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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Stre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est film6 A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. i by errata med to nent une pelure, fapon d 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 ihf. CA KVA SEVEl THE THE CANADA SPELLING BOOK; INTENDED AS AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE; CONSISTING OP \ VARIETY OF LESSONS PROGRESSIVELY ARRANGED; IN TDREE PARTS. WITH AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING SEVERAL USEFUL TABLES; THE OUTLINES OF GEOGRAPHY; A COMPREHENSIVE SKETCH OF GRAMMAR; WITH *it FOR EVERY DAY IN THE WEEK; THE WORDS DIVIDED AND ACCENTED ACCORDING TO THE PUREST MODE OF PRONUNCIATION. BY ALEXANDER DAVIDSON. TORONTO: RINT^ED ED AND PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR, BY HENRY EOWSELL, KING STREET. 1840. %■ PREFACE. There is scarcely anything of so much importance to a community, as a suitable Spelling Book; it exerts an influence peculiarly its own, whether in regard to first impressions, or the formation of character and conduct. The sentiments acquired at school are generally retained through life. During a residence of nearly twenty years in Canada, the compiler of the following pages often had occasion to notice the grea. diversity of elementary books in use, and how exceedingly inappropriate many of them were to the object for which they were professedly designed. At the present time this diversity is not diminished; and it cannot be denied that, in different sections of the country, those of United States' origin are the most numerous. While Spelling Books from England are to us necessarily defective, not being suited to our scenery and other localities, those of a foreign origin are liable to more serious objections. It is very generally acknowledged, that our system of popular instruction is exceedingly inefficient; but, were it otherwise, the evil alluded to is one of great magni- tude, and is in itself sufficient to excite regret in the mind of every individual possessed of any degree of true patriotism. iv PBEFACE. Since no person more competent to the task has stepped forward to apply a remedy, it has been the object of the compiler to do so in the succeeding pages. In pursuit of this object — in addition to lessons written expressly — he has availed himself of every assistance within his reach. Nor has he forgotten that education, unconnected with religion, is vain, if not injurious : he has therefore been particularly careful to introduce such reading lessons as will subserve the interests of religion and morality, by directing the young mind to the great Author of all existence, and to consider itself destined to be an heir of immortality. Niagara, RECOMMENDATIONS : From the Rev. A, N. Bethune, Editor of the Church, I have perused, with some attention, the Spelling Book compiled for the use of Canadian youth, by Mr. A. Davidson, of Niagara, and have much pleasure in bearing testimony to the industry and skill with which this useful little work has been accomplished. An adaptation of local peculiarities to the excellent models furnished by Mavor and others, appears to have been the aim of Mr. Davidson, and it is one which strikes me as having been very successfully pursued. It seems also, on other grounds, better suited to beginners than many works of a similar kind which deservedly enjoy an established reputation. A very positive inculcation of the duty of loyalty, and of tiiat great obligation upon which loyalty and ev^ery other sound principle is founded, — religion, is diffused througl: out the work; so thac the good subject, and the conscientious Christian, may safely place it in the hands of his children. On these grounds, and from its general simplicity and cheapness, I cannot but express a strong hope that it will entirely supersede the use, in any of our Common Schools, of that very questionable work "Webster's Spelling Book, and that it will meet with a very cordial and extensive patronage from the parents and in- structors of children throughout the Canadian Provinces. A. N. BETHUNE. Rectory^ Cohourg, - ■ ■ July 14th, 1840. % From the Rev. Jonathan Scott, Editor of the Oiristian Guardian. " Christian Guardian" Office, Toronto, 22nd July, 1840, My dear Sir: — T have read, with much pleasure, the greater part of your manuscript, entitled, " Canada Spelling Book," and regret that my urgent duties have not allowed me to bestow more attention upon it. I deem it well suited to the interesting purpose for which it is intended j and in the preparation of e^very part of it, you have evidently had vi that purpose in view, and by a sound judgment, and an admirable cautiousness, endeavoured to accomplish it. So far as I am able to give an opinion, the numerous lessons it contains are correct, and those conveying sentiments couched in language sufficiently simple and concise to be well adapted to the capacities and tastes of juvenile learners ; while there is instruction varied enough to meet the wants of the most ignorant, and of youth that have made some proficiency in their elementary studios. WTiat gratifies me most, is the moral and religious tendency of those parts of your work which are didactic. Having these views of it, which I ex- press to you with much diffidence, I venture to say, its pub- lication will supply a desideratum long felt to exist in the Canadas, — where, on its being generally used, it will, I doubt not, be of great utility. I heartily recommend it, and for one shall ever be ready to award the praise due to you as its author, I am. My dear Sir, Very respectfully yours, JONATHAN SCOTT. To Alexander Davidson, Esq, Frmn the Rev. Robert McGili, Minister of the Church of Scotland, I have examined the Canada Spelling Book with some attention. I^ contains every thing usually comprehended in an elementary work of this class, with this advantage, that many of the lessons are founded upon circumstances which must be frequently falling under the observation of the young, and will therefore be more intelligible and inte- resting to them. Esteeming the great variety of Spelling Books to be found in our common schools an evil, the more 60 that some of them are adapted to political institutions different from ours, I should be gratified to see them dis- placed by one good booh. I think the Canada Spelling Book is a good book, and would recommend it for the use of Schools. ROBERT McGILL. Niagara, 29th July, 1840. vu h From the Uev, T/iomas Creen^ Minister of the Church of England, Niagara, August 4th, 1840. Sir : — Having formed a high opinion of the merits of the Spelling Book which you have completed with so much judgment and accuracy, after a careful examination of the manuscript, I am gratified to find that it is now in the course of being published, because I have long considered such an elementary work much needed in this Province. I, t'lerefore, wish you success in the publication, and beg to add my humble recommendation of the Canada Spelling Book to public patronage, as well entitled to supersede the foreign Spelling Books now too generally used in our Com- mon Schools. Respectfully, your obedient servant, THOMAS CREEN, Chairman of the Trustees And Board of Educationy A, Davidson, Esq, Niagara District. BRIEF INTRODUCTORY REMARKS, CONCERNING THE LETTERS OF THE ENGLISH ALPHABET. In the English Alphabet there are twenty- six letters, viz. : A^ Z>, c, rf, e, fi //, //, f, 7, /e, /, w, w, 0, jo, (/, r, 5, ^, z^, V, IT, or, ?/, 2:. yi, ?/r. A period marks a complete sentence; a colon, the chief member of a complete sentence; a semicolon, a half member; a comma, a subdi- vided half member; a note of interrogation indicates that a question is asked; and a note of admiration implies a sudden emotion of the mind. \ 4 11 ts in ion. S:r£LLING BOOIL. PART L la Roman Alphabet. A B C D E F O H I J K li MNO P Q R STU V W X abcdefgh i jklmnop q r s tuvwxj z & 16 THE CANADA Letters arranged promiscuously^ D B C G F E H AXU YM VR WNKP Z O J Q I 8 li T & xwzuocjb dfqpsnmh tkrigeja 1 V & SPEIXINO BOOK. Italic Letters. 17 ^B CD E F G H IJ KLMJr O P QR ST UVW X Y Z % ah c d efg hijklmno pqrstuvwxyz% Vowels. a e i o u, And sometimes W and V, Double and triple Letter's. ff fi fl ffi ffl « (e Figures, 1234567890 18 THE CANADA Spelling Lessons of two Letters. 1 Lesson 1. 1 ba be bi bo bu by 1 ca da ce de ci di CO do Cll du 7 dy ll ga ge gi go s^ gy w Lesson 2. 1 ' ha he hi lio liu 1 ka la ke le • • i'i li jo ko lo ku 111 ky ly 1^ Lesson 3. 1 ma me mi mo mil my 1 ■ na ne iii no nil ny 1 , pa ra pe re n po ro pu rii py ry :: 1 sa se si so su sy ;, 1 Lesson 4. • ill ta te ti to tu ty va ve vi vo vu vy 1' wa we wi wo wu wy It ya za ye Zl zo yu zu zy sp£l:ing bcok. 19 Lesson 5. ab ac ad af eb ec ed ef ib ic id if ob oc od of lib lie ud uf ag al eg el « il og ol "g ul Lesson G. am an ap ar as at em 9 en ep er es et im in IP ir is it om on op or OS ot irm un up ur us ut Lesson 7. ax am on go me so ex of no he be no ix ye my at to lo ox by as up he go ux an or ho we do Lesson 8. m ay ho me he so ox it we im an my on up us la ye go to em if be no us om ha ax us lo um 20 THE CANADA Beading Lessons of two Letters. li Is he in. Is hv^ up. Is It so. Do we go. Am I to go in. I am to go in. I am to go up. Is it so or so. So am I to go. Is he to go in. If I am to go. Am I to go so. If we do go up. If ye do go so. So do we do so. No I am to 2:0. Lesson 1. So do we. As we go. Be it so. So it is. S go. I do go. I ffo on. He IS m. Go on as I do go. So is he to go in. Ah me it is so. So do we go on. If he is so to me. If he is so to us. Lesson 2. So do we go in. Am I to go up. So is he to go. I am to go so. If we do 0^0 so. He is to go so. Lesson 3. So do we go up. Go up to it so. Go on to it so. Go by it to us. Do ye to us so. As I am to go. Lesson 4. If he is up to me. Go on as we do fj-o. If he is to go. I am to do so. It is to be on. Is it to be so. SPELLING BOOK. 21 Spelling Lessons of three Letters, Lesson 9. bla bra cla ble bre cle bli bri cli bio bro clo blu bru clii era clra ere dre eri (Iri cro dro cru dm Lesson 10. fla fra gla gra pra fle fre gle gre pre fli fri gli gri pri flo fro glo gro pro flu fru glu gru pru Lesson 11. tra tre tri^ tro tru sma sme smi smo smu spa sta pla spe ste pie spi sti pli spo sto plo spu stu plu » Lesson 12. sla sle sli^ slo slu wra pha ska sha wre phe ske she wri phi ski shi wro pho sko sho wru phii sku shu bly bry cly cry dry fly fry giy gry try smy spy sty ply sly wry phy sky shy 1 22 THE CANADA Lesson 13. . n^H bad lad cap lap can fan fat rat 11 1 na^ sad rap man sat ffl 1 S^S mad tap ran mat i rag ■ had sap pan pat 3 Lesson 14. • 1 i Q-Ot job mad boy hay rot rob bad joy say >i sot sob sad coy pay I pot nob had toy may . ■■ J. not bob pad roy way • ■ j Lesson 15. k cow bay cry pin bog ( sow ! now mow ray day lay fly try sin win tin dog log fog 1 how nay buy fin hog 1 Lesson 16. ^^ hat met got gil box bat get lot mil nox 1 ^^^ yet not si| cox ■ 1 mat let jot wil fox ^ rat ' pet hot til box. ^Bi 1 ■ r SPELLING BOOK. 23 act add age aid aim apt arm ash aslc awe Lesson 17* bag bit bad bow bed box bid boy big bud can cap car cat cow cry cup cur cut day dew dig dip dog dot Lesson 18. due ear eat ebb eel elm end err eve eye far fat fee few fie fit foe fog gay job jot joy ken gem get gin gun ham key kid kin lap law Lesson 19. hat hut hay ice hen ill hid inn him ink Lesson 20. lay leg let lid lie log low man map ire jam jar jew J5g may met mix mob mow 11 li 24 THE VNADA Lesson 21. mud nip oat ore paw mug nod odd owe pay nap now oil owl pea net nut old own pen new oak one pat pie % Lesson 22. • pit red rod saw- sir 9 ply rat rib rid row rub say sea sit six raw rim rum set sky ray rip sad shy sob • Lesson 23. sow tea top vex wan spy tie toy vie war sty tin tub vow wax sum toe tun urn web tap too two Lesson use 24. who wliy yea ear ^- mug win yes cur fit owl wit yon dig got try won ale dog hog war wry ape €^gg law you SrELLtNG BOOK. 2^ Reading LessoTis of three Letters, A man, A hat. A boy. A top. A wit. A wig. A job. A cat. A war. A cow. Less'^n 5. A fan. A bat. A toy. A fop. A pit. A hog, A car. A hen. A bag. A cot. Lesson 6. A gig. A mob. A rat, A bar. A sow. A jot A mug. A pig. A leg. An eye. A dog. A bar. A pen. A nag. A clot. A lot. A jug. A rig. A peg. A pie. A new hat. A new pen. An old sot. A bad boy. Lesson 7. A mad dog. An old ox. A fat pig. A new pin. An old rat. A bad pen. A tin box. A new pot. Lesson 8. I can eat an egg. Bid him get my hat. Put it on the peg. Let me get a nap. Our dog got the pig. Let it now run out. Be not a bad boy. Do not tell a lie. c 26 TH£ CANADA Lesson 9. I can not see God, but God can see me : For tlie eye of God is on me all the day; And God can see me now, and all I do. Lesson 10. All who sin and do ill, go in a bad way. Let me not go in sin, and do ill: For if I do ill, I can not go to God. Lesson 11. No man can do as God can do. The way of man is not as the way of God. Let me not go out of thy way, O God ! Lesson 12. Do you ask if you are to die? Yes, you and I are to die, and so are all men. But a bad boy can not go to God. Lesson 13. O let me not sin in all I say or do. If I see a boy do ill, let me not do so too : For if I do so too, I am as bad as he. SPELLXNQ BOOK. Spelling ' Lessons of rouE Letters « Lesson 25. band cart dark fang gall hand dart bark gang hall land hart hark hang mall sand mart lark pang pall wand part mark Lesson rang 26. tall hard jest lint barm cash lard best mint farm ffash pard lest hint harm hash yard nest dint warm lash ward pest tint rash -*■ Lesson 27. cast fell bill Cldl balm fast sell fill dull calm last tell gill full palm past well kill gull lamb vast yell mill Lesson pull 28. bent dust fail fain leek dent gust jail gain meek lent just nail main seek rent must sail 3ain f week sent rust rail am reek c2 27 28 THE CANADA • % Lesson 29. bail bait fail fain Ikir ^ain hail hair laid maid main nail paid pail pain Lesson pair rail rain said sail 30. tail vail vain wail wait bawl caul bead beak beam bean bear beat dead deaf deal dean dear earn ease east fear feat flea bead heal heap hear heat lead > - Lesson 31. leaf meat read seam tear lean leap meal mean near neat peal pear ream reap rear seal Lesson sear seat teal team 32. teat veal weal weak wean year zeal beef been beer beet deed deem deep deer feed feel fees feet flee free heed heel thee tree weed weep bier boat SPELLING BOOK« 29 coal coat goat load loaf moan road roar roam toad Lesson 33. boil coil coin foil join loin soil toil void book boot cool doom door food fool foot good hood hoof hook hoop look loop mood Lesson 34. moon noon pool roof room root soon tool wood wool foul four gout hour pout Lesson 35. rout soul sour your suit dawn draw fawn flaw pawn thaw yawn blew brew crew drew flew grew knew lewd slew bowl blow brow down Lesson 36. fowl flow gown grow mown prow bray clay dray fray gray play pray tray grey prey they whey when west zest both doth moth nose 30 THS CA5ADA Beading Lessons not exceeding rouR Letters. Lesson 14. The sun is up, it is time to rise. Get out of bed. Now pray to God. Tlien wash your face, and comb jour hair. Pe a good boy, and do as you are bid. The Lord will keep them safe that pray to him, He is nigh to all that call on his name. Lesson 15, The Lord can tell what is best for you. He wdll do you good if you love his ways. If a man love God he will keep his laws. Take care what you say lest you tell a lie. He that lies will do many bad acts. Look at them who do well and do so too* Be sure to mind them that do well. But keep from all who do ill. Lesson 16. Let us love the Lord our God with our souls. For he is kind to us and does us good. Take care that you mean what you say to God. And do not mock him wlien you sing or pray. Know that if you mock God he must see it. If the Lord keep us we need fear no harm. SPELLING BaOX. 31 We are sure to be safe if God take care of us. Know that the Lord who made the eye can see. And he wlio made the ear can hear. The eye of God is on all them that do ilL Lesson 17. Be sure to help the poor and such as are in neecL Let them not want aid when you can help. Mind what you read that you may grow wise. What we know now will be of use to us when old. He will not be wise who does not mind his book. We must make the best use of our time. When this day is past it will come no more. Let not an hour slip, you have no time to lose. Lesson 18. If boys that sit near you talk to you mind them not. I^et them by that see that you love your book. If you love your book do not look off from it. Read with care and mind w^hat is said. When any one says he does not care. What hope can we have that he will mend. You must not tell lies in play, for it is sin. Be sure all you say is true. The eye of God is upon you. 32 THE CANADA gland stand brand grand grain taught vault vaunt bleach breach heard hearse heave knead league sneak speak spear spread steam Exercises in long Monosyllable k. Lesson 37. plain praise saint saith stairs strain strait straight twain caught Lesson 38. bread breadth breath breathe cheap cheat clean clear cream crease learn leave mead meant peace stream swear sweat teach thread Lesson 3^. peach plead preach realm scream JLesson 40> wealth weave wheat bleed breeze clause fault laugh naught pause dread dream fleam grease greave search sheaf shear sheath smear cheek cheer cheese fleece freeze geese green knee kneel queer SPELLING BOOK. Lesson 41. 