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1 2 3

456

AIBS^lB^OiP

OF THt

PROCEEDIJVGS

WHICH OCCURRED AT THE
OP THB

PROVINCIAL AGRICULTURAL

Dl'RrNG THE SESSION
OP

1823.

630, /

HALIFAX, N. I3.

MINTED BV HOLLAND 8c CO.

April, 18S3.

;£>i*t:-ife=>^*-^.*Sf*s.p.?5iet*

f-:lJf^?H:«ISi®

At two o*c1ock on Wednesday the 13tb of Marcli,tt)e House
of Assembly adjourned, as preparatory to the meeting of the
Provincial Agricultural Society >t the same hour and plaee.
The Members of his Maj'^sty's Council instantly attended ;
and the seats were speedily occupied and filled up by the
gentlemen in town who are the private subscribers to the
institution.

The honorable Michael Wallace as Vice President, took
the Chair, and called attention to the annual Report, which
was now to be read by the Secretary.

REPORT,

DELIVERED BEFORE THE

Provincial AgricuUural Society.

•#

IT is an observation vt^rified by a long and uniform eiperiet>ce,
that ail the arts, whether of ornament or utility, are of'slovy
growth. The inveDlor generally sketches nothing more than a
rude draught which,thoagh bold in the design, is likely to be inelegant
ill the execution ; and his humble race of imitators follow the track
pointed out without a single sp^trk of (hat divine fire whidh threw
the first light on the path of their labours. At limes a g*^n3 aiises,
brighter or more fortunate thun thereat, who makes some utall
advances either in facilitating the mode of operation, qr iu mastering
aonieoflbe difficulties with which It is beset; audio this way,
the art, from trivial beginnings, proceeds by a series of steps to
tome degree of excellence, but ail this is the work of tine. The
progress throughout its whole length is distinguished by many
pauses orinterfals ; and what is bi-gnu in one age, continues unfin.
ished and imperfect in the orst. It often takes many generatinns
to carry the system to its ulterior piir.-h of improvement, uiu't to
conquer the farious impedimeots which are successitely presented.

The justness of these »iew$ could be shown aptly by a reffrcnrn
to tiie history of '.he ele>;ant arts, uhitt* l.'ave ai oiui lU ' i,? aui in jI
dignified maukini'. and giyon grace auJ stability to sonuk !;(«. fiut
U would be idle to wauder so far, whuu we cau arrive at t!t« itlae

^^JB

ill.l.,,ll„ ij . p,.l„„,„J „„„ JJ

"..l.b,e d,.co,.r, .a,. ,. ,.ke p,„. ,„ .„hi,«r,.,e, i„ .hlpb.i.j.
i"J, m .,..„ o..ig.,i„„, i„ ,„j „.ki„j, „ j„ .„y „, ,^^ ^^^__,^_^

7 Z"": ""' '° ' ""■" "■" '"""' •"«•«« ,l,e»„l„. „..,
b. world, ..d b. .dop,„d b, .11 ..Uo., ; b« .er, diff.,e„, hi.;,c,.
<. b,. b„„ ,hc ,.cep,i„„ gi„„ ,„ ,1,, „^, i„ ^„„„,„„ ,

J"c-":i:br''™''''":"''''''"° '<■''•■"*= ■""'"'■'•'• '4

be'""';' •"':' '"' """ '■"" •" "'—" "•«' » ^ ..

d,...„-.„., i„ .be =,„e„, „, .,„„„„,,^ .. ,„ ,^ ;;^«

- f S«.e,„„c„.. Hence ,be R»„.„ p,..,^, „,^, ^,, ^^,

fif .e.,.h ce„,.,,_. p„i„a ., „„,,^ „^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^
}C..>. A„d ,.„,. ,„, ,;, i„,„,duc.io. of .„„,„„ ,.||„ i„„
..on.,.d„a,„/„„e„lier d.ie ,b»„ ,be reigo o( Queen Ann.
«l.V.»b i. Ud leng before e.i3U<I in .beS...t .( Jri "ah, in X*

^v■«>

Uw couofrle., .„d \a Fra«ce-pl.re, mUh which the ScoU ba4
frequent .o.ercc,or.e, particolarJy after (he .cce.sioa of J.me, to ,h.
AUflisb crowo.

ifagricollare, 83 has been now represented, be lo :ardy in it«
a.0Teme„»,-if Us prejudice, be of .o stubborn and Immutable . «..
iure~,..d ,f i„ discoteries bd so difficuH' of trtDsmis.lo,. trom ona
place to Bnolher,whcnce happens it, that f - brief aenals of oar agri.
cultural taref r present appearances so utterly *c tarlance Kith thous
which hare occurred in other countries ? D/ what frier.dlj agency
have we been propelled forward a: a rat« U progression ,c p.odlgl.
oasly different from that of other people ? and how comes it to pasi,
that iouoratioo on reeeifed opinions and established practices have
encountered here so little efftctual resistance and trampled on every
obstacle ? Before answering these questions let ir.e rt.J io a hasty

wanner the events of every successive yeas Jnce the establishment a-.id
Jnrorporation of this Society, dariog which our whole system hat
nnder^one in some of its parts a partial, and io others a total i<>vo.
Itttiou.

In the Session of 1819 the first grant of i?l,600 was given to lh«
Central IJoard^a portion of which was laid out in the eucoarage-
nient of summer fallow, of liming, and in the erection ofoatmills.
Although lictle was afiected in these objects during the currency of
that year, raucb attention was dra*n to them, and a more than
common zeal evinced to follow up the directions of the Society.
The minds of men were aroused, as it were, from a fatal letharg -
the eye of curiosity and research was cast ron»d on every quarter to
explore th? resources of the country-and some few essays were
made in the plans recommended, hot with a visible distrust of the
doctrines and reasonings on which their eflioucy was assumed to
rest. The farmers passed the )ear raiher in speculation than io
action ;aud amosed themselves, some in deftr.ding, oihers io attack-
ing and vilifying the new o.derof thiugs. The spring of 1820,
vhen the second grant of £\OiJO was obtained, opened under better .
auspices. The trials of the past year, imperfect and scanty as they
were, had partially dispelled some of the di.ubfs Which sheJ a
malignant lofloence on exertion ; and a faiut idea began to bft
entertained, that Nova Scotia with industry might possibly pro»e
^dependent in bread corn. The erection of oatmills gave 80[»»

'. r.»d .,«. cop, p,»o..,.M. f,,. ... .CO, ,..->-.i » .-'•>'•

r.Z i. c«n,n....U..cd ... .be p-hUc n.i.d. 0..»«. „o. c.».

ilL. ..P».e, ..d ob..i.ed 10 .h. e...«« d....-,.... lo .h.

"'.« °e°,l..e .\.oo,h.,.bi,., oo. o.m. .c, a..n.f.,...u., U

;T..^„c. .=. rd a,.d .no.ph 6f ,o«, U.oo» : ...d o. .b.»

IT J in the shai»e of bounties. At
al no«n nnl» were onered m tne bo«i>c "■

^ , ..»e .0 .ir or ...bm.y. i be .i.co,y b.d beeo pot .o .b. ..
Z p.".., 8.0.0 •.«.. P..c.i- Tb. inc.ed.lo.. beg.n . o,„„..
.,,.11' conc,..i.».-.be ..,e.„« ,..b.,ed ""«•""- "^
^L ..™ .od n..e co„f,.o,ed. V.oo..., .b-ooRbo.. .be . bo e
;:lce, .e.e coUee,.. .I.b ,e..e, ...., •»- e.e., ......

Lmi.ed f.oo. .bieb o,.,eH.U coo.d be dn.o .o ...g.-..". b' ..
or..i.v The me-boJ o. .alio, w. oo.. pe.«p.ib.y ....p.o-ed-

le. "L ...b.L,ed in .e.e... pUoe,. .,.b.e c.I.i..Hon ... ob .

'111 ,00... l'o...oe..nd ....ip. -e-e po-d "■'-'

f., 7rlo.pl...., d..i..d <...n .or 0.0 ....Uory «.. gl.dl,
t e r. - P.Lge o. ,b.. .un.,e.. inb.c.d co,o .bl.b ,o.,<.
hai.eaasd-u v s ^^ , . iTn.ie, these circumitauces
attend the future labours of .he plongh. Under these c

. f rscn was votea-a .«m which has beeo fou«d
the last amMt of .1»U) was voic" » ,s, ii-

/ ,1 .hP ftbiecu deemed tnore esieiUiaJly

totally inadequate to forward the objecli uee
connected nUh the present sta^e of oor ,>rogre*s.

After this succinct account, the various step, cf which nre wUhm

K ce it will be the busioes. of this report to trace

vonr remembrauce, H «"" »« *•"' " . , . • ..i.,

,h». n-.y be eoo.ide.ed .. .be c..,.es o. .bU ..pid -nd ..ogo .

;.„Vl„ No,.Sco.,..«d.o™,b s.cb.e.o.c.r..oc..o....o.,.bi.

omen as hare more lately developed (Iiemselves, sod gif'ea reaioo tc
Leiievti that we are approaching 2(ill oearer ihe goal to which
our efforls hate iMoa directed. Tlie cauiei that have led to the
change are chiefly thieo : — Tiie peculiar orgaoization of oar
Ceard of Agrico*ture — The hoooarable zeal of oor leading cht«
raclera in all parts of the pro*iuce,— aod themiied natare of oar
popuiatiou drawn from distinct couiittiei, and coiuequeatly difided
amoogft themselves ia (heir maxims, rules and methods of coltl*
ratiou.

All along sine? the revival of the pro»Jiici.il indostry, the O.atral
Doard \\AS bneen the sole organ by which lh«; legislature has acted.
To it Ihe power of diiection has been transferred, and through it the
grants of public money have been distributed. It hns been regarded
ts the fountain from which the liberality of goverameot has flowed ;
•nd 00 that acconot it has gaiued aud preserved a prepooderatiog
influence over the minor societies. This derived and delegated
luperiurity which It possesses io consequence of its peculiar orgaoi«
sation, has enabled it to wield an ondisputed authority and to
bind in one common plan of operation the jarrlog energies which
would otherwise buve disturbed and thwarted each other. Hence
to one grnnd poiat has the attention of the country heeif directed
year after year, and the joint laboar-^of all have been infinitely more
effective than they could have been, if irregular and di7ergcut . The
Board piescribed both the objects and roles of competition, aod
maintained lonsistency in the general cfl'orts of the agricultural
body. Had the separate societies been left free of choice in their
patricular schemes, these would ha»e been of an iocohetent and
mTitley character, and could not likely, have been mada to harmonize
into a common bystem. One would have directed their premiums
solely to the improvement of live stoclt— a secnd would have abetted
gteatly the domestic manufactures— a third would have thrown oat
lime and snmmer fallow as uselesi— a fourth would have considered
»ats as furnishing too coarse a meal for the delicate palates of their
aiembers— the drill maihincry would have been despised by a fifth :
and thus each following their own counsels and parliiil riews would
have chalked ott a line of cwndact that bolllL'd and traversed that of
the rest. All those evils have been prevented by the peculiar
cooslitulion of tho C-.ntral Board, The Directors from the outwt

Iked theWtje en laHependeact ia bread corn, as the main point in
which all th<ir mea»on.i should coacen(ra(c ; and without any male,
rial aberration have proceeded towards i|with an unwearied ardour of
puriuit. Objecti of minor importance were either nexlucted or thrown
into the background, and thli uniformity of plan hai been the
chief means of effecting lo tborongb a cbUnge ia the proTiocial bas>
btodry.

