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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 I UA)' n: ^: ,.:^^tt Toronto Public Library. ift. Reference Depart ment, THIS BOOK MUST NOT BE TAKEN OUT OF THE ROOM, liP^f ^-^ -^ b *^k miiti' 1 'J,.;l.d,tt, 3, •"I"* THE POUT FOLIO, THIRD SERIIiS. CONDUfJl HI) J}Y OLIVKU OLDSCHOOL, ESQ Various; that the mind Of (Icsiiltory nuui, studious of change, And pieasi'd witli novelty, miy he induli^cd. COWPEII. VOL. VL OcnOIJEH, 1815. NO. IV. FOR THE TOUT FOLIO. NAVAL AND MILITARY CHRONICLE OF THE L N i f ED STATES. ■ ESTIMATE OF riUITISH TKOOrS IN UPPER CANADA. Notwithstanding the pomp and preparation of the wars, and the eclat of many of the battles, of Europe, we have always believed, and oftentimes asserted, that, for the number of men en- gaged in the service, tiie late contest between Great B>"itain and the United States was more active, vigorous, and sanguinary, and more strongly marked by deeds of heroic courage and despe- rate daring, than any other that has occurred in modern times. It was characterized, particularly on the part of the Am.ericans, by much of the chivalric spirit of former ages, accompanied by an unusual degree of skill in the instruments and means of human slaughter. The following statement, founded, as we believe, on authentic documents, taken in connexion with others that have heretofore appeared in this journal, furnishes ample testimo^iij' A the truth of these remarks in relation to that pov.tion of the v?ir which deluged in blood the Niagara frontier, in the summer of 1814. The campaign lasted but little more than two months, commen- cing on the night of the second of July, with the crossing o:' the Niagara river by the American forces, und terminating on the seventeenth of S<'pt<;mbc r, i>y their gloriou'i sortie from the lines VOL. VI. V u u m « ,! [ J \ 'i ' ■''-f'tfk'^ RBi -^ i 326 ESTIMATE OF BRITISH TROOPS of fort Erie. During by far the greater part of tlus time, so acuvc were the operations, that the sword and the bayonet but seldom found a day's repose in the scabbard, and the nfle, the musket and the cannon were in hourly use. Corresponding to this con- stancy of combat was the carnage which ensued. On th.s pomt yy. assert nothh^g positively, but express, without hesitat.cn, our firm belief, that the annals of iriodern warfare will be cxammcd m vain for an equal destruction of officers and soldiers, under similar circumstances, in so short a time, and in an army of such limited numbers. , „ Of the exact force of the command which general B.own led into Canada, we have no intelligence that can be deemed offi- cial. From information, however, which we believe to be cor- ct, we venture to say, that it amounted to less than Uuee thousand regulars, in two brigades, under the command of Scot a^ Ripley, and a few hundred militia, commandei by genera Porter. Numerically .peaking, it was certainly much inferior o 2 force of the enemy ; .nd yet. in four general and desperate engagements, it was four times successively victorious So dcx^ terous and deadly was it in the use of its arms, tha , on each occasion, the l^voc it made- among the foe was altoget er unpr - ccdented. Including the fall of their Indians and militia, there can be no doubt that the loss of the British was, m comparison .vith that sustained by the Americans, at least in the proportion . two to one. In fact, to every enlightened and candid observe, ol the progress of the war it must appear, we think, incontrovertibly obv-ious, that the army of the United States was rapidly acquiring over the enemv, the same ascendency which, in every mstance of conflict, marked the achievements of our gallant navy.-LDiTOH Estimate of nnti.h Uegular Troops in Upper Cana.la, July UU.. 1814. .ith a . , view of their distribution. Ai-fihi' Niagara, George, and Erie, and at Chippewa and Que^i^ion: '.'i^ ^^^ 8th, . 350 . •. 41st, • . •• • • •'. , .•/• 600 .••,jooth, . .;;-.• ^— —>^ ''ifeal Scots:.. •- • • .850 Dee jy i»ji r .::L i/im^:^-^^' - '*m;\ IN UPPER CANADA. 337 Brought forward, 2,350 At Burlington Heights und York: 103d, . . . t 800 At Kingston: Right wing of the Dewalteviiics, 700 Glcngarys, 500 Canadian Fenciblcs, 400 104th, .... 550 Stjuadron of Dragoons, . 100 Royal Artillery, 150 2.400 At Prcscoll: 89th, .... 500 Uoyal Artillery, . 50 ^f-'CgiN 550 Aggregate rank and file, 6,100 I do not estimate the total effectives i'lt. ior the field at more than ...... 5,000 Between ;'ie 1st of July and the loth September, the following regiments arrived in Upper Canada. 1 estimate them at their supposed effective strength: Left wing of the Dcvvattevillcs in the early part of July, . . . . • 550 oth and 82d early part of August, . 1,250 97th middle of August, . . .- 557 90th and 37th last of August, . . 1>500 Newfoundland Fencibles, . ^^ ■ 350 Towards the close of August and beginning of Sep- tember, the 16th, 26th and 57th arrived, and were stationed at Johnstown, Prescott and Brockville, where they still remain, . . • 1,500 Say total effectives, Non-efi'ectives, Aggregate rank and file, . 