IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) W // ■1 :/. u. '^ /. 1.0 I.I f IM IIM '" lU 1112.2 - I« 11112:0 1.8 1.25 1.4 II 1.6 §s^ %, m- °?i w %4 0^ /^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY 14S80 (716) 873-4503 i^mmms^ IliMBiHiBttii CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut canadien de microreproductions historiques 1Q87 Technical ^nd Bibliographic Notas/Notaa techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliogrrphically unique, which may alter any of the Imagss in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. □ Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur Cowers damaged/ i*t:-ife=>^*-^.*Sf*s.p.?5iet* f-:lJf^?H:«ISi® At two o*c1ock on Wednesday the 13tb of Marcli,tt)e House of Assembly adjourned, as preparatory to the meeting of the Provincial Agricultural Society >t the same hour and plaee. The Members of his Maj'^sty's Council instantly attended ; and the seats were speedily occupied and filled up by the gentlemen in town who are the private subscribers to the institution. The honorable Michael Wallace as Vice President, took the Chair, and called attention to the annual Report, which was now to be read by the Secretary. REPORT, DELIVERED BEFORE THE Provincial AgricuUural Society. •# IT is an observation vt^rified by a long and uniform eiperiet>ce, that ail the arts, whether of ornament or utility, are of'slovy growth. The inveDlor generally sketches nothing more than a rude draught which,thoagh bold in the design, is likely to be inelegant ill the execution ; and his humble race of imitators follow the track pointed out without a single sp^trk of (hat divine fire whidh threw the first light on the path of their labours. At limes a g*^n3 aiises, brighter or more fortunate thun thereat, who makes some utall advances either in facilitating the mode of operation, qr iu mastering aonieoflbe difficulties with which It is beset; audio this way, the art, from trivial beginnings, proceeds by a series of steps to tome degree of excellence, but ail this is the work of tine. The progress throughout its whole length is distinguished by many pauses orinterfals ; and what is bi-gnu in one age, continues unfin. ished and imperfect in the orst. It often takes many generatinns to carry the system to its ulterior piir.-h of improvement, uiu't to conquer the farious impedimeots which are successitely presented. The justness of these »iew$ could be shown aptly by a reffrcnrn to tiie history of '.he ele>;ant arts, uhitt* l.'ave ai oiui lU ' i,? aui in jI dignified maukini'. and giyon grace auJ stability to sonuk !;(«. fiut U would be idle to wauder so far, whuu we cau arrive at t!t« itlae ^^JB ^C ill.l.,,ll„ ij . p,.l„„,„J „„„ JJ "..l.b,e d,.co,.r, .a,. ,. ,.ke p,„. ,„ .„hi,«r,.,e, i„ .hlpb.i.j. i"J, m .,..„ o..ig.,i„„, i„ ,„j „.ki„j, „ j„ .„y „, ,^^ ^^^__,^_^ 7 Z"": ""' '° ' ""■" "■" '"""' •"«•«« ,l,e»„l„. „.., b. world, ..d b. .dop,„d b, .11 ..Uo., ; b« .er, diff.,e„, hi.;,c,. <. b,. b„„ ,hc ,.cep,i„„ gi„„ ,„ ,1,, „^, i„ ^„„„,„„ , J"c-":i:br''™''''":"''''''"° '<■''•■"*= ■""'"'■'•'• '4 be'""';' •"':' '"' """ '■"" •" "'—" "•«' » ^ .. d,...„-.„., i„ .be =,„e„, „, .,„„„„,,^ .. ,„ ,^ ;;^« - f S«.e,„„c„.. Hence ,be R»„.„ p,..,^, „,^, ^,, ^^, fif .e.,.h ce„,.,,_. p„i„a ., „„,,^ „^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^ }C..>. A„d ,.„,. ,„, ,;, i„,„,duc.io. of .„„,„„ ,.||„ i„„ ..on.,.d„a,„/„„e„lier d.ie ,b»„ ,be reigo o( Queen Ann. «l.V.»b i. Ud leng before e.i3U Uw couofrle., .„d \a Fra«ce-pl.re, mUh which the ScoU ba4 frequent .o.ercc,or.e, particolarJy after (he .cce.sioa of J.me, to ,h. AUflisb crowo. ifagricollare, 83 has been now represented, be lo :ardy in it« a.0Teme„»,-if Us prejudice, be of .o stubborn and Immutable . «.. iure~,..d ,f i„ discoteries bd so difficuH' of trtDsmis.lo,. trom ona place to Bnolher,whcnce happens it, that f - brief aenals of oar agri. cultural taref r present appearances so utterly *c tarlance Kith thous which hare occurred in other countries ? D/ what frier.dlj agency have we been propelled forward a: a rat« U progression ,c p.odlgl. oasly different from that of other people ? and how comes it to pasi, that iouoratioo on reeeifed opinions and established practices have encountered here so little efftctual resistance and trampled on every obstacle ? Before answering these questions let ir.e rt.J io a hasty wanner the events of every successive yeas Jnce the establishment a-.id Jnrorporation of this Society, dariog which our whole system hat nnder^one in some of its parts a partial, and io others a total i<>vo. Itttiou. In the Session of 1819 the first grant of i?l,600 was given to lh« Central IJoard^a portion of which was laid out in the eucoarage- nient of summer fallow, of liming, and in the erection ofoatmills. Although lictle was afiected in these objects during the currency of that year, raucb attention was dra*n to them, and a more than common zeal evinced to follow up the directions of the Society. The minds of men were aroused, as it were, from a fatal letharg - the eye of curiosity and research was cast ron»d on every quarter to explore th? resources of the country-and some few essays were made in the plans recommended, hot with a visible distrust of the doctrines and reasonings on which their eflioucy was assumed to rest. The farmers passed the )ear raiher in speculation than io action ;aud amosed themselves, some in deftr.ding, oihers io attack- ing and vilifying the new o.derof thiugs. The spring of 1820, vhen the second grant of £\OiJO was obtained, opened under better . auspices. The trials of the past year, imperfect and scanty as they were, had partially dispelled some of the di.ubfs Which sheJ a malignant lofloence on exertion ; and a faiut idea began to bft entertained, that Nova Scotia with industry might possibly pro»e ^dependent in bread corn. The erection of oatmills gave 80[»» « '. r.»d .,«. cop, p,»o..,.M. f,,. ... .CO, ,..->-.i » .-'•>'• r.Z i. c«n,n....U..cd ... .be p-hUc n.i.d. 0..»«. „o. c.». ilL. ..P».e, ..d ob..i.ed 10 .h. e...«« d....-,.... lo .h. "'.« °e°,l..e .\.oo,h.,.bi,., oo. o.m. .c, a..n.f.,...u., U ;T..^„c. .=. rd a,.d .no.ph 6f ,o«, U.oo» : ...d o. .b.» IT J in the shai»e of bounties. At al no«n nnl» were onered m tne bo«i>c "■ ^ , ..»e .0 .ir or ...bm.y. i be .i.co,y b.d beeo pot .o .b. .. Z p.".., 8.0.0 •.«.. P..c.i- Tb. inc.ed.lo.. beg.n . o,„„.. .,,.11' conc,..i.».-.be ..,e.„« ,..b.,ed ""«•""- "^ ^L ..™ .od n..e co„f,.o,ed. V.oo..., .b-ooRbo.. .be . bo e ;:lce, .e.e coUee,.. .I.b ,e..e, ...., •»- e.e., ...... Lmi.ed f.oo. .bieb o,.,eH.U coo.d be dn.o .o ...g.-..". b' .. or..i.v The me-boJ o. .alio, w. oo.. pe.«p.ib.y ....p.o-ed- le. "L ...b.L,ed in .e.e... pUoe,. .,.b.e c.I.i..Hon ... ob . '111 ,00... l'o...oe..nd ....ip. -e-e po-d "■'-' f., 7rlo.pl...., d..i..d <...n .or 0.0 ....Uory «.. gl.dl, t e r. - P.Lge o. ,b.. .un.,e.. inb.c.d co,o .bl.b ,o.,<. hai.eaasd-u v s ^^ , . iTn.ie, these circumitauces attend the future labours of .he plongh. Under these c . f rscn was votea-a .«m which has beeo fou«d the last amMt of .1»U) was voic" » ,s, ii- / ,1 .hP ftbiecu deemed tnore esieiUiaJly totally inadequate to forward the objecli uee connected nUh the present sta^e of oor ,>rogre*s. After this succinct account, the various step, cf which nre wUhm K ce it will be the busioes. of this report to trace vonr remembrauce, H «"" »« *•"' " . , . • ..i., ,h». n-.y be eoo.ide.ed .. .be c..,.es o. .bU ..pid -nd ..ogo . ;.„Vl„ No,.Sco.,..