And thfi end hai been alio brought about by the*au(hority aud
patronage of the leading men throughout the profince. Jt U not
my intention lo paci an eulogy on their public tpirit— a strain ia
which poilerily moth more than the present generation, will talte
delight in indulging ; but it is worthy of noliee, that whereter these
men bsTe shown tbemieltes most zealous, there the bocieties were
first founded, and their effects became moM ^isMe. Hence all the
coantict hate not partaken equally of the benefits of that new excite-
ment, which wherever felt, passed like electric matter and vras
accompanied with seasatioos almost as quick and marvellous. In
some the piwcepts of the qew school were warmly i-ereired— -in others
they were listened to with indifference ; and yet, it cannot be said
that in any did they meet with a firm and infleiible resistaace. This
is nothing more than what might have been expected. No .^^tntiment
however popular, has ever inspired a whole people with the same
degree of fervency ; though, if its fonnjjation bo in reason, and no
viokot opposition obstruct Its progress, it will in the end work its
way by a silent and imperceptible tendency. There are at present
manifest and pleasing indications, that the more improved methods
of managing land as well as the manufacture of oatj are creeping
westward ; and it is more than probable that they will, before the
lapse of two, or at mo = t three years, iosiouate themselves into everj
corner and cranny of the province.

But the third and main cause of the universillty of that changt
which has taken place, lies in the mixed nature of cyr popnlatioo.
Jn old communities wifere society has gotten time to settle tlajrm
into fixed babits,manoersaodcn8toms,and into which there is littleor
no migration of strangers to disturb the accnstomed coor8e,all things
soon come to wear one unvarying aspect. The style of living—the
mode of dress—the religions opinions and theagricultur.l practices
partake of a common character ; and by such marks nations areosu.
ally distingoJshed. Nay further, ,o powerful is the principle of imU

Qaftiii when it liti long lime to act, thtteren in the lam* kio|doai,
men, ocrapyinf noe parlicuUr dintfict or coanty, are asiilmilBted
inio a ttloter fMcmbUnce than are those who lite beyond the verge
of their inmediate commonion. Hence the method of cultUatloQ
in etery teparate county of Knglond hat some striking characterii>
tics either iu the i>laa of rotation— in the itracture of the implemeatf,
or io the manner of harvesting ; aud thus io etery district there il
somewhat of relief to break the flut uniformity of the oatloDtl
agricalture. It is easy to see bow a culooy like this, composed of
the original French, the Dutch aod the Germans— the Americaa
refogeet— the l<<af(lish, Irish and Scotch, and ail these mostly
brought together within the last seventy years, could not yet have
reafed up and cbeiished with moch partiality any common system
of basbaadry. £*ery emigrant brought aloug with him the prtrpoi-
Mssloos of his nati«e hill and valley ; aud the ouly feature in which
this heterogeneous mass seems to have agreed, was a decided pre*
ference to grazing, above arable coltivaliou. Io this state th^pentral
Board at its cstHblishmeut found the agricaltural body. It was loOM
•nd disjointed ; with moch to aoieod, but with no antipathy «t a
stricter coalescence.

These may be justly specified as the favonrable causes which hav«
sontribated to our success, aod which deserve to he recorded and
set io this conspicuous light ; io order to inspire a just confidence
in the measures which have been prosecoted, and to gnard against
any sadden or fitfnl deviation from them. The organizitioo of the
society by which it has been rendered the mediaro of all legitlative
aid to the farmer, and the honorable zeal of our public neo from
the noble fouicier of this lostitntion and his soccesior in office
down to the lowest gradation of rank, all cooperating heartily in
one plan, have accomplished here a greater revolution io the apace
of four years, than the Board of Agriculture or the Highland
Society, with their powerful means an(* influence, ha\t been able to
atchieve in the English or io the Scottish practices. ^

The second and the last part of this Report was to take notice of
any circumstances which have transpired daring the last year,
cither to encourage b<jp6 in the ultimate accomplishment of onr

Lidependeuce, or to soggest (he need of wise precauliaus agaiost iir»
etils with which il may be threatened.

The ODljr circumstance of this latter descriptiou worthy of isgatd,
has been (he disturbance of the relation natarally subsisting be-
tween the prices of bread coru and of meat. When we consult any
tables of the rates of provisious either in Britain, Frnnce, Germany
or other Eoropeao Countries, we shall find this rule to hold uniter-
lally, that butcher meat is double the price of ttour, and butter
doable that of meat ; as for instance, when flour is quoted at 'id por
pound— beef is at 4d and butter at 8d— the second be'iag double
and (he last quadruple of the first; and that these ratios have
obtained not at one time tod in one pluce, but as far back as there
are authentic annals, and in every nation where otati-tical accounts
hate been preserved*. It cannot be denied that these relations are

•As the proportion of prices hc-e statfd to exist betwr^n flo««", meat and
bntter may b« ronsiidtfred as purely hypoihctiral, I cliull pi«>^eni sn>iie tables,
constructed on niimiies taken by Arthur Young in Franee amlin England.
Just before the bieakiu|; out of the revolution, tlial g' ntleiuaii lan(Jo>l at Calais
for lh<^ purpose of takini; n unrvey of Fiencii liu>baiidry ; and in the prorecn*
tlon of bis plan, noted down every tiling i>l/iiiiig to wajiew, piovi^ioii^, t be 106'
tliods I rultivatioki, the nature of rrop.<, niannx^s, and in sliort, all sort* of
materials, wbi<-h ini;;bt serve as daia for ilie pulitital economist. These mi-
nutes «reir taken in 1TS7 to 17H9 in all liiu ilt piiitiiiputv of Fianre ; for be
Iraversud that kinj^doui by thvee Kei)<ira[e rouK's, uml therefore his general
avfra|;es are I'aiily drawn - In louking into ilir pariici;!ar niinu'es, I obi-erve
that the icla'ion briwit'ii (he piico.i oi niont, biitisr Hnd bread is somewhat
disluibcd. lu ai'uble diatncis, toi iuscant-e, breait is lower, and meat and but>
ter are hi^^lier than tlie general avcioge ; aud the reverie takes place in tracts
fitted for pastHiHgr-; yet ilie ratio on an average of the wbole kingiiom, come*
out vwitli woiid-'ii'iil af^rniacy. Tiavels in I-"ri»n<;e voi. 1, page 441 — ouder the
article— Fnce of Frovuiwtiii.

KF.CAHUULVnON.

I'leuch MoDe/. English Money,

Beef per lb. oii an avejage of 70 itiiiiutr^ 't f. 3i

^1ultl>u ''<* *

Veal . ol 7'i minu'es

Pork of "Jb nnniiiej*

Duiter ut W niiuuies

briad <>> 07 nituuies

A pound uf l>re:\d, notwithstanding tli(> labour of baking It, is always cheaper
llianu p(>uiiU ct tlour, berause the luraieris to llie latter as 'id to 'iU, that is !•
say, 'lit Ibi ot Hour will, afl< r a.lding water, «alt and yeast, nake in all ordina-
ly I'i'so 3U ii>!<.ot bira<l. Flour tbeiefi>re in Fiunee could not be letis tbaa
l!i| pci lb, Mil' u biead wa'4 at 3 !<ou«. Tbe proportions thru in Franre, from
theftenunicrnus and cxit'rided minutes may be justly quoted as follows— Flour
at t!d, lucaton >tnaveia<^eof all tiie >orts nearly 4d,and butler at 8^d per lb.

By the shuij writer and in Ibtt ^auki' place it is said that in RugUnd Ike prices
in 17U0 wtie

B< ef at 4d per lb. ^

Mutton 4\

\eal -n

Fork 4'

Hiead 1^- eiiiial to flour at 2( per Ibi

^. — . — ,.-.,^^-,,„.^^-^>--. — .■.-l,.^.^.—

. rT~,-,„^r:-^~^^^- ^

^"^"'••'i^

p<.r,w.«u8Uy HiMurbed by the operation of demand and supply ; but
•till, whenever any of the articles rise above, or sink below the
•s.,umed .tandard, there i, a tendency in the prices to adjurt them-
•el»es at the points of equilibrium. The great reason for this differ-
ence of value lies in the cost of production. A farmer can rai»e n
pound ofontrreal or flour much more easily than he can raise a
pound of beef or mutton : and therefore he should be rateably paid
for his lahonr. But n&oreover, meat is more nutritious, or capabU
ofsostaiui.ig the body longer, qaantily forquantity, than brearicorn;
and on this other accoan! an effective demand will always exist for
•the former at double the prices of ihe latter. Amongst us during
this last year the relation suljsisiing between these two articles of
farm produce has been entirely subverlrd. B<ef during the greater
part of winter could be purchased at 1|1 or id per (.ound,«hiIe oat-
meal commanded 17s 6d and flour 20s per cwt. At the prerent
moaent beef Is worth 3d lo the market and superfine floor at 9
dollars per barrel-that is at i^d per pound. This is a complele
subversion ofthe order which holds in Europe, and demands the
most serious and grave deliberation, as involving the Frospe.ity of
our rural economy. One sjraud error in this country 'ly* t)etMi the
want of arithmetical calculation, in reckoning up the cost of the
different sorts of produce wbiih are brought to market. F'ew have
any just idea of what it takes to rear a pig, a Jamb, or a calf. Our
farmers are thus ignorant in a great mecsure of relative prices
dependent on the expense of production, and they conduct their
sales under the guidance of the bliude.«t chance. No man surely
darea»Tir« that a given qnanlily „f meat can be raised as cheap as
a given qnan.i'y of floor, and ,., ,o it is that the former during the
whole of last winter has been lo^er th an the latter. In England,

In fHrtoer corroboration of these relative prire., «ee Voni.i-V Un^TpI^t .f
*.n6l*nU,p«rlor.ne.l,w.ntyjear,b.f,.rein 17 70 ;- vol. 4,,.asV303 ' ^

jWf, at ttu average ot 37 pla(«», .-;i<Jpprib

Hntier Uo «i.

