, would have had their chains again riveted. Few were more ardent than myself in 
 their wishes that " Van Buren and freedom " might be successful in 1H3(». I have since found 
 out iJiat there may b3 more faithful mirrors of his democracy found than Holl; nd's Life, and 
 should be sorry to see the freeman's arm lifted against C; nada while the power of the repub- 
 lic in the south is wielded by hypocrisy, and the avarice of dealers in human fljsh ministered 
 to, in order that both whites and blacks may remain in degraded ignorance. 
 
 " Ah ! little th>>ii|!lit 1 when In yiuuli'i wiinii honr, alowln); indiL'nnnt iit tynnnlr fiowcr, 
 1 turned In fincy tci th it hii|'t>y iHntI, whoju mi iler litivs victiiriiuM pitridis jilimned, 
 Thiit I shiiulil ever .^ee h rviiinn there, where ihirk npiiression urfie.t ii> ilespnir; 
 And treeduni'it ulmiiiir, anil the netiro's crie'', in wUilest dlssiiiiiiiicc ciiMiiiiiiijiliiiK rise." 
 
 Three weeks after Congress had resolved that the injured African was unworthy and unfit 
 to be listened to, il'he complained of oppression— and near to the time at which Judge Law* 
 
 becoming 
 
 " ' I do 
 States, an 
 United 
 self, wher 
 most audi 
 the press, 
 to design 
 since ind 
 brutality 
 victims i 
 deserved 
 decorous 
 pro-slav( 
 regard o 
 This is 
 paper, it 
 Question 
 tne cond 
 sbockinj 
 
Ida revolt. 
 
 !dd» his opinion, that If 
 xamplo ol" the deletion 
 .slaves his " mffering 
 liberally the Methodist 
 |ri Wesley make of his 
 his will, " I give and 
 a ve ever been the owner 
 'vcs ti) some other state, 
 lejjislatnre of Virginia^ 
 and iiicnaj:?eric, where 
 same gentleman thus 
 : "0=The [African] 
 ner, tiuin the merchant 
 nia,] iiulividuals whom 
 in the innocent gam- 
 Iprotcction, he te.irs from 
 angc people, subject to 
 me session, Mr. Moore 
 non wealth — that the de- 
 owners of slaves, from 
 evented the .slave from 
 ;ious propensities of op- 
 d in mflicting the many 
 Ire indiscriminate inter- 
 at no dista nt day slavery 
 red with human blooa, 
 this war would be com- 
 ) give ri.se to a hope that 
 ;rian Synod of Kentuck7 
 eyes: "This system U- 
 vation, every .sj)ecies of 
 c arc now in our whole 
 insult and every injury 
 nict. They suffer all that 
 ust, by malignant spite, 
 , and the prey of every 
 om. If we could calcu- 
 helm every compassion- 
 s Te.xas constitution, all 
 On the I'ithof Februnr}', 
 issess the right of petition 
 llions of poor, oppressed 
 of Heaven to the poorest 
 ■uccor and aid from the 
 represented by pretended 
 1 gives pre-idents to the 
 nver over the army and 
 n.l make 'hem a mock- 
 id duly p;-,d as a gilded 
 Biiren. 
 
 . Had mv wishes been 
 's, the Iloustons and the 
 slave owners, the union 
 sand Tennessee ■laliinlf; 
 nt the farlhe>t corners of 
 re ardent than myself in 
 1830. I have since found 
 than Holl; nd's Life, and 
 ; the power of the repnb- 
 1 human flj.sh ministered 
 orance. 
 
 It tynniilc i»ower, 
 lots |iliinneil, 
 lespHir ; 
 iiiiiii)!llrip rise." 
 
 was unworthy and unfit 
 le at which Judge Law. 
 
 VAN bttren's defence of slavery and mob violence. 
 
 277 
 
 ;e«j advised a Missouri grand jury not even to notice the atrocious facts, that Mcintosh, a black 
 3ian, had been dragged from prison, chained to a trei', ami consumjil near St. Louis bv aslow fire, 
 not by a few liends.but in pre^cucc ofan assem':leil iiei'^jlihorliDDil— d; Martin Van feuren come 
 lorlh, on the 3d of Manli, 1837, to take a solemn o.iili toprotrct anddel'end, asihe cliicf of the 
 republic, the star-spangled banner, the flag of the free. (J, what a mockery ol' heaven that 
 «as! Polk's more recent ministrations, as the hii'li priest of Te.van tortures, were decent and 
 becoming when compared to Van tiiiren's. 
 
 " It would seem, (says William Leggelt)lhat we have elevated Mr. Van Buren to the office 
 ofPresidenllbr the mere piirpo.>e that he maybe siave-inustur-in-ciiief and a negro-overseer. 
 He pledged himself to exercise his veto power against anything which Congress might do 
 loward iJie abolition of slavery for the ne.vt four years, without even pretending that it was be- 
 yond the constitutional competency of that hui\y to act on the subjict. This threatened use 
 of the veto, by a man standing on the very ihieshoid of the executive olTice, is the most inde- 
 cent abase ol power, of which any American President was ever guihy." 
 
 "For Mr. Van Buren, standing on the ihreshoM of his adniinisiration to announce to the 
 TOrld that he will veto any bill which Congress may pass upon a particular subject, is as gross 
 a breach of public decorum, and as violent a stretch of his proper duties, as it would be for the 
 Supreme Court to pass a .solemn resolution, declaring that if Congress enacted such and such 
 alaw. they would pronounce it unconstitutional, and set it aside the moment ii should come be- 
 lore inera for adjudication." 
 
 "Virginia and Maryland may, in the meanwhile, [i.e. during V.B. 'si years,| abolish slavery, 
 leaving the District oi' Columbia, like a plague .spot, in iheir midst; but this will njut release 
 Mr. Van Buren from his pledge. He can never cimsciit to strike oil' the fetters of the slave in 
 die ten miles scjuare, placed by the Con.'^titiition under the exclusive conirol ol the federal gov- 
 ernment, until every state where slavery exists has accorded its approbation of the mea.sure." 
 'Mr. Van BurenV indecent haste to avow his predeterminations en the subject of slavery, 
 (continues Leggett,) has not even tiic merit of b()khies.s. It is made in a clinging spirit of 
 propitiation to the soiuh." Again, rage "291, Vol. 1 of Piaindealer: "We wish we could be 
 convinced that it [the inaugural acldres: ] is not a cautious, tiinid, time-serving document, 
 compo.sed at the instance of a cringing spirit, willing to propitiate the slaveholders at the 
 expense of justice and humanity." 
 
 The recent disgraceful riots in Lexington, Kentucky, the object of which was t'~ put down 
 freedom of discussion, anrl prevent the while pui)ulation from knowing what cou.d be said 
 against slavery, had very nearly ended in the muider of Cassius M. Clay, a relative of Henry 
 Clay, who had established the '"• True Ainei ican" there. 1 was thieatened, but not to the like 
 extent, when I exposed Van Buren's conleileraies in the Butler I'ami hiet. One of Morris's 
 post-office letter carriers went round vowing vengeance, and other otileials talked foolishly. 
 When the pamphlet reached Chariest. )n, the bojkseller to whom it was .sent feared to offer it 
 for sale, for Hj'there was a foot note somewheie in it against slavery. But the American peo- 
 ple love order: ihey showed that in the case of Morgan, and unless where instigated by such 
 lalse guides as Van Buren, all clas.ses glory in sustaining the laws of their coui.try. 
 
 Wa.shington and Jefferson have sincere disciples yet. Sou'e of these, in 183G and 1837, 
 lectured on behalf of the poor negroe-s, others published newspapers to in.struei the millions 
 about slavery. One editor was shot dead — several presses were trampled to the ground, and 
 burnings and violent riots had intimidated some very sincere Irieniis of equal rights. To the 
 astonishment of Leggett, Van Buren, in his inaugural, defended the guilty as a hired parti- an 
 would have done. In the Piaindealer of 1837, pages '22ti to '2'M), Leggett thus reproves him. 
 
 " 'I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the otfice of President of the United 
 States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, i nd defend the constitution of the 
 United States.' This was the momentous obligation Mr. Van Buren had taken upon him- 
 self, when we find him almost in the same breath, uttering words of semi-approval of the 
 most audacious and brutal conduct, having for its avowed object, to destroy the ficedom of 
 the press, and silence free discussion. . . . The violent outrages of ferocious ruffians he chose 
 to designate as mere outbreaks of 'popular indignation,' a phrase which implies approvtl, 
 since INDIGNATION couvcys the .sense of rigiitkols angkr. Not satisfied with describing the 
 brutality and fierc mess of the n. ^bs by so coinniendato! y a term, he alluded to the conduct of their 
 victims in language calculated to convey tiie ini[;ression that they fj'justly provoked, and fully 
 deserved their fate, deserved all sorts of indignities and injuries for exercising, tempcn tely and 
 decorously, the comnione.st privilege of freedom, the mere privilege of speech. . . .Alluding to the 
 pro-slavery mobs and riots in various parts of the coimlrv, he [Van Buren] says, ' a reckless dis- 
 regard of the consequences of their conduct has ex] o'ed ii.dividuals to popular indignetion.' 
 This is an admirable version of the matter. The issuing of a temperate ai.d decorous news- 
 paper, in which a question of great public inonient was gravely discussed, sho\ved beyond all 
 Question, a most ' reckless disregard for consetjuences,' deserving the harshest rebukes; and 
 tne conduct of the mob that broke up the press, demolished the hou'c which contained it, nl 
 ahockiogly maltreated the person of the editor, was merely n^a naiuial and justiOdblA 
 
 i'' 
 
273 CMVTOV, KINO, MARCY, VAN DURKN, jAY AND IRVING, IN 1830. 
 
 ti'-i--'v-. 
 
 1'' 
 
 
 I 
 
 ; ■ .■ 
 
 '.;• I . 
 
 %J 
 
 :«!t'-': 
 
 if. v^ ;.,::,:■,. 
 
 
 -i 1 1 ,it'' ji^i;) il;ir in li^'tiaiion."' Tli »<• ;ir" the opiniiins of Lf^^'I'i^ true Tamttianv 
 rat, j;i I iL" ..•.).i iiici iiu'l liiiix ia;,'e ol' Vuii I'lUivn, u prolunJjJ onj. Joshua Lijuviujj 
 
 " rii,' II -w .*i\.siJLMi aa> ,ie ivervl ;ii>. i:iauu;ural aJ.lr.'s.s, an 1 lakcn on him the oaih ani 
 
 rjspjiisiliiiilijs oi (j.iKv. In th' l\iC'- iil licavcn and i.Miili, thj PrcMclenl stands turih, avjii 
 
 oi lVvda:n, lae i););njn.:nl ol' cijiiaj rij^iii-, the dcloniiT ol slavery, ihu itian 
 
 mil pair.in ol mob**. Al).jui to aNbUine tiie 
 
 11. ■ -ai 
 
 aa> ie iver.vl 
 . In th' lac.' 
 
 eJiy, tlic« /n-Miy 
 
 dcr'v uilVijo.lo n'H Iriciuls, aiul itu liisiiij^alu 
 
 re- 1 
 
 in t;u' ^.fl ,j|' a pr>)iUN.>(i'dly iiej pco|iU', hj s-teps lorili, ^njl 
 u tlij onslavcU, '■ i.ijiiiiou-) lo uvcry mt^resi, thai ol human.l 
 
 It was ills bargain with the tj-rant<i of ihe| 
 
 sp jn>iuilui>> ol m.' hi^h -i o.lix- 
 iLvl.irj.N llie j.rjri tj givo ircjJo n 
 ity i.icluJel." 
 
 V.tn B lien did n.n this act from principle 
 so iih. il.' \va>; then d 'ic^Mtu, ilijii aijeiit, ihcir tiiied attorney — j.i->t as Fit^gibboii (Claie) 
 -Scj . (Oljnin .11), r"! inlce.i, and l\jior{.\'j Ini y), weic the cieaiiire.-* ol bad Knylish adminiMisl 
 lijn- iJi- ihj o,)p.tSMjn of Ireland. In LSI), ^vli..'n he tho.ighi that thetriendtoi I'leed.iui wo,|j 
 ti'i iinph, hj was tlu J Mdly loj ol' slave y's extension. VVhy 1 It \va» popular lo be su, ai,j 
 pj,).ila.it3- u-as ihj sieppi .jj-stoiie to powe-. On the '20.hol' January, IHiJ, the Senate uf 
 this state l-nvvimi ;si,v a^'iced with the Assembly in a iw;ol iiion dJclariuK, that, " IV/iereat 
 "I e iiMi't 11^ Ifin fiii-fir.r evl n^niiiif duccnj in C/icse Uii ted States, is a suhjeU of deep cotuern 
 "li Vie pc'pk of this Stulr ; an I w'urru.i, wc amsiiler slurcnj as an evil miuh to be depl/rred, ujui 
 "tiat rrerij coiiftiliU oiial harrier si'ulit be interposed to prevent Us further ex'.ensiim ; aiul ika 
 "t/ie Constilutiim of the United Slulcs d.'nily gives Cimgrcss the tigkt to reqiiire frovi nexo Mn 
 '^ not compr sed wiikin the onu:iiun hounlarirs of these United Stales the prohibition of sLmn 
 "as a condition of their a<hnissinn into the Union — Vierefore, Resolved, T/iat our Scnatorsi^ 
 " instru ted, and our R present-dives in Congress be rcque.'itcd, to oppose tke admission, as a stclt, 
 "into tie Union, if am (•^r'-itonj not eomprised as aforesaid, without making the prohibition ti 
 " slave rij therein an ind spensablc rondilw/i of admission." General Root was, in those Javs 
 an Ajax in fixx;dJin's army — De Witt Clinton was ultra in I'avor ol' spreading freedom ajij 
 not tyranny over America — and among the votes recorded for ihe above principles, and ij 
 opposition to slavery in Missouri, were those of Martin Van Burcn, Samuel Young, C. E, 
 D idley, Walter Bowne, Ro^'e^ Skinner, Livingston, Hammond, Hart, Barstow, Mallory, and 
 Dnytoti. Not coniented with voiinc^, Maicy and Van Baien wrote a pamphlet, aiid travelled 
 thro.igh the state, canvassing for Rtifus King, as the anti-slavery candidate lor the U. S. Sen- 
 ate, to be sent theie to oppose receiving Missouri as an extension of the area of the whip and 
 the tortaro. Let the reader look into Ritchie's files of Ihe Richmond Enquirer for the earlv 
 
 Start of 1820, and he will there see Polices confederate menacing Rufus King for his northern 
 anaticism, an 1 inveterate hostility to the 'peculiar institution.' On the IGth of November, 
 1819, says the Evening Post, a general meeting of the citizens, at least 2000 being preseni! 
 met in the City Hotel, New York, and " Resolved, that the existence of slavery in ihe 
 llnitcd States, being, in the opinion of this meeting, a great political as well as moral evil, 
 derogatory to the character ol the nation, dangerous to the safety of its inhabitants, and op- 
 posed to the benign spirit and principles of the Christian religion, they consider it the solemn 
 ility of the national government, presiding over a people piofcssing a high regard for fref 
 doiii and the just rights of men, to prevent, by all constitutional means, the further extension 
 of such an evil in the United States;" and that Jonathan Thompson, John T. Irving, Henn' 
 Rutgers, Walter Bowne, T. Addis Emmet, John Griscom, Abm. Bloodgood, Matthew Clark- 
 son, Archibald Gracie, George Newbold, kc, be a committee to check the progress of slaver;-, 
 &c. In their address, written by the brother of Washington Irving, speaking of Missouri, 
 they say, "It is no less a question, than whether, in this enlightened and philanthropic age, a 
 mighty empire of slaves shall be permitted to be formed on the soil and under the sanction of 
 republican America, and admitted into her Union ; or, whether that new empire is to be com- 
 posed of men who shall have a constitutional, as well as national, right 'to life, liberty, and 
 the pursuit of happiness;'" and fully maintained the humane doctrine, that Congress, after 
 1808, could have stopt a.t once the horrid barbarities, both of the African and domestic, or Vir- 
 ginian slave trade. Van Burcn and the Regency have since changed for the worse. 
 
 William Jay shows, in his " View cjf the Action of the FeJcMl Government," that the laws 
 against the slave-trade, were in a great measure nullified, because the slave power appointed 
 the oflicials. And when Van Bnren had been rejected in 1810, he concluded his message lo 
 " Congress thus : " I submit to your judgments whether this government, having been the first 
 " to prohibit, by adequate penalties, the slave-trade — the first to declare it piracy — should not be 
 " the first, also, to forbid to its citizens all trade with the slave factories on the coast of Africa; 
 " giving an exainiile to all nations in ihis respect, which, if fairly followed, cannot fail to pro- 
 "duce the most effective results in breaking up those dens of iniquity." This contrasts queerly 
 with his inaugural, and the affair of the Amistead ; and I would now ask Van Buren whether 
 the slave-breeding factories in Virginia, and the slave coasters she employs in the Texan 
 traffic ill flesh and blood, are less "dens of iniquity" than those of Africa"? "Is it more 
 wicked, more base, more cruel, to traffic in African savages [asks William Jay] than in 
 
«VINO, IN 1830. I VIROINfA NATIVKISm! V. B. ON CLDA. MEXICO, POLK AND m'laNE. 279 
 
 |L.'Sjf.'tt, a true Tainrtianv 
 Jl (.-nj. Jo-,liua Lcaviiijfl 
 
 |k.;n on him the oath andl 
 -idem .-.taiias tbrih, ;,vaiu 
 
 I'n.lor 01 slavery, itie .^lan.. 
 At).jui to a.ssuiiic the re-l 
 l'a),ilc, hj stops tbnh, ajijl 
 ly intjre»i, that ol human. 
 
 in with the tjTaitts uf ,1,5 
 j.i>i a.< Kit^^ibboi) (Claie) 
 I ul bad tiiiglish adminiMia. 
 [he I fiends 01 I'leedjiii wu ,|j 
 \ wax. |)iipnlar to be su, anj 
 tiiiary, IH2\ the Senate uf 
 djclariii^, that, " H'/ierea 
 /x a snhjeU of deep conun 
 U much to lie depLred, ani 
 further cxteimmi ; aiul ih^~ 
 kl to reiinire from new stual 
 M the prokihdion if sluvm 
 lived, T'lrU our Scnalms'M' 
 ose the admission, as a skit.} 
 I making the prokibitmi)i 
 a I Root was, in those davs 
 r oC spreading freedom aij 
 :ie above principles, and ij 
 ircn, Samuel Voung, C. E, 
 [lart, Barstow, Mallorv,aii(i 
 le a pamphlet, and travelled 
 candidate lor the U. S. Sen- 
 of the area of the whip and 
 lond Enquirer for the earlv 
 Liifu.s King for his northern 
 On the Itith of November 
 at least 2000 being present! 
 (xistence of slavery in ilie 
 tical as well as moral evil, 
 / of its inhabitants, and 0|> 
 , they consider it the solemn 
 ing a high regard for fiee- 
 neans, the further extension 
 son, John T. Irving, Henn 
 Bloodgood, Matthew Clark- 
 eck the progress of slavery. 
 ring, speaking of Missouri, 
 pd and philanthropic age, a 
 il and under the sanction of 
 it new empire is to be com- 
 1, right ' to life, liberty, and 
 )ctrine, that Congress, after 
 frican and domestic, or Vir- 
 ?ed for the worse, 
 jovcrnment," that the laws 
 ! the slave power appointed 
 le concluded his message to 
 ment, having been the first 
 ire it piracy— should not be 
 iries on the coast of Africa ; 
 allowed, cannot fail to pro 
 ity." This contrasts queerlv 
 w ask Van Buren whether 
 he employs in the Texan 
 ! of Africa 1 " Is it more 
 5ks William JayJ than in 
 
 ,i»*TiTf-boro Americans— in witiTB men, and women, and children— in the ofT^pring of our 
 own citizens, and not iinfrct|uenlly, of very disiin;,'iiislicd citizens'? Yet it is this abomina- 
 ble commerce that our f,'(jveMimc'ni fosters ami protL'cis." " i'he governm'.'nt of the U. y.," 
 Mid Van Buren to the Biilish minister, Feb. "Jn, iH3-2, "protects by reasonable laws, the 
 rights of the owner;' of that species o( property in the fstaies wliore it exist**, and permit* its 
 transfer coastwise from one of these States to another [ Virginia to Texas, for examjilej, un- 
 der suitable restrictions to pieveni the fraudulent intrudnciion w( foreign slaves." That is, to 
 secure to the home, or Virginia breeder, a sure monopoly of the detestable traffic! Texaa 
 bribed the southern slave-trader, by providing in her constitution to give the U. S. a mono- 
 poly of the supply ! ! ! 
 
 There are many persons who do not fully comprehend the reasons why Polk, Van Buren. 
 and others who have grown rich by abandoning the principles of seventy-six, went dead 
 against Adams, when he proposed commissions to the Panama Congress, and now lustily 
 advocate the opposite principle when they tear that their iion-inirrltrcnce policy may affect 
 Mexico. We will try to explain. In IW4G, Mexico and Columbia meditated the invasion 
 of Cuba, and intended to tfive the slaves there that freedom which they weie conterring on 
 their own. The slave-hoirling south was alarmed— the project was abandoned f.t the instance 
 of this Union — but it might be renowel, Accordingly the Van Buren, who, in 1820, had 
 instiucted Congress not to receive Missouri with slavery, addressed Cornelius P. Van Ness, 
 the U. S. minister at the Spanish court, Oct. 2'J, 16'2'J, bidding him urge on Spain to make 
 peace with the Southern republics of America lest they should aid in freeing Cuba from 
 slavery I "Considerations (said Van Buren) connected with a certain class of our popula- 
 tion, make it the interest of the .southern section of the Union that no attempt should ')e made 
 in that island [Cuba] to throw otl' the yoke of Spanish dependence; tlic first eflbct of which 
 would be f;^' the e.ma.vcipation of a numerous slave population, wliich result could not but 
 he very sensibly (elt upou the adjacent sliores of the United States." In the H. orf R. Mr. 
 Floyd of Va. said, '• I would rather take up arms to prevent than to accelerate such an occur- 
 rence" as freedom to Cuba; iind Van Buren, when writing to A. Butler, the U. S. agent in 
 Mexico, cautioned him to oppose " the baneful spirit [of emancipation] designed to be intro- 
 duced and propagated in the island of Cuba." 
 
 Van Buren's letter to Poinsett, Oct. Ki, 1829, freely admits that the people of Mexico were 
 lilled with prejudices of tiie most incurable character against tliat minister. He was accused 
 .)f "intermeddling in the domestic all'airsof the republic," of setting up a political sort of free- 
 masonry, of denouncing the established religion, and of being the enemy of the Mexican 
 people. Was it friendly, was it wise in Van Buren and Jackson to recall this man, when the 
 $ister republic would no longei endure his presence, and hastily promote him to the head of 
 the department of war 1 The state legislatures ol Mexico had expie.ssed an abhorrence of his 
 conduct, and insisted on his removal. Jackson recalled him when lie becaine iatolcrable to 
 Mexico, to exhibit, as Van Buren's secretary, his scheme of a 200,000 standing army, which 
 certainly was no help towards Van Buren'sreclection in 1810. 
 
 In Mr. Polk'.s message to Congress, Dec. 1815, he rebuked those European nations who 
 wanted, as he sain, to check the extension of the republic, thus : " The United States, sincerely 
 desirous of preserving relations of good understanding with all nations, ^j=cannot in silence, 
 permit anv ei-ropea.n lvterfkrence on the North American Continent ; and should any such 
 interference bi' attempted, will be ready to resi.st it at any and all iiAZARns..f3 j^Ex- 
 isiing rights of every European nation should be respected ; but il is due alike to our safety 
 and our interests, that the efficient protection of our laws should be extended over our whole 
 territorial limits, and that it should be distinctly announced to the world as our settled policy, 
 that no future European colony or dominion shall, with our consent, be planted or established 
 on any part of the North American continent.".^ 
 
 Here, Messrs. Polk and Marcy have dared any European jmwer to aid in placing a mon- 
 arch in Mexico on a constitutional throne, and negotiating a treaty with him, olTensive and 
 defensive, as this country did with France G8 years ago. How did they fal't twenty years 
 since? As to Marcy, look into the Argus. 
 
 In 1825, Messrs. Clay and Adams had proposed to send W, B. Rochester and others 
 to represent the U. States in a Congress (if .American republics at Panama. To this, in the 
 Senate, Van Buren led the opposition ; and the burden of his song, as usual, was, that it was 
 unconstitutional. " Wc are, (said Van Buren) at that Congress, to stipulate in .some form, 
 and I care not in what, that wc will resist any attempt at colonization by the powers of Europe, 
 in this hemisphere, or within our own borders, if you please ; and that, in the event of any in- 
 terference on their part, in the struggle iKJtwecn Spain and the Spanish American States, we 
 will make common cause with the latter in resisting it." Such a course be denounced [fee his 
 Life by Holland], and laid it down as a principle (p. 264), that if we confederate to maintam 
 governments like our own, by force of arms, we imitate the Holy Alliance of Europe ; and he 
 was " against all alliances, against all armed confederacies, or confederacies of any sort." 
 
 Thus much for Van Buren — now for Polk ; 
 
 In the house of Representatives, April, 182G, Louia McLane gave it as his view that in ex« 
 
Xr *..■■•. 
 
 
 
 '-'k 
 
 
 I.'-;''"' ■■'. 
 
 •'■V '■.;.■ 
 
 ';>.';':. 
 
 
 
 
 290 POTA', ALLRN, CASS, AND VAN BUREN's FOREIGN POUCY. 
 
 tending our commercial relations with fjreis^n nations, we should keep clear of entangling 
 alliances, an I i>i.)V'e;i a resolution, ns the "opinion ot" this house that the Government of the Um- 
 ted States irvj, lut D he represented at the Cons^reas of Panama, except in a diplomatic chi. ' 
 racier. n.>rouj,Mt they to torm anv alliance, otfjiisiveor defensive, or negotiate respecting such 
 alliance with all or any ot tlie South A:n:3rican rcpuljlics; nor oua/U Ikeij to Lecovie partkswuh 
 t'lem, oreit icr of tlwm, hi any piiU dedivntum for Ike purpose of preventing the interprence of any 
 of tie European pmncrs willi ikcir inilepcndencc or form of girveriivient, or to any compact fortlu 
 purp.ve of preventing colon iznlinn upon the continent cf America." 
 
 The demjcraiic party all voted fir McLane's resoliiiian ; and among the most decided friends 
 to McLane's principle, not to oppose European colonization in America, were found James K. 
 Polk", and his fjreign secretary, James Buchanan. Their votes are on record. 
 
 Mr. Folk's crcci was democratic then, and it is democratic now, and it was then just the 
 opposite of what it is now— and that is true, pure, unadulterated Van Buren democracy, 
 which like O'Qimtct's finger-post, or the city weathercoclc, may be turned any way you 
 please, or say yes and no in tlic same breath. In 182(3, iMr. Polk said, that by voting 
 for M'Lanc's resolve, we [the house] have deciareJ, that our policy, now as ever, is 
 neutrality; "that we will form no alliance with the South American repulilics;' nor shall 
 we " become parties with thorn, or cither of ihetn, to any joint declaration, for the pw. 
 pose of preventing the interterence of any of the European powers with their independ- 
 enc3 oi- Ic-.'n of government,' or ' to anv compact for the purpose of preventing coloniza- 
 tion on the continjiit of America.' Tli'ese arc sentiments, said Mr. Polk, Id which I most 
 he.irtily subscribe." No iloubt he did — hut Cuba might become free, and it was not then 
 fully resolved upon to have Cuba anue.ved, Texas apne.Kcd, California annexed, Mexico 
 annexed, all to the south, and with slavery in each of them. Missouri had got through 
 ■with ditficulty, aa a negro-importing state— and these American republics, for which Polk, 
 Buchanan, M'Lane, and Van Buren would do nothing were all a nti slavery, heretical, 
 not of ihe true church. Now, how.'vcr, wher die ' peculiar institution' is to be strength. 
 ened, O'Gimlet turns round, and Polk democracv, like Sir Francis Head to the Yankees, 
 soma nine years since, cr'es aloud, "Come if ye dare !" 
 