«d.o™,b s.cb.e.o.c.r..oc..o....o.,.bi. omen as hare more lately developed (Iiemselves, sod gif'ea reaioo tc Leiievti that we are approaching 2(ill oearer ihe goal to which our efforls hate iMoa directed. Tlie cauiei that have led to the change are chiefly thieo : — Tiie peculiar orgaoization of oar Ceard of Agrico*ture — The hoooarable zeal of oor leading cht« raclera in all parts of the pro*iuce,— aod themiied natare of oar popuiatiou drawn from distinct couiittiei, and coiuequeatly difided amoogft themselves ia (heir maxims, rules and methods of coltl* ratiou. All along sine? the revival of the pro»Jiici.il indostry, the O.atral Doard \\AS bneen the sole organ by which lh«; legislature has acted. To it Ihe power of diiection has been transferred, and through it the grants of public money have been distributed. It hns been regarded ts the fountain from which the liberality of goverameot has flowed ; •nd 00 that acconot it has gaiued aud preserved a prepooderatiog influence over the minor societies. This derived and delegated luperiurity which It possesses io consequence of its peculiar orgaoi« sation, has enabled it to wield an ondisputed authority and to bind in one common plan of operation the jarrlog energies which would otherwise buve disturbed and thwarted each other. Hence to one grnnd poiat has the attention of the country heeif directed year after year, and the joint laboar-^of all have been infinitely more effective than they could have been, if irregular and di7ergcut . The Board piescribed both the objects and roles of competition, aod maintained lonsistency in the general cfl'orts of the agricultural body. Had the separate societies been left free of choice in their patricular schemes, these would ha»e been of an iocohetent and mTitley character, and could not likely, have been mada to harmonize into a common bystem. One would have directed their premiums solely to the improvement of live stoclt— a secnd would have abetted gteatly the domestic manufactures— a third would have thrown oat lime and snmmer fallow as uselesi— a fourth would have considered »ats as furnishing too coarse a meal for the delicate palates of their aiembers— the drill maihincry would have been despised by a fifth : and thus each following their own counsels and parliiil riews would have chalked ott a line of cwndact that bolllL'd and traversed that of the rest. All those evils have been prevented by the peculiar cooslitulion of tho C-.ntral Board, The Directors from the outwt Iked theWtje en laHependeact ia bread corn, as the main point in which all th btodry. And thfi end hai been alio brought about by the*au(hority aud patronage of the leading men throughout the profince. Jt U not my intention lo paci an eulogy on their public tpirit— a strain ia which poilerily moth more than the present generation, will talte delight in indulging ; but it is worthy of noliee, that whereter these men bsTe shown tbemieltes most zealous, there the bocieties were first founded, and their effects became moM ^isMe. Hence all the coantict hate not partaken equally of the benefits of that new excite- ment, which wherever felt, passed like electric matter and vras accompanied with seasatioos almost as quick and marvellous. In some the piwcepts of the qew school were warmly i-ereired— -in others they were listened to with indifference ; and yet, it cannot be said that in any did they meet with a firm and infleiible resistaace. This is nothing more than what might have been expected. No .^^tntiment however popular, has ever inspired a whole people with the same degree of fervency ; though, if its fonnjjation bo in reason, and no viokot opposition obstruct Its progress, it will in the end work its way by a silent and imperceptible tendency. There are at present manifest and pleasing indications, that the more improved methods of managing land as well as the manufacture of oatj are creeping westward ; and it is more than probable that they will, before the lapse of two, or at mo = t three years, iosiouate themselves into everj corner and cranny of the province. But the third and main cause of the universillty of that changt which has taken place, lies in the mixed nature of cyr popnlatioo. Jn old communities wifere society has gotten time to settle tlajrm into fixed babits,manoersaodcn8toms,and into which there is littleor no migration of strangers to disturb the accnstomed coor8e,all things soon come to wear one unvarying aspect. The style of living—the mode of dress—the religions opinions and theagricultur.l practices partake of a common character ; and by such marks nations areosu. ally distingoJshed. Nay further, ,o powerful is the principle of imU Qaftiii when it liti long lime to act, thtteren in the lam* kio|doai, men, ocrapyinf noe parlicuUr dintfict or coanty, are asiilmilBted inio a ttloter fMcmbUnce than are those who lite beyond the verge of their inmediate commonion. Hence the method of cultUatloQ in etery teparate county of Knglond hat some striking characterii> tics either iu the i>laa of rotation— in the itracture of the implemeatf, or io the manner of harvesting ; aud thus io etery district there il somewhat of relief to break the flut uniformity of the oatloDtl agricalture. It is easy to see bow a culooy like this, composed of the original French, the Dutch aod the Germans— the Americaa refogeet— the l<^eni sn>iie tables, constructed on niimiies taken by Arthur Young in Franee amlin England. Just before the bieakiu|; out of the revolution, tlial g' ntleiuaii lan(Jo>l at Calais for lh<^ purpose of takini; n unrvey of Fiencii liu>baiidry ; and in the prorecn* tlon of bis plan, noted down every tiling i>l/iiiiig to wajiew, piovi^ioii^, t be 106' tliods I rultivatioki, the nature of rrop.<, niannx^s, and in sliort, all sort* of materials, wbi<-h ini;;bt serve as daia for ilie pulitital economist. These mi- nutes «reir taken in 1TS7 to 17H9 in all liiu ilt piiitiiiputv of Fianre ; for be Iraversud that kinj^doui by thvee Kei) ter are hi^^lier than tlie general avcioge ; aud the reverie takes place in tracts fitted for pastHiHgr-; yet ilie ratio on an average of the wbole kingiiom, come* out vwitli woiid-'ii'iil af^rniacy. Tiavels in I-"ri»n<;e voi. 1, page 441 — ouder the article— Fnce of Frovuiwtiii. KF.CAHUULVnON. I'leuch MoDe/. English Money, Beef per lb. oii an avejage of 70 itiiiiutr^ 't f. 3i ^1ultl>u ''<* * Veal . ol 7'i minu'es Pork of "Jb nnniiiej* Duiter ut W niiuuies briad <>> 07 nituuies A pound uf l>re:\d, notwithstanding tli(> labour of baking It, is always cheaper llianu p(>uiiU ct tlour, berause the luraieris to llie latter as 'id to 'iU, that is !• say, 'lit Ibi ot Hour will, afl< r a.lding water, «alt and yeast, nake in all ordina- ly I'i'so 3U ii>!<.ot birare in Fiunee could not be letis tbaa l!i| pci lb, Mil' u biead wa'4 at 3 !tnaveia<^eof all tiie >orts nearly 4d,and butler at 8^d per lb. By the shuij writer and in Ibtt ^auki' place it is said that in RugUnd Ike prices in 17U0 wtie B< ef at 4d per lb. ^ Mutton 4\ \eal -n Fork 4' Hiead 1^- eiiiial to flour at 2( per Ibi il H ^. — . — ,.-.,^^-,,„.^^-^>--. — .■.-l,.^.^.— . rT~,-,„^r:-^~^^^- ^ ^"^"'••'i^ II p<.r,w.