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Maps, plataa. charts, ate., may ba fllmad at diffarant raductlon ratloa. Thoaa too iarga to ba antiraiy Includad In ona axpoaura ara fllmad baglnning In tha upftar iaft hand corner, laft to right and top to bottom, aa many framas as raqulrad. This following diagrams iliustrata tha mathod: Laa cartas, planchas, tabiaaux, ate, pauvant Atra filmic i das taux da rAduction diff Arants. Lorsqua ia document ast trop grand pour Atra raproduit an un saul cllcliA, il ast f limA A partir da I'angia supAriaur gaucha. da gaucha A drolta, at da haut an baa, an pranant la nombra d'Imagas nAcassalra. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant ia mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 A 4 6 6 1 1 ■ SELECT TRACTS "^ ' BBLAmra to vhb CIVIL WARS IN ENGLAND, - . ■ ' ■ •,-'■ ■'''■' ^' ' ' ;f'- ^ W THE BEICW OV ' ^ * ' ^ c ■■,''■ ■ 1U:^G QHABJ^BS THE n^ / . «*• ♦ *■; . SELE( r TRACTS SBLATINa TO THE -■» •I » CIVIL WARS IN ENGLAND, " ■ - ■ - ^ .- v ^ '■■."'■',■"' ^ IW THE REIGN OF • KIIfG CHARLES THE FIRST: ' BT WRITERS WHO LIVED IN THE TIME OF THOSE WARS, AND WERE WITNESSES OF THE EVENTS WHICH THEV DESCRIBE. IN TWO PARTS. PART I. \\ LONDON: HIKTEDBTR.WUW, 89, CHAHClBT-lAKt; AND SOLD BY R. BlCKE RSTAFF. ESSEX-STREET, SWAKD, 1815. .i^^*' *-'ji • «»«. '•^ .. liA4'io,M3 Vl il > (. w o '\ sidei periJ struf of E Lon^ 1.640 to g« Jbjoj Parlij togetl: shouU Housi lathe be m; 8ny n their gislati 9II th( the cr ward hadu; maxir Th King • / '*'., / > 'Wit "^ * t •9* W C^ .•'' • ■f*- THE PREFACE. This part of the History of England ia generally con, sidered s^ more interesting than that of any preceding period of it, because it contains an account of the grand struggle between King Charles the First and the people of England, (acting under the direction pf the famous Long Parliament that met on the 3d of November, 1.640,) to determine, ** Whether he should be permitted to govern them by his ,sole will and pleasure, as an I Absolute Monarch, and without the assistance of a Parliament, (as he had done very lately for ten years together, before the Civil War began j) pr whether he should be compelled to consent to admit the two Houses of Parliament to a participation of the Legis- lative authority with him, so that no new Lawcoul4 be made, nor any old one be repealed or altered ; nor any new Tax be imposed upon the People; withoit their joint consent : to which participation of the L'k- gislative Power with the two Houses of Parliament, all the kings pf England, his predecessors, ever since the creation of the House of Commons by King Ed- ward the First, in the 23d year of his reign, A.D. 1295, had uniformly consented, as to a known and established maxim oft Government.'* This was the real si^ject of the dispute between King Charles and l^ii Parliament : fpr» is \q the £^stow upon it ; irsuit, to read lowing books i ry of the Civil tnd Rebellion^ volume, folio ; *s Campaigns ; Independency ; ' volumes, duO' oIumes,/o//o; volume, thin d, and many tst and many course of the vihlm^ which was was said to be written by King Charles the 1st, during his imprisonment in the Isle of Wight ; but was afterwards clearly discovered to have been written by Dr, Gauden, a clergyman of the Church of England, who was, after the restoration of King Charles the Second, made Bishop of Exeter ; , llthly, Milton's admirable Tract in answet to it, < called Iconoclastes 'y -r-^,^- , 12thly, The Latin Tract of SalmasiuSf or Monsieur ? SaumaisCf written against the proceedings of the '. ■ Parliament's Army, in putting King Charles the First to death, in opposition to the declared . will of the House of Lords, and of * a great ma-' jority of the House of Commons, intitied Clamor Regit Sanguinis ad Caelum, adversi^s Part icidat ■ ■■- ^*^ Anglos ; and Milton's answer to it, written also in Latin, and intitied Defensio fro Populo yingU- cano\ 1 Sthly, Mr. Harris's very copious and exact Ac- counts of the Lives of King Charles the Isr, and of Oliver Cromwell, in two volumes octavo ; And, 14thly,aU the volumes of the Parliamentary His- tory of England, (which are ]5,) that relate to the reign of King Charles the Ist« and to the subsequent changes of Government until the restoration of the Monarchy under King Charles the Second. '**t * And, besides all the books already mentioned, it would be necessary for him to peruse many other me- a4 moirs ■-m .X \ -■■

selves with reading the history of these important trans- actions in some few of the many books above alluded to, which they shall conceive to be most likely to give them true iaformation. - i . : .. *!,;•;• » ' ' - Now 1 bed on both of time be* Charles the on of King itten by per- ctions of the 1 themselves , * se of Inquiry story, is not iture of the ersons, even good deal of le design of istory of this led, with its year 1625, cign, to the was restored i •■,■ . jupported by :ts contained le present to |t persons in tnd of read- intent them- irtant trans- alluded to, give them Now ,/■ PREFACE jk. Now it is for the accommodation of this last set of readers, who are desirous of knowing the history of this important contest between King Charles the First and his Parliament, ** concerning the just limits of the royal authority in the English Government," from the testi- mony of contemporary writers of eminence, who saw the actions which they relate, and sometimes were themselves concerned in performing them, that I have caused the following set of Tracts of only a moderate length, which are now grown very scarce^ to be here re- printed. The first of these Tracts was written by Mr. Thomas May, the celebrated translator of Lucan's fine Poem, intitled Pharsalia, into English verse, and who was likewise the author of an excellent History of the fa- mous Long Parliament of England, (that began in November J 640,) during the first three years of it, to the month of September 1643, which I caused to be re-printed about three years ago. The present Tract was published for the first time in the year 1 650, about a year after the death of King Charles the First, and a very little time before the death of the author Mr. Thomas May himself. And a second Edition of it was published in the year 1 635, about five years after the former edition, and after the author's death, under this title : A Breviary of the History of the Parliament of England, Expressed in three parts : ]«/, The Cauttet and Beginnings of the Civil War in England ; 'idly, A short mention of the Progress of that Civil War; 3dly, A compendious Relation of the Original and V. V..- >^ . Progress Of the first Tract here re-printed. %•. PREFACE. H! Progress of the second Civil War, First written in La/int, and after done into English. 5y THOMAS MAY, Esq. The Second Edition, London ; Printed by JoH^ Cottket, for Thomai •^ Brzw«tbr, at the Three Bibles, near the ffest^end of Paul's, 1655, And it is from this second Edition that it is here " i^' re-printed. ' It is a short, but very clear, narrative of the principal events of the two contests of the King j first, with his ikottish subjects, from the year 1637 to the year I640j . . and afterwards with his English Subjects, to the end of the year 1648, and to the King's trial and execution in ', the month of January in the year 1648-49, by the vio- lence of the Army, and in opposition to the resolutions of the whole House of Lords, and to those of a great majority of the House of Commons ; but without giving an account of those proceedings against the King, after the Army had ta\en him by force out of the custody of the Parliament in the Isle of Wight. This Breviary therefore contains a short, but very clear, and, as I con- ceive, judicious and impartial account of "^the contests between King Charles and his Scottivsh and English Subjects, from the year 1637 to the breaking off the * treaty of Peace carried on between the King and the Parliament, in the Isle ot Wight, in November 1648. It takes up only '216 pages in a small volume in duode* * c/mo, and I'xS pages of the present volume i« oclovo, or the second Tract. The second Tract in the present volume is intitled^ Several Obseryatious on the L\fe and Death of Charles^ late it written tn for Thomai the IVest^end that it is here f the principal first, with his le year 1 640 ; to the end of 1 execution in )i by the vio- le resolutions )sc of a great without giving e King, after e custody of his Breviary nd, as I con- the contest! and English king off the ing and the mber 1648. lie in duodem n octavo, is intitled<«i 'i o/CharleSf iate PREFACE. x! « late King of England. By William Lilly ^ Student of Astrology* Published for the first time in Jufy, 1651, My observations on this Tract will be found in a short preface prefixed to it, in pages 131, 132—135. This Tract extends from page 137 to page 182. The third Tract in this volume is intltled, Memoirs of Of the third Tract. Denzil Lord Holies^ Baron of Jfield in Sussex. From the year 1641 to the year 1648. First printed in the year 1699. n These Memoirs relate to the first civil war between the king and the Parliament, which begun in the year 1642, and ended with the delivery of the king's person into , »•' the custody of the Parliament's commissioners in Fe« bruary 1646—47, and the return of the auxiliary army ■ of Scots, that had contributed to the success of the Parliament's cause, into their own country ^ and to the violent civil dissentions between the two poweiful parties of Presbyterians and Independanfs, which broke out immediately after in the Parliament itself, and pre* .\ vented the nation from enjoying the expected fruits of their victories, by a return of peace and plenty. But they do not extend to the events of the second civil war, '^ which begun in April 1648, and, by the great successes of Oliver Cromwell in Wales, Lancashire, and Scot- ^_ land, and those of Lord Fairfax in Kent and Essex, was completely ended before the beginning of the fol- • "** lowing month of November. For the two latest pub- Uck proceeding! that Lord Holies mentions in these Memoirs are, 1st, the Votes of both Houses of Par- '^ liament, '* To make no more Addresses to the King," after he had refused to give his assent to four Bills, . tf which xU PREFACE. "•'•fiM which they had considered as necessary preliminary articles to be consented to by him, before they could safely enter into a further treaty with him for his restora- tion to the exercise of the Royal Authority ; which vote was passed on the 1 5th of January, 1647 — 48; and, 2nd]y, a Vote of the House of Commons for publish- ing a Declaration, containing an enumeration of all the publick crimes and offences against the Rights and li- berties of his Subjects, that the King had been guilty of from the very beginning of his reign ; which vote had passed on the 1 1th day of February, or about two months before the beginning of the second civil war. Lord Holies, or rather Mr. Denzil Holies, (as he was called in the time of the Civil War,) was a very eminent Leader of the Presbyterian or Monarchical party in the House of Commons, and was one of the eleven distinguished members .of that party who were impeached by the Army on the 24th of August, 1647, and compelled to abandon their seats there ; after which Mr. Holies and several others of them went over to France and other parts beyond sea; and Mr. HoUei went to Saint Mere Eglide in Normandy, where he resided several years, and wrote his Memoirs. See the Parliamentary History of England, Vol. XVI. p. 275. As to the merits of these Memoirs, they are written with great perspicuity, and in a very vigorous and ani- mated style, and exhibit just notions of English Liberty, and a zealous attachment to the principles of it, as it had existed in good reigns before his time, and has existed since the Revolution in the year 1688. under our Li- mited Monarchy, in which the two Houses of Parlia- ' ^ - ment I *• / PREFACE.' Bltt ry preliminaiy 3re they could for his resfora- ty ; which vote *7— -48; and, is for publish- tion of all the lights and li- been guilty of hich vote had r about two i civil war. Holies, (as ,) was a very Monarchical IS one of the ty who were ugust, 1647, after which vent over to Mr. Holle* where he Seethe . p. 275. are written us and ani- ish Liberty, K» as it had has existed ier our Li- of Parlia- ment rs. ment are partakers with the Crown in the exercise of the Legislative Authority. For farther remarks on these Memoirs, or (as he himself intitles .hem in page 191,) this Memorial, of Denzil Lord Holies, I refer the reader to the Preface prefixed to it by the publisher of the first edition of it in the year 1699, which will here be found in pages 1 87 and 1 88. And here I will venture to mention an observation that has occurred to me on reading Lord HoUes's charge against Lieutenant-General Cromwell, that he had shewn a want of personal cnurage in the great battle of Mars- ton Moor, in not leading on the body of horse of the Farl of Manchester's brigade to charge the ene- my; which was afterwards done by Major'General Crawford, and contributed greatly to the victory there obtained. The story is told in page 199 of this edition of these Select Tracts. ''/Now, supposing all the facts re- lated in it to be true, is it not very possible that the wound, or burn, which Cromwell had received in hit neck, by the accidental going off, behind him, of one of his soldiers pistols, might so stun him and make him dizzy and weak for a few minutes, perhaps five or sic minutes, as to render him incapable of leading on a body of horse to an attack upon the horse of an enemy ? This, I confess, appears to me not only possible, but very probable, aud much more probable than that a man who had given so many proofs of great personal courage on other occasions, should shew a want of it in this. And, as to his following General Crawford's advice of retiring to his tent with a soldier, and permitting Craw- ford to take his place, and lead on the horse of that brigade »•• yf cr'f»^>A-v XiV PREFACE. m I ' brigade to charge the enemy without delay, that con- duct certainly was meritorious in him ; because the opportunities of gaining advantages in battles are often . momentary, and, if they are not seized at once when they occur, are lost for ever. And thus it seems rear sonable to conclude, that Cromwell, on this occasion, by permitting Crawford to take his place without delay, and lead on the horse of that brigade to charge that of the enemy, contributed greatly to the gaining of that important victory. Of the fourth Tract. The fourth Tract in this volume is intitled, The Mys* tery of the two JuntoeSf Presbyterian and Independant j ^ , , being the first book, or part, of a much larger work pub- lished in a quarto volume in the year 1648, about tiie month of December, and a little before the trial of King Charles the First, under the fictitious name of Theodorus ' Ferajf, and of which the second and much larger book, or part, U intitled, The History of Independancy. They were written by Clement IValker, Esquire, who was a , member of the famous Long Parliament that began in November, 1640, and they were published a second \ij time under the author's real name, soon after the resto- ration of King Charles the Second, in the year 1660.— -' The general thle of the whole volume is as follows : ** Relations and ObiervationSf Historical and Politick, upon theParliament that began anno Domini 164^. Di- vided into two Books :Jirst, Tlie Mystery of the Juntoes, Presbyterian and Independunt ; secondly ^ The History of Independancy, ^c. Together with an ^Appendix, touching the proceedings of the Jndependant Factirm in Scotland* Sc\ fori PREFACE. X9 ihy, that con* ) because the utles are often at once when it seems rear this occasion, i/vithout delay, :harge that of lining of that ed, The Mys' (ndependant j ;er work pub- 48, about the * trial of King pf Theodorus larger book, dancy. They who was a hat began in ed a second ler the resto- |ear 1660. — as follows : d Politick, 640. DU ■he Juntoest 'he History ^Appendix, Factixm in Scotland* Scotland. By Clernent Walker, Esquire-,*' as is set forth in page S31 of this volume. The author of this work, Mr. Clement Walker, who was a member of this famous Long Parliament, was of the same party as Mr. Denzil Holies, which was called the Pres- byterian party, but which might, with almost equal pro- priety, have been denominated the Monarchical party, because they were anxious to preserve the antient and well known form of Government, by a King and Two Houses of Parliament, (Under which they and their ances* tors had lived for some centuries past,) after they had freed it from the late corrupt and oppressive innovations that had been introduced into it by King Charles during the ten years in which he had presumed to govern with- out a Parlihment ; and they hoped that the great suc- cess which had lately attended their armi^ under the commandof their brave and indefatigable General, Sir Thomas Fairfax, (by which all the King's armies had beeu conquered and disbanded, and the King himself was become their prisoner,) would produce such a treaty with the King, for restoring him to the exercise of his royal Authority, as (by the just and reasonable restrictions - and provisions that would be agreed to in it by the King) might remove all apprehension of his ever again attempting to renew his former endeavours to destroy the authority of his Parliament. For this was the view and design of this party, called the Presbyterian, in both Houses of Parliament, much more than to abolish the Episcopal form of Government of the Church of £ngland, and introduce the Presbyterian mode of Church Qovcrnment (by Synods and Aesembliea of Presbyters, Of the Prenbyteiian Party in the House of Commoni. \ %■ XVI PREFACE. m Of the fh or Ministers of the Gospel, all of equal rank, iq the manner recommended by Calvin) in its stead ; though this also was thought by many of them to be a prudent and adviseable measure at that time, in order to produce an uniformity in the Governments of the two Churches [^"^ of England and Scotland, in the latter of which king-^ doms the king had lately; in the month of August, 1 64 1 , . , given his Assent to an Act of Parliament for establishing \^.y the Presbyterian form of Church Government. And ,' they also thought that they were bound to adopt this mea- sure by virtue of a certain clause in the Covenant which the Parliament of England had entered into with the Parliament of Scotland, in the year 1 643, to induce them to send an army from Scotland.to assist the English Par- liament in their contest with the King ; which army was accordingly sent, and contributed greatly to the success of the Parliament's Army in the great battle of Marston- Moor, and did great service to their cause on various other occasions. ..i^im^m' « Such were the sentiments of the Presbyterian, or Monarchical party in the House of Commons, to which both Mr. Denzil Holies and Mr. Clement 'Walker be- longed, and of which the former was a most distinguished indcpendanti. Leader. Arid their opponents were the Jndependants ; who were so called from their holding an opinion con- cerning Church Government different both from that of the Episcopalians, or Church of England-men, and from that of the Scotch Presbyterians j which was, '*that the se^ veral Congregations of Christians that meet together in a church, or meeting-houie, to join in the worshipOf the Supreme Being, ought not to be governed either by anj • Tfl.w^ Superiour t*ilEFAC^. tvii rank, ii| the ead; though > be a prudent ler to produce two Churches : which king* August, 1641, or establishing rnment. And tdopt this mea- Qvenant which 1 into with the o induce them e English Par- hich army was to the success le of Marsion- se on various teshyterian, or kons, to which It ^Valker be- : distinguished \ndependants ; opinion con- from that of lien, and from **that the se^ together in a lorship-Of the ]either by any Superiour SiiperiourCiergymeh, called Bishops^ (as in the Church of / England), or by any Synods,or A 88emblie8> of Presbyters, or Ministers of the Gospel, all equiil in rank, (as in th^ ^ Church of Scotland, by the Act of the Parliament of Scdt- land, passed by King Charles in the year 1641,) but by themselves alone, according to such rules and conditions as the members of every such Christian Society, and the Pastor, or Minister,whom they should employ to read their prayers aloud in their place of woi^hlp, and tO preach to ■ % ' them, or otherwiise officiate to them, should agree to esta- ' ^ blish. And from this opinion of the absolute in(ie/;m(/enc^ v^ of every Christian Chutchi or Assembly, on every other such Assembly, the Christians of this way of thinking vaere called Independents. But the number of Members in ' the House of Commons who adopted this way of think- ing, was but small ; and, I conjecture, did not amount ^ to more than 30, out of the whole number of Members who attended the House in the month of December, 1648, or a little before the trial of King Charles, which appears by the Parliamentary History of England, vol. kviii, page 447, to have been above 340. But, though the number of these Indepindenis In the I House of Commons was but small, .hey were very nu- jmerousin the Parliament's Army; and many of them Manyoftheinde. had also embraced an opinion concerning Civil Govern- inci.nod toa re,>ub [ment, which was of a much more important and danger- Qovcrntnent" ^'^'' 3Us tendency to the Peace and quiet Settlement of the lation, than the former opinion concerning the Indepen- lency of every separate Society of Christians assembled together for the purposes of publick, worship : namely, '* that the Liberty of the People of England could never ^ b In . Xfiii PREFACE. be established on a sure and permanent foundation, but by abolishing the office of King, and changing thef(M«x of the government into a Commontbealth or Republick, in which the people should be governed by Magistrates chosen by themselves from time to time, and thereby Wought under a necessity of promoting the welfare and ^ hapj^ncss of the people in order to be re-elected by t^em, at the appoin^d seasons, into the high stations they possessed." This opinion prevailed very much among the officers, and even among the private soldiers, of the Parliaments army, after t|iey had entirely subdued thd king's, armies, and made the king himself a pri- soner, about the month of May, 1 647. Of this opinion was Colonel Rainsborough, an officer of great influence in the Army ; and Colonel Overton ; and Colonel Okey, a very brave, upright, and conscientious man; and Major-General Harrison ; and Colonel Edmund Lud- loW) a very brave and upright man, and likewise a man of a large hereditary landed estate in Wiltshire, and one of the very few persons of that condition in life who embraced these republican principles. This opinion had also been adopted by some of the Members of the House of Common? : but their number was but small ; I should conjecture, not more than 40 members out of the 34o that attended the House at that time. But these, being supported by the great number of Officers of the army, (and even of the private soldiers of it who were of ^ bustling and ambitious dispQsition,J that had em- braced this new opinion, were sufficient to spread an alam^ an^ongst the Presbyferiarif or Monarchical, Mem- bers of both Houses, that the antlent and welKI^nowa form PREFAOH. xii fdfi^ of Government under a Limited Monarchy, by a King and Parliam^t conjointly, f to which they were mtich attached,^ might now be suddenly changed, by thre^ new and armed Politicians, into a Commonwealth, Of RepubHck, of some sort or other, which they did ndt . understand, and which might lead them into fresh con- fusions. Such w^ the state of the Presbyterian and Inde- pindent Tatties, or of the Monarchical and Republican Pardes, In t)iigland, about the month of April, l647, when the Scottish army w4s returned to Scotland, and the Iting was a Prisoner at Holdenhy Castle, under the care of Commissioners appointed by the Parliament. And Oliver Cromwell was at this time a Lieutenant- Of the condition of Genei^ of the Army; in which he had a prodigious ab'ut April* a.d, degree of Interest With the soldiery, both as a great and successful Cocnnlander, and as a fkmiliai' companion and friend to them,and especiallyto those who had a religious and enthustastick turn of mind, amongst whom he used often to preach and pray, and inculcate the opinions of the Independent Party, of which he was considered as the Head. And he was also a very leading member of the House of Commons, where he was a powerful opposei* of the Presbyterian Party of Mr. Denzil Holies, and Mr. Clement Walker, and theif fHends. He did not, how- ever, at this time eXcite the Army to depose the King, or to put him to death, and change the Monarchy into a Commonweahh ; nor does it seem probable, that he wished thectl then to do so. But he encouraged a party of them to go by night arid surround Holdenby Castle, fwher^ thfe King then resided under the custody b2 of XX PREFACE. of the Commissioners appointed by the Parliament J and take him by force out of that custody, and bring him to some place within the district then occupied as the quarters of the army. And this was done accor(^ingly, on the 4th of Junej 1647, by Comet Joyce, at the head of a body of horse of the Parliament's Army, without any written order of Sir Thomas Fairfax, the General^ or even of Lieutenant-General Cromwell, ^the suggester of the measure,)or any officer whatsoever. . As to Sir Thomas Fair^x, he was so far from having given orders for this violent measure, that he was extremely offended when he heard of it, and immedi* ately gave orders to Colonel Whalley to go with two regiments of horse to meet the party of soldiers who were conducting the King from Holdenby, and to conduct him back thither, if he so desired, but not to use any force against him : and Colonel Whalley accord-' ingly went, thus accompanied, to meet the King, and met him at only three or four miles distance from Holdenby. But the King, though he had quitted Holdenby casthe against his will, yet now refused to go back to it, and chose rather to go-on to the district where the army was quartered ; having probably been seduced by Comet Joyce and his companions with assurances th?t the army would restore him to the exercise of the Royal Autho- rity upon easier terms than would be granted him by the Parliament. For at this time it seems to have been the object of Cromwell's ambition, — ^not to depose the . King, or put him to death, and change the Govemment from a Monarchy mto a Commonwealth, — but to be a principal agent, by his great interest with the army, in restoring '¥ PREFACE. xsl .1 restoring him to the exercise of his royal authority upon easier terms than the Parliament were willing to grant him, and particularly by not insisting upon the abolition of the Episcopal Government of the Church of Eng- land ; which was a condition to which the King was exceedingly unwilling to agree, though he had consented to the like condition with respect to Scotland in the year l641. And he hoped, if he caused the King to bs restored to the exercise of his authority upon these easier terms than the Parliament had hitherto proposed to him, to be amply rewarded by his Majesty for jo signal a service. One of the reports that were spread- about in the Army at this time concerning the reward which Cromwell was supposed to expect for such a service, was, " that the King would create him Earl of Essex (in lieu of the Earl of Essex who had been the first General of the Parliament's army, and who was lately dead^, and would also make him Captain of his Guard." And very moderate proposals were accord-, ingly drawn.up by Commissary>General Ireton, to be made to the King by the two Councils by which the army was then governed, namely, the Council of Officers and the Council of Agitators : and these pro- posals were laid before the said Councils, and approved- of by them, and were afterwards laid before the King by the principal Officers of the army, for his acceptance, on the 2nd of August, 16t7. But, unhappily, they were then rejected by the King with great haughtiness and disdain. ^ ,.,,: ,, This tract of Mr. Clement Walker, together with the second and much larger tract, called the Hiuqry of In.' dependency y were published by him a second time, under bS hi \ . F>4i PREFACE. Of the Memoirs of Sir John bcrklev. his real name, very soon after the restoration of King Charles the Hd, in the year 1660, -^f The next, or fifth tract in this collection, is the Me* moirs of Sir John Berkley, who had been an officer in * the king's service in the late Civil War, and had been Governour of the city of Exeter for the king, but had been obliged to surrender it to the all-conquering General of the Parliament's Armies, Sir Thomas Fairfax, in April 164G. It is written in a very clear and easy style, and sv ith a great appearance of truth and sincerity, and an earnest desire of contributing to the restoration of the blessings of peace to his country, by means of a ; treaty n ith the Army for that purpose, which wa^ thought liktly to be obtained by means of the recom- mendation of it by I he Army to the Parliament j the leading officers of the Army, and more especially Lieuienant'General Cromwell, and his son-in-law, Commii.tiary -General Ireton, h.ving intimated to the king's friends that the Army would be glad to enter into a treaty of that kind with the king. The state of the Army at this time seems to have been as follows :— f.r n . . r ., Many of the officers of it, and even of the common A\iny ill A|)iil ia»7. Srtldiers, had embractd the opinions of the Independents Willi re.vpcct to Church-Goven ment, and thought that eveiy separate Society of Christians, who met-together for J iii)Iick worship, ought to be independent of every other t,uch Society, and to be governed by their own rules and establishments alone, without any subjection , either to priests ot a higher order than the rest, called Bi^hup , as in the Clii.rch of England, or to Synods and Naiional Assemblies of Friests, or Presbyrers, or Minii- teru of the Cop])el, that were all of equal rank, as in the Church PREFACE xxiii the Church of Scotland. And most of them, soon after their compleat success over the king's armies and garrisons in England, in the year 1646, and the return of the auxiliary Scots army into Scotland in February 1646-47> had also entertained a wish to abolish the monarchical Government of England, and convert it into a Com- monwealth, or Republick ; to which they were probably much encouraged by the flourishing state to which they saw the Dutch nation, or the Seven United Provinces in I the Netherlands, had been advanced by their noble I resistance to the cruel and tyrannical government of theit late Sovereign, Philip the lid. King of Spain, from which they had emancipated themselves, and had been governed, for the last thirty or forty years, by magistrates of their own choice, under the form and name of a Commonwealth or Republick. However this inclination of the Soldiery and the inferiour Officers of the Army, (from whatsoever causes it may have arisen, ) to abolish the old form of monarchical Government in England, by a king and two houses of Parliament, and to convert it into a Republick, was so contrary to the opinions of a very great majority of the House of Commons, and almost the whole House of Lords, as well as of the very numerous part of the people which had supported the king's cause in the late Civil War, that Lieutenant*General Cromwell, and, his able associate, Commissary.Gcneral Ireton, and a majority of the Council of war, or superiour Council of the army, (consisting of officers only, without any /4gi' tators, or members chosen by the common Soldiers of the Army,) were inclined to give-up the design of abo- lishing the monarchical form of Government, and changing it into a Commonwealth or Reputlttk, and, instead of that violent and diflScult measure, to b 4 make ?x»v PREFACE. inake reasonable proposals to the'king for his restoration to the exercise of the Royal authority,after he should hay^ consented to such conditions as would put it out of his power to renew his former attempts against the rights and liberties of his subjects. And this superiour Coun- cil of the Army, consisting of officers only, and who acted under the direction of Cromwell and Ireton, had at this time (July 1647) such influence Qver the infe- riour Council of the Army, consisting of the .Agitator Sf as to persuade them to givp-up their first design of esta- blishing a Commonwealth, and to consent to this mea. sure of proposing reasonable terms to the king fcr his being restored to the exercise of his royal authority. This measure of the Army was certainly an irregular and unjustifiable act, being an assumption of the power that belonged only to the Parliament itself, under whose authority, and by whose direction, they were bound to act. But this is the only objection to it ; for the pro- posals themselves seem to have been vefy moderate and reasonable, and such as the king himself (if he had no( been one of the most untractable and injudicious men that ever lived) mijst have, cheerfully consented-to. • They were drawn-up by Commissary-General Ireton, and were agreed-to by both the Councils of the Army, who were at that time eagerly desirous that they should be laid before the king, and agreed-to -by him. And Sir John Berkley, in these Memoirs, mentions the prin- cipal articles of them, and his conversations with Ireton upon them, and Ireton's judicious remarks upon them, and Cromwell's eager desire to have them laid before the king and agreed-to by him. He tells us likewise that he did lay them before the king for his private pe- fusal, about six or eight days beiorc they were oflbred to \ ••^V. PREFACE. XX? ••^Vw- to him in publick, that is, about the 25th of July, 1647;- and that the king was much displeased with them, not- \irithstanding all the observations that Sir John Berkeley oiFered in defence of them. And afterwards, when the pro^ posals were offered to him in publick by the chief officers of the Army* on the 2d of August, i 647,hc rejected them vith haughtiness and in terms of reproach, to the great surprize and vexation'cf Sir John Berkley, and to the I amazement and d^^gust of the Army. This harsh re- fusal of the king«caused many of the Agitators of the Army (who had been, some time before, inclined to change the monarchy into a comnionwealth, and liad thereby obtained the denomination of Levellers, and who had at first shewn an unwillingness to agree tu the measure of offering these proposals of the Army to the king) .to return to theii republican sentiments, and to suspect that Cromwell and Ireton were seeking their own interests, by employing their great influence in the Army to restore the king to the exercise of his autho- rity upon easier terms than those that the Parliament had thought proper to offer him/ in the hope that ihe king, when so restored by their endeavours, would re- pay so eminent a service by advancing them to offics of great honour and emolument. And one of the ve-" pons of this kind (that was spread amongst them, some weeks aOer this hiirsh refusal,) concerning tht; reward eypected by Cromwell for this service, was, that llie king, when so restored to his throne by Cromwell's in- terest with the Army,. should create-him Eail of Essex, in lieu of the late Earl cf Essex (who had been the Ge- jieral of the Parliament's army in the beginning of tiie Civil to XXVI PREFACE. Civil War, and who had died in September 1646, with- out leaving an heir of his title), and should likewise make him Captain of his Guards. But these jealousies of Cromwell's ambitious views did not rise to any vio- lent degree immediately after the king's harsh rejection of their proposals on the 2d of August, 1647 ; for Sir John Berkley tells us, that threte days afterwards^ name- ly, on the 5th of August, 1647 (which was the day before the Army marched triumphantly into London, i!S ! , and made themselves masters of the Tower and the whole City), Cromwell and Ireton, and'the officers of the Army who acted under their direction, had sufH- cient influence in the two Councils by which the Army • • was governed, to prevail with them '* to declare that . they would still keep to their former engagements to his majesty, and once more to solemnly vote their late pro- posals/.' But I do not And that the proposals were ever again formally offered by the Army to the king for his acceptance, during the whole time of his residence at his In September and palace at Hampton-court, which was from August 6, ;^5"c;n'pl;./in' »647, to November 11, 16*7; or that the king had Rus^or^c*^'" wefrs ^^^*'» '^"""g ^^*t t'"*c* signified to the Army an inclina- designs in favour of tion to accept them. And in the course of that time, fw King. *^ ^ ' the jealousy conceived by the Agitators and Levellers in the Army, of Cromwell's design of sacrificing the inte.. rests of the Army and the Nation to the views of his . private ambition, increased every day to a very high degree from the two following causes ; to wit, let, that when, on the yth of September, the Parliament had made another offer to the king to restore him to the exercise of his ro} al authority, upon certain terms, which • were PREFACE, xxtU t6, wUh- likewise jealousies any via> rejecdon ; for Sir Is, natne- the day London, and the >fiicers of lad suffi- he Army dare that nt8 to his late pro- irere ever tg for his ice at his ugust 6, ung had I inclina- lat time, rellers in he inteo s of his ry high 6t, that mt had to the which were were but little different from those which had been of- fered him before at Newcastle ; the king« on the 13th of the same monlh, refused his assent to those articles, and intimated, *' that the proposals which the Army had made him a£forded a better ground for a treaty of peace than the articles then tendered to him by the Parlia* ment, though there were some things also in those pro- posals to which his majesty could not consent." And thus the kmg. in the course of about sH weeks, namely, from the begiuning of August to the i 3th of Septem- ber, rejected the proposals both of the Army and the Parliament ; which increased the disgust of the repub- licdus, or Levellers, of the Army, and made them de- spair of ever obtaining the king's consent to their pro- posals, and therefore think themselves absolved from all obligation to adhere to them, The other cause of the increasing discontent of these Levellers was, the inti- macy and familiarity that was observed to have taken place between Cromwell and Ireton and the king's old courtiers and ministers (who then visited him at Hamp- ton-court as freely as if he had been restored to the exercise of his royal authority), and particularly with Mr. John Ashburnham, a gentleman of large estate in Sussex, who was a great favourite of the king, and who expressed a slight and contempt for these Agitators and Levellers m the Army. From this familiar intercourse between Cromwell and these favourites of the king, the suspicions and jealousy of the Agitators and Levellers against him, that he was resolved to endeavour to restore the king to the exercise of his royal authority ahnost upoa any t^rms, ia order to advance his own fortune under xxvui PREFACE. under himj grew to such a height that Cromwell thought his life in danger from them, in his own lodgings at Putney, where the head-quarters of the Army were at that time established. And it must have been about this time that the Letter of the king to his queen Henrietta Maria, (who was then in France,) in answer to a Letter from her to him, in which she had blamed him for making promises of great honours and advantages to Cromwell after he should be restored to the exercise of his royal authority, must have been intercepted by Cromwell, if that story about this intercepted Letter is true. I have reprinted this story concerning this inter- cepted Letter, with what Mr. Seward says of it in his Anecdotes of Distinguished Persons^ in a note to the present edition of Sir John Berkley's Memoirs, in pages 386 and 387. I own I have some doubts of the truth of this story about this intercepted Letter j but, if such a Letter was written and intercepted, it must have been written in some part of the month of October, 1647, when the animosity of the Levellers against Cromwell, on account of his supposed treachery to the Army and Nation, seems to have been at its highest pitch. One of the concessions made by the king to Cromwell, ac- cording to that Letter, was, that he should be made Lord>Lieutenant of Ireland for life, without account ; T and that the kingdom of Ireland should be in the hands of the Parliament- party, with an army kept there, which should know no head but the Lord Lieutenant ; and another was, that he was to be made a Knight of the Garter. But, whatever may be thought concerning tuc otoiy of .Si .■a ■4S l»RfiFACE* xxix otoi-y of of this intercepted Letter of the king, it is certain that V the jealousies of the Agitators and Levellers of the Army against Gromwell for his supposed treachery to them, and their return to their former inclination of changing the form of the government of England from a monar- , r chy into a commonwealth or republick — after first put- \. ting the king to death, as the criminal author and causer }" '^ of all the bloodshed and misery that had arisen from the \ ' ^ late Civil War — were spread very widely among them ; . so that Cromwell and Ireton, and the other superiour officers of the Army, resolved to endeavour to check its progress, by procuring a general rendezvous of the Army, in which the officers and soldiers should be re- quired to renounce all such violent projects, and renew their declarations of adherence to the old form of mon- archical government under the present king, upon such conditions as should be thought sufficient by the Parlia- '■ ■ ment to protect the people from a return of the king's • • former tyrannical government. And Sir Thomas Fair- fax, the General of the Army, (who always endea- tiers a Rendezvous of J ^ J J J 1- • 1- • . 1 the Army to be held voured to preserve good order and discipline in it, and at Ware in Hertford- to prevent all irregular attempts of the soldiers to inter- of'Novembirl*i647!*' meddle with state.affairs, which ought to be left to the sole determination of the Parliament,) readily consented to follow their advice, and did accordingly appoint such a rendezvous to be held at Ware, in Hertfordshire, on the 15th day of November, 1647. The Gcncrars order for assembling this rendezvous of the army' alarmed the Agitators and Levellers with the apprehension, that the General, together with Crom- well and Ireton and the other superiour officers, might succeed } 4 il I fit ' I , XXX PREFACBl. succeed in their design of reducing the Afmy to its an- tient state of obedience and discipline, and thereby pre- vent the execution of their present design of putting the king to death, and afterwards converting the monarchi- The Agitators resolve cal government of England into a commonwealth or pe,tn%?Ham,5on. rcpublick J and therefore they resolved to send a strong ortheRendMJoM'*^ P*"y °^ soldiers, who had adopted their republican principles and designs, to Hampton-court, to take the . king out of the custody of Colonel W halley, who had been appointed by the influence of Cromwell to have the care of him ; and probably to put him speedily to death, in order to make way for their present favourite design of changing the government into a common* wealth. All this is distinclly related by Sir John Berk- ley, in page 373 of this volume. But Cromwell got intelligence of this design, and communicated it to Co- The King escapes i^nel Whalley, with his advice to the king to make his from Hampton-court ■' ° dntheiithofNovam escape from Hampcon-court as soon as possible; which the king accordingly did, in the company of Sir John Berkley and Mr. John Ashbumham, about nine o'clock , in the evening of the ]!th of November, which was four days before the day appointed for the rendezvous, which was the 15th of November. And besides the intelligence of the design of the Agitators to seize the king's person, conveyed by Cromwell in his letter to Coloi>el Whalley, there was a letter addressed to the king himself, dated on the 9th of November, 1647, or two days before he mad^ his escape, and sigi.'ed only by the two capital letters E and R, which appears to have been written by a most loyal and affectionate subject of his Majeety, and expressed great anxiety for his preserv- ation preface:. tzti to its an-> reby pre- itting the nonarchi- wealth or I a strong ipuUican take the who had to have eedily to favourite ommon- in Berk- well got t to Go. lake his which >ir John o'clock . ch was !ZVOUS, es the ze the tter to o the '7, or ilyby have ct of iserv- tion dtion and future prosperity : it also gives such a lively {}ictUre of the fierce and violent designs that were then entertained by the Agitators and Levellers, in order to effect the change of the government from a monarchy into a commonwealth, that I think my readers will be glad to peruse it, and I therefore shall here reprint it, from the Parliamentary History of England, vol. xvi. * p. S28. "London, Nov. 9, 1647. *' May it please your Majesty, " In discharge of my duty I can't omit to acquaint An anonymous you, that my brother was at a meeting last night with HanfptoS'oui t * by eight or nine of the Agitators, who, in debate of the ob- him oflfedaSous stacles which did most hinder the speedy effecting of STiinsU,isfife: their designs, did conclude it was your Majesty, and so November gtiueir. long s^ your Majesty doth live, you would be so ; and therefore resolved, for the good of the kingdom, to take your life away ; and that to that action they were well assured that Mr. Dell and Mr. Peters, two of their preachers, would willingly bear them company^ for they had often said to these Agitators, your Majesty is but as a dead dog. My prayers are for your Majesty's safety; but do too much fear, it can't be whilst you are in those hands. I wish with all my soul that your Majesty were at my house in B.oa4-street, where I am confident I could keep you private till this storm was ovrr; but beg your Majesty's pardon, and shall not presume to offer it as advice ; 'tis only my constant zeal to your service, who am your Majesty's dutiful subject, " E. R." • Wehn xxxii PREFACli. When the king had escaped from Hampton*c&urfi on the 1 1th of November, 1647, accompanied by Sir . John Berkley and Mr. John iVshburnham, they arrived on the next day at Southampton ; and the king might then, if he had so pleased, have easily found a vessel to ' carry him to France ; and Sir John Berkley advised hini ''^- to do so ; but Mr. Ashbiirnham advised him to postpone his departure from England for a few days, till he could hear the result of the intended rendezvous of the Army at Ware, on the 15th cf November, when they hoped that the General Sir Thomas Fairfax, with Cromwell and Ireton and the other superiour officers of the Array, - ' would be able to suppress the seditious and mutinous . . ' spirit of the Agitators and Levellers', and /'jstore the Army to its former state of obedience and discipline. And this advice of Mr. Ashburnham the king thought fit to follow ; and, that he might be in a place of safety for those few days before the result of the rendezvotis The King sarrewders ns by the ive of late •oceedings o, without e know of. Regiments, pen them auncil and ; rather (as themselves ate Persons jy various ed in Print eneral Of- the Army Prejudices leir Princi- and Decla- ad were in us, both to arid other tes have la- Army, to. therein, to * divide ' divide the Soldiers from the Officers, and both Officers ' and Soldiers among themselves, and to withdraw se- * vera! Parts of the Army from their Duty and Obedience * to the General's Orders, and that in Things most he- * cessary for the safety of the Army and Kingdom. * And thus, while they causelesly cry-out against the * Breach of Engagements, and dividing the Army, they * themselves have made, or endeavoured to make, the ' greatest Breaches of their Engagements, and greatest I ' Dividing of the Army that can be ; a Dividing most * truly contrary to the Engagement ; a Dividing which ' is as bad and destructive as Disbanding ; even the * Dissolution of all that Order, Combination, and Go- ' vernment, which is the Essence of an Army; and, < under false and delusive Pretences that the Engage- * ments have' been broken, they have endeavoured ' really to loosen and draw the Army off from its former * Engagements, and to draw it into new Engagements, ' dijQferent from, and, in some Things destructive to, ^he * former; and have thus endangered the greatest For- ' feiture of the Faith and Honour of the Army that ever * it incurred. * And, whilst they cry-out "that there is nothing done," * they themselves have made the greatest Obstructions to ' the doing of any Good to the Army or Kingdom, both * in the Hindrance and Delays to our Proceedings, and * the Expence of Time which their Workings have * occasioned, either to have satisfied them if it had been ' possible, or else to salve and quiet these Discontents ^ ' and Distractions which they have i aised in the Army ; 5 * and also by the Occasions which the Parliament and ^'Kingdom, yea even our best Friends in both, have C'2 * ♦'"''.^.s * »xvi PREFACE. ■' . !1 lii * thus received, to 4iscourage tiiem from Compliance ' with, or Confidence in, an Army so uncertain, so un- * settled, so divided. « For these Causes the General hath thought fit to * rendezvous the Army, or such Parts of it as arc not * fixed upon necessary Duty elsewhere ; and (having, * with the Advice of his 'general Council, sent to the * Parliament more importunately than before, for speedy ' satisfaction to the Army in their just Desires, especially ' in Points of Provision for constant Pay to avoid free * Quarters, and of Security for Arrears,) thought it best, * with the same Advice, to dismiss most of the Officers * and Agitators from the Head- Quarters for a Fortnight * unto their respective Regiments, to satisfy and com- * pose those Discontents and Divisions which have been ' thus raised in themj and, for Ease to the Country and * Accommodation to the Soldiery, with respect to the * Season of the Tear, have thought fit to contract the * Quarters of the Army in three Brigades, and to draw ' them to three scTeral Rendezvouses, not far from each * other, and this in order to one general Rendezvous, if ' there should be any Occasion ; and in this the Severat ' Regiments of Horse and Foot have been appointed to * constant Quarters in order to those several Rendez- * vouses, taking them directly in order as their several ' Quarters lay before, without any other Respect or * Consideration. But even these Things the pretended * Agents and t^Hr Associates have laboured to pervert, ' and make Advantage-of to the aforesaid Ends of Dis- ' content and Distraction, and to represent the same to * he seveal Regiment, as done in Pursuance of the * satu'" I 4 rf i I '■I < «t < PREFACE. xxxvii Compliance ertain, so un- hought fit to F it as are not and (having, I, sent to the )re, for speedy ires, especially to avoid free tiought it best, di the Officers or a Fortnight isfy and com- lich have been e Country and respect to the ) contract the , and to draw far from each Lendezvous, if bis the^everat n appointed to (reral Rendez* s their several ;r Respect or the pretended red to pervert, Ends ofDis- it the same to >uance of the *8jinic * ,.f. i * same treacherous Councils and Designs which they had * before suggested ; and what Good they could not deny ' to be in the Things, they assume to themselves as having * been gained by their Procurement ; and so greedily catch * at the sole Credit of it, as if the General and his Coun^ * cil (but for them) would not have it. And, by Letters * or. Messages contradicting the General's Orders, they * have, under such scandalous Pretences, laboured to * draw divers Regiments from the Quarters and Ren- * dezvous to which they were ordered, unto the first Ren- * dezvous near fVare, in a disorderly and confused ' Manner, to the Oppression of the Country and Dis- ' accommodation (if not Quarrelling and Distraction of ' the Soldiery) in quartering. % * That, without Redress of these Abuses and Disor- ' ders, his Excellency cannot, nor will, any longer un- ' dergo or undertake further to discharge his present * Trust to the Parliament, the Army and Kingdom : * And, tho* he is far above any such low Thought as to ' court, or woo, the Army to continue him their General ; * yet, to discharge himself ^o the utmost, and to bring * the Business to a certain and clear issue, his Excellency * doth now declare, That he is yet willing to adhere to, * and to conduct, and live and die with, the Army, in * the lawful Prosecution of these Things following: . ReMonablo requests First for the Soldiery: i. ' To obtain present Pro- of General Fairfax _ , ., . , ... to the Parliament on * vision for constant Pay, while contiauicdi to enable them behalf of the Army, ' to discharge Quarters. 2. * The present stating of Accounts, and Security * for Arrears \ with an effectual and speedy Course to * raise Monies thereupon. c3 3. *Suf- i H XXXV Hi PREFACE. A' hi I And for the settle ment of the king- dom. 3. * Sufficient Indemnity; and Commissioners in every * County for that Purpose. - ' : ' ' ^ . : ^ u^ 4. * Provision for maimed Soldiers, and the Widows * and Orphans of Men slain in the Service ; and that in ' a certain and more honourable Way j with Commission- * ers in every County £6r that Purpose. 5. * Provision for Freedom from pressing, according * to the first Petition of the Army. 6. * Provision for Freedom of Apprentices that have ' served in this War, with the Penalty upon Masters * refusing to give it. * Secondly, For the Kingdom : A Period to be set for ' this present Parliament, to end so soon as may be with * Safety ; and Provision thereunto to be made for fu- ' ture Parliaments, for the Certainty of their Meeting, ' Sitting, and Ending, and for the Freedom and Equal- * ity of Elections thereto ; to render the House of Com- * mons, as near as may be, an equal Representative of ' the People that are to elect them, ♦ And, according to the Representation of the Army * oi June i4th, to leave other Things to, and acquiesce ' in the Determinations of, the Parliament ; but to rp- ' mind the Parliament of, and mediate with them for, * Redress of the common Grievances of the People, and ' all other Things that the Army have declared their * Desire", for. ■* ♦ That, upon his Excrllcncy's continued Conjunction * in tjicse Things, he expects that, for the particular Cir- 'cumstancc'K of them, tiie Army shall, according to ' their aforesaid hrst Engagement, acquiesce in what shall ' be agrccd-unto by the General Council of the Army tn PREFACE, XXXIX ners in every the Widows ; and that in Commission- 5, according ..A' ::^ ...*(4'.n, ' :.es that have son Masters « to be set for may be with lade for fu- leir Meeting, L and EquaU use of Com- •esentative of jf the Army nd acquiesce but to rp- them for. People, and clarcd their Conjunction rticular Cir- ccording to n what shall the Army * to which that Engagemenu refers j and for the Matter --^V * of Orderincr, Conducting, and Government of the And that the Army °' ° . f shall be obedient to * Army, that every Member of it shall be observant or» the General and his ... 1 . T-. II 1 • /-. •! r Txr J Council of War, and * and subject to, his Excellency, his Councilor war, and every one to his su- < t • ■ y-vn- V *« »U^ ])erior Officers, ac- ■ every one to his superior Officers, according to the cording to the Disci- * Discipline of War j for assurance whereof he expects •' '"'^ ° * that as many as are satisfied herewith, and agree here- . * unto, do severally subscribe to what is here under- . ^ . ' written for that Purpose, , ' ', ,, We the Officers and Soldiers of *' "" Regiment Jj^l^^^, ^^^j^' of ' , whose names are hereunto subscribed, posc Jp besigticd by tlie otncers and sol- do hereby declare that we are satisfied in his Excellency diers. the General's continued Conjunction with the Army y^ in the lawful Prosecution of the Things heretofore declared to be prosecuted for the Soldiery and Kingdom respect- ively i and, for the particular Circumstances of them, we shall, according to the general Engagement of the Army above-mentioned, acquiesce in what shall be agrccd'unto by the General Council of the Army, to which that Engagement refers j and for the Matter 0£ Ordering, Conduct, and Government of the Army, we shall be observant of, and subject to, his Excellency and his Council of War, and every one of us to our superior Ofliccrs in this Regiment and the Aroiy, according to the Discipline of War. '■ ' i Signed by the Appointment of his Excellency, Sir Thomas Fairfax and his Council of War, , JO. RUSHWORTH, Secretary. This Remonstrance was ordered to be sent*down to the Commonv. C4 The It I ; ^ x\ PREFACE. The second of these papers begins in page S33, of the same volume, and is expressed in these words. To the Right Hon. the Earl of Manchester, Speaker of the House of Peers pro Tewipore. ; v- General Fairfax's Account of the Ren- dezvous of a part of * the Army nearWarc, , on the 15th day of riovemhjer, 1647. r ( c f _ ' c t 1 ( Of Colpncl Harri- < ion's Regimrpt pf Hursc, 9nd Colonel < Lilburne'g Regiment pf Foot. ' c < My Lord, Hertford^ Nov, 15y 16^7, * I Rendezvoused this day three regiments of foot and four of Hprse, viz. of Horse, my own Regiments,CoI. Rich* s, Col, Fleetwood's, and Col. Txmskton's \ and of Foot, my own Regiment, Col. Pride*s, and Col. Ham-e mond's. When they appeared all at the Place of Rendezvous, I tendered to them, and caused to be i^ad at the Head of every Regiment, this inclosed Paper ; which was very acceptable to them, and to which they have given very full and ready Con- currence, professing Readiness to serve you and the Kingdom ; which, I hope, will be constantly and ho- nestly by them performed. And I can't but attribute great Acknowledgements to Almighty God, in making these poor Men so unanimous, in such Things as, I think, do, and will, conduce to an happy Settlement of this poor Kingdom. * They profess likewise an absolute Submission and Conformity to the antient Discipline of the Army, by which I hope to order it to your Satisfaction. There came thither also two Regiments without Orders, viz. Col. HarrisorCt, of Horse, and Col, Lilbume's, of Foot. These two had been very much abused and deluded by the Agents who had their Intercourses with them at London, and were so far prevailed withal, that, when they PREFACE. xll they came into the Field, they brought with them, in their Hats, a Paper, commonly called. The ^Agreement of the People, being very much inflamed towards Mutiny and Disobedience. But truly I perceived the Men were merely cozened and abused with fair Pre- tences of those Men which acted in the London Coun- cils; for Col. Harmon* 5 Regiment was no sooner informed of their error, but, with a great deal of Rea- diness and Chearfulness, they submitted to me, ex< pressiqg the same Affection and Resolution of Obc- dicnce with other Regiments; and I believe you will have a very goo4 Account of them for Time to come. As for Col. Lilhirne's, they were put into those extremities of Discontent, that they hid drawn- away almost all their Officers; and came-in nuirching- Up near to the Rendezvous, contrary to the Orders, the cbiefest Officer with them being a Captain-Lieu- tenant, whom I have secured on purpose to try him at a Council of War j and, for Example's Sake, drew- out divers of the Mutineers, three whereof were pre- sently tried and condemned to Death ; and, by Lot, one of them was shot to Death at the Head of the Regiment i and there are more in Hold, to be tried. I do And the same Regiment likewise very sensible of their Error, a^d testifying much seeming Conformity to Commands; so that I doubt not but I shall be able to give you a good account of that Regiment also.— And, indeed, I do see that the ZonJon-Agents have been the great Authors of these Irregularities, and wish that some of better Quality may not have been theip Abettors, • ' Major y sUf PREFACE. - ( < Major Scot came to the Rendezvous, and did carry himself very factiously ; not only testifying his own Discontent, but stirring-up others also to the same j whereupon I desired him to withdraw out of the Field, and repair to the Parliament; and commanded an Officer to attend him to the House of Commons. * I thought it my Duty to give your Lordships this further Account, that Colonel Ramsborougk, with some others, tendered this inclosed Petition, together with the People* s digreement annexed thereunto. And (by what Hands I yet know not fully), very many Copies of the same Agreement were dispersed among the Soldiers, thereby to engage them. 3ut (blessed be God!) all proved ineffectual ; and I may repeat it once again, I never yet, upon any Rendezvous, found Men better composed and better satisfied at parting, than these nine Regiments were ; and I trust in God, if a just Care be taken to answer their reasonable Desires^ they will still so continue. But give me Leave to say, chat I hope, out of a good Affection to you and this poor mngdom, it will be your Lordship's Glory and Honour to make such Use of this Mercy, as that all the World may see that which I know you intend, to ' wit, a speedy Settlement of those Things that I was ' bold to present to the House of Commons in my late * Addresses, and the easing of this poor Kingdom of ' free Quarter ; by providing future Pay, that no free ' Quarters be taken, nor the Soldiers put to Shifts, f nor I be unable to uphold the Discipline of the Army ; f fhat they may be satisfied in their Arrears, according '\fy .",' !'' to PREFACE. xliii to the former Desires ; and that the Act of Indemnity may be made full, and those other Things concerning the Soldiers in this Paper may be performed. * I shall very much rejoice in the next Place, that you will please to anticipate all our Desires in V ose Things which concern the Settlement of the Kin|^- dom ; which, though they do not move so properly from us as Soldiers, yet, as Englishmen, who have engaged ourselves by our several Declarations to the Kingdom, we cannot but continue our humble and earnest Desires that they may be settled to Satisfaction ; and we hope it will not be any Regret to you that we become your Remembrancers therein ; and, my Lord, believe me, you will find that Expedition will be the Life of all the Things which concern the Soldiers and the Kingdom. ■'^ *— .,..s.»p w** t«wiM:v' ' We shall have our other Rendezvous with what * Convenience may be ; of the Issue of which you shall * Receive a speedy Account. There be four Regiments * of Horse, one in fVales, viz. Col. Halion's', Col. * Scroop*s, in Somersetshire ; Col. Tomlin's, in Lincoln- * shire ; Col. Thornhagh^s, in Nottinghamshire j of * which I have very good Assurances that they will be * very faithful and obedient to you and the Discipline * of the Army. Having troubled you thus much, I « rest - - -, '. — ; " • Your Lordship* s most humble Servant, "* ( :, THOMAS FAIRFAX,' lO.-f^i. .; ■^'iX% lu yt \ ' J K*. J ' To XlJT PREFACE. ■ ■: ■* To his Excellency Sir Thomas Fairfax, our Noble General. The Humble Petition of many Officers and Soldiers under his Commandt S/ieweth, *■ That, in Judgement and Conscience, we engaged ' in War against the King, under your Excellency's * Command, to preserve and vindicate the Freedom * of our native Countries, and of the Parliament in order * thereunto: < That, by the Blessing of Godj all those our Ene- * mies are fallen or fled before us ; that, for the same * Ends, for our Rights, and for our Services, we were * forced to hazard ourselves in disputing the Parlia- * ment's Commands ; and those our Opposers have * likeiK^ been subdued : ^ * That the Countries have petitioned your Excellency * to procure the long^xpected Settlement of their Free* ' doms: * That we have waited many Months for the secur- ' ing to us, and all the free-born People, their native * Rights and for our Indemnity and Arrears as Sol- * diersj and our Hearts bleed to see our Country * consumed under continued Distractions and heavy * Oppressions : * That we see no Hope of Indemnity of us and our « Assistants, nor of settling the Foundations of Free- • dom PREFACl^. x\t * dom, but by entering into this jigreement (c) ; which ' we herewith oifer unto your Excellency, desiring your * Concurrence therein : I * That we have seen and felt the sad Consequences * of being divided and scattered, before our native Free- ' doms were settled, and our Arrears securedj and such ( a Way established for constant Pay that we may know * where to receive it monthly without fail : ' That we are bound In Conscience, Irom the ' Sense of our Duty to our native Country, and in < Mercy to ourselves, to keep-together with our Swords ' in our Hands, to maintain these our Freedoms, for * which the Parliament first invited us to take Arms ; ' to see our Arrears and Pay secured, and our dear ' Country freed from these intolerable Burdens. ^- * May it therefore please your Excellency to go-on, ' in owning and leading us in Maintenance of this our ' Cause, to the l^ighteousness whereof God hath bq(n ' such clear Witness ; and in the Prosecution of these ' Things, we humbly desire to live and die under your ' Excellency's Conduct/ Afterireading all these Papers the Lords resolved to have a present Conference with the Commons thereupon. A Committee being appointed accordingly, the Earl of Northumberland reported the Heads to be offered at the Conference ; which, being read and considered, were approved of as follows, via. (e) In the Margin of the Lard* Journnli in thl« Bniry, ' The Pe»pl*a En- ' gtgtment woh annexed (o th!i FiUlintit with thtie Wnrtlt printid on the < backside, in Capital Letteri, tit, BNCLAND'i PREEUOr4, SOLDrSRi * RIGHTS/ Out wt And no Copy uf it tlierCi nor in iihy of our CulUcHoHi, ' That xlfi PREFACE. The two houses « That a Letter of Thanks be written to the General GeneraSrfax/^or from both Houses, desiring the continuance of his Care ill" rpj*irng*^the to see exemplary Justice done, upon those who shall SS's^Vfe have raised, or shall endeavour to raise, Mutinies, and factiously to subvert the Order and good Government of the Army ; and a Committee of both Houses to pre pare the same. ^^ \ s -^ , - * That a speedy Course may be taken to give some I' present Satisfacdon to the Army in their Pay, and such a Settlement of Pay to them for the future, that the ^ Kingdom may not continue under the Burden of free Quarter, nor the Soldiers be put to Shifts. * That some real Satisfacdon may be given to the Army in respect of their Arrears ', and the Act of In- demnity to be made full. * That there may be a Committee of both Houses appointed to examine the Proceedings of those London Agents, mentioned in the General's Letter, and all others who are known, or shall justly be suspected, to have been the Authors and Abettors of these seditious Irregularities, whereupon some exemplary Justice may be done : and because Col. Rainshrough, and Major Sco/f Members of the House of Commons, are named in the General's Letter to have acted in this Business, .to desire that House to take it into their Care so to pro- ceed with them, as may conduce to the Safety of this Kingdom, and the Preservation of this present Govern- ment. * That Col. Rainshorough, who is named in the Ge- neral's Letter to have been active, with others, at this Ren- Ife PREFACE ihii he General of his Care who shall itinies, and Jovemment ises to pre give some , and such ^, that the len of free en to the Vet of In- :h Houses le London , and all ected, to seditious 5tice may d Major e named 3usiness, ) to pro- r of this Govern- the Ge. at this Ren- ■ Rendezvous, may not be suffered to go to Sea till this Business be fully examined (^^. * That for the Satisfaction of the Kingdom and Army, and to discharge ourselves of the Duty and Trust that lies upon both Houses^ a speedy Course may be taken and prosecuted to quiet the present Distractions, and to ' . • , settle the Peace of the Kingdoms.' By the Erst of the two foregoing papers, intitled, r,^,,^^ ^„ ^^^ ^^^ *' A Remonstrance from Sir Thomas Fair/ax and his °V^^ *"•* *»«going •' •' papers. Couruil of War,** it appears that the General and his Council of War had of late found the greatest intemip- ' ' tionto their Proceedings from a few men who were in- . ;: ' deed members of the Army, but who, without any authority, or just call thereunto, had assumed the name of Agents for several regimentSy and took upon them to act as a divided party from the said Council and Army, and, associating themselves with diverse private person^' that were not of the Army, had endeavoured, by various Falsehoods and Scandals, raised and divulged in Print and otherwise, against the General, the Ge- neral Officers, and Council of the Army, to possess the Army and the Kingdom, with Jealousies of them, and , , Prejudices against them, as if they had deserted the prin- ciples upon which they had been first engaged, and had forfeited their trust, and had become false and treacher- ous both to the Army and the Kingdoms ; and, by these false charges, had raised divisions and mutinies in the Army. And these were the persons that were now inculcating the necessity of setting the King aside, or (d) Who had been appointed Vice^Admirnl of the Fleetabout two Months before, putting fimmmnrM mtmrn iini ill l! ^1 I'm i I'!' h w Remarks on the se- cond of the two foregoing papers. alviii iPKEHct. putting him to death as the guilty cause of all the blood that had been shed in the late ^ar, and of afterwards' changing the form of Government from a Mbnarchy into a Commonwealth, or Republick ; all which was directly contrary to the wishes and principles of Sir Thomas Fairfax, who was a most upright, modest, and unambitious, man, as well as one of the bravest, most active and indefatigable, and successful. Generals that ever lived. '\'^"-'^-^i ^'-^^'i-'y --r :v a,; - And by the second of the two foregoing Papers, or the Letter of General Fairfax to the Parliament, giving an account of the Rendezvous of the Army at Ware on the l5th of November, 1647, it appears that the Regiments who met there in obedience to the General's order were only seven, to wit^ three of Foot, and four of Horse ; the three of Foot being those of the General himfelf, and of Colonel Pride, and Colonel Hammond, and the four of Horse bemg the Genend's own Regi- meat, and those of Colonel Rich, Colonel Fleetwood, and Colonel Twisleton. All these Regiments behaved with great order and submission to Military Authority, and professed a firm resolution to be faithful to their engagements in support of the Parliament, in order to a happy settlement of the Kingdom. But there were two other Regiments, one of Horse, and one of Foot, namely Colonel Harrison's Regiment of Horse, and Colonel Lilburn's Regiment of Foot, that came to this Rendezvous without orders. And these Regiments appear to have been very much abused and deluded by the intercourse they had had with the abote-mcntioned pretended Agents of the Army whom ^ . they the blood fterwards " lonarchy hich was !S of Sir dest, and est, most erals that 'apers, or t, giving at Ware \ that the jreneral's and four General mmond, n Regi- }etwood, behaved ithority, to their der to a Horse, ^giment Foot, And abused ^ith the whom they PREFACE. ' \K^ they had met-with in London. For, when they came into the Field where the Rendezvous was held, (which they did without having had the General's orders to attend it, ) they brought with them in their hats a Paper commonly called, The Agreement of the People, and seemed very much inflamed towards Muriny and Diso- bedience. But General Fairfax adds that he soon perceived that these men had been merely cozened and abused with fair pretences of those men who hau acted in the London Councils : for Colonel Harrison's Regiment was no sooner informed by the General of their error, but, with a great deal of readiness and chcarful- ness, they submitted to him, and expressed the same AflFection and resolution of obedience with the other Regiments ; so that he believed the Parliament would have a very good account of them for the time to come. The General then mentions the more disorderly and mudnous behaviour of the other Regiment which came to the Rendezvous without orders, namely. Colonel Lilburn's Regiment of Foot; to suppress which he found it necessary to seize upon several of the soldiers, and try them for mutiny ; of whom three were found guilty, and condemned to die, and one of the three, by lot, was immediately shot to death at the head of the regiment. And then he adds, that he finds tliat regiment also to have become very sensible of their errour, and to have testified much seeming conformity to commands. And in the eud of bis account of what passed at this famous Rendezvous, the General uses these words; " and I may repeat it once again, I never yet, upon any Rendezvous,, found men better composed and better satisfied at part» ing, than these nine Regiments were." p PREFACE. In this account given by Gen. Fairfax^ hithself, of this famous Rendezvous of the Army, at Ware, on the l5th of November, 1647 ; there is no mention nlade of Lt. Gen. Cromwell as having taken a very active part in causing the 14 seditious soldiers to be ar- rested and tried as mutineers, and one of them to be shot to death immediately, and 11 to be imprisoned. But this is distinctly mentioned in another account of it given by a writer of great authority, who probably was present at it ; I mean Lt. Gen. Edmund Ludlow, in the first volume of his Memoirs, in the Edinburgh Edition of them^ printed in the year n3\, pages 192, 193. This account is as follows : Another account of The time for the general Rendezvous of the Army given bvV",,tenanT b^'"R "0^ come, the Commonwealth-party amongst General Ludlow, jj^g^ declared to stand to their engagement. « not to be dispersed till the things they had demanded were ef- fected, and the Government of the nation established." To make good which resolution, several regiments ap- peared in the Held with distinguishing marks in their hats. But Lt. Gen. Cromwell, not contenting him- self with his part in an equal Government, puffed-up by his successes to an expectation of greater things^ and having driven a bargain with the Grandees in the house, either to comply with the King, or to settle things in a fectious way without him, procured a party to stand by him in the seiaing some of those who ap- peared at the rendezvous in opposition to his designs. '}9 this cnd| being accompanied with divers officers i ' whom I > PREFACE. II iihself) of Ware, on I mention sn a very 5 to be ar- em to be nprisoned. :ount of it » probably d Ludlow, Edinburgh pages 192, the Army ty amongst " not to be td were ef- itablished." iments ap- Iks in their nting him- |, puffed'Up iter things, ,ees in the r to settle red a party who ap- lis designs. its officers whom whom he had preferred, and by that means made his creatures, he rode up to one of the regiments which had the distinguishing marks, requiring them to take them out: which they not doing, he caused several of them to be seized ; and then, their hearts failing, they yielded obedience to his commands. He ordered one of them to be shot dead upon the place ; delivering the rest of those whom he had seized, being eleven in number, into the hands of the Marshal ; and having dispersed the army to their quarters, went to give aii. account of his proceedings to the parliament. Andf though, when an agreement with the King was carried- on by other bands, he could countenance the army in opposition to the parliament ; yet now, the bargain for the peoplf 's liberty being driven-on by himself, he op- posed those who laboured to obstruct it, pretending his so doing to be only in order to keep the army in sub- jection to the parliament ; who, being very desirous to have this spirit suppressed in the army by any means, not only approved what they had done, but gave him the thanks of the house for the same. Whereunto, though single, I gave as loud a iVb as 1 could, being fully con- vinced that he had acted in this manner for no other end but to advance his own passion and power into the room of right and reason ; and took the first opportunity to tell him, " that, the army having taken the power into " their hands, (as in effect they had done,) every drop of " bloodshed in that extraordinary way, would be required *' of them, unless the rectitude of their intentions and ac« " tions did justify them } of which ihey had need to be ** very careful," ; . , ,, : p2 * The Vi PREFACE. Remarks on the two j^e account of thic famous rcndezvous of the Army foregoingaccountsoi ' *J" Rendezvous ojf gj Ware, here given by General Ludiow in his Memoirs, seems to be considerably different from, though not abso- lutely contrary to, or incompatible with, the former account given of it in General Fairfax's Letter to the Parliament. For in this account of General Ludlow this rendezvous is called a general rendezvous of the . Army, as if it had been a rendezvous of the whole army, or, at least, of all those regiments that appeared at it J whereas, in General Fairfax's Letter to the Parlia- ment, it is stated to have been a rendezvous of only seven regiments of the Army, to wit, four regiments of Horse, and three of Foot, who had been summoned by the - General's order to attend it; but that some parts of two '. other regiments, these of Col. Harrison and Gol. Lil- ' '. burney came there in an irregular and disorderly manner, and without having received any orders to attend it ; and that it was only in these two last regiments, and chiefly in that of Col. Lilburne, that these sentiments in favour ,, of a change of the form of the government of the Nation from a limited Monarchy into a Republick,or Common- wealth, were manifested by 6ome papers which the •Soldiers wore in their hatsj though in General Ludlow's . , account it is said. ** that several regiments appeared in the Held with distinguishing marks in their hats". And, V . secondly, in this account of this rendezvous by General Ludlow there is no mention made of General Fairfax's having taken any active step whatsoever towards sup- pressing this mutinous spirit in some of the regiments, nor even of his having been present at the rendezvous j but all the exertions used for that purpose are ascribed to the PREFACE. Hit I the Lieutenant-General Cromwell, as if the Rendezvous had been held before him alone. However, notwith- standing these differences between these two accounts, (which are but omissions and not contradictions,) I think both of them must be admitted to be true. And from both of them one would naturally suppose that th6 ' mutinous disposition of the republican part of the army, that had worn those seditious papers in their hats, had been perfectly subdued. But this was far from being , But, ndtwit^istand- , , ^ '"g the submission true. For we arc positively informed both by Sir John of the Army to the 1 r jf • General's authority Dirkileij m|his Memoirs and by General Ludlow mat the Kendezvous^ his, (which agree perfectly with S/V/o/tn fierAe/e^'s,) of the a nny'becomes that, within a few days, (less than a week,) after the and LSJIIanrGe' above*mentioned Rendezvous of the Army at Ware, "vm to it.™*^ *°*^ great numbers of the Officers and Soldiers of the Army, ~ ih r»xpression used by both Sir John Berkeley and , ' G< '- 't Ludlow is two thirds of thi Army, — had been , '' ' since with Cromwell and Ireton, to tell them '* That, ** though they were certain to perish in the enterprize, "they would lea/c nothing unattempted to bring the '".• ** whole army to their sense; and that, if all failed, " they would make a division in the army, and join " with any who would assist them in the destruction of ** those that should oppose them". In consequence of these declarations from so great a part of the Army, Cromwell and Iretou had argued thus : ** If the army " should divide, the greatest part will join with the " Presbyterians, and will, in all likelihood, prevail to ** our ruin by forcing us to make our applications to the ' . *' King ; wherein we shall rather beg, than ofl'er, any " lUttiistance ; which if the king shall give, and after- d3 *' wards liv PREFACE. >i • '<- «c €* " wards have the good fortune to prevail, if he shall ** then pardon us, it will be all that we can pretend-to, ** and more than we can certainly promise to ourselves. " We must therefore conclude, that« since we cannot bring the army to our sense, it will be best for us to comply with theirs; a schism between us being utterly '* destructive to both parties". And, in pursuance of this resolution, Cromwtll bent all his thoughts to make 4iis peace with the party that was most opposite to the king ; acknowledging (as he well knew how to do on such occasions) " that the Glory of the world had so *< dazzled his eyes that he could not discern clearly the *^ great works that the Lord was doing'*. He sent also (as Ludloiv informs us) comfortable messages to the prisoners that he had seized at the late rendezvous, assuring them that nothing should be done to their prejudice ; and by these, and the like, arts he perfected his reconciliation. And from this time the Commonwealth Party, both in the army (where it was very numerous) and in the Parliament (where it formed but an inconsiderable minority), were resolved to decline treating with the king for his restoration to the exercise of the royal authority, upon any terms at all, and thought it safer and better for the permanent peace and wcllfare of the Nation, to settle the state without him. And in this resolution Cromwell, since his late reconciliation with the Commonwealth Party, seems to have concurred; but till that event, I conceive him to have continued sincere in his professions of attachment to the king, and in his desire of being the chief instrument of his restoration to PREFACE. ii the exercise of his royal authority upon the moderate proposals drawn-up by Commissary-general Iretonf or such others as might be thought sufficient to protect the Liberties and privileges of the people agdnst any future attempts of arbitrary Power in the Crown. But I have lately met with another account of the tii" fo***' *d? mie*.^ above-mentioned Rendezvous of the first Brigade of*o"» o' *•»? Army ° publiihed immedi- the Parliament's Army near Ware before General •tely after it. Fairfax on the 15th of November, 1647, that was published immediately after it, by a person who was ^ present at it, and who set his name to his description ' .^ of it. This account is the first tract of a small pam- ^ phlet, published on the 16th of November, 1647, or the very next day after the said Rendezvous was held before Sir Thomas Fair/ax, The Title of this Pamphlet • is as follows : « 1. A full relation of the Proceedings at the Rendezvous of that Brigade of the Army that was held at Cork-bush Field in Hartford Parish on Monday last ; 2. And a Letter from the Speaker of the Honourable . House of Commons to Sir Thomas Fair/ax con- cerning the said Rendezvousj with a Paper entitled England's Freedoms and Soldier's Rights, » 3. Also a Petition to his Excellency, Sir Thomas Fair- fax, of diverse officers and soldiers of the Army under his command j ' - -. 4i Together whh a Declaration against the Proceedings of the AVm' -<4genf J.— —November 15th, J 647. Imprimatur, • ^ Gilbert Mabbot. • . London, printed Nouember \ 6th, 1647. d4 The hi PREFACE. The first of the four Tracts mentioned in this Title* page of this small pamphlet, which contains an account of this celebrated Rendezvous of the Army, is in the words following. A full Relation of the Proceedings at the Rendezvous of that Brigade of the Army that was held at Cork- bush Field in Hartford Parish on Monday last. This day, according to appointment, the Rendezvous of the first Brigade of the Army was held in Cork-lush Field in Hartford Parish, between Hartford and Ware, Hartford being the head-quarters, — -Saturday and Sun- day. The General went from thence to the Rendez- vous, where, according to order, there met of Horse, the General's Regiment, Colonel Fleetwood's, Colonel Rich's, and Colonel Twistleton's ; of Foot, the General's, Colonel Hammond's, and Colonel Pride's— And besides these, upon the seducements of the New Agents, Co- lonel Harrison's, and Colonel Lilbum's Regiments — The General expressed himself very gallantly, at the head of every Regiment, to live and die with them for those particulars which were contained in a Remonstrance read to every Regiment; And, notwithstanding the endeavours of Major Scott and others to animate the Soldiers to stand to the Paper called The Agreement of the People, they generally, by many acclamations, de- clared their Affections and Resolutions to adhere to the General ; and as many as could, in the short time they had allowed, vsigned an Agreement drawn-up for that purpose, concerning their being ready from time to time to observe such orders, as they should receive from the General and Council of the army. I had sent you ■• ^V" . ■■ ''-' v;^ ' . -the •/ PREFACE. Ivii the copy of this Agreement, and His Excellency*s Remonstrance, but that I was so shortened in time I could not :— rl should have acqusunted you before. That, upon the General's coming into the field. Colonel Eyres, Major Scot, and others, were observed to be insinuating divers seditious principles into the Soldiers, and incen- sing them against the General and General Officers : Upon which order was given for the commitment of Colonel Eyre, and others, into the Marshal u ds, and Major Scot committed to the custody of Lieutenant ChWenderit and sent-up to the Parliament — Some inferior persons were likewise committed for dispersing sundry scandalous and factious papers, as the Agreement of the People, &c., among the private Soldiers. — And finding that those persons who pretend most for the freedom of the people, had dispersed divers of these papers amongst Colonel Lilbum's Regiment of Foot (the most mutinous Regiment in the Army) strict Command was given for them to tear them and cast them away ; which was done; and Captsdn-Lieutenant Bray (who was the only officer, above a Lieutenant, left amongst them, (the rest being driven.'■_..>:■ .'' /' ■ • ' '' of PREFACE. Ixiii If so they the safety ights, and iir utmost latsoever ; Kample of vain for lemselves, 11 deluded own wo- ind dearly les of Go- tlement of >nded our \ he People, roopers of ended the thout the that part ere laid- English into that erned by y chosen ties, and at the a House of of Lords ; or, (to make use of their own words above, recited in the 4th article of their Agreement in the last line of page lx\ without the consent, or concurrence ^ of any other person, or persons, to the enacting, altering, or repealing, of Laivs, ^c. But this way of thinking was not yet become general in the Army, though it prevsuled there more than in any other considerabe Body of men in the kingdom. And it had been increased amongst them during the king's residence at Hampton-court for more than three month8> from the beginning of the month of August, 1647, by his haughty and contemptuous rejection of the very mode- rate Proposals of the Army that had been drawn- np by Commissary-General Ireton, and presented to him by the great officers of it for his acceptance about that time, and afterwards, in the month of September. by his rejection of a proposal made by the Parliamec c itself for the same purpose of restoring him to the exer- cise of the royal authority, upon such conditions as they thought absolutely necessary for .'leir own safety after he should again be seated on the throne. But about the middle of the month of October, 1647, Colonel Rains- borough, and Colonel Eyres, and Major Scot, and Lieu- tenant-Colonel John Lilburn, and others of the officers of the Army who were the most zealoaslj u*Mched to republican principles, (and who had been with some difficulty prevailed-upon by Cromwell and Ireton and their party, in the preceeding month of July, to consent to oflFer the king the Proposals above-mentioned that were drawn-up by Genera' Ireton, and rejected by the king in August,) had taken great pains to spread and en- - • ^ force #■• Ixiv PREFACE. I force their republican opinions in the Army; and, amongst other things, they had prevailed upon the sol- diers of some of the Regiments to chuse two jiew Agi- tators, besides the two which they had chosen in the preceeding Month of June to discuss and support their rights, when they first began to refuse obedience to the orders of Parliament. And these new Agitators were also called /igents for the Army, because they were au- thorized, or supposed to be authorized, by the soldiers who elected them, to absent themselves from the places in which their regiments were quartered, and to resort to London, and there to converse with republican mem- bers of Parliament, or rich citizens of London, or Law- yers, or other persons that speculated on the subject of Civil Government, and best understood the nature of republican Governments, and were most inclined to adopt them j and they were even supposed to be autho- rized, or they pretended to be authorized, by the regi- ments which had elected them, to give the consent of the said regiments to such new plans of republican Go- vernment as they should have thought fit to consent to. These new Jgitators, or Agents for the Army, seem to be the persons mentioned by the latter name of Agents for the Army, in the Remonstrance of General Fairfax to the Parliament concerning the late Discontent and Distraction in the Army, printed above in pages xxxiii, xxxiv, XXXV, xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxviii, and xxxix, dated Hartford, November 14, 1647. But there is further ^ mention made of them in the fourth, or last, tract pub- lished in the little Pamphlet above-mentioned containing the account of the aforesaid Rendezvous of the Army oa • "s PREFACE. lit on the 15th of November, 1647, signed iPilliain Clark ; Which fourth tract is intitlei A DerlaraMh agninst tfm Proceedings of the riew Agcntn^ and is as follows i ■\ A Declaration of th* Officer!) and Soldi>rl A Declaration against the New Agents* Forasmuch an our Condition with the Army in May Troi'jTof 'K'*^** and June last, occasioned us to make choice of Agitators y^JJJJ ontHf Army for transacting of our business with, and tepresentaiion ']• ^jj'^'f'ij *'"'"! of our grievances to, the General, and, by him, to the btr, 1047. Parliament^ for th? keeping of a mutual dorrespdndency and unanimous compliance amongst us, for the clearing of all misprisions and misapprehensions thit might any way retard the firm establishment of a lasting Peace in this unhappy kingdom, as also in Order and relation to the compleat satisfaction of the Souldiery. Notwithstanding, upon several informations [given to us] that those formerly employed by us did more consult their own advancement than the publick settlement, we were induced, about the 19th of October last, to make choice of two new Agita- tors for a Regiment} not, in the least manner, intending that they should presume to usurp authority over the General, the Council of War, the old Agitators, or over • the kingdom, or over us, so as to appoint conventions at their own pleasure, and there to compose, and publish in print to the world, strange and unheard of Fancies, and frame Ideas of their own brain, and bring them to us to father. But the authority we derived upon them, was only to act according to our first-engaged Princi- ples, with the Consent and Advice of the General, tha Council of War, and the Agitators first-elected,— to clear those things that seemed dubious unto us; to I prevent Ixvi PREFACE. prevent misinformations ; to endeavour to facilitate things that appeared difiicuh ; to make us intelligent subjects what progress had been made in order to our first engagement and t epresentations to the Parliament, and to improve their best assistance to remove such ob- structions as did any v.-zy impede the just and legal proceedings of the Army. And, whereas they have, contrary to the trust reposed in them — contrary to the end for which they were selected and chosen, and, indeed, contrary to the duty of good subjects cast-off all allegiance and obedience (as we conceive) to all present visible Authority in the Kingdom, and have betaken themselves to a new-framed Citie of refuge, have declared that they will persist in that way positively against all opposition whatsoever, have endeavoured to incense the nation [against the Army by alledging]that the army's intentions, declarations, and remonstrances have been but to gull and mislead the people, and have rejected all terms of correspondency with those formerly entrusted and employed by us; and all this acted, printed, and published before any antecedaneous notice thereof given to, or con- sent had from, their respective Regiments. Therefore we do declare to the said pretended Agitators, and to all the world, that we are so far from countenancing their pre- posterous proceedings, as that we hereby testify our utter dislike to ihem : And do hereby re call any pretended authority that the said Agitators make claim-to from us, ancl likewise do require them to return to their several and respective Troops, and not to persist any farther by virtue of any colourable pretence whatsoever; we being fully resolved to adhere to the former mutual , Agreement PREFACE. IxTii Agreement of the Army, and not to act in a distinct way from the generall Coancil of War, and those Agita- tors formerly entrusted by us, much less in opposition to them ; but to cor .^ply with them in all such things as ' may conduce to the speedy redress of the publick dis- tractions of the kingdom, and the bringing to perfection our just desires contained and specified in the engage* ments and several declarations of the Army, and will make choice of such men as shall be appointed to com- municate their utmost endeavours in the assistance of the General and Council of War, in such a way as may best conduce to the Bene esse of the Nation. . Consented to, and subscribed by, the Officers and Souldiers in CoL Whalley's own Troop, ~ ^ From the forc»roine Declaration of the Officers and inference* drawn o o f^g^ jj,g foregoing Soldiers of Colonel lVhalleu*s own troop of Horse, Declaration of Co- , ^, , . ,, .. p,. 'lonelWhalle/i troop ( which was pnnted about the time of the above-men- of Horse, tioned Rendezvous of the Army on the 15th of Novem* ber, 1647t) and from the Ltt er signed E. R. sent to the King to advise him to make his escape from Hamp- ton«Court, which is dated on November the 9tb, or two days before he did escape from thence, (and which men- tions the violent designs against his Life entertained by the Agitators then at London, and expressed at a meet* ing in London on the 8th of November, 1 647, at which eight, or nine, of them were present ; — I say, from this Declaration and this Letter, it seems evident that the # efforts of Colonel Rainsborough, Colonel Eyre, U«ut9aant*Colonel John Lilbum, Major Scot^ and the B 8 Other hr 111 fRErACE. 1 i Other patrons of the Republican Mode of Government, had increased, (after the King'^s two rtfUSals of the pro- posals made to him for his restoration to the exercise of the royal authority by the Army in the beginning of August, and by the Parliament in September,) to a high degree of violence^ and had been attended with great success in the Army in making many converts to their opinion, before the 1 9th of October, when these new Agitators were chosen by some of the Regiments : and it Was, pfobably, in the interval of time from October 19th to the beginning of November, that the Jealousy of the republican part of the Army against Cromwell, and their suspicions that he intended to sacrifice the Interests of the Army and of the ^ ation at large to the gratification of his own Ambition by restoring the King to the throne upon too easy terms, in order to obtain from him great honours and emoluments as rewards for so great a service, increased to such a degree as to make him declare that he thought his Life was in danger from the republican soldiers, insomuch that he hardly dared venture to sleep at his own lodging at Putney, where the head-quarters of the Army were then established And it was in order to check and suppress this violent republican spirit among the Soldiers, and to reduce the Army to it's former state of discipline and obedience totlie General and his Council of War, that he exhorted General Fairfax to give orders for the above-mentioned Rendezvous of a great part of the Army near "Ware, and also, in all pro* babiltty, prevailed upon his favourite and dependant. Colonel Whalley, to procure from the officers and sol- diers of his own troop the presentation and signature of the h PREFACE. Jxlt the foregoing Dedaration against the [new Agents, or Agitators, in the Army, who were so busy in propagat* ing their republican principles And at that Rendei* vous the Army seemed to be compleatly reduced to thdr former state of Discipline and Obedience to their Supc* rior officers. But this Obedience was but temporary and iaiperfect ; for, in the short space of two, or .three, dayi/ after the Rendezvous, great numbers of the Oificeril went to the lodgings of Cromwell and Ireton, and poiiV lively declared to them, that, if they continued in thein resolution of restoring the King to the exercise of tbc| Royal authority, and preventing the design of the jre* publican part of the Army to establish a Popular GoA yernment instead of the former Monarchy of England, from being carried into execution, they were resolved/ to divide the army against them, and to use their utmoitl efforts, even by force of arms, to carry that favourite^ measure into eifect. These declarations struck a terror into Cromwell, and made him intirely give-up hit for- mer design of being the principal instrument of restoring the king to the exercise of his authority, and go-over to the party that was most adverse to him, in order to recover his own great in6uence over the Army, which had been all along, from the beginning of the Civil "War, the great foundation of his power and importance int..e State, and was likely to continue to be of the same advantage to him in the remaining years through which the war might be protracted. As to the more quiet and obedient part of the army, who submitted chearfully to the directions of their General, Sir Thomas Fairfax, at the above-mentioned B 3 Rendezvous i'i k« PREFACE. U Rendezvous at Cor Ar-ftMiA-F/e/rf near Ware, on the 15th of November, 1647, and who had not adopted these new Political opinions in favour of Republican Govern- ment, they seem to have carried their wishes of refor- thf only refortni in mation of the late exorbitant abuses of the regal authority \be Monarchical Go- i i • v i r r vernmentof England no farther than to correct the old monarchical torm oj that were desired by ^ , , » « j. • r u • • General Fairfax, and Government by the Addition of such provisions as who'^wntiiued obe^. should make it impossible for the king to govern the dienttohuorden. nation without the concurrence of the Parliament, as king Charles had done for ten years together befoK the Civil War began ; and for that purpose, to require that the times of the meeting of d these Grovem- >f refor- luthority form of sions as ivem the nent, as efoiR the lire that lould be ns of the nade for IS of the members near as who are )nstrance * to the herein of these s Army es to the of the tore than Law of irliament the Sd, !Cond in the \ the 36th year, of his reign) enacting, ** That a Parlia' meni shall be holden once in every year ; or more oJ)en, if need shall be," And these acts of Parliament have never been repealed. Nor were these annual Parliaments merely different Sessions of the same Parliament holden by repeated Prorogations of it by the king to a distant day at the end of several weeks (as is now the practice,) but they were summoned by new writs of Election ; as, I have be/en well assured, appears by the records of the Par- liament in the remaining l4 years of the reign of king Edward the ild, and in the first 20 years of the reign of his immediate Successor, king Richard the 2nd; in Vvhich records several instances occur of two Parliaments, and some few instances of more than two Parliaments, having been summoned by separate writs of Election, to meet the king for the t' ansaction of publick business, in the course of a single year.* And this moderate reformation of the English Oovernment, which is recommended by General Fairfax and his Army in the Remonstrance above-recited, is probably that which would have taken place, if the Par- liament (of which the greater part were attached to the old form of the English Government, by a king acting, in Legislative matters, in conjunction with the two * See upon this subject of " Statutes ordaininfl; that a new Par- " liament shall be holden in England once, or more often, in every "year," along note in pages 13S, 133, 134, and 135 of the new Edition of the Three tracts, intitlcd Ludlow i Letters, published in the year 1812, aud sold hj Mr. White, bookselUr, in Fleet Street, and now by Mr. Bickerstaf!', booksaller, in the Strand, near Ebsox Strwt. 1 4 Houses ' • ^'. isxti PftEFAC£. Houses of Parliament, ) had not been interrupted and opposed by the violent and republican part of the Army in their endeavours to put an end to the burthens and confusion arising from the war, by restoring the king to the exercise of his royal authority upon such condi- tions as should be both honourable to the king, and safe and beneficial to the people. But, between the king's obstinacy on the one hand, in refusing the se- veral moderate proposals that had been repeatedly made to him for his restoration to the exercise of his royal authority ; and the violence of the republican party in the Army, on the other ;— the Nation continued in a state of turbulence and confusion for more than twelve years after the above>mentioned Rendezvous of the Army, namely, till the month of May, 1660« when, by the unanimous vote of a new House of Commons, the old form of Government was restored by admitting king Charles the Second to the Throne, without a previous treaty with him; upon which vote of the said new House of Commons, the members of the House of Lords resumed their seats, and acted again as the upper house of Parliament, as they had done before, until their violent suppression and abolition by the vote of the minority of the House of Commons, who were per- mitted by the Army to continue sitting there, a few weeks before the death of King Charles the ]8t. And, upon this vote of that newly-elected House of Com- mons, for rerdiugly And, tingdon refused y, been >n their of the Mres in 6th of army's onsent to / to them, for the sake of avoiding the miseries of another civil war. And from that time, if I understand Major Huntingdon's narrative rightly, the neglect of the army in not carrying those proposals into execution, was owing to some shuflBing and double-dealing on the part of Cromwell. But, I confess, I cannot distinctly under- stand this -part of the Major's narrative, so as to make it agree exactly with the more clear and easy account given of the same transaction in Sir John Berkley's Memoirs. But in the latter part of this narrative, from the be- ginning of the last paragraph of page 405, to the end of the tract. Major Huntingdon recites very clearly and po- sitively, so many instances of the changes of the Poli- tical principles and designs adopted by Cromwell at different times in the course of only the single year 1647* and of his desire to see violent and cruel mea- sures employed against the Citizens of London to reduce them to a compleiat subjection to the Army, and of the loose maxims of conduct, both in publick and in private life, that were openly professed by him upon various occasions, and acted-upon when his interest required it, that, whatever might be the nature of his religious opinions, their influence upon him must be allowed to have been insufficient to controul the suggestions of his Ambition and ensure the morality of his conduct in matters relating to the settlement of the Oovemment. For in these he used to declare it to be his opinion, (as Major Huntingdon informs us in page 40G of this vo- lume,) " That it is lawful for a man to pass through any " forms of Government for the "accomplishing his ends: *' And therefore. That either to purge the Houses, and support Invi PREFACE. "support the remaining party, everlastingl) £ ""••' c? put ** a period to them by force; is very lawful^ aJi* vi'able " to the Interest oi honest men." Of the Seventh tract io this Collection. 