 La.st January, Senator AII'MI of Ohio, who, like Cass, understands electioneering in the 
 west, moved a strong resolve, in lavor of the Polk Van Buren democracy, and warning 
 the tblks in Europe lo loolv out for breakers, if they approached this coast with any more 
 of their colonies. Scnritor Cass sup|iorted Allen as a matter of course. If we go behind 
 Polk and Van Burcn's 'cilonize il' you please' principle of 182,;, we soon arrive at Mr, 
 Monroe's views. In his message of 1823, he declared ' that we should consider any attempt 
 en their [the powers of Eur;ijK''s] pirt, to extend their system [colonization or monarchy] to 
 any portion ol' this hemisphere, as dangerous to our peace." Was not this in strict accord- 
 ance with the viiws of A lams and Clay in 18-2(>, and of Polk now, though he opposed it 
 then ? I'he N. V. Sun t;i.)n Polk's latest view six months in advance of his me.ssage, and 
 so did its editor, Noah, in his oth^r paper, the Mes.scnger of June last. When Polk was 
 
 Sropjse.1 for Presidjiit, No:ih spoke of him with contempt, as a third rate sort of per-son ; but 
 lowih, Marcy, Webb and Polk go hand in hand now for " more slave territory. We cant 
 have too 'auch." 
 
 Mr. Guizot, minister of France, bv a late speech, and the French legislature by a vote, hav* 
 shown, that in case ol' war betue 'n England and this country, France would remain neutral. 
 unlejis some convulsion were to change the e.s.sencc of its government. Mr. Guizot is a friend 
 of eJucitiou, science, the continuance of pjace, and the mental and moral elevation of man, 
 
 The correspondence of the N;itional Intelligencer of Sept. 13, 183G, tells us, that "nota 
 solitary step his b en taken to meet the just expectations of the Mexican minister. iVlen 
 are openly recruited, armed, and mtirched througn our country, not (as in the ca.se of the En^:- 
 lish auxi'i.irics in Spaing to sustain the actual government of Mexico, but to aid a few thou- 
 sand Anuriean citizens and tidventurers trom Europe in making war against thpr. govern- 
 ment! Professions, therefore, are a mockery of the common sense of mankind." We have 
 seen that the Polk — Van Buren democracy had no sympathy with Mexico, Columbia, and the 
 S./Uth American republics, which really sought freedom — we have .seen Jack.son and Van 
 Buren intriguing in Spain to keep the yoke around the necks ofthe immense black population of 
 Cuba. So too in Canudi, .secret encouragement was given at first, and from Nov. G, when 
 the revolt broke out in and neir Montreal, to January, when the Caroline had been sent over 
 the Niagira Falls, Van Buren did nothing; but no .sooner was it made apparent that the 
 struggle might be a protiaeted one, or a failure, than Van Buren and Marcy were lound 
 among the persecutors i)f the poor exiles. On Nov. '21, 1838, Van Buren is.sued a proclama- 
 tion against tlie second Canada revolt, with a 
 
 "Where-is disturhanccs have nctuilly broken out anew in diflerent parts of the two 
 Canadas: And wheieis, a hostile invasion Ins b^en made by citizens ofthe United StitcSj 
 in conjunction with (J^jiindians, jind others, wh \ after forcibly .seizing upon tne property oi 
 their peaceful neighbor, f.r \)\i purposo of cfL'ctin;.^ t.heir unlawful designs, are now in arm* 
 
 VAN 
 
 jratnst the ; 
 citizens, and 
 iberefore, i I 
 every citizen 
 to thot^" who 
 guided or del 
 own country 
 without forei 
 hereby warn 
 whatever ma 
 terference of 
 every virtuoi 
 emment whc 
 Government, 
 
 Compare i 
 George, Louj 
 man, Morea 
 whom were i 
 Texan polic 
 tquare miles 
 eis, and, woi 
 purpose of p 
 proclamation 
 showed no g( 
 heartless, cc 
 never will be 
 
 Some year 
 to show that 
 ning writes t 
 has trod the s 
 meet at that 
 at the plougl 
 ment in life 
 in council, c 
 the whole e; 
 spised negrc 
 sponsible po 
 who tills tilt 
 
 Although 
 
 ing what is 
 
 the boiling 
 
 litionism, a 
 
 cipation wl: 
 
 Texan ann 
 
 on the ^"th 
 
 slave state, 
 
 that believi 
 
 been anxioi 
 
 annexation 
 
 their profes 
 
 secured thf 
 
 Polk migh 
 
 both secti') 
 
 prevented t 
 
 his profess 
 
 holders, an 
 
 a caucus v 
 
 Wright) b 
 
 doubt! I 
 
 Vache's ir 
 
 the govern 
 
 of their ot 
 
 troops, inl 
 
 rebels cas 
 
 the public 
 
 lie offered 
 
hi 
 
 i 
 
 M POLICY. 
 
 keep clear of entangling i 
 e Governmeni of the Unf. ! 
 cepi in :v dipltraatic cha. ; 
 negotiatt respecting such 
 lieij to become parlies with 1 
 ling Ihe interference of any 
 , or to any compact for Uin \ 
 
 ^ the most decided friends 
 ica, were found James K. 
 on record. 
 
 and it was then just the 
 
 V?»n Buren democracy, 
 
 be turned any way you 
 
 oik said, that by voting 
 
 policy, now as ever, is 
 
 c;-;n republics;' nor shall 
 
 declaration, for the pur. 
 
 ers with their indepeni 
 
 ; of preventing coloniza- 
 
 ^Fr. Polk, tD which I roost 
 
 free, and it was not then 
 
 lifornia annexed, Mexico 
 
 [issouri had got through 
 
 republics, for which Polk, 
 
 ill anti slavery, heretical, 
 
 itution' is to be strength. 
 
 cis Head to the Yankees, 
 
 ands electioneering in the 
 
 democracy, and warning 
 
 this coast with any more 
 
 course. If we go behind 
 
 J,!, wc soon arrive at Mr, 
 
 hunid consider any attempt 
 
 onization or monarchy] to 
 
 as not this in strict accoru- 
 
 now, thouf-'h he opposed it 
 
 vance of his message, and 
 
 me last. When Polk was 
 
 lird rate sort of person ; bm 
 
 slave territory. We can't 
 
 1 legislature by a vote, liav! 
 mce would remain neutral. 
 LMit. Mr. Guizot is a friend 
 nd moral elevation of man, 
 t, 183G, tells us, that "not a 
 ! Me.xican minister. Men 
 3t (as in the case of the En?- 
 xico, but to aid a few thou- 
 
 war against thr', govern- 
 e of mankind." We have 
 
 Mexico, Columbia, and the 
 lave .seen Jack.'ion and Van 
 i mmcnse black population of 
 St, and from Nov. G, when 
 Caroline had been sent over 
 s it made apparent that the 
 ren and Marcy were ibund 
 1 Buren issued a proclaraa- 
 
 diflerent parts of the two 
 itizens of the United Stitcs, 
 izing upon tne property of 
 1 deaigns, are now in ann» 
 
 VAN iiUREN AND CANADA. YOUNG AND CALHOL'N ON SLAVERY. 281 
 
 aealnst the authorities of Canada, in perfect di.sregard of their ovm obligations cs American 
 citizens, and of the obligations of the Go vernm.'ni of the couiiiry to foreiyn u;aions: Now, 
 therefore, 1 have thought it necessary and projier to issue this proclamation, caUiug upon 
 every citizen of the United States neither to give countenance iwrtncournfiaiajt of any kind 
 lothoi<<" who have thus tbrfeited their claim to the proiection oi t.ieircouiUiy , upon lho^e mis- 
 guided or deluded persons who are engaged in thein to t.lK.n.lou jrojccis cLngerous to their 
 own country, fatal to those whom they prol&ss a de-sire to relieve, iinpi\.ct;c<.bie of execution 
 
 without foreign aid, which they cannot rationally e.'cpect to obtain, &c And I 
 
 hereby warn all thase who have engaged in th'c^e criinin. 1 catcrpl■i^e'=, if persisted in, th, t, 
 whatever may be the condition to whicn they may be reduced, they mua not e.vpvci tiic in- 
 terference of this government, in any form, on their 1h;Ii: If; br.t will be Iclt lepioiiChed by 
 every virtuous fellow-citizen, to be dealt with according to the policy ;;n.l justice oi ihi.i Gov- 
 ernment who.se dominions they have, in defi nee lU'the known wishes and crfoiis of their own 
 Government, and without the shadow of justification or c.-ccuse, nefariously invaded." 
 
 Compare this proclamation ag;iinsl the comrades of Von Shoiiltze, Woodruffe, Abbev, 
 George, Lount, M..tthew.s, Cardinal, Buckley, Chevalier, Dauu:,is, Doane, Duqueie, lionsn- 
 man, Moreau, Le;.ch, Lynde, Peeler, Perley, Phelps, the banguineiles, an'l iiweie, all of 
 whom were cruelly put to death in cold bloJd, with Jcclc^on and Van Buren's Mexican and 
 Texan policy, where tlie object was to cover by a pretended revolt the robbery of 400^000 
 square miles of God's heritage, that it might yield gain to idle, covetous, heartless slave deal- 
 ers, and, worse still, enable them to control the government ot this glorious republic for the 
 purpose of perpetuating the most cruel scourge that can desolate ihe lamiiy ol inan. This 
 proclamation encouraged the convict-driver ol Van Diemiurs laud to ledoublc hi* cruelties — it 
 showed no generous leeling for the injured. How could ill Tuere is rot on earth a more 
 heartless, cold, calculatiDg eneiry of free instiiuiions than M. V. Buren — there perhaps 
 never will be. 
 
 Some years ago, Mr. Calhoun offered a rcpoit on the U, S. mail in which an effirt is made 
 to show that northern laborers are but little better olF than negio slaves. In reply, Dr. Ch&o- 
 ning writes to Mr. Clay, thus : " Is it possible that such reasonings escaped trom a man who 
 has trod the .soil of New England, and was educated at one of her colleges 1 Whom did he 
 meet at that college 1 The sons of her laborers, yoinig me.i, whose hiinds had been hardened 
 at the plough. Does he not know, that the families ol laborers have 'urnislicd every depart- 
 ment in life among us with illustrious men, have furnished our heroes in war. our statC'-men 
 in council, our orators in the pulpit and at the bar, our merchants whose enterprises embrace 
 the whole earth? What ! the laborer of the free state a slave, and to be ranked witli the de- 
 spised negro, whom the lash drives to toil, and whose ■ eirest ri;;hts are at the mercy ot irre- 
 sponsible power! If there be a firm independent ^pirit on et.nh, it is to be found in the man, 
 who tills the field of the free stales, and moistens them with the sweat of his brow." 
 
 Although, in a report by Col. Young, in 183!), adverse to anti-slavery politics, and sustain- 
 ing what is called tne Aiherton gag in Congress, ho spoke strongly against what he called 
 the boiling cauldion of abolitionism, its misguided fury and fciocious spirit, inebiiated abo- 
 litionisin, anti-ma.sonic and abolition pnrenzies, and the' hopelessness of southern slave eman- 
 cipation while northern agitation continues, yet it wol'IJ seem that he is nrmly opposed to 
 Texan annexation, with .slavery as her dower. In a ducussion in the Senate of New Yoik 
 on the 27th of January last. Col. Young sai'! he was opposed to the admNsion of Texas as a 
 slave state, and that Governor Wright" had said he was opposed to it. Mr. Hard remarked, 
 that believing Col. Yo uig to be ni^aiiist that wicked measure, he and his whig fiiends had 
 been anxious for his return to the U. a. Senate (in place of Dixj, as tJiat would have prevented 
 annexation. That had Governor Wright, and his pxuUar Jnau/s, been hone.-t and sincere in 
 their professions of liostility to it, ^■oung might have bcch returned — that they could have 
 secured that result— but that Wright had so managed that the /(/r/t/.tv.v got both senators ^that 
 Polk might carry anne-vation), and Benton {kvnkcr) had been put in Young's oltict;. 'i'hat 
 ■ both sections of the democracy had sujjported Wright, who had h; J it in his power to have 
 prevented the spread of slavery by securing the election of ^'oung, but that, had he acted up to 
 nis professions, it might have '.liwd in his way to the presidency, in the minds of the slave- 
 holders, and that he had interfered to the contrary, and sent a message to his friends to prevent 
 a caucus which wo ild have carried it into eilect. Mr. Beers said that it was considered (by 
 Wright) bad policy to send a .senator to Washington opposed to the Texas measure. No 
 doubt! React Van Buren's annexation letter, and say ii he is reallv opposed to it. Rend 
 Vache's invitation to Van Buren to attend the ball of the " kindred spirits determined to sustain 
 the government in it:; claim to the Tk.kas and Oregon territories,' and his answer, approving 
 of their object — and remember, that while old Spain, in 1820, occupied Tampico, with 4,000 
 troops, intent on rcdticing Mexico, Van Buren was then in the marktt ofllring the Mexican 
 rebels cash for Texas. Again, on 2d of Sept, last, we find him addressing J. U, Kellogg, lor 
 the public eye, from Lindenwald, and a-.ssuriiig him that he considers every obstacle the t may 
 be offered to the completion of the Texas spoliation " unwise and higlily incxjjedient/' and that 
 
 
 
 
 \m} 
 
GREELEY ON FLORIDA. CANADA IN 1837. 
 
 -i' 
 
 ,,' 
 
 
 (■.■•'• 
 
 •L- -;::■ 
 
 I 
 
 ■ "vC ■; . 
 
 • 4 ' , _ 
 
 
 ■ I'.''' ■.. V 
 
 if these states should be involved in war with Mexico in consequence of annexation, he (Van 
 Buren) cannot doubt but that Polk would be supported " by the hearts and hands of the whole 
 people." All this might have been looked for from the man, who, in the teeth of the constim. 
 tional provision, that Congress may make all needful laws for the territory of the Union, 
 a&sured North Carolina, when seeking a re-election, that Governor Dodge's slaveholding ij i 
 Wisconsin, and Judge Doty's in Iowa, was legal, and could not be interfered witli! Intoxicat- 
 ing liquors, slavery, covetousness of other men's lands, what curses they are ! Florida wis 
 bought for six millions to please slaveholders, and is now a slave state. We had an Indian 
 war there, to protect slavery — "n, war [says Horace Greeley] provoked and commenced by our | 
 people, originating in land-stealing, abominable frauds and slavery, and which we steadily re- 
 fused to terminate on any terms which did not require the utter expulsion of the Seminole? I 
 from the territory. The reason lor this was the proved impossibility of cherislung Slavery in 
 the neighborhood of Indians, as the negroes ran away to the Indians and were harbored by 
 them. So we drove the savages to desperation, pursued them tlu'ough the swamps and ever- 
 glades, shot some of tlicir women and children, and starved many more, until we compelled 
 the remnant to submit to exile. The cost of these various wars and purchases to tlie people of 
 the United States has not been one farthing short of fifty millions of aollars over and above all 
 they have received for Florida lands, to say nothing of very many valuable lives." 
 
 ON 
 
 CANADIAN ANx\EXATION AND INSURRECTION. 
 
 '' k. 
 
 km 
 
 ^iJv; 
 
 
 •!• ', I: •'. 
 
 TVie Canadian l^isunection in 1837 and 1838. — It injured Van tiiucii atid his Friends. — Drink 
 erhoff, John Adam!., Pranklin, lilccckcr, Randolyh, Pitkin, Fchix Grundy, President. Monm. 
 Cal/umn, Hull, Smyt^, Southtcick, Macon, Widgcry, WclL-i, Clay, Ritchie, and the North 
 American Revdevj, mi Canadian Annexation. — Parncll on Canadian Imlcpcndcnce. — Endk 
 Desha, Sioartxecnd, and Wlicaton, on tnkinf; Canada. — Were the Canadians jitstjicd in resid- 
 ing in 1837 a7id 1838 ? — A brief reply. — Lord Dwrham's Report on tluit qwstion. — His ajjl'ut- 
 ing details of Colonial Oppression. — I^rd Goderich's reply to my threat of Revolt. — Sir F. B. 
 Head. — Durham harshly treated for telling vnpleasant truths. — Would Uic Conqncst of Camic 
 he an easy task, and Might it to he atkvipttd ? — Error of the. Mew of 1837. — Letter, Col. W. E 
 Moore. — Letter, General G. M. Keim. — Letter, Geo. Dawson. — L<c/fe;-, Col. R. M. Johnson. 
 
 The insurrections, in the Canadas, in 1837 and 1838, and the movement in Maine, in 1839, 
 afTected very unfavorably the foundations of Van Buren's power; and, if it were essentially 
 necessary, I think I might produce conclusive proof, that, by exciting the suspicion of the 
 .slaveholding south, and the indignation of vast multitudes in the free north, ea.st, and west, 
 his management of public affairs, connected with or arising out of these insurrections and 
 frontier movements, were, independent of the question of the currency, most embarrassing to 
 his administration, and, in 1840, the cause of his political failure. 
 
 There must have been powerful causes at work, to turn a majority of 26,000 for Van Buren, 
 in 1836, into a minority of 146,000 in 1840, to induce New York to set aside a president Iwni 
 on the banks of thu "Hudson, in 1840, by a majority of 13,000, in order to piace in his 
 stead a native Virginian, after having given her suffrage for the former, in 1830, by a 
 majority exceeding 28,000, to induce every nnrthern frontier conntv, without a single excei)- 
 tion, to' cry out, in Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermani, 
 New Hampshire and Maine, in 1840, " Away, away, with Van Buren !" while Georjfia, 
 North Carolina, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Mississippi, in the south, hetrayerl by tlinir 
 votes equal impatience. Endorsed by Andrew Jackson, endowed by nature with great 
 ability for intrigue, ever ready to contract with the leaders for the subservience of their 
 followers, an experienced, ambitious and unprincipled politician, pos.'jes.sed of power for 
 twelve long years, with presses and proflifntes at comm;!nil, the national revenues in 
 the hands of his chosen panizans, uud 60,000 oilices, besides va«t contracts at his control. 
 
ml. 
 
 ;e of annexation, he (Van 
 ts and hands of the whole 
 1 the teeth of the constim. 
 e territory of the Union 
 Dodge's slaveholding ijj 
 terfered with ! Intoxicat- 
 s they are ! Florida wis 
 state. We had an Indian 
 ed and commenced by our 
 and which we steadily re. 
 xpulsion of the Seminoles 
 : of cherisliing Slavery in 
 ins and were harbored by 
 gh the swamps and ever- 
 more, until we compelled 
 purchases to tlie people of 
 dollars over and above all 
 aluable lives." 
 
 SURRECTION. 
 
 en and his Friends. — Drink 
 Grundy, President- Monm. 
 'ay, Ritchie, and the Norik 
 iian Lukpeniknce. — Eustis. 
 'Canadians just [ficd in resist- 
 >w l/uit qtustion. — His ajJlkU 
 hreat of RcvoU.—Sir F. D. 
 ould tlw Conquest of Canatlc 
 >f \mi.— Letter, Col. W. E 
 •tier, Col. R. M. Johnson. 
 
 ovement in Maine, in 183D, 
 and, if it were essentially 
 
 liting the suspicion of the 
 free north, ea.st, and wesi, 
 
 of these insurrections and 
 
 ncy, most embarrassing to 
 
 ty of 26,000 for Van Biiren, 
 set a.side a president Iwru 
 », in order to piace in his 
 the former, in 183(1, by a 
 itv, without a single CYcep 
 ima. New York, Vemunt, 
 ti Buren !" while Geoisjia, 
 ! south, betraycf! by tlifir 
 vcd by nature with j,'rcnt 
 the subservience of their 
 1, posses-sed of power tor 
 the national revenues in 
 si contracts at his contiol. 
 
 VAN BUREN IN 1840. OPINIONS ON THE CANADAS. 
 
 283 
 
 This was his position when he was defeated by General Harrison, who had no official 
 patronage at all in his gift, and no other othee in his possession but that of clerk of a 
 law court in Hamilton county, Ohio. Harrison's civil and military qualities and charac- 
 ler were as well known, and remembered, in 18M(I, wben he received but 73 electoral voles 
 out of 294, as in 1840, when he obtained 171, but Van Burcn'.s reputation had deluded mul- 
 titudes in 183G, who, in 1840, know him by his works, liven in 1810, alter having con- 
 demned him in many things, I, bring ignorant of iiiii''-!'jntlis of his early history, believed 
 that much that appeared inexplicable would at length li' cleared up, and those who had in- 
 initely better means of knowing, assured me that such would be tlu! rase. Colonel Johnson, 
 whose generous heart prompts him to favor freedom, endorsed Van Buren in the most 
 empl atic terms. Disliking Van Buren personally, owing him no favor, a siiflei-er by his 
 partiality and injustice, poor but at heart independent, 1 supported hiui in 1840, while I de- 
 nounced, through the press, that extension of .slavery's honors, of wliicli it is now evident to 
 all that he was the willing instrument of the south, to carry it into ellect. Calhoun did in- 
 deed kill him with kindness. Virginia voted tor the New Yorker, and New York tor the Vir- 
 ginian; and besides Virginia, Van Buren got 25 votes from the slave slate.';, including eleven 
 from Calhoun and M'Dulhe for S. Carolina, and from the free states just twelve, in the 
 place of 140 only four years before ! His Mexican and Canadian policy, the praflig;icy of 
 his expenditures, the wide-spread distress and ruin caused by the blow up ot' his banking and 
 financial schemes, his cringing course toward Uie slave power, tlie coirupt and di.shonest 
 agents he emp/nyed, his doulile-fdced game with tbe tai itl', throu^^'ii lloyt, Butler and others, 
 and the want of syiiipathy and respect which he and his friends manifested for real demo- 
 cracy and free instituii(ms; these, added to his militia law scheme, and the bad reputation he 
 had with those who had known him long and well, crushed him to the ground. It he has the 
 materials to show to the world, that one solitary aspiration for the weltare of the millions, who 
 had raised him to high honor among men, ever came from his sclli:<h and sordid roul, it is 
 lime that he took a thousand piastres from his hoarded stores, and employed some other than 
 Benjamin Franklin Butler to revise Holland's romance for a more authentic record of his 
 doings. I thought well of him and his while I dared to do so ; and if here 1 have said any- 
 thing in error to his prejudice would, for the honor of human nature, and of the institutions of 
 a people placed as the vanguard of rational freedom, most gladly admit it. 
 
 During the discussion, in Congress, of the resolve to notify England that the joint occu- 
 pancy of Oregon must soon cease, Mr. Brinkerhoti^ remarked, that it had been .s.^iid, and he 
 relieved it, that the battle for Oregon, if it came at all. must be fought in Canada, and " he 
 was glad that Britain had an as.sailable point here, where we wouid reach hei with effect. 
 Take Canada, and Oregon would fall into our hands as a matter of course," There is much 
 if this sort of language afloat now, but very few remember how much more of it there was in 
 1811 to 1813. Wasliington wantid Canada. John Adams desirexl Laurens to make an effort 
 to gel it in 1782. Franklin's writings show that he was most anxious to attach it to the Union. 
 As far back as 1759, and I7(J0, \vc find him urgmg England to get and ke-->p it in the same 
 interest as the other colonies. Congress took the same view, as witness the Canadian clause in 
 the constitution of 1778. The Washington National Intelligencer, then the oigan of Madison's 
 administration, said, November, 1813, " We may not obtain possession of these territories 
 [the noithern coloiiie'^] next summsir, but eventually they must b;; ours." The editors go on 
 to state, that the Canada^ embrace and command the outlet and entrance, and share the whole 
 extent of the mighty St. Lawrence, one of the two great waters oi N. America, and the natu- 
 ral cliann.l of import and export of many millions of men — that ihe conquest ot Canada 
 '' was in vain attempted by the heroes of tlie revolution " — but that once gained tliey could bid 
 defiance to England— thai Cluebjc guards the St. Lawrence more ctrectually than any other 
 fortress in a like pasition in the worki — that the transportation of the means' of offensive war 
 to the frontiers would not be difficult — that 100,000 iroojis might soon be collected on the St. 
 Lawrence — and that " on our own exertions and united efforts alone depends the time when it 
 [Canad..] shall be ours." Not many months after, the .same paper said, " when we entered 
 into the war, the people, and we amongst them, and perh^ ps the government too, made too 
 light of llie conquest of the adjoining provinces of the enemy." 
 
 Among the opponents of the war were Harmanus BlCvcker, Geo. Tebbctts, Garret Wen- 
 d'>ll, W. A. Duer, James Emotl, Jesse Oakley, and Elisha Williams. In April, 1815, tlicy 
 addressed the public in these words: " Another object o: the war was the conquest of Can da, 
 and its cession was more than once intim.ited to b.; an indisj-ensable condition of peace." In 
 the H. of R., Dec. 11), 181 1, John nA.vPot.ni of Va., o) posco the notion ol conqinr.ng Ciaia- 
 da, thus: " What a horrible "-etort might ni-t be made on ilirfcouthi m and Wcstt iuslavehi.:ld ng 
 states! How was the CliesajT-Mke to li? pr^tjctcd 1 Hj wi.ihel lue ho';se to considtr the 
 ch: nces of failure and cuuii'i tlu co t, tj {h.n,i .■>:' t.ie b oo I th: t wouli; he >pili, and the mi] ty 
 cofTTs from which th- e.isi is jirojiosL'd t.i h- lU'lVavivl." Mi. Pitkin, 11. o it., " h' d no wish 
 losee thehi'ierogencuus nin-sof Can. >! an -oiniL tot. re, nsint hI un this floiH, uoi to aild Can- 
 ada and Nova Scotia to the republic." i mt wrs hon ;. I like it 1 u m y, \Vc doi.t want 
 any connection vvith you, is much bett'i- than to inviiv '.'• m\\'s, and then in-ult the stranger 
 iliub asked to come, by Philadelphia lioit, anJ Mew Vo.u n<ttiic torporatious. 
 
vlY 
 
 2Si GRUNDY, MOHKOE, CALnOUI*, WEBSTER, AND WHEATON, OV CANaD/L 
 
 i-^: 
 
 I' .,•■'■.■ C"-- 
 
 
 
 i- :C; , 
 
 M'-'^-:^:^' 
 
 v:.^ 
 
 :.v>t. 
 
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 • * , 
 
 On tlie 9th of Dec. 1811, Frxix Grukdy, a member of Congress for Tennessee, and on ihi 
 coniaittee of foreign relations, djclar^J, in his rjply to John Randolph, on the question o 
 augm"3nting the forces f3r " that he would drive the British from North America, anddi 
 prive them of the Canadas ; and would rcc^-'ive the French refugees as adoptevt brothera 
 Although a southern man, he was willing and desirous to have the Canadas. They wen 
 necc.**ary to balance 'ae increasing weight of the southern and wcbt^rn states, by tin 
 JIS" accission of Louisiana. If this weight is not balanced in this way, there is reason to foa; 
 JS* oppression by the gjvjrnmenL" Another version of his remarlcs, in the N. Y. Ev. Poj^ 
 reads inus: " I am waning to receive the Canadians as adopted brethren ; it will have b.'ne' 
 ficial political elfjas; it will pre-icrve the eqailibrium of the government When Loiiisian; 
 shall be fully peopled, th3 northern statis will loie thsir power; they will bs at the discretioi 
 of othei-s; they can b,' depressed at pleasure, and this nation may b2 endangered— I therefjn 
 feel anxious not only to atld the Fioridas to tJie south, but the Canadas to the north of ihii. 
 e.apire." Mr. Grundy was Van Buren's attorney-general, and perhaps one of the best menol 
 his party. Prisident Polk was his lav/ student. Grundy was the son of an English emi. 
 grant, 'in Oct. 1814, Colonkl, Mo.vrde, afterwards president, said, " we must not be coniecL 
 "with defending ourt^.'lves— diilerent fujliugs must be touched, and apprehensions excited in] 
 "the British government. By pushing the war into Canada we .secure the command of lJ 
 •'Indian tribes, and comminJ their services;." In the session of 1812, before the war, Jchj] 
 C. Calhol'.-< said in Congress, that " So fir. from being unprepared [for war], he believd tha 
 J3r in four weeks from the time that a dorlaration of war would be heard on our frontier, ihi 
 
 gr whole of Upper and a part of Lower Canada would be in our possession." Gknerii] 
 iTLL, said to the Canadians, July \Z, lSi-2, '• 1 come prepared for every contingency — I \i\-A 
 a force which will look down all opposition." Four months afier General Smyth said, "In] 
 few days the troops under my co.mnand will plant the American standard in Canada." din. 
 erals Ai'Clure and Wilkinson spoke with equal confidence; but in the fall of 1813, the latter 
 officiallv reported to the sccrct;iry at war, that "The whole male population ofCan.-idaaM 
 f^f universally and iiclively liostile to o\w ilci.ii^ns of i-oiiquest ujioii that country-" SoIom 
 Southwick, in "the Albany ilci,nster, then the oihcial j. unal of this state, Nov. 30, 1813, assij 
 the cabinet, " Are you alraid to take Canada lest it might create a preponderating infliienM 
 against the Virginia dynasty 1 Is there a secret understanding on the subject ?" At ail times 
 to tiie hour of his death, Southwick continued to assert that the indisposition of pretended p- 
 triots in the slave states was lilt' true cause of the failures in Canada; and considcrinsif.i 
 superannuated, eccentric, inid feeble old mm ol'ten placed in command, and the .sentence 
 death against Hull, which was a mere waste of time and money, as far as puni.-hmeni wea; 
 he had some cause so to speak. IMew York was opposed to the war. She voted against iiii 
 Congress, and the Assembly at Albany was against it. The East, with an unprotected com- 
 xnerce afloat, was against it; and a powerful timt/ieni minority steadily opposed it. NailiaH' 
 iel Macon voted tor the war, but he did noi like it. In Jan. 1810, he said in Congress, ihi 
 " setting aside the affair of the Cliesancake, France and Britain were equal aggressors. Oiijkj 
 we to sacrifice our property which floats on the ocean for two such countries as Cimada! 
 Massachusetts voted in Congress against war, 8 to (J — New York, 11 to ',i — Connecticut,*! 
 none — Rhode Island, 52 to none — New Jersey, 4 to '2. Mr. Horsey of Del. said that "il'al| 
 the slates which had voted for war had shown themselves as hearty as Kentucky, we wouk 
 have long since overwhelmed Canadn, where the people were united in resisting us." Danie, 
 Webster, then I'rom N. IL s:iid, Jan. 3, 1814, " that if the cause had been one which the peop't| 
 had espoused with ardor, and been united upon, Canada, to the walls of duebec, would havi' 
 been ours in thirty days." 
 