33 slieep sneeze speech spleen street sweet teeth three wheel deign eight freight height seize friend grieve pierce shield thieve board broach broad coach hoarse throat Lesson 42. choir moist noise point poise blood bloom brood brook goose Lesson 43. groom dough bound bought brought course doubt drought fought ground group hound house mount mown mouse nought ought ounce pound Lesson 44. proud rough round should shout sound south thou2;h through tough trough touch vouch would w^ound young youth yield year yeast 34 THE CANADA Beadeiig Lessons of a rural nature. SPRING. t Lesson 19. The snow will soon be all gone. The frost is yet in the ground. The sap runs from the trees. Boys ought to work while it runs. Fix that trough or pail right. Do not lose any of the sap. How pure and sweet it is. See where the men boil it. Take care not to set your clothes on fire. That might cause your death. Lesson 20. The spring birds are come ! hark, how they sing. The wild leeks are quite green, And the ox and cow feed on them. The lambs play in the field. The trees and shrubs have now large buds, Which will soon spread out into leaves. SPELLING BOOK. ti5 The woods look green and gay. How great and good must God I)e, Who makes the eartJi and all things glad. ■^ Lesson 21. ftS We hear God's voice in the clouds. O ! What a clear flash of light. Boys and girls ought to be good. - The rain comes down in large drops. It now clears up aiul is fine. Look at God's bow in tlie clouds. Its ends seem to touch the earth. The men are out at the plough. riiey sing whilst they turn up the mould. The seed is cast with care on the ground. We hope it will grow, and yield a good crop. '^i'^ 1 1^ , 4' 4 *ilf : 'k ,11 ?■ . \ Lesson 22. You ought to dig and rake that bed. Still let your vines face the sun. Take care of them when they come up. There rnisfht be some frost at niorht. Take the hoe in your hand and work. Let no weeds grov/ on the walks. Pull all you see out of the bods. Mind that your fence is good and strong. Do not work too loncf at once. You have your task yet to learn, And you might be late at school. 1* _ j M<'J 36 THE CANADA SUMMER. Lesson 23. How fine and clear the morn is. The birds sing in the trees. There is one which is quite red. The cold dews have left the earth. Now the bright sun darts his beams. The flocks and herds seek the cool shade. The birds hide from the great heat The fruit trees are now in bloom. The meads are thick wath grass. See how the scythe cuts it d^wn. The hay smells ^ery sweet. We ought to help to make it, if we have time. Lesson 24. See the corn how tall and green it is. The wheat and oats wave in the wind. The sun is hot, but there is a fine breeze. The fruit will soon be ripe. You must not eat green fruit. SPELLING BOOK. 37 The barge skims down the stream. Sweet sounds float on the air. The oars beat time to the sounds. Let us take a walk near the shore, And view the boats on the great lake. We will now rest in the shade of the oak. Then we will go home through the grove. AUTUMN. Lesson 25. The fruit is now soft and ripe. You may take some and eat, But do not eat too much. In that field there is wheat cut down. Bread is made from wheat. You should not waste your bread. For some poor boy may be in want. God makes the wheat and corn grow, And gives us all tliat we need. We ought to pray in our hearts to God, And thank him for cur life and all things. i Hi m m ;i. 38 THE CANADA Lesson 26. The cart groans with the load. The barns are full of wheat. And hay stacks swell the store. See the logs in heaps on the new ground. Now they are all set on fire. The fire might catch your clothes. How soon the trees are all gone. The stumps are yet in the ground, But they will come out in a few years. Men do not plough new ground. They drag in the wheat with a team. Now they fence it with oak rails. WINTER. Lesson 27. There are now no leaves on the trees, And the birds no more cheer us. Tlie cold hand of the north has bound the earth. The streams and small lakes feel his cliain. SPELLING BOOR. 39 See the boys slide, and the men skate. Charles may learn next year. There has been a great fall of snow. Will you take a ride in the sleigh? Come Charles, call Jane and Ann. Where are your hats and coats and cloaks. We shall be home at noon. Lesson 28. It is a cold night — it snows. Ring the bell. John make a good fire. Draw down the blinds — shut to the doors. Come in and take your seats. Now what are we all to do ? Why sing a psalm or a hymn. Or play your tunes, draw out your maps, Or dress your dolls, or what you will till tea. Then James I shall have a new book for you, And we will get you to read it to us. The air is quite keen — there will be two or three cold nights, And then it will be mild. God is wise and good: And small things, as well as great, shew His skill. I A! M 40 THE CANADA Words of ONB SYLLABLE, expresstve of things familiar to Children, Lesson 45. « arms bone blood back brain cheek chin ears eyes face feet hair heart joints lungs mouth nails nose ribs toes tongue throat thumb vein Lesson 46. boot cap coat clasp cloth cloak frock gown gloves hat hose hood lace law^n muff plush ring scarr socks shoes shirt silk sleeve stuff Lesson 47. • bread crust cheese beef crum veal lamb pork fowls eggs beans pease cream tea pies tarts cakes trout Lesson 48. stone brick lime roof beam stairs joists floor door latch key bar bolt hinge ghiss chair btaeh chest trunk box stove pipe spit pot 3an )ed couch sheets quilts knife fork plate dish spoon cup mug " «. . li M i Ml M SPELLING BOOK. 41 iliar Lesson 49. sun moon stars air wind asli bay beech birch ehn east west north south rock oak fir pine vine vew cape earth land isle hill bank clay sand chalk dirt Lesson 50. shrubs hemp herbs hops flax reed fern rose grass rue Lesson 51. York hour June then year noon spring now month night age path week march late road day may when way Lesson 52, brook pool pond mist clew sage thorn haws figs nuts town street where here there rani snow hail frost ice pears plums grapes leaf root whence hence thence school church 1' '>Hi I'm first ounce thrice one drachm third once brace mile pound pair perch twice three pole rod fifth four six foot sixth fourth ell five yard eight eighth nine ninth inch D 4»; I 42 THE CATIADA Lessons exemplifying the E final. Lesson 53- bar bare bas base bid bide bit bite can caue cap cape con cone cop cope dar dare dat date din dine dot dote fen fane fet fate fin fivie fir fire bar bare bat bate her bere liid bide Lesson 54. hopbope ra^l'^^ kit kite mat mate lad lade mop mope mad made nod node xnan mane nor nore not note pan pane par pare pin pine rat rate rid ride rip ripe rob robe rod rode rot rote Lesson 55. sam same sir sire sit site sol sole tal tale tarn tame tap tape tar tare tid tide tim time ton tone top tope tub tube tun tune van vane val vale vil vile vin vine vot vote ^vin wine SPELUNG BOOK. 43 Poetical Reading Lesson of one syllable. Lesson 29. What's right and good, Give thanks to thee Now shew me Lord ; Who still dost raise And lead me by Up men to teach Thy grace and word. Us thy just ways. Thus shall I be A child of God, And love and fear Thy hand and rod. While thus mv mind Is bent and mc'd, I may be svre By thee I', lov'd. 1" .■■3.«1 Then shall I learn To bless and prize All those that strive To make me wise. And when I die Shall go in peace To sing thy praise, Which shall not cease. O ! make n> o one Of that bless'd train. And tune my voice To that sweet strain. l.v d2 44 THE CANADA PART 11. Spelling Lessons of two syllables accented on the FIRST. Note. — Figures and Italics, for the purpose of directing the pronunciationy are avoided — experience having shewn that tJiey only tend to entbarrass the learner. The syllables are divided more with a regard to proper pronun- ciation, than to arbitrary rules, which ai'e above the comprehension of children. Ab-sence ab-bey ac-tor ac-tress ad-der am-ble am-ber am-busli an-chor an-vil an-them an-gel ar-bour art-ful art-ist art-less ar-my ar-row ar-dert au-thor aw-ful ax-is Bab-ble bab-bler ba-by back-bite back-ward bank-er ban-ner ban-ish bant-ling bar-ber bar-rel bar-ter ba-ker bal-Iad bet-ter blun-der bor-der bo-som bri-er bright-ness brim-mer brim-stone bring-er hri-ny bris-tle brit-tle bro-ken bro-ker bru-tal bru-tish bub-ble buck-et buc-kle buck-ler buf-fet bu-gle bul-ky bul-let bul-wark bun-die bun-gle bun-gler bur-den burn-er burn-ing bur-nish bush-el bus-tie butch-er but-ler but-ter but-tress Cab-bage cab-in ca-ble cac-kle ca-dence call-ing cal-lous cam-bric cam-let can-eel can-cer can-did . can-die can-ker - SPELLING BOOK. I can-non charm-ing cll-mate con-trite can-ton charm-er clos-et con-vent can-vas char-coal clou-dy con-vert ca-per char-ter clo-ver cor-ner ca-pon chas-ten clo-ven cost-ly cap-tain chat-tels clown-ish cot-ton cap-tive chat-ter clus-ter coun-cil cap-ture cheap-en cob-web coun-sel card-er cheap-ness cof-fee coun-ty care-ful cheat-er cold-ness cow-ard care-less cheer-ful col-lar crea-ture car-rot cher-ish col-lect cred-it car-ry cher-ry col-lege crook-ed car-ver ches-nut co-Ion cru-el cas-tle chief-ly com-bat cun-ninor caus-tic child-hood come-ly cu-rate cause-way chil-dren com-et cur-rant cav-il chim-ney com-fort cur-rent ce-dar chis-el com-ma cur-tain ceil-ing chop-ping com-ment cus-tard cel-lar churl-ish com-meyee cus-tom cen-sure churn-ing com-mon cut-ler cen-tre ci-der corn-pass cyn-ic cer-tain ci-pher com-rade cy-press chal-lenge cir-cle con-cave dan-ger cham-ber clas-sic con-cert dai-ly chang'-ing clat-ter con-cord dai-ry chan-nel clean-ly con-duct dam-age chap-el clear-ness con-quest dam-ask chap-lain cler-gy con-sul dam-sel chap-let clev-er con-test dark-ness chap-ter cli-ent con-tract dar-ling 45 f 46 daz-zle dear-Iy dear-ness dead-ly death-less debt-or de-cent de-ist del-uge dic-tate di-et dif-fer dim-ness din-ner dis-cord dis-mal dis-tance do-er dol-lar do-nor dor-mant doubt-ful dow-er dow-ny dra-per draw-er draw-ing dread-ful dream-er dri-ver drop-sy drum-mer THE CAKADA drunk-ard du-el du-ty dwell-ing dy-er Ea-gle east-er eat-er ear-ly earth-en ef-fort ei-ther el-bow el-der em-blem em-met em-pire emp-ty end-less en-ter en-try en-vy e-qual er-ror es-say es-sence e-ven ev-er e-vil ex-it eye-sight Fable fa-brie fa-cing fac-tor faith-ful fal-low false-hood fam-ine fam-ish fa-mous fan-cy farm-er far-row far-ther fas-ten fa-tal fath-er fa-vour fawn-ing fear-ful feath-er fee-ble feel-ing feign-ed fel-low fel-on fe-male fer-tile fer-vent fes-ter fet-ter fe-ver |fig-ure fi-nal finger fin-ish firm-ness fix-ed flan-nel fla-vour flow-er fol-low fol-ly fool-ish foot-step fore-most fore-head for-est for-mal fort-night for-tune found-er foun-tain fowl-er fra-grant friend-ly frig-ate fros-ty fro- ward fruit-ful fur-nace fur-nish fur-row fur-ther fu-ry «rELLlNG BOOK fus-ty fer-tile Gal-Ion gal-lop gam-ble game-ster gan-der gar-de^i gar-ment gar-ner gar-ret gath-er gen-der gen-tile gen-tle gen-try ges-ture ghast-ly gi-ant gib-bet gild-er gim-let gin-ger gir-dle girl-ish giv-er glad-den glad-ness glim-mer glo-ry glut-ton gnash-ing gold-en gos-ling gos-pel gou-ty grace-ful gram-mar gran-deur gras-sy gra-zing grea-sy great-ly gree-dy greet-ing griev-ance groan-ing gro-eer grot-to ground-less guilt-less gun-ner gus-set Hab-it hail-stone hai-ry hal-ter ham-let ham-per hand-ful hand-maid hand-some han-dy hang-er hang-ings hap-pen hap-py har-bour ♦ har-den harm-less har-ness har-vest hat-ter hate-ful ha-tred haugh-ty haunt-ed haz-ard heal-ing hear-ing heark-en heart-cn hea-then heav-en he-brew hel-met help-er herb-age herds-man her-mit hew-er high-ness hil-loek hin-der hire-ling |hog-gish 47 hogs-head hol-land m hol-low M ho-ly hom-a^e ^1 home-ly hon-est hon-our m hope-ful hor-rid hor-ror 1? host-age host-ess hos-tiJe hot-house ■ ■ w hour-ly 'rf house-hold hu-man [ ' mU • hum-ble 1 ■■■ hun-ger hunt-er hurt-ful hus-ky ] hys-sop I-ey i-dler i-dol im-age in-eense in-come in-dex in-fant " 48 THE CANADA ink-staiicl ill-let ill-mate in-most ill-quest ill-road iii-soct iii-sult in-sight ill-stance 4n-stant in-step in-to ill-voice i-ron is-sue i-teni Jail-or jan-gle jar-gon jas-per jeal-ous jest-er jew-el jin-gle join-er join-ture jour-nal Jour-ney joy-ful judg-ment jui-cy ju-ry jus-tice Keep-er ker-nel ket-tle key-hole kid-ney kin-die kind-ness king-dom kitch-en kna-vish kneel-ing know-ing Lad-der a-ding a-dy and-lord and-mark an-guage an-guid augh-ter aw-yer ead-en ea-ky earn-ing eath-er ength-en ewd-iiess i-bel i-cense life-less lio'ht-ning lim-ber lim-it li-quid li-qiior liz-ard lob-by loi-ter loose-ness love-ly loy-al lug-gage lum-ber lus-tre Ma-jor mam-mon man-date man-drake man-ger man-gle man-ner ma-ny ma-ple mar-gin mar-tyr mas-ter mea-ly mean ing meas-ure med'dle meek-ness mom-ber mend-ing mer-cliant mer-cy mes-sage mid-night mil-ler mim-ic min-gle mir-ror mis-chief mix-ture mod-el mod-ern mod-est mois-tiire mo-ment mon-key mon-ster month-ly mor-al mor-tal moth-er mo-tive move-ment moun-tain mourn-ful mouth-ful mud-dy mur-der mur-mur mush-room SPELLING BOOK. mu-sic miis-kct nms-tavd mut-tou muz-zle