1^ 1 i The nextj or Seventh, tract In this Collection is inti- tled, Short Memoiials of Thomas^ Lord Fairfax ^ written III himself. These Memorials were not printed till tlie year 1699, twenty seven years after the death of their illustrious author, who died. in the year 16**!, eleven years after the Restoration of king Charles the 2nd; to which happy event he had greatly contributed by assist- ii^ General Monk to march with his little Army from Scotland to London; whereby he was enabled to restore the Commonweahh-parliamcnt to their authority, which Qeneral Lambert (m imitation of the treacherous and rebellious conduct of Oliver Cromwell in April 1653,) had dissolved by Military force in October, )6.39. For, by means of that restoration of the Parliament to their authority. General Monk was enabled, by a series of judi- cious measures grounded on it, to procure a new and full Parliament to be elected, who speedily and unanimously passed a vote for recalling the king to the throne of his fether, with the old and favourite form of English Go- vernment by a kmg and two houses of Parliament. These Memorials of Lord Fairfax are preceeded by a dedication of them by Mr. Bryan Fairfax, the publisher of them, to Thomas Lord Fairfax, who was the heir of the General's title, at the time of their publication, in the year k699; in which he gives an account of the reasons that induced him to publish them> and concludes it with a PKEFACEk Ixxtil 10 puf. a just encondum on the virtues of their illustrious author. These Memorials are Txrritten in a clear and easy style, and with great simplicity and modesty, so that it seems almost impossible to doubt of the truth of the military actions related in thern^ But whit the noble author seems most anxious to impress upon the minds of his readers, is his utter abhorrence of all the acts of violence that were committed by the Army against the king's per- son and against the authority of the Parliament ; which acts he imputes to those persons, (that is, Cromwell and Ireton, and their partisans,) who encouraged the Soldiers CO elect a Council of Agitators to debate on measures of Government in opposition both to their superiour officers of the Army, and to the authority of Parliament. His defence of himself agsdnst the charge, or suspicion, of having been a partaker of the guilt of the Army in all these violent proceedings, from the meeting of the Army on Triplow Heath, on the 11th day of June, 1647, when the Army chose the jigitators, to the trial and death of the king, is contained in the second part of the Memorials, and extends from page 444, line 1 ith, be- ginning with these words: ** This Mercy was soon ** clouded with abominable hypocrisy and deceit^ &c,*' to the end of the Tract, in page 451. In these pages he pleads very ably in support of bis own innocence of these charges. And I must own I am inclined to find him not guilty of them, and rather believe that he did make use of his authority, as General of the Army, to pre- vent these acts of violence on several occasions, but found it CO be insufficient for that purpose. The i hxTiii , PREFACE. Of the Eighth tract The next, or Eighth, tract in this Collection is a va^ m the pietent Col- ° kcton, or Mr. luable work of Mr. Thomas Hobbes, of Malmsbury, the Hobbes's History of the Civil War. celebrated English Philosopher, who was bom in April, 1588, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and died in the year 1679, in the 90th year of his age, and therefore was an eye-witness of most of the transactions of the two reigns of king James the 1st, and king Charles the 1st, and the following Interregnum of twelve years to the restoration of king Charles the 2nd, and of the foU <» lowing seventeen or eighteen years of his reign. This work is of considerable length, extending from page 457 to page 653. or almost 200 pages of this vo- lume. He has given it the odd name of Behemoth, which signifies in the Hebrew language an Elephant, seeming to think that the civil dissentions of such a nu- merous and powerful people, as the English nation, might be justly compared to the wild and formidable motions of that enormous animal when provoked. The full title of it as follows :—BeA/mo/A ; The History of the Causes of the Civil Wars of England^ and oj the Counsels and Artifices by which they were carriedon, from the year J 640, to the year J 660. By Thomas Hobbes, of Mulmsbury, It is written in a very clear and lively style, and con- tains a great deal of curious historical matter, concerning the rise and gradual increase of the Pope's power over Temporal Princes ; —-the Prohibition of marriage in Se- cular Priests;— the doctrine of Transubstantiation ;•* the Institution of Auricular Confession to a Priest ;•— the Institution of Orders of Preaching Fnars; — and the Institution of Universities and Schools of Disputation ; —(all -4 PREFACE. Ixiix ! —-(all which Institutions, he observes, had a tendency to increase the Power ot the Pope, and were made for that purpose,) which is set-forth in pages 467,408, &c. to page 472. And much other interesting matter, concerning the sentiments of the Presbyterian ministers, the Papists, the Independants, and other Sectaries ; the pretensions made by them to Spiritual Power ; — and the nature of Here- ^es, and the history of them;— is clearly and justly de- scribed in another part of it ; over and above the nar- ration of the several events of the Civil war itself, which I believe to be faithful and exact in point of fact, though with a different judgement of Mr. Hobbes as to the moral merit of the persons concerned in producing them, from that which, I presume, will be formed by many of the readers of this history at this day ; which diffierence of Judgement between Mr. Hobbes and the present rea- ders of this work will be a necessary consequence from Mr. Hobbes's having entertained two very important opinions concerning the nature of Civil Government in General, and of the Monarch'cal Government of Eng- land in particular, which in the present age are thought, by almost every Englishman who has paid any atten- tion to the subject, to be exceedingly erroneous. For the statement of these two opinions, and what I have to observe concerning them, and concerning this work of Mr. Hobbes in general, I refer the reader to some re- marks I hftve made upon them, which are printed in this volume at the end of this work of Mr. Hobbes, in pages 657, 6^8, 659, 660, &c.— 67 1 . The next, or Ninth, tract in this Collection is a short or the Ninth tmct (n thii Collection. tract, tiix PREFACE. tract, published about 'he iOth of July, I659,wh6hth« Commonwealth-Parliament of England, (which had been forcibly dissolved by Oliver Cromwell on the 20th of April, 1655,) had been restored to it's authority by the Army, on the 7th of May, i659. It is intitled, The Interest of England Stated: or a faitVful andjuU Ac- count of the AiTns of all Parties now Pretending. It takes-up only 19 pages of the present volume, beginning in page 67 5, and ending in page 694. The author's name is not mentioned: but it is generallv supposed to have been written by the Rev. Mr, John Fell, who was af- terwards the celebrated Dean of Christ-church College in Oxford, aud likewise Bishop of Oxford See the Bio^raphia Britanmca in the article John Fell. - The Author supposes the people of England to be divided into the seven following Parties, to wit, The Boman-CatholichSf The Roijalists, The Presbylerianti The Anabaptists, The Army. The late Protector's party, and the Party of the thei subsisting Parliament; and he sets forth the aims of these several Parties, and their effects in respect of iht msi Ives, of one another ^ and of the Puhtich : Which he represents as clearly evidencing the unavoidable ruin that must fall upun all of them from a longer continuance of their contest: and he finally offers them an Expedient for the Compoaure of their respective Differences, and for the security and advantage^ not only of every single Interest, but which he oonfiilently asserts to be si'llicient to bring the whole Ndtionj without thv: least deUy, into a solid and lasting State of Peace. And the Expedient which he proposes to the I^ation to effect this most important purpose. I' I PREFACE. Ixxxl iS " to recall Charles y prince of fVales, the eldest son of the late king Charles the First, from his long exile, and place him on the throne of his father.** • r It is a most able and persuasive discourse, and may well be supposed to have contributed greatly to prepare the minds of the people of England for that great event, which was brought to pass in the following year, 1660, by the prudent and judicious management of General Monk, — the Restoration of the Limited Monarchy of England in the person of King Charles the Second. ■ TT* _ Trtct in this ColIeC' K.>"g tion. II The Tenth, and last Tract in this Collection, is Dr. The loth, and lasf, John Price's History of the Restoration of Charles the Second to the Crown of England in the year 1660) which put a lasting conclusion to the pre- cceding Civil Wars of England. The title of it is as follows: ' . The Mytitrjf and Method of His Majesty s Happy Restoration, /aid-open to public vieiv, By JOHN PRICE, D.D. One of the Duk of Allemarle's Chaplai/r^ -u^h' i:\i^f^iKrj i» till the secret Passages and particularities of tiiai glcnout Revolution, London : Printed for John Fade, at the Cod or* J Si^gar-Loaf, mar Ht.Dunstau's Church, in Fleet iitipe*, 1680. This History of that important E/cnt has been generally considered as the most authentick and exa:t Account of it that has ever been published, and . .-e- fore seems to be well worthy to be rc-printed at the f end . \ Ixzxii PREFACE. end of this Collection of original Tracts relating to the preceeding Civil Wars in England, written by con- temporary Authors ; more especially as I believe the copies of it are now grown scarce, not having ever niet with any copy of it of a later date than the copy of the year 1680, from which it is here rc-printed. It ex- tends (including the Dedication of it to John, Earl of Bath, who was formerly Sir John Greenvile, and a co- adjutor of General Monk in the great work of the Re- storation, ) from page 697 to page 800, which compleats the whole collection of Tracts now presented to the Publick. FRANCIS MASERES. 'j-^« Inner Temple, August 14, 1815. End of the Preface to this Volume of Political Tractt, N.n. As this Collection of Tracts seems rather too large to be conveniently hound-up in one lolume, I would recommend it to the purclmers of it to biud it up in two Volumes, calling the frst Volume Part Ut, and the second folume, (which should begin tilth Mr.Uobbc^'s Tract, called BehemothJ Part 2nd. ^ Rep] BREVIARY or THt * HISTORY or THE PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND. "^?s EXPRESSED IN THREE PARTS'. ,('<• 1. The Causes and Begioniog of the Civil War of Eogland. 9. A short Mention of the Progress of that Civil War. 3. A compenrlious Relation of the Original and Progr«st of Iht Second Civil War. . ^ ^ : *'. First written in Latin, and after done into Engliib, By THOMAS MAY, Esq. Reprinted from the First Edition, which wai printed at London hy J. CoTTRSL, for Thomas BaewiTia, at the Three Bibles, near the West-end ci Paul's^ m the year 1064 } By RoBBXT WiLKS, Printer, in CbanceryLan*, London, in Iha Year 1813. I, ■lis 0::- ^ « . »' «ii;.' Jta}« IQ, 1650. IMPRIMATUR: NA. BRENT. -,i^ THB CAUSES AND BEGINNINGS or THE V - ' CIVIL WAR OF ENGLAND. ■< Of the Parliament of England, aftd beginning of that sad War, which for so many years raged withyi the bowells of a distressed Kingdom, whosoerer will write, though never so briefly, must of necessity premise some- what touching the causes (according to the state of the affairs and times) of assembling that Parliament. And, though the condition of Scotland and Ireland were, during\ that time, no whit happier, (which, being subject to the same King, were exposed to the same ca- lamity,) our discourse especially shall be of England^ as the noblest Kingdom, and the Royal seat ; from whence the distemper might first arise, and be derived to the rest : and, wonderful it may seem, how givat the distemper of that Government was, which ingendered so great a I disease ! how great the malignity of that disease, to which I a Parliament was not a''suflicient Medicine. Forty years old was King Charles^ and fifteen years 'had he reigned, when this Parliament was called: so llong had the Laws been violated, ( more than under any ■King,) the Liberties of the people invaded, and the ;vu- Ithority of Parliament, by which Laws and Liberties are supported, trodden under foot ; which had, by degrees, luch discontented the EnglUk Nation. For the King, within the first four years of his Reign, |had called three Parliaments, and soon dissolved them ill, before they could «ny-way b^efit the Common- B 2 wealth, From (lie beginninj cf King Charles's -cigu in the year ]Qi% to the Meeting of the Parliament in November, l6to, the Laws and Liberties of the People of En- if land had ueen cun- iinually \iolatcd by the Kioij;. ! !! 4 The Causes and beginnings of wealth, or redress the least grievance of the People. In the second, indeed, he granted and signed the Petition of ^i^A/; but,suddenly breaking-upthat Parliament, heacted the same things, in violation of the Laws» vrhich he had done before. So that it was manifest that the People*s Liberties, by the grant of that Petition, were not fortified, but utterly overthrown ; and it appeared, that neither the Laws themselves could give protection, nor the King's Faith become a security, to the People. After the (Us- solution of the third Parliament, men were forbidden ''-•■' by Proclamation, to speak any more of Parliaments. In this interval, the people at home were fleeced by Mono- polies, and many ways exacted-upon by illegal taxes. Abroad, scarce any negotiations were made, but such ■^ ^ as were destructive to Religion and the Commonwealth. ' > In the beginning of his Reign an unhappy and dlshon- oural)|e Expedition was made against the Spaniard, to <^ Or Cadiz. surprise Cales*; another more sad than that, against the French, in the following year, atjhe Isle oi Rhee ; but , what, of all others, was most destructive to the Protestant -" Religion, was that King Charles, not long before that I time, had lent a strong navy to the King of France tj by whose force, the Protestant slaps through all France . » . were vanquished and scattered, and the miserable town oiRocheUe subdued by Famine, the worst of all Enemies. The King, in the mean time, by many illegal ways, raised money through England : great sums he borrowed % of the unwilling people, by privy Seals; and Ship-money, the greatest of all taxes, was levied upon them. Nor was there any remedy left: for the Judges, by altering a clause in their Patents, were enforced to serve the King's will. Though the Kingdom's liberties were thus oppressed, yet In the year 1637 the peace continued; and England seemed happy in that Scou™?um?oa! tranquillity; until the fatal Coal, which afterwards was dopt a new Pubiick blown into SO great a fire through the three Kingdoms, Liturgy, or Book of began to be kindled in the year 1637, by a design which tiifiiChurti.es.with- t'^e Kmghau upon dcolland ; which was (as pretended) out their coujcnt. to make a conformity of Church worship, and Ecclesi- t In July, 1C23, four montlis after hi accession to the Throne. See • distinct account of thi« odioui mcasuic in Ludlow's Letters, in quaito (that have been lately repriulcd,) pages 7 and 8. • . , astical the Civil War of England* m astical government, between the two Kingdoms of Eng* land and Scotland. The digtiity and pomp of Prelacy had been much of late promoted in England: in pursuance whereof many temporal offices and Honours were con- ferred upon persons Ecclesiastical, many Ceremonies and Innovations were brought into the Church, and too hear approaches were made in some points of Doctrine to the Romish Church, and a great contempt was thrown upon the other reformed Churches in Europe : Popery seemed to be much countenanced in the Court ; and, by reason of the Queen's great power with the King, several Nuntios from the Pope, as Panzani^ Conn, and Rosettiy had been received with great honour in the Court of England, The King had made great preparations for that work in Scotland, zndi bestowed many temporal offices and dignities upon Bishops in that Kingdom. In particular, eleven of the Scottish Bishops (being in all but 14,) were made privyCounsellors. But this displeased the Scots, to whom Episcopacy itself was not acceptable ; and, having been once thrown out of that kingdom, was not restored but by great endeavour and policy of King James^ A book of Liturgy was sent by the King into Scotland in the year 1637, with an express command, that they should read it publickly in their Churches. The Scots complained, that a thing of so sreat concernment, having not been allowed by their Church in a National Synod, should be imposed upon them } they complained likewise that it was not the same with the book of Eng' landf but alterations were made : some of them, (they confessed,) were for the better, but more for the worse : Lastly, they affirmed, that wheresoever that book varies from the English Liturgy, it approaches directly to the Roman Missal, and all the parts of Popery are there : but the King seemed to excuse those alterations in his great Declaration. These are his words, (which were not satisfactory to the Scots.) IVe, supposing that tbcy might have taken some offence ^ tf we shoulJ have tendered them the English B 3 Service The CbMa and BeginniM^a of w The Scots at Edin- burgh resist the reading of the new Common-prayer Book in a tumultu- ous manner. Mfe' Service Book^ totidem verbis ; Undthat so^ne factious spirits would have endeavoured to bav^ miscoti' struedit as a badge of dependancy of that Church upon this of England, whtch we bad put upon them to the prejudice of their Laws and lAberties ; We held it fitter, that a new Book should he composed by their own Bishops^ in substance not dijfering from that of England, that so the Roman party might not upbraid us with any weighty or material differ-* ences in our Liturgies ; and yet in some few insen* sible alterations dtffering from that, it might truly and justly he reputed a Book of that Churche's own composing, and established by Our Royal authority , as King of Sco\.\2inA, . ' This Book of Liturgy was read, as the King com- manded, in the great Church at Edenburgh ; but not without a great uproar, in which the Bishop that read it, hardly escaped : the Plebeians first stirred ; but pre- sently after the Nobility and Ministers publickly avowed their detestation of that Book. Some persons therefore were sent to the King, to intreat him that he would recall his command concerning it. But the King was immoveable, and sent another pe- remptory command for reading of the Book ; and that all people who came as Petitioners against it, should depart from Edenburgh : which did but increase the number of Periiioners, who intreated the Council once more to send to the King concerning it. In the mean time they much accused their Bishops, as the causers of this Innovation, The King commanded his Council to receive no more Petitions from them, and sent the Earl of Traquare into Scotland with a Proclamation, which was published at Slerlin, wherein he declared, That the Bishops were wrongfully accused about the Praj)er-Book\ — that he him- self was the Author of it, and all done by his Command : he condemned their proceedings as tumultuous, and de- nounced the punishment of high Treason to those who persisted. Against this Proclamation the Lords of the Commis- sion the Civil War of England, \_ ■«»,, 8ion protested ; and so did the Ministers, and others^ justifying their assembly to be lawful, as tendine to God's glory, the King's honour, and the liberty en the Nation. Immediately after they entered into a Solemn Covenant for defence of their Religion and Liberties : This Covenant was subscribed not only by the Nobles, but all sorts of men ; so that their number within few months amount to many thousands. The King, enraged, did, by many messengers, condemn that Covenant; but the Scots defended it : what was alledged on both sides is more largely expressed in the Book, einituledTktmulttisScotici, In June the Marquess Hamiltony as Commissioner from the King, came to Edenburgh ; who in vain dealt with the Covenanters to renounce their Covenant, but published a Proclamation of the King's, ^herein he for- bears to press the reading that Prayer-^ upon them, and resolved to call both a Parliament and Synod. But the Covenanters in their Protestation, declare that the King's grants were not large enough to cure their present distempers, and ofier some particular exceptions ; and so great grew the differences, and altercations upon several points, that the Marquess Hamilton was enforced that year to make two journies into England to the King, and, at last, by the King's command, called a National Synod ; which accordingly began at Glasgow, November 1. But, within seven days, the Marquess dissolved that Synod, alledging for reasons, that they had broken the Laws of a free Synod, both in the manner of their Elections, and in other businesses during their sitting. But they protested a;;ainst that dissolution, and continued their Synod, after that the Marquess was gone-away; and proceeded in such Laws and decrees as they judged fit. for the present Srate, after which they dissolved the Synod, and published a declaration from Edenburgh, to all sincere and good Christians in England, concerR- ing their innocency and intentions. The King, after a sharp Proclamation against the Scots, which he commanded to be read in all English Churches, raised an Army to subdue them by force, in which the Nobles, and all Gentlemen, his servants, were commanded to attend him at York the first of jifprily B 4 with The Scots of all ranks enter into a Solemn Covenant for the Defence of their Re^ ligion and Liberties. The Kingcalls a Na- tional Synod of the Clergy of Scotland, which meets at Glasgow on the 1st of November, i698. The King raises an English Army to subdue his Scottish Subjects bv force j which is to be assem- bled at York on the 1st. of April, 1639. A^o. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I _|1 |25 Ui U2 12.2 2f 144 ■" 1 U£ 12.0 hi Ui& II ^^s IIII9E IIIIIhi ^ 6" .. Photographic Sciences Corporation 13 MltT MAIN STRUT WIMTIR.N.Y. I4SM (n*)l73-4S09 Tbe CoTeninting Lords of Scotland •iniie.an Army for their own defence. A Pteification takei place between the English and Scottish Armies on the 1 8th of June, 16S9, and both tbe Armies are disbmaded. The King, «ome months after, at London, disavows the Pacification, and resolves to makeWar uponthiScots again. Ant], in December liiSOt l>c declares it to be his rrsnliition to rail a Pail ainent io Eogluud to meet 1%< Ctnuu and Beginmnp of Willi Hone and Arms suitable to their degree ; the Earl of jfrundel vi» made General, and a rich and well-ap- pointed Army at that time and place attended the King* Bot the people of Engiand m general abhorred that «ndted wai', as a deagn to enshive both Nations, and loved the Scots, as brethren that were persecuted by the same power which had long oppressed themselves : they likewise hoped that such an occasion might necessitate the King to call a Parliament in iSn^lanit/, which had been so long wanted there : but the I^ng, while he could make any other shift, (how low soever and dishonour- able,) would not endure to thmk of a Parliament. The Covenanting Lords of Scotland published a Re- monstrance in answer to the King's Prockimation, and wisely provided against all invasions that might be made upon them on any ade ; they seized the considerable Forts, and disarmed all suspected persons without any great trouble, electing Bat Alexander Leslu, an old soldier, for their General, to whom all the Noblemen were con- tent to give obedience ; at which thne the King com- manded the Parliament of Scotland to dissolve, and his command was obeyed. But the threatened War did not proceed ; it pleased God that, by the happy mediation of some honest Lords of both Nations, and upon a conference granted, a Pacification was made and solemnly declared on the 18th of June 16S9, and both Armies were disbanded within eight-and-fony hours. The King granted to the Scots a National Synod, to begin upon the 1st of August following, and a Parliament to begin pn the 24th day of the same month, so that both si& peaceably retreated home. But when the Kfaig had been but a little time at Lon- don, tk heart was again estranged from the Scots, and thoniriits of peace ; He commanded, by Proclamation, that Paper which the Scots avowed to contain the true conditions of the pacifiieation, to be disavowed, and burnt by the hands of the Hangman ; and the honest people of both Nations began to fear another Wir. The King, about the beginning of December, told the Lords of his Council, that he iuLendcd to call a Parliament in England, tJie Civil War of England, England, to begm in ^pril foUoviag, which being spread among thepeo^e, made them almost amazed: so strange a tlung was the name of a Parliament grown. But ra- tional men did not like that it should be deferred so long, and that preparations for a War with Scotland 'Went-on in the mean time. They were likewise troubled that the Earl of Stra^fftfrd, Deputy of Ireland, (a man o£ deep policy, but suspected honesty, one whom the King then used as a bosom-Counsellor,) was first to go into Ireland and call a Parliament in that Kingdonu And besides, the King at that time had broken-up the Parlia* ment in ScotlandyvtYach the Scots complained of, (the bu- siness of State in it being sdll depending,) as a great breach of their Liberties, and against the Laws of that Kingdom. Upon which they sent some Lords into England, to entreat the King to grant them a redress of such injuries as they had received since the Pacification. Which were, that their Parliament was broken«ofF, before any business done; xYax Edenburgh Castle was garrisoned with far more soldiers than were needful ; that Dun- Briton Castle was Garrisoned with English soldiers; that the Scots, that traded in England and Ireland, were enforced to take new Oaths, contrary to their Co- venant, and altogether contrary to the Articles of paci- fication. The King imprisoned those Lonls, sending one' of them, the Earl of Louden, to the Tower, and com- manded a charge of Treason to be drawn-up against him, concerning a letter which the Scottish Covenanters had written to the King of France for his assistance, and which Lowden had subscribed. But the accusation was frivolous, easily answered, and came to nothing ; because those letters were not sent at all ; and, besides^ it was before the pacification, by which an oblivion of all things was agreed upon ; although the King at the beginning of the English Parliament produced that Letter against them, as aground of his second War. For now on the thirteenth of Aijril, the Parliament of England was begun ; before which time the Earl of Strafford was returned out of Ireland, where he had held a Parliament, and gotten four Subsidies. i'Uc Kiiig was very urgent with his Parliament to give money in April ie40;wliere> by oe hoped to be lupplied with Mo- ney to ctrry-on the the new War agsintt ScoUaad. The EngliKh Parlia* ment meets at VVeit* niinijer on the ISth of A|Jiil, 1640. 10 But the King dii- solves itiuddenly on the 5th of May, 1640. The Cavmand Beginnings of money to enable him for a War against Scotland, and pay that Army and Officers which he had already raised ; he demanded twelve Subsidies of them, for which he promised to release Ship-money ; he promised them that n^ would afterwards redress the Kingdom's grievances, but desired money in the first place to go-on wSth his dedgned War. It was answered by many Members of the House in several Speeches, that redress of Grievances was the chief end of PSurliaments, and should go before Subsidies:— That the King asked a great 8i.m of money for releasing of that which he had no title to hold, but had laken illegally by power. — ^That the people had no reason to pay for a War which they deared not, but abhorred ; a War, not for their good, but for their own ruin ; and that nothing was so just as to punish the contrivers of that wicked war. But so strange was the obedience and compliance of that Parliament towards the King, that, although the mo- ney which he asked-for was against themselves, yet they took the Subsidies into consideration. But, while they were debating, the King, (whatsoever his reasons were, whether he thought it a delay or not,) came into the House on the ^th of A/ay, and dissolved the Parliament. The people were grieved in an extraordinary manner to eee this Parliament so suddenly broken-up, and as much, to see the King break iiis word so immediately upon the dissolution ot it : for he protested in the House at that time, that he would rule, for the future, as legally as if a Parliament were constantly sitting ; Yet, nevertheless, he imprisoned some Membei-s the very next day after, Mr. Belosisy Sir John Holham^ and Mr. Crew ; he com- manded the Lord lirooks his Study, his Cabinet, and pockets, to be searched for letters. He commanded the Convocation of Divines to continue their sitting, (an un- exampled thing,) who, by authority from him, made Canons, and impos.'d Oaths upon the people, contrary to their Laws and Liberties. The King, to defray the charges of this War, besides the Contribution of the Clergy and Papists, issucd-out again Writs of Sh p-money in u greater proportion than before ; li cot/and, and ready raised ; or which he ed them that } grievances, -on with his he House in WZ8 the chief Subsidies :~> For releasing had taken to reason to abhorred ; a i; and that r^n of that mpliance of igh the mo- !s, yet they while they isons were, e into the 'arliament. manner to i as much, f upon the use at that ally as if a theless, he after, Mr. he com- >inet, and anded the ?, (an un- m, made antrary to besides ssued-out tion than before j the Civil IVar of England, before ; he seized the Bullion in the Tower, and took-up commodities to be sold again at an under-rate ; and con- sulted about coining of biass money } but that went not forward. But the War went-on ; the Earl of Strqfford com- manding in chief, the Earl of J^orthumberland not being in health, who had been a''*v>inted General. But the Scots had not been backward: for, havmg been debarred of their trade, and lost their ships by seisure, they en- tered into Enf^land with an Army, expressing their in- tentions in writing to the English People, and bringing with them a Petition to the King, But the King in this War found a greater want than that of money : which was that of the hearts of the soldiers ; especially of the common soldiers, who could not be easily brought to engage against the Scots, as hating the cause; many of them mutinying against their officers and com- manders ; which might be one cause that the war proved not so bloody and fatal as it was designed to be. Some «kirmishes, but not very considerable, happened at New- bum, and at Dunsian, not far from Beitaick, Thus proceeded this unhappy business, until some English Peers, Earls, and Barons, about twenty, grieved at the dishonour which England suffered by the un- happy actions of the King, made a Petition to him, de- claring in some part their former sufferings by illegal Government, the dissolution of the last and otiier Par- liaments, the miserable condition of the Kingdom at present, the sad consequence of this wicked war ; desiring him to summon a Parliament, within some convenient time, where the Kingdom's grievances may be redressed, this War composed, and the authors of these wicked counsels punished. Upon this Petition, the King caused all the Lords to meet at York on the 24th of September, and there told them his intention of calling a Parliament with all pos- sible speed} which was to begin on the 3rd of November. It ¥ras there also consulttd and debated, how to end this War upon fair terms, and after some time spent be- tween Lords chosen out of boti: Nations, the matter was compQiicd according to these Articles* 1. A Truce 11 Tbe King renewi the War againit the Scots. The Scots enter England with an Ar- my. Several of the most Eowerful English eers petition the King to call another Parliament. -> . « The King holds an Aiisembly of ail the Lords at York on the 98th of September. 1640. An Armistirc is a. grecd-iipon ()etwfen tlic Scf^ttisI) uiiU Kn- ijlivli Arniits. It 7%e Caum and Beginningt of 1. A Truce or cessation of Arms was made for two months till the 16th of December* 2. That 850 /. a day should be paid to the Scots duringthat Truce. 8. That if it were not paid, the Scots might force it from the Counties of Northumberland, Cumberlandj Westmoreland, znd Durham* 4. That those Counties should be allowed the Scots for their Winter-quarters. 5. No new preparations for War to be made. 6. That private injuries should not break the Truce, 80 satisfaction were m^de upon complaint. 7. That Merchants might freely traffic in «ther King- doms, without letters of safe*conduct ; but soldiers without leave might not pass their limits. Thus was the state of things altered, and that War, which was intended for an enslavement of both Nations, became the bond of concord between them, and the The King conients happy cause which necessitated the King to call a Parh'a- fiSitTEnglMd.' «»ent in England i whereby their just liberties might, by the blessing of God, be vindicated, and more ascertained for the future^ great was the expectation of this English Parliament, on which the hopes of the people were wholly fixed, as a certain cujre ot all their lohg sufferings j to which they thought the King, (having so much trans- gressed,) could not deny any thing, or make the least opposition. That was the cause for which they extremely loved the Scots, as the instruments of that happiness to them, lirho, by resisting the King's intrusions upon themselves, had enforced him to this visible means of a cure for England, which made the j^ing more hate the Scots, aa the stoppers of hb general design ; which hatred he could not conceal in nis first Speech that he made in A ntw Parliiment this Parliament i in which, promising all favour and •tw^n"the ?rfif' Concurrence to any thing that might procure the happi- Kovmber, kmk ness of England, and promising to put himself freely and wholly upon the love and affections of his English subjects in this Parliament, he inveighed against the Scots as Rebels, and dcSired that by force of Arms they might be chasedr •ecuring a meeting ofParliamciit at least once in every Three leais, February 15, iCiO-il. The Causes and Beginnings of V entered Into a recognisance of thirty thousand pounds to appear, with three sureties bound each of them in obligations^f ten thousand pounds. Sir Francis Winde- banky principal Secretary of State, a man nearly in friend- ship with Laud the Archbishop, who was thought to be a means of his preferment, was about that time accused of extraordinary connivance toward Popish 'Priests, or rather of favour to them ; and that, contrary to tKe Laws in force ag^st them, he had bailed and released a great number; a Committee was appointed to examine his offence, byt he, conscious of the crime, objected, and fearing the consequence, about the beginning of Decem- ber, fled in a disguise, and went into France, Imuiedi- ately after his flight, the Lord Keeper Finch was con- strained to take the same course, and fled out of the Kingdom into Holland ; the crimes objected against him were of a various nature. The first, committed when he was Speaker of Parllan ment in the House of Commons, in the fourth year of King Charles \ which was, for that he disobeyed the house, in refusing to speak when he was commanded by them. ^ 2. The second crime was for giving illegal and cruel judgments in the Forest business, when he was Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. S. The third was for threatening of some of the Judges at that time, to give their extrajudicial opinions for Ship>money. The last was, for drawing an injurious Declaration, after the dissolution of the last Parliament ; for which oflfences he was voted by the House of Commons guilty of High Treason ; a Charge drawn-up against him, and carried-up to the I^rds upon the 14th oi January, three weeks after his flight. Upon the 15th of February, 1640, a Bill for the Triennial Parliament was presented to the King, and by him signed ; which Bill was in this nature, that the Lord Keeper, and Chancellor of the Dutchy, if the King did not at those times, should issue forth Writs every third year, for calling of the Parliament, and the Penalty of losing their places upon default, was imposed on them i^which Act being of such great im« portauce the Civil War of England. portdnce to the security of the-peoples Liberties by Par- liaments ; take the substance thereof as followeth. 15 it " Be it Enacted, that in case there be not a Parliament The substance of summoned by Writ under the Great Seal of England, and "aid BiU% " assembled and held before the tenth day of September, *' which shall be in the third year next after the last day of *' the Jast meeting and sitting hi this present Parliament, " the beginning of the first year to be accompted from thtf ** said last day of the last meeting and sitting in Parliament, ' " and so from time to time, and in all times hereafter, ** if there shall not be a Parliament assembled and held he* " fore the tenth day of September, which shall be in the third " year next after the last day of the last meeting and sitting " m Parliament before that time assembled and held ; the " beginning of the first year to be accounted from the said , *' last day of the last meeting and sitting in Parliament : ' *' That then in every such case as aforesaid, the Parliament " shall assemble and be held in the usual place at Westminster, .' " in such manner, and by such means only as is hereafter " in this present act declared and enacted, and not other- '* wis^, on the second Monday which shall be in the month , ' " of November then next ensuing* And the Lord Chancel- " lor of England, and the Lord-keeper of the Great Seal of . - ** England, aud every Commissioner* and Commissioners for _ ^ . '' the keeping of the Great Seal of England for the time " being, shall, within six days after the said tenth day of " September, in every such third year as aforesaid, in due "form of Law, and without any further Warrant or Direc- '' tioD from his Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors, Seal, " issue-forth, and send-abroad, several and respective Writs " to the several and respective Sheriffs of the several and " respective Counties, Cities, and Boroughs of England and ' . " Wales, and to the Constable of the Castle of Dovef . Lord " Warden of the Cinque-ports, or his Lieutenant tot the ' ' " time being, and tathe Major and Bailiffs of Barwick-upoa- ^; "Tweed, and to all and every other Officers and Persons " to whom Writs have used to be directed, for the electinc '^ . " of the Knights, Citizens, Barons, and Burgesses, of, ana ^ * • •' " for the said Counties, Cities, Cinque-ports, and Boroughs . '~> " of England and Wales, respectively, in the the accustomed . . -' "form, to appear and serve in a Parliament to be held at West- J\ " minster on the said Monday, which shall be in November " aforesaid ; which said Knights, Citizens, Barons, and Burgesses chosen by vertue of the said Writs, shall then ... and there appear and serve in Parliament accordingly. '^ * And the said Lord Chancellor, Lord Keeper, Commission- er and Commissioners aforesaid, shall respectively take a ./ " solemn the -;v 11 w it ]6 ,1 The Cauui and Btginningi •/ '^soIfHin Oath upon the holy Evangelist for the due isstrin^ *' of Writs, according to the tenor of- this Act, viz. in " kete verba, ** ' Yott shall Swear, that you shall truly and faithfully issae- " forth aqd send-abroad all Writs of Summons to Parliament " for both Houses, at such time and in such manner as is *' expressed and enjoined by an Act of Parliament intituled, *' Ah Act for the j^recenting of [nconvemencia happening by f* the long intermimon of Parhament.' '** Which Oath is forthwith to betaken by the present ** Lord Keeper, and to be administered by the Clerk of the ** Crown to every Lord Chancellor, Lord Keeper, Commis- '* sioner and Commissioners aforesaid ; and that none of the *' said Officers shall henceforth execute any the said Offices '* before they have taken the said Oath. And, if the said " Lord Chancellor, Lord Keeper, oj any the said Commis- *' sioners shall fail, or forl^ear, so to issue-out the said Writs, " according to the true meaning of this Act, then he, or the^, '* respectively, shall, beside the incurring of the grievous sin *' of perjury, be disabled, and become, bv virtue of this Act, ** incapable, ipso facto, to bear his and . their said Offices " respectively, and be further liable to such punishments as *' shall be inflicted on him or them by the next, or any other * ** enduing, Parliament. " And in case they neglect, then the Peers of this Realnal ** shall, by virtue of this Act, be enabled, and are enjoined, to *' meet in the old Palace of Westminster, in, the usual place ** there, on the third Monday in the said Month of November; " and they, or any twelve, or more, of them, then and there *' assembled, sluill, on or before the last Monday of Novem- *' her, next following the tenth day of September. aforesaid, '* by virtue of this Act, without other Warrant, issue-out '* Writs in the usual form, in the name of the King's Miyes- *' ty. His Heirs, or Successors, attested under the hands and t " seals of twelve, or more, of the' said Peers^ to the several ^* and respective Sheriffs of the several and respective couur ** ties, for the electing of the Knights, Citi2ens,' Barons, " and Burgesses, to be and appear at the Parliament at West- "■ minster aforesaid, to be held on the third Monday in Ja- ' '' nuary then next following^: And in case the said Lords, "or twelve or more of . them, shall fail to issue-forth such " Writs, or ^at the said Writs do not come to the said *' several counties, cities, cihque-ports, and boroughs, so " that an election be not thereupon made; and in case there "be not a Parliament assembled and held before the three " and twentieth day of the said Month of January ; then, in '* every such case as aforesaid) the Parliament shall assemble, <«and it tt u the CivilJfar of England. " and be held iit the usual place at Westminster on the se- cond Tuesday which shall be in the month of Mftrch next after the said three and twentieth day of Jiinuary: A( which Parliament the Peers of this Realm shall make their apoearance. " Ana tor the better assembling of the Knights, Citizens, " Barons, and Burgesses to the said Parliament, as afore- " said : It is further Enacted, that the several and respective " SherifTs of their several and respective counties, cities, andi boroughs of England and Wales, and the Chancellor, Mas- " ters and Scholars of both and every of the Universities, and " the Major and Bailiffs of the Borough of Burwick upoa *' Tweed, shall, at the several courts, and places to be hel4 *' and appointed for their respective counties, universities, '' cities, and boroughs, next afier the said three and twenti- *' eth day of January, cause such Knight and Knights, Citi- " zen and Citizens, Burgess and Burgesses, of their said "counties, universities, cities, and boroughs respectively, ** to be chosen by such persons, and in such • manner, as if " several and respective Writs of summons to Parliament " under the Great Seal of England, had issued and been, " awarded. And in case they do not before ten of the clock " in the forenoon of the same day, wherein the several and respective courts and places shall be held or appointed, for their several and respective counties, universities, cities, and boroughs as aforesaid, begin and proceed-on accord- ing to the mt^aningof this I.a>v, in causing Elections to " be made of such Knight atid Knights, Citizen and Citizens, " Burgees and Burgesses, of their said counties, Universities, " cities, and boroughs, as aforesaid ; then the Freeholders of " each county, and the Masters and Scholars of every of the " Universities, and the citizens, and others having voices in " such Election respectively, in each University, city, and bo- " rough,' that shall be assembled at the said courts, or places, " to be held, or appointed, as aforesaid, shall fortliwith, " without further Warrant, or direction, proceed to the Election of such Knight, &c. " And it is further enacted, that the several and respective " Sheriffs shall, after the said three and twentieth day of Ja* " nuary, and before the eighth dfty of February, then imme- " diatcly next ensuing, award and send-forth their Preceps " to the several and respective cities and boroughs, within " their several counties, and likewise unto the said Cinque- ports respectively, commanding them respectively to make " choice of such Citizen and Citizens, Baron's, Burgess and " Burgesses, to serve in the said Parliament, at the time and " place aforesaid : Which said cities, cinque-ports, and bo- t; " rough* 17 It tt « (( ■X. ■\ ■^ ■ ! ' Hi 1! ,i!i 18 1 1* The Causes and Segmm»g$ of <' roughs respectively, shall hefore the last day of the said ** month of Fehruarj, make election of such citizen and citi- " zens, harons, hurgess or burgesses, as if Writs for sum- ** mbning of a Parliament under the Great Seal of England, " bad issued and been awarded. And in case no such pre- ** cept shall come unto the said cities, cinque-ports, and ** boroughs respectively, by the time herein limited; or in *' case any precept shall come^ and no election be made there- ** upon before tne said last day of February, that then the ** several citizens, burgesses, and other persons that ought - ** to elect and send citizens, barons, and burgesses to the *' Parliament, shall, on the first Tuesday in March, then next ** ensuing the said last day of February, make choice of such ** citizen and citizens, barons, burgess and bursesses, as if a " Writ of Summons, under di%Great Seal of England, had '' issued and been awarded; and shall, each of them, be liable '' unto such puns and censures, for his and their not ap- « pcaring and serving then and there in Parliament, as if he, ** or they, had been elected and chosen by virtue of a Writ ** under theOreatSealof England; and shall be likewise subject *' unto such further pains and censures, as by the rest of the '' Knights, citizens, and burgesses assembled in the Com- " mons House of Parliament, 8cc. And the Sheriffs and other ** Officers and Persons to whom it apperlaineth, shall make " returns, and accept and receive the returns of such elections *' in like man^r as if Writs of Summons had issued, and ** been executed as hath been used and accustomed. And ** on default of the Sheriffs and other Officers respectively in " not accepting, or making return of such elections, it shall ** and may be Tawful, to and for the several Freeholders and > *' other persons that have elected, to make returns of- the *' Knights, 8ic. which shall be as good and effectud to q,ll in- " tents and purposes, as if the Sheriff or other Officers, hail *' received a Writ of summons for a Parliament, aud had ** made such returns ; any Writ, Sic. to the contrary not- " withstanding. And in case any person shall be so hardy " as to advise, or put in execution, any such Writs, 8ic. then ** he, or they, so offending shall incur the penalties contained " in the Statute of Premunire, made in the l6tb year of Rich- ** ard the fid. and be deprived of the benefit of tho^iaw in « any case, 8u:. " And if any Sheriff, Constable of the Castle of Dover, or '' Lord- Warden of the Cinque-ports, shall not perform his " duty enjoined by this Act, then he shall lose and forfeit " the sum of one thousand pounds; aud every county, city, \/' cinque-ports, and borough, that shall not makeelectiou "of their knights, citizens, barOhs, and burgesses, respcc- h' **tiv«ljr the Civil War of England. 19 tt " lively, shall incur the penalties following (that is to say) " every County the sum of one thousand pounds^ and every " City which is no County, two hundred pounds, and every cinque-port and borouu;li the sum of one hundred pounds. " All and every of which several forfeitures, and all other *' forfeitures in this Act mentioned, shall and may be reco« " vered in any of the King's Courts of Record at Westmin- " ster, by and in the name of the Lord Major of the City of ** London for the time being, by action of Debt, Bill, Plaint, '' &c. wherein no Essoin, Protection, &c. shall be in any *' wise prayed, granted, or allowed. " And, if any person, after notice eiven, that the Action ''.depending is grounded, or prosecuted, upon or by vertue of " this Statute, shall cause or procure any such -Action to be 'f staid or delayed before judgement, that then the said per* " sons so oiFefhding shall incur and sustain all and every the ''pains, penalties, and forfeitures as aforesaid. " The fifth part of all and every the forfeitures in this Act " mentioned, shall go and be to and for the use and behoof " of the City of London ; and the other four parts and resi- "due to be employed and disposed to and for such only " uses, intents, and purposes, as by the Knights, Citizens, " and Burgesses, in Parliament assembled, shall be declared " and appointed. " And be it further enacted, that the raid Knights, Citi« ** zens, and Bureesses, to be assembled at any Parliament, " by vertue of this Act, shall and may, from time to time, " at an^f time during such their assembly in Parliament, "choose and declare one of themselves to be Speaker for the " said Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses of the House of " Commons, assembled in the said Parliment, as they shall "think fit. - : " And it is further enacted, that all Parliaments hereafter " to be assembled by authority of this Act, and every Mem- " her thereof, shall have and enjoy all Rights, Priviledges, " Jurisdictions, and Immunities, as any Parliament sum- " moned by Writ under the great Seal of England, or any " Member thereof might, or ought to have, and shall have " voices in such Parliament, before, and without the taking " of the several Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance, or " either of them ; any Law or Statute to the contrary thereof " io any wise notwithstanding *. For " ' -Y * This Act, (which was intitled, " Jn Act for the preventing '* of Inconvenieneei happening by the long Intermission of Par- '< tiamentSf") wis repealed by the second Parliament of King Charles the 3ad, (which is lometimes called his Pensioner Parlia. c 2 mtnt) ■ I to 3'Ac Causes and Beginnings of The Parliament re Fof Signing of this Bill, thanks were given to the King turns thanks to the gj ffThitehali the same afternoon by both Houses of King, for passing the — ,. ' said Bill. February Paruament. 15, 1640-41. By V ment) in the month of March, A.D. 18Q4y by an Act which it in these words : « An Act for the Assembling and Holding of Parliamenta once in « three Years at the least ; and for the Repeal of an Act) inti- ** tu\edf An Jlct for the preventing of Inconveniences happen* <-- , *^ ing by the long Ir.termission of Parliaments* '< WuEHEAs the Act made in the Parliament begun at Westminster *< the third Day of November^ in the sixteenth Year of the Reign <* of our late Sovereign Lord, King Charles, of blessed-Memory, ** intituled. An Act for the preventing of Inconveniences hap. ** pening hy the long Intermission of Parliaments, is in Dero- '* gation of his Majesty's just Rights and Prerogative, inherent io '* the Imperial Crown of this Realm, for the Calling and Assembling *' of Parliaments, and may be an Occasion of manifold Mischiefs • - *' and Inconveniencies, and much endanger the Peace and Safety ** of his Majesty, and all his Liege People of this Realm : « II. Beit therefore Enacted by the King's most Excellent Ma. '^ jesty, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual '* and Temporal, and the Commons, in this present Parliament *< assembled, and by the Authority of the same, That the said Act, <* intituled. An Act for the preventing of Inconveniencies bappon- " ing by the long4ntermissioa of Parliaments, end all and every <* the Articles, Cl^jiies and Things therein contained, is, shall be, * •* and are hereby wholly repealed, atinullvd, and utterly made void, " and are hereby declared to be null and void io all Intents and ** Purposes whatsoever, as if the said Act liaJ never brcn had or ** made, any Thing in the said Act contained to the contrary in any *' wise iiotvrithstanding. ** III. And because, by tlio ancitiit Lavs and Statutes of this Realm, made in the Reign of King Edward tlic Third, Parlia- ** ments are io be held very often; your Majesty s humble and <' loyal Subjects the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and the Com. ** mons, in this present Parliament assembled, most humbly do « beseech your most eiccllent Majesty, That it may be declared and ** enacted ; (3) And be it dcciarod and enacted by the Authority ** aforesaid, Thut hereafter the Sitting and Holding of Parli.imenti shall not be intermitted or discontinued above throe Years at the most ; (3) but that within three Y« ars from and after tlie Deter. minaMun of this present Parliament, and so from Time to I'ima ■ within three Years after the Determination of any other Parlia. mtnt or Parliamentf, or, if thert' be Occasion, more often, your (( Majesty, your Heirs and i)ucccssurs| do issu«.out your Writs for tt calling, t( , English and Scotch Armies, was expired, and by the Parliament now renewed for a month longer ; for the Parliament, although the King (as it is said before) called them R,ebels, and desired to have them driven out of England, had a better opinion of them, and, at this time of renewing the Cessation, ordered that the Scots should be recompeuced for all their charges and losses by that mischievous « ar which the King had raised against them ; and within fe\v days, -after examination of those losses and charges, the Parliament ordered that the Scotish Ships, taken since that war, should be restored to them, and 4000/. in money given them to rig those ships ; it was further resolved by both Houses, that the full sum of 300,000/. should be given to them in these words, should, afterwards, upon some sadden emergency that had not been foreseen, find it necessary to confer with a rarliament again for the settlement of such new business, in the caurse of the same year in irhic'i he had conferred with his former, or ordinary, Parliament, ho shout vernment, to cause the people in their several Districts to elect the members of such new House of Commons, to meet the King at such day, at the distance of a month from the day of Election, as his Miyesty should therein have appointed. For it appears from the Records of Parliament that have been ex« amined by Sir Robert Cotton, and the learned Mr, Prynne and Mr. Brown Willis, and Dr. Bradjfy and other curious and laborious Antiquaries, that in the old reigns of King Edward the 1st, (in the 23d year uf whose reign, A. D. 139fi, the House of Commons was first fstablishcd,) and his three immediate successors, Edward the 9ud, Edward the 3d, and Itichard the 2nd, all the Houses of CommoRii '^hat met to transact publicli business with the King-, were assembled by so many separate Writs of summons, or election, and non« of them ym prorogued (as it is now expressed) by the king's au. thority, or appointed by him to meet him a^ain for the tran.saction of pubiiclL business on a future distant day. This practice of proroguing a Parliament to a distant day at the end of several weelis, and even months, without a re-election, (as the learned and patriotick Mr, Granville Sharp informs us in his tract uiran annual Parliamt uts,) seems to have been began in the reign of king Edward the 4th, after tho people had been so cruelly harrassedby the civil war between the two houses of York and Lancaster, tliat they had no spirit, or (perhaps) power, left tu oppose that dangerous Mi«urpatlon ol their pai liaiiientary lights by the royal Prerogative. But it was afterwards frequently resort«d.to by the Prince* of the Tudor family, and by their successors the iStuartSf and has continued to the present day. Towards « thi Civil War of England, 23 «ction, as his Towards a supply of the losses and necessities of our brethren of Scotland ; and that the Parliament would, in due time, take into consideration the manner of ndsing, &c. and days of Payment : for which, three days after, the Scotish Commissioners, then resident at London, gave thanks to the Parliament, not only for that^reat sum of 300,000/. but for the style of Brethren, which so kindly they had used towards them. The Parliament of £n^/an. *' in a mutual dependence and relation. He was a wise ** man that said, that the King subsisted by the field " that is tilled: it is the labour of the people that sup- " ports the Crown: If you take-away the protection of ** the King, the vigour and cheerfulness of Allegiance ** will be taken-away, though the obligation remain. "The Law is the Boundary, the Measure betwixt the *' King's Prerogative and the People's Liberty: Whiles ** these move in their own Orb, they are a support " and security to one another; the Prerogative is a cover \ " and defence to the Liberty of the people : and the peo- " pie by their Liberty are enabled to be a foundation to ** the Prerogative. But, if these bounds be so removed, *' that they enter into contestation and conflict, one of ** these mischiefs must needs ensue: If the Prerogative of " the King overwhelm the Liberty of the People, it will be turned into Tyranny j If Liberty undermine the Prerogative, it will grow into Anarchy. . ** The Law is the safeguard, the custody of all private " interest: Your Honors, your Lives, your Liberties " and Estates, are all in the keeping of the Law; with- " out this, every man hath a like right to any thing ; and " this is the condition into which the Irish were brought " by the Earl of Strafford : and the reason which he gave " for it, hath more mischiet in it than the thing itseU, «• THEY WERE A CONQUERED NATION. There ** cannot (r as The Catue$ and Beginnings of jfii ii ** cannot be a word more pregnant and fruitful in Treason, " than that word is: There are few Nations in the world ** that have not been Conquered ; and no doubt but the ** Conquerer may give what Laws he please to those that •• are Conquered: But, if the succeeding Pacts and Agree- •• ments do not limit and restrain that right, what people •* can be secure? England hath been Conquered, and •* Wales hath been Conquered ; and by this reason will be ** in little better case than Ireland. If the King, by the ** Right ofaConquerer,givesLaws to his people; shall not ** the people by the same reason be restored to the right •* of the Conquered, to recover their Liberty if they can > ** What can be more hurtful, more pemitious to both, *' than such Propositions as these? A Kttle after: *• Such arbitrary power is inconsistent •' v'iththe peace^ the wealth, the prosperity ot a Nation; *' to industry, to valour, &c. For who will take pains " for that which, when he hath gotten it, is not his own ? " Or, who will fight for that wherein he hath no other *^' interest, but such as is subject to the will of another if •* The ancient encouragement for men to defend their " Countries, was this,*'* that they were to hazard their persons in defence of their Religion and their Houses;'* but, by such arbitrury ways as w^rt: pra.ctised in Ireland *^ and counselled here, no man had any certainty of ei- ** ther, or of a ly thing else, &c. Such arbitrary courses " have an ill op -ration on the courage of a Nation, by em* " basmg the he.i.! ts of the people ; a servile condition ** doth beget in v.\(m a slave's temper and disposition. ** Shall it be Treason ro embase the King's Coyn, though '* but a piece of silver? and must it not needs be the *' effect of a greater 1 reason, to embase the ^hits of his Subjects? &c. A little further : ** As it is a Crime odious in the na- (4 l« t( «l ture of it, so it is cUious in the judgement and esti- ^^ mation of the Law ; to alter the settled frame and *' constitution of government, is Treason in any Estate: the Laws, whereby ..11 other parts of a Kingdom are preserved, should be very vain and defective, if they " had not a power to ^^.'cure and preserve themselves, ^* The forteitures inflicted for Treason by our Law, are ** those (C ! the Civil War of England, «7 in Treason, n the world lubt but the those that jandAgree- whal people [uered, and ;ason will be [ing, by the le; shall not to the right if they can? kus to both> inconsistent ot a Nation; 1 take pams mt his own ? tth no other 1 of another ? defend their lazard their ir Houses;** zA in Ireland rtainty of ei- rary courses tion, byem- le condition disposition* oyn, though eeds be the ,e spirits of s in the na- mt and esti- frame and any Estate: Lingdom are tive, if they emselves, kur Law, are ** those ft €€ ** those of Life, Honour, and Estate, even all that can be . ** forfeited : ^ and this prisoner^ having committed so ** many Treasons, although he should pay all these for* " feitures, will be still a Debtor to the Commonwealth: Nothing can be more equal, than that he should perish by the Justice of that Law which he had attempted " to subvert. Neither will this be a new way of blood; '* There are marks enough to trace this Law to the very ** original of this Kingdom : And, if it hath not been put '* in execution, as he alledgeth, for these 240 years, it was **nDtforwantofsuchaLaw,butbccauseallthatlongcourse . V of time hath not bred a man bold enough to commit " such Crimes as these; which is a circumstance much '* aggravating his offenjre, and making him no whit less ** liable to punishment, because he is the bnly man that in '' so long a time hath ventured upon such a Treason as * " this." The Commissioners of Scotland, then resident at Lon-' don, had a charge also against this Earl, for matters done ^ against their Nation; which were, notwithstandmg, im- pued in. the Parliament's Charge. To this Charge, the Earl gave in his answer in the House of Lords, where the King himself was present at the reading of it, upon i the 23d day of February) but the trial in Westminster Hall began on the 22d day of March following, and wjiS a most memorable sight. The Hall was Scaffolded on both sides, to contam the whole House of Commons, sitting there in a Committee; the Peers sat all there; besides the Commissioners from Scotland, and besides other spectators and auditors, and a great number of the Lords of Ireland* The Earl of Arundel was Lord High Steward, and the Earl of Lindse^ Lord High Constable: the King himself sat privately m a close Gallery every day, taiung Notes in writing of what passed in the tryal. The Garl defeuds Ftfteen day. the Ewl answered pers commanded Sir Willi' am Bel/ore, the Lieutenant, to admit into the Tower. But he, perceiving it was a Plot for the Earl's escape, diso- beyed ^te Civil War of England* 'ge against sation were Bill of At- the House ;d guilty of a Member ir/7, for sa- 'efitminster' e Bar, and d made the t which the ^ards more ivered their Ity of High he was not ;h Treason : I very great; J, the King, nri railed the there; and pie of Con- ted a Coni- xecution of done at \he le the more on of some It that time d contrived le means of It purpose, and some to gratifie >oldiers the to all those Sir H'illi- Bower. But diso- beyed cape, beyed the King's Command. Anotherpartof this Treason, aml||ie chief of all the rest, was a design to bring-up the Et^lish Army, which was in the North, and not yet dis- banded. This Army they had dealt-with to engage '^ against the Parliament then sitting, and (as they alledged ) . ' •■ to maintain the King's Prerogative^ Episcopacy, and other things, against the Parliament itself In this Plot were Henry Piercy, brather to rite EsLvl o£ Northumberland^ > Mr. tienry Jermin, Master of the Horse to the Queen;, Colonel Gori*>g, Colonel Wilmot^ Colonel jishburr^m,. Pollard, Sui.iHngf and others. The King's discourses to> '*'' Mr. Piercy concerning these things were discovered in a . " r Letter of Pier c»e** to his Brother iVbrMuT/i^er/an^^ out ; of France, which was read in the House upon the J 4th of June'f (for Piercy, Jermine, ^nd Suckling, at the begin- ning of Mayt when this Treason was in some part de- , tected, fled the day before they should have been exa- mined, and passed'Over into France) ; upon which read- ing, Wilmoty Ashbumham, and Pollard, three Members of the House, mentioned in the Letter, as privy to the Plot, were all committed. If the Earl of Strafford had es- caped oi|t of the Tower^ he'wasto have Commanded, in aid to this Plot, that Irish Army, (consisting of eight thousand men, most of them Papists, ) which the King would not grant to have disbanded, when the Parliament, on, the 28th of ^/)ri/ before, had desired it of him ; but told them he could not disband them, for reasons best known to himself. Colonel Goring, for some discoveries which he made, was not at all committed ; but Oneale, an Irish Papist, that was deep in the Plot, was apprehended and com- mitted to the Tower, from whence he afterwards escaped. The Parliament finding such disturbance in their busi- riie King gives tw ness,and treasons against them, and not at all assured oi Uoyai assent to a Bin the King's reality : weighing besides the ftreat charges ^f' '^l TSt^Z of paying two Armies, tor whicli monoy must be raised May lo, lUii. by Loan upon the publick Faith ; iiioved the King to signaBill for the continuation of ihis pr:?eat Parliament ; which was, " that it should never be dissolved without the Consent of both Houses.'^^ ■ ; ,- That |ii! 30 |i fi- id ■Wi I ■ i'- ^ |i I The Kini BUI for a :i£ lis the oU-tax. 2n&e Caute9 and Begtnnings of That Bill 80 drawn-up, the King signed on the 10th of May, die same day that he signed the Bill for StraffortPs execution. This Bill was a fhiiig* that former ages had not seen the like of : and therefore extremely was the King^s Grace magnified by those that flattered him ; but it was much condemned by others of his friends, who hated ^rliaments and Refbrmadon, who complained that the King had thereby too lar put the staff out of his own hamas. But many men« who saw the necesaty of such a concesaon, (without which no money upon the publick Faith could be borrowed,) did not at all wonder at it, saying, that, as no King ever ^granted the like before, so no King had ever before made so great a necesdty to reqnire it But some men were of opinion that it was not of security enough to make the Kingdom happv, unless the King were good : for, if he were ill-affected, he had power enough still to hinder and retard them in any pro- ceedfing for the good and settlement of the Common- wealth; and so, by time and delays, to lay a greater OtUum upon the ParUament^ for not satisfying the people's de« sires, than if they had not had that seeming power to have done it : which proved in the conclusion too true, when the King, by such protraction of business, not at all concurring with them in the main, had raised a party to bimselT against them, to cut-asunder that Knot by the sword, wnich by Law he could not unty. The Parliament adfter this, began with easmg the King- dom's Grievances ; and, because the charge of the two Armies lay upon them, and every day was considerable, till they were disbanded, that was the first thing intend- ed ; towards which a great quantity of Plate was ap- pointed, with more than ordinary haste, to be melted and coined. And for making- up the sum, that Bill of Poll-money was to be signed, which was tendered to the King, and two other Bills with it ; one for putting-down the High- Commission Court } and the other for putting-down the Star- Chamber. The King signed only that Bill of Poll-money, and took time to consider of the other two : but, hearing how ill it was taken at his hands, what murmurings there the Civil War of England. SI e 10th of iraffortPs not seen tie King's >ut it was ho hated 1 that thd ■ his own of such a e publick ider at it, ce before, ecesaty to it was not w, unless d, he had a any pro- Common- ter Odium sople's de- I power to i too true, » not at all ed a party Knot by ;thcKing- )f the two isiderable, kg intend- e was ap- lelted and olUmoney Cing, and he High- down the mey* and , hearing rmurings there there were in the City; and, thinking it not now season- able to distaste them much ; he came to the Parliament three days after, and passed those other two Bills for put- ting down the High-Commission Court and the Star- Chamber. The Queen-Mother of France about that time took her leave of the King, and passed over the Seas into Holland; the people desiring to be eased of that charge : for the King had kept her ror the space of three years in England, at the allowance of 100/. a-day« The Parliament proceeded then against the delin- quent Judges about Ship-money ; and Charges were drawn-up and read ag^nst them in the House of Com- mons J for in December before, when the debate had been concerning Ship-money, and the offence of those Judges who had given their extrajudicial opinions for it, was examined; (upon which the Lord-Keeper FinchMf) the thing was condemned as most illegal. Three Judges had been honest, Judge Crook, JadgeHutton, and Baron Denhami whose Arguments were very famous: the* others were examined by sixteen Members of the House of Commons, who were appointed to present those par- ticular Charges, against every Judge ;. who were. Judge Bramston, Baron Trevor, Baron Wesiont Baron Daven- port, and Judge Crawley; for Judge Barclay was charged with High Treason. Of this, a certain Gentleman spake as followeth : ** The Root of most of our present mischiefs, and ruin of *' all posterity, do I hold to be that extrajudicial (Judge- '* ment I cannot say, but rather) doom, delivered by ** all the Judges under their hands out of Court, yet re- ** corded in all Courts, to the subversion of all our Fun- " damental Laws and Liberties, and to the Annihilation, *' if not Confiscation, of our Estates: to wit, *' that, in '( case of danger, the King may impose taxes upon his <* subjects, and that he is the sole Judge of the danger, ** necessity, and proportion ;" which, in brief, is to take '* what, when, and where, he will ; which (though deliv- '* ered in the time of a gracious and merciful Prince, who, ** we hope, will not wrest it beyond our abilities,) yet is ** left to the interpretation of a succeeding Tyrant, if ever " this Asd a Bill forabol- iihing the High-com- mission Court, an4 a Bill for afoolidiiag the Court of Star* chamber. The Queen-Mother of France goes to Holland* Proceedings against six of the Judges about Ship-money. (( 32 Tht Causes and Be^nmngs of ni 1 1 The King resolves to so to Scotland, and hold a Parliament there, tliobgh the English Parliament intreated him to stay longer in England, to proceed with the business before them. Hedepartsfrom Lon* don towards Scotland on the 10th of Au- gust. ** thb Nadon be so unfortunate as to fall into the hands « of such an one; — it is a Record, wherein every man ** might read himself a slave that reads it, having nothing ** he can call his own, all being prostituted to the will of "another. '* What to do in such a case, we are not to seek '* for precedents; our honourable Ancestors taught us (itf " the just and exemplary punishments of chief Justice Tre- *%tilian and his Complices, for giving their judgements " out of Parliament against the established Laws of •• ParliamentJ how tender they were of us, how careful « we ought to be to continue those Laws, in order to •* preserve the Liberty of our Posterity. Those Charges were now brought-in about the begin- ning of yiugust : but little was afterwards done against any of them, or almost any other offender. The King had designed a journey into Scotland, and persevered in his resolution of going there, though the Houses earnestly entreated his stay for a while longer in England, because the Kingdom's business required his presence. The King alledged that the affairs of Scotland did necessarily require his presence : and further told them, that he would pass any good Bill, which they had for him, be- fore he went. Which he accordingly did, and signed a Commission foV passing of Bills in his absence; the Commissioners were, the Lord-Keeper Littleton, the Lord Privy-seal, Earl of Manchester; the Lord great Chamberlain, Earl of Lindsei/; the Marquess of Hertford, the Earl of Essex^ the Earl of Bath, the Earl of Dorset: and, by a Bill, which the King then signed, the Earl of f 4-- sex was also made General of all his forces on this side Trent, with power to levy Arms in case of necessity. But before the King went, the Earl of Holland, chosen both by him and the Parliament as General for that purpose, was gone into the North to disband the English Army there, :' • The King departing from London the tenth of Augtist, made haste towards Scotland, and passed by the Ar- mies as they were disbanding. Whether he did under- hand attempt any thing with the Scottish Army (as a Scottish writer hath published) to engage them against the Parliament of England, with large promises of Spoil, and he hands rery man 5 nothing he will of t to seek ght us (in usticeTre- udgements , Laws of KXw careful in order to the begin- one against The King vered in his »s earnestly id, because »nce. The necessarily tm. that he him, be- and signed bsence; the tieton, the Lord great )f [lertford, oi Dorset: Earl of£A- 3n this side cessity. )f Holland, General for disband the of August, by the Ar- • did under- Army (as a em against es of Spoil, and The Civil War of England. and cfTering Jewels of great value in pawn for perform- ance of it, I leave as uncertain, for tne reader to judge by what afterwards fell-our. But, if he did, it was a mat- ter of great falsehood, having as yet declared no enmity against the English Parliament. But what the King's design was in going into Scotland, was not understood in England. The same Author says, it was to make sure those Noblemen of that Kingdom, whom he doubt- ed-of, as not willing to serve his turn against England, And true it is, that, about September » Letters came firom Scotland to the standing Committee at Westminster (iot the two Houses had adjourned themselves from the eighth of September to the twentieth of October, and appointed a standing Committee of fifty Members* during that time,) containing Information that a Treasonable Plot was discovered there against the lives of some of the great- est Peers in the Kingdom; uponwhich the standing Com- mittee, fearing some mischief from the same spring, placed strong guards in divers parts of the City of London. However the mischiefe might &ll-out by chance, or by design, the King's journey into Scotland was sure to hinder the English business, and to retard the cure of all their Grievances; which was little less than a plain destruc- tion. For after the tenth of August, the day of his depar- ture, little was done in the Parliament until after the recess. On the 23rd of October, whilst the King remsuned in Scotland, broke-forth that cursed conspiracy of the Irish Rebels, and the inhuman butchery of Protestants through the whole Island, more tragical than any effect of a calamitous War ; in which was put in execution, whatsoever could be imagined from the licentious cruelty of a barbarous people, so long kept under the English yoke, or whatever the dire dictates of superstition, or wicked exhortations of Priests, could infuse into them. It was wonderful, that so deviHsh a design could so long be kept close ; whereby 200,000 Protestants, in two months space, were murdered, and many by exquisite torments ; and many more were despoiled of all their worldly fortunes. This devilish design was to be put in execution on the 23rd of October ; upon which day, not only the D Castle ss \ ■,-', . ,1- :■.,>. A, . -n N.B. The Irish Papisti break-out into a sud- den and general Re- bellion, and massacre 200,000 Protestants* on theSSrdofOcto- ber, A.D. i641. I r it !f i' I' ■f ; Mi I! i ^ ! >»♦ The mtnoerof its dis- covery to the Lords- Justices of Irelandt on the preceeding day. 0\»en CConoIly, the discoverer of the Plot, is sent over to England with Letters to the Parliament voDccrning it. The Cflt«(Bs and Beginnings of Cmlt of Dublin, (the Kingdom's chief Magazine, a storehouse of ten thousand arms at that time ;) but all other Forts and Magazines in that Kingdom were to be aarpnaed ; and all the English or Protestants, that joined not with them, to be murdered. The seizure of DwWm Castle, (for which purpose, many of the chief Rebels came to the City the day be- fore,) was prevented, by a timely discovery of the Plot to the two Lords- Justices, by one Owen O^Conally, a Servant to Sir John Clotworthy ; which discovery was made but the very night before that fatal day, and the occasion of making it was very accidental, (or, rather, a strange providence of God,) by MaC'Mahon*s wiad- visedly trusdng this Oicen with some relations concerning it at a Tavern. Upon which discovery, Mac-Mahont and the Lord Macguire, were presently apprehended by the Lords- Jus- tices, and many Conspirators of great note escaped that night out of Dublin. In this manner was Dublin saved, that a^ Ireland might not be lost in one day. But the horrid deugn was past prevendon, as to the general ; for the Conspirators were up at the day in all the Counties round about i and poor English Protestants arrived at Dublin every day, robbed and spoiled of all they had, relating how their houses were seized, how Towns and Villages in all parts were fired, and cruel outrages committed. The Lords- Justices, Sir U'iUiam Parsons, and Sir John Borlace^ taking those arms which they found in Dublin^ and arming whom they could on a sudden to defend themRelves, dispatched letters to the King in Scotland, and to the Earl of Leicester, who had been lately appointed Deputy of Ireland, but was still in Eng' land. Money was u^ anting, and no supplies nearer than England, Owen O^ConaUij, the first discoverer of the Plot, brought the first Letters to London \ upon receipt of which, they rewarded Owen with a gift of 500/. and an annuity of 2 ;0/. peranimm; and presently both Houses of Parliament met at a Conference, and the House of Commons forthwith resolved themselves into a Com- mittee, to consider of Ireland's relief, and aljo to provide for the safety of England : for distractions began then to !■!« ihe Chit War of England, 93 line, a but all •e to be It joined purpose, I day be- ihe Plot Conally, very was and the rather, a i*s unad- )nceming the Lord jords-Jus- caped that laved, that the horrid i\ ; for the ities round at Dublin d, relating id Villages imitted. and Sir y found in sudden to le King in had been [till in Eng- learer than If the Plot, receipt of i/. and an loth Houses House of Ito a Corn- to provide I beg^in then to to appear in England, The Parliament every day coil* sidered of /re/and*A- relief, and presently ordered supplies ,^„ of money to be borrowed of the City of London, Vic- i* tuals, and Ammunition for that purpose. But all relief could be but slow in such a sudden disease. For the Rebellion encreased, and spred through all the Kingdom ; and many Papists and ill-affected persons fled from Dub* tin into the country, to join with the Rebels, whilst the City, in their rooms, was daily filled with poor spoiled Protestants, who came, naked and famished, thither ; many of whom were past relief, and there perished in the City. It were an endless thing to relate the [Xtihil conditbn of those woeful people, and what sad stories they told there concerning the bloody rage of those in- human Irish Rebels, and the several tortures by which the unhappy EngUjh were brought to their ends. But the Lords of the Council and the Lords-Justices in The Lordi-Juitices a short time, with those arms that were in Dubiint had °^ M*"t^5*r"!^ J 11 /!« , ^ 1 J iuret for the dewnce armed many well-affected Gentlemen, and sent many ^f Dublin. active Commanders out of the City to defend places near it, against the approach of the Rebels. About the middle of NovemteTf there were in Arm**, Sir Charles Coot, Sir Heivy Tichbwn, the Lord Lambert^ Sir Thomas Lucas, Captain yfrmstrong, and Captain Yar7ier i and the Earl of Ormond came to Dublin with an hundred Horse well- ' , armed. At which time the Parliament of England, till greater sums could be raised, sent them over, as a pre- sent comfort, twenty thousand pounds. But it was a long time before they could send over any forces to the relief of that bleeding Kingdom; the first was a Regi- ment commanded by Sir Simon Harcourt, who arrived on the last day of December, 1641. While /re/rt/jf/ was thus miserably distressed, the King The Kmg returni returned out of Scotland into England, and was enter- ?"' "*" Scotland to , , 1 /-,• r r J -.u ^ London, and is en- tamed by the Guy of London with most pompous so- tcrtained by the City iemnity: the whole multitude of Citizens, distinguished of London with great by their several Companies, iti such costly Equipage as CEmbwJS^" eJi: never before was known, with Horse and Arms met the King, and guarded him through the whole City to his Palace at Whilo hall. Some personscondemned that costly f ntertainment of the City at such a sad time; others ho|>> cd it might gain the King's dubious affection to his peo- D 9 pie. 1 36 Thi Causes and Beginnings of U { But this great mark of their respect and attachment has a bad ciiect upon the King* and makes him dis- dainful towards the Parliament* The K nq fm bears for moic tii.'iii IV o months to proclaim the Popish Insiir- genti in Ireland, to be HebtU. At la«t he proclaimg them to \ir Hchcis (HI the 111 St day ot Jitnuary, 1041-4'^. pie. But It wrought a contrary effect in the King ; who began now to think he could never lose the love of the City, whatsoever he didj and was flattered, by some, with a hope that the City would assist him in curbing of the Parliament itself. He grew therefore more disdain- ful toward the Parliament: and; to endear the City, invit- ed divers of the chief citizens to Hampton-Conrt, where he feasted them and made some of them Knights. But the honest Citizens, perceiving that no good use was made of their dutiful expressions towards the King, but that some bad people did openly say, ** that the City were weary of the Parliament, and would join with the King against it ; they framed a Petition to the Parlia- ment, wherein the contrary is professed; and that they would live and die with the Parliament for the good of the Commonwealth. While the King remained at Uampton-Courti the House of Commons presented him with a Remonstrance, wherein the Grievances of the Kingdom are expressed ; but no fault laid upon himself in plain words, but on a Ma- lignant party (as they call them) and evil Counsellors. /re/tfffof'f calamities seemed to be qulteforgotten.or, rather, it seemed that those inhuman Rebels were countenanced ; every body wondering that the King would not proclaim them Rebels ; and some honest Lords advising the King to proclaim them speedily, to the end that a better course might be taken against them. They desired hiiu to wash-off that foul stain from himself, by proceeding severely against those wicked villains; who reported every* where that they had authority from him to seize upon the Holds of the En- glish Protestants j that they were the Queen's Soldiers, and rose to maintain the King's Prerogative against the Puritan Parliament in England, They therefore advised him by all means to purge himself of that crime ; than which, a greater on earth could not be. But so strangely were things carried, that, although the Rebellion brake-out upon the twenty-third of i)ctO' ber, the King did not proclaim thcni Rebels till the first of January y and then gave a strict command, that no more than forty Copies of that Proclamation should be Erinted, and that none of ihem should be publi: hcil, till is Majesty's pleasure were further signified ; i.o that only a lew the Civil War of England. •7 r; who of the some* rbing of disdsun- ', invit- , where i. rood use e King, the City with the e Parlia- hat they good of mrt, the instrance, :pressed } on a Ma* sllors. )r, rather, »nanced ; proclaim the King er course wash-oif ly against that they f the En- Soldiers, jainst the c advised tie} than although i of OctU' 11 the (irst 1, that" no should be irhal, till ) tliut only a tcw a few persons could take notice of it : Which made all men f: extremely wonder, when they recollected the late contra* ry proceedings against the Scots; who were, in a very ^ ' ' quick and sharp manner, proclaimed, and those Procla- mations forthwith dispersed, with as much diligence as' . might be, thorow all the Kingdom. But before this Proclamation came-out, the Parlia- ment, being somewhat troubled with some speeches, of » which they had been informed, as if a Plot were contriv- ed against them, desired the Ring to allow them a Guard for security of their persons ; and that the Earl of Essex, ( who was then Lord CAa/wZ'er/ttm of his Majesty'sHouse- hold,)niJght be Commander of it. But the King denied them a Guard, giving them many fair promises of his care ' '^■' for their safety ; and declaring that he would command such a Guard to wait ujDon them, as he would be respon- - -. sible-for to Almighty God. - ' * Three days after the Proclamation against those Irish The King enters the Rebels, being the fourth of January, the King, attended witi?a\oVv SiS with about three hundred Armed Gentlemen, came to men, to seize on the /I es! minster, and, entering in Pereoninto the House of E!"°"^?;*^\';;!lf';: Commons, and seatmg himself m the Speakers Chair, 4,1041.4.. demanded five Members of that House to be delivered- up to him; Mr. Mollis, Sir Arthur Haslerig, Mr. Pym, Mr. Hamderif and Mr. Strode, Those five Members had, by command of the House, upon information of the King's intent, absented them- selves. Which the King finding, went-away, af^er a short Speech deUvered concerning them, '* That he in- tended a fair Trial against them, and that he was, and would be, as careful to maintain the Priviledges of Parlia- ment, as ever any King of £/i^/an^ was." He had, the day before, demanded them by his Atturney, Sir Ed- ward lierberty a Member of the House of Commons, pretending a Charge of High Treason against them, and with them, against the Lord Mandeviley a Member of the House of Lords. But the Parliament did not think fit to let their Persons go. "Whereupon the King sent and sealed-up the Closets and Trunks of those five Mem- bers: He made also a Proclamation against them, for their apprehending and imprisonment, as men guilty of High 1 reason. D» This St the Civil tVar ^'England. This great breach of Parliament-PrivHedge happened in a strange time, to divert the Kingdom from relieving of Ireiam\ and so the people every where complained, and called to mind what they had heard by some of those poor Protestants, who fled out of Ireland; who reported that those Irish Rebels did confidently say, ** it was to no purpose to fly for safety into England ; for that this King- ^ i . dom would be as much distressed as theirs, and that the King intended to forsake his Parliament in JE^nj^/an^j and make War against it ; which when he did, they would come-over, (having done their work in Ireland,) and help the King against the English Parliament.** Those things were sadly remembered. The Commons com- On this occasion the Parliament voted, that These things Jbienf enny^'imo ^'^^ «» '"^^ ^''over of ten thousand Scots. But the Lords would not yield unto it, unless the House of Commons would give assurance that ten thousand English should be sent-over as speedily ; which was impossible to be done. And no other reason was given for this Opposi- tion, but thatit was dishonourable (or England, that Ireland should be reduced to obedience by iheScotsi and that the Scots would make too great an advantage by it- But this reason was not thought, by honest men, to be of weight enough to hinder so good a work ; when the cause of Religion, and the deplorable estate of so many thousand poor Christians^ groaned for assistance. A third obstruction of Ireland's Relief was thus : Two thousand, five hundred, Scots were in readiness to be trans- ported into the North of Ireland. Concerning the con- dition of their going, the Commissioners of Scotland delivered to the English Parliament, eight Propositions. Both Houses consented to all the Propositions ; but the King excepted against one of those Propositions ; which was the third in order : That the Scots should have the keeping of the Toum and Castle of Carrickfergus, with potver to remain there, or to enlarge their quarters at their discretion; and that, if any Regiments or Troops in that Province, should join with them, they should receive Q/- ders/rom the chi^ Commanders of the Scottish Forces, This Article, the King said, that he doubted, might f*. to the damage of England ; and therefore wc i)d hr. w the Parliament tnink upon it again. Nevertheless, if they would have it fo, he would confer with the Scottish Commissioners about it. The Scots an' ^ered the King, That they were sorry . . * * that ^ 1 1: lot to itions. ation, ^ ire by rhtre- should sioners r State ». The Clause} t. But ouse of lilnglish isible to Opposi- Ireland that the it. But ) be of tie cause lousand Two )0 trans- le con- kotland [ositions. but the 1^ which lave the ts, with at their in that nve Q/- }rces» ,ight I-. .;. w the if they Icoitish |c sorry that the CivilWar of England, 41 tliat his Majesty, being their native King, should show less trust in them, than their neighbour Nation had freely done ^ and should think that Article too much for them, which both Houses of Parliament were pleased with. The King at last, (though too much time hadbeenlost, ) was con- tented to admit of that Article, as the Parliament had done. But that way which the Parliament thought most powerful to reduce Ireland, was, by adventuring for pro- portions of Land there, to be shared amongst the English Adventurers, according to those sums of money, which they would disburse or subscribe : That so, whosoever, in person or purse, helped towards the conquest of those bloody Rebels, might be recompensed, if the Work were done. Propositions were framed in Parliament to that purpose. The King confirmed these Propositions, though at first he laughed at them, and was heard to say. That they were like to him, tvho sold the Beards shin before the Bear was Ailltd, At last an Act was made*, enabling the Parliament with power to carry-on that War, until Ireland should be declared wholly subdued ; and that no Peace, or Cessa- tion of Arms, should be ever made with the Rebels^ unless both Houses of Parliament consented to it. The ,„,,,„,.„. King then offered to go in person over into Ireland, But bellion in Irelaad. the Parliament thought it was not fit to hazard the King's person in such an expedition. The King was then at Hampion-Courtt distasted at the City, and pretending the reasons of his absence to be fear of Tumults: for, besides what was before spoken of the numbers which flocked to Petition at IFeslminster^ the King was advertised, that on the day after he retired to Hampton (which was about a week after his going to the House of Commons) divers Citizens, with Boats, and Guns in them, brought the five Members to WestminsteVt with many promises not to forsake the Parliament. From thence, upon the twentieth of January , the King sent a Message to the Parliament, desiring them, that, see- ing that particular grievances were so many, that it would be tedious to present them separately, one after another, they would digest them into one Body ; that so a clear *SecScobcirs Collection of Alts nnd Ordinances of Parliament, in the I7tli year of fving Charles the I'lrbt, chapters 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37. i^t.i Judgement AtlastthcKinggivM his assent to an Act of Parliament for siippressina the Re- 42 The Causes and Beginnings of ; .^ The Parliament pe- tition the King to permit them to ap- |5oint the otTicers of the Militia uf the Kingdom. January t6, )641-42. TIicKin^ refuses to grant their request. The L«rd Digby •writes a Letter to the Queen, wherein he otters to assist the Kingiu making War upon the Pailiament. ill Judgement might be made upon them ; yind then tJuy should see how ready he would be to equals or exceed, the greate.^f examples of the most indulgent Princes in their Acts of Grace and Favour to the People. The Parliament gave him thanks, and resolved spee- dily to consider of it ; but desired the King, in the mean time, to give them a sure ground of security (while they discharged their Trust) by putting the Tower, with other principal Forts, and the whole Militia of the Kingdom, into such hands, as the Parliament might trust, and re- commend to him. • The King refused to grant that Petition; alledging, that he would reserve to himself the -disposal of all those places, as a principal, and inseparable. Flower of his Crown: nevertheless, he promised to entrust none but faithful Persons in any of those places. ' Many reasons were shewed on both sides, and many Petitions and Answers passed; the Parliament still pressing for this Grant of the Militia, and the King still denying it. The King, then residing at ilamplon-Court, bad fotjnd- out a new way to weaken the Parliament in their num- ber, by sending for some, who were his Servants, to leave their sitting in the House to attend him. Espe- cially he aimed at the Earl of Essex, his Lord- Chamber- Iain; and the Earl of //b//«72(/, his Groom of the Stole; both whom he sent-for : but they chose rather to obey his Parliament- Writ, than his private Command; and continued sitting. Upon which he sent a Messenger ta demand the 5/ff^ of the one, and the Key of the other, being the Ensigns of their Offices ; which they willingly resigned. The Lord George Dighijy about that time, had written a Letter to the Queen from Middltborougli, in Zealand, (whither he had fled from England, when the Lords in Parliament had sent for him upon some Misdemeanors, and, if he appeared not in twenty days, had proclaimed him a Traytor) in which he intimates, That, if the King will declare himself, and retire to a safe place, he should be able to wait upon him from thence, as w^ll as from any part of England, over and above the service which he might do for him there in the mean time. This Letter was intercepted, aad brought to the Par- liament \ i ■» ;!- thi Civil War ' to absent the peace asfavour' Parliament, ro in person id therefore Vest'chesler, me into /re pro- lal Im- unmon- Oath in ment. Accusa- lis Cen- Cityt or )igmty to Prisoner From the >ne from L and all the Par- isel (for the Par- ladbeen t unhap- Reliefes, irliament ■the King ral plates testations I to Not* le set-up it, nor rthj nor, IS Person, t Month, he th Civil War of England^ sa he sent a Message to the Parliament, by the ESrl of Southamjjtonznd Dorset, VLTid Sir John Culpeper, In that Message, he signifieth 1 desire to compose the *^ difference by a Treaty; that a certain Number of Persons sent, jind enabled by the Parliament, may treat m some indifferent place, with the like number authorized by him. The Parliament answer, That until he put them in a condition to treat, that is, until he take-down his Stand- ard, and recall those Proclamations, wherein he calleth (a thing unheard of before) both Houses of Parliament Traytors and Rebels, they cannot, by the Fundamental Priviledges of Parliament, or by the publick trust reposed in them, or with the general good of the Realm, admit ♦ • . of any such Treaty. The King denied that he advanced his Standard against the Parliament, or that he called them Rebels : but within few dayes, in his Instructions to his Commis< sioners of Array, the Marquis of Hertford^ the Earl of Cumberland, and the Lo>d Strange, he again called the Earl of Essex, Rebel and Traytor. Thus did they contend for some time> by Declarations and Proclamations ; which proved all fruitless, as to sa- tisfying of the People j nor conld this lamentable War be averted. Pi'ince Rupert and Prince Maurice, the second and Prince Rupert and third Sons of the late King of Bohemia, were now come Jr'"^* ^*^w^' ?J! mto England m the beginning of September, to offer their cetve'commUsioiitto service to the King, their Uncle, whom presently he put tervehiminhiiwrny. into Commands. Prince Rupert, the elder and fiercer by nature, commanding a Body of Horse, flew with great fury through divers Countries, raising men for the King's service in a rigorous way, committing outrages on those who ^voured the Parliament : Upon which the Houses fell into a debate, agreeing, that a Charge of Treason should be drawn-up against him, for endeavour- ing the Destruction of this State, and abusing that Court which represented it. The King marched another way ; and, passing through Derbi/shire, Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire, he , commanded the Trained-Bands of those Counties to at- £3 tend S4f The Parliament's Army is assembled at Northamptou. The Lnrd-General Essex leaves London to take the command of it, September 9» 4642, r- i 'hr-,i^ iv-: :k if The Kinff mirchei ty Slut.'.. )iii.v. The Causes and Beginnings nf tend and Guard his Person ; and when they were mef, he disarmed the greatest part of them, taking as many Arms as served for two thousand men, besides good sums of Money, which he borrowed by constraint ; protesting still (as usually he did ) to maintain the Pro- testant Religion, the Laws ^nd Liberties of the Subject, and the Priviledges of Parliament. The Parliament. Army, raised under the Conduct of the General Essex, was now grown into considerable Bulk i consisting of about fourteen thousand Horse and Foot; their general Rendezvous \iids at Northampton, where many of the chief Commanders stayed with them, expecting the presence of the General himself. The Lord-General EsseXf on the ninth of September^ taking his Leave of the Parliament and City of London^ went towards Northampton, and was waited on by the Trained Bands, and a great number of armed Gentlemen from ^ssex'\io\xs,e to the end of the City, with great solemnity. The Parliament sent a Petition to the General at North- ampton, to be by him presented to the King in a safe and honourable way ; the effect of which was, humbly to entreat his Majesty to withdraw his presence from those wicked Persons about him, and not to mix his danger with theirs ; but that he would return to his Par- liament, and such- like thitigs. The King, intending to seize upon IVorce&ter, sent Prince Rupert thither with some Horse ; which Esseit fearing, to prevent the King, commanded part of his forces to march thither speedily, himself following with his Army. Some Skirmishes happened between that party of Par- liamentarians and Prince Rupert, before the coming of General Essex ; but Prince Rupert, when the forerunners of Essex his Army were in sight, with great speed fled out of Worcester. General Essex, leaving a Garrison at Northampton, marched to Coventry, which Town he also garrisoned, as likewise JVartvick, and marched from thence with his main Army to fVorcester, were he made some stay. The King at that time, with a small Body of Horse, went to Shrtwsbury, to which place he caused a Mint 'te s many IS good straint; - he Pro- Subject, iduct of iderable )rse and ampton, ;h them, f. The , taking »n, went Trained »en from >lemnity. t North' in a safe humbly ce from mix his hisPar- ter, sent ch Eisett rt of his ing with rof Par- [>ming of •erunners peed fled Garrison Town he led from he made of Horse, ;d a Mint to 1 ( — i. * • 4. ' the Civil War of England. - # z' O.J Gen- iniu.. to be !)rought j and Coined his Plate : for ms tlemen about that time, had, besides Money and Arms, brought Plate in unto him. At Shrewsbury he grew AmUhereverysiea wonderful in strength ; so that, within three w. iks after b '"creases Lis a his coming thither, from a small inconsiderable Body of Horse, he was grown into an Army consisting of about six thousand Foot, and three thousand Horse, and two ^f ., thousand Dragoniers* From Shrewsbury the King marched along by Coveu' /rijf and came to Southam ; being but a small distance from the LK)rd-General Essex his Army : from whence he struck a terror ( though so far off; into the City of London itself; for he was then nearer to London by a > day's march, than the General was ; insomuch as that _ London made great provisions to Guard itself, and the Parliament sent twelve Companies to possess and Guard ^'wc&or-Castle. The General thought it his chief work to follow the King's Army, for fear he should march toward London i and, by reason of that haste, left behind him a gres^t part ^ of his Forces, and great Artillery, The King perceiving that, and loth to lose so good an advantage of fighting (before the Parliament- Forces were conjoyned) turned-hack against General Essex ; who was also resolved to give battel. A fair Champion Ground there is ne^irKej/nton, a Vil- TheBaUlc of E'/t - lage in f Warwickshire ; and not above twenty furlongs oSerS'Sf' from that Village, a great and steep hill, upon which the King's Army had spread themselves ; and at the foot of that Hill, a large Plain, called The Vale of the Red- Horse, Here first the battel joined ; the Royalists, descend- ing cheerfully down the hill, and the Parliamentarians irom Keynton, approaching towards them. The fight was brgun with great courage, and much slaughter on both parts: on one side the Earl of Lindsej/; on the other, the Earl of Essex, manfully discharging the parts both of Generals and Souldiers. But presently after the Battel was begun, Prince Ru» pert, who commanded the Horse in the King's rieht \\'^ing, fell -in with so furious a Cha^e upon the Parlia- K 4 ment's ,56 The Causes and Beginnings of m i' m •'. merit's left Wing, (where most of their Horse we^e pla- ced) that immediately he pot to flight all those Parlia- ment-Horse, whose Foot likewise, being left by the Horse, betook themselves to flight. Prince Rupert fo!- * lowing the chase far, and greedy of pillage^ whilst he was busy in seizing the Carriages and Baggage of his Enemies, spent so much time therein, that the King's Victory (which was almost gotten) was by that means quite lost: fomn the King's left Wing, the fortimewas not equal* whom Sir ff^lUatn Balfore charged so roundly, that he broke the best Foot-Regiments, and seized upon the King's Artillery. There was a bloody fight : in that place the King's Standard was taken, but soon lost agsun. There were slain and taken Prisoners -many brave men, among whom Lindsey, the King's General, was taken Prisoner, who died, withm few hours after, of his wounds. . Night parted the fght, and gave a safe retreat to both \ sides. Both sides challenged the Victory vo themselves ; for which, thanks were publickly given to God both by the Parliament and the King ; for on both sid» appeared some marks of Victory, as Ensigns, Cannon^, and Prison- ers taken. Concerning the number of the ^ain there was no agreement, both parties reporting too falsely: but it was thought, that of both Armies (though more of the King's side than the other), were slain in that battle above five thousand. General Essex marched to Coventrt/, to refresh his Army : the King to Oxford, as to his Winter- Quarters. Prince Rupert, with a Body of Horse, flew up and down the Country Night and Day, plundering and robbing Towns and Villages; and made his Excursions so far out of Oxford, that he struck a terror into the Oty of London itself ; insomuch, that they desired General Essex (who had designed to follow the King), that he would bring his Army nearer to London, Lord-Gcncral Essex, on the seventh Day of November , came to Westminster, (quartering his Forces in the adjacent Villa- ges) and was rereiveid with great Honour by both Houses of parliament, and was presented with five thousand . , ' , " ' pounds The Essex, returiiti to London, November 7, 1042. • / 5 pla- • *arUa- f the r/ fo!- Ist he of his ^ng's means newas tindly, I upon King's ■e slain whom • 10 died, to both selves ; K>thby )peared Prison- ere was t it was King's ve five sh his larters. down I'obbing so far |Ckyof ^leneral Ithat he imc to it Villa- louses lousand )ounds the Civil War of England. 57* The King consents to their pioposali But, nevertheless, advances iiunicdiatc- ly against them with pounds as a gratuity, with a large acknowledgineht of his valour and pains undergone for the Commonwealth. Before the General departed from London^ another bloody Battle was fought about Brainford*. And so * Or Brentford, happened the occasion; the Parliament, ( being grieved for this unnatural War, and desirous to save the Kingdom, and recover Ireland^) had agreed upon a Petition for Ac» TheParliamentseuds cpmmodation to be presented to the King, (who was then to'^the Sg,'to°tr«it at Colebrpok,J by the Eaxls of Northumberland and Pern- of an Accommoda- brook» the Lord IVainman, Master Pierpoint, and Sir John *'°"' Jpsky. The King gave a fair Answer, protesting, before God, That he was grieved for his people's sufferings ; and, in order to peace, was willing to reside ivt-ar London^ and receive such Propositions as they would send, and to treat with them. As soon as the Commissioners were gone with this Answer, the King's Artillery (for so all Relations agree) advanced-forward with the Horse, throw Cokbrooht after iiis army, and attacks t^iem tpwai'^ London ; and, taking advantage of a great 2'*^'"./"j***{!,'y "f. iv^' .. lT L L J 1. XT' u. .L ^ L J ^ Brentford, Nov. IS. JVJist, which happened that Night, they marched to 1^49. SrafTffordt and fell upon the Parliament's Forces that were quartered there, which was a broken Regiment of Colonel «o//w'a. The King's Army killed many of them, and had, in likelihood, utterly destroyed them all, if the Lord Brook's and Colonel Hamden's Regiments, that were billeted not fiir>off, had not come-in to their relief; who maintained a great and bloody fight against the King's Army, till both sides at Night retreated : many were slain and taken Prisoners on both sides ; and both reported themselves Conquerers, as before it happened at ATeyn/dn-Battle. News of this unexpected Fight was soon at London, where the General was sitting in Parliament, whither also the noise of their great Artillery was easily heard: he took Horse immediately, to get strength together, and relieve his engaged men; but Night had parted them, and the King was retired to his best advantages. All that Night, Forces came out of Lomiun thither, so that on the Sunday Morning, being the fourteenth of No» vemberf a wonderful number of armed men were met,and had 4» Causesaml BegiutuHgs of the Civil War of' England. •-A,', ..