 Dr. Eustis, War Secretary, said, in 181'3, " We can take the Canadas without soldiers; \C(| 
 have only to send oinccrs into the province, and the people, disaflected to their own govern 
 mem, will rally round our standard." In the fall of 1813, the National Intelligencer saidj 
 " Since then our enemy force 1 us to war, and cosnpellod us to territorial reprisals, for hf! 
 oceanic outrages, and still persists in refusing a recognition of our violated rights, we trust on: 
 readers Will gm 'rally agree with us, that the Canadas once ours, they shall be, as thei| 
 states have been, forever divorced from British sovereignty." The present American Envo; 
 at Berlin, Tlcnry Wheaton, who has been recalled, doubt less to occupy an important trust here, 
 case of war, wa« editor of the National Advocate in 1813, and no paper in the Union was inoii 
 decided in its tone, in favor of taking and keeping Canada for ever. At Tammany Hall.o: 
 the 25th of Nov. anniversnry. General Deartwrii being present. Collector Swartwout's hrotM] 
 John, gave as a toast, " War, stern, unrelenting war, till the haughty I'iX acknowledge oi 
 rights to the waters of the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi." On the same day, the Indcl 
 pendent, Veteran Corps of Artillery of the city of New York, drank, as their 10th regtiii 
 toast, " Florida and the Canada- — necessarily ours by conquest or purchase," as their 111 
 " Cuba, Te.xas and Me.vico; voluntarily ours as free states of the Union" — and as their Wl 
 "The destiny of our countrv, brilliant and co-extensive with our national boundaries, tk 
 Atlantic, Pacific, and Polar Star." And in the Nat. Intell. of Oct. 17, 1812, it in noted liui 
 
 of cutting 
 sessions 
 not have 
 pendent 
 ty such 
 question, 
 ment, in _ 
 thrown otl 
 fear, sus>ta 
 times here 
 ers. Bark 
 Wrights, 
 improvoni 
 ways, and 
 withal chc 
 Whv - 
 carefuilv, 
 tion ofCa 
 Durham, 
 Earl Grey 
 jthat woulf 
 [that, had 
 jsinceritv 
 his landi 
 jroyal cou 
 ledined, 
 scent Iron 
 'hich 501 
 'as not p 
 ■elative 
 Tatigable 
 'Ppressic 
 
^1 
 
 5AT0W, ON CAXAD4. 
 
 for Tennessee, and on ihi 
 ndolpti, on the question 
 n Nortti America, anddl 
 fugees as adopte^l brotheu 
 e the Canadas. They weri 
 and western states, by i|j, 
 way, there is reason to f; 
 arlvs, in the N, Y. Ev. Poji 
 rethren ; it will have b.'ni 
 rnment. When Loiiisiaai 
 ley will bs at the discreiii. 
 endangered— I therefjn 
 Canadas to the north of ihji. 
 haps one of the best men o| 
 the son of an English eini. 
 id, " we must not be conteni 
 n.l apprehensions excited iii| 
 secure the command of I'll 
 1812, before the war, kn\ 
 ;d [for war], he believcJ ihat| 
 be heard on our frontier, 
 our possession." Gkneru, 
 every contingency — I han 
 r General Smyth said, "In a 
 . standard in Csnada." G«d. 
 in the fall of I8i3, the latter 
 lie ■popuhilion ofCan.^.diUrt 
 pon Uiat country-" SoloiMj 
 his state, Nov. 'dO, 1813, asf 
 te a preponderating infliieno 
 n the subject 1" At all times 
 liadisposition of protended p- 
 Canada ; and considcriiiijir.i 
 ommand, and the sentence o 
 V, as far as puni.-hment wen; 
 war. She voted against iii: 
 1st, with an unprotected cuj. 
 steadily opposed it. Nathan- 
 ■JIO, ho -said in Congre.ss, thai 
 ivcro equal aggres.sors. Oiigli:| 
 J such countries as Ci'.nadarl 
 jrk, II to ;?— Connecticut, *i(| 
 sey of Del. said that "it'all 
 earty as Kentucky, we wotikl 
 mi ted in resisting us." Daniel 
 lad been one which the peop'il 
 walls of Cluebec, would havil 
 
 I^anadas without soldiers; vij 
 iftl'ctcd to their own govenj 
 I National Intelligencer said 
 o territorial reprisals, for he; 
 lur violated rights, we trust giir 
 oLU's, they shall be, as thesl 
 The present American Emr 
 :upy an important trust here,i; 
 paper in the Union was moiJ 
 ever. At Tammany Hall, cj 
 Collector Swartwout's hrotneil 
 laughty t'oc acknowledge oc 
 On the same day, the Indtj 
 , drank, as their 10th regiili 
 t or purchase," as their lit' 
 he Union" — and as their isl 
 our national boundaries, lti(| 
 ' Oct. 17, 1812, it is noted 
 
 CLAY, RITCHIE, PARNELL, DESHA, AND DURHAM, ON CANADA. 386 
 
 SlOO.OOOwere voted to the President, " for tlie purpose of taking the Floridas." Joseph Desha, 
 of Kentucky, in Congress, Jan. 23, 1810, said, " We ought to take Canada and Nova BoLtifl, 
 and expel the English from N, A. — the militia will do it. Indeed we have but to hold tut to 
 th.'T colonists that we moan to release them Iroin their chains, and they will almost take it 
 themselves." Colonel 11. M. Johnson was also for war and the conquest oi the nortliern colo- 
 nies. At a public dinn;r in Buflalo, Oct. *25tli, 1H13, at which Henry Clay's relative, General 
 Peter B. Porter, presided, and at which General Harrison and Commodore Perry were gueats, 
 the 12th regular toast was, " A free navigation from Uuebec to New Orleans l.y the lakes" — 
 the 17th, was " The inhabitants of Canada — we light not to conquer them, but the policy which 
 made them our enunies. May they soon be united to the American Republic." On the Slst 
 of Dec. 1811, Mr. Widgery told Congress to " give New i^ngland authority, and she'll take 
 Canada without putting you to any trouble." On the Land bounty Bill, in the U. S. Senate, 
 Feb. 1814, Mr. W. Wells of Delaware said, that although disaster had attended its progress, 
 "Canada is still the fond object of our wishes," but that U ere would be great difticulty in get- 
 ting and t.ti .1 greater in keeping it. Mr. Grosvenor of Columbia Co. N. Y., in Congress, Dtc. 
 1814, quoted Irom Mr. Clay's speech in Congress, on the eve of the war, as follows : " i am 
 "not, sir, in favor of cherishing the passion of conquest, but 1 may be permitted to conclude 
 "by declaring my hope to see, ere long, the Nkw United States, if you will allow me Uic ex- 
 "preesion, embracing not only the old thirteen states, but the entire country east of the Mia- 
 "sissippi, including East Florida, and i:^ some of the territories to the north of us also." 
 Grosvenor's language was eloquent and impassioned against any other than a war for de- 
 fence. He condjmnu'il annexation on the north, and said that the conquest oi Canada had 
 been " avowed in all ilie ga:jettes of the government, in the spceciit:j of those members who 
 declared the war, and in the proclamations of the generals who had conducted it, nor had it 
 been ctisavowed by the executive." The JliJiviond. Ji'/tquircr, tlien edited, as now, by T. Rit- 
 chie and tho.sc he trusted, and speaking, no doubt, the language of Jelitrson, declared in Feb. 
 1814, that " vVhenever Canada nods to her fall. Great Britain will be just, and not till then 
 "shall we obtain any security for the rights and prosperity of our countrymen, the honor and 
 "independence of the country." Some filteeu yeais later, the A'w//t Ammaat /?cf(ew said, 
 " Most ardently it is to be wished, that the happy example which lias so prosperously attached 
 " to our Union, on the south, the French colony of Louisiana, would efftctually point the 
 
 "way to an equally auspiciousjunction of the French colonies of the north What 
 
 "a noble acccssioii would it constitute to our republic." Again, in 183-2, Sir Henry Parneli, 
 a member of the Whig ;.vovernment, in his work on Financial Reform, took ground in lavor 
 of cutting the connection. He said that " AVith respect to Canada, including our other pos- 
 sessions on the continent of North America, no case can be made out to show that we should 
 not have every cummcrcial advantage we are supposed now to have, it it were made an inde- 
 pendent state. Neither our manufactures, foreign commerce, nor shipping, would be injured 
 uy such a measure." JNIany persons would be inclined tu ditlcr with the baronet on thia 
 question. Though an Irishman, ho rcpresenti.'d in parlinnient my native city, and in argu- 
 ment, in private, I have seen him go still farther in lavor of independence to the north. If 
 thrown otfby England, which is a very unlikely event just now, the colonies could not, I 
 fear, sustain" an iiidopcndent character; and 1 trust they will take warning by the signs of ilie 
 times here, wlicn applau-se and high station is reserved lur our Van Burens, Butlers, Walk- 
 ers, Barkers, Lawrences, Marcys, Morrises, Wetmores, Polks, Cave Johnsons, Houstons, 
 Wrights, Cassos, and Woodburys, and seek no change but that which education and gradual 
 improvements can secure to them. Railroads, canals, revenue laws rightly framed, high- 
 ways, and the Primer, properly taught, are patent and powerful auxiliaries to annexation, and 
 withal cheap, and useful to ourseh'es. 
 
 Why did Canadians revolt in 1837 !— I have read the Declaration of Independence, of 1776, 
 carefuilv, and there is no one cause of revolt stated in it, but what was applicable to tiie condi- 
 tion of Canada, in 1837. The British Parliament, by a solemn act, appointed the Earl of 
 Durham, one of England's mo-st eminent nobles, and the son-in-law of the piime minister, 
 Earl Grey, to go to Canada as it.'-, supreme governor, and inquire whether any real grievances 
 that would warrant revolt had existed. liis report is on record; and so dark are the recitals, 
 that, had it been possible, its worst features would never have seen the light. His opportune 
 sincerity embittered those whom his statements condemnod. Preineditatod insult met him on 
 his landing in Britain. The jiressos of the offended parly ceaselessly calumniated him. The 
 jroyal court is said to have .slighted him. His feelings were wounded. His health gradually 
 "eclined, and but a few short months elapsed, ere John George Lainblon, the Kith in lineal de- 
 icentfroni Robert de Lambton, a proud baron of 1513, though surrounded by all the comforts 
 hich 500,000 dollars of a yearly income can produce or bestow, had gone to his last rest. I 
 as not personally acquainted with him, and only saw him once in my lilie, at the house of his 
 elative Mr. Ellice ; but I remember that he was for many years a co-worker with the inde- 
 atigable Hiune atvtl Lord Althorp in the House of Comnums, in denouncing and exposing 
 ippression and wasteful extravagance ; that he opposed the fettering of the press, and the do< 
 
 «tn 
 
 v;} 
 
V, ' 
 
 286 
 
 LORD Durham's apology for revolt in Canada. 
 
 ■<■• :• 
 
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 ijf; 
 
 * ■; • .■••';■ 
 
 mr^t 
 
 ' r'n 
 
 }.! 
 
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 '•';': ■'■■ ", 
 
 
 '. 1. 
 
 
 tested corn law of 1816, and earnestly urged a far more thorough reform than was obtained 
 m the popular representation in 183-2. Perhaps Van Buren has been guilty of more heinous 
 offences tlian his ciilebratcd invitation to the autocrat of Canada, erewhile the envoy of Eng- 
 land's queen at the court of the autocrat of Siberia. 
 
 Lord Durham officially staled to the dueen's ministers, that it would almost s^em as if the 
 object of those who IrameJ tiie Canadian .system of government " had been the combining of 
 I^S'apparently popular in.stitutioiis with an utter ah.scnce of all Et'riciE.vT control of the people 
 overtneir rulers," that the government was irresponsible, and its motive's and actual_ purposes 
 shrouded in mysteiy from ihe colonists; that a " family compact," a small body of intriguing 
 men, retain '-a monopoly of power and profit," and that even a native of Britain or Ireland, 
 if not one of this coinbined faction, is " less an alien in a foreign country" than in Canada; 
 that every seventh farm in Upper Canada had been bestowed to uphold one small denomina- 
 tion of christians — that the Irisli Catholics, though very numerous, had been e.Kcluded from a 
 share in the government — that scalers from the United States had been harassed, and the 
 titles to their lands called in question — that parliamentary elections of high officers of govern- 
 ment had been carried by outrageous violence — that the orange .societies, oaths and proce.v 
 sions which caused so much ill blooJ in Ireland, had been greatly encouraged in Canada by 
 the executive — that the administration of justice was impure, and that a colonist feels that his 
 Unit in the empire is " ono of remote dependence" — that blocks of the public lands had been 
 granted to favorites who had, in many cases, never seen nor settled on them, and that thev 
 " place th"! actual settler in an almost hopeless condition" — that emigrants fioin Britain are iil 
 treated by the Toronto authorities, and retire to the U. S. in disgu.sl — that many parts aie 
 without roads, mills, post-offices, and churches, the people getting poor, education neglected, 
 and the valuable lands .set apart for schools by orders of the Duke of Portland 40 years ago, 
 ever since withheld from that useful purpose— that the U. S. frontier is a picture of prosperity, 
 while that of Canada is the reverse — that unless the .system of government is changed, the 
 pejple would not long support British rule — that Governor Head had procured the return of a 
 Hoa.se of Assembly, the members of which were elected under such circumstances " as to ren- 
 der them peculiarly objcfts of suspicion and i vproarh to a large number of their country- 
 man" — that '• in a number of instances, too, the elLCtions were carried by the iinscrupuloiis 
 exercise of the influence of the government, and by a display of violence on the part of ilie 
 lories, who were emboldened by the countenance afforded to them by the government; thnt 
 such fact-s and such impressions produced in the country an exasperation and a despair cf 
 good government, whicn extended fir beyond those who had actually been defeated at the 
 polls" — that the legislature thus corruptly elected tor one yciir, had prolonged its cistcnre 
 other three, " in defiance of all constitutional right," and "Such are the lamentable resulis 
 of the political and social evils which have so long harassed the Canadas; and aithismomi'iit 
 we are obliged to adopt immediate measures against dangers so alarming as are rebellion, 
 foreign invasion, and depopulation in cotwequence of the desertion cii viaise oi a people re- 
 duced to despair." 
 
 England's queen and parliammt constituted Lord Durham an umpire between revolted 
 8Ubiect.s and the authorities. This was his report. Yet was my valuable property .scattered 
 to the four winds of he^iven — myself declared an outlaw -and at" the eml of nine years, 1 ilo 
 not find enough of noblene.ss of soul in the great i nuniry, or its rulers whocau.sed the wron^.to 
 reverse that outlawry, because I do not choose huinbly to beseech a minister, whose predeces 
 »or better dj.-ervaJ imp:achrn mt than sone whoiu Lvigland's annals mention as havmg b.-en 
 so treated. I am, I liedev;-, t.ie only political oiiilau' of 18^7, belonging to Ujijcr Canada. 
 
 In a secret de.spatch, Lord Durham to Lord (iUnelg, dated (iuebc'C, Aug. 1), 1838, says; 
 " My sole purpose is to impioss upon \our Lordship my own conviction, which has beca 
 formed by personal experience, that even the b.ist inliirmetl i)ersons in England can hariiv 
 conceive tlie disorder or disorganisation which, to a caretlil inquirer on the spot, is maniii^H 
 in all things p-.!rtaining to government in those colonies. Such words scarcely express the 
 whole truth ; not government merely, but society itselt seems to he dissolved ; the vessel of tlu 
 state i.s not in great danger only, but lo.)ks like a complete wieck." And again, Sept. &ldi, 
 Lord Durham writes: — " S'or shall I regret that I have wielded the.sc despotic powers in a 
 mann3r which, a-s an Englishman, I am anxious to declare utterly inconsistent with the [hi- 
 tish constitution, until I learn what are the constitutional principles tliat remain in lbrc<: when 
 a whole constitution is snsp.^nded ; what principles of a British consiitiUion hoUl good in a 
 country wh^re the p-?o,)lo's money is t.-iken without the people's consent, where representaiiii 
 govrnmMii is an.Tihik.tyl, \vh Tt? uTirti;il law ii.is b^en the law o!' t:ie land, and where i:n; 
 trial bv I'lrv exists o:i!,- to d^'ieat iht ends of lusiice, and t-. pi'.ivok'e the righiec^us s<?oin rn; 
 indignitioi ■ th • CO nniaity. 
 P'duciples o: g iviru nj it, or 
 
 I should in le;,i rsjrr.'f 
 m.' own i.icap ciiv for 
 
 the want of applicability m mv own 
 applyiiii,' i:icni. liad the I'recise coinse 
 which 1 shoild thini: it i.n|Vratu'e on im to pursue in a land of lir-edom and ol' law, rrovel 
 to be the only ov th it 1 cnul J. adopt in a couutry udiich Ion? misgovern ^neni ami sfd Ji.'-^ei!- 
 won have brough: tu a condition tiiai may fai;ly hti dc-eribud as one of constitute*.! anarciiy.'' 
 
 * I am sii 
 ilneincnt in 
 tiorril)lc ml! 
 piiclfy I he I 
 liiniilies the 
 nioi't iiripor 
 111 write un 
 rpsponrlenci 
 ■ion of the 
 printer ol' i 
 tiuint)er, m 
 lingly Into 
 utdrcssefl t 
 
 ■^ Ti) VV. L. r 
 '' Dkak 
 ^ the |ieo|ile 
 
 
 R since ymir 
 rich In ordf 
 , cieding!) (it 
 j niHved t'roii 
 |,;«blic oflliv 
 
I 
 
 ANADA. 
 
 form than was obtained 
 
 guilty ol" more heinims 
 
 vliile the envoy of Eng- 
 
 lid almost «eem as if the 
 d been the combining of 
 E.vT control of the people 
 iVi's and acmul purposes 
 small hodv of intriguing 
 ve of Britain or Ireland, 
 )untry" than in Canada; 
 lold one small dcnoinina- 
 ad been excluded from a 
 1 been harassed, and ilie 
 of high otliccrs of goverii- 
 lieties, oaths and proces- 
 icouraged in Canada by 
 at a colonist feels that his 
 the pulilic lands had been 
 
 ■ on them, and that ihev 
 grants fioin Britain are ill 
 (list— that many parts are 
 poor, education neglected, 
 A' Portland 40 years ago, 
 T is a picture of prosperity, 
 vrrninenl is changed, llie 
 ad procured the return of a 
 1 circumstances " as to rei\. 
 
 number of their counirv- 
 rried by the unscrupulous 
 violence on the part of ilie 
 1 by the government; th?t 
 spei-alion and a despair nf 
 ;ually been defeated at the 
 had prolonged its e-istonoe 
 are the lamentable resulis 
 anadas; and aithismomdit 
 alarming as are rebellion, 
 >n en masse of a people ro- 
 an umpire between re voted 
 r valuable property scattered 
 the end or nine years, 1 do 
 ers who caused the wroii^.to 
 a minister, whose predeces- 
 als mention as having b.-en 
 jnging to Upror Canada, 
 uebic, Aug. I), 1!^38, says: 
 conviction, which has been 
 ms in England can haMH' 
 ,rer on the spot, is inaniifH 
 words scarcely express the 
 le dissolved ; the vessel of ths 
 ick." And again, Sept. SliL, 
 these dospjtic powers in a 
 •Iv inconiiisteut with the lin- 
 ks tiiat remain in Ibrci; when 
 cousiitution hold good in a 
 ;orisenl, where representative 
 V oi' the l.'Hiit, nnd where im 
 olce the ricrhiL'iHis scorn rn; 
 tot' npplici.biiity in mv c)\r;i 
 
 ■ them, had the precise coiir^': 
 Crnedom and of kiw, iTovftl 
 
 i^'4ovel■nLn.•nl iind sfd dis^ei:- 
 one of coiiiitituie*.! anarcliy." 
 
 AN APOLOGY FOR THE AUTHOr's CONDUCT IN CANADA. 
 
 287 
 
 With rec )rds like thes:^ on the journals of parliament, is it noble, is it just, is it according 
 to the Engli li notion oi thir dealing, to proscribe a man from visiting the place of his birth, 
 and the graves of liis chiklipn — to hold up that proscription for nine long years — to require 
 concession from the injured'? Did I not for many a long year, in the legislature of Cana- 
 da, oppose all wasteful extravagance, lend an active help to forward the public business, to 
 expose dishonesty, to shame partial judges, to remove real grievances'? Did I not, through a 
 fearless press, amid endless prosecutions, with the plaudits of community, .stand up for constitu- 
 tional riglit, and to the last declare we would ask no more 'i Did I not carry to England the 
 petitions of a majority of all the male population of Upper Canada ; and while others, with 
 not a tithe of the jrapiilar influi.mce I pos.sessed, were courting power for place, which I never 
 stooped to do, did 1 not warn Lord Godcrieh, now Earl of Ripon, five years before the outbreak, 
 what it would end in, if justice was denied and the colonists scorned '? In that nobleman's 
 reply to my statement, a document of great length, and possessing much sound reasoning, and 
 which, had not its piomi.ses been disregarded by his successors, there would have been no 
 insurrection in 1837, he says, " Mr. Mackenzie has concluded this paper by predictions of 
 "bloodshed and civil war, and a dissolution of the connection with this kingdom. He may 
 " well suppose that such a prospect would be regarded by his majesty's government with a 
 " degree ol concern and anxiety to wliich it would be difficult to give any adequate expressions, 
 " But against gloomy prophecies of this nature, every man conversant with public business must 
 "learn to Ibrtify his niinu. They have e"'er been the resource of those who endeavor to extort 
 "from the fears of government concetsions, in favor of which no adequate reasons can be 
 "given." Does Lord Durham's Report contain no adequate reasons ■?* Did my remon- 
 strances, yet on file in the colonial office, contain none 1 Did the continued proofs of public con- 
 fidence winch I obtained while in England, and on my return to Canada, contain none 1 Had 
 I been dcsirovs o/cxciliiig a irantun insurrcdiun vwuld I have gone to London tlfus to warn the 
 colonial office to prepare for it 1 Would I have remained there 18 months, earnestly and anx- 
 iously urging these improvements in the commercial code — in the postage system — in the 
 communications lx;twecii Halifax and Britain — and in the municipal concerns of the Cana- 
 das, which were so much required by all parties'? So far was I from being ultra in my 
 views, that I frankly told Lord Howick and Mr. Stephen, that if they would give us a man of 
 business habits as governor, in exchange for the old military hero who had so long been con- 
 trolled by "the family compact," .so justly condemned by Lord Durham, we would try to get on 
 without that full measure of self-control which our memorials required, so far as it was op- 
 posed to the colonial .system On my return to Canada, a committee of a new legislature, on 
 which [ served as chairman, went fully into an examination of the condition of the colony. 
 The result of our labors was an octavo of some 500 pages ; and, armed with that volume and 
 the baron of Glenelg's instructions in reply, Sir Francis Head dropped down among us in mid 
 '.vinter, as a reformer, than which a more indiscreet and unwi.se choice never was made by 
 any administration — neither have 1 a doubt but that Lord Melbourne was as sensible of his un- 
 iltness when he sent him out, as he sccius to have been when Sir Francis had set the colonies 
 on fire, tbrough the troubles of 1837. lie began by exhibiting in Upper Canada part of Lord 
 Gostbrd's instructions, which he had been directed to keep secret — their publication stopt the 
 supplies in Lower Canada, and dashed the cup of popularity from Lord Gosford's lips, for 
 they showed insincerity at head-quarters. Heads conduct as governor, slandering the United 
 States, encouraging orange societies, quarrelling with the advisers he had chosen, but never 
 I uce consulted, staling falsehoods ancl getting convicted of so doing, was such that supplies 
 were refused to him also, and he had to set every semblance of popular rule at defiance, in 
 
 * I am sincerelv sorry th.Tt a single individual remains oiuliiwed or bniiished from Canada, or held In con- 
 nneincnt in Yhu bicinMn's I.iind, retuiivc to iho instirrcciion. £n^liind whs so clearly in the wrong, by the 
 horrililo misrule she sutlbreil to exist, thai when she suw men like inc turn round and do our very utmost to 
 piicify the frontiers, niter hninc plundered oreveryihing, she should hnve taken the risk of returning to their 
 tiiniilles the innocent victims of her r;ireiessness. 1 am very cool now ; and yet althouizh I have a packet of 
 most Important puiKTS in the hands ot' a friend lor safe kcepini;, relative t(i Cai ad in utFairs, 1 think it too enrly 
 ti( write an account of the events of 1830 lo 1838. I have pre>crved some iiOO le> ers of the Navy laiand cor- 
 rrspondence, but it i-s not yet a filling lliue to ■live such matters to the world, t-'o strong is my present convic- 
 liun of the impropriety of adding any inflanmiiilory materials to the Oreizcm blaze that, although the worthy 
 printer of my " Sons of the Emerald Isle " premised me to allow him to tini>h it. ( have stopt after the second 
 number, mther than continue j'uAt Jioio these e.\citing relations of ancient misrule. 1 never have played wil- 
 liiiply into the hands of the enemies of real reform anywiiere, and will not now. The following note was 
 .'ulilrcssert to me, by that true and Uing and well-tried friend of poor and rich, Joseph Hume, when I was lust 
 
 I li-nving liondon. 
 
 . To VV. L. Mackenzie : " Brtanston Squahe. June 24ih, 1833. 
 
 ' Dbar Sir : 1 cannot allow you to leave this country without cxpressini.' my senso of the (jreat advantage 
 
 I the (leople of Opp' r (lanadii have derived troiii your exertions which have been unwearied and perseverii g 
 
 ' since yimr anival ; and. I limy add coinpanitively successful In KbiHining many alteration' from Lord Code- 
 rich in orders respecting the future Government of Upper Canada. I am sorry to observe by some of the pro- 
 ciedlugs of Mr. ^Uinloy, that he Is rather disposed to promote, than to puni-h the men who have been re- 
 moved I'roni Upper (Canada for Imprnper conduct, and thereliy to encourage misgovermnent on the part of tlie 
 
 I public ofllters of (hat i>rovlnce, which Lord Coderich's lute pruceeUlugs were calcaUted iv prevent. 
 
 ' Jotcru HvHC." 
 
 if 
 
233 
 
 THE CANADIAN INSURRECTIONS OF 1S37-38. 
 