iiiyr-tle ]Sa-ked name-less nar-row na-tive naug'li-ty iieat-ness need-ful nee-dle neigli-boiir nei-tUev ner-voiis uio-gard nim-ble nip-pers uo-ble Oak-en ob-ject lof-ter lof-fice off-spring- |()ld-er lOl-ive ,0-iTien on-set ,0-pen |op-tic lor-der lor-eliard non-age non-sense non-suit nos-tril noth-ing no-tice nov-el num-ber nurs-er nut-meg lOr-gan io-ral ,ot-ter ,0-ver out- cast lout-most jout-ward lox-en Pack-age ipack-et pad-die ipa-gan Ipain-ful paint-ing pale-ness pan-ic pan-try pa-per Ipar-boii Ipar-ccl iparch-ing par-don pa-rent |par-ley par-lour part-ner |>ar-ty 'pas-sage pass-port pas-ture pay-ment iped-lar pee-visli ipen-iuan ipeople per-jure per-son ipert-ness Ipet-ty iphi-al^ pbys-ic pic-kle pic-ture Ipie-ces pincli-ing pi-rate Ipitcb-er pla-ces plain-tiff Iplan-et Iplant-er 49 play-er pleas-ant plu-niagc iplnmp-ness |plun-der iplu-ral |ply-ing ipock-et |po-et ipoi-son pol-isU pomp-ous pop-py post-age pos-ture po-tent pot-ter ipoul-try pound-age ipow-er Ipow-der iprac-tice prais-er prat-tler ipray-er ipreacli-er ipre-cept pref-ace prel-ate Iprel-ude ipres-age Ipres-ence *x^ :: ^n so priest-liood pri-mate prin-cess pri-vate prob-lem pro-diice pro-duct prof-fer prof-it prog-ress pro-logue prvim-ise propli-et pros-per pros-trate proud-ly prowl-er pry-ing pru-deiice psal-mist pub-lie pub-lish pud-ding pul-let pul-pit pun-ish pure-ness pur-pose pu-trid puz-zle Qua-ker quar-rel THE CANADA qua-ver rib-and sad-die queer-ly rich-ness safe-ly (luick-eii A ri-der saf-fron qui-et ri-fle sail-or quin-sy right-ful sal-ad quo-rum A ri-ot salni-on quo-ta ri-val salt-ish Rad-ish riv^-er sam-ple raf-ter riv-et san-(al rai-ment roar-ing san-dy rain-bow rob-ber san-guine ral-ly roU-er sap-ling ram-ble roo-my sap-py ran-dom ro-sy sat-in ran-kle rot- ten sa-tire ran-soiu round-isli sav-age rap-id roy-al sau-cer rap-ture rub-ber sau-sage rash-ness rub-bish saw-yer rath-er rud-der say-ing rat-tie rude-ness scab-bard raw-ness ruf-fle scaf-fold ra-zor rug-ged scan-dal read-er ru-in scar-let re-al ru-ler scat-ter reap-er run-ning schol-ar rea-son rus-tic sci-ence reb-ei rus-ty scof-fer re-cent Sab-bath scorn -ful reck-on sa-bre scrib-ble rec-tor sack-cloth scrip-ture A rest-less sad-den scru-ple fPBLUWG BOOK. .01 sculp-ture seam-less sea-son se-cret sce-ing seem-ly sell-er sen-ate sense-less sen-tence se-quel ser-mon ser-pent ser-vice sliad-ow slial-low sliame-ful sliape-less sliarp-en sliat-ter sliear-ing shel-ter sliep-l^^^^ sliil-ling ship-wreck shock-ing sliov-el show-er shiit-ter sick-ness sig-nal si-lence sin-ew Isin-ful |sing-ing isin-gle jsin-ner [si-ren isis-ter sit-ting Iskil-ful [slan-der isla-visli |sleep-er slip-per ,slop-py jslotli-ful isUu>:-gard slum-ber jsmell-ing Ismug-gle smut-ty sneak-ing sol-ace lsol-emn |sol-id jsor-did |sor-row Isor-ry sot-tish Isound-ness spar-kle Ispar-row Ispat-ter Ispeak-er l^tri-king ILech-less stub-born spee-dy [spin-die ispin-ner spir-it spit-tie spite-ful Uplint-er Ispo-ken Isport-ing spot-less jsprin-kle |spun-gy squan-der [stu-dent snb-ject Isuc-cour Isuf-fer jsul-len [svim-mer isum-mons jsim-day Isup-per sure-ty Isur.feit |sur-name Isiir-plice r^ , i» swar-thy |swear-ing isweep-ing jsweet-en kwell-ing sys-tem Ta-ble Ital-ent Ital-low sto.' ^^-per V,. ^sm^itar-dy \\^ JUxr tar-tar ^ V feck-en Itat-tle Ista-ble ptam-mer sta-ple Istat-ure [stead-fast [stee-ple isteer-age Isti-fle |still-A'>f||lt«c«|,(f(c(ffta5»" THE BEES, &c. Lesson 5, 1. I was glad to see you, my dear girl, so mueli pleas-ed last night with the good farm-er and his daugh-ter who gave you such nice fruit and new milk. How sweet it seem-ed af-ter your walk, to sit down and en-joy such a sum- mer re-past. 2o While the weath-er is fine, we will of- ten, af-ter you have read your book, and done well at your nee-dle, go and see Miss May, who keeps herfath-er's louse, and tends the poul-try. 3. You know sht^ told you she would give you a pair of pret-ty chick-ens, and I will ouy two or three more, then you shall feed and take care of them at home. 4. She also told you she would shew you the bees the next time you went, and you should, at the prop-er sea-son, see them take a hive. — What a pit-y it is, that for the sake of their hon-ey, ma-ny of the poor bees are kill-ed, af-ter they have work-ed so hard, and toil-ed so long, to cull the sweets from flow-ers and herbs. E ,*! i^ 'if? •&i t V, ! .1" l\ 5?) THE CANADA 5. Poor things, it is hard that any of them should suf-fer for giv-ing such rich and use-ful food for man. Some years a-go, al-most all the bees in a hive were kill-ed, when it was to be ta-keTi for the sake of the hon-ey. 6. But of late years, a meth-od has been found of ta-king the hon-ey from the hives, with- out caus-ing the death of so ma-ny use-ful in-sects which may live to gath-er more sweets, and take to some oth-er hive. 7. You must be care-ful when you go near where bee -hives are, for, if you play a-bout and trou-ble the bees, as they go in and out, tliey will sting you, and their sting is near-ly as bad as that of a wasp; and I sup-pose you will not soon for-get the wasp which stung you the oth-er day. THE FARM YARD. . Lesson 6. 1. When we were walk-ing late-ly, you seem-ed ve-ry much to ad-mire the nice pea- ce tl n y p a ^ t \ i i SPEM^NG BOOK. 59 ,ock wluch .as spread-ing Us gau-dy tail to „ot be f-^^l^llZ'yt luld Wder so you to hear it s'^^^^™' L go harsh a noise, ^ret-ty a ^rd ecu W m^^^^^^^^ the chick-ens, 8. The duc^«' t%f eat than that fine bird are all much bet-ter to ea ^^ _^^ . ^^^,. which walks about the ya 1^ ^^^^^ times the P^-^^^f ^J^S and sweet as a but they are not so w chick-en. f„,„.vaTd noul-try, though 4. The com-mon ffT \*, Jf^" far more use- „ot so hand-some to look a, a^U ^^^ ful, as we are of-ten p eas ea ^^^^.^^ eggs at break-fast. Lit t e d y p din-ners, of-!en be -''^f.^^'jtSXn-tY ^i eggs, if the hens did not l"^-"^®';,^ ^.^ ^ yard full ot 5. It - ve-ry pleas^t^«j^«- ^^^^ fiae poul-try, t^^eje^s ^^ . ..feout for al-ways seen so p^J^ ^-^.^ ti^ey are ve-ry lit-tle grubs and in-sects, wnic j fond of. ^ , ^ ^. lian-PV nn-less they 6. The ducks are ^f £^ W ^^1^ a-bout, ^-^^ P^^' r^SeTf<^?hlS-ts they like and dive m the ^a-ter lo ^^^^^^ .^^ best. It is v-^y£l^S and hear what a "^ cklnHh^y'-S, ifThey hap-pen to find T:tgi:':i^ ntCrS-tr-out on the ' ^ir rSLTt^e ;rr,Vt they come com-mon, it mere id ^ ^ ?[' liS I'Jef 60 THE CANADA home with their gos-linffs at night to the yarcJ, where they know they shall get a good sup-per, and be saie du-ring the night. 8. Thus you find that all birds and beasts soon know where they are well tak-en care of and fed; and though ma-ny are kill-ed to sup- ply the wants of man, yet such as es-cape are, or ought to be, well fed and kept warm. OF FISHES, &c. Lesson 7. 1. When we were talk-ing the oth-er day, a-bout the pret-ty lambs and birds, you ask-ed me where the fish-es liv-ed, and want-edto know how they walk-ed, as you could not see a-ny legs they had got. 2. But though they do not walk, they can move a-bout ve-ry quick-ly, which is call-ed swim-ming, and the lit-tle fins you ob-servc* as-sist them in get-ting for-ward through the wa-ter. — iifes SPBLl-n^G BOOK. 61 oth-ers in lakes, l>«t {^^gj, „ may read of, fish is in the sea; aU ^^^^ ,^, Jge words when you are a-ble to teu you will xneet wxtl. .^^ ^^, 4. Then you wdlread^^ ^^ J ^^„ won-der a-bout ^f great wn ,^^ ^^^^ ^^^ so far. i- V ^jj |.}ie sea 5. There are a g'^^^* rchlm-ploys a large ^t to eat, the ta-k^S^J^o out in boats, and num-ber of PfPi^^.^^^tfeir boats on the ^va- ve-ry of^^^J^^^^-f vfrpetX who live by fish- ter all night. The peo p ^^^ ^^^^.^^^g, ing most-ly have then hou ses ^^ ^^^ ^j^^^ T ^L .m be greasy f£-ed*»,S ^„ read A'.^;''"™' in yo« A-'ert boot- a-boot if he can-Mt say taej „,.K,„d to ^T ''"tm »» W-bHo read in book. €2 THE CAVAXfA THE SQUIRREL. Lesson 8. 1. You must take great care of the pret-ty ]it-tlc squir-rel which you have got as a pre- sent, and be sure to feed it ev-e-ry day. It loves nuts, and will crack them as well as you can, and, with its lit-tle paws pick them out ve-ry neat-ly. 2. You know squir-rels love to be in the woods, where some of them skip from tree to tree as live-ly as birds. In this coun-try there are ma-ny sorts, such as the fly-ing squir-rel, the ground squir-rel, also the red, grey, and black. 3. In Eng-land there are on-ly the red and grey, both of which are ve-ry pret-ty, and have fine bush-y tails which turn o-ver their backs, and, when they sit upon their hind legs, ap-pear o-ver their heads. 4. If you no-tice the lit-tle ovea-ture when it eats, you will see how pret-ty it looks ; but SPELLING BOOK. C3 you must take care, for it will bite : its teeth are ve-ry sharp, or it could not, with so much ease, crack the nuts. 5. Some peo-ple put their squir-rels in a cage that keeps turn-ing round, so the poor thing is al-ways climb-ing but nev-er gets a-ny high-er; it is hard to tor-ment it in such a way, and I do not think there can be a-ny pleas-ure in looking at an ob-ject which is al-ways mo-ving in vain. Yet, some de-gree of mo-tion would tend to keep the squir-rel in health. THE LAMBS, &c. Lesson 9. .1 ''ijii* m I. You ask-ed me to tell you a-bout the pret-ty lambs you saw frisk-ing in the fields, when you were out with your nurse for a walk. T'hey look-ed so gen-tle and harm-less you want-ed me to get you one to play with at Iiome. '•'i fa 64 THE CANADA 2. But that would not be do-ing a kind-ness to the poor crea-ture, for it would soon grow too big to have in the house, and then it would have to be killed. Lit-tle lambs when they grow up will be great sheep, and sheep the nutch-ers kill for us to eat, and the flesh is call-ed mut-ton. 3. It may seem cru-el to you that such pret- ty crea-tures as tlie sheep and lambs are, should be kill-ed for man's use, yet the great and good God gave them for our food. Were they all to live, there would not be grass e-nough to feed them, so wlien they are fat they are slain: their flesh is eat- en, their skin dress-ed and made into parch-ment for the law-yers to write on, and for ma-ny oth-er u-ses. 4. Of the lamb's skin, which is thin-ner and soft-er, la-dies gloves are made; and it is of- ten u-sed in-stead of kid skins for the up -per part of la-dies and chil-dren's shoes. The wool of botli is card-ed, spun, and wo-ven in-to ma-ny sorts of use-ful clo-thing ; some wove in-to broad-cloth, stuffs, blank- ets, flan-nels and a great ma-ny things, to clothe and keep warm the hu-man race, who must al-low the poor sheep to be one of the most use-ful of crea-tures. 5. A great num-ber of socks are al-so made of wool, as are car-pets, and a great deal of wool is spun ve-ry fine for la-dies work. Your sis- ter, you know, late-ly work-ed the pret-ty rug we have for the tea-urn, and the great rug on St( fr( ou SPELLING BOOK. ^ on the draw-ing room hearth ; all the fine wor- sted she u-sed while work-ing them, was made from tlie wool of the sheep dy-ed to the col- ours wanted. ©® © ' THE SHEEP. Lesson 10. 1. Laz-y sheep, pray tell me why In the pleas-ant fields you lie, Eat-ing grass, and dai-sies white. From the morn-ing till the night? Ev'ry thing can some- thing do. But tell me of what use are you ? 2. Nay, my lit-tle mas-ter, nay, Do not serve me so, I pray; Don't you see the wool that grows On my back, to make you clothes ? Cold, and ve-ry cold you'd get, If I did not give you it. 3. True, it seems a pleas-ant thing, To nip the dai-sies in the spring; But ma-ny chil-ly nights I pass On the cold, and dewy grass, Or pick a scan-ty din-ner where All the com-mon's brown and bare. 66 THB CAKADA 4. Then the farm-er comes at last \Vlien the mer-ry spring is past, And cuts my wool-ly coat a- way To warm you in the winter's day ; Lit- tie mas-ter, this is why In the pleas-ant fields I lie. Words of TWO SYLLABLES having the accent on the SECOND. Ab-hor ab-jure a-bove ab-solve ab-surd ac-cept ac-count ac-cuse ac-quit ac-quire ad-dress ad-here ad-journ ad-jure ad-just ad-mit a-dorn ad-vance ad-viee ad-vi?e af-fair af-flict a-fraid a-gain lap-ply ap-point ap-proach ag-gress ap-prove aii:-2:rieve a-rise a-go ar-raign a-las ar-rest a-lert as-cend a- live a- shore al-lege as-sault al-lot as-sent al-lure as-sert al-ly as-sume a- loft a- stray a-lone a-tone a-long at-tend a-maze at-tire a-mend at-traet a-mong a- vail ap-peal a-vast ap-pease la-venge a-verse a-vert a-void a-vow aus-tere a-wake Bap-tize be-cause be-come be-fore be -hold be-lieve be-neath be-nign be-quest be-seem be-set be sides be-siege be-spoke Ibe-speak Sl»ELLtNG fiOOK* 67 be-stow be-tide be-times be -tray be-wail be-ware be-witcb be-yond blas-plieme block-ade bom- bard bu-reau Cal-cine ca-nal ca-price caress ca-rouse cas-cade ee-ment co-here col -lee t cam-paign com-bine com mand com-mend com-mit corn-mode com-mime com-mute corn-pact corn-pare com-pel corn-pile cem-plain CO n-piete com-ply com-port com-pose com-pound com-press com-pute con-ceal con- cede con-ceit con-ceive con-cern coii-cise con-elude con-coct con-cur con-demn con-dense con-dign con-dole con-duce con-fer con-fess con.fine con-form con -fuse con-fute con-geal con-joint con-jure con-nect con-nive con-sign con-sist con-spire con-strain con-straint con-struct con-suit con-sume con-tain con-tempt con-tend con-tract con-vene con-vert con-vey con-vince con-vulse cor.rect cor-rupt De-base debate de-bauch de-cay de-ceive de-claim de-cline de-coy de-cree de-cry de-duct de-fame de-fect de-fence defend de-fer de-fine de-form de-grade de-gree de-ject de-lay de-light de-lude de-mand de-mur de-mure de-note de-nounce de-part de-pend de-plore de-port de-pose de -prave de-prive de-pute de-ride de-sert de-serve de-sign de-sire de-sist m i€: '« \m I 1 ji 1 h 68 THE CANADA des-pair des-pite de-tacli de-tain de-tecc de - ter de-vise de-volve de-vote de-vour de-vout dif-fuse di-gest di-gress di-late di-reet dis-arm dis-burse dis-cern dis-eharge dis-claim dis- close dis-course dis-creet dis-cuss dis-dain dis-ease dis - grace dis-guise dis-gust dis-join dis-like dls-mast dis -may dis-miss dis-mount dis-own dis-pand dis-pel lis-pense dis -perse dis-play dis-please jdis-pose dis-praise dis-sect dis-solve dis -til dis-tinct lis tort dis- tract dis-tress dis-turb dis-iise di-verge di-vert di-vest di-vide di-vine di-vorce di-vulge dra-goon Ef-face lef-fect e-ject e-lapse e-late e-lect e-lude em-balm em-bark em-brace em-ploy en-chant en-close en-dear en-dite en-dorse en - due en-dure en-force en-gross en-hance en-join en-joy en - large en-rich en-sue en- treat e-quip e-rase e-rect es-cort e-vade e-vent e-voke ex-act ex-ceed ex-cept ex-change ex-cise ex-clude ex - empt ex-hale ex-hort ex-ist ex-pect ex-pense ex-pire ex-plode ex-port ex-press ex-tend ex-tinct ex-tort ex-treme ex-ude ex-ult Fer-ment for-bear for-bid fore-bode fore-go fore-know fore-shew fore-see fore-warn for-sake SFBLL1NG BOOK. t forth-with in-ject mis-give out-walk ful-fil in-quire mis-judge out*weigh Ga-zette in-sane mis-lay out-wit gen-teel in-sert mis-lead Par-take gro-tesque in-snare mis-name pa-trol Im-bibe in-spect mis-place per-form im-bue in-spire mis-print per-fume im-mense in-stall mis-rule per-haps im-merse in-still mis-take per-mit im-pair in-struct mis-trust per-plex im-peach in-tend mo-lest per-sist im-pel in-ter mo-rose per-spire im-plant in-trigue Ne-glect per-suade im-plore in-trude Obey per-tain im-ply in-vade ob-ject per-vade im-port in-veigh o-blige per-ver&e im-pose in-vent ob-lique per-vert im- print in- vest ob-scure pe-ruse iin-pure in - vite ob-serve pos-sess im-pute in-volve ob-struct post-pone in-cite in-ure ob-tain pre-cede in-clude Ja-pan oc-cur pre-clude in-crease jo-cose op-pose pre-dict in-cur La-ment or-dain pre-fer in-deed lam-poon out-bid pre-fix in-duce Ma- chine out-do pre -judge in-fect main-tain out-grow pre-mise in fer ma-lign out-leap pre-pare in-firm ma-tmre out-right pre-sage in-fla,me mis-chance out-run pre-scribe in-flict mis-count out-shine pre-sent in-form mis-deed out -strip pre-serve 69 ^v what is not true, ei-ther to hide a fault, or to make a jest of a-ny one. Ly-ing is a vice you should be care-ful to a-void, be- cause, if you are once known to b^ a li-ar, no per-son will be-lieve a word you say. 2. A lit-tle boy, whose name was John, was €0 much in the prax;-tice of tell-ing lies that he of-ten came to much harm from this e-vil hab-it A stout boy, of whom he had been tell-ing some false-hoods, one day way- laid him on his re-turn from school, and gave him a se-vere beat-ing. 3. He made his eom- plaint to the mas-ter when he came to school again, but John had 60 of-ten said wliat was not true, tliat the mas- ter did not be-lieve him. From this time he be-gan to «ee the ill ef-fects of tell-ing lies, and was ve-ry care-ful in fu-ture to say noth-ing but what was truth. 