Se. alM, bi/i^n' n IrH.nd ,n nJj't. ^778. vol 'I na Jm« ''*'"» '* ''"' "^

Beet oil Mu average ot the Kingdom 2!d i.,.| |(,

M<i ton «i '

»• .1 *<r

Tht
youtoes

verage i.f the atove tUree mei>t« U a fracifo.i fl.ort of S.l

Butter
price of bread is not mentioned, becanse the

iea*«Mirv liv.J «»ii(flr yj,

whare agrfcaltorists put dowa every item of expenii; nnder its ippro.
priate head, tod keep books on as correct principles as does iha
merchant, it is recognised at an invariable rule, that unless beef
fetob doable of door, the occapicJ* shoulu break up his grasa laodt
•od bring them acder tillage. The relation in price between ibe»e
two produces a perpetoal oscillalioti between pastoragi- and tillage,
•nd determioes the farmer io the destination of bis field*. He tills
more when bread I'lMi above, and less when U descend* below its
proper level.

I have been at the more pains to set this proposition in a plain
light, becanse of its vital importance cooaecled with oar present
condition and future prospects. The Oj^inion has been long popu-
lar, that the province was fitted to be a pastoral rather than an
agricnltaral coaotry; and this has been received without much exa-
mination and gained an loat universal assent. It kzi not failed
to produce a strong effeL> rural industry, and to create a corres>
ponding bias towards the bay culture. On this account our finest
lands have been laid down to grass, and our marshes, which under
the French were fruitful of corn, and were alternately antier fallow
and wheat, have ceased to he considered as arable, and been well
nigh set apart for the exclusire Eupport of live-stock. This practice
has baeo one of the chief sources of the depression of our agriculture,
and has servod too Ung to perpetnate distress, embarrassment, and
poverty. The very reverse of this favourite opinion will, I appre«
hend, torn out to be correct ; namely, that this Province is much
better calculated for agricultural than for pastoral purposes.

In corroboration of this novel sentiment, it may be stated that a
£wt. of oatmeal or flour can be raised at less expense io Nova-Scotia
than in Britain. To pave the way for our concurrence in this posi-
tion, we may boldly refer to the comparative fertility of thetwe
countries ; and we can be justified on the best documentary evidence,
if not to exalt our own above England, at least to set it on a
footing of eq'ialily. Oar acre will yield as much as theirs, if
cultivated with iike skill and capital. Should this be granted,
the point at issue is no longer doubtful ; because tho burdens
aff'ectiiig land are here light and trivial compared with the iaxa-
iion which iiit EfiglL.h fartscrs ciusi rear. Tithes, poor ratcS,
direct and indirect taxes jointly contribute to swell the charga
of prodoctioD and add to the first cost of their braad corn. Io

m\) ihe«e pole's of view oars hafe coDfessedty the advaaUge ;
• lid are only inferior to then in a hij^her rate of wages.

But if the baSance be io or.r favour with respect to the rai&ing of
meal aud floor, it inclines against ns with regard to the cost of rear*
iug beef and mudon. The British firmer can bring (he«3 latter t»
market at a lower rate than tiie Nova Scotian. and this he accom*
plibhes hy the r.ildness of the winter and the aatare of the feed.~-'
The sheep both io Scotland, England, and Ireland are allowed te
range their native hills throughout the whole year, and to pick up a
subsistence from the decayed herbage, heath, and wild plants which
ara but seldom covered with snow. The rattle again are fed in (he
foldyard for not more than two or three months, and io the more
temperate districts, for less than the half of that time. The straw of
white crops with s moderate supply of turnips is the spec ies of tod'
der which supports them, and its priacipal value is always estimated
by its cuuversion into manure. A heifer is osually taken for win*'
lering at the rate of SOs.— a sam which here wouid not pay above
the third of the hay which mast be consumed during the logg aod
dr-ary six months when our cattle must of necessity be shot up. If
these data be correct, it would appei' that the English farmer raises
his meal and flour at a greater, and his meat ai a less eipeiise, than
these can be respectively produced in Nova Sooiia ; aud yet iu order
to reimburse his outlay, he requires a dilference between them of
double the price ; whereas our farmer during the last year bus bees
snpplying the butoher, weight foi weight, either at or below what his
could obtaid, for his bread-corn. That region can never be declined
by nature for pasturage where the domesticated animal must be fed
by hand for more than half of the year ; and where, on account of
the extraordinary quantity of hay needed, the very tiest lands must
be devoted to their use. It is this capital raistttke which has so locg
borre down the agricnltural interest, and led our lantiholders to
pursue thai branch of rural economy, wUere they will ever be attend-
ed wiih indigence and pecuniary embairassmcnt. The cost of rear-
ing a pound of meat will always in this country be some^hxt mere
t'han the h»lf of producing (he same weight of oattni'ai and floor ;
and therefore (he rntHru! rplatios jubnisting betvveea ths i-rires
thould be adjusted at e hi^iier l«vel rorrei"' dci»<. to the capabtlltic-y
of thp climate.

tBimem*siKntjm«»»^ ^536»yaaiawi5g5'^v:^'jaEg-«n«Bz:«Ri:-ai» =»°^*g^-i^niWrrirnrri

€\:^m^:

If France and England, notwhbstandinglheJemperaJeness of (heif
vrioters and IhHr saperabundance of straw foi fodder, require tbat
meat be double the price of flour, it is perspicuously muoifest that
In Nora Scotia, beef from tlie expense and trouble of raitiing it,
ahould be elevated a little above that standard. What th:it propor<
tion of rite should bn h no easy matter to delertnine ; yet the piiii>
ciple it:?if on which it depends is neither iii(id(>n nor uocontro«er(i>
ble. Id all the branches of a free trade,whe(e labour and rapifal are
not fettered by any impolilic oi arbitrary restriction, they ought to
have the fame profit, and they will teod to this equality whenerer
taeo understand their own interest clearly. The rcirunrialion do
rivable from an hundred p-tunds in live stock, should be equivalent
to what the same amount yields in ti>!Mi;e ; and Ihereforo the prites
of butcher meat and bread should her*; assume a relation resulting
from the greater or less expeo«e of produrlion.

These views strongly inculcate a lessuu of practiral utility thH4
deserves to be earnestly taui^hl and ileepiy studied. Our country
men have persevered in the hay hu»l)andry to the obvious disadvan-
tage of themselves and of the community ; and it is now high time
Ihat they be cured of the strange infatuation. I'hey have been sell-
ing betf at a price much below its fair and natural level, and conse-
quently drawing from their lands a return less by the one half than
tbesa could have yielded under arable management.

And 1 believe that our farmers are beginning to Ojien their eyes
to their true inteiests. The rage for graxing is gone by, aud better
and juster sentiments are sucteeJtug la its room. Oar peasantry
•re a shrewd and intelligent race, and will uot fall, in the iong run,
to discover the best a:id most advantageous meih.)i!s of employing
theif labour a:id capital. 'J'heir own calm rellections and their mu-
tual reasonings are gradually lemoviiig the prejodicei which cloud-
♦'d their underslanJi.igs, and are enabling them to descry the respec-
tive benefits of pHslurage and tillage. Since the origin of this Society
there has been a progressive increase of arable cultivation, and from
present «;.pear«nce» it is not yet on the wane. Very considerable
quantities of country flour have been weekly, I had almost said
daily brought to Halifax daring the last three months, and this
dvent marks a new era in the records of our agriculture.

It will be lecoHected ihat «hcnl Lad fhe honour of last addressing
you irt^this place, 1 then stated, <• tbat the priaeg which had bfen
" •lllifsd far bringing a sapn?;- of flaur to lialilux had badl^4

■^^^m^amr-

'* expectaJion, that three parcels only am- noting to 2 tons 15 cttt.
" hfid come from the Interior, aod that it would be Tain to contioae
** those p:ize»; because oar hosbandry seemed to hate reached that
" point iu wLich it could about meet the iuternai consamption, bat
*• had nothing to spare for the capital." We are now adfanccd
a step further ; aod witboot the least encouragement from the
Lejislature, native flour haa come in all this winter as regularly as
the other articles of agricoltara! produce. What the whole quantity
inayha»c been, it is impossibiu to ascertain ; we know howeve',that
it has been bought op as fast as it appeared, by merchants, bakers,
and householders,- aod the supf ly U not yet slopped, but continuet
flowing with a steady current.

From some inquiries which I hate made among the principal por-
•hasers, ibere it evidence that about ♦40ton8 ha»e pcssed into their
hands,besides the small parcels which hare gone to housekeepers aod
which couKl not be traced with any acoaracy, but may be irftlj
reckoned at ten more.

TJiis towi. too is not the only place where naUre flour has been
exposed for sale. Plctog is now trading in it to a great extent ; and
oatmeal and flour are receited there by the merchants in payment af
debts and in the exchange of commodities. Eren Liverpool, accord-
ing to a lafe letter from the secretary of its agricultural society, ha4
gotten 50 barrels by the 22d J muary last, fro,n Brookfield and Cale.
donla,where three years a^o the settlers began to cutdown the forest.
But though we have no means of reckoning the sura total of all
the domestic flour raised by our farmers above their own imme*
diatc consumption, we can refer, with the view of cistiug some
light on this subject, to the books of the Custom House and learn
whether our impoits on the whole have been diniiciishiugiu 1822.
When we appeal to this testimony, the information is of a most
gratifying and exhila rating description. Jn every article of BRri-

• Since the date of tbit Report, Marcb lath, a rpgn'ar w^klv 8iin..l« h»
*ou..„„ed to come in from the co..,'„ry, ,„d the whole ? ,0.", now Z'ri 1,T
raimotbe less than 80 tons, a, one indi»idnal, Mr. \niha "RararrLs bro il»^'

the.e bemg adde«l to the imported ,to.k on band will, it is bflievrd Zet th*
conM.mp„o„ of the town till the navigation of the M. Lawrence o,c''»T«in ^S

retVrnf^rftl n.V"^ observat.on and of fact that the .led, and w.g«o„"
[.*'"'""_'« *^'°'".."'* •«'"' "« "«t. »» formerly, loaded with forrign fl„..r *^

«t!€rf fore otir tii;

arrented ihat d«s
BieniofHa.itix,

age ia MOW

tr.nctive

and

pqaaitoifae wants of the touotiy, and has in part
tradt carried on by eiir laruert kuice the «ir«i •ettlc

^S5Sag»ta.su5SM£3ei.aBt^:^3mr^..a«s-:..

r.fcriKgajaaan ie5J^7>=wi

ItM

id-

fipltnral i;rodiice there hat hsea a signal redaction nf ioiporta
dartug the last jear, and id oats and in barley we hate ubtaia*
ed aa eiport for the first time. All these important views and
facts, for the satisfactioo of the province, I have thrown into a tabular
form, which is sobjolned to this Report, and the results of which
abnndantly establish onr growing prospe-iiy.