«u8Uy HiMurbed by the operation of demand and supply ; but •till, whenever any of the articles rise above, or sink below the •s.,umed .tandard, there i, a tendency in the prices to adjurt them- •el»es at the points of equilibrium. The great reason for this differ- ence of value lies in the cost of production. A farmer can rai»e n pound ofontrreal or flour much more easily than he can raise a pound of beef or mutton : and therefore he should be rateably paid for his lahonr. But n&oreover, meat is more nutritious, or capabU ofsostaiui.ig the body longer, qaantily forquantity, than brearicorn; and on this other accoan! an effective demand will always exist for •the former at double the prices of ihe latter. Amongst us during this last year the relation suljsisiing between these two articles of farm produce has been entirely subverlrd. Bt« U a fracifo.i fl.ort of S.l Butter price of bread is not mentioned, becanse the iea*«Mirv liv.J «»ii(flr yj, IS n whare agrfcaltorists put dowa every item of expenii; nnder its ippro. priate head, tod keep books on as correct principles as does iha merchant, it is recognised at an invariable rule, that unless beef fetob doable of door, the occapicJ* shoulu break up his grasa laodt •od bring them acder tillage. The relation in price between ibe»e two produces a perpetoal oscillalioti between pastoragi- and tillage, •nd determioes the farmer io the destination of bis field*. He tills more when bread I'lMi above, and less when U descend* below its proper level. I have been at the more pains to set this proposition in a plain light, becanse of its vital importance cooaecled with oar present condition and future prospects. The Oj^inion has been long popu- lar, that the province was fitted to be a pastoral rather than an agricnltaral coaotry; and this has been received without much exa- mination and gained an loat universal assent. It kzi not failed to produce a strong effeL> rural industry, and to create a corres> ponding bias towards the bay culture. On this account our finest lands have been laid down to grass, and our marshes, which under the French were fruitful of corn, and were alternately antier fallow and wheat, have ceased to he considered as arable, and been well nigh set apart for the exclusire Eupport of live-stock. This practice has baeo one of the chief sources of the depression of our agriculture, and has servod too Ung to perpetnate distress, embarrassment, and poverty. The very reverse of this favourite opinion will, I appre« hend, torn out to be correct ; namely, that this Province is much better calculated for agricultural than for pastoral purposes. In corroboration of this novel sentiment, it may be stated that a £wt. of oatmeal or flour can be raised at less expense io Nova-Scotia than in Britain. To pave the way for our concurrence in this posi- tion, we may boldly refer to the comparative fertility of thetwe countries ; and we can be justified on the best documentary evidence, if not to exalt our own above England, at least to set it on a footing of eq'ialily. Oar acre will yield as much as theirs, if cultivated with iike skill and capital. Should this be granted, the point at issue is no longer doubtful ; because tho burdens aff'ectiiig land are here light and trivial compared with the iaxa- iion which iiit EfiglL.h fartscrs ciusi rear. Tithes, poor ratcS, direct and indirect taxes jointly contribute to swell the charga of prodoctioD and add to the first cost of their braad corn. Io ii I m\) ihe«e pole's of view oars hafe coDfessedty the advaaUge ; • lid are only inferior to then in a hij^her rate of wages. But if the baSance be io or.r favour with respect to the rai&ing of meal aud floor, it inclines against ns with regard to the cost of rear* iug beef and mudon. The British firmer can bring (he«3 latter t» market at a lower rate than tiie Nova Scotian. and this he accom* plibhes hy the r.ildness of the winter and the aatare of the feed.~-' The sheep both io Scotland, England, and Ireland are allowed te range their native hills throughout the whole year, and to pick up a subsistence from the decayed herbage, heath, and wild plants which ara but seldom covered with snow. The rattle again are fed in (he foldyard for not more than two or three months, and io the more temperate districts, for less than the half of that time. The straw of white crops with s moderate supply of turnips is the spec ies of tod' der which supports them, and its priacipal value is always estimated by its cuuversion into manure. A heifer is osually taken for win*' lering at the rate of SOs.— a sam which here wouid not pay above the third of the hay which mast be consumed during the logg aod dr-ary six months when our cattle must of necessity be shot up. If these data be correct, it would appei' that the English farmer raises his meal and flour at a greater, and his meat ai a less eipeiise, than these can be respectively produced in Nova Sooiia ; aud yet iu order to reimburse his outlay, he requires a dilference between them of double the price ; whereas our farmer during the last year bus bees snpplying the butoher, weight foi weight, either at or below what his could obtaid, for his bread-corn. That region can never be declined by nature for pasturage where the domesticated animal must be fed by hand for more than half of the year ; and where, on account of the extraordinary quantity of hay needed, the very tiest lands must be devoted to their use. It is this capital raistttke which has so locg borre down the agricnltural interest, and led our lantiholders to pursue thai branch of rural economy, wUere they will ever be attend- ed wiih indigence and pecuniary embairassmcnt. The cost of rear- ing a pound of meat will always in this country be some^hxt mere t'han the h»lf of producing (he same weight of oattni'ai and floor ; and therefore (he rntHru! rplatios jubnisting betvveea ths i-rires thould be adjusted at e hi^iier l«vel rorrei"' dci»<. to the capabtlltic-y of thp climate. tBimem*siKntjm«»»^ ^536»yaaiawi5g5'^v:^'jaEg-«n«Bz:«Ri:-ai» =»°^*g^-i^niWrrirnrri €\:^m^: If France and England, notwhbstandinglheJemperaJeness of (heif vrioters and IhHr saperabundance of straw foi fodder, require tbat meat be double the price of flour, it is perspicuously muoifest that In Nora Scotia, beef from tlie expense and trouble of raitiing it, ahould be elevated a little above that standard. What th:it propor< tion of rite should bn h no easy matter to delertnine ; yet the piiii> ciple it:?if on which it depends is neither iii(id(>n nor uocontro«er(i> ble. Id all the branches of a free trade,whe(e labour and rapifal are not fettered by any impolilic oi arbitrary restriction, they ought to have the fame profit, and they will teod to this equality whenerer taeo understand their own interest clearly. The rcirunrialion do rivable from an hundred p-tunds in live stock, should be equivalent to what the same amount yields in ti>!Mi;e ; and Ihereforo the prites of butcher meat and bread should her*; assume a relation resulting from the greater or less expeo«e of produrlion. These views strongly inculcate a lessuu of practiral utility thH4 deserves to be earnestly taui^hl and ileepiy studied. Our country men have persevered in the hay hu»l)andry to the obvious disadvan- tage of themselves and of the community ; and it is now high time Ihat they be cured of the strange infatuation. I'hey have been sell- ing betf at a price much below its fair and natural level, and conse- quently drawing from their lands a return less by the one half than tbesa could have yielded under arable management. And 1 believe that our farmers are beginning to Ojien their eyes to their true inteiests. The rage for graxing is gone by, aud better and juster sentiments are sucteeJtug la its room. Oar peasantry •re a shrewd and intelligent race, and will uot fall, in the iong run, to discover the best a:id most advantageous meih.)i!s of employing theif labour a:id capital. 