4. Once, when I was in the back- woods, I saw men log-ging on new ground with a yoke of ox-en, and there was a ve-ry large log which the ox-en could not draw, though they tried to do it with all their might. 5. At this the man who was driv-ing got an-gry, and beat the poor ox-en with a large [,■*. •./ '.f -1 .• '/r i- ■ s'f. 78 THE CANADA I li stick, of-ten stri-king them on the horns, which seem-ed to pain them ve-ry much. 6. At oth-er times, in the front town-ships, I have seen hor-ses u-sed ve-ry bad-ly; not that they were do-ing a-ny harm, but be-cause they could not know the lan-guage of their mas-ters. Hence they were beat-en on the head, be-tween the ears, with the large end of a whip, which was like-ly as pain-ful to them, as it would be to ox-en to strike them on the horns. 7. Now, all such con-duct as this shews plain- ly the ab-sence of a hu-mane tem-per. Nev-er trust your-self in the pow-er of a per-son who can thus a-buse dumb beasts, for he would most like-ly ill use hu-man be-ings if they cross-ed his de-signs, and he could do so with e-qual safe-ty to his per-son. 8. God takes care for ox-en, and he no doubt marks the man or boy, who, from ca-price, bad- ly ex-erts a pow-er with which he proves un-fifc to be trust-ed. It is the du-ty of all to be gen- tle in their con-duct, and to give those crea- tures that de-pend up-on them a prop-er de-gree of food, to pre-pare shel-ter from the ex-treme cold of win-ter, and to see that, in all re-spects, they are kind-ly ta-ken care of. spSLLiNa nook. 79 PRAYER. .V * Lesson IC. 1. Ere the morn-ing's bu-sy ray Call you to your work a- way; Ere the sHent eve-ning close Your wea-ried eyes in sweet re-pose, To lift your heart and voice in pray- er Be your first and la-test care. 2. He, to whom the pray-er is due From heav-en, his throne, shall smile on you; An-gels sent by him shall tend Your dai-ly la-bour to be-friend, And their night-ly vi-gils keep To guard you in the hour of sleep. 3. When through the peace-ful par-ish swells The mu-sic of the Sab-bath bells, Du-ly tread the sa-cred road Which leads you to the house of God ; The bles-sing of the Lamb is there, And "God is in the midst of her." 4. And oh ! w here'-er your days be past ; And oh ! how-e'er your lot be cast. Still think on Him whose eye sur-veys, Whose hand is o-ver all your ways ; A-broad, at home, in weal, or woe, That ser-vice, which to heav-en you owe, That boun-den ser-vice du-ly pay, And God will bless you ev'ry day. j(^-' ■' f- t ,1 i'.m so THB CANADA 5, He on-ly to the heart can give Peace and true pleas-ure while you live; He on-ly, when you yield your breath, Can guide you through the vale of death. 6. He can, he will, from out the dust, Raise the blest spir-its of the just; Heal ev'ry wound, hush ev'ry fear; From ev'ry eye wipe ev'ry tear; And place them where dis-tress is o'er. And pleas-ures dwell for ev-er-more. !,y 1 1!- SrSIXING BOOK. 81 PART III. WorcU r?/* THREE SYLLABLES pronouHced as TWO. and accented on the first syllable. Observe, tial and cial sound like shal. •Ii Ac don au-cient auc-tion Cap-tious cau-tion cau-tious con-science con-scious Dic-tion dun-geon Fac-tion fac-tions fric-tion func-tion Gra-cious Junc-tion Le-gion lo-tion tion, cioHf scion tiarif scian tientf cient ctouSj scious science, tience tfion, geon iMan-sion jmar-tial men-tion jmer-sion mis-sion .mo-tion Na-tion no-tion Op-tion Par- tial pas-sion pa-tience pa-tient pen-sion por-tion pre-cious pres-sion IQuo-tient like shuHf like shan, like shentf like shus, like sheiicCf likejMw, Re-gion Sanc-tion sec-tion spa-cious spe-cial spe-cious sta-tion sur-geon Ten-sion ter-tian trac-tion Unc-tion Vec-tion ven-tion ver-sion vi-cious h i ^• •••••• tl THE CASrADAV:; Words ^ THREE SYLLABLES, hophig the accent on the FIRST SYLLABLE. rlr .' r Ab-la-tive ab-ro-gate ab-so-lute ab-sti-nence ac-ci-dent ac-cu-rate ac-tu-al ac-tu-ate ad-a-mant ad-e-quate ad-jec-tive ad-vo-cate af-fa-ble af-flu-ence ag-gran-dize ag-gra-vate ag-gre-gate ag-o-iiy al-der-man al-i-ment al-pha-bet al-ti-tude am-pu-tate an-ar-cliy an-ces-tor an-ec-dote an-gri-ly an-i-mal an-i-mate. an-nu-al an-ti-dote ap-pe-tite ap-po-site ar-a-ble ar-bi-trate ar-chi-tect ar-den-cy ar-du-ous ar-gu-ment ar-ro-gance ar-te-ry ar-ti-cle ar-ti-fice at-mos-pliere at-ti-tude at-tri-bute av-a-rice au di-ble aii-dit-or av-e-nue av-er-age au-thor-ize Bar-ba-rism bash-ful-ly ben-e-fit blame a-ble blas-phe-mous bois-ter-ous brev-i-ty bri-be-ry bul-ki-ness buoy-an-cy bur-gla-ry bus-i-ness Cal-cu-late cal-en-dar cal-um-ny can-di-date cau-is-ter can-nibal can-o-py ca-pa-ble cap-i-tal car-pen-ter cas-u-al cat-a-logue cat-a-ract cat-e-cliism cel-e-brate cel-e-ry cen-tu-ry cer-ti-fy chan-ceilor change-a-ble cliar-ac-ter cher-u-bim chil li-ness 8PELLXH0 BOOK. ftl cIioc-0-late cliron-i-cle cir-cu-late cir-cu-lar cit-i-zen civ-il-ize clain-or-ous clean-li-ness cler-gy-man clum-si-ness cod-i-cil co-gen-cy cog-ni-zance col-o-ny com-forter com-pa-ny com-pe-tence com-ple-ment com-pli-ment com-pro-mise con-fi-dent con-se-crate con-se-quence con-so-nant coii-sti-tute con-ti-nent con-tra-ry cor-pu-lerice cost-li-ness cov-e-naiit cov-et-oiis coun-sel-lor coun-te-nance coun-ter-feit coun-ter-part coun-ter-pane court-e-sy craft-iJy cra-zi-ness cred-i-ble cred-it-or cred-u lous crim-in-al crit-i-cise crit-i-cism croc-o-dile cru ci-fy cu-cum-ber ciil-pa-ble cul-ti vate ciim-ber-some cur-so-ry cus-to-dy cyl-in-der Dain-ti-ly de-cen-cy dec-o-rate ded-i-cate def-er-ence def-iii-ite del-e-gate del-i-cate dem-a-gogue dep-re-cate dep-u-ty der-o-gate des-o-late des-pe-rate des-pot-ism det-ri-ment dex.terous di-a dem di-a-logue dif-fi'Cult dig-ni-fy dil-i-geiit iis-ci'Vline dis-lo-cate dis-mal-ly dis-pu-tant dis-si-pate dis-so-nance div-i-dend doc-u-ment dole-ful-ly dra-pe-ry drow-si-ly drud-ge-ry du-el-ist du-pli-cate du-ra-ble du-ti-ful Ea-si-ly eat-a-ble eb-o-ny ec-sta-cy k^::-".'i-' i ifc-.iii.fl 4 ^ i'1 i; vi ' :•! m ?4 ed i-ble ed-i-fv ed-it-c; ed-ii-cate ef-fi.gy e-go-tism el-e-gance el-e-gy el-e-ment el-e-pliant el-e-vate el-o-quence em-a-nate ein-i- grant em-i-nence emp-ti-ness em-u-late en-e-my en-er-gy en-mi ty en-ter-prise ep-i-cure ep-i-gram ep-i-taph ep-i-thet e-qua-bly e-quiil-ize e-qui-nox e-qiii-Cy es-tI-ma(o eu-cba-iis.; ev"i-dence THE CANADA ex-oellence ex-e*crate ex-e-cute ex-er-cise ex-i'gence ex-o-dus ex-pe-dite exqui-site Fab-ri-cate fab-u4oiis fac-to-ry fac-ul-ty faith-ful-ly fal-la-cy fal-si-fy fal-tsi-ty fam-i-ly fan-ci-iul fas- cin-ate fa-vour-ite feai-ful-ly fea-si-bly fel-ony fem-in-ine fer-til-ize fer-ven-cy fes-ti-val fi-nal-ly fi-ne-ry fin-i-cal firm d-ment ifla~gran-cy flat-te-ry flex-i-ble fluc-tu-ate flu-en-cy fop-pe-ry for- ci-ble ford-a-ble for-feit-ure for-ti-fy for-ti-tude for-tu-nate fra-gran-cy fraud-u-lent fre-quen-cy friv-o-lous front-is-piece fru-gal-ly fu-gi-tive fu-mi-gate A^ nc-ral 1 i:~ni-ture fur-ther-more Gal-le-ry gar-den-er gau-di-ness gen-er-al geu-er-ous gen-e-sis gen tie-man gen-u-ine gid-di-ness gloom-i-ness srjEixiifG boos:. 85- ^1 A-ri ify gov-er- nance grace -fuMy grad-u-al gran-a-ry grate -ful-ly grat-i-fy , grav-i-ty greed-i-ness Har-bin-ger har-mo-nize haugli-ti-ness heart-i-ly hea-tlien-ism lieav-i-ness hes-i'tate liis-to-rv lio-li-ness li^Mne-li-ness hom^i-cide hojx; -ful-ly hor-ri-ble lios-pi-tal hur-ri-eane lius-band-ry liyp-o-crite liap-pi-ness hard-i-liood her-ald-ry 1-dol-ize ig-iio-runt im-i-tate Iin-mi-nent im-ple-ment hn-pu-denc€ in-ci-dent in-di-cate in-do-lence in-dus-try iu-^fa-my in-fan-cy in-fer-ence in-fi-del in-fi-nite in-flu-ence in-ju-ry in-no-cence in-no-vate in-so-lence iii-sti-tiite in-stru-ment in-tel-lect in-ter-course in-ter-est in-ter-val in-ti-mate in-tri-cate i-vo-ry Jeop-ar-dy ju-bi-lee jus-ti-fy jii-ve-nile Kna-ve-ry knot'ti-ness La-cer-ate lat-i-tude laar! a-My lax-i"ty le-gal-ize leth-ar-gy lib-er-ate lev-i-ty li-a-ble lib-er-ate lib-er-ty li-brary lig-a-ment lit-er-al lit-i-gate lof-ti-ness lone-li-ness low-li ness lii-dic-rous lu-min-ous lu-na-cy lux-ii-ry Mag-ni-fy mag-iii-tutle main-te-ne ict: mari-i-fest man-i-fold man-li-ness man-u-script mar-giii-al inar-iii er mar-i-time ^! .i 5*1 4^^ f'lA u tUS CANADA/^ ;,1 It ;■ 1 , I mar-tyr-dom mar-vel-lous mas-cu-line mas-sa-cre med-i-cal med-i-ciiie med-it-ate mel-o-dy mem-o-ry mer-chan-dize mer-ci-ful mes-sen ger might-J-ly min-er-al min-is-ter mir~a-cle mis-cliiev-ous mis-cre-ant iiiis-e-ry mit i-gate mock-e-ry mod-er-ate 2nod-u-late rnon-ar-chy mon-u-ment mor-al-ize mor-tal-ly mor-ti-fy mourn ful ly mul-ti-{)ly inul-ti-tiide irnir-dcr-er mus-cu-lar mu-ta-ble mu-til-ate mu-ti-ny mu-tu-al mys-te-ry Nar-ra-tive nat-u-ral nav-i gate riau-s€-ate rieed-ful-ly tieg-a- tive neg-li-gent riom-in-ate Ino-ta-ble QO-ti-fy nuUi-ty nti-mer-ous Ob -dn- rate ob-lo-qiiy ob so-loJ:e v>b-sta-cle ob-stin-ate vrb-vi-ate OfT. eii-py o-dcr-ous Ojj er-ate op-po-site oD-u-leiice or-aele :)r-a-tor or-din-ance or-gan-izc or-i-fice or-i-gin or-na-ment or-tho-dox Pa-ei-fy pal-pa-b]e par-a-disc par-a-gon par-al-lel par-ri-cide pas-sen-ger pass-o-ver pau-ci-ty peaee-a-ble peas-ant-ry pec-u-late pen-al-ty pen-e-trate pen-i-tenee pen-u-ry per-fi-dy per-fo-rate per-il-oiis per-jii-ry per-ma-nent pes-ti-lerice pet-u-lence pleas-ant-ry pi-e-tv phius-i-ble |pleii-i-tui!e pli-a-ble pol-i-ey pon-der-ous pop-u-lace pop ii-lar pop-u-lou8 port-a-ble pos-i-tive pos-si-ble po-ten-tate pov-er-ty prac-ti-cal pre-ce-dent pre-ci-pice pref-er-ence pre-ju-dice pres-i-dent pret-ti-ly pri-ma-ry prim-i-tive prin-ci-pal ])rin-ci-ple {)riv-i-le^e prob-a-ble prom-in-cnt prop-er-ty proph-e-cy ])ros-c-cute j)ros-e-lyte pros-per-ou i ])ub-lic-ly pu-er-ile S^ELLIKO BOOK 87 [Si punc-tu-al rid-i-cule 1 pun-gen-cy pu-ri-fy rig-or-ous ri-ot-ous 1 pii-tre-fy riv-u-let Hi Quad-ru-ped qual-i-fy rob-be-ry ru-in-ous P quan-ti-ty quer-u-lous ru-min-ate Sa-cra-ment 1 1| Rad-i-cal sa-cri-fice P'jII rail-le-ry sa-cri-lege W 1 ran-cor-ous sale-a-ble r'^^i rar-i-ty rat-i-fy sanc-ti-fy sat-is-fy f''l read-i-ness sau-ci-ness ' re-al-ize scan-dal-ize 1 ' re-cog-nize scar-ci-ty If re-com-pence re-con-cile sce-ne-ry scorn-ful-ly i|l rec-ti-fy rec-ti-tude scrip-tu-ral scru-pu-lous 1 re-gen-cy reg-u-late scru-ti-ny scur-ril-ous ;l ren-o-vate se-cre-cy i rep-ro-bate sec-u-lar 1 re-quis-ite sed-u-lous' ■■'■i rcs-i-dence sen-si-ble •| res-i-due sen-ti-ment 1 'res-o-lute sep-ul-chre . ^,:1 ret-i-nue ser-vi-tude ' -"'4 rev-er-euce sev-er-al '' :-5^ rhct-o-rie sliame-fiil-Iv jriieu-ma-tisrn isig-iial-ize I? §8 -l^HB CANADA sig-na-ture sig-ni-fy sim-i-lar sim-pli-fy sin-ful-ly sin-gu-lar skel-e-ton skil-ful-ly slan-der-er sla-ve-ry sleep-i-ness sloth-ful-ly slov-en-ly sol-i-'tude soph-is-try spe-ci-men spec-u-late speed-i-ly spite-ful-ly squan-der-er stip-ii-late stub-born-ness stii-pi-fy sua-vi-ty sub-ju-gate sub-se-quent sub-sti-tiite sub-ter-fiige suc-eu-lent suf-fer-er suf-fo-cate su-i-eide ;uit-a-ble sul-ki-ness sum-ma-ry sump-tu-ous siip-pli-ant sus-ten-ance syc-o-phant syl-la-ble sym-me-try sym-pa-thize sym-pa-thy syii-a-gogue Talk-a-tive tame-a-ble tan-ta-mount tar-di-ness teacli-a-ble tem-per-ance tem-po-ral tem-po-rize ten-den-cy ten-e-ment ter-min-ate ter-ri-ble tcs-ta-ment tes-ti-fy tbaiik-fiil-lv the-o-ry though t-ful-ly thrift-i-ly tim-or-ous to!-er-ate to-tal-ly trac-ta-ble trait-or-ous trav-eUer treach-er-ous treas-u-ry trem-u-lous tur-bu-lence tur-p en-tine tur-pi-tiide Ug-li-ness unc-tu-ous u-su-al u-ni-foriu u-ni-ty u-ni-verse up-per-most u-su-ry use-ful-ly ut-ter-ance Va-can-cy vag-a-bond van-i-ty vet-er-an ve-he-ment ve-hi-cle ven-om-oiis ven-er-ate ver-sa-tile ven-til-ate ver-i-ly vcr-i-fy SPELLING BOOK. 89 M ver*-i-ty vil-i-fy vin-flic-ate vi-o-lent vic-to-ry vir-tu-ous vir-u-lent vis-i-ble vi-gil-ant vig-or-ous vi-tal-ly vin-e-gar vi-o-let vol-a-tile Wan-der-er wari-der-ing wa-ri-ly wa-ri-ness waste-ful-ly waof-aron-er way-far-ing wea-ri-ness where-a-bout wliere-un-to wliis-per-er whis-per-ing wick-ed-ly wick-cd-ness wil-der-ness wi-li-ly will-ing-ly wish-fuHy wit-tWy wo-ful-ly won-der-ful wor-tlii-ness wrath-ful-ly wretch-ed-ly wretch-ed-noss wrong-ful-ly Yel-low-ness yes-ter-day yoke-fel-low youth-ful-ly Zeal-ous-iy zeal-ous-ness ••••••••• ••••••••• Words of THREE SYLLABLES, accented on the SECOND SYLLABLE. A-ban-don a-base-ment a-bate-ment a-bet-tor ab-hor-rence a-bol-ish a-bridge-ment ab-rupt-ly ab-struse-ly ab-surd-ly a-bun-dance a-bu-sive |a-but-ment ac-cept-ance :ac-com-plice 'ac-com-plish |ac-count-ant ac-cus-tom a-cliieve-ment ac-know-ledge ac-quaint-ance ac-quire-ment ac-quit-tal a-cute-ly ad-lie-rence ad-ja-cent ad-journ-ment ad-mit-tance ad-mon-ish ad-van-tage ad-ven-ture ad-vi-ser af-fi-ance af-flic-tive a-fore-said ag-gress-or o J. 90 THE CANADA ag-griev-ance a-gree-nieiit a-lert-ness al-li-ance al-low-ance al-lure-ment al-ter-nate a-maze-ment a-mend-ment a-muse-ment an-noy-ance an-otli-er a-part-ment a-pos-tate a-pos-tle ap-par-el ap-pa-rent ap-pear-ance ap-pren-tice a-quat-ic ar-raign-«^^^^ ar-range-ment ar-ri-val as-cend-cmt as-sail-ant as-sas-sin as-sem-blage as-sess-i-nent as-sign-ment as-sist-ance as-su-rance astli-mat-ic [as-ton-isli la-sun-der a-sy-lum atli-let-ic a-tone-ment lat-tacli-inent lat-tain-meiit lat-tend-ance lat-trac-tive |at'trib-ute la-vow-al |aus-tere-ly au-tlieu-tic lau-tum-nal Back-sU-der be-fore-liand ibe-gin-ner be-liev-er be-lov-ed [be-nign-ly lbe-wil-der Iby-stand-er Ca-tlie-dral clii-me-ra iclan-des-tine co-er-cive co-e-val ico-lie-sive icol-lec-tive |Com-inand-er ,com-niand-incnt icom-nacncc-mcnt com-mit-tce com-pact-ly |Com-pen-sate com-pli-ance com-po-nent com-po-ser con-ceal-ment con-ceit-ed con-ces-sion jcon-cen-trate con-cise-ly con-clu-sive icon-cur-rence ,con-do-lence ,con-du-cive con-duct-or con-fine-inent ,con-fis-cate Icon-jec-ture con-joint-ly Icon-ni-vance |con-sid-er cnn-sign-nient con-sist-ence con-su-mer con-sum-mate con-sump-tive leon-tem-plate icon-tin-ue icon-trib-ute con-vey-ance con-vul-sivc 8PELLIMO BOOK. 91 cor-ro-sive cor-rupt-ly cre-a-tor De-ceit-fiil . «< IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) //^.