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 ordsr to d'x^\7e his supariors in England thraugh a mock legiilature, obtained on the principle 
 wiich L'JrJ D irhim toj truly described whan it \v<as to.) late to recall t!ie past. Sir Fntiicis 
 write.s to LjrJ Mjlbj.i'iii atU'.r t.'iis fashion : " On my arrival in Uppjr Canada I found niy- 
 self not only b.ju.iie-l on the oas siJe by Ljwer Canada on the cvo of a revolt, and on the 
 other siij, by tiu UaiteJ Stitjs, whjsi GOVc^RNMr^Nl", as well as people, wero secretly 
 usin^ tne.r inri:i;n:e tj ecUroiinute f-O'ii the continent of Ani?rica monarchical institutioas, 
 but 1 ioiii'l mysjjf expj^e.l to an.l opposed by a republican house of assembly." After my re. 
 turn from Englani I had not.iin^' u-aatever to do with either government or people in these 
 Stdt:«; and they had no part in causing the revolt; nor did the native Americans in Canada 
 lalJJ thj laboring oar in it. [f this country had secret emissaries I never knew of i;, nor d(, i 
 b:lieve it. Thj re/jlt in 1837 b^gan Nov. G, in Mjntroal. That of 1838 never would have 
 hiiaa at all, had LjrJ Durham b^en kindly treatjd by England; but his whig friends allow. 
 eJ him tJ bi denjunceJ in the floase of Peers, for an act of kindness and humanity towards 
 eight Canadians seat tj Bermuia ; and in the House of Commons sanctioned the insult his 
 encnies Laa prepared elsewhere, liis faults and foibles were many — 1 may not deny thai, 
 But hi had a manly soul, was harshly treated, miant right, would have conciliated all parlies 
 had he ojen let alone, and his indiscreet removal was tne signal for new troubles, in which I 
 bad no part whatever, althjugh tor spveral years, 1 confe.ss it with regret, i would gladly have 
 witnessed war on this continent. Calmer reflections have since returned — and in the spirit 
 In which 1 rein'r- ■ 1 so long in Europe, ever an.icious to avert the causes of war do I nov 
 writj this state.nent. It is i pleasant thing lo see the statesmen of Britain at length pursuing 
 that liberal policy which even a Hum.', a lloebuck, and a F^uUer cannot find fault with. 
 What honist heart on this side the Atlantic, would darken the dawnings of a better day to 
 mankind, with the bitter and bloody scourge of war, as if there were not pains and privation,! 
 enougi in the wjrld which are unavoidable, without adding to th:!in a renewal of those deadly 
 straggles for power and do:ninion, wnich in the 2') years precedin;; 1815, can.sed " counlleA 
 thoisindstomourn" for the inhumanity of civilized man more savage than the tenant of the 
 forest 1 
 
 I have not a wish left to sea Canada incorpoiated with this Union. If it obtain a direct re- 
 presentation in the British Parliament, on the sagacious plan proposed by the far-aeein-' 
 Franklin, and renewed br Hume in the House of Common.*, it may remain connected wIlh 
 Britain tor ages. Shoulcf that not take place, its annexation to these noriliern states is aii 
 event of no remote probability. At present, the chances are, that an invasion of Canada from 
 this side (although, considering th: tacility of transportation of men and materialB, it might 
 prove ratner m )re succe.ssial t.ian it did in 18l2), would end in a fiilure, or its equivalent, 
 
 prove ratne 
 
 The chrg/ generally in Canada are unlavorable to a change — and although in 1837 and 18.'i8, 
 many leut' .'aito join in the me rem. -ni, yet 1 have never since seen one who was thus cn!,'ag' 
 ed eight years ago, that did njt co;ifjss his di'-appointment on wii.nes.sing the working of^ihe 
 
 political machinery in gear here, and which we hud all so much admired. Of the populaticn 
 of thecolonies there undoubtedly is a large majority at this day who are hostile to an anncia- 
 tion to this Union — and there are no scarcity of states on this side tlic St. Lawrence, quite a 
 steadily opposed to an amalgam itioa with the Canadians. The more I see of the balefiu effecis 
 of south.ernslave-y, in retnrdin;^ education and marring useful republican legislation, the moH 
 averse am 1 to witness more of the free north come ui.dcr its destiuctive opeiation. 
 
 Tha^e who pinici;> ..ed in .no Canadian insurrections some years since, were, 1 think, in 
 error — not b-'ciuse t..ere v.- ) r.r, jood ground tor revolt — nor i)ecause there was not enough of 
 disaffection — no, no: ye-, on r.eoant of the impossibility of succt'-s, tor it did seem to lie atoj* 
 time within our ei.s, g).; -i — .y: bjcause the rea.sonable probability of a happy tenninati.n 
 was less strong tu;:a ' lai .n' p^e niture failure. Lord Sydenham, with whom I used som&. 
 times to cjnver>e nc V/iiiielia 1, v./'-'n in London, did laany tyrannical tilings in Canada, but 
 he began to tru • tiie "c )pl.', v-Ui e.'cpericnced an I praciiciil, anl set up those elective local or 
 county legislalu.es anioi..,' them n-'iich answer to the boards of supervisors here. He Wote 
 to his brother in LugU.nd, " 1 ^.■ol.;u willingly give land to settlers, but there is, alas! none to 
 give, except whc' i., rena rel voluc'.-^s by the neighborhood of th.)se cursed landjobbers who 
 cut off all acce.ss ij '"t." A . ! n.^ai., '• I i.now that as much as I dislitie Yankee institutionsan.i 
 rule, I would not have 1'ju ci- a:jf.Liri-: ti.u.n, Wiich thousanfs of these poor fellows liie [familjj 
 comoact call reijels did, if it .i-jre o.ily to i\i\p up such a government as tney got." 
 
 Tn; American people, in two war.s, Iru'c assuredly gn glory enough. If they were desirous 
 to e.stablish the fact that they are Lrave in battle, whether by h.nd or sea, it is bo well known 
 as to be undisputel a.iywhere. i'. i' were it otherwi.se, won I th:it be a reason I'or destroying' 
 comnerce, setting the whole world a TigJiting, killing vast numbers and wounding many more, 
 demoralizing .society, creating mam no'Ji n.itional debts, and embarra,'.sing a whole people fur 
 an ag3 to come, and all about some barren de:.ert contended for by those who have already land 
 enough for twenty times their number 1 
 
 For many years, in Upper Canada, 1 gave nil my energies to the task of instructirgihe peo- 
 ple in the principles of popular goverumeiit, .st' lar as i knew thein. To comprehend the ardu- 
 
•38. 
 
 obtained on the principle 
 
 I the past. Sir Fniiicis 
 
 jr Canada I found m 
 
 of a revolt, and on t 
 
 as people, wero secretly 
 
 monarchical institutions, 
 
 isKcmMy." After my re- 
 
 mcnt or people in these 
 
 'e Americans in Canada 
 
 ever knew of it, nor d<, i 
 
 1838 never would have 
 
 It his whig friends allow. 
 
 .ss and humanity towards 
 
 sanctioned the insult his 
 
 I may not deny that. 
 
 ave conciliated all parlies 
 
 new troubles, in which I 
 
 grct, I would gladly have 
 
 urned — and in the spirit 
 
 causes of war do I nosv 
 
 Britain at length pursuing 
 
 (r cimnot find fault with, 
 
 nings of a better day to 
 
 ! not pains and privation.! 
 
 ) a renewal of those dwidly 
 
 : 1815, caused " countlej* 
 
 igc than the tenant of the 
 
 1. If it obtain a direct rc- 
 iropo.scd by the fitr-8e;;in-' 
 lay remain connected wim 
 lese northern states is ais 
 n invasion of Canada from 
 isn and materialB, it might 
 1 fiilurc, or its equivalent, 
 although in 1837 and 183«, 
 I one who was thus en2;ag. 
 lessiii" the working of ihe 
 ImireJ. Of the populaticii 
 10 are hostile to an anncu- 
 t'.ie St. Lawrence, quite a 
 re I sec of the baleful ef[xi% 
 blican legislation, the morj 
 :tive opeiation. 
 ars since, were, 1 think, in 
 ISO there was not enough d 
 , tor it did seem to lie at rijf 
 ily of a happy tennlna;i,n 
 1, with whom I used soma- 
 lical things in Canada, but 
 ;t up those cK^ctive local or 
 ipjivi.sors here. He wToie 
 I, bui there is, alas! none to 
 .)S3 cursed land jobbers who 
 like Yankee institutions aiir' 
 se po,ir fellows liie [famii)j 
 jnt as they goi." 
 High. If they were desirou3 
 w .sea, it is so well known 
 hi a reason for destroying; 
 and wounding many more, 
 rra.'.sing a whole people fur 
 hose who have already laad 
 
 ; task of instructirg the p'^o- 
 To comprehend the ardu- 
 
 CANADA. DKATH OF COL. MOOPIE. COL. \V. E. MOORE. 
 
 289 
 
 ous cnaracter of the course I pursued, the reader would require to have resided in these times, 
 in the colony. Many there were who covertly endeavored to bring about a change. I went 
 straight ahead. A residence here has fully satisfied my own mind, tliat I went too fast and 
 too far — that the ideal difference is much greater than the reality, and that no ftie is called 
 upon to encourage bloodshed in IS'IG, on the banks ol the St. Lawrence, in order that Congress 
 may have longer sessions and more work, by the extension of such legislation as they bestow 
 on the ten miles square to the larger area of the two Canadas. 
 
 It has often been said, here in New York, that I was a party to the Short Hills Invasion — the 
 Prescott affair, under Von Shotiltz, Birge, &c. — the Windsor or Detroit inroad — and the Lower 
 Canada insurrection of 1838. I was not consulted in. nor a party in any way to these enter- 
 prises, nor has any one that was concerned ever said so. Noah, in the Sun, Messenger, &,c., 
 insists that I injured the Canadian cause by cowardice, and perhaps I did. I do not find thai 
 any parly in Canada have ever said so, however. Sir Richard iionnyca:3lle, of the Royal En- 
 gineers, Toronto, in a book lately issued from the London pre.ss, plainly, and in the most (US' 
 tinct terms, charges me with having murdered Colonel Moodie of the British Army, in cold 
 blood, and even gives my alleged reasons for so doing ! Colonel Moodie, accompanied by Capt. 
 Stewart of tho Royal Navy (an old officer who was at the battle of Aboukir), and Lieut. 
 Crewe, rode up to the rebel lines, dashed past the first line of sentinels, and fired a pistol at the 
 second, opposite Mimtgomcry's Hotel. Refusing to surrender, he was fired at in return by tlic 
 sentinel, as ordered by the otficer on guard, and died of the wound — Crewe and Stewart were 
 then made pris<mers. Stewart sw(jre to a narrative of the facts, which aj"-^ared in the Toronto 
 newspapers. About an hour before that, I had left for Toronto, with h. ;^uard of four horse- 
 men (one of whom Capt. Powell shot dead) — we arrested Capt. Powell and Major A. McDon- 
 dl, and while I was on my way back, with McDonell in charge, as he states in his publi.sh- 
 ed narrative, a gentleman rode pa.st and told us tha't Col. M. had been shot or wounded. On 
 our arrival at the hotel (Col. Lount being then in command there), I went instantly to .see the 
 dying man, and he told all present that his own imprudence had caused his death. I never 
 saw nim Ijefore in my life ; and as his death was an open, public act, seen by many, and as f 
 was at the time far distant, in charge of McDonell, a more wanton lie was never told, and that 
 too by a neighbor whom I had never wronged, and whomusthave known that the tongue of man 
 never uttered a more wanton or malicious falsehood. T'he Clueen wrote a letter to the Colo- 
 nel's widow, condoling Avith licr as was natural ; but where can Bonnycastle find a shadow of 
 proof to his London story 1 Certainly not in Upper Canada. 
 
 [No. 314.1 Colonel W. E. Moore, of Kentucky, assistant Editor of the Washington 
 Globe, to W. L. Mackenzie, 1G2 Nassau st.. New YorlJ . 
 
 Washington, D. C, Dec. 12, 1838. 
 
 Dear Sir : * ♦ ♦ Should come on, let him have a letter for me, and he will 
 
 fmd a friend with the will, if not the means, of seconding his views. Of course you aR- 
 aware that Mr. Papineau is here. • * * There are other parts of your letter I do not like. 
 \ou must know that the oni,y party in this cmuifnjwkichrcalty sympathizes irithfhe Camadiayt 
 juitriots is the democratic. TJic Whigs, as a party, are opqinsed to you in phinciple ; we art 
 with ymt, IN pnitiCiVLS, in frcling, in heart, and smil; but circunistances, call them selfish, 
 self-intere.«t, if you plea.se (we call it our first duty to our country), hatre thrown vs into a false 
 position, but that only for a time. Much as we admire the man of our choice, placed by us 
 at the head of the government, yet hoic did every demorratic jrress in the country receive his pro- 
 damation ? How h/is it rrceircd part of the annual Message, relating to Canada ? WITH 
 DEEP, DEEP MORTIFICATION. At hkart there is not a NORTHERN on WES- 
 TERN democrat, from the summit of the Allcghanics to the bosom of the Father of Waters, 
 west, and thence east along the feeders of the St. Lawrence to the Penobscot, who does not 
 regret it ; but we repose in the assurance that such documents were called for by the existing 
 state of I'elations between the two countries. Yet that part of the message, as well as the pro- 
 clamation, elicited the general praise of the whig press, from Mr. Gales downwards. While 
 condemning every other portion of the message, this, most of them can laud. I can assure 3'ou 
 that there is a magazine of burning patriotism now buried in the bosoms of the democracy, 
 lliat wants but a single spark to set it in an active flame. Let the poor Prescott prisoners be 
 massacred in cold blood, and it will light up a torch in this country that all the influence and 
 fwwer of both governments will be unable to smother or quench. But what would you have 
 IIS do now 1 Surely v,e must not foi^et our high moral obligations as a government, and we, 
 the people, are the government in reality. We are at peace with England ; why should out 
 government go to war with her, or take steps to hurry herself blindly into such a cata.strophe 1 
 k may be that our executive may have exhibited too much solicitude to preserve peace ; but 
 peace is the natural position of a republic, especially of an extended and diversified one like 
 ours, 55" WHERE AcauisiTioK woLi-D BE A CURSE, J^IS oud glory but a poor return„for the loss 
 of Uood and destruction of prosperity. It would be difllcuU to explain myself ilk a few hwrriwi 
 
 ,5] 
 
m: 
 
 ■'10' 
 
 ( 
 
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 • ;rr'-;'?^,.\! 
 
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 ?- :'■■■■: ■ ■ 
 .1 'f> • ■ ., 
 
 290 
 
 CORRESPONDF.NCE OF DEMOCRATS AND WHIOS. 
 
 lines^ but the democratic party in this country stand in this position ; tkrir prnyera, (heir m-^ 
 pathtcs, their purses, if they were rich enoitsh {Jhcir pcrsimal services too, which would ntit h' 
 withheld on a reasonable prospect of success), are lor the patriots, and yrt ihiy will sustain 
 their government in a firrn,dig:nilied, but not trucklinf!; adherence to neutral ohli^^'ations. Wi; 
 have NOTHING to gain by a war with Great Britain, however successful it misjht teiirinatc, 
 and this is not the age for republics entering a contest for the estal-lishnient of ahsiraci, 
 though correct, principles elsewhere. We of the democratic parly throughout the Union, 
 however, are witli you as citizens, and shall continue lobe so. The federalist- —ill opjios« 
 you, in public and in secret, by sneering and l)y slander, in a word, by ev- , till they 
 
 .■jee the bones ot the last victim bleached on the plain, and they will blast mory after- 
 
 wards. Excuse these hasty thoughts. I have written with correspondii.^, candor to ymr 
 own ; but I have lelt that your li'tier did my party injustice. Happily, it will not be long ere 
 your convictions will assent to all I say ; for, depend upon it, to the democracy alone can yon 
 look for support. I bh.ill be f.'lad to hear from you. Your friend, W. E. MOOttE. 
 
 Keim, Paynler, and Ingcrs-.'l's Interview with Van Durcn about Machenzie's ImprisonmeiU. 
 
 [No. 315.1 To Messrs. William Gilmore and Robert Christy, Secretaries of the Demo- 
 cratic Union Association, Philadelphia. Wa.shington, December 38th, 183y. Gentlemen;— 
 On behalf of a resolution of the Democratic Union Association, for Messrs. Paynter, Ingersoi 
 and myself to call upon the President of the United States and request his attention to a me- 
 morial relative to the pardon of William Lyon Mackenzie, it becomes my duty to say that we 
 have fully discharged the desire therein expressed. The President, who is at all times anxious 
 to gratify the desires of any portion of the people, regrets exceedingly, that in the present junc- 
 ture of pending negotiations with Great Britain, it would be improj^Hsr to interfere with the ac- 
 tion of our courts of justice, and therefore at present could not decisively move in compliance 
 with your wishes. Every possible means have been exerted to make the confinement of Mr. 
 Mackenzie a nominal one,t and to gratify his every wish, save his release. My own private 
 views are, that if the friends of Mr. Mackenzie would appeal to the magnanimity of tne pre- 
 sent representative of the British provinces in North America, by his reifuest, he would be re- 
 leased, and relieve the question from the embarrassment in which it seems involved. 
 
 ♦GEORGE M. KEIM. 
 
 [No. 316.] George Dawson, Editor of the Rochester Democrat, to W. L. Mackenzie, care o( 
 
 Dr. Cyrenius Chapin, Buffalo. 
 
 Rochester, Dec. 14, 1837. Dear Sir: — Allow me, as one who admires the .sublime stand 
 yourself and your a.ssociates have taken against tyranny, to tender you my sympathy. I have 
 watched with intense anxiety the progress of events in Canada, and the intelligence of your 
 revolt was received with irrepressible satisfaction. Before open hostilities were avowed in 
 the Upper Province, that circumstances might hasten such hostilities, was my daily prayer. I 
 knew that she deserved to be free, and believed tliat if she resolved upon freedom, it could be 
 achieved. My acquaintance with you in my boyhood, and the tales oi persecutions that have 
 followed you since that period, have been listened to and treasured up. I knew your wrong?, 
 and earnestly prayed for their redress. I looked to you as a leader, and from my knowledge 
 of your chai icter, expected that you would, sooner or later, assume a position at once sublime 
 and noble. Nor have my expectations failed. I have seen your ann raised to strike the hr« 
 olow for Li.urty. Would to God that its descent had not, to some extent, been foiled ! But I 
 still look upon the Sun of the Canadas as but emerging from the morning clouds. The day 
 cannot be lur distant when it shall shine respleudently in the ascendant. 
 
 In writin;,' to you, I have been requested by several of our citizens to invite you to visit this 
 city, if y')a could do so with safety, and consistently with your arrangements. We are to 
 have a m Jting on Satiurday evening, as you will see by my paper, wliich I send you ; and it 
 would ailord me much pleasure to provide you with the hospitalities of my house. Please 
 write me. Yours sincerely, , , GEORGE DAWSON. 
 
 * Generil Keim told me himself that the above was a trae copy of his private letter to the Aisociation. His 
 extraordinary advice, or hint, must have l>oen given in consequence of what Van Buren had said to the three 
 Philadelphia conp-essmen. I was advised to appeal to I^ord Sydenham or Sir George Arthur's magnanimity, 
 in Canaaa ; and the president of the United i^Uites would be quite ready to pardon in New York, if it met the 
 views of the knight or harun that might be governing fur the time at Toronto ! This, of course, I did not chooiie 
 to stoop to do, and therel'ore had to suffer other Ave months' imprisonment— but the very day the Baltimore 
 Convention met, Van k?Mren was made to see that my confinement had been a very great political blunder, and 
 I was instantly released, although the following note shows that he had not intended to take such a course. 
 
 Note.— John Norveli, Senator, U. S., to Morgan L- Gage, Michigan.— Washinoton, Jan. 3, 1840.— Dear Sir: 
 In reply to your letter in relation to the case of Wllllaiii L. Mackenzie, I am only enabled to say to yon, that 
 upon receiving the petitions for his pardon, us I am inibrmed, they were sent to the fDlstrict Judge and the Uls- 
 tnct Attorncv of Western New York, and that their report on the subject was such a* to prevent the eiereiie 
 *)y the President of the power of pardon on the octasion. JOHN NORVCLL. 
 
 t Smith Thoapson aad N. S. Ben'oa. . 
 
 |Ftoe,altogrth«lWie.— W.L,Kt ^' ' . •'' ..•»■.■.*- m?- Mt- a 
 
 B 
 
IlIIGS. 
 
 1; their prnyen, their mn-^ 
 \too, wliicli v/oiild ma 1«' 
 land yi't ihry will sustain 
 Inuiitrai oMi^ations. W,.. 
 jsHl'iil it iiiisjiu leiminatc, 
 Istalilishrnent of abstract' 
 lly thr()uj,'hont the Uniop| 
 lie federalist' —ill opfiose 
 IJ, by ev- ^ till they 
 
 II blast mory after- 
 
 Jspondii.;^, candor to your 
 iify, it will not be long ere 
 
 1 democracy alone can yon 
 " W. E. MOORE. 
 
 iclcnzic^ ImpruionmeiU. 
 
 Secretaries of the Deiinv 
 8th, 1831). Gentlemen :- 
 
 Messrs. Paynter, Ingersol 
 uest his attention to a rne- 
 les my duty to say that we 
 vho is at all times anxious 
 y, that in the present junc- 
 in- to interfere with the ac- 
 sively move in compliance 
 ke the confinement of Mr. 
 release. My own private 
 
 2 magnanimity of the pre- 
 is retfvcst, he would be rc- 
 seems involved. 
 ♦GEORGE M. KEIM. 
 
 W. L. Mackenzie, care of 
 
 idmires the sublime stand 
 you my sympathy. I have 
 id the intelligence of your 
 lostilitics were avowed in 
 s, was my daily prayer. I 
 [ upon freedom, it could be 
 1 ol persecutions that have 
 up. I knew your wrongs, 
 •, and from my knowledge 
 a position at once sublime 
 ra raised to strike the firrt 
 jxtent, been foiled ! But I 
 Doming clouds. The day 
 int. 
 
 i to invite you to visit this 
 Tangemcnts. We are to 
 wluch I .send you ; and it 
 ties of my house. Please 
 SEORGE DAWSON. 
 
 letter to the Ajsociation. HU 
 I Buren had said to the three 
 ieorge Arthur's inHRnanlmity, 
 on in New York, If it met the 
 'his, of course, I did not choone 
 ut the very day the Baltimore 
 ery great political blunder, and 
 nded to take such a course. 
 3T0N, Jan. 3, 1840.— Dear Sir : 
 uly enabled to say to yon, that 
 he fDistrict Judge and the Dls- 
 uch a* to prevent the eiereha 
 JOHN NOBVELU 
 
 R. M. JOHNSON. POLK S FRIENDSHIP FOR VAN BUREN. 
 
 291 
 
 fNo. 317.] Col. R. M. Johnson, Vice President U. S., to John Fegan, Esq., Philadelphia. 
 
 City op Washinoto.v, 11th May, 1840. My dear Sir: — Your highly esteemed favor has 
 been received, respecting the connnenient of Mr. Mackenzie as prigoner, Ace, in the jail at 
 Rochester. 1 fi'd as deeply as man can feel the misfortune of that patriotic man. I consider 
 hi8 mi.sfurtune and his suffering very much like the hard fate and cruel destiny of many un- 
 ffliccessful patriots before our time ; and although the laws of nations and the laws of the land 
 may have condemned him and legally consigned him to prison, I think that the demand of jus- 
 tice is .satisfied, and I should not hesitate, with my views of the subject, to liberate, if I had the 
 guwer J and I presume that I shall ilo, and have done, all I can to effect this object. I am con- 
 dent, however, that the President [Mr. Van Buren] has acted I'rom his conviction of a sacred 
 duty to do as he h&j done ; but I hope that he may leel himself justified, without injury to the 
 diplomatic relations of the country, in exercising the power of pardon in this cajbc. In my 
 delicate position, having no power, and exercising only that reasonable influence which my 
 situation gives me, 1 do not wish to take any prominent agency in tliia matter, a« it would not 
 do good, and might do harm ; but at this place, as far as it is correct and proper, I will do what 
 1 can to promote the object in view. Respectf\illy, Rh. M. JOHNSON. 
 
 AN ACCOUNT 
 
 op THB 
 
 BALTIMORE CONVENTION, 
 VAN BUREN'S DEFEAT, 
 
 AKD THB 
 
 NOMINATION OF POLK AND DALLAS. 
 
 '' Ar liees on floweri alighting, eeue their tann, \ ' 
 
 Settling on places, democrats grow dumb." 
 
 PoWs Friendship firr Van Buren.— Heiss and the Unim.—The Globe on Polk. — Ritchie, Heiss, 
 Polk, and Cass.—Signijicant Votes.— Delegates rewarded.— Marcy's Position and Prospects. 
 — The Syracuse Nominations.— How Cass lost the Game. — CrosweU and Dickenson^s Views. — 
 Butler's Nashville Journey.— Van Buren Threats in the Democratic Review.— Walker wheels 
 Butler round to Texas, condemns Van Buren, and nominates Wright l—Flagg set aside. — 
 Marmfs TacL— Bancroft on both sUks.—The Two-third Rule.— Butler on Hard Cider.— Van 
 Buren for Polk, Dallas, and Texas.— Cass and the Cherokees.—Col. Young enraged.— He 
 heads the Texas Ticket.— O'SuUivan on Human Cattle (not Polk's Negroes).— George Mifflin 
 Dallas.— OU Dallas and his Bank.— His Son a U. S. B., V. B. Man.— Dallas and Wilkitu 
 on the Public Lands, — Mileage of Senators. 
 
 Are there those who believe Polk friendly to Van Buren 1 Let me undeceive them. When 
 Polk and Ritchie and Walker saw and read the secret correspondence of Hoyt which I sent on 
 to Washington, in May, and the discovery, and anticipated publication of which so delighted 
 them, wouW they one and all, as also those of their friends who got copies, had they been 
 fi-iendly, Jiave kept the secret from the Van Burens, Plagg, Butler, Wright, and Dix, and aUowed 
 the guilty to be startled by the sudden apparition of my first pamphlet in September last 1 Who 
 can believe it 1 Polk and Jackson's paper, the NashviUe Union, kept the name of Van Buren 
 
 
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 292 
 
 THE BALTIMORB CONVB.NTIO\ OF 1944. 
 
 at the head ofits columns as the candidate of the party for Baltimore, while ii tiirJatened any 
 Tennessean who would voto fur him there. Hearken to H.i;,'an and Uoiv. I j;')* " Wc tli, 
 " not beifove Air. Van Buren will receive one vole from the Tennessean delegation. It' lie 
 "doe.s, that delegate who votes knowingly aeain!?t the wishes of his constitiierjts, will be 
 " marked hereafter, as ^;^a. man unworthy of their confidence." Why did they keep up Van 
 Buren's name over such remarks as these 1 The Texas letter was seizeil on as a prete.vt to f?et 
 rid of a man whom certain leaders no longer wanted. Had Polk and Van Hureii been on tiif 
 very best of terms, although the latter yielded to the Conner, would 1 'ngua^e like the following! 
 have found its way into the oHicial journal, (Blair's Globe,) on the Ji)tn of Jan. 1844? 
 