At the desire of his Excellency the Governor, an accoant of the
Imports and Exports for the yea/s 1818 and 1819 has been obtained
from the Castom House in order to ascertain the agricultural s<ateof
the province before the existence of the Provincial Agriculturs! So-
ciety; but it is unnecessary minutely to go into all these particulars,
as it would too much complicate the details now presented, to carry
the comparison so far back. This Society began in operations in
the spring of 1819 and can be supposed to have influenced but slight-
ly the agricultural produce of that season. 1 shall just observe,that
although the iirports of both these years fall short of these of the
succeeding, they swell greatly beyond those of 1822. In the first
of those years we imported SI, 0B5 barrels and 1181 half barrels of
flour ; and In 1819 the further amount of 60,716 barrels, 9043 half
barrels and 350 bags, with bread, wheat, ludiao corn and meal in

proportion.

These statements should suffice to banish all despondence about
oar future prospects, ai»d to inspire an unhesitating confidence in the
capabilities of a counti. , which has repaid our efforts with so much
liberality. They should also have a due effect on the guardians of
the public expenditure, — inasmuch as undoubted proofs are furnished
that the former grants have neither been unprofitable nor misapplied,
■nd«hate»ery shilling taken from 'he treasury has been a mean of
lessening our inn'orts, and of tiius baving our circulating medittm ;
lo say nothing of the great addition made to the proviocial wealth.
To sum up the whole, I am inclined to believe, that in the history o£
domestic improvement, no parallel can be found to the ptodlgloa*
advances we have made ;o the short space of four years J and
that if the mechanism now in motion, by which this province Hi
ascending so fast to independence in coro, be neither broken dow»
nor materially clogged in its opcralioni, we ahall sooo rhe IB*
pel ior to ail our diflicuUiei«
UaUfax, Majch l»tb, 18«. JOHN VOUNO. Secretary.

;arecy5-gj>^-^«5y^^a£'^.sr?^i& .^»i.iw»,-

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«. TTiis great «»ing to the province hat not arisen entirely from the extend-
♦d r.,!t..,e ot wheat, although that has operate.! to a certain euen,, hut fron.
the subM.lntion ot oataeai tor flour, and from the increased .npply ^f po,at„e™

year •Vhefea^fnuii'.Uf **.**''* *•""•* '"l ""P""' ""'^ '° ""« <^<""«""- '»<••«

■iP^.^-c^^smt'^

.SST.'' y^i

Jfl.eeting, Maxell 12.

> Esquires.

The report being Solihed, the Vica-Presldeot called the atlentioB
of the Meeting to the expenditnre ihat had taken place under the two
last grants, and which had been attested by touchers and examined
by a committee of Directors. But as these accounts referred to th*
grants of pablic money by the legislature, it would now be proper ta
appoint, as auditors, some members of Geuerai Assembly. For this
purpose were named,

W. H. O. Halliburton,-
W. A. Chipman, and
Robert Dickson,

and it was requefitcd that they would inspect the accounts and report
to the next meeting.

The schc jie of appropriation for the current year was then ordered
to be read by the secreJary, and which embr«(.-ed a great Tariety of
objects and extended to the sum of jflSOO. Wiih . le ?iew of re-
vising the scheme by leaving out such objects as were deemed
unnecessary or inserting others of more immediate importance, the
Vice-President proceeded to name the following gentlemen as a com-
mittee.

Honourable Judge Halliburton, Chairman,

S. G. VV. Archibald,^ .lohn Bingay, ^

S. Bishop, J William Dickson,y

James R Dowolf, f ^ Edward James, f .,

J.G.Marshall, >^'^^"^^' R. J. Uniacke, > Esquire..

Thomas Ritchie, \ Daniel Wier, \

R. lilair, -' John Wrib, -^

William Lawson, Esq. stated that this committee' could not
proceed to afipropriate the sum of j£»1500for agricultural purposes -
for he himself objected t9 the amount as being much greater Ihaa
the funds of the province could spare. At all events bethought
it was folly (0 divide it by a committee till it was fot^M in the House
of Assembly.

JuiJOE Halliburton, replieu Ihat the seheme of j^1500 which
had now been read had ba4D prepared by the Directors, in coaseqneoce

V 1 .iK^" X^^S.^' :

af ft resolollon adopted by the Home at Afsembly ; reqairSoK the
piao of approprifttion to be laid upon their table, within fifteen dayt
from the commencement of each session ; that it embraced all th«
objects which the Directors thooght worthy of eocoarafte'ment ; and
that it remained for the Legislature to decide whether adequate
funds shoold be fcttd for (hat purpose. If the same mode of pro-
ceeding was parsaed iri this as in former years, the committee wonld
hare do difficalty in the execution of (heir doty. It had been cus^
tomary after the first meeting of this society, (hat the House of As*
■embly should immediately thereafter take up the agricultural grant,
ftnd pass such a sum as they were willing and able to bestow : And
then the committee conid proceed to divide that grant conformably
to the general tenor of the scheme.

Rvrvi FAiRBiiNSS, £sq. said further in explanation that the pre-
sent scale of appropriation was drawn up under the idea of obtiining
j^i 500 from the Ijegislature, which sum had been parcelled out
among objects which he thought well entitled to the alleolion of the
board and the commonity. The committee, therefore, could taku
that sum as a rule ; aod if aflervfards ^£'1000 or only ^£^750 were
obtained from the House, a prO|}orliooable dimiuntioo cuuld lake
place in the number or value o| (he prizes.

James R. Dewolf, Esq. said (hat be differed altogether from his
friend Mr. Lawson as to the amount of the grant ; for he thought
that the sum proposed instead of beitig toogrcat ought to be enlarg-
ed. — He was satisfied that no application of the public money was
so beneficial, as much good had already been accomplished. His
duty called him publicly to state here the great progresii which had
been made in his own county within the last three years. In Janu-
ary 50 birrels of flour bad come into Liverpool from Urookfield
and Caledonia ; and although the quantity might appear sniail, it
ought to be recollected that 50 families had lately gone there, and
required to be supported. He considered that these societies weie
the great cause of this increased activity, and that tberetore thry
should be upbe.d both by the countenance and bounty of the Le-
gislature.

The honourable the Attorkey General rose and said that the
ie&tioioiiy bwrne by Air. Dewoif in behalf of our agiiruituio
afibrded him much pleasure ; and that he should cuusider bituself

•0

negltgent net fo add hit (ettimony also to the Tttt lod striking
beneBt which had nccraed to the province. That we$ now ••
clear that do roan in his tenses could donbt it ; and instead there-
fore of limiting the operatioo of the societies by paltry sanis he
eipected to witness this year an uncommon liberality W!(h respect
to the grant, and that aU branches would cooperate heartily in this
bosiness. The illustrions nobleman who founded this society had
in fiew to bring all the branches of the Lfgislatife body into oo.
point of action and onion ; that in this Board the collecli,e nisdom
of the profioce might centre. It comprehended the Go»ernor, hu
Majesty's Council, the meuibers of the house of Assembly, and
many respectable gentlemen in town who contribated their money
•nd good wishes. It was pain/ul to him to look around and tee
that several weae not in their places \ although their official dotiea
required their attendance; and it was still more to to think
that there were some who retained 4n hostility to (hit inttitation.
He did not wish to point oat by name those who were absent :— bat
they were easily discovered by noticing tbo«e who were present.
He thought that all such opposUion shoald bo now laid aside ;
because so improvement in the condition of the province wat clear
■nd manifest. He knew of no country that had made a like
progress in so short a time ; and he was satisfied that the spirits of
the farmers bad revived wiih their iroprcvii^g prospects. Being a
farmer himsflf he often conversed with his brother farmers, and
could p»ainly perceive that their hopes were raised, because they
now saw they could provide for themselves and their children. It
was not long since agricnltnre was despised in this country ; bat ita
reproach had been wiped oflfjand it was accounted both an bonora*
ble and an honest pursuit. It was the best way of rearing a family
and providing for the children. This was one great advantage which
had resulted from the establishment of societies ; inasmoch as it had
corrected the opinions ©f men, and taught them to think more wise-
ly and „ ore according to truth.

Another great advantage which had actroed from the establish,
ment of our agricnltoral institutions lay in opening the eyes of oar
farmers to the benefits of tillage. They had always been fn th«
hsbit of rai'iag too many cattle— a Hoe into which they had bees
forced by the war, and the encouragement held oat by tbe largo

eontr.eU of gof.rnment. Although (hii mrthod of emplo)lDg tbefr
lands u.i({ht be then profitable, it wai cow the »ery rewrse. Let
•ny mno connltheeipcnse ind troobl« of raising a c*|f-the milk it
cousomes, the h.y eipended thefir.^t, s^cood aod third wioten ; end
let him count Vis own lime in tending it at Is. t day ; and he wil<
find .fat he cannot .fford beef under fid per lb. There c-onot,
therefore, be. greater folly than rearing so many cattle aod oeglect-
Ion the plough. This b.i Dot always been the ease in Nor. Scoti. ;
for he had been l«t.ly turning hi-. «ttention to the ^-ncieot recordi
• of thi. profince, as preserved in public offices ; with a view to col.
lect any facts iilustratiTe of our agriculture. When the Eoglish
took possession of .his country, there might be 40,000 souls io if,
.nd the plough was the .ppport of this population. He found that
an emhar^o was imposed to prevent the exportation of wheat and
pease from Nova Scotia to tb^nel.^hbouring, state of Massachusetts.
AlthooRh this m.y appear very" strange to some, who hate beea
crying both long and loudly that we could not raise our own bread;
be could assure them that it was . positive fact. What was the'
consequence of the etnhargo, thus laid on the agricultural produce
of Nova Scotia ? Why the state of Massachusetts takes the alarm,
and sets forth a very strong remonstrance and complaint that their
supplies were cut off. On this bis Majesty's Council taking their case
Into consideration ; and willing to give them all the relief in their
power, grants thena a licence of three m.>nths for the exportation of
wheat ar..J p,<i9e. This plain fact, which occured in 1752, is snffi.
cient evidence to put down all sort of opposition, and shot the
mouths of those croakers * ho have annoyed us so long. But sir
%B what mPHuerdid il.o French raise fbi? surplus for exportation ?
They did Hot feed their cattle it those days oo the finest marsii
hay ; but on the straw of their white crops, and on the sedges grow,
ing by the sides of the dikes. The marsh of Bellisle and the grand
Prairie raised then more wheat, than the whole province of Nov*
Scotia now does. And it is uow tifr- for us to alter this tiy-tein,
.od to introduce the plough into those lands which are so well caU
col.ted fof whea*. The hardness of the times is compelling the far-
aief to look about him, end find some more profitable eirploymen*
♦ktn the hay husbandry. I am only afiaid, Mr. Prcsideot,,th»t tb*

dayi of onr tcif«riity hive not been ofsofflciently long continnanc*
to correct onr faalts, and make a serioos and lasting impresfiioo. It
would be fortunate for as if the leisons of ad^er^ity were conlino>
ed a little longer ; for 1 fear that they will produce no adequai*
•fleet ; because tb ' lesoorces of this coontry are bo jireat and so
wooderfal, that they may too sooo reliefe as froni our ditTicuities.
It is now time to cnltirate the arts of peni'e, and to improre the
country in all thehraaches of industry. Commerce and agriculture
must go hand la hand ; for thn merchant, the farmer aod the cokMS*
nerare linked together in iodissolabie ties

The leading features of the siheme whith had been submitted
to the meeting, lay in eiteading the colture of wheat. Of this he
highly approred ; bentDi^f in all rther r(»nrcts our agricniluie Had
been considerably adtanced, hut in this was still greatly de6cieut.
Dc- thought, however, that several thing<i were omitted which now
called for attentf^o ; aod which he would brg leave to mention for
their consideration.