•«(;••> had so far encbmpast the King's Army, (small in compa- rison of them ) that many hoped for an end of the War. But God was not so pleased ; for the King escaped by reason of the following error: Three thousand Parliament- soldiers were theii at Kingston; they were commanded to leave that Town, and march speedily through Surry, and over Zorac/on-Bridge, and thence through the City, to Brain ford, to stop the Enemy's passage to London A reason of that Command was afterwards given, ramely, that the Lord- General was not assured of streni';th enough to step the Enemy from going to London ; nor could he be, beforehand, sure of so great a Force^ as he after- ■ "* ^ " wards perceived to be come to him before morning. Tiie King retires to Thus did the^ enclosed King escape, and retreated JtcSr'^"""**" through that Town of Kingston, which was thus aban- doned by the Parliament*sou}diers ; and, a^'ter he had plundered the Country there-abouts, he retired safely to his Winter-Quarters at Oxford, The Parliament, considering this action of the King, began to hope little upon any Treaty ; resolving. That ]. ' w ■ - '. . W '• ' - ,w - ,. ' .-■■;)'. ':' , -*■ ; "A - •;■■'■> r - i '.t.^- SOCK -.>.'« .'>',.-.'- ltd. m.. conipa- le War. ipedby iiament- nded to rry^ and City, to ion A ramely, enough ye could he after- ing. ^ retreated ius aban- he had safely to the King, ng. That 's Forces, ncourage ;rein they m the hth was so ide them ; i entreaty on them \ hall will" rliament. arliament they de« ':'"-.^l' uv: '':UV ^r'(\ii,.t'-;,i^{'^f.- . -y^-' ■■■''.'>'■■.>' f II A SHORT MENTION OF THE PROGRESS OF THIS ..*'■' * CIVIL WAR. SOOK The beginnings of the Civil War, together with the Series of causes from whence it sprung, as likewise the degrees by which it grew, have been already briefly and clearly shewn. The things which remain to be unfolded, are ot "^o great a weight, of so various a nature, and of so many pieces, that scarce any Historian (I might say, even History itself) is sufficient to weave fully together so ma^ ny particulars. My intention therefore is, to make only a short mention, not a full Narration, of that Variety. For the War went-on with hofrid rage in many places at one time ; and the hre, when once kindled, cast-forth, through every corner of the land, not only sparks but de- vouring flames; insomuch that the kingdom ot England was divided into more seats of war than Counties; nor had she more fields than skirmishes, nor Cities than Sieges ; and almost all the Palaces of Lords, and other great Houses, were turned every where into Garrisons of War: fhey fought at once by 3eaand Land; and through all £ng^/anclf (who could but lament the miseries of his Country !) sad spectacles were seen of plundering and firing Villages; and the fields, otherwise waste and desolate, were rich only and terribly glorious in Camps and Armies. The following Summer, namely, in the year one thou- sand, six hundred, forty-three, proved for a long time fatal to the Parliament, and Fortune seemed to have v^ • condemned ■ \- i 60 -i nhort Mention of the Progress ■ i •■ i I Sir William Waller is defeated by Lord Wilmot» in July, 1643. Bristol and Exeter are surrendered to the King's Troops. In the North of Eng« land, the Forces of the Parliament are besieged in Mull. The Army of the Lord-General E^^c\• is greafly reduced by iiekuets uud want. Tlie City of Glou- ccstcr still holds-out for the Parliament. The Queen arrives irr England with a j^rcat Store of Arms, inl'ebruary jCiifi'tS'- condemned the cause of Liberty ; so exceedingly did die King's party flourish in successes and Victories, and the Parliament's condition was every where low : so that those adventurers were neer to ruin, who, in the end of the con- test, were victorious. In the West, Sir William Wdller, a parliament-chief* tain, who had gotten divers Victories, and then almost en- tirely vanquished Sir Ralph Hopton, was at last (namely, in JWy) utterly defeated by the Lord Ifllmot, who came from Oxford, with an Army of the King's : and having lost all his Army, he returned to London, And such as the fortune of the Field was, was also the condition of Town offighrin^ was greater than the rigour of the air; land the .. patience of Soldiers overcame the hard weather: The Earl of Levcn marched with his forces against the Earl of Newcast.e; who, with a great Army, possessed the Northern parts of England for the King ; nor did the War go-oa with less vigour in other parts. In the be- ginning of the Spring great Armies were raised on both " . sides, and filled all the countries with terror; all the following Summer, which fell in the year one thousand, six hundred, forty-four, they fought with equal fury, and almost equal fortunes; insomuch that £;i^/ara(/, bv the dubiousness of success on both sides, and sad vicissiiude vof calamitous slaughters, was made an unhappy King- dom. The lUng's fortune was sustcuned by brave armies in The King's Force* iu the West, under the Princes Rupert and Maurice-, in Summei""i644"^*''" Wales under Gerard, and others ; in the midland Coun- ties under Sir Jacob Astletj, an old soldier ; other armies were commanded by Sir Ralph Hopton, and Colonel Go- ring ; and in the North, was the Earl of J\ewcasile's great army. Nor were the forces of Parliament inferior; the chief Th« Forces wf the army under the General /isscx; /fa//er commanded ano- 1!!!!;'!''^™'!.' '* **" ',_' same time* therj the Earl of Manchester^ to whom Cromwell, {■&. stout and successful soldier) was joined, led a strong army toward the North, where the Lord Fairfax and his son had good forces, and Sir John Meldrum not far>ofF; the Earl of Denbigh, a stout Commander, was with a fair party about Strafford i and besides these, the great Scottish army, • \ At the beginning of that Summer the Parliament at- , ^ tempted a thing of great moment, to besiege Oxford, or, at least, to block-up the King within that town ; which was endeavoured by two armies, that of Essex on the one side, and that of Waller on the other ; but the King deceived them but!), and, with a few light hor^e, escaping ott of the town, went to join with his greater nrmies. General Eascx marched farther into the West : but the ' expedition proved unhappy both to himself and the Par- liament. If 'alter followed the King, but in vain : for he could not hinder his designed march ; only some skir- mishes u A short Mention of the Progress It; ti hiishes happdied between parts of their forces : but no'- thing was done of any great moment, until Waiter re- turned with his force to encounter enemies in other places. Various were the successes in this Summer in ipost parts of the Kingdom : in the West, South* and Midland Coun- ties, the King's forces prevailed above the Parliament's ; whose cause, perchance, would have been ruined^ if the North had not made theiii amends with some notable atchievements, besides one great victory. For Leven, with his Scottish forces, coming the last Winter into Ehgktnd, beudes the taking of some towns and forts, had much weakened Newcastle's army, lessen- ing their number, not by fighting, but by enduring the sharpness of that weather, which the other could not so well do. To Leven the Lord Fairfax (after Sel^y was so miraculously taken by the valiant Sir Thomas Fairfax ) joined himself with all his forces, to whom also the Earl of Manchester (after his Lincoln expedition) came with a gallant army. Three Parliametit-Armics, under three Generals, Le- fen, JManchesler^ and Fair/ax, with great concord and unanimity had marched together, and with joined forces had besieged the great City of Yorkt whereof the Earl of Newcastle was Governour} to raise the siege, Prince Ru- pert was come with a great army out of the South ; the three Generals left their siege to fight the Prince ; under him also Newcastle, having drawn his forces out of York^ served ; who, on a great plain, culled Marston-Moorct gave battle to the three Generals. . -. , , Tiiis was the grcJilest battle of the whole Civil War : tdu-Moor, July 2, ,. • • i .l • i ■ . 1644 never did grciucr armies, both m number and strength, encounter, or drew mavld Le^hxjy pursued them, and, wheelinpr. about, with his horse, came opportunely to the relief of his oppressed friends in the other wing, where they ceased not, until they had gained a compleat victory, and all Prince ^u- /ler/'s ordnance, his carriages and baggag^e, were possessed by the Parliamentarians. After this victory, Rupert, with the remainder of his forces, fled into the South, some of the victorious army's horse in vain pursuing him for some miles ; the Earl of Newcastle, with some of his chosen fri^ds, leaving York (of which city Sir Thomas Glenham took the Govern- ment) went to Scarborough^ where, within a short time after, he took shipping for Germany. The three Generals, Leven, Manchester and Fair/an, after this great victory, returned to besiege York; to whom that City soon after, upon conditions, was surreil- dered ; after which they divided their forces, and Leven with his Scottish army returning into the North, about th «nd of that Summer, took the rich town of Newcastle, a' . .he same time that the General Essex unfortunately i. r...^ged his business in the West, and, having lost all his artillery, returned to London, This Summer the Queen passed into France, and used great endeavours to raise aid Ibr the King her husband, among the Roman-Catholics i but those endeavours proved fruitless: yet, notwithstanding, the War m JE^glnnd, without the help of strangers, went«on with rag^awi blood enough. In the midst of these calamities of War, some hope of Peace began to appear (though it soon vanished again) and conditions were proposed both by the King and the Parlia- ment •, upon which, in the following February, (u here- after shall be said) they both treated. The end of this year, and beginning of the next, were notably tragical m the punishment and death of eminent men ; the two Ho- thams, father and son, (having been condemned for Trea- son, for breaking the trust ot Parli^ent, and conspiring with the enemy to betray Hull, with other crimes,) after they had been imprisoned above a whole year in the Tower of London^ were this December both beheaded \ aiKl SitAltxandei Carew, not many days before, (who was r condeirned S$ The Earl of Nwr- castle abandoni the Civil War, and re- tires to Germaojr* The Earl of Leyen, with the ScottitU Armjr, taket New- cattle The Queen leaTM Engfland aud goci to France. Sir John Hotham 8c hii Son are beheaded at London, for Trea- son againtt the Pap> liament, in Deoein- bcr, 1644. G6 A short Mention of the Progress The Trial and Exe- cutini) of Archbishop Laud, ill January, 1644-16. to lU'w-niodcl Army. their 1^ 1 Iv condemned for the same crime,) sufiered the same punish- ment. Famous also, at that time, was the death of H^iU Ham Laud, Archhi&hop of Canteihury; the crimes ob- jected against him were too many, and of too various a nature, to be here related : ^four years almost had this un- happy old man been a prisoner, yet not enjoyed so much as the quiet of a prison ; for oftentimes (about fourscore days) he was carried from the Tower to Westminster^ and there arraigned in the House of Lords. So the fates were pleased, in a sad compensation, to equal his adver^ty, ^ even in length of time, with his prosperity. 'j'jjjg January he was beheaded, his life being spun out so long, till he might see (which was the observation of many) some few days before his death, the book of • ' Liturgy abolished, and the Director)', composed by the Synod dt JVestmimter, established. Though the King and Parliament were both thinking The two House* of of a Treaty for Peace, yet the care of War was not neg- Pariiamont jc^^c jgcted J the King being sollicitous about getting of foreign *" aid, and the Parliament about new- modelling their own Army. About this business (which seemed of the high- est concern ) there was some debate between the Lords and Commons ; the Lords were against that change, al- ledging, that there was no need of new Commanders, where the old ones couM be accused of no fault ; that men of the noblest rank were fittest to command Armies, the contrary whereof might breed confusion in the Com- monwealth. The House of Commons, on the other side, (though they made a noble mention of the Earl of Essex, and those other Peers, which comm it may be said, -- ' * ^'-'-Nulli gestanda dabantur ' . ' ' Signa Duct's, nisi qui scelerumjamfecerat mum, jittulerStque in Castra nefas, ^^ , ' —-No man his Endens bore. But who the badge of some known nuschief wore. And brought guilt to the Camp. At^Iast, hope was given him from the Duke of Lorrnin, often thousand men ; and, for bringing of these Soldiers into England, Goffe was sent into Holland to negociate for shipping and other necessaries. The King, likewise, desired assistance at that time from And eren treats with the bloody Irish Rebels, and, by his Letters, commanded ifeianTfor?h^^tam» Ormond to make a Peace with those Rebels, and to pro- purpose, mise and grant to them a free exercise of their Popish Re- ligion, and to assure them, that, if, by their assistance, he could but finish his War in England, he would abrogate all those Laws which had been heretofore made against the Papists there : he gave thanks likewise to Mmkerry, Plun* het, and others of those Rebels, promising a pardon for all that was past. But they were much troubled at the Treaty for Peace with the Parliament ; not being ignorant, that one . necessary condition of such a Peace must be, that the War in Ireland against them should be continued and F 2 prosecuted: i 68 A short Mention of the Progreu 1 he Treaty of Ux- britlgo, iR held in Fc- 1iruar,T, 1644-45. prosecuted. The King, therefore, to remove this their scrupulous fear, wrote to Ormond to this effect: That be could not refuse to make a Peace with his Parliament, merely that he might be able to shew favour to those Irish \ yetf notwithstanding, from that very consideration (if Ormond handled the matter wisely) lie might raise an ad- vantage to hasten a Peace with those Irish, in letting them know their own danger, how they were excluded from all hope of pardon by the Parliament ; For (saith he) . if the Parliament and J agree upon all other con^ ditions, it will not be convenient for me to disagree only concerning those Irish, Therefore let them take what I offer, while time is, and hasten the Peace : and , when once my faith is passed, no human force shall make me break it. The Queen also (remaining in France) writing to her husband, seemed to grieve much, that at Uxbridge they were to treat of Religion in the first place { affirming, ^haty if any t/ung severe against the Catholichs should he concluded, and yet a Peace should not be made, tfte King could not hope hereitfter for any assistance from the Catholich Princes, or from the Irish, who must needs think, that after they had done their best, they should at last be forsaken. She often entreats the King, that he would never forsake the Bishops, theCatholicks,nor those faithful friends of his that served him in his Wars : and the King promiseth her, that he would never forsake his friends for a Peace, and continues to persuade her to hasten, as much as she can, the aids from France, saying. That, whilst London is distracted between the Presbyterians and Inde* pendants, both may be ruined. In February the Commissioners on both sides met at Uxbridge to treat for Peace. For the King came, the Duke of Richmond, the Marquis of Hertford, the Earls of Southampton, Dorset, znd Chichester', the "Lor As Duns- more and Capel, with Sefmour, Culpeper, Gardiner, Hide, Lane, Bridgman, Palmer, and others. For the Parlia- ment, the Earls of Northumbtriand, Pembroke, Salisbury, and Denbigh : of the House of Commons, IVainman, Fane, Pier point} Uollis, Prideaus^ Saint folfn, Whithch, and 9fthU Civil War, and Crew ; and besides these, six Commisdoners of^e Nobility and Gentry of Scotland, But nothing at all was concluded at that Treaty. The King would by no meaus consent to the abrogation of Episcopacy ; nor, in the second place, would he suffer the Militia to be taken out of his hands, which he con- ceived to be a chief flower of his Crown. Yet he was contented that for three years it should be governed by twenty, equally chosen out of both sides. ^ ;^stly, to the prosecution of a War against the Irish he aid not con- sent, having made a cessation of Arms with them, which, in honour, he could not break. Thus, nothing at all being done toward Peace, the War •must decide it. The Parliament hasten the modeliini^r of their new Army. The Earls of Essex ^ Warwick, Man- Chester, dndDenbigh, freely and voluntarily lay- down their Commissions. The new-modelled Army of the Parliament consisted of twenty-one thousand ; namely, fourteen thousand foot, six tho^md horse, and one thousand Dngoneers. Kir Thomas Fairfax was made General ; Philip Skippon, an excellent soldier, was made Major General : Colonels of the foot-Regiments were, Hoiborn, Fortescue, Barclay, Cra/ordf Ingoldsy, Mountain, Pickering, liains6orouQ,h, Welden^ Aldridge : of horse regiments. Sir Michael Le^ vesey. Shield, Middleton, iStdrny, Graves, Vermuden, fVhalejt Fleetwood, Rossiter, and Py, The King, on the other side, had great forces under divers Com- manders, to whom he distributed several Provinces : the Princes Rupert and Maurice, with numerous forces, possessed some of the Northern parts of the Kingdom ; others were held by the Earl of Derby, and Sir Mar- maduke Langdale ; Sir JohnBiron and Oerard\ie\<3i Wales an4 some adjacent counties. The West was wholly posv sessed by three armies of his, under the several Com- mands of Sir Ralph Hopton, Sir Richard Greenville, and Colonel Goring. All these three, though Generals by themselves, yet served under the name of Charles Prince of Wales, as their supreme General* But the King, not content with so great a force of F 3 English €9 But it is Koon broken- off, and thfi war is renewed. The Parliament- Army i>> ucw-modsl led. The several Armies of the Kiugt I X' I The King endea- vours to bring over to England some of 70 A short Mention of the Progrea the Popish Rebels of £o^h soldiers, iva$ ttiofe earnest than before to get- iiS'STpallSl ovlr the Irish Papists, with whom he had before com- ment, mitted the business to Ormond, to make an absolute Peace. But, when the King perceived that those Irish made too high demands, and that nothing was effc ted by Ormond toward the Peace in so many Treaties, and so long a time, he thought of ; otiierway, which was, to employ the Lord Herbert of Ragland, (son to the Earl of /forcesferj a zealous Papist, and therefore most acceptable to those Irish Rebels. The King created this Lord Her- bert an Earl, by the title of Earl of Glamorgan, and gave him full power, by his letters, to make a Peace with the Irish, and to indulge to them whatsoever should seem needful. It seemed strange to all men, when these things were brought to light, (which was before the end of that year) that such a business should be carried-on, and yet be concealed from the Lord Digbyt (who was the Secretary for Ireland,) and the Earl of Ormonde the Lord*Lieutenant, to whom the whole management of that Peace had been before committed. But the King, when he saw it too hard a thing other* wise to make such a Peace, as would bring a certainty of assistance from them, that he might throw all that Envy upon Glamorgan, impowered him, unknown to the rest ; for so the Rebels, sweetened with large promises (un- known to Ormond) might the better admit of conditions just in show, and openly excusable, and the King might draw from Jrdand such soldiers as would more firmly ad- here to his side, and he might trust (as being the greatest haters of English Protestants, and despairing of pardon) against the Parliament of England, He therefore gave letters of authority to Clamorgartt in these words : The King's Comroii. CHARLES, by the Grace of God J King of Girmo%li'.?mak/ England, Scotland, France W Ireland, Dejender Peace with the i*o- of the Faith, &c. To our Trusty and well-beloved ttiKS'i^/;:: Cousin, Edward. Earl of Glamorgan, Greeting. ♦*• Being confident of your v)isdom and fidelity^ We do, by these Letters, as if under our Great SmI, grant unto you full power and authority to Treat and con- elude of this Civil War, v«-'. 'it >s. 11 of elude with the confederate Romatt'Catholicks of \rt^\ land, and to indulge to tbem all those things which ^ necessity shall require^ and which we cannot so com^ » modiously do by our Lieutenant^ nor our Self [lub* { Uckly own at present, 'therefore We command that ' you do this business with as much secrecy as can be, jlnd^ whatsoever youshall think fit tobe/iromised in my NamCf that do I attest, ujion the word of a King and a Christian^ to grant to those confiderate Catholicks, who by their assistance have abundantly shewed their zeal to Us and •ur Cause. Given at Oxford, under our Royal Seal, thetweJJth day o/'March, and twew iiethyear of our Reign. Nor into England only did he endeavour to bring those Irish, but into 5co//a«^ ; which he effected, to the great damage of that unhappy Kingdom, by the Earl Montross, about the beginning of the year 1644. When the Scottish Covenanters came into England to assist the Parliament, Montross went to Oxford to the King, to offer his service against the Covenanters in Scotland. The King, to fit him for that purpose^ created him a Marquis, and gave him his Commission, to be Lord-Governour of Scotland, and General of all his forces. The King then also sent for the Earl of Antrim, to participate with Montross his Counsels ; who, entering into a confederacy with him be- fore the King, engaged himself there, that he would send to MoniroiS the next April into Jrsyieshire (whither the passage is short from Ireland) ten thousand Irish. This promise, at the appointed time, .Antrim perform- ed in part ; but was very deficient in the number of sol- diers : for, instead often thousand, he sent scarce twelve hundred Irish into Scotland, under the conduct of Mac- donald, Montrcss, notwithstanding, with these men, with the addition of his Atholians, made-up a sufficient thieving army ; and, making sudden excursions, befell into the neighbouring countries, laying every thing waste, robbing houses, and buming-up the corn wherever he came, insomuch that the State had need of great armies to restrain his violence} whilst the craggy mountains of Atho The Eail of Mon- trose oftcrs llie King to serve him in S( ot- land, by niakinu; war thcte !\^aimt the Cu- \cuan(er&. The King accepts his ofJer, creates him a Marquis makes liiiu Lord-Governour of Scotland, and Gene- ral ot'allhij Forces in that kingdom. Montrose, with his Scottish Army, sup- Portcd hy a body of apists from Ireland, under the command of the Eail of Antrim, lays-waste many counties of Scotland^ 'I'M f4 lia, 7« A short Mention of the Progress m liai, and rough, voody, places there, gave safe retreat to his Highlanders and Irish. In this manner did Moniross, for the space almost of two years^ lie within the bowels of his country like a pes* , tilent disease \ such were his retreats, and so great his boldness in excursions, that no less an army than twelve thousand men was thought sufficient to defend the Pro* vinces against him. . But Montr OSS was tossed with various turns of Fortune. The first Summer after his arrival m Scotland, he gvtQ the Earl of Argyle a great blow, through the negligence of his men, where fifteen hundred were slain and taken by Montross ; whereupon the Parliament of Scotland 'i^ radsed an army often thousand men against him, and the _' • same Parliament proclaimed Montross (with -some other Lords) to be a Traitor and Enemy to his Country. Moti' iross afterwards received a great overthrow from i/urr/, and was enforced to fly to his craggy retreats; and shortly after he was again beaten by Hurrf near to Dtm* dttt and actually forced to hide himself in his old re- ceptacles; from whence, notwithstanding, on a sudden > ' (as shall be shewed anon) he shewed himself, and from a contemptible estate grown justly formidable, he over- whelmed Scotland in a miserable calamity. >: The General Aucin> While the King persisted in these courses, the Kirk of biy of the Kirk of Scotland, from the Synod at Edinburgh, sent letters to Scotland tend an , . ' . , '. , v u* l yi. i^dmcnition tu tiie him, contauung a serious admonition, which (because King, concerning hii (he admonition of a National Church may seem a thing of cinduct?**"**'' some momem) shall be set-down rerkatim, the Preface only omitted, because long, though very humble. THE troubtes of our hearts are enlarged, and our fears encreased in your Majesty* s behalf, per* ceiving that your Veople's patience is above measure ' • tempted, and is like a cart pressed- down with sheaves, and ready to break, while as besides many former designs and endeavours to bring desolation and de» s traction upon us, which were (and, we trusty all of that kind shall be) by the marvellous and merciful providence of God, discovend and disappointed; our t ;. Il eat to [lost of a pes^ sat his twelve i€Pro-» 'ortune. lie gave ;]igence d taken Gotland and the le other Mou" Hurry f s; and to Dm» old re* sudden id from le over- Kirk of [tters to because thing of Preface edy and /, per^ neasure heaves^ former and de» U all of lerciful ointed; our ■ ro of this Civil War. vur Country Is now infested^ the blood of divert •■ 9four brethren spilt ^ and other acts of most barb0- rous and horrid cruelty exercised by the cursed crew of the Irish Rebels, and their accomplices in this Kingdom, under the conduct of such as have Com- mission and IVarrantfrom your Majesty ; and un- less we prove unfaithful both to God and your Ma' jesty, we cannot conceal another danger, which is infnitely greater than your People's displeasure. Therefore, we, tJie servants of the most high God, and your Majesty!' s most loyal Subjects, in t/ie humi' lity and grief of our hearts, fall- down before your Throne, and in the Name of our Lord and Master Jesus Christ,who shall judge the World in Righteous^ ncss, both great and small ; and in the Name of this whole National Kirk, which we represent;" IVe make bold to WARN your Majesty freely, that the guilt 'jcbicb deavethfast toyourMajesty,andtoyourThrone, is such,as( whatsoever jiatteringireachers,orunfaith'' ful Counsellors, may say to the contrary) If not timely repented'of, cannot but involve yourself and your poS" terity, under the wrath of the jver living God, for your being guilty of shedding of the bldoJ of many thousands of yourMajestfs best Subjects i—for your permitting the Mass, and other Idolatry, both in your own Family ^ and in your Dominions : —for your authorizing, by the Book of Sports, the prophanation of the Lord*s day ;— for your not punishing^ public k scandals, and much prophaneness in and about your Court;— for the shutting of your ears from the bumble and just desires of your faithful Subjects ;— ' for your complying too much with the Popish party many ways, and, namely, by conceding the Cessa^ tion of Arms in Ireland; and your embracing the counsels of those who have not set God nor your good before their eyes : —for your resisting and op' posing this cause^ which so much c oncer neth the glory 71 ^f 74 A short Mention of the Progress cfGody your own honour and happiness^ and the peace and safety of your Kingdoms^— and for what other causes^ your Majesty is most conscious^ and may best judge and search your own conscience^ (nor would we have mentioned any particulars ^if they had \ ■ not been pub lick and known J as for all which it is . high time for your Majesty to sit down at the foot' stool of the King oj glory ^ to acknowledge your of fences, to repent timely, to make your peace with God through Jesus Christ (whose blood is able to wash' aw ay your great sins J and to be no longer unwilling that the Son of God reign over you, and your Kingdoms, in his pure Ordinances of Church* government and Worship, They conclude with a profession and protestation of J " their constancy in so just a cause, against any opposition whatsover. This admonition of the General- Assembly • of the Kirk of Scotland, was sent, first, to the Scottish Commissioners atZ.on(/on, and by them delivered to the King's Secretary. But Ecclesiastical admonition^ in the ' heat of war, little availed. Oftbenew-modeiled When the Spring began, the War with great heat and Army of the Parlia- courage on both sides was renewed. General Essex had manUf sfrThomM laid-down his Commission, and Sir Thomas Fairfax went Fairfax. Xo Windsor io his new-modelled Army; a new Army in- deed,made up of some remainder of the old one, and other new raised forces in the countries ; an Army seeming no w^y glorious either in the dignity of it*sCommande»s,or the antiquity of Soldiers. For never hardly did any Army go* forth to War who had less of the confidence of their own friends, or wei'e more the objects of the contempt of their / . enemies, and yet who did more bravely deceive the ex- pectations of them both, and show how far it was possible for human cocjecturcs to err. For in their following ac- tions and successes they proved such excellent soldiers, that it would too much pose antiquity,among all the Camps of their famed Heroes, to find a parallel to this Array. He that will seriously weigh their atchievements in the following year, against potent and gallant enemies, and consider ^ 0/ this Ciiil JVar. - , . 75 consider the greatness of the things they accomplished, the number of their victories, how many battles were won, how many towns and garrisons were taken, will hardly be able to believe them to have been the work of o7ie year, or fit to be called one f'Var, But whosoever considers this, must take heed that he do not attribute too much to th^m, but give it wholly to - Almighty God, whose Providence over this Army, as it did afterwards miraculously appear, so it might in some measure be hoped-for at the first, considering the beha- . - viour and discipline of those Soldiers. For the usual vices of camps were here restrained, the discipline was strict ; no theft, no wantonness, no oaths, m.r any pro- phane words, could escape without the severest castiga- tion ; by which it was brought to pass^ that in this camp, as in a well-ordered city, passage was safe, and com- merce free. ' The first expedition of General Fairfax, as it was or- dered by the Committee of both Kingdoms, was into the West, to relieve Taunton ; a town that had long, v.ith incredible manhood and constancy, under Blake^ wax Governour, endured a sharp siege by Sir Richard Green* ville, and seemed to emulate (though with more happi- ness) the fidelity of old Saguntum : but this work was not done by the General himself, but by Colonel Welden, who was sent thither with seven thousand of the new Army. Fairfax himself was recalled by the Committee of both Kingdoms, to go upon other action. But, because the King had sent for Prince Rupert from Wales to come to Oxford, that he might join forces, and march into the field j General Fairfax ^ ' efore he went A party of their horse defeats th«! King's from fVindsor^ sent Cromivell, with a panty :f horse, to hinder the King's designs ; who, marching speedily from IVindhor, with great felicity vanquished a part of the King's force at Islip-bridge, taking divers of the Com- manders prisoners. The remainder ol that party, flying into Bletchingion-Ho^isQ, were there besieged, and surrendered to Cromwell. With the saaie success at Bampton-bushy he took yaiighan 3ind Littleton, and defeated their forces. The King, when Prince Rupert and Maurice were come to him with their forces, designed his march toward the East, to take possession of the Isle of Ely, which he hoped troops at l&iip-bndge and other places, un- der the command of Lieutenant-General Cromwell. 7« The Battle of Nase- bv. June 14, lCi5* A short Mention of the Progren hoped would be betrayed to him by some of his party there. Cromwell^ and Major-general Browne the Gover- nor of Abingtouy were commanded to follow the King, but soon recalled,, as too weak in forces to encounter the King, and to assist General Fairfax in besieging of Ov/?;r^, for then Fairfax was ordered to besiege Oxford. But the design was not good, and the Committee of both King- doms, though too late, countermanded it. For in the mean time the King securely marched North- ward with his Army, and took the considerable town of Leicester. Fairfax^ recalled from the siege of Oxford, (while Crom- well was sent-away to strengthen the Eastern Counties) with all his forces, followed the King. Nor was the famous battle long deferred, in which all men conjectured that the important Question of '* What the Liberties and Laws of England^ and what the King's power and prerogative should hereafter be," must be tried by the sword. Isasdy fields, not far from Northampton, were the place where the fate of England was to be determined. The fourteenth of jfune was the memorable day : nor was the number of the Armies very unequal (the Royalists only were strong- est in horse) nor the ordering of their Battaliaes much unlike : the King's front was filled with brave troops of horse i the foot stood in the second Body. The right wing was commanded by the Princes, Rupert and Mau- ricn the left by Sir Jacob Ashley \ other Commanders of great quality sustaining their parts. The Parliamentarian foot made a firm body in the midst. The wings were guarded by the horse, the right wing was commanded by Cromwell, who, to the exceed- ing joy of the whole army, that very night before the battle was fought, arrived there : the left wing by Ireton : Colonel Rossiter, a brave Commander, but a little be- fore the battle began, came with his horse, and took his place with Cromwell on the right wing : the foot was commanded by Major-general Skippon, and divided into two bodies, 'the Parliamentarians word was« God with tu. The Royalists, God and Queen Mary. Fortune at the first (as in some other battles) seemed a while to flatter the King's side ; for the left wing of the Parliament was worsted, and the Commander Jreton, re- ceiving is party » Gover- le King, inter the 0\fordf But the h King- i North- town of le Crom- iounties) 2 famous iredthat nd Laws jrogative . ^aseby :e where »urtcenth imber of ! strong- es much roops of 'he right d MaU' nders of y in the the right exceed- fore the Ireton : ittle be- took his bot was ded into od with eemed t 5 of the ttoH, re- ceiving of Ms Civil War. 77 ■ >' ceiving two wounds, was taken prisoner, and kept so during the fight. Prince Rupert^ with great fury, fell-in, and pursued that routed wing ; insomuch that the day had been lost, if Cromweii, who came-on with as great force, had not in like manner routed and overthrown the King's left wing : the business seemed now in an equal ballance, and, the wings on both sides being thus scattered* they fought some time upon dubious hopes : mamiiani- mous Skippon was grievously wounded, yet would not forsake the battle, but with all possible endeavours dis- charged his part till the victory was obtained : the Fairfax' ians at last charged so fiercely upon the Royalists, that they no longer could endure the brunt ; the horse in all disor- dered haste fled toward Leicester, and forsook the whole . "^ ^ body of their foot, with their artillery and carriages, who, being surrounded by the Fah-faxianSy threw>down their arms, crying for quarter, and were all taken prisoners. This battle was the hapjuest of all other to the Par- liament I the victory absolute, and undoubted ; and al*' most five thousand prisoners carried to London ; the "^ . King's Standard, and one hundred other colours were / . taken, with all thdr ordnance ; and a very rich booty, a great quantity of gold and silver, and all the secret Let- Several of the King's ters oi^the Kmg, came by thb means into the Conqueror's JJJ^» bythrPaiSi* hands. But so few were slain in this battle, that a reader ment-army. may justly wonder, how so many prisoners should be taken, and so much wealth purchased, with the loss of so little blood ; for on the King's side scarce four hundred were slain, on the Parliament's scarce an hundred. Cromweii, with his horse, pursued the vanquished Royalists (who fled apace, and betook themselves to divers of their own • • Garrisons) and, bringing-back a great number of prisoners, ref urned to the General, who now marched with his vic- torious army to Leiceslert which was soon rendered to him. Fairfax, leaving a garrison in Leicester, (that he might make use of his victory to the good of the Com- nionwealih, and hinder the King from recruiting himself, • to protract this sad war J resolved to follow bim close ( he therefore marched Westward, that he might both pur- sue the King, and raise the siege of Tlaunten. The King's Letters, taken at Kastby, were publickly read 78 A short MtnVton of the Progresi And afterwards puk i;ead LoE lickly don> read at Reflection! made on them by the people. hi in London^ before a great assembly of Citizens, where many of both Houses of Parliament were present ; and leave was given to as many as pleased, or knew the King's hand (to refute the calumny of those who said the And some of them Letters were counterfdt) to peruse them all, out of which iSSS!'***'**"'' •"**" a selected bundle were printed by command of the Par- liament. ' From the reading of these Letters many discourses of the People arose. For in them appeared nis transactions with the Irish Rebels, and' with the Queen for assistance from France and the Duke of Lorrain ; of both which circumstances we have already made some mention. Many good men were sorry that the King's actions agreed no better with his words ; that he openly pro- tested before God, with horrid imprecations, that he en- deavoured nothing so much as the preservation of the Protestant Religion, and rooting-out of Popery : yet, in the mean time, under-hand, he promised to the Irish ebels an abrogation of the Laws against them ; which contrary to his late expressed promises, in these words, t^»// never abrogate /he laws against the Papists. And igain, he said, I abhor to think of bringing foreign sol- diers into the Kingdom : and yet he sollicited the Duke of rrain, the French^ the Danes, and the very Irish, for istance. They were vexed also, that the King was so uch ruled by the will of his wife, as to do every thing by her prescript, and that Peace^ fVar, lleligiou^ and Parliament, should be at her disposal. It appeared besides out of those Letters, with what mind the King treated with the Parliament at UxLridge, and what could be hoped-for by that Treaty, when, writing to \ the Queen, he afnrnis, that, if he could have had but two more consenting to his Vote, he would not have ^ivr n the rame of Parliament to them at IP est minster : at last he agreed to it in this sense. That it was not all one to call them a Parliament, and to acknowledge them so to be i and upon that reason (which might have displeased his own side) he calls those with him at Oxford, a mun- grel Parliament. The King, after his overthrow at Nasebt/, fled to Litcl{field, and frome thence he went to Hereford, to raise forces (especially foot, for he had still store of brave horse. th«t 1^' X tfthis Civil War. 79 [Citizens, )resent ; new the ssud the )f which the Par- lurses ot isactions issistance th which mention. 5 actions ;nly pro- at he en- >n of the : yet, in he Irish i; which se words, f.9. And ^e'lgn sol- Duke of Irish, for g was so ery thing VON, and irhat mind \i!ge, and riling to but two [ve j;iv( a ; at last p// 07te to \ejH so io ispleasod a mun- fled to ,, to raise [vc horse, tlut <•' that came to him after that battle) in Wales, in Corn- wallf and in other places. But nothing at all that fol- lowing year piosj-'/ed with the King, Fortune inclining wholly to the V'arliament-side, whose cause it appeared that God approved, by the grant of so many strange and ^ ' signal victories to them: the valour of the Royalists avail- |' ed not, and all their endeavours fell to nothing. General Fairfax, after the battle of Nasehy, by long General Fairfax inarches, passed into the West. Taunton was relieved marche* into the only by the fame of his approach ; for Goring raised the ^^J^Jeduce. ifto*the siege, and went-away: That constant town had been obedience of the Par- reduced to great extremities ; it had suffered much, liaraent. ^ and done grent things against strong enemies, and could ,' '"[.t not at this time in possibility have held-out long without '' *' some relief. The Parliament rejoiced much at the deli- very of that town. Three Parliament>garnsons about that time, and the foregoing year, behaved themselves with such courage and constancy, as might deserve to be ce- , . lebrated in a larger history ; viz. Lime, Plymouth, and Taunton ; all wliich, (having been often besieged by Prince JWaunce, Generals Grccnn/e and (7orm^, and other Com- manders,) had not only held-out against those strong enemies, but much broken their forces. The things which that new army, under the conduct of 1 Fairfax did that following year (taking no rest all that sharp and bitter Winter ) were much to be wonda*ed-at;— how many strong towns and forts they took, — how many field-victories they obtained,— the stories of every severad I^".; month will declare ; of which, because they are more accurately described by other pens, I shall here only make a short mention : for within the space of one year, all the Western Counties of England, (great armies, under the conduct of Prince Rvpert, and the Generals Greenvile, Hopton, and Goring, being utterly vanquished and brought to nothing,) were reduced to the obedience of Parliament. In the months of .August and September were taken Bath and S/ia borne ; and Bristol itself, (the greatest and most wealthy (city of the whole West,) was, by Prince Ruptit, surrendered to General Fairfax. The army abo, when it was divided, by reason of the , mul'iplicity • • so J short Mention of the Progrm * March 40. 15» 1645- muIdpUdty of thdr wbrk, was not less successful in the parts of it. fFinchesterand Basingi^reK taken by Cromwell', the Devizes and Barclay, by other Commanders : Tturfax himself, marching (that cold December) into Devonshire^ took Tivertse(l bv the Par- lianieut's forces. Montrose gains a great victory over the army of the Scottish Covenanters at Kil* sitbe. In July, l(34d> r I A thori MetaUnofthe Pi ogress - h li V kill: for the cruel Montross spared none, crying-out, Tliey had no need of prisoners. This overthrow of Kilsithe, at one battle, would have ut- terly ruined the State of Scotland, if David Lesien/, about a month after, (by giving an absolute overthrow to Montross) had not restored it : for after this so unexpected a defeat, the State of Scotland had no army for a reserve, or force to stop the passage of the Conqueror ; to whom almost all their towns presently yielded. The Papists and ma* lignants, and all neuters, with those that had before dis- sembled their affections, now joined with him ; the rest were cut-^ff: all the chief Nobility of the Covenanters were forced to fly into England. '-^ A publick Fast and humiliation was kept by the Eng- lish, for the calamity of their brethren of Scotland ; Ge- neral Fairfax, and others of the chief Commanders, wrote to Leven, That they accounted the calamity o/ Scotland to be their own ; and that, if their affairs at home ttfould permit, and the Parliament would command it, they would earnestly undertake that war, and venture their bloods as freely for the Scots as for the English, till the Enemies of the three Kingdoms were fully vanquished. But Montross his cruel reign lasted not long ; scarce a David lS?* at Sel^ ^^°*® month. For, to vindicate Scotland, David Lesley was kirk) in September, Sufficient ; who, with his horse, coming thither, at Selkirk, )04d. gave Montross so total a defeat, that it seemed fully to recompence Kilsithe ; the victory was gotten in an hour's space, and, (as it was observed by a German writer) upon the same day that the Queen of England, at Paris, was singing Te Deum Laudamus for Montross his victory , .. * zt Kilsithe. ' Thus was Scotland recovered before the King could ' "\ come to Mont. OSS : which, notwithstanding, the King soon after attempted, and. marching Northward with a strength not contemptible, (having Gerard and Langdale The King marcfiei \^'ith him,) came to ^ou/ffn^eaM. His design was, that, if northwards, in order he could not join wiih Montross, yet, at the least, *e might tn relieve I he Citv nf • r • ** r >.m r • t-. i« i i Chiiti-r, which i« be- ^ise the Siege of Chtster: forthe Kmg was exceedingly sol- •ieged by the Ptrlia- Hcitous to obtain the possession of that city, because it waS "" '" * ""° the most convenient haven to receive the transported Irish, whom he so long in vain expected. But that expedition proved most uni'urtunate to the King ; for, in a battle fought upon But it afterward* in* Bieai'* lurcci. in m • / -#*.■ r-OUt, veut- jouta tress) lefeat, r force almost id n»- >redis* he rest aanters e Eng- i} Ge- s, wrote Icotland \e vfould ey would bloods as lemies of scarce a .j«fcyva8 \X Selkirk, fully to in hour's writer) lat Paris, lis victory ing could Ithe King ird with a [Langdale Is, that, if liie might ^useitwa6 gd Irish, Expedition [lie fought upon of this Civil War, upon Routenkeatk, where Pointzvrzs Commander of the But is defeated at Parliament's Army, the Kin^ was vanquished, and eight ^^^Cp^i^. ^ hundred of his men were slain. Nor was the Lord Digbie's expedition to Montr oss, more fortunate^ who, in the following month, together with Langdale^ having got together one thousand horse, * marched into the North to that purpose. For, at Sherburn in Yorkshire, he was beaten and put to flight by Poiniz, Copley t and other Parliamentarians; and afterwards, at Carlisle, he was defeated h'^ Broivn zad Leslet/', and having lost all his forces, fled into the Isle of Man, to the Earl of Derby ; from whence, shortly after, he pas- sed into Ireland, When Digby was defeated at Sherborn, i-.ord Digbv is de- other secret letters and papers of the King's.were taken. *;^^^^^l Le'terHf whereby some designs of his were laid-open, and some the King are taken. things more clearly discovered about his transactions with the Danes Irish, and others. The Royalists, at Oxford, did much blame Digby for his carelessness, in having car- ried such papers with him into a battle, as would hardly * have been saufe enough in the strongest fort ; espedally, when they remembered ^7hat a stir was made about the lettct-s taken at Naseby. Digby was now in Ireland, and (about the end of l.ord Disbv's pro- December) together with Ormond, treating about a peace <^«*'»'ns»»n l^la"*^- with the Irish ; when, on a sudden, the King's affairs be- gan to be endangered there, by the divulging of Glamor- gan s secret transactions with the Irish Rebels, of which we spake before ; Ormond and Digby, fearing lest, if this discovery should grow too general among the people, all the former rumours should find credit ; as, namely, ** that the King was Author of the Irish Rebellion, and sought to confirm Popery }" from whence a general revolt of all the Protestant.8 might be feared ; and, although Dt'^6jr thought Olamtrgan to be an unadvised man, yet he could - . . not suppose him to be so foolish as to have undertaken such a thing as that without any warrant at all. Therefore it was agreed betwixt them, that (for fear lest, when this discovery should be grown more general, it might be too late to vmdicate the Sing) Digby should presently accuse ^'■ ■ „• Glamorgan of Treason' But Ormond and Digby were | both troubled with this fear, (because at that time three , < , thousand Irish were promised to go- over to the relief o2 «l 84 jI short Mention of the Progress II of Chester) lest by this unseasonable vindication of the King, Chester might be lost, for want of lransj>ortation of those forces. But, when they understood that, accord- ing to Glamorgan's compact, those Irish were not to go for England, before the King had made good the conditions which Glamorgan promised, . and confirmed - the peace ; and, while they were consulting about this , perplexed business, it was told them. That the Protes- .' tants of Dublin, upon that news, were in a great mutiny, and the worst was feared in a few hours, unless the danger were speedily prevented ; Digby was enforced to make haste, and accuse Glamorgan (who was not at all dismay- ed, knowing it was only to deceive the people,) of High- Treason. Glamorgan therefore, with great confidenceand alacrity, went to prison, affirming, That he did not fear to give account at London, or before the Parliament, of ' what he had done by the King's warrant : but it was won- • ' dcrful to see what a change in the Protestants at Dublin, this feigned accusation of High-Treason suddenly made ; and that they who before murmured, were now appeased. But yet there remained another difficulty to be got- ,jA . . over; Ormond was fearful, lest the Irish, incensed by this injury done to Glamorgan, should suddenly fly to . arms, before the King's forces were ready for them. To prevent that danger, he wrote to Mnskerri/ concerning the reasons of this action, and the extreme necessity ; and, . withal, he seemed to approve the conditions for peace, as the Rebels had proposed them, and sent them to Kilkenny to be further discussed, with some dubiousness of the ' event. This might spend time, until some new hopes of relieving Chester, or otherwise supplying the King, might I arise. But all these devices nothing availed the King : all his designs were frustrated ; nor could he ever bring into ; England in army either of Irish Rebels, Lorrainers, or . * Danes, (God providing better for that Kingdom) until at last all his forces, every where, were vanquished, and wholly subdued, by the Parliament. For, in the following 2"!;unelJie.U!u"thJ ^^^^^ ©^ February, that very City of Chaster, for which rariiamenfs army- he had been so sollicitous, — a City so often besieged, and lofebruari, 1645-40. jjo^y |ong defended by LVrow,— came into the power of the Pailiament j la.i "iv ofthit Civil War, ^-^ ^ 9S of the ortation accord- not to ood the nfirmed out this Protes- mutiny, e danger to make - I dismay- ofBigh- lenceand not fear ment, of was won- rt Dublin, ily made } appeased, to be got- pensed by aly fly to hem. 10 :oncerning ' ssity ; and, ■ peace, as 3 Kilkenny ess of the w hopes of ing, might ng: all his bring into •rainers, or m ) until at lished, and le following , for which jsicged, and KJwer of the ?ailiamait j Sir John Ashley, the King's General, i« Parliament ; for BiroUf the Govemour, upon honourable terms, delivered it up to Breerton. Nor was the King's side more lucky in any county of En}! land ; for, besides the whole West of England^ which (in that Winter, and the following Spring) Had, by many field victories, and gaining of towns, been conquered' by Fair/ax ; in the midland counties also, in the North, and in fVtilts ; in several battles, all that time, the Royalists were vanquished by eminent .Commanders of the Parlia- ment, such as were Massfy, Pointz, Brown, Rossiter, j[Iition,Gell,Br€ertf.n,Langhorni and others; and in the month of March (which was the last noted field-victofy) ,. Sir John Jsh/ey himself, the King's General, was van- quished by Morgan in a memorable battle, and taken pri- ^^f -. j t s • soner, with one thousand, six hundred, of his men. yish- Giouceitmhire,^ *" ley, when he was taken, spake aloud these words : You ^arch 39, 1045-40. have dene your work, and wholly vanquished tffe King's . party,unless your own dissensions raise them Qgain^ - , >* At this time Newark, the strongest garrison of the Newark is besieged King's, (which had lone, and much, infested the adjacent ^ *''". P"l«ment- . • \ . • 1 u • J u r n • . J Forces, inNoveoiber. countries,) was straitly besieged by Leven, Potnlz, and 1545. Rossiter \ and General Fa/r/ioK, after reducing of the West, having provided what was fit, hastened to besiege Oxjord, the head of the war. The King having now no < g2ixri&ov\i^\^{x.,h\xiBaahury,Wallingf(ird,lVorcester, Rag- land^ and Pendennis ', all which, in a short time after, . ■ , were also taken, and could glory only in this, that they had held-out after Oxford, The besieged Newarhers, though the plague raged in . the town, and they began to want victuals, yet sustained themselves upon hopes of some dissensions that might arise between the English and the Scots. For now the Scots began to complain of want of pay, Dlssensiont arise be> of the negltct of Church-government, and the Covenant: *^**", **!* Sc'»">»h the Parliament answered, that that Scottish army, in two S thrEoglish'pitt. years space had received above two hundred thousand l»uicnt. pounds for pay, besides a vast sum of money, which they had by force extorted from the poor, weeping, inhabitants ot the Northern cr, unties ; and, bw'sides that, their army had not satisfied the expectation of the English, but had luiit iUle in the best time of the year ; —if they were so pre- G S cise « ' 86 A sfiori Mention of the Progress May, 1646. * Or Montreuii. ci^<^ ih observation of the Covenant, \vhy then, contrary to the Covenant, did the Scots put garrisons bto JVew- castief Tinmouths zadCarlis/e; ndtner was it just in the Scots to object any thing in the case of Religion, seeing the Parliament are now labouring in it^ being a budness which requires time, and mature deliberation. From these jars the King hoped for some advantage to himself; and nOw Oxford began to be blocked*up by JretoH zxid Fleetwood, and every day the coming of Fair- fax himself, and a straiter siege of that City, was expect- ThfKinptgoesoutof ed. Therefore, before this should happen, the King 2jf'!ipi"rt**to "'tu; resolved to go-out of Oxford, and, communicating his Scottish Army, in mind to some inward Counsellors, he pitched upon the Scottish -camp, as the place, to which, above all others, he thought fit to resort, for the safety of his person, and the restoration of some part of his former regal authority. To the Scots, therefore, as they lay before Newark, the King sent Moniruei*, the French Ambassador ; and him- self soon after, (under the disguise of a servant of his fa- vourite, Wc/John Ashbumham, with a cloak-bag behind him,) escaped, unknown, omX. oi Oxford, md came to ':L Neivark, j From this enterprise the King was dissuaded by some^ /(who loved the safety of their country,) and was entreated / rather to deliver himself to Pa(//a4r; which might, in proba* j bilit)^, put an end to the War. But the King was obstinate i in lus design, not doubting but that, (dissensions daily I growing between the two Nations,) he should be the more \ welcome to the Scots, and safe from harm, and be able, - I by this means, either to make a Peace upon his own con- l^didons, or to kindle a new War. The Town of New- The King came, first, to MontrueVs house, and from \ht'lS!h^mt^ *^^"*^^ *® ^outhweU,mo the Scottish camp. The besieged Newarhers, havmg received information of the King's coming, and being brought into great straits by the be- sieging army, barkened to conditions, and surrendered the town. The Scots seemed to be amazed at the King's unex- pected coming to them, and so signined the matter to the JLnglieh Commissioners, then present with them upon the place. Letters were immediately written of it to London, vind to Edinburgh. The English Parliament required the Scots to detain th? King at Southwell, But they, contrary : > .': . ■ r. "~" ' ■^^ ■ ' 'to ofthitavilWar. a? :ontrary J^etu- just in Leligion, being a ation, ntage to id-up by of Fair- 1 expect- he King ating his jpon the [1 others, son, and uthority. )arkf the md him- >f his h" g behind came to L ly some> entreated in proba* obstinate )ns daily the more be able, own con- md from besieged le King's thebe- dered the g's unex- ter to the upon the London, |uired the contrary to to that Order, carried him away to Kelham, where a The Scottish Army greater part of their army Isty, and soon after, without SStif {hJ*^'Sf jl*5[ expecting any further Orders from the Parlhment of cuUeupaaTyiie. England, removed their camp, marched Northward, and carried-away the King with them to Newcastk, The Scots excused their departure, because, Newark being yielded, no work was left for them ; but alledged. That, as the King came to them of his own accord, unex* pected, so he followed their Army, neither being entreated, fwr forbidden, by them* But they seemed to hasten their departure, by reason of a rumour (whether true or falsely pretended) that Cromwe//, with all his horse, was march- mgtowards them. - , ^ But the English, upon this, complained much, both against the Scots and the King ; To the Scots, they ob- • jected the breach of the Covenant and Tredtjf \ To the King, they imputed it. As a great obstina^ and delight toward the English Nation, whom he had so long iryured, that now, in his low ebb, he should, being in England, leave ,' the Parliament of England, to go to the Scots, their Mercenaries : if 'he desired Peace, why did he not em» brace it; being offered upon such conditions, as, besides his necessities, the common safety of his PeoJ^e invited . i...,rf,'< !•' bim to ? rather than ffo-about to kindle new fire between the two confederate Nations, In the beginningof May, General Fairfax, with his whole Sir Thomas Ffirfiuc army, came within sight of Oxford, and disposing his {*^JiJ**^?J^^^ quarters round about the City, summoned the Govemonr " *^' Sir Thomas Glenham, to surrender it: Gltnham answered, that he would, first, send to the King, and, when hp knew his mind, would do what was fitting : this answer was not allowed. Nevertheless, Fairfax, considering within him- self (which was also the opinion of his Commanders) that it was likely to prove a long siege, being a City excellently well- fortified, and a strong garrison in it, consisting of at least five thousand men, most of them old soldiers, stored with provisions, arms, and ammunition, for a great while ; yet was put into hope of sooner obtaining it, by intelligence which he had gotten out of letters, and by some r .> ^ '-^ Spiet, that, within the City, they were much divided in L r '\ their opinions ', and the greater part (especially those of the o 4 Nobility) /' t8 A short Mention of the Progrefi •' Nobility) desired that it should be surrender^ J, tiiat they might obtain (while it was yet timej) honourable conditions, 'i'herefore they began to treat; and not only ^)etween the ■Army and theCity, but in the Parliament at London, it was debated, and at last decreed. That the besieged should ra- ther have the best conditions, than that their precious army should be consumed before so strong a place, whilst, in the mean time, many things might fiall-out ill to the Commonwealth. But the chief reason of granting such large condi- tions was, that the conquering army, it being now Mid- summer, might be transported into Ireland, to vindicate that afflicted Country against the barbarous and bloody Rebels. But that pious intention of the Parliament was quite frustrated by the King's going to the Scots, with whom at times there were some jealousies ; and that the King went to. the Scots for that very purpose, it was believed, by letters ( which were intercepted afterwards) written to Ormond, before he went-out of Oxford, stating. We hope that this design of ours, though it may seem dan- gerous to our person, will prove advantageous for Ireland, in hindering the Rebels (meaning the Parliament) from transporting any forces into that Kingdom" Thus Oxford was surrendered ; and, at the appointed day, all the i^oldiers of that garrison marched-away bv Fairfax his army, with great quiet and modesty on both > The Duke of York was honourably conducted to * London, where two of the King's children remained : thither also went all the Noblemen ; nor was it denied to any of the besieged to go to London. But the Princes, Rupert 2JiA Maurice, being commanded to go out of England, prepared for their departure. The Great Seal of England, with other Ensigns of Ma- jesty, were layed-up in the Library, and, being afterwards carried to Xon^on, was, by the command of Parliament ^ (for the Parliament, when the Great Seal, three years be- * fore, was carried.away to the King, had made a new one) broken in pieces, together with the other smaller Seals. v'ST'rStt'totlf ^""*^® Charles, about that time, distrusting the con- IilandofJeney? *dition of his side, fled ixom Scilly, with a few of his inward Counsellors, and went to Jersey, that from thence he The Kitij^'s motive for deli vering himself to the Scotiibh Army vras, in part at least, to favour the Popisii Rebels'in Ireland ITie City of Oxford if surrendered to the Parliament-army, upon honourable conditions, June u, gjjpa '^:- -»"', of this Civil War. 99 it they irions. en the x - it was ildra- sarmy list, in to the condi- r Mid- idicate t>loody int was , with lat the it was wards) >tating« mdarim reland, ) from )ointed way bv n both >; :ted to* lained : nied to rinces, out of ofMa- rwards lament ars be- wone) Seals. le con- of his thence he he might pass into France to the Queen, his Mother. While the Prince remained in Jersey, the Commissioners , both of England and Scotland^ intreated the King, that the Prince his Son might continue within his Dominions, lest, if he should go into France^ it might be inconvenient at this time, and an obstruction to the desired Peace. But the King, promising them that he would think of it, wrote in the mean time this short letter to the Prince. CHARLES, I write to you only that you should know where 1 am^ and that I am in healthy not to direct you at this time in any thing ; for what I would have you do^ I have already written to your Mother y to whom 1 would have you be obedient in all things ^ except Religion (about which, I know, she will not trouble you) y and go no whither wit lout her, cr my. Command; write often tome, God bless you. Your loving Father, C. R. This letter was intercepted going from Newcastle to Jersey in a small vessel, and was read in Parliament, to their great grief. Soon after the surrender of Oxford, followed the end of this fierce War. For IVorceater, Wallingford, Fenden- nes, and Ragland, yielded also to the Conquerors. Peace ' now seemed to be restored to England', but they had no .' security. For the Parliament (having vanquished the com- mon Enemy) were grievously troubled with Factions ^^^l ,„ 'theTparj'la- among themselves, and divided under the unhappy names mcnt between the of Presbyterians and Independents, Nor was it only in InTenSnu.'*"'' '*'*'' those things which concerned Church-goveriypient, but in the transaction of almost all other businesses, that they debated fiercely, and were divided in their votes. The same difference (namely of Presbyterian and Independent) troublec^, not only the Parliament-House, but the City, the Country, and some of the Camps, seeming a thing that threatened danger ; and the Parlia- ment feared that Massey^s forces (which had deserved very well of the Commonwealth) being quartered about the Devizes, might, under that name, make a Mutiny : wherefdre ■'^ii'n .'s-i' Indepeiidants. 90 -A ihort Mention oftht Progress n i A body of Hone, of 8500 mtnt under the command of Major- Seneitil Massey, are isbanded at the De« vizes in Wiltshire. Sir Thomai Fairfax retttrns to Lo niton, and receives the thanksofbothHouset of Parliament tor his eminent services (o the State, in the late Civil War. Novem- ber 14, 1646. wherefore General Fairfax was sent from Oxford into the West to disband (the War being ended V those forces of Maisefy bdng two thousand, five hundred, horse : which thine was quietly done, within eight days, and all those soldiers, with reaay obedience, left their Colours, although they were not fully paid at that time ; for which Maueij (as for other things) was much commended, in being careful, by advising his soldiers, that this business, with- out any dimcuItY, should be so ended. The War being now quite finisned, Fairfax, the victorious preserver or the English Parliament, returned to London^ about the midst of November, All good 'men longed to see that great soldier, (whom they could not but admire,) by whose valour they were delivered from the worst of evils, and were now in expectation of an happy Peace. The next day after he came to London ; that he might see the gratitude of the Parliament, the House of Peers sent their Speaker, Manchester, whom the Earls of Aor- thumberland, Pembroke, and many other Nobles accom- panied; who congratulated his return, and gave him great thanks for his most faithful and happy services to the Commonwealth. When the Lords were gone, Lenthal, the Speaker of the House of Commons, with about three hundred Members of that House, came to congratulate the General ; to whom Leiuhal made a speech, wherein he discoursed of the greatness of his actions, extolling them, by ex- amples of the most great and famous Heroes ot ancient timts. " You, (said he), noble General, shall allpoaterHy admire and honour \ and the People of Enghnd, iince they ran givejfou no thanks equal to your merits, do freely confess themselves forever indebted to you, as the hoppy instrument of God, and finishei of our Wars, with in- credible auccess,''* 1 o which the modest Fairfax made a short reply, Achne'wiedging himself unworthy of su great an honour, and giving most humble thanks to the Parliament, atvouiUin^ it his greatest happiness in this tvorld, to be made by God, instrumental for the good of his Country But the General stiiid not long at London ^ being pre- sently after sent to carry the money lor the Scots into the North, of this Civii War. 91 ■j-v-' North, of which we shall speak afterwards ; in the mean time we will return to the King and the Scots. On the sixth of May, 1646, long before the surrender Dispates between th^ cf Oxford, when the Parliament of ^wg^/awrf understood g^ll^i^il^R R^^^^ that the King was with the Scots, when the Scots also posal of the penon had disobeyed their Orders ; which were. That they o^*^* King, May 6, should detain the King at Southwell, and that Ashbum- ' * ' ham, with the rest of his followers, should be sent to London, (of which the Scots obeyed neither, letting jishhumham and the rest escape, and carrying the King into the North) the Parliament, after a long Debate of both Houses, at last voted. That the person of the King should be disposed-of by the authority of both Houses of the Parliament of England. But the Scots, excusing themselves, and refusing to deiiver-up the King, a great dissension happened between the two Nations, which did much animate the Royalists, and seemed dangerous to the two Kingdoms. Many complaints were made upon this occasion, and many hard invective writings were published, on both sides, for the fl|Mice of divers months. The Scots alledged, that he was no less King of Scot- land than of England ; and that therefore their Kingdom had some right to the disposing of him : The English affirmed, that his person was to be disposed-of by the au- thority of that Kingdom in which he then was ; and they set-forth, as a very strange thing, that a Scottish Armyt paid by the Parliament of England, and wliich, by the Compact of both Kingdoms, was to be governed by Commissioners of both Kingdom's upon the place, shouldy notwithstanding, receive the King q/" England, without the consent or knowledge of the English Com- missioners, and carry him away to Newcastle, a town of England, and there keep liimt without the consent of the Parliament of Enghnd. In the midst of th^e gre^t dissensions -, which, not' withstanding, the prudence of some men did so well ' moderate, (whilst the common enemy and factious spirits sought to aggravate them) that they proved not pernicious to the Kingdoms, the main business, and things necessary for the Common f^ood, were unanimously and friendly transacted 92 A short Mention of the Progress t 4 They at length agree transacted between the two Nations: and, among other it " elwUe! niSf' things. Concerning the sending of propositions to the teen Proposition* of King,/or a firm and Well grounded Peace, it was debated. Peace, July id,i646. g^j gf |jjgj agreed, that nineteen Propositions (so many there were) should be sent to Newcastle, to the King } which, because they are long, and fully recited in a "'' larger History, I will not relate in this Epitome. These Propositions were sent-away to the King upon " the fifteenth of July, one thousand, six hundred, forty- six, and presented to his hands at Newcastle, by the Commissioners of both Houses of Pariiament, namely, ' the Earl o{ Pembroke, theEarlof Z^ew/'/^A, and the Lord Mouniague, of the Peers, and six of the House of Com- mons ; the Commissioners of the Parliament of Scotland being present and consenting to them. And that the King might ct)nceivc himself to be dealt withal like a King, and not as a vanquished man, and a captive, this preface, by the consent of the Parliaments of both Kingdoms, was set before the Propositions. The respectful Ad- drest to the Kinir, May it please ^oui Majesty, m JFE, the hords and Cammotis assembled tn nrefixetTto'^he^satd the Parliament o/' KiiulanH, in the Name, and Vropo,itioni. ^^ ^J^^ behalf, of the^ Kingdom of l-'.niriaiul and Ireland; and the Commissiofieta of the Varliament o/'Seotlaiui, in the Name, and ofi the behaf, of the Kingdom ^Scotland; do humbly lire sent unto your Majesty the humble det^ires and Propositions for a safe and well-grounded Peace, agreed-u/ion by the Parliaments of both Kivp^dums res/iectively ; unto which we do Jiray your Majesty s assent ; and that they, and all such Pills as shall be tendered to your Majesty in /lursuattce of them, or of any of them, may be established, and enacted for Staluies and Acts of Parliament, by \our Majesty s Royal Assent^ in the Parliaments of both Kingdoms respectively,^ The Lords and Commons, Commissioners of the Par- iiament of England, staid lung with the King at i\tw- ciiiile, of this Civil t^^ar. 9S castle^ humbly entreating him, that he would vouchsafe to sign and establish those Propositions, being not much higher than those wiMch had been offered to his Majesty at Uxbr dge, when the chance of War was yet doubtful. The same thing did the Commissioners of the Parliament in Sco'land humbly entreat ; and the like did others daily, who came with renewed supplications to that end, from the Parliament sitting at Edinburgh. But in vain were the supplications of both Kingdoms ; the Ivmg persisted obstinately in denial of his Assent. But daily he seemed to take exceptions at some particulars ; whereby time was delayed for some months, and the affairs of both Kingdoms much retarded : which happened at an unseasonable time, when not only the dissensions between the two Nations about garrisons, money, and other things, were justly fearjd, but also, in the Parlia- ment of England^ and City of London, the Divisions were then encreasing between the two Factions of the Preshijte' rians and the Independents ; from whence the commcA enemy began to swell with hopes, not improbable. And this, perchance, was the cause of the King's delay. But those hopes of the enemy soon vanished ; and this very averseness of the King did in some measure compose the dissensions uf the Parliaments ', insomuch that they began unanimously to consult, how they might settle the affairs of both Kingdoms (since it could not otherwise be) without the King. 1 herefore, it was 't ated in the Par- liament of England, to pay the Scots 'or their assistance in this War, and at last agreed, thr.t th. wSjotj^ should re- ceivc four hundred thousand pounds, f.aii of »^al■ slh', namely, two hundred thousand •^ur.cis, waF o be paid at present; upon receipt of whi, h. i he Scots v "re to de- liver- up Berwick , Carlide, and l\''ioct.yi'e, to the Parlia- ment of England, according to *.h': Compact P vas also debated, tiiough with much tin., and uitiiculty, where the King's person should be di.sp( bed, ia case he did; absolutely and utterly, refuse his ^ isent to the Proposi- tions -f at which niettmg it was freely granted by the Parliament to the Scots, that they might car.v ihe King (it the yplt dsed) to fdnburgh. But that tae Scots re- iuscd| afoiming, that, by his presence in an uu^iettled Kii.^doin, The King refiiie$ to agree to the Mid Propositions. N.B. The Parliaments of the two Nations, at Icni^.h resolve to se>tlp the afTair* of both Kingdoms with- out theKing'sconsent. The King is left at liliprty to chute in which of the two Kiiudonu he will itkidt. N.B. 94 I A »hort Mention of the Progress Kingdom, new commotion^ might arise; they rather desired (which was also the King's desire) that he might be carried into the Southern parts of Engla}id, and hve in c^me of his Palaces near London, which they thought more convenient for treating of a Peace, as if EngiarJ were not ^ the same danger by his presence. So that, in ail that whole debate, they seemed to contend, not who should have the King, but who should not have him. Whilst these things were transacting, and the King daily was humbly entreated, by both Kingdoms, to*grant his Assent to these Propositions ; the Earl of Louden, Chancellor of Scotland, about the end of Au^mt, when the Conmtiissioners of both Kingdoms were present, «nade an Oration to the King, which, because it opens the bu- siness in some measure, shall be recited. « u u (( it '^?-'• " YOUR Majesty was pleased on Moiidiiy last, to call the spcecn aaaressea •« y y^) ^ Majesty was pleased on Moiidtiy last, to calJ lh« irl f)f Louden, " Commissioners of the Parliament of Sro/Aine/, and, impart Scotland, about July 28, 1046. A Speech addressed to Kar Lord Chancellor of " iua the Propositions to them, to promise that you would " likewise impart your Answer before you sent it ; but so *' short is the Commisaioners* prefixed time, and of so great " momeat (either to the safety or ruin of your Crown and " Ki.igdoms) is your Majesty's Answer; that wc should he '' wanting both to God and our own trust, if we should not ** represent to your Majesty, how necessary it is (in this con- •* junctureof tune) That you should grant yourassent to these ** Propositions ; and what an incurable malady, and sudden " ruin, must needs follow upon your denial. I shall beg^n with " the disease, and speak after of the remedy: — The differences " beiwixt your Majesty and Parlinment (known to no man ** better than yourself), are at this time so high, that (after ** so manj^' bloody battles) no composure can be made, nur " a more certain ruin avoided, without a present pacifira- " tion. The Parliament are in possession ol your Navy, of " all the Towns, Castles, and ¥ovts of Engiand ; they enjoy, " besides, Sequestrations, and your Revenue. Soldiers and " Uionies are raised by their authority, and, after so many '* victories and successes, they have a standing, strong, " Army, who, for the'r strength, are able to act any thing in " Church Qr ComuionweaUh, nt their own plcMurc. liesides, " there of this Civil War, 95 «c tl ** there are some S) fearful, others so unwilling, to submit to " your Majeiity, that they desire neither yourself, nor any of " your Issue, to reign oyer them. The people, weary of War', and groaning under taxes, though they desire Peace* yet are so much against the pulling-^owti of Monarchy, " (under which they have long flourished,) that they which *' are weary of your Government, dare not go-about to throw *' It off, until they have, (once at least,) offered Propositions " of Peace to your Majesty, lest the vulgar, (without whose " concurrence they cannot perfect the work,) should fall " from them. Therefore, when the whole People, weary " of War, desire security from pressures and arbitrary " rule : the most Honourable Houses of Parliament have " consented to offer these Propositions to your Majesty, " without which, the greater part of the people do suppose, " the Kingdom can neither enjoy Peace nor Safety. Tbere- " fore, your Majestie's friends, and the Commissioners " of Scotland, though not without some reluctation, were " forced to consent to the sending of these Proposition>, (for " else none had been sent,) or else incur the publick hatred, " as enemies to Peace. Now, Sir, if your Majesty, (which " God forbid,) should deny to sign these Propositions, you " would lose all your friends, both in City and Country ; and ** all England, as one man, would rise-up ogainst you ; it " may then be feared, (all hope of reconciliation be'ng taken "away) that they may cite you, depose you, a and the Commissioners of Scodand, they at tlio 'pay due to them the last agreed upon the aforesaid sum, namely, that Fni-lish two hundred thousand pounds should be forthwith paid to the Sects } which money, being told-out, was, by Ge- rieral fairjax^ with part of his Forces, conveyed out of London, who afterwards comn-.ktted the busintss to Major-General Sk'ipj^on. And he, with six regiments, inarchcd-away in the midst of Winter, and in January came to ^ 'nv>.a>tle upon Tyne with the money. Tile Ikois, when hey had received their money, according to the Compact, delivered-iip the English garrisons, Berwick^ Cat lisle, and Newcastle^ into the Parliament's hands, and marched quietly home into Scot- t. iJic Vngiisli I'ai' laud ; they delivered also the King to the English Com- ' !;X''' home'' ii'iTJ ""^«oners, to be carried into the South, who was received o. vUttuu. with t! oni the Nation; in J;:uuaiv, 1646-47. And fliprcupon tlc- iuri«-ii|) thi' three towns of Herwitk, < ailisli'.&NewcastIc, i rhich your lings, night lat no 1 con- ; Par" would rocure happi- •ndea- mind. es, but spent jidst of eKing e him, f might Ke two peace- liament they at that h paid y Ge- out of Intss to ments, anuary money, English :»to the ito Scot- h Com- received with « \ lathis Civil War. was received with great respect and honoiif, by the Eairl of Pembroke and Denbigh, and the rest of theP^rUii- ment-CotrimissJoners, and by them waHed-on with great obs^aftce,- antl" an hoiiY)urabIe guard, to his Palace of Mblmbyt m Northamptonshire. These things were done in the month of February, at which time the £ad of Suimfoxdf Mr. Goodwin, and Mr. Ashufst, of the House of Common^, were sent Commissioners by the Parliament imto litotland, that at Edinburgh they might treat with the Scottish Parliament abbut the Common Afl^trs'. Though the King's party, which had fought against theii' Parlfelitt6ht artd Liberties, were absolutely subdlied, yet a- quiet liberty and security could not be'suddenry ob- tained by the victory. For, the Civil War being ended, a dissensibrij more th^Tn Civil, arose among the Cdniquerors, which seehii^d therefore more sad to all good men, be- cause it was between those who, before, hal. With most united affections and desires, thrown their Lives alid Fortunes into hazard against a common Enemy, ahd whom the same cause, the same fervour of reforming Religion, and restoring Liberty, and the same prayers, had linked-together in the nearest bond of conscience. By this division of the friends of Liberty into two par- ties, under the names of Presbyterian and Independent which was continually encreasing, the minds of men catne to be embittered against each other beyond all measure ; one side complained, that the Covenant was broken j the other, that it was not rightly interpreted by them, not so as that it could any way be a vindication ot the cause undertaken for the publick safety. On both sides were men of great reputation. Yet did they not, at first, so fir dissent, but thlt bbfK sides seemed forward to vindicate the Common Cause against the King's party, who were called Atalignitnts, It must be a longer tune, that must by degrees so far Work Up- on the consciences ot tiiai side which seemed weakest, as to make thora cleave to the Maiignants for a prop. The Malignants were ready to joiii with either side, that they mip^hf J uin both. For 'fity themselves (though disarmed), were now beco; le the greatest number ; especially by the uncoostancy of many men, dther upon particular grievan- ces, or on account ot iLe burdenof taxations, A great num. li ber §7 The Parliament of England sends three Commissioners to Edinburgh, to treat with the Parliament of Scotland, in Fe* bruary, 1646-47. Violent dissensions Prevail between the resbjiteriana and the Independents. m. ^^' ■ ^ 98 A short Mention of the Progress berof the Citizens of London, not of the meanest, but highest rank, had revolted from their former principles ; insomuch that the inhabitants of that City (all the Kii|g's ' Garrisons baying been, by Fairfaxes bloodless victories, emptied into it) came to be in such a condition of strength, as that the Parliament, without the Army's help, could not safely sit there. These dissensions of Prei^y/erfOM and Independents ( because the motives and intentions of n* ' men are not enough known) our purpose is to touch mth more brevity than the actions of open War and plain hostility ; though they also are here shortly mentioned. It were a work of too much length and difficulty, to re- cite how many Calumnies were raisied by the other Faction against the Army (which had before been so much admir- ed ) as bein^ maintainers of the Independent Faction; how divers Petitions were drawn-up^ and subscriptions eagerly sought hi theCouRty of Essex, against this army; whicE was then quartered about IValden, in the month oi April, And in the Parliament itself it was so far, and in that man* ner, debatedi concerning disbanding of that army ; tnat the soldiers (being now taught *''. value their own merits) conceived themselves much injured ; and, in the month of grows May, presented a Petition to their General ; in which and they desire to be satisfied, not only for their due pay, as toUiei?Geneial.'* in 8ol"i*fs, but in things concerning the publick Liberties^ May, 1647. which they had fought-for, and wmch, they said, belonged to them as free-born sons of the Nation : of which PeU- tion great complaint was made by those of the other Fac* tion. These, and some other altercations, wrought at last so A |)artv of them seiz. ^> ^ ^^^ thesoldiers, about the beginning of June (upon «* *5j«^ i^|nK» person what design, or what jealousies, I leave my readers to 1\^SL\^\Z: J>dgO took-away the King from Holmby, out of the Par- ten of the Army. Uament- Commissioners' hauds, and Carried him along with June 4, 1647. them to the army, so that his person was to be in some Town or Pr.lace near to their Quarters. When this was known, it was ordered by both Houses of Parliament^ (and their Order was sent to the General J , Votes of the Pailia- l> That the King should reside at Richmond. iqeut thereupon. a. j'hat he should be attended by the same persons that he was attended-by, at Holmby. 3. That Kos&ittr's Reg^i merit should ^uard him* But The Array discontented. ?1 thel ticel nial certi atti Lotg tha[ sust daill der \ -■*■ but ncs, igth, :ould rians tnsof couch plain ned. tore- acdon idnur- ijhow «gerly ^hick April. itmp- jl tnat merits) onth of L which pay, as berties, elonged ;h Pctl- ler Fac- it last so le (upon aders to he Par- ing with |in some Ihis was iiameDt> Ions that Bat .. - ' '-.■•'9 .- . , . m-^t: ^fthh Civil War. • >/^ '« But the next day, from the Generali and his Council of Officers, was brought to the Parliament, an Impeach- ment against eleven Members of the House of Commons, viz. (honoured names, many of them) HolJis, Stapleton, fValler, Glyn, Massey^ Maynardt Lewisy Clotworthy, Long, Harlef^ and Nichols. Wherein divers things wen? objected, concerning the Relief of Ireland, ob- structing Justice, and acdng somewhat against the Army, and the Laws of England, The Impeached Members declared themselves ready to answer to any crime that could be objected against them. But another request came from the army, that those Impeached Members, until they had brought>in their answer, might be secluded from their Seats in Parliament. This, at the first, was not granted, as a thing judged to be too high, ari too much against the priviledge of Parliament. But, when the army iterated their desire, those accused Members, by leave of the Parliament, made a voluntary secession for six months. Concerning that Order of Parliament, that the King should go to Richmond, the General de- sired to be excused, intreatmg them not to command that, until things were more quiet, and that they would appoint no residence for the King nearer to London, than they would allow the quarters of the army to be. After which the King was conveyed to Royston, thence to Ha{field, not long after to Causum, while the army quartered at ReaiSng, From whence, when the General with his army marched to Bedford, the King went to th^ Earl of Bedjord's house, near IVoobum, About that time was rumoured a very dangerous conspira- cy in London, of Citizens, Apprentices, and others, against the Army ; namely, that many Citizens, and Appren- tices, and other people, had privately enlisted themselves to makea force against the army. The General, hearing ofthis, certified the City's Commissioners, (who were then with him at the head-quarters) of it; who there-upon made haste to London, to inquire into, and to quiet, those troubles. But at that time, bet ween the twoembittered Factions, nothing but suspicions aiKl tumults could be observed. These jealousies daily increasing, on July 22, the Parliament made an Or- der to change ihauVHitia of the City, which had been esta- H *Z blished '99 TheArmy impetchet •leven Members of the House of Com- mons. June 1^ 1047* The impeached Members voluntarily secede from P^lia- ment for six month*. June 26> 1647. i The Parliament changes the Militia of London, in com- pliance with the de- sires of the Army. July Si, 1047. iQP 'I'lie Citizens, and Apprentices afLon- Hont sarround the Parliament in a tu- multuous manner, and force them to make some new Or- ders. July 26, 1647. I'he Parliameol is, adjourned to July SO, and on that day several of the Mem* hers meet, and make tlie Orders required b^ the Citizens Rut othjCn, of the Mf^nibers of both ;!<»ti«tfp,"" w^o Were I >(iit!ini(umNrtliAn t'lcfojmpr, hi^ii flrH i.tr prutvction to tlijr A short Mention, fjf the Progress \^ biisbf^ u|)fin \h^ fourth of il^j, and p^t others, which v/BSRi^tflgl t9kth« Arroy, in tbeij? roonv Upon which Or- 4w»thfi Citjzsiis qf thai Facuon, w^r^ wo];i(}erfuIly incen?- ei and pjwM«©4 ^ petilio^ tq \\iq Usxmon the tw^ty- su(|)| q|/^ whichi bei^g read, seemed rather a comipaod t^ % p«Win)n. Thi$ was c^ri^ie^, ^ni fMovfed by a^ dii$spl.ute muhitude of Citi;?§nsi, Apprfmices^ 9f>d other ui)«jjy persfpns* who priessed to the vf ry doqrs of the ^i^^fjivent^ and cried out, in a threatening way» ** Thajt hdJEpre the House ro«e, thfsy must order according to th^ F^jilt^A ;'* !^l4 $0 far did theif viol^ace prevail, tba^ diey. em^neA 9fi Order for the re-establishing of the fpriner Miiififl' But, not content Vfith that, when the Ilauf^ W99. rxmg, they took the Speaker, a^d rudely thrust I^o^ ajl^ninto hi3 chair, detiuuing both him, and the rest qf the IV^^mbers, there, (a^ uunesg^d'of violation of Parli- ^.^t!) until they ej^torted iProm th^m another Order» ^ht(;h was. That tkti King should come to London. Alt^r this rude violation, the Houses adjoun^d until FrUfly ne;tt, which wa« the thirtieth of July, Upoa whifih day, both the Speakers b^ing absent, (for they, wi|:h the greatest part of the Members, had left London, and withdrawn themselves to the Army^ new Speakers were choscfl, the Lord Hunsdon^ and Mr. Henry Pelhaniy a Barrister} by whom Ordors were made that day, .,, ,, 1. That the King should come to London, 2, That the Militia of London should bt authorized tQ raise forces for the dejence of the City, S, PoM'er iia^ given to the same Militia to choose a Ge- neralfor th^se forces, . - > It vf^% likewise ordered, that the aforesadd eleven Mem- berSj impeached by the army« should return to their Stats in Parliament. The Citizens, armed with these OrdoR^ presently pre- ceed to raising of forces, of which they elected Massy tQ be their General. In the mean- time the Lords and Commons, who had left London, consuliing with the General and chief Com- manders of the army, made m Order^ That all Acts and Decrees, ^rs, which iwWchOr- fully ince*»^ the W^tyr •acomroaPd llowed by ^ ;, a^d other doQrsof the r»y. - Th^t rdungtothWf ail,tba^Aey . )f the fprnier . y thrust hjw and the r^t ation of Parli-. jother Order, London, djoun^d until Jidy, Upon em. (for they, 4 left London, new Speakers ^enry P^lhavi^ that day, sn. authorized to to choose a Ge- i ■ * Id eleven Mem- t to their Stats .presently pre- Icted Massty tq ions, who had ^d chief Com- IhatallJctsmd Decrees, •i of this CM War, i%\ Decrees, that had passed o^n the iSih of Jifly» oAd^Mi^i Army. And ihp'c should be accounted Httll and void, Ahrf that tm M fc''Z.,''l"'l|l f'' „ » i-v 1 . f t j~i 1 • It m^ T... i,_ the Orders made nv adhere to the Declarntton of the OetierAi Una CcfUiteei of the former Members. the Army. It was likewke the feed, that thk GbnetHl tiith his jirritj^ skouid tnf^rch to Londott. But when the Gitizens heai^d of the stiHfs ipptoHi^hi their stomachs being sotttewhat abated, ^d thfchr (^iifldSfe so much divided in Comrtloti-Councif, ^m it alft>tti^ impossible for thein suddenly to raise any forces to oppose the army ; they sent to the General for a Pacification, which Cby consent of the Members of Parliament then with him) was granted to them, u these conditions : 1 . That they should desert the t urliament now sitting, and the Eleven impeached Members, 2. That they should recall their Declaration lately divulged, 3. They should relinquish their present Militia. 4. They should deliver-up to the General, all their Forts, and the Tower of London. 5. They should disband all the Forces they had raised. And do all things else VBMeh were necessary for the publick tranquillity. All which things, none of them daring to refuse, were presently ratified. On the sixth day of August y the General with his army General Fairfax.witJi came to Westminster, and with him the Speakers of both [^ YonS'. and' ro- Houses, together with the rest of the Lords and Commons, places the* fugitive whom he restored all to their- former Seats. Both the Members in theu Speakers, in the name of the whole Parliament, gave ,6*47'. "^"^ thanks to the General ; they made him Commander of all the Forces in England and in Wales, and Constable of the Tower of London ; a moneth's pay was likewise given as a gratuity to the army. The next day General Fair- y^tr, Lieutenant-General Cromwell, Major-General5^ip/)o;;, and the rest of the Commanders, with the whole army, marched through London, from the Western part thereof, to the Tower, where some Commands were changed, and the 3//V//W otherwise sallied. Then, lest the City should swrll with too much power, her Militia, by Order of Par- H ;; liament, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) i^. .(. i BOOK ■«^ 108 BOOK III. A SHORT MINTION OF THU ORIGINAL AND PROGRESS OF THE SECOND WAR. BOOK H E Parliament restored, the Militia of London settled, and the other Commands ntlv dbposed, the Ge^ neral Fairfax marche4*out of Lonaon, ^nd quartered his army in the towns and villages adjacent, (only leaving some regiments about H^ileball and the Mews, to guard • i Stately of all his Palaces, Hamptun.x.uur», court. August is While the King remained at £ramp/on-Cour/, he seemed 1G47. ' to be not at all a restnuned man, but a Prince living in the splendour of a Court ; so freely were all sorts of people admitted to his presence, to kiss his hands, and do all obediences whatsoever. None were forbidden to wait upon him. Nor did the people from London only, and the adjacent towns, resort to the King, but his servams also from beyond the seas ; — even those, who, by Order of Parliament, had been forbidden, and voted delinquents, such as Ashburnham, Berkley , and the rest ; who now» \^ . \ by the Permission of the army, had safe recourse to ' >' him. But upon what reasons, or design, this Permissioii was granted, many wondered. Sturred-up by these examples (if not sent-for by the King) the Lords formerly of his Council at Oxford^ the V Duke of Richmond, the Marquess of Hertford, the Earls of Southampton and Dorset, with the Lord Seymour, about the beginning of October, came' to the King, as if ♦'>;..■*• H 4 to 104 j]| Propositions for Peace are Ap;aln made by the Paiiiament to IheKing atHanipton- Courtt on the 7th of September, 1647. But the King refuses to assent to tliem. September IS, 1647> I'hc Commissioners of Scotland now ad- visf that the Kin^ should be pciniitted tort^side in London, and tl cie treat with the Parlia nent No» vember5. 1847. Origin and Progress • to consult' and give their advice to him concerning the Propositions of Parliament, or other business. The Par«> liament were displeased at this thing ; neither would the Army long suffer it, considering that the King had not yet, in any thing at all, given satisfiaction to the Parliament. Whereupon those Lords, being told of it, after two days stay at Hampton-Court, returned to their own houses. On the 7th day of September, Propositions agreed • upon by both Houses of Parliament, (the Commissioners of the Kingdom of Scotland concurring ako) wer^ sent to the King at HamptonrCcurt. To which they did hum- bly beseech his Majesty, that he would give his answer within six days. The Commissioners appointed for this business of the Parliament of England, were, the Earl of Pembroke, Lord Moniague^ Sir James Harrington^ Sir John Cook, Sir John Holland^ and Major-General Brown, For the Kingdom of Scottana, th^ Karl of Lauderdale, and Sir Charles Ershine. The King, although he refused ( asbefoi:e) to grant the Propositions, wrote, notwithstanding, an Answer to the Parliament, in which he says, That to some things he can assent, namely, about establishing Presbytery for three years, about granting the Militia, as it was before offered to him. But in the other things, he must alto- gether dissent. He affirms, that he could rather harken to the Proposals of the Army, (for the Army had lately published some Proposals *, in the manner of the Parlia- ment-Propositions, about settling the lE^eace of the King- dom) and desired the Parliament that they would con- sider of those Proposals. The. Parliament, not yet deterred by these often denials of the King, fell upon debate about making Propositions to him again. When the Conmiissioners of Scotland re- siding at London (after that Louden and Lanerick, who came newly out of Sgotland, had talked privately with the King at Hampton-Court) sent Letters to the Parlia- ment, in which they require that the Kmg may come to London, and then personally treat wit^ the Parliament about the things controverted ; those very Scots, who not long before, both in their Orations and Letters, • Coucei niu|{ tlicse Proposals of tlic Army to the King, ice Ludlow'i Mtuioirs. Denied I ); of the Second War, 105 .etters, )enied Denied it to be just, or convenient for the Cofnmonaeakh, , thai the King, before he had given satisfaction and secu- rity to the People^ should be admitted to London, pr to arvf Fersvnal Treaty ifiM ike PuHietment, Thpse very Scota* who denied to recnve the King into ^eothnd^ for iev lie raiglit r^ise coinmotiQn3 in tiieir QountrVs wovk* low - have him brought t^ Londfin^ a Cky filled with Malig- nants, and fit for any tumults, in which the Parliament itself, without the guard of an Army, could not safet][ . . sit. That which moyed them to this demand (as they alledged) was, because the King had been taken froiil Hvlmbyi against bis wUl, and without the consent of PMv linment, by the violence of soi^tiers^ aiui stiil remained under the power c^an Army, not in that freedom which was thought fit Cor a King, treating abQut a buooess of so great moment. At the end of thdr Epistle they seem content that he may stay (if London be denjed) at Hamptou'Caurtf sp he be not under the power of the Army, but in such a condition, as that the Commissioners of both Parliaments . may have a free recourse to him. But the Pariiamend were again framing Propositions (with some alteradonsi to be sent to the King» when, lo ! on a sudden, dhey wer} strucken with an unexpected Message, That the King was privily fled out of Hampton-Court : To which pur- pose, Letters came- about midnight from CromweU to the Speaker. For on the twelfth of November, whilst The King wcapw the Commissioners of Parliament, and Colonel Whaley, SlTrt. o"Th?T2.h who commanded the guard, expected when the King of November, 1647. should come out of his chamber to supper, and won- dered at his long stay ; at last, about nine of th j clock,k some of them going-in> and not finding the King, they\ found his cloak left there, and a letter written with his\ own htind to th^ Commissioners, to be by them commu- nicated to ^ioth Houses of Parliament, m whicii letter, after he had discoursed somewhat about captivity, and the sweetness of liberty, he protested, as biefore God, that he had not taken this design of withdrawing himself,/ tp disturb the public peace, or any treaty tending to the! establishment thereof: but only to preserve his own] safety, -against which, he understood, there was a trea*) sonable f « i:«\ f ' 51' 1 106 Ori^n and Progrm sonable Conspiracy. But, toward the end of his letter* he useth these words ; - JVow, as I cannot deny^ but that my personal ti' curity is the urgent cause nfthis my retirement; S9 J take God to witness, that the publick Peace is no less before mine eyes. And lean find no better way to express this my Profess ion , (I know not what a wiser man may do) than by desiring, and urging . that all chief interests may be heard, to the end each may have just satisfaction ; as, for example. The Army (for the rest, though necessary, yet I suppose, are not difficult to consent) ought, (in my judgement) to enjoy the Liberty of their Consciences, and have an Act of Oblivion, or Indemnity (which ' should extend to all the rest of my Subjects) and that all their Arrears should be speedily and duly paid', which I will undertake to do, so I may be heard^ and that I be not hindered from usiw such lawful and honest means as I shall choose. To conclude, let me be heard with freedom, honour, and safety, and I shall instantly break through this eloua of retire^ ment, and shew myself ready to be. Pater Patriae, Charles Rex. But the Parliament, beinc much at first troubled ^ . - 7 , , with this unexpected news of the King's departure, at ; -i* last, lest the Kingdom's peace should thereby be dis- turbed, they ordered, that men of fidelity should be ^ '. f^peedily sent to all the sea-ports, lest the King should pass into any foreign country. And when tidings (though false) were brought unto them, that the King was con- cealed within the City of London, they ordered, That, if any man should closely detain the King's Person^ and not * reveal it to the Parliament, he should be punished with the loss of his estate and life. Mm uTeS'ed* ihil '^^" ^'°"^ ®°*^" dissolved, and the Parliament were in- ' lie is gont into the formed, by Colonel Hammond (who was newly, by con- hlc ot Wight, and ii sentofboth Houses, made Govemour of the Isle of Wight) Colonel Hammond* *^^^ '^^ ^'"6 ^^^ ^^^^ '"^o *^** island, and had delivered himself into his protection, //nmmone/ signified himself to be ^ r^n of the Second War. 107 I be ready to obey the Parliament's commands in all things. The Parliament, commending Hammondy did also com- mand him with all diUgence to guard the King ; but to wait upon him with all respect and honour ; promising, that they would take care that provisions of every kind should not be wanting* nor money to defray the King's expences. While the Parliament were again deliberating about Propositions to be sent to the King, in the Isle of Wight^ a Letter of great length from the King, superscribed, ** To the Speaker of the Lords' House, to be communi- cated also to the House of Commons,'* was read upon the eighteenth day of November » in which he delivered his sense and opmion concerning many things contained in the former Propositions, especially concerning the aboli- tion of Episcopacy i he disputed o\it of the dictates of his conscience much, and gave touches also of the other matters. Of all which, he hoped, that he should satisfy the Parliament with his reasons, if he might personally treat with them. There^re, he earnestly desired to be admitted with honour, freedom, and safety, to treat per- sonally, at London, The Commissioners of Sc.oUand^ with great vehemence, also pressed, that this desire of the King might be granted. The Parliament weighing these things, lest they should betray themselves and friends, by admitting of a personal Trea^ with the King in London, so malignant a City, before he had given any satisfacr;on or security, (which had before been the opinion of the Scots) after so many mischiefis done to the Commonwealth, resolved upon a middle way. Therefore, after a long debate, on the twenty-sixth of November f they concluded, that four Propositions, being drawn>up into the form of Acts, should be sent to the King, in the Isle of Wight, to sign ; which, when he had signed, he should be admitted to a personal Treaty at Lomon ; that his Majesty, ^ving the Kingdom secu- rity, by passing these tour Propositions, there may be a personal Treaty with his Majesty, for passing the rest of the Propositions. The four were these : , , . , . 1. That The King writes a letter to the Parlia< ment from the Isle of Wight, concern- ing the Propositiont for Peace lately made to him* The ParlDiment, iu answer to his letter, desires him to ^ive his assent to tour very important pre- liminary Bills, as a necessary ground- work of the other articles of the treaty. November $6, 1647' I 10ft Origin and ProgreUt The Kinc; refuses to A, I r 11 1. That a Bill be passed into an Act by- his Majesty^ Jbr settling of the Militia of the Kingdom, • « 2. That a Bill be passed for hit Majeif^s ealUng-m of all Declarationr, Oaths, and Proclamations against the Parlramenty and those who hmie adhered to them, 8. For passing an Acty that ihofe Lards who were made after the Great Seal was carried to Oxford, may be mad/B unoapable of sitting in the House of Petrs thereby, 4. That power may be given to the two Houses of Par" litmtentj to adjmtntf as the two Houses of Parliament shall think fit. The Commissbners of Sco!land^ \Could in ho vise give their consent that these four Bin§ should be sent to the King, before he treated at London; therefore, in a very long Decliaration, they protested against it. Not- withstanding that, the Bills were sent by Commissionefs of both Houses of Parliament, and, on tne twenty-fburth of December, presented to the King, at CarishooM' i^thSTmiiu' Castle. Buf the King, understanding the mind of thf Scots, and the Factions in London^ al^Iutely refused to sij^n those Propositions; and the Commissionens, with this denial, returned to London, On the third of January y the House of Cbmmdn^ debated of this denial of the King : the dispute was fiharp, vehement, and high, about the State and Cbvtem- ment of the Commonwealth j and many plain speeches made of the King's obstinate averseness, and the pecj)le*5 too long patience ; it was there affifmed, that the King, J\' by this denisd, had denied his protection to the people of England, for which only subjection i<$ dufe itoYh tn^m; " that, one being taken away, the other falls to the gtotrnd. That it is very unjust and absurd, that the Pamittetit, (having so often tried the King's affection^) shonid ttMr betray to an implacable enemy, both thetnselvM atld^ all those friends, who, in a most just caa^e, had Valiint!^ adventured then* lives and fortunes: that nothittgwas^ now left for them to do, but to take cstfbfcn' ttfe safny df themselves and their friends, and sexfle the CofMniftr- wealth ( since otherwise it could not be) wilhont theKift^c* The Parliaments^ Therefore, on the 17th of January, a Declaraition and ihit*mf °f!li ther ad' Votes passed both Houses of Purliament, in this manner. ••The # > '. Thomas Fairfax* and the General Council of the Army^ of their Reso' lutiom to adhere to the Parliament, in their Pro- ceedings concerning the King* " Notwithstanding the high violatioils of the Kingdom's " Rights and Liberties^ and the endeavours t6 swallow-up ** the whole interest of the Kingdom into the power and will ** of a King, which the present King's Reign hath afforded ; " we have observed, that the Parliament was, (through his *' necessities) and against his declared intentions to the con* " trary, called, but in a condition of vindicating the King- ** dom in those things, hath yet enacted, with that tenderness " towards the King, (as to any thing of right that might be ** in him, or duty towards him) as that in the Protestation, '* Covenant, and many Declarations published by them ; " that have held-forth a careful regard to the preservation of ** the King's person, and just rights, with, and in the preser- " vation and vindication of the publick interests, and safety " of the Kingdom, and by the whole service of their actions, ** and their manifold humble Addresses to him, for the pre- ** servation and settlement of all, they have, we conceive, *^ abundantly demonstrated the reality and innocency of their *' intentions towards him : in all which, we liafg still nnder- " stood the sense and intention to be no other, than that " the preservation of the King's person, and particular rights, " should be so endcavoural, as it might be cotisistent with, " and not destructive to, those great and more obliging * publick interests of Religion, and the Rights, Liberties, ** and safety of the Kingdom ; and not otherwise. *• And, accordingly, in the late Declarations and Papers, '> that have occasionally past liom this Army, us to our desires ** of settlement to the Kingdom, we have expressed our real " wishes, that, if the King would, in things necessary, and *' essential to the clearing, settling, and securing of those " publick interests, give his concurrence to put them past *' future disputes, then his Rights should be considered and " settled, so far as might be consistent with those superior " interests of the publick, and the security thereof for the " future. 