 " I care not how honoral)!e a man may be, if he i.s a coward he cannot maintain his honor; 
 and hence it is such a man is disqualified for the ofiice of V. President. Now, sir. Col. King 
 has never been insulted day atlerday; and, above all, he was never caught roughly by the 
 arm [by Wise] when escapin*,' fiom tue Capitol, pulled round and told that he was the '^con. 
 templible tool t)f a petty tyrant !' 1 pledge my head, if he is ever so treated, he will resent the 
 insult in the proper way. Will ' A Tennessee Democrat' do the same in regard lo Gov, 
 Polk? What are the facts in regard to Gov. Polk 1 He has been twice repudiated in hi.« 
 own State by large majorities— defeated by an inexperienced politician ; and it is not pre- 
 tended that his name would add one particle of strength to the ticket in any State of thi> 
 Union." ' 
 
 There was a clear understanding between Ritchie at Richmond, and Heiss at Nashville to 
 go for Cass if Van Buren could be set aside, and for Polk in preference to either. This was 
 independent of Texas. Ritchie had made up his mind to have the printing of Congress. He 
 was connected with B. Greene, who had a very deep interest in Texan scrip and lands. He lived 
 in a .state that raised men and women for sale and traffic, into jiernetual liondage, as if they 
 Tvere cattle, through the homr slave trade. If Van Buren obtamea power, Blair would have 
 hi.s interest ; the north, with its Bryants, Sedgwicks, abolitionists, tec, would compel V. B. to 
 throw cold water on annexation, or oust him ; and Virginia went for the detestable gains of 
 her human shambles. Moreover, Van Buren's chance was verv douMful. That had been 
 proved in 18^10. In the summer and fall of 1843, the Richmond Enquirer, in the form of let- 
 ters to the editor, had said much in favor o( Cass, and the Nashville Union, [Tlogan and 
 Heiss] copied liljerally, " by request." The spring elections of Connecticut and Virginia 
 went against Van Buren ; Tyler and Calhoun pushed on annexation, and coaxed Ritchie 
 The Richmond Enquirer and Calhoun's Charleston organ became more and more harmonious 
 and united ; and on the month of the Convention, Ritchie gravely relwked Blair for censuring 
 Calhoun, and told his friends that the Calhou' party were with them, and that they had the 
 same views. Ritchie said, that Clay was " an electioneering demagogue, and would prove an 
 arrant dictator," and that Texas must be had now, and not waited for 70 years. Before tJie 
 Convention met, Hei.ss's paper, the Nashville Union, plainly foretold that Polk would be 
 .?hos2n there, not as Vice President, but as President, altnough no public journal or meeting 
 In the Republic had named him for the latter office. When the Convention met, Ritchie's 
 son, William F., was elected its principal secretary, and Virginia and Tennessee went cor- 
 dially together tor the rule that two-thirds of its votes would be required to secure a nomina- 
 tion, t'.ius defeating Van Buren's nomination at the first ballot. Virginia [Ritchie], Tennessee 
 [Polk], Mississippi [Walker] and Georgia, went together steadily during the first seven bal- 
 lots, lor Cass, not giving Van Buren a single vote. On the 8lh ballot, Tennessee left Cass for 
 Polk, and in the middle of the 9th, the N. Y. delegation gave way, the farce closed, and the 
 yote lor Polk was unanimous I The result was, that although Jackson was warmly attached 
 to iiiair he had to make way for Polk's friends — and the printing of Congress, which a com- 
 pany of mechanics offered to do, as well as Ritchie does it, and §30,000 a year cheaper, was 
 the fit reward of the intrigues of the Nashville Union, and his new partner of the Richmond 
 Enquirer. Was there a bargain 1 Is it even probable that Jackson really desired the election 
 of Van Buren 1 P(jlk knew that Ritchie was an original enemy of Jackson's claims, but he 
 also knew his influence in Virginia. He seems to nave agreed with the principal, Ritchie, 
 and the agent, Virginia, followed of course. If no one bargained for a reward, it is marvel- 
 lous how they all got it. Polk had the White House; Ritchie and Heiss, the printing; 
 Woodbury, the Bench; Cave Johnson, the Post-office; Bancroil, the Navy; Marcy, the War 
 office; Gillet, [anti-Cass] the Registership; Butler, his old berth; Mason (from Tyler's cabi- 
 net), the Attorney Generalship. Tyler gave his influence, as president of the U. S. and Texas 
 was annexed. The Van Buren section wanted Coddington for Collector here : but the Marcy 
 section, with the aid of Hojrt's letters, (about the opportune appearance of which there is yet a 
 secret untold,) put in Lawrence. The scheming at Baltimore, in the Convention, began witli 
 rrayer and praise ; after which the clergyman, with very good taste, read to them the 101st 
 psalm, " He that worktth deceit shall not dwell vjUhin my hmise : he that tellelh lies shtdl not tarry 
 in my sight." 
 
 I would advise some active and honest editor to take a list of the Convention and compare 
 it with Polk and Walker's appoiutments, with the names of the directors of the pet banlcs, 
 
if 
 
 MaRCY's INTRI0UK8. A PEEP BEHIND THE CURTAIN. 
 
 393 
 
 Jwhil.' it threatened nnv 
 Id nc\^-[ i'r-'Wo ei;, 
 bNsean delegation. If |,e 
 Ihi.s constituents, will be 
 fcy did they kec]) up Van 
 med on ana pretext" to ^jet 
 Id Van Huieii been on fhf 
 ^iffuace like the Ibllowin" 
 J)th ol Jan. 18-14 7 
 Innot maintain his honor- 
 Int. Now, sir, Col. King 
 br caught roughly by the 
 Ma that ho was the ^con- 
 Itreated, he will resent the 
 I same in regard to Gov 
 I twice repudiated in hi.^ 
 lician ; and it is not pre- 
 ket in any State of tlii> 
 
 nd Hciss at Nashville to 
 ence to either. This was 
 Tinting oi" Congress. He 
 scrip and lands. He lived 
 itual liondage, as if thev 
 power, Blair woiild have 
 c, would compel V. B. to 
 r the detestable gains of 
 lonbtful. That had been 
 quirer, in the form of let- 
 hlle Union, [Flogan and 
 Lonnecticut and Virginia 
 lion, and coaxed Iliichie 
 lore and more harmonious 
 Iwked Blair for censurini: 
 n, and that thev had the 
 oguc, and would prove an 
 or 70 yrars. Before tJie 
 told that Polk would be 
 Hblic journal or meetine 
 Convention met, Ritchie's 
 and Tennessee went cor- 
 !red to secure a notnina- 
 mia [Ritchie], Tennessee 
 iiring the first seven bal- 
 t, Tennessee lefl Cass for 
 he farce closed, and the 
 son was warmly attached 
 Congress, which a com- 
 KK) a year cheaper, was 
 irtner of the Richmond 
 really desired the election 
 ackson's claims, but he 
 h the principal, Ritchie, 
 a reward, it is man-el- 
 nd Heiss, tlie printing: 
 Navy; Marcy, the War 
 :son (from Tyler's cabi- 
 itofthe U.S. and Texas 
 tor here: but the Marcy 
 of which there is yet a 
 Convention, began witJi 
 , read to them the 101st 
 Hklh lies shall not tarn/ 
 
 mvention and compar» 
 ctors of the pet banlfs. 
 
 wiih the N. V. Custom House, lieginning with Peter Crawford, and with Oliver Lcc & Co. 
 pel bankers, Buffalo, and if he does not obtain nresuinptive proof of a base and mercenary 
 bartrain to elc(;t James K. Polk, and of the fuUilment of its [lersonal and pecuniaiy couUi- 
 lions, too, 1 shall l)e most agreeably mistaken. 
 
 Those who have known William L. Marcy long and well, assure me, and I believe it, 
 that he is an adroit, managing mun— more so, perhaps than Van Buren; cautious, but un- 
 der no control of principle, in the War Department, Marcy expects to make afortune(for 
 somebody), out of the vast contracts and patronage in his gill. He went into the scheme of 
 Canadian anne.Yation — advised his friends on the frontier — was privy to his wife's brother's 
 junetion with us at Navy Island — on the very best terms with certain influential Canadians 
 — came to Buffalo <liiring the troubles in January, 1838, and spoke .strongly in favor of tlie go- 
 anead policy to certain friends ot the C;'ii;iu. "ns. Walworth and Croswell, and Porter, fthen 
 Register), took the same view. Wh-.n Van Buren saw that the aflair was a failure, or likely 
 so to be, he advised Marcv, Croswjil, &c., to wheel about, and they did so. The British par- 
 liamentary papers show that Marcy hired emissaries, and was really active in procuring infor- 
 mation for the Canadian authorities, and the Journal of Commerce rightly said, Jan. 10, 1838, 
 " We have thk bkst authoiiity lor stating, that there is a gtaxl understanding in regard to the 
 Canada troubles, between the cabinet at Washington and tlie British minister," Fox. In his 
 present position, in case of war, there would be a suspension of cash payments, the banks 
 would lend their worthless paper to the government, and live in clover — the war bureau would 
 be the leading department of the administration — the influence of its head would be immense; 
 and he might look with good hope to the reversion of Polk's chair, although I am told he flatters 
 Walker and Polk, by telling them that war would a.ssuredly .secure it either to the one or the 
 other. Tlie Sub-Treasury, ifimrkcd at^aui, Hiryt fashion, would be a real gold mine. 
 
 On the 5th of September, 1843, a state Convention met at Syracuse ,W. L. Marcy, president 
 — 79 for Marcy, 40 for Young. The plan was, to name at once, 31 delegates, to represent the 
 State at Baltimore in the Presidential convention, and it was Marcy's wish to have a majority 
 of them compo.sed of politicians whom he could control, so as to appear to support Van Buren, 
 but in reality to go for the candidate who would pay best — say lor Cass; or lor Polk, if Cass 
 proved unavailable. Failing to get that majority, Marcy w"as dropt as one of the State dele- 
 gates, and Young taken. A committee to choose delegates was appointed, and the choice of a 
 delegate Ibr each congressional district lelt to the member of that committee for that district, 
 Oliver Lee, the Buffalo [Folk pet] banker, Erastus Corning, Daniel S. Dickinson, J. W. Brown, 
 Hen.y K. Smith, John C. Wright, Nathan S. Roberts of the canals, Thomas B. Mitchell, and 
 John Str)'kcr, were, 1 believe, strong Marcy dt'legaies ; but when the 30 assembled at Baltimore, 
 B. F. Butler and Samuel Young headed tiie Van Buren .section, and they were the most nume- 
 rous ; that cause alone is .stated to have prevented Marcy and his friends from giving the vote of 
 New York to Cn.ss on the 7tli ballot, which, with the influence it would have carried, would have 
 secured to Cass the nomination. On the eighth ballot, Georgia, Tennessee, the Bancroft sec- 
 tion of the Mas.saehusetts delegation, Wfxidbury's interest (New Hampshire), Walker's folks 
 (Mississippi), and two from Pennsylvania (personal friends of Buchanan) went for Polk — on 
 the 9th, ah parties took him np ; and Calhoun's men, Pickens and Elmore, who were in tlie 
 secret, played their parts in the drama, going heartily (not a doubt of it) for " Polk and Texas, 
 Texan scrip, and down with liberty and the ways of seventy-six." 
 
 The New York delegation, so far as the Croswell, Marcy, and Dickinson section were con- 
 cerned, are generally believed to have desired to throw Van Buren overboard, and to have 
 secretlv canva.tsed against him, and told other members of the Convention, that so much could 
 be said to his discredit, that if nominated, all would be a failure, and New York State lost ; 
 which was probably true. Why did Butler and the majority, on the opposite side, prevent the 
 nomination of Cass from Michigan, and call forward Polk, whom his editor, Hei.ss, knew and 
 had already announced as the nominee, though he was 700 miles distant 1 In May, 1844, Dr. 
 Beekman, banker, Kinderhook, a friend of Van Buren, and ni>w a senator, was on a visit to 
 Albany ; and he reported on his return, that Marcy, Dickinson, and Croswell were undermin- 
 ing him and deserting his camp. Van Buren wrote to Butler immediately, and the latter set 
 off on his well known mission to Nashville, armed with instructions to tickle Jackson's vanity, 
 by asking him to come forward a third time as a candidate, and thus preserve the party 
 from ruin. This he well knew that Jackson would not do ; but the Boston Post, as instructed, 
 declared that his health, jiist then, had not been so robust for years ; and in the Convention, 
 May 28th, a member pioposed him, but it did not take. Van Buren's retreat could not be thus 
 covered. At Nashville, a secret arrangement was made, that if Van Buren could not be 
 nominated, Polk should be, in preference to Cass. Is this the reason why Butler was appoint- 
 ed to a $20,000 office here, by Polk, the moment he had the power 1 What is the tenure by 
 which he now holds it 1 Butler, in convention, wanted to take the lead in proposing Polk, 
 when the time had come to drop Van Buren, but Hubbard was before him ; and the man 
 whom Jones, a whig, had defeated in Tennessee, at the then next previous election for go- 
 vernor, by a plurality of 3,833 out of 112,781 votes, thus became President of the Union, with- 
 
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 •! f^> ■'•;■ ^ 
 
 294 BUTLER AND CO. BULLY ' THE SOUTH AND TRADE OFF* THE NORTH. 
 
 out even a township nomination, and in the teeth of instructions by 16 state conventions to 
 support another. Van Buren never got over 12 votes from the whole of the slave states. In, 
 irigue had been his element, and his own pupils now outshone their master. 
 
 The Democratic Review for June looked fas a last resource) to a junction of the free north 
 and west, and the abjuration of the slaveholders, if no bargain could be made with them. The 
 reader will at once see that Butler, and not the Regent (O'Su)livan), must have been the WTiter 
 of the following paragraphs, which are by authority : 
 
 " It is possible, very possible, that he [Van Buren] may not be nominated — that many of hii<i 
 " own personal friends within its (the Baltimore Convention's) members, not loving Ca!sar less 
 " but Rome more, may be the first to east.-i reluctant and sorrowful vote against his name. If 
 " the Convention should come to the conclusion, on a bro.id survey of the whole ground, that 
 " the influence of this new question [Texas] is really and truly such as to destroy or endanger 
 "the hope of his election — thar any other candidate, worthily fulfilling the condition of being 
 " a true and trusty democrat, can bring more favorable auspices into the contest with the com- 
 " mon foe — be it so. Though we have never before assumed the right to speak for Mr. 
 " Van Buren, yet on this occasion and this point we do not hksitate to assert, that he 
 " will himself, in that event, be found foremost among the first, and truest among the true, in 
 "support of the decision of the Convention." 
 
 The writer next specially addresses the slave states, THE SOUTH, telling them the conse- 
 quences that would follow their deviation from the decision of the party, when delivered at 
 Baltimore. These are his words : 
 
 H^ " Why, there will be a burst of indignation from the NORTH for which you are little 
 Ij" prepared. They will abj'.ire you and your capricious, if not treacherous ALi.iANcf., and 
 i:;^* leave you to sustain yourselves by yourselves, against all the forms of foreign attack, 
 5;;^ which will then be a thousand fold multiplied and embittered. No son of yours need 
 5^ then indulge a vain aspiration for that high honor for which the votes of Northern Demo- 
 J^ cracy are threefold more necessary than those of Southern Chivalry. The great free 
 j:^ North and the great free West will then take the matter of President-making into their 
 J;^ own steadier and trustier hands." 
 
 On the 23d of April, 184-1, in the correspondence of the N. Y. Evening Po.st, I find it re- 
 marked, that " If the cause of our disasters, as many of our best and most constant advocates 
 of republicanism : 3em to think. Is the want of f^a. new name at the head of our ranks,.^;! 
 we are willing, as individuals, to abandon our first choice, and to rally with equal ardor to the 
 standard of Cass, Joiiason, or anybody else." 
 
 Judge Douglass of Illinois has recently proclaimed the important fact, that the Texas and 
 Oregon resolution adopted at Baltimore, was drawn up by R. J. Walker, and offered to the 
 Convention by his brother adventarci, Benjamin P. Butler, as one of their claptraps for 
 President making. Van Buren opposed to Texas, and his man, Butler, taking the lead for it ! 
 The Resolution is in these words : 
 
 " Resolvcil, That our title to the wholo of the territory of Oregon is clear and unquestionable ; 
 that no portion of the same ought to be ceded to England or any other power ; and that the 
 reoccupation of Oregon, and tlie re-anne.xation of Texas, at the earliest practical period, are 
 great American measures, wliich this Convention recommends to the cordial support of the 
 democracy of the Union." 
 
 Looking at the corrupt and mercenary character of Butler, we ask the reader if his position 
 as district attorney here, is not presumptive evidence that when he thus shifted round to become 
 Walker's catspaw, there was an understanding, the conditions of which Polk hastened to fulfil 1 
 Walker was Van Buren's most determined enemy at Baltimore ; Butler his professedly 
 warmest friend. He went to Baltimore with Young, to oppose annexation. Why did he 
 there become Polk's organ for denouncing as traitors all who would not consent to it ? 
 Walker vehemently denounced Van Buren becau.se \\Qilunt not go foi annexation. Why did 
 he propose to the Convention that Silas Wright, who professed the very same creed as Van 
 Buren, and had voted against annexation in the senate, should be the candidate for Vice 
 President 1 and why did the knaves, who had voted down Van Buren on that score, vote up 
 Wright at Walker's nod ? Was ihere any principle there 1 Butler's resolution on "Texas, as 
 adopted, implied a censure on Benton, Wright, and Van Buren, for not going straight with 
 the party 1 
 
 Tiie under.standing, when Polk led Nashville, was, that Flagg, our Comptroller, should be 
 put at the head of the treasury ; but Walker and others influenced him so that he decided 
 that the member of the cabinet for N. Y. should be Marcy, for the department of war. 
 Maicy, I am well inlormed, is much more practical than Bancroft, whom he manages, and 
 thus controls in a large degree, the navy. He may out-general Van Buren yet, although it is 
 but a lottery. He was re-elected go\'ernor of this state in Nov., 1836, witli nearly 3,000 
 majority. In the winter of 1837, the party were omnipotent. Nine months alter they were 
 
 k 
 
fPF' THE NORTH. 
 
 16 state conventions to 
 lof the slave states, in 
 •aster. 
 
 linction of the free north 
 
 e made with them. The 
 
 lust have been the writer 
 
 mated— that many of his 
 fs, not loving Cccsar le&s 
 M against his name. If 
 I the whole ground, that 
 Is to destroy or endanger 
 t: the condition of bein-^ 
 he contest with the con^ 
 
 hiGIIT TO SPEAK TOR Mr 
 
 Itate TO ASSERT, that he 
 Truest among the true, in 
 
 J, telling them the conse- 
 larty, when delivered at 
 
 lor which you are little 
 
 ACHEROUS ALMANCK, and 
 
 orms of foreign attack. 
 No son of yours need 
 3tes of Northern Demo- 
 ralry. The great free 
 udent-making into their 
 
 sning Post, I find it re- 
 most constant advocates 
 3 head of our ranks 4:^ 
 Kvith equal ardor to^ 
 
 fact, that the Texas and 
 Jker, and olTered to the 
 of their claptraps for 
 r, taking the lead for it! 
 
 arand unquestionable- 
 
 r power ; and that the 
 
 St practical period, are 
 
 cordial support of the 
 
 le reader if his position 
 "•'teJ round to become 
 Folk hastened to fulfil 1 
 Butler his professedly 
 •xation. \V-hy did he 
 Id not consent to it? 
 inncxation. Why did 
 ly same creed as Van 
 le candidate Ibr Vice 
 >n that score, vote up 
 ^solution on Te.xas, as 
 t going straight with 
 
 omptrollcr, should be 
 1 so that he decided 
 department of war. 
 am he manages and 
 'en yet, although' it is 
 6, witli nearly 3,000 
 nlhs alter they were 
 
 GEORGE BANCROFT. VAN BUREN FOR POLK AND DALLAS. 
 
 295 
 
 ciitircly routed. E. Lamed, Marcy's relative, is president of one of the copper companies on 
 Lake Superior. Tliey are all in Marcy's department. He also locates the lands. S. C. 
 Frc)-, a brother-in-law of Mr. Calhoun, a late M. C. from Mass. wrote me last Nov., thai 
 when the insurrection broke out in Canada, in 1837, Mr. Wills, senator from St. Lawrence 
 county, was requested to see Gov. Marcy on the subject ; that he did so, and immediately 
 
 wrote to Morristown to , " Tell your Canadian friends that they may rest assured 
 
 that Gov. Marcy will interfere no farther than the laws of the country compel him, and that 
 they have his best wishes for their success." " With the example of neutrality law, as admin- 
 istered in the case of Texas, and Jackson's unmeaning proclamations [Frey writes me] we 
 interfered ; but soon found that our rulers were far more anxious to extend the area of slaveiT 
 than that of freedom ; and that our laws had one aspect and operation on the banks of the St. 
 Lawrence, and quite another on the borders cf slave-freeing Mexico." When the time 
 coiivss, Mr. Marcy and his friends will have facts that may be as inconvenient to hear, as if 
 given now. 
 
 George Bancroft, like Marcy, has " principle in proportion to his interest." A northern 
 man, he set up for Congress in 1834, with an address to suit the meridian of Massachusetts, 
 of which a sample follows : 
 
 " Slaves are capital ; the slaveholder is a capitalist. Free labor will be the first to demand 
 the abolition of slavery ; capital will be the la.st to concede it. We would not interfere with 
 the domestic regulations of New Orleans or Algiers, but we may demand the instunt abolition 
 of the slave tiade in the District of Columbia, and should assist free labor to recover its rights 
 in the capital of the country. • ♦ * ♦ GEORGE BANCROFT." 
 
 Bancroft was formerly a schoolmaster, his associate being Joseph G. Cogswell of N. Y., he 
 was originally much opposed to Jackson, but conformed, as he dici at Baltimore, and now does 
 in the Polk cabinet. He is a sensible speaker, but no orator ; and stuck to Van Buren till 
 matters Avere otherwise arranged. His best performance is his history. In his eulogy or* Old 
 Hickory, delivered at Washington, he ofTered a specimen of anti-climax, thus : 
 
 " And Jackson returned to his own tields and his own pursuits, to cherish his own planta- 
 tion ; to care for his servants ; to look after his stud." 
 
 Only five entire states, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio, New York, and Missouri, voted 
 against the two-third rule. It was evident that Van Buren was believed to be odious among 
 the people, evervwhere ; yet, had Ritchie said the word. Van Buren would have had the 
 nomination, such is the power of leaders to combine for the spoils, in the way that will pro- 
 mote their interest. Walker was strong against Van Buren ; and Rantoul, whom Tyler 
 wanted to make secretary of the treasury, sp()ke against Butler, and for the two-thirds. Mar- 
 cy said little, but set others forward. Van Buren got 146 votes at first, and went down gradu- 
 ally to 99. M'Nulty, the ex-clerk of Congress, was strong for Van Buren. Frazer of Pa., 
 who was in Buchanan's confidence, canvassed and made speeclies for Polk ; and Cave John- 
 .son announced for Blair and Rives that they would go lor the nominee, be he who he might. 
 Senator Allen, of Ohio, S. Medary, B. Tappan, Jacob Brinkerhoff, and Dr. Alex. Duncan, 
 were for V. B. Senators Hannegan [the son of an Irish emigrant], and Haywood, were foi' 
 Cass. In reply to Walker, Butler said " he was very sorry, indeed, to find his friends, Messrs. 
 Walker, of Mississippi, and Saunders, of N. Carolina, referring to the precedent of 1840; the 
 log-cabin, hard cider, coon hunting precedent of 1840. He could stamp them under his feel 
 (lie was understood to say, stamping violently on the floor as he spoke)." Walker rejoined 
 that Butler's was the finest specimen of tall vaulting he had seen ol a long lime. Walker, in 
 1840, was a Van Buren delegate to Baltimore. 
 
 I was present at a large meeting in the Park, N. Y., on June 4th, to respond to the nomina- 
 tion of Polk and Dallas, and heard a letter from Van Buren read, whicli riad been addressed 
 to Gansv. Melville and others, from Lindenwald, June 3, 1844 : 
 
 H^" I have known Messrs. Polk and Dallas long and intimately. I have had frequent 
 ^;^ opportunities for personal observation of their conduct in the discharge of high and re.spon- 
 fj= sible public duties. The latter has by my appointment represented the country abroad 
 5^* with credit and usefulness ; they are both gentlemen possessed of high character; of un- 
 O" questioned and unquestionable ])alriotism and integrity ; able to discharge the duties of the 
 g:^- stations for which they have been respectively nominated, with advantage to the country, 
 j;^ and honor to themselves. Concurring with ihem in the main, in the political principles 
 ij' by which their public lives have been hitherto distinguished, I am sincerely desirous for 
 3^ their success." 
 
 At a similar meeting held inFaneuil Hall, Boston, Mr. Bancroll said : that man who would 
 agree to a mean submission to England, as to Oregon, let him turn aside and not vote 
 for Polk — that as to Texas, Polk -would not be found a lackey, taking his cue from St. 
 James's; that there would be no war with Mexico; andthatihe convention "looked with one heart 
 to Young Hickory of Tennessee. Startling was the ellect when the delegation from Maine an- 
 nounced its vote for James K. Polk ! Clieoring, most cheering followed the plumper froD) 
 
t.L ■ 
 
 ( 
 
 296 
 
 CASS AND THE INDIANS — COL. YOUNG. O'SULLIVAN. 
 
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 New Hampshire. And then, ere the final result was announced, came the unanimous vote j 
 of Massachusetts, and in succession, the unanimous vote of every state." Genu il Ca.ss's sue. I 
 cess in Georgia and Alabama is accounted for by a reference to his efforts to harass the poor 
 Indians. Half the Globe of March 31, 1834, is tilled with his strictures on the Supreme Court 
 for its honest decision of the Georgia question. He concludes, " First, that civilized com- 
 munities have a right to take possession of a country, inhabited by barbarous tribes, to as- 
 sume jurisdiction over them, and to ' combine within narrow limits, ' or, in other words, to ap- 
 propriate to their own use, such portion of the Territory, as they think proper. Second, that 
 in the exercise of this right, such communities are the j udges of the extent of j urisdiction to be as- 
 sumed, and of Territory to be acquired." He thenargues, that this power of judging rests with 
 cbe States, the legislatures of which may subject Indians, M'ho have not yielded up their sove- 
 reignty, to what laws they please. As Van Buren was of Jackson's opinion, and as Jackson, 
 Butler, Woodbury, and all the cabinet were of one mind (for so .sailh Cass), the removal of the 
 Cherokees, and the bloodhounds set upon the Seminoles was surely glory enough! The In- 
 dians were driven westward, just a hundred years from the time when John We.sley had land- 
 ed at Savannah, a missionary of Christ to convert them. That teacher of teachers got a lesson 
 there. A grand jury of the colonists indicted hirn as a law-brealccr, and the magistrates pro- 
 nounced his departure a flight from justice ! Ninety years after, and with the express per- 
 mission of the President of the United States, Sanmel A. Worcester went to preach to these 
 Indians, was arrested for so doing, ordered for four years to the penitentiary of Georgia, and 
 only released when the Supreme Court of the Union had, through Mr. Justice McLean's excel- 
 lent and logical argument and decision, pronounced a barbarous law and the action thereon, 
 null and void. 
 
 Colonel Young, at Baltimore, was true to Van Buren, and opposed the canvass for Polk 
 as long as he could. A letter from a friend at the Convention, to his friend here, says, " Col. 
 " Young is quite in a rage, and even hints that the friends of the other candidates have con- 
 " spired to defraud V. B. Every delegate from Pennsylvania was pledged under hand and 
 " seal to vote for V. B., but several of the most active of them visited Buchanan previously, 
 " at Washington, who told them to support a motion that would be made for a two-third rule, 
 " and alter that do as they pleased. Twelve out of five-and-t\venty did so, and when V. B.'s 
 " day had gone past, arrangements were made to bring forward the Texan candidate. Young 
 " declares thai Cass, Calhoun, Woodbury, Walker, and even Johnson, are among the con- 
 " spirators; and that the democratic platform, of fidelity to instructions, is knocked from under 
 •' our feet, the party cleil in twain, and Texas and its abominations, tied round our necks like 
 " a millstone. Texas is to be acquired by propagandism and incorporation, the principles 
 " which drove Europe into arms against the ambitious and reckless spirits in the French re- 
 " public. By encouragement, secret sometimes, avowed when it was thought best, Italy, 
 " Switzerland, the Rhenish provinces, the Tyrol, Belgium, &c. were induced to revolt against 
 " the existing powers. TjTanny used the form and sacred name of liberty to induce lhe.se 
 " countries to exchange one set of masters for another — tlie imperial decree went Ibrth, and 
 "liberty and annexation, of the true Texan stamp, went hand in hand. Where are an- 
 " nexing principles to terminate 1 At Cape Horn ? At the north pole 1 Shall we annex 
 " Cuba, St. Domingo, Jamaica, the whole West Indies, en passant, with slavery as a sort of 
 " shade or veil to liberty's brightness, and all to uphold our ' peculiar institutions V If we try, 
 " I fear that the example of France will keep good throughout." Young's passion cooled. 
 He headed the electoral ticket which gave the votes of N. Y. to Polk and Dallas, and they 
 owe to New York not only their nomination, .'lut also their election ; nor could Van Buren, in 
 1836, have been elected \vithout New York. He richly deserved his fate in 1840 and '44. 
 
 Van Buren's friend, O'Sultivan, in the ppity journal here, the Democratic Review, let the 
 cat out cf the bag, and confessed that the leaders considered public virtue f;^ all a humbug 
 I quote the number for April, 1843 : " Since the election of 1840, we have pretty much ceased 
 " to speak of, or confide in, the ' intelligence of the people.' . . . We confess we could 
 " haraly forbear exclaiming in vexation and contempt, ' well, after all, nature will out ; the 
 " poor devils, if we but let them alone, will make cattk of themselves, and why should we 
 " waste our time and substance in trying to hinder them from making themselves cattle 1' 
 "... If we wish to secure to ourselvns and our posterity the blessings of freedom and 
 " good government, we must procure stronger guJirantees than popular suffrage and popular 
 " virtue and intelligence. . . . Suffrage rests for its basis, as a guarantee of freedom and 
 "good government, on the assumed intelligence and virtue of the people. Now this may be 
 " very beautiful in theory, but when we come to practice, this virtue and intelligence o: the 
 " people is all a humbug." When the election of Polk and Dallas had put our slanderers into 
 power again, their Review wheeled roimd, and hoisted up the millions from their place v/ith the 
 cattle to the old perfectional standard of 1829. 
 