^^i^ .^-.4' >f^ e ;i-cal-ly Words ()f SIX SYLi /VBLES, accented on the fourth, Ar-is-to-crat-i-cal Dis-cip-li-iia-ri-an Ec-cle-si-as-ti-cal en-cy-clo-poe-di-a en-tlm-si-as-ti-cal Iii-cred-i-bil-i-ty Med-it-er-ra-iie-an Pre -de s- ti-ii a-r i-an Words oJ'sEYBN SYLLABLES, accented 071 the fiftiIj a7id 2jro7ioimced as SIX. An-ti-pes-ti-len-tial Cir-cum-iiav-i-^ti-tioii Ex-eoin-m i i-iii-ca- tion Mal-ad-m i i i-is- tra- 1 ion Tnis-rep-re-seii-ta-tion Nat-ii-ral-i-za-tion Re-cap-it-u-la-tiou re-con-cil-i-a-tioii Tran-s ub-s tan- ti-a- tion Words of SEVEN and eight syllables, properly acce7ited. An-ti trin-i-ta'-ri-an Com -men-su-ra-bir-i-ty Ex-tra-or-din-a'-ri-ly Im-ma-te-ri-ai'-i-ty im-pen-e-tra-bir-i-ty in-com-pre-beu-si-bir-i-ty lin-cor-rup-ti-bir-i-ty in-dis'So-lu-bir-i-ty in-com-pat-i-bir-i-ty in-con-sid'-er-a-ble-ness in-di-vis-i-bir-i-ty |ir-re-con- ci'-la-ble-oes8 m 114 THE CANADA m Lat-i-tu-din-a'-ri-an Me-te-or-o-lo'-gi-cal Per-pen-dic-u-lar-i-ty phys-i-co-the-ol'-o-gy plen-i-po-ten'-ti-a-ry Val-e-tu-din-a'-ri-aa Instructive Lessons on variov jeccs. THE KNOWLEDGE OF LETTERS, Lesson 4. 1. The knowledsfe of letters is one of tlie greatest blessings enjoyed by man. By this means we preserve for our own use, through all our lives, what our memory would have lost in a few days; and lay up a treasure of know- ledge for those that sliall come after us. 2. By the art of reading, we can sit at home and acquaint ourselves of what is done in the most distant parts of the world, and know what our fathers did long ago, in the first ages of mankind. We can also see what is now trans- piring in the LTnited States — how the law is there often set at defiance, thereby rendering the tenure of life and property exceedingly insecure. 3. By this means a person in Canada can converse with his friends in England, Ireland, or Scotland ; by this we know what China pro- duces, and how the natives of Tartary live; by this we know what has been done in Egypt, Greece, and Turkey; and by the same means those who live after us, will know what is now done in the British Provinces of America. SPELLING BOOK. 115 4. In short, the art of letters does, as it were, revive all the past ages of men, and set them at once upon the stage; it brings all the nations from afar, and gives them a general interview; so that the most distant nations, and distant ages of mankind, may converse together, and grow into acquaintance. 5. Above all, we have reason to be thankful for a knowledge of this art, because it enables us to become acquainted with the important truths contained in the Bible, rehitive to the creation of the world, and our fall from the state of innocence, in which we were created. It points out our social, civil, and religious duties, and the necessity of being renovated in heart and life, in order that we may answer the end of our being here, and be prepared for an eternal state of happiness in the world to come. I SUBORDINATION. • Lesson 5. Order is Heaven's first law. From the earliest dawn of reason to tlie hour of death, when we reluctantly take the last bitter medicine, we have to submit our wills, more or less, to the will of others. We cannot, in childhood, see that the motive which induces our parents to lay us under restraint, is a regard to our future happiness. It seems to us to be caprice, or^ at least, arbitrary dictation. '% V,, ''1 Vi 116 THE CANADA 2. But we learn to sul)mit our wills to tlieirs; and here is the foiuuUition of iJ^ovoriiment, and here commences a system of bonds, and obli- gations, which abide on us through life. As we advance in life, we see that the reason of family ^ovennnent is not a love of anthority, or of an infliction of punishment; but it arises from a compassion of our ignorance, and a desire to form our characters for the world in which we are to live and act. 3. As we leave the paternal roof, the laws of the land reach us, and tlirow their obliii;ations aroumi us. If we viohite them, the laws to which all have aii:reed to abide, take hold of us. The judtj^e is only the mouth of the law, and the ma ,.v ' 8. Drunkenness produces sickness, bloated- ness, inflamed eyes, red nose and face, gout, jaundice, dropsy, palsy, epilepsy, apoplexy, melancholy, idiotism, madness, death. 9. The punishments are, debt, black eyes, rags, hunger, jail, whipping post, stocks, gal- lows ; and, unless prevented by timely repent - ance, the lake of Are prepared originally for the devil and his angels. OF THE AKTS AND SCIENCES, Lesson 9. 1. Aerostation is the modern art of raising bodies intc. and navigating the air, by means of rarified or ii^ flammable air coUected within an envelope, commonly called a ballooL. 2. Agriculture, the most innocent and useful of all [>ur- suits, is the irt of cultivating the ground, f-o as to make it fruitful in the production of food for maii luid beast. I X i 122 THE CANADA o. m ^'ii. Algebra is a method of calculating quantities in general, by means of signs or characters, which, instead of figures- are the letters of the Alphabet. The first letters, o, h, c, d, &c. are made to represent known quantities ; and the last letters, x, y, r, to represent those that are unknown* 4. Anatomy is the art of dissecting bodies for the purpose of examining their structure, and the nature, uses, and func- tions of their several parts ; and also of the knowledge of the human body derived from such dissections and exami- nations. Anatomy, taken absolutely, applies only to the dissection of human subjects; the dissection and examina- tion of brutes is called Comparative Anatomy. 5. Architecture is the art of erecting all sorts of buildings, whether for habitation or defence, according to the best plans or models. It is divided into three distinct branches ; namely. Civil, Military, and Naval. 6. There are five orders of Civil Architecture, the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite- Some add to these the Gothic, exemplified in the constructron of most cathe- drals and old churches. 7» AriOimetic is the art of numbering or computing by certain lules, of which the four first and simplest are addi- tion, subtraction, nmltiplicartion and division. Vulgar Arith- metic is the computation of numbers in the ordinary con- cerns of life. Integral Arithmetic treats of whole numbers ; Fractional Arithmetic of fractional numbers ; and Decimat Arithmetic of decimal numbers^ THE ARTS, &c. Lesson 10. 1. Astronomy is that grand and sublime science which treats of the heavenly bodies, and explains their forms, motions, distances and magnitudes. The sun, and the plane- tary bodies which move round him, Constitute the Solar System. The word solar efomes from the Latin sol, which signifies the sun. 2. The earth moves tound the suft, and is ninety-five millions of miles distant from him. It has two motions, the one round the sun, which it performs yearly, and the other round its own axis, which it performs daily. The first is called its annual revolution, and the other its diurnal rotation. SPISLLIMG BOOK. 123 'f he annual devolution is tlie cause of the change and variety of the seasons ; and the diurnal of the succession of day and night. 3. The number of planets is eleven. Theii* names, begin- ning with that nearest the sun, a!*e Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, Vesta, Juno, Ceres, Pallas, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. Of these. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn are very conspicuous^ and have been known from immemorial time ; the other five are visible only through the telescope. They all derive their light from the sun; and they move round him from west to east. 4. Satellites are bodies which accompany sonie of the l^lanets, and they are eighteen in number. The moon is a satellite to the earth ; Jupiter has four moons or satellites ; Saturn seven, and Uranus six. Saturn is also surrounded \vith two luminous rings. ' 5. Comets are opaque bodies like the planets, moving in defined but very eccentric orbits round the sun ; but we know very little of them, as the periods of only a few hav* been ascertained witli any degree of exactness. Comets hav c received their name from coma, or the vapour with which they are surrounded. 6. The fixed stars are bodies luminous in themselves — tkey are suns, vastly larger, it is probable, than the one which gives us light, and the centres of their own planetary systems. 7. A Constellation is an assemblage of fixed stars, imagined to represent the form of some creature or other object, as a bear, a ship, and the like ; whence they have derived those appellations^ which are convenient in describing the stars. 8. The division of the heavens into constellations is very ancient, probably co^eval With astronomy itself. Frequent mention is made of them by name in the isacred writings, as iu the book of Job, and in the prophecy of Amos. 9. Some of the constellations are also mentioned by Homer and Hesiod, who flourished above nine hundred years before Christ; and Aratus, who lived about two hundred and seventy^seven years before Christy professedly treats of all such as were marked out by the ancients. These were forty - eight in number, called the old constellations, to which have since been added others, called new constellations. I 2 m 24 JHjH CAJJAJLA 10. There are twelve constellatior.s placed in the Zodiac, ^ hich is a faDcied broad circle in the heavens, through which the sun appears to move in the compass of a year. The jigns north of the equinoctial line are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, < ancer, Leo, Vi.go. The southern signs are Libra, Scorpio, S;igittariut;, (Japricornus, Aquarius, Pisces. Of these, the tolloM ing is a poetical description in English : The RaWf the i?«//, the heavenly Twins^ And next the CVa6> the Lion chines, 'I'he Viroln and the Scabs; T?ie Siorpwn, Arvher^ and Sea-goaf, 'J be Man that holds the iVater-pot, A ud i'VsA, with glittering tails. THE ARTS, &c. Lesson H. 1. Eiof^raphy is the history of the lives of eminent inen, ihe reading of which is not only amusing and entertaining, but is of the greatest use, for it gives an insight into human r?*ture, and excites us to imitate the actions of the good, i.r.{i to avoid those of the M'icked. i. Boiani/ is that part of natural history which treats of p'ants, their several kinds, forms, virtues, and uses, and is a very delightful study ; besides^ it displays the wisdom ar.d glory of the <-'reator, for — There's not a plant, or flower that grows, But shews its Maker — God. 3. Chetnistiy is that science which investigatis the com- position and properties of bodies, and by which we are enabled to explain the .duses of the natural changes which take place in material substances. It is of the highest impor- tance to mankind, since by its ipvesti gat ions, the practical arts are constantly improving. 4. All satisfactory explanation of the causes of rain, liail, dew, wind, eai'thquakes, and volcanoes, have been given by the aid of chemical knowledge. The phenomena of respi- ration, the decay and growtJi of plants, and the functions of the several parts of animals, are also explained by tfce aid of Chemistry. SPELI.lNa BOOTi. 125 5. In its applicuti*)!! to ai^ricuUure, Chemistry furtibhen the most direct and certain means of ascertaining what a barren soil requires to make it fruitful, and also whiit ingre- dient is best adapted to any given kind of produce. The making of soap, glass, the several kinds of acid, and almost every kind of medicine, depend wholly on the manipulations of (Chemistry. It is also connected, in various degrees, with the art of the potter, iron-smith, tanner, bugar-maker, dis- tiller, brewer, paper-maker, and painter. 6. Chronolo(^i/ is the art of measuring time, and distin- guishing its parts, so as to determine what period has elapsed since any memorable event. The term is derived from two Greek words, cUronoa and logosy which signify time and description. 7. Time has two divisions, a smaller and a greater. Th« smaller division consists of years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes and seconds, deduced from the motions of the hea- venly bodies, and suited to the purposes of civil life. Th3 larger division consists of epochs, centuries or ages, lustrums, olympiads, indictions, and cycles, which ara measured by the smaller division. 8. An epoch is any fixed point or period of time, from which historians date events ; as the creation of the world, the birth of Christ, &c. The last-mentioned epoch Is gene- rally called the common era. 9. A century is the space of one hundred years, completed by a hundred revolutions of the earth round the sun. A lustrum is a space of five years, at the end of which a general review of the Roman citizens, and their estates, was made, 10. An Olympiad is the space of four years, by which the Greeks reckoned their time after the institution of the Olympic games; these were celebrated in honour of Jupiter Olympius, in the environs of the city of Olympia, in Peloponnesus. 11. An indiction is the space of fifteen years. The cycle: of the sun is a revolution of twenty-eight years, used for finding the dominical or Sunday letter, &c., which, when expired, will return in the same order as before. 12. A cycle of the moon is a period or revolution of nine- teen years, after which time the new and full moon return on the same days of the month as before, excepting one hour and twenty-eight minutes sooner. One use of these cycles is to shew on what day Eastsr will f^all, ii^v any number of years to come. -it:':- 126 THE CAl^ADA (■;' » i:| THE ARTS, &c. Lesson 12, 1. Commerce is the art of buying and selling, or the exchanging of one commodity for another. By its aid, one country partakes of the produce, and enjoys the advantages of another. 2. Electricity is the science which treats of the electric power, and its various laws, operations, effects, experiments, &c. The electnc power is that property first discovered in amber, of attracting light bodies when excited by heat or friction. It has since been found in other bodies, as sealing wax, agate, and most kinds of precious stones. 3. Ethics is the science of moral duties, shewing the rules and measures of human conduct which tend to happiness ; its object is the exercise of right reason in all our aSffairs and actions. 4. Geography is a description of the earth. Geometry treats of lines, surfaces, and solids, and is the doctrine of extension and magnitude in general. Grammar is the art of speaking and writing any language with correctness and propriety. 5. History^ in its most general sense, is an acconut or description of events and things in an orderlv series, com» prehending civil or political history, sacred history, ecclesi- astical history, and natural history. It is sometimes divided into ancient and modern, sacred and profane. 