'airfax» k. Reso- r Pro* igdom's Uow-up and will [forded; ugh his ;hecon» \ e King- ndernest night be estation, r them; vation of e preser- nd safety ■ actions, the pre- ponceive, V of their 1 nnder- lan that BUT rights, jnt with, obliging iberties, 1 Papers, iir desires our real d ary, an of those lein past ered and superior »f for the (( a €t u ■ o/the SecottdWar. ;^ -** And that by an Address to the King, upon things lo purely essential to those publick ends, it might once more come to a clear trial, whetlier we could, with the preserva- *' tion of the King's person, and in particular interests, have ** a security to the other, hath been our earnest desire, ouc ** great expectation, and our endeavour, that we and others " might be in a patient waiting for such an issue. " Now, in the Parliament's last Addrestes to the King, " Wje find they have insisted only upon some few things, so *' essential to that interest of the Kingdom, which they have " hitherto engaged for ; as that without betraying the safety *' of the Kingdom, and themselves, and all that engaged with them in that cause, without denying that, which God, in the issue of the War^hath been such a Testimony *' unto, they could not go lower, and (those things granted) *' they have offered to treat for all the rest. " Thus we account that great business of a settlement to " the Kingdom, and security to the publick interest thereof, " by, and with, the King's concurrence, to be brought unto ** so clear a trial, as that (upon the King's denial of those ** things) we can see no further hopes of settlement or secu- " rity that way. " And, therefore, understanding, that upon the considera- ** tion of that denial, added to so many others, the Honour- " able House of Commons, by several Votes, upon Monday " last, have resolved not to make any further address or appli- " cation to the King, nor receive any from him, nor to suffer " either in others : We do freely declare for ourselves, and ** the Army, That we are resolved, through the grace of God, ** firmly to adhere to, and stand by, the Parliament, in the *' things voted last Monday, concerning the King, and in " what shall be further necessary for prosecution thereof, " and for settling and securing of the Parliament and King- ** dom, without the King, and against him, or any other, " that shall hereafter partake with him." ; . _/-/ r. Windsor, Jan. 9, 1647. ^w:..u^> -^ '.-.:■■: ■ . - :■ : ,.^ •■ The 111 / >," #■ •-'^s Ibrtner nmdeefls, related before in February wi, 1O47- ^Aer RemoRstrances) they declare ho^ often they had *^ tMHed with hioi ; That« akbough they were never forced to any Treaty, yet no leer than seven times they bad ap- ^UfA themselves^ t» the I^ing with Proposidons, contain- _ mg nothing but what was necessary to the peace and •fciirity oS the l^ngdom : Mow they had offered him yyoposkjons at Oaford, afterwards at UKhidge^ and then (ajber he was quite vanquished in war) at Newcastle ; and« , nstly, after the departure of the Scots, at Hampton-Court. AU which hath been perpetually refused by him. By such a Declaration did the Parliament endeavour to appease the unqgiet minds of people. But no argu- ments nor Decrees could serve to assuage their fury, nor peven^ the storms which were then arising, Force only was required, and wise Counsel to search-out conspiracies, and suppress the tumults which were feared. Theriefore part of the army was quartered about fPestmiruter, the p Mews, and other places of the City : And the month poittte a ^^miuee before these high transactions, some Lords and Com- of Safety, consiiting mons were chosen out of both Houses, to be a Commit- ihirteM Mi*mbl«"o^f *^® ^°' *^^ safety of the Commonwealth, and sat together the House of Com- at Derby-honse, in the same place where the Committee inoM, to sit together of both Kingddms ( Em^iand zwA Scotland J hadsitten at Derby.house, to .^ — * °»^'\r, jfj • ' ntppiess tumultsand peiore. To this Committee power was given to suppress iuarrectiooi. tnmults and insurrections ; and, to that purpose, to raise forces, as" they saw occasion. The^Mfembers of this Committee were severt Lords, naffle}y> the Earls of Nonhumberland^ Kent, fVanvick 9nd Manchester, the Lords Sai/y /fharton and Roberts ; and thirtem of the House of Commons, Mr. Pierpolnt, . ' Mt% Fittesy Sir Henry Fane, Senior and Junior, Sir William Arminy Sir Arthur Hazlerig, Sir Gilbert Germ ward; Sir John Evelin, Lieutenant-General Cromwell, Mr, St, ybhn, Mr. PTallop, Mr. Crew, 2a\d Mr. Brown. The Parliament, though victorious, though guarded with a gallant army, no forces visibly appearing against ir, yetf was never in more danger. Aii men began, in the mt about 1 men in in which before in they had er forced ' hadap- contain- eace and 'ered him and then tie ; and, on-Court* ■• *' ndeavour no aigu- fury, nor orce only ispiracies, rherefore isier, the he month md Com- Commit- t together lommittee liad sitten suppress to ndse Lords, \lVanvick \ Roberts \ Herpoint, ior. Sit iert Germ Cromwell, irown* guarded against -gan, in the ' * ofilieSrcoudtVar, the Spring, to prophecy, that the Summer would be a hot one, in respect of wars, seeing how the countries were divided in Factions, the Scots full of threats, the City of London as full of unquietness. And more sad things were feared, where least was seen ; rumours every day frightening the people, of secret Plots, and treason- able meetings. From whence every man began to fore- see slaughter and war, as Mariners used to foresee a rising tempest : — f —Cum longo Jxev muha voiumina iractu jEstnat unda minaxt ^atusque incertafutmt Turbida testamur conceptos (equora ventos, . ,, , The threatning waves in trachs voluminous ^ Boil up ; the Seasy by blasts uncertain bioum, Betoken many winds conception. The King's Party be^an to swell with great hopes, -and look upon themselves, not as vanquished, but as Con- 119 ' t >) \ •|»M .•«>..>v.uki * iJt oaillC llllllir 9CCU1CU IW UC lllVi Wtoil Wl mwo«i whom they called Presbyterians, who were ready to sa- crifice themselves and their Cause to their hatred against the Independents ; — who wished that quite undone, which themselves could not do; and desired, that Liberty might be quite taken-away by the King, rather than vindicated by the Independents. The King himself, (though set-aside, and confined _^ ^ '; within the Isle of Wight,) was more formidable this Sum-'^ mer, than in any other, when he wasfollowed by his strong, est armies. The name of King had now a further ope- ration, and the pity of the Vulgar gave a greater Majesty to his Person. P>ince Charles also, by his absence, and the name of banishment, was more an object of affection and regard to those vulgar people, than he had ever been before j and by his Connnissions (which his father pri- . vately sent him) seeming to be armed with lawful powCf^ did easily command those that were willing to obey him ; and, by commands, under his name, was able to raise (as . will afterwards appear, ) not only tumults, but wars. The beginning was by tumults, and in the City; from Tumults in the City whence, also, the following insurrections, in the near of KJa° ^7u I counties, 9i i648. •'Ii: 114 The Original and Proip'Csn ' ti!' mi • counties, had their original ; and was, by Appiintices, and loose young people, phy'mg m Ahor/ivhl^, upon a ■'■ I \ '- Sunday, the ninth day oi Jpril, who, despisinj^ the au- ' -v ' , ' thority of Magistrates, set-upon a Captain of the trained Bands, and with stones beat him out of the fields ; and taking-away his colours, with them they inarched, a disorderly rout (gathering up many of the scum of the people as they passed) to irestminster ; crying out, as they went, that they were for King Charies, But they, by a troop of horse, out of the Metvs, were quickly scat- .tered. But running back, and getting into London (whil5 other disorderly-fellows came into then:,) they remained / all night in a whole body, filling the City witn fears ; so that the Lord Mayor, a man cordial to the Parliament, was enforced to escape privately out of his house, and They are supivetsed fly into the Tower. In the morning, General Fairfax, A^iflol^iieis' * *<* ^^"^^ '^*^ mischief in the beginning, before the wound was grown incurable, by the concourse of wicked men, sent a part of his army into the City j who, vanquishing the Seditious, and driving them into Leadcihliall, (of whom some they carried-away Prisoners) with great va- lour, and no less prudence, quieted the tumult. For delivering the City from so horrid a 'danger, thanks were given to the General, both by the Parliament, and the honest sober Citizens, and a thousand pounds in money, given, as a gratuity, to the soldiers. The people of tlie In the Very Petitions iiLso, at that malignant timc, nothing prwciu a"^stdu""^ ^^'' ^***>^"^°" ^^^ ^^'*'' ^^'*^^ Contained; a« appeared iu those of fenii'.u to the Far- Suriy aiid Kent. From »!»'»/;//, a body ot about three hun- i&l'sf"** *'"^ ^^' drtd men came to Westminster, on the twenty-sixth of May, bringing a Petition to the ParlianuiU, in which they did not t^o mucs. entreat, as t(^mniand, in high vvfu-ds. Thai the King shou d Jjrcsentlij /'«• wstoVid to his former (ligninj, and come to Wcstmiusicr, with honour, /recdom, and sa/t.y, to treat ptrwualh/ there about all controversies ; that the army should Jireicntly ba disband- ed', and the free people 0/ England, if »overned by their known Laws and Statutes', wiih other lljin^s of this na- , ture. Nor would these .S«>7/y.men, that brought the • Petition, endure nny delay ; no, not so much as till the Parliamait could debute about it J bul,beiii^ extreme in- to lent t »flhe Second War. US •utices, upon a j ll»e au- trained s; and ched, a , of the out, as Lit they, Itly scat- n (whilS emained 'cars; so rliament, luse, and Fairfax, ic wound ceJ men, nquishing Hall, (of Sreat va- ^ t. For inks were ,, and the n money, c, nothing hu those of three hun- ]y-sixfh of in which |, in high Ui'id to his h honourt about all >(! disband- >d /'V 116 The Oi'giualaud Progresi I m J I (whohad before governed so many Garrisonsof the King*-?, 'ds Carlisle, !«///, znd Oxford, and lost them all;) had new, wiih no better success, seized upon Carlisle, And, at the same time, Sir Marmaduke Langdale (of whom we spake before) had Feizcd upon Bertvick, and fortified it. The strong castle alro of Pom/ret, was then taken by the Royalists, who, by treachery, had slain the Go- vernour thereof. To manage these wars in the North, hamberi, a stout Commander, and Major-general of those Counties, was left with some regiments of the Fairfax- tan army. But dangers, of a more horrid degree, seemed to PaSlamenThw i''*^ threaten the Parliament in /rales ; not only from ancient, \inder Colonels Poy- J^^d formerly-vanquishcd enemies ; but from those, who lH>rp*"'t5l' a"/ 'r^' ^^^ beforebeenPariiament-Commanders,and had nowfor- H5<7-48. '['^^ ' saken theirsideand cause; namely, from the Colonels, Poyer and Potiely and from him that had often so well deserved of the Parliament, Langhorn himself. Por/er, who had , hitherto kept the Town and strong Castle of Pembroke, for the Parliament, now ( strengthened by the concourse of malignant people) with great animosity maintained it against them. LaMghorrt, a Commander of great esteem, in those parts, had raised a gallant Army, under whom Colonel Powe/ served. In a small time (the ffielch com* ing in apace to him ) Langhorn* s Army was so increased, that he mustered 8000 men. Both Langhorn and Poyer as it afterwards appeared) entered into this War, by a Commission received from Prince Charles \ whose auspices proved no better than his Father's. Colonel Horton, with a small part of the Fairfaxian Army, and some other raised forces, went against them with three thousand men. But, Coleoei Langhorn at it p)eaFcd God, the giver of all victories, that the success the head of 8000 ^^^ „q( according to the number; for Horlon^ on the men, iidofratedwuh .,,, e ^t t t rn sreat ciai^hter by eighth day ot Majj, between the two towns of ragans CpicneiHi.iion, near and Pefersfone, encountering with Langhorn, totally Peterstone, on the .. j • 1 ^ /!■ l.. i • l i a • ..• e 8th of May, 1618. routcd, and put to flight Ins whole Army, consistmg of eight thousand, horse and foot. A great slaughter was made upon the place, and the number of prisoners (be- ing three thousand) equalled the number of the victorious ' Army ; among whom were taken about aa buudred-and- fifty .) had . And, P whom fortified n taken he Go- Norlh, of those Fairjax- emed to ancient, )se, who Inowfor- els, Poj/er deserved •who had Pembroke, concourse intained it It esteem, ler whom yck corn- increased, and Payer ar, by a . auspices 'on, with a [her raised len. But, le success on the of Fagans n, totally isisting of ighter was mers (be- |victoriou8 idred-and- fifty \ x^ the Second tVar I .117 fifty officers, a great number of colours, and a quantity . ^ - of arms, with all their ordnance. There was scarce a more happy victory (as the condi- tion of things then stood) to the Parliament, than this . r of HortoH*s ; for which, by Order of Parliament, a pul>k lick thanksgiving to God, was celebrated. Lafi»horn . and Powe/ escaping, by flight, got to Poj/er into Pembroke castle. Cromtieil himself, r-bout the beginning of A/a?/^ J Jen tenant-general was sent into Wales, with some regiments, who. on the SXadoSeS eleventh day of that month, came to Chepstow castle, gimcnis, into Wales, which he resolved to besiege; but hastening to Pembroke, '" s"PP'css the In- 11 fv^, ,_ o' , ".../.r suriectioub theje. ne lett Colonel Eiver at Chepstow^ who, withm fifteen days, took that castle, and killed Kemuh, to whom be- fore the place had been betrayed ; and Cromive/i, on the |^J,Jf^oV"'p;!;,,i,VkS twentieth of Mai/, came to Pembroke. which is defended bjr Poyer, relying on the strength of the place, refused Colonel Pojei. May all conditions, knowing besides, that time was now pre* ' cious to the Parliament, being then entangled in so many difficulties at once. But CromwtU, not being accustomed ■• to despair of any thing, prepared for the siege, being much furthered in his work from the sea, by the great industry of Sir George Ascough, who comiT\anded there a squadron of the Navy. Sir George Ascough, with much care and diligence, from time to time, furnished Lieutenant-general Cromwell with great guns, with provi- sions, of all sorts, from Bristol, and other places, and every thing necessary for a siege. While these things were acting in JVaks, General General fairfax^vritb Fairfax, sent (as before was said) with seven regiments, «cven fesiments, ^ i_«r.iT.. tt_ J marcnes intoKent, ta to suppress the Kentish Risers, pursued them towards supprex* the gmt Rochester. A great number of Kentish-men, not far jniurrection thert. from Gravesend, were gotten together into an army j with *^ ^' • whom were above twenty Knights, Esquires, and Gentle- men of the County, and among them divers who had been formerly commanders of the King's armies. Though they were more in number, they durst not give the Gene- ral battle ; but some marchcd«away to Maidstone i a few kept-together about Rochester', another part of them went to Dover, and besieged that castle. To raise that siege, the General sent Colonel Rich and Sir Michael Levesy ; whO| very happily, perforiQed that work. I S Th« J 18 The Original and Progress He besieges and takes the town of Maid- stone, notwithstand- ing a very vigorous resistance. The Parliament or- ders a publick thanitsgiviog to be observed for this great victory. Another insurrection in Kent, under Lord Goring, at Green- wich. Juuc3, I()48. He' flies fromGeneral Fairfax's army, and crosses the river Thames into Esstx, with a body of WK) borsei ami there is joined by other Jn- tiurgentk against tiie Parliament. The General himself, marched with his Army to Mdown, to be in- ' , - flicted upon all Ministers, who should, from their pulpits, teach the people otherwise; by which means it was brought to pass, that many Ministers were silenced, and /■• ■■■■ some were punished ; and some Lords, of the other Fac- *' ' ction, retired themselves to their o^n places of strength. Yet could they not stop the mouths of all the Ministers ; but some, with a constant zeal, denounced the wrath of God against the army of //tf 771/7/072. And, by the wretched success of that unfortunate army, the curses of the Kirk seemed not to have been pronouned in vain, anymorethan, of old, the Tribune's curse upon the Parthian expedition of A/arcus Cro^jrui, the Roman Triumvir. Conspiracies by land (though over the whole island) agamst the Parliament of Engiand, seemed not enough, A Kreat part of the unless the sea also had rebelled against them. For divers English Fleet revolts of the chief ships, in the Ro^al Fleet, revolted from the from the obedience Pariiament, about the bepinning of /«77e, and set the Vice- of the Parliament, .•!«•# iC ° /r •.cl.u and resolves to obey admiral /c<7i7McorougA ashore ; athrmmg, '* that they were the orders of the for the King, and would serve Prince Charles,** and sailing cSes P?ince*°of towards Holland, where the Prince then was, and with Wales} in JHn^ 1648. him, his brother the "Duke of York : who, not long be- fore, had fled privately (being persuaded thereto by Letters from the KinK» his father) out of London^ where he had ^ been kept, with great Observance and State, by the Par* liament. The Earl of Warwick The Parliament Were much troubled at the revolt of is appointed by the these ships, as a thing of extreme danger ; and sent to the High Admiral'' of Earl ol Warwick, to take the command of their remain- Engbnd,& preserves isg Navy, and reduce the rest if he could. JVarwick, STghs" "^'isfml cheerfully accepted the employment, and was, by the state of obedience to Parliament, created (which title he had born at the be* Ma *«» 'fSs"*" P"™"? of ***^8e wars ) Lord High-Admiral of England, ' *^ * * Whilst Warwick was serving the Pariiament, his bro- ther, the Earl of Holland, unhappily, rose in arms against '• It. Relying (as it seems) upon the opportunity of dme, ' while the Navy was revoked, whilst Fairfax in Kentt and Croni' of the Second War, )2l eupon \ kind Com* sh all ecrees bein- tulpits, it was d, and ;r Fac- rength. tisters ; rath of retched e Kirk rethan, ledition island) nough, r divers •om the le Vice- ey were 1 sailing nd with >ng be- L^tters he had he Par. evolt of It to the remain- arwick, by the the be- 'ngland, )m bro- i against of time, ent, and Crom- Cmnwell in Wahs^ were busied : he built, lili;ewisc, upon the affections of the Citizens of London ^ of whom he made trial ; and, joining the young Duke of Buckingham^ and his brother, with others, to him, he appeared in arms near Kingston, with five hundred horse ; but, by Sir AH- chad Levesei/t and others, (who took occasion by the fore- lock,) he was there put to flight, and the Lord Francis Viliters was slain ; Holland, flying "^th the remainder of his horse, was, within a few days after, at the town of St. NeedSf by Colonel Scroop (whom the General had sent from Colchester, for that purpose) altogether subdu- ed ; Dalbeer, and some other Gentlemen, slain ; Holland himself was taken, and by the Parliament committed pri- soner to //Virtc/c^-Castle. At the same time Rossiter, also obtained, for the Par- liament, a gallant victory over the forces of Potnfret^ Castle, whom, (as they were pillaging the country, and plundering up and down, being a thousand horse,) Ros- sster fell'Upon, vanquished, and took prisoners all their Commanders, and also took all their arms and baggage; — Rossiter himself ( which for a time abated the joy of this victory ) was grievously wounded } but he recovered. These victories obtained every where by the Parlia- ment, though some of them may seem small, yet will appear great, and worthy of commemoration to all those who consider how much the Commonwealth, if but one of these fights had miscarried, had been endangered : and the Parliament itself, weighing the number and va- riety of their hazards, may better acknowledge the con- tinuance of God's providence, and his very hand with them. By these little victories, also, a way was made for higher trophies, and an absolute subjugation of ail their enemies, which, about this time, miraculously hap- pened. For now, most opportunely, was Pembroke-Castle sur- rendered to Crowwell, which Poyer and Langhom, con- fiding in the strength of the place, had so long stiffly main- tained. But at last, being brought to extremities, they delivered it without conditions, surrendering themselves prisoners at mercy. Which fell-out at the same time ( the Fates calling Cromwell to a greater atchievement,) that Duke Hamilton, with a numerous army of Scots, had entered 1 he Earl of Holland revolts from the Par- liament, but is soon defeated, and taken prisoner l>v Colonel Scroop. July 10( 1648. Colonel Hofsifcr !;ains a victory overs >od3-ofRoyalists from- Ponifret-rastle. Jiilv 6. 1648. Pembroke-cattle it surrendered to Lieii- tcnant-genci alCrom* vrell. July 11, i64a. u 1%2 The Original and Progress TiieDukeofHamil- eT^ered England, and, about the beginning of July, was greltlcJrt/shAmy! ^^^^^^^ Strengthened by the addition oiLangdak's forces. invades England. Hamilton marched above five-and-twenty thousand strong, July 8, 1648. Striking a great terror every-where ; scarce, in the whole time of these wars, did any army exercise greater cruel- ' .. ty towards the poor inhabitants of England, And yet, ^ ' when the Parliament debated concerning this army, the House 'of Peers could hardly be brought to declare them • * ^ enemies. For the House of Commons had declared, That the Scots, that, under Duke Hamilton, invaded England, were Enemies; and all the English, which joined with them, were Traitors to their Country. To which Vote, the Lords, at last, after much debate, as* ' sented. The chief Citizens of London, and others, called Presbyterians, (though the Presbyterian Scots abomina- , - . ted this Scottish Army) wished good success to these Scots, ' . • no less than the Malignants did. Whence let the Reader judge of the times. ' ' ., Lambert, though too weak, in all probability, for so potent an enemy, was not discouraged ; but resolved to oppose the present danger, and, if need required, to fight the Scots : but he daily expected the coming of Crom- well, to -whose QOnAnct, xhhwioxory 'w?iSXQSGrvfid. In the mean time, with prudent retreats, and some skirmishes, not only with Langdale, but Hamillon himself, he spuu- - • cut the time so long,, until that i/amilion*s great army, having, on the twentieth of August, entered into Lan- cashire, Cromtvell \V2is arrived with his forces, who with the addition of Lambert's strength, made an army of al- most ten thousand men. This famous battle was fought near to Presinn m f aii- shirs, in which all the forces of UnmtUon and Lmigdale sianshter.'at i'reston Were vanquished, and put to filght, whom, the Conqueror «" ^rllT**"^^' '^"^" pursuing, as far zs If^orringtcu^ (about twenty miles) and killin;,, many in the chace; took Lieutenant-general i?<7/i)' prisoner, with a great part of the Scottish army, granting them only quarter for their lives. In this battle were slain three thousand Scots, and taken prisoners about nine thou- sand : Duke Hamilton himself, within a few days after, having fled with a good party of horse to Vltoxelr-r^ was there taken prisoner by the Lord Grry, and Colonel Wai!. With Hamilton, were taken about three thousand horse. He is ilefeatcd liy Lieutenant-general Cromwell, with great 80, 1648. 0| the Second JVar, 123 horse. Langdale also, not long after, was taken prisoner Colchester i« turren- in a little villaffe, hy Widmerhool. a Parliament-Captain. i<=^^ *°.^*"^'"H ,,«• .L ° ' f rr •;. , • j' r> j J Fairfax. August 27» 1 his was the success or Hamilton s invading hngtand, ,^43, Presently after this iamous victory of Cromwell, Col- chester was surrendered to General Fa/r/fl*'* Three months almost, had the General lain before that town, with a ' small army, in respect of the number of the besieged, in a lamentable rainvseason, where the patience of the soldiers, , . no less than tneir valour, was tried. Goring, Capel, Hastings, Lucas^ and the other Commanders, until they were reduced to extreme necessity, would not hear of yielding, but despised all conditions : their courage was ' long upheld by vain hopes (besides the smallness of the ^ GeneraPs army) of aid, by insurrections at London, and of the success oi Hamilton, Langdale. or the Earl of i/o//a7ivhn, after cdngratulatory Orations made, conducted hiulr to Edinburgh j where Argifle, Leveti, and other Lords, entertained him, and the rest of the English Command- ers, with a most magnificent banquet in the Castle. Thanks were given by the Ministers to Crowit-e//, who was, by them, styled " the preserver of i^coz/anf^, under God.** Such also is the testifnony of the Committee of Estate, written to the English Parliament, concerning Cromwell. Presently after, the forces of Monroe and Laverike were disbanded, and all other forces, except fifteen hundred horse and foot ; which were to stand under the command of Lcveriy until the Kingdom were settled. It was also de- creed, both by the Committee of Estate, and the Assembly of the Kirk, For preservation of Religion, and brotherly amitjf with the English Nation, That no man, which had joined with Hamil.'on in the late Invasion of England, should be chosen into the new Parliament, (which was then called) or into the Assembly of the Kirk. - For the Faciion of Hamilton were judged enemies to Religion, and to both the Kingdoms. It was worthy of noting, that that English Army, which were by the religious party of Scotland called, A bundle of Sectaries, and reviled by opprobrious names, should now be acknowledged by the same Scots, to be the Instruments of God, and vindicators both of the Church and of the Kindom of Scotland, The greatest Peers of Scotland, also did ingenuously confess their rashness and errour, the year before, for accusing this Army as rebellious for acting the very same things in England, which now themselves were enforced to act in Scotland, for preservation of that Kingdom. 1 his greatchange in the Council of Scotland would have been much to be wondered-at, if the change that then hap- pened in the English Parliament had not been a still greater miracle. Who would not be amazed at this, " that Cronu ivell, for vanquishing a Scottish army, (by which he deli- vered JFng/airrf from the worst of miseries,) should be ac- knowledged there to have been the preserver of Scotland, and yet should not here be allowed to have been the pre- server of England I arnd that the same victory of his against the Scots, should please the Pr^sbyteriafi Scots for religion's 226 The OiU'itial and Pio^reu o o V.'l A great cliani;e takes place in tbc Disposi- tion of the Eiiiilish Parliament with res- pect to the King. July t8, 1648. A Treaty with the King at Newport, in the Isle of Wight, in August, 11:48. ii ;ii III* sake, and, yet for religion's sake, should displease llic Pres- byterians of England !*' ( edipus himself cannot uniiddle this ; especially if he jud^^e according to reason, and not according to what Envy, Hatred, and embittered Facrion, can produce. The face of the English Parliament was now suddenly, changed ; and the votes which passed the year before namely, oi making no more- Addresses to the King, were annulled and made void : those votes, upon which the Parlianient ( as before is said j had published a Declara- tion to inform the world concerning the reason and' ne- cessity of their proceedings. Their Counsels were now quite changed, and new Addresses to the King, (the formerly impeached members being again restor.^d to their seats) with more submissive earnestness than ever before, were resolved-on. The Houses then fell into a Debate about propositions to be framed, and a treaty to be had with the King> (before he had given any satisfac* tion or security to the people,) personally at London, with honour, freedom, and safety. But that was not carried. Only a treaty was voted to be in the Ule of Wight, and that the King should choose the place within that Island. I'herefore, on the fourth of August^ the Earl oi Middlesex ^ with two of the House of Commons, were sent to the King. Who made an- swer, that he was very ready to treat of Peace; and named Nexcport in that island to be the place. For that business Commissioners were presently chosen out of both Mouses; Five Peers, Northumberland^ Ptmbrook, Saliibunj, Middlesex, and Say, Ten of the Commons, Lord fPainman, Mollis, Pierpoint, Vane junior, Grim- slonc. Pots, Brufvn, Ci ew, Glyn, and Buckley, 'J he King during this treaty, found not only great reverence aud observance from the Commissioners of Parliament : but was attended with a Prince-like retinue : and was allowed what servants he should choose, to make-up the splendour of a court. The Duke of Rich' wo;?f/,lhe Marquess of Hertford, the 'E2x\&oi Southamplon and Livdsey, with other Gentlemen of note, and a com- petent number of them, waited in his train ; his own Chaplains, and divers of his Lawyers, to advise him in . the treaty, were allowed there. But Of the Second War. jacr But whilst [his treaty proceeded, and some months were spent in debates, concessions, and den) \ls} behold, iinother strange alteration happened, which threw the King from the heighth of honour into the lowest con- dition. So strangely did one contrary provoke another. Whilst some laboured to advance the King into his Throne again upon slender conditions, or none at all j others, weighing what the King had done, what the Commonwealth, and, especially, \yhat the Parliament's friends might suffer, if he should come to reign again with unchanged affections, desired to lake him quite away. From hence divers and frequent Petitions were presented to the Parliament, and some to the General Fairfax, That ivhosoever had offended against tlw Covi' monwealth, no persons excepted, might come to Judge- ment. The first Petition of that kind was presented to the Parliament, upon the eleventh day of September. The Title of the Petition was, , To the most honourable the Commons of England, as- sembled in Parliament : Great numbers of people present Peti« tiuns to Parliament, to bring the Kin ^j to justice, as the guilty author of alt the bloodshed of the two late Civil Wars. From September H, to the end of No- vember, 1G4S. T 'he humble Petition of many Thousands of well-affected men in the Cities of London and Westminster, in ths Borough ^Southwarkj and the neighbouring Villages, inhabitants, . This Petition;, which broke the Ice, was followed, in the space of one month, by many other Petitions of the same kind, from divers Counties of England, and several Regiments of the Army ; namely, from the, County of Oxford, on the 30th of September : from the County of Leicester, on the *Jnd of October : from many Com- manders in the Army, on the 4th oi' October, Three other Petitions brought-up on one day ; namely, the 10th of October : another from Ireton's Regiment, on the 1 Slhoi October : and another from Ingoldsbie's Regiment, on the 2 1 st day of the same month. The scope of all these Petitions was the same, that Justice might be done, and that the chief authors of so much bloodshed in England, and so many calamities to the Nation I namely, those who had been the raisers of this But 128 ' The Onginal and Progress of the Sjcottd H'ar, tliis Second War, and were now in the Parliament's cus- tody, Hamilton^ Holland, Capel, Goring, and the rest, might be punished. But especially they mtreat, that the King himself, the chjef offender, the raiser of the whole War, and author of England's calamity, might be called . to Judgement: i hat the Parliament would give them leave to remember^ what the Parliament ilse\f had the year be- fore decreed and declared against the King ; and what (he Kirk of Scoihi\d, in r646, had declared against the same King ; That he was guilttj (besides other horrid crimes) of shedding the blood of many thousands of his lest subjects, fVhich things, if they were true, and not ' '' at all punished, nor any satis/action made \ it might be # Jeared, xvould proiohe (by so much injustice) the wrath ., : . of God, who had delivered that King (after so bloody a War) into their hands. They therefore humbfy intreat the Parliament, that they would not ungratefully throw away so many miraculous deliverances of Mmighty God, nor betray themselves and their faithful fnendst by deceitful Treaties, to an implacable enemy* Thc^c Vciitiotis, be- This vvas the sense of all those Petitions, which • during tSlllui' Arn'rlTf *^^ '^''^a^y? were daily presented to the Parliament, and tiierariiHrnenNbrini;- by them laid-aside. But, at last, these desires prevailed ; «)na Trial, Comiemj especially after that the Remonstrance of the Lord Ge- rliSment, of 'the neral, and the General Council of Officers held it Kt. King, as ilie wilful Albans, thc 16th of November I64S, vvas presented to civil \\ an J^uaJy ^^e Parliament on the 20th of the same November. so, iG48.4g. But by what means, or what degrees, it came at last so far, as that the King was brought to trial, condemned, and beheaded : because the full search and enarration of 9o great a business would make an history by itself, it cannot well be brought into this Breviary j which, having passed-over so long a time, shall here conclude. FINIS. i> . , f _ , ■• SEVERAL OBSEKVATIONS ON THE LIFE AND DEATH OF KING CHARLES I. Bf/ William Lilly, Student of Astrology, Publiihed for th« fint time in July, IMI, ! Pi 1 ■ - ^ Iri - ■ , - !■,■■' . ' . f ;- -^ ' ' - . '' / ' 1 '■, ■,' -■■■,■_.;...,•-*■- "_,...*■■ i ^ - m : ** 'i ' '' :"" ■ ' \ ,■..,;- -J; :,^'.,-^ . ■ :•/-'. '-^ i ' ' ... '. ■ ": - '-^'V.'-'- ".; '...'■ '' ' -:,. ^ .:,v--* ■.'■•,■"■, ^. ■ "■■ ' ,, '^ 1 ■■ ' ' ■ . - ■ ' .''.. ■ ,' '■ ,'.."* " ■ ,- . . > «« * - " r. " , .- : ' . ;■,■»-' w ■■; ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ i- > ' '. ■ ' ■ : ,■ '• '^^ ■■ '' . ■ , •■-•-, ' '-'' ' /' • • ' ' . .. -' '. ' '■,■-'■■ ' . ' J - . * _ ,. \^i''',- , i >\: -'■f.^^ ,•",/.''■,.■,-»*•-•; ^ , . .. ^ V - .■ .* _"■ , :• ■• • .t '' ^ " ^ ' . * ■ ." r' , " .■■■' ■" f ' 'i' '-"»', '•,..« ■: ' * ' v^ ' ■»■ . k ^ ' ' , ■•- *" V ^^ y^. x\ *^ \ ^ "; *"* * - • " ^'- ' - _f '" :*"" ."-»"'■' . "* ■ ' " ' ♦ ' t ' ■ t ■ ■ ^ 1 ' , - ■ ' ■* ■ '-,-.■ " . , ■ • ' ' ^ ' . ' • ' ' 1 . • ' " . ' ^ , I -■ U'V ^ =* ■ ' ■ . " ft ' ' , . # ' ♦■ ''"■',■ , - ■ ' ''■. ■ ■ ;. ■ 1 ,.'... .■ .•■■•.■■■ •■■'•-'■'•. , • ■ 1 ^ • . . ■ t " r' - * '".■',— ■ . ' k * ■ ) - ' . - ' ■" • '..■,., • , ' .-' '74.: • . . J ^. t • ' • %-.;^' ■ ^ •■ •■ ■ • ' ' . * ' !•■■ ' i i ■ , m ' |i i 1: ■ :i ^^■' > , u. i - , *'- %■* THE PREFACE , TO THE PRESENT EDITION OF THIS TRACT. ./ •s X HE Tract here re-printed forms the second part of a. larger Tract, entitled, Monarchy^ or no Monarchy^ in England, that was published at London in the month of July, 1651, about two years and a half after the death of King Charles the 1st, and the concomitant Change of the Form of the English Government from a Monarchy into a Commonwealth, or Republick. And the author of it was JVilliam Lilly, the celebrated Astrologer of that time i who seems to have been a man of great Learning in History and other branches of useful knowledge, as well as a distin- guished cultivator of the fantjistick Science of Astrology. I call Astrology a fantastich Science, because it is now generally thought to be so ; and I perfectly agree with those who so esteem it, not being able to conceive how the different positions of the Sun, and the Moon, and the Planets, with respect to each other, (which positions de- pend upon their motions with certain known velocities, and in certain known periods of time,) can have the smallest connection with, or afford Ms the smallest grounds for foretelling, the great events of human life, which are produced by the actions of men and other voluntary agents. But ia the reign of King Charles the 1st, and K S even 132 PREFACE TO THE PRESEMT I even to the end of the I7th Century, and beyond it, this Science (though now justly considered as fantastick and unsupported by any solid grounds of belief,) was held in great esteem by many persons of high rank and liberal Education, both in England and in other parts of Europe. ., Of this odd sort of credulity, even in persons who had but a faint belief in revealed Religion, and an utter dis- regard of its moral precepts, it would be easy to pro- duce a great number of examples ; and, among them, might be mentioned King Charles the 2nd, and his cele- brated mistress in the first years after his restoration, the Dutchess of Cleveland ; who, both of them, appear to have been firm believers in Judicial Astrology. We must not therefore conclude that fVilliam Lilly was a mere Impostor, that did not really believe in Astrology, but only pretended to believe in it, in order to get money by telling people their fortunes; but we ought rather, in candour, to suppose that he really did believe in it, as well as so many other persons of as good an education as himself, and of the same, or a higher, rank in Life. And it appears by this tract, called Monarchy, or no Monarchy^ in England, that he not only believed in Astrology, but also in the truth of some other Prophecies, not founded on the principles of Astrology, which had been made and committed to writing by eminent persons in different ages, and some of them long after the promulgation of the Christian religion by Jesus Christ and his apostles. And he declared, that some of these Prophecies that had been delivered many centuries ago, and committed to writing, and preserved in the Libraries of Monasteries, or Colleges, or rich and powerful Princes, had been so fully verified afterwards (by the conformity of the great pubiick events that had then come to pass, to the descriptions given of them EDITION OF THIS TRACT. 133 them in the said Prophecies.) that it was impossible, with- out a most unreasonable degree of incredulity, • to doubt of their having been real Prophecies, or having been sug- gested to the minds of. the persons who had made them and committed them to writing, by the immediate Inspi- ration of God Almighty. Such was the opinion of William Lilly concerning some of these Prophecies of a much later date than those of the Old and the New Tes- taments. And he speaks with particular respect of one of them, which was vi^ritten in Latin, and was ascribed to a person named Ambrosius Merlinus, who flourished nine hundred years before the then present time, or the year 1G51, that is, in the year of Christ 751, or about 50 years Ibefore the end of the seven different kingdoms under which the people of England had been governed since the arrival of the Saxon invaders, and the union of them all into one kingdom under Egbert, the king of fVessex, or /Vest-Saxony. This Prophecy Mr. Lilly translates into English, and sets-forth in the following words, believing it to relate to the late King Charles the 1st, who had died on the »Oth of January, 1648-4U. A Prophecy of the White King, wrote by Ambrose Mer- iih, 900 years since, concerning Charles, the late King. ** When the Lyon of Rightfulness is dead, then shall rise a White King to Brittain. First, flying ; and after, riding ; after, ligging-down. And, in this ligging-down, ** he shall be lymed : after that he shall be led." This Prophecy begins in page 38 of Lilly's Tract of Monarchy, or no Monarchy, in England ; and his expla- nation of it, — shewing how all the clauses of the Pro- phecy have, in his opinion, been verified by the several events of King Charles's reign, and particularly by those of K 3 the (( (f ■t^l!' H ^'^\ , , j ; 134 PREFACE TO THE PRE81NT the late civil war, extends from page S8> to the middle of page 55. This Prophecy about the fHiite King is followed by several other Prophecies that extend from page 55 to page 73, and seem to be very little interesting. And in page 73 the author adds the following lines as an Intro- duction to his *' Observations on the Life and Death of Charles, late King of England/' which are here re^ printed. " The late King being the principal occasion of our whole Discourse^ I thought to leave unto posterity some characters of his life and actions, as follows; not vulgarly known," In page 74 of this book, the said " Observations on the Life and Death of the late King Charles " begin, and they extend to page 119. The first 37 pages of this work, called ** Monarchy, or no Monarchy, in England," which precede the above- mentioned Prophecy concerning the White King, relate to other Prophecies, or pretended Prophecies, which are very little interesting, or worthy of the reader's attention : and they likewise contain some other matters which are founded on the principles of Astrology, and are therefore still less worthy of bieng again produced before the publick at this day. And therefore I have forborn to reprint the whole of the first part of the said Tract, in- titled Monarchy, or no JSIonarchy, in England, and have only reprinted the second part of it, which is almost entirely historical, and is, as I believe, a very faithful account of the character and actions of King Charles the First, from his child*hood to his death. For it is written with so much candour and moderation, and relates so many particular actions and circumstances of ; f EDITION OF THIS TRACT. 135 the King that are advantageous to his character, as well a^ others that have a contrary tendency, that I am in- clined to think that the Author, in writing it, constantly endeavoured to adhere strictly to the Truth ; and I am therefore ready to give him full credit for what he says of himself upon this subject, in the Preface to his Book, addressed to the reader; which is in these words. " If ** any busy-body object < that it is besides my taske to " write the Life of the late King ; * I say. No ; for, he ** being the subject of, or occasioning, the whole Dis- *' course, I could do no lesse. I have no way injured " him: th'ere is nothing I mention of him, which I had *' not from those persons of credit who either saw the ** actions done, or heard with their ears the words deli- *' vered. I have rather been sparing than lavish, even ** when 1 mention his worst, or foulest, Actions. There are hundreds [of persons] now alive, who will swear [that] I have [used] more Balsam than Corrosive in " the Discourse." In short, I look upon Mr. Lilly, on this occasion, as a very faithful and exact Historian, though I pay but little regard to what he says, either as a Student of Astrology, or an Interpreter of supposed old Prophecies posterior to the times of the Apostles. « (( Inner Temple, June 5, 1813. FRANCIS MASERES. K 4 SEVERAl* I r - ' '1'^' 1 V ■^ . ' ' . ■ \, ' (■■) *■ y i ' ' '':'' ■ki ■ M " ^^ ' ' . » *. J . " . ■; ^ ■ , h 5 , * i " " - v";*-"-- '* . -"' - - -*.'■'' • , ^ ' f ' '^' •'"■.. ■ '' - '" - ■ ■" '^^ '■ 1 I-' i r. B' ! f . ■»" ■ m *•''<> . f IB- '^Uirlj * . . ~" i * • [i C ll |w i m 1- 1 ! f 1 |iiji 1 lii "- ' . ' ' ■- . ||:' « / i ill / , , • i , ' 11 ' 1 1 .» ' f ? 1 ^^ 1 ' ' . ?■■ ; --^ \ ■ • - , '"■ '■ '- l> -.' ' - ■ " Cm Zt Di burgh 72 da] year,^ theN him : vilify 1 He men o the ed he wa flower Of \ was n him. like to but liv the lo£ ness :• tirely 1 Some astran but in « - 1 ■ «*- A' •' . - „ '■ -m- •%ct' SEVERAL OBSERVATIONS l*'J'^> V '■***• the Nativity threaten. Several characters are given of him: some do too much magnify him ; others as much vilify him. He was well-educated by his Father underc^reful tutors. Well educated in hii men of great knowledge in ail manner of qualities, fit for you^^- the education of Princes; and he came to the crown, when he was aged 24 years and about 4 months, even in the ' flower of his age. Of his infancy we have little to mention ; only he Noted to be wilful, was noted to be very wilful and obstinate by Queen Hit mother. Queen /Inn his mother, and some others who then were about Ann, her preia^e of him. His mother, being told he was very sick and ^''"' like to die, said, he would not then die, or at that time, • but live to be the iruin of himself, and the occasion of , ' the loss of his three Kingdoms, by his too much wilful- ness '.—A sad prediction from a mother, who most in> tirely loved him ; but it proved very true in the stquel. Some affirm she had that foresight of his conditions trom a stranger, who had not only great judgement in Nativities, / but in the more secret learning ; others that one En^itnh, a Scutf '1! I'i-I 1S8 •Queen Ann'iopinion of the Palsgrave, her •OQ-in>Law. Charles learned his book well. ^ / Many good parts in the King- Sir Robert llol- home's opinion of the King's vigorous understanding. i: ■ ; if t ■ Ob$ervatiotu on the Life and a Scot, informed her thereof first. Queen jinn may be thought to have the spirit of Prophecy, in judging so rightly on her son and daughter; for she so much scorned and undervalued the Palsgrave for a husband unto the Lady Elizabeth, that, in most of her language after and before her marriage, she would call her Goodiuife Pah' grave, a name and title she thought good enough for any woman that should marry that dull and unfortunate man. And indeed her fears and predictions proved most true. The old ScottishlaAy, who was the King's nurse, was used to affirm as much, and that he was of a very evil nature, even in his infancy ; and the lady, who after took charge of him, cannot deny it, but that he was beyond measure wilful, and unthankful ; yet, while he was young, he fol- lowed his book seriously, which his elder brother Prince Henry could not endure; and therefore King James would frequently blame Pmc Bishop Wren a pes tilent fellow. The King abuses the Nobles. LoTed not the Law \ Ohmvaiiotu on the iJfe and friend; witness his continuance of affection unto all Bicch- Fiicud inghanis friends, after his death j yea, until his own last- decay of fortune. He was a great lover, if not too much, of the Clergy, and highly advanced them ; insomuch as under him they grew first insolent, and then saucy ; and indeed, his indul- gence unto them did, in part, procure unto himself the peo- ple's hate. Whether his indulgence unto the Clerai/, pro- ceeded from a religious affection rather to advance the ways of righteousness, or Go(l*s cause, than his own private designs, it hath been by many controverted ; but by judi- cious men it was adjudged, that his own self- ends were therein more sought-after than propagating the Gospel; so that he served himself by pretending to advance the Clergjj. He erred extremely in this one business : when divers godly Christians in Norfolk delivered him a Petition against the Ty '"^^ ^ Wrenn their Bishops he sent for Wrenn, and bade hira answer it. Novelties in Doctrine he hated as much as in Ceremony. He loved not greatly the antientiVb^//i/y and Gentry of this Nation, but did rather T^XQ^er Creatures of his own or his Father's, making. How much he loved any of the No- hil'.ty or Gentry, but for his own ends, he made it plainly appear at Oxford, where he procured sundry of the En- glish Nobles, and many Gentlemen, Members of the House of CommonSf to recede from the Parliament at fVestmitt' ster, and convene at Oxford, where himself v/as; and, after that this Mock' Parliament, to sadsfy his desire, had con- vened and assembled, done what they could, and thereby engaged their Persons and Estates for him, yet, because they would not in all things comply with his tyrannical hu- mour, he, in a letter to the Queen, complained of them unto her, and said, he was so troubled with a Mungrell Parliament, he could nothing, &c. This scornful Epi- thete, or Badge of disgrace, was all the reward any of those unfortunate Gentlemen had from him. But it was just that they should be so payed their wages, who, in so traiterous a way, had deserted the Parliament at IVeitmimter, which sits to this day, &c. lie cared not much for the Common-Latu, or very much for the Long-Gow.i men ; he learned that disaffection of his from hisFather "Jemmy, who could not endure the Lord- Cbie/JusliceCohe,bQC3i\Jisehe ever said, that the Prerogative was Death of King Charles. 141 all Buck, i own lasv h'gi/, and hey grew lis indul- f the peo- ?rp;y, pro- rance the /n private t by judi- 'nds were '■i>spel; so le Clergij, :n divers >n against enn, and hated as rentry of own or •theiVb- it plainly ihe £ii- \e House Westmin- nd, after had con- thereby because niical hu- of them Vhngrell ful Epi- of those just that aiterous ', which •y much >n of his Lord" rogative \v;is Cared not people. for the was bounded by Law^ and was limitable. But that excel- lent Patriot was worsted for his dear affection to his Coun- try by Egerton the Cltancellory who maintained the contra- ry, and was worthily as well rewarded by the old Scot for his labour. Jemmy taking the Great Seal from him before he was dead, yea, in a disgraceful manner. The Commonalty of England he neither cared-for, took much notice of, or much disrespected, holding this opi- nion only, that, because he was their King, they ought in duty to serve him. The Citizens in London, though they much courted him His love or hate to with their flatteries and large gifts, and in his latest ex- *^ Citiaem. tremities relieved him with considerable sums of money, . yea, even at Oxford, in Soap-barrels, yet he slighted them, thought them ever too rich, and intended for them a severe revenge ; had he ever mastered the Parliament, he was advised, by one I well knew, to have demolished half the City. What he would have done, had he been victorious, God knows : He would often say, it was the Nursery of the present Rebellion ; ( for so he called the wars, &c.) and that the body of the City was too large for the head. I have heard it from the mouthes of many very worthy Gen- tlemen, whose hap it was to serve him in the late Wars, that they did believe, had he, viz. the King, by Armes Likely to prove conquered this Parliament, he would have proved the Tyrant. greatest Tyrant the English Nation ever had to rule over them ; and therefore they did still pray for a reconcile- ment betwixt Parliament and Him, but could never endure to hear he should conquer our Armies, &e. And so much in a manner dropt-out from the mouth of Rupert, who, giving command for executing some things contrary to the Laws, and being acquainted with his mistake, *' Tush, " quoth he, we will have no more Laio in England hence- " forward, but the Sword.'* He had a natural imperfection in his speech ; at some times could hardly get-out a word, yet at other times he would speak freely and articulately ; as at the first time of his coming before the High Court of fustlce, where casu- ally I heard him : there he stammered nothing at all, but spoke very distinctly,with much courage and magnaoimity. As a Man, he had his impcrtections; for he was veiy co- vetous and griple, and sparing of his treasure, ( qualities no- thing commendable in a King) and, it at any time liberal, it ! Rupert a 'young ty- rant. Defect in the King'* ■pecch. He wai covetouj. f;H, ^ii It' t h 142 Rewarded cioui« the vi< r''i. 1" Called the ncnt rebel*' Parlia< ![|; Abuses Fairfax. the Lord rt 1 1 'ir Rise rl the Family «t' the Stuarts. Jiidgrment ftiogiioniy. IB rhy. OUertatiom on the Lift and it was rather to the undeserving or boisterous fellows than the well-meriting ; by how much the more humbly any made their addresses unto him, by so much the more was he imperious, lofty, and at a distance with them \ where- upon it most an end happened, that the impudent and bold were rewarded, and the virtuous slighted : which imper- fection of bis infprced a bold-spirited Courtier to say, *' there was no way to get any boon from him, but by im- pudence and cajoling him with unbeseeming language.'* Yet he himself was never obscene in his speech, or af- fected it in others. I have only met-with, or taken notice of, two passages, which argue nim guilty of unbeseeming langliage ; first, in all, or most of, his letters unto the Queen, he terms the Parliament Rebe/Sf though they were lawfully convened, and not dissolved, or to be dissolved, without their own consent ; but time and their Victories acqur.intcd him with more civil language, and taught him to style them a Parliament. In another Letter of his unto her, he Calls the Lord-General Fair/ax, who was then the Parliament's General, their brutish General; a most uncivil tcna and epithet to bestow upon 80 brave a Man, so civil, so valiant, and so much a Gentleman^ as Fairfax was and is ; assuredly the Progenitors of the Lord Fair- fax were Cenilement and of good estates, then and at what time the Ancestors of the htuaris^ were but poor SteW" ards unto a family in Scotland \ and what a preferment it is now, or was some three hundred years since, to be Bailiff ov Steward unto a Scottish Family, let the whole "World judge : for this was the true original of the rise and growth of the Family of Stuart 8t and no other ; though since, by marriage, they came to be Kings of Scotland^ (as their own Chronicles relate.) He did not greatly court the Ladies, nor had he a lavish affection unto many \ he was manly and well'fitted for ve- nerial sports, yet rarely frequented illicit beds \ I lo not hear of above one or two natural Children he had, or left behind him. He had exquiwsite judgv tent by the eye and Plit/biogi.omf/, to discover the virtuous from the wanton ; he honoured the virtuous j and wai very shy and choice in wandering those ways ; and, when he did it, it was with much cautiouiness and secrecy ; nor did he prostitute . his Hows than imbly any more was 1 1 where- at and boid ich imper- ler to say, but by ini- anguage." E>ch, or af- ken notice beseeming 9 unto the they were dissolved, r Victories aught him >t' his unto IS then the ; a most ve a Man» as Fairfax -.ord Fair- nd at what oor SteW' >ferment it nee, to be the whole f the rise no other ; Kings of he a lavish ted for ve- ; I lo not ad, or left ie eye and c wanton ; md choice t was with prostitute his / Death of King Charles. his affection, but unto those of exquisite persons or parts ; and this the Queen well knew ; nor did she wink at it. He had much of self-ends in all that he did ; and a most difficult thing it was to hold him close to his own promise, or word ; he was apt to recede, unless something therein appeared compilable either to his own will, profit, or judge- ment ; so that some foreign Princes bestowed on him the character of a most false Prince, and one that never I^ept his word, unless for his own advantage- Had his judge- ment been as sound as his conception was quick and nim- ble, he had been a most accomplished Gentleman ; and though in most dangerous results and extraordinary se- rious consultations, and very material, either for State or Commonwealth, he would himself give most solid advice and sound reasons, why such or such a thing should be so, or not so, conducted; yet was he most easily withdrawn from his own most wholesome and sound advice, or resolu- tions, and with as much facility, drawn, or incUned, to em- brace a far more unsafe, and nothing so wholesome a Coun- sel. He would argue logically, and frame his arguments nrt\ficiaUif ; yet never almost had the happiness to con- clude, or drive-on, a design in his own sense, but was ever bafHed by meaner capacities. He feared nothing in thisWorld so much, or disdained any thing more, than the convention of a Parliament : the very name was a 5«gtetfr unto him. He was ever refractory against the summoningof a Parliament, and as willingly would embrace an opportunity to break it off. Thisnis aversencss being well konwn to some grave Members, they contrived at last, by wit and the necessity of the times^ that his hands were fast tied-up in granting a triennial sitting, or a perpetuity, as it were, unto this present Parliament, a thing he oft blamed himself for subscribing-unto, and as oft those who importuned him thereunto. Andthereforel won- der at that passage of his, (if it was his, which I doubt of,) in that book published under his name and called his Portraiture^ywherein he maintains that this Par/iamen/ was * It ha» been universally known ever lince the year 1691, that this work* called E.«Mv BariXi'mt, or If OH BnsHikee, wai not composed by King Charles himself, but by tlie Reverend Ur. Gauden, a clergyman of the Cnurch of Gny;laud, and delivered into the King's iiandu iu tho Iiie of Wight, about called US A lelf.ended Man. Ul characters of him, given by foreign Princes. An uncertain Prince. Hisfearsof aParlif<< ment. Grants a triennial Parliament. The King was neces% sitated to call his last Parliament. i" ■II m ■■! n /.If 144 Obseroatiom on the Life and r>i Not lorroMfful for the •laughter of his people. Two example* there- of. The late book under called as much by his own choice and inclination, as by fo^ged/nol his"*'"'^* '^^ advice of others ; whereas it is manifestly known even unto all, that it was only necessity and the importunity of ^ , . the English, who would not fight with the Scots j and this only cause was it which gave occasion for calling of this Parliament : The Scots at that time being possessed of ' Newcastle. For the book itself, it maintains so many ^ contradictions unto .those things 'manifested by his own Letters under his own hand unto the Queen, that j conceive the most part qf it .Apocrypha i the Medita- tionsy or Psalms^ wholly were added by others. Some loose Papers he had, I do well know ; but they were ^ nothing so well methodized, but rather papers intended after for the press, or, as xt-werQ.z. Memorial or Diary, than such a well-couched piece, and to so little pur- pose. But it is answered by the learned Milton. He was seldom, in the times of war, seen to be sorrow- ful for the slaughter of his people or soldiers, or, indeed, any thing else ; whether by nature or by custom, his heart was hardened, I leave for others to judge. When, unfortunately, the Parliament had lost some of their men in the II est, at Marlborough and the Devizes , and they brought, in a miserable condition, without hose or shoes, or scarce clothes, into Oxford, as a triumph ; he was content to be a spectator of their calamities, but gave neither order for their relief, nor commands for ease of their sufferings ; nay, it was noticed by some there present, that he rejoiced in their sad affliction. So, afterwards, when llambden was wounded,or near that time, mBuch- i»l^hamshire, it happened, a very valiant soldier, of the Parliament's side, to be taken, stript stark-naked, his body being shot in many places, and his shoulder broke ; this poor soul, in this condition and pickle, was set on a poor lean jade, and brought as a triumph btifore the King, where he stood accompanied with many Nobles : it would the middle of the month of Noveiiibcr, \>y the Maiqu:!. of Hertford. It had a woiidciful eflctt in extitinf; tite Rcverentc of the People of I ii- );lan(i towanlt thi chuiacter of the Kin|{ after his dealh. on aecouiil of (lie f;ieat liiciy and other virtiieii which art ihrrciit cxhihited, and luppoted t» lave litTii expteiikc I hy the Kiii^ in the tinir of ids DiiKfoi tunes in the.laU Irr pint of liiii life. Sec upon thisiiub|ei't huilluw'it Three Lettcri, latily r«(iuhiiklicd in quarto, pagei S.% 86, 87. tf!(, &c. havQ tion, as by [10 wn even artunity of ; anJ this ing of this tossessed of s so many »y his own en, that i le Medita- lers. Some they were rs intended I or Diary, > little pur- lon, . be sorrow- er, indeed, )m, his heart re. When, of their men M, and they lUt hose or riumph; he es, but gave s for ease of lere present, , afterwards, me, vciBuch' dicr, of the t-naked, his ildcr broke ; was set on a )re the King, es: it would of Ucrtlora. It People of I 11- naccouul of llic ami »u|»l>oseil tn havQ Vcath of King Charles, 145 have pitied any one's heart, to have heard how this poor man was reviled and upbraided by lewd people, even as he passed close by the King's presence; who neither pi- tied the man, rebuked the unruly people, or gave order ' '^ for the cure of his wounds ; but God cured the soldier in- v • stantly ; for he died ere he was forty paces from the King's presence. And, notwithstanding the misery of the man, and the sharpness of his wounds, yet was the Great courage of the greatness of his spirit and courage so undaunted, that he befol^e'^hisSh."'"*' rode very upright upon the poor jade.nothingdaunted, ei- ther at his own present condition, or at the presence of the King : it was observed, that when a lewd woman, as he passed-by, called him Rebels he only looked sternly at her, and said. You whore. Some Nobles, seeing the The King hard- hard-heartedness of the King, upon this sad accident, bw^ted. and how little he valued those who either fought for him, or against, him, upon this mere occasion, deserted him, and came to London, &c. Even the looks and gestures of Princw are observed, you may see ; and several, either good or ill, constructions are grounded thereon. He was observed, in his diet, to feed jIlc™'* *** '" * heartily, and would drink wine, at meals, freely, but not in excess ; he was rather violent than moderate in exercises ; when he walked on foot, he rather trotted than paced; he , . . . . went so fast. He was nothing at all given to luxury; ** '"^"^ »*appar was extreme sober, both in his food and apparel; in the latter whereof he might rather be said, to go cleanly and neat, than gaudy or riotously ; and, as to the for- mer, he rather loved sober, full, and substantial dishes, than kickshawsi onwhich the extravagant Nobles feed, for their wantonness sake ; though nwiny times, ere they are satisfied with curiosities in diet, their estates lie pawned ^ for them. In the general, he was not vitious; and yet) vktuoS^*"'*'"*'** whoever shall say he was .irtuous, extremely errs; hej .1 was a medly, betwixt Virtue and Vice. ' He was magnificent in some measure, and was the only Built the Royal So* cause of the building that miracle of ships, called the Royal vereigD. Sovereign ; and, when some of his Nobles acquainted him withthevastchargethereof, he replied, ** Why should not His wise saying *' hebeadmitted.to build that ship for his own pleasure, and ■'*<'"^ ^^*^ •^'P* *' which might be, upon occasion, useful for the service of ** the Kingdoms, as well as some Nob/es to prodigally spend . h "their 1 t4« Chapel at Somerset* house* The King not blame- able for writing to the Pope* u , Ambitious •, set-for- wanl for Sjnin ; no honour by that jour- ■«>■• Itl , r- ! Observations on the Life ahd a, ** their Patrimonies in riotous and ungodly courses, nothing *• either for their credits or reputations, or any way beneficial ** to the Kingdom,'* It was wisely said of him, at that time. Every man had his peculiar vanity , and that wai his, if the people accounted it so. He was ill-thought-of by many, especially the Puritans (then so called, ) for suffering the Chapel^ at Somerset- house f to be built for the Queen, where mass was pub- lickly said. Yet was he no Papist, or favoured any of their Tenenfs ; nor, do I remember, any such thing was ever objected egainst him. Myself was once there to gaze, whilst the Priest was at high Mass ; the Sexton^ and others, thrust me out very uncivilly \ for which I protest* ^d never to come there again. The actions of Kings and Princes are looked-upon with many eyes, whereof some ever prove either squint or purblind : so long as we live in this world, our con- versation cannot be with Saints, but with the Sons of Adam, who ever smell of some corruptions. Many also have blamed him for writing unto the Pope^ when he was in Spain ; others think ill of him, for the many Reprieves he gave unto seminary Priests, and Mr. Prinn sweats, to purpose, in aggravating his offence thereby. "Why, he might not as well, in a civil way, write unto the Pope, as write and send his Ambassador to the great Turky I know not ; and for his mercy to those Priests, who had not occasioned Rebellion in his Dominions ; truly. Charity bids me to make rather a good than a bad con- struction of it. Add, were not the Common-Law of this Nation more in force than that Canon of Scripture, those things could not be justified, putting men to death for Re- ligion, or, for taking orders beyond sea, &c. He was ambitious, and disdained, in his youth, to match with any of the English LdAxes-. and, therefore, upon hopes of a marriage with the present King of Spain's Sister, he, on Monday, the 17th Feb. 1622*, set-forwarH for Spain y went, fust, into France, and from thence, with his high thoughts, passed the Mountains. Neither had he success in the marriage desired, nor did he get honour by that journey. For, although he had been most magniflciently entertained in Spain,6omc private disgusts happened there, and in that • That ii N. S. lOiS. yoyage; pe( Kii tht thi vat bee Death of King Charles. 147 ficial time, iflhe 'itans erset' pub- iny of g was gaze, I, and rotest- Uupon squint ir con- ons of nyalso he was prieves eats, to hy, he ; Pope, furkj I , who truly, ad con- of this ;, those for Re- o match >on hopes ster, he, r Spain ; his hij^h iucccssin journey, tertained id in that Toyage; Buckingliam his &• vourite. King's journey cen* sured. voyage ; insomuch that he never, after his return into Ens(/ftnd, much cared for the Spaniard ^ which he made publickly kwown in several years of his reign. He was acco.'i.ipanied to Spain by the Duke of Bucking' ham ; one whom formerly he had extremely hated, but, afterthat journey, as extremely fancied, being his only great favourite. People, generally, were nothing satisfied with that bis journey undertaken so rashly ; yet many sober men judged very well of the marriage itself, and these did pub- lickly aver, that the Spaniard was rich, and a brave man, and would not be troublesome unto us with unnecessary vi- sits; and would irver bring gold in his pockets ; and that they were a people, wiLhwhou\ the En^/^/t Merchants had a great and rich trade, suid with whose natural conditions the En gii&h did pretty-wtll sympatnize^ and^as to the In- Janta's strictness in. the Roman Religion^ there was, by many prudent men, very little fear entertained, that it would produce any ill to this Nation, which now had been Protestant above sixty years ; and, they did also consider, that the Prince was very surely grounded in his own Pro» testant Faith, and that the Common Law would well pro- vide for the multiplicity of Priests, who might presume to come-over upon her account. The *27th of March, being Sunday, 1625, King James died. All that whole year, a most iuriousplague afflicted the City of / ondon, there dying above fifty thousand people. Amongst those, whose misfortune it was to abide in the City, during that pestilent contagion, myself was one; and I therein beheld God's great mercy unto me, being no- thing; at any time visited by it, though my conversation was daily with the inlccted ; and I do well remember this ac* cident, that, going, in July, 1625, about half an hour after six m the morning to St. j^ntholine's Church, I met only three persons in the way, and no more, from my house, over against Sii ami-bridge, till I came there; so few puoplewere then alive, and the streets wereso unfrequented* In June, tti'25, Mcu:e, daughter ol Htnry the Fourth^ King of France, came-ovcr, and was marritd to the King the same month. Several constructions were made upon ''^WliP*"*^ ^ this marriage with France; and niany disputations, in pri- ", vate, were had, whether s}ie, or the hjanta, might bavt been bet|br for this Nation. i»% HowcTtr, King James's dMth. > APlague in London. i 'li M.fi, TbeQucta's coiiu*a|i ovtr. In 14» /( j Retlions of the Par- liament's ditsoiving* I King James poisoned by a Piaster. The King refuse th to permit the Par- liament to enquire into the cause of his Fathei's death, and is theretbie suspected jij to have been guilty **'! ** ' ,"* t }1.B. The King crowned. A second Parliament MoBtajtut <|Matiu»- •d. s Observations on the Life and However, the Parliament, in regard of the sickness, was translated to Oxford, 1 0th August, 1 625, and the 1 2th of the same dissolved. There are two main reasons given for it» dissolution; one was, that the DukeofBuckinghamf his own favouritCt might not be questioned concerning King /amej*!; death ; and the second was, that his Majesty made several Proportions unto the people, which they would not consent unto. That King ^amej was reallyand absolutely poi'^oned, by a plaster, applied by Buckingham's mother unto King Jameses stomach, was evidently proved before a Commit- tee. But " whether £uc/(/»gAa}» himself, or the late King, Vizs guilty, dther in the knowledge of, or application of the plaster," I could never learn : many feared the King did know of it, and they gave this reason ; because, when the Parliament did resolve to question Buckingham for it, and had prepared their Charge, or Articles, to present against him in the House of Lords, and to accuse him thereof, his Majesty, contrary to all expectation, and, as in afiront to both Houses, and in the Upper- house, when the Articles came-up, gave Buckingham his hand to ki&s, and carried him away with him, &c. This action lost him the present Par//amen<'f affections; even the most sober of his friends held him very much overseen, to deny a Par- liamentjtutice^m any matter whatsoever: but,— in a matter of poison, and the party poisoned being his Father, — in that to prohibit a due course,or a legal proceeding, against the party suspected,-— it was to deny Justice with a refractory hand. But, at that time, he was lusty and young, and, in his in^cy of Convening Parliaments, thought to make himself sure ever-after, or to master the Commons oiEng* land. There is no pen, how able soever, can take-off the blemish that will ever hang on him, for faliing-out with his Parliament, because they questioned, how, and by what means, his Father came to his death. The second of i^cArwar^, 1625*, he was Crowned at Westminter. William Laud altered the old Coronation' oath, and framed another new ', and in March following, was ^Parliament again summoned, and therein A/on/a^ue was questioned for Popish and Arminian Tenents ; and Buckingham was, again, also put to it by the Commons, In time of this Parliament, he sent fpr the Bishops, and ♦TliatisN.S, lGi6. ♦-' >-♦ .wr^vof! - blamed Death of King Charles* 14,9 and iom» and blamed thdr backwardness, for, that they did not inform him, how he might promote the cause pf the Church : indeed, he did well know what fawning Jacks most of them were, and how easily he might, with hopes of pro- fit, win them to his side ; they made-up a good part of the Home of Lords in number. Here, again, the Houses of Par///zmen^ were troubled with the disputes of Bucking- ham and Bristol; the latter of whohi was the wiser man of the two, but had the fewest friends ; these two Lords framed Bills, and accused each other of Treason. At that time most men pitied Bristol^ and thought him ill- rewarded for all his service in Spain; for, it was con- ceived, he acted not but according to commission. In this Parliament the King committed Sir Dudley Diggs, and Sir John Elliott, Members of the House of Cem- mons, to prison, because they most rigourously hadjmanaged an accusation against BuckingJiam, An high affront it was to the Parliament^ and a great breach of priviledge to com- mit a Member of that House, without the House's consent. That matter was much resented, and very ill-taken ; and by those, and other his high miscarriages unto both Houses, they began to mistrust him ; many gave sad conjectures of his actions, and thought, that in the end, he would either have all, or lose all. June 16, 1726, he dissolves the Parliament, only that they might not prosecute Buck" ingham,—Kxi argument of sound aflfection unto his favourite, to hazard the love of millions only for him ; but a deep imprudence, and high oversight, to slight a whole Nation, for love only of one man, and he but of yesterday, or a new Creature, of but his Father's mere stamping, and his own continuing. It was in August, this year, that Ttlley overthrew his Uncle, the King oi Denmark, in a pitcht field. How the King carried the business with his Uncle, or what trea- sure he promised to supply him with, and did not per- form, I know not ; sure I am, the old King, after this figixt, could never endure our King, but would swear, he endeavoured, what in him lay, to make him lose his King' dom. This I had from the mouth of Dr. Af. who heard the King of Denmark speak what I write. In Anno 1627, he set-forth Men and Ships to the hie •f Rhe in Francff under the conduct of Buckingham : we L 3 . . lost The Bisbojtt fawn- ing fellows. Buckinijham and Bristol at odds. r-, Diggs and Elliot committed. Parliamentdissolved* Tilley overthrows theKing of Denmark, in August, 1636 'i I TlielsleofRhebuii- ncsi. i 1 1^::^ m m \'4 ' ■'■ 150 Observations on the Li/e attd II U/v- lost our best Men in that scurvy design, who were no bet- ter than butchered by the French, through the indlscrc' Buckinghamexcosed **?° °^ ^°""® *^** ^^^ principal command therein : but for our loss of men give me leave, before I proceed further, to relate what in the Isle of Rhe. I had from the mouth of an eminent colonel, employed in that successless expedition, and one of the Council of *^'-- ■■' . War, and a sworn enemy to the Duke. Buckinghajn, I well know, was extremely blamed about the loss of our men, the day of their retreat unto the Ships. The mat- ter was thus carried : The night before the Retreat, the The truth of that Duke called a Council of War, and there shewed them ftS^"**"*^" ''*"' the necessity of their Retreat the next day. and that (himself in martial discipline being wholly unexperienced,) "" he left the managing of the next day's Action to the Buckingham his of- Ordering of the Council of War, offering the service of fer. his own person unro any hazard whatever, as far as any private Soldier. The Council committed the manage- ment of their retreat, by a free consent, unto old Sir fFil» Ham Courtney, a heavy, dull, covetous, old Man, who, having been 20 or SO years a private Captain in Holland, was, by Sir /oAn i?Mrrows means, made Colonel in that expedition ; and, Burroivs being now dead, and Courtney the oldest Colonel^ it was referred unto him how, with Courtney the cause safety, to bring-off" our men. But, he, (either through want of our OSS. of judgement, or through forgetfulness,) having not suffi- ciently provided for the security of our reare, our men were most unfortunately, many of them, cut in pieces ; Crosby his good ser- ^"**» ^^^ "°^ S'*" P^^^f^^ Crosby, with 800 Irish, made good the retreat, all our men had been lost ; Courtnetj himself fell into a Sa it-pan in the defeat, and was saved by means of liis man /inthouy*St cryingj Oh ! save my Captain ; but the poor fellow lost his own life, and saved his Master's. A bullet by chance, during their stay in that htavd, wa« shot at the said Courtney ^ and, he having a piece of Gold, of 21 shillings pi ice, in hisybt, the bullet, lighting there, bent the Gold, and so he was preserved \ Courtney y at his return^ shewed me the Gold, and told me the story. The King, hearing ot our loss at the Ule of tilu, and the landing of the Duke, instead ol being angi y at ih^ loss o. so muny ^allant Men, or calling him to account, sent to comfort the Duke, desiring that he should not be troubled at the losse \ for the chance of W^ar was casual. And vice. X 'Viltifr: Courtney very •tranjjtly preserved. Death of King Charles. And now we are speaking of Rochell, let me acqusunt the World, that his Majesty was the sole cause of its beiiig lost. For he lent the King of France eight or ten of his own Navy, by which means the Rochellers* Ships were sunk and destroyed, who before were ever able to re- lieve themselves with their own Ships, against all opposi- tion the Kings of Fnmce could make. And that it may iappeare, he willingly lent these Ships unio the French, and was not forced unto it by Burkmgham, as many have affirmed ; I will relate this passage, perhaps not vulgarly known. Sir John Penniv^ton^ being Vice- Admiral, had conimission to carry eight or more Royal Ships into France, When he arrived there, the French acquainted him the ships were to serve the French King against the Rocheller^ly and, if that he, the said Sir yohn, would serve in that employment, he should be honourably rewarded. But this gallant Man, being truly English, scorned the proffer, and utterly refused the employment ; and, ere he would resign the Ships unto the French, came privately himself to the King, and informed the King of the French intentions against Rochell ; but the King said only thus much : " Fenn'mgton, go, and deliver your Ships, and leave them in France" and then gave him a particular, or private, V/arrant, under his own hand, for his discharge, &c. The King had much a-do to get his Ships again from the French, and then was inforced to send Sir John Pen- nington amongst the French, who seized above a hundred French Ships, and kept them until ours were deUvered up. One thing is observable, that we had only two sailors that assisted against Roclnll in our Ships, and no more ; this I relate in honour of the Sea-men. 'J'he destruction of Rochell is wholly laid upon our King's score, (as well and justly it may be) to his eternal disho- nour and blemish ; for, it he had not furnished the French with Ships, Rochell could not have been taken, as it was. And verily I believe the sad groans and miseries of those poor Protestants, poured-out unto Almighty God, in the height of their calamities, against our King,were extremely instrumental in hastening-down the anger of God against the late King. However, this Action of his lost him the love ot the Protestant Princes in all parts of the * Srr nn this subject, the new edition of Ludlow's Letters in quarto, lately tp- printed ta the yeat iutJ, and sold by White and Covhuiicin Flcct-Stiect, pages 7 &•■ L 4 World: 151 The King's love to Buckingham. Rochell business. The King the onlj cause of its being lost, in July 1625. Sir John Pennington his gallantry. Scorns the French proffers. il N. B. AlT French Protest, ants hate the King. ll 1: ! ill.. Si i;ain ac- (luaiots the Uuke. Parker dirs. The King ofScotland boin, Ala) 21), Itdo. Observations on the Life and ** named it) which he knows that none in the World crcr ** knew but myself and he. " Mr. Parker being now well-satisfied, that he was not asleep, or that the Apparition was not a vain delusion, took a ^t opportunity therefore, and seriously acquainted the Duhe with his Father's words, and the manner of his Apparition. The Duhe heartily laughed at the relation, which put okl Parker to a stand ; but at last he assumed courage, and told the Duhe, *'that he '* acquainted his Father's Ghost with what he now found '*to be true, viz* that he should be treated with '* scorn and derision : but, my Lord, saith he, your " father bade me acquaint you by this Token, and " he said it was such, as none in the World but your two **" selves did yet know.'^ Hereat the Duke was amazed and much astonished, but tooke no warning there.> from, but kept the same Company still, advising with such Counsellors, and performing such actions, as his Father, by Parker, had countermanded. Shortly after, old Sir George Villiers, in a very quiet, but sorrowful, posture, appears again unto Mr, Parker, and said : ** Mr. Parker,, ** I know you delivered my words unto George, my Son j '* I thank you for so doing ; but he slighted them : and '* now I only request this more at your hands, that once " again you repair unto my Son, and tell him. If he will " nut amend, and follow the Counsel J have given him, ** this Kn\fe or Dagger ( and with that he pulled a Knife ** or Dagger from under his gown ) shall end him; and do '^ you, Mr. Parker, set your house in order; for you sha,tl ** die at such a time.** Mr. Parker once more engaged, though very unwillingly, to acquaint the Duke with this last message, and so did ; but the Duke desired him to trouble him no farther with such mes^ao^es and dreams; told him he perceived he was now an old Man and doted, and, within a month after, meeting Mr Parker on Lam- heih-Bridge,said, Now Mr. Parker, what saij you of your dream ? who only returned, Sir, 1 wifh it may never have success, ^f. But, witliin six weeks after, he was stabbtd \\ith a Knife, according to his Father's admo- nition before-hand ; and Mr. Parker died soon after he . had seen the Dveum, or f'lswn, verified. The 2i;th of May, 1630, being Saturday, near unto one in the atternoon, the present King of Scotland was born: Death of King Charles.^ ISS brld eter nng now pparition [herefore, 's words^ ? heartily a stand ; , ♦'that he >w found ed with ie, your en, and fonr two amazed ig there-f ng with s, as his ifter, old posture, . Parker^ ny Son; im: and fiat once Y he wili ven him, 2k Knife and do lou sha,tl ingaged, vith this 1 him to dreams; d doted, in Lam' t of your y never he was s admo- afterhe . ar unto and was born: born : the next day the King came to Paul's Cross^ to give Goo thanks for the Birth of his Son, where were presented unto him these Verses : » J. J. ■» . . Mex ubi Paulinas accessit grains ad aras, \;/> Emieuit medio lucida stella polo. , D'lCf divina mihi tractans anigmata calif lieec oriens nobis, quid sibi stella velit? ' ' Magnus in occiduo princeps modd nascitur orbe, Moxque sub eclipsi regna orientis erunt. Many supposed there had appeared a new Star at his birUi» whereas it was the Planet Venus, which is usually seen in the day-time- was the About May 163ii, he went into Scotland, and was The Eclipse was th Crowned there the J 8th of June, © 7«. 25, D in Y-T- *'°"''»y ^»"°*"5- In Juli/ he had a dangerous passage from Brunt Island^ and hardly escaped drowning : some of his household- T!'? *^'"8 «n danger tr \ I ° of drowning. Stun, or plate, was lost. In 1 634 he was infinitely troubled with faction in his Faction Court ; which much displeased him. But, by little and *^*'"'*' little,- he put all things into order again. Then also he levied a general great Tax upon the whole fCinfidom, vulgarly called Ship-moneyy because it was pretended it was for maintenance of the Navy. And truly much of it was that way expended, and the Sailors well paid their wages J which occasioned for two years together a good Fleet of Royal Ships to be set-forth, much for the honour of the Nation. in the Ship-money. . ^ V T_ ,- , vj , This Ship-money was generally misliked, being a mere Generally misliked. Innovation, and a cleanly trick to poll the subjects, and cheat them into an annual Payment: myself was then a Collector for it in the place 1 lived in ; I remember my proportion was *j2 shillings and no more ; if we com- pare the times then, and the present, in which I now live, you shall see great difference even in ^issessments, the necessity of maintaining our Armies requiring it ; for now my Annual Payments to the Soldiery are very near, or more than, 20 pounds, my Estate being no way greater than formerly. Agamst this Ship-money many gallant y^jj^. , ^ . » Men opposed \ and at last in Pafltameni it was voted- liament. down. In f !: ■ I is6 Obsertationi dnthe Life and m I U' f i> I i :'f P i Disturbances in Scot- In Jviy, 163?, W2. 23d dav, there was great dis- I'ce iJo^k? In Jufy"; turbance in Edinburgh, about a new Service-book, en- 1637. ' deavoured to be obtruded on the Scot* by the King and Can terbury, I have heard, that an old Woman began the • quarrel, by casting her stool at the Prieit, when he read 'C V the Service-book, Many, very modest Divines, exceed- >• ., ' ,. ingly blame both the King md Canterburi/, for that j ' , Book. It admitted unto the people, as I remember, the " ''"* 'i Communion only in one kind. However, by the pru- dence of some grave men, being then privy- CounieZ/ori in Scotland, matters were slubbered*over all that Winter, in SaTianT^^rnM '" •^<^o//a»irf. hut in Maij or yf/iril, 1 638, new tumults arose; 1638.*" * " ^^' and truly, I may almost say, that that corrupt Common' prayer Book, was the sole and whole occasion of all the miseries and wars that, since that time, have happened in both Nations, For, had his Majesty, 6rst, endeavoured the imposition of that lame Book upon the English, most men did believe we should have swallowed it ; and then the Scots must have done it afterwards ; for the Clergy, at that time, generally wee such idle and lazy lubbers, and so pampered with Court-preferment, and places temporal in every shire of England, and suph flattering sycophants, riiat, doubtless, the great hand of God was m it, that those rude Scots first broke the ice, and taught us the way to expel an insulting Priesthood, and to resist the King ; he endeavouring, by unwarantable means, to in- trude things contrary to the Divine Law of almighty God, upon our consciences. The Queen-Mother of Fiiinre coines-over to bji^laiid. In jinno 163R, the Queen-Mother of France, and Mo- ther unto the English Queeii, Widow of Henry the fourth, King oi France, landed in £ng/an(/,and came unto Lonc/on the 31 Oct. She was very meanly accompanied, and had few persons of quality attending ner. The King most hu- J**^^''*^^ ''''•'•y ^y manely and generously receives and entertains her, though '"'^' all men were extremely against it ) for, it was observed, that where-ever, or unto wlut-ever country, this miserable Old Queen came, there followed immediately after her, either the Plague, War, Famine, or one misfortune or another. Strange it is unto me, how she could be so fatal Death of King Charltt, > 157 great dis* 'book, en- King and began the fn he read i, exceed- , for that tiiber, the y the pru- nseUors in kVinter, in Its arose ; Cotntnoti" of all the ppened in oured the most men 1 then the y, at that 8i and so nporal in cophants, 1 It, that ;ht us the resist the 18, to in- hty Godf and Mo- he/ourth, io London and had most hu- rt though observed, miserable ifter her, brtune or uld be so fatal fatal to any land she entered into ; true it is, and I do very well know, that some people born under an unfor- tunate constellation of Heaven, (without this, that they live above nature, and live wholly in the Spirit) are so extremely unsuccesful in every thing they undertake, that, let them use the greatest industry they can to be rich, all will not amount to obtain a poor living, though, they are assisted, not only with a good stock of money to begin their profession with, but have also many very profitable and assisting friends, and means for their better encou- ragement and furtherance. It is very possible, that such like ill-fortune, from her infiaincy, might attend this old Queen f as to be thought an unlucky premge of what mischiefs presently followed her in those countries she re- sided-in. In November, Proclamation was made to dissolve the great Assembly in Scotland. But it was to little purpose; for the Scots have this privilege belongmg unto them, that where, and when, they please, they are bound to obey no Edicts or Commands of their Kings, except those Edicts fiancy their own humours. This Proclamation was laughed-at, and slighted by the Scots ; who made it appear that they were in good earnciii, and began to raise an army for their own defence ; by no means enduring the hd\f-Popish Common' prayer Book, This raising an army by the ScoLSt in op- position to the Common-prayer Book, made our Prelates prick-up their ears, and the /a:^ Bishops most of all ; who convened, and raised amongst their own Leviticat Tribes great sums of money, towrads the maintenance of an ar- my against the Scots, whom they now hated worse than Turks. Several particular men are summoned to appear at Court, and enforced to lend vast sums of money to- wards the maintenance of an army. I have heard some affirm, that the King had in his coffers, at that time, above six hundred thousand pounds ; no great sum for so provi- dent a Prince, and such large incomes as he had. In, or about the '27th of JV/arcA, 1639, the A'pjg^ set- forward towards Scotland* His army followed imme- diately, the Earl of Arundel being made General, — a man of great Nobility, courage, ap '• ' I.' 1 "< r t C!n«!eavoun to di<- solve the Assetnbiy iu Scotland. The Scotu. raise an Army. OurPrL'sts are angry,. Much money bor- roweil on particular men. The King raises an Army. Larl of Arundel, Cienvral. ') ' \m f - *%, I : 1* V. 158 The English Uke not the war. The Prkttt do. Peace concluded. The King greedy of a Peace* Arundel's speech to the Scots. ! King Charln h^ nuhaest. OhitroatidM on the Life and Ancestors had been Generals several times against the Scots with excellent success. There attended the King in this expedition most of the Nobility of this Nution ; but with great unwillingness : for, the Englsh and Scots^ (having now lived like Brethren, or Natives, or people of one Nation, one amongst another, for almost forty years, and having intermarrial one with another, both the No- lility^ orGetitrf/y and others,) they thought it a very strange thing, and not lawful or convenient, that this Nation should now take>up arms and engage against the <^co/j, only to satisfy the insatiable lust of a few domineering Priests, and hAif- Popish Bishops, as also of an obstinate King^ wholly led by the nose by liiese sna0ni Priests. The common Soldier was nothing well-pleased, and marched most unwilh'ngly upon this service. At last both Armies, for many days, accosted each other ; yet, I never heard of so much as one louse killed by either army ; the Scots being very tender of provoking the En^lihy and they as willing to give no offence unto the Scots' In June^ of that vear, a peace was concluded betwixt botii Na /ions, the E' sl'>h Ki)btitt!i much desiring and furthering ir. The King himself was most greedy,al)ove all men, of this Union with the Scots ; as will appear by this ensuing story. That day, which was assigned for certain o\' \\\g Eng^lisk Nobility and SaHtish to treat about thosp Articles of agree- mtnt, or Pacification, which the Scottish No/ilifj/v/cro ro produce, the Nobles of cacli Nation being seated . the ICnri oi j^rmidtl began with much gravity to rebuke the Scots^ for their unadvisedness and rebellion in raising their army against their lawful King, and disiurbing the peace of both nations ) and yet he commended the good nar uie of the King, who was. notwiihstaiiding their high provoca- tions and misdemeanours, very inclinable to hear their just grievances, and to that purpose had appointed him- self, being General of the English army, and some other select Nobles of his Counsel, to meet them that day. to treat with them, and to hear their grievances, and what ihey could say for themselves. T his gallant man was proceeding further in his speech, and aggravating the Scots offences, when lo! unexpectedly, his Majesty en- tered Death of King Charles, 15^ ;ainst the the King ! Nut ion J ind ScotSy people of »rty years, I the No- ry strange lis Nation 'Cots, only g Priests, ne Kingt Hs. The marched I Armies, rer heard the Scots id they as Jtme, of Nations^ ng it. en, of this ing story. e Eng/ish lof agree- y wcro TO the ICari he ScoiSf lien* army peace of natuto of provuca- lear their ited him- mc otlier : day. to and what man was uing the jtsty en- ' tereU #.- teted the room, called for the Articles the Sco;^ desired ' to be ratified, or consented-unto, read them scarce over, but took pen and ink immediately, and signed them, without ever advising with any of his Council : which so displeased the Nobility of the English Nation, that, the English NoUet im very next day after signing the Scots Articles, they all P^*"^**- hasted home to their own habitations, the King staying behind : and, for his daily exercise, he played at a scurvy game called Pidgeon- Holes ^ or Nine-pins; his fellow- | gamesters also were equal to the game, viz. Lackyes, l Pages^ and such other ejusdem generis. He again no ^ sooner came to London, but, as 1 remember, he caused those Articles to be burned by the common hangman ; making himself as ridiculous in doing the one, as he was reputed weak and simplj of judgement in doing the other, i But at that time most peopleimputedtheburningoftheiS'coff I' ■ Articles,, unto the advices given him, and importunity of % the proud Clergy and Bishops, who humoured him in every itching desire of his, even to his ruin. ', There happened i ra, tremorahle accidents in this yeaf Eclipas of the «»■, 1 639 ; as, firet, five * ^ s of the sun and moon j tnree ^^^ **' '^*^ of the sun, and two ot .I.o tnoon. None of them was visible in our //ori'zon, but that eclipse of the sun, which here be- gan with us at London the 22nd of Mat/y being Wednes- day/at three hours and fifty-two minutes, in the af>:ernoon$ its middle was at four hours and fifty-two minutes, and irs ^nd at forty-six minutes after five. The digits eclipsed were eight hours, fifty one minutes, forty-one seconds ; the whole time of its continuance was one hour, and fifty- four minutes of time : The scheme of Heaven follows. ' •..* »• It- ■■ h ' Q m I 1'. 1^0 Hi/ ;.i,^ar Observations on the Life and \ •r^\> '^"a^^l ^ v;©io45n Zr/^j o/" /^^ 5«« A ^ 22 71 f^/ . ^ " . ' >* ^'^ j/^n^' " " '*' ■ ' ■ ' . . . , ' ^^\ " hb 1 yv • ^ >v y v-' V ^£? p It;. , His Majesty was in the field against the ^cots^ at the very time of the Eclipse ; and some that were there with him said, they felt not a more sharp, cold, day in all their lives, than that was ; the season of the year, and height of the Sun, considered. I will meddle little with the prog- nostick part of this Eclipse : yet I might tell you, that Mercury^ at the time of the beginning of the eclipse, re« presented the Ckr{:yy and he was retrograde near to Con- junction with MarSy one ill omen unto the Clergy : at the middle of the eclipse, the Moon was their significalor, and she combust and near the Dragon* s-tail ; which sig- nified much calamity unto the Priests. 1 his eclipse sig- nified unto the King much treachery, and daniage by his friends the Scots \ the degree eclipsed was in the opposite degree, Death of King Charles. 161 x:> ^p" degree, almost of the O in his Radix. As this edipse shewed his troubles or their beginning.^ so the D her eclipse in 8 J ^ in 1648, ended his afflictions, &c. ihe effects of this Eclipse had most influence upon the Kir^jr ofUpahif it fallinj^ even in the very degree of his se- veulh house \ so, that upon the 1 1th, or 12th, oi October, ] 639, upon our English coast, and under our noses, almost in our harbour, the Hollander burnt and sunk a great navy of bis, with many miserable souls in the navy, which were intended to be landed in Flanders, I know some persons have not stuck to affirm, that the sroo men, transported in the Spanish navy, were intended to have been landed here, in assistance ot his Majesty : but it was a mere untruth ; for, who could have hindered their landing in Kent, if his Majesty had commanded it ? Sure 1 am, the Spaniard took it ill at his Majesty's hand, that he suffered them to perish so near our harbour j they also took exception, that, his Majesty having promised them ammunition and powder, (which it seems they wanted,) it came not at the place for them, (either by neglect or treachery of our officers,) until they were worsted. The truth of the story of those 80()() Spaniards in the navy, was thus : Tl.cre was a part of that country where the IValloons inha- bit, under the dominion of the King of Spain in the Neiher- t audi J which was observed to be very disaffected unto him. Now, upon the landing ofthese Spanish troops amongst the H'ulluonsy the same number of that people were to have been transported 'm\o Spaifiy &c. When his Majesty first heard of the Spanish and Dutch fleet, and their near ap- proach, he said to one standing by him, 1 would I were utll I id if holh hiivies, 1 o speak the truth of him, either as he was virtuous or vicious, is not to wrong him } but, in every trivial miscarriage, to make him the author of it, I held it barbarous, and aot the part of an honest, moral, man. in this memorable year, the Scota, by Act amongst themselves, thrust-out all Bishops, who afterwards came sneaking hither, and had, by Cnn/erW/i means, large and picntituT exhibitions fur their maintenance. His Majesty took the expulsion of the Z^/j/io/>5 so ill, that he resolved to check the saucinebs of the •.Vco/«, his dear country- M mer. Eclipse portendinp ill to Spain, the rca« ■on why- Spanish Fleet defeatea by the Dbtch, October 12, 1639* ji His Majesty vindi* cated from a slander. Story of the 80M Spanish soldiers on board ;he defeated SpaniihNavy. RiNhops thrusted out of Scotland. 162 Observations on the Life and Dissolved in 1640. May, Sauciness of the Scots, who enter England. August 17, 1640. J* ■! - *' meitj and caused their trade with us to be prohibited, and V their ships to be seized ; which su enraged the Scottish Scots in Anns. nation, that jthey were again, in 1 640, in arras. The Kinj? A Parliamrnt calied suinmons a Parliament in Jipril about the Scots : which in April, i640. Parliament would not give a farthing unto him towards the maintenance of his intended army against the Scots, Therefore, in May, he dissolves the Pariiament ; which gave great discontent all over the Nation, and great en- couragement unto the Scots : whereupon their army was suddenly ready, and their presumption such, that, with- out invitation, they, on the 17th oi August^ 1640, entered England. The King prepares an army of English to re- ost them ; but such was the general inclination even of the common soldiers, and so great an odium, or hatred, was cast upon William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, ' that nothing could serve the common soldiers but a Par* liament ; not a man of the English would tight against the Get possession of Scots, who had now crept into the strong town of Neto- TheEngiuh will nor^^^'^'* ^^^ Soldiers were mutinous, and the officers gene- fight, rally disaffected to the service ; in some countries, the new- raised soldiers slew their officers, and would not go. But all these commotions moved the- King little to desist from The Priests willing the war ; which was continually furthered by the Bishop$ anfi Ckr^y, who, in their Convocation, gave a large bene- volence towards the maintenance of those wars, and com- manded their tribes, in their several pulpits, to inveigh, and cry-aloud against the prophane iScots, and to per- suade the people to assist as willing'y as against Infidels or Turks. His MajcvSty again commanded the Nobility to attend him in this Northern expedition, who leisurely, and, rather unseasonably or unwillingly than otherwise, attended him at York, All men knew this war was promoted by the Clergy, whom the Nobiliiy began to disdain and scorn, and the Gtniry and Yeomanry of England extremely to hate : for, at this present time, the High-Commission Court and other bawdy CourtSf did most horrible injustice against the per- sons and estates of aiiy Genl>emun, who, by misfwrtune, wa" brought before them. Ihcre was also one IPrenn, Bishop of Sornichy born in London j a IcUow, whose fa- ther sold Babies, and such yi^dlertj-^-xcQt in Cheapmle: this and forward. The Episcopal \\'ar with the ScMtSt Bishop Wrenn busy Fricst. Death of King Charles. .105 Laud, hisJudgement of WrenD. this fellow, very peremptorily, one day, as he s;\t in Ju* dfcatttre, in the High-commission Court, szid openly f he • hoped to live and see the time, when a Master of /l*^tSt Abuia the Gentry, or a Minister^ should be as good a man as any Jack Gen^ tleman in England, And, verily, the pride of this saucy Citizen's Son, hath been one main cause of the ruin of the Clerscy, Concerning this Wrenn, I know that Can- ' . terburrt preferred him, and brought him to those Eccle- siastical advancements in Court and Churchy which he en- joyed ; 1 do also know, and have heard it from some who waited on Canterbury in his chamber, that he would oft say, '* That the rash actions, and unwarrantable pro- ceedings, of this JVrenn would undo the Clergy" but, in regard that he had been the sole means of his advancement, he could not well do any act prejudicial against him, but it would redound to the dishonour of himself, and the Clergy in general. Also he had many reluctancies in him* self, for preferring so unworthy and scornful a fellow, who proved the scandal and scorn of Church-men, and an ex- traordinary plague to the whole Nation : for, upon his plaguing and punishing many godly clothiers in the countries of Norfolk and Suffolk, they were inforced to leave their native country, and betake themselves and fa- milies into the United Proiinces, where they have taught the Dutch the Art and Manufacture of Clothing, even to the utrer impoverishment of this whole Nation, &c. And yet this wretched Wrenn lives, &c. As I remember, near upon, or in, this year 1639, or '6K), the Citizens of London were miserably abused by a be^'garly Knight, one Sir Pliillips of Ireland, who ex- hibited his bill against them, for certain misdemeanours, preteniled to be committed by some oi: their sub-officers in Irtland, about the pans of Londonderry . True it is, the Citizens of London, very gallantly, about the coming-in of King James, or not long after, sent Colonies of their own, in great numbers, and at their own extreme great charges, to settle a civil plantation in the North of Ireland, They had a large Patent from King James, and many pri- vileges granted unto them for their so doing, and planting} and tor above thirty years they had quietly possessed their own lands there ; and had built many beautiful market- M 2 towns. The Londunen tormented by ont Phillips, near this year. The noble Perform- anceti of the London- en in Ireland. Mi.. ■•i.te U" I* Hi \''i 164 Observatiom on the Life and Thev are abused and fined in the Star- chamber. And lose their Land is Ireland. towns, and one, or more, City or Cities, and many Church- es, in the territories assiprned them. But near these years of J 639 and 1640, this Sir r'A?///j&.? demanding some un- reasonable things of the Citizens, and being denied them, he, in malice, exhibits his bill for misdemeanours of their officers, against the Londoners^ in the Star -chamber, and brought the cause unto a hearing ; and the Court of Star" chamber fined the Londoners deeply, and adjudfi^ their plantations to be fiwrfeited to the King ; who a^ eagerly and greedily swallowed them for his own. This very act, in, dr near, this exigence of time, so imbittered the spi- rits of the Cidzens, that, although they were singularly invited for loan of moneys, and had as great plenty in their possessions as ever, yet they would not contribute any assistance, or money, against the Scots ^ or to the advance of his Majesty in this his Scottish expedition. And, though I do not attribute these casualties and losses of the Cities, to be derived or caused from the eclipse of 1639, although the eclipse wa« in i, which sign is the ascend- cause^^^f 'Evir^LiIu a^t of London', yet certainly, that eclipse did, in a natu- sign to shew the ral way, threaten, or portend, much damage unto them, and did manifest the casualties, but was not the cause. There was at last a cessation of arms, by consent of both parties, Scots znd Enp/ish, Some petty scuiBing there was to no purpose ; and the King, when he saw no other means could be thought-on for to serve his turn, and that the common soldiers unanimously refused engaging with the Scots, and finding himself aho pressed by the constant and earnest desire of the £/?^'//sA Nobility, which attended ' him, he, with much unwillingness, at length, was content, Another Pailiament to give summons for another Parliament, to be convened on the third day of November, 1640. But, you muit understand, in the mean while, that, when the King saw he could no ways engage the English against the Scots, he had sent unto Ireland for the then present Lord- deputy, the Larl of Straj[/ord, (formerly Sir Thomas If^enttvorthf a Yorhhire Gentleman by birth, and one who had formerly been a great stickler against him, until, poisoned with Cuurt-preferment, he turned Royalist, and so was made Lord-deputy of Ireland ; a man of the rarest parts, and deepest judgement of any Englishman living ;) I say. Will not assist against the Scots. The Eclipse not the Evil. called. TheEarl of Strafford, Lord-Deputy of Ireland, sentfor. A man of rare parts. Poisoned ferment. with pre- Death of King Charles. t$9 Accused for it. I say, he sent for this Strctfford to consult with him abotit composing these emergent differences. Strafford advises with Canterbnrij^ all to little purpose : ( for the Bishop was a very ass in anything but Church-matters;) the hand oi ?roviae?ice now going along with the Parliament and Teo|)le ui love with Commonwealth, who became Masters of the affections of »"">'"*"*• all publick-spirited people, the King daily declining. In Decline the King. -Vpr;7, I6il, the Parliament accuse Sirqffbrd for several Misdemeanors, Treasons, Tyrannies, &c. against the Commonwealth, during his government in Ireland. The . ' Parliament follow it so lustily, that, notwithstanding 5^ /Y/^r^ .spoke and defended himseU' as well as any mor- tal man in the world could do, yet, he was found guilty, had his sentence to die, and did die. The Earl of Jrundel, ^^'^^°'^ '»*^<^"'^- being Lord High Steward, the King signed the warrant for Sentenced to die. his death, either by himself or by Commissioners. Thus The King signs « died Siraijord, the wisest Politician this Nation ever bred. wananttbrhisHeath. Ail men accuse the King for his falseness ind cowardice unto this man ; who, being satisfied, in his own con- science, that Strafford was not guilty of Treason or Death, but only of misdemeanours, yet, signed a warrant, either under his own hand, or by Commissioners, for his execu- tion. Some there are who do say, that with the same pen, and at the same time, he signed the warrant against Strafe ford, and also the Act for a triennial or perpetual Parlia- ment, which should not be dissolved without consent of both Hous««. Many athrm.the Queen procured him to do both those things ; others impute it to flamblelon*: it matters not who did it, or persuaded him to it. It was his ruin, &c. The matter is not of great importance, who the persons were that invited the iicots to come into England, Some thoughtthatP*//w,/yr/7«YY/<.