The rust io this country was known to he prejudicial to nor
wheat crops, and in unfavourable years almost entirely to spoil
them. He was not sore if any remedy could be found for this evil,
but it was a most desirable thing to attempt it. He would therefore
propose that a handsome premium shoolJ be offered to the mau who
cocid comnaooicate any preventive to this destructive disease. As
success could only be obtRined and security created by a set of expe-
riments, be thought that the sum offered should be coosiderable ;
because the iuvestigatiun would require time, patience aud
unremitting care.

Another object for which a premium should heoifered was a good
treati&c on domestic econotny. This .shoo!d comprehend every
thing connscted with ibe management of stock. It ought to pofat
out how the family should be conducted with respect to clothing ;
the employment of their time; their food, and all other matters of
a similar kind. It should describe the implements essential to culti-
vation, their nunr.ber and form, and the mode of repairing and pre-
serving litem. The treatment of cattle, the best method of feeding
them, the conduct of the dairy biioold all be included. Were such
& sianua' pot ioto the hands of our farmers, it would instruct them
in aii the diifcreot bra.ichesof their busiccsaiaad bcisfzluabie aS a,
l^ook of refereucv. He could not particularize all the matter it

iboQid embrace ; bat (here ought to be to ft raoeipt* for th«
curing of beef lod pork ; rale* for the rorminf of * gardeo t
remedies for the diseaae» of cattle. And it shoald Mt forth ia
•troDg term* the miichiefa arising from oar eaceuiT* coosump.
lioo of animal food.

He coocelred that it would be nsefal to the tgricaltaral in-
terest to be made acquainted with the improred methods of coo-
itrucfing farm hoasei, barns and otFirfs. And he would propose
some premiums to be given for the besJ plans to be furnished to
the society. This was a matter of more moment than most
people were aware of ; for it was found that in all those coon-
tics of England where a better style of culture was introduced,
• more hpproved plan of building followed in its train.

The encouragement of oar domestic mauofsctures also claimed
tome notice— for he thought that both flax and wool should be
ojoreeateosively wr"u^ht op through the protince. Flax mills
certainly snoold be iutroduced ; as the want of them was felt to be
a serious incontenieuce. The farmer should now be reiieTed fron*
the manual labour of breaking and skotching it. And therefore he
thought that the i-nprored machinery should be imported at once,
and be attached to one or two of the grist mills in the more popu-
lous counties.

He could not conclude his present remarks, without repealing
the obligations we owe to the noble founder of this society ; and he
thought it a duty at our annual meetings that his name should be
mentioned with respect. His Lordship bad given his money liberally
to the Institution, and had supported it at the outset with his whole
authority. At the same time he was aware that any eulogium of
this kind was a tribute of little Taine ; beoause his Lordship was
. Jbach ^'ct'f r ir raided in the ' ileut approval of our hearts.

The honourable Micuafl WAi^LACE, then stated from the chair,
that d proposal to sell the stallions had been made in the meeting of
the Directors ; .nd that lie no^ brought this subjc4;t forward, that
gentlemen might have an opp<. tunity of expressing (heir sentiments
oo it.

Oh thli RicuABo Blair, Esq. observed, that he had oo ob-
jections whatever to the sale of the stallions ; because he thought
ihcy would be roucl. bcller luoked after as private property, and
tkatthe provloee would bo equally benefitted by their use. The

■i

money which arose oat of this sale could be applied nowise more
■dtantageously than in the porchase of another ; for this species of
stock required io the country obvious improvement.

The ArroHintr General supported this tievr of the case and
•ordially approved of the stallions being sold ; with this difference,
however, from the last speaker, that he would prefer the proceeds
being laid out io importing sheep from England. There were
aome difficulties ia the way of accomplishing this; bat through
the medium of the present Governor au application should he made
to the British government, to allow a clause to be tacic-d to some
act of Parliament, authorizing this society to import 50 or 60 sheep.
—The present breed which we had in NovaScotia wcs ill fitted for
the country ; because the fleece was too fine for our coarse domestic
aannfactures. Our wool would fetch a high price io England, be-
cause there it was wanted for finer purposes ; whereas here there
was no need for it. The old Leicester sheep with their heavy fleece
of coarse wool were the breed which oar situation demanded, and
rottheDiihiey or i.nproved Leicester. The Southdown on which
onr farmers had long set so high a value, furnished wool by far too
f :ie for the province.

S. G. W. Archibalo, Esq. proposed that the sale of (be stallions
should be referred to the committee of appropriation, which had been
just named, and that they should make a report to the next meeting
of the sodcty — He entireiy approved of the views which had been
expressed regarding the disposal of ihe stallions ; and conceived that
thu proceeds aii:iing from th^ sale might be left for future conside-
ratiou. Ha would propose, that the meeting now adjourn to Thor*.
da> .,ext, the "iO.h ins.a... ; a.ul |,efore that time the house of As-
sembly *»..oU uke up the quesiion of the agricultural grant; and
Ihe como.itlee would also proceed to apportion that grant among the
various object?, w hith had been submitted in the scheme of the Di-
rectors.

VV. II. O, IIalubuuton, Esq. observed that before the meetinr
came to a close, he could notxefraio from expressing his good wishes
towards this society and Us desire of encouraging it. No public
money could be applied to a belter ob|ect than the promotion of oar
Bgri.olture. At the same time he thought our domestic raanufac-
tores worthy of eacourageinent ; and ou that account be highly ap.

The b„,!««, of the day beiug now concladed, the meetlae w.,
adjourned until Thursday. "eeung was

AdioS'ned Meeting, Marcli ao.

The Society „.et .his day i„ the roon, appropriated to the Hoase
of As.en,bly ; aod .he chair was again fi„ed by tie Honourable the
\ .ce President. He opened the basine.,3 by stating that the two
commu.ce, formerly appoiu.ed should now give in their reports.

W. A. CBiPMAy, Esq. wa, called upon to state the result of the
examination into the accounts of expenditure presented by the trea.
surer ; and he replied, .hat the commiUee bad gone overall the
Toochers and found every thing correct tthU the grant of £l250

was totally exhausted, and that .he sum of £420 17 6, onto, the
last grant of ^800, was expended.

The Honourable Judge HALLiBuatox, as cbairmn of the com.
m.Uee of appropriation, Mas next requested tp explain in .hat manner
the vote ofi?,000, passed by the legistature since .he last meeting
ef the ,ocie.y, had been divided, wi.h the view of encouraging the
provincial agriculture.

The Honourable .be Juo^e rose at this call from the chair, holding
iu hi, hand the scheme which had been adopted by the committee.
He first of all, remarked that a. £,C00 had only been vo.ed to meet

he proposed objects of encouragement,which according to theDirec
tm scheme.required the sum of£l500,.be committee took into con-
.idera..oa whether they. ould apportion this grant on a reduced
.cala to .1 the parts of the scheme, or whether they would lay aside
.ome arl.cles .ud .elect such a, th.y conceived to be of paramount
interest. 1 he committee adop.ed the last of these propositions, and
appropriated .he £iOOO among such objects as in their opinion were
•fmost consequence. It was wi.h, ome regre.,that they came to thi,

de.ermmation. because tKer- h--< --♦»--

ti.«K J *i^. -^■■^- f?-- iiuii;i;tM amcasuie proposed br

.h bo.,d of D,„c,.r, „, .Hch .ke, did „., he.«„, .'p^,',., J,

<^y f«rcd, ,h., .b. p,.„i.„, ,i,t, ^„^ i..ir Ji„,T, w. w'

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don.. 80 low as not to call forth a zealous emulatU. ^ot the «a«r«
fol! elucidation of their fiews, he would beg leafe to go o»er th«
scheme, and offer such remarks as would illuitrat. the principles on
which the committee proceeded.

First of all he obserred, t!i*t they had set apart the sum of jp380
for the support of the local locietiesjwhirh was to be shared amoogst
them on nearly the same plan as that of last year. The committee
thought that this was a matter of primary consideration; because these
aocieties were the means, by which the agricaltur.l spirit had bee.
wcited, and by which it could be preserved ; and any diminuiioo
of encouragement here mightendanger the whole system which wa>
BOW acting with such f igonr and effect. The advantage of these
associations had been universally acknowledged : and the fnendljr
footing on which they had corresponded with the Central Board,
had been a pledge of their past, and an earnest of their future useful-
ness. The samples of wheat which, two years ago, had been sent
from all parts of the province to the board were eiamioed l.y himself
with the most heartfelt pleasure, and he most now sUte to the ho-
nour of the societies, that the different weights per bushel mentioned
In the respective returns had been found wonderfully correct.

It would be observed, that the leading feai:.re of the present scheme
was to encourage tl'e production of wheat. In this grain more than
In «ny other, our agriculture appeared to oe defective in quantity,
though not in quality ; and it was therefore proposed to fix the at-
tention of our farmers to this culture, not only in those places where
•ocieties nore established, but throughout the whole province in
general. For this purpose the counties were divided Into two
classes, tod a set of premiums nas alKitted to each, proportioned to
their supposed advancement in husbandry. The five counties of
Halifax proper, Lunenburg, Queens, Shelburne, and the iaie annex-
ed island of Ca|.e Breton were thought by the committee to be
ioferior, with respect toarable coUivatlon, to the other seven in I>Uva
Stotia ; and therefore a smaller number of bushels were allowed t»
gain the priw» which were offered to the farmers within their re-
ipeclive limits. The smallest quantities in the scheme were fixed
at -iOO, 150 and 100. But in the other seven counties, vix : Cum-
berland, Kings, Hant?, Annapolis, Sydney, P»Ct9U tod ColcbestCk

a^ - 'a>agaa'a MMtaBBi;g3HSS Btgg<58»iBfc w«!a^^

^^ ^ ^^'as^^-<?t3.'^g-WMC^^

•
f rMJf r pxfrfloos were f xpec;ed,and fherci e the number of ba«kei«
wai raised to 350,250 and 150,and at he tame time tbepriiaa fheir-
»eUei were increaied, with a titw to excite asd to reward, in ••!»•
measDre, the additional decree o< indastry.