10,7U7 1,100 11,807 '■a n ! \ I I I' i'-i \ 328 ESTIMATE OF BRITISH TROOPS Brought forward, . . . 11,807 From the above deduct for the enemy's total loss in the various contests with the 2d division, and by desertion and sickness. . . 3,900 The remains of the 8th, 41st and lOOth regi- ments sent to the lower province for winter (piarters, . . . , . 600 4,500 Rank and file Dec. I5th, 1814, 7,307 Distribution of the British Rt-jjular Force in Upper Ciinada December 15tli^ 1814. Johnstown, Prescott and Brockville: 16th, 26th and 5 7tli, . . . 1,450 Royal Artillery, . . . . 50 Kingston: Canadian Fencibles, . . . 400 Newfoundland Fencibles, . . . 350 Battalion companies of 104th, . . 350 Royal Artillery, . . . . .150 Remains of the old regiments of the province, excepting the 8th, 41st and 100th, . 1,457 ■1,50(1 ^2,707 Upon the Niagai'a frontier: 6th and 8 2d, 97th, 90th and 3 7th, Royal Artillery, 1,000 500 1,500 100 3,100 Rank and file, . . . 7,307 Estimate of Uie British Regular Troops opposed to the Second Division. Major general Riall's command upon the Niagara, at York and Burlington, July 13th, 1814: 8th, . . . , . 400 41st, . * . . . .350 — 750 IC Hi K( IC Of tlii men upori Licuti following I 89 fi Fl Sc The V ted near F( July, exce and on the From at Forts G( And J engaged ir Loss ( DruiT 1814, July i ivitig, HOG mtatmmr^jei .. .Esiteagak IP IN UPPKR CANADA Brought forward, 100th, . Koyal Scots, Koyal Artillery, I03d, Of this force he brought at least eighteen hundred men upon the plains of Chippewa. Lieutenant-general Di-ummond arrived with Die following reinforcements July 24th: «^t''' • .... 500 Glengarys, • . . . 5OO Flank companies of the 104th, filled up to 100 men each, . . , 200 Squadron of Dragoons, . . 100 I The whole of the above force for duty was concentra- ted near Fort George during the day and night of the 24th July, excepting, say seven hundred men, lost at Fcrt Eric and on the plains of Cluppcwa, . . . 70Q From which deduct for those left sick and in garrison at Forts George and Niagara, . . . sqq And you have an effective force of engaged in the battle of Niagara, Loss of the enemy July 25th, Drummond's regular force fit for the field July 26th, 1814, July 29th, the regiment Detoatteville, right and left "Wing, 1 100 strong, Joined JDrummond, . , i iqo 3,550 mm wm^ \ ij, f-. 330 ESTIMATE Ol BRITISH TROOPS Brought lorwavtl J/ter the arrival of (hi. rein/orcrwerU the e.^cmy niovcd slowly and cautiously upon Tort Enc. 1 he 15th Au^n.st, in attempting to carry that place by assault, he lost not less than twelve hundred men. In his oft-cml report of that aflair, he acknowledges ..e loss of 905 men, exclusive of the regiment DewatteviUe, and we have good reason to believe that this regiment alone did not lose less than three hundred, • • ' ' * 3,550 1,200 2,35(1 Towards the last of August Drunimon.l was rein- ^ forced by the 6th and 82d, • • i-^ In the early part of September by the 97th, 57 ■ 1,807 4,157 September mh sortie. The encn»y did not lose less ^ ^^^ in killed, wounded and prisoners than ■ • ^ 3,157 On the 21st September Drummond retreated with his re- maining force, say three thousand one hundred men, to his field- works 'on the east bank of the Chippewa, keeping out a hght party at Black creek to watch the movements of the An.encan army. . ^^ r. Lieutenant-general Drun.mond's regular force fit for the field September 22d, 1814, say . • • "^'"^ Sick and in garrison, exclusive of wounded, . 500 3,500 Ridl's force July 1st, Reinforcements with Drummond July 24th, Regiment DewatteviUe July 29th, 6th, 82d and 97th, 3,350 1,300 1,100 1,807 The enemy's loss by desertion was very considerable. He must also have lost many men by the fii-e of our batte- ties, in affairs of pickets, and in the attack upon Buffaioe. -7,557 These by sickness recovery ol give his lo^ To Fa As So Force remj In this count is tal • From of credit, thi staled .it Jive much exiiggt IN UPPER CANADA. 331 7,557 Brou}!;ht forward, . . . These various losses, together with those occasioned by sickness, must, I think, be equal to his gain by the recovery of wounded men. This view of the subject will give his loss as follows: Fort Eric and Chippewa, . . 700 Falls of Niagara, .... 1,000 Assault upon Fort Eric, . . 1,200 Sortie, ..... 1,000 • 3,900 Force remaining upon the Niagara frontier Sept. 22, 1814, 3,657 In this statement it is to be understood always, that no ac- count is taken of militia or Indians in the British service. • From another document in our possession, entitled to no small dcjjree of credit, the loss of the enemy, including thut of Indians and militii, is staled at /re thousand— Hot are we inclined to believe tliat tlie estimate is much exaggerated. i 1 t if 8t^ 1 1 ! ir ^x 1 E If ^, .- 3! Ill I ft r 1 a S 1:5 il '4 ■4 G.* v; 'Vi .-xr^_ c, 6 ■ T ■k "C ll 1"K>X l^'t-JfJ 09 » ''rt 10 '1 ''1 1 r- *« •-c ' " _ T c '"* JK.l^si.ld >^ ildjssijy; « ^^ <"! 00 'O ,t" i 25 1 lA A 1 . . • • * :-4 1 c^ T* '■i '.-^ '7\ 'C 1 "' o •P.AI 13 |i,|I^ |,5lOJ^ 1^ 1. ro "* C-* "5 54 1 O) •« c» IV. •t ^s popunoAV -oj^SSy 1. 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