'J'heir own calm rellections and their mu- tual reasonings are gradually lemoviiig the prejodicei which cloud- ♦'d their underslanJi.igs, and are enabling them to descry the respec- tive benefits of pHslurage and tillage. Since the origin of this Society there has been a progressive increase of arable cultivation, and from present «;.pear«nce» it is not yet on the wane. Very considerable quantities of country flour have been weekly, I had almost said daily brought to Halifax daring the last three months, and this dvent marks a new era in the records of our agriculture. It will be lecoHected ihat «hcnl Lad fhe honour of last addressing you irt^this place, 1 then stated, <• tbat the priaeg which had bfen " •lllifsd far bringing a sapn?;- of flaur to lialilux had badl^4 ■^^^m^amr- 15 '* expectaJion, that three parcels only am- noting to 2 tons 15 cttt. " hfid come from the Interior, aod that it would be Tain to contioae ** those p:ize»; because oar hosbandry seemed to hate reached that " point iu wLich it could about meet the iuternai consamption, bat *• had nothing to spare for the capital." We are now adfanccd a step further ; aod witboot the least encouragement from the Lejislature, native flour haa come in all this winter as regularly as the other articles of agricoltara! produce. What the whole quantity inayha»c been, it is impossibiu to ascertain ; we know howeve',that it has been bought op as fast as it appeared, by merchants, bakers, and householders,- aod the supf ly U not yet slopped, but continuet flowing with a steady current. From some inquiries which I hate made among the principal por- •hasers, ibere it evidence that about ♦40ton8 ha»e pcssed into their hands,besides the small parcels which hare gone to housekeepers aod which couKl not be traced with any acoaracy, but may be irftlj reckoned at ten more. TJiis towi. too is not the only place where naUre flour has been exposed for sale. Plctog is now trading in it to a great extent ; and oatmeal and flour are receited there by the merchants in payment af debts and in the exchange of commodities. Eren Liverpool, accord- ing to a lafe letter from the secretary of its agricultural society, ha4 gotten 50 barrels by the 22d J muary last, fro,n Brookfield and Cale. donla,where three years a^o the settlers began to cutdown the forest. But though we have no means of reckoning the sura total of all the domestic flour raised by our farmers above their own imme* diatc consumption, we can refer, with the view of cistiug some light on this subject, to the books of the Custom House and learn whether our impoits on the whole have been diniiciishiugiu 1822. When we appeal to this testimony, the information is of a most gratifying and exhila rating description. Jn every article of BRri- • Since the date of tbit Report, Marcb lath, a rpgn'ar w^klv 8iin..l« h» *ou..„„ed to come in from the co..,'„ry, ,„d the whole ? ,0.", now Z'ri 1,T raimotbe less than 80 tons, a, one indi»idnal, Mr. \niha "RararrLs bro il»^' the.e bemg adde«l to the imported ,to.k on band will, it is bflievrd Zet th* conM.mp„o„ of the town till the navigation of the M. Lawrence o,c''»T«in ^S retVrnf^rftl n.V"^ observat.on and of fact that the .led, and w.g«o„" [.*'"'""_'« *^'°'".."'* •«'"' "« "«t. »» formerly, loaded with forrign fl„..r *^ «t!€rf fore otir tii; arrented ihat d«s BieniofHa.itix, age ia MOW tr.nctive and pqaaitoifae wants of the touotiy, and has in part tradt carried on by eiir laruert kuice the «ir«i •ettlc ^S5Sag»ta.su5SM£3ei.aBt^:^3mr^..a«s-:.. r.fcriKgajaaan ie5J^7>=wi ItM id- fipltnral i;rodiice there hat hsea a signal redaction nf ioiporta dartug the last jear, and id oats and in barley we hate ubtaia* ed aa eiport for the first time. All these important views and facts, for the satisfactioo of the province, I have thrown into a tabular form, which is sobjolned to this Report, and the results of which abnndantly establish onr growing prospe-iiy. At the desire of his Excellency the Governor, an accoant of the Imports and Exports for the yea/s 1818 and 1819 has been obtained from the Castom House in order to ascertain the agricultural s^-^«5y^^a£'^.sr?^i& .^»i.iw»,- — *»-»•- <» a ■^ B -> n o 3, S 3 S I 1 Jq » _ -■ « 3 _. 2^ "■I n 3 3? 23 ,- - fa- S9 oe o a » - S ? * o n •5 e « n 2. II ^ o ft n S.3 a* M B -I r » a. 3. it 1 n s - -1 » K £ 3 " '-. ^ = ■'' !^ ^ ■'"OS ■ 5 i ■ S = 5-9 « ■ M M O a » a. (O ea CD s o o e OB or M O =• a. ¥ B S'» ^ B B B (« £. B =^ a e B n (O 17 o A a D9 a* o «• (0 ■" a" « o _. ^ o » • »■ K — 3 Wi M 3 H B i 2 * * Q. a. & X M 8 •e-o -I *. — Ui ^1 w U, O ci S tS2 *^ o -» 5n VI »J ■— ic CI « M -4 tC « s> M 00 OE ca K. in M ^ r^ f. to o CD ta tn OD s Of o 8 OD o CD en 3 <0 cr ■I o A cr CB to or O f "> -* ta w <_ (CM — o ao w M O- 2S Kfaijsq ii|djj«q xpjjcq — o to 03 ki — tC IC o '^ OD en le O w — *4«q •«|.*\3 M|JUII<1 <|3i{siiq iideq (aqsiiq sSfifj — OD H O ON. 1^ 1^ M* x ta •^ o M w •o tXJ Ci IC -» 1^ o at Ci c. -* .^ »v (S o (X »s !.-, o I* -» o o >q.<>iiiil — o ^|aj|«q saeq sqDiitiil t^q e ■siptind B o ta M O = 2, Si' o 2- o s o OD 31 3- «. TTiis great «»ing to the province hat not arisen entirely from the extend- ♦d r.,!t..,e ot wheat, although that has operate.! to a certain euen,, hut fron. the subM.lntion ot oataeai tor flour, and from the increased .npply ^f po,at„e™ year •Vhefea^fnuii'.Uf **.**''* *•""•* '"l ""P""' ""'^ '° ""« <^<""«""- '»<••« ■iP^.^-c^^smt'^ .SST.'' y^i 18 Jfl.eeting, Maxell 12. \f N ,7 > Esquires. The report being Solihed, the Vica-Presldeot called the atlentioB of the Meeting to the expenditnre ihat had taken place under the two last grants, and which had been attested by touchers and examined by a committee of Directors. But as these accounts referred to th* grants of pablic money by the legislature, it would now be proper ta appoint, as auditors, some members of Geuerai Assembly. For this purpose were named, W. H. O. Halliburton,- W. A. Chipman, and Robert Dickson, and it was requefitcd that they would inspect the accounts and report to the next meeting. The schc jie of appropriation for the current year was then ordered to be read by the secreJary, and which embr«(.-ed a great Tariety of objects and extended to the sum of jflSOO. Wiih . le ?iew of re- vising the scheme by leaving out such objects as were deemed unnecessary or inserting others of more immediate importance, the Vice-President proceeded to name the following gentlemen as a com- mittee. Honourable Judge Halliburton, Chairman, S. G. VV. Archibald,^ .lohn Bingay, ^ S. Bishop, J William Dickson,y James R Dowolf, f ^ Edward James, f ., J.G.Marshall, >^'^^"^^' R. J. Uniacke, > Esquire.. Thomas Ritchie, \ Daniel Wier, \ R. lilair, -' John Wrib, -^ William Lawson, Esq. stated that this committee' could not proceed to afipropriate the sum of j£»1500for agricultural purposes - for he himself objected t9 the amount as being much greater Ihaa the funds of the province could spare. At all events bethought it was folly (0 divide it by a committee till it was fot^M in the House of Assembly. JuiJOE Halliburton, replieu Ihat the seheme of j^1500 which had now been read had ba4D prepared by the Directors, in coaseqneoce V 1 .iK^" X^^S.^' : 19 af ft resolollon adopted by the Home at Afsembly ; reqairSoK the piao of approprifttion to be laid upon their table, within fifteen dayt from the commencement of each session ; that it embraced all th« objects which the Directors thooght worthy of eocoarafte'ment ; and that it remained for the Legislature to decide whether adequate funds shoold be fcttd for (hat purpose. If the same mode of pro- ceeding was parsaed iri this as in former years, the committee wonld hare do difficalty in the execution of (heir doty. It had been cus^ tomary after the first meeting of this society, (hat the House of As* ■embly should immediately thereafter take up the agricultural grant, ftnd pass such a sum as they were willing and able to bestow : And then the committee conid proceed to divide that grant conformably to the general tenor of the scheme. Rvrvi FAiRBiiNSS, £sq. said further in explanation that the pre- sent scale of appropriation was drawn up under the idea of obtiining j^i 500 from the Ijegislature, which sum had been parcelled out among objects which he thought well entitled to the alleolion of the board and the commonity. The committee, therefore, could taku that sum as a rule ; aod if aflervfards ^£'1000 or only ^£^750 were obtained from the House, a prO|}orliooable dimiuntioo cuuld lake place in the number or value o| (he prizes. James R. Dewolf, Esq. said (hat be differed altogether from his friend Mr. Lawson as to the amount of the grant ; for he thought that the sum proposed instead of beitig toogrcat ought to be enlarg- ed. — He was satisfied that no application of the public money was so beneficial, as much good had already been accomplished. His duty called him publicly to state here the great progresii which had been made in his own county within the last three years. In Janu- ary 50 birrels of flour bad come into Liverpool from Urookfield and Caledonia ; and although the quantity might appear sniail, it ought to be recollected that 50 families had lately gone there, and required to be supported. He considered that these societies weie the great cause of this increased activity, and that tberetore thry should be upbe.d both by the countenance and bounty of the Le- gislature. The honourable the Attorkey General rose and said that the ie&tioioiiy bwrne by Air. Dewoif in behalf of our agiiruituio afibrded him much pleasure ; and that he should cuusider bituself •0 negltgent net fo add hit (ettimony also to the Tttt lod striking beneBt which had nccraed to the province. That we$ now •• clear that do roan in his tenses could donbt it ; and instead there- fore of limiting the operatioo of the societies by paltry sanis he eipected to witness this year an uncommon liberality W!