^, and several other Gentlemen, were mstrumemal to it: and it is very likely that they were so, and that the King kpew as much, but could not remedy it. The Parliament, however, in policy and judgement, gave the Scots a round sum oi money for their losses, and i*he Scott depart out ordered tliem to depart this Kingdom; which they did: »» England, so that in ylugust, lt>4t, the King went into Scotland, pxut'' Thp King gou int« poiely to pacify and compose the present threatening dif- s«°"*"**- ierences there. In the same month of .'I u^uit, 1641, 1 beheld the old (^ueen» Mother cf i'Va;ice,djpartingfrom .Lo/i(/o72, in com* M 3 pany \ •That is, fheDukt ofllaiiiiltou. I6S Observations on the Life aiid py^f .P.1 1 ^■ 1. .'•I , ;*, ■ ■v *, 'I pany of Thomas Earl of/frundeL A sad spectacle of mor- tality it was, and produced tears from mine eyes, and many other beholders, to see an aged, lean, decrepid, poor The Queen-Mother Queen j ready for her grave, necessitated to depart hence, of England.^"** °^' having no place of residence in this world left her, but where the curtesy of her hard fortune assigned it. She had been the only stately and magnificent woman of £m- rope, wife to the greatest King that ever lived in France, The Kine loves not '"o^^^'' ""^^ ^^^ ^^"K ^^^ ""*o ^^o Queens. The King Arundel. cared not much for the Earl of yirundeJ ; being, he was of a severe and grave nature, could not endure Court-novelties or flatterers, was potent in Allies, Sec. But there was one thing, or cause, mainly above the rest, and that was, because the Earl of ^rwncfe/, being jLord High Steward, and Judge in Strafford's trial, gave his voice that he was guilty ot Treason, &c. The Earl also had, but a few years before, given the King a touch of his own great I« th kf I nent (jr coec. II Observations on the Life and , book meddles not with, or answers : First, why his Mi« jesty was so tender-hearted to the ///sfc, as not to suffer above forty Proclamations to issue-out against those Re- bels in Ireland ; and those also to no purpose, or unop- portunely, when too late. Besides, to shew his respect unto th2m. I know he obliterated, with his own hand, the words Irish Rebels, and put-inthe words Irish Subjects, in a manuscript discourse, written by Sir Edward II aider, and presented unto him, (which I have seen of the Irish rebellion, &c. Secondly, whereas, the Parliament were sending-over clothes and other necessaries, for the Eng- lish soldiers in Ireland, the King seized them as they went, and armed and furnished the English and ^Velsh with them against the Parliament, The reasons of these two actions, are omitted by the penner of his Portraiture. In November, 1641, the Parliament still sitting, the King comes tor London, is entertained by them in the greatest State that might be, and is met on the way by some hundreds in gold chains j and nothing is now cried, but Hosanna, welcome home, your Majesty is welcome. The Queen, perceiving a breach was likely to take place betwixt the King and Parliament, thought politically to en- gage the City for fiim. He gives the Citizens good words, tells them, he will give them their Lands in Ireland again, a promise he was never able to perform, &c. As I remem- ber, he also, at their request, kept his Christmas at Whiie- hall,havirig otherwiseintended to have kept it at Hampton- Court; and he also knighted some of the Akkrnieu, At his return from Scotland, he affirmed in a speech he made u:!to both Houses, how he had left that Kingdom in as quiet and good Condition as could be expected ; The Devil was in the Crags of the Scots, if he left them vot anient' ed, when he had given them nhatever they required^ and had signed whatever they desired or demanded, confirmed as much as their large Consciences cuuki require. But now in January 1641, began a Seaot misfortunes to fall upon us, and overvvhelin our long continued hap- piness, by disagreement of the Xing and the two Hou?i.'s of Parliament, and partly by the daily coining to the Parliament House of many hundred Citizens, sometimes in a very rude mannLT, Trie 'If Death of King Cftartes. True it is, the King disliked these too frequent ad- dresses unto both . Houses in so tumultuous and un- warrantable a manner ; whereupon, fearing the worst, (as himself pretended ) he had a Court of Guard, before PThtie-lial/, of *' e Trained- Bands; he had also many dissolute Gentlemen, and some very civil, that kept within White-half, with their Swords by their sides, to be ready upon any sudden occasion. Verily, Men's fears now began to be great ; and it was by many per- ceived, that the King began to swell with anger against the proceedings of ParUament^ and to intend a War against them ; some speeches dropt from him to that purpose. It happened one day, as some of the ruder sort of Citizens came by fVhite-hally one busy Citizen must needs cry, No Bishops. Some of the Gentlemen issued-out of ff'hile-hall, either to correct the sauciness of the fool in words, if they would serve ; else, it seems, with blows. What passed on either side in words, none but themselves knew. The Citizen, being more tongue than Soldier, was wounded, and, I have heard, died of his wounds received at that time. It hath been affirmed by very many, that in, or near unto, that place where this fellow was hurt and wounded, the late King's Head was cut-oif, the Scaffold standing just over that place. Those People, or Citizens, who used thus to flock unto ^Festminster^ were, most ot them. Men of mean, or a mid- dle, quality,thcmselves,having no Aldermen, Merchants, or Common- Council- Men among them ; but they were set-on by some of better quality : and yet most of them^wrere either such as bad publick spirits, or lived a more religious life than the vulgar, and were usually called Puritans, 2tnd had suffered under the tyranny of the Bishops. In the general they were very honest Men and well-meaning : some particular fools, or others, perhaps, now and then, got-in amon;jst them, greatly to the disadvantage of the mere sober. They were modest in their apparel, but not in their language; they had the hair of their heads very few of them longer than their ears { whereupon it came to pass, that those who usually with their cries attended at Wenmiitsitt were by a Nickname called Round-heuds. The 169 Hath a Guard. People begin to fear. King intends a war. A saticy Citizen coiv reeled too sevcreiy near WhUebalU Quality of the Citi- zens wlio flocked to Westminster. Tiisy had suftercd under Bishops, and were honest men. How the names of Roundhead aud Ca* vatitr begun. !i |T,-i'! 170 ¥ ■ It tf - r h The citiient were much abused during all King Okaries'* reigo. N.B. Thp Kins; never per- fornird fiii proini»e> when a Parliament -wai notiittiiiijE. Private contulutiont at court. The King laohlv cn- tcri tlie (liiuiolved,they must have been rucked, wbipt and stript by the snotty Clergy, and other extravagant courses ^ and for any amendment which they might expect front the King, they too well knew his temper ; thati though in a time of Paniament he often promised to redress any Grievances, yet the best friend he hath cannot produce any one Aca of good for his Subjects done by him in the vacancy of a Parliament. The losers usually have leave to speak, and so had the Citizens. All this Christmas, 1641, there was nothing but private whisperings in Court, and secret Councils held l3y the ^ueen and her party, with >\hom the King sat in Coun- cil very late many nighrs. What wiih the particular Result oi those clandestine Consultations, it >«ill presently appear. January 4, 1641. By vhat hinister Counsel led, I know not ; but the King in Fd\son >^c'nt into the then Lower House of i'ariuimcnt' ■v>\nirt tue Commons sat, and, for some things he had been iniorined of, demanded live of their principal Members, viz. i'iinm, HoUis, Hazleri^g, Hampden If 1 i ( M' - Death of King Charle s. 171 kst and I Cava' id been nt were ared for : vulgar ver, the itlemen, le City ; ; and be hen ob- ifFerings ed, had, great, he iJigk as mt-n le place, jtt'crings )citig as« ^ed,they ic snotty for any c King, i time of cvances, one Actt ncy of a speak, t private 1 by the u Coun- aiiicuiur presently , I know n Lower and, for d live ot azleritfg, lauipden Hambden and Stroud, to be delivered-up to him, as guilty ot high treason. In that Book called his Vortrau twr, he affirms that he went to the House of Commons to demand Justice upoa rhose five Mcaibers ; and saith, he thought he had discovered some unla vfal correspon- dencies and engagements they had made to euibrod his Kingdoms ; he ci^nfesseth he missed but lliile ot jjrocur- ing some writings, &c. to make his thoughvir, good. So h^ had no evidence here is no Evidence against these Members, but iiis* own againit them. Thoughts, as himself conlesseth. But assuredly, jiad he demanded Justice of the i-iouse of Commons against . . them, and proved his Charge, he might have had it. But, for himself to attach their Bodies, and be Judge also ^as Hwcruehy to Elliot, he intended) was a matter most unequal j and, surely, had it been in his power to have got their bodies, he would have served these Members as he did Sir John Liliot, whom, without cause, he had committed to the Tower, and never would either release him, or shew cause of his commitment, till his death. All that time he had a Guard with him at the door of Hisattcndantididno the House of Parliament, consisting of many Gentlemen ™* ** Wesumn- with Halberts and Swords. Truly I diil not hear that there was any incivility offered by those Gentlemen then at' tending unto any Member of the House, his Majesty having given them strict Commaiids to the contrary. This rash action of the King's lost him his Crown ; for, as he was the tirst oi Kings that ever, or so imprudently, brake the priviledges by his entrance into the House of Thii attempt Commons assembled in Parliament, so, by that unparaU leu^tli" Ih'e lou ol leled Demand of his, he utterly lost himself, ana left his Cruwn, scarce any possibiUty of reconcilement } he not being willing to trust (hem, nor they to trust him, who had so often failed them. It was my fortune that very day to dine in /f Ai/e-A«//, and hi that room where the Halberts, newly brought from the Tower, were lodged for the use of such as attended the King to the House of Commons. Sir Peter Wich, ere we had fully dmed, came into the room i was in, and brake-open the Chests wherein the Arms were, wiiich friguted us all that were there ; hovv> <- ever, one oi our Company got out ot doors, and presently informed some Members that the King was preparing to come unto the House ; else 1 bcUcve all those iidembers. I 4 172 ObservaiioM on the Life and Tbe King'i reputa- tion 1<1IU V Nextday h^frotsinfo the ch\ ; dfr.taiitig theMeiikLv:;. tijere. TF'c Author of t^i- Jait- Kiii)^'i Buok a liar. 'I'JivKn^ was notaf. tiiitiud ill th«* iitj. Gondnf*!! of tlir riti arns anil l.utlituliK'M b> ttic l'4iliaiiifiit. Tlic fMT ^ffnillr^^ liriiu|ilft to (lie I'Hr iiHint-itt. JuiiuMrx i<), !r or some of them, would have been taken in the House; all that I could do farther was presently to be gone. But it happened also the same day, that some of my neighbours were at the Court of Guard at iVhile-hall, imto whom I related the King's present Design, and con> jured them, to defend the Parliament and Members thereof, in whose well or ill doing consisted our happi< ness or misofrtune; th'ey promised assistance, if need were ; and, I believe, would have stoutly stood to it for defence of the Parliament or Members thereof. The King lost his reputation exceedingly by this his improvi- dent and unadvised demand ; yet, notwithstanding his fail- ure of bucci'ss in the attempt, so wilful and obstinate was he, in pursuance of that preposterous course he intended, and so desirous to compass the bodies of these five members, that the itext day he posted and trotted into the city to de- mand the Members there : he convened a meeting at Guild- hall ; and the Common- Cotmcil assembled : but Mum could he >;f.t there j for the Word, London-Derry, was then fresh in every Man's mouih. Bui, whereas the Author of the King's Portraiture com- plains that the insoiency ot the tumults was such, that his Mrijcsty's person was ia danger in the Streets ; This is a very uutniih. for, notwithtitaiiding his iVlajesty duied in the City that day on which ho required the live Menibei*s of the Citizens, yet he had no incivility in the least ntea- sure oftered unto his person ; only many cried-out as he pusscd the streets ; Sir. Lti h.\ have our just Liberties ; uc desire nn more. Unto which he several times an- swered, 7 hty ihnutdf Sifc. An hoati.t Citizen, as 1 remember, threw hito his Coach a new Sermon, me Text whereof was, as I now remenile; j To I hi/ 7e/7/,v, Oh Israel. Indeed the Citi- ^LUf (in; to ihcir everlasi ig honour be it spoken) did, with wuich r.s'lmion, protect they^v* Atembtrs, and many ihousaiuls were willing to sacrifice their lives for defence of the Parliitnuni and the several Members thereof. 1 iie tenth ut Jnntiary approached and came, upon wliich day ihejiit di-mnttltd ..Members were brought Uiitu the lluuke ot Commons with as much Triumph as could be cxprrsbed, several Coirpanits of 1 rained- Bands marching Death oj King Charles. marching to the Parliament to assist, if need were ; there •were upon the Thames River I know not how many Barges full of Sailors, having somv' C tins ready-charged, if occasion were ; and lheioi'.r>. His Ma- jesty in thn mean time being destitute both of the al]lc« lions of his People ami moans to supply an Amuv, which it was pCHxIvcd he intended shortly to riro, r;tii;;:.i( from viewing Hull unto York. 'Ihe Parli.nn.nr having perfect intelii^eDvc, and being assuivd lie wouM rui>e un Army 17S Sailors, their love t« the Parliament. 7S The Kins called lh» In Iiiste and anger leaves Whtte-hall. Junuaivio, 1041*42. Goes into Yoikshii«. I.' not admitted into li at. Si' J'J.lUilh;inikft'i-* it f.ji tic I'atliuiiiciit. 'Ihcra.lnrW'.r'Mrk v 'i po-..'e.'i)(ioj"t'it ••avv ioi' ;lif 1 a !!«• J74 Observatiom on the Life and !f I ■ i t Many of the Lords and Comirons leave London, and fly to the King at York. EiKx remains at London, and is made General of the Par- liament-Forces. The band was in it. of God Few Noblemen good, «r fit to be trusted. The Citizens List many Suldieis uiuicr Esiex. The Parliament- aiiny liudiiiaityittulte knave in it in the first Lx|iediUun. Army againiit thein,began to consider of thdr present con- dition; whom to make their General, and how to raise Men and Money for their own and the Commonwealth's de- fence. But a man would have blessed himself to see what running and trotting-away here was, both of Lords and Commoners, unto his Majesty. I do assure you a very thin House was left ; of the Lords who remained, pMex, the People's darling, was the Chief; a most noble soul and generally well esteemed ; he in this exigency was by both Mouses nominated and voted to be the Parliament's General. I do herein admire at the wonderful Provi- dence of Almighty God, who put it into the People's heart to make this Man General, this very Earl, this good man, who had suffered beyond belief, by the partial judgement of King James, who, to satisfy the Letchery of a lustful Scot, took-away Essex his Wife ( being a lewd Woman) for one Carr, alias Earl of Somersrtt she pretending that Essex was frigidiu in co-itu, and old Jevnmtf believing it. Had Essex refused to be General, our Cause in all likelihood had ruiik in the beginning, we having never a Nobleman at that time, either willing or capable of that Honour and Preferment ; indeed scarce any of them were fit to be trusted. So that God raii;ed-up Essex to be a scourgejbr ihe Son ot him by whom he had been so unjustly abused : And, for the Countess, she had abundance of sorrow ere she died, and felt the Divine hand of Hea- ven against her ; for she was incapable of coition at least a dozen years before she died, having an imp* diment in that very Member which she had su much delighted in and abf >ed ; and this I had from thi' mouth of one who saw her when bowelled. As for .Vo ' trjef himself", he died a poor Man, contemptible and dr^pised of every tnan; acd yti I never heard ;iiiy ill of that Scottish Alan, except in this single busint&s concerning the tarl of Kssex and his Wife. In tliis Summer th(i Citizens listed themselves plentifully for Soldiers j Horse and Arms were provided, and the Lord knows how many treacherous Knaves had Commands in this flrst Expedition in the Parliament's , Army ) so that, if Gud himself had not been on our ude, we must of uece&>ity have perished. The Death of King Charlei, "I mise* hrgeiy. Plate and Money come-in apace for (he service of the Parliament* Hie Majesty did want proviMons of Arns. The Yo\ith of the City of London made-up the major part of Essex his Infantry : his Horses were good, but the Riders unskilful ; for they were taken-up as they , came and listed or offered themselves unto the Service. The truth is, the Parliament were, at that time, glad to ' 9ee any Men's willingness and forwardness unto their The Parliament pro- Sgrvice ; therefore they promised large, and made some ""'"" *° — '" pleasing Votes ; so that the Plate and Monies of the Citizens came tumbling into Guild-hall upon the Pub- lick Faith. His Majesty in the interim, and at that time, was neces- sitated for Money and Arms extremely, having no Maga^ zine to command but those of the Northern Countries ; yea, into what other Country soever he came (and he traversed many) he was so courteous that he made shift to seize their arms and carry them along with him, pretending that he would use them for the safety of the People and his Person. The King had lain most part at York, or rambled into some other Counties near adjacent, until August; and done little to any purpose ; for the several Counties were ge- nerally nothing inclinable to his purpose, in most whereof and in every County he came into, he rather received petty allVonts than support. Yet at last he came to Notting- ham, and there set-up His Standard (with a full reso- lution for WarJ the '.^2nd of August, 1642, under this Constellation, having some few Horse with him ; but in great expectation of more aid from the Welsh, &c. who, he thought, were most devoted to Monarchy. 7J f IS Mis Standard tet*itp at Nottinj>hani. Auijust i%, 1649. The I. A ii: ■ i \ -' I' :v; ■ 176 Obtervatioru on the Life and n The Heralds, or, at least, those who then were with the King, were ignorant, how, and in what manner, to set- up the Standard-Royal \ they therefore hung it out in one of the Turrets, or upper Rooms, of Noltitigbam-Caxtie, within the Castle* Wall. King Richard the 1 hird had for< merly set-up his Standard there, &c. His Majesty di&liked his Standard having been placed within the Castle ; he said it ought to be placed in an open place, wtiere all men, that would, might freely come unto it, and not in a Pri- son ; they thereiore carried it, at his Command, without the Castle, towards, or into the Park there adjoining, into an open place and easy of access. When they came to fix it in I he ground, they perceived it was a mere rock of Stone, so that they with Daggers and Knives made a stntll hole tor the Standard to be put in ; but all would not serve, Men were inforced for the present to support it Deith of King Charles. ir7 7J n His three fkvouritei all come to untimelj end*. It \irith the strength of their arms and bodies, which gave-^ great occasion unto some Gentlemen there present to give a very sad judgement on the King's side, and to divine, long before-hand, that he would never do any * ' ,. good by Arms. I have also heard, that in eight or ten . ^ : days he had not thirty men that attended the Standard, or listed themselves. All the remainder of his Life after this August 2'i, After i6«, the King 1642, was a mere labyrinth of Sorrow, a continued and "*d oo good dayt. daily misfortune, unto which it seems that Providence had ordained him from the very entrance of his Reign. His Wars are wrote by several learned hands, unto wh6th. I refer the Reader : . I shall only repeat a few more things of him, and then conclude. Favourites he had three, Buckingham^ stabbed to death ; William Laudy and Thomas f Earl of Strafford, both beheaded. Bishops and Clergy-men, whom he most favored and wholly ad- vanced, and occasionally ruined ; he lived to see their Bishopricks sold, the Bishops themselves scorned, and Biihopt mined. all the whole Clergy of his party and opinion quite un- ti done. The English Noblemen he cared lot much for, but He cared nor forth* only to serve his own turns by them. Yet such as had Nobles of England. ^, the unhappiness to adventure their lives and fortunes for him, he lived to see them and their Families runied only for his sake. Pity it is that many of them had not served a more fortunate Master, and one more grateful. The Scots, his Countrymen, on whom he bestowed so many favours, he lived to see them in Arms against him- self ; f.o sell him for more money than the Jews did Christ, and themselves to be handsomely routed and sold for Knaves and Slaves. They made their best Market of him at all times, changing their affection with his fortune. The old Prince of Aurange he almost beggared ; and He beggared Au. p. yet to no purpose, the Parliament, one time or other, '^■°*^** getting all the Arms andAmmunition which ever came .-ri, j, ,, over unto him : It is confidently averred, that, if the King lived not to master had become absolute here in England^ Aurange had been *^* •'** Hollander, King, &c. ll The City of London, which he had 6o sorely oppressed, TbeLondoaen M and tT4 Obseitations m the Life and The Parliament su periour to the King. He cared not for the Spauiardfi or they for Franc* caret not for him. Denmark' Sweden. The Princes of Ger- many. The Hollanders no better than Turks. Ife caret not for them. 'tnd slighted, he lived to see thousands of it's citizens in Arms against him ; and to see them thrive, in their oppo- sition to him, and himself to consume unto nothing. The Parliament i which he so abhorred, and formerly scorned; he lived to know was superiour unto him ; and the scorns and slights he had used formerly to Elliott and others, he saw now returned upon himself in folio. With Spain he had no periect correspondency, after his return trom it ; and still less, after he had suffered tbdr fleet to perish in his Havens; and least of all, after he had received an Ambassadour irom Portugal-, the Spaniard ever upbraiding him with falsehood and breach of pro- mise. Indeed, the Nativities of both Kings were very contrary. With France he had no good amity ; the Protestants there, abhorring his legerdemaine and treachery unto Rochell ; the Papists as little loving or trusting him, for some hard measure offered unto those of their Religion in England* He cunningly would labour to please all, but^ in effect, gave satisfaction to none. Denmark could not endure him ; and sent him little assistance^ if any at all. Besides, the old King suspected another matter, and made a quaere in his drink. The Swede extremely complained of him, for not performing of some secret contract betwixt them, and uttered high words against him. The Protestant Primc£s of Germany loathed his very name, &c. 1 he Portugal King and he had little to do with each other. Yet, in one oi his own letters to the Queen ; though he acknowledges the Portugal's courtesy unto him, yet, he saith, that he would give him an answer, unto a ttung of concernment, that should signify nothing. 1 he Hoiianders, (being only courteous for their own ends, and as far as his money would extend,) furnished him with arms at such rates, as a Turk might have had them elsewhere ; but they neither loved or cared for him in his prosperity, nor pitit^d him in bis adversity ; which occa- sioned these words to drop from him, '' That, if he ever " came to his throne, he would make Haru Butter^box « know he should pay well for his fishing, andssttisfy •« for old knaveries," &c. . ^^ m ■ ■. •■ m: : Ir .? .Death of King Charles, 17S I i* In p]( conclusion, he was gener^ly unfortunate in the world, in the esteem both of friends and enemies ; his friends ex- claim oh his breach of faith ; his enemies would say, he could never be fast enough bound. He was more lament- ed, as he was a King, than for any affection any had unto his person as a man. He had several opportunities offered him for his re- storing: First, by several Treaties, all ending in smoke^ by his own perverseness: and. Secondly, by several op- portunities and victories, of which he did not make ad- vsmtage. The first of these was, when Bristol had, in a cowardly manner, been surrendered by Fiennes, For, if he had then come unto London, all had been his own ; but, loitering to no purpose at Gloucester^ he was, pre- sently after, well banged by Essex, The second, was, when in the West,i;/z.in Cornwall, he had worsted Essex. For if he had then immediately hasted to London, his army had been, without doubt, masters of that citv. For Manchester was none of his enemy at that time, tnough he was General of the Associated Counties. Or, i^ before the Scots came into England, he had com- manded the Earl of Newcastle to march Southward for London, he could not have missed obtaining the City ; ^d then the work had been ended. Or, when, in 1645, he had taken Leicester, if, then, he had speedily marched for London, I know not who could have resisted him. But his camp was so over- charged with Plunder and Irish Whores, that there was no marching. Amongst many of hb misfortunes, this, which I will now relate, was not the least, t;/». when the Parliament, the last time, had resolved to send him Propositions unto the Isie of /fight, he had advice sent him by his best friends, that the only way j^and that there was no other means remain- ing upon e^rth — to make himself happy, and settle a firm Peace betwixt himself and the Parliament, and to bring him out of thraldom, was to receive our Commissioners civilly, and to sign whatever Propositions they should bring with them, and, above all, to make haste to London, and to do all things speedily : and he was willing,and promised fairly, to perform thus much. Andyet, our Commissioners wereno He was an unfortuH nateMaa. ■ , • i Several opportuni- ties otFered for his restoring : all lo^t. Manchester, in tlic year 1044, was uo enemy to the King. His lait misfortunoi *'•%■'<<,•<*• Some Parliametit* Men had a hand in tbii bus>ue«i> * jjo 1o ObservatiMS m thg Zi/t and sooner come to the place o^ the Treaty, but one • of them, (a subtle old Fox) had, every mght, private and long Con- ferences with him ; and when his Majesty had communi- cated to him his intention, of agning the Propositions of the Parliament, utterly disapproved that resolution, and told him plainly, *' That he might come into his ParUa- ment upon easier terms ; for, he assured him, that the House of Lords were wholly his, and at his devotion. (This old man knew that well enough, himself being one of them ; ) and that, in the House of Commons, he had such a strong party, that the Propositions would be mi- tigated, and made more easy and more Jit for him to sign.** Upon this, the old Lord was to be Treasurer, apud G. etcas Calendas, and a cowardly son of his fwas to be Se- cretary of State. This was the last and greatest misfortune that ever befel him, to bethus ruled and K>oled by thatback- sliding Lord,, who was never fortunate, either to Parlia- ment or Commonweafth. — But bythis action, and the like, you may perceive how easily the King was ever convertible unto the worse advice. In like nature, at the former time of Propositions being sent unto him, when, of himself, he was inclinable to give the Parliament satisfaction by complying with their Propositions, the Scots Commissioners,pretending what their cold affectionate country woufd do for him, dis- suaded him from it } and, upon this, their dissembling, he hadso little wit as to slight the English, and con^de in the Scots; though he well knew that they alone had been the means of ruining him and his posterity, by their jug- gling, selling, and betraying him. Whilst he was in prison at Carisbrooh Castle, horses were laid at several stages, both in Sussex and Kent, pur- posely to have conveyed him to the Kentish forces; so that he might have been at the head of them, and with the re- volted ships, if he could have escaped. And he was so near escaping, that his legs and body, even unto his breast, were out of the window. But, whether fear surprised him, or, (as he said himself) he could not get his body out at the window, being, full- chested; he tarried behind, &c. and did not escape. Many such misfortunes attended him ; so that one may truly say, he was, Regum infelicissimus. *Xhe pen'on here alluded-ii>, was the Lord Say and Scale. t 'U>at i«, Colonel Nathaoici F\enn t N 4 Ij' '', ". • ^1 . C. ■.*'** -.fi %^.^ - 1 .» 1*1 '^Mio-,i\,ji: ' 't „• f « 'i - • ■■ '^i / :• -^ - i ' ■ ;'■'. •*.«J« ~ / ;^-fc ,''»J.^Tt*«.' i TO .l:^£.n-y^iii*:.. HIS GRACE ifi^i JOHN, DUKE OF NEWCASTLE, &c. May it please your Grace i ', vV HEN the following Papers of the famous Lord HoUe$, your great Uncle, happened to fall into my hands, I could not long deliberate whether they deserved a public view, and therefore intended to get them printed without any farther Ceremony ; for the large share he had in the transactions of those times will as much engage others to read these Me- moirs, as the Defence he was obliged to make for himself are a sufficient reason for his writing them. But when 1 under- stood that your Grace (out of the love you bettr to virtuous Acdons, and your piety towards so near a Relation) did order a stately Monument to be erected at Dorchester for this il- lustrious Person, I was of opinion, that ar well for that rea- son, as because in bis lifetime he entertained an extraordinary affection and esteem for you, your Name should in like man* ner be inscribed on this Miou deserved so weil i 186 Dedication. well, and particularly in appearing early, like your noble Ancestors, for ihe Liberty of these Nations) will acknowledge it an obligation ; nor, if any thing should chance to be amisS, can I doubt but an easy pardon will be granted to one who is, though unknown, my Lord, with so profound a respect, your Grace's most humble Servant. V'P^ i'Mit^:j-m Hatch «», 1699- .■i 0; -;.'"' 7 W: ! V ' * ^ f ^ At m .ji:s/C .J?;^: ,{ '< .V""l>y W, i',- , •^■.;^ s , /• ,n » ■ '*:' < .••ii-» r. " - TUB 'r THE f .irt .' - ^ ... ^ ,1 ^ MBLISflER TO THE READER. I 4 i'' I ' wUCH as reailiy desire to Icnow the naked Truth, and propose for their chiefest aim the common good (which are certainly the hest, though not the greatest, part of Mankind) have ever expressed a desire in their Writings, of seeing the Memoirs of all parties made puhlick, as the most effectual means of framing a true General History. For, in those places, where nothing is licensed to appear but what visibly tends to the advantage of one side, there can be no sincere representation of affairs ; the basest Cowards must pass for the bravest He- roes, the worst of Villains for the greatest Saints, the most Ignorant and Vicious, for Men of Learning and Virtue ; and the Enemies of their Country, for its Preservers and Friends. W^ithout consulting, therefore, the particular interest or re- putation of any Faction, but only th3 benefit of Enghrd in general ; these Memoirs of the great Lord Holies are cor*:Ju- nicated to the world, that, by comparing them with thr»t 'jt t4udlow, and such as have appeared before, or will be fui.* lished hereafter, relating to the same times, the)' t ,y p^rd mutual ligh*^ to each other; and, alter distingui ^Mig the personal resentments, or private biasses, of every ont o*^l'»eirn, the Truth wherein they are all found to agree (thou^i. dressed by them in differont garbs) may, by some impartial and skil- ful hand, be related with moi'e candour, clearness, h'A uni- formity. What figure our Author made in the Parliament and in the wars, at home and abroad, in his private and pub- lick capacities, is gr>neraily known, and needs not theretbrc be mentioned in this place. TUc account he gives of himself n the following papers, isconfirmcd by many living wit- nesses 188 The Publisher to the Reader. (.' m Br,. IH if *' nesses ds well as, in the greatest part, by other writers of the same transactions. But, whether the vehemence of his style, the barbarous usage he received, his concern for the Presby- terian party, and his displeasure at the King's misfortunes (to whom he was thea an adherent and a friend,) have not guided his pencil to draw the lines of CromweiFs face too strong, and the shadows loo many, I refer to the judgement of the disinte- rested Reader, desiring him to allow all that is reasonably due to one in these, or the like, circumstances. This caution, Justice has obliged me to insert : For, as to that tyrannical Usurper of the Supreme Administration, who proved so ungrateful to the Commonwealth, so treacherous to the King, and so fatal to both, I think him bad enough painted in his own true co- lours, without standing in need of exaggerating rhetorick to make him look more odious or deformed. I should write something here likewise with relation to General Fan fax, but that the properest place for it, seems to be in a Preface to his own MEMORIAL, which is in good hands, and, it is hoped, may be shortly exposed to pubiick view. How far, soever. King Charles the First's Enemies in England, may look on themselves as disobliged, or any of his Friends as neglected, by Lord Holies, the Scots are surely beholding to him; for, in his long Panegyric on that Nation, he has said more in their behalf than their own Historians have ever been able to offer. But in this, and other matters of the like nature, wc shall not anticipate the Reader's curiosity or judgement : I shall, therefore, only acquaint him, that, though this Piece be en- titled, Memorials, from the History it contains, yet, in sub- stance, it is an Apology for that Party who took-up arms, not to destroy the King, or alter the Constitution, but to restore the last, and oblige the former to rule according t» law. ii!: ma ■'rM*. ^,^:]'-i.U '■ jt-'. J THK AUTOHR'S EPISTLE, DEDICATORY. itice erof ihe To the unparalleled Couple, Mr, Oliver St, John, hh Maj€sty*s Sollicitor Generalt and Mr, Oliver Crom- well, the Parliaments Lieutenant- General, the two grand Designers of the Ruin of Three Kingdoms, Gbntlehbn, As you have been priocipul in miuistring the matter of this Discourse, ^nd giving me the leisure of making it, by banish- ing nie from my Country and Business, so is it reason, I should particularly address it tu you. You will find in it some representation of the grosser lines of youi features, those outward and notorious enormities, that make yo .» remarkable, and your Pictur; i easy to be known; which carniot be ex- pected here so fully to the life as I could wisli. He only can do that, whose eye tend hand have been with you, in your se-, cret counsels, who have scon you at your Meetings, your Sabbaths, where you have laid-by your assuiucd shapes (with which you have cozened the world) and resumed your own ; imparting to each other, and both of you to your Fellow- Witches, the bottom of your Desi(^ns, the Policy of your ^Actings, the Turns of your Contrivances, all your False- hoods, Cozenin;:s, Villainie-i, and Cruelties, with your full inttntioos to ruiu th« thiM Kiogdgms. All I will say to you 190 The Author's Epistle, Dedicatory, W is no more than what St. Peter said to Simon, the Sorcerer, Repent therefore of this your wickednesiy and pray God, if, perhaps, the Thoughts of your Hearts may he forgiven you. And, if you have not Grace to pray for yourselves (as it may be you have not,) I have the Charity to do it for you, but not Faith enough to trust you. So, I remain, I thank God, not in your Power, and as little at your Service, m. «! ■ r-yV- DENZIL HOLIES. \i it. Me. e Eglide in, Normandy, ite lUh of February, 1648. S.V'^oi' i i4y, in the A cw Style. " wi II f MfiMOI&S r- ■ V ..V *s * ■» MEMORIAL * V OF BENZIL LORD HOLLES. '■ there dearly^ at pre- sent. ^^ M|« Memoin of Dehal Lord Hollit. ¥ if It* t sent, no Parliament, but an Assembly of Men, acted and moved by the art and malice of some few sitting, among them, by the means of an arm^, which those few, those Vipers of the ParHament, that have eaten out the bowels of their parent and destroyed her, raised ( that is, abused the Parliament, making them raise it) under colour of necessity, for the preservation of the Parliament and Kingdom ; when, in truth, it was out of a design to make themselves Masters of both, that neither of them might ever enjoy peace and Liberty more, to blast our hopes, nip all the fair blossoms of Reformation, dash in sunder all our preparations and endeavours for the esta- blishing of a happy Peace ; and so a glorious promising morning became a day of darkness, a day of treading- down and perplexity: this, I say, will be worth the en- quiry, and, perhaps, be no difficult thing to discover, and make so plain, that he who runs may read. 2. Yet, I would not be conceived to attribute so much of wisdom and foresight to these men, as to believe they had laid this whole design, with the several circumstances^ and steps of proceeding from the beginning ; which not the Devil himself, was so politick and foreknowing as to have done. But I am persuaded that they had it in their general aim, and laid it as a foundation for all their super- structures, to do as much mischief as they could, make the disorder as great, the change as universal as possible, and still to improve all opportunities, and occasions, ex re naidt putting-on for more, as they prevailed in any thing, till at last, even beyond what either they could hope, or we could fear, their design was brought to this perfection, as will appear by the sequel of this discourse. S. When, in the beginning of this Parliament, in the year )64S, we had madesome progress, in a Parliamentary way, to the relieving of many of our grievances, and reforming many abuses both in Church and State (for which we were not sufficiently thankful,) it pleased God, (in his just Judgement, for the punishment of our sins,) to send a spi- rit of division between the King and the Parliament ; and things grew to that height, that both of them * appealed to the Sword to plead their cause, and decide their quarrel. But Tht Views vf ^ the Members of Parliament^ who thea engaged, declared themselves • August 16, 1648. acted and ng. among ew, those the bowels is, abused colour of iment and design to ?r of them > blast our n, dash in r the esta- promising F treading- rth the en- o discover, I. ite so much aelieve they rcumstances^ ; which not )wing as to id it in their their super- :ould, make as potsible, asions, ex re n any thing, lid hope, or is perfection, r t, in the year nentaryway, id reforming lich we were (in his just o send a spi- iament } and * appealed to r quarrel. But jcd, declared themselves ► Memoirs of Denzil Lord HolUs. themselves, to desire nothingbut the settlementof the King- dom, in the honour and greatness of the King, and in the happiness and safety of the People. And, whensoever that could be obtained, they were resolved to lay-down the Sword, andsubmit again to the King's Sceptre of Peace,more willingly, than ever they resisted his Force and Power. This,^ I am sure, was the Ultimate end of many, — 1 may say, of the chiefest — of those who at that time appeared : upon which principle they first moved, and from which they never departed ; which made them, at that time, resolve to put their Lives into their hands, and offer them a Sa- crifice to the welfare and happiness of their Prince and Country. I say. Prince as well as Country, though he, perhaps, looked on them as his greatest Enemies. But they considered him as their Prince j whom Nature, Duty, the Command of God, and the Laws of Men, obliged them to reverence, and to love as the Head and Father of the People ; whose greatness consisted in his People's great- ness, and his People's in his ; and, therefore, neither could be great, nor happy, one without the other: which made those faithful-ones put them both in the same ballance^, and rather adventure his displeasure, by promoting the publick cause, thin (as they thought,) his ruin by de- serting it. 4, Whilst these men acted in the simplicity of their hearts, there was another generation of men, which, like frozen Snakes that lay in their Bosoms, seemed to de- sire only the same things with them ; and that the same should have contented them. But it was nothing so: for they had further designs, — to destroy, and cut-off not a few; to make the land an Aceldama; to ruin the King, and as many of the Nobility and Gentry as they could ; alter the Government ; and have no order in the Church, nor power in the State, over them. This was the venom they harbour- ed; which at first they were not warm enough to put-forth : but it soon appeared by some evident symptoms, which discovered it to discerning eyes, though many were very lon-j abused by them. For, as the Devil can transform him- self into an Angel of light ; so they pretended zeal in reli- gion, and to be publick spirits } as if none were so holy and self-denying as they ) and so they insinuated themselves % into i9d mntlerate Party in tlic l'urli..inent, in uiukinir \V ar against t':« Kintr. The Views of the violent Party iu Ihe Farliament. By vrl;at Aits they got iutol\>wer. They protend to I'Tcat /(v.l III l{cligioii and nil iincnitimoii degree of I'aliiotisiw. J 94 . Memoirs of Detizil Lord Ilol/is. $o_ - - ^ ^ into the good opinion of men ; and, being bold and for- ward, got into all employments, engrossed the whole ma- •. ' naging of the war (that isj the directive part of it, not the fighting) whilst others, who meant plainly and honestly, went into their several countries, desirous to see the bu- siness soon St an end ; and, either by shewing the Sword, to have kept it in on both sides, or else, if God had other- wise determined that some blood must be drawn, to ad- venture their own, for speedy stopping the issue of it in the Kingdom. * .5. This was the first step of those unworthy men's get- ting into power. When other gentlemen, of the Houee of Commons, unluckily left it, upon these occasions, they then undertook the business, put themselves and their creatures into all Committees, — persons, most of them,who had, before, been only known by their faces, and esteemed for their silence and modesty. But they soon grew bold and impudent; domineering, not only over the rest of the House, but much more over others abroad ; and, by their pride and insolency, contracting Envy and Hatred to the Parliament. 6. By this means they had power over all the money of the Kingdom, pleasured andrecompensed whom they would j which were none, to be sure, but their creatures, or such as were willing to become so ; and thereby made many prose- lytes, both within doors and without, increasing their Party exceedingly : which made them carry the business of the ^ House as they would themselves; and made it easy to endeavour to them, in all debates concerning applications for Peace, to ot a I'cace by drive US to extremities, demanding unreasonable things, sing "»7«X' laying upon the King the Conditions of Naash, to thrust- ^, and driving out his nght eye tor a reproach ; or, as the Devil did to hinr to extremities, our Saviour, to have him fall-down and worship them, ^P" ' * **' lay his honour at their (eet, his life at their mercy; while they,upon all occasions, revile and reproach him, give coun- . tenance and encouragement to all the bitter, scurrilous, and • May s, i64«. unseemly expressions against him, impeach * the Queen, and give her such usage (both in words and actions) as one W0UI4 liot have done to the meanest handmaid of the King- .' dom; though she was the Wife,the Daughter, and the Sister, of a King, and the Mother of our Prince, who is to sit upon the They dispose of all employments amongst their own creature*. ..jie Kin; p % Memoirs ofDe»zilL)rd IloUis, 19.f id for- )le ma- not the )nestly, the bu- Sword, d other- , to ad- of it in ?n's get- j Houee ns, they [id their em, who steemed bold and t of the by their :d to the noney of y would; r such as ly prose - eir Party ss of the easy to Peace, to things, o thrust- k^il did to ip them> y; while ive coun- ilous,and e Queen, is) as one the King- the Sister, sit upon the i the Throne, if these men hinder him not ; and all this, to make the distance wide, the wound deep ; that there might be no closing, no binding-up, Then was there no- thing but expelling Members out of the House on the least information. If any of those whelps did but bark They treat a!l per- against any one, and could but say he was busy in the ficrJeirels'ai"'s'cJi- country, nothing but sequestring, impeaching of treason, rity. turning men and their families, turning wife and children, out of doors to starve : so many Committees and Sub- Com- mittees of examinations, sequestrations, fifth and twentieth ^ part, &c. made in city and country, and some of the most factious, busy, beggarly, men put-in, as the fittest tools * for such masters to work by, to rake men to the bones, and take all advantages to ruin them. 7. This was a great breaking of heart to a! ^nest They conceive a vio. men, especially to those in the House, who, being present ici^t hatred against and eye-witnesses of the management of affairs, easily a"'^s^ni'y' discovered the drift of these persons, and opposed it all^ they could : which made those blood-suckers conceive a mortal hatred against them, and, in truth, against all Gen- tlemen, as those who had too great an. interest, and too large a stake of their own, in the Kingdom, to engage with them in their design of perpetuating the War to an abso- lute confusion. 8. This made them look with a jealous Eye upon my And are jealous of Lord of Essex, who was General of the Army j finding the Earl ot Essex, him not fit for their turn, as too desirous of Peace, and of maintaining Monarchy. And therefore they resolve to lay him aside, beginning to draw supplies from him. And tlierefore ncg- neither providing recruits, nor furnishing him with money [j"j, meu ^aud ' "" or arms (except sometimes for a pinch, when the neces- ney. sity of their own preservation required it) and clogging him all they could, and countenancing and supporting those, whoever they were, that did oppose him : In the mean time carrying-on the business of the House in a wild madncwss, making ordinances, like i)/'aco'f Laws, written in blood, so that no man could be safe whom they had a mind to destroy ; and their mind was to destroy all they could, by making so many persons desperate, to render things more irreconcile- N. B. In this year 1643, were the proceedings against Mi-. Waller, Tom- kini and Chaloner, the two Hot hams, & Colonel Fiennrs; though all of them stem to have deserved the treatment tbey niet-with. 02 bte IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) <.^.*t-^ 1.0 1.1 1^128 r ^ m |25 1^ 1 2.2 2.0 IL25 i 1.4 I Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WnSTM,N.Y USM (71*) •73-4503 ^ a>^ ,\ <^ ^. V*^' > 6^ 4' ^ s> 196 The Howe of I'Oid* Is inclinGd to Pence in the Suininer 10431 , and prepare a njcs saf;e to the Kinp for that purpose, which they send to the l^louse of Commons. The violent pat ty in the House of Tbin- mons prevent its passing there, hv em- ploying a seditious rabble to over-awe the members. The modertte party piopctetocjtil'inthe ScoU. 1 * Memoirs nf Deiiz' I Lord IIoUU. able and cut-ofF all hopes of Peace; which they wercresolved to put-by upon any terms, per fas ant nefaSt and, if they could not succeed by art and cunning, rather to use force than fail, and, where the Fox*s skin would not reach, to take the Lion's ; in proof of .which, to give one instance for all, I will mention the following transaction. 9. The House of Lords in the Summer, after the be- ginning of our troubles in 1 643, having resolved to de* liver themselves and the Kingdom from, this Egyptian slavery, had prepared a message to the King, with over- tures for an accommodation, and sent it down to the House of Commons on a Saturday ; where the major part seemed to be of the same mind, and, after a long dispute and much opposition, prevailed to take it into considera- tioii, made an entrance into it, agreed to some particulars, and (it growing late,) adjourned the further debate till Monday morning : against which time these Firebrands had set the City in a Flame, as if there were a resolution to betray all to the King ; and thereupon they brought- down a rabble of their party, some thousands, to the House of Commons door, who gave-out threatening speeches, and named among themselves (but so as they might be hear'd) some Members of the House, whom, they said, they looked- upon as enemies, and would pull out of the House i which did so terrify many honest, timorous, men, and gave such boldness to the others, that, contrary to all order, they re- sumed the question that was settled on Saturday for going- on with the business, and at last carried it by some voices to have it laid-aside : which was the highest strain of inso- lency, the greatest violation of the authority and freedom Tthe two essential ingredients) of a Parliament, that before diat time was ever known. Since, 1 confess, the army has far outstripped it. )0. This made some persons cast-about how a stop might be given to such violent proceedings, and to have other counsels admitted, which probably would give some allay to those sharp and implacable Spirits : It appearing to be altogether impossible ever to obtain a Peace, whilst they were rulers, who, PhaetonASks, were able to s^t the whole world on fire. It was therefore proposed that our brethren of Scotland might be called-in, who were known to be a wise people, lovers of order, ... - « firm I < t Memoirs of Denzil Lord Iloliis. 197 i^rm to the Monarchy : who had twice before gone through the misfortune of taking- up arms, and wisely had Lid them down; still contenting themselves with that which was necessary for th?ir security, and avoiding extremities. Their wisdom and moderation, as was pre« sumed, might then have delivered us from that precipice of misery and confusion, into which our charioteers were hurrying us amain. 1 1. But these men would none of it at that time. They But the violent party hoped to be able to carry •on the work by themselves, and prevent it, meant to divide all the spoil : which they would have done, if it had not pleased God to give them that check in the West, when their Army there was beaten through Sir Arthur The defeat of Sir ff . done without them, or their advice and consent. To that purpose a Committee of the two Kingdoms must be ap- pointed for uniting the Counsels, to order and direct the * . prosecution of the war, and for communicating and trans- acting all affairs between the Kingdoms : In packing whereof, and keeping-out some persons whom our Mas- . ters did disaffect, they used such juggling, as never was . • , hear'd The Scot» enter Memoin ofDenzil Lord Hollit, 199 lear'cf, t, unit' themi d pre- them, 3ne, to ital for [uarrels inddis- itodo, he two jrposed , to the lonesty, f much ig in all B after- he way. it Com- fited the ontrary as the ich a re- nd such th King- ants, ill- fa good r mutual strongly >43, and isabused. iiould be To that St be ap- irect the nd trans- packing tur Mas- lever was hear'd that VIC- COW- hearM-of before in Parliament, and as none but such Hocus-pocuses could have the Face to have used. 16. Well, they carried it, and to work they go, bear- ing it very fair to the Scots, till they were got aloft again, and, with their help, they had recovered and cleared the North, and obtained that great Victory at Marston-Moor, The Battle of Mar. in July 1644, which without them ^^ey would never have \^^^^ '^°°^' '"•^"^J'» done . And, however Lieutenant- General Cromwell had the impudence and boldness to assume much of the honour of that victory to himself, or rather, HerodWke, to suffer others to magnify him and adore him for it ( for I can scarce " , believe that he should be so impudent as to give it out - * himself, so conscious as he must be of his own base cow- ^' : ardliness) those who did the principal service that day were . Major-General Lesley, who commanded the Scots Horse, The three principal Major-General Cratv/ord, who was Major-General to the oJJ'["^3^®"* ^^° Earl of Manchester's Brigade, and Sir Thomas Fairfax, tory. who, under his Father, commanded the Northern Bri- gade. But my friend Cromwell had neither part nor Cromweiri lot in the business : For I have several times heard it *'"<*'<^«« from Crawford's own mouth (and I think I shall not be " mistaken, if I say that Cromwell himself has heard it from him ; for he once said it aloud in Westminster-Hal/, when Cromwell passed by him, with a design he might hear him) that, when the whole Army at Marston-Moor was in a fair possibility to be utterly routed, and a great part of it was running, he saw the Body of Horse of that Brigade standing-still, and, to his seeming, doubtful which * way to charge, backward or forward, when he came-up to them in great pasdion, reviling them with the name of Poltroons and Cowards, and asked them if they would 8tand-still and see the day lost ? Whereupon Cromwell shewed himself, and, in a pitiful voice, said, Major-General, .what shall I do ? he (begging pardon for what he had said, not knowing he was there, towards whom^ he knew his dis* tance, as to his Superiour Officer) told him, ** Sir, if you charge not, all is lost j" Cromwc// answered, ** that he was wounded, and was not able to charge" (his great wound bang a little burn in the neck by the accidental going-off, behind himi of one of his Soldiers pistols), then Crawford 4 desired 200 Memoirs ofDcnzil Lord Hollk, ; ill desired him to go off the field, and sending one away with him (who very readily followed wholesome advice) led them on himself } which was not the duty of his place, and as little for CromweWs honour, as it proved to be much for the advancement of his and his Party's perni- cioua designs. This I have but by relation: yet I (easily believe it upon the credit of the reporter, who was a man of honour, that was not ashamed nor afraid to publish it in all places. Besides, I have heard a parallel Story of his valour from another person ( Colonel Dalbier, ) not inferiour, either in quality or reputation, to Major-Ge- neral Crawford, who told me, that, when Basing-House '. was stormed, CromWelly instead of leading-on his Men, * stood at a great distance off, out of gmi'shot, behind a 7 hedge. And something I can deliver of him upon my own knowledge, which makes passage for the easier belief of r : both these relations, and assures me that that Man is as errant a Coward, as he is notoriously perfidious, ambi- tious, and hypocritical. Thb was his base keeping out of the Field at X^8i»/ow Battle i where he, with his troop ' ' of horse, came not in ; impudently and ridiculously affirm* ing, the day after, that he had been all that day seeking J the Army and place of fight, though his Quarters were but at a Village near hand, whence he could not find his ixzy, nor be directed by his ear, though the ordnance yniu*^ heard, (as I have been credibly informed,) 20 or 30 miles oflf; so that certainly he is far from being the Man ' "> he is taken-for. ' • 17. That day's work at Marston-Moor turned the scales, and raised again the fortune of the Parliament* which till that day had very much declined : And these Men ( who all this while stalked under the ^ides of the Parliament, and did but pretend the business of Reforma- '. . tidn, and the People's Liberties, thereby to break the power of the King first, that afterwards they might, either After the Nictoty of by artifice or force, lay as low the Authority of Parlia- KhrttonMoor, the mgnt, unless it would betray its trust, and yield to be in- violtntiiarty discover ^ i ^ .u v j»i r ' i • . • ' . • thcif ^ci%m luoro strumental to them) did, alter this, begm to put-out their ojicniy. horns, appear in their colours, and, as they warmed more and more, to spit-out their venom against Monarchy, . ' against Memoirs o/Denzil Lord UoUit. 201 e away idvice) s place, to be pemi- \ easily a-man iblish it itory of r,) not jor-Ge- r-House is Men, ehind a my own jelief of an is as , ambi- >ing out is troop / affirm- seeking ers were not find trdnance !0 or 30 he Man ned the liamenty nd these s of the Leforma- reak the it, either f ParUa. to be in- out their led more onarchy, against against Nobility and Gentry, against that Reformation with which they had formerly held-forth to the Scots, against the very Covenant, their Vows and Declarations, ' wherewith they had abused God and the World. 18. Then did Cromfcc// declare himself to the Lord Cromweirs dedara* of Manchester, and indeed revealed the whole design. ^J°»^J° Lord Man- First, his rancour against the Scots, as that he would as soon draw his sword against them as against apy of the King's party. Then his hatred of the Nobility and His aversion to the House of Peers, wishing there was never a Lord in Eng- House of Lords. land, and saying, he loved such and such persons because they loved not Lords, and that it would not be well till he was but plsun Mr. Montague. Thirdly, his intentions to hinder Peace, and that therefore he desired none to be of ^ ^ that Army,but such aswere of the Independent judgement, . v to interpose, if a Peace were like to be made which agreed not with their hutnours. All this remains upon record in both Houses, being the Earl of Manchester's charge ^ against him. And let any one judge if this be not the very Plot which was then laid, and since practised. Has ftot every particular been attempted by them ? have they not fully compleated that which was chiefly aimed-at } ^ As that which will, and niust certainly (if not prevented) \ bring-on all the rest, the hindering of Peace, that no ease nor quietness might be restored to the Kingdom. For, when the Parliament was ready to disband the only Army in May, i64$. then left, and so to free the subject from all payments and taxes, that every one might return to his vocation, and all differences between King and Parliament might be ended aind reconciled in a parliamentary way; then did the Cadmean Brood turn their swords against their fellow- , subjects, and their Masters the Parliament, which by open force they assault, and compel them to make void and to ^ unvote what they had voted concerning their disbanding, and to put-by all thoughts of peace, and throw-back the Kingdom, (which was entering into the desired Haven of v Peace and Happiness, ) into the deep Seas of Storms and Misery and Confusion, where I beseech God it perish not! But of all this anon. 19. Things were not yet ripe \ tho' the Serpent's Eggs ^ were S02 Memoirs ofDeiizil Lwd ttollia. The Earl of Man. Chester's charge against Cromwell* is dropped by mean^of his interest with the violent party. The Scots find them- selves slighted by the violent party, and perceive that thev Iiave been imposed' upon by them* And therefore join doselywith the mo* derate party* were jaid by him in the Earl of Manchester's bosom, it was not time to hatch the Cockatrice. Therefore, when It was by the Earl made known to the Houses, their party in the House of Commons did (more solito) with all the violence and injustice in the world, smotherand suppress it, complaining that the Lords had infringed their privileges, in desiring that it might be examined by a Committee of both Houses, saying. The Lords ought not to meddle in it, because it concerned a Commoner ; whereas nothing was more ordinary throughout the whole proceeding of this^Parliament in all their inquisitions. Yet by that means this was then stifled, the breach of privilege was re- ferred to a Committee of the House of Commons, and there the business died. 20. After this the Scots saw how they were cheated, and it came to be, though not an open breach, yet a great coldness between them^ a withdrawing of confidence, of familiarity, of counsels. And the Scots then found that the other party had been misrepresented, being the men who, in truth, did agree with them in principles and in design : Which was only to reform, not to alter ; to regu- late, and so to save; not to destroy. That they still carried about with them the sense of their Allegiance and duty to the person of the King, whom they did desire to see re-instated in his Throne and Kingly Government, with such a power and in such a way, as might be good both to him and the people ; that thereby confusion, misery, and that disorder which the Poet describes to have been in the first Chaos, and which we now see (not in a fiction, but really feel and smart under) might be avoided. 21. By little and little the Scots and these latter came to a better understanding ; at last they discovered the horrid practices and the whole design of the others, who, in the mean time, drove it on, JeAu'like, violently bearing- down, and destroying all that opposed them ; for some opposition they found. They saw there was a strong party in the House against them, between whom and the soldiers who had been under the command of my Lord Essex, there was a good correspondency ; and these two, ta> gether with the Scots, were as a threefold cord, not to be brgken %r , Memoirs ofDenzil Lord H$Uit', 209 bosom, It 'ore, when heir party ith all the ippress it, jrivileges, imittee of neddle in s nothing eeding' of t by that TC was re- lons, and cheated, >t a great dence, of )und that the men ;s and in to regu- 11 carried d duty to re to see ent, with d both to sery, and e been in a fiction. Iter came ^ered the ers, who, bearing, for some >ng party e soldiers d Essex, two, to^ not to be broken the Eai\of Esicx, % broken by them : therefore they resolved to untwist it, - and so destroy them one after another. *22. The Earl of Essex must be attacked the first ; wht>. The violent party they found, would not bow, and therefore must be made to ertdeavour to ruia break. For many applications had been made to him, to see if he would stoop to their Lure; great ofFers,large promises, all the glory of the Kingdom should be hisj if he would but worship them, or be (as they termed it) true to the Godly Party: but he was true to his principles. Therefore they do what they can to niake him odious ; neglecting to pay his Army, to make it a burden to the country, and infamous ; and depriving him of the means of acting by withholding his supplies and provisions, so to cause him to be looked-upon as a drone, or worse; or putting him upon such actions as should break him, so to make him come-off with dis- honour. ' 2S. As, when he was about Oxford, in the Summer The orders Riren (o 1644. he on one side of the River, and Sir William Wal- Jj?4; arc cakS ler with his Brigade on the other ; the King, having then to that purpose, but a small force within the town, and either not provided for a Siege, or not willing to be shut-in with a light , " , body of horse, and, I think, some mounted men, held them play and distracted them, being sometimes on the one .' . , side, sometimes on the other: which was easy for hitn to do, going- through the town, as he saw occasion^ by the conveniency of the Gates : It being then known that he waited but his opportunity and advantage to slip-by, or break* through, our Grand Masters ordered my Lord of Essex^ with a heavy body of an Army and a grcr^r, train of Artillery, to attend his Majesty's motion, and bir * ' . .T ffilUam IValler to go into the West, which they conceived would be an easy task at that time to reduce the King's Party, brought low, and so not able to send any forces into those parts for their relief and encouragement. ' 24. This, they knew, would absolutely break my Lord of EsseXy who must harrass his Army to follow a light and moving Body, and, if the King, (which was probable >. enough,) should chance to give him the slip, and get fi'om ^ v -, ^ him into the West, then was he ruined in his reputation^ and liable to a question, and, perhaps, to a further prosecution. It 20* Memoirs of Denzil Lord liollii* m V if ''W ii i ■If!" A juitificatioBT of It happened that his Majesty did get by them, and passed hlT mrcb to ^ the ^y Sir William fValler*s quarters on the other side } who. West, in the Sum* as soon as he knew it, marched after him, and gave notice mer 1044. jq ^jy Lord of £ls«ea; thereof ; so as before he knew any thing. Sir fi^lliam Waller was got a day's march before after the King. Then was it impossible for him to over* take them; and, being so much nearer the West, Sir William JValler engaged in the other Service, he, upon the advice of his Council of War, resolved to bend that ' ' ^^Ji yet not to make'such speed, but that, if he should ., receive other orders from our Governours above, he might .comply with them. Accordingly he gave that Account \ to the Parliament and Committee of the two Kingdoms, with his desire of their Directions. They were so mad to see themselvesdefeatedof their Plot, that they would not, for -. \ . manydays,returnhimanyansweratallihisdisobediencewa^ blown-up, and trumpeted^about by them and their Agents : Some of whom did not stick to say, *' It wercbetter that my ' Lord of Essex and his whole Army were lost and ruined,than \ v^ that the Parliament should not be obeyed; and that, by their V consents, neither he nor his Army should be looked- after, or cared- for, more: " A Maxim they have forgotten now in thecaseof Sir Xi&omajFaiT/^A: and his Army's, — not dis- obedience, — but open rebellion. But they were as good as ' ^ .' . their words then, and did, most maliciously, wilfully, and ' treacherQusIy (as to the Parliament's cause, which they seemed to be zealous in) suffer General and Army to be .V lost, and the whole West left further out of the Parlia- " -^ ' ment's reach than it was before- Hasierig i declared 25. SltJ^thurHasUrtg posted-up to London, breathing- malice against him. out nothing but ruin and destruction to the Earl ot Essex, and spoke it out in the hearing of several persons, ** That he would ruin him, or be ruined himselt." His malice and violence was so great at the Committee of the two King- . V doms^ (where he and his party were prevalent,) that a ' report was thence brought-down to the House of Com- The violent party are mons, by which Sir ff'iTUam fValler was taken-oHF from 2:Jr^.".°u;?W»';: f^r'^ the Kmg, and by that meaos the King was left at liberty to bend his whole force tor the West after ihy Lord of Essex \ which he presently did. At last they left 8iy Lord of Essex at liberty to proceed in that Western v' r Expedition, Memoirs ^Denzil Lord IloUii, i05 and passed side; who^ cave notice knew any rch before m to over- West, Sir ) he, upon bend tiiat he should 't he might t Account kingdoms, mad to see Id not, for diencewa^ ir Agents : er that my iined>than It, by their >ked- after, ten now in — not dis- as good as [fully, and hich they rmy to b& iie Parlia- breathing- i ot Essex, IS, «• That nalice and two King- t,) that a of Com- i'oS from g was left after ihy t they left "Western xpeditiop. Expedition, but with a resolution to let him perish. He takes-in ff'ei/ mouth, and some other towns, goes*on as far as Cormunlly whirhcr the King's forces follow him at the heels, cut-oflf all provisions from him, prers upon him exceedingly, and put him to very great straights. ( le on- gaged in a country, enclosed with deep ditches and strong fences, that he could neither break through, nor marcn away j but sends letter upon letter, messenger upon mes- senger, to the Parliament, representing his condition and how easy it was, (with a small force, sent upon the buck of the King's army, if but dnly a good party of horse,) to stop their provisions, and turn the tables, straighten them, and free him ; than which certainly nothing had been more easy, ajid would have saved the Kingdom a mass of trea- sure, and thousands of good men's Fives, which the con- tinuance of the war after that time did cost. 26. But our Masters did not desire then to see the war at an end ; they had not the sword in those hands in which they wished to have it for to break the King's forces i well knowing that they must then have had a Peace, and such a Peace as would have carried with it an establishment of the King's government, and a keeping*iip the Nobility and Gentry i all things must have returned into their pro- per channel, and ( the security of the Parliament and King- dom being provided'for) the Law of the Land must have taken place, their arbitrary empire have been at an end, and their destgn wholly defeated. 27. Therefore, my Lord oi Essex must not be relieved» but sacrificed to their ambition } the King's army must be yet preserved, to give them a colour to new-model theirs^ and put the power into the base hands of their creatures, which should keep the Kingdom in a perpetual bondage. And, though they ended the war with the King, yet they never made Peace, but continued to grind the ftitces, and break the backs, of the people with taxes and free-quarter, to maintain an army, when no enemy was left ; in a word« they govern by the sword, the height of all misery and slavery that any land can undergo. 28. My Lord of Essex and his army werei by this means, broken in Cornwall^ in the latter end of that Sum- and the King seemed to gain a great advantage, and recover mer. 206 SI! if ' ll The violent party omit an oppottunity of subduing the Kind's army, and putting^n end to the ^•ar, loon after the ■ecood battle .of Newbury. ■ ^ Memoirs of Denzil Lord Hollis. recover a great deal of strength. But, to nip that, they soon provided force sufEcient ; it suiting with their ends, that his Majesty should seem strong, but not be so. There, fore, the soldiers of that army, which had lost their arms in Cornwall, are presently armed again, and two other armies joined to them, the Earl of Manchester's and Sir fF. Waller's, who gave the King's forces a ruffle at Den. nington,- gaining some of the works. Yet, when the King came with the remainder of his strength, they did not think it convenient to put it to the trial of a day, but suffered him to march-away, when it had been a most easy thing to have prevented it : and, even there, in all likelihood, to have made an end of the business : which was that they feared. And ^\t Arthur Haslerig could come- up to Lon. don, and into the House of Commons, all in beaten buff, cross-girt with sword and pistols, as if he had been killing his thousands ; when, it is more probable, if there was any danger, that he had been crying under a hedge, as he did at Cherrington Fight, bellowing-out, Ah, woe is me, all is lost I we are all undone ! insomuch, that a great officer, a Scotchman, finding him in that tune, wished him to go off the field, and not stand gudding thgre (a Scotch term for crying ) to dishearten the sol- diers. But, in the House of Commons, he feared no. thing; none so fierce and valiant, without fear or wit ; and there,like a great soldier,in that habit, he gave a relation of what had passed, highly extolling the gallantry and con- duct of all the Commanders, and the valour of the Sol- diers; saying, that no mortal men could do more, — that the best soldiers in the world could nothave hindered the King's marching-off; and that it had been no wisdom to have ad. ventured to fight ; for that the King would be King still, and would soon have had another army, though they had gotten the better ; but, if he had beaten them, they had been utterly lost. This served the turn for that time, to cast a mist before the people's eyes, and stop their mouths. Yet, within very few weeks after, this worthy Knight forgot all he had said : for it is, by Cromwell, laid as a crime to the Earl of Manchester's charge (whom they then meant to lay-aside) that he was the cause they fought not with the King, and Sir Arthur is a principal witness to Memoirs ofDenzH Lord Hoi lis. 20? they soon mds, that . There, their arms two other r*5 and Sir le at Den- n the King d not think lit suffered easy thing Lelihoodjto 5 that they up to Lon- jeaten buff, been killing f there was a hedge, as Ahi woe is Luch, that a that tune, id gudding m the sol- I feared na- or wit J and e a relation try and con- of the t>ol- e, — that the :d the King's 1 to have ad- le King still, gh they had n, they had hat time, to heir mouths, rthy Knight elly laid as a (whom they they fought cipal witness to .f . to make it good. But^ on the other side, the Earl of Manchester returns the Bill, charging CromweUj that it WM his not obeying orders, who being commanded, as Lieu- tenant-general of the horse, to be ready at such a placCi at such an hour, early in the morning, came not till the afternoon, and, by many particulars,' makes it clear to have been only his f^ult. 29. And, to say the truth, they could not else have carried-on their design of new-modeliing their army, (of which then there had been no need,) and preventing a Peaoe, which they feared might else have followed. Por, if the King had been too sore pressed at that time, it was, in their apprehensions, probable that h^ might have laid hold upon the Propositions for Peace ; Which were then . ready, and were sent to him to Oxford immediately after. 30. Therefore, now they s^t upon their great work, The violent party projected long before, and which Cromiuell had broken P''*jl*?J, ^'if ""**" to ray Lord oi Manchester, in the time of his greatness •n«^«""« '^e •miy. with him, when he thought him to be one of their own* i ' That was to have an army composed of those of the Inde- pendent Judgement, to interpose, if there were likely to be a Peace. Only their presumption and impudence was swelled to be so much higher, that now, they would have ' no other army but of theni. Because they saw the dan- ger was over ; there being no enemy to take the iield , against "them, but such an one as they had willingly set- up, and given time and means to get-together: so that there would be no great need of fighting, that part hav* ing been acted by others. ¥or they were never good at It, but excellent to assume the praise, and reap the benefit, , when others had done the work. 31. Therefore, the whole force of the Kingdom must Th« deiian of the be theirs, in the hands of their Creatures ; all the Noble- "'^ '"**'•'• men and Gentlemen, who had engaged in the beginning, '^ and born the heat of the day, must be laid-by ;— all thos6 gallant officers, who had done the Parliament the best ser- vice; — indeed all, must be cashiered : the Earl of Essex, the Earl of Manchester, Sir Philip Stapleton, Sir William Waller, and the rest, must be reduced, and cast-by as old Almanacks; who,in truth, were not fitted to their meridian. S2. For , • • ■' 208 Memoirs o/Denzii Lwd IJoIUs, The Self denying Oidinance> ' 3 VI * I i .12. For this feat, the juggle of a self-denying Ordi- nance is found-out ; 'vhereby it is ordained, that no Mem- ber of either Hou*^'": -iiall bear any Office, Martial, or Civil ; which strikes them all out of employment, and Cromwell too j but, for him, they will soon find a start- ing-hole. S3. Then, there must be one body of an army com- posed of so many thousand hoi*se and foot out of the seve- ral armies; which were to be reduced (as I remember) to «ome twenty, or twenty-one, thousand men: which number they have since doubled or trebled, for the ease of the King- dom. The officers were to be named by the House, and a Committee appointed, under the specious name, of a Com" mittee of Heformation, for this Work, by which they tear in sunder all their forces ; discontent all their best officers .and soldiers ; utterly disjoint the whole frame of the mar- tial part of their affairs, and, I dare say, put the King's party in greater hopes of being able to make it good by the Sword, and less to apprehend the consequence of not making a Peace at that time, than the gaining of a battle would have done : nor, in truth, could it have any other operation with rational men. 84; So to work they go, and find difficulties enough. The soldiers bore an affection to their old officers, which made them unwilUrg to be reduced : money there was not to give any reasonable satisfaction out of their arrears, to those who were to be casliiered : but a fortnight's pay was ordered, where many months were owing. Yet, such was the obedience of those officers ^gallant men, old sol- diers most of them) to the authority of Parliament (so un- like to the late rebellious carriage and insolency of our new-model, as shall be hereafter shewed ) that they sub- mit to it, are content to sit-down themselves, and Cwhich is more) use their interest to persuade the soldiers to a conformity. Some of the horse, who had served under my Lord of Essex, were a little stiff, and made some shew of standing-out in Hertfordshire; which our violent, bloody, new-modellers would have made advantage of presently, to have fallen on them, and put them to the sword. But the Parliament followed more moderate counsels, endea- vouring to gain them through fiair means, by sending down ■4 • Memoin ofDenzil Lord "RMU* 209 ymg Ordi- t no Mem- Vf artial, or ment, and ind a start- army com- of the seve- nember) to ich number jftheKing- [ouse, and a I, of a Com" ;h they tear best officers ofthemai:- : the King's it good by lence of not r of a battle e any other ies enough, cers, which jy there was heir arrears, tnight's pay ;. Yet, such en, old sol- nent (so un- ency of our lat they sub- and (which soldiers to a ed under my ome shew of lent, bloody, )f presently, iword. , But isels, endea- by sending dowa An instance of the cruelty of Oliver Si. John. down some of their old officers to dispose them to a sub- mission, which employment the^ dd^felined not, but went and prevailed ; to which my Lord of Essex, himself, con- The morieratlon tributed very much ; — an example, that this present young the Earl of Esiex. General, Sir Thomas Fab fax, would not follow, when his army was to be disbanded. 35, Yet such was the wickedtiess and desperate mad- ness of those men, who thirsted after nothing but blood, mischief, and confusion, that at the very same time when the Parliament v;as going a gentle way, Mr. St John, the King's Sollicitor ( one, who, I think, has as much of the blood of this Kingdom to answer for, and has dipped as deep, in all cunniLg, pernicious Counsels, as any one man alive) wrote a letter, under-hand, to the Committee of Hertfordihire (which is yet extant), that they should raise the country, and fall upon these men, to put all into blood, contrary to the desire and endeavour of the Parliament. A villainy never to be forgotten, nor forgiven, in'^ny man, much less in a Man of Law, who should better know what price the Law sets upon the Life of every Subject, much more of many together, and of a whole county, which, if he had been obeyed, had run a great hazard. S6. But I wonder not at this, or any other such passage, from him, who could have the face to say in his argument against my Lord of Strafford^ ** That sotne persons were not to have Law given them, but to be knocked on the head, no matter how ;" though he knows it, or should know it, to be against the Laws both of God and Man, ** that any should be put to death before a legal convic- tion,** however he may have practised the contrary since the beginning of these unhappy troubles : his composition being, it seems, like that monster Emperor's, Lutum Sari- gulne maceratum. And to less than an Emp Tor I would not parallel him, whose vast thoughts have carried him above King and Parliament, to frame, new-mould, alter, and destroy, as he thinks good. This mixture, in his na- ture, makes his acting so fierce and cruel. I appeal to all who have seen and observed him this whole Parliament, if, on all occasions, his opinion did not always conclude in stveriorem partem ; if he ever stopped, where there was any way to it, before he came to blood, or to the dcstruc- tbn of estate and fortune : but let him pass, » 87. To 8JO Mmwin of Denzil Lord Hollu» in Chief. 1644-6 Feb. 19^ ;fr. ii I'j ^Y* To return to our buan^ : those soldiers were, by these means penuadtd* and the new army framed. Co- lonels and other new officers appointed, and for a Com- SirThomM Fairfax mander in Chief, Sir Thomas i'V/;r/aj[; is found-out ; one, made Commander as Sir Arihw Haskrig said, as if he had been hewed out of the block for them, fit for their turns, to do whatever they will have him^ without considering, or being able to judge, whether honourable or honest. In the passing his Commission they made the first plain discovery of their intentions concerning the person of the King : for, with a great deal of violence and earnestness, they pressed it, and carried it that thewordsconceming/Ae care of the preserva- tion of his person should be left-out, and that this army should go-cut in the name df the Parliament alone, and not of the King and Parliament ; as it was before under my Lord of Essex, who otherwise would not have meddled with it. But this General made no bones, took it, and hanked them, resolved (as it seems) to do whatsover those, his Masters, should bid him : for, I am sure, he has, at their command, led his army since agsunst the Parliament, which he seemed to adore above all things upon earth. 88. The next work was, how again toeet-in my friend Cromwell. For he was to have the power^ Sir Thomas Fait' fax only the name, of General ; he to be the figure, the other the cypher. This was so gross and diametrically against the letter of the Self-denymg Ordinance, that it put them to some trouble how to bring it about. For this, CromwelCt soldiers, forsooth, must mutiny, and say they will have their Cromwell^ ox they will not stir. Hereupon he must be sent-down ; no word then of cutting, or hew- ing, or of forcing them to a submission, as in the case of the Earl of Essex* s9o\^tn\ but they must have their wills. Yet for these very men had Cromwe// undertaken before, when, upon debate, (the inconveniency beingobiected,which might follow by discontenting the common soldiers, who would hardly be drawn to leave their old officers, and go under new )) he could say, ** that his soldiers had learned to obey the Parliament; to go, or stay \ fight, or lay-by the sword; upon their command}*' wmch declaration, IKnow, pre- vailed with a great many Members, to give their vote for that Ordinance. ; . .• 89. By By what artifices Cromwell continued iu the army. Memoir* •fDenzil Lord H^lttt A.- fill ere, by d, Co- i Com- t; one, vtd out hatever able to sing his [)f their ■, with a I it, and reservO' is army and not nder my meddled it, and hatsover sure, he linst the II things ny friend \as Pair' figure, letncalty e, that it For this, say they lereupon , or hew- ase of the irills. Yet re, when, ich might 10 would So under to obey le sword; ow, pre- vote for 99. By ^9. By this trick a little beginning was made towards the breach of this Ordinance; which was soon made greater. For they caused a report to be spread. That the King was / bending with his forces towards the Isle of Ely : but none, it was said, could save us but Cromwell ; who must, there^ fore, be sent in all haste for that service; and an order of dispensation is accordingly made for a very few months, two or three(I remember not well, whether) but with such protestations of that party, that this was only for that exi« . gency, and that, for the world, they would not have the Or- dinance impeached, as Mr SoUicitor said ; and that, if no body would move for the calling him home, at the expi- ration of that time, he would. But all this was to gull the House. Mr. SoUicitor had forgot his protestations auid« before that time was out, there is another order for more months : and so the orders were renewed from time to \ time, that at last this great commander is rivetted in the army, and so hat rivetted^ that, after all his Orders of con* tinuance were at an end, he would keep his command still ; .- which he has done for several moiiths, and does yet, not- «> wittistanding that Ordinance, without any Order at all of the House ror it. 40. There, now they have the sword where they would have it; and they resolve, with it,tocut all knots they cannot untie. Yet they desired to keep that resoludon benindthe curtain as long as they could, and would be thought very obedient to the Parliament, hoping they should be always able to have things carried there according to their mind ; and, partly by the awe of their power, partly by hopes of reward and advantage, still to have the major vote: Which was easy for them, as they had both sword and purse, and withal an impudence and boldness to reward all those who would sell their consciences. For all such Members of The viotent l^rty the House,and others, were sure to be preferred, have large bwtowali pUc«s ani gifts given them out of the Commonwealth's money, ar- the!r"'fi^ndK*''*^Nd rears paid, offices conferred npon them, and to be counte- eupraHalioibeis bj nancedandprotectedagainstallcomplainuandprosecudons, "»kindiol ta&tm* though they should have done never so unworthy, unjust, horrid, actions, to the oppression «f the Subject, and dis- honour ot the Parliament. All others werediscountenanced, opposed, had inquisitions set upon them, were questioned, and imprisoned upon the least occasion, upon pretences, or p 2 colours S12 Memoirs of Demil Lord HoU'is. '■ii ' ' v; m %i Accusations* I I colours of crimes, many times for doing real good service ; and no favour nor justice for them : only that the world might sec which was the way to rise, and which, to be sure to meet with contrary winds and storms, and so to make all men, at least, to hold candles to these visible Saints^ 41. But a party in the House still troubled them, which saw their jugglings, their under-hand dealings, suspected " their designs, found what they drove-at, and counter-mined them, opposed them, sometimes crost and defeated their -r, practices, always vexed them, and did, in a great mca- ' sure, divert and keep-off evil, though the stream was so strong that they could not attain and effect the good they ^ ^ desired. . 42. This knot must be broken, and some of the persons . removed, who are represented to the Kingdom, by these men and their agents, as those who were rotten at heaiP, not faithful to the Parliament, holding correspondence and ' intelligence with the King. This was upon Generals, only Fartlculariy by false to prepare mens* minds to make passage for an approba- tion of any attempts to their prejudice, and give credit to such lies and false accusations as they should be able to set on foot : and all means are used to procure witnesses to ■ testify any thing against them. Prisoners are examined and • '' encouraged to say something ; any scandalous, desperate, rogues are received and heatlcened-to; spies are set to watch them, their goings-out and comings- in ; what places they went to, what persons they visited, or who visited them. Some of their agents confessed tjiev J^ave been two years together watching about some of our houses : yet it pleased God to protect the innocent ; and, notwithstanding all these endeavours, it was never in theirpowwto do any great mischief in this base, unworthy, way. 48. They came nearest to their mark, when they had gotten the Lord Savil, (a known, infamous, impostor,) to accuse me of keeping a correspondence with my Lord Dighy (of which, he said, he had notice given him by a letter in cypher from the Dutchess of Buckingham,) and for what I did and said at Oxford, when I was, amongst others, sent thither to present Propositions to the King, where they had a fit instrument to act for them, and say , and swear any thing they would have him, who was at that very time employed by some of their principal ones. July iff, id4S« Memoirs of Denxii, Lord Hollit. 2 Id itica- to truck and drive a Treaty, underhand, with some great persons at Oxford. For thechief amoiw' them had always the grace to try more ways than one to the wood, and commonly not to row the way they looked, willing enough to have made a good bargain for themselves at Court, and then have left their whelps, their zealots, to have mended themselves as they could, perhaps, not despairing but to have persuaded them it was for their good, and the ad* vancement of their Catholick Cause, so to have quieted them, and some little thing should have been done for their satisfaction. I did, with my own eyes, see letters, — and so did several persons, Members of both Houses, some yet alive, some dead, — ^written by Savil to divers people at Oxford, one to L. D. some to others, with only one letter for their names, where intelligence was given of the proceedings and intentions of the Parliament and their Army ; many Propositions made in the name of that party and their undertakings, and in the close, my Lord Savii to be Lord Treasurer, Mr. Sollicitor to be Lord Keep- er, and others of their Faction to have several offices of honour and trust. These letters were seen likewise by my Lord Willoughby and Mr. Whitlock, who are yet alive, and can testify it, and by the Earl of Essex^ Sir Philip Stapleton, and Sir Christopher liray^ who are dead. Some of them were written by Savifs own hand ; some copied-out by a person of honour, who was employ- ed by hiin, and is yet alive to make it good : and when they played this game themselves, and pretended, for- sooth, a design upon Oxford^ and to have the King's army, in the West, delivered to them (which was all but collu- sion and deceit, to abuse the world, and colour their cor- respondencies, ) then did they make Savil play the villain and accuse me, whom they prosecuted with that height of malice and violence, with so much injustice and partiality, especially that man- of- law, Mr. Sollicitor, who, though Mr. Whitlock had not only consented to, but joined in, and advised all that I had done at Oxford, and that Savil himsell had laid it equally upon us both in his information (it seems either not so wicked as his setters-on, or not fully instructed by them,) yet such was the justice of that man, that he would needs sever our cases, and was not ashamed The heads of the violent party treated underhand with the King's party for their private advantage. Lord Savil's ncciisa- tioii oC llollis and VVhidocii. N.B. 1 his matter is fully related inW hit- lock's Memorials, p, 148, &c. - 'i UP5 P 3 not 214 i' The violent party prorure a resolution to 6II'up the vacant Srata in th% Hoiixe of Commons. Sept. 1645. i I ri < Their artifirca to in- HueiJcetUeelecMotJs. ' !« Ill '1 it Mtmoin of Dentil Lord Hollis, not only so to declare his judgement, but preyed it and . SoUicited it, that the proceedings might be singly against me : wherebv the eyes of many indifferent persons. Mem- bers of the House, were opened, and their spirits raised to an indignation ; insomuch, that, in spight of the Solli* citor and his party, I was acquitted by the House. 44. This made them bethink themselves, begin to mis- trust the House, and doubt if they should be able to carry things as formerly : and, thereupon, resolve on a course j which some amongst them had formerly still opposed or declined, as Mr. Siollicitor, by name ; which was to have the vacant places, of tnosethey had thrust-out, filled-up by new elections, issuing- out writs for it under their new Great Seal This, they hoped, would alter the Constitution of the House and give them infallibly a majority of votes. Accordingly, in the long Summer-vacation oi the year 1645, when very many of the Members were gone into their several countries, they fall-upon that point of re- cruitine the House; and, notwithstanding the thinness thereof, and its bdng surprised with that debate, their creatures, most of them, there (as they were always sure of some fifty voices,-— persons, whose only employment was there to drudge and carry-on their A'* asters work, having thereby a greatness £ir above the sphere they had formerly moved in ; whereas, the others were gentlemen, who had estates which reauired their looking-after, and all of them had some vocations, either for their particular businiess or pleasure, which made them less diligent.) and many ot the Oth^r Members, as at other times, so then, were away ; yet, they carried it but by three voices. 4 5 Then to work they ^o to canvass for Elections, in all places, for the bringing- m of such as should be wnoUy theirs. First, they did all they could to stop Writs from going any whither but where they were sure to have fit men chosen for their turnip, and many an unjust thing was cone by them in that kind : Sometimes denying writs, sometimes delaying till they had prepared all things, and maUe it, as they thought, cock-sure : Many times. Com- mittee-men in the country, such as were their creatures, appearing gtossly, and bandying to carry Elections for them I sometimes they did it openly, by the power of iht anny. Mtmoin of Dentil Lord ffollk. Sl« army. army, causing soldiers to be sent and quartered in the . - «. towns where Elections were to be, awing and terrifying, '' ' sometimes abusing, and ofiTering violence to the Electors. ^ And, when these undue Elections were compiained-of, and questioned at the Committee of Priviledges, there appear- ed such palpable partiality, so much injustice, such delays and tricks to vex parties grieved and thdr witnesses, such countenancing and ^ef^ding those who had done the wrong, as it disheartened every-body, and made many even sit-down and give-over prosecution. 46. Notwithstandmg all this, and that, by this means,some Nevertheless, thenew perons, unduly chosen, were brought-in,yet it appearedln Memi)ers, after some the end, that for the greater part of those new Members behaviour* of both deceived the expectation of these men. For, though they parties, join with the came into the House with as much prejudice as was pos- ^o***™^* v^^^y- sible against the other moderate party, who had always ^.. , been represented to them as persons ill-affected, not faith- ful to the Parliament, obstructing all businesses that were for the good of the Kingdom, having self-ends, and ambi- tiousdesigns of their own ; yet, when they came to sit in the House themselves, and to see with their own eyes the car- riage of things,understand the ways and drift both of the one ^ and the other party, discern the tricks and violent proceed- ings of the one, and the plainness and reality of the other; ■". that all that these aimed-at was,but to geta good Peace, see ^ the Government settled both in Church and State, and to make no advantages to themselves, to have no share, and to .< ' desire none,of the monies,and to lookafter no offices nor pre- ferments ; in a word, hot to seek themselves, but the pub- lick ; and that those on the other ade hinder and oppose the settling of the Government, and keep things in a dis- traction and confudon, not willing to put-up the sword, but to continue the burdens and pressures of the country, countenance the insolence of soldiers, bear them out in . their abusing of Ministers, and other honest Men, who were for Church-government, keep-up factions, and drive- on interests in the House, put theins(-lves, their kindred, and friends, into all places ot power and profit, share and divide among them the Commonwealth's money, by ^ gifts and rewards, and paying pretended arrears j in a , - , ■ word^v seek the ruin of the Kingdom, and the advance- i V- P 4 ment 2]« Memoin ofDcmil Lord Uolliu. « Ml 5 ill p > The violent qnairel with Scuti* prtrfy tlie ment of themselves and their party ; this made them change their minds» and many of them to confess and acknow- ledge they had been abused. 47. But this was not the work of one day : Some time passed before they could make these clear discoveries and disabuse themselves ; our grand impostors kept them a good while at gaze, with putting jealousies into their heads against the Scots, as if the Scots had a design of making good their footing in this Kingdom, and that we, who were of the other party from them, did carry-on the- Scotch interest, and designed to betray the Rights and Li- berties of England ; . with which engine they battered a long time^ and made no small impression on many men's minds. 48. For the next step they meant to make, was to fall foul with the Scots, and engage the Kingdoms one against another in blood ; which was the return they would give the Scots, as a reward of thic good service they had done them, by coming to their help in time of need, when they were so low, so despairing of cari7ing*on their- In the decline of the work, and effecting what they had projected to them-i U liai.ients attairs, selves, as that the chief of them a Ihtle before, were the violent party imd . ,. , , r intended to give up ready to ruQ-away ; ships prepared; good store or trea- the cause, and leave sure, (w.iich they had sharked,; packed-up to carry vfith, "^ *" * them, or returned beyond sea, by Bills of Exchange ; - and all things in a readiness for their remove : so well ■■, ig, . were they resolved to hazard, and (if need were) sacri* « fice themselves for their country, though they would be • thought to be the only patriots. Bdt they hsid certainly : 1^ left it in the lurch, if hrst, my Lord of Essex, had :. not done that memorable piece of service in relieving : . Ghees ter (which was so gallantly defended by Major- general Mawe}^ and fighting the great battle oi Newbury, And a little before that the Kingdom of Scotland, enr < • gaging in the cause, sent-in their army to their assist* Their inj,'ratitu(lc to ance. My Lord of Essex, as has been shewed already^ ^' ln^.i;«'' !i' ^"^'^''l had his reward; he was cashiered : and so was Maior- nd theiit)thci jjitat , . * , . im • • • c t. Itlivcieiit. generalMawey ; w.ho, smce, hkewise is turned out of the ^ House (being one of the eleven Members, ) and voted ' to be impeached of High i'reason. And next the Scots must have theirs. The quarrelling with them, and en* . > ' « » deavouring And to the Scots. * change; '_ ckiiow* le time ies and ihem a \r heads making re» who on the- and Li- ttered a ^ men's s to fali I against lid j;ive ley bad d.when n their; them- B, were of treats; ry with i hange ; so well I sacri* uld be,i, ?rtainly I ?j7, had jlieving Major- '.wbury, * id, en- r assist* I ilready, Major- t of the 1 voted te Scots ind en* ' souring Memoirs of Demll Lord HoUia. . deavouring to destroy their army, is what I must now speak of, as the Subfect of the next Act in this Tragedy. The first endeavour is to break the Scottish army, by not paying it; which before, ^ whilst they had need of it, or hopes, that the Kingdom of Scotland might co-operate to the working of their designs,) they could be carefiil to do their utmost to satisfy, and to provide for it fitting accom* modations. But now they can let many months pass without sending them any money, or taking any care for their sup-, ply, or so much as affording them good words. One of these two e£Fectsthey thought this ^ould certainly produce; either to make the soldiers run-away, and, perhaps mutiny, and so the army to disband and fall to pieces ; or else to make them live upon free quarters, and so, by oppressing the country, to become odious, and provoke the people to rise against them. Nor were they wanting to give all encouragement so to do; Emissaries were sent out and Agents employed in all places^ to stir-up and imbitter men's spirits Many com- plaints were, by their procurements, sent-up to the Parlia- ment, and all means used to get hands to those complaints, and strange things were suggested, — vast sums to be levied by them, so many thousand pounds a week to be levied up- on a county,-— unheard-of iusolenciesto be committed, rob* bing, killing, ravishing, riots, all manner of villanies. This would come-up with open cry, make a great noise, be received and heightened in the House of Commons with railikig speeches, and bitter invectives, blown over the City and Kingdom, to the disadvantage and reproach, not only of the army, but the nation , in a word, all done that could be imagined, to set man, woman, and child, and even the very stones, against them. The Commis- sioners oiUcotiand that were in London, would many times send in their papers to the Houses of Parliament to shew the falsehoods of those reports, and desire itiat Commit- tees might be sent-down to join with theirs to examine these things ; pressing that it ougnt to be so done by the Treaty between the two Kmgdoms, and that thero should always be a Committee of both Kingdoms with the Scot- tish army, to govern it, to provide what was ht for the soU dierS| and prevent both disorders and misunderstandmgs : but 217 Thcv neiilect to pay the Scottish army. And cause false complaints to be made against them* October 16, 1646. :...- f •••!- In hopes to incense the English nation against them. ■m it^-^F* Um i". 218. Memoirs ofDenzil Lord HollU» it , ■ "' ' but this was not that which our Masters desired to see done ; and therefore they would send none. The moderate party 49, The Members of the House, who disliked those Thyt^^hli^lm'SL courses, and saw the endeavours that were used to cause two nations. a breach between the two nations, did yet desire, that, if . , those relations were true, it might so appear, and be re- presented not only to the General of the Army, and to that part of the Committee of Estates of Scotland which was in / England (both those with the Parliament^ and those with the army) but even to the Kingdom oiScotland, that there might be redress, the offenders punished,and the Kingdom of£n^/anc/ rightedand satisfied. : And,if they werefalse, that the raisers and contrivers of those Reports might be punish- ed, and the Kingdom of •Sco//an(2receiveproper satisfaction ; which was the way to keep Peace between the two Nations. And so, sometimes, they prevailed, and got it ordered for an ' examination ; but never any thing could be made of it. -^>\ Only, at a market-town in Yorkshire, there had been a J T'' ^ riot, and some men killed; for which, a Council of War passed on the offenders, and some (as I remember) were executed, some cashiered. And, as to the raising those great sums of money ; it is true, that they did raise The real grounds of some money, or else their soldiers must have starved. But, for that exorbitancy of raising so many thousand pounds a week upon one county, it was a scandal and false lye, grounded upon a notable cheat and collusion. For the Scots drawing their Quarters near together, (which they did, as well tor the better governing of their army, as for the safety of it, ktiowing they had many back>friends,) this made them lie heavy vpon places, and exact the more money and provisions from those several town- ships. Then did these men, who were employed to blow the coals, and put all into a flame (if possible) between the country and the Scots, take the highest rate that was fl^t upon any one of these towns, and make a computation what it would come-to upon the whole county, at that pro* portion ; and then they declared that sum to be the charge that had been laid upon that county for the payment of the Scottish army. And this must faie made a great busi- ness, and pass for a truth, as if the Scots had raised so much money ; when, in truth, there was no such thing. SO, Yet let me not be thought to excuse and justify all that .f;.'c^^ the false reports raited against the Scott. •»i .!* JHemoirs vf Den»U Lord H$lHh 219 1 tQ see ed those to cause I, that, if d be re- d to that :h was in lose with hat there kingdom false, that e punish- isfaction ; Nations, red for an ide of it. d been a Qundl of member) le raising did raise ved. But, 1 pounds false lye. For the bich they ly, as for -friends,) 2xact the ral town- d to blow I between ' that was nputation that pro* he charge lyment of reat busi- raised so ich thing. justify all that that tht soldiers of that army have done upon the country^, / and not to pity,with a very tender 8en8e,the deep tuflferings . * '' of those Northern parts, the Scottish army lying so long upon them on free- quarter. I must be very ignorant of the The Irregularitin of carriage of an unpaid army, if I did not believe that many Je^^merei^the^eit disorders were committed, many a poor country man exceea- fccu of want of pay? ingly oppressed and,abused by the unruly soldiers, and more money and provisions, by half, taken and spoiled by them, , than would have sufficed for their pav and entertainment, ' if it had been orderly raised and provided by the autho- rity and care of the State which was to pay them. And so should 1, likewise, have very smwU bowels towards my country, England in general, and particularly, those poor counties, (in one of which I received my being, ) if I did not grieve, and mourn from the bottom of my soul, for the sad condition which did then overspread them, the poverty to which they are reduced, the ruin of so many , ^ houses and faniilies, the land lying, in many places, an un- * < inhabited wilderness, exhibiting, all over, a race of misery " ', and desolation But then, the more I am raised to ^n indig# ' .p. ■ nation against those persons who were the cause of all this miser^andwho had rather suffer — not one county or two, but — all the counties in Lngland^ and two Kingdoms be- «des, to perish and be ruined, than that they should fail of their ends. And so must all the North be made a sacrifice to their malice and revenge upon the Scottish Nation; and, rather than not enforce the Hcots to oppress those parts, (hoping at last they would fall upon one another,) they will suffer the country to endure any misery \ and not only so, but impudently and pertidiously wrest and misinterpret the Treaty which themselves had made with them, and so to xhe violent party put a great scorn thereon, to give greater provocations to grossly misrepresent the Scots: and thus ihey make themselves ridiculous and *''!.