 A brief sketch of the life of George Mifflin Dallas of Philadelphia would induce many 
 readers to conclude like me, that what is called democracy, the democratic party, is, so far 
 as most of the leaders or chiefs are concerned, an agreement to hunt together after public 
 
 
lULLIVAN. 
 
 lame the unanimous vote 
 Jte." Gene, il Cass's ,T ' 
 (efforts to harass the S;j 
 
 >es on the Supreme cE' 
 [First that civilized com 
 f barbarous tribes, ,o at 
 
 J or, mother words to at 
 Ink proper. Second, t£ 
 
 fcntofjurisdictiontobeas 
 r?a«dgingrestswS; 
 hot yrelded up their sov. 
 
 l»^ass;, the removal of thp 
 
 t/«'jn Wesley had land- 
 
 Ki';,^';»agistratespro. 
 *ncl with the express Lr 
 
 fr went to preach to th^ 
 litentiary of Georgia, S 
 J Justice McLean's excel- 
 and the action thereon, 
 
 >sed the canvass for Polk 
 f, '"end here, says, " Col 
 
 her catididates have con 
 [pledged under hand and 
 fed Buchanan previously 
 
 ,ade (or a two-third rule 
 laid so, and when V B'<.' 
 fexan candidate. Yoml' 
 ,J«on, are among the con- 
 s.^s knocked frSm under 
 tied round our necks l?ke 
 "rporation,theprincipks 
 ^Pints in the French re 
 was thought best, IfalJ 
 nduced to revolt aVainlt' 
 
 'liberty to induceC 
 1 decree went forth, and 
 'land. Where are an- 
 poJe Shall we annex 
 th slavery as a sort of 
 institutional' ir^'J 
 ^J*""? « Pa'^sion cooled.' 
 Ik and Dallas, and thev 
 
 .orcouldVan'Bu.en,S 
 ate m 1840 and '44 
 
 locraticUevieu-, let'the 
 ^'"er^allahmnbug 
 ^^Prettymuchceaseli 
 VVe con/ess we could 
 ', nature will uut ; the 
 
 ^^ and whv should we 
 ^g themselves cattle V 
 
 ;sjngs of freedom and 
 suffrage and popular 
 
 antec oi freedonf and 
 ^' Now this may be 
 nd mtelligence a'' the 
 ut our slanderers into 
 m their place -vith the 
 
 would induce many 
 atic part)', is, so far 
 together after public 
 
 ALEXANDER J. AND GEORGE M. DALLAS. 
 
 297 
 
 plunder, or to divide it among the initiated when obtained, by a sort of scale previously agreed 
 on. Dallas, the champion of the U. S. bank in 1832, was Van Buren's choice, as ambassador 
 to Russia, in 1837, and the selection of the leaders at Baltimore, in 1844, for Vice President of 
 the U. S., with the cry of eternal hostility to a National Bank ! If I cannot put such men to 
 shame, I can and dare express for their mean conduct that contempt which a true republican 
 ought to feel. 
 
 George M. Dallas was bom on the 10th of July, 1792, at Philadelphia— is the eldest son of 
 Alexander James Dallas, a lawyer of Scotch extraction or birth, who came to America in 
 1783, became Secretary of the U. S. Treasury last war, died in Jan. 1817, and is spoken of by 
 Col. Duane as artful, ambitious, one of the worst of the public men of that age. While at 
 the head of the Treasury, Oct. 17, 1814, he thus describes the effect of the pet bank system, 
 which, equally av/are of its viciousness, his son George and M. Van Buren united in 1834, to 
 re-establish. 
 
 "The multiplication of banks In the several states has so increased the quantity of paper cnrrency, that it 
 " would be difficult to calculate its auiount ; and still more dltncnlt to ascertain its value, with reference to the 
 " capitiil on which it has been issued. But the benefit of even this paper currency is in a great measure lost, 
 " as the suspension of payments in specie at most of the banks has suddenly broke the chain of accommodation, 
 " that previously extended the credit and the circulation of the notes which were emitted in one state into 
 " every state in the Union. It may in general bo affirmed, therefore, that there exists at this time no adequats 
 " circnlating medium common to the citizens of the United States. The nionicd transactions of private life r.re 
 " at a stand ; and the fiscal operations of government labor under extreme inconvenience. It is impossible 
 " that sucli a state of things should be long endured." 
 
 With the above official statement, addressed to J. W. Eppes, chairman of the Ways and 
 Means in Congress, he sent the plan of a new National Bank as the remedy, and his plan 
 was, 1st, that it should be chartered for 20 years, with power to place its branches anywhere 
 through the states, 50 millions capital, 100,000 shares of ^500 each — 2d, that corporations, 
 companies cm: individuals might subscribe for 30 millions, and the United States government 
 be a partner, holding 20 millions of the stock — 3d, that of the 30 millions, four-tifths, or 24 
 millions, should be paid in certificates of public debt, and 6 millions in specie, the payments to 
 be at stated pcriods--4th, that the U. S. should pay its 20 millions in stock, (obligations to pay 
 at some future time,) and the bank lend the United States government 30 millions of dollars at 
 6 per cent interest ! — 5th, that neither the capital, the notes, nor the deposites or dividends 
 should be taxed, either by the U. S. or any state, and that no other bank should be chartered by 
 Congress — 6th, that there should be 15 directors, of whom the President of the U. S. should 
 choose five, one of whom to be the bank president, and the ten to be chosen annually by the 
 other stockholders, voting in proportion to their shares, by proxy nr in person — and 7th, that 
 the bank paper should be a good payment in all payments to the United States. At the same 
 time, Mr. Dallas proposed a tax of SO cents a gallon on all home distilled whiskey, gin, &c., 5 
 cents per lb. on tobacco Jind snuff, 3 cents per lb. on home made leather, 7 per cent on home 
 made paper, $300,000 on lawyers' processes, $250,000 on conveyances and mortgages, and 
 100 per cent, addition to the U. S. direct taxes, as the Customs revenues, which even a Jesse 
 Hoyt could not reduce below ten millions, did not exceed loui' in war times. I mention these 
 things to remind the prosix;rous that a war now would be their greatest enemy. 
 
 George M. Dallas was taught law by his father, went to Russia as Albert Gallatin's secretary 
 in April, 1813, in his 21st year, married Miss Nicklin, the daughter of a Philadelphia mer- 
 chant, and was appointed in Feb. 1817, Solicitor to the United States Bank. In 1824, he went 
 for Calhoun as President — was mayor of Philadelphia in 1828, and in 1829 appointed by Jack- 
 son the U. S. District Attorney for Pennsylvania, the legislature of which sent him to the U. 
 S. Senate in 1831. In 1832 he was entrusted by Nicholas Biddle with the petition of the U. S. 
 Bank for a new charter for 15 years, which charter he reported, as chairman of the Senate's 
 committee, and was throughout its unwearied and willing advocate. He declared the institution 
 to be very useful, even indispensable — he made many speeches in its favor, affirming, Jan. 30, 
 that the bank was " enacted under the influence of the purest motives, for admirable purposes." 
 He voted with Clay and Webster to put down a proposition requiring the consent of the State* 
 to the establishment of branch banks— he voted against Benton's amendment which went to pre- 
 vent foreigners from holding stock — and against Marcy's reserving to Congress the right to 
 repeal the charter, and to the states to tax the bank ; also against White's requiring the bank to 
 pay 3 per cent, on deposits. The bill passed June Uth, Dallas voting for it. July 10, Jackson 
 vetoed the bill, and declared it unconstitutional ; but wth Clay and Webster, Dallas, on the 
 13th, voted against the veto, and that the bill was constitutional and ought to pass. W. Wil- 
 kins, his brother-in-law, voted with him ; and on July 7, 1836, he wrote his memorable letter, 
 in which he said : " Of the Constitutional power of the National Government to create a bank 
 I did not then, nor do I now e^Uertain a douot. Of the ability of Congress to create seen a bank 
 as would be a safe machine of finance and a serviceable agent in preserving a sound curren- 
 cy, I THEN was, and stili^ am, convinced." His opposition to the scheme for converting the U. 
 S. Bank into a State Bank, evinced great judgment and foresight. Even the United States 
 Gazette now condemns that act. As a State Bank it sought to monopolize the cotton trade of 
 
 I 
 
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 'i't;;;H'fv:T^ 
 
 ^■riif^i;^-:':^;' 
 
 298 
 
 DALLAS, WILKINS, THE MILEAGE, AND THOMAS RITCHIE. 
 
 the south, and failed. It obtained the state stocks of Michigan and Indiana, and pledged them 
 in London for more than they were worth. " The United States Bank, by a suspension of 
 specie payments, had forfeited its cliarter. Its effects were about to pass into the hands of Re- 
 ceivers, whtn a Van Buren Grovernor [Porter] and Senate interposed, and not only saved its 
 life and lepralized a protracted suspension, but allowed the stockjobbers to receive dividends 
 while the Bank was paying its debts in irredeemable paper !" So .saith Weed. The Schuyl- 
 kill failed at the same time, and such was the mm-ality of the legislature and Gov. Porter, that 
 they allowed the Pennsylvania banks to divide 6 and 7 per cent, as profits, when they were 
 openly bankrupt. If the misery caused to thousands by the .sinking of 36 millions of capital 
 in the Schuylkill and U. S. Banks could be seen by the people, no such departures from the 
 laws of trade and currency would again be allowed. 
 
 The Baltimore Convention which nominated Polk and Dallas resolved, that they were op- 
 posed to the distribution of tlie proceeds of the public lands among the states. On July 3d, 
 1832, in Senate, Dallas and his brother-in-law, Wilkins, voted for Clay's bill to distribute the 
 proceeds of the public lands among the states, and that not by instructions, but as their unbi- 
 assed opinion. Clay, Emng, Bell, Webster, i'relinghuysen, Poindexter, and Dickerson were 
 on the same side, and the bill passed. So, too, on Internal Improvements, Dallas went with 
 Clay in 1832, against Benton, Van Buren and Jackson — and, in 1837, Van Buren made him 
 his Russian ambassador, offered him a seat in his cabinet in 1839, and in 1844 wrote to the 
 citizens of New York, that he approved of him as the candidate of the mdi-bank party for the 
 office of Vice-President! In 1833, Wolf appointed Dallas attorney-general of Pennsylvania. 
 In Senate, in 1832, Dallas voted against inquiring into Van Buren's conduct and in favor of 
 his appointment as ambassador to England. To be true to Van Buren and his confederates, 
 and able to serve the leaders, was the real test in 1837, and something akin to it is the test now. 
 The decision Dallas gave, as Vice-Prpsident, in March, 1845, that those who framed tlie law 
 for paying mileage to senators intended to place it in the power of the President of tlie U. S., 
 by calling a new session of the Senate to-morrow, as a successor to that which closes to-day, to 
 pay the senators over S30,000 for travelling many thousand miles to and from Washington, 
 when not one of them had left the city or travelled the first mile, was so iniquitous that I set 
 him down at once as little better than a cheat in democratic politics. When the session termi- 
 nated, March 3, he decided that the senators, not one of whom had left Washington, were en- 
 titled to mileage or travelling charges to and from their homes, however distant, though the 
 new executive sitting began within ten hours of the close of the old ! ! Such outrageous con- 
 duct encourages men in less elevated stations to act dishonestly. Ashley of Ark. got $1680 — 
 Barrow of La., $1840— Johnson, $1840— Sevier of Ark., $1680— Atchi.son of Mo., $1336— 
 Breese and Semple of Ills., ifil480 each — Jamagin of Tenn., $1200 — Woodbridge of Mich., 
 $903 — Bagby and Lewis of A'. a., $960 each — and so on for the others. Had this man not 
 been a profligate pretender, he had not received the support of Van Buren. I think it was one 
 of Bennett's Herald correspondents who exposed this iniquity in detail. He stated that Daniel 
 C. Dickinson, not satisfied with receiving pay for two journeys never performed, tried hard to 
 be paid for three ! How painful it is to have to write in tnis way of a man who was voted 
 for by millions of. men as the V. P. of the republic ! 
 
 V. P. Dallas is an excellent speaker, a man of prepossessing and dignified deportment, and 
 winning, courteous manners; and has the reputation rf being a good scholar. He is tall, 
 spare, and has an intellectual look, with a high, narrow forehead, thickly covered with long 
 silvery locks. 
 
 
 
 i' ■» 
 
 THOMAS niTCHIE. 
 The Editor of Tke Unimi, at Washington, is about seventy years of age — tall, thin, spare, and 
 rather bont — has a long, thin face, with a fine, bright eye, and a very prominent nose, but has 
 lost his teeth. His gait is quick, restless, and somewhat tremulous ; he is neat in his dress, 
 fond of talking, and unwearied in industry ; possesses tact, talent, great knowledge of men 
 and things ; is a lively old gentleman, affable, courteous, polite ; an editor of 42 years' stand- 
 ing, having commenced the Richmond Enquirer in his native state, on the 19th of May, 1804, 
 and left it with his sons, William F. and Thomas Ritchie, Junior, in the summer of 1844, when 
 he removed to Washington to take charge of Polk's new paper. Mr. Ritchie entered active 
 life as a teacher or usher in Richmond, was married on the 7th of February, 1807, to Miss Isa- 
 bella, daughter of Dr. William Foushde, sometime postmaster of Richmond, and who died in 
 1824, aged 75. In 1807, Ritchie was an enthusiastic advornle of home manufactures. That 
 year, in December, Mr. Monroe and family returned to Richmond from abroad, and at a Vir- 
 ginia Welcome given to him, the governor being in the chair, the sixth regular toast was, 
 »• American Manufoctures, the true support of genuine independence"— received with three 
 
tITCIIIE. 
 
 GREELEY ON RITCHIE— GREENE, DABNEV AND TEXAS. 
 
 299 
 
 ana, and pledged them 
 ik, by a suspension of 
 i into the hands of Re- 
 and not only saved its 
 s to receive dividends 
 Weed. The Schuyl- 
 e and Gov. Porter, that 
 refits, when they were 
 36 millions of capital 
 :h departures from the 
 
 red, that they were op- 
 le states. On July 3d, 
 's bill to distribute the 
 ons, but as their unbi- 
 r, and Dickerson were 
 lents, Dallas went with 
 Van Buren made him 
 in 1844 wrote to the 
 anti-bank party for the 
 neral of Pennsylvania, 
 anduct and in lavor of 
 and his confederates, 
 in to it is the test now. 
 ic who framed the law 
 President of the U. S., 
 which closes tOKiay, to 
 and from Washington, 
 io iniquitous that I set 
 ^hen the session termi- 
 Washington, were en- 
 rer distant, though the 
 Such outrageous con- 
 ^y of Ark. got ^1680— 
 li.son of Mo., $1336— 
 •Woodbndge of Mich., 
 8. Had this man not 
 en. I think it was one 
 He stated that Daniel 
 jrformed, tried hard to 
 a man who was voted 
 
 unified deportment, and 
 1 scholar. He is tall, 
 ;kly covered with long 
 
 e— tall, tlxin, spare, and 
 •eminent nose, but has 
 le is neat in his dress, 
 ;at knowledge of men 
 itor of 42 years' stand- 
 he 19th o£ May, 1801, 
 ;ummer of 1844, when 
 Ritchie entered active 
 iry, 1807, to Miss Isa- 
 lond, and who died in 
 manuiactures. That 
 abroad, and at a Vir- 
 :th regular toast was, 
 —received with three 
 
 fillers. Next lirst of June, a meeting was held at the capitol, Richmond, the governor presid- 
 ing, and Ritchie secretary ; when his (Ritchie's) fatlier-in-law proposed that a committee should 
 be named " to digest a j)lan for the establishment of manufactures," and the governor named 
 the late President Monroe, William Wirt, Peyton Randolph, George Hay, dfcc. The meeting 
 also resolved with one accord to appear at the next 4th of July dressed in articles the manu- 
 facture of some of the states. In 1829, Ritchie and his Enquirer had veered round to a nullifi- 
 cation of protecting tariffs — now he is for just enough of a tariff to lieep the wheels of govern- 
 ment well grea.sed. Mr. Ritchie's family is large and well educated, and his daughters are 
 married into wealthy and respectable Virginia families. I can easily imagine the immense in- 
 fluence which an active, energetic politician, all life and soul, all bone and sinew, would exer- 
 cise over an agricultural people he had been intimate with lor half a century, by referring to 
 the position I Ibund myself in, some ten years ago, though on a far less extensive theatre of 
 action. 
 
 Ritchie has always been what is called a democrat, but of the truckling, time-.serving kind. 
 Leggett told him, through the Evening Post, that he was a political hypocrite and tricKster— 
 John Randolph, that he was a man of " .seven principles ; five loaves and two fishes" — ihe elder 
 Duane (Sept. 1816) described him as the " self-convicted sycophant aiid tool of party" — Brooks 
 of the Express represents him as a very able, but narrow, contracted, selfish bigot — and Horace 
 Greeley (June 3, 1845,) sums up his politics as follows : 
 
 " When it was Democratic to asiail Gen. Jackson as utterly unfit for Civil or Political trust, no man asialled 
 liini more fiercely than Thomas Ritchie. But when, a Tew years theroarter, it became Democratic to commend 
 Gen. Jackson as the paragon of Statesmanship and trustworthineso, no man laid it on thicker than Thomas 
 Ritchie. In 1828, it was Democratic to advocate One Term only for a President, and Mr. Ritchie was very 
 earnest for that. In 1832 and 1840, it was Democratic to support a President for a Second term, and Mr. Ritchie 
 did bis utmost on that side. In '3!>-30, it was Democratic to advocate the Nullifying doctrines of Caihotm and 
 Hayne, and declare them the very counterpart of ' the Resolutions of '98,' and Mr. Ritchie did this very 
 thoroughly. In 1832-3, it was Democratic to condemn Nullification as utterly inconsistent with orthodox De- 
 mocracy, and Mr. Ritchie did this quite effectively. In 1834-5, It was Democratic to praise the Pet Banks Sys- 
 tem, and nobody did it more heartily than Mr. Ritchie. In 1838, It had become Democratic to go the whole Hog 
 for the Sub-Treasury and denounce the Pet Banks ; and though this was the hardest dose he had had yet, Mr. 
 Ritchie gulped it down for Democracy's sake. Nobody was more ardent than Mr. R. in support of Van Buren 
 while ' Democracy' smilrd on him ; nobody did more to crush Mr. V. B. when Southern ' Democracy ' turned 
 against him. Nay, more : our paragon of Democrats can be on both sides jf a vital question at the same time 
 when the interests of ' Democracy ' require it— can advocate Dorrism for the North and stand fast by Slavery 
 in the South— can sympathize with the victims of ' Algerlne ' tyranny in Rhode Island, but breathe not a 
 whisper oi dissatisfaction at the Constitution of his own Virginia which not only denies any vote at all to a 
 poor white man while it allows his rich neighbor a dozen, but actually vests the Political Power of the State in 
 about one-third of iu Legal Voters." 
 
 Ritchie can scold, fret, and be as abusive as John Van Biu-en when he likes — can sneer at 
 Noah as " the Swiss mercenary"— mock John Tyler, as being on his return to the path of de- 
 mocracy " now that he knows the whig party "—and hold up Jackson as a tyrant and a mtir- 
 derer, a curse and a blessing. 
 
 One of his subscribers thus addresses him, Sept. 25, 1838 : 
 
 " I like to show my colors sometimes. I went with you for the cun-boats, and against them, under Jefferson, 
 and for the war, and against the gun-boats, under Madison. I followed you and Jefferson agamst the bank, 
 ditto to you and Mndlson when he went for the bunk. I read your imper and supported Monroe when you and 
 he went against Jackson, and I turned ngalnst Adams, tooth and toe-nail ; and went lor Jackson when you did 
 the like. I loaded my fowling-piece when thoy liegon to talk about light-houses In the skies. I went for the 
 proclamation, and against the proclamation in spots, and, after that, 1 resolved not to split the party for any- 
 thing, and swallowed the removal of the deposits, the protest, the black lines, and Ifist, though not least, Mr. 
 Vi\n Buren and Col. Dick Johnson. But I confess I'm bothered now, I want light, and would like to know, 
 when it is convenient, whether I must go for principles without men, or men without principles 1" 
 
 Ritchie has been often chosen printer to the Virginia Legislature, and he pretended great in- 
 dependence of office in 1829, because his strictures on Jackson had left little hope of his getting 
 anything valuable then in that quarter. His letters, page 214 to 216, show his views for the 
 public eye. He is poor, lives in splendor, is a speculator, bets high, though not on General 
 Jack.son [see page 240], and advocates, through his Union, the turning out of the most upright 
 public servants, if they are not as slavish to party and leaders in power as spaniels to the whip. 
 " A Benjamin W. Greene of Richmond (says Blair's Globe) commenced without any capital 
 except his assurance," became a great speculator and jockey, dealt in Texas lands and every- 
 tliing ; and when Dabney disappeared, a defaulter for hundreds of thousands, Greene was 
 arrested as having had a large share of the .spoil, and sent to jail, but not kept there long. 
 Ritchie, his friend, sympathized with the evil-doers ; Mallory, a confederate, was arrested, but 
 ha, too, had backers. One thing is certaiu, Ritchie's pecuniary embarrassments were increased 
 

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 300 
 
 RITCHIE, HIS ENQl^IRER, AND GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON. 
 
 by these explosions ; and his errand at Washington, like Marcy's, is to patch his pantaloons, or 
 iu other words, make money, by monopolizing the printing ot the executive, the departments' 
 the Senate, and the House of Representatives; and charging some $50,000 to $75,000 more 
 for doing it than regular printers, bred to the business, could fairly exact. In other words, he 
 and his partner are getting some $65,000 a year, over and above an honest compensation, that 
 being their share (in pan) of the spoils of party, with the principle of pltinder lor its grip and 
 countersign, as per last settlement at Baltimore. 
 
 When Major Lewis and Mr. Polk quarrelled, Lewis had published a letter from Jackson 
 to him, dated April 8, 1845, which showed that he was much displeased with Polk for dis- 
 carding Blair. He says, " The Globe is to be bought ; by what political clique, and to sub. 
 serve what interest 1 Is the renegade politician ♦♦♦♦••♦to have an interest f Who 
 would trust him in politics or for money 7" Some say the seven stars meant General Siinon 
 Cameron of the Senate ; others strangely affirm that it was intended for Thomas Ritchie ! 
 One thing is certain. All other prints taken together, scarcely combined half the enmity and 
 bitterness toward Jackson that was manifested by Ritchie and his backers through Thb 
 ENaumER, from the moment they knew that he [Jackson] intended to compete with the 
 dynasty of Virginia for the imperial purple. [See Burr's letter. No. 296, page 259.] 
 
 In Eleceraber, 1818, Jackson wa.-? violently attacked in the Enquirer as having set the U. S. 
 government at defiance in the last war, and insulted it. 
 
 " I do not intend to follow him through the war he conducted against the Creeks in 1813-11. 
 I mention the bloody massacre of Talapooze, only to express my grief for it ; shame and 
 abhorrence. ♦ ♦ ♦ The historian admits, that the general well knew they had ample 
 reason for their desperation; and the general himself tells the world, in his official despatch, 
 that, after the pursuit, or rather hunt (literally with fire and sword), and the carnage had con- 
 tinued till darkness covered and concealed his miserable victims ; after he was apprised, that 
 of their thousand warriors not half an hundred remained ; after a whole night to cool and re- 
 flect on, the next morning the hunt and slaughter ' wcfe resumed, and sixteen' (all that could be 
 found), ' of the enemy slain, who had concealed themselves undsr the banks' Yet I will not urge 
 that as a peculiar reproach against General Jackson, which I rather regard as a stain upon 
 my country. History will record that his bloody deeds were received by his countrymen with 
 general applause, while the clemency of colonel Pearson was regarded with contempt and re- 
 sentment. Tndij, sir, American avarice of Indian lands is equal to Spanish avarice of Indian 
 gold." 
 
 Ritchie next reminds Jackson that he had got a grant from these poor crushed Creeks ; that 
 he (Ritchie) was .sorry to say that which might affect his [Jackson's] private character, but 
 that the transaction was such a one as the U. S. Senate had absolutely refused to sanction. 
 He accuses Jackson of wanton tyranny at New Orleans in proclaiming martial law ; adding, 
 that " The ready resort to violent measures in all situations of difficulty is generally the result 
 of weakness of understanding and wickedness of heart combined." That Jackson " rests his 
 defence upon the tyrant's plea, necessity" — but that, " During the arduous struggle of the re- 
 " volution, martial law was never once proclaimed. Amidst the distraction ot a civil war, 
 " when refugees and tories were embodied in the service of the enemy, and their friends and 
 " kinch-ed dispersed over the country. General Washington, though for a time clothed with af- 
 " most dictatorial powers, never proclaimed martial law. When Gteneral Green was flying 
 *' before Lord Cornwallis through the Carolinas, and his enemy was deriving almost as much 
 " aid from the tories as he c"uld obtain from the whigs of that country, he yet never proclaimed 
 " martial law." 
 
 Ritchie's journal proceeds to accuse Jackson of continuing this extraordinary rule " during 
 his ninety days' tyranny," when Avar had ceased, and of trampling on the freedom of the press, 
 and on the institutions of his countrv, of insulting a judge on the bench, banishing him, ex- 
 posing his function to contempt. " He demanded [says the Enquirer] leave to abuse and 
 vilify the judge ! The written defence he offered, being rejected by the court, was printed. I 
 should smile at its sophistry, if I were not alarmed at its audacity, and disgusted at the impu- 
 dence with which he pleads, as his protection from summary punishment, the very constitu- 
 tion and laws he had so long and so recklessly trampled under foot ; and denies his own plea 
 of necessity as a proper foundation for the known .settled practice of our courts of justice in 
 cases of contempt. He was fined a thousand dollars. In the course of the hearing he inter- 
 rupted, insulted and browbeat the judge on the judgment-seat." The ENauiRER goes on to 
 describe the deaths of Arbuthnot and Ambrister as wanton, cruel, unmanly murders. " Thus, 
 sir, has an American officer [Jackson] destroyed the lives of two of his fellow-creatures, 
 without any rightful power, without any adequate motive, and with such indecent precipi- 
 tancy as hardly to give time for prayer in the interval between judgment and death. Human- 
 ity bleeds at the recital ; and national pride sinks in the American heart, oppre.s,sed with the 
 load of shame and grief. He has abrogated the known laws of nations, and promulgated a 
 new code of his own, conceived in madncsn or folly and written in blood ; he has, in fine, 
 violated all laws human and divine, and violated them with impimity." 
 
 
^V JACKSON. 
 
 Ipatch his pantaloons or 
 fecutive, the departments' 
 pO.OOO to 875,000 more 
 Jcact. In other words, he 
 lonest compensation, that 
 r plunder lor its grip and 
 
 pd a letter from Jackson 
 >sed with Polk for dis- 
 Btical clique, and to sub. 
 fiave an interest ? Who 
 J-s meant General Simon 
 led for Thomas Ritchie i 
 lined half the enmity and 
 ■s backers through Tm- 
 Pd to compete with the 
 
 96, page 259.J 
 • as having set the U. S. 
 
 [st the Creeks in 1813-11 
 
 :rief for it ; shame anii 
 
 knew they had ample 
 
 L in his official despatch 
 
 ^nd the carnage had con- 
 
 !r he was apprised, that 
 
 lole night to cool and re- 
 
 ixtcen'(ja.n that could be 
 
 'ts.' Yet I will not urge 
 
 regard as a stain upon 
 
 by his countrymen with 
 
 ed with contempt and re- 
 
 '"awisA avarice of Indian 
 
 oor crushed Creeks; that 
 sj private character, but 
 utely refused to sanction 
 mg martial law ; addin"' 
 ;ty is generally the result 
 i nat Jackson " rests his 
 luous struggle of the re. 
 fraction ot a civil war 
 ly, and their friends and 
 r a time clothed with af- 
 leral Green was flying 
 lenving almost as much 
 le yet never proclaimed 
 
 aordinary rule " during 
 lie freedom of the press, 
 ch, banishing him, ex- 
 erj leave to abuse and 
 f court, was primed. I 
 disgusted at the impu- 
 nent, the very constitu- 
 nd denies his own plea 
 ir courts of justice in 
 f the hearing he inter- 
 e ENQuinER goes on to 
 tnly murders. "Thus, 
 " his fellow-creatures, 
 iuch indecent precipi- 
 it and death. Humau- 
 trt, oppres.sed with the 
 IS, and promulgated a 
 ;Iood; he has, in fine, 
 
 POLK, JOHNSON AND MACDUFFIE AGAINST CHEAP POSTAGE. 
 