6. Ancient histoiy gives an account of all things, from the creation of the world to the birth of Christ. Modern history gives an account of all things from the birth of Christ to the present time. 7. Sacred history is that which is contained in the Bible, making us acquainted with God and divine things. Profane history is a general name given to all records except sacred, whether ancient or modern. Natural history is a description of natural things, as animals, vegetables, fiire, water, &c. 8. Horology is the science which treats of tl Pleasuring of portions of time. The principal instruments used in the measuring of time are dials, clocks, watches and hour-glasses. Horticulture is the art of cultivating a garden, and reaiing tb« finest kinds of plants. SPSX'UNG BOOK. 127 c ?s 9. Hydrostatics is the science -which treats of the laws regulating the motions, pressure, gravitation and equilibrium of fluid bodies, particulai'ly water, and also of solid bodies immerged therein. THE ARTS, &c. Lesson 13. 1. Jurisprudence is the art of conducting the affairs of a public society or commtmity, so as to procure and preserve, in the highest degree possible, the interest and happiness of the whole, and of each individual. 2. Society is divided into three sorts, namely, a family, a city, and a republic or nation ; and as these consist of per- sons in a different relation to each other, so, various and different forms of government are found necessary for each. 3. The several laws are the law of nature, the civil law, and the law of nations. The law of nature is that which nature and reason have taught mankind, as the power it gives to pai'ents over their children. 4. The law of nations consists of public acts and statutes, which provide for the public utility, and the necessity of the people, considered as a body corporate ; and ordain or decree whatever relates to obedience and subjection, dominion and government, "- ir and peace, contracts, &c 5. The civil law is that which is peculiar to any country or people, and administers that justice which arises from their particular situation, and special relations and circum- stances. When this respects a city or borough, it is called the municipal law, 6. The laws by which England is governed are, the Cwil Law, before-mentioned. The Common Law, containing the s-ummary of all the laws, rights, and privileges of the people of England, in what is called Magna Charta, or the Gr^^at Charter of English Rights, 7. The Statute Law^ consisting of statutes, acts, and ordi- nances of King and Parliament. The Canon Law, which is a collection of ecclesiastical law, serving as the rule of church government. Martial Law, used in all military and maritime affairs. Forest Law^ which relates to the regulation of the forest and the chase. 128 THE CANADA m t:"i il 8. The several courts of judicature, for tlie administration of justice and right are, the high Court of Parfiamenf^ con- sisting of King, liords, and Commons. The King's Bevchj in which all the pleas of the Crown, or what concerns the life, peace, and property of the suhject, are transacted. 9. Tlie Court of Chancery^ designed to mitigate the rigour of common law, and to set things upon the footing of right, and is therefore called the Court of Equity. 10. The Court of Cojmnon Pleas^ in which are debated the usual and common pleas, or causes between subject and subject, according to the rules of the law. The Court of ICxchequerj in which are tried all causes relative to the revenue and treasury of the Queen. The Court of Admiralti/y which takes cognizance of affairs, civil and military, relating to the seas. THE ARTS, &a JLesson 14. 1. Language is human speech in general, or an assemblage of articulate sounds, forming words and signs for the expres- sion of the thoughts of the mind. The great number and diversity of languages arose from the building of the Tower of Babel, as related in the eleventh chapter of Genesis. 2. Languages are divided into the dead and living lan- guages. The dead lar^uages are those which were spoken formerly, but which are not at this time spoken by any nation. Those languages which are spoken by different nations at the present day, are called living languages. 3. The principal of the dead languages are the Hebrew^ Greek and Latin; and of the living in Europe the English, the French, the Italian, the Spanish, the German, the Portu- guese ; and many others in the East. 4. Logic is the art of thinking and reasoning justly, and of communicating the result of our thoughts to others. It is divided into four parts, according to the number of the operations of the mind in its search after knowledge, namely, perception, judgment, reason, and method or disposition. 5. Perception is the first and most simple act of the mind, whereby it perceives, or is conscious of its ideas. Judgment is that power of the mind, whereby we join ideas together, and affirm or deny any thing concerning them. nl 111 til til sti Sl^ SPETJ.TMl nO>)K 129 f). Reason 13 that faculty •>r j»ow.»r of' tlir in'n'l whereby it distinguishes good from »'vil, tnih from fjl.s*;h )')(1, and \si used in comparing several ideus lo^ethor, i:j '^vh^r V> drav/ the consequences from The relations ti»»»y uiv t«)un 1 to bear to each other. 7. Disposition or nu'ihod, is the an or arcrinf^'inrr our thoughts in such a niarmer, us shall oontrlbutf^ most to the strength and beauty ot'u discourse, iind iispliy the connexion and dependance of ono part on tht^ i)ther. 8. Macadamizinq is a n^ethod »>f nip.king roads, introduced in England by Mr. MacAd.nn, an 1^ which consists in break- ing the stones, intended for the surface, into small and equal sizes: a smooth hard road is thereby pn>d\iced. 9. Mathematics is that branch of science which treats of the quantities and proportions of nifi^^nitude in general. It includes AriihmetiLS Ali^.ibra, and GeouR^try ; and is appli- cable to Astronomy, Hydrostatics, Mo'^hanics, Optics, Archi- tecture, Geoi*rvipliy, Navigation, Pueumatics, and, in ftict, e^ery soioncf* tl>.xt lov<»lve;i ntimbers or magnitude. THK ARTS, &a La-^fion 15. 1 . Mt'chanics is that branch of science which treats of the nature and laws oi motion, the action and force of moving bodies, the construction of machines, &c. The simple me- chanic powers are the lever, tlie whe«l and axle, the pulley, the inclined plane, the wedge, and the screw. 2. Mineral(}gy is that science which treats of the properties and relations of that numerous class of substances called mineral. Minerals are divided into four classes, namely, the Earthy, the Saline, the Inflammable, and the Metallic. 3. Music is a science which teaches the properties, de- ]>endencies and relations of melodious sounds ; or -the art of producing harmony and melody, by the due combination tind arrangement of those sounds. 4. This science, when employed in searching the principles of this combination and succession, and the causes of the pleasure we receive from them, becomes very profound, and demands much patience, sagacity and depth of thinking. 5 It is generally understood, or supposed, that the word mu^ic ifi derived from mufa, but Diodorus derives it from an i! ^ i ■iWJBitfffim 130 THE CANADA Egyptian name, intimating that music "was first established as a science in Egypt after the dehige, and that the first idea of musical sound was received from that produced by the reeds growing on the banks of the Nile, by the wind blowing into them. 6. Others, again, imagine, that the first ideas of music were received from the warbling of birds. However this may really have been, it appears, at least, equally rational to attribute its origin to mankind, since musical mtonation in the infancy of language, must often have been the natural result of passionate feeling; and since also we find, that wherever there is speech there is song. 7. Music, properly so called, only concerns the due regu- lation and proporticm of sound, and is divided into two parts — the theoretical and the practical. Theoretical Musie comprehends the know ledge of harmony and modulation ; and the laws of that successive arrangement of sound, by yr hich air, or melody, is produced, 8. PruQtical Muaic is the art of bringing this knowledge ^d those laws into operation, by actually disposing of the sounds, both in combination and succession, so as to produce the desired effect ; and this is the art of composition. 9. But practical music may, in fact, be said to extend still further, and to include not only the production of melodious fmd harmonious composition, but also its performance ; which is considered as an innocent and agreeable recreation, as it relieves a wearied attention, and refreshes the exhausted spirits ; it also frequently calms the disquiet and perturbation of the mind. THE ARTS, &c. Lesson 16. 1. Mytlwlogy is the history of the fabulous gods and heroes of antiquity, with the explanation of the mysteries and alle- gories connected with them. The word is derived from the Greek, and signifies a discourse or description of fables. 2. Navigation is the art of conducting a vessel at sea from one port to another. Optics is that branch of natural philo- sophy which treats of the nature of light and colours, or of the general doctrine of vision. SPELLIT^G BOOK. m 3. Ornithology is that branch of Natural History which treats of birds, and their natures, habits, form, economy, and uses. Painting is the art of representing natural bodies by outline and colour. An ingenious and useful art: it enables us to concentrate in one view the form and beauty of objects, and greatly assists the mind in retaining the resemblance of those objects which, without it, would be for ever lost. Its essential parts ai*e composition, drawing and colouring. 4. Philosophy is, properly, the love of wisdom, and is a term applied either to the study of nature or morality, founded on reason and experience, or the systems which ditferent men l^ive devised of explaining the various phen- omena in the natural and moral world. 5. Phonics is the doctrine or science of sounds; it is somatjnies called Acoustics. It is divided into two parts, Diaphonics and Cataphonics, G. Diaphonics is that science which explains the property of those sounds that come directly from the sonorous body to the ear ; and Cataphonics treats of reflected sounds, or is the science of echoes. 7. The principal use of Phonics is in relation to music, to which it gives a basis on the principles of mathematics, Experiment has denjonstrated, that if a musical string of any length give a certain tone, half that length will give the octave, two thirds of it the fifth, an4 the other notes of the scale in exact proportion. 8. Phrenology is a new subject of investigi^tlon, which professes to teach, from the conformation of the human skull, the particular characters and propensities of men, presuming that the faculties and operations of the human mind have their particular seat in certain parts of the brain, and are to be traced by particular external bumps or protu- berances. 9. Physiognomy is the study of men's particular characters and ruling passions, from the features of the face, and the cast of the countenance. This science, as well as that of Phrenology, cannot, perhaps, be much depended on. 10. Physiology is that branch of medicine which treats of tlie structure and constitution of the human body, and the functions of the various parts, with regard to the cure of diseases. r' ; \i 152 THE CANADA 10. Pneumatics is the science which treats of the mechani- cal properties of air, and other com] ressible fluids. The principal mechanical properties of air which are treated of uad^r this science arc its fluidity, weight, and elasticity. THE ARTS, &a Lesson 17. 1. Poetry is the art of writing poems, namely, real or fictitious compositions drawn out in measured language. — As respects the subject^ it is divided into pastorals, satires, elegit::, epigrams, Slc. ; as respects the manner or Jorm of representation, into epic, lyric, and dramatic poetry, &c. ; as respects the verse into hlank verse and rhyme. *2. Politics is the art of governing and regulating the affairs of a state or kingdom, for the maintenance of the public safety, order and tranquillity. 3. Printing is the art of faking impressions from charac- ters or figures, moveable or immoveable, on paper, linen, silk, &c. Printing is of four kinds, namely, one for books, from moveable letters, composeqi and set in a form, ani another for books from solid pages; a third for pictures from copper-plates ; a fourth for printing calicoes, linens, &c. from blocks, on which are represented different figures. — The first of these is printing properly so called ; the second is stereotype printing ; the third copper-plate printing ; and the fourth calico printing. 4. Religion is that sentiment of venetation, dependence, and love, which binds us to the Deity, and is expressed in such acts of worship as he himself has prescribed. .5. Ilhetoric is the art of expressing our ideas so as to please, aftect, and persuade, either in writing or speaking. X good orator must possess an inventive genius, a correct judgment, command of language, a retentive memory, and an agreeable delivery. 6. A i ^gular thesis usually consists of five parts, namely, the exordium, the narration, the confirmation, the refutation, and the peroration. The exordium, or introduction, pre- pares the minds of the auditors for what follows. 7. The narration gives an account of the matter of fact, which must be plain and varied. The confirmation is thaV part of the oration in which the orator disposes his necessary evidence or proofs. SPELLING BOOK. 133 5t, iaV T 8. The refutation is that part of the discourse in "which the orator refutes and destroys the reasons and arguments of his adversary ; and it must be pointed and sharp. 9. The peroration, or conclusion, is a compressed recap- itulation of all that has been said, and it must be determined by the nature of tlie discourse; it is designed to fix in the jninds of the auditors the full meaning of the oration. 10. The principal rhetorical figures are the following, which are written in easy verse, in order to make iheixx familiar to young people: — i. A metaphor in bonowed words eotnpartb: Thus, for e.vooss, we say a *^Jiood of tears.'' . 2. An Alkgovtf is a chaiu of tropes; *'l've passM the shoals, fair gales now swiU my hope*'. ' v3. A Mutonymy takes some otlier iiaiDc; "Just heacen (for Goi>) confounds their pride vitU frhanic.'' 4. Synecdoche the whole lor part dotli take, Or part for whole, just for tlie metre's sake, "While o'er thy roof (for house) loud thunders break." 5. An Irony quite the reverse iiitciula, Of what it speaks; " Well do tie! rhjht t/u.tfy friends.*^' 6. aomatopeeio. foruis words froi.i sound: "Flies buzz, bees hum, winds whUtle all arouud.'* 7. Hyperbole soars hi^li, or sinks too low ; "He iouch'd the shies " ** iSnails tU, not crawl no iktt'/' 8. A Climax by gradation still ascend*!; "They were my countrymen, vnj ntiyhUtur^, friefuhJ^* 9. A Cataeresis words abused Iraplies ; "Over his grav<», a ivooile?} i*imb. Hie, to ^flwto. Led, conducted. i'- !:'"■ High, /o/?^. Leak, to rww o?/^ f^^ ^ 1; Hew, to cif^. Leek, a ^/?i!t Kiln, /or &r/e^ Lock, to fasten. Knave, a ?'ascai. Lo, behold. Nave, o/*a wheel. Low, mean. Knead, to trorA dough. Loose, slack. Hi Need, want. Lose, not win. 1 h 1 1 Knew, did know. Lore, learning. 'r'l hi New, not worn. Lower, more low. M! Knight, a title. Mside, jftnisked. i,; m Night, darkness. Maid, a girl. ^■lai Knot, to maAe knots. Main, c^/^. 