To thit plaa tot encouraxiiig wheat fite general prizei h-d
l)een added : aod ir wis anderstood by the committee thnt thete
latter might be gained by the same persons who bad beeo the s«e-
ctssfol candidates for the former. It was thos pofcible, therefore,
for oie tarmer to obtain this year the premtom for th^ best acre of
wheal in his own district, and also to receive the reward fo <- being tha
greatest raiser of this grain io his own county, and even in (he
whole provint-e. By thus uniting the possibility of gaining three
separate prises, a most powerful inducement was held out to exrend
the wheat culture, and to accelerate the auspiiiuus period wj^eo the
country woald become independent io bread-corn. It was /hit
great and national object to which these prizes were directed, and !.ii^
trusted that oor farmers would make becoming exertions to hasten
this eweni. They had hitherto not been iuatiemive to the calls
which had betr addressed to them — theytiad made surprising efforts
— and he ard«ntly hoped that they would go on as vigorously as
they had began. •

To further the same end, that of raising oor own bread corn, a
number of prizes was offered for the cultivation of Indian corn. He
felt It his duty to state to the meeting that on this head much diver-
sity of opinion had prevailed in the committee. Some argued, that
it was a crop which deserved lo eiconragement from the society,
because in ^unfavourable seatoos, it entirety miscarried even in our
best counties, and in others less fortuoate io climate and situation,
it could not be cultivated to any extent nor ever enter into a coorae
of rotation. Nova-Scotia on ih^ whole was deemed unfriendly to
ladiao corn, as our suiamers Had not ibe requisite beat to bring it to
perfection.

Wbile these argameots were mai-stained on the one hand, others
of an opposite tendency were advaored with equal plausibtl>
ity and force. It was stated that Indian com from being cuUivaf.
ed in drills was favoarahle to the improvement of (he soil, and to
the extirpation of weeds— that it could be followed by • white
i»«p withottt Tiolating the mlei of good husbandry, and that in

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MHf ptrU of the profince it could be raised ■d»anl(igeo\is1y to \
VMt exteot. Besides it was » crop ficeedingly prodnctifc, and
well worth the atteotion of the fanners in Hants, in Hortoo, ia
Cornwallis and Aooipolls. The.e was one motive which had
weighed with some members of the committee that he would now
beg leate io explain— It had been said by tome that the Prot iacial
Society had not been useful, and that the increase of agricultural
exertion iras owing to the necessity of the times. He would
•dmit that the period, in which this society began to act, was highly
fafourable to ite views, for the school of instruction had not been
opened, till there was a disposition and a necessity in the people to
become scholars. We had arailed ourselves of those favoorable
symptoms in the times; and oar farmers also had seiaed the oppor-
tsnity to learn those doctrines and maxims which had been taught
tbcm. Accordingly when we look into the books of the Custom-
Wase, we find that our lessons have not be«n thrown away, and
that in proportion as this society has encouraged any article of
farm produce, the greater and the more extended h s heeo its culli-
tation. Let us now try again the uglity of the society by a new
»Dd a further test, and see whether we cannot prevail on our far-
ners to plant a greater quantity of Indian corn. If it shall ba
fcund that tnose premiums lead to this effect, that greater exerli <i«
•hall be made in this department of rural art, who then will prest joo
Id future to deny the efficacy of th'; society \

The erection of flax-mills was considered by the committee as a
«ry imporUnt step towards the provincial prosperity. Although
this society has hitherto striven rather to feed than to clothe th©
population, yet we have now advanced so far in atlainiog the first
that we can spare some portion of our attention to the second.
The funds however at the disposal of the committee, were found
insofhcient \o promote this measure recommended in the scheme of
the Directors, cod therefoie the sum t. ,?20 only was assigned as a
bounty on the first mill thai should bfl built in the province.

Seventy pounds were reserved in the scheme for incidental ex-
pences, and the secretary had of himselt proposed, that these should
^ j^.^^.tq{n^4 !,« <;Et!*factorv vonchers ; but sbonic the necessary
expenditure exceed th« amount, that he should be paid the lurplDS.

Wiih this ocJersUodiog the corom'tiee had get down the tmanot
In the pr<»sent scheme.

There wm a proposal made bjr some of the memberj to reduce
the sal-try afW>wrd the secretary, because it seemed to bear loo great
a proportion to t^e whole sum »oted for agricaltural purposes—
This questhn had been discussed in the committee, and it was
carried by a considerable majority that do 'teraticm sboold be
tpade ia the allowance giren to that offic his.decition, the

J•■d^e continued, was agreeable to bis own opinion. Had it not
been for the writings if the secretary, this society io all probability
would 0. »er ha«e been for ned. By his labours and exertions ho
had kept up the spirit of the minor societies, and therefore whatater
benefit had resulted to the country from the eitension of our agri!
culture, to him as the mainspring they must be in a great meaigre
ascribed. It is true, the Central Board might perhaps get a secretary
for £iO a year, who would keep their accounts and record their

proceedings — bu: jucka man would not at all answer our purpose

Wj needed a secretary ^:ho felt himself the glow of eotha!>iasm,ao(l
had the power of communicating it to others ; and therefore, under
•II the circumstancec of the case, he renlly thought that the dimi-
noiion of the salary should not io future be a subject of discussion.

The honourable Judge then went over the articles which bad
been omitted in the present scheme returned by the committee, and
applied to each some Tery pertinent remarks. The curing of beef
and pork, tie further erection of oatmills, the growth of flax were
so obviously important as to need no sort of comment to recommend
them to the notice of the present meeting ; and be concluded by
submitting to their cousideratioo the propriety of applying to the
legislature for further aid.

The honanrable Michael Wallace proposed from the chair that
the sense of the meeting be now taken as to the acceptance of the
report of appropriation which had just bcju commented on by tbo
chairman of the committer.

S. G. W. Archibatd, Esq. (hen addressed the meeting, and stat>
ed that he !iad had the honour of being one of that committee— that
he had found thea^lOOO quite inadequate to meet all the pmr.oses
which the Directors had contfinplated Id (heir srhemej and <hers=
^ore from aecessity had yieldeu to the omission of those articles

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which had juit b«co eausnerated. The dif iiion of the co«n«ie« iot»
a twofold cla«i6c»itlon with respec' to the wheat premioM had
lece'-ed his full acquiescence ; because it was ob»ioos that s^e of
them were in better tralaiog, and made greater progress in the im-
prafcd methods of tlllsge. He bad entertained doubts respecting
tha encooragament offered for Indian corn ; as he considered oati»
to ha a much surer and more adtantageous crop ; ' ut these wera
overruled by th i wli'ies of the msjority. and he bad fallen in with
the general rolce. Oatmeal in Nota-Scotia had been found so
■sefMl ; that in the end it must banish Indian corn, and would pro»e
ooe of the maia pillars on which our independeuca would rest. H«
regretted exceedingly that the corinR of beef and pork had necessa-
filjbeeonbaDdoned—nease he looked upon as a ?«ry talutblecrop —
aod the erection of oatmills in the western parts of the profinca
was a most deairaWe measure ; for in the eastern, their utility was
maiviTsaily acknorledged, and abundance of them, at least equal to
the present wants of the people, had been erected. N twithstand-
ing these omissions in the present scale arising from the Inadequacy
of the 27*u:, he was decidedly of opinion that the scheme now re.
turned by the committee should be closed and accepted in its pre-
lent shape by the meeting. Hetherefoie mored that the presen*
appropriation of the £l COO be agreed to.

Thehonourable Tue Attorney Gknibal followed ; and began
by saying that he had no doubt the committee had exercised their
best judgment in drawing up the report and scbeipe of appropriation,
but in his mind it was not altogether fice of objections. I shall io w
say nothing, continued he, of the rtility of this society, because it
is eslabliBhed on the most irrebistible proof. Yon ha»e heard, gen-
tlemen, of its efficacy io Liverpool— a place where one could
hardly expect that agriculture should thrive : and you have only to
go down «o Mr. John Brown's wharf for a further and stronger
proof of the increase of onr coltitatioo. There Mr. Bro**o haa
shipped on board of a vessel 20 barrels of gord native flour and 4
tons of bread, and these quantities will be increased before the ves-
sel sails for Newfoundland. Wt shall be troubled with no croakers
now to d'spirit our exertions and to cry down our teal. ^^ hatevcr
croaking frogs the spring may bring forth, we shall hate aoue now
fluttering against the society.
There is one caution, howevtr which I would suggest to the secra-

Hry Pitive to the reports which wore printed fron the mfoor locl.
e»ie». The produce of to »cfe, io tome ot theae, wu rated t«
extravaMantly high a. f exceed all belief. Sach improbable ac
counts had a tendency to mar the ends of the institntioo. and ^.k*
the world luspect that they were printed only to deccife. Wh*a
these reports go abroad, mankind mu»te;ther think them • aptciea of
quacliery or deception ; or eUe that Nora-Scotia it one of the motC
fertile ipoti, upon which the »un ihooe and the deir and falni de-
fended.

Fnrthei Jt wai hii opinion 'hat all the r.notry tocietlei ihoald
exact from erery candidate the course of tillage by which the pre-
miums were won. By thus compelling etery one to tell how the
work was done ; others wonid be ioitrucied and follow the exanpls.
The money should nerer be paid till all the circumstances connected
with the method of cultiratioa were detailed for the general
benefit.

Of the leading feature of the scheme be highly approTed. No-
thing was so necessary for ua now, as to encourage the growth of
wheat; and the premiums were tery happily and wi«ely contriTed
to answer this purpose. It was hi* opinion, howeyer, that the
number of bushels for which the general prizes were to be be-
stowed ought to be fixed on a larger scale ; and that the highest
successful quaoiily should be quoted at dOO,and the lowest 20»
bushels.

But while he gave his hearty concurrence to the wheat premians
he as heartily condemned those for Indian corn. He saw a great ta-
rlety of objections to this cnltnre : although he was disposed to al-
low erery man to follow his own taste. First of all, these premiemt
tould not be general and were therefore not useful ; for there were
only a few counties that could contend for them. He felt inclined
to substitute pease in room of IniWao corn, as being a much pre-
ferable crop. Corn, it is true, was very fashionable in America ;
because their sterile and burnt uplands were fit for nothing else ;
and if we would confine the culture to the sandy plains of Ayls-
ford, there could be much lesj said against the scheme. Hut by giving
i^90 to iudoce n«r farmers to plant Indian corn, we were just
eocouraging them to do the tery thing, which in reality
•boold be discouaCeoanced. Pease improve the soil on which
Ibcy grow, by roDderiog it black and ntliow ; whereas lodiaa

eoro it M eihauiUng crop, and »lw»ys itinds In need of ma-
Dare.