^ir*% l^r^*:.k , f. , 1 J i II • » with the acots wun iniamous to the world, and to all posterity, by a gross respect to their pay. and palpable collusion 5i, For, when the Commissioners of Scotiand^ and the General of tne Army, did so often and earnestly move for pay for thesoldierii, representing, ^* that on the monthly , pay, which was conditioned-for and promised, they have not for so many months, received any thing, and tlMt it was impossible to observe that discipline m the army wi<«ch was requisite for the ea^e of rhe county, because the soldiers vereuupaid,"theyhadthetdce tosay, **that,bytheTreaty, the ^ 220 Memoirs ofX>enxil Lord Jlollu% my b 1 ;:i|:i I ijlWl' the Scots could not receive their pay at present^ because there was a clause, that, if any part thereof were behind, they should be allowed interest for forbearance ;" ( which interest was not to be presently paid neither, but after- wards, when the Peace was settled, and the Kingdom more able,) from which clause, these conscionable Logi- cians infer'd, that, if we allowed them Interest upon the sum due to them, nothing could be demanded by them at • present. So that« that clause of indulgence, which the Scots gave way to, out of friendliness and confidence, to shew that they would not exact upon our necessities, if at any time, through the great occasions of ezpence, we were not able to give them their full pay, is now made use of, and ungratefully turned upon them, to defer the payment of any part of it ; and this only to affront them, and make them desperate. i^l onL govern': ^^' ^""^^ ^^ ^I^^X ^^^ ^«^^ ^he Army, so did they with ment of Scotland, as the State and Kingdom of Scotland^ by putting neglects well as of their Ar- ^ioA indignities upon their Ministers, raising jeaiousies of them, and of the whole Nation. ^ For this they had their Robert Wright, and their unknown Knight, to give intel- ligence of Correspondencies held by them with the Queen, —of undertaking to do great matters for the King, — Trea- ties with France,— strange designs and practices against the Parliament, — and, every foot, Letters of Information from some well-wishers abroad, to Mr. SoUicitor, or Sir Henry MUdmayy or some other of that gang, upon this strain. Then this is whispered-about, and these Letters go from hand to hand, and are told as a secretin every body's ears, to make people afraid and mistrust even their own shadows, . as if all were in danger. Sometimes the Hquse must be ac- quainted with some of these things ; or some person, or other, brought to the Bar, to malce some relation, as Sir Thomas Hanmore. Then the doors are shut, long-winded speeches are made to set-out our dangers, and great expec- tations are raised of strange discoveries ; and all turns-out to bebut diparturiunt mantes. Yet this serves to make a noise j and they had instruments abroad to improve it : and many ^ honest, welUmeaning, men were cozened, and stood at gaze, knew not what to think of their brethren of Scot- landi QOir yet of the Members of either House, and de- sired to have things more fairly carried towards them; -J--V i^ ■K^'~ Mmoirs of Denxil Lord HoUis. M ■.', because e behind, '* (which but after- Kingdom ble Logi- upon the ly them at which the dence, to iities, if at f, we were ide use of, e payment and make I they with ig neglects alousies of ( had their give intel- he Queen, g,— Trea- against the ation from Sir Henry this strain, •s go from ody's ears, ti shadows, nust be ac- person, or ion, as Sir ing- winded reat expec- urns-out to ke a noise ; and many 1 stood at zn ot Scot- se, and de- ards them; ' and* and, as they had had experience of their faithfulness for merly, so could they not be bi tught by such artifices to ; have an ill opinion of them without better grounds for it ; and they therefore differed in the entertainment they gave to those alarms, judging them false and causeless, and ac- cordingly expressing themselves, diverting and breaking the desperate thrusts which these men made ; and were , , therefore decryed as Scottish, malignant, and prejudged in all they did or said. 53. Their malice against the Scots rests not here ; it carries tIip.v nflront th« them to discover and manifest a slighting and neglecting, <'<»ii"jmlMiow«u of and (that not sufficiently provoking) a violent injuring ^*''""*""' and affronting of them. First, they vouch-safe not to answer the papers they put into the House ; some not at all; none'presently (as formerly they were wont to do) ' , nor in any convenient time: but they make them wait days, and weel^, and months, for a return to what the Commis* sioners present from the kingdom of Scotland, or from themselves in the name of that kingdom, 54. The Committee of the two kingdoms is now no TheyhrlnffflicOom- more in esteem, than (as they say) a Saint without a Holi- "'"*** ^^ "o'l' •''"K' day : That which before did manage all the great business, ^'""* '"'* «*'"*«""1'»- —which was looked-upon with so much reverence, even as a sacred thing, — prayed-for in the Churches, like the Lords in the Council, —had all the trust, all the power, not only in matters of war, (which were wholly left to them by the ordinance of their Constitution ;) but all other business of ' consequence, — as, framing propositions for Peace, and all addresses to his Majesty, — all negotiations with foreign States, — whatsoever did, in any high degree, concern the Parliament or Kingdom, was still referred to them ; and ' ' what they did, passed for law, and was seldom, or never, altered in the House. But now the tide was turned ; they T5l!„tirFlliXxft'o« had nothing to do. Sir Thoma? Fairfax was discharged of lilu Nulxihllnutioti ti» his subordination to them, and i ff to himself, to do as he [J- saw cause with his army.^ They • " rhe Committee, who *" ^'' "' were of that faction, seldom or n; - Ccinie to it; so that the Commissioners of Scotland, an*, iie other members of it, did come and attend three or four days one after ano- ther, sometimes oftener, to no purpose, and no Committee could sit for want of a number: nay, they prevailed so far, as now to vilifie and shew their neglect or jcalousie of the S8S Memoirs ofPenzil Lord HoUis* They 'intercept and break open the let ters of the Scotch Commistionert, Maj, 1646. the Scottish Commissioners They would sometimes get business referred to the Members of both Houses that were of that Committee, with their exclusion. 55. To provoke them yet more, they break through ' the Law of Nations, which in all places in the world eive protection to puWick Ministers employed by any Prince or State, so as nenher thfir servants oi^ goods, and espe- ciallv not rheir 1' trers, f which are of greater consequence, and more immedintelv concprn the honour and interest both of their masters and them, ) ought to be in any sort touched or stopped ; yet the packets of the Commissioners of Scotland must be intercepted, and their letters broke- open- This was done several times in a secret and private manner, the letters being suppressed ana never hear*d-of more: which was a great wrong and injury to that king- dom ; yet cant'ot be said to be an affront, because it was not avowed. But thev have likewise done it openly and avowedly in a most insolent way : Once they set a captain, one Massey, at the guards by London, knowing the Com- missioners were sf^ndiiig an expres« into Scotland ; and this captain ^ who deserves to be made an example for it, and his masters too, who set him to work ) stops the gen- tleman who was sent with the packet, takes the very letiers they had written to the Committee of Estates, reads them, and keeps the messenger prisoner upon the guard : which was the highest affront,— iht greatest violation of the pub- lick faith, — the greattst scandal to all Princes, Stares, and even societies oi tntn, — the basest, unworthiest, dealing with a nation, to whom we were engaged by amity, league, covenant, common Interest, and all bonds of grautude for the good we had rcreivtd from them, — that ever was heard of, or read in any story, or, I think, ever will be again. Yet was this fellow, by the power and interest of these men, protected in the House of Commons ; So far from being punished, when the Scottish Commissioners made their complaint, that, when tne Lords had committed him for it, they mad( the House set him at liberty, and quarrel with the Lords for Ireaking their privileges, in com- mitting one wh > \^ds under ^'xamination of their Commit- tee: for they had refcrreil the business to a Committee, in truth not tu do the kingdom of Scotland any right by > pumshmg upc the not Memoirs ofDenxil Lord HoUis, S2d letimes get [ouses that k through world cive any Prince , and espe- nsequence, ind interest in any sort imissioners ters broke- and private T hear*d-of i that king- :ause it was openly and et a captain, kg the Com- tland ; and imple for it, )ps the gen* f very letiers reads them, lard: which of the pub- , Stares, and iest, dealing nity, league, gratitude for er was heard rill be again, rest of these So far from loners made mmitted him . and quarrel res, in com- teir Commit- Committee, any rigjht by punishing punishing the offender, but to affront it the more by pro- tecting him. 56 One would think now these had bid fair for an abso- lute breach with Scoiland: but they are not satisfied yet ; one thiug more they will do, which, they are confident, will do the feat. It is this j At the coming-in of the Scots, they had bom them in hand, that they desired nothing but the uniting of the Nations : That therefore they would never make peace without their advice and consent ; and that, as they desired a conjunction of Forces and Counsels for prosecution of the war, so, whensoever a Peace was made, they desired a conjunction of Counsels and In- terests for the preservation thereof, that so the Kingdoms, interwoven one with another, might be a mutual strength and security one to another. Therefore in framing the propositions for Peace, presented to the King at Oxford, and treated-on at Uxhridge, (which was done at the Com- mittee of the two Kingdoms,) they make it one proposition, '* That some Commissioners itomScotland should be joined with ours, in the power of the Militia of this Kingdom, and» in like manner, that some of ours may be joined with theirs in their Kingdom," and so bring it to the House. Where myself, and many more, (who truly desired the joyning of the Nations in love and good understanding, to perpetuity, ) opposed it, fiearing that joining them in that power, would prove a dividing of affection, which should be best set, and so preserved,bykeepinff several their several Interests. But those carried it) and what we feared proved true : it being afterward made an occasion of great endeavours to set the two Kingdoms farther asunder : and certainly it was first done by them out of that design. 57. For now, when the Aopositions were to be sent again to the King to Newcastle, that party took their rise upon that proposition, to have them all reviewed, and changed almost all in them that looked towards the Scots^ and gave themselves liberty, as they had a large Field, to shew the inconveniencies of admitting another Kingdom to share power in this. And much was done and said, reflecting upon Scotland, and against all such intermixtures. Then those who shewed their dislike of it before, and would not have it done when it was to do, yet, as it was now done. Tliey put another great atVroat upoa the Scots> Ttiey had formerly joined thcScoti with the English, in the power of the Militia And now wuiild de< prive them of that privilege. Mav, 1646. ^24 Memoirs ofDenzil Lo^d Hollis. \t- done, did not desire, attl^at time, to have it undone ; being, in truth, un will inof that there should be any altering of the Propositions at all ; not knowing where these men would stop» if once they began to change any part: And, there- fore, offered this consideration, that, though, before, it would have been no wrong, or unkindness, to our brethren ' notto have admitted them to such a CO- partnership, which . they apprehended would prove rather a prejudice than otherwise ; yet, being now admitted into it, they thought it j^ might be ill-taken to thrust them out, and might bethought ' • to be a proof of a jealousy and change of affection tow- ards them, according to the rule, Turpius ejicitur qu^m non admittitur, &c. But, for that very reason, were these men the more earnest for it, — that it might be ill-taken, — ^ that it might argue a jealousy, — that the ' ' ' which the two Kingdoms did seem to be bound-up toge- * ther, they might fall in sunder, and the breach be the * *' - . greater. O ! the wickedness of these men, that thirsted after nothing, but to see the two Kingdoms weltering in T^!.SlT.Il"'l"'?" that blood which they must let-out of one-another's veins! tleratinn of the Scott n » i i_ if • • inevents any ill con- But that does the more commend the goodness, piety, cequcnces from those wisdom, and moderation of our brethren of Scotland, counie I. ^jjich prevented it ; for, notwi^standing all these pro- vocations, all these injuries and affronts, they were stead- fast, they were unmoveable in their resolutions to pro- • * mote the Peace of England. They said, they came-in to -■' help it *, they will not be made instruments to destroy it : They had bound themselves in a Covenant before God, and in a Treaty with their Brethren of England, to en- ' . ■ . deavour, by all good ways and means, a happy settle- ^ ment and Reformation both in Church and State : The art and malice of i heir enemies, and the eiiemies of Peace, shall not engage them to become in any sort an occasion ' of hindering it. Therefore, they deny themselves ; they renounce their own interest; they quit all pretensions, ana agree with the Parliament in those alterations, and there- by defeat the expectation of those who hoped to see, not only the Propositions of Peace laid-asido upon that oc- casion, but that Scotland should have born the blame, both of not making Peace with the King, and also of all g of the 1 would , there- efore, it brethren p, which lice than bought it ^thought ion tow- tur quhm ere these taken,— might see 'as not to ntied, by -up toge- h be the It thirsted Itering in pr's veins! ss, piety, Scotlandf hese pro- ere stead- is to pro- aine-in to estroy it : ore God, d, to en- jpy settle- ate : The of Peace, 1 occasion ves; they i&ions, and and there- o see, not )n that oc- he blame, also ol all the Memoirs of Denzil Lord HoUia. ^ ; the miseries which must have followed upon both King- doms, by a rupture and breach between them. 53. When they saw they could not by art and under- hand-dealing compass this breach; for that neither the«ycoi* would be provoked to declare against the Parliament, and 80 the war begin on that side ; nor could they engage the Northern Counties to fall upon them : If either of which events had taken place, they would have still kept them- selves behind the curtain, and have hid the arm which had thrown the stone; they would have seemed,alas! innocent, well-meaning, men, and yet the mischief would have befallen which they had contrived. But, rather than fail, they will throw-off the vizard, and come down- right with open face, to the executing their design. They set-on their teazers, (as flas'erigj Mildmay, Mar- tin, and many others,) to move, '* Thsit Sir Thomas Fair- fax might go-down with his army, to protect those Northern Counties, and relieve them from the oppression of theScotS'f** — a pretty way of protection and giving ease, to send an army into a country! We see how this arnfy eases the country now, to the breaking both of their backs and hearts. But, could they have gotten a vote for this, their work had been done, and we should soon have heard of mischief, and felt it : The animosity between those two Armies would have instantly put them and the Kingdoms into blood: forvvhich, no question, Sir Thomas Fairfax had his instructions. But the House would never give way to it, though with earnestness prest many times by that party. And when they saw they could not pre- vail, the presumptions are very strong, that they would have had the Army to have marched thither, without the Parliament's order : for the Scots had an alarm, of the Army's moving towards them; and their Commissioners so informed the House, with a protestation against it : upon which there was a stop, vi'ith a denial and disavowment of their having any such intention. Yet certainly there was an attempt ; and, it is said, orders were out for part of the Army to move that way. But, God be thanked! it went no further : f jr that v ould have been a sad business. 59. Belbre I go off liiis nnitcr, I must do that right to Co\.PoiHlZf{\\ho commanded the Northern Forces,) as to attribute to hiscare I'.nd vigilancy, and his discreet ordering U of 225 1. :' . The violent party is desirous of sending* down the army to quarrel with the Scots, under pre- tence of protecting the Northern coun- ties. But the Parliament would not consent to it. Colonel Points be- haves prudently and honestly in his Nor- thern command. Nov, lOiC. 226 Memoirs of Denzil Lord Hollit* For which be is after- wards persecuted by the violent partj. Tl.e violent pal (y are in hopes that' the Scots will refuse to return homr. * May 10, 1646, A nd tnerefore cndca« vour to make their ictutn diflicult to 'I'hc Scots had vi'iy plausible rraiions for Htiiying longer in ijiglitiiil, if they hud hci-nsu inclined. of his business, a great part. of our happiness, that all that mischief was prevented,whichwas so eatnestly endeavoured to be pulled on us, by engaging the Country and Scottish Armyin quarrel and bloodshed. And that was his crime with these men; who, to punish him for it, did afterwards so un* justly cause him to be put out of his command, after they hadstirred'Up theunruly Rabbleof the Agilators,totakehim by violence, out of his house at York, tho' he was as abso- lute in his command there, ns Fairfax was in his : Merely doing it by an act of power, force, and violence, breaking thro' all Rules of Justice, Equity, and Honesty,-— bring- ing him a prisoner to the Army, — not suffering him so much as to put* on his clothes, or speak to his wife, or any friend, — but using him as if he had been the greatest tray- tor in the world j though Sir Thomas Fairfax could not pretend to the least jurisdiction over him, nor could any thing be laid to his charge. Such is their hatred of every honest man, who stands in their way to the accomplish- ment of their pernicious designs. 60. Their next hope was, that the Scottish Army would not go out of the Kingdom at the desire of the Parliament ; so bloody noses would be upon that occasion : and I must give them their due, there was no failure in them, to do all that was possible, to have kept them in the Kingdom, still only to quarrel with them, but with a seeming to de- sire nothing so much as their going. Very forward they were to get the Vote* of the Parliament "that they should be gone;" but yet to enable them to go they would not help, but rather hinder, and hang-on all the weights they could to make it difHcult to them to do so. To say the truth, they had some ground to believe, First, That they would not go; and. Secondly, I'hat they could not, if they would : for the Scots had a colour, if not just reason, to have refused. 01. By the Covenant and Treaty, the two Kingdoms had bound themselves before God, and one to another, as one entire body, to prosecute the cause (these are the very words of the Declaration of botn Houses, to the State of the United Piovinccs ; which Declaration Mr Sollici- lor himself penned, and therefore they must hold it Canoni- cal ),and that neither Kingdom should lay-down iheir irms till the ends mentioned in the Covenant and Treaty were obtained. If then in this cause the forces of both King- doms Memoirs ofDenzil Lord IJoiUi. 227 : all that lavoured Scottish imewith ds so un- ifter they » take him : as abso- : Merely breaking ^—briiig- g him so te, or any atest tray- could not could any 1 of every complish- my would irliament ; md I must em, to do Kingdom, liiig to de- ward they [ley should d not help, they could truih, they uldnotgo; vould: tor e refused. Kingdoms another, as ;se are the to the State VI r SoUici- 1 it Caaoni- i iheir arms Treaty were both King- doms ttp your own Army, the other part of this body ?" This had certainly been strong reasoning, which Mr. Sol* licitor would have been puzzled to answer. j 6?. Besides^ the Scots had cause enough to have their jea* , v lousie prompt them, that it was not safe for them to depart . with their Army, lay-by their swords, and leave standing in this Kingdom so great a force,\vhich they knew to be so ill- , affiected to them, and which might act to their prejudice ; ' .- andj (the King being then in their power,) might, perhaps, force both him and the Parliament to make a Peace disad- vantageous to Scotland, and differing from those grounds upon which, by the Kingdom of Ens;/and, the Scots had been engaged in this Quarrel : or else they might make no Peace at all, but interpose ( as Cromwell to the Earl of Man* Chester) to hinder it, and themselves govern the nation by the sword, not only to the prejudice of 5co//awrf, but also to the ruin of England, One may swear there was ground enough for such a fear; for it hath since proved so to pur- pose. But, according to the old rule, "chey who mean well g^^ ^j^^ ^. themselves, are not suspicious of others." The Scots had sen' to go home, no thoughts but of settling a Peace, laying-down of arms, calling the People, and ail things to revert into their old channel; and, therefore, they were willing to be gone, and . . return into their own Country, in confidence that, after their departure, the Army under Sir Thomas Fair/ax would likewise presently be disbanded, since there was no more "need of any Army at all ; so they were willing to go, 63. But then the question was, if they would go or The Scottish Com- not, and how the Soldiers would be disposed to march* missioneiigive-inan ^.11^. 'jr ^i-' account of 800,000/. out, who had not been paid of so many months, mso- arrears. much as the Scottish Commissioners gave>in an account of Au^. i8, i64G. some 800,000/. Arrears. Here our gallants hoped they had them upon the hip, and should surely give them a fall. Then they thrust-on some of their little Northern Beagles, 2 (as con* 228 Memoirs ofDenzil Lord Ilutlis. The violent party (as Mr. 5/aJf /on, and Others,) to Inform the Parliament what set-up a contiaiy ac- j^j^jj g^^^g ^f money the Scots had raised upon the Country ; fea"sonable ^ articles upon w hich they conclude, the Scottish Army was in their against the Scots, jg^t, and therefore they >¥Ould come to an account with them : which would have been a sure way to have kept them inthe Kingdom five or six months longer. But to help that, And propose that our just pay-masters said, the Army should march-away. Hie Scottish army and some persons be left behind to see all accounts adjust- iSe thraJcomn ed: which had required very good rhetorick to have made is adjusted. it justice, especially to have appeared so to the Scottish Soldiers. For '* to have sent them away without Money, and then to have asked the Countrymen what sums of Money the Soldiers had taken from them, (when the Countrymen . might say, what sums they thought good, the Soldier not ,; being there to answer for himself, ) and yet for the Soldier to have the quantity of his pay,that was still due to him,to be thereby determined," would have been but hard measure. . • ' But the rhetorick used in support of it, would have been, , for Sir 7 /iomai/'biV/ar to have gone-down with his Army; ^' ■ which should have made it just, and easie, and everything: ' ' ■ . . * .■ for this was the conclusion they desired to bring it to j as it was often moved and pressed by them. 1 he inwltiatc party 64 At last, the well-wishers to Peace, with much ado, nidcavour to avoid prevailed in the House, and it v as carried to offer the Scots pmes^oS acconm i » gross sum lor all, so to part fair, and avoid the delay and procure a sum and disputes of an account : to which they presently agreed. them?' '" ^ °^'"*** '^^^" ^^^ question was "what sum." Here again we had a strong debate: For our Incendiaries hung by every twig, sticking last to their principles to dissatisfy the Scots, and break with them (if possible) upon any point ; pretending the poverty of the Kingdom, and the great sums the Scots The violent pnrty ^^^^ raised, and therelore they would give but 100,000/. are for giving only which they kncw Was all one wiih a hundred shillings, as 100,000/. jQ jj^g satisfying of the Soldiers for marching-away. In the end, after many debates in the House, and passages to and again with the Scotch t-ommissioners, the lowest sum that could be agrecd-unio by the Commissioners was 400,000/. of which sum, one half, to wit, 'iOO.OOO/. was to be paid doun in haiul, ar.d the other 200,000/. a^'wr sometime; witli a protestatioji ol theirs.thatthvAruj; ,\ould not be satisfied with Ict^s, nor enabled to niarch : which was motive enough for these men to deny it ; for, if they could have wroupht thcdiMati.'laciion of the Army, so as to But the Scottish Commissioncis insist upon 400,000/. <>t" which «0O,0(Hil. are to lie paid donn. ^ > ^^- r;. nt what ountry; in their int with pt them elp that, h-away, 3 adjust- ,ve made Scottish iney.and f Money ntrymen ildier not >oldierto »im,to be measure, avebeen, lis Army; ery thing: it to; as it nuch ado, r the Scots the delay ly agreed. 1 we had a very twig, ScctSf and )retending 8 the Scots 100,000/. hillings, as ay. In the )assages to owest sum loners was 1,000/. was 000/. a<^*^r nn- «\0uld which was t)r, if they so as to ^rmy, • ! Memoirs of Dentil Lord Hollis. 229 Ami this is at last carried by the mo.fe- rate party, tlu)iif>li with yery great diiii. tulty. to have refused to go, it was the issue they wished to bring it to. Whereupon it was opposed by them with all the power they had; but in the end the better part, that is, the mo- derate party, (who were the peace-makers, those that laboured to keep things even and fair between the two Kingdoms,) carried it : And the sum was voted, and all ^^^^ tl s t i things agreed-upon, though with difficulty; (for they fought upon res«)rve lo*^*" it out, and lost it by inches); and then the Scots declared ™arth out of En^'- they would march- out by such a day. Q5, Yet had our Bnitefeus one hope left, which was, to Ti,e violent party quarrel at last about tlie person of the King, believing the l»"ne to quarrel wiih Scots vfo\x\6. certainly have taken his Majesty with them person'ofthSi,/''*' into Scotland, This, rhey knew, would have been ground '" sufficient, and would have engaged all England against them, giving a confirmation to all the jealousies formerly raised, and occasioned a thousand more: And >yould have certainly more advantaged the designs of thosewho thirsted after the destruction, of the King first, the .^co/j next, and " then of all such persons as desired Peace within this King- ' . , dom, and would have made them a smoother way to their damnable ends, ** the altering of the Government, and bringing-in a confusion both in Church and State," than any thing that could have happened : And the two Kingdoms would have been engaged against each other in a bloody contest, while -the author of the mischief . - would have remained undiscovered, masked over with • the glorious pretences of zealously vindicating the ho- nesty and interest of England, and every breach of Co- venant and Treaty in this cause; which made them, with And for that purpose so much peremptoriness and incivility, ind, in truth, in- peremptorily de- iustice, demand " that the Scots would deliver-up his ',"?;"'' "^ „♦''«'" *" n/i • fi I u L L 1 1 . . • !-• !> I dt'l'vcr-up the person Majesty, though they had an equal mterest m his Royal oftUe Kiug. Person, with the Kingdom of England, (he being equally -- King of both,) and an equal interest in the closing and ^ binding-up the unhappy ditferences, which were between him and both his Kingdoms, they having been engaged in • that quarrel at the entreaty of England^ and made-up together, an entire body with Englaady (as is before shewed) for the prosecution of it. Therefore they had no more reason to trust us with the King, than we had to trust the^n ; and as much were they concerned in all that re- lated to his M:»icsty*s person; so as they had ground Q 3 enough The ultimate object of the violent party. 92K> Jdemoirs ofDenzil Lord HolHs. Tht Scots consent to it, aVid leave Ensland. lo February, 1646 7> ',!' The moderate bc- liaviour of the Scots f'lves their friends in ngland an ascend- ant over tlie violent patty. And resolutions are taken in Parlianiciit to disband the army. enough to have disputed it; and out of that hope, was it pressed by the others. But the wisdom of the Scottish na- tion foresaw the inconveniences which must have necessa< rily followed, if they had been positive at that time, and that they would thereby have plaid their enemies game to their own ruin, and even to the ruin of his Majesty. There- fore they made for him the best conditions they could ; that isjfor thesafetyand honour of his person,and (to avoid great- er mischiefs,) were necessitated to leave him in Engtandy and so march-away. Which they did in February 1 646-7. 66. Here, then, the very mouth of iniquity was stopped ; Malice itself had nothing to say, to give the least blemish to the faithfulness and reality of the Kingdom of Scotland, the clearness of their proceedings, their zeal for Peace, with- out self-seeking and self-ends, or any endeavours to make advantage of the miseries and misfortunes of England, This gave such a reputation to them, and to those that appeared for them^ (that is, so far for them, as to endea- vour the doing of right to them, and to prevent the prac- tices of those who sought all means of doing them wrong) and gave such a blow to the other violent party, so broke their power, and lessened their authority in the Parlia- ment, that it made- way for obtaining those resolutions which were presently taken for disbanding Sir Thomas Fairfaxes army. Till this time, by the fomenting jealousies against the Scots^ and against all moderate and well- affected persons, as if their designs were to betray the cause, deliver-over the honour, and interest, and strength of England, into the hands of the Scots\ they had prevailed so far, generally^ upon the affection of the people, and especially, upon many well-meaning (but not so well- discerning) persons. Members of Parliament, that they were able to suppress all good motions, tending towards Peace, all endeavours of smoothing those rugged ways, that their violence had put all things into, and to swell-up that Independent Army, like ihe Spleen in the body, by the concourse of all ill-humours, to the ruin and consumption of the body itself: And, yet, other forces had been cashier- ed ; as, for example, Major-general Massey's brigade, which had done all the service in the West,of which those drones robbed the sweet, getting the honour and advantage of it to ilKmselves. That though that army was composed, for tt ni hi Memoirs ofDenzU LordHoUis, 231 >, vras It ttish na- necessa- me, and game to . There- ild J that )id great- Znglandt 1646-7. stopped i : blemish Scotland^ ace,with- I to make Ensland, hose that to endea- the prac- m wrong) , so broke he Parlia- esolutions ir Thomas ; jealousies and well- t>etray the d strength j prevailed eople, and >t so well- , that they ig towards gged ways, to swell- up ody, by the Dnsumption een cashier- gade, which hose drones dvantage of i composed, for for the most part, of factious sectaries, except some few gallant men, that were scattered here and thete, amongst them ; as Colonel Greaves, Colonel Thomas Sheffield, Sir Robert Pife^ Colonel Herbert, Colonel Butler, Quarter- master General hincher, and other officers of quality, and gentlemen of the life-guard; who had formerly served under my Lord oi Essex, and Sir William Waller, and in^ other parts of the Kingdom, to whom they did the ho- nour of letting them perform all the action which that army had to do, and who, every one of them, afterward left It, when it lefi its obedience to the Parliament, and fi- delity to the Kingdom ; and, that they grew, to be not only an unnecessary grievous burden, in respect of charge, bur also a let and hindrance to the settling all government, both civil and ecclesiastical, neither submitting them- selves to the orders of Parliament, nor permitting others, where they could hinder it ; but giving countenance to till disorders, especially in the Church, as breaking open the church-doors, doing most unseemly^ barbarous, things, indeed, not fit to be related, either to modest or Chris- tian cars; and, in time of divine-service, interrupting ministers as they were preaching, miscalling and reviling them ; sometimes pulling them down by violence, beating and abusing them ; getting into the pulpits themselves, and venting, either ridiculous or scandalous things, falsa and pernicious doctrines ; countenancing and publishing seditious pamphlets, (for which they had a press that fol- lowed the army ) ; decrying both King and Parliament, and all authority, and infusing a rebellious spirit into the people, under the pretence of Liberty and Freedom, All this notwithstanding, while the Scottish army was in the Kingdom, such things were whispered, and such jealousies and fears raised, that these inconveiiiencies were not only dispensed with, but the Army was supported and cherish- ed, as if they had been the tutelary Gods of the Nation, who must have protected and delivered us from all danger; and all that the Parliament and Kingdom could do, was thought little enough to feed and maintain them ; though they were an excrescence, that drew-away the whole nou- rishment of the body, and starved it. The army had long liehaved in to fac- tious and disorderly a manner as to be a pabtick inconve- nience to the nation. But could not be (lisbanded till the Scottisli army had leA the Kingdom, by reason of the jealou- sies against theScots, infused by the violent party into all sorts of peo|)le. 67. But, atterwards, when the Kmgdomsaw how they But when the Scots ■ " ■ were gone, and the fears of them were (^'4 ^ were discovwed to hare had been abused, and made to fear where no fear was, and [^ 1 ^f .-. '•■ tt ;r • -i 232 been groundless, (he people were desirous that the army should be disbanded. Feb. 1646-7. The parliament re- solve to send part oi the army to Ireland- March 6, 1616-7. Col. Hammond makes diihcultics about going to Ire- land. March '1^2^ 1646-7' Memoirs ofDettzit Lord Hollis. werecome to themselves, they^ soon grew to feel thewe'ght of that which lay upon them, and to seek for ease. Then City and Country could petition the Parliament for the dis> banding of the Army, and could complain of their intolera- ble disorders and irregularities; and the Parliament was well-disposed to comply with their desires, who now like- wise discovered the art and malice' of the Independent Party, a spirit they had raised which they would gladly lay, and considered, that^ as such an Army was dangerous, so none at all was at that time needful, and that Ireland want- ed what we had too much of. Soldiers. 68. Besides, they well saw that, whilst that Army stood, they should never be able to relieve Ireland to any purpose, as the stock of the kingdom was swallowed-up in their maintenance ; and, though for the space of a whole year there had not been an eYiemy in the field, nor a town pos- sessed by any to find them employment, yet they recruit- ed daily, all care being taken for sending them pay, arms, provisions, clothes, with all other necessaries, as if they were every day upon hard and dangerous service, when, in truth, they did nothing but trouble and oppress the coun- try ; so as (notwithstanding their, glorious pretences of fighting for conscience, not for pay, ,\r,d sacrificing them- selves to God and the Kingdom's causej none of them would stir to help the poor Prote§tants in that Kingdom, but even hindered, what they could, all others from going. 69. Whichappeared by colonel //ammoTie/*^ capitulation, being designed for the service of Dublin j who, though he had been but an Ensign to Sir Simon Harcourt in thebegin- ning of those wars, was now a Colonel of the New Model, and ctood upon his pantoufles ; stipulating, "That he would not be obliged for longer than two or three mouths ; would have all his pay before-hand; victuals for six months, though he would stay but t^wo ; be absolute commander of all the forces there; have a proportion of money over and above, for contingent occasions, put into what hands he would ap- point; a fleet of ships to transport him, wait upon him, and be at his disposing, not to stir without his leave ; in truth he must be both Admiral and General ;" such terms that no Prince, or foreign State,that had but given an assistance, could have stood upon higher. This was the obedient, consu'.ntious, Army. But most men were satisfied, that, \ ' -if Memoirs of Denzil Lord Hoilit* 233 we'gbt Then the dis' itolera- ent was >w like- pendent idly lay, roas, so d want- ly stood, purpose, in their oie year )wn pos« recruit- ly, arms, 5 if they vrhcn, in le coun- tences of ig them- of them kingdom, im going. )itulation, hough he thebegin- IV Model, the would IS ; would IS, though ■ of all the nd above, would ap- L him, and • ; in truth terms that assistance, obedient, fied, that, if May, 1647' The parliament rote to send some part of the army to Ireland, and to disband the rest, excepting only nbc if it was not disbanded, Ireland mwt be lost, and Eng- land undone. ^ 70. The Parliament, therefore, taking into their con- sideration the necessity of relieving that dying Kingdom, after long debate, and much opposition from all that party, came at last to ajesolution, in Mai/ 1647* and vote, that a certain proportion of foot and horse should forthwith be transported into Ireland (as I remember seven regi- ments of foofi of which four, I am certain, were to be taken out of the Army) : they further vote, that no foot should be continued in England, but those that were to what number of foot be for the necessary defence of the garrisons, and that S'.c^ •^arSs^aSid above five thousand horse and dragoons, should remain five thousand horse under pay in tliis kingdom, for quieting and preventing ^"'^ dtagooiu. any stir or trouble, either within, or from abroad, to in- • terrupt proceedings till a settlement of affairs: peoples minds after such commotions being, like the sea after a storm, unquiet for sometime, though the wind be abated. Those men would have had a far greater number, and pressed it earnestly, saying. We laid-by our strength, that all might be deUvered-back into the King's hands. And, though even this proportion seemed very great to discreet arid moderate men, yet they pitched upon it, partly, to scop i . . I he mouths of these railers, and give satisfaction to all in - ditTefent persons, who looked not so far mto business, and were apt enough to be misled into jealousies and suspicions; and partly, because they welUhoped, it would be but for . - * some short time, that this charge should be continued upon the Kingdom. 71. Here then is the axe first laid to the root of this broad spreading tree, the Army } a dismal cypress, the shadow and droppings vvhcreof were su pernicious as to darken all the comfortable beams of our sun-shine of Peace, and to suffer no good thing to prosper near it. This ^ , ■ vext the children of darkness, who now must cast-about, shake Heaven and Earth, raisj? all the black spirits of ' * Hell, confound sea and land, and all the elements, rather than permit this to take place. 72. The Parliament goes-on with this work, refers it a committee of par- to the Committee of Lords and Commuutt at Derby-houie, liamcnt are directed to see those voles concerning Irchnd put in e.xecutioii. c"ccuiioll"' "^^^ "* ♦ The 234 Memn.s ofDenzil Lord HoUis, Is I'hey go-down to the army for that purpose. March, 1647. But are ill received bv the army. March 22, l647. But some of the oHicers consent to g:o to Ireland. 'March SO, 1647. V- Notwithstanding the leproachcs and iiiii- tinoMs behaviour of the rest. 'I'lic ofRccrs prep.ijc a petition ana rcpie- snUation. >I;;ichC'i, Ifiir. Mruch, II M 7. The eleven Members were, altnost all of them, of that Committee, who may say H'uic ill(B LavhrinKe . For, doing their parts, together with the rest, in discharge of the duty and trust, which lay upon them, to take care of that poor kingdom, and discorering the designs of the Army to frustrate all the good designs of the Parliament,:~they incur the mortal hatred of the Party and- the Army, which have driven them from their homes, and country, and the City of London, without the privity or consent of the House of Parliament. The Earl of Wnrivick^ the Lord Dacres, Sir JVilliam Walkr, Sir John Clotivortliyy Major General Massey, and Mr. Salloway', are the persons em- ployed. These labour to dispose officers and soldiers to a compliance with the necessities of Ireland; but at the very first were received with a mutinous acclamation amongst the officers, whom they had called together, some of them crying-out, ** One and all," and the whole com- pany being disturbed and distempered. So that, finding it not convenient to deal with them together in a body, they desired, that such as had a sense of the miserable condi- tion of that Kingdom, and a will to engage for the relief of it, would repair to them to their lodgings ; which very many did, colonels and lieutenant-colonels, and other offi- cers, and undertook for themselves, and a very consider- able number of their soldiers, about 1,500, o* 2,0C0, casting themselves wholly upon the Parliament for their tonditions. The rest of the officers and soldiers of the Army did all that was possible to obstruct the ser* vice, decrying the employment, railing upon, misusing, threatening, and thereby discouraging, thosewho engaged, calling them deserters of the Army and of their General, and, by great offcis and assurance of better conditions to stay with them, keeping of others. 73. And at that very time did some of the officers meet and prepare a Petition, together with a representation, in the name of the whole Army, " That, before disbanding, there might be an Act of Indemnity with the King's royal assent to it; that auditors might speedily repair to the Army to cast-up their accounts for their service from the beginning ; that none who had served voluntarily in that Army, should be compelled to go out of the Kingdom; and that, till disbanded, money might be sent-down for their Memoirs of Ditizil Lord Hollis, Q35 of that r, doing of the of that e Army t,— they , which and the of the le Lord ijt Major ons em- Idiers to t at the lamation er, some ole com- inding it dy, they le condi- he relief lich very ther offi- :onsider- • *2,0C0, for their s of the the ser- nisusing, engaged. General, litions to ;ers meet )n, in the ig, there 's royal ir to the from the y in that ingdom ; lown for their their supply." This was a fair beginning of the godly Army's taking care for Ireland, diid of those good officers proceedings, who had been declared to be so obedient to the Parliament, that merely for that merit, they had been made choice of, and put into the rooms of far better men than themselves. — Now, forsooth, when the Parliament would have some of them go for Ireland, they will put the whole Army into a mutiny. 74. For an Army, or any part of it, to join in a Petition i tho' but for pay, when their superiors (that authority which they are bound to obey) require any duty to be performed, or service to be done by them, (as the present relieving of Ireland \\?LS,) — this, I think, by the rules of war, has, in all armies, been held amutiny, and the soldiers guilty of such misconduct, or at least, the authors and directors of it, have been punished with death. Here, that they may be sure it shall mutiny to purpose, and not disband, according to the resolutions of Parliament ; they put them not only to peti- tion in this mutinous way,but todesirc impossibilities, as TW* lUtus says, Non ut assequerentur, sed causam sedilionif not to rest satisfied with former ordinances,and thegeneral care taken for ail who had served in these unhappy wars, but to demand a particular Act of Indemnity with his Majesty's approbation ; — not that they cared for him, or meant ever to see him again in power to enact any thing, which their proceedings since have made clear to all men's understand- ings (though some discerned it very well to be their prin- ciple and their drift from the beginning) but they knew this would take-up time, could not possibly be so soon done, and would elude all endeavours of disbanding. So for auditors to go and cast-up their accounts, was the work of many months, and a strange demand for thU godly, obedient. Army to make, who, by their own sayings, were not luerceuary, but had taken-up arms in judgement and conscience, and out of love and duty to the Parliajiient, not for their pay. Their other demand is as good, and is as much as to say, that the Parliament should send none of them for Ireland', — they who were the Parlianuiit's Army, who, as Mr. Cromwell made us believe, would go, with a word, to any part of the World, whither the Par- liament would please to send them ; and therefore the other Armies, and Major-Gcneral Massey's forces, must • be f It. i f-j .,», I, "836 Memoirs of Denz'il Lord Hollh, be cashiered, (these who certainly would have gone) to make V ay for their entertainment. These now, who had received the pay of the Kingdom so long ; — the sole Army, (which, like Pharaoh*^ lean kine, had eaten all the rest, and had the sword of the Parliament singly and wholly in their hands,) stand upon terms, and will not be compel- led to go, that is, will jnot go ; for they know that none is compelled for Ireland, nor was there any thought of it, since many were willing to engage in that war, who were "•" not so in this. But this was enough to possess the army , ■ with a prejudice against the employment, and against the intentions and proceedings of Parliament. 75. This Petition, and other of their practices, so in- terrupted the business, that our Commissioners, at their return, informed both Houses of it, who yet were so tender, of conccivhig, or expressing, any great dislike of the contrivers and pronioters of the Petition, for obstruct- ing the service of Ire/mid^ and distempering the army, and that those who had but been drawn in it, should not find themselves lessened in their good opinion, who re- ThcParliaments«rui- solved to pasi by all, and punish none, except such as BP for some of tiic should mutinously persist in the promoting of it. They eliiccrs that were llio ^ im • / r ..i /r- It. .. l j most forward in tl;c ^^"^ likewise up tor some of the officers that had more notoriously appeared therein, and, in discouraging, and abusing theni, who offered themselves in the Irish ser- vice: Whose miscarriage, though it was very gross, and the answers of some of them at the House of Commons- bar, mere collusion and equivocation, ("as by name, lieutenant-Colonel Pride's, who being charged with causing the Petition to be read at the head of his regi<» ment, denied it stoutly, because, it seems, it was but at the head of every company, the regiment not be- ing drawn-up together) notwithstanding all this, the House willing to bury what was past, and hoping it would have gained them tc better obedience for the future, sent them down again, rather with respect than otherwise, acquiescing with their denial. And this very act of cle- mency was turned against them ; and, afterwards, when the army came to do their work, barefaced, no longer to excuse, but justify that Petition, nay, make the Parlia- ir.ent criminous lor questioning it ; they upbraided the House niutiny. -Xpril 10, 16 17. Hut acquicsc ill tlicir k.kvc denial of the Avt. gone) to who had le Army, the rest, wholly in compel- t none is ht of it, vho were he army ainst the s, so in- , at their were so dislike of obstruct- le army, lould not who re- : such as t. They lad more ring, and Irish ser- ;ross, and ommons- y name, jed with his regi^ was but L not bc- this, the J it would e future, otherwise, ;t of cle- ds, whe;i longer to e Parlia- aided the Hou&e ' Memoirs of Denzil Lord HotUs. ^ 25 Y House with sending-up for the officers from their charge, when they had nothing to say to theni. • ^ ' , 76. The necessity of disbanding, more ?uid more ap- . pearing, it hastens the resolutions for it ; whereupon, it was ordered, that officers and soldiers, should have six They then order six weeks pay of their arrears, and so be disbanded ; and J''^^'" P^y ^^ ^^ "cnt those that would be taken-in for Ireland, to have six weeks that they iSe ^disl more advance. The Parliament, at first, pitched upon handed. April 27, no greater sum, it being the highest that had yet been J^nd* six weeks pay given to any. Major-general ii/rtwcT/** brigade, which more to those who had been much longer without pay,' and had done better 'jJj^'yS"^ ^ml'''^''''^' service, had no more. The other armies, under my Lord Essex's and Waller's oi Essex, and Sir William ffaller, which, likewise, had ^™'7,,,^,^*' , ''"*,* done more work, the chief-and-main of it all, as having disbanding! ""^ ^ ^ '* had a stronger force to grapple with, and yet had receiv- ed less wages, were put-off' with a fortnight's pay. This made the Parliament think this proportion sufficient ; yet, afterwards, they, of themselves, increased it to two- months, which was more than any had before. Sup- 'riie Parliamentsoon posing then, there would be no question nf a compliance, w^^ek^ paTto ' two '' they proceed to perfect what was further necessary for months. "May 14, the supply of //e/fl/zc^, znd ssSety o( England. 1617. 77. For England, they appointed what regiments of 'l'l>c Parliament pro- horse and dragoons shall stand, settle the garrisons, name y|!,^„y for England,'* Sir Tiwrnas Fairfax General of all the forces under pay: April s, 161?. which was sufficient honour for him for the service he had done ; and shewed that they had no meaning to dis- miss those with reproach who had served them, as they were falsely sciuidalized. 78. For Ireland, they make Serjeant- major General And for lrc|nud. Skijij>un, Commander in Chief, with the title of Field- marshal, and Major-general Massej/, Lieutenant-general ol the horse ; recommend it to the Committee at Derby- home, It) prepare all things necessary for the I'urwarding of that service, and draw-off such oi the army as were willing to go. For the distemperr. there continued, those who had declared themselves willing to go Id Ireland, being atiVoiited, discouraged, and many of them debaucht from that service. 7i). 'I'his v,aR faiihfuUy performed by the Commiitce, that is, by part of it ; for some of them, (as the Sollici- tov*, Cio7:nte:/, Iv.r ^-Irtliur IJoslerii^f-diKi tho^v of their April 2, 10I7. Olivci Faiiit John. ga"S) Tile Cdtiimiltec of I'ailiaiiiiiit sends Co- lonel Jonps, with soirc rcginu.tits, to Ireland* Aptil S, lOir 238 Memoirs of Denzil Lord Hollli, Tlte officers incense liic Miklicis a^uiii>.t the I'ailiaiiiciit. gang) would not attend, but theothers did. And, if I may speak it without vanity, it being one of the great crimes with which the eleven Members stand charged, by their care and industry they put the whole business into such a way, not only doing their best endeavours to have sent- over the forces that should have gone-out of the army,but sending-over others also, (as Colonel Jones^ and those re- giments which went to Dublin,) and supplying, in the best manner they could, my Lord Inchiqueen, and those forces which were there before, with such necessaries as they could provide, that, by the blessing of God, the founda- tion was laid for all the good which has since befallen that Kingdom, and for the great advantages which those gal- lant men have gotten upon the Rebels, notwithstandng the little assistance they have since received, having, in truth, been rather hindered than helped; for every body knows the Malice which is borne them, by that party which now bears sway, what discouragements my Lord luchiqueen has laboured under, and the small regard that has been had to Colonel Jones, Yet they have subsisted, and not only preserved, but advanced very much, the English interest, with honour to themselves, and shame to these unworthy men, who are so little sensible of the conditions of the poor Protestants there, preferring their particular revenge, and prosecution of their damnable end, before all that is of honour and jiistice, and either of duty to God and their Country, or compassion to their distressed brethren. 80. The officers, in the mean-time, play their parts below, in the army. They had already engaged the sol- diers to stand upon pay, an Act of Indemnity, and some other immunities ; — plausible things, to make them, all of a-piece, enter into a kind of a league and combination one with another, and so become fit to receive any other impression, and unite upon it. Therefore, now they go a step further, to incense them against the Parliament, misrepresenting all passages and proceedings to them, as if the intention were to force them for Iwhndy and there- fore, starve them, or dismiss them with shame, and ex- pose them to question and trouble for what they had done in the wars ; so engaging them to persist upon iheir de- mands in that Petition, and ask repaiatif n of the Parlia- ment, Mimoirs 6f DenzU Lord Holiii, 339 if I may It crimes by their nto such ave sent- irmy,but those re- i the best }Se forces as they founda- illen that hose gal- ndng the in truth, ly knows hich nowr queen has been had not only interest, unworthy ' the poor engc, and that is of and their hrcn. leir parts i the sol- and some them, all mbination any other w they go irliament, them, as md thcre- , and ex- had done iheir de- le Parha- mcnt, ment, for wrong done them, Ly the Commissioners, sent down for the business of Ireland, and other Members of the House, whom they had characterized to be enemies to the Army : whereby they put them into such a distemper, as all thoughts of duty and obedience Were cast-off, nothing so odious as the Parliament, nothing would satisfy but revenge. 81. When they had wrought the feat, Sir Thomas Fair/ax himself came to London, upon pretence of taking physick ; Cromwe/l, Ireto n , Fleetwood, Rainsboroughf^ffho were Members of the House of Commons, as well as principal officers of the Army, keep the House, that the Soldiers might be left to themselves to fire the more, run- up to extremes, and put themselves into a posture to carry-on their work of Rebellion with a high and violent hand, which had been so handsomely done : for either they must have appeared in it and joined with the Sol- diers, which had been too gross, or have stopped it in the beginning, crushed the Serpent in the Egg, which had been most easy, but was contrary to their design. So now they give the business time to foment, and the Re- bellion to grow to some head, that afterwards, when they should come auiongst them, (for they could not but ex- pect the Parliament would send them down) they might seem to be carried with the violence, and to give some way for preventing greater inconveniences, and to keep them from extremities till the Monster was formed, and got to that strength, as to protect itself and them ; v-'hen thty might, v.iiljout danger, declare for it ; which they afterwards did. In the mean time disclaiming it, blaming the S'jidiers at that distance (as Cromwell did openly in the House, protecting, for his part, he would stick to the Pailiaineni) whilst under-hand they sent them encourage- ments and directions; for nothing was done there, but by advice and countenance from London^ where the whole business was so 1:UlI, the Rebellion resolved uj)on, and the ofFicers that were in town so deeply enL;aij,ed, that when the lull time was come tor puttijig thnigs in exe- cution, my friend Cromne/l, who had been sent-dovvn by the Parliament to do good otlices, was come- up agam without doing any, ana he, who had made those solemn pubiickprDiejiu: ions, with some ^reat imprecations on him- self. The great officers of the army stay away from it, to give the disorders there time to increase. And ontwardlv i)iame the soldiers, but uiuicrhand cu- coiu'u;^u them. (^oniwcli is sent to iIh! aimy to pncify thcin, hut returns tu Loiuldii without liiiiiL; it ; (but tliis is sDiiic time aftor- Nvauls. See i)aj;. 'V 1^, art. Hj, 240 Memoirs ofDenzil Lord HolUs* ^i:% H'-^^ ''^' 't ••'!' Then goff-down •gaiu to the umy. The ainiy the council laiors. Way 11, l64r. sets- tip of Agi- self, if he failed in his performance, did, notwithstanding, And soon after con. privily convey thence his goods (which many of the In- SS^""**"^""" dependents likewise did, leaving City and Parliament as marked-out for destruction) and then, without leave of . the House (after some Members, missing him, and fearing him gone, had moved to have him sent-for; whereupon he, being, as it seems, not yet gone, and having notice of it, came and shewed himself a little in the House) did steal- away that evening ; — I may say, run- away post, down to the Army, and presently join in the subscription of a rebel- lious Letter, whereof I shall speak anon. But let him take heed those imprecations fall not upon him, which many times God remembers, and takes men at their word, meeting with them in their dissembling wishes, when them, selves least think of them, perhaps have forgot that ever they made them. This by the way. 82. For the present the thing pitched-upon was to 5et- iip a kind of Council (like the supreme Council of the Irish Rebels, but that those, were, most of them, persons of birth and degree, these ex/o'ce populi) under the name of /Agitators. Two (as I take it) were chosen out ot every regiment; at first, I think, but common Soldiers (though afterwards some officers were added J to transact tliis busi- ness. These now, forsooth, seem to acknowledge no officer, but to rule and dispose of all things as ttiey think good. They lake into consideration, what Is fit to be done, what not, and give their orders accoiuingly, exa- mine and censure the Orders and Votes cf Parliament, receive all com.plaints, give the redress, send-out their Warrants and Commands, write their letters, exercise a general power over all, set-up a new form of government in the Army, and in the end are instrumental to their masters to possess themselves of his IVbjc-ty's person, subdue Parliament, City and Kingdom, and be revenged upon all those, who had formerly given ai.y disfuibancc, to the carrying-on of their design, till such time as the work was done, which they had set t hem to do. Jlut then Mr. Cromtvcl/f and his oflicers, rouKl r;ivc a stop to their proceedings. And when the Agitaiois ilmuglir to do as formerly, and finish, whit, they were made to believe, should be the Catas;roiJ,e of their Tr;i'3;v.dy, which was th€f Memoirs of Den»l Lord Hollit, 941 5tard?ng, ■ the In- ament as leave of d fearing upon he, ice of it, did steal- down to fa rebel- i let him ni, which leir word, len them, that ever as to 5ct- 11 of the persons of e name of of every ^ (though this biisi- .'Icdge no ihey ihink lit to be ngly, exa- arliament, •out their exercise a )vernment :il to their *s person, revenged sfuvbancc, line as the Hut then i|) to their It to do as o bdievc, whioh was thcr the destruction of the King, and alteration of the Go- vernment, Counsels not being at that time so disposed, nor the time ripe for the execution, they soon found theii? locks were cut, and (the influence of their superiours ceasing:) their strength failed, so as they brought but; confusion to themselves. Three of the chief were con- demned to die for mutiny: but Cromu;^//, (being a merciful Prince), would take but one; who was shot to death ; the rest were reduced to subjection and obedience, their Coun-> cil-Table dissolved, and their castles in the air vanished in- to smoke. But these things felUout long after ; at the pre- sent time they triumph, act all, and dnve'-on the design ; Cromwell and his fellows standing behind the curtain, laughM in their sleeves, and pleased themselves to see the game which they had packt, play so well. 83. The first act of these new Rulers, was a Letter The Agitators setul sent to their three principal Officers, (who were then in » sedhiou* letter to London ; and, innocent persons, God knows! knew nothing ^" *°*" '* of all thisj) Sir Thomas Fairfax, Lieutenant-General CromM;e//, and Serjeant -Major-General pon* For this last, to do him right, I think that, at that time, he was, in- deed, innocent; but afterwards, (I must avow it, ) he, (to- \ gether with the help of Mr. Mar* W, a minister,) con- tributed more to the success of their villanies, ( betraying , the Parliament and City into their hands,) than all that Cromwell, the Sollicitor, Jreton, and the rest of the crew, ._ .^ did or could do. And, no question, he will be sufficiently rewarded for it by them ; for they are good at it to pay dear out of the publick Store for any man's conscience, that will be sold, and may be useful to them. 84. This Letter was an exclamation against the Parlia- The Coatents of th« ment, containing false and untrue complaints of wrongs said Letter, done to the Soldiers at Assizes in the Counties, and a protestation against the Irish Expedition, calling it a design to break the Army, and declaring, if any of these three Commanders should engage, their averseness to it (though one of them, Skippon, was by the Parlia- ment appointed, and had accepted it), and, in plain Eng> lish, saying that they would not disband, nor receive any other propositions from the Parliament, till their expecta- tions were satisfied. Three of the Agitators brought this Letter, and H/iippon acquainted the House with it. A They 242 Memoirs of Denzil Lord Hollts. ■*.H W ■'•' They were then sent-for into the House, and carried them- selves at the Bar in a slighting, braving, manner, refusing to answer such questions as the Speaker, by order of the House, put to them; saying, " they were employed by the Army, and could not, without leave from thence, discover any thing." Many of the House, resenting this high af- front, were earnest to have them severely punished ; but that party stood as stiffly for them, insomuch, that the worthy Burgess of A^eiicfls//*?, i^r. fFarmivorth, stood-up, and said " he would have them committed, indeed ; but it should be to the best Inn of the Town, and with good sack and sugar provided for them ;" which was as ridiculous as it was a bold and insolent scorn, put upon the Parliament At last, even Mr. Skippon himself excused them, saying "that they were honest men, and that he wisht they might not be too severely dealt- with:** whereupon the House flatted, let them go without punishment, and, by this tameness, en- creased their madness and presumption. Whereas, had they served them as Mr. Crowuell afterwards did their fellows, that is hanj^ed one of them (they all well deserv- ing it) it might probably have given a stop to their career, and prevented a great deal of mischief, which has since befallen the Kingdom by their means. 85. All that we did (whether it was fate or design, I know not; but it proved our ruin:) was to command down of'tlielHouse.To The to the Army, the officers that were Members of the House, army, to quiet the such as were in town, and the General himself. I say, I hoidicr». know not, if there were a design in it ; because afterwards, upon just such another occasion, we sent Sir Henry Vane the younger, lAr.Scawen, and some others; which I am sure was a thing laid ; and this wrought the same effect as that did, even put the different branches of the Army together, the better to contrive and lay their business, join- ing the counsels of the Officers to the actings of the Agita- tors, so to hatch that horrid Rebellion, which soon after broke-out, to the utter ruin (if God's hand of mercy in- terpose not) of the Parliament and Kingdom. They were sent to allay the tlistenipers, and to prevent inconveniences. But, how tJK y discharged that trust, will soon appear. Ruf tiiev eiKouri-f ^^\ ^"^^'^^ "^^ d i.*^ countenancing, reproving, and 'sup- iiir muriiij-. " prtiising, that disposition to mutiny, — that standing upon lermv The Parliament «erijts the ( fficers. Pi \ I \ d them- refusing r of the d by the discover high af- ed ; but that the tood-up, d ; but it ood sack lousasit nent At ng *'that It not be atted, let ?ness, en- reas, had did their U deserv- >ir career, has since design, I and down he House, I say, I fterwards, enry Vane hich I am le effect as the Army iness, join- the Agita- soon after mercy in- They were iveniences. t appear. J, and sup- iding upon Memoirs of Denzil Lord Hotlis. terms with the Parliament, — those meetings and consulta- tions, by which the ill-humour was nourished ; — and, in- stead, of persuading them to a fitting obedience and sub- mission; — and laying the regiments farther asunder from each other, to lessen and abate the contagion; — ihey gave them occasion to encrease their distempers and give ^'icm vent,byaskingthem '* what they will have," calling th^ offi- cers together, and sending them to their several regiments to be informed of their designs; and, by drawing them to- gether (when already so indisposed and inflamed,) inflame themthe more. Astrangeway of quieting an Army that was in a way to Rebellion and had begun to set-up a newgovem- ment amongst themselves by their Agitators ; — which sped accordingly, and produced the eflfect that they desired, a representation of grievances ; in which the whole Army now joined and engaged, except some few gallant men, both Officers and Soldiers, who detested those proceedings. 87. This representation is brought-up to the House by Lieutenant General Cromwell, and Colonel Fleetwood, who had the faces to say (just as the representation be- gins), that the Army was quiet and free from any visible distemper: which was only to amuse us. But then it ex- postulates with the Parliament the making of the fore- mentioned Declaration, and the sending-for up, and ques- tioning, those persons who had been complained-of, for obstrucdng the service of Ireland ; justifies them ; laxes the Commissioners of Parliament, and other Members of the House, for doing ill offices to the Army ; and stands upon all the particulars of the first Petition. 88. The House was very much dissatisfied with these proceedings, and, if ever it denied itself, did it then : for it was, willing to give the Army satisfaction, in all things possible, to tree the Kingdom of that burden ; even dis- pensing with their-own honours. 89. They pass several ordinances for indemnity, free- ing from pressing, the relief of maimed soldiers, widows, and orpiians, with such alterations and amendments as the Army desired. Concerning the proportion of pay, upon disbanding, which was eight weeks, they conceived it could not be enlarged, in regard of the great present ex- pence, to which they were necessitated tor the supply of R 2 Jre- 343 The Army sends-up a repi esentation of grlsvances. The parliament complies with the army in several pv- ticularg. But refuse to in- crease their pay upon disbanding. 244 Memoirs of Denzil Lord Hollts, W 111 5 And appoint a rcn. dezvous to each regj> nient, to be there disbanded. i ■ ■ And send a commit. tee to assist in the disbanding. And m&ke proper provision for paying the army their arrears. The army refusei to be disbanded. June 1, 1647. Ireland ; That the two hundred thousand pounds, which for those two occasions were then borrowed of the City of London^ would scarce serve. " 90. Therefore, upon these terms both Houses con- cluded for the disbanding, begin with the foot, and appoint to every regiment, as they lay quartered, a rendezvous at some Town near, where they were to lay-down their Arms, receive their money, and have passes to their seve- ral homes.' Those that would engage for Ireland, to march to some other place near hand, there to receive Ad* vance-money and further Orders. 9 1 . The several ordinances and orders were sent to Sir Thomas Fairfax^ who then had his head-quarters at •Bury ; and two Lords and four Commoners were ^o pointed Commissioners, to repair to the several places ap* pointed for disbanding, with Money, and directions to see the service performed, and to assist Sir Thomas Fairfax in it, who was desired to issue-out his orders, for the regi' ments drawing to those places. 92. Then it was referred to a Committee of the Army, to put into a way, the stating of the accounts, both of Officei^ and Soldiers ; and where more than two months appeared to be due, the Commission-Officer was to re* ceive his debentur, from the Committee and Treasurer of the Army, it being appointed where he should be paid. The inferior Officer and common Soldier was to have his security upon the Excise. Let any man now judge, if the Army had any cause to complain, if all was not done, that, with any colour of reason and modesty, could be expected. 93. Our Commissioners, who were the Earl of War* wick, the Lord De la Ware, Sir Gilbert Gerard, Mr» Grimston, and two others, went to Chelmsford, the first of June, the rendezvous appointed foi the General's regi- ment, whither the Lieutenant-Colonel came, Lieutenant- Colonel Jackson, an honest and gallant man, with a reso- lution to conform to the Order of Parliament ; but a command comes from the General to the regiment, to march another way, for drawing the quarter near together. 94. For, upon the SDth of Mai/, when the votes were sending-down for disbanding. Sir Thomas Fairfax had ' w called , which he City es con- appoint :vous at rn. their ;ir seve* landt to live Ad* It to Sir rters at rere aqp- laces ap« ns to see Fairfax the regi- e Army, , both of ) months IS to re- ["reasurer , be paid, have his ge, if the lot done, could be of War' ard, Mr. he first of ral's regi- eutenant- th a reso- t; but a iment, to ' together, otes were irfax had called Memoirs of Deinil Lord HolUs, called a Council of War, of the factious officers (the honest officers, who were for submitting to the Parlia- ment, and a quiet disbanding, having before been most of them abused, and forced-away by the violence of the Sol- diers, and commands of the Agitators, he conniving at it) where they resolve upon an humble advice to his Excel- lency, '* That, since their grievances were not at all satisfied, and jealousies were very great, it would not be safe to dis- band, but rather to drawthe Army into a close posture (there being a great propensity in the Soldiers to a general rendez- vous) and then resume the consideration of the grievances, and of the Votes for disbanding, and to suspend, for the present, any proceedings upon these votes ;'* which advice his Excellency follows. So the Parliament commands to disband, Sir Thomas to march-away, and draw to a ren- dezvous: Fit he should be obeyed. 95. At the very same time. Colonel Rainsborough does the like with his regiment, which was at Petersfield in Hampshire^ designed for Jersey, and so far upon the way; himself continuing at London to attend the House of Commons, ( of which he was a Member, ) and pretending to prepare for that employment, which had been entrusted to him ; but, in truth, with an intention to give his Sol- diers an opportunity to mutiny, as the rest of the Army did; who, to give them the more time for it, would not present- ly acquaint the House with the intelligence he had received of their disorder, but, having received the news of it in the morning, kept it to himself, till towards the evening, (even denying his knowledge of any such thing, ) when Sir Wil' Ham Leivis informed the House of it, and about five or six o'clock in the afternoon (the House then, by accident* being still sitting, as these deportments of the Army gave them cause sufficient) spoke of it, and said they were in a great distemper, and resolved not to march to the sea-side, but to return to Oxford ; whereupon, being sent-down to quiet them, and reduce them to obedience, he went imme- diately, but put himself at the head of them, and, instead of taking care for Jersey j marched to Oxford first, and so to the Army ; and none was more violent in the Rebellion than he: for which gobd service, and joining with the Agita- tors in their highest exorbitances, for the destruction of the King, and altering of the Government,and particularly in a R $ Petition 245 Sir Thotnas Fairfax calls a Council of War consisting »f factious oHicers, who advise him to disobey the order of Parlia- ment concerning the disbanding a part of the Army ; and he complies with this advice. May 29, 1647. Colonel Rainsbo- rough acts in disobe- dience to the orders of Parliament. ( 246 Memoirs ofDcnzil Lord Tlollia. N. B. m 5erson of the King. lune 4, 1647. lA Petition for taking-away the House of Lords, the House of Commons afterwards made him Vice-Admiral. And the Lords, to the eternizing their honour for their gentle, tame dispositions, consented. The army seize the 96. But one thing was yet wanting fas they thought) " for the carrying-on their design, and amusing the poor people of Eng/and, with an expectation of their settling a Peace, so to make them sir-still and loolc-on, whilst they trs^mpled upon Parliament, City and Kingdom ; which was to be possest of the King*s person, and make the world believe, they would bring him up to his Parliament, and set him on his throne. For this, it seems, a, meeting was appointed at Lieutenant-General Cromwcll'St upon the thirtieth of May, where it is resolved, *' That Cornet Joi/ce should, with a party of horse, go to Holmbij, and seize upon his Majesty;" which is presently executed, and it is given-out, that others had the like design, which they had prevented. At first it must seem only to be the act of Mr. Joyce ; Cromwell protested that he knew nothing of it ( though he was the man that appointed it to be done, as appears by what has been recited, taken-out of some of their own authors, one that calls himself Sirrah Nihoy and others); Sir Thomas Fairjdx "writes a letter to the House, professes the same for himself, as in the presence of God, with a large undertaking for the rest of his offi- cers, and the body of the Army. And, perhaps, he said true} I would fain be so charitable as to believe it; nor indeed do I think the good man is privy to all their plots ; he must have no more than what they are pleased to carve and chew for him; but must swallow all, and own them, when they come abroad. Here then they have the King, Joi/ce drives-away the guards, forces Colonel Greaven to fly, whom else they threatened to kill, (for no man's life must stand in their way, murder being no sin in the visible Saints) carrics-away his Majesty, and the Commissioners that attend him, prisoners; and immediate- ly sends-up a letter to certify what he had done, with direc- tions that it should be delivered to Cromtvell,2ind, if heis ab- sent, toSir-<^rMMr^a4/tr/g',or, to Colonel Fleetwood'f which Letter was given to Colonel Fleetwood^ as one Lieutenant Markham informed the House, saying, that the messenger that .1 ' Memoirs of Dcnzil Lord Ilol/is, 247 s House And r gentle, thought) the poor settling lilst they which nake the rliament, I meeting H's» upon at Cornet mbij, and :uted, and fhich they the act of thing of it e done, as if some of Tff/t Nihoy tter to the le presence of his offi- kps, he said :ve it ; nor their plots , pleased to \, and own y have the s Colonel ill, (for no sing no sin f, and the iinmediate- with direc- lyifheisab- ood'f which Lieutenant messenger that that brought it told him so : nor did Sir Aillmr F-laslerig make a clear answer, when he was asked concerning it in the House : Colonel Fleetwood being at that time gone to the army, so that he could not be examined. 97. By this trick, they hope to catch the people, and so find no resistance to their traiterous proceedings : yet they will not trust only to juggling; they will play a sure game, and have power in their hands to go through the work, and make their way, if it will not be given. There- fore, the army must be put into a posture for it. They have the soldiers already ; they must have artillery and ammuni" tion ; so, at the same meeting, Cromwell, likewise, appoints Joyce (as the same authors relate) to repair to Oxford^ se- cure thatgarrison,the magazine,and traiuof artillery;which had there lain many months, the army having had nothing to do, and so no use for it; and which, therefore, the Parlia- ment had then ordered 10 bereaioved and brought-back to the Tower, the place where all stores are kept. But those who were sent-down by the Parliameut for that purpose, were, by these Mutineers beaten and woutidod, the ma- gazine aad train kept-away by force, and, besides, some three, or four, thousand pounds, in munoy, taken from them, which they had carried-di)wn for div«.bandingof the regiment there in garrison. And now, they think they have all in their ov\n hands, the fish is caught, they may throw-away the net. They begin, therefore, to appear in their own colours ; Cromwell^ Irettmt with the rest of the cabal, and Sir Thomas Fairfax, ill the last place (who, though he be General, is not to lead, but will be sure to follow close) may now lay-aside their innocency and their ignorance, (for all this while they knew nothing) and put themselves in the head oi the Agitators, own all they have done, and, at Trii>loc Heath, near CambridgCi appoint a general rendezvous^ there to declare themselves, and avowedly enter into the Confederacy. 96. At this rendezvous, was framed that solemn en- gagement, wherein, they say, they look upon the reso- lutions of the Parliament tor their disbanding, as pro- ceeding from malicious aud mischievous principles and intentions, and not without carnal and bloody purposes. That, therefore, they are resolved not to appear at the R * places The army seizoi the magaiine at Oxford, ana a sum of money sent-down thither by the Parliament. The great Officers openly join with the rest of the army. And appoint a gene- ral rendezvous at Triploe-heath. June 10, 1647. And then all the army enter into a so- lemn engagement not to be dishunded till their gricvuticet arc redressed. i 348 mn HI And send another representation of frievances to the 'arliament. June ]5, 1647. In which they com- {lain of some Mem- en of Parliameot. ' •« . * Memoirs of Dgnxil Lord Hollis* places thereto appointed, and then declare, agree, aiid promfse, to, and with each other, That, till they have such satisfaction, in all their grievances, and such secu- rity, for the future, as shall be agreed-on at a council, consisting of the General officers, with two commission- officers, and two soldiers, to be chosen for each regiment, they will not disband or divide, nor suffer themselves to be disbanded or divided. And, this is one result of that meeting of the godly, obedient. Army, — this the fruit of the new Model, and of all the great undertakings of that Man of God (as his disciples call him) Lieutenant-gene- ral Cromivell, in their behalf. 99. They likewise frame there another submissive bu- siness, which they called an humble representation of the dissatisfaction of the army, in relation to the late reso- lution for so sudden disbanding, where they are more large in their humble cudgelling of the Parliament, and do it to that purpose, with a scorn of all that had been of- fered to their satisfaction, say. The private soldiers will not regard what is behind of pay after disbanding, im- plying all must be had, require further security for the officers arrears, as forest-lands, and the revenues of cathe- drals, quarrel with the Ordinances past for indemnity, exemption from pressing, &c. expostulate about the de- claration against their seditious Petition, yet standing in force, demand reparation for questioning their mutinous officers, and will have it against those Members of the House who had done but their duty, and discharged their consciences, in that particular; declare plainly, that, though all their grievances were duly considered, it were nothing, except those persons were censured, calling them men or desperate principles, incendiaries, that must not continue to be their judges, that is, must not sit in Parliament, and much more of this nature, which, in contempt, they send-up to the House. These are they who fight for privilege of Parliament, — who have made a Covenant with God and Man so to do ; and well they perform it j those they mislike must be thrust-out by head and shoulders; and, such as remain, if they be not obedient lo them, shall be served with the same sauce : And, this is to make a free Parliament. Was there ever a more ii^ h Memoirs ofDenzil Lwd Hollis, 249 ee, and ey have h secu- council, nission- giment, elves to ; of that fruit of of that nt-gene- sive bu- »n of the ite reso- re more 3nt, and been of- liers will ing, im- f for the of cathe- demnity, t the de- riding in nutinous rsof the ged their ly, that, , it were ling them must not lOt sit in vhich, in are they e made a Bvell they 5t-out by ey be not le sauce : here ever a more a more perfidious breach of duty ; did Rebellion itself ever cut-do it, can any man think ? Yet, let us go a little further vt^ith them, and we shall see greater abomU nations than these. , 100. All this while they seemed to desire only thinsR Ilithnrto the arm^ concerning themselves, though very unfittingly and wick* ''"'* e«nfi»ed their jiLur J ^ i ^ 4J1 coinnlalnti to mat- edly, both for matter and manner ; yet, not to meddle terti relating to them- with any thing else, concerning settling the business of the mIvai. kingdom, which, in many messages and declarations, they still protested against, saying (as Sir Thomas Fair/ax wrote-up from Cambridge) That, whatever was suggested or suspected, they would leave all such matters to the wisdom of the Parliament. But now, Tempora mutati' But now they under- lur ; they have power in their hands, and the Kingdom Ijl*® H[J"*{j 'j?° *** shall feel it; the Parliament shall not only give them what they will have, but do what they will have done, or smart for.it. They make the world believe, that they will set the King on his Throne and in possession of his Rights, and establish the People in their Liberties, and the Parlia* ment in its Duty ; and a Golden Age is like to folloWi , ;• 101. To this end they march-up in a hostile way tO> They draw nearer («* wards London, bring his Majesty along with them from tendon, and tend a Roijslon. Sir Thomas Fairfax, Cromwell, Ireton, and the HlMlayTind rest of the officers, write a letter to the Lord-Mayor^ Cor|)oration. June Aldermen, and Common Council, telling them, That ^^» '^*'» the sum of what they have desired of the Parliament, is a satisfaction to their demands as soldiers, a reparation up- on those.that have improved advantages (as they falsely say,) by false suggestions, and niisrepresentations, to the destruction of the army, and endeavoured to engage the Kingdom in a new war. That the things they insist upon« as Knglishmen, are a settlement of the peace of the King- dom, and the Liberties of the Subject, which, they say^ they have as much right to demand as their money, or other common interest of soldiers, and that the honest people of England are full of the sense of ruin and mi- sery, should they disband before. That, for the ob- taining of these things, they are drawing near the City, , ^ . and declare, That, if the City appear not against them» . . • . . nor provoke them, they will give them no offence { butf ' if they do, they call God to witness they arc free, and h-.' 250 Memoirs o/Denzil Lord Hollis. and have washed-off the ruin which will befal it : that . - they will lose all, rather than not be righted of the men they aim at; therefore desire, that, like fellow-subjects, and brethren, the Citizens would sollicit the Parliament in their behalf. J 02. Here they first take upon them openly to inter- meddle with the business of the Kingdom, contrary to all their former Declarations and Protestations. But neither their words, nor yet their vows, were ever any rule to know their meaning by : as Hammond told the King, concerning Crowwe)/, so is it with all those visible Saints. Have they promised,vowed, sworn, never so much, called God and Man to witness? Yet, if the condition of their Catholick Cause so alter, that what they hive so promised and s\^om, be no longer expedient for them, a pretended enthusiasm, anew light, shall give them a dispensation, and they will do the clean contrary ; yet, all out of tender- . npss of conscience. Well, they are now in strength and power, and will make use of it to turn all upside-down. The reientment of JOS. The poor Parliament, all this while, is sitting the Parliament upon ^p^^ addle-eggs, take a greal deal of pains, like children, the news of the Ar- ^ 60 » o r ' .- • . r ? m^'kdiiobedieiicc. to build castlcs or cards ; but, a pun from their faithful army blows it all down. It is true, that, at first, upon re- , . turn of their Commissioners, who were sent-down to disband, and had brought them an account of the scorn put upon them;*— how, instead of the regiments coming to the rendezvous appointed, a command from Sir Thomas Fair/fl* fetched them clear another way ;~how the train of artillery was seized-upon at 0.yford ; the money which should ha've disbanded a regiment, wastaken-away by force; and the servants, whom they had employed, were beaten and wounded {—-this did, with good reason, startle them ; many of the Members expressed a sharp and severe sense of it ; the House was taking vigorous and honourable resolution ; though opposed with might and main by all the Independent Party, who prevailed but little, being now a known, engaged, Faction, till Serjeant Maior- A speech of Cenfial general Shippon stood-up, (a Presbyterian; one who had Skip|K)n'»disheartcn8 seemed to dislike those factious ways, before his last go- ing-down to the army ; who was nominated Commander iu Chief for the Irish expedition, had received a gift of a ' thousand thenu Memoirs of Denzil tard Hollis, 251 1 it: that f the men subjects, rliameut ia y to inter- Lrary to all ut neither ny rule to the King, ble Saints, uch, called on of their promised 1 pretended spensation, t of tender- rength and de-down. ?, is sitting tee children, heir faithful St, upon re- nt-down to if the scorn mts coming iSir77iom«* )w the train loney which I'ay by force; vere beaten artle them ; severe sense honourable main by all littlcy being ant Maior- nc who had his last go- Hommaiider d a gift of a thousand thousand pounds, by way of encouragement to go^ but now was willing enough to stay at home with it ;) he, for- s ijoth, in a grave way, with a doleful countenance, and lamentable voice, makes a long speech to exhort them to moderation, and to bear with the InBrmities of a zealous, conscientious, army , which had done so much good service. Therefore, it was his opinion, we should humble our- selves before God, appoint a day of fasting, and do those things which the army desired, give them their full pay, alter the Ordinalice according as they proposed ; and, he was persuaded in his conscience, they would then be satisfied : however, they were not to be provoked ; for they . ' were a formed body, which would be upon us before we were aware. This knocked us on the head, especially his last argument, a demonstration tS 'on ; so it is, " they are strong, they will fall upon you j" Timorous men, (as he knew many of those were whom he had to deal-with,) could make no reply to it. 104. But had he done his duty, given warning of those preparations and intentions sooner, when he was below with the Army so long, and could not choose but discern it, the House would not have been so surprised, and would have provided against it in time : but now fear took away the use of reason. They looked i^on the Army as even at their doors, Hannibal adportasy and all of them children of ^inah, armed giants, not to be re- sisted. 105. Whereas, in truth, there was no such cause of The fear. As they in the Army had more cause, (carrying ^'ght about them so much guilt,) so I am confident they had as great a share of apprehension. But they presumed upon their agents among us ; as they knew we had such per- sons with us, both in Parliament and City, who would betray us, possessed with the like evil spirit as Ahab's prophets were ; we should prevail, otherwise we were not m so despicable a condition. The Parliament had not yet utterly lost their reputation ; the Image of .Authority was not wholly defaced in them; they had a stock, entire and untouched, of 200,000/. provided for disbanding the Army,and for the service oi Ireland) a multitude of oflicers and gallant soldiers about the town, who had always ,,. . fought Parliament at first hav* resisted the Army. ^■• tst Memoirs ofDenzii Lord Holla, !*?' I 1* fought gallantly, and obeyed readily, had little reason io be in love with the Army, which had unhorsed them ; so, it is likely, would have engaged cheerfully, and done good service. The City was high in the opinion of the People for courage and resolution, firmness to the Parliament, zeal in the cause, hatred of Independency, dislike of the .Army, and a purse/ to make all good, give sinews and strength to that side with which they should close, and had particularly presented many Petitions to the House, for those very things which they were doing, and the Army only came to undo ; which were in order to a Peace, restoring the King, settling the Government both in Church and State, and giving ease and quietness to the Kingdom ; so that they were, in truth, already en- gaged with us, and waited but a summons to declare themselves, when, by this unfortunate man's interposition at that time (to whom chiefly, and to his Chaplain Mar* shal, we must attribute all the evil that has since befallen King and Kingdom) all was dashed ; instead of a gene- rous resistance to the insolencies of perfidious servants, vindicating the honour of the Parliament, discharging the trust that lay upon them to preserve a poor People from being ruined and enslaved to a rebellious Army, But too tamcty «ut>> they deliver*up themselves and Kingdom to. the will of the their enemies, prostitute all to the lust of heady and violent men, and suffer Mr. Cromwell to saddle, ride, switch, and spur, them, at his pleasure. 106. For we instantly fell as low as dirt, vote the com* mon soldier his full pay, the officers a month more (that is, in all, three months) upon disbanding or engaging for Ireland, take all our Ordinances in pieces, change and alter them according to their minds, and ( which is worst of all) expunge our Declaration against that mutinous Petition, cry Peccavimus to save a whipping ; but all would not do. 107. Insomuch that, when our Commissioners were sent-down to the Army at Triploc Heath, to give an ac- count of our dutiful compliance, they would not voiich- 8afe to hear them ; but, when they offered to read the votes, cry-out, '* Justice, Justice,*' a note that Cromwell and Ireton had taught them to sing, being done by their directions mit to it And pMiiuchvotei M they dctire. June S, 1647 The rarliament'i ConimiitiinnaiK are ill received by the army at Triploc Heath* reason to hem ; so, one good le People rliament, ke of the ews and ose, and e House, and the der to a vernment quietness ready en- 3 declare ?rposition ain Mar» i befallen f a gene- servants, ischarging lor People us Army, tvill of the leady and die, ride, • the com* nore (that jaging for liange and h is worst mutinous : all would ners were ;ive an ac* kot vouch- > read the Cromwell t by their dircctionr^ Mtnmmtf Dentil lAfdHtttU, directions, as some of their own Disciples, falling-out with them, have since discovered ; which was by Mr.- Scawen, who was one of those who were sent,reported>back to the House, in such a ghastly, fearful, manner (only to terrify us, and make us more supple) he saying, the Army was so strong, so unanimous, so resolved, as the poor Presbyterians hearts fell an inch lower, and the Independents made themselves merry with it. Then, for- sooth, the Houses must send-down Members to abide with the Army, as with a Power independent, or a third Estate, improve all advantages and opportunities, to give good impressions of the actions and intentions of the poor Parliament, and, like Benhadad*& servants, catch at any thing of comfort which might fall j these were. Sir Henry rane the yiunger, Serjeant Major-General Skippon, Mr, Scawerif and Mr. Povey, 108. In the mean time the Army is marching, draws nearer and nearer to the City, where, as well as in the Parliameilt, Men were between hopes and fears ; look- ing rpo what was done sufficient to appease them, what then i ', what they always intended for doing right to the k r > ;/ ; and, in truth, to all persons, they could not but hope as well. But seeing the postures and pro- ceedings of the other side there was more cause of fear, till at last that Letter came to the City of which I spoke before, which satisfied our doubtings ; and, when the Citizens who were sent from the Common-Council brought it to the Parliament, the horror and indignation of such an Impiety, so great a Presumption, so manifest a Rebellion, awakened us to see our danger, and mastered those fears which had been given us to awe us from re« slstance, so that both Houses and the City resolved to put themselves in a posture of defence, appointed a Com- mittee of Lords and Commons to go into the City, call the Committee of the Militia of London to them, and jointly and severally do what was necessary for our com- mon safety. loy. The Committee went and did their parts; but they found Joab*s hand every where; the Army had so played /Itsalom, pretending an intention to settle Peace immediately, correct the exorbitancies with which the People, S5S Some Members of Parliament are tent- down to abide conti- nually with the anpy. The City is alarmed at the approach of tlie Army. And still more at the receipt of the Letter from thft Army. A Resolution is taken to defend Lotutoii ai^ainst theArmy. June 18, 1047. But I)y the artifices of the frieniU of the army in the city, it is not executed. 254 Memoirs of Demil Lord Hollis, m iHs The Army behavei »iili nieui"iiis(.;eiice tt>wjit.i:> the i'ailia- Oil. lit. People had been oppressed and abused, restore the King, with such other plausible things ; and their Agents had so industriously improved their interests, some false Bro. thers in the City, as Alderman Foulks, and Alderman Gibbs, so cunningly wrought upon mens* minds, some- times upon their fears, setting-out the strength and power of the Army, which threatened nothing but ruin ; some- times upon their hopes and desires of Peace, gilding over their proceedings, as all done in order to it ; sometimes upon the dislike of the present condition, assuring them all Taxes and Payments would by this means be taken off J sometimes upon their credulity, making them be- lieve, that those Persons whom the Army had in their eyes to remove, were not so well- affected to the publick, but had particular Ends and Designs of their own, to arm Reformadoes, and set-up the power of another Sword to rule and govern by, so to continue the miseries and bur- dens of the People : by which falshoods and jugglings, those two chiefly, like Ja.mes and Jambres, had gene- rally bewitched ihe City, and lulled it into a security, notwithstanding those, who had no other thought than to deliver their brethren and themselves from that sub- jection and vassalage to which they were then designed, and are since brought. As the Citizens resolved not to stir, but looked on to see v.H;\t this Army \yould do; some few did appear, rather to make objection, and hinder the business than help it ; and, though many good orders were made for putting the City in a posture to defend itself, none were oi)( yed : so on all hands the poor Parliament, and Kingdcm, and City itself, were beliayed, and left to the mercy of the Army, whose mercy we shall soon see was Cruelly itbclf, Injustice, Op- pression, Violence, and Rebellion in the highest degree. 1 10. They now thunder upon us with remonstrances, declarations, letters, and messages every day, command- ing one day one thing, the next day another, making us vote and unvote, do and undo; and, when they had made us do some ugly things jeer us, and say, our doing jus- tifies their desiring it, as they served us concerning all we had granted lor Pay, expunging our Declaration, passing the Ordinances for hideninily against Pressing, . ^ • .. and of th'. pe;i tht us Jipt Memoirs of Denzil Lord Hollit. 255 the King, ents had alse Bro- Mderman Is, sonic- nd power n; some- ding over lometimes ring them be taken them be- in their publick, vn, to arm Sword to IS and bur- jugglings, had gene- i security, ht than to that sub- i designed, ved not to would do; ction, and many good posture to hands the tself, were my, whose lustice, Op- ;st degree, lonstrance?, command- , making us y had made r doing jus- icerning all Declaration, St Pressing, and and the like. They tell us in their Representation of the June 14, 1647* 14th of yune. That our resuming the consideration, of these things, as to their further satisfaction, does much justify their desires and proceedings so far; and therefore j— "^ . they then proceed further, and say. They desire full and equal satisfaction, not only for themselves, but for all the , . ' soldiery throughout the Kingdom, who have concurred, or will concur, with them ; so engage all against the Parliament, and contract such a debt as hath broken the back of the Commonwealth, and now say they are not a mercenary Army to serve the arbitrary power of the State, but that they took-'up arms in judgement and con- . science (notwithstanding they have received more Pay than all the Armies in the Kingdom, and yet lived most of Spoil and free Quarter) therefore they are resolved to assert and vindicate the power and rights of the King- ^ dom, and say. That what they do is short of the pro- ceedings of other nations, to things of a higher nature than as yet they had pretended to, instancing in the iVe- ' \. therlands and Scotland, For the present they require, " - . ' that the Houses be purged ; — those who have appeared against them not to be theirs and the Kingdom's Judges ; whose names, they say, they will speedily give in ; they tell the Parliament what kind of men they will have pre- ferred to power and trust in the Commonwealth ; then (which was a crime some six weeks before, to move in Parliament and in a Parliamentary way, so as that saga- cious Gentleman, Mr. Garden, stood-up in a rage, and said it smelt of Oxford^ and it was much decried by all the crew, but is now of publick merit, and very pious, coming from their Masters the Army) they will have a determinate period of time set to this Parliament, some provision to be made for the continuance of future Par- liaments. And when his Majesty shall have given his concurrence to these and all other things that shall be proposed for the liberties of the People, the Militia, and peace of the Kingdom, then his Rights and those of his Posterity to b-- considered. They will have the Rights of the People cleared for freedom of Petitioning, and such as are imprisoned for pretended Misdemeanours to be >ipcedi!y tiaid, and have reparations if they have suffcied wrongfully ; 256 Memoirs ofDenzU Lord Holiit, m m m IfNl «' ■ 1 1 Yet call the Parlia* mcnt a free Parlia- menu i '1 ill They charge eleven Menibeia of tht wrongfully; the power given to Committees, and de- put^r-Lieutenants, to be taken into consideration. The Kingdom to be publickly satisfied in point of Accounts, and after publick Justice done upon some of the excepted Persons, that there be an Act of Oblivion. Then they conclude that these things done, though there be many other particulars, yet (which certainly was merely out of their great goodness and grace, like that of the modest Spaniard with his no quiero mas) they will ask no more« but Veave the rest to the wisdom and justice of the Par- liament; and this, they say, they find to be the concur- rent sense of the People, by their Petitions presented to the General, wherem (as m all the rest) they play the arrant Impostors and Mountebanks, being as impudent, false, cunning, bloody, proud, and ambitious, as the Devil himself, their grand Master. They will have us believe the sense of the People joined with them, and that they petitioned for these things; when their own fellow- Witches have since discovered how Cromwell himself drew those Petitions, sent them about into the Countries, had his Agents to promote them with mellifluous, ena- mouring, promises (as the expression is) so got some Independents to subscribe them, and perhaps some few more that they had cozened ; which served the turn, and made their wise General engage himself with them, say- ing, That what he wanted in expression of his devotion to their service, should be supplied in action, as Mr. John Lawmind informs in his Pw/ney-projects. 111. 'The Parliament is now brought to a fine pass, made a notable free Parliament. But we must believe ii to be so, because Cromwell's Army says it, and speed as well as our first Parents did in believing the Serpent, that told them that eating the Apple would make them as Gods, wise, and happy. The Army, on the other side, triumphs, drives-on, like Jehuj bears-down all before it, carries about the King as a Prisoner, to shew him, and make that use of him, which the Philistines would have done with the Ark, prevail against all opposition ; and truly that and their power together did make them prevail. 11*2. Their next work is, charging eleven Persons, Members of the House of Commons, particularly by name, Memoirs ofDenzU Lord HoIlU, 257 , and de< ion. The Accounts, e excepted Then they ; be many rely out of he modest s no more* >f the Par- :he concur, resented to ey play the i impudent, s the Devil ; us believe id that they wn fellow- >eli himself f Countries, fluous, ena- ) got some >s some fevr le turn, and ti them, say- his devotion ion, as Mr. 3. a fine pass, list believe il and speed as Serpent, that lem as Gods, le, triumphs, carries about lake that use me with the aly that and • ■ ■ ■ ven Persons, rticularly by name, i>it.\ name, but with p[eneral things ; for they were not provi- ded with particulars, as their friend John Lawmind szys, who uses these words, *' the particular matter of their charge was to seek, after they had in general charged them:" Andanother of their disciples, Sirrrt/iMco, says, ' That Cromwell confessed ztCofebrook, " he had nothing against Sir John Maynardi** but yet he must be put-in • ' amongst the rest, only because he was a busy man against him and his faction ; so you see, these Thieves failing-out, some truth comes to light. * 113. With this general charge, there comes another pa- And make many in- per from his Excellency, and the army under his c^ n-u^^nd, ''°'*"t *"<* u«ij"«t requiringthat the Members, impeached, may be forthwith Snen?. * jlne Ti' suspended from sitting in the House, and a month's pay 1647. - to be immediately sent-down to the army for a present \ supply ; and of these things to know the resolution by the next Thursday at the furthest, which was within two days. They require further ; that the officers, who had deserted the army ( as they called it, but, in truth, who ; had left them for their Rebellion, and engaged for Ire- land) should have no more of their arrears paid them, till the army was first satisfied : And, to be sure that the Par- liament should have none to defend them. They command them to raise no new forces within the Kingdom, nor in* vite, nor admit any from other parts. The reason, or, at ■ ." least, the colour, for this was, because the Committee of Safety, (at such a time, as, in obedience to the Order of Parliament, they had endeavoured to have put the City in a condition to defend the Parliament and itself,) had considered of raising some force: but never any thing was put in execution, nor one man listed. And, though the < Parliament and City did assure them, there was no pro- ceeding in it, (which they might then very likely believe, and, in good manners, have acquiesced,) yet, such was either their fear, by reason of guilt, or their scorn of the Parliament, and petulancy, to show how they slighted what they said or declared, that they would not believe them, but threap them down, that there was. listing still, and quarrel with them about it. To such a height were they tnen grown, and the others to that tameness. 114. This passed about the 15th of 7^^^* The House 8 took ^58 Memoin of Vettzil Lord Holfis. With all which the Parliament compliet except that of siis- penditii; the above Members. The t^arh'amentvote that the King ghould be at Richmond. June 15, 1647. The General sends a Remonbtrance to the Parliament, June, td, 1647. And insist upon the Kind's continuing withiu the arm/s quarters. And pretends a great regard for the Kini;; took these things into consideration, obeyed in all, but that concerning the Members j wherein they came to are- solution, ** That upon such a general charge, they could not in Justice proceed against them, nor suspend them, and therefore, desire to know what they could charG[e »^cm with in particular. They further considered how unhand- some it was, the King shoul ^ be so hurried up and down with the army, and that, if he were at some of his own houses near London^ appl cation might be made to him jointly, by them and the Scottish Commissioners, in order to Peace; whereupon, though it was mighrilv opposed by the Independent Party, yet, they votid, his Majes- ty should be desired to come to his Mauor- House, at Richmond.