1 M SPELLING BOOK. 137 Mane, of a horse. Mail, armour, Male, he. Mail, of letters. Maize, Indian corn. Maze, labyrinth. Marshal, to arrange. Martial, icarllke. Mean, lore, . Mean, to Intend, Mien, gesture, ]\Iean, 'middle. MeRt.food. McQt.Jit. Mete, io measure. Metal, a substance. Mettle, sjnrlt. Might, power, % jMite, aa bisect. Moan, lo lament. Mown, cut down, Kanght, bad. Nought, nothing. Nay, not. Neigh, as a horse. Oar, to row with, Ove, of metal. O'er, over. Of, concerning. Oft", from. One, In number. Won, did win. Our, of us. Hour, 60 minutes. Owe, Indebted, Oh, a/rt5. Pail, a bucket. Pale, whitish. Pain, torment. Pane, of glass. Pair, /o coupk. Pare, to cmj? <>^: Pear, a/?7///. Palate, a if^/-/,?. Pallet, « //^r/r 5»ed Po'e, a hyng dick. Poll, ai of voters. Patience, endurance. Patients, sick jiersons. Pause, a stop. | Paws, of beasts. Pcaee, qulef. Piece, apart Peal, r/ Z/f //.sv Peel, a rind. Peer, «; nobleman. Pier, o/tf Z>,7V/g.(,?. Place, situation. Plaice, aj^/f. Plain, ct'^??^ Plane, a tool. Plait, tt/oR Plate, wrought silver. Pleas, excuses. Please, to delight. Plum, «//-?Yord signif^^ing father Abbre'viate, v. a. to shorten Abju'rc, V. a. to renounce an opinion Abor'tive, a. in vain Ab'rcgate, v. a. to annul Abscond' , v. n. to hide oue*s self Absorb' , v. a. to spck up Abste'mious, a. tpmper^te in diet Abstru'se, a.hidden, difficult Accel' erate, v. a. to increase motion Ac 'cent, s. stress of voice on a syllable Accou'tre, v. a. to attire, to dress Accu'mulate, v. a. to pile up Ac'curacy, s. exactness Achie've, v. a. to perform A'crc, s. 4840 square yards accented. V. verb. ij. substantive. conj, conjunction. Ac'tuate, v. a. to move, to excite Acu'teness, s. sharpness Ad'amant, s. hard as a dia- mond Ad'cquate, a. equal to Adhe'sion, s. the act of sticking Ad'jnctive, s. a word added to a noun to express some property or quality Adieu', ad. f:;rewell Adjourn 'ment, s. putting off Adopt', V. a, to take as a son or daughter Adroit'ness, s. activity, skill Ad' vent, s. a coming Ad' verb, s. a word joined to a verb or adjective, for the purpose of qualifying, or in some measure con- fining its meaning. Ad'yersary, s. an enemy AdN^ocate, s. a pleader Ac'rimony, 5. sharpness, ill Ae'rial, a. belonging to the nature air SrELLI^'G BOOK. 141 A r fable, a. easy of mannci> entirely Af fluenee, s. plenty, abun- Annul', v. a. to repeal dance Ag'gravate, v. a, to make worse Aggregate, s. the whole Agil'iiV, s. speed A' lien, 6'. a stranger AUe'giance, s, the duty of a subject Al'legory, s. a figurative manner of speech Alle'viate, v, a. to soften, to ease Alpha, s. the first letter in the Greek alphabet, the first or highest Alter'nately, ad. by turns Al'titude, s. height Ambig'uous, a. doubtful Amen^ , ad. may it be so Anie'nable, a. answerable to, responsible Amphibolous, a. that which can live both in air and water AnaVogy, s. likeness of one thing to another Analysis, s. a separation of parts Anath'ema, s. a curse An'gle, s. a corner Animos'ity, s. hatred Anni'hilate, v. a. to destroy Anom aly, s. irregularity Anon'ymous, a. without a name Antedilu'vian, a. before tlie flood An'tichiist, s. an enemv to Christ Antic'ipate, v. a. to fore- taste Antip'athy, s, hatred, aver- sion Anti'que, a. ancient Anx'ious, a. much concerned Aph'orism, s. a maxim Apos'tle, s. a person sent to preach the gospel Appara'tus, s. tools, furni- ture Appro'priate, v. a. to set apart for a particular pur- pose Approx'imate, a. near to Ap'titude, s. fitness Aquat'ic, a. relating to ♦he water Ar'bitrary, a. despotic i\r'biirate, v. a. to decide, judge Ar'chives, s. records Ar'id, a. parched up, dry Aristoe'racy, s. a form of government which lodges 142 THE CANADA the chief power in the nobles Aromat'ic, a, fragrant, spicy Arraign, v, a. to accuse Ar'rogance, s. haughtiness Arti'c'ulate, v. a. to pro- no^mce words distinctly Asper'ity, s. roughness Assid'uous, a. constant in application to business Assua'ge, v, a. to soften, to lessen Asth'ma, s, a disease in the lungs A'theist, 5. one who denies the existence of God Athlet'ic, a, vigorous, strong At'mosphere,5.theairround the earth Atro'cious, a, very wicked Avoirdupo'ise, s. a weight containing 1 6 ounces to the pound Avouch' , V. a, to affirm Auspic'ious, a. prosperous Auste're, a, rigid, harsh Aiithentic'ity, s. genuineness Ax'iom, s. a maxim Backsli'der, s, an apostate l>alsam'ic,a. softening, heal- ing Bank'rupt, s, one who, being unable to pay his debts, gives up his effects Ban'quet, s» a sumptuous feast Basha'w, ,?. a Turkish go- vernor Bdel'lium, s, an aromatic gum Beatific, a, blissful Begui'le, v. a. to improve, amuse Bellig'erent, a, engaged in war Benedic'tion, s, a blessing Beneficence, s. active kind- ness Benev'olent, a. having good will Beni'gn, a. generous, kind Bere'avc, v. a. to deprive of Bev'erage, s. a drink Bien'nial, a, continuing for two years Biog'raphy, s, a history of lives Blasphe'me, v. a, to speak impiously of God Bo'reas, s. the north wind Bot'anist, 5. a persoo skilled in herbs Bra'celets, s. ornaments for the wrists Brogue, s. corrupt dialect Buck'ler, s, a shield Bull 'ion, 5. gold or silver in the mass SPELLING BOOK. 143 in Bul'wark, s. a defence, a fortification Chimer'ical, vl whimsical, ideal Buoy 'ant, a, thai will not Chronol'ogy, *. the art of sink computing time Bureau', s, set of drawers Cipher* ng, 6'. casting ac- with a desk j counts Burgher, s. a citizen, a free- Circuin'ference, s. a circle man Circumja'oent, a, lying a- Burlcs'que, v. a, to ridicule round Ca'deucc,«.afallof thevoice Circumscri'be, r. «. to en- Cal'lous, a, hardened close Calorific, a. causing heat jCir'cumspect, a, watchful Campa'ign, 5. the ti^ne aniCircumvent^r.a. todeceive army keeps the field in|Clandes'tine, a. secret, sly one year iCoadju'tor, s, an assistant Can'ticles,5. Solomon's song Coag'ulate, r. a. to run into Capri'cious, «. fanciful, odd clots Cap'tious, a. cross, peevish Coales'ce, r. n, to join to- Car'nal, a. fleshly, worldly gether Cashie'r, 5. a cash-keeper — Coali'tbn, s, a union V. a. to dismiss from service Catarr'h, s. a disease of the head and throat Catas'trophe, s, a final evnt generally unhappy Cau'terize, r. a, to burn with irons Cel'ibacy, s. single life Centu'rion, s. a Roman mi- litary officer, who com- manded 100 men Ceru'lean, a. sky-coloured Chasm, s. a cleft, an opening Cher'ub, s, a celestial spirit Cochine^al, s, an insect used in dying scarlet Cock'atiice, s. a serpent Coer'ce, v, a, to check by force Coeter'na!, a, equally eternal Co'gent, a, forcible, convin- cing Cog'nisance, s, notice Coinci'de, r. n. to agree wi'h Collat'eral, a. side by side CoUe'ague, s. a partner Coilis'ion, s. act of striking together, a clash I IL|II— U-l'JmiiH'» 4U«PtUII *«" wimm m Jim f m m t n. m vm 156 THE CANADA Predict', V. a. to foretell Prcmatu're, a. ripe too soon Prcmi' so, v. a. to explain previously Prepon' derance, s. superi- ority of weight Preposi' tion, s. in gram- mar, a particle governing a case Prepos' terous, a, wrong, ab- surd Pretext' , s. a pretence Pres' cience, ,9. knowledge of futurity Prevar'icate, V. n. to quibble Prim'itive, a. ancient, ori- ginal Proba' tioner, s. one upon trial Prob' leni, s. a question pro- posed Procras' tinate, V. to delay, put off Prod' igal, s. a waster Profligate, a. wicked, aban- doned Profound' , a. deep, learned Profu' se, a. wasteful Progno8'ticate,t;.a.toforetell Project' or, s. one who forms schemes, &c. Prolif ' ic, a. fruitful Prolix' , a. tedious Promul' gate, V. a. to publish Pro' noun, s. a vord used instead of a oun, to avoid repetitions Propen'sity, s, inclination, tendency Pros' ely te, s. a convert Pros' trate, a. laid flat along Protomar' tyr, s. the first martyr Protract' , V. a. to draw out, delay Protu' berant, «. prominent, swelling Prov'idence, s. divine care Prov'ident, a. prudent, cau- tious Prow' ess, s. bravery Proxim'ity, s. nearness Pu' erile, a. childish, trifling Pul' verize, v. a, to reduce to powder Pun' gent, a. sharp Punctil' io, s. trifling nicety Pusillan'imous,a. mean-spi- rited Quad' rangle, s. a figure that has four right sides, and as many angles Quadru' pie, a. fourfold Quer' ulous, a. habitually complaining Quies' cence, s. rest Q uo' ta, s. a share, rate SPELLING BOOK. 157 Rab' bi, s. a Jewish doctor lla' diant, a. shining Ran'corous, a, very malig- nant Ran' som, s. a price paid for liberty Rapa' dons, a. greedy Recip'rocal, a. mutual Reconnoi' tre, v. a. to view Recogni' ze,r. a. to acknow- ledge Redeem' , V. a. to ransom Reflec' tion, s. attentive con- sideration Refrac' tory, a. obstinate Reful' gent, a, bright, splen- did Regenera' tion, s. a new birth by grace Rehear' sal, s. repetition Reit'erate, v. a. to repeat again and again Relap'se, s. a falling again into a state from which one had recovered Relax, V. to be remiss Remor' se, s. pain of guilt Remu' nerate, V. a. to reward Ren' ovate, v. a. to renew Repent'ance, s. sincere sor- row for sin, and amend- ment of life Reple' te, a. full, completely tilled Reprie've, s. a respite after sentence of death Rep' rimand, v, a. to chide llepri' sal, 8. seizure by way of retaliation Repug'nant, a. contrary Rcq' uisite, a. necessary llequi'te,t\a.to recompense Rescind', v. a. to annul llespon' sible, a, answerable Resurrec' tion, 6*. return from the grave Rctal'iatc, V. a, to return evil for evil Rctrie' ve, v. a. to recover Re'trospect, s, looking on things past Rev' erie, s, loose musing Reverb' erate, V, to resound Rhet' oric, 5. orator}^, the art of speaking Rota' tion, 5. a course or turn Rotun' dity, s. roundness Ru' dinient, s. the first part of education Ru' minate, V, to muse Rus'tic, a, rural, rude, plain Sacerdo' tal, «. belonging to the priesthood Sa'crifice, s. an offering made to God * Sa'crilege, s, robbery of a church i;- .'J 158 THE CANADA Sagac'ity, s. acuteness, keen- ness Sal' utary, a, wholesome Sane' tify, v.a. to make holy, set apart for holy purposes Sane' tuary, s. a holy place, an asylum San'hedrim, s. the chief council among the Jews, consisting of seventy el- ders Sapph'ire, s. a precious blue stone Sar'casm, s. a keen re- proaeli Sa'tiate, a. glutted ' A.' ca tire, 5. a poem censuring vice Seep' ticism, s. general doubt Sche' dule, «. a small scroll, an inventory Schism, s. a division in the church Scru' pie, s. a doubt Scru' tinize, v. a. to examine thoroughly Sece' de, v. a. to withdraw from Secre' te, v. a. to hide Sect, s, men united in cer- tain tenets Secu' lar, s, worldly Seda' te, a. calm, quiet Sedu'ce, v. a. to tempt, cor- rupt Sed' ulous, a. industrious Scm' icirclo, a. half a circle Sensual' ity, s, carnal plea- sure Sep' tuagint, s, the old Gre^k version of the Old Testament, so called, as being the supposed work of 72 interpreters Sep' ulchre, s. a tomb, a grave Sev' er, v. to force asunder Sluic' klcs, s. chains Sham' bles, s. a place to sell meat in Shrewd' ly, ad. cunningly Sim' ile, s. a comparison Simulta' neous, a. acting to- gether Sketch, s, an outline Sojourn' , v. n. to dwell a- while Sol' ecism, s. an impropriety of speech Solic' it, V. a. to ask Solil' oquy, s. a discourse to one's self Sol' vible, a, possible to be explained Sooth' say, v. n, to foretell Soph' ist, s. a subtle dispu- ter SPELLING DOOK. 159 Sor'did, a. mean, base South, s, opposite the north Sponta'ncous, a, willing Supersti' tion, s, false devo- tion Supi' ncness, s» indolence Spo'cious, showy, plausible Suscep' tible, cr. apt to take Square, s, a figure of four an impression equal sides and angles Stcr'ile, a. barren Sye' ophant, s. a flatterer Syni' metry, s, a due pro- Stig'matize, v. a. to markj portion with infamy | Sym' pathy, s, mutual feel- Stimulate, V. a. to excite Sti' pend, 5. wages Stip' ulatc, i;. n, to settle terms Suav'ity, s. sweetness Sub' altern, a. inferior Sub'jugate, v. a. to conquer Sub'lunary, a. under the moon Subser' vient, a. serviceable ing Synon'ymous, «. of the same meaning Tac' it, a. silent Tac^tics, s, the art of war- fare Tal' mud, s, the book of Jewish traditions Tan' gible, a, pcrcep^^^ible by the touch Subsi'de, v. n, to sink down- Tar' gum, s. a paraphrase ward Sub'stantive, .?. a noun be- tokening a thing Subvert', v. a, to overturn Succinct' , a. brief Sump'tuous, a. costl 3% splen- did Supercil' ious, a. proud, haughty Superfic' ial, a. on tlie surface Superflu'ity, s, more than enough Supers' ede, v, a. to make void jrf on the five books cf Moses, in the Chaldaic language T ant' amount, a, worth as much TautoV ogy, s, a repetition of the same words Tech' nical, a. belonging to arts Temer'ity, s, rashness Tem'porize, v. n. to delay Tena' cious, a. obstinate in an opinion, firmly adher- ing Hi 1 i > ^1 ii ._! 160 7JLB CANADA Tep' id.; a, rather hot, luke- warm Terra' queous, a, composed of land and water Terres' trial, a, e^.rthly Tes' tament, s. a will, a cov- enant Testa' tor, s, one who leaves a will Te' trarch, s, a Roman gov- ernor Theoc'racy. s. a divine government Theol' cgy, 5. the Bcience of divinity Thral' dom, s, slavery Thwart, v. a, to cross, op- pose Timid' ity. s, fearfulness Tithe, *. the tenth part Tolera'tion, s, allowance, permission Topaz, s. a precious yellow gem Torna' do, ,9. a whirlwind Tor'pid, s, numbed, inac- tive Tradu' ce, v. a, to scanda- lize Trag' ic, «. mournful Transcend' , v. to excel Trans' cripf , s. a copy from any original Transfig' ure, v. a, to change the figure Transfu' se, v. a, to pour in- to another Transgress' , v. a. to offend against rule Transient, «. momentary Trans' verse, a, lying in a cross direction Trav'erse, v. to wander over Tres'pass, v. n. to sin or commit a fault Trepida' tion. s. a state of trembling Trian'gular, a. having three angles Tribulation, s, distress, trial Trib'ute, 5. a tax Tur' bid, a. thick, muddy Type, s. the shadow or sign of a thing Ty' ro, s, a student, novice Umbrage, s. offence IJm'pire, s, a decider of disputes Unbelief, s. want of faith Unc' tion, s. an anointing Undaunt' ed, a. fearless, bold Undesign' ing, a. sincere, honest Un' dulate, v. a. to move as a wave U' nison, a, sounding alike f, 8PEE.LING BOOK. lei Unleav' ened, a. not fer- mented Unrav' el, v. a. to 3xplain Urban' it V, s. civility, po- liteness tJr' gent, a. pressing, earnest Usurp' , V. a, to seize with- out right U'sury, s, the interest of money; generally under- stood unlawful interest Upbraid' , v. a. to chide, re- proach Vacu'ity, s. emptiness Vague, a. unmeaning Valid, a. conclusive Ve' hemence, s, violence, ardour Vcloc'ity, s, speed, quick motion Ven' erate, v. a, to regard vrith awe Verac' ity, s, truth Verb, s. a part of speech which signifies being, do- ing, or suffering Verb' al, a. spoken Verb'ose, a. tedious, prolix Ver' dure, s. greenness Vernac'ular, a. native Ver' ily, ad. certainly Ver' ity, s. truth Ver'satile, a. variable Vesture, *. garment, dress |Vol'uble, a. fluent in worda Vi' and, s, meat, food Vi' brate, v. to quiver Vicin'ity, s. neighbour- hood Vicis' situde, s, change Vig' ilance, s. watchfulness Vin' dicate, v, a. to justify Vindic'tive, a, revengeful Vin' eyard, s. ground plant- ed with vines Vis'ible, a, that may be seen Vi' tctlj a. necessary to life, essential Vit' iate, v. a. to deprave, corrupt Viv' ify, V. a. to make alive Vivip' arous, a. bringing forth alive Viz'ier, s. the Ottoman prime minister