(h respect to the grant, and that aU branches would cooperate heartily in this bosiness. The illustrions nobleman who founded this society had in fiew to bring all the branches of the Lfgislatife body into oo. point of action and onion ; that in this Board the collecli,e nisdom of the profioce might centre. It comprehended the Go»ernor, hu Majesty's Council, the meuibers of the house of Assembly, and many respectable gentlemen in town who contribated their money •nd good wishes. It was pain/ul to him to look around and tee that several weae not in their places \ although their official dotiea required their attendance; and it was still more to to think that there were some who retained 4n hostility to (hit inttitation. He did not wish to point oat by name those who were absent :— bat they were easily discovered by noticing tbo«e who were present. He thought that all such opposUion shoald bo now laid aside ; because so improvement in the condition of the province wat clear ■nd manifest. He knew of no country that had made a like progress in so short a time ; and he was satisfied that the spirits of the farmers bad revived wiih their iroprcvii^g prospects. Being a farmer himsflf he often conversed with his brother farmers, and could p»ainly perceive that their hopes were raised, because they now saw they could provide for themselves and their children. It was not long since agricnltnre was despised in this country ; bat ita reproach had been wiped oflfjand it was accounted both an bonora* ble and an honest pursuit. It was the best way of rearing a family and providing for the children. This was one great advantage which had resulted from the establishment of societies ; inasmoch as it had corrected the opinions ©f men, and taught them to think more wise- ly and „ ore according to truth. Another great advantage which had actroed from the establish, ment of our agricnltoral institutions lay in opening the eyes of oar farmers to the benefits of tillage. They had always been fn th« hsbit of rai'iag too many cattle— a Hoe into which they had bees forced by the war, and the encouragement held oat by tbe largo SI eontr.eU of gof.rnment. Although (hii mrthod of emplo)lDg tbefr lands u.i({ht be then profitable, it wai cow the »ery rewrse. Let •ny mno connltheeipcnse ind troobl« of raising a c*|f-the milk it cousomes, the h.y eipended thefir.^t, s^cood aod third wioten ; end let him count Vis own lime in tending it at Is. t day ; and he wil< find .fat he cannot .fford beef under fid per lb. There c-onot, therefore, be. greater folly than rearing so many cattle aod oeglect- Ion the plough. This b.i Dot always been the ease in Nor. Scoti. ; for he had been l«t.ly turning hi-. «ttention to the ^-ncieot recordi • of thi. profince, as preserved in public offices ; with a view to col. lect any facts iilustratiTe of our agriculture. When the Eoglish took possession of .his country, there might be 40,000 souls io if, .nd the plough was the .ppport of this population. He found that an emhar^o was imposed to prevent the exportation of wheat and pease from Nova Scotia to tb^nel.^hbouring, state of Massachusetts. AlthooRh this m.y appear very" strange to some, who hate beea crying both long and loudly that we could not raise our own bread; be could assure them that it was . positive fact. What was the' consequence of the etnhargo, thus laid on the agricultural produce of Nova Scotia ? Why the state of Massachusetts takes the alarm, and sets forth a very strong remonstrance and complaint that their supplies were cut off. On this bis Majesty's Council taking their case Into consideration ; and willing to give them all the relief in their power, grants thena a licence of three m.>nths for the exportation of wheat ar..J p, ed a little longer ; for 1 fear that they will produce no adequai* •fleet ; because tb ' lesoorces of this coontry are bo jireat and so wooderfal, that they may too sooo reliefe as froni our ditTicuities. It is now time to cnltirate the arts of peni'e, and to improre the country in all thehraaches of industry. Commerce and agriculture must go hand la hand ; for thn merchant, the farmer aod the cokMS* nerare linked together in iodissolabie ties The leading features of the siheme whith had been submitted to the meeting, lay in eiteading the colture of wheat. Of this he highly approred ; bentDi^f in all rther r(»nrcts our agricniluie Had been considerably adtanced, hut in this was still greatly de6cieut. Dc- thought, however, that several thing .,ext, the "iO.h ins.a... ; a.ul |,efore that time the house of As- sembly *»..oU uke up the quesiion of the agricultural grant; and Ihe como.itlee would also proceed to apportion that grant among the various object?, w hith had been submitted in the scheme of the Di- rectors. VV. II. O, IIalubuuton, Esq. observed that before the meetinr came to a close, he could notxefraio from expressing his good wishes towards this society and Us desire of encouraging it. No public money could be applied to a belter ob|ect than the promotion of oar Bgri.olture. At the same time he thought our domestic raanufac- tores worthy of eacourageinent ; and ou that account be highly ap. The b„,!««, of the day beiug now concladed, the meetlae w., adjourned until Thursday. "eeung was AdioS'ned Meeting, Marcli ao. The Society „.et .his day i„ the roon, appropriated to the Hoase of As.en,bly ; aod .he chair was again fi„ed by tie Honourable the \ .ce President. He opened the basine.,3 by stating that the two commu.ce, formerly appoiu.ed should now give in their reports. W. A. CBiPMAy, Esq. wa, called upon to state the result of the examination into the accounts of expenditure presented by the trea. surer ; and he replied, .hat the commiUee bad gone overall the Toochers and found every thing correct tthU the grant of £l250 was totally exhausted, and that .he sum of £420 17 6, onto, the last grant of ^800, was expended. The Honourable Judge HALLiBuatox, as cbairmn of the com. m.Uee of appropriation, Mas next requested tp explain in .hat manner the vote ofi?,000, passed by the legistature since .he last meeting ef the ,ocie.y, had been divided, wi.h the view of encouraging the provincial agriculture. The Honourable .be Juo^e rose at this call from the chair, holding iu hi, hand the scheme which had been adopted by the committee. He first of all, remarked that a. £,C00 had only been vo.ed to meet he proposed objects of encouragement,which according to theDirec tm scheme.required the sum of£l500,.be committee took into con- .idera..oa whether they. ould apportion this grant on a reduced .cala to .1 the parts of the scheme, or whether they would lay aside .ome arl.cles .ud .elect such a, th.y conceived to be of paramount interest. 