** 115. Here the Scholars had broken out a little into rebellion against their School-masters, the Army ; and soon they *ere lashed for it. For, on the 23d of June, comes a rattling lesson, a Remonstrance, from his Excellency, full of sharp and scoffing expressions, and ends with a lusty menace} tells them, The voting of the King to Richmond, is but in pursuance of the fortner design upon him at Holmby, and to put his Majesty within the reach of those men., who had already listed considerable num* bers of horse and foot about London ; therefore, wishes them, as they tender the welfare of the Kingdom, and the avoiding of jealousies, and other inconveniencies in the army, to resume again the consideration of that business, and not propose any place for him nearer London^ than they would have the Head quarters of the army: then to ingratiate themselves with the King and his Party, and make him willing to stay with them ( till their design was ripe, to dispose of him- otherwisOi as it was afterwards) they take notice of some scandalous information, (by the procurement, forsooth, of the eleven Members, and others of their Party,) as if his Majesty were kept a prisoner among them, which, they say, is most false, and contrary to their principles (as has appeared since, by what Sir Thomas Fair/ax commanded to de done to the King in the Isle of flight, upon his Majesty's answer to the four Bills, with< out order of Parliament, like a great Prince, Ex mero motu ^ certd scientidy though it was afterwards approved •- - of i all, but netoare- hey c«">nld them, and V unbaad- and down of his ov'n ide to him rs, in order Iv opposed his Majes- - House, at a little into V ; and soon Tune, comes Excellency, ends with a le King to design upon in the reach erable num- "ore, wishes om, and the ncies iu the tiat business, london, than army: then is Party, and ir design was afterwards) ion. (by the rs, and others soner among trary to their Sir Thomas in the Isle of ir Bills, with- ice, Exmero rds approved of ■ > Memoirs i^ Denxil Lfird Hollis, , .^ 2S9 of said justified. Ex parte post) but zs yet they ire harm' less saints and good subjects, all for the King. There* - fore, they take occasion tp declare there. That they de- sire a just freedom for his Majesty, and those of his Party, and profess they do not see how there can be a firm Peace, without a due consideration of, and provision for, the rights of himself, his Royal Family, and late par- takers. O, the Hypocrites, then with honey for him in . their mouths, and war in their hearts ! 116. For the expunging of the Declaradon, they say, Jhey are not ut». they acknowledge the justice of the House in it. but should exj7ngU.g^?nerfoii rather have been satisfied with the Parliament's declaring mer declaration how, and by whom, they had been misinformed a:.d sur- *^;*'jy havr'had^hi prised ; and that it is an apparent dishonour to them to Parliament discover pass such a Declaration, and soon after, without altera- theauthors and pro- tion in the pretended ground and cause of it (for shame raUou! ° ^ ' of the world,^ to expunge it. I confess they say true in this ', but the old proverb is, ** true jests are bitter jests." 1 1 7. Then, for the Members, they insist to have them They insist upon forthwith suspended upon the general charge, saymg, 'j*^'*'^ *^« eleven they would willingly proceed to particulars; if they might theHo'uL*"'''* be encouraged, by the justice of the House, for suspend- ing them, for what itself knows, as having been done there, which, they say, they cannot prove without break- ing the privileges of Parliament: Therefore they advise a necessary expedient for the prevention of the like for the ^ future. That, in the House of Commons, dissenting j^nj ^^^^^ that, for Members may enter their dissent, as they do in the House the future, Protesu of Peers, withaProtestation: andtheysay, They offer these SSi^'/^rcommon.! things from their good wishes to the privileges of Parlia- as well as in the ment, to render them more lasting, by being more in- House of Lords, nocent. 118. Was ever Parliament so abused ? First, they must. Reflections upon thii because the army will have it so, give a judgement upon "«™o°»t""<«« persons, before they know any ^iiult comitted by them ; only to encourage their accusers to tell the fault, for which that judgement is already given ; first punish, then en- quire; /^a/Zi/ax-Law, and Army-Justice. And this judge- ment to be no less than *' an order of suspension from their seats in Parliament ;" whereby not only the parties them- selves have a mark of ignominy put upon them, and are dispossessed of the execution of that trust, which their • S cotintry 260 Memoirs ofDenzil Lord Hollts. country has reposed in them, but the places they serve for. Towns and Counties, are punished, deprived of their Representatives in Parliament, and consequently of their suffrages there, which they give by them. Then, what ' . • must this be for ? even for what was done and said in the N. B. House ( for so it is laid) contrary to all proceedings and privileges of Parliament, which will have no man ques- * . tioned for that afterwards ; upon this ground. That if he had done amiss, the House would, at that time, have checked it; and, they not finding fault then, for any other to do it, must needs reflect upon their wisdom and integrity, as if they approved of what was ill, or could not discern it. And, lastly, for my young Masters to jeer them with their good wishes, to have their privileges less ; innocent, and then dare to propound so great an alteration - -' .• in the very fundamental Constitution of the House of Commons ; — where the minor part is involved in the ma- jor, and both make but one intire agent in all they do j— where there is no particularising of persons, not any one Member, to be sO much as named ; — where all is acted as ' by one Man ; — that which must bind the whole Kingdom, to be established by the united consent of it ; — there to make such a rent and division as to introduce dissenting protes- tations, only to foment Faction and Parties, and by trou- bling the fountain, to corrupt all the streams,-— is the most transcending presumption that ever was heard-of. 119. But that which, in my opinion, carried most of ^ ,c , injustice in itself, and dishonour to the Parliament, was, the requiring them to discharge, and disperse those, who, upon their orders of invitation and encouragement, to engage for Ireland, had left the army, quitted the advan- tages they might have had, in joining that Rebellion, and wholly cast themselves upon the Parliament ; as Sir jRo- bert Pye*s men, Colonel Graves's, Colonel Butler' s^ Cap- tain Farmer Sy Lieutenant-Colonel JachsorCs, the Cap- tain, and many of the soldiers, of the Life-guard, and others quartered in Kent and Surry ; the greater part of the two regiments, under Colonel Herbert and Colonel Kempson, quartered about fJ^'orcester and Evesham; these honest, gallant, faithful, stout men, both officers and soldiers, for their obedience to the Parliament, and zeal to Memoirt ofDeuMtl Lord Hollh. 261 ey serve of their of their in, what id in the ings and an ques- hat if he Ine, have for any dom and r could !rs to jeer leges less alteration House of in the ma- ley do;— ot any one is acted as Kingdom, (re to make ing protes- id bytrou- is the most -of. ed most of nent, was, those, who, gement, to the advan- bellion, and as Sir Ro- aler'sj Cap- , the Cap- guard, and ;ater part of md Colonel Evesham ; )oth officers ent,and zeal to to the service in Ireland^ must be abused and ruined ; the Parliament itself, made to eat its own words, break its f iaith, deceive them who trusted it, deliver them up, make them Anathemas: for what? because the army says they are de- serters^ and raisers of a new war \ but, in truth, for com- plying with the Parliament's commands, refusing to join in a rebellion against them, and being willing to adventure their lives against the Rebels of Ireland* 1 20. Never was such a violence and scorn put upon a single person, or any society of men, much less a Parlia- ment, to make it act its own shame and confusion, except by that Italian, who, to be revenged on his enemy, got him at advantage, bad him deny Jesus Christ, and acknow- ledge him his Saviour, or he should die presently j which when the wretch had done, to save his lite, he then stabs him to the heart, and says, Go tliy ways, I am now re- venged upon Body and Soul. So the Army threatened the Parliament, if all these things, fore-mentioned, were not done, (and likewise the poor Reformadoes put-out of the City, who had offered themselves, and were ready to run all dangers for theirs and the City's preservation) and done by the next Thursday night, that then they should be forced to take such a course extraordinary, as God should enable them and direct them to. 121. And, when the Parliament had done it (as they did, all but suspending their Members) had retracted that vote concerning tne King's coining to Richmond (which the Lords did, first, at Mr. Manhtu's earnest sol- licitation, as I have heard, who, at that time, could not have prevailed so with the House of Commons) prosti- tuting their Honours, renouncing whatever would be of strength and safety to them, casting themselves down naked, helpless and hopeless, at the proud feet of their domineering Masters ; it is all to no purpose } it does but encourage those mtrciless men to trample the more upon them, and, like the task-masters oiE^i/pt, to doable the tale of their bricks. 122. For this was a resolution taken, that nothing should satisfy, nay, not be accepted with a good look, a smile, whilst the eleven Members sat in the House ; while Mor- decai stood in the gate, and bowed not, proud liaman U » » cannot fif"i\T ■V V The Parliament re- tracts the vote con- cerning the King's coming to llichmond. June 24, 1G47. But thearmy, never- fliek'ss, proceetis tu fmther insoiencies to l^et I id of the eleven \Iembers. June 2'i, 1617. 26S Memoirs of Dentil Lord HolHs, The eleven Mem- lien withdraw from Parliament of their own accord. June «6, 1647. They petition the Housp tnat the Army may be required to tend-up tlie particu- lani of the charge Si^ain^f them* June tP. 1647. Uhich the House fKicordiogly does. cannot be pleased ; therefore, he must die : The eleven Members must out. The House of Commons \nll not do it ; Mr. Joyce and his Agitators shall. For this, Sir Thomas Fairfax takes up his quarters at Uxbridge; some of his forces advance within three or four miles of fFest' minster ; he sends his warrants for provisions into the very suburbs ; a party of horse is commanded to be ready at a rendezvous, to march-up to the Parliament } then here is the case of the eleven Members ; If they stay, a violence shall be offered upon the House, the Members shall be pulled-out by the ears, and then, Actum est de Parlia- mento \ I may say, de Parliameruis : farewell this and all future Parliaments. 123. Those Gentlemen, therefore, think it best, — rather than that a breach should be made upon their occasion, and that, through their sides, the Parliament should be struck to the very heart, and die for ever,— to make it their own act to forbear the House. And, therefore, they told the House, they saw they were in that condition, they could neither protect them nor themselves ; that if, they would not do 2&Achish did to David, who bid him be- gone, because the Princes of the Philistines loved him not -f yet, that they would, at their humble suit and desire, be pleased to give them leave to withdraw, and to such as desired it, grant Passes to go beyond Sea: which, at last, they did agree to ; thou^ truly, I must say, unwil- lingly : but which, all said, they looked upon it as a good service done to the House, for preventing greater inconveniences. 124. Upon this they forbore, and staid, I think, a week, or better, expecting, if the army would send in a particular charge against all , or any, of them ; which they not doing, but, instead of that, writing-up a letter to commend their mo- desty, the eleven Members then petitioned the House, that they would send to the Army to know what particulars they laid to their charge, and to prefix to them some convenient time to do it in ; which the House did, giving them about a Week. And, one would have thought, a short day might have served. That accusing Members, in such a man- ner, with such a noise, as if they had been so criminous, that, (as ]V]r. Sollicitor said, by his beasts of prey, which were not to have any law given them, but be knocked in the It th. thi 1 Memoirs of Dentil Lord HoUi$. 26S e eleven vnW not this, Sir e; some the very . !ady at a a here is violence I shall be e Parlia- is and all , — rather occasion, hould be te it their they told ion, they at if, they him be- loved him ind desire, id to such which, at ay, unwil- tn it as a ng greater ik, a week, I particular not doing, id their mo- ^ouse, that culars they convenient them about ; day might iich a man- criminous, )rey, which knocked in the the head,) so they were not worthy of justice, nor of privilege of Parliament, nor of common humanity —much less, to be used wiih some respect, like gentlemen, who had so lonjT, and soaie of them, served their country so often in Parliament, and more faithfully than ever any of the army- party did, or will do, there, or any where else. But ail in)iidi> of duty and civil society must be broken* throu^li, 10 come at their destruction. 1 hey must needs have kno>Mi some notorious triingsby them, which might r«.adi!ybe produced. But it seems, they were not so pro- M icJ i the particular matter of their charge was yet to secK; as their fellow, Mi'.JohnLaivmind, says) ihey were then hunting-out for articles, sending-about for witnes- ses to (esiify any thing, promise, bribe, threaten. But 9\\ would liot do: several persons came to me, telling me how they had been sollicited to inform against me ji one tifwis told me, they had been tampering with him ; one fVestnomb acquainted me, how one Pain had been sent* for by liushivorth, ( his Excellency's excellent Secretary, ) to the same purpose ; who lodged him in his chamber, and gave him an angel the first time ; that he went \ second time, and this Wtstcomb with him, and then had a horse given him worth ten pounds, and the promise of some place in the army ; for which, it is presumed, he did some acceptable service. It seems, these saints were hard put to it ; — well, the first day passed, and no charsb came-in ; they desired longer time, and promised it should be ready by such a day; and, I think, the day after it did come : and, if I be not very partial to myself, (as in this, I believe I am not,) after all this travelling of the Mountains, out-comes, ridiculus mus. 125. I will not repeat all the particularshi'^ They are in print, and our answer to them ; which, I hope, satis- fies all men. Besides, another >answer, vro put into the House, more upon the formality of a legal plea : which, it seems, satisfied them ; for they never proceeded fur- ther; nor did the Army prosecute. But the House ordered the Speaker to give us passt^ij according to our desires. 126. 1 will but make this observation upon some of them: which is^ "that they,and their party, acted those very things 8 4 which /' >?■ nut Die army delay the mat> The eleven Memberi ulvc'itt rill unswer to the charge against them. July 19, 1047. Ueflectloni upon the charge against the eleven Mcmheri. 264 Memoirs nf Demil Lord HoUls. m^A I Particularly on ''the article of holding correspondence with the king's Party. This article is more truly applicable to the Army. Alio on (he article of acting in au arbitia- ry manner. This article is more applicable to tiie army- part Vi or vio. lent'paityin the Par- liamcnt. which they laid to our charge ; and, what was false of us, was really true of them." 1 27. One thing was, holding a correspondency with the King and his party : which of all men they ought not to have objected, doing what they did even at that very time. For, suppose it never so great a crime, it ill- becomes the Devil to find fault with the Collier for being black. 1 hey treat with his Majesty, have some of his ser- vants present at their Councils of War, to debate and prepare things, frame proposals for settling the whole bu- sinevss of the Kingdom ; and, if their own writers, pro- pheis of their own, tell true, capitulate for honours and preferments, Cromwell to have a blue Ribbon, be an £^1, his son to be of the bed-chamber to the Prince ; Iretotif some great ofEcer in Ireland, Now, admit all true they said of us, was it to be compared to this? is it not aDecmo sexto to their folio, a mole-hill to their mountain ? And, 1 desire it may be taken notice of, that in all the charge, there is not a word of the Plot to fetch the King from Holmbyt bring him to London^ or put him at the head of the army, which they made the ground -work of all their villanies, pretending some of us, (in truth under- hand, and in their pamphlets, naming me ) to have had such an intention ; and, that what they did, was by way of prevention. Is it likely this would have been omitted, if there had been the least colour of truth for it f but Truth was what they ever least looked-after in all their speeches and actions, caring only to serve a turn, gain an advantage by cozening the world, and then cast-about, how to make it good by power, or amuse men with some new cheat, that the last might be forgotten. J 28. They accuse us of infringing, and endeavouring to overthrow the Liberties and Rights of the Sujbject in arbitrary and oppressive ways, and by indirect and cor- rupt practices, to delay and obstruct justice. These are the words in their general charge. Now, I appeal to all men, and even to their own consciences, who say .this, whether of the two, they or their party, or we in the House of Commons, upon all occasions, were for vio- lence, oppression, and ruin, to destroy all that came be- fore them, sequester estates, impose great fines, imprison, . starve^ Memoirs ofDenzil Loid Hollit. 265 Ise of us, ?ncy with Hight not that very it ill- for being of his ser- iate and whole bu- ters, pro- nours and e an E^l, I ; Ireton, true they I zDecimo in ? And, he charge. King from Lt the head ork of all uth under- > have had vas by way ?n omitted, for it? but in all their rn, gain an cast-about, I with some deavouring i Subject in t and cor- These are ppeal to all o say .this, we in the re for vio- t came be- , imprison, starve^ starve, sometimes take-away life, make men offenders for a word, take all advantages, wrest and strain up to the, height of all their penal ordinances ; and who they were that had the hand in making all those penal ordinances, so severe for Sequestrations, so high for compositions, so ensiiaring and bloody for making new treasons, and little things to be capital crimes ; that no man almost was safe, free from question, and few or none questioned, but sure to be destroyed. How many Ministers were pulled-out of their livings, for very small faults? how many persons made delinquents, their estates torn in pieces, themselves, • their wives and children, turned to beggary, and ready to starve for no great offences, or such at least for which ihey did not deserve so severe a punishment ? What Commit- tees were set-up ? That of Haberdashers-Hall, to pill and poll men, put them to an oath as ill as that ex offidot to make them discover their estates, and expose themselves, to their merciless carving-out a fifth and twentieth part,.- which was the undoing of many, even fetching-in some of the Members of the House to whom 'they had a displeasure, and generally all men who had crossed or opposed them in any thing : that of Goldsmiths-Hall, to impose fines to the ruin of many of the best families of England i that of Sequestrations, where the very intention of the' Houses was perverted, that Committee being first pro- posed and made only for great and notorious ofiendejrs, but afterwards it came to be worse than any Spanish Inquisi- tion, few escaping that were ever questioned. I dare say Ser- jeant fVildy the cnairman, and Mr. Nic/iiis, the lawyer, and some few more blood-hounds, who always attended there, hardly ever gave their votes for the freeing of any one per- son ; and then the delay there is worse than the condem- nation,making suitors wait cne,or even two years, and com- monly be sequestered at last. The Committee of Exa- minations, where Mr.^Miles Corbet kept his Justice-Seat, (which was worth something to his clerk, if not to him,) what a continual horse-fair it was? even like dooms-day itself, to judge persons of all sorts and sexes. 129. bid not that faction put-on all these things? did not we still oppose and hinder it all we could? how earnest- ly, and how often^ have we moved the putting-down those Com- /■^^ Oppressive commit- tees were set-up by the violent part v : as that of Uabei'ilaiih- en-hall. That of Goldsmiths- hall. 0^ That of Sequestra- t*oiis, of which Ser- jeant Wild was chairmaa. That of exainina- tioiiB, of wl|ich Mr. Miles Corbet Mas Clinirman. Tlie moderate part? alwavx opposetl thpsc scvvie proceedings. ■';-'.■■■ ' 266 1%^ ' \ The article of em* l>e/iling and en- groming ihe piiblick treasure in alio true only of the army- party, or violent party, in the pariia- inent. "* / MammofVeniULordHoUii. Committees? that of Sequestration, that of Haberdashers Hall ? Those in the counties, sometimes got orders of the House for that purpose, brought-in ordinances : and sail, by some art or other of theirs, they were put *by, when ic was thought in a manner settled, so as the Government niight have returned to Sheriffs, Justices of Peace, Grand Juries, and other ministers of Justice, in that subordination which the Law had established. Was any preserved and delivered out of his trouble, that we or some of us had not a hand in it ? Were we not called the moderate party ? branded with that title, (for they held it a crime), were we not said to fevour malignants ? when in truth we had re> spect to the Parliament, that it should not be made the instrument of those mens lusts, and contract that odium, which only could ruin it, and upon which this very party, being themselves the cause of it, took the advantage to master and subdue it, they in the beginning of their Re* bellion, exclaiming against the Parliament for those things,(and therewith possessing the country,) which them- selves and their faction made it do. Who but they drew all business into the Parliament, especially when then^ selves, or their friends, were any thing concerned ? And had they not an art of delaying men, and making them attend, when they could tiot mischief them by dispatching the business ? were any more violent in an arbitrary way of proceeding than they \ nay, were any so but they ? could a Mayor, or Officer, or a Burgess for Parliament be chosen almost iu any town of En^and, but with their leaves, and according to their likings r And, on the other side, did not we press to have all things left to the law of the land, and to the ancient and ordinary course ? yet they accuse us to be the troublers of hraett and them- selves would be thought to be the restorers, Just as the wolf in the fable charged the Lamb with troubling the waters. \ SO. They charge us beside, with having a great power upon the treasure of the Kingdom, disposing of the pub- lick Monies, enriching ourselves, and say, in many of their Declarations, that wc would embroil the land m a new war, that we might not be called to an account for them. O, the impudence ! They know that themselves only, Memnn of Dentil "L&rd H»ili$. \ .-J- 267 only, and their creatar«?s, had power over the monies, and meddled in money-iriaL! '>"S, well licking their fingers ; for they know they shared, and divided amongst themselves, all the fat of the land, the Treasure, the Offices, the King's Re- venue, the Revenue of the Church,the Estates of so great a part of the nobility and gentry, whom they had made De- linquents; and we, not one of us, had any thing to do in all this; Mr. Recorder, I think, only was of the Committee of the King's Revenue, but very seldom came thither. And did not they make use of the price in their hands? And did they not, like charitable persons, begin at home, give gifts and offices to all their own party, to some upon mere grace, as the thousands to Mr. Blaxton, a thousand pound to Pury (besides a good office) as much to Mr. Hodges of Gloucesterslure^ to Alderman Pennington, who had concealed three thousand pounds of Sir John Penning- ton's, which he had in his hands, for which, by their ordi' nance, he should have forfeited the treble, and, had he been a friend to the eleven Members, should not have been spared; they did not only forgive him that, but gave him that three .thousand pounds, and three thousand pounds more, which was upon the City's turning him out of their Militia, and presently made him be put in again. The Speaker had money given him, I know not how much; 6,000/. at one time (as I remember) was made Master of the Rolls, Chancellor of the Dutchy, and, for a good while. Keeper ; Mr. Sollicitor was, be- udes his being Sollicitor, the King's Attorney, and about two years, one of the Lord-Keepers, got infinitely by the pardons upon compositions, (which was a device only to fill his coffers,) and had a thousand pounds given him at the expiration of his Commission for the Great-Seal. So had all his fellow.Commissioners, Mr. Brown, Mr. Pridtaux, and Serjeant f^iid, each their thousand pounds, besides the profits of the Seal ; Mr. Pndeaux also made himself Post-master of England, being but the Chairman of a Sub-Committee to the Grand -Committee of grievances, where my Lord of J Tor" wick and Hurlamachi were contesting about the place, which was there represented as a publick grievance, though my Lord of Warwick*^ grant proved not to be 80} Some instances ^f their profusion of tbe public money upnn their own crea- tures. Mr. Blaxton. Mr. Pury. Ml. (loages. Alderman Peoning- too. Mr. Lcnthall, the Speaker. Oliver St. John. Mr. Brown. Mr. Prideaux. Serjeant Wild. 268 Memoirs ofDenxil Lord Hotlis. n . i *-'! F ' a( . ■iff.. S'. Aliierman Hoil. Mr. Nit-klis. Sir William Allison. Mr. Love, Mr. Lentiiall, the Speaker's son. Mr. I.isle. Mr Miles Corbet. Col. White. Mr. Allen. Oliver Cromwell. Sir Peter Went- worth. SO ; but this worthy gentleman being one of the Com- mittee, and in the chair, who was to hear both, and re- port their cases to the Grand Committee, from whence it was to come to the House, finding it a convenient em- ployment, worth some 24. or 2500/. per yinnum, eased them of it, took it himself, and has kept it ever since. Mr. Serjeant IVtld was trusted with some money by the Lady Thornborough*5 father for the use of his daughterj and took occasion, upon her going to Oxford, pretending she had got possession of his estate, to get a fair ordinance of both Houses, to have that money given to himself, but sure found some good law for it, as he did for hanging of Captain Buriey ; and being excellent at it, no question would find law to hang the eleven Members, were there a whole dozen of them, and me highest for writing this, which he would prove to be a greater treason than any in the Statute of the 25th of Edward Sd\ and when I come within his power, I will forgive it him; let him hang as many, and get as much of the Commonwealth's money, as he can in the mean time. But I will say this for him, the Elders of Jezreel, that found a law to put Nabotk to death, were but fools to him. Then how many of their small Prophets were preferred, that man of conscience Alderman i/oi7, that worthy lawyer, Mr. NichliSy Sir William AlUsorit Mr. Love^ Mr. Lenthal, the Speaker's son, these two made six clerks ; Mr. Lisle^ Master of St. Cross's^ Mr. Miles Corbet., Colonel fVhite., a Colonel that never was in the field with his regiment, Mr. Allen the Goldsmith ; all of them, and I know not how many more, in places of great profit, some in the Courts of Westmimtery others made Treasurers of their Armies, as ^llen and ff^hitef the latter also made Clerk of the Assizes, in the Northern Circuit, worth 5 or 600/. per Annum. Cromwell has 2iOO/. per Annum ; Sir Peter Wenlwortb, a gentleman's estate tor half the value, settled likewise by ordinance, though the gentleman (whose de- linquency was perhaps aggravated, because he would not sell him that land, which he had long desired, like A'<3* both*s Vineyard) offered to pay the money to the State, as the fine for his composition, which by the rules of their own proceedings, could not in justice have been denied him. Memoirs of Dentiil Lord Hollli. 269 him. I remember we put -by the ordinance two or three times ; but, I hear, it is since past ; which makes me men- tion it here. 131. To some for reparation of losses. So Mr. Cor- nelius Holland, who had some inferiour place in the Prince's household (which certainly he was not born to, the height of his ambition reaching no further in the be- ginning, than to be Sir Henri; yane*s man) was in recom- pence, set over the King's children, above my Lady of Dorset, and had the managing of their household, some three or four years; when i'ley gave him the King's pastures in Buckinghamshire for twenty one years, worth to him de ciaro, some 15 or 1600/. per Annum. Sir ff^ii- Ham Strickland, for the burning of his house in York- shire^ has a gentleman's estate in Kent of a good value. Mr. Henry Herbert had 3000/. given him out of my Lord of Worcester*!; woods, and Sir John fVtnter's. The Lord Sa7/t in lieu of the Mastership of the Wards, which by his power, since the beginning of this Parliament, he had wrested from the Lord Cottington^ had 10,000/. and for part of the money (I think 4000/. of it) had Han- worth House, with the Lands about it, which was worth, as they say, 1 4,000/. Colonel Fleetwood was, by way of Sequestration, put into the remembrancer's place of the Court of Wards, which his brother held, and, by going to Oxford, lost it j upon the putting-down of the Court he had 3000/. recompense: multitudes there are more of this kind. 1 32. To some for pretended arrears ; as to Sir Arthur Haslerig 7000/. who had earned it well at the De\:izes and Cherrington, To the Lord Fairfatty Sir H^illiatn Con- st a hie. Sir fVilliam Brereton, great sums. To Colonel Thompson 2000/. for his wooden leg ; which nothing but a cannon could have helpt him to ; for he would never come within musket-shot. To Colonel Pure/oy, and his son Colonel Boswell, some 1 500/. each ; and so to many more. 1 S3. To some to buy their voices, make them Prose- lytes. To Mr. ff'eston, son to the Earl of Portland, the reviving an arrear of a pension, which was his lady's, and, if I be not deceived, had been discontinued for many years : Tlie ' ^•jl'ii '. i ' .; -'■1 ', Mr. Cornelius HoN land. ■ i'*i. Sir William Strick- land. Mr. Henry Herbert. The Lord Say. Col. Fleetwood. Sir Arthur Hasleiig. The Lord Fairfax. Sir William Con- stable. Sir William Brere- ton* Col. Thompion, Col. Purefoy. Colt Bos well- Mr. Weston. 270 Memoirs of Denial Lord Holli$. J),, i 'i !< =1 The Debentur, as I remember, was 4000/. To the Lord Lord Grey of Groby. Grei/ of Groby (who had before been zealous for my Lord Essex, as he had good reason for the respects he had . t received from him) a considerable sum, which I well re- member not, to be paid him out of such discoveries of Delinquents estates, as he should make; whereupon he and his terriers were long attendmg the Committee of Ex- aminations, in (he prosecution still of some game or other, Mr. Scawen. ^\\ jjjg g^^i ^j^g made up. To Mr. Scawen, ( one who, formerly, had not very well liked of their ways, ) 2,000/. How many of the Lords, that could not be hear'd before, nor their Petitions scarce vouchsafed to be read, when .<. , .. . !( v^ they tackt-about and voted with them, were then presently considered, and good proportions were allowed them; nay, they were so impudent, that some of them would not stick »^' to give it for a reason openly in the House, why they , would not grant their desires, that they took notice, how they gave their votes : Mr. Gour^ is the man I have hear*d say so several times. This was an excellent way, to make a free Parliament, for the members to be honest, and discharge their consciences. 134. Then for accounts ; I would fain know what ac- counts they have passed : Let any man peruse my Lord Fairfax's and Sir fViUiam Constable*: \ 1 hear they are ''trange ones for the ereat sums they have fingered : And 1 am sure the Committee of Accounts did complain, that their Sub-Committees were beaten in Staffordshire, where Mr. Purefoy and Mr. Boswell should have acted, and would not. 1S5. Upon the whole matter, I would have our ac- cusers say so much by one of us: I confess, I am sorry to V > discover this of them, it being much against my nature : but I am forced to it, for my vindication. I may say, with the Apostle, They have compelled me, and not only so to criminate, but even to glory a little in somt- thing. Have any of us ever refused to account, who were liable Some instincei of iq {[} Sir IfiUiam Lewis did account for the moneys he the u|jruiit and dis« •!.• en. t r-ij intcitstcd behaviour received, bemg governor of Portsmouth^ so fairly and sa- of the devcQ mem- tisfactorily, as that the Committee of Accounts made a '"' special report of it to the House, to be (as they said) an example to others for his caret and just dealing in ma- . naging \m Metnoin of Denxil Lord Hollis. 371 na^ng the State's monies, Mrhich came to his hands. Ma- ' ■ - ? > jor-General Massey^ 1 am sure, was sollicitous to perfect . ; ." *, his accounts, which, if* or no he had done, before they - drove him away, I know not. Sir fViUiam fValler and Colonel Long finished theirs. Sir Philip Stapleton never touched but his personal pay, yet did account, and had but forty shillings a day, being lieutenant General of the Horse, under my Lord of Essex^ who was Generalissimo, when Sir Arthur Haxkrig^ had five pounds for com- manding the Horse under Sir William IVallery a place inferior to his, and had been at no charge, having lived still upon Sir William Waller ^ and gotten well all aloi^g the employment. Sir ^//id'am K^aZ/er had his arrears after ^ his subordinate officer^ Sir Arthur had led the way, who broke the ice for his general, and all the rest. Sir Phiiip Stapleton had also his, a very small one for so eminent an officer, in regard his allowance was no greater ; it came to about 1 ,700/. having left the benefit of his whole estate, during all the wars ; which Haslerig did not, if his neigh- bours in Leicestershire say true, that his grounds have continued full-stocked all this while, better than ever they were before, so safe and well protected (as I have heard) that his neighbours, when there wasdanger, would send their cattle t hither ^ I confess, I understand not the mystery. 136. Here is all concerning matters of accounts and arrears of the eleven members. The rest meddled not with any of the State's monies; some of them have refused to receive, what the House had given them, upon niuch juster grounds than all the pretences of the others that had so much. 1 myself for my sufferings, after the Parliament, 3d Car. which continued many years, cost me some J'LSjnwoo? of. thousands of pounds, and prejudiced me more, had five fered him by tht thousand pounds given me by the House, for my repara- ^""^ °^ Commom, tion. 1 refused it, and sald^ I would not receive a penny, for his former luf* till the publick debts were paid. Let any of tkem say so feriogi. much. 1 desire, whoever shall chance to read this, to pardon me this folly { 1 do not mean far not taking the money, but seeming to boast of it. I must again repeat the Apostle's words,** lam become a fool in glorying, but they have compelled me." It is true, 1 had paid for a fine imposed in the King's Bench, which I laid-dowo in ready money 272 Memoirs of Dentil Lord HoUa, m : 1! -^ u ■n n But acc<>pfecl 1000 mark*, which was the fine he had for- merly paid in the King's Bench. 'fl' IS re* page The history sumcd from 9€4, art 196. TheAimy absolutely governs the resolu- tions of the Parlia* ment. . s money out of my purse, a thousand marks : This, in the time of these troubles, when my whole estate was kept from me in the West, that for three years, or thereabouts, I received thence not one farthing, was re-imbursed to me. 137. Now I appeal to the world, whether our accusers, or we, the poor eleven members, so decryed, so oppressed, were the more guilty ; who they were, that had gotten, co- zened, oppressed, and were indeed the traitors. If he did not say, as truly as he did wittily, if they had not had more men than matter against us, they had been the traitors themselves, which many of their own Disciples have, upon the matter, confessed and published, saying, they were '^o seek for matter; only we were a beam m their eyes: And, their great Apostle, Lilbum himself says, ** their great aim was but to pull-down those who stood in the way of their preferment." 1S8. Here is our crime ; I will ask pardon of God for my failings, even in the performance of all these duties, where I served my country best; butnot of the Parliament; from whence I desire no favour. Let them put upon me the severest disquisition, either concerning those things then charged, or the great Treason since committed, ** of endeavouring to defend myself,* the Parliament, and the City, from a rebellious, unjust, oppressing, Army, which, against all laws of God and Man, came to force us ;" for which I stand voted to be impeached of Treason, and am outed the House ; of which I shall treat presently. 139. But, first,I shall shew the steps to it. The Army now did all ; the Parliament was but a Cypher, and only cried Amen to what the Councils of War had determined. They make themselves an absolute third Estate, have Commis- sioners residing withthemfrom the Parliament, and Agents from his Majesty, and abuse both sufficiently; and are as solemnly treated- with as if they were no subjects, but a Body subordinate to neither, vested with an independent autho. rity, claiming only from God and their Sword. The whole business of the Kingdom is there now agitated, and the engagement of the Army is the Standard by which all pro- positions must be measured. If any thing be offered by the Parliament which they like not, it is presently answer- ed not to stand with their Solemn Engagement. Many meetings Mimoira of Denzil Lord Hoilis, S73 his, in the was kept ereabouts, sed to me. r accusers, oppressed, gotten, co- if he did t had more :he traitors lave, upon ey were *o heir eyes: s, " their ood in the of God for lese duties^ arliament; at upon me lose things nitted, ** of It, and the •my, which, :e us;** for )n, and am tly. eArmy now d only cried lined. They e Commis- , and Agents , and are as , but a Body ident autho. . The whole ?d, and the hich all pro- e offered by ntly answer- ent. Many meetings meetings, there were great consultations and debates upon certain proposals for settling of a peace* and securing the rights and liberties of the people. 1 40. Notwithstanding this, while these things are m agitation, after all their affronting, baffling^ forcing the Parliament, marching-up against it and the City, contrary to th6ir orders, (by which they were not to come nearer than within forty miles of London,) they will have them own them for their army, undertake to provide for their maintenance, and immediately send-down a month*s pay ; and yet will not be subject to them in any thing. All this is done, Mr, Marshal, the Minister, being a principal instru- ment for them, who was still going and coming between JVestminster and the head-quarters, or at the Parliament" doors, spliiciting the Members of both Houses, persuading them, by all manner of arguments,— ^sometimes assurances^ sometimes terrifyings,— to agree to those things which the Army desired. And this he did, not in order to the setting-up of Presbytery, for which he had formerly been so zealous: for the Presbyters were not then trump, and he meant to win, and therefore, to put-out them, in order to take in better cards for his turn. Afterwards they send a message to the Parliament, requiring them to repeal the Ordinance for the Militia of London, (which had been settled, upon many and long debates, to stand for one whole year,) and to renew the former expired Ordinance for establishing the old Committee, which was the year before. 141. It is but ^' ask and have,'* with theArmy : so that this is presently done. And truly, I think, it was a design of the Army, merely to provoke the City, and engage them to do something, to express a dislike, perhaps, fly*uut, and give them an occasion to offer them some violence, if they should perust; or, if they should yield, after a little ilUfavburedly shewing their teeth, then to put such things upon them, sa yoke them, break their strength, and trample upon their liber- ties and privileges, that they should not be able afterwards, upon any occasion, to give them diiicurbance, and make op- position to whatever they should sec on foot, though never so grievous and displeasing to thewhole kingdom: iortheydid notthink themselves secure, whilst theCiiy stood unbroken. 142. Thtir plot took; the City was very much moved zi this sudden Act of the Houses, in the aiicring their Mi- T iitia, l-li,'%'fMt Thfjr Insist upoti the ParliHtnent's repeal- ins? tlieir Ordinance concprninsj the Mili- tia of London. July 20, 1647. Their view in mak« ing this strange de< mand. TheCity aretilarmetl at the Parliampiit't bavuig complied. [|;h 27* with the Army in this ailair. And petition the Parliament to settle the Militia as it was hefnre the late de- uiand uf the Army. The Apprentices of Lonilon assemble in a tumultuous man- ner, and force the Parliament to yield to the City's desires. And many of them compel the Houses to pass other votes disagreeable to the Army. July t^a, 1047. JHemoirs of Demil Lord IloUis. ..[ -. Kua, without so much as giving them notice to hear what they could say in a point so nearly concerning them. They look upon it as an infringement of their Charter (granted and confirmed to them by so many Kings successively, by vhich they were still to nave the power of their own Mu litia ), and as a shaking of the foundation of all their securi- ty for those vast sums of money they had lent, which de- pended only upon Ordinances : and the easy and sudden repealing of this, gave them caiise to fear they might be served so in the rest. 143. Whereupon at their Common-Council they agreed upon a Petition to the Houses, informing them ot the dis* tempers in the City upon the change they had made, and beseeching them to re*establish it as it was before ; which was presented by the Sheriffs, some of the Aldermen, and of the Members of the Common-Council, in a fair and submissive way. But the Parliament durst do no- thing without the leave of their Masters, and only give them good words, and so hoped to slide over the business. Then some young men, apprentices and others., appeared, pressing hard, who would not be satisfied till it was done ; which the Houses sticking-at, the young men insisting, drew a great concourse of people, putting things into some heat ; so that at last they prevailed, and the Militia was again settled according to their desire : upon which they went-away, returning to their houses. Only some of the younger and more unruly sort, remained ; among whom some idle people and, perhaps, not well-affected, soldiers and others, and (I have heard,) some of the Inde- pendents, even belonging to the army, thrust themselves, and put the multitude, (disorderly enough before,) into great distempers, who then would make the Houses do this and the other thing, — vote the King's coming toLon- dotiy the calling-in of the eleven Members, and I know not what else,>- and would notsuffer the Parliament-Men, either of the one House or the other, to stir, till all was voted and passed which they desired ; keeping them there, till, I think, nine of the clock at night ; when, the Common-Council, hearing of these disorders, sent- down thtf Sheriffs of London, and some of the Aldermen, to apptase them ; which they did. This was upon Mon- day, wl th so ear what 1. They [granted vely, by 3wn Mu ir securi- rhich de- d sudden might be 7 agreed the dis* lade^ and >; which Idermen, , in a fair St do no- only give business, appeared, vas done ; insisting, [lings into the Militia pon which ly sorae of d ; among :lUaffected, (fthelnde- hemselves, fore,) into [louses do ing toLow- md I know ment-Men, till all was sping them ;ht ; when, ders, sent- Alderihen, upon Mon- day. ' ' Memoirs of DenzU Lord Hollht day, the 26th of Jult;, The Houses adjourned them- selves, the House of Peers to Friday, the Commons House to the next day. The City had, against the next ciay, which was Tuesday, taken order to prevent such further inCbnveniencies, by unruly people assembling about Westminster \ which, before, tney could not well do, in regard, their Militia was unsettled, by the alteration that the new Ordinance, upon the Army's command, had made. And, as I heard, the City sent-down a message to the House of Commons, to assure them that they had done so: but, Mr. Speaker was so hasty to adjourn till the Fri- day, (perhaps, because he wished rather not to receive that message, which would have half-spoiled the Plot,) that he would scarce stay till it was a House ; and, some of the factious crying to adjourn, he did so, though many cried- out against it, who could not be heard. 144. By the Friday, the two Speakers, the Earl of Manchester of the Peers, and Mr. Lentkat of the Com- mons, (instead of giving their attendance, according to their duty, upon the Houses,) with eight Lords, and fifty-eight Commoners, had run down to the Army ; and there, they enter into an engagement, bearing date the 4th of Augmtf to live and die with the Army ; upon pretence of a force and violence that had been offered to the Parliament, but, in truth, by a conspiracy with the Army, designedand laid, principally, by Mr.6'amr Jo/tn the Sollicitor ; as appears by a letter, sent from Rush' tvorlhf (Sir Thomas Fair/ax* a Cecretary,) to the Speaker, with no name on it, but the latter part of it written with his own hand, advising him not to appear at the House on Friday morning, but to take counsel of Mr. Sollicitor, who would tell him what was fit to be done, assuring him the Army would all lie in the dirt, or protect them, who were their friends. This, as I remember, was the purport of the letter, yet remaining in one of the Houses: which, no doubt, came from Sir Thomas Fait^f ax, and Mr Crom' welt, and the rest of those Governours, undertaking so for the army, and shews who was the man that must give the Orders, and direct what was to be done by the House, and then may well be supposed to be the author of all. The groimd of this Engagement is made to be a Declaration of the Army's, shewing the reasons of their T 2 . advance «V5 The City takes order to prevent any fur- ther tumults. July 2?, 1647. And send a message to the House of Commons to infiarm thetn of it ; but find the House already adjourned. The two Speaker! and^ some other Members of both Ilous^ throw them- selves u|x>n the pro- tection of the Army. August 4, 1647., This desertion of the Houses is owing to the contrivance of Mr. St. Joh|t> The Army publish « Declaration against the clevea Membeit 276 Memoirs ofDenxiJ Lori IhlVa* r.\ J- nf ■aid Declaration* advance towards London, as full of falsehoo f v'<: it is of malice, against the poor eleven Members, an<- Iti iruth, intended only against them, vrho are, by it, said to be the cause of all that had been done in the City ; that, there- fore, they were resolved to march-up to London, expect- ing that the well-affected people of the City, would either put us in safe custody, or deliver us up to them, stuffing- up the whole Declaration with falsehoods and lies, as well ' in the narrative part, as in the comment upon it. They The substance of ihc pretend. That, to carry-on our former evil dedgns, and - _. .^.^i preserve ourselves from the hand of Justice, we had en- deavoured to cast the Kingdom into a new war ; and, to that end,had procured an under-hand listing of Reforma- does, and continued a wicked and treasonable combina- tion, which we caused several persons to enter into : That this could not be done in the time of the old Commis- sioners for'the Militia, and, therefore, the new were made; who, many of them, were very intimate with us, which was a just cause for the Army to have them changed again: That, thereupon, the tumult was abetted and fomented by us, to violate the Parliament, and force it into our hands: which makes them require that we may be in that manner delivered-up ; and that all that was done in the Houses that day, or afterwards, till those fugitive Members should return again, may be declared null and void (so here the Army takes upon itself to declare what Votes shall stand good, what notj and this is for the honour and freedom of the Parliament, that which those worthy Patriots H^ould live and die upon) ; And, besides, they say they were labouring after the settlement of the Kingdom, and had even brought it to perfection, the particular propo- sals being ready to be sent to the Parliament, for a final conclusion of all our troubles ; which conclusion of our troubles, in truth, nothing in the sight of Man could have hindered, but this cursed practice of violence upon the Parliament, which very^thing, in them, was as cursed a High Treason as could be committed ;~a mercenary Army, raised by the Parliament ;•— all of them, from the General (except what he may have in expectation after his father's death) to the meanest centinei, not able to iiiake a thousand pounds a year in landi-->mo8tof the Co- lonels Memoirs of Demit Lord HoUiu •877 thcsto lonels and officers mean tradesmen. Brewers, Taylors, Goldsmiths, Shoemakers, and the like; a notable dung* hill^ if one would rake into it, to find-out their several pedigrees: these to rebel against their Masters, put con- ditions upon them, upon the King, and the whole King* dom ; make their Will a Rule, that all the interests of King, Parliament, and Kingdom, must be squared by$ which they are not ashamed to declare here to the world. 145. And this pious Declaration, do these worthy Lords Thli Declaration of and Commons receive with much approbation, and with {lie 'Wmy in approved much thankfulness to God in the first place, and, next Zt^ttZ^ under him, to the ever-faithful army ; and. so became, like the Proselytes, which the Scribes and Pharisees made» twofold more the Children of Hell than themselves,— more ' " ' criminous, and guilty of a greater Treason, as having Rcfiectinm on tiie broke a higher Trust, being themselves pan of the Par. V''Y*'*"^^vk"^.Uw5''' liament "which they deserted and betrayed ; a wound given '"^"*** ' *'"" in the more noble and vital parts, tearing the bowels, and piercing to the very heart. Whereas, the army were but servants, outward and ministerial parts, so to be looked-upon, and so punished; slaves were crucified, but Citizens that betrayed were exterminated, they and their posterity, and the whole City turned into mourning, sen- sible of the loss of the bo4y> when deprived of a princu pal Member, * ' "^ 146. They should have remembered, that even at the time of the pretended force, which they would have men believe to have driven them away, the House lay under a. greater force, and themselves were greater slaves to the Justs of the Army, which trampled upon their necki, made them more contemptible than the smallest Court of Guard, that had but a Corporal to command it, to eat their Words, their Declarations, Orders, Ordinances, break their Faith, betray and destroy all that served them faithfully, give thanks for being cudgelled and abused, pray and pay, and be glad it would be accepted. Should not every Member have been sensible of such vio- lations an(jl injuries done to the Body ? But, some will say, it was as these men will have it, who were, like the sdnful lusts in the soul, quiet and well-pleased, while the strong man, the devil, keeps the house : So they were T 3 latisM «78 Memoirs of Denxil Lord HtUit. M ! Of the difference be-, tween the sudden, tnmultuary, force, pat on the P^rl la- ment by the Appren> tices ofLondon, and the force put upon it hy the Artaf. ^;J i!f^' satisfied with all that was done, because it was according to their minds, conducing to their ends. If it be so, and that they will be slaves, let them be slaves still ; for they deserve no better. The Army was the fittest place for them, as Brutus said of those he took prisoners, at the first battle o\ Philippic ** Let them go," says he, " they are greater Captives in their own camp, under Ctr jar and Anthony ^ than here." 147. They might likewise have considered, that the force upon the Parliament from the Army, as it was a greater, so it must have been a more horrid crime, of more dangerous consequence to the Kingdom, and more de:-. structive to the being of Parliaments, than that from thQ Apprentices ; which is, in my opinion, very clear. This, of the Apprentices, being a sudden tumultuary thing, of young idle people, without design, and without that obligation ; indeed, but an effect of the other, both, as following their example, and also as occasioned by the just offence which they had given the City; whereas, the violent ;:onduct of th^; Army was a formed, deep-laid, design of revenge upon those Members whom they called their enemies, and of domination over the Par« liament and Kingdom, carried-on both with power and cunning, laying the foundation of a perpetual tyran* ny, by a company of hired servants, that had deceived more wages, ten- times, than their work deserved, and now betrayed the trust reposed in them, rising against their Masters, whose own swords they turned upon their breasts, to force them to do most dishonourable, unjust, infamous actions, and to delivcr-upthemselves and theiCing« dom to their wills. So that, take the act of the Apprenticed at the worst, it is ex riralis minimum^ and that ot tbo^ fugt« tivc Members, at the best, (that is, on the supposition, thai they were really under a force, and under a tear,) they did, vitare Charibdim^ inddere in ScyllarUy and leap ( as the old Proverb is) out of the frying-pan into the fire, where* in they were unfortunate. And well would it be for them, in the day of their accounts, if it were but a misfortune. But it is too apparent, to have been, in some oi them, % prepensed malice and detestable combination. i iS. As for whiit they lay to the clcveQ Members, no Biiia in excitins: t'le tu'nult of the Appreaticea. Memoirs of Denzil Lord Holiis, ^^9 \eith ali the aggravations in that Declaration, I will not answer it as Mr. Nathaniel Fines did Mr. Walker"^ charge against him,by saying only*' thou liest/* and quoting along Theelevenmcmberi themargin, " first, second,third,andfourth lie." Butthisl had no hmd wil! say to disprove it, affirming it upon the word of a gentleman, and the faith of an honest man (I think I may speak as much for the whole number) I was not in the City all the time those businesseswere in agitation, — knew nothing of the Petitions nor actings in the Common- Council, — nothing of the City's engagement, — never saw it till two or three days after it was printed, — had not the l»ast thought of the Apprentices coming- down to Westmiu' stery nor notice of it till the very day at eleven of the clock, when they were already there. We had appointed, four days before, to meet each other that day at dinner at the Bell in King-street, there to even our reckonings, (because we had made a common purse for lawyers fees, and other charges, in preparing our answer for theHouse,) and then to take our leaves one of another, resolving to go several ways, some beyond Sea, some into the Country. As I was going into my coach (there was with me Sir Pkililt Stap/eton, Sir William Waller, Major-General Massey, and Mr, Long) one brought us word of the hubbub at the House \ where- upon we resolved not to go, and parted companies upon it: but presently Sir ffilliam Lewis's footman came to tell us, that his Master and Mr. Nichols were staying for us at the Belij upon which Sir Philip Stapleton, Sir Wil- liam IVatler, and myself (who were yet together ) went thither j but, hearing more of the disorder about fVest- minster'-hallt we would not stay so much as to make an end of our dinners, but present y came-:\way. I mention this particular, because, I know they have made z great matter of that meeting, as if it was to be near hand, to receive information, and send instructions according to occasion ; when we were as iimocent of it» as any of those who cry-out most against us } nay more, if it be true, (what is so confidently reported, as I said before,) that there were Independents most busy amongst that unruly multitude. 1 49. Here wc have seen, what those »vorthy fugitive Members did at the Army, and upon what ground j and, be< Ue!t, what little reason they had to go>away, upon the |*reiended torce^ which was a sudden thin^, that was then T 4 past. 11' 'I 280 Memoir i oJDenztl Lord Holllst •r !« P The Houses meet and chuse new Speakers. July 30, 1647. ; f H past, and care was taken that it rhould occur no more ; and they themselves had been lying before under a greaterforce, namely, that of the Army, which they purposely now ran again into, to continue it the longer upon themselves and the Kingdom. Now let us see what in the mean time was doing at London. 350. The Houses met according to the adjournment, upon Friday the SOth of July ; some six or seven score in the House of Commons, and as great a number of Lords in their House as of those who went to the Army, But all was mute, neither House having their Speaker; for whom they sent-about to seek, waiting till they had cer- tain information, how they had disposed of themselves. Then they fell into consideration of what was to be done; and that measure offered itself, which, in truth was obvious to every man's reason, namely, to choose other Speakers. For the Lords House there could be no question of their right to do so j it was every day's practice, their Speaker being but pro tempore, and changeable at pleasure; 80 they make choice of my Lord W,lloug.hby of Par- ham. For the House of Commons, it lay not so above- ground; their Speaker being a settled officer, made with great formalities, and not so moveable at pleasure. But, •' that he cannot be at all removed upon any occasion, not even for a misdemeanour (as it is not esteemed for a Speaker to be honest, or to be so powerful by his compliance with the major, or the more active, part of the House, to be borne-out in his knaveries, as some have the luck of it) or if he desert the House, (as Mr.Lcnlhol lately did,) or be disabled by sickness, or any other acci- dent," I think no man will say For then what Act of Continuance will be of avail to kccp-up the Parliament, eince It would depend upon the will of one man, or the uncertainty of his health, to frustrate all such provisions, and at any tiitir lo s^r a period to a Parliament ? 151. 'Ihcrefore they proceed to the choice of their Speaker, and pitch upon Wr.llenry Pelhum\ who, ac- cording to the custori, is presented at the Lords House Bar, brought-in by my Lord of Pembrouli^ in his robes, »nd llicrc received. J 52. They then go-on upon the businesr of the HouLe, take into consideration the Letter spokt-n of, sent by l\usk» ivurth 10 JNIr. Lcuil\atf the late S^caLer^ whid^ dii>covtTed ihc Memoirs ofDenzlt Lord Hollis, 281 re ; and r force, low ran Ives and ime was rnment, n score mber of e Army, iker; for had ceN mscWes. be done; s obvious peakers. of their Speaker pleasure; of Par- so above- lade with re. Bur, occasion, esteemed ill by his art of the have the '. LiHthol ther acci- at Act of Lrliament, in, or the revisions, I of their who, ac- ds House his robeS| 10 HouLe, by ftush* libcovcred the the intention of the Army to march-up against the City ; whereupon they ordc-r a letter to be written to the Gene- ral, signifying in what quietnf:%$ they sat, and that there- fore he should not advance hi« quarters any nearer. 153 They afterwards order the eleven Members, to come aiiti give thwT attendance, who were presently sent- for, and some others, that had been forced, by the Army, to forbear the House. I.'i4. For amongst other enormous proceedings of the Army, one was, upon pretence that some sat there, who had borne arms against the Parliament, or abetted the other side, they make the House enjoin some Gentlemen, to present a- state of their case upon certain Votes then passed, which put an incapacity upon such as were com- prehended in them, under a heavy penalty, if they forbore not the House of themselves, so compelling them either to accuse themselves against all rule of justice, and the very law of nature, undergoing the greatest hazard that could be ; for, if they failed in a tittle, (as .very well one might in a thing done, three or four years before,) or that any knave would come and swear something against him, they underwent the penalty, or else to deprive themselves of their rights, of sitting in the House, and so the town or county, which had chosen him, lose the service of their burgess or knight. Indeed this was a heinous villany : but they are guilty of so many that one drowns another. 1,55. Ihey pass a vote, that the King may be humbly desired, to come to his own house at Rtrkmirx, .h^t so the Housc.^ of Parliament and theCommissio* tr- of S:nt' land, inif^ht have access to him, to pror '>sp vvVial wa? n - cesjary for settling the Peace of the Kir ^jJum, and hiiuself be in a place of safety, out of the hands did power ot tiia Army, whose fair shews towards him :htv !uV. cause to s isptct to be no othtr than the kisses oi ,'nUnSy to betray and ruin both him and the Kingdom ; a'ld accordingly messengers were sent to attend him with it. But the Army frustratc-d all those endeavours, 156. Some other thingswere passed that day; andjlfsi 'ne I'arlianient should be wanting to itselt in uoing wh i ./u-. possible for its own defence and th(.'City*s,in case the Army should not stop upon tiie receipt of their lettpr, the Corn- niittee Tliey order tlie Ge- neral not to advano* nearer to Loudon. They order the ele- ven members, and some other mem- bers, to attend tb* Mouse. July d 1,1647* And v«ite that tlw Kinsf be desired to COM', tu Kicbmoud. Tlioy nUn provide fftr the ddl'Bce of the City, J 28S Memoirs o/DenzU Lord HoilU, i:-^^i 4' mittee of Safety is revive m4 Li)1 l| md ordered, as before, to join witn tne Militia, and provide for their protection. And all these steps were no more than were necessary on the occa« sion. Fo' Sir Thomas Fairfax and his two Councils of W ar, the fugitive Members and the Officers of the Army, would not vouchsafe to read the Letter, but march -on, ^a^j/ie/ioA* like, threatening ruin and destruction. Yet was there no such thought towards them, our end being not vim inferred but repellere, to get such a strength about us as might only defend, not offend. To that end those forces, which were quartered further oG["m Kent zad Surrey , (as Sir AV bert Pye's company. Colonel Graves* J f and some others,) were commanded to draw near the City, not offering or IKZnmined intending any act of hostility ; when, upon a sudden, the by Major Desbo- Sunday morning the 9d of August, a party of horse, rough. Auj^.2, 1647, about two regiments, (commanded, as I take it, by one , Desboroughy a Major,) fell into Deptford, where were some half a score of Sir Robert Pye*s Soldiers, (who had staid behind the rest to discharge the quarters,} and most in- humanly and basely butchered those poor men, as many as they could light-of ; — killing, besides, any that looked like aSoldier, whom they foundupon the way ,—^ome with- in a stone's cast of the works of Southuark. This, as it was a most barbarous and bloody murder (which will bring-down vengeance upon their heads soon or late, so that, though they should escape the hand of Justice here, the hand of God will certainly overtake them ) so did it something awaken the City to see their own danger, and, a little, quicken their pace todraw the ordnance upon their City are but works, and mail them something better \ but in truth, not much. For, I may say, they were a people prepared for ruin and slavery ; Gibbs and Fowhs principally had be- witched them \ and agents for the army, who were up and down, weakened men's hearts and hands, so as nothing was done to any purpose for putting them into a way of safety, or possibility of deliverance. All were desirous equally of Peace, but not all equally afraid of danger} those who feared it must, were the greatest cause of it : and some good, well-meaning, men of the assembly, Mr. Herbert Palmer and others, whom Mr. Marshal had wrought-upon, and persuaded to come to the Houses first, as being Ministers and Ambassadors) of Peace, to per"- The slow in |)i'epai ing for their defence. Memoirs ofDenzil Lord Hollis, 3SS 'c, to join And all the occa* s of War, y, would ibshekah' there no n inferrc, »ght only s, which as Sir tio' B others,) ffering or dden, the of horse, it, by one vere some had staid most in> , as many at looked iomewith- rhis, as it vhich will 1 or late, stice here, ) so did it iger, and, ipon their truth, not spared for r had be- 're up and s nothing > a way of \ desirous F dangen use oi it : ubiy, Mr. slial had le Houses Peace, to per- suade to Peace, and then to the Common -Council to do the like to them ; which did but dishearten and dis- courage those who were apt enough to fear, (being not so fully ready to resist a power that was coming upon them,) and did hinder the preparations. To say the truth, all was done that could he to hinder, and little to help. In- somuch that, at that very time, when the army was march- ing-up for their destruction, about 49,000l. (which had formerly been ordered to be sent-down for the army's drawing-ofF farther from the City,) could not be privily conveyed out of town by Sir yohn Woilastorii and some others, in which Mr. Scawen and Mr. ^Ilen, Members of the House, had a principal hand ; which was as great a blow to Parliament and City as could be given » for it served to keep the soldiers together, and unite them for marching -up J whereas, before, there were high discon- tents amongst them ; and it weakened us, even taking- away so much (as it were) of our blood, being that which, at that time, we principally stood in need of. 157. The Parliament did all that could be desired; yet, still with a resolution to endeavour the ways of pre- venting extremities. Those Commissioners of theirs, who were at the army, had, in a manner, disavowed them : for neve;- any thing came from them to the Houses ; s nd Mr Shippon, when the City sent to him to come , nd take the conduct and management of their business, (4 duty they might very well have expected from him,) was so far from performing it, that, he absolutely refused, except he might have an assurance from the Parliament, and fiorr iiem, to return again to the army, if he liked not his conditions ; which was a great ingratitude to those who had deserved so well of him, and an unworthy com- pliance with those who had formerly neglected him. 158. A Message was rcsolved-upon to be sent to the They send a nw^.;i* Army, tg see if they could be stopped from coming in that *« 'he Army, to ktop manner, to endanger putting all into blood ; Mr. Stuifen [,roath !o«^'db LoL and ^v, Ashurst^ as I remember, were nominated; the don. names of the rest I have forgot. The like was also prepared in the City, and more quick! v executed; upon Tuesday, Alderman Gibb.Sy Mr. Noely and some other Aldermen gnd Coinnion-CouQcilmen, were a^)pointed to go with it. And The Parliament art* resolutely, aud ye* prudently. ', it - ■ i 284 But the Army insists upon the City's abso* lute submisiiou. Anrf the City sub- nK% to then]. The A rmy inarches to LoBfkjii. Auu'isi 6, Sir Thomas Fnirfax rt'siores tlu- ((•niicr S nakcjh to tlicir Memoirs of DenzH Lord JhUii. And they soon resumed, not with an olive-branch, but with a heavy doom, to ihe honour of the City, freedom of the Parliament j and safety of the poor eleven Members, in the first place, and next, of all that had engaged in defence of the City. The keys of the City (if I misremember not j must be delivered to his Excellency ; — all the works, from the TAawey-side to Islington-ioxi^ must be demolished ; — the clevenMcmbers secured, or given-up,and all the Refor ma- do's, and Officers likewise, who were ready to have fought for them. This was as worthily, by the Common-Council, yielded-to, their Ambassadors notably promoting it. The eleven Members were not, indeed, seised nor delivered-up, but, (which was as bad) they were left to shift for themselves, no care at all being taken for their preservation j though the City had now, this last time, wholly embarked in their trouble, and engaged them in their business, petitioning the House of Commons to enjoin them to attend the ser- vice of the Housci the said Members themselves, not at all moving in, or desiiiiig, it. Nay, they did not so much as provide for Major general Masaeijt w horn they had made their Commander in Chief; but, like hsamar, bowed tinder the burden, betrayed themselveSj and all that had to do with them. 1 .59. Here was an end of the Parliament; and, in truth, of the City, all whose glory is laid in the dust i and, sis it was high before in reputation, both at home and abroad j so it is now become a hissing, and reproach to all that see fi, or hear of it. The next day. Sir Thomas Fairfax^ sends to take possession, and, the day after ihat, marches in State, bringing with hini thos": deserting Lords and Commons, and the Earl ct Manchester and 'M.r.Lenthatj the two pretended Speakers; and not vouchsafing to look upon t! e Lor 1 Mayor and Aldermen, who were there, with the Recorder, provided with a Speech for his en- tertaininerr, which he uid not so well deserve, as they did that scorn then put upon them. J (iO. He goes straight to the Mouses, puts these two men in the places of the two Speakers, though they had no more right to them than himself; and has ever since continued them by force, and keeping-out the true Speakers ; which [ho hard irilluughbtj is to the i'eers (that House having been under an adjournment, i^ad nut tilting, when the Intruder Quue ... » , but with otnof the ers, in the defence of not j must from the hed ;-— the Reforma- ave fought n-Council, ng it. The Hvered-up, hemselves, n; though ked in their petitioning ind the ser- 'S, not at all so much as r had made tflrr, bowed all that had id, in truth, •-. and, as it nd abroad \ I all that see IS Fairfax^ It, marches Lords and Ir. Lenthat, ing to look were there, for his cn.- ire, as they se two men ad no more continued ers i which laving been tic Intruder Jiiffnoirs of DenzU Lord HoUh. came-in, and so not in a capacity to admit him) and Mr. Pelham is to the Commons, having been legally chosen, when the House was free, and under no force ; the other having deserted, which is of all Crimes the greatest, 161. So, as without him, it is no House, l^ut an as-* sembly of men, acting under the Army, withbut lawful authority ; some of them, by a combination and agree- ment with the Army, but far the greater part by a terror, and an awe from it, and therefore to be looked-upon ac- cordingly ; and, questionless, many of them continuing there out of a good, intent, like so many Huskais, only to defeat the pernicious counsels of those AchitophelSfV^ho had designed the destruction of David, the ruin of honest men, and even the trouble and confusion of the whole i^rae/ of God, Church and State. These are so far from deserving thereby, either to become the objects of blame or pardon, that they merit exceedingly, are worthy the praise both of present and future times; but ought to be con« sidered rather as faithful patriots, (that act out of necessi- ty in an extraordinary way, and stand in the gap to keep- off mischief,) than as Members of Parliament, able, or in- deed qualified, to exercise any Parliamentary Power, for the good of the Kingdom ; the House having been dis- turbed, and for the time suppressed, by a real force, not a feigned and imaginary force, as the other was ; and, while force continues, not sufiered to come-together ; but, as soon as it ceases, the Assembly will return of itself to be as it was before, li lawful and etfective Ilousj of Commons. 1C2. For there is a difference betvveen these two cases; one, the Parliament's acting under a force, remaining still to be a Parliament, which does not annul it, nor the Acts it does; but makes them fit to be repealed, yet, siar.ding good, />ro tempore, J GS. Many of our best Laws have been so made (when armies have been on foot) and atierwavds declared good in a free Parliament j and so much, of what was then done, as did appear to be inconvenient and unjust, was, by sub- sequent Parliaments, repealed. So is it fit, that what was compelled lo be done by the House, in compliance with the Apprentices md others, in that tuiuuhuous way, the Monda^ that the force was upon them, should be repealed, as uoi fit to be cu&iiaued. And so all that has been 285 ! - ft! ;. ^S88 'Mftnoirs ofDenzll Lord tJoIUs, II If m tr%- m i. It • 'N been done for a great while, under the power and force of the Array, since it first rebelled, and gave Laws to the Par- liament, is- as fit, if not more, to be hereafter repealed ; and questionless will be so, if ever the Parliament comes to be free, again. Nay, even these pretenders do us that right, as (finding the proceedings of the Parliament, after their de- sertion^tobenot suitable to theirends,but agzunst them,) to make an Ordinance to repeal and declare them null; which otherwise would not have been needful, seeing they would fall of themselves, being crimes, in their own nature, as proceeding from an usurped authority. This is one case ; the other is, when a force proceeds so far, and so high, as not to suffer a Parliament to be; but gives it such a wound, that, for the time,it cannot act, but must cease, even as a wounded body that lies in a trance, without sense or mo* tion: But, when that force is over, and the spirits are re- collected, it returns to itself, to do the functions of life, and move and act as formerly. It is but like a parenthe- sis in a sentence, which remains still, one and the same, as if the parenthesis were not at all. TheGenwaTisthant- 164, But to return where I left. This General, (a setter- If lith H*^ ^f'*'"^" up and puller-down ofParliaments;) has a chair set for him in either House ; where, first, in the Lord's House, and then in the Commons, those pretended Speakers make speeches to him, giving him thanks for all, approving his declaration of the reasons of his coming to London^ de- siring him to go-on, in taking care for the security of the Kingdom, and to appoint a guard for the Parliament. Than which, there was never any thing more base ; but Mr. Lenthai exceeded, being both base and prophane, applying a Higgaior Selah^ to this last act of his Excel- lency, who, as wisely took it. Then, that the profane- ness might be compleat, and God mocked, as well as An(!aDaj omianks- men abused, they appoint the Thursday after, for a day tTfeJotoCnol of Thanksgiving, and fitted it with Preachers, Mr.Af«r- iLc l*arliaincnt. aAq/ and Mr. A^ye. fSmeon and Lci»i,) where, they szy. Mar. shai oxMweni all that had gone before him, and his Brother A/ye was a modest Presbyterian, in comparison of him : but that Apostate, Marshal, went beyond Kla, making this de- liverance a grtater one than that from the Gun-powder- 'rreason. Memoin ^DmxULerd Hittth, 28!^ id force of the Par- ealed ; and )mes to be It right, as r their de- them,) to ull; which hey would nature, as one case ; ;o high» as h awound, , even as a ise or mo- irilsarere- )ns of life, parenthe- the same, il, (a setter- set for him ]ouse» and ikers make proving his ondon, de- urity of the Parliament, base; but prophane, his Excel- he profane- , as well as •, for a day , Mr.Mar- ;y szy, Mar- his Brother of him : l?ut king this de- un-powder- Treason* Treason, as I have been credibly Informed by Aose that And Jie ^1io1«Aiibt heard him. And.some few days after. Sir TAomasFair/a.v Xou^'^eCUy. and the whole Army mardted in triumph Drith Lawrel in Aiis-6, i647> their hats, as CSonquerors, through the subdued City of toruion, to shew it was at his mercy ; which was an airy vanity, I confess, above my understanding, and might have raked a spirit of Indignation, not so easily to have been laid. But a higher insolpncy of an Army composed of so mean people, and a more patient, humble, submis- sion and bearing of a great and populous City, Cbut a little before so full of honour and greatness,) was, I tlunk^ never heard^of. 165. And now the Houses fall to voting, the Lords The Houses pass leading the way, and out-d(Mng the Commons, as much «everal votes m k- as Ut.Lenthal out-did the Eari of Manchester in the ^ouroftheArmy. Thanksgiving, or Mr. Marshall did Mr, Nye, in the ji^„^ make Sir Tho- thanksgiving-Sermon. They make Sir Thomas Fairfax mas Fairfax Con- Generalissimo, Commander in Chief of all the forces in 'table of tbe Tower, the Kingdom, and Constable of the Tower ; otherwise signifying Mr. Oliver Cromwell, of whom Sir Thomas was the shadow. They thank his Excellency over-again for his care of the saifety of the City and Parliament, (Risum teneatis amicif) leave it wholly to him to appoint what Guards he thinks fit for their security, (Sed quis cus" todiet ipsos custodes f) give a month's pay for a gratuity to the Army, for their many good services, which ispr^m/um nequitiie', then set-up the Star-Chamber, the High-Com- mission, the Spanish Inquisition, in one Committee of ten Lords and twenty Commoners (read-over but their names, and you will swear it, except for four of the Com- moners, who are very unequally yoked, sixteen against them) to sit in the Painted-Chamber de die in diem^ to examine the business of the Mutiny, and of forcing the - Houses. 166. So far the Lords lead, and the Commons follow; but in another Vote the Lords go by themselves a good while *' that all things done by the Members, since (as they injuriously and falsely pretend ) the Speakers, and other Members, were driven-away from the Parliament, be an- nulled, and of no e£fect,aad be declared to have been so at 988 Memdirt qftoenzil Lord tluUlt, Wf< The HoBse oiCom- noiifl refuse to annul devotes (last during Ae absence of the Speakers. Auj^. 17. I64&. Tbe Agitators here- upon present an Ad- 4lrea& to tbe Geuend. Wbrcb is «ppro*cd l>y the CoulrcU of Officers. And a nrmonstrance of the Army is ac- cordingly juesented to the I'arhament. An^. 18. 1(>47. the making thereof." The Commons cannot agree to thl^, but put-off the debate to another time. Some sense of honour there was amongst them, and of the dangerous con- sequence of such a Vote, besides the unreasonableness and injustice, taking-away the authority by which those Votes were made, and so exposing to question and ruin,allsuch as were present at making them, or had acted by them. Many days debates were spent upon it : but it could n t be car- ried^ the House of Commons would be a House of Com> mons still. And, as they represent the people of England^ so they would assert their Liberties, if they were left to themsefves, and not over.':wed by the power of the Army. 167. Therefore the Agitators must to work again, with an humble Address to his Excellency, and some propo> sals on behalf of the Kingdom and the Army : First, That all those that have sat at JVeitmhister, usurping a parlia- mentary authority, since the forcible expulsion of the Parliament, may immediately be excluded the House. Secondly, That those Members who have adhered to that preiended Parliament, maybe also excluded under a penalty, if they presume to it. Thirdly, That all former Votes against disaffected Members may be put In execution. And this is to make a free Parlbment, for those rogues to determine who shall sit, who shall not, and how they shall be punished, who disobey them. Those Lords and Commoners deserve well of Parliament and Kingdom, that ran*away from the Parliament, and went to the Army for this. 168. Sir Thomas Fairfax, and the Council of War answer presently: for it is but a song of two parts, majc- ing one harmony, all set by the same hand. A Remon- strance is forthwith produced, and sent to both Houses the 18/A of nAuguxt, a sorrowful ditty for the poor House of Commons, which tells them plainly, after a tong de- duction of all passages, just lying over the same lies again, 1 hat those Members, which sat during the absence of the Speakers, are guilty of the prosecution and main- tenance of the said treasonable engagement and vio- lence ; and, therefore, must not be their Judges (but their adverse Party shall be theirs, which is Army-Justice) That they might have been made IViscntrs of War; where- lot agree to thl^. Some sense of ; dangerous con- sonableness and lich those Votes (lruin,allsuchas by them. Many lould n t be car- House of Com- )ple of Englandf they were left to wer of the Army, work again, with md some prcpo* rmy : First, That isurping a parlia- expulsion of the jded the House, have adhered to > excluded under rhirdly, That all ibers may be put i free Parliament, lall sit, who shall uvho disobey them, ivell of Parliament ; Parliament, and Council of War F two parts, majc- land. A Remon- nt to both Houses or the poor House y, after a tong de- ►ver the same lies during the absence lecution and main- agement and vio- their Judges (but :h is Army-Justice) riscners of War; where- Memo'>rs ofDenzil I at 4 HallU, wherefore thfiy protest and declare, if they hereafter In- trude t' ..mselves to sit in Parliament, they can no longer suffer it, but will take some speedy, effectual, course, that b -tth th:?y and others guilty of the same practices, may be brought to condign punishment. 169. And they back this Remonstr.i'v.:e (for which the Lords return a Letter of approb^ition, aiidjgieat tluuik-; to his Excellency, for his contiiiueil care of^the honour and freedom of Parliament) with a party of a thousand horse, drawn-up to Hijde-Par&i Cmmwell and Ireton making menacing speeches in the Hous'', and guards, out of the Army, besetting the doors and avenues. By all which means, and the terror of their surly, impeaching, looks (as some of the Pamphleteers ob^- ' ve it) many of the Members were driven-away, and ' -oor House forced, on the 20f/&of August, to pass th. ordinance for declaring all Votes, Orders, and Ordinances, made in one or both Houses, from July 26, till August 6, null and void. And now they are a free Parliament, or, (as ffasle- rig told them, the next day after the eleven Members were withdrawn,) a glorious Parliament! though, in truth, no Parliament. But they are what Mr. Crumw&ll will have them to be. J 70. Then they lay about them, impeach seven Lords of High-Treason, sparing only my Lord of Panihook. They proceed against some of their own Members, sus- pend Mr. Baintouy put Commissary Copki/ and Mr. Re- corder out of the House, whom they commit to the Tower for high Misdemeanours j e.\pell likewise Sir John Maynard, and send him to the lower. The rest of the eleven Members, upon the City's delivering-up it- self and the Parliament to the will of the Army, having sent for their passes, (which the House had oidered,) and, upon them, withdrawn themselves into foreign parts, the Lord Mayor and some of the Aldermen were likewise im- prisoned in the Tower, and charged with Treason : And all honest men persecuted, threatened, and therefore fled and scattered, <«ome one way, and some another ; and these are the eflfects of a free Parliament. 171. The Lieutenant of the Tower, Colonel IVest, an honest and gallant man, after he had been at ciiarge to treat and entertain Sir Thomas Fahjax^ coming to take u posses- 269 Which Remon- strance is accom- panied with threats of violence. Bv which means the Commons are pre- vailed- upon to annul their former votes. Aug. 20, 1647. The House of Com- nioiis.in obedience to theAi iny,|>roceeds to impeach and perser cute several persons. ■M Sir Tliomas Fairtlw rhangp<; the LiCute* nantof the Tower. Aug. 9, 1647. ..1^ '11.> %^. o^, \^ ^y IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■JO "^^ H^n ^ Uii §22 2.0 IL25 i 1.4 1^ Mil M 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation :i>^ c\ \ ^ >,/^\ 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WIUTH.N.Y. I4SI0 (7U) I7a-4S03 ? A deed it had been against his Instructions, and the Maxim of his Master Cromwell, and all that faction, which is to suffer none in any power, save such as are theirs, Body and Soul, and to put all others out. 172. So Colonel Pointz was seized-upon, and by force fetched out of his Command in the North; Major-Gene- ral Masset/, must not continue in his of the West } Cap- tain Patten turned out of his Vice-Admiralship, and Rainsborough put-in ; Colonel Came out of the Govern- ment of the Isle ot Wight, and Hammond In his room. .The self-denying ordinance was a trick for this purpose. In the beginning of these troubles Sir IVilliam Lewis nut agreeing with their palate, being Govemour of Ports* mouth, they make the Earl of Essex, who was then Gene- ral, . send for him, upon a supposhion that he was a fa< vourer of Malignants, and of many other things ; which being examined by the Committee of Safety, he gave so good an account of himself, that the Committee could not do less than write a Letter in his justification to the General, leaving it to him to repair him as he thought fit. Then some of these honest men, who themselves had subscribed to it, sent a Letter privately to my Lord of ' Essex, by which they advised his not sending nim back to Portsmouth ; which juggling of theirs he received with indignation, and wished Sir IVilliam Lewis to return to - his command. But he,seeing what men he had to deal with, quitted the Employment; and, to say the truth, he only can be happy who has nothing to do with them, except it be in punishing them according to their demerits. 173. They have now (they think) both Houses to their mom lummoni the minds, ready to do whatsoever they please. Accordingly \rl*i^ Membtri to j|jg House of Connnohs orders those of the eleven Mem- ^^ ber«, The House of Cnm« •«>•• Memoirs ofDenzil Lord Hpllit" 89J bers, who were beyond Sea upon their passes, which gave them liberty of travelling six months, to appear the IQth of October, takmg no course to have them sum- moned, only notice to be given at their Houses, or places of their last abode, where few of us had any Servants, myself onlv an old Porter and a Maid or two. 1 74. Then they go-on to the publick business, to do such work as the Army had cut-out for them. Which were certain Proposals, that Sir Thomas Fairfax and the Coun- cil of War, had sent them the 1*/ of August, signed by yohn Rushworih, Secretary,* now far above /oAra Brown, and Hemy Rising.* In these they set-down a new plat- form of Government, an Utopia of their own, take upon them to alter all, give Rules to all, cajole the King, claw with the people, cheat both, never intending good to either. The reading of the Articles themselves, which are in print, will satisfy every body ; they need no Com- ment, and are so many, and of so vast a comprehension,, that to treat of them all, to shew the absurdities, contra-' dictions, impossibilities, unreasonableness, which many of them contain, would swell this to too big a Volume. ' I will only speak to some few of them, and shew how they dissolve the whole frame of this Monarchy, taking a-siinder every part, puUing-out every pin, and new- making it. First, The constitutions and proceedings of Parliaments ; projecting new things for their beginnings, continuances, Sinaending[s, for the elections of Members, privileges, and fustoms of the Houses; which they had violated before de facto : but now they must be altered dejure. Secondly, The Militia of the Kingdom; where they will have a General appointed to command it, Pay settled to maintain it, a Council of State to superintend it : which signifies to establish by Act of Parliament this holy Army, the Council of War, and General Cromwell, Then matters of the Church ; where they will have no' power exercised to preserve Religion and Piety. They would have Bishops, so they may be merely Cyphers ; and all Acts of Parliament to be repealed, which hinder men from being Atheists or Independents; for nobody must be enjoyn'd to come to the Church. And there may be Meethigs, to practice any thing of superstition and ioUy ; V 2 . and 'i^xij^f^r They take the p/o- posals of the ai my into cotiiiiileration. • The Secretary of Sir Thoriias Fairfax, the (.ieiieral of the Army. Remarks on the'pro- posals. • The Clerks of ilie two Houses of Par- liament. On that concevnjug tlie Parliament. On that concerning theMiiitiu. On that concerning the Church. i r' ' *■ rt ,. . •' I ■I ^ S99 MmoWi •/ Denzil Lord HnllU, ■«.;» Its 1^1 !'^ ind the Covenant must be laid-aside. In sum, it is to take- a^"^y all Government, and set up'Independency. Mi^is'tfatr *"* •*' , Ttey propose a new ^ay for making grand Jurymen, Justices of Peace, and Sheriffs. When these and many other things which they mention, are settled, (which will take-up time enough,) then the King, Queen, and Royal The Ri ht of p ti. '®"^ *'*'°^® restored j which is as much as just nothing, tioning.^ ** ^ * ^^^^ they make the people believe they do as great mat- ters for them . Thr y will have a liberty of petitioning : which 18 but to make way for schismatical, seditious, Petitions ; for, if any Petition stick at their Diana^ none so fierce to punish. Who, more than they, against all the Petitions from Lon^ , <^o«» and the Counties, for disbanding of the Army, and ' ' *o»^plaining of thehr factious ways ? how eager were they agamst the Petitions promoted in the City in thebeginning, for which ^en/on was fined, and many troubled ; and some Petitions out of Kentt for which some Gentlemen were committed ? How barbarously did they fall upon some poor women, who came one time iolVestminster, petition- ing for Peace, when they commanded a troop of horse to run-over them, and the Trained-Bands to shoot at them, whereby many were wounded, and some killed ? Yet, the world must think, that they will have it free for all to Petition. Then they will have the Excise taken-oflf from some commodities, whereon the poor people live ; and a time limited for taking-off the whole : which was but to please . and amuse them till they had ^ot the mastery of those who, they thought, stooa in their way. But, being mas- ters themselves, they soon sent-out a Command, (more now than any Proclamation or Ordinance,) to forbid all SQldiers, any wayt to interrupt the levymg of the Excise, or any other tax, charged by the Parliament, which they had made merely instrumental to poll the people, for the support of them and their Faction. They will have noTythes to be paid •, and so Ministers to b^ Starved. For, in truth, they would have no Ministers at all» or rather no Ministry i wkR Julian the Apostate, takp vwAyPredyterium, not Presbyteros : for Ministers that will be subservient to them, like Mr. Manhail, shall be maide n\uch*of. 1'he rules and course of Law must be reduced. In- dted^ they will need no Law ; for they will rule by the Sword , TLt Excite. TythM. L«wprw«Mdiagi: Memoirs of Denzil Lord HoUis. 29ft Sword, and the Councils of War shall supply all Courts ' ' - of Justice. Prisoners for debt, if they have riot where-with to pay, Pmcm against must be freed. So, we may be sure, few debts shall be sa- '^*'*'°'"»* tlsfied : for it is an easy thmg, so to convey or conceal an estate, that nothing visible will be left for doing right to Creditors. None must be compelled to answer to questions, tend- Examination of Wit- ing to the accusing themselves, or their nearest relations, in «»«««»• criminal causes. Witness their orders to make men, un- , der great penalties, state their case, in no less matter than Treason. Therefore, this is understood to extend only to the privilege of their own Faction. We must alter all Statutes and Customs of Corporations, Rights of Corpor**. and of imposing oaths, which may be construed to the t'*''"* molestation of religious people ; that is. Independents ; for all others are Greeks and Barbarians. Yet. these men, in how many Letters and Declarations, do they say, and pro- test, they have no thought of setting-up Independency, nor to meddle with any thing but what concerns the soldiery, and .leave all the rest to the wisdom of the Parliament. Indeed, they conclude their proposals with what con- Payment of the Ar^ cerns the soldiery: That provision n»y be made for rear* due to the SoU payment of arrears to the Army, and the rest of the sol- ' * . diers of the Kingdom, who have :oncurred with them in . - . their late proceedings: and, in the next place, of the pub- lick debts and damages of the Kingdom, which they have taken a course, that the Parliament shall never sa- tisfy, having caused such a debt to the soldiers, and so insupportable a charge for the maintenance of the army, (which is to be satisfied, in the first place, before other debts, to the rest of the Kingdom,) that the Subject is not able to bear it, but is utterly ruined. - 1 73, To some of these Heads, they say, they will offer some speedy particulars, in the nature of Rules, of good use to the publick : Rules indeed, from which, and from the Rulers, good Lord deliver us 1 But here, you see, they compile a work, like the second part of Solomon's^ treating from the Cedar in Lebanon to the Hyssop on the wall ; of all degrees and conditions, from the King that should be on the Throne, to the Beggar in Prison. And since they have brought both ends together ; so now we have a tree Parliament, and a free Kingdom. u3 176. Every 294' Memoirs of Denzil Lord HoUit. :! ^ .i.> ri e djfficu. ties the 176. Every day produces some effects of their tyranny Arniv.party had to ^j im i. ^/- • i ^ /l / overcome to put and powcr; like another y//ncA:, some monster: though their diesigas in exe- they were not without their difficulties, to wrestle with cutjoii. j^jjj overcome. For to bring so absolute a bondage upon a people that was free before, could not be without many • . , heats and colds. In the first place, they had the King to deal-with, wliom they must, in some measure, satisfy and persuade, that they had good intentions towards him, to ' , restore and maintain him in a power and dignity, suitable to his royal person and office ; from which the truth and bottom of their design did differ ^o/ocfp/o. Secondly, they had the King's party to treat with j whom they must enter- , * tain in hopes and expectation, and then cozen. Thirdly, they had the Parliament to manage j which must be kept- under, brought to obedience, and a total subservience to theirwill andcommand. Fourthly, they had thegenerality of the people to be also considered ; who were for Govern- ment and Monarchy, founded upon Peace, (as they had rea- son, ) and were desirous to be eased of their burdens and taxes ; with hopes whereof the Army had fed them : but it stood not with their interest to procure it for them. And, lastly, they had their own Faction, to watch-over and di- rect ; which troubled them most of all, they being violent, impatient, not to be gained to go the pace of their Gran- dees, and wait the revolutions of time, which the Gran- dees desired might have taken place, in order gradually to bring-about the same things, which those headstrong, furious, people wished-for, but widi more ease, advantage Wid greatness, to themselves. - 177. For, they apprehend it very dangerous to fall pre- sently upon his Majesty, and break with hirti, seeing the fa- vourable inclinations of the people towards him, and that he is at liberty for all persons to have access unto him, whom he might confer-with,inform,and dispose, according to occasion ; and perhaps, take some re-^olutions which, they apprehended, might turn to their prejudice. Besides, they knew not how the Scottish Nation might then declare and engage; which, (with the help of those, whom they had already discontented by their injustice and oppression, in the execution of their particular malice and revenge, and ol those whom they should discontent, by frustrating •their expectation, having born them in hand, with hopes of Peace, and freedom IVom Tuxes,) must needs have given a grout Cromwell and other ^icai utiicei8 of the Aiiiiv, klicw great U'iiuid to the Kin^> Memoirs ofDenzil Lord Hut/is. 295* a great interruption to their proceedings, and even have , shaken the foundation of their whole design. Therefore, ' they must work in another way, make his Majesty believe they will do great things for him, so to receive rather an ' . advantage, than hindrance, from his influence upon the affections of the Kingdom^ To this end, were all those applications to him by Crow we//, Ireton, and the rest of '' • , their creatures and instruments, in framing of the propo- sals, appearing for his interest in the House, seeniing to desire his restitution, being, now, turned absolute Cour- ...^ tiers. They knew it would at last come all to one, with that which they have since done to him. For coming to a settlement, with his concurrence, they had the power, he had only vanam imaginem; and what of lustreand quiet- J,] ness would have been contributed by his Majesty's con- junction with them, would but have served to confirm and heighten their authority ; all would have been but stilts to raise them above the rest of the Kingdom, and above him- self likewise : so that it would have been in their power (as well we are sure it would have been in their will) to destroy him afterwards ; and he ^vould have only been a little longer reprieved, as Ulysses was by Polyphemus^ to . ..^ . be devoured at last. 178. But thePartywouldnotgivewaytothis. Hatred to PheytttS'Army the King, Envy and jealousies against their aspiring Lead- jealoui of theob ers, and a violent desire to have the work done at once, to lay all persons and things level on the sudden, and bring- forth their monstrous conceptions, all at one birth, made them break-out, fly in the fa^fjs of their Leaders, disco- ver many of their villanies, and (as appears by that busi- ness of Lilburn and Wildmarii) even resolve to take Cram- ivell out of the way, and murder him for an Apostate. 17y. When Cromwell, Ireton^ and the rest saw this. Whereupon they and that this madness of the inferior sort of their Disci- t»ke new mcurefc pies, (which had formerly raised and supported them, and lately given them the advantage of their enemies, victory over the Parliament, and a superiority over all the Kingdom,) would now be their ruin, if either they closed thoroughly with the King (for then their Party would for* sake them, and turn against them; and they knew they had SOT well-merited of King and Kingdom, as not to expect to be preserved in greatness, either for honesty or abili* u 4 ties,) • A 296 Memoirs of Denzil Jjord HoUit, /nd contrive to get the Kine to remove from Hampton- Court. Thf ir artifices to bring this about. They incense the Army against him. Then inform him of bis danger whilst io the Army, %nd pre- tend great concern for him ; and, to gain confidencewith him, suppress a mutiny in the Army, by put- ting a man to death. Nov. 1647. Tlien send him a letter to acnuaint bim with his aanger. And advise him fn go tuilie Isle of Wight; which he don. Nov. 10, IO47. * ties,) or, if the King continued at liberty zt I^ampton- Courts or any other place, where freedom of resort might be to him, (and opportunitiestaken and improved to meet* with and prevent all their attempts,) that then it would be impossible to carry-on their business in an open and declared wgy of violence against him* They saw a ne- cessity of removing him, and ihakingsure of his person; that done, they thought they might be bold to do and say what they would, and own, a second time, the actings and resolutions of the Agitators. 180. The difficulty was, how to bring this about ;— > to cozen the King, so as to make him act it himself, and fly into the cage. To carry him by force, they durst not ; it would be unhandsome, it might be dangerous : They use this stratagem, — heightenand sharpen, underhand, the BUid humour of their Party against him, to have it break« put in all manner of ways, in threatening Speeches, and Pamphlets j some consultations, that, whilst his Majesty lived in Ensiand, they could not be safe ; meetings to consider, and come to some resolutions, of taking him out of the way : the Army is again discontented, the officers ^ot obeyed, and all tnings tending to mutiny and some violent eruption. Then doesMr. Cromweilt andhisCabmet> Council, seem to be extremely soUicitous for the safety of hisMajesty's person, and cause some discoveries to be given him of his danger ; express great indignation and trouble in the House, in the Army, and other places, against these proceedings, and act their part so to the life, that the Lite of a Man must go to make-up the disguise : an Agitator, (whom, with two more, they condemned at a Council of War) was shot to death ; so that the Kingcould not but have a great confidence in these men, and believe that they were really anxious for his preservation. At last, Cromwell writes % letter to fVhallev (who commands the Guards about his Majesty's person) to be shewn his Ma- jesty ; and other informations are likewise brought him^ to make him believe, that, if he escaped not presently, he will b^ murdered ; and he is advised to go ta the Isle of f flight, where they had, beforehand, provided him s^'iay* lor, ColoQcl Hammond f one for whomi they said« tney V 'a COUI4 Memoirs of Denzil Lord Hollis, 297 could answer, that there his Majesty would be in safety^ and ihey able to serve him. 181. Here they have the King safe enough, and now the Army is presently quiet, the Agitators, as obedient as lambSj and Councils of War are set-up again to act as formerly. And Sir Thomas Fairfax, with their advice, sets out a Remonstrance to give satisfaction to the Army, which he concludes with a Protestation, to adhere to, conduct, live and die with the Army in the prosecution of some things there expressed; as namely, To obtain a present provision for constant Pay, stating of Accounts, security for Arrears, with an effectual and speedy course to raise Monies, a period to be set to this Parliament, provision for future Parliaments, the certainty of their meeting, sitting, and ending, the freedom and equality of Elections, and other things which he had the impudence and boldness to publish in print. 182. And now, instead of the Proposals, they intend to send the four Bills to his Majesty to sign, which done, they would treat with him. By these Bills the Army was to oe established, which was the English of that for the Militia; and, by another oi them, they would make sure that the countenance of the Parliament, and the acting of the Army, should never be separated ; which was the intent of that for power of adjourning. So, that if, at any time, the just sense of indignation at so many indignities and injuries offered by the Army to all ranks of men. Magistrates, both supreme and subordinate, and people of £tll conditions and degrees, should stir them up to some endeavours of casting-off this iron Yoke ; their party in Parliament, with their Speaker, Mr, Lenthal's help, should presently be ready to adjourn to the Army, and then damn and destroy all the world by colour of Law and power of the Sword ; so King and Kingdom must be subject to a perpetual slavery by Act of Parliament. 183. The Scots were laid-aside in this Address to his Majesty, contrary to the Treaty, and contrary to the Co« venant. By the Treaty, there ought to have been no application for peace, but with their advice and consent ; here the Scots did not only not advise nor consent, but protested against it. By the Covenant all were bound to keep The General and Council of Officers publish a Remon- strance for the satis- factioa of the Army. } The Parliament tends fuur Bills t» tlic King to siga. Dec. 14. lQi7' 'I'liisis (lon^^ against the iuclination'of the Scots* Dec. 27, mr. 298 l^emoirs of Denzil Lord Hollis, Dec. 15, 1647> Tt>e King refti«p< fo st^n ihc billii, and is theiciumn cldscly confined by C'cl. llammoud. And Capt Bui ley is hanged for cndea- voitriiip; to set him at libnt^'. 2lJun> l64:-8. Further procrcdini;* against the imi^cuch- cd Lc>rdi« Feb Q, 1647-6. keep united, firm and close one to another, not to suffer themselves to be divided. But here these men do divide from the whole Kingdom of Scotland, and make a rent and breach between the two Kingdoms in settling of the Peace, which was the very end both of Treaty and Co- venant. J 84. And as for that subterfuge, "that it is against the privilege of Parliament thatanypersonsoutof the Houses should interpose, or have any thing to do with Bills," it is a mere cavil, fig-leaves which cover not their nakedness. For that would have been no more against Privilege, than was the whole transaction of business in carrying-on- of the War, and managing other great concernments of Parlia- ment and Kingdom, wherein the Scots all along were ad- mitted to participate in counsel and Interest. 