 301 
 
 On the extracts just quoted from the Richmond Enquirer, I need offer no remarGs— but 
 any one who will look earei'ully upon the course taken by Jackson towards Calhoun, must 
 be .sensible that Ritchie, as the author (or publisher, if some friend of his was the anonymous 
 writer^ of them, was, to the hour of Jackson's death, looked upon as his malignant slanderer. 
 Yet Messrs. Polk, Walker, Marc)r, Cave Johnson, Br. roll and Mason hasten to turn out of 
 office a person in whom Jackson fully confided, and to piacc in his stead Ritchie, whoso press 
 had repre.sented him to his countrymen as an inhuman mon...er, unfit to live — until his popu- 
 larity became boundless, and had then meanly swallowed every offensive and violent expres- 
 sionj and become his most fawning para.site ! ! All this Polk and his confederates did, as an 
 annoyance and vexation to the old warrior, shortly before he breathed his last — and yet they, 
 one and all, uplifled the stave to praise Jackson in death ! ! A strange proof this of their sin- 
 cerity ! Hating, like Crawford, the emigrant, as he does, also, seemingly, the New England- 
 er, Ritchie supported Crawford and the caucus, with Van Buren in 1824 ; and said of Jack- 
 son, " We would deprecate his election as a curse to our country." This is the democrat (I) 
 on whom some $50,000 to $75,000 a-year are bestowed, by Polk and Walker, and Marcy 
 and the party ! This is the independent patriot who would not be the hanger-on of power, 
 and who disliked to see editors rewarded by and becoming the stipendiaries of the Executive ! 
 'Tis a waste of time and words to ask what are Ritchie's wishes or principles, for is it not 
 evident by his past career, that he is a plausible pretender to patriotism, with art enough to 
 keep up appearances before the people, and ever ready to sell his influence to the highest 
 bidderl [See Nos. 147a, 179a, 179*, and 239, in pages 201, 214, 215, and 240.] 
 
 Mr. Ritchie's old friends, the Virginia planters, breed slaves as an article of commerce ; 
 and Texas is a great mart for their unchristian traffic ; his family and connections are also 
 deeply interested in Texan lands and scrip. He was, therefore, with Calhoun, ready to risk 
 war rather than not add Texan senators to the Senate, and secure the power of' slavery 
 as omnipotent in the government. To his wholesale slanders, through Mr. Polk's Union, in- 
 tended to injure me with the American people, I offer no reply here ; and as to the dreadful 
 uagedy in which his son was such a conspicuous actor, and which resulted in the death of 
 Mr. Pleasants, he probably could not prevent it, and doubtless suflTered much pain from it. 
 
 Greene of Richmond, according to Dr. Mayo, page 119, is interested in Texas lands, over 
 8100,000. He is son-in-law to T. Ritchie, and a bankrupt. Of course, annexation will aid 
 him powerfully. The Tribune states, on personal knowledge, that Texas lands, scrip, dec. 
 are exercising a powerful influence over the press. 
 
 THE POSTAGE LAW, 
 
 Though not perfection, is one of the great and, I trust, enduring improvements of the age. 
 President Polk has given us Cave Johnson for postma.ster-general, whose narrow mind or 
 interest in slavery made him oppose that law in Congress. Of his administration I can say 
 but little. Thosd who ought to know, tell me that there arc no adequate checks in his depart^ 
 ment. Is he the man to devise and apply any such 1 When this excellent measure was at 
 its third reading, Colonel McDudie of S. C., pale and in bad health, rose to oppose it, because 
 it would be a burthen on the treasury, and President Polk sings the same song in his mes- 
 sage. He would " limit its expenditure to its income." When it was to expend many mil- 
 lions to drive the Indians from Florida, for the comfort of the slave-owners, and to risk war 
 with Mexico, &c., by the Texas move ; when it was to pay millions of revenue for armies, 
 nayies, and the apparatus of war, to support the slave system; in these things Cave Johnson 
 and James K. Polk willingly assented. Is not intelligence for all, as well worthy a small and 
 temwrary protection as the others 1 Is not intelligence a defence 1 Is not knowledge power 1 
 And is not cheap postage of letters and papers a great means of increasing knowledge 1 The 
 cost of northern postage is almost doubled to pay for carrying the mails to the different localities 
 in the south, where few receive or send letters except a few great slave-holding families. Our 
 postmaster here has an income far beyond the intention of the law, or the heads of depart- 
 ments at Washington. His duties are very plain, and he has an army of auxiliaries. Why- 
 should a man at Richmond, Cincinnati, Buflalo or Rochester get a box for $1 or $1J, and be 
 obliged to pay $4 here 1 Is this uniformity 1 Are not the boxes a great convenience to the 
 post-office 1 Why tax the small traders here four dollars, or deprive them of a right, in order 
 to put an enormous perquisite, perhaps $10,000. into an officer's well-filled wallet ? McDuffie 
 is about 55 years old— debilitated— much broken down— small— homely, with strongly-marked 
 characteristics of his Celtic origin. He declares that slavery is the chief corner-stone of re- 
 publican institutions— has a clear and logical mind— is not eloquent in the popular sense. 
 His language is neilher ornate nor imaginative : but, in argument, he is clear, logical, and 
 perspicuous. Morris's income must exceed $14,000 a-year. 
 
 Silas Wright is erroneously termed an anti-slavery man. That is a mistake. When in- 
 vited in the summer of 1837 to a public dinner at Burlington, Vennont, he wrote in his an- 
 swer, that Vermont was the home of his family, and that he left it, at the age of twenty, for 
 N •»- York state, in 1815 (when he came to study bw at Sandy Hill)— tliat Van Buren was 
 
V i ' V 
 
 I* 
 
 : I 
 
 
 ,l>.' •i-.'i'.'-. •.. 
 
 '-;■:-^^ ) 
 
 4 
 
 
 ,* • ' . I . 
 
 302 
 
 WRIGHT, VAN BURRN, AND THEIR |^^ PIP. RUB. SOD. 
 
 the rignt-arm of Tompkins, la^t war, when he sustained the Union; that "those fanatics (the 
 aholitionists) arc already attempting to agitate the public mind as to the evil of slavery in the 
 abstract," although " they knew wnll that tiny attempt to abolish slavery in the district of Co- 
 lumbia, while it exists iri the surrounding' states of Maryland and Virginia, cannot have the 
 effect to give freedom to a single slave, but would compel their transfer to new masters in the 
 slave states." Wright is opposed to the one term principle for the presidency. He wrote to 
 Ohio, Dec. 1849, that " the political fate of her [N. Y.J vice-presidents has been satisfactory 
 to her republicans, because they were permitted to serve out the time anticipated by their 
 friends. , . Not so with the Presidents, they have l)een permitted to pre.«ent. He [V.B.J served 
 but one term," &c. Wright voted for the Ashburton treaty ; and at Herkimer in 18vJ8, pre- 
 pared the resolve for Throop's nomination. He went Jackson as a "iad necessity. The harsh 
 correspondence in 1819 between Scott and Jackson is not forgotten. On the 4th of July anni- 
 versary dinner in 1820, at Albany, Van Buren presided, and one of the regular toasts was — 
 " Maior-Grenerals Peter B. Porter and Winfield Scott — they were among the first, and the last, 
 and the best in the field." Jackson's services were not even noticed, nor his name mentioned, 
 not even as a volunteer. Just eight years later, Van Buren was intriguing for Jackson all 
 over the Union. Here is a specimen : 
 
 Mr. Van Buren to C. A. Wickliffe. « New York, July 8, 1828. 
 
 " My Dear Sir, — I have received yours at this place, and thank you for it. You may as- 
 sure your friends in Kentucky, that the vote of this state will be stronger for General Jackson 
 than his most sanguine friends anticipated. Of three-tburths tAere is not the sUshtest dmibt. I 
 care not who you show this letter to, hut keep me out of the naespapers. In haste, your friend, 
 
 M. Van Buren." 
 
 ' The same to T. P. Moore. Same date. — " Our friends abroad may calculate with absolute 
 certaivMi on at least three-fourths of the votes of this state. There is no doubt of it. Nothing 
 short of the death of our candidate can, I thinlc, prevent it. If Barry [W. T.l succeeds in 
 your state, the administration will find it extremely difficult to keep their troops m the field in 
 this. ... M. Van Buhen." 
 
 I find Thomas P. Moore among-st the Polk appointments of la.st month — as Indian Agent 
 on the Upper Missouri. The alH)ve letters to him and Wickliffe, were intended to c:perate on 
 the election of the Grovernor of Kentucky. When President, Van Buren, after making a 
 show of unwillingnes.s, ratified the Seneca Indian Treaty, illegally, lor he knew that two-thirds 
 of the Senate had not voted for it. The way in which the Indians are treated renders it any- 
 thing but surprising that they should thirst for vengeance. Van Buren visited Taminany 
 Hall in March last. M. V. B. at Tammany Hall ! Mike Walsh in prison ! ! and Butler, 
 Price, S,wartwout, Hoyt, Dabney, Greene, Levis, Boyd and Hawkins, not in prison ! ! ! Is 
 this arrangement fF right 1 
 
 COMMON AND CHANCERY LAW— VAN BUREN ON THE CONVENTION, 
 
 It was with reason that Lord Coke exclaimed, " Miserable, miserable, is the slavery of that 
 people among whom the law is either unsettled or unknown !" And that it is unsettled in 
 America, any one who has looked at the conflicting decisions of our courts will readily 
 acknowledge. We cling to the feudal jurisprudence of England, and refuse to reduce the 
 rules by which men are to be guided in society to scientific arrangements, with good laws, and 
 the examples beside the precept. Wo speak of giving thirty millions for a steam navy — much 
 better would it be for us to call together from all parts of the Union, aye, of the earth, men 
 famed for their learning of law, and ask them to solve the questions, Whether it is possible for 
 youths to become acquainted with law enough to entitle them to plead for their neighbors, 
 without requiring a library of thousands of volumes, filled with the conflicting decisions of 
 jurists, the statutes, ordinances, and real or supposed usages of the old world and the new 1 
 Whether it is impossible to obtain for the magistracy of this republic, a clear, concise, popular, 
 yet upright code, which its 3500 judges and justices might comprehend and apply in lieu of the 
 COMMON law of England, much of which, according to a learned recorder of New York (who 
 has since exchanged the duty of charging juries for tliat of discharging mail-bags), is unknown, 
 never having been either written or nrinted 1 
 
 A mysterious prescription by the faculty ofmedicine, saidto be in daily use, is: "R. — Pulv. 
 Pip. Rub. ; Hyd. Chlor. Sod. ; Acid. Acct. ; Mel. Desp. ; Aqu. Fluv., M. Ft. Garg. sig. ; Sum. 
 
 Br. n." Even this " pip. rub. sod." is not so metaphysical as our anglo-democratic law, for 
 rs. Mott or R. Nelson could tell that it is an advice to '" take red pepper, salt, vinegar, honey, 
 and water, mix and make into a gargle," often useful enough in fevers and sore throat ; but 
 in common law, even the learned professors cannot agree either as to the modes or remedies 
 of procedure to get the good of them. Clinton vai.ily recommended a legal code in 1825, to a 
 bucktail legislature; Brougham, Romilly, Bentham and Mackintosh are among the advocates 
 of a system or code of rules founded on a natural arrangement oftho.se actions which are the 
 subjects of legislation. Major Green, of the Boston Post, truly remarks, that 
 
lUB. SOD. 
 
 COMMON AND CHANCERY LAW REFORM. 
 
 303 
 
 hat " those ^A^fATIcs (the 
 he evil of slavery in the 
 TV in the district of Co- 
 irpinia, cannot have the 
 r to new masters in the 
 residency. He wrote to 
 Its has been satislactory 
 ime anticipated by their 
 esent. He [V.B.J served 
 Herkimer in 1828, pre- 
 ad necessity. The harsh 
 On the 4th of July anni- 
 the regular toasts was — 
 )ng the first, and the last, 
 lor his name mentioned, 
 triguing for Jackson all 
 
 w York, July 8, 18S8. 
 ou for it. You may as- 
 ger for General Jackson 
 not the slightest dmibt. I 
 In haste, your friend, 
 M. Van fiuREN." 
 ly calculate with abroluk 
 no doubt of it. Nothing 
 Ty [W. T.] succeeds in 
 icir troops m the field in 
 
 M. Van Buren." 
 nonth — as Indian Agent 
 re intended to c;perate on 
 fi Buren, after making a 
 • he knew that two-thirds 
 re treated renders it any- 
 Buren visited Tamtnany 
 in prison ! ! and Butler, 
 ns, tiot in prison ! ! ! Is 
 
 IE CONVENTION, 
 ble, is the slavery of that 
 id that it is unsettled in 
 four courts will readfly 
 ind refuse to reduce the 
 nts, with good laws, and 
 or a steam navy — much 
 , aye, of the earth, men 
 Vhether it is possible for 
 ead for their neighbors, 
 conflicting decisions of 
 old world and the new i 
 I clear, conci.se, popular, 
 and apply in lieu of the 
 rJer ol New York (who 
 mail-bags), is unknown, 
 
 lily use, is: "R.~Pulv. 
 M. Ft. Garg. sig. ; Sum. 
 iglo-demcx-ratic law, for 
 er, salt, vinegar, honey, 
 rs and sore throat ; but 
 the modes or remedies 
 legal code in 1825, tea 
 re among the advocatoe 
 e actions which are the 
 :8, that 
 
 " A citizen may study the Revised Statutes and all the state laws till he can repeat every 
 section, and yec he knows nothing of the offences lor which he may be tried and punished, un- 
 til he finds out what the laws of England arc, and what the judges may think proper to apply 
 to any case, when they can find no ready made law at home. Even the progress of civilisa- 
 tion and common sense in England is not allowed to be applicable to our condition here. An 
 aljflurd, barbarous, tyrannical law, which may have been repealed and driveft from the com- 
 munity in Great Britain, as unjust even in a monarchy, is nevertheless good enough law for 
 the free citizens of the United States!" 
 
 The wretched condition of the common law, in force here, was clearly shown not many 
 months since in the case of O'Connell and others. Tliey were tried in the principal common 
 law court of Ireland for a penal offence, kept three months in the penitentiary, pronounced to 
 be crimiTials by the learned judges and crown lawyers; and then their prison doors were open- 
 ed; they were entreated to accept of freedom ; the twelve judges of England, with one accord, 
 and on oath, had declared that that part of O'Connell's indictment which the whole of the Irish 
 judges had pronounced to be good, at common law, was bad, and no law at all ; and that 
 O'Connell and his companions were held in unlawful durance. So also said the House of 
 Lords; Lord Chief Justice Denman declaring that the trial was a " mockery, a delusion, and 
 a snare." I felt the force of his reasoning, for I was twelve months confmea as unlawfully at 
 Rochester as O'Connell was at Kilmainham — but for the poor there is but little justice any- 
 where. So expensive is an appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States, that my friends 
 found it impossible to raise the money. 
 
 When a railroad is la4d out we try to make it as straight and level as possible. Should not 
 our law-road be straight also 1 Lawyers arc men of as warm, generous, and kindly feelings 
 as others — they are equally honorable — but if society shall continue to honor legal talent 
 where it snatches a villain of the deepest dye from merited punishment — if Governors and 
 Judges shall continue to act under an imperfect system — if the art of the Attorney must be 
 learnt, with all its technicalities and barbarous " pip. rub. sod. " pedantry, by the American 
 scientific pleader — if the student must set up shop, buy an expensive library, and if he then, 
 in nine cases out of ten, finds it impossible to exist as an Iwnest expounder of royal law, is it 
 wonderful that, Butler like, he joins .some .stock-jobber to jockey the people through a sham 
 bank ; or Hoyt like, cringes to power till he can perch himself in a collector's office, there to 
 embc2zle wholesale, and fee a legal regiment for defence, out of the plunder'' Governor 
 Wright in his message last January, told the Legislature that "the fewest and .simplest laws 
 consistent with tlie security of the great objects to be attained, and the lightest buitluus which 
 theit enforcement will permit, must be the l»est and wisest execution of the tru-t ' shey had 
 accepted. Look at their debates and proceedings for the result, and say if a remedy is not 
 required'T The merchant, farmer, landlord, tenant, tradesman, mechanic — all sutler in turn, 
 and often very severely, by our defective law system. Governor Wright's indicator, the At- 
 la«, mocks us with its substitutes for an efTectual cure. It is men learned in the law, studious, 
 experienced, and practical, that New York must look to for a code — and if we were to pay 
 millions for it. never did any people make a wiser purchase. 
 
 As to the Cnancery Court, I never had anything to do with it until the publication of my 
 last book. I opposed its introduction into Upper Canada, as a member of tne legislature, not 
 because I thought the system complete without it, but because I did not believe its sulxstitution 
 of secret examinations in lawyers offices, for open ones before the world — its practice, exceed- 
 ingly arbitrary and artificial, depending on rules made by its administrators, and upon no 
 general principle of law — its questionable barriers as to what cases are doubtful, ol.Mure, and 
 therefore fit for equity courts — its control over money, property, everything, with chancery 
 judges exported from London, not for their fitness, but in payment of debts political, would be 
 an improvement. Here, Verplanck, and other enquiring niinds, have sought to give an ade- 
 quate remedy for constituted abuses, but have failed — and the danger is, that some quack will, 
 Van Buren like, prescribe a no.strum even worse than the charlatanrie that now obtains. 
 
 What is wanted is a code of law, a system whereby one judge, presiding in oni court, can 
 do all — with rules of practice, not of his dictation, but framed and adapted for his guidance by 
 the community. Common Law is built on old precedents — equity also professes to be guided 
 by what has been done. If the one can be codified, why may it not include the other 1 If our 
 laws are scientifically arranged and equitable, why have other conflicting jurisdictions with 
 unconfined powers 1 If they are locse and confused, are not life and property thereby endan- 
 gered 1 
 
 " Equity, as a separate system," says Verplanck, " can hardly be sa'd to have worked well 
 anywhere. Its uncertainty, its immense powers, and still more, its de'.ays and expenses, have 
 always been a subject of public complaint. Its mode of taking te.sti'riony has been pronounced 
 by high professional authority to be the very worst ever devi.'od ; dilatory, expensive, and 
 opening a door to the grossest j»erjury, and the vilest fraud^^. Its advantages are, that its 
 powers are great and undefined — its process strl'it and ST-arch^iig. So, too, are those of an a^ 
 bitrary judge in a half-civilized country, a Mandaiin or n Cadi." 
 
viii 
 
 ;i 
 
 
 * :. IS 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 /!< '• ■•■' 
 
 !;: •.'■■•,T'- 
 
 '■'•ji.;'i ■■• 
 
 ■'.••••; , • 
 
 304 
 
 FRANKLIN, HANCOCK, CUSIIING AND PRIVATE LETTERS. 
 
 Hoyt has astonished this community by swearinja; that tlie letters published in my former 
 pamphlet are genuine, and asking the profits of publication. With profits I had nothinf? to do. 
 There have been appeals, bills, demurrers, injunctions, hearings, and decisions. I cared for 
 one thing only ; and that was to get the facts before the people. Were their attention well di- 
 rected to the Court of Chancery, a change for the better might take place speedily. Walworth, 
 the Chancellor, f had seen before, when he called at my office, inquiring for his friend Speaker 
 Papineau — McCoun I had not seen, and only heard or him in the old duel case of Eckford, 
 Decatur, Ace., and when he took the circuit judge's place in 1831, on the equity side. I think 
 the interference of McCoun, as far as copyright was concerned, was a violation of several im- 
 portant provisions in the U. S. Constitution, and that his decision in the Mitchell case (Wet- 
 more vs. Scovell) forms a curious contrast with the course he took in mine. Being very poor, 
 I keep on the defensive — but had I been involved in such a case twenty years ago, the folks in 
 Canada are my wimes.ses, that I would have done battle for the right most cheerfully. The 
 permanence of this government depends on its justice, and if the manly electors of New York 
 will but wake up to the importance of the crisis, the world may yet bless the hour in which 
 the greatest State in the Union called together the Convention of 1846. 
 
 In 1769 to 17T3, private and secret letters were written by great men in Boston to official 
 characters in London, against the people. Lieut. Gov. Oliver wrote " that some method should 
 be devised to ta^e off the original incendiaries, whose writings supplied the fuel of sedition 
 tkrottgk the Boston Gazette." Secret assassination was tried accoiflingly ; Mr. Otis, King's 
 Advocate, a bold liberal, was attacked in his own house with bludgeons and left for dead. 
 Grovernor Hutchinson said, " The union of the Colonies is pretty welf broke : I hope I shall 
 never see it renewed. There must be an abridgment of English lilierties in the Colonies." 
 Judge Oliver wrote how to harass tlie Americans, adding, " By such a step the game will Ik* 
 up with my countrymen." Such letters as these induced the king to refuse wise counsel ; Dr. 
 Williamson, an eminent American, then in London, got hold of the letters ; he gave them to 
 P^ranklin, who enclosed them to Spaaker Cushing, in Boston ; Samuel Adams and John Han- 
 cock read them to the Legislature of M.xss. ; they were published ; the Assembly petitioned their 
 King to remove the slanderers ; the privy council met, and Wedderburn insulted Franklin ; 
 his speech was published in the London papers, and says Franklin, " It was the ton with all 
 the ministerial folks to abuse them [the Yankees] and me, in every company and in every 
 newspaper." The King, Feb. 7, 1774, ordered the Boston petition to be dismissed " as ground- 
 less, frivolous, vexatious, and scandalous;" stopt Frankhn's salary as Colonial Agent ; took 
 from him his office of Postmaster General ; and the government backed Whately in oppress- 
 ing this man, whose memory the proudest monarch might envy, with a suit in Chancery before 
 the McCoun of that day, to get back the letters and the profits [ ! ! 1 he had made by publish- 
 ing them. Franklin could not stand this acciunulation of persecution. *' My finances (says 
 he) are not sufficient to cope at law with the treasury here." He returned to America. 
 
 In his speech before the Lords of the Privy Council, Wedderburn [Lord Loughborough] 
 said ; " Nothing then will acquit Jr. Franklin of the charge of obtaining them [the secret let- 
 ters] by fraudulent or corrupt means, for the most malignant of purposes ; unless he stole them 
 trom the person who stok them. I hope, my lords, you will mark and brand the man, for the 
 honor ol' his country, of Europe, and of mankind. Private correspondence has hitherto been 
 held sacred in the times of the ^eatest party rage, not only in politics, but religion. He has 
 forfeited all respect of societies and of men. Into what companies will he hereafter go with 
 an unembarrassed face, or the honest intrepidity of virtue 1 Men will watch him with a jeal- 
 ous eye ; they will hide their papers from him, and lock up their escrutoires. He will hence- 
 forth esteem it a libel to be called a man of letters, homo triuvi literarum I " — Prankiin's Me- 
 moirs, vol. i, p. 219. He concluded by comparing the great philosopher and patriot of the 
 Western world to Zanga, in Young's Revenge. " I ask, my lords, whether the revengeful 
 temper, attributed by poetic fiction only to the bloody African, is not surpassed by the coolness 
 and apathy of the wily American." 
 
 A bill from the Assembly of this state was sent, in 1818, to the Senate, for concurrence, 
 •which proposed to free those who had dealings in small sums, from the chicanery, delays, and 
 enormous costs imposed by trading attome3's, by allo\tang a single justice to try cases of ^50 
 and under, whether the action was against an individual, a privileged lawyer, a company, or 
 the officer of a court — authorizing any citizen to explain the nature of the claim or plea of any 
 other citizen — and annulling and putting an end to that odious monopoly of pleading and de- 
 fence by which privileged attorneys had reaped enormous gains from a pillaged people — so far 
 as debte under S50 were concerned. This attempt to introduce practical aemocracy was re- 
 garded by Van Buren with horror. He was eloquent against the bill — condemned its princi- 
 ple — wondered how justices, ignorant of the law, could decide cases of debt — and when he 
 found the bill would pass, movml [.see senate journal, page 187] to add to the bill the following 
 dau'ie : 
 
 " And be it farther enacted, that it shall not be lawful for any person, NOT A LICENSED 
 ATTORNEY OR COUNSELLOR OP THE SUPREME COURT OR COURT OF 
 
1TTER8. 
 
 VAN BUREN AND BEACH ON LAWS AND CONVENTIONS. 
 
 305 
 
 Wished in my former 
 ts 1 hud nothing to do. 
 ccisions. I cared for 
 their attention well di- 
 speedily. Walworth, 
 : for his friend Speaker 
 . duel case of Eckford, 
 e equity side. I think 
 iolation of several iin- 
 le Mitchell ca.se (Wet- 
 ine. Being very poor, 
 years ago, the folks in 
 most cheerfully. The 
 electors of New York 
 ss the hour in whiclt 
 
 !n in Boston to official 
 lat some method should 
 ;d the fuel of sedition 
 gly ; Mr. Otis, King's 
 ons and left for dead, 
 broke: I hope I shall 
 !rties in the Colonics." 
 I step the game will lie 
 fuse wise counsel ; Dr. 
 ters ; he gave them to 
 Adams and John Han- 
 s.scmbly petitioned their 
 irn insulted Franklin; 
 [t was the ton ^vith all 
 • company and in every 
 
 I dismissed " as ground- 
 3 Colonial Agent ; took 
 ed Whately in opipress- 
 suit in Chancery before 
 e had made by publish- 
 1. " My finances (says 
 ned to America. 
 
 [Lord Loughborough] 
 ing them [the secret let- 
 Bs ; unless he stole them 
 
 brand the man, for the 
 dence has hitherto been 
 , but religion. He has 
 
 II he hereafter go with 
 watch him with a jeal- 
 
 itoires. He will hence- 
 ■um I " — Frankiin's Me- 
 pher and patriot of the 
 whether the revengeful 
 irpossed by the coolness 
 
 lenate, for concurrence, 
 e chicanery, delays, and 
 stice to try cases of $50 
 lawyer, a company, or 
 he claim or plea of any 
 •oly of pleading and de- 
 L pillaged people — so far 
 tical aemocracy was re- 
 — condemned its princi- 
 3 of debt — and when he 
 to the bill the following 
 
 1, NOT A LICENSED 
 fRT OR COURT OF 
 
 (JOMMON PLEAS OF THIH STATE, or wlio shall not be actually en^-aged in the regular 
 •tndy ol the Law, I'O APPEAR AND ADVOCATE ANY CAUSE r'rFOR AN- 
 (JTilER BEFURr: A JUSTICE OF THE PEACE." 
 
 Here Van l>iircn's party deserlfd iiini— the hill allowed those wlio wantal attorneys to hire 
 them, anil it did not force the jioor man, who Icll he liad been wrongfully prosecuted lor igiS he 
 did not owe, to hire an attoniey'.s aj)preritice to Hlatc his case lur a lee of other $3, when his 
 neighlior the machinist, carpenter, or printer, was ready to do it truly and correctly lor nothing. 
 Van Burcn's monopoly clause was voted down. Yeas, Van Buren, &e., 0. Nays, Sam. 
 Young, &c., 18. 
 
 The bill also provided that cognovits or confessions of judgment, for flOOand under, might be 
 taken l)cl'ore a single justice of the peace, who.se lee should lie 25 cents. (It was ft'12 in U. Cana- 
 da when I first settled there I) Judgments were to be a shilling, and so on. Van Buren, Van 
 Vechten, and Young addressed the Senate against the bill; it would injure tiie profesnion, ren- 
 der law too cheap, and encourage liligation. The hill passed, 18 to 11. See pages 195-6 of 
 ••"enate journal. Among the Ij-Navs on the final vote weie Van Buren, Hammond, and 
 Samuel Young. 
 
 On June 1'2, 1819, it was proposed in Senate to allow county courts to try all cases which do 
 not affect life ; but if it was a case involving the state prison fur life, one of the judges must be 
 a councillor of three ycars^ standing. Ross said if the lawyer held the rank of councillor it 
 was surely enough ; he would move to strike out the words " three years' standing." Young and 
 other 9 went for that, but Van Buren defeated them. 
 
 On 6th of April, 1819, in Senate, Hammond reported a bill to prevent lawyers from taking 
 too mucli for foreclosing a mortgage, over and above printer's bill, affidavit, and conveyance 
 recording, &c. Van Buren moved to give the attorney ft-25. Lost. Young proposed $20. 
 Carried. But the bill was got rid of. In 1821, the convention made some improvements. 
 