1 he committee adop.ed the last of these propositions, and appropriated .he £iOOO among such objects as in their opinion were •fmost consequence. It was wi.h, ome regre.,that they came to thi, de.ermmation. because tKer- h--< --♦»-- ti.«K J *i^. -^■■^- f?-- iiuii;i;tM amcasuie proposed br .h bo.,d of D,„c,.r, „, .Hch .ke, did „., he.«„, .'p^,',., J, <^y f«rcd, ,h., .b. p,.„i.„, ,i,t, ^„^ i..ir Ji„,T, w. w' ?^ia5,^s!»HBr-iaBi^j?]r.gsmtaKt? r^^aam^^^smm iia^wsE ■■>.-^''i&ti ..aB^f--^3as k.:>7^^ rmam^'r-^.^}safnii . -aaiE^-! Iti don.. 80 low as not to call forth a zealous emulatU. ^ot the «a«r« fol! elucidation of their fiews, he would beg leafe to go o»er th« scheme, and offer such remarks as would illuitrat. the principles on which the committee proceeded. First of all he obserred, t!i*t they had set apart the sum of jp380 for the support of the local locietiesjwhirh was to be shared amoogst them on nearly the same plan as that of last year. The committee thought that this was a matter of primary consideration; because these aocieties were the means, by which the agricaltur.l spirit had bee. wcited, and by which it could be preserved ; and any diminuiioo of encouragement here mightendanger the whole system which wa> BOW acting with such f igonr and effect. The advantage of these associations had been universally acknowledged : and the fnendljr footing on which they had corresponded with the Central Board, had been a pledge of their past, and an earnest of their future useful- ness. The samples of wheat which, two years ago, had been sent from all parts of the province to the board were eiamioed l.y himself with the most heartfelt pleasure, and he most now sUte to the ho- nour of the societies, that the different weights per bushel mentioned In the respective returns had been found wonderfully correct. It would be observed, that the leading feai:.re of the present scheme was to encourage tl'e production of wheat. In this grain more than In «ny other, our agriculture appeared to oe defective in quantity, though not in quality ; and it was therefore proposed to fix the at- tention of our farmers to this culture, not only in those places where •ocieties nore established, but throughout the whole province in general. For this purpose the counties were divided Into two classes, tod a set of premiums nas alKitted to each, proportioned to their supposed advancement in husbandry. The five counties of Halifax proper, Lunenburg, Queens, Shelburne, and the iaie annex- ed island of Ca|.e Breton were thought by the committee to be ioferior, with respect toarable coUivatlon, to the other seven in I>Uva Stotia ; and therefore a smaller number of bushels were allowed t» gain the priw» which were offered to the farmers within their re- ipeclive limits. The smallest quantities in the scheme were fixed at -iOO, 150 and 100. But in the other seven counties, vix : Cum- berland, Kings, Hant?, Annapolis, Sydney, P»Ct9U tod ColcbestCk a^ - 'a>agaa'a MMtaBBi;g3HSS Btgg<58»iBfc w«!a^^ ^^ ^ ^^'as^^- ity and force. It was stated that Indian com from being cuUivaf. ed in drills was favoarahle to the improvement of (he soil, and to the extirpation of weeds— that it could be followed by • white i»«p withottt Tiolating the mlei of good husbandry, and that in \- ^^k^^g^^j; - SS'E^.'i rjgag'):-- iggyg^^^^ijgiggB^ga^g.ajfe "S^ «tr. i' ■ -i 28 MHf ptrU of the profince it could be raised ■d»anl(igeo\is1y to \ VMt exteot. Besides it was » crop ficeedingly prodnctifc, and well worth the atteotion of the fanners in Hants, in Hortoo, ia Cornwallis and Aooipolls. The.e was one motive which had weighed with some members of the committee that he would now beg leate io explain— It had been said by tome that the Prot iacial Society had not been useful, and that the increase of agricultural exertion iras owing to the necessity of the times. He would •dmit that the period, in which this society began to act, was highly fafourable to ite views, for the school of instruction had not been opened, till there was a disposition and a necessity in the people to become scholars. We had arailed ourselves of those favoorable symptoms in the times; and oar farmers also had seiaed the oppor- tsnity to learn those doctrines and maxims which had been taught tbcm. Accordingly when we look into the books of the Custom- Wase, we find that our lessons have not be«n thrown away, and that in proportion as this society has encouraged any article of farm produce, the greater and the more extended h s heeo its culli- tation. Let us now try again the uglity of the society by a new »Dd a further test, and see whether we cannot prevail on our far- ners to plant a greater quantity of Indian corn. If it shall ba fcund that tnose premiums lead to this effect, that greater exerli wrd the secretary, because it seemed to bear loo great a proportion to t^e whole sum »oted for agricaltural purposes— This questhn had been discussed in the committee, and it was carried by a considerable majority that do 'teraticm sboold be tpade ia the allowance giren to that offic his.decition, the J•■d^e continued, was agreeable to bis own opinion. Had it not been for the writings if the secretary, this society io all probability would 0. »er ha«e been for ned. By his labours and exertions ho had kept up the spirit of the minor societies, and therefore whatater benefit had resulted to the country from the eitension of our agri! culture, to him as the mainspring they must be in a great meaigre ascribed. It is true, the Central Board might perhaps get a secretary for £iO a year, who would keep their accounts and record their proceedings — bu: jucka man would not at all answer our purpose Wj needed a secretary ^:ho felt himself the glow of eotha!>iasm,ao(l had the power of communicating it to others ; and therefore, under •II the circumstancec of the case, he renlly thought that the dimi- noiion of the salary should not io future be a subject of discussion. The honourable Judge then went over the articles which bad been omitted in the present scheme returned by the committee, and applied to each some Tery pertinent remarks. The curing of beef and pork, tie further erection of oatmills, the growth of flax were so obviously important as to need no sort of comment to recommend them to the notice of the present meeting ; and be concluded by submitting to their cousideratioo the propriety of applying to the legislature for further aid. The honanrable Michael Wallace proposed from the chair that the sense of the meeting be now taken as to the acceptance of the report of appropriation which had just bcju commented on by tbo chairman of the committer. S. G. W. Archibatd, Esq. (hen addressed the meeting, and stat> ed that he !iad had the honour of being one of that committee— that he had found thea^lOOO quite inadequate to meet all the pmr.oses which the Directors had contfinplated Id (heir srhemej and ieral stock onitfornaiion.