1 85. The King, refusing to sign these Bills, Hammond, by Sir Thomas Fairfax^ single orders, claps him up a pri- soner,andremovesall his servants. It seems by this time they had forgot tht ir Remonstrance of the 23d of June,, where they say it is against their principles to imprison the King, and that there can be no peace without due consideration of his Majesty's rights : But then was then, and now is now. It was then necessary for the good of their affairs to seem gracious, desirous of peace, and of restoring the King. Now they appear in their own colours, their na- ture having no restraint ; nay. Sir Thomas Fairfax*s com- mand is so absolute and sacred, that Captain Burley was hanged for endeavouring to oppose it, there bdng at that time no other pretence for his Majesty's imprisonment, but because Sir Thomas Fairfax had commanded it : it is true, that upon his signification to the Houses of what he had done, it was approved-of and confirmed. ] 86. All this while a rigorous hand is continued against the impeached Lords who were under the Black Rod, the Gentlemen of the House of Commons, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen in the Tower, who had been kept prisoners so many months, upon a general impeachment, and no particular charge against them. It was often endeavoured in the House to have passed the articles which were brought-in against the Lord fVilloughby, to be a leading case to the rest. Where I cannot pass by, that I find he is charged with Treason for levying War against the King, and ! . "• Memoirs of Denzil Lord IloUit. , , and this done by the same persons that imprison the King, and had hanged Burley for levying War for him : one may see they will find matter to hang on all hands. Many debates were had on this business, and at last it was re- solved to lay the articles aside. 187. The seven Lords still pressed for their trial, the House of Peers as often sent-down to the House of Com- mons to give them notice of it; and no charge coming-up^ they set them at liberty. The Common-Council like- wise petitions for the liberty of their members in the Tower ; which the Army took so heinously, as that and the laying-aside of the Charge agsunst the Lord ff^illougbt/, together with a Vote which had passed for disbanding the supernumerary forces, produce a thundering Remonstrance of December the 7th, casting in the Parliament's teeth their delays and neglects: That the Army had with patience waited four months upon them : That finding such ob- structions in matters of supply, and such unworthy re- quital, they apprehended God upbraids their care to preserve a people given-up to their own destruction: That they could, to speak Amen, with the power and ad- vantages God had put into their hands (for so is their ex- pression), have put the Army, and other forces engaged- with, into such a posture as to have assured themselves of pay, and made their opposers have followed them with offers of satisfaction : That now all business seems to be wrapt-up in one bare vote. That all supernumerary forces should be disbanded, which vote they say they cannot imagine to be absolute and sovereign : They offer, as their final advice, that 40,000/. more per mensem be added to the 60,000 /. that is, in all, 100,000 /. a-month. That, for the more sure and ready payment, the forces may be im- mediately assigned to several counties, out of whose taxes they shall be paid, and the General have po^er to make those distributions. And many things more they offer, or rather order, for the payment of the soldiers, so per- emptorily, that, if it be not granted and passed effectually by the end of that present week, they say they can give no longer account of (he Army in a regular way ; but, if they find not satisfaction in their judgements, must take some extraordinary ways of power. Then they come and 399 They are at last set at liberty. TheCommon Conn- cil petition fortheli- berty of their mem- bers. May 23, 1G48> These proceeclinj»« oflicnd the A rmy. and occasion a violent Remonstrance from them. Dec. 7, 1C48. I sqo Mimoirs ofDtnz'il lard Holiis, Remarks on this Re mom trance. and vent their malice against the City, of which they say they have been so tender ; witness their carriage in their late advance towards it, notwithstanding provocations, their innocent march through it, their patient waiting for their long due arrears. But now Justice forces them to de^re, that (the adjacent Counties being undone, and the whole kingdom groaning under the oppressions of free quarter, whilst the City, which occasions all, is free of it,) there be no longer stop to the drawing thither ot the Army ; that, besides levying the arrear of the tax, it make reparation to the parts adjacent of 100,000/. da- mage ; that, if they be necessitated, or calied-on by the County, they must, on their behalf, demand of the City to the full; they earnestly desire that the proceedmgs against the Citizens and others impeached may be hast- ened, and that, out of their fines and confiscations, some part of reparation be made to the country. Then they say, they see not how the Parliament can sit in safety if the Army never so little withdraw^ when they find the Common-Council, through the Parliament and Army's lenity, take the boldness already, in the face of both, to intercede for the release and acquittal^ or rather justifi- cation, of those impeached persons, who are but rellow- delinquents to most of that Council : That the consider- ation of this, and the renewed confidence of Mr. Gw/», and other Members, partakers in the same things, who presume to sit in the House, makes them fesu*, that, through lenity and moderation, so much of the same leaven is left behind, that even the worst of the eleven Members, (notwithstanding their double crimes,) may be again called for in^ unless the house, by some iexclu- eive resolvitions and proceedings, do timely prevent the same. 188. Indeed these are graciousPrinces, full of lenity and moderation, by their own sayings ; but they dwell by such ill neighbours,that they are forced tocommend themselves; for nobody else will do it. The Parliament is beholden to them; they tell the members their faults, bid them not trust so much to their votes, which are not absolute nor sovereign ; let them know what it is their duty to do, and give them a ^ort day to perform it ioj lest they should be . idle, Memoin ofDenxil Lord Hollit, SOI idle, and a worse thing ^alt upon them. The country is beholden to them, who now know the worst of it : 100.000 /. to be monthly r^ed, to ease them of taxes and the excise according to promise : but then they have to help them, reparation from the city for former da- mages, and the persons appointed out of whose estates it must be paid by way of fine or confiscatioOy whether they prove guilty or no ; and thev are not wanting in their expressbns to the City of tneir tenderness of it, wherefore they give good instance, coming against it with Banners displayed, horse and foot armed, cannon leaden, and only take possession of their works, and of the Tower, change their Militia, take from them JVese~ minster and Southtvark, commit their Mayor and principal Aldermen to prison; — yet doing the City no hurt^ (like the Fryer m Chaucer, who would have but, of the capon, the liver, and, of a pig, the head, yet nothing for him should be dead,) then marching through it so innocently, only putting that scorn upon them which none of their Kings ever did, when most provoked ; that to have endured a plundering had been more honourable : then waited so patiently ror their arrears, when they had a great part of the 200,000/. which the City had lent for their disband- ing, bad taken that money, yet would not disband; and destroyed trade by their late rebellion ; and now, having so long lain uponfreeniuarter ail-about, that they had made provisions excessive dear, and almost famished the City, to express a desire to come and quarter in it, which, sure, was for their good ; only. Justice made them move that they should pay 100,000/. for reparation to the country; that their best Members, greatest Aldermen, and others, and their Lord Mayor, (whom they had caused to be unjustly committed,) should be as unjustly fined and ruined ; and then charge so honourable a Court as the Common-Council with Treason. 189. Then^for the eleven members, how much they are beholden to them is beyond expression, all their Re- monstrances, as well as this, make it appear ; here they desired only that they might have a Writ of ease from at- tending the Parliament any more, out of their abounding care for the freedom of Parliaments, and the free sitting and voting of the Members. 190. And ».- ■ . u. 'iU. •\.. 'f U. .. S02 Memoirs ofDenzilLord HolK:, Apart of the Army takes-up its quarters at White-Hall and the Mews. TheCommonsrenew their charge against the seven Lords and •tbers. The House of Com- mons expels the eleven members, though abbcnt upon leave. Sept. 7. 1617. 190. And they will be sure to have all put in execa*. tion, the refractory House of Commons shall make them wait no longer. A regiment or two of foot march and .quarter in ffTiite-Hall ; as many horse in the Ahivs (they having provided another lodging for the King, therefore making bold with his Majesty's house) and then they think they can take a course both with the Parliament and City ; which in truth they do full handsomely. 191. For presently they make them resume the con- sideration of the charge against the Lord frUloughby, and pass it, and likewise against the rest of those Lor£, and Sir y'ohn Maynard \ czxry it up to the House of Lords, and demand the recommitting of those Lords, and putting them to their answer. Sir Arthur Haslerig^ the now worthy Governor of Neivcastle, staid in town from going to take possession of his command, only to do this feat; so to make good what he before said, (when they could not, upon a long debate, and the laying-out of all their strength and power, carry the Impeachment,) '*that it was no matter; the Army should impeach them all." 1 92. A little after the Lord Grey of Groby sets on foot the motion concerning those of the eleven Members who were beyond Sea, having had Passes to travel for six Months,and most of them having written, or sent, to the Speaker and other Gentleqien of the House, to desire the favour of a longer continuance, in regard it was winter, and ill crossing the Seas ; but that, if it would not be granted, upon signification of their pleasure, they would immedi' ately return. They had likewise (upon occasion of the Order of Summons) written of the uncertain report they had heard of such a thing, long after it wa&done ; — that, if notice had been given them of it, they would not have failed to appear, and that they would still do so, if they might be certified that theHouse continued in the same resolution; so confident were they of their innccency, though they knew the malice of their enemies, and their violence and force upon the Parliament. But proceedings since have made it clear what Justice they should have found. For not- withstanding all this, those horse and foot were so power- ful an argument against them, backing the Remonstrance for the exclusive resolution, that it was carried to expel them m !>* Memoirs of. Denill. Lord HolUti 303 It in execuk make them march and Mms (they , therefore then they iament and le the con- Villoughiy^ lose Lordls, e House of ose Lords, ur Haslerig^ lid in town nd, only to said, (when aying-out of lent,) "that hem all." oby sets on n Members travel for r sent, to the to desire the 1 winter, and be granted, uld immedi' asion of the report they le ; — that, if )t have failed ley might be [^solution; so h they knew cc and force have made I. For not- re so power- .^monstrance ied to expel them •*•. them the House, and Impeachments were ordered to be brought-in. A parallel proceeding to this was never known in Parliament, where it has not been refused to any, especially who were beyond Sea, or, in truth, any where absent upon leave, to give a further day upon non- appearance on the first ; and in our Case there was a great deal more reason, considering the season of the year, the occasion of our departure (then looked upon as a merit) and Our readiness to obey upon the first Summons. All this writes but their Injustice, and our Oppression, in the more Capital Letters. 193. I am now coming to the Catastrophe of this The Parliament vote Tragedy, the last and most horild Act. The Parliament that no further ad- forced to do that, which is unnatural against the being of t^T^^,^ ** Parliament, the end for which it is called, which has ra* Jan. 3, i647>». . ., tionem formte in all moral things; that is, to declare they . , . v. . will make no farther address, or application, to the King, receive none from him, nor suffer it in others ; which is, as if a limb should cut itself off from the body, and there- by deprive itself of life and nourishment : For the com- munication between the King and Parliament, is that which gives it being and life. It is called by the King, ad colloquium habendum 6f tractalum cum proceribus Regnif &c. They are the words of the Writ, which brings them together. Now there is Colloquium & Tractatus cut-off, which was the first unhappy breach between his Majesty and this Parliament, and which the Parliament found themselves grieved-at, that he had withdrawn him- self from them, so as they could not repair unto him, for advice and counsel. And in all our Declarations and Mes-> sages in the beginning, until these people (who, it seems, had projected from the first, what they have now acted) got to the helm, and steered us into this violent, tempes- tous course, that we neither see our Polar star, nor use our compass. We still desired, pressed, endeavoured his Majesty's return to his Parliament : But they say, he shall not return : the Regal Power they have assumed, they will keep it, and exercise it. They will no longer be fellow- Subjects with the rest of the Kingdom, but Lords and Masters. Those whom they represent, and whose sub- stitutes they are, they will put unde their feet } as if aQ Am- '<' S04 JMemmri ofDenzil Lord Ilo/Iis, Tlie ArmT publishes a like declaration ■gainst the King. Jao. 11, 1747-8. Ambassadour should renounce the Prince that sent hliii, and say he will make his own dignity real and original, which is but representative and derived, take-away the substance, and let the shadow remain. Certainly this is exceedingly against nature^ and will turn all upside- down; yet this disorder must be made perpetual, put out of all possibility of recovery; like Death, from which there can be no returning. For admit the King would grant alt that they have desired or can desire^ give them all imaginable security for it; it is impossible it should be made known, and so cannot be received : and, by con- sequence, our Peace never can be settled ; whkh is casting the Kingdom into a mortal disease, putting it past cure, past hope. 194. To shew by what magick this spirit is raised, you have his fellow-devil immediately called-up by a Council of War ; a Declaration comes from his Excellency and the general Council of the Army from Windsor » bearing date the 9th of January ^ presented to the House the 1 \lh by SivHardress ff alter, wherein they give their approba don of the Votes, say the Parliament in that Address to the King, with the four Bills, could go no lower without denying that which God, in the issue of War, had borne such testimony unto : That they account that great busi- ness of a settlement to the Kingdom, and security to the fiublick interest thereof, by anil with the King's concur- rence, to be brought to so clear a trial, as that, upon the King's denyal, they can see no further hopes of settle- ment and security that way ; therefore upon the conside* ration of that denyal, added to so many other such Votes as had been passed, that no further application should be made to him, &c. They do freely and unanimously declare, for themselves and the Army, that they arc re- solved firmly to adhere to, and stand by, the Parliament, in the things so voted, and in what shall be further ne- cessary for the prosecution thereof, and for thc> settling and securing the Parliament and Kingdom, wiihout ,the King, and against the King, or any other that shall hero- after partake >vith him. 195, And in this I believe them, being (lam confident) the only truth that has proceeded from thctu in all their Mimoirt ofDefizii Lord IloUis, S05 ' peclaratlons or Proposals, with relation to his Majesty. I vould remember them, if *t were to any purpose, of some of their former professions, That it was against their ! principles to imprison the King, — that no Peace could be lasting withoiit him, — and the like. But they can blow j hot and cold, as the fellow in the Fable, to make all the Satyrs, and almost the Devil himself, abhor them, as afraid to be outdone by them in his own art, of lyinj; and dis- sembling. Therefore, I shall not trouble myself any more with blazoning their Coat- Armour, which is made-up of notiiing but false colours, and base metals : Their Impos- tures, Contradictions. Falsehoods, Hypocrisies, and dam- nable delusions, being beyond all heraldry, not to be ' tricked within the compass of any scutcheon. 196. I will only add one scene more of this last act, represented in the House of Commons. I do not hear lha[t the House of Peers have had any part in it. But the The Honse of Com. Commons, like the Consistory of Rome, have spent njon« publishes a , , . ... ■' , ' . F ,■ Ueclaraiion ai>ainst much time smce, m huntmg out the premises, to inter tlie King, containing the conclusion formerly agreed-upon, a Declaration — or a sununWy o< all hi» rather rhetorical invective, to persuade men's affections, «'*'""* not convince their judgements,— of those enormities in the King, which should justly merit, and so justify the reso- lutions taken concerning him. The particulars are such, as, truly, I cannot name without horror ; Auferat ohlivio, ii potent i si won, silentium tegat : I would forget that ever such a thing was done by the Parliament. I will V— only say this of that Faction (for i look upon it merely as their act, and their Army's, who have forced the House to it, as they have to all the rest, since the breaking-out of their Rebellion, the owning them, paying them, voting their continuance, expelling, committing, impeaching their own Members, and the Lord-Mayor, and Aldermen, of the City of London, doing what not, for the cncreasing their own shame, and setting-up their Diana, that Idol ot con- fusion, ) That, if they themselves believe that to be true, which they there relate, they are excellent good Patriots, and notable Justices, to see and not see faults, fur their own advantage. For, if the King would have agreed to such Conditions as they proposed to him, and such a bcttlement as had been suited to their ends, to have X. continued i ? 800 Memoinof Denztl Lord HoUit, continued an Omnipotency inthem, and ruined the rest of the Kingdom, these things had been all dis'pensed-with, sa- crificed to their greatness, and the advancement of their Dagow, then nothing but Hos annas in praise of the King, vrould have been in their mouths; and noPeace would have been allowed to be lasting without due consideration of his Rights; far would it have been from them, to have a thought of imprisoning him ; he would have been their good King, and they his, (and our) gracious Masters. But now, that his Majesty had discovered their aims, and would not contribute to them, he is an Anathema, guilty of such* and so many, crimes, as are not to be found scarce in any one person ; and now these men of Belial can say, '* he shall not reign over us." For the things themselves, which they impute to him, I doubt not, but that there are those, who (knowing the Arcana Jmperii,) will give satisfaction to the world, by a faithful and clear manifestation of his Majesty's actions and counsels, relating to them. I, who stand below, and at a distance, as I cannot have the knowledge of such high things, so I will not presume to meddle with them : Only, upon the general, will say, that, methinks, in reason, those things cannot be as they represent them. For, to de- stroy the Protestants in France, (whose preservation must need« be, not only a contentment to the Soul of a Protestant King, but alsoa strength andadvantageto his Interest,)were, surely, strange State-policy. And, as for the Rebellion of Ireland, to cut-off so great a Limb from himself, to pluck- off one of the three Flowers of his Crown, is, methiiiks, to be Felo de s'e. To speak nothing of that third charge con- cerning King JameSf — an act so monstrous, as not to be suspected in a Heathen, nor to be found in heathenish Rome; much less in a Christian country. Truly, I cannot, as a rational man, bring my judgement to admit of a belief of those things ; and, then certainly. Charity obliges us to hope better, and to believe better, of any Man, — much more of a King, and of our own King; whom, Solomon tells us, we are not to curse, no, not in thought j much less, (which Job blames,) tell him, and tell the world, he is wicked and ungodly; and least of all, when there is not a clear and undeniable proof of it. And, even their expres- sions in their Declaration, are not positive ; as if the sub- ject-matter were only allegaiutn, not at a\\ probatum, and rather h"' d the rest of sed-with, sa- ?nt of their of the King, would have ration of his to have a n their good s. Eut now, d would not )f such, and in any one , "he shall which they those, who iction to the lis Majesty's stand below, dge of such with them : :s, in reason, For, to de- lation must a Protestant :erest,)were, Rebellion of !lf, to pluck- [iiethiuks, to charge con- as not to be enUh Rome; :annot, as a t of a belief y obliges us [an, — much im, Solomon i much less, orld, he is [lereis not a heir expres- •< if the sub- Oatum, and rather Memoirs 9/ Denxil LorJ HoHis* rather set-forth md captandum populum^ to gain, if pes* «ible, an approbation, from the vulgar, of what they had done, than that they conceived it would find credit with rational and judicious men, or that themselvesthought it to be a truth. As for the other things, as Knighthood, Ship- money, &c. any ihing by which the Subject has beenx)p- pressed, and his purse picked;— they, of all men, should not find fault with the King on account of those op- pressions, since in grievances of that kind, their little finger has been heavier than the loins of Monarchy. What was all that, in comparison of Free-quarter, Excise, and even the 100,000/. a month, which they say, they must have for the maintenance of the Army ? those oppressions were but flea-bitings to these. At- the worst, one may say, we were then chastised with Whips, but now with Scorpions. 197. And, so I hope, I have made good what I un- dertook in the beginning, having made it appear, that England is become, by the actings of these men, that Monster, whose shape is pervertied, the head standing/ where the feet, and the feet where the head, should be;— mean men mounted aloft, and all that is, or should be, great, lacqueying it after them : — The authoritity of the Magistrate suppressed, and the the will of particular per- sons made the Law of the Kingdom; — Justice obstructed, . and violence established in the room of it ; — King and Par- liament trodden under foot, and an Army insulting over the Persons and Estates of the subject ; —so that we may take-up the Psalmist's complaint. That the very Founda- tions are destroyed ; and what then can the righteous do ? 198. I will conclude all with this short Epiphoncma: If such a complicated Treason as this, wliich they have designed and carried-on all along, consisting of so many several parts, by betraying all the trusts that men can be capable of ; — as Subjects toiheirKing, — Servants to their Masters, — an Army to them that raised and paid them ; — English-men to their country; and, which is more. Chris- tians to their God ;— -bound-up yet in a more particular obligation by a Covenant, Vows, and Protestations ; — all| these relations thrown-aside; nothing ot duty, conscience, or morality, permitted to stand in the way, that could either be removed or over-come, eluded or broken-through : If, I Eay^alreason raised-up to this height, by bo many several X 2 Steps SOT The ronclus[on the Whole. of I S08 Memoirs ofDenzil Lord HolHs. r Steps of Hypocrisy, Treachery, Perfidiousness, Injusfice, Violence, and Cruelty, can be made good, and the Actors prosper, blessing themselves in their success, sacrificing to their Nets and Gins, by which they have snared and destroyed all their opposers : And, on the other side, if no blessing must be on the good endeavours of those vrho only had proposed to themselves Bonum publicum, had nothing in particular in their eye, sought nothing for themselves, but to find their safety comprised and contained in the happiness and welfare of the King, Par- liament, and Kingdom ; like the honest Passengers, that seek their preservation in saving the Ship they sail in : (as I can speak it for a truth, take the God of Heaven fur Witness, and defy all the men on Earth to disprove it) that I, for my part, (and I hope the same of those other persons of Honour, Members of both Houses, with whom I have co-operated, and now partake in their sufferings) never had any other end : Let the Earl of Manchester speak, who has been present at, and privy to, all our Consulta- tions, and is now joined and engaged with the Army, and those other men, who carry-on this pernicious design, where, besides the universal desolation of the whole Kingdom, there is a particularity against me, for my ruin and destruction, and therefore I doubt not but he will say all he knows : Let Mr. Reynolds, of the House of Com- mons, who went a long time, and a great way, with us, but is since fallen-off, and become thoroughly theirs ; the same I say of Colonel Harvey y who was long enough in our ears, and in our bosoms, to bottom all our thoughts, know all our desires. If these, or any other persons — even that malicious and treacherous Lord 6'at;t/, — can say, that, at any time, upop any occasion, I proposed any thing that looked towards a seli-end, orthe driving of any particular interest, or the setting-up of any Party, but merely to pre- vent these fearful precipices, into which the Kingdom is fallen, by the art and practicesof these Eneiniesof Peace,and to attain such a settlement, that all honest, moderate Men, might have found in it both security and satisfaction: If they can, let them speak; and, if they prove one tittle, of their . charge, I will put my mouth in the dust, I will bear my pu- nishment, and expect mercy neither from God nor Man. Nay, even in relation to the Army, and those persons who have "n Memoirs ofDenzil Lord HoUis, 309 have, for a long time, sought my ruin, it all I desired and aimed-at in disbanding that schismatical, factions. Soldiery, in carrying-on the business of the House in opposition to that Party, — and even in this last great Treason, of levying War against King, Parliament, and Kingdom, (as they style it) which was only to do my best endeavour to de- fend them and myself from a rebellious Army, that was marching-up for all our destructions, contrary to the Orders of both Houses ; against whom it, first, rebelled, instead of an obedient disbanding ; then cudgelled them to own it for their Army, forced the City into a trouble, • and shew of opposition to what it had made the Parlia- ment do ; then took that occasion to march both against it and the Parliament — If, notwithstanding all this, in what I did, I had any thought of personal revenge, or to do the least hurt to any particular person, in case we had prevailed, but only to return into the way, whence we were put-out, of a free, quiet. Parliamentary proceed- ' ing, to accomplish the great work of settling the Peace, both of Church and State, let me perish j and God, who is the searcher of hearts, knows I now speak nothing but truth. 199. Well then, I say, if all our endeavours must, like an untimely birth, come to nothing j our hope be cut-off, our persons destroyed; our integrity, innocency, fidelity, questioned and decryed; our good names traduced, and torn in sunder; our memories made to stink to all posterity, by the false calumnies of our malicious Enemies, and their power in suppressing truth; and, which is worst, (foi all this is but particular) the general, the Publick, the Com- mon-wealth, — once in sofair a way of recovery, at the eve of a happy day, to be rid of Armies^ enjoy a Peace, hear no more of the Instruments of War, but see a blessed composure of all unhappy differences, and reap the fruits of Justice and Mercy ; — and, upon a sudden, to find all this, but as the hungryman's dream, who is the more empty when he awakes; so, instead of this solid happiness, to em- brace a Cloud, and have nothing but the empty promises of a false, deceitful, Army, and be cast-back into a greater gulf of misery, and confusion, than all the enemies in the X 3 World i 310 Memnrs ofDenzil Lord H»Ui$, World could have brought it into \ and the latter end to be far worse than the beginning : 200. If this .be our portion, were I a Heathen, I should say with Brutus^ when he meant to kill himself, seeing the assertors of publick Liberty overcome and ruined, iuid the Invaders prevail and conquer, O misera virtmt eras igitUr fabula, seu verba; ego te, ut rem, cilelam 6f exercebam'f tu autem fortuna surviebas, But»beinga Christian, I am taught another lesson, to know that no- thing comes by chance. God, who does all things in number, weight, and measure, orders and disposes all as may most make for his own honour, and the good of his Church and Children; to which, even the wickedness of the wicked, ami these disorders, will conduce, though the wit of Man cannot fathom it. Thereforie I will lay my hand upon my mouth, and not once whisper, l^ecause the Lord has done it; only take-up St. Paul's admiration, and with it end, crying-out, Mtitudo ! the depth of the Riches loth of the fVisdom and Knowledge of God ! Hotv un^ searchable are his Judgements, and his Wap past find* in^'out 1 yj-.'-y k>;,;,j, \? JW I should f> seeing ruined, virtus t tkbam 6? being ii that no- things in ses all as )d of his dness of ough the my hand the Lord and with le Riches Hoiv un- ^st find* .'* '■■ir- hX'-SiAt ■• ■;.: ,' H All ^ ," * , ■ 1 ALPHABETICAL TABLE. ^■■-.v I ^ m Accommodation w'wh the King proposed by the Lords, and laid aside by the malignant Party of the Commons, p. 19{), ly?. jigitators set-up by the Army, their Actions. 240, 241. Re- ceive some check from Cromwell, ib. Write a Letter against the Parliament, ih. The insolence of those that brought it, 2S9. Their extravagant Proposal to Sir Thomas Fairjav in relation to the Parliament, 288. Alltitt Treasurer of the Army, 2()y. Concerned in conveying away a great Sum of Money designed for the Army, 283. Army forsaken of divers brave Officers when it left its Obe- dience to the Parliament, 23 1 . Countenanced great Disorders in Churches, &c. ib. Petitions from the City and Country to have it disbanded, 232. Recruits daily, though it had no enemy to oppose, ib. Hinders the relief of Ireland, 232, 234, 230", 238. Voted to be disbanded but what was necessary for Garri- sons,&c. 233. Some of its officers muliu), 234. Petition for an indemnity before disbanding, 8cc. 237. Incensed by the Officers against the Parliament, 238, t39. Are rather en- couraged than discountenanced by the OrHcers that were sent to appease them, 242. Their Representaiion to the Parliament, 243. Address their General against disbanding, 244. Enter into an ingagcment not to disband, 245. '1 heir Represeniation, in which they censure the Parliament's actions with contempt, 248, 249, 2o4. Intermeddle with the business of the King- dom contrary to the Protestations, 250. Refuse to hear the Parli;iment's votes, though in their own favour, and march towards the City, 25.'. Their high pretences fur the good of the People, &c. 255, 27f). Make the Parliament do what they please, 256. Require a period to be put to it. ib. Their insolent Demands of it, 2.i(), 257, 258, 234. Their •pccious pretences for the King. 25y. Upbraid the Parlia- x4 S12 THft TAB^E. ment for doing what thcv forced them to, 25^. Their pre- tended care for the I'riviicges of Parliament, ibid. Manage all affairs of the Kingdom. 272, &c. Are composed of mean Officers, &c. 277. Their extravagant Proposals to the Par^ liament in relation to Church and State, 291 — 292. Their Remonstrance, Dcceniher 7, 1648, against the Parliament, 299— 29(), which is descanted on, 29fc» — 302. Make the Parliauient act against itself; set-up for Lgrds ^nd Masters, &c..;03. jfrntT/Purlj/, their actions and aims, 191,194. How they got inta Power, i^. 'I heir usage of the King, Queen, &c. il". Are for the Covenant, Sec. 198. Misrepresent affairs to the Scots. iS Begin to shew themselves after Marston-nioor fight 201. Oppose the Lords for meddling with a Commoner, 202, 2? ]. /.gainst putting an end to the War, 205, 207. Govern hy the Sword, &c. 203 Opposed by an honest Party in the Jjfouse, ibid. I'rustraicd in their e.xpcgtatipu of some they h;ul got chosen, 2 1 5. C Ifi. Indtavour to set the two Kingdoms Against each other, 21f>, and the Country against the Scots, 219. Amuse the House vtiih strange things against them, 220, Bleak the Law of Nations with relation to the Sco'ts Com- missioners, 222, 22.'}. Join some Scots Comijiissioners to tlie English in the power of the Militia, but with an ill »; design, ib. which they would afterwards have altered, ib. Would have the Army march into the North against the Scots without the Parliament's Order, 225. Hinder the Scots poingout of" England, though they pretended to be for it,226'. Quarrel with them about the Person of the King, 129, 230. Their designs frustrated by the Scots prudence, ib. Sei^e ^' upon the King's person, 246. Their Letter to the Lord - Mayor and Aklernit n of London concerning their demands of the Parliament, 250 Their large share in the Treasure of the Kingdom, 2()7,2f)9. Their accounts extravagant, 195,213. 271. 'I heir remonstrance concerning the Members that sat during the Speaker's absence, 2::9- Drew up a Party of Horse to hack it, //"'//. Turn out officers that were against them, 8tc. 291. The difficulties they had to encounter, 294, 297 Cajf>le the King, &c. 295. The means they used to get rid of him, 2!i(>. Pfocure his going to the Isle of Wight, !;-97. Stud him four Bills to sign, ib. Their declaration from ^V incisor concerning no further Address to him, ,•>() ', descanted on, //•. &c. Ail uisl, \. r. sent with a Message from the Parliament to the Armv, C8:?. ■ ',' ■ ^ "- -'■'■'.-''' n'/7i7r>,v, njiiloyrd hv the /^rmv r*''ty to give accouijt what {juois tlic Scots had Faiscd of the Country, 228. THE TABLE. SIS ^helr pre- Manage I of mean the Par-, !. Their rliament. Make the Masters, :ygot inta i6. Are the Scots. >or fight. )ner, 202, Govern rty in the oine they kingdoms the Scots, hem, 220. ots Com- sioners to ith an ill tered, ib. gainst the p the Scots for it, 226', 1'29, 230. iO. Sei^e the Lord demands 'reasure of , iy.5,213. rs that sat Party of re against ntcr, 294, y used to e Isle of '. Their address to :nt to the Bristol lost ; Its Governour condemned, but pardoned, 197« Burley, Captain^ hanged by Fairfax's order, 298* C. Charles f King of England, his forces ruffled at Dennlngton, 206. His safety not regarded by the Army Party, ilO. Is delivered up to the English by the Scots, 23G. His Person seized by the Army, 24ti. Is made a prisoner in the Isle of Wight oa refusing the four Bills, 298. Clotiuortfiyy Sir John, one of the Committee at Derby •house, 234. Commitsioners of Scotland endeavour to undeceive the English Parliament in relation to their Army, 218. Move for pay for their Soldiers, 219, 220. Slighted by the Army Party, '221. Their Packets and Letters intercepted and broke open, 223. Give in an account of Arrears due to their Army, 227. (7o>/fmi//e# at Derby-house, to see the Parliament's votes con- cerning Ireland executed, 233. labour to dispose the Army to go thither, 234: ' of Haberdashers-Hall, Goldsmiths-Hall, &c. misused by the Army to the ruin of many, 265. of the two Kingdoms, 1 98. Is out of esteem, though I upt what all affairs of moment had been transacted by them, Sec. 221. . Committee of Reformation, 208, -■ Corbet, Mr. Afilest Justice at the Committee of Examinations, 2(j(j. •Covenant between the two Kingdoms, the ends if not answered by sending-away the Scots, without disbanding the English Army, 22(i. ^.rawford, Major General, his service at Marstonmoor, 199. Cromwell his Cowardice at Marstonmoor, fiasinghouse, and Keinton, 200. His rancour against the Scots, and hatred of the No'uility, 201. His Soldiers mutiny, that he may escape the self-denying Ordinance, 211. Is dispensed with for two or three months, hut after keeps in for good and all, without an Order of the House, //; Keeps from the Army to give them opportunity of doing their mischief, 239- His policy and hypocrisy in relation to the disorders of the Army, itu • Scftt down to them, but to no purpose, ib. Leaves the farliainent, and joins with the Army, 210. Orders the Kine to be sf ized, but denies it, 24(), and the Magazine at Oxford to be sccurc(l,247. Appoints a general Picnilcvouz near Cam- bridire, and justifies what the Agitators had done, //>. Gels Petmons of hiifowu di*awiiig sitrned by several Counties, 2.5(J, ilis Pension, 2(i9. Writes a Letter to fVhalley to be shewn (he King, 297. 4 y S14 TRB TABLE. D. Daeres, Lord, one of the Committee at Dcrby-hoase, 23S, Delaware Lord, one of the Commissioners for disbanding the Amiy, 244. Desbwrough, Major, with two Regiments, falls upon some of Sir Robert Pjie's men^at Deptford, and barbarously murders them, 281. ^ E. Elect tons f vacant, by an artifice voted to be fillcd-up, 214. Un- fairly made by the malignant Parly, ih.^ Eleven Members incur the hatred of the Army far doin-r their duty, 2;>3. Their Care and Industry with relation to Ireland, was the Fotmdation of the good Successes in that Kinodom» 240. IJave a general Charge exhibited again»t them by the Army, who require they should be suspended sitting in the House, 256, 259. Remarks on thcirCase, 259, 261. With- draw from the House to prevent Inconveniences, 262. No particular Charge against them j the ill Practices of their Enemies to rum them, ib. 2^i3. Accused by the Army of holding Correspondence with the King, Scu. which i» descanted on, 264, &c. Largely vindicated ; 129, 1'jO, &c. 271, 272. The Army's Declaration against them, S76, which is largely descanted on, 277, See. Are vin- dicated from the disorders that happened at Westminster ' from the Rabble, &c. 279. Ordered by the House to make good their places, 281. Forsaken by the City, who had espoused their Cause, 284. Their unparalleled Case» 302. £$;^ar,Earl, suspectedand laid aside by the Army Parly, 19-3, 196, 202, 208. Is ordered to attend his Majesty's motions, 203. His ill Success in the West, 204, 205. His ruin designed by Haiierig, '^04. Relief refused to be sent him, 205. His Arm/ willingly disbanded, 208, 209. Fairfax^ Sir Tbomas, commands at Marstonmoor under hi» Father, 199. Is made General, 210. His Commission ran only in the name of the Parliament, ib. Is discharged of Subordination to the Committee of both Kinudoms, 222. Designed to be sent with his Army to protect tRe Northern Counties, 223. Receives Orders about disbanding, 244. Cause his Regiment to march another way, ih. Innocent as to seizing the Kinj|[, 246. His Remonstrance cunceruing THE TABLB. 915 the King's being voted to Richmond ^ 258. Takes up his quartws'at Uxbridce, 2G2. Marches to London in State, and puts in the old Speakers, <284, by wiiom he is comple- mented and addressed, '286. Marchts through the City in Triumph, ib. Voted by both Houses General of all the Forces, and G)nstable of the Tower, '287. Wis Remon- strance for satisfaction of the i\rmy, 297* His Order con* cerning the King, &c. at the Isle of Wigiit, 2i)d. Fiettxood, Colonel, concerned in seizing tlie King, 246. Hii Place and Pension, 282. Foulks, Alderman of London^ promotes the interest of the Army, 233, 281. .- . i > ' * ' . ■*. • ■ » .• , -■' i' v^ . :- ■ . Ij, .... GillSf Alderman of London, promotes the Interest of the . Army, 254, 281. Sent with a Message to the Army, 283. In- terrupted by Fairfax in a Speech he was making to him, 289. Grey of Grooby, Lord, is gratified by the Army, 269. Against the eleven Members, 302. Qurden, Mr. against the Parliament's having a Period put to it. 254. _ , H. ' ^ ■'' ■■--• ■ .'■ • '■* Hammond, Colonel, his unreasonable Demands on being de- signed for Ireland, 23'*?, 233. HuAlerigy Sir Arthur, his ill success in the West, 197. Hit rashness, &c. ib. His excuse for the King's not being at- tacked at Dennington, Cowardice, Vain-glory, &c. 205. If concerned in seizing the King, 246, 247. His Pension, 269. His great Pay, 270, Stays in Town, though Governor of Newcastle, to do a feat for the Army, 309. Holland, Mr. Cornelius, his Gratuity from the Army Party, 289. Holies, Mr.Denzil, accused bySavil of corresponding with the Lord Digby, 212. Is prosecuted with great Violence by the Solicitor St. John, /^. Acquitted by the House, 214. Con- cerned in the Uxbridge-Treaty, 223. His Generosity as to the publick money, 27 1. L ' Jackson, Lieutenant- Colonel, submits to the Parliament in or- der to disband, 244. Independents ; Army, &c. mostly composed of them, 207. Jajfce, Cornet, seizes the King at Holmby, with the Commis- 316 THE TABLE. sioners that attended him, 347. Ordered to seize the Magn* zine at Oxford, ib Ireland not to be relieved while the Army was kept-up here, 232. Relief voted them by the Parliament, 233. About 2000 wil- ling to go, the rest binder it all they can, 234. Such as were willing to relieve it, voted Deserters by the Army, 2*^7 ; who require they should be discharged, though ordered thither by Parliament, 260. Ireton keeps from the Army to give them opportunity to do their Mischief, 239. Lenthalf Speaker of the Commons, his good Places, &c. tG6. Forsakes the House, and joins with the Army, 275. Is put into his Place again by Fairfax, 285. L^/ey, his Service at Marstonmoor, 1<)9. I^wisj Sir William, Governor of Portsmouth, his fair Ac- counts, &c. <2'J(). Lilburn against the eleven Memhers, 272. landon for the Parliament, and against the Army, &c. 251. llesents the Parliament's altering their Militia by the Influ- ence of the Army, 27^» &c. Alarmed by the Army, 275. Lords, several forsake the House, and join with the Army, ihid. The House chuse a new Speaker on the other's leav- ing them, 280. Outdo the Commons in Honour of Sir Tho. Fairfax, 287- Their Vote concernin«i what was acted by the Houses when forsaken by their Speakers, disagreed to by the Commons, ih. Seven of them impeached of High Treason by the Army, 288, 298. Are set at liberty, ib. .J i. ■IC M. Mnnchester, Earl, his Charge against Cromwel, 201, 29^. Laid aside by the Army, 20-'. Is Speaker (f the House of Lords, whom he forsakes, and joins the Army, 275. Is put into his Place again by Sir Tho. Fairfax, 284. IMarsbal, Chaplain to Skippon, too instrumental in the Evils of this JCincdom, 25'-, 2<"J. I'rtaclus before the Parliament, and extols Sir Tho. Fairfax's Expedition, 8cc. 230. JMarslonmoorY'\ghl had not been obtained but for the Scots, 199. Miissry, Captain, stops an lixpress sendii>o to Scotland j com- mitted by the Lords for it, but set at lil erty, 222. ^lassey, Major General, his Brigade eashiered, thotigh it had (lone the greatest Service in the West, 2:j(). Is one of the Cnnimittec at Derby-house, 2.i,'3. Is niade Licutcnaut-Gcne- Tal ol the I lone in Ireland, 27.S. Forsaken by the Cuy, 280. MaynurJf Sir John, one of the eleven Members, though na-« THE TABtS. 817 thing against him, 257> Expelled th« House, and sent to the Tower, 28», J8(j. Appoint a Comniitlew' to inquire concerning that Force, 287 • Disagree with the Lords about what the Houses had done when forsaken by their Speakers, ih. Afterwards torced to comply, 289. Constrained to act against itself by refusing to make any fuilhcr AddiciS lu thu King, hcc, 3UJ. n 918 THE tABLB. Pelhantt Mr. Henry, chose Speaker of ihe Commons in the room ot'Lenthal, 2b0. J'ennins^ton, Alderman of London, favoured and rewarded bf the Army Party, 2(i0, 267. Petitions from an army to their Superiors, when required to do Service, always deemed a JVlutiny, (235. Pomtz, Colonel, his Care and Vigilance to prevent the Mis- chiefs designed by the Army Party in the North, for which he was put out of Command, 225. Taken by Violence out of his tjouse by the Agitators, ibid. Inhumanly treated by them, «26. Pride, Colonel, his Ekiuivocation at the Bar of the House about petitioning agamst disbanding, 237. Prideaux, Mr. of the Army Party, made himself Postmaster of England, 266, "■ • , ' >. ■ RabhUt threaten the House of Commons, to cause them to pass several Votes, 274. Ravisborough, Colonel, his Regiment refuses to march for Jersey, which he connives al; yet afterwards made Vice* Admiral, 245, 246. l?io/ in Yorkshire, 218. Rnskwurtby Secretary to Sir Thomas Fairfax, his acting against the eleven Members, 2()3. His Letter to the Speaker against appearing at the House, 275. Signs Proposals to the Parlia- Bicnt concerning a new Form oi Government, 2!J 1 . • - ■ Saint John, Mr. Oliver, his Character ; his underhand Letter to the Committee of Hertfordshire, &,c.20y. His violent and bloody Nature, ib. Breaks his'Protestaiion as to Cronmcl'i* beinc: dispensed with from the self-denying Ordinance, 21 1* His Places of Profit, &c. 2()7. Sallojcaijj Mr. one of ihe Committee at Derby-house, 2.1M. Hatj'il^ Lord, an Impost»)r, 212. Writes Letters to several great Men against the Parliament, ib. Snjf, Lord, rewarded by the Army Party, 209. Scaweriy Mr. brings a sad Account of the Temper of the Army, 'J53. His Pension, 26f). Concerned in conveying-away u great Sum ordered for the Army, !2!)f'. Stvts proposed to be called in, but obslrnclcd by the Mnlig- nanls; their Character, Ij)', I9B. Aftercalied in, l!»7. Made use of only for a pinch, l. Skippoity Major General, made Commander in Chief In Ireland]^ 240. Instrumental in betraying the Parliament, &c. 243* Excuses the Agitators, 24'2. Prevents the Parliament's pro* ceeding against the Army Party, and how, 250, 2jl. Re- fuses to obey the Parliament's Order, but on certain Cou> ditions, 283. Stapleton^ Sir Philip, laid aside by the Army, 208. His mode- rate Pay, 8cc. 270, SwifeHf Mr. employed by the Parliament to the Army, 283* Tlchhurny a Linen-draper, made Constable of the Tower hf Sir Thomas Fairfax, 290. ( !.:• ' > ' ■ v. ■ Vdnet Sir Henry, one of the Parliament's Commissioners with the Army, 233. Uxbridge, Treaty there, 223. fVaUer, Sir William, ordered from Oxford into the West, 20.'7. Laid aside by the Army, 208. Is one of the Cummitlce at Derby-house, 233. IVurmwortb, Mr. his insolent and ridiculous Speech concern- ing the \gilaiors, 241. IVarwicky Earl, one of the Committee at Derby-lioiise, t33» One of the Commissioners for disbanding the Army, 244. IVtuitaortli^ Sir Pttcr, gels an Ksiate for half the vahic, *U\[). West^ CoK)nel, discharged by Faiiiax from being Constablt of the Tower, 2S An APPENDIX, TOUCHING THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDEPENDENT FACTION OF SCOTLAND. By CLEMENT WALKER, Eig. Historic! e«t, ne quid falsi audeat dicere ; Ne quid veii non audeat.— Poly B. • Spe, metuque procul— Horat. LONDON: riRST PBINTBU Ilf TUB YBAU 1648. •■ -- [ 333 ] >:■*> r <•«,-,. /;!?( 7 ^V^iUi:.:^ ; uy 'iiW PREFACE. t-.?:. 1 . )1 'ST' The Tract here reprinted, under the tith? of The MifHtenj of the two JuntoeSy Presln/terian and Independent, is the first, or introductory, part of the work described in the foregoing page, whicli is a very copious account of the proceedings of the Independent party in the Long Parlia- ment, (that began on tlie 3d day of Novem- ber, l640,) and of the Army of that Parha- mcnt, down to the end of the second Civil War, when that Army i:eturned victorious to London, and, against the .will of the Parlia- ment, brought King Charles the First to a pub- lick trial, for having made dn unjust war against his people, and caused him to be put to death. It was written by Clement Walker^ Esq. a gentleman of great learning and ability, and a zealous defender of the Presbyterian Party of that time, of which Mr. Uenzil Holies, (afterwards Lord Hollos,) and the other ten members of the House of Commons who, Avith liim, were impeached by the Army in July, I'j-l?, were eminent Leaders. And it was pub- lished (but without his name,) about the end of - V 2 the 324 PREFACE.' the year J648, and, as I conjecture, about the beginning of the month of December, when the Army was proceeding with violence against the King. Thesecondpart of this workof Mr. Walker, is intitled. The History of Independency^ and is a very interesting relation of many important transactions in the course of that famous Civil AVar. But it is too long to be inserted in this volume of small tracts. And therefore I have here reprinted only the first part of Mr. Walker's ^work, which 1 conceive to be a proper accom- paniment to the foregoing Memoirs of Lord Holies, which relate to the same subject, to wit, that of an exhibition, and, for the most part, a justification of the sentiments and conduct of the Presbyterian party in the course of that famous War. * FRANCIS MASERES. .^'i- '> ;^ - Inner Temple, Not. 39, 18 13. TO •j-^ ' 52 "> f\'< ■ v;;5 TO MY DREAD SOVEREIGN. ROYAL SIR, • You have drunk deep in the Cup of Affliction, and we have all pledged you ; it is wholesome, though bitter: but let us pray to God tore- move this Cup in time ; for the dregs and lees are poyson. You have learned, by over-wind- ing the strings of Authority, how to tune the People of this Monarchy, without breaking their Patience hereafter. Most Princes desiro unlimited power : which is a Sail too great for any Vessel of Mortality to bear. Though it be never so well Ballasted with Justice, Wisdome, Moderation, and Piety, yet one flarb, or other, will endanger the oversetting it. Those Com- monwealths are most stable and pleasing, where the State is so mixed that every man (ac- cording to his degree and capacity) hath some interest therein to content him. The KING, Soveraign Command and Power ; The Nobility and Gentry J A derivative Authority and MagiS" tracyt and all enjoy their Laws, Liberties, and properties. God hath cursed him that remov- etli the Bound-marks of his neighbour. This is a comprehensive curse ; Kings enlarging, their Prerogatives beyond their limits, are not excepf^d from it. Vou may be picas d to take heed therefore of two sorts of men, most likely to mis-lead you in this point, llu- tirst sort consists of ^;/j6/VioMs Lawyers, who teach tiic Law to speak, not what N.B. N.B. t 326 ] N.B. V what the Legislators meant, but what you shall seem to desire. To avoyd tliis snare, suffer your Parliament to nominate three men for every Judge's place, out of which you may please to choose one, as in the pricking of Sheriffs. For it is the people that are obnoxious to their wicked- ness : you are above the reach of their njalice- The second sort is Parasitical Divines i These earwigs are alwaies hovering in Princes Courts, hanging in their ears. They take upon ihem to make Princes beholden to their violent wresting of the Text, to bestow upon them whatever Prerogative the Kings of Jiida or Israel used or usurped ; as if the Judicials of Moses were appointed by God for all Common- wealths, all Kings : as a good Bishoprick, or Living, is fit for every Priest that can catch it. These men, having their best hopes of prefer- ment from Princes, make Divinity to be butOr- gaiwnPolitiatm, an Instrument of Government, and harden the hearts of Princes, Pharaoh* like : and Kings delight to be tickled by such venerable, warrantable, flattery. Sir, you have more means to prefer them than to prefer other men ; therefore they apply themselves more to you than other men do. Tu facts hunc Dominum ; tefacit tile Detim. The King makes the poor Priest a Lord; and, rather than he will be behind with a King in courtesie, he will flatter him above the condition of a Mortal, and make him a God. Royal Sir^ permit me to give you this Antidote against this poyson ; let an Act be past. That ^U such Divines, as either hy preaching, writing, or dis" coitrsing,shall advance yourPrerogative andPozver above the known Laws and Liberties of the Land, . shall forfeit all his Ecclesiastieal preferments, -'•-' ipio [ 827 ] ipso facto, and he incapable ever after ^ and for ever banished your Court, Btit, above all, learn to trust in your own Ji'dgement: Pltisaliisde te, quam tu tibi, cre- dere noli. God hath enabled you to remember things past, to observe things present, and, by comparing them together, to conjecture things to come ; which are the three parts of Wisdom that will much honour and advantage you. God keep your Majesty ; so prayei f,7 ^^i , Your humble Subject, ,.|^-*. THEOPHILUS VERAX. ''-■'H' rsi. '?? •/»' .V* ' ♦;.• 7'<»0. ^ : '. ■ . •' ■ •■ . .' >»V;?;, ,;■ N. -?■ , " )"■ <•'!,.! f; : i ^- ' vv !v .*•■■<; \'^ •. til '■''-' :.*':.■ '; ..' <<■. h^t; /li! . J ;,■//, ^. ■' J ' ' j' V ;.■ .:,,■-•.. : <. i-i ,V\ 4'r i. • ' r - „ !.t t »v, tV. it, n rva*' ; '. , ,'.' ■■ i \*>\ii.\. .. ' . -'*. ''■"' \\ - , ft . . .f;' i\-- Y 4 / -.ir- ?#:- TO HIS EXCELLENCY SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX, And the Army under his Command. S29 My Lord and Gentlemen ; I Have here, by way of preparation, laid-open to your view, those V leers, which you have un- dertaken to cure, viz. The Two Factious in Par- liamentf Authors of Schisme and Divisions in the two Houses ; from whence there are de- rived to the whole Kingdom, (to the obstruct- ing of Justice, and of the establishment of o«ir Laws, Rights, Liberties and Peace ;) the e«- slaving of the Parliament itself, and the dilapi' dating of the publick Treasure: whereby the whole Kingdom may be enfranchised, secured, and united ; and the King and his Posterity settled in his due rights ; which is the sum of all your undertakings in your many re-iterated Papers I confess this to be an Herculean labour, and far beyond that which he underwent in cleansing the Augaan Stable. That was per- formed by an arm of flesh : This cannot be effected without an extraordinary calling : for an ordinary calling thereto you have none ; and God seldome blesseth a man out of his calling. And, though an heroick heat and zeal may go far, yet it will tire many miles on this side the work, unless it be blown and inspired with divine breath. And, as Alchemists say ot the Philosopher's atone, so I say of this work (which • i., •,/ is C 330 ] is the Philosopher's stone in ovlt English Politicks) it cannot be effected but by a man of wonderful and unspotted Integrity and Innocency, free from all frauds Self-seeking, and Partiality . In order to this great work you have already begun to sift and winnmv the House ofCommons,hy charge ing 1 1 Presbyterian Grandees ; who, if they be proved guilty, must needs have their counter- panes equally faulty, even to a syllable, in the opposite Junto of Independents, i'or, when two factions shall conspire to toss & keep-up the Golden ball of Government y Profit Si. Preferment, between them, neither can be innocent. Unless therefore you apply your corrosive to onel7/rer as well as to the other, you will never work a complete cure, nor will he free from scandal and appearance of faction, or design f that I may use your own words^ to weaken only one party (undef the notion of unjust or oppressive) that you may advance another more than your own. Besides, it is observed that you speak but coldly as to having the public k accounts of the kingdom stated ; putting it off with a wish only, as if you did secretly fear, (what the Presbyterians open. ]y say,) that the Independents are guilty of more Millions of the Publick Money than their party. Your own words are. We could wish that the Kingdom might both bt righted and publickly sa- tisfied in point of Accounts for the vast sums that have been Levied', as also for many other things, &c. But we are loth to press any thing that may lengthen dispute. Are so many JVJillionsof Pounds to be cursorily passed-over without dispute ? were they not the blood nd tears of the ex- hausted people, and the milk of their Babes ? are thry not like Achan's wedge amongst us ? would would it not much case the people of burthens, and go far in the payment of souldiers ;nul publick debts, to liave both the Kino's and the Parliament's sponges (of what party and pro- fession soever) squeezed into the coiinnon Trea- sury, whensoever tlie Common-wealth settles? Review this clause well ; and, as the Parriament hath altered some Votes in order to satisfy you, so do 3'ou alter this clause in ordc r to satisfy the people ; who long, not only to see the Kingdom, but also our new-made gentle- men, in statu quo prius. Gentlemen, you that will give Counsel, will, I hope, also take it, without offence against him that dares lay as good a claim to justice and honesty as your^ selves. -> V V . . , >• - • THEODORUS VERAX. ^•■^ i ... !»:. . * » • * Ml [ 333 ] The Mysterie of the Two Jim toes, Presbyterian and Independent, with some Additions, 1 HE Kingdom being overgrown with Prerogative^ Cor- ruption and Superstition, (the fruits of a long and lazie peace) by a long discontinuance of Parliaments; at last, by Providence, His Majesty was necessitated to call a Par- liament, the only fit College of Physicians to purge the much-dif-tcmpered Body of the Commonwealth. In this Parliament a contest between the King's Pre* rotative znd the peoples Laws mid Liberties begdt a War. The Divines on both sides, out of their Pulpits, sounding an Alarum thereto; and not on\y Sermons, hntDedaraiions of Parliament and the National Covenant, holding-forth to the people the defence of their Religion, Laws, Liberties, andP roperties, infl imed the people to the rage of battel ; as the Elephant is enraged at the si^ht of Red. This War occasioned extraordinary Taxes and Levies of mo- ney ; such as were never heard-of by our Ancestors, and were Irritamenta malorum, the nurse of our corruptions. This incentive, working upon the human frailty of the Orandoenof ii» sheaking and leading Members of the Houses, caused incm, first, to interweave their particular interests and ambitions with the publ ck welfare, and, lastly, to prefer them before the pubiick welfar.. Wherefore the ^nAkading r*- en ^ or Grandees^ (for that is now theParliament-language), first divided themselves into ]»"•"". of I'reshy- fivo factions, or Juntucs, of Presbyterians and Indepen- [fj;^';;"*''"^'"^*^"* dents ; seeming to look only upon the Church, but (Reli- gion having the strongest operation upon the spirit of man) involving also the interests of the Common-wealth. The common people of the two Houses, following (with an Houses of Pallia- mcnt. Two Faction*, or 334 The Mystery of the tivo Juntoes, an ImpHcite faith and blind obedience) the example of their lea ers. divided thcm^elvci al-o into the said Dicho- tomy : which they did with more seriousness than their] leaders, a^ not percci ing any thing of design therein;! but, according to th diversity of their Judgements, or, ra-j , . thcr, I anc'es and Confidings (for " to re;>ign a man'sjudgc- ment to the opinion of another man" is but a billy trust • and confidence/ sHiili.d the upholding of their parties] with earnestness; whilst the Grandees or each pa»t\, in private, closed together for their ov/n advancement, scrv- - - ing one another^ tuin- The Grnndtes (m al' publick debates) seem as real in ' their reciprocal bpposi:i(>ns, as those sil'.y ones who are in earnest ; whereby they cherish tlie zeal o! their respec- tive partic:', keep them till divided [D'vide & impera ■ is the 1 Jevil'srule) and so amu^c them, and take them off from looking aKer other interests, in which, were they conjojned, they might share wiih the 0'rrt/(r/<,rj them- selves. i\ndf r the bitter contentment of such their Con- fidents, as looking too iiitcntivcly after their ov\n ain, the Jiandceso' <:^.ch Junto confer something of advan- tage pon those that .ir subservient unto them, as ft e poun(!s a week, or s me petty employment. Monnpoli/iniv pro. Tlic s(H Js oi tlie^rC factions spread the nselves into the fill and iHcfcimcuts, Ccmmonwca^tl) and Armi.s, as Rh.um distills from the head into al the body Thus the kadujg men or Bcil-wcather^. having jft'/////'/;/// divided t/ic'Hfselie\^ and having r(:(Uiy ditid-dthc lionsps, and captivated the j^idg ments of their respective parti s.ius (teaching them, by an iinplicite faith, 7" "' f/" >''' !'rojects of Monopolizing the Profits, Pre- ferments ind Power of the Kingdom, in themselves. !o whic'i ['Urpose, th >u^h tiie leaders of each party sccni tJ mnin ain a hot opposition, yet, when any profi ,oi- pre er- mcnt.is to be readied at, it is observed thatapowcrlal In- dependent especially move> for a Presbyterian, era lead- ing Presbyterian tor an Independent ; and i-ekhjme iloth one ooposc,or speak against, another in btich cases, unUs e bometluiig ^^\.#;--^>'* 1 example of e said Dicho-1 5s than their) sign therein;] ncnts, or, ra- ] man's judge- a silly trust I their parties! ich patt\, in emcnt, scrv- m as real in )nes who arc their respec- fe & rm'jera ake them off 1, were thcjr ihdces them- h their Con- ir ov\n ain, ig of ad vail - hem, as fi e Ives into the ills from the (' hoHSPS, and ive partis.ias ill re I'd .i'n- ,) thty iTfrJll Profiti,, Prc- nsclvcs. !o irty seem, to 1 ,01' prter- Joucrlfjl 111- n, or a Icad- Itlonie doth ascs.unlis c bomcthi:',.: Prethyterian and Indefiendent. \ something of particular Spleen or Competition come be- tween, which causeth ihem to break the common Rule. By this means the Grandees of each faction seldom miss their mark j since, an Independent moving for a presby- tcrian, his reputation carries the business clear with the Independent party j and the Presbyterians will not op- pose a leading man of their own side. By this artifice the Grandees of each side share the Common-wealth between them ; and are now became proud, domineering, Reho- bonms, even over their fellow- members, (contrary to the liberty of Parliament, vhich consists in an equality) that were formerly fawning ambitious, Abmloms. There hath been lately given away to Members openly (besides innumerable and inestimable private cheats mutu- ally connivcd-at) at least 300,000!. in money, besides rich Offices, Imployments in rtoney- Committees. Se.juestra- tions,and other advantages. And those Nicmberswho have so well served themselves, under colour of serving the publick, are, for the most part, old Canvassers of Fac- tions, who have sat idly and safely in the House, watch- ing their advantages to confound businesFes and shuffle the cards to make their own game ; when others, that have ventured their persons abroad, labour'd in the pub- lick work, like Israelites under these yE^yptian task- masters, and lost their estates, arc left to starve untill they can find relief in that empty bag calle^l by fools fidts jmbltcat but by wise men //c/pi Punica, and are now looked-upon in the House superciliously, like unwel- come guests, (for it is known how malignantly, and how jugglingly. Writs for new Elections were granted and exe- cuted,) and are called j'o/»?ijcr biofhen; and, like younger brothtrsthey arc used, their elder brothiTs having ^lipped into the world before them, and anticipated the inheri- tance rhey have broken first into the common field, and shut the door to prevent after-comer^ even from gleaning after their full harvest ; for the hotter effecting whereof^ the have now morrgagcd,in efl^ectjidl the mean:, diey have to ra. e money, unto the City. And, being; fat md full with thep»!hlic.Iv:i\:abure,toexpresfce r.;thcr their scorn than ihcir careoi these aft.r-comers, they are making a.i Ordinance that no more money shall be given to their Members. . • . And 335 336 Committees of r Tie ][fystfry of the two Junioes. >. And yet, to shew how careful they arc of all such as have cheated the Commonwealth under them, (I will not say for them,) they have taken advantage of the Petition of the Army, wherein they desire Indemnity for all acts done in Relation to the war, and have passed an Ordi. nance of Indemnity for all such as have acted by Autho- rity, z.x\d for the service, of the Parliament : wherein, under great penalties, and with an appeal at last from the Judges of the Law to a Committee of Parliament, such as have gone beyond the authority given by Parliament, and have sequestered men's estates unjustly, and so withheld - their goods under pretence thereof; and such as have le- vied Taxes three or four times over ; are exempted from being sued for such injuries by private actions j and so the benefit of Law and Justice is taken from the op pressed, to secure Country- Committees, Sequestrators, and others (^not Prerogative, h\it Legislative) Thieves \ contrary to Magna Charta, which says, nulli negabimu^^ ■ nulli diJfcremuSfjustiiiam, aut rectum; Wc will not deny, ' *^nor defer justice and right to any man. Oh, prodigious acts, and of greater Tyranny than any King ever durst adventure upon ! "What is become of our National Co_ venant, and tlieParliament's many Declarations for defence of Laws and Liberty ? Or have wc fought our Liberty : into Slavery ? By these devices the honest middle men of the House Cwhose consciences will not let them joyn in any faction to rend the Commonwealth in sunder) are out of a posbibility of repair, and are made contemptible, as well by their own wants, as by the pride of the Grandees ; and in the end, their poverty will enforce them to leave the sole possession of the House to ihese thriving Junto-men; whq do beleaguer them therein, making them (for farther addition to their losses) pay all taxes, from which the thriving men go free : so that the poorer part of the House pays tribute to the richer. Nay, it is farther whis-^ percd, that at last the Junto-men w ill quit the Parliament- Privilege of not being sued, purposely to leave these younger Brothers to the mercy of their creditors, and disalilc them to sit in their House. the Another ambitious aim of those Junto-men is, their devise of referring al) businesses ot moment to Committees, For the active, 8pcaki..g, men, by mutual agreement, naming '■\, Preslfyterlan and Independent. Sii7 , X. all such as have I (I will not say I the Petition of ity for all acts lassed an Ordi. acted by ^ufho. lent: wherein, at last from the iament^ such as Parliament, and and so withheld luch as have Ic' exempted from actions ; and so n from the op* Sequestrators, Native) Thieves \ mlli negabimus, 'e will not deny, Oh, prodigious ■ ■\:> naming one another of every Committee (or at least their confident Ministers) do thereby forestall and intercept the businesses of the House, and, under colour of ex- amining anf^ preparing matters, they report them to the House with what glosses, additions, detractions, and advantages they please ; whereby the House (judging ac- cording to their report) oftentimes mis-judgeth, and if it be a bu inesse they are willing to smother, the Com- mittees have infinite artificial delays, to put it off, and keep it from a hearing, or at least from a reporting. By this means the remaining part of the House are but Cy- phers -in value, and Suffragans to ratifie what is forejudgr ed by the said Committees. This usurpation of theirs is much helped by keeping the doors of their Committee- rooms shut, and dispatching all affairs privately and in the dark ; whereas Justice delights in the light, and ought to be as publick as the common air, it being against v . its nature to be Chambercd-up, and kept from the ob- ^ scrvadon of eye, and eav witnesses. And by their examining of men against themselves, contrary to Magna Charta, they much enlarge their power. Parts of this project we may well call the Multiplicity Money-Commitiee* o/wowt^y-Comm/V'eej, as Goldsmiths-hall, llaberdashers- hall, the Committee of the King's revenues. Committee of the Army, &c. Where every man*s profit and power « is according to his cunning and conscience. Hereby they draw a general dependency after them : iot; he that commands the money, commands the men. These Committee-men are so powerful! that they over-awe and ^ " over-power their fellow-members, contrary to the nature of a tree-Parliament j wherein the eauality of the mem- bers must maintain the frecdoin and integrity thereof, and suppress factions. The like may be said of such Members as (\n scorn of Members holding the self-denying Ordinance) hold Offices by gift or conni- Offices, Sec. yance of the Parliament, either openly in their own name, ^ ^, or secretly in the name of some friend: ttieir offices enabling them to do courtesies and discourtesies. And, V ^ although there hath been a Committee appointed to cerd- fic all pensions, sequestrations, offices, andcmploymentsof z advantage 3St 7he.Ji^siery qf the Two Junior, '-< M- CountryComiuit- tecs* t1 advantage and profit, conferred by the Parliament upon any of their Members, in which Committee Mr. Sands holdeth the chair : \ti\s this mcerly a formality to blind the eyes of the World, and fool the expectation of jomc losing Members, who uere then resolute tc know who had already received satisfaction for their losses, and how far they had out-run their t'ellow-Members therein. Yet this Committee is now let Jall, no reports deiDanded of Mr. Sands ; and, when any is' to be made, they are not Unprovided of a means to make it fruitless, by putting every particular to debate ; well knowing, that no man will be willing to argue against the particular persons and merits of his fellow-Members, and thereby heap envy upon his own head, bendes the delay of a particular deb.itc. How frtqucntly the Coutttnj-Commiltees act contrary to the laws ot the land j how tliey trample Magna Charta under their feet ; how boldly and avowedly they trans- gress a'l Orders and Ordinances of Parliament, and break our Solemn League and Covenant j how they or- dinarily turn well affected men out of their freeholds and go«ds, imprison and beat their Persons, without any known charge, accuser, or wjtnesse against them ; nay, murther them, as in the case of Doctor Rnwky^lt, killed in prison at Welles by the Committee's Marihalli and the poor men murthered at Bridgewater j whose bloods were shed like the blood of a dog, and no real prosecution made thereof; How frequently they levy one tax three or four times over, and continue their levies after the Ordinance expires \ How cruelly they raise the twentieth and fifth part upon the weUafiected,exercbing an illegal, arbitrary, tyrannical power over their fellow-Subjects, — faf higher than ever Strafford or Canterbury durst advise the King to exercise i Mow ignorantly and unjustly they exercise a power to hear and deteriMne, or rather to determine without Iicaring, or hear without understanding, private contro- versies if Mmin (sf Tumnfitr debt, tres/)asseSf nay, Title and posaesswn of Lands, without either formality or knowledge of tlie hw, not having wit, manners, nor breeding enough, as being chosen for the greatest part, out of the basest of the people, for base ends, to sati&iic men with an outside, or Complement of justice ; Inso. muchi^ - s Preslyterian and Independent. 9f9 |ament upon ■ Mr. Sands [Hty to blind on of 5omc know who !es, and how lercin. Yet lemandcd of they arc not by putting jthat no man perso.ns and heap envy :ulardeb-itc. act contrary agna Ckarta r they trans- amcnt, and ow they or- reeholds and without any them ; nay, hgA killed Ha!); and the bloods were cution made hrce or four : Ordinance th and fifth d, arbitrary, -far higher the King to cise a power nc without ^ate coniro- nay, TitU >rmali ty or nners, nor :atestpart, to sati&fie ticcj Inso- niucl\ much that nothing is now more common, than an accu- sation without an accuser, a sentence without a Tudac, and a condemnation without a hearing. How they ex-. elude all other magistracy, engrossing to themselves the power of Sheriffs, Justices of Peace, Church-wardens, - &c. in an Arbitrary way; keeping Troops of Hors.e,^ upon pay and free quarter, for their guards, like the SO ' Tyrants of Aihem ; and, if any man but speak of calling, them to give an account, they presently vote him a De- linquent, and Sequester him. If any man, I say, be so deaf as not to hear the loud universal out-crying of the People, and is so great a stranger in our Israel as not to know these truths, let him peruse M. Edward King*s discovery of the arbitrary actions of the Committee of Lincoln, and the heads of Grievances of G/flTOo/i-tf/ix/i/Ve, printed 1647, where he may see these things briefly Epitomized ; but to Historize them at large would require a volume as big as the book o( Mviyrs. These Committees are excellent spiinges to ?uck money from the people, and to serve not only their own, but also the Covetous, Malicious, and Ambitious, ends of those that raked them out of the dunghill for that employment, and do defend them in - their oppressions. VV ho i ^ so blind as not to sec that these men have their Protectors ? the Dcemones to whom they ofFcr-up pirt of their rapiaes, to whom they sacrifice Occulta spolia, ^ plures de pace Trmmphos, If there be any intention to restore our Laws and Lib. rties, and free us from arbitrary Government, it is fit that these Committees and all associations be laid-down, having no enemy to associate against, and that the old form of Government by Sheriffs, Justices of the Peace, &c. be re-established, and the Militia in each County settled, as before, in Lieutenants and deputy-Lieutenants, or in Commissioners- The rather, because the people are now generally of opinion, Ihat they may as easily find Charity in Hell, as Justice in any Committee, and that the Kin^^ hath taken* down one Star chamber, and the Parliament hath set-up A hundred. ^or is it a small artifice to raise money by so many Z% .leveral The old form of go* veniment ought to be re-estabiished in* ttead of the new mode bv Commit- tees of irarliareent I he too great nun- ►er of Taxci, whiclh Ho Tie Mjustery of the Two Juhtoes, W?" several and con/used Taxes : Whereas one or two ways, Orderly used and well husbanded, would have don6 the work. 1. A I^oyall Subsidic of 3oo,oool. 2. Poll money, jj. The tree Loans and Contributions upon the Publick Faith amounted to a vast, incredible, ?um in money, Plate Morse, Arms, ^c. 4. Ihc Irish adventure for the sale of JLands the second time. 5. The weekly meal. 6. The City Loan after the rate of 50 Sub:idies. 7. The Assessment for bringing-in the Scots. 8. The five & twentieth part. p.Thc Weekly Assessment for my Lord General's Army. lo.The Weekly (ormonethly) Assessment for Sir Tho- mas Fairfax's Army. 1 1. The Weekly Assessment for the Scotch Army. 1 2. ThcWecklyAsscssmcnt for the British Army in Ireland, 1 3. The Weekly Assessment for my Lo» of Manchester*sArmY- 14. Free-quarter f'at leastj conni- ved-at by the State, because the Souldiers) having for a time subsistence that way> are the less craving for their pay; whereby their Arrears, growing stale, wiil at last either be frustrated by a tedious Committee of Accounts, or forgotten i in the mean time, the Grand Committee of Accounts, discount It out of the Commander's Arrears, whereby the State saves it. i^.Thc King's Revenue. 16. Sequestrations and Plunder by Committees j which, if well answered to the State, would have carried-on tlic work : which thus I demonstrate. One half of all the goods and Chattels; and (»t least j one-half of the Lands, Rents, and revenues of thekingdome; have been seques- tered. And who can imamnc that one-half of the profit and Goods of the Land will not maintain any Force that can be kept and fed in England, for the defence thereof? ] 7. Excise upon all thin«. This alone, if well managed, would maintain the War: the Low-Countries make it almost the only support, id. Fordfication-money, &c. By these several ways and Taxes, ab.jut forty Millions J in money and money's worth, have been thilked from the people ; and the Parliament ("as the Pope did once^ may call England^ Puteum inexhaustum ; yet it is almost drawn^'ry. A vast Treasure, and so excessive, as nothing but a long peace could import ; and nothing but much fraud and many follies could dissipate : and we cnglit not to wonder, if it be accounted inter arcana . " novisiimi Preshifttrian atid Independent;, S4t: two ways, c done the oil money, le Publick 3ncy, Plate the sale of The City Assessment itierh part. al's Army, r Sir Tho- cnt for the the British or my Lo, istj conni- iving for a r their pay; last either counts, or nmittee of 's Arrears, venue. i6. which, if ied-on tlic ' of all the ihe Lands, ;en seques- the profit Force that B thereof? managed, ies make >n-money, .)ut forty en milked Pope did i yet it is excessive, d nothing : : and wc ?r arcana novisn'mi noi>;sj/W /m/^/V, to be always making, yet never finish)^ , ' ing, an account thereof. And, as they have arcificially confounded the accounts Account*. by laying-on a multiplicity of Taxes j so f'for the same . reason^ they let the money run in so many muddy, obscure, channels, through so many Committees and Offi- cers* fingers, both for collecting, receiving, issuing, and paying it forth, that it is impossible to make, or balance, any Pv blick account ihereof ; and, at least, one half theco- of is known to be (ievoured by Committees and Officers, and those that, for lucre, protect them. By these means, as they make many men partners with them in the pub- Kck spoyls, so they much strengthen and increase their party, whereby muUiiudo pec an^ turn toUit panam. If these things were not purposely done, i. Our Taxes Accounts again would be fewer in number, and more in eff^cct. 2. They would be to run in one channel, under the fingering of * ■ fewer ilarpies, and perspic ous aud &rue Entries made of all receipts and disbur:^ements, which would be pub- lick to common view and examination. The Exchequer way of accounts is the exactest, and be t known way of account of England, and most fiee from deceit; which is almost confessed de facto, wlien, to make the King s Re- venue more obnoxious to their desires, chey took it out . ' of the Excheqier-way, (contrary to the fundamental Laws of the Land ; for both the Higher and the Lower Exchequer are as antient and fundamental as any court in England : ) and put it under a Committee, which, (as all other Committees do,) will tender an account of their Stewardship at the latter day. In the mean time divers of that Committee buy-in old, sleeping, Pensions, which they pay themselves from the first ot their arrears j yec other men, that have disbursed money out of their purses for the King's Service, can receive no pay for any mo- *> ney laid- forth before A// cAoe/wiaj Term, 1643, because (forsoothj then the Committee, first, took charge of the Revenue. In the mean time the King's Tenants and . Debtors are deprived of the benefit of the Laws and Li- berties of the subject, which before they enjoyed} all Debts and Moneys being now raised by the terrour of Pursuivants and Messengers, whose Commissions arc z 3 only v*'V ..■■Q't: S42 The Mystery of the Two Juntoes, The Committee of Accountii dnly to destraln and levy, &c. whereas formerly the Fx- chcqucr sent-out legal Proccrse, and the Tenant or Deb- tor had liberty to plead to it in his own defence, if he thought himself wronged; but now. new Lords, new Laws ; and to count'" nance their doings, the Committee liavc gotten an addition of some Lords to them. 3. If there were fair play above-board, so many Members of both Houses would not be ambitious of the trouble and clamour that attends Task-masters, Publicans, and such sinners as sit at the receipt of Cu^tome, being no part of the business lor which the Writ Summons, or the people choose, or trust, them ; and whereby they arc diverted from the business of the House : but would leave that employment to other men, who (not having the character and priviledgc of Parliament upon them,) will be less able to protect themselves and their agents from giving pub- lick accounts of their receipts aud disbursements, and from putting affronts and delays upon the Committee of Accompts, (as it is well known) some of them have done. Lastly, it is scandalous that the same men should be continued so long in their moncy-cmployments, be- cause Diuturnitas ^ solUudo corrumpunt Imperia j and by long continuance and experience they grow so har- dened, so cunning in their way, and so backed with de- pendencies, that it is almost impossible to trace them. And although (when wc look upon the many persons employed) wc cannot say there is solitude personarum ; yet, when we consider that, by a long partnership in their employments, they are allied-together in one common Interest, they are to be esteemed but as one man : for a Corporation of men is but many men joined -together as one man, and with one mind pursuing one and the same end or Interest. And, though they have a general Committee of Ac- compts, yet they were nominated by those Members that ought to give Accompts, and it mu<;t needs be sus- picious tor an Accomptant to choose those perf^ons be- fore whom he shall accompt. And we sec Rafter so* long a time of their sitting) no fruit thereof. Whereas the people did hope, that, after so much money spent, and euch great debts and arrears left \,o pay, (whereby they ; '• " threatened Presljflerian and Independent, 949 leave that le character be le!^s able giving pub- smcnts, and ommittee of them have men should ymcnts, bc- ifyeriai and row so har- med with de- trace them, any persons ersonarum ; >hip in their e common man : for a together as d the sanie tee of Ac ! Members :ds be sus- lersons be- cer so- long 'hcrcas the spent, and ercby they threatened occasioned. threatened wirli a continuance of their Taxcs^ that a ^ull and exact general account of all Receipts and Disbursc- mens would have been published in print, for their sa- tisfaction as is usuallv done in the Low Countries, and v ^ as was once done by this Pailiament, y//ino 1 641, by a Declaration of th? Acconptsof the KingHom. But, it may be, the Synod in favour of the Grancfce^, have voted that place in Scripture (Render an account of ^■ thif Stewards kip) to be but Apocryphal. By these exorbitant courses, though they have drained Wants of the Par. Forty Millions from the People, yet as Philip of Ma- •«'"">«. and how cedon was said to be Inter quotidianas rapinas semper inops) they are fallen to such ridiculous want and beg- gary, that they have lately pawned almost al! the secu- rity they have: for 200,000/. to disband the Army, and enter rpon the Irish employment. They have slit Gold- smith's-Hall in sunder, and given one side thereot to the City, and kept the other half thereof to themselves, and that already charged with 200,000/. at least. So that, if any sudden occasion happen, they have put their purse into the hands of the uncircumcised Jews of the City, and cannot r^ise one penny but by new Taxes upon the people. It was worth observing, to see how officiously some of the old Stagers took leave of the pttblick purse, before it came into Hucksters* hands. Alderman Peri' nington had a debt of 3000/. he owed to Sir Jokn Pen- nington, fprgivcn him, (he never asked forgiveness of his sins more heartily) and 3, 000/. mote given him out of Goldsmith'sHall in course ^ the reason of this bouncy -was forked, or two-fold. J. Because he hath got enough before. 2. To comfort his heart, for being left out of the City IV^ilitia. But the most observable thing was, to see this old Parliament, like a young Prodigal, take-up money upon difficult terms, and entangle all that they had for a security. 1 . They gave way to the City to hedge-in an old debt, being a loan of money after the rate of 50 Subsidies, and other old debts. 2. Whereas 'iOO,OOOl. only was the sum to be borrow- ed, the City enjoyned them to take up 230,00()1. whereof z 4 the rA* Moflest and utemben. middle P J |iio\i$i(>ii to buve ihem^ehcs. IhtMysUryxiJ IheT^poJuntoiSt - ; the odd 30,C00l. to be bestowed for relief of decayed oc* cupiers of the City j so that upon the matter the Fariia- ment pays 150,(001. Brokerage. S. Tbat the City may not trust the greatest unthrifts of Christendome, with laying-out of their own money ; they put upon them two Treasurers of the City, to receive and disburse it for the service for which it was borrowed ; so you see they have now neither credit, money, nor a purse to put it in. So that the modest Members ^ who have been more for- ward to help their Country than tohclpthemselvcs,are left in the lurch,for their losses, and exposed to the laughter of their elder brothers, the old Junto-men, and factious lea- ders of the House, all being now mortgaged to the Lom," hards of the City. The thriving Members hope their younger brothers will continue as modest as they have been; and digest all with patience. But others, and those neither fools nor knaves, hope that all the modes f and mid- men of the Houses, such as are engaged in no faction, will be provoked hereby to draw into a third party, or Jun- to, to moderate the excesses of the other two, when any thing prejudicial to the Commun-weuith is agitated ; and to call the old Jun/o-rnQn, those land-Pyratcs, to account, making them cast-up what they have swallowed, and bring it to a common dividend, or rather to pay the Army and Publick debts, whereby the pi^ople may be cased of their pressures. Not lee them be discouraged with the supposed difficulty hereof ; since 20 or SO men holding together, and observing the cross-debates, and ditferent sway tf each party, may easily make themselves moderators of their differences, and turn the scales, for the best advantage of the commonwealth, which way they please to cast in their Votes, since it is very rare to have any question carried by more than eight or ten voices. Most of these Grandees are reported to have, for tfieir retreat, houses in the Low-Countries, richly furnished with Sequestered Plat*., Limien, and Stuff, and great store of money in bank for their shelter, against such stormes as their Rapine, Tyranny, and ignorance, iilay happily raise here amongst us. In those tlieir retirements, tlicse authors of our miseries will enjoy their sins, and our Praht^teridn and Ifidfp66iedtT 845 decayed oc* • the Farlia- unthrifrs of noney ; they rective and urowcd ; so nor a purse ?n more for- 'Ivcs,are left laughter of faciious lea- the Lom- hope their s they have s, and those esf Olid mid- no faction, iity, orJwM. L when any litarcd ; and to account, 1 1 and bring -Army and 5ed of their le supposed S together, vaycfeach ns of their ^vantage of :ast in their carried by 1 for //wV furnished and great linst such »nce, nlay lirements. sins. and our cur spoy Is in- security, attending ant dpportutaity to 1}ur- ^^ chase meir peace ait last, sind betray our safeties and ''/■'■ Liberties to the enraged Piince and People. This is called robbing of the Egyptians ; and doubtlesse these ambitious State^ Mountebanks have brought us into dark- ness worse then Egyptian. The text saith, the Egypti- ans rose not from their places in three days j they yet ' knew where they were, which is more than we do, every, man being out of his place and rank ; the Servant in place . of his Master, the Begg.u" ill place of the King, the Fool in place of the Councellour, the Thief in place of the Judge, the cheater in place of the Treasurer, the Clown in place of the Gentleman:, none but God alone can play Dafdaais*s part, and give us a Clue to lead us out of this labyrinth, into which these unpolitick Hi/cus Pocusses have Iri ought us ; thtse unskilful workmen, that have built-up Babel, and pulled-down Sion, Others are said to prepare Foreign Plantations for retreat; to people which, Children a? e ravished from their parents Arms, and shipped-away ; — an abomination not known in England before, and therefore no competent law has been made a- gainst it; no more tlun in ancient Rome against Parricides. By what hath been already said, you see what the danJces; tlicir stverol, and what the conjoyiied interests of these two de^gn*"J^'J'^ Juntoes, or Factions, Prusbyierian and Independent^ are ; strcnjjtii*. let us now consider where their several strength lies. The Independent groundeth his strength upon the ^rmy; * - which if he can keep-up, he hopes to give the Law to all j and to produce that great Chimaera, Liberty of conscience : not considering that the coniusion and licentiousnesse of such a liberty will destroy itself, libertas Ubertate perit. The hresbyterians have three Pillars to support them, i. The City is their chief foundation, with which they keep a strict correspondence and daily communication of Coun- sels. Upon this consideration they have lately put the Parliament's purse itiio tiie Cltio's Pocivit, as aforesaid ; and settled and enl;\rgtd the City-Militia Whereas all the Countries of England ^bcing more oDnoxious to injuries than the City ) suffer much for wantof sctiliug th.ir iVliiitia, the Parliament not trusclng ihem with aruui, even so much as for th'^ir own defence, 'i his i^i an evident sign that there it mnd I " S46 1i The Mifstety of the Ten JuntoeSf h a farther design than that of disbanding this army. And because, the City-Militia cam only keep in awe the adjacent South and East Counties of the Kingdom ; therefore, to suppress the remoter part^, and enforce them to obedi- ence, they keep-up some in-land Garrisons^ and have the Scots and General Poyniz's army mpemumerary for the North i and in the West (under colour for sending men for Ireland) they keep, upon free quarter ^nd pay of the Coun- try, many supernumerary Regiments and Troops, mostly Cavaliers, at least five times as many as they really intend to transport. These are always going, but never gone ; like St. George, always m his saddle, and never on his way. Something ever is and shall be wanting untill Sir Thomun Fairfax's army be disbanded ; and then (it is thought) the disguise will fall-off; and these supernumeraries snail appear a new-modelled Army, under Presbyterian Com- manders you may be sure, and such whose Consciences shall not befool their wits where any matter of gain appeareth. If this be net their aim, why did they not disband those lewd supernumeraries before last winter, since they might have raised as many men the spring following for half the charge their very free quarters cost ? and most of these swear they will not go tor /re- iand, vowing they will cut the throats of the Round- heads. The Country is amazed, fearing these Cavaliers arr kept on free quarter by a Cavaleerish party for some Cavaleerish design. Secondly, why did they not rather divide Sir Thomas Fairfax's Army into two parts, one to go for Ireland, the other to stay in Enziand, being already modelled, excellently disciplined, and having the visible marks of God's favour upou their actions ? But to take a few for Ireland t a few lor England, and leave a Coar in the middle to be plucked -off and disbanded, was the way to discontent them, and put them into mutiny, and thereby necessitate the Parliament to disband them all, and give an opportunity to them that seek it» to new-modell another army out of the aforesaid Supernu- meraries, more pliable to the desires of the Presbyterian Junto. Add hereunto the causeless, exasperating spcecbet and a5peri>ions cast upon most of the Army, purpobcly (as moderate Tteshyterian and tudtptnient, »il anny. And the adjacent therefore, to )m to obedi- and have the rflfr;/ /or the iding men for |of the Coun- •oops, mostly really intend never gone ; ir on his way. I Sir T/iomujt i» thought) leraries shall irterian Corn- Consciences itter of gain did they not last winter, 1 the apring free quarters t go for 7re- the Round- 'avaliers ir^ ty for some y not rather » parts, one 'Jand, being I having the )ns? But to and leave a anded, was ato mutiny, iband them seek lt> to J Supcrnu* resbyterian )g spiecbet rpobcly (as moderate modrrate men think) to discontent them. Thirdly, if they have i\o. intent to keep-up an Army 'against the Peo- ple, vl'/ have they continued the military charge for another year, and enlargc;d it from 52,0001. to 60,0001. a moiiiith ? Thuti 'he City, Tn land Garrisons , Supernumerary Frcslij-ten. forces vew-modtlkd dre like to prove the three-stringed whip, wherewith the Presbyterian Phaelons will drive the triur.iphanr Chariot, if they prevail : to which may be added the Presbyters themselves, who, by over-awing ' mors Cunsciences with their Doctrine, will subdue and work mens minds, like wax, to receive any impression of bondage that tyranny and oppression can set before them i as they do in Scotland The Clergy, in a!l times and places, have ever held with the mighty, as the Jackall hunts still with the Lion to partake of his prey ; The < I'Tgy have ever had an itch to be meddling with State- affairs \ which shows how contemptible an opinion they have of their c i: -oat, that they can find no content- ment in it \ yet ft . 3uld have the Laiety to have a re- verend opinion o; :.. The Popish Clergy draw all Civil Affairs, publick and private, under their jurisdiction and <;pgnisance, qualer.us there is peccntvm in all human ac- ticins I the Presbyterians do the same thing, quatenus there is scimdalumin all human actions. What is the odds? Pec" catum is the mother, Scandaluni the Daughter j and both pretend they do this in ot dine ad Deum. But universal ex- perience teach.eth us, how miserable that Commonwealth is, where the corruption of a Church-man proves the gene- ation of a Statesman. The premisses considered, I shall propound these ensu- ing Quofiies to those that arc of better judgement than myselK 1. Q«^rp, why the title and punishment of Malignants Qnanreiupontlie is ti-aiislated from :he Cavaliers, who fought for regal P«"on"»»«' Tyranny against the Parliament, and laid upon those that fought against regal Tyranny for the Parliament ? Is it not because those Cavaliers that have fouglit for one Tyranny, will not be scrupulous to fight for another? and such well-aft'ccted as have opposed Tyranny in one Kind, will not admit of it in another .? why is it now ac- counted 348 The Mystery ofibg Two Junloes, .s^ 1 counted a note of Malignancy and disaffection to endeavour the putting- down of arbitrary Government, and re-esta- blishing our Laws, Liberties, and Properties, whereto the Parliament by their many Declarations and their National Covenant are bound? lay this to heart, and consider whether they have not changed these their first Principles, and consequently whether they are not desirous ta change their old friends who resolutely adhere to the said Principles. 2. If the King grant the Propositions, or if he deny them, and the Predominant Junto (or both Juntoes joyned together, to drive on one Common interest ? for it is now thought they are upon an accommodation to keep-up that lower Conjunction, which they despair to uphold diviihn) establish the military and civil power without him, according to their desires, and in order to their aims ; .'■^tuere, whether the said leading men settled in their posture, with their confident guards about them, may not draw after them so many of their party as upon an implicit faith, will foliow^ them, and lick- up the ciunibs of the publick spoilcs under their tables, expelling or disabling (as aforesaid) the disengaged Members, and by this policy make themselves perpetual Dictators, in- corporating and engrossing to themselves both the Con- sultive, Directive, and Ministerial power of the Kingdom, in all causes Civil and Military, setting-up an Oligarchy, or popular Tyranny, instead of a Regal, as the Thirty Tyraius of Athens did. In order whereto, they already declare, 1 . 1 hat an ordinance of Parliament, without the King's royal assent, is equall to an Act of Parliament. 2. T hat an Ordinance is above a Law by virtue of their legislative power : upon which, presuming in their Ordi- nance o\ Indemnity, they have granted an appeal from the Judges of the Law to a Committee of Parliament j See tile ordmance May 1 , I 647. 8. That they arc the irrevocable Trustees of the peoples Lives, Liberties and Properties, without account, with other principles prepa- rative to Tyranny. V 3. Qvcere, Why Arbitrary and Barbarous Government by Committees and other illegal proceedings (which in time of war were used upon real, or prctcndeid, necetsity, and Preslyterian and IndepcndettL d4^ if he deny ntoesyyyn&i or It is now to keep-up to uphold ver without ler to their n settled in bout them, riy as upon lick- up the s, expeiling ?mbers, and ctators, in- h the Con- ! Kingdom, Oligarchy^ the Thirty ^ey already vithout the lament. 2. ue of their heir Ordi- ppeal from arliament ; ey are the lerties and '/« frepa- >vcrnment (which in necetsiry, and M:\ and were then only excusable, because necessitas tollH Legem) are still continued upon us now in time of peace, no enemies troubling our quiet ; and without any further pretence of necessity, contrary to their National Covenant, and all their Declarations ? is it nbt to inure the people * to servitude, and exercise their patience ? 4. Qucere^ Whether the prodigious oppressions of Committees, Sequestrators, &c. and of Free-quarter, be not purposely countenanced to necessitate the people to : nse in tumults, that thence occasion may be taken to keep in-land Garrisons and Armies ? 5. Qutere, Whether our Laws, Liberties, and Proper- ties, are not now as liable to an invasion from the Legis- lative power, as formerly from the Prerogative ? consi- , dering that those who, like ambitious /ibsalom, courted - and wooed the people in the beginning of the trouble-', now, like hungry Rehoboams, care not though the people complain. Their little finger is heavier than the loyns of the King; the controversie between the two Juntoes being no more than whose slaves we shall be. 6. Quarct Whether if the King hereafter tread ia the steps of -the Parliament, and their Committees, he will not be a greater tyrant than either the Turk, Russe, or French, and have as absolute dominion over his Subjects, as the Devil hath over damned souls in Hell? and how dangerous these precedents may be to those Laws and Liberties which we have sworn to maintain. If the middle and disengaged men in the House, do not Middle and mode- speedily unite themselves into a party or Junto, (a*' the latc Members again. factions have done,) and communicate their counsels, they will be arena sine cake, loose and dissipated by every breath : and neither serviceable to themselves nor to their Country. Whereas, if they unite, twenty or thirty may become Moderators and Umpires between both parties \ as haih been already said. Let the moderate men but consider how sad and dishonourable a thing it is, to see nothing almost of great and publick concernment come into the House, but what hath been bc/ore-h/nd conlrivedy debated and digested in one or botli of thetwo Juntoes at their private meetings, and put into so resolved and prejudicate a way and method of dispatch, that every man aso Tis Mystery of the Two Jnntoes, KB. Conclusion with (•.ueiomplaiuts. 'A man is appointed his part, or Cue, befoi*e>hand ; one man to move it^ and set it on foot, another to second him ; one man speak to one part of the Argument, ano. ther to another part ; another to keep himself to the last for a reserve, and speak to the question; which he is pro- vided to qualifie with a distinction, or vary itj if he find it difficult to pass. Thus all publick businesses are measured by private respects ; whereby it app' ars, that, z"* frequent Parliaments we goodPkijsicfc,so continual Parliaments are bad food ; and the people may complain, that qui medici vivify misere vruit. Parliaments are Bona peritura ; they cannot keep long without corruption. Their perpetuity emboldens the members, by taking from them all fear of being called to account, especially if they get their sons into the Houses as well as themselves, (as many have done this Parliament, and more endeavour to do) where- by they have an estate in their places for two or three lives*. Moreover, by long sitting they become so familiar with one another's persons and designs, as to serve one another's turns, to joyn interests^ and to draw into facti- ons, hodie iiii/ii, eras titi. If you and your party will help me to day, I and my friends will help you to-morrow. J\lis€rima Respuhlica uhi majeitas Imperii^ &'. folus po- puli discordibus co^Jlictanlur siudiis. What shall we say ? En ! quo discordia te/ra-——'perduAit miseros .«* Shall we complain to God? God hath a controversie with us. Of whom shall we complain ?— of ourselves ? we must first reform ourselves ; We, that take upon us to reform Church and Common-wealth. Shall we com- plain of our sins? Ask the grace of repentance first, and so ask that uc may obtain. Shall we complain of our punishments? Let us first repent, and amend our sins, that caused them. Let us first pluck- off the mask of hypocrisie ; God will sec through such a fantastical gar- • These inconircnienccg niisipa; frnm tlie lonj; conlinuancc of the name House of Coininont. would be removed bv ic\ iviii^ the good old custom vf liat iiig a new I'urlinineiit elected by a new wiit of suinnions, ut leust once in evety year, as was (iiruribcd fn two itct:> i.l' railktincat in the 4lii and theSGlh yeais of the ^tvaikin}.' ICUvvard the 3d, which apneur to have becnconsiant'lytibserved lioiiilheSGih viarttkinn I'.dvard the aii'» leij-n to the lAthyeai'ct'thu tellwwin]{ rcii(u lil Iciii^ Ki(.liai(l lliv mi, vf l^'i Hi ftirccesiiv«}c.u. mcnt Preshjflerkm and Indcptndt.nt. 9S.I irent of Fig-leaves. Let us no longer make religion a stalkin^'horse ; God, who is all Wisdome and all Truth, wiil not be deceived. If we talk like Christians, and walk like Turks, Christ will not own us. To fast for a day, aiid hang our heads like bulrushes, will not recon- cile us. We roust fast from publick spoyls, rapines, and oppression, and not drink the tears of the poor and needy. Shall we complain with the prophets, lliat our Princes are become Thieves? That was heretofore our complaint; but now wemust invert it, and cry , That ourThieves (mean and base people) are become Princes. We are sick, very sick, intemperately sick, and God hath given us a Physi- cian in his wrath, a Leper as white as snow, fitter to infect, than curenis. What Physick doth he prescribe ? Poyson. What diet ? Stones instead of bread, Scorpions instead of fishes ; hard fare for them who formerly fed so daintily* Before I conclude, let me give you the pedi- gree of our Miseries, and of their Remedies. A long Peace begat Plenty ; Plenty begat Pride, and her Sister lliot ; Pride begat Ambition ; Ambition begat Faction ; Faction begat Qvil War: And (if our evils be not incu- rable, if we be not fallen in id temporis quo nee vitta nostra, nee eorum remedia Jerre possumm) our War will beget Poverty, Poverty Humility, Humility Peace again ; Sic renim revertentihm vicibus annulus vi rtitur Polilicus, The decliiung spoke of the Wheel will rise again. But we are not yet sufficiently humbled, we have not repented with Ninevy : We y^car Silks and Velvets instead of Sackcloth and Ashes (even the meanest up-start hath his thefts writ upon his back by his Taylor in proud Charac- ters of Gold Lace) ; we have not watered our Couch with our Tears, but with aA adulterous sweat. Look to it therefore, ye Slate Incuhi, that, by an incestuous co- pulation, have begot Plenty upon War, and filled your houses with thespoyl and plunder of your dear Country; an inundation of blood, and of the tears of the oppress- ed, will wash away the foundation of your houses: And peace will be far from you in this world, but especially that peace which the world cannot give : And because, Salamander-lfhe, yon delight in the fire of Con- tention, an unquenchable fue will be your lot hereafter. And "J it / Resolution and scope •ftbcsutbor* T^t Mjl^tery'tf theTviO Juntoes, 'AnA, though you esciu^ all accounts here, yet upon the ' great day of account, wnen you shall receive your sentence of condemnation, those your Children for whose prefer- ment you sell your Souls, your God for gold, shall not shew so much tbankfiilness or pity towards you, as to say, alas our Father I But your h«^s are hardened ^iilrPha- raoh; I leave ydu*" therefore to Pkara V* destiny, to be drowned in your own Red*8ea, as he was in his. * Thus' far have I adyentured to vindkate our Religion, Lawsj and Liberties with my pen ; in discharge of my con- science and pursuance of our National Covenant,which obli- eth us to defend them against whomsoever, to our power ; neither knowing nor caring whether, in so wicked an age (wherein vice is honoured, and virtiij^r contemned) 1 may t)e thought worthy 9f punishment for being more righteous than my superiours. I know an honest man is wondered-at like a monster, tnd the innocency of his life and conversation suspected as a libel against the State: yet, if I perish, I perish; et pereundum in lici/is. Nor am I less provided of a safe retreat than our Grandees ; my grave is open for me, and one foot in it already. Contempsit omnes Hie qui morteni pritis : He* that con- temns death, scorns both Hope and Fear, which are the only affections that make Knaves, Fools, and Cow- ards, of all the worlds Tlie world is a goodly Thea- ter, we are the actors, God is poet and chief spectator; we must not choose our own parts : that is at God's ap- pointment ; one man he appoints to play the King, ano- ther the beggar j one a coniick, another a Tragick part ; whatsoever part God hath appointed for me in thSs re- mamder of my life, I will have aicare to personate it in- genuously and aptly, not doubting but my Exit shall be accompanied with an applaiise into my Tyring-room, my Tombe ; nor will I refuse the meanest part that may draw a plaudit from so excellent a spectator, but will pre- pare myself for the worst of evils m this worst of times> and pray to God to reform our Reformers, ^men, THE £ND. n AkP et upon the ^our sentence 'hose pn^fer- W, shall not lou, as to say, iliny, lobe 'his. •ur Religion, [eof my con- it, which obli- our power ; icked an age Qned) I "may being more honest man )cency of his 1st the State: iicitis. Nor r Grandees ; I it already. 16' that con- , which are ij and Cow- oodly Thea- ef spectator J It God's ap. King, ano- ragick part ; 5 m this re- sonate it in- xii shall be rring-room^ Jt that may ut willpre- "st of times, {irnen. ^.