But while the icheme holds oai this encourageip«nt for the
production of Indian 'orn, the comoiittee had obliteruted from
it one of il8 most imporlanl obiocis— «he ereclion of oalmilU.
No roan would sorely lell him that Ihe meal manofaclored from
these two grains was of equally nnlrilious powers ; becaufe ft
labourer who was fed on Indian meal would not require lei.3
than eight or ten diets a day ; whereas a sturdy resolute
Sco.-hman at any sort of work would outdo forty of Ihcro.
Nay he would not hesitate to appeal to the brute creation in
proof of his opinion. Gi»e him only a hundred pigs from Chcs*
ter or Sambro who li»ed th2re by divjng for lobsleis (he did not
want pigs from Horlon or Cornwallis, whose taste was filiated)
and lo their decision he would refer the whole case. Take qoao-
tilies of oats, and Indian ireal, and mix them with waler in se.
parate troughs; and you would find that all the pigs would r.:a
to the oatmeal and eat it up entirely before they would touch

the other.

He was also much surprised to find that the cufi..g of berf
and pork was left out of Ihe scheme. At the present moment
these were the two main articles of agricultural produce, which
were calculated for an export, and neither husbandry nor com-
merce would thrive till an export was provided. Were some of
our merchants to embark heartily to this concern, the weekly
papers would announce to our farmers the price of cattle and of
meat ; and thu3 they would proceed from home with a certainty
of he rates »%l.ich could be obtained. The consumption of
butchers meat depended at present almost entirely on the army
contract ; and if this from any cause were to be disconlinoed,
cattle would fall much lower than «e could possibly conceiyc
n was certainly a pity to confine our farmers to a demand se
ex'remely narrow, when to us Ihe sea was open for a large e«-

porl trade.

k statistical account of the province was also overlooked In
Ihe present scheme. It would he easy for us now to collect
tBalerials for such a work ; especially as we had three colleget
and grammar schools without nnaiber. The questions proposed

ihoDid be printed and »ery eiteosirely cbenlited ; to tbaf cwry
•choUr io Novi Scolia riuM contribute his mite, and add to lk«
«e>ieral stock onitfornaiion.— Somethiog of this kind was called tot
by a mo»t imperioos neceisity ; becaase ia some books thii proffno*
wa» described as dreadful, and in others as de^i^htf^l and predac-
lite. Lei OS ascertain (he fact—let us note down in a variety of
mioatei what are the cliinate and the soil — aud tbeo afix to tfa«
whole the sanction of oar oatnes.

For my o wo part, said ;>e, I know the valae of this province^
I hate long coiitempUted its resonrceo, md I mean to spend in it
the remainder of my days ; for I give it a preference to the connlrj
where 1 was boro. It was long a matter of dispnte whether the
?ii>e was a natural prodact of oar soil ; but this can be no longer
questiiMiable, 'of I am in possetisioo of seteral naiite plants takea
from the forest and growing there io a wild state. Sorely, then, it
is of much importance to give fo Nota-^.otia its just and true
character, and io accomplish this we bate only to follow the foot-
•tef-s of Sir J -hn Sinclair in his collection of Scottish statistics. We
want farts, not a>g(iinents and fine writing ; and by sending printed
•chedules through the country to be filled up, we shall be able to
gather all uoeful information.

He was sorry, also, to obierte that a »ery Inadequate protisioo
w»i uiade for fl** mills- Nothing was more necessary togiv » soring
tt onrdome tic manufactures than the encouraging of ild« ; and thia
too was good policy when we loo!i to our impons of linen. This
plant would be tery eateositely cultivated, were it not for the diffi-
culty which eiists io the preparatory process of skotchingit.

If the members would only go down to Mr. Brown's wharf he waa
lore tht ihey would be disposed to nnloik the treasury to the
society, and desire the Directors to tske out of it whatever waa
needed for onr agriculture. They would gire us not only money
for all useful purposes, but eten something to speculate on. And
therefore he would now come to a close ; io the full confidence that
this meeting would adopt a resolution to apply for further cid from
the legi.lature ; that all tho>e great objects which be had enumera-
ted might be promoted by an ade(|uale protisioo.

The Hooourable Juo«b Stuart felt some hesitation io rising
after the Uba.-ievii caeruous of Jiis friend tbe Attorney general who
bnd so eioqjer,tly thundered forth bis seiuimeots ; and after those
•' Jttdiia HftUib«fS»B who bad adtocaitd the nme cause in the still

■m«ll voice ol per»u«8ioo. Ue and those geotlemen had labrored
togetbffr from the period of their youth, and coold well eititnatc
tbfl inproreoMot of this protiuce. Its inhabitants are not aware of
the rr.'id growth of its resoarcei, and of the importance of its rising
agriculture. Wher. Ue first came to this country, there was a want
of all the necessaries and comforts of life, ioasmoch as the koil was
iocap^le of supplying them ; and bol'i butter and pork required for
ordinary consumption weie drawn 'torn Ireland. Our market then
exhibited none of that fulness which we have latciy witnessed. All
■orts of farm preduce were exceedingly rarr ; and native potk, beef,
and poultry were not proctirahle for money. Within the last four
jears a more ?it;aroos and fretiher impulse bad been commnoicated
to the peasantry, and this f^ood rffect n)u»t be attributed in a great
measure to the writings of the secretary. There can be no doubt of
the fact that this country is looliiog up and improfiog in indui*
try and wealth. The necessity (f (betimes has lieen referred to by
acme as the cause o! this alteration ; but he «as of a difiiereot opinion
and ascribed not the whole but a great deal of it to the influence
of this society. lie sliuuld beeilrp.nely vexed to see <iny thing like
a diminution of our exertions and as we had succeeded 'o well al-
ready, let us prusecute the same system of measures by which oor
nltimate and great ends'r^ay be accomplishcJ.

Let U8 not, therefore, (ouch the report. It has been rarefollr
prepared, Mod hits come from good hands. If some material objects
have breii left out from (he want of funds, let more nionry be .ipplied
for, and he would My, (iiat money ou^ht to be granted. He had
alv. ays been a frie>id to economy ; and yet he would not hesitate to
declare that ^C^^^^^ ^^s certainly not the otniost we could afford
from the proviocial chest. Let the present scale lemain unaltered
and undisturbed, as it has been frumed by the committee i and let
furti- raid he solicited from the legislature.

Vr. II. O. Halliburton, £n([. was sorry to obserre that flax,
pease, tind other matter of great interest wore left out in the plan,
becauftethe funds hai! been limited by the legislature according to the
report of the chaiimao of the committee. Under those circumstances
a lar((er sum would be most acrep*able to the society ; but for him*
self be had little or no hopes of a further grant. The i^^OOO al-
.ready voied ought, therefore, to meet ai Diany Oojdcts as pGisible ^
and economy should be exercised on til those parts of the scheme

■_s^^^psr^y^r'y^f^^f^s^^/'^m-:^

irh»cli would .dmit of retreochmenf. He 7«i h\^h]f pletied (•
ht^t the Attorney Generil idtorafe (he agriruhorHi interestn oflhfc
ctfntty ; md he himself was •« laiioas for Its iocce«s as any m.a
tItSioDgh he might adopt a different method of cncoaragement. ]/e
was therefore little inclined to substitute flai for Indian corn, not-
v-llhstanding the maoj plaaslble objections urged against the Utier
crop becaase he thought it our wisest polirj to hold out the greatest
possible indoceraent to the farmer to raise bre^d.c Jrn ; and after this
was •ccompllshed, we codM with more propriety and effect turn hit
attention to clothing. Although he approfed therefore highly .f
fl", he thooght it subordinate to the culture of grain and wa, not
disposed to Interfere with the premium, offered for Indiao corn.
Every object now contemplated would, he trusted, be properly che-
rlshed and supported in the courte of time, for he wished the society
to I.H long, and that Irs plans should ulffnVately be matured. In the
meantime if the legislature saw meet, he ibbuld be glad to get fur.
tber aid.

William Lawsow, E?c wished to make o»Iy a few ob vatfonf.
He would like that seme other fieatlemeo than those of the Bar
would expresa their senti.neots on this subject. The effects of this
locletyhave been praised by them on ail hands, although he was
•atisfied that the money granted to the Central Board had doue no
good. Instead of conslderinjf it as a matter of exultation that native
flour was exporting from the country, he viewed it with regret, be-
cause American floor must be substituted in its place. For his owa
part he was determined to eat thefloor of the country ,and therefore
he wished it reUioed foronr own consumption. All the good which
has been doc , let the gentlemen of the ba? say what they please,
has emanated from the secretary and his writings aud not from the
Board. This was not his own opinion alone, for when he conversed
with country farmers they all agreed with him, alihough at present
they were content to sit still in silence.

The hoDOurable the Attorney Generai. conceived that although
a member of the bar he certainly was entitled to speak, for he had
paid well for his knowledge of farming; and when he looked around

him to the other eentlemnn nf «h/> h.i- k>...» .

.1 their taking a share of the debate, because they were all more or
less engaged in rural pursuit,. In consequence of the dignity which
had been given to agriculture by thd countenance a ad patronage of
that Boerd, several of those gentlemen had retired from the bustle

.no
far

mni eoBientbn o1Uf\ %ttih totb« enla tranqniiity of tb« co«ii»ry,
•nd rerUioly it wai de.ightfal to set thoie men ,>»«• the «>e>.iQg ef
tl.'.r days in inch enployneot. The cvitiraiion ef the earih gaf«
fall acope to all their power* of miad, a« eR)bracing e«rry science
which cooitilates human koowledgp. He would not therefore rea»«
to laite hia voice in ihis caose aod would support it in eterj ck, ariiy
in which he stouH in this commonity. As a member of ihe bar, at
an officer of the crown, end as belongJog to the legislatite body, he
woald defend the interests and meabores of thU society.

After some forther obscrtations by Rtros Faihbanes E.quire,
Judge Hallibuktom, Mr. Lawsojt .nd others, the scheme asietorn.
ed by the committee was approfed of .nd accepted by the meetiog.
After some forJher diicnssion, • motion was made by S. G. W.
AacHiBAtp, Eg. with tne tiew of applying to «be legiilatore for *

Scheme of Agricultural

For Mcoaraf log the local bn Sandry of tbe 85 «o<<ietir» hi the provitic*, tha

Central Board lu« appfopri.itetl to tbo

Provincial Socif ty,

^20

MH^qtioHoboit,

l:i

Abiib<>iiacaiiie and
Gay'* Kivar,

•

4t«wi<ick,

•

Colrhf^^ittrr,

l(»

Loodooderry,

PiGlMH VV>« Ri»er,

,E4i.« Ri»er.

•

ttydn*y,

MsqchetHT.

•

Cape BrelODy

Ar>rhat.

•

Maiiboii,

CiirebTland,

Parisboiongh,

Hants,

- — , E»«t and Noel,

King's County,

Do. do. Ucioo,

1»

Annapolii,

•

DiKby,

•

Yarmonth,

LoDenbiu);,

<»

Slifrbrooke,

Liverpool,

0— . . ■

8801.