— Somethiog of this kind was called tot by a mo»t imperioos neceisity ; becaase ia some books thii proffno* wa» described as dreadful, and in others as de^i^htf^l and predac- lite. Lei OS ascertain (he fact—let us note down in a variety of mioatei what are the cliinate and the soil — aud tbeo afix to tfa« whole the sanction of oar oatnes. For my o wo part, said ;>e, I know the valae of this province^ I hate long coiitempUted its resonrceo, md I mean to spend in it the remainder of my days ; for I give it a preference to the connlrj where 1 was boro. It was long a matter of dispnte whether the ?ii>e was a natural prodact of oar soil ; but this can be no longer questiiMiable, 'of I am in possetisioo of seteral naiite plants takea from the forest and growing there io a wild state. Sorely, then, it is of much importance to give fo Nota-^.otia its just and true character, and io accomplish this we bate only to follow the foot- •tef-s of Sir J -hn Sinclair in his collection of Scottish statistics. We want farts, not a>g(iinents and fine writing ; and by sending printed •chedules through the country to be filled up, we shall be able to gather all uoeful information. He was sorry, also, to obierte that a »ery Inadequate protisioo w»i uiade for fl** mills- Nothing was more necessary togiv » soring tt onrdome tic manufactures than the encouraging of ild« ; and thia too was good policy when we loo!i to our impons of linen. This plant would be tery eateositely cultivated, were it not for the diffi- culty which eiists io the preparatory process of skotchingit. If the members would only go down to Mr. Brown's wharf he waa lore tht ihey would be disposed to nnloik the treasury to the society, and desire the Directors to tske out of it whatever waa needed for onr agriculture. They would gire us not only money for all useful purposes, but eten something to speculate on. And therefore he would now come to a close ; io the full confidence that this meeting would adopt a resolution to apply for further cid from the legi.lature ; that all tho>e great objects which be had enumera- ted might be promoted by an ade(|uale protisioo. The Hooourable Juo«b Stuart felt some hesitation io rising after the Uba.-ievii caeruous of Jiis friend tbe Attorney general who bnd so eioqjer,tly thundered forth bis seiuimeots ; and after those •' Jttdiia HftUib«fS»B who bad adtocaitd the nme cause in the still h ■m«ll voice ol per»u«8ioo. Ue and those geotlemen had labrored togetbffr from the period of their youth, and coold well eititnatc tbfl inproreoMot of this protiuce. Its inhabitants are not aware of the rr.'id growth of its resoarcei, and of the importance of its rising agriculture. Wher. Ue first came to this country, there was a want of all the necessaries and comforts of life, ioasmoch as the koil was iocap^le of supplying them ; and bol'i butter and pork required for ordinary consumption weie drawn 'torn Ireland. Our market then exhibited none of that fulness which we have latciy witnessed. All ■orts of farm preduce were exceedingly rarr ; and native potk, beef, and poultry were not proctirahle for money. Within the last four jears a more ?it;aroos and fretiher impulse bad been commnoicated to the peasantry, and this f^ood rffect n)u»t be attributed in a great measure to the writings of the secretary. There can be no doubt of the fact that this country is looliiog up and improfiog in indui* try and wealth. The necessity (f (betimes has lieen referred to by acme as the cause o! this alteration ; but he «as of a difiiereot opinion and ascribed not the whole but a great deal of it to the influence of this society. lie sliuuld beeilrp.nely vexed to see id to economy ; and yet he would not hesitate to declare that ^C^^^^^ ^^s certainly not the otniost we could afford from the proviocial chest. Let the present scale lemain unaltered and undisturbed, as it has been frumed by the committee i and let furti- raid he solicited from the legislature. Vr. II. O. Halliburton, £n([. was sorry to obserre that flax, pease, tind other matter of great interest wore left out in the plan, becauftethe funds hai! been limited by the legislature according to the report of the chaiimao of the committee. Under those circumstances a lar((er sum would be most acrep*able to the society ; but for him* self be had little or no hopes of a further grant. The i^^OOO al- .ready voied ought, therefore, to meet ai Diany Oojdcts as pGisible ^ and economy should be exercised on til those parts of the scheme ■_s^^^psr^y^r'y^f^^f^s^^/'^m-:^ 35 irh»cli would .dmit of retreochmenf. He 7«i h\^h]f pletied (• ht^t the Attorney Generil idtorafe (he agriruhorHi interestn oflhfc ctfntty ; md he himself was •« laiioas for Its iocce«s as any m.a tItSioDgh he might adopt a different method of cncoaragement. ]/e was therefore little inclined to substitute flai for Indian corn, not- v-llhstanding the maoj plaaslble objections urged against the Utier crop becaase he thought it our wisest polirj to hold out the greatest possible indoceraent to the farmer to raise bre^d.c Jrn ; and after this was •ccompllshed, we codM with more propriety and effect turn hit attention to clothing. Although he approfed therefore highly .f fl", he thooght it subordinate to the culture of grain and wa, not disposed to Interfere with the premium, offered for Indiao corn. Every object now contemplated would, he trusted, be properly che- rlshed and supported in the courte of time, for he wished the society to I.H long, and that Irs plans should ulffnVately be matured. In the meantime if the legislature saw meet, he ibbuld be glad to get fur. tber aid. William Lawsow, E?c wished to make o»Iy a few ob vatfonf. He would like that seme other fieatlemeo than those of the Bar would expresa their senti.neots on this subject. The effects of this locletyhave been praised by them on ail hands, although he was •atisfied that the money granted to the Central Board had doue no good. Instead of conslderinjf it as a matter of exultation that native flour was exporting from the country, he viewed it with regret, be- cause American floor must be substituted in its place. For his owa part he was determined to eat thefloor of the country ,and therefore he wished it reUioed foronr own consumption. All the good which has been doc , let the gentlemen of the ba? say what they please, has emanated from the secretary and his writings aud not from the Board. This was not his own opinion alone, for when he conversed with country farmers they all agreed with him, alihough at present they were content to sit still in silence. The hoDOurable the Attorney Generai. conceived that although a member of the bar he certainly was entitled to speak, for he had paid well for his knowledge of farming; and when he looked around him to the other eentlemnn nf «h/> h.i- k>...» . .1 their taking a share of the debate, because they were all more or less engaged in rural pursuit,. In consequence of the dignity which had been given to agriculture by thd countenance a ad patronage of that Boerd, several of those gentlemen had retired from the bustle .no far mni eoBientbn o1Uf\ %ttih totb« enla tranqniiity of tb« co«ii»ry, •nd rerUioly it wai de.ightfal to set thoie men ,>»«• the «>e>.iQg ef tl.'.r days in inch enployneot. The cvitiraiion ef the earih gaf« fall acope to all their power* of miad, a« eR)bracing e«rry science which cooitilates human koowledgp. He would not therefore rea»« to laite hia voice in ihis caose aod would support it in eterj ck, ariiy in which he stouH in this commonity. As a member of ihe bar, at an officer of the crown, end as belongJog to the legislatite body, he woald defend the interests and meabores of thU society. After some forther obscrtations by Rtros Faihbanes E.quire, Judge Hallibuktom, Mr. Lawsojt .nd others, the scheme asietorn. ed by the committee was approfed of .nd accepted by the meetiog. After some forJher diicnssion, • motion was made by S. G. W. AacHiBAtp, Eg. with tne tiew of applying to «be legiilatore for * Scheme of Agricultural For Mcoaraf log the local bn Sandry of tbe 85 «o<iiacaiiie and Gay'* Kivar, ^0 • 4t«wi« Ri»er, 80 ,E4i.« Ri»er. 12 10 • ttydn*y, 16 MsqchetHT. 