 Now, 184<), we are on the eve of another convention. To it Croswell was not very friendly, 
 and Van Buren and Wright could scarce conceal their vexation when the honest Democrats 
 and Whigs coalesced in its favor. Here is Van Buren's letter, addressed to Peter Cagger, Al- 
 bany: 
 
 " Llndonwald, M(\y 19, 18-t5. Dear Sir: ***** I had, however, allowed myself to hope that these 
 amendmonls, and especially that which would make the State secure against the abuses of the power to bor- 
 row money, from which it has itself &o severely sufTered, and by which so many of its sister States have been 
 overwhelmed, might, by perseverance, he oljtuined in the mode provided by the constitution, before any mate- 
 rial inrond was made upon the cherished, and as it was supnoscd, well estalilishcd policy of the State in 
 re!!ard to its liniinres and public works. For that reason, anil on account of what I believed to be a wcll- 
 UTOunded apprehension of the bad effects that might result from the disturbed condition of portions of the public 
 mind, upon iwints not heretofore involved in the political issues ujwn which |)arties have divided, I have been 
 very decidedly in favor of a postponement of the Convention movement, and that preference has been tinre- 
 servedly expressed to the few who did mo the honor to ask my opinion upon the subject. 
 
 " Whether 1 wou!d have retained and acted upon that preference if I had been a member of the Legislatnrp 
 and witnessed the papsngo through lioth its limmbcs of u bill, which would, if it had l)ceome a law, have 
 caused so sudden and so injurious u revolution in whiu was ho|ied to lie the established policy of the Slate, 
 upo* a |X)int of prominent Importance, is very doubtful. As matters stand, my advice to the meeting and to the 
 Democracy of the State, is to bury ihcir past divisions, and to ilonll in their (mwer to carry the great measwe 
 of a Convention to a succesatUl ami saf<! result, by united counsels, and vigorous, but temperate and discreet 
 efforts. 1 am, dear sir, very respectliilly and truly yours. M. VAN BUKEN." 
 
 Look at the conduct of the legislature, at its language, at the opinions of members touching 
 the public press and each other — and .say. Is it a supervising eye place»i on an eminence, and 
 siecing all around 1 Is it a mill lor grinding good laws, if .sparely fed with complaints and 
 memorials 1 Or is it the tJimult of contending factions, silencing the more patriotic 1 Say 
 which ; and then ask yourselves, whether, if laws devised, examined and improved by the best 
 legal talent in N. Y. "state, need revision, how much more those laws Avhicn were never laid 
 before any legislature, and wliich arc only the ojiinions of judges dependent on arbitrary kings 
 during the dark ages of English history l '■ Our laws and decisions (said John C. Spencer, in 
 the Assembly of N. Y., Jan. 6,.18'20') are numerous and complicated, and it necc.s.snrily de- 
 volves upon the judges to expound tliem ; and if the gentleman dislikes the laws, and the mode 
 of expounding them, he might adopt the recommendation of the late Governor Plumer, of 
 New Hampshire, and propose to have the whole British common law reduced to a code. Let 
 the gentleman from Delaware [General Root] devote himself to tJie subject, and reduce the 
 wtiole of our multifarious laws and numerous decisions into a code at once, and render them 
 clear and con.sistent." In his notes on De Tocqueville Mr. S. takes another view. 
 
 MOSES Y. BEACH ON TEXAS. INFLUENCE OF THE SUN. ■;.■ 
 
 The Sun, a penny paper of considerable influence and large circulation in New York, was 
 commencetl, as Mr. Beach slates, " on the 3d of Sept. 1833, in a small back room in an ob- 
 sciu-e part of William street," with an edition of 500, and of the size ol' a .sheet of letter pa- 
 per ; " the entire strength of the establishment, intellectual, physical, and mechanical, consisted 
 of »ne man and one boy." The sale paid expenses, and left profit enough to buy them a 8up- 
 B 
 
I u. 
 
 Il 'fit . 
 
 W^'^' \ 
 
 > : I 
 
 4 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 
 .-'••> 
 
 
 ■ .'■ ♦ 
 
 It' .1 
 
 !:-••-■ 
 
 ■ • ■■'i 
 
 "■■: ■ I 
 > f 
 
 306 M. Y. BEACH ON POLK, CALHOUN, HOUSTON, MARCY AND TI'.XAB. 
 
 per. The piTsent owner, M. Y. Beaeh, .states, that he served his apprenticeship to a cahimt- 
 maker ia ilartt'ord; worke.l ion;,' and hard, late and early; and now owns tliree banks ami 
 his new>pai)i.'r. 1 was his iiei!,'libi)r in IKW, and noted tliat he looked caieliilly alter his biisi- 
 ness. At that time, as now, tlie pajier professed deeoruni (jf lanjruaife and independence ol' 
 party. Mr. Beaeh is not much of a writer himself, ^j- but he employ.s those editors, and thow 
 only, who will faithfully express sentiments in unison with hisown.jJJ In IKIO he had the 
 genuuie American leclinRs of tl'-i hone.-t ami faithful class whose patronage has raised him to 
 wealth, and who were delighted, no doubt, at the indencndent, republican tone of his cheap 
 and useful sheet. He took a bold stand then n'.?ainst Texas with slavery, and censured with 
 
 freat severity the attempts of Polk, Calhoun, Houston, Jackson, and RlcDullie, to crush free- 
 
 [From the New York Sun, l)y Mosea Y. Hi-ftcli, lH3fi.] 
 
 " In the earlier days of our re|)ulilic, when n high-iniiKled and honorable fidelity to ita coiiHtltiition waa an 
 object piiraniount to every mercenury roiisldorntlon that might conlriiveiie it, iin avowud Uaal|{ii ut' thia klnil 
 againat the po.iseasiona of a nation with whom the United States were at pence, would have subjected Its au- 
 thor, if a citizen, tu the chart;o of high treason, and to its consequences. When A.tron Burr and his usaociatex 
 were supposed to meditate the conquest of Me.\ici>, and attempted to raise troops in the southern states to 
 achieve it, tliey were arrested fur treason, and Hurr, their chief, waa tried for his life. But now, behold ! the 
 conquest of a part of the same country ia an object o|ienly proclaimed, not in the letters of General Houatnn 
 alone, but by many of our wealthiest citizens at public banquets, and by the hireling presses in the chief citiev 
 of our Union. The annexation of a foreign territory to our own by foreign conquest, being thus unblushingly 
 avowed, end our citizens who are integral itortlons of our national sovereignty being o|>cnly invited and incited 
 to join the crusade with weapons of war, it becomes an Interesting moral liiqnir>' — wliat is there in the puMir 
 mind to excuse or even to palliate so tliigrant a prostitution of national faith and honor In tlicso days, any more 
 than in the days that are past 1 The answer is ready at hand, and is Irrefutable. An exlonaivo and well 
 organized gang of swindlers in Texas lands, have raisrd the cry and the standard of ' Liberty !' and to thn 
 tluiiling charm of this glorious word, which stirs the blood of n free |ieople ns the blast of a bugle arouses 
 every nerve of the war-horse, have the generous feelings of our citizens rcs|K)nd«d in ardent delusion. But, 
 as the Commercial Advertiser truly declares, ' Never was the Goddess of .American l.iljcrty invoked more un- 
 righteously ;' and wo cannot but believe tliat the natural sugarlty, good sense, and proud regard for their na- 
 tional honor, for which our citizens are distinguished in the eyes of all nations, will speedily rescue them frooi 
 the otherwise degrading error in which that vilo crew of mercenary, hypocritical swindlers would involve 
 them. The artful dectivers, however, have not relied u|>on the generosity and noble sympathy of our fellow- 
 citizens, for they Insidiously presented a bribe to excite tlitir cupidity also. 'J'hey liave not only iVIsely repre- 
 sented the Texian cause as one of pure, disinterested liliorty ami justice, as op|Kised to perlidiou.i tyranny v.r.:! 
 cruel oppression, but they have themselves a.ssumed something more than tlie liberty which they basely ami 
 hypocriticiiily advocate, by impudently promising a fertile paradisaical piece of 'i'exian land, a mile si/uare, to 
 every American citixen and foreign emigrant who will sally forth tu capture it from the Mexican republic ! In- 
 duced by one or both of these objects, inany hun<lreds of our enterprl.sing citizens Icit their own ninple anil 
 unobjectionable couiury to unite with Irish, Knglish, and other foreign ^iilventurcrs In a war, from the fullc!:t 
 success of which only some six or eight Land Companies, who have fraiululently and aiulaciously niono|)n- 
 lized the Texian territory, would gain an im|)ortant liencfit. And to this shrine of ostensible liberty havr 
 many hundreds of our gallant youth been treacherously sacrittcod — sacrificed by a mercenary treachery, compare'l 
 to which that exorcised by Santa Anna, in defencn ol the Republic of wliich he was Pri-HiilRnt, was Innocence 
 and patriotism. The object of the colonizing land agents of the Houth was to make this prolific province their 
 own. and the tield of a new and lucrative negro slavery. To this they still tenariimsiy adhere ; and if they 
 can induce a Btrong force of our American youth to rhod their blood for the unjust and avaricious cause (if 
 slavery, under the name of Texian liberty and independen'e.tney will undoubtedly sei - heir object. WedoiiM 
 not the ability of our gallant countrymen to externiinute any number of Mexicans Uh.i lau be brought .iguinn! 
 them ; but In fighting for the; union of 'I'exas with the United States, which is the ii .nwed nu'aning of ' Ter.iaii 
 Indeixjndence,' thty will be Jxghtinjt for that Khich at no distant ptriod Kill inrviiahty disaolv the Union. Thf 
 slave states, having this eligible addition to their land of liondflL'e, with its harbor!<, b'lys, and well bounded 
 geographical (Msltion, will ere long cut asunder the federal tie which they have long held with un^ncious snd 
 nnfratcrnal fingers, and confederate a new and distinct slaveholding republic, In opposition to the whole fffc 
 republic of the North. Thus early will be fulfilled the predictions of the old politicians of Europe, that onr 
 Union would not remain a century — and then also will the maxim be exemplified In our history, as it is in the 
 history of the slaveholding republics of old, that liberty and slavery cannot long Inhabit the same soil." 
 
 It is creditable to Beach that he i.s wealthy, the owner of tliree banks and a powerful jour- 
 nal. But, I auk him to explain, why The Sun of 18-16 claims to be the originator of that dis- 
 graceful act which it denounced in 1830, as the object of that vile crew of " mercenary, hypo- 
 critical swindlers," traitors to their coimtry, bent upon dismembering the republic "? Mordecai 
 M. Noah, who is hired as principal editor of the Sun, by Beach, now, was in 1836, (as editor 
 of the Star.) for Texas and slavery : he has not changed, but why is Beaeh, the indepenilent 
 mechanic, become the confederate of those who diive a detestable traffic in the south, and fwii 
 to add us northerns to their plantations of bondsmen 1 Why is the Beach who once saw a 
 dissolution of the Union in Texan annexation, now ready to grasp at all Mexico 1 Why is 
 it thought essential now (June 11th) to say, " We are and always have been in favor of the 
 Annexation of Texas, and never at any time entertained the impression that Mexico had any 
 rights in Texas, or could recover that country by the force of anns. We never believed that 
 we were doing injustice to Mexico," tec. &c., when old subscribers, myself among the number, 
 know that the Sun thought that those who took Houston's course deserved the traitorV fate' 
 The question has not changed — slavery and robbery are what they were when Houston's 
 
AND TKXAS. 
 
 ■nlicfsliip to a caliiiut- 
 
 owns three banks ami 
 caieliiUy after his biisi- 
 '^t anil indepi-ndcnce of 
 
 tliost editors, and thowe 
 p[ 111 IH:?G lie had the 
 Ljnai,'e has raised him to 
 
 icaii tone of iiis ehean 
 very, and censured with 
 MeDiillie, to crush free- 
 viohition of treaties, nm 
 . 1 add (to Mr. BeachV 
 lap at Nashville, askinc 
 
 ity tn Its constimtion was an 
 hvdwlmI (iHsigii of Ihla kind 
 woiilil have subjecleil Its Ml- 
 Aaron Burr und his usgociRtec 
 i\n ill the southorn 9t«le» t<( 
 I life. But now, behold ! the 
 he letters of Gencriil Houston 
 ling presses In tho chief cities 
 nest, l)elnR thus unblushlniily 
 ling <)|)enly Invited and incited 
 y— what is there in the publir 
 honor In tlioso days, any more 
 iiblo. An extensive nnd well 
 nilnrd of ' Mberty I' and tn thr 
 ) the blaot of a bugle arouses 
 ded in ardent delusion. But, 
 iciin l,ibcrly invoked more un- 
 nnd proud rettard for their na- 
 will speedily rescue them from 
 •iticHi swindlers would involve 
 noble sympathy of onr fellow 
 lif y Imve not only fi'lsely rcpre- 
 Hised tn perlidiona tyranny ;'.r.:l 
 ! liberty which they basely and 
 ■ 'J'oxiiin lanil, a mile square, to 
 roni the Mexican republic ! In- 
 ;i/,en» ielt their own umplo and 
 urcrs in ii war, from the fullest 
 lently and aiulaciimsly mono|)o- 
 urine of ostensible liberty havr 
 i mercenary treachery, coinparp'l 
 le WHS Pri'sidont, was innorenc: 
 make thit prolific province their 
 teniiriously adhere ; and if they 
 unjust and avaricious cause of 
 illysei. '- heir object. WedouM 
 .cans tU..i I an be brought naainn! 
 the 11 .owed me.ininp of ' Ter.iaii 
 •vitahly dissolv* the Union. Thf 
 harborf, b-tys, anil well bounded 
 fe long held with ungracious »nd 
 , in opposition to the whole ftfc 
 1 politicians of Europe, that out 
 ificd in our history, as It Is in the 
 tig Inhabit the same soil." 
 
 banks and a powerful jour- 
 be the originator of that dis- 
 
 crcw of "mercenary, hypo- 
 ing the republic 1 Mordecai 
 low, was in 183C, (as editor 
 y is Beach, the indeiiemlent 
 traffic in the south, and seek 
 the Beach who once saw a 
 ^p at all Mexico 1 Why is 
 s have been in favor of the 
 oression that Mexico had any 
 as. We never believed thai 
 rs, myself among the number, 
 5 deserved the traitor'.'' fate' 
 
 they were when Hou.«ton'j 
 
 VAN niJRKN'.S KARLY KNOWLEDGE OF BANK AND STATIC UNIONS. 307 
 
 ' ijicrconary treachery" was odious in Beach's sifjjht. It is a.s.scrted, and I Iclieve it, that 
 Beach, had ho not lieen first silcncecL, and then broufjht quite rouml, could, throiii,'h The .Sun, 
 have prevented annexation. I do not overrate the power of his press wiicn I .--ay this ; and as 
 it is hinted, both privately and publicly, that those mercenary motives, that ilesire for Texa.s 
 land, and still more, to give new value to Texas serin, which Beach asciibed toothers, tinally 
 seduced himself, and caused him to turn and lollow' Mai\j/, Houston, and the slave traders, 
 eedle."s of the injury he did to his own class, and The good cause of freedom, which he once 
 i)i<;hly valued, i ask him to explain the above paragraph, as compared with his pre.sentcoiir.se. 
 
 It is right that I should here state, that 1 do not know that Mr. Beach has, or ever had, any 
 pecuniary inducement to change his coiirsi; — but as his editors are merely the tools or instru- 
 ments he works with, and thrown by when they do not suit him, I am warrant'Ml in asking 
 why he has thus used the vast power placed in Ids hands, liur temperate and patr.otic purposes, 
 iy a confiding public. 
 
 An account of the Lehigh Bank was written for this work, in connexion with the case of 
 I'an Buren's friend, Daniel M'Cook, a delegate to the Baltimore Convention cyf IWO, and 
 DOW in trouble at Hanisburgh. It seemed to be the better cour.'^e, however, to await the result 
 iif pending proceeding.s, and not attempt to prejudge, through a publication likely to be exten- 
 sively circulated, a case of which a jury will sooner obtain all the facts. 
 
 VAN BUREN AND THE BANK OF HUDSON. 
 
 Report of a Committee of the House of Assembly of New York, on the bankrupt Bank of 
 Hudson, Feb. 3, 1823. 
 
 The committee to whom was referred the report of tho Attorney General, [Talcott,] with 
 accompanying documents, relative to the Bank of Hudson, Repoht, That the documents 
 accompanying .said report, appear to be an examination at length, by James Powers and 
 Robert Dorlon, Esqrs. commissioners appointed to intiuire into the afikirs of the Bank of Hud- 
 wn. The examination and report of the commissioners, is, in it.self, an elaborate produc- 
 tion, embracing ?««»//, if nut most of the promiwnt tninsadimis relating to the ajj'oirs nnd man- 
 o^mciit (if this inslitvtio?!,, for mnnij years ; abo its sUvntum at the time of the failure thereof . 
 
 That it discloses a scene of wild speculation, ruinous and improvident management, on the 
 part of many of its officers, regardless of their own characters, and the ordinary ox strict rules 
 iilMiankint' i'lstitutions; a summary view will in part lie given. 
 
 Los'-.c.-. i.ave been stistained by large amounls of jiaper having been placed in the hands of 
 a!;;cnts (wlio gave ho security,) for tlie purpose of forcing it into circulation, by exchanging it 
 for pnper of other baaks. IJi.scounts ajipaiviuly hav been made for large amounUs, without 
 a compet'.^nt number of the board being present : and as it appears from the minutes, in some 
 iiwtaiices, notes have been entered as discounted or renewed, without the directors being pre- 
 sent. Notes for largt amounts have been suli'ered to lie over, without either payment or pro- 
 te.st, thereby discharging the endorsers from their liability. Notes have been discounted for 
 large sums, (in violation of a rule for the government of its officers,) having but one endor.ser, 
 and in one instance a note for $10,000, was discounted without any. One of the ca.shicrs 
 gave no security for the faithful perfbrmnnce of his duty ; and although worth but $5000 in real 
 estate, agreeably to his own statement, iVequently endorsed for the officers of the bank, to a 
 large aiiionnt, and at one time, we perceive his name upon paper, to the amount of $25,000, 
 himself the only endorser. By the report of the commissioners, it appears that there was due 
 to the institution, at the time of its failure, from certain of its officers, the sum of $143,794, and 
 the probable lass, upon loans to said officers, will be $100,000. And I'roni extracts from the 
 Rtatement showing the present and probable state of said institution, it appears that stock paid 
 in and entered to aecoimt, is $110,000: and that Ihe notes of the institution, unredeemed or 
 unpaid, are $08,264 : And that the total loss, as estimated upon closing this concern, will 
 amount to $176,852. 
 
 By the accompanying reprt of the Attorney General, it will be observed that he is of the 
 opinion that the charter of the bank has been forleited; and that sufficient proof may be 
 obtained, to make some of its officers liable to account, in their individual capacity, for a con- 
 "siderable amount of debts due the institution ; believing that the public good and justice 
 ■equire, for the purpose of preventing similar practices, and for guarding the rights of the 
 jcommunity, the adoption of vigorous and efficient measures, against those who have wantonly 
 trifled with the trust committed to their charge ; but as some doubts exist in the minds of your 
 committee, whether individuals who have made themselves liable, have the ability to pay, 
 jthey have therefore thought it advisable to give the Attorney General discretionary powers in 
 -'.oinmencing suits in behalf of the state. The committee would therefore ask leave to intro- 
 
 uce a bill. T. S. MORGAN, Chairman. 
 
 Bank Election, [From the N. Y. Evening Post.]— Hudson, January 18, 1814. At a meet- 
 ing of the Stockholders of the Bank df Hudson, on the 10th inst., the following gentlemen were 
 [Chosen directors for the ensuing year: John C. Hogeboom, Alexander Coffin, Gayer Gardner. 
 Robert Jenkins, Joseph D. Monell, Richard M'Carty, Thomas Jenkins, Wn». P. Van Nesg, 
 George Monell, Scth G. Macy, Thomas B. Cook, Ralph Barker, Martin Van Buren, Robeit 
 
n. ' Xl 
 
 ' 1; •■ 
 
 !:;iC!-'' '. 
 
 ;l iliii 
 
 !r-" 
 
 
 4> *^ 
 
 (f' • 
 
 '!•!.■•; :. 
 
 %■■ 
 
 
 308 
 
 THE PUBLIC LANDS. THR AMERICAN LaND COMPANY 
 
 I ■ ■■ • 
 
 Taylor and Moses I. Cantine, diroctors on ilie part of the Slate. At a mcetinp of the dirr, 
 U)rs, John C. Hogeboom was re-elected president, and Gilbert Jenkins, cashier. 
 
 THE SURPLUS REVEINUE. 
 
 In Throop's messai^e, Jan. 1830, he as.serts that there are pnulential reasons for eontinnirii; 
 the duties on imports to a greater extent than tlie wants of government require, the .'urplu* " 
 be divided among the states. Jeti'erson, in Nov. 1808, wished the surplus revenue to be ap- 
 plied to the purposes of education, and the improvement of roads, rivers, and canals. Jack- 
 son, in Dee. 1830, advised that surplus funds might be divided among the states for objects „, 
 internal improvement; and, in 1832, seemed anxious to confine the land sales to actual settlers 
 at about 10 cents an acre. In Augu.st, I83t), when vast sums had been paid for choice Ian 
 by the public, and these lands thrown into inarlfet and bought by speculators with t.'-e public 
 revenue entrusted lo the Treasury banlcs, "Van Buren took groimd against distribution ; and in 
 1841 Walker and Buchanan tried to mortgage the whole ol' the land revenue for the balance 
 of debt Van Buren had created in his ellorts to expel the Seminoles from Florida. Calhonn 
 and M'Duffie have held opinions on revenue as wide asunder as the polls, M'Connell of 
 Tennessee projHises in Congress to give each settler on the public lands a free grant — the old 
 Ciinadian sy.-tem, and better than ours — but the national relbrm plan is an improvement, fo; 
 it secures farms to the indu.strious for ever — it is, in the spirit of the law of nations, which, as 
 Vattel tells us, "will not acknowledge the property and sovereignty of a nation over any unin- 
 habited counirics, except those of which it has really taken actual possession, in which' it haS' 
 fomied settlements, or of which it makes actual Tise." 
 
 In John C. Calhoun's speech, in Senate, Feb, 5, 1840, Globe report, he thus de.scribcd the 
 swrplus revenue, and land-buying mania; 
 
 " With the Increased rise nf pr\ccs liopnti the pigantlc speculations in the pulilic domain, the prieo of which, 
 lioing li.xcd by !'iw, could not partal<c ol" tlie peiicml rise. Toenliirpe the room for tiieir operations, I know not linw 
 many inillions (lifty, I would supiiosc,at li';ist, of tlie pulilic revenue) was sunk in purchasing Indian l.iiids, at ttii.i 
 fee simple price nearly, and rcmovinp triliu after trilie to the West, at enormous cost; thus subjecting inilliun^ 
 iin millions nf tlie choicest pulilic i uids to lio spi/.rd on liy the keen and greedy sjieculator. The tide now 
 swelled with irresistible force FrtJin the banks the deposits passed liy discounts into the hands of the land 
 speculators ; from thoiu into ihc hands of the receivers, and thence to the banks ; and again and again refinit- 
 lug the same circle, and, at every revnhition, pHssing millions of acres of the |iublic domain from llic pedpleintii 
 the hands of siieculator.s, lor worthless raps. Had this state of things continued much longer, every acn; dltlic 
 public lands, worth possessing, would have passed from the (Jovernment. At this stiigc the alarm took |iliici\ 
 Tlie revenue vvas atieaiptrd to he sinmndtrcd by the wildest extravagance ; resolutions passed this body, cil! 
 ing on the Departments to know how much they could spend, nnd much resentment was felt beciuiM' liny 
 could not spend tiist enough. The d<'|Kisit net was piissed, and the Treasury circular issued ; bnt, as fur ;is i/ie 
 currency was concerned, in vain. The explosion followed, and the banks fell into convulsions, to he resusciu- 
 ed for u moment, but to lull again from a more deadly stroke, under which they now lie prostrate." 
 
 Among the various .schemes of public plunder, got up by Van Buren and his friends, I inay 
 iiame the Mississipjii Land Company, got up to buy the' Indian reservations. Amos Kct- 
 dall's connection with it was very discreditable. The Courier and Enquirer truly remarks ( ! 
 another vast monopoly, just like the Canada Land Companies under monarchy, " The hist, ry 
 of the American Land Company is yci to lie wriUen ; it would have been written long since 
 had it not been for the application of the Gag Law by Mr. Polk's packed Committee of Mif- 
 pression and concealment, in 1837." 
 
 Of it the Albany Evening Journal says : " The American Land Company was formed in 
 1835. It overshadowed the Republic. Such a combination of wealth and power had nevtr 
 before exi.sted among us. The highest oflicers in the General and State Governmenis \ve:f 
 sttK'kholdei's in this gigantic Monopoly. The Articles of Association were drawa up by tut; 
 Attorney General of the United Stales, who was himself a stocl(holder, and whose biutlur 
 was tiie" President. Its agents were sent abroad through the new States and Territories lo 
 monopolise all the valuable public lands. The Land Uftiees were subsidised. The siirplu'* 
 revenue, then in the pet banks, was at the service of these .specuiatoi's. iVlillions of dullius 
 were invested in Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, M'sEissippi, Ice. The Stockholders in this 
 i.ivergrown monopoly were selected from the men in power. Vast political and pecuniary in- 
 fluences were combined. Standing at the heati of the Albany stockholdei's,were Messrs. Cro>-> 
 WELL and Burt, editors and proprietors of the State paper. Then came John Van Buren, 
 the .son of the President of the United States. Silas WKiOHT, Jr., a Senator in Congress, 
 ihmtigh whose influence the deposites were placed within the reach of ' speculators,' was a 
 sto'i'holder in the monopolizing American Land Company. And yet these very men filled 
 the ointry with their croakings against 'speculation.'^" 
 
 Now is the time for its history. Who will detail it 1 Wright, Butler, and Van Buren had 
 their custom house officers, to collect the taxes at tlie custom houses — their banks in which to 
 deposit the cash, charging no interest — they and their friends were the directors, and they bor- 
 rowed out the people's millions at New York, Philadelphia, and Baston, bought immense tracts ol 
 the most valuable of the people's lands with their own money, at tlie ver)' lowest price — and sold 
 tben?i back to actual setters at hve, ten, fifteen, and even twenty times what they had cost. This 
 WM Van Burenifliu in 1836, and it is unchanged. 
 
CD COMPANY 
 
 At a mcetinp of the diroo 
 It Jenkins, cashier. 
 
 Icntial reasons for continuinc 
 
 nment require, the (■urphis lo 
 
 e surplus revenue to be ar. 
 
 ds, rivers, and canals. Jack- 
 
 nong the states lor objccis of 
 
 he land sales to actual settlers 
 
 d been paid for choice lands 
 
 w speculators with the public 
 
 d against distribution ; and in 
 
 and revenue for the balance 
 
 )les from Florida. Calhonn 
 
 as the polls. M'ConnelJ of 
 
 iu lands a free grant— the old 
 
 plan is an improvement, for 
 
 lie law of nations, which, as 
 
 nty of a nation over any unin- 
 
 al possession, in which' it has 
 
 report, he thus described the 
 
 public domain, the prito of wliich, 
 for tJieir operations, I know not h'uv 
 [ in purrhasing Iiuiinn hinds, hi ihi.i 
 oils cost; tlins sul>jccting million? 
 (1 irrencly speculntor. The tide now 
 counts into the hands of the land 
 Jiinl<s ; nnd ugftin and apiin rcpmi- 
 ! piii)lic domain from the pcmieinio 
 nued mnch lonper, every acre of the 
 At this stace the alarm lnuk iilacc. 
 ; resolutions passed this body, cal' 
 :h resentment was felt lic('«ii>eili/y 
 y clrruliir issned ; l)nt, iis far iis ide 
 :ll into convulsions, to lie resusciu- 
 ihey now lie prostrate." 
 
 I Burcn and his friends, I inay 
 in re.servations. Amos Ken- 
 md Enquirer truly remark^ oi 
 inder monarchy, " The hisNry 
 liave been written long siiire 
 ;'s packed Committee of Mif- 
 
 ■and Company was formed in 
 wealth and power had iievc 
 and State Governments \ve:« 
 liation were drawa up by tiif 
 oclfholder, and whose bruthtr 
 icw States and Territories: to 
 ere sub.sidi.sed. The siirplu'i 
 :ulators. Millions of liollais 
 c. The Stockholders in thi« 
 ist political and pecuniary ii> 
 ckliolders,were Messrs. Crok- 
 'hen came John Van Burkn, 
 ', Jr., a Senator in ConKress, 
 each of 'speculators,' was a 
 nd yet these very men filled 
 
 ;, Butler, and Van Buren had 
 ises — their banks in which to 
 re the directors, and they boi- 
 ston, boughtimmcnse tracts of 
 ;ie very lowest price — and twld 
 mes what they had codt. This