For nixing the crpateKt quautiiieiof Wheat in thf gev^B ?Annii>: mnA <fi.*r>«**
of Anuapolls, Kiug'f*, Hant«, Cumberland, Sydney, Colrhester and Piclon, 15i
«ie «et apait to rarb,and to be divided into three prises :
For the first gieateit quantity, ^7

For the seruiid ditto,
For the third ditio.

a-l»l. in aU IM?. if 411*

\lMita

•f

•»

further gfrinf, ind which moiioo «•« rirriid by a greit aijorttf.

Uesolfed, That it is the opinion of this meetiag thit in ippUci'
lion be made to the iegiilatnre for a fuither •nn» of money to en-
coara«etbe a«ricoltore of the profince for the preieat year, and
which is to be a,)plifd to pncoorane the riltare and nanafactnre of
fl-i, the railing of field peaie, tbr coring of beef aod pork, and tho
erticlins; of Oilmltls.

The (hanks of the meeli.i^' wer' then foted to the Hon. MicHiu
Wallace, the vice.ptetident, for biit laud«bi«> and auwrnried «MeB-
tion to the affuirsofthe looioty.

It iii only necessary to add that on applying; to (he Hoose of
Assembly in pursotnce of (be above resolatlon, it appeared (hit th«
commiUee of supply wa« closed for tLe Keitioo, and that i farther
•am roold not he obtained.

Prizes for 1823.

OVJficta andlVules of competition.

Thfl objpci. Ill every tortptv, this year, are limited to xuminer fillow, witk
fonr ;)|oii^b<tiX'' aud harruwiiK*, - m Lime applied in thecre^ieiil {|iianiitic.t'*
and fo the l«i f PHI rvlucN, ui, .i o at uiidtvidcd acre. o( Wh.-at. Kve, Indiaa
Corn and OaiH 4> '^tine cru^tR, Aud «l' luiuipi, Cttiroin and MaiigeJ Wuttsdia
drilU.ai. greeu cm^s.

RiiIph of co'iipplition in pvery N'Dcipt?.

I. Earh a«»ociatiun IK at li!>fitv to m-ifroi tioni n^e al>ovr ri'--...-<i of obj^rta,
anrli •«)>•-" tinted to its own ••oiid-tion, und lo div de i xiini allutiid it uiu of
th" ^ran. Into at tpasi ti*plv» prize* ; an ) for ttiix ; urposp a Keueral meeiini
o* thememb«Tn«hall b*ra lad in tins prr^ent momti ot Apul

2 The dchenip adopted l»y rv.ij society, sii>iit d and coiinter*i||iied by tlia
president and tfcrelary, siialj be nud*" up and dm; jt«"ii»^d on jr b^-ime the 20tii
of Ma> next, for pntdication Non<>oi a later dai<> will lif lerpived b> tIkeBoaid.

'i. Ever ' comppiitor tball po'nt out to bit own society, h>( obji ci or oly^^tt
of competition, and ihe place where he meant titroiMlbct Uis optiaiiouH ; hut
in white or grpen crops, he may «hii»e the bttttmuiritMl ncrr in th» field, before
tbeJH()|[espi-i)'t'i>d to iosppit and examine it. Tbir list of competitors is i*
be ri'tnrned with the scheme.

4. The two j(idi;»^s, appointed by the societies to act in every district, shaH
a*cprtain the greatest extent ot summer fallow eKecntcd, and oi lime applied ;
and in the ea<e of crops, ih'^y shall procppd lo the acre p» com|>etitioa, measure
off eight square rods, and before quitting the spot, dpteimine ihe produce
.h«>reof, wiib 8urb care aud accuracy, ai to prevent ibe possibility of ilect-p.
tion either by the claimant hiuxfJf 01 by hii servants. The coinpetiior mn&t
aficrwatds giv« ir. tke quauiity raucd j»n llie whole acre for th«ir murecoriect
infoimatiou.

Rules of competition,

1. In the seven connticii specihed the tjrsi priie of ^7 cannot be (rained bv a
Um qiiiotity than 350 btiHliel.t, clean wht»ti the sccoml ol ^3, bv l^s.t tliaa S50;
and third of £1 by If ss than 150 bushf h. But in the five conniu's the first prize
may be gained by 200, the hecoud by ISO and the Ikiid by 100 bn^heU, clean
wheat.

t. Any farmer whatever, wiihin the lifflitt of the cannty, may cont»od foe
these pris«s.

BroDght forward, ^485

For raiiiDf die grealest quaDtitiet of Wheat in the five coontiei of Halifax
Troper.ofLnnenburg.QneeusShelbaroeaDdofCape Bretoo ^u are >et
apart 10 each, and to be divided alto into ihree priiei :
For the fii»t ditto, ^5
» For the second ditto, 4

*'or the third ditto, 8—121. in all ^»

For tha farther eucour«g.m„t of •• , wh«„ five |e„er,l pri.e. are offered
fer the grcatett >]naDtiiiea lu the province :
Fir«t, 9
S^coDd, 8
Third, 7
FoDrifa, 6
Fifth, 6 35i.

ler eM«.ra|!»K the growth of PereoDial red clover «ed, five p.i.es are offered

for the greatest qnaBtitiei raised io the province :

First, jL 8

Serond, 7

Third, 6

Fourth, 6

Fifth, 4 Ml.

Fo?enconragiDg the extended culture of Indian corn seven general priiei ar*
keld out to the whole province :

^1«
9

First,

Hacond,

Third,

Fourth,

Fifth,

Sisth,

Cevcoth,

5 10

4 1# COI.

Forertcthig theirst flax aUI in any part of the province, a bovnty iaoffeied

•f^ao.

Incidental cxpentee, £^%

Salary, gso

AmoiutiBg in the whole (e ^looe

lO*.

8. All fompetWofs mnft, on or before tbe fir»t day of August atxl inform «k.
■earMt local wc.ei, ol ibe.r intention to put in a claim, fha h may a^S..

orj^eS':':.::' •" f "r^^'i p'*'^'^''' «"'• «" "^ "a-iaed «",o"2^ ;Zmi

4 ShVin *• "? »f'"-*»'J» ">»•'«"«'«>•-«»<; nun, ber of bnsbel. thrashed

ticular judges : a,„i ,hey must all be ret.ir.auJ by the Ut of Februarv nJLt im
•rder that ibe legwlature .u ,e...on may be apprUed of the re.ult," ^ ' *"

, . , Uules of competition.

I. Any fanner in Nova Scoiia may become a competitor.
MceriaiiiHii i.v >)>» ;.. I. "'''"J '"«»»« or August, muftt be exammed ami

Kx i:VuT«r;S::i;7rt' • *"' ""' *" "^"^^ ^'"'"*'' •• "'«^"'»»

Kules of competition.

1. The seed miiM be of crop 1823, well savtd and fit for sowinr.

a. Tl.e 4uanaty mu»t be proved by certificate, from the local focietie.

3. I-air and average samples mu»t be forwarded by ,h« claimaJufar .h.

,^, I \ ,^^ ^ * ^"''*' ""'"' •*" '"'*^<* *• '«"' 4»0 lb*.-:for the second S50f«r
the third 2o0, to. tb. to... ,h 200. aud for ,h. Ust 150 lbs. clean mrkeubfe.^S

Hules of competition.
*«?.', .^"".t *'"' P' if cannot be w»n by a le« quantity than SOO bushel, shelled
eorn ; .lie second, by less than ^50; the third by less tbau 200 • the foor.l h*
le«s.ba...80; .1.. fifth by less than lOU; the sixth bj les" 1L' I^J .nd ^i
■< veiiib by le.-.H than l:iO bushf Is. ' ^ • ""*' "*•

a. All farmer- in Nova Scotu may contend for them : only, a* in the case of
tfc. «heat prues tormcr.y described, every competitor mn^t iif'm the nearest
local s.ccty o. h,. .uieutiou by the tirst day of AuguM, tJut competent iXe.
may be Hpt.om.ed to inspect the growing crop and aflerwardrasce ./u fb^
shelled corn ; and .nust also obtain a ceriifirate (rom the local secretarl nievi
0..S iob,.a(,,.|y.n« tor the „, ...ey at HP.IUax, and must have b /cuTm^J n!
teu tiitberon or before the tirst February next. t'aus.nit.

, _ Rules of competition. r ^

.V ^* **".? mast be approved of by the local society.
...f J f "" "'"?' ""^ ■ '''*"'"*'' bmWun, Mtnated o.. a ,tood stream of water

3. When the mach.nery is htted up and re/i.ly for motion, tbe cl,„„ai »..»»
lostao.ly.i.io..,. the nearest local society, and call witho. d"Tuy ?"rn l!
witnesses to ascertmu the date, as the bounty w,|l be adjudged u;.'.;/.:;
co.npe.Uioi. : liut the money ,s not denuudable till a sam,.le of the k^ • Jd
lax .. presented to the Hoard to, their ins,,eotion .nd aj^ Jval ' "*

Remarks.

•V 11'/ /"P"""^"."""' I'e «<eounled for by proper evidence and vo.irhers
i. Al ex,.erses incurred must be app.oved of by ibe D.re.tuM
3 li.e secretary i ;o be entitled to neither more nor less than il.«> .«.„,i
•titla*«mthem8i,ag,me.itoftbepnbUo service. "'"*'

.j-i!.*!' V"' '?^'"'^"""'*' "''""•' ''•^"■*''>* "" cjiifine ihr local n.emtinh.'.f
lltry .0 ,n< Ime) to ,lui. own membe.s : but aH .he otber j.nze. a?e Jen" .T.„J
•iay be couteuded tor by eve.y termer ju ihe j-rovioce. g«"*««l, and

JOHN VOUNG.socrela^.

Halifn, April 10. 1883.

3gKBr '

ftcheme of encowTagemeut fot 182.^,

Sobmitted bjr the Directors to theLegislature.

For the 25 societies, 10 per cent, advance on the

8ura3 of last year,.. , »»»,jPVj

For raising wheat in seven counties, thret prizes

of 7/., 51. tfnd 31. in each, 105

For do do in 6ve counties three prizes of 5/.,

41. and 3/. in e^ch, uO

For do. do. five general prizes,. • 35

For curing and packing in barrels beef and pork,. 100

For raising perennial red clover seed,. .«.•..,.. ,50

For raising field pease, •• 25 o

For raising Indian corn,.. .... • ........40

For the erecting of machines to shell Indian corn

from the cob, ]9 q q

For procuring the materials of a statistical account

of the province,. ..•• 97 Q Q

For encouraging the erection of Flax mills Keven

prenuuiiis of !^/. each,. ........ ,c 140

For growing (he largest quantities ofilax five prizes, 31

For erecting (he first five oatmills in such coun(ie8
and districts where none at present exist,
12/. each,, .p. 60

For. incidental expenses, . . • , .qq q q

For. salary, ,...^.. ,.,,.,.,,., 250

£1500

•A..

'I 1 iiHiitiit^— ■» III* I'l-ii Mniiw,

W4» >«

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:••'.

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•

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