15 • Cape BrelODy SO Ar>rhat. 10 • Maiiboii, 10 CiirebTland, 80 Parisboiongh, 10 Hants, 20 - — , E»«t and Noel, 80 King's County, 15 (1 Do. do. Ucioo, 1» Annapolii, SO • DiKby, 10 • Yarmonth, 15 LoDenbiu);, 15 <» Slifrbrooke, 10 Liverpool, 90 0— . . ■ 8801. For nixing the crpateKt quautiiieiof Wheat in thf gev^B ?Annii>: mnA «** of Anuapolls, Kiug'f*, Hant«, Cumberland, Sydney, Colrhester and Piclon, 15i «ie «et apait to rarb,and to be divided into three prises : For the first gieateit quantity, ^7 For the seruiid ditto, For the third ditio. a-l»l. in aU IM?. if 411* \lMita •f •» S7 further gfrinf, ind which moiioo «•« rirriid by a greit aijorttf. Uesolfed, That it is the opinion of this meetiag thit in ippUci' lion be made to the iegiilatnre for a fuither •nn» of money to en- coara«etbe a«ricoltore of the profince for the preieat year, and which is to be a,)plifd to pncoorane the riltare and nanafactnre of fl-i, the railing of field peaie, tbr coring of beef aod pork, and tho erticlins; of Oilmltls. The (hanks of the meeli.i^' wer' then foted to the Hon. MicHiu Wallace, the vice.ptetident, for biit laud«bi«> and auwrnried «MeB- tion to the affuirsofthe looioty. It iii only necessary to add that on applying; to (he Hoose of Assembly in pursotnce of (be above resolatlon, it appeared (hit th« commiUee of supply wa« closed for tLe Keitioo, and that i farther •am roold not he obtained. Prizes for 1823. OVJficta andlVules of competition. Thfl objpci. Ill every tortptv, this year, are limited to xuminer fillow, witk fonr ;)|oii^b '^tine cru^tR, Aud «l' luiuipi, Cttiroin and MaiigeJ Wuttsdia drilU.ai. greeu cm^s. RiiIph of co'iipplition in pvery N'Dcipt?. I. Earh a«»ociatiun IK at li!>fitv to m-ifroi tioni n^e al>ovr ri'--...-•-" tinted to its own ••oiid-tion, und lo div de i xiini allutiid it uiu of th" ^ran. Into at tpasi ti*plv» prize* ; an ) for ttiix ; urposp a Keueral meeiini o* thememb«Tn«hall b*ra lad in tins prr^ent momti ot Apul 2 The dchenip adopted l»y rv.ij society, sii>iit d and coiinter*i||iied by tlia president and tfcrelary, siialj be nud*" up and dm; jt«"ii»^d on jr b^-ime the 20tii of Ma> next, for pntdication Non<>oi a later dai<> will lif lerpived b> tIkeBoaid. 'i. Ever ' comppiitor tball po'nt out to bit own society, h>( obji ci or oly^^tt of competition, and ihe place where he meant titroiMlbct Uis optiaiiouH ; hut in white or grpen crops, he may «hii»e the bttttmuiritMl ncrr in th» field, before tbeJH()|[espi-i)'t'i>d to iosppit and examine it. Tbir list of competitors is i* be ri'tnrned with the scheme. 4. The two j(idi;»^s, appointed by the societies to act in every district, shaH a*cprtain the greatest extent ot summer fallow eKecntcd, and oi lime applied ; and in the eaetitioa, measure off eight square rods, and before quitting the spot, dpteimine ihe produce .h«>reof, wiib 8urb care aud accuracy, ai to prevent ibe possibility of ilect-p. tion either by the claimant hiuxfJf 01 by hii servants. The coinpetiior mn&t aficrwatds giv« ir. tke quauiity raucd j»n llie whole acre for th«ir murecoriect infoimatiou. Rules of competition, 1. In the seven connticii specihed the tjrsi priie of ^7 cannot be (rained bv a Um qiiiotity than 350 btiHliel.t, clean wht»ti the sccoml ol ^3, bv l^s.t tliaa S50; and third of £1 by If ss than 150 bushf h. But in the five conniu's the first prize may be gained by 200, the hecoud by ISO and the Ikiid by 100 bn^heU, clean wheat. t. Any farmer whatever, wiihin the lifflitt of the cannty, may cont»od foe these pris«s. BroDght forward, ^485 For raiiiDf die grealest quaDtitiet of Wheat in the five coontiei of Halifax Troper.ofLnnenburg.QneeusShelbaroeaDdofCape Bretoo ^u are >et apart 10 each, and to be divided alto into ihree priiei : For the fii»t ditto, ^5 » For the second ditto, 4 *'or the third ditto, 8—121. in all ^» For tha farther eucour«g.m„t of •• , wh«„ five |e„er,l pri.e. are offered fer the grcatett >]naDtiiiea lu the province : Fir«t, 9 S^coDd, 8 Third, 7 FoDrifa, 6 Fifth, 6 35i. ler eM«.ra|!»K the growth of PereoDial red clover «ed, five p.i.es are offered for the greatest qnaBtitiei raised io the province : First, jL 8 Serond, 7 Third, 6 Fourth, 6 Fifth, 4 Ml. Fo?enconragiDg the extended culture of Indian corn seven general priiei ar* keld out to the whole province : ^1« 9 First, Hacond, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sisth, Cevcoth, 8 7 « 5 10 4 1# COI. Forertcthig theirst flax aUI in any part of the province, a bovnty iaoffeied •f^ao. Incidental cxpentee, £^% Salary, gso AmoiutiBg in the whole (e ^looe lO*. < 8. All fompetWofs mnft, on or before tbe fir»t day of August atxl inform «k. ■earMt local wc.ei, ol ibe.r intention to put in a claim, fha h may a^S.. orj^eS':':.::' •" f "r^^'i p'*'^'^''' «"'• «" "^ "a-iaed «",o"2^ ;Zmi 4 ShVin *• "? »f'"-*»'J» ">»•'«"«'«>•-«»<; nun, ber of bnsbel. thrashed ticular judges : a,„i ,hey must all be ret.ir.auJ by the Ut of Februarv nJLt im •rder that ibe legwlature .u ,e...on may be apprUed of the re.ult," ^ ' *" , . , Uules of competition. I. Any fanner in Nova Scoiia may become a competitor. MceriaiiiHii i.v >)>» ;.. I. "'''"J '"«»»« or August, muftt be exammed ami Kx i:VuT«r;S::i;7rt' • *"' ""' *" "^"^^ ^'"'"*'' •• "'«^"'»» Kules of competition. 1. The seed miiM be of crop 1823, well savtd and fit for sowinr. a. Tl.e 4uanaty mu»t be proved by certificate, from the local focietie. 3. I-air and average samples mu»t be forwarded by ,h« claimaJufar .h. ,^, I \ ,^^ ^ * ^"''*' ""'"' •*" '"'*^<* *• '«"' 4»0 lb*.-:for the second S50f«r the third 2o0, to. tb. to... ,h 200. aud for ,h. Ust 150 lbs. clean mrkeubfe.^S Hules of competition. *«?.', .^"".t *'"' P' if cannot be w»n by a le« quantity than SOO bushel, shelled eorn ; .lie second, by less than ^50; the third by less tbau 200 • the foor.l h* le«s.ba...80; .1.. fifth by less than lOU; the sixth bj les" 1L' I^J .nd ^i ■< veiiib by le.-.H than l:iO bushf Is. ' ^ • ""*' "*• a. All farmer- in Nova Scotu may contend for them : only, a* in the case of tfc. «heat prues tormcr.y described, every competitor mn^t iif'm the nearest local s.ccty o. h,. .uieutiou by the tirst day of AuguM, tJut competent iXe. may be Hpt.om.ed to inspect the growing crop and aflerwardrasce ./u fb^ shelled corn ; and .nust also obtain a ceriifirate (rom the local secretarl nievi 0..S iob,.a(,,.|y.n« tor the „, ...ey at HP.IUax, and must have b /cuTm^J n! teu tiitberon or before the tirst February next. t'aus.nit. , _ Rules of competition. r ^ .V ^* **".? mast be approved of by the local society. ...f J f "" "'"?' ""^ ■ '''*"'"*'' bmWun, Mtnated o.. a ,tood stream of water 3. When the mach.nery is htted up and re/i.ly for motion, tbe cl,„„ai »..»» lostao.ly.i.io..,. the nearest local society, and call witho. d"Tuy ?"rn l! witnesses to ascertmu the date, as the bounty w,|l be adjudged u;.'.;/.:; co.npe.Uioi. : liut the money ,s not denuudable till a sam,.le of the k^ • Jd lax .. presented to the Hoard to, their ins,,eotion .nd aj^ Jval ' "* Remarks. •V 11'/ /"P"""^"."""' I'e « .«.„,i •titla*«mthem8i,ag,me.itoftbepnbUo service. "'"*' .j-i!.*!' V"' '?^'"'^"""'*' "''""•' ''•^"■*''>* "" cjiifine ihr local n.emtinh.'.f lltry .0 ,n< Ime) to ,lui. own membe.s : but aH .he otber j.nze. a?e Jen" .T.„J •iay be couteuded tor by eve.y termer ju ihe j-rovioce. g«"*««l, and JOHN VOUNG.socrela^. Halifn, April 10. 1883. S ia 3gKBr ' Mi 4d h ftcheme of encowTagemeut fot 182.^, Sobmitted bjr the Directors to theLegislature. For the 25 societies, 10 per cent, advance on the 8ura3 of last year,.. , »»»,jPVj For raising wheat in seven counties, thret prizes of 7/., 51. tfnd 31. in each, 105 For do do in 6ve counties three prizes of 5/., 41. and 3/. in e^ch, uO For do. do. five general prizes,. • 35 For curing and packing in barrels beef and pork,. 100 For raising perennial red clover seed,. .«.•..,.. ,50 For raising field pease, •• 25 o For raising Indian corn,.. .... • ........40 For the erecting of machines to shell Indian corn from the cob, ]9 q q For procuring the materials of a statistical account of the province,. ..•• 97 Q Q For encouraging the erection of Flax mills Keven prenuuiiis of !^/. each,. ........ ,c 140 For growing (he largest quantities ofilax five prizes, 31 For erecting (he first five oatmills in such coun(ie8 and districts where none at present exist, 12/. each,, .p. 60 For. incidental expenses, . . • , .qq q q For. salary, ,...^.. ,.,,.,.,,., 250 £1500 •A.. 'I 1 iiHiitiit^— ■» III* I'l-ii Mniiw, W4» >« '*m^^'w^mm^ :••'. : .» .1* V • • . . ^^^^^^^^ tJW • * ' - ^^^^ ,' . ^^^^H is. • fl