Vocab' ulary, s. a small dic- tionary Vo'cal, a, relating to the voice Vocif'erous, a, clamorous, noisy Vol'atile, a. evaporating, lively Volca'no, s. a burning mountain Voli' tion, s. the act of wil- ling 'I'M :t ■' ^■>«^»ww>»ig»aWBHWgary ; Pyrenees between France and Spain ; the Alps which surround the north of Italy; the Peak in Derbyshire, England ; Snowden in Wales ; the Cheviot hills in Scotland ; and Mourne Mountains in Ireland. The burn- ing mountains are Vesuvius, near Naples ; Etna in Sicily ; and Hecla, in the cold isle of Iceland. Mont Blanc, a peak of the Alps, is the highest mountain in Europe, being 15,6G2 feet above the level of the sea. The Seas are, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the English Channel, St. George's Channel, the Medi- terranean Sea, the Black Sea, and the Archipelago. The Lakes are those of Ladoga and Onega in Russia; Wener and Wettern in Sweden ; and the Lakes of Geneva and Constance on the borders of Switzerland. The Bays, Gulfs, &c. are the Bay of Biscay, Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland, Gulfs of Venice and Lepanto. The Straits are those of Dover, Gibraltar, Bonifacio, Messina, and Kaffa, Dardanelles and Constantinople. The Rivers are the Thames and Severn in England; the Forth and Tay in Scotland ; the Shannon in Ireland ; Elbe in Saxony ; Rhine between France and Germany ; Seine and Rhone in France ; the Tagus in Portugal and Spain ; Po and Tiber in Italy ; the Weisel or Vistula in Poland ; Wolga and Don in Russia ; and the Danube, which flows from Germany to the Black Sea. ASIA, Is bounded N. by the Northern Ocean ; W. by Europe, the Black Sea, Archipelago, Mediterranean, Isthmus of Suez, and R^d Sea ; S. by the Indian Ocean ; and E. by the Pacific Ocean. m2 til 172 TBB CANADA The superficial area, including the islands, has heen esti« mated at 20,000,000 square miles; and its population at 460,000,000. Asia is, therefore, the most populous quarter of the globe. It is here the first man was created — the patriarchs lived — the law was given to Moses — and the greatest and most celebrated monarchies were formed. In Asia the promul- gation of Christianity was first made, and from thence the light of the Gospel Avas diffused over the whole world; and almost all the laws, arts and sciences had here their origin. The countri Congo or Zaire, Coanza, Orange, Zambezi. Lakes. — Tchad, Dembea, and Maravi, '•, H ■ ti 174 THE CANADA AMERICA, Is 'bounded N. by the Northern Ocean ; "W. by the Pacific Ocean ; S. by the Southern Ocean ; and £. by the Atlantic Ocean. The superficial area has been estimated at 15,000,- 000 square miles, and its population at 40 millionrs. It was discovered by Columb".s, a Genoese, in the year 1492. This continent is divided by the Isthmus of Panama into two gieat parts, namely, North and South -America. NORTH AMERICA, Is bounded N. by the Northern 0(?ean ; W. by the Pa- cific Ocean ; S. by the Gulf of Mexico a ad the Pacific Ocean; and E. by the Atlantic Ocean. It extends from 7 ® 30' to 74 ® N. lat. and from 55 ® 30' to 168 " W. long., being in length from N. to S. 45ui^ miles, and in breadth, from the E. of Nova Scotia to the; mouth of the Columbia Iliver, nearly 3000 miles. The superficial area has been estimated at 8,000,000 square miles, and its population at 27 millions. The divisions of North America are, 1st. Busskin Terrltori/\ 2. British America ; 3. United Sfatf:s; 4. Mexico and Giiati- mala; 5. West India Islands; 6. Gr^enJaud. Its Islands, beside the West Indies, are Newfoundland, Cape Breton, Prince Edward, Bermudas, Aleutian Islands, Queen Charlotte's Isles, Vancouver Island, North Georgian Islands, Cockburn Island, Southampton Island. Lakes. — Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario, Groat Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake, Athabasca, Winnipeg, Mistassin, Chaniplain, Nicaragua. KivERS. — Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, St. Lawrence, Hud- son, Arkansas, lied River, llio Colorado, Eio del Norte, Columbia, Mackenzie. Bays, Gulfs, and Straits. — Baffin's Bay, Davis' Straits, Prince Regent's Inlet, Coronation Gulf, Hudson's Bay, James' Bay, Straits of Belleisle, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Bay of Fundy, Chesnpeak Bay, Gulf of Mexico, Florida Channel, Bay of Campeachy, Bay of Honduras, Gulf of California; Nootka Sound, Barrow's Strait, Strait of the Fury and Heel a. Capes. — Farewell, Chidley, Charles, Sable, Cod, Ilatter- jjs, Tancha, St. Lucas, Prince of Wales, Icy Cape. MorxTAiNS. — Appalachian or Alleghany Mountains, Rocky Mountains, Mount St. Elias, Mount Fair-weather, the INIountains of Mexico. V i SP?3LLING BOOK. 175 le THE RUSSIAN TERRITORY, Consists of the extreme north western region of Ameri- ca, and a narrow tract of coast extending to 55 ®, N. lat. — It is bounded N. by the Nothern Ocean; W. and S. by the North Pacific : and E. by British America. Population 50,000. BRITISH AMERICA, Is bounded N. by Baffin's Bay and the Arctic Ocean, W. by the Russian Territory ; S. by the United States ; and E. b} the Atlantic Ocean. It is estimated to contain 2,360,000 square miles, and the population is about 2 millions. Divisions. Chief Towns, Hudson's Bay Territories, > xr i -n ^ xt • including Labrador ^^^^^ ^^^*' ^^^^- r Toronto, Kingston, Brockville, Bytown, Upper Canada < Cornwall, Hamilton, Niagara, and Lon- C don. Lc...r Canada l^'i^''^' ^f''"*'"*^'^!' "^l^^^ '^^^'''^' ^°^ ( Sherbrooke. New Brunswick ----- Fredericton, St. John. Nova Scotia Halifax, Annapolis, Pictou. Islands. Chief Towns, Newfoundland St, John. Cape Breton ------ Sidney, Prince Edward - Charlotte Town. Bermudas ------- St. George. Anticosti, Southampton, North Georgian Islands. Capes. — Hosier, Sable, Canso, Breton, Ray, Race, Charles, Chidley. Bays, kc. — Baffin's Bay, Davis* Straits, Hudson's Straits, Hudson's Bay, James' Bay, Straits of Belleisle, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Bay of Fundy, Coronation Gulf, Barrows' Straits, Prince Regent's Inlet. Lakes. — Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario, "Winnipeg, Athabasca, Great Slave Lake, Great Bear Lake, Mistassin, Nipissing, Simcoe, and Rl^e Lake. Rivers. — St. Lawrence, Ottawa, St. John, Niagara, Cop- permine, Mackenzie, Nelson, Columbia. ir;'1 176 THE CANADA THE UNITED STATES, Are bounded N. by British America ; "W. by the Pacific Ocean and Mexico ; S. by the Gulf of Mexico, and E. by the Atlantic Ocean. They contain 2,257,300 square miles. Population about 13,000,000, of whom 2,000,000 are slaves. ■■■ i DIVISIONS. Nori^iern States. Maine - - - - New Hampshire Vermont - - - - Massachusetts - - - Rhode Island - - - Connecticut - - - Middle Statec, New York - - - Pennsylvania New Jersey « - - Delaware - - - Southern States, Maryland . - - Virginia - - - . District of Columbia - North Carolina South Carolina Georgia - - - Alabama . . - Western States, Ohio - - - - Indiana - - - - Illinois • - - Missouri • . - Kentucky - - - • Tennessee . - - Mississippi - - - Louisiana . - -. Arkansas - . - Michigan - - - - Territories not yet erected Florida .... Wisconsin North-West Missouri . Western Territories . Capitals, - Augusta, - Concord. - Montpelier. - Boston. - Providence. - Hartford. - Albany. Harrisburg, - Trenton. Dover. - Annapolis. Richmond. - Washington. Raleigh. - Columbia. Milledgeville, - Tuscaloosa. Columbus. Indianapolia. Vandalia. Jefferson. Frankfort. Nashville. Jackson. New Orleans. Little Rock. Detroit. into States. Tallahassee. SPELLING BOOK. 177 <<" Islands. — Rhode, Long, Staten, Nantucket. Bays. — Penobscot, Massachusetts, Dehiware, Chesapeak, Long Island Sound, Florida Channel. Capes. — Ann, Cod, May, Charles, Henry, Ilatteras, Fear, Lookout, Tancha or Sable Point. Mountains. — Alleghany Mountain.';, Rocky Mountains, Ozark Mountains. Lakes. — Michigan, Champlnin, the southern shores of some of the Lakes of Canada, Poiilchartrain. RivKRS. — Mississippi with its tributaries, jNIissouri, Ar- kansas, Red River, Ohio, Wabash, Tennessee, Illinois, St. Peters, St. Croix, Connecticut, Hudson, Deia>Yarc, Susque- hannah, Potomac, Savannah. MEXICO and CITATIMALA, Are bounded N. by the United States and the Gulf of Mexico; W. and S. by the Pacific Ocean; and E. by the United States, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Ca: ibbean Sea« Mexico contains 1,640,000 square miles, and Guatimala 184,000. Population of Mexico 7,500,000,~-of Guatimala 1,650,000. THE WEST INDIA ISLAND?, Are situate in the Atlantic Ocean, between N. and S. America. They contain about 72,500 square miles, and a population of 2,G00,000, of whom only 460,000 are whites. These islands are called the West Indies, from the follow- ing circumstance : — Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of America, proposed to sail to the East Indies by a western course* but instead of reaching Asia, as he intended, he found America: still he was persuaded that those islands were the western part of India; and before a sullicient num- ber of voyages could be accomplished to convince him of his error, he died. From this mistaken notion of his, the islands acquired the name of West Indies. GREENLAND, Is an extensive region v.liich lies between Baffin's Rav and the Northern Ocean; from Cape FarcM-ell, in lat. 60^ it stretches northward indefinitely towards the Pole, SOUTH AMERICA, Is bounded N. by the Isthmus of Panama and the Carib- bean Sea; W. by the Pacific Ocean; S. by the Southern Ocean ; and E. by the Atlantic. The superficial area has been estimated at 7,000,000 square miles, and its population at 13,000,000. 178 THE CANADA CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS. The Earth m slicipe rcseti/oles an orange, being nearly- round. It ir, Dox':; tlian t\7enty-four thousand miles round, and eight ^ I .»usand through ; and is ninety-fi\e millions of miles from the sun. The Equator is a great circle, which divides the earth into two equal parts, at an equal distance from each pole ; and it is so called, because, when the sun is in this circle, the days and nights are equal to all the inhabitants of the earth. The poles are two points of the earth opposite to each other, the one callei north, and the other south. These points are only imaginary, as are also the circles. Ail parts of the earth, with respect to their situations, are either to the north or south of the equator; and the distance of places is counted from it towards the north or south pole. The poles are ninety degrees from the equator; half a circle is 180 degrees; aud a whole circle, whether great or small, is 360 degrees. The tropics are two lesser circles, called Cancer and Capricorn. The tropic of Cancer is 23^ degrees north of the equator, aud the tropic of Capricorn 23^ south of the equator. The polar circles are two lesser circles, called Arctic and Antarctic ; the arctic or north polar circle is 60 j degrees from the equator, and the Antarctic or south polar circle is the same distance south of the equator. Tb polar circles ai'e also 23^ degrees from tie ooles. The ecliptic is a great circle described by the sun in the space of a year. It surrounds the globe between the two tropics, and crosses the equator at two opposite points. All lines drawn from one pole to tlie other are called meridians. When the sun comes to the meridian of a place, it is then noon or mid-day at that place. We may imagine as many meridians as we please, for every place has a meri- dian. T! L' meridian or line drawn from north to south over Greenwici . in England, is called the first or fixed meridian. There are two horizons; one called the sensible or visible, and the otuer the rational hori/on. The sensible horizon is the bounda'^y '>f our sight, b« mg that circle where the sky and eartli setic tO meet. The rational horizon cuts the earth into two equal parts, and is parallel to the sensible SPELLING DOOK. 179 • iiorizon. The poles of the horizon are called Zenith and Nadir ; the zenith point is that part directly f>\er head . and the nadir is that point opposite to it under our fe< t. A degree in a great circle contains 60 geographical or 69j English miles, but the admeasurement of a less circle varies according as it approaches towards the poles. A mile in geography is called a minute. Fifteen degrees make an hour of time. Places on the earth are distinguished by their situations, "^'hieh are found by their latitude and longitude. The lati- tude of a place is its distance north or south of the equator. If it be on the north side of the equator, it is said to be in the north latitude ; if on the south side, in south latitude. — All places on the earth are either in north or south latitude, except at the equator, where there is no latitude, because latitude begins there. The greatest latitude a place can have is 90 degrees, and there are only two places that have so much, wliich are the poles. Upon a map the latitude is found at the sides ; if it increases upwards, it is north ; if dowmvards, it is south. Longitude is the distance of a place from the first meridian to the east or west. If it be on the east side, it is e-^ist longi- tude, &c. The greatest longitude a place can have is 180 degrees, which is one half of the circumference of the f ^obe. Longitude is found upon a map at the top and bottom, '"lie degrees of longitude are not equal, like those of latitu'^" out diminish in proportion as the meridians incline towai m the poles. Hence, in GO degrees of latitude, a de;i,Tee of '• r.gi- tude is but half the quantity of a degree upon the equator, aud so in proportion for the rest. Zones are certain spaces that encompass the earth like a girdle : these are five in number, namely, one torrid, two tempt^rate, and two frigid or frozen zoues. The torrid zone includes all that part of the earth which is situated between the tropics. Tlie temperate zones include all those parts of the earth which are situated between the tropics and polar circles. The frigid zones are situated between the polar circles, extending round each pole, Tviid are called frigid or frozen, from the rays of the sun faliiig so very oblique,' y ia those parts, which renders them excessively cold, lit; 180 THE CANADA I ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Grammak is the art of expressing our thoughts clearly and correctly, and is divided into four parts, namely, Ortho- graphy, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody. Orthograi)hy is the art of writing words with the proper and necessary letters. Etymology treats of the properties and derivation of words. Syntax teaches us to place our words properly together in sentences. Prosody teaches us the art of accenting and pronouncing words with propriety. Grammar is composed of letters, syllahles, words, and sentences. Of the parts of Speech. There are in English nine sorts of words, namely, the Suhstantive, the Article, the Adjective, the Pronoun, the Verb, the Vd^^erb, the Preposition, the Conjunction, and the Interjection* Of the Aiiirle. An article is a word used before substantives, to denote their signilieution: as a man, the man. Th.re are two ar- ticles a iov (in^ -iHniX t.he\ an is only used before a vowel, and "k silent //,• as, on egg, an b'_>ur; if A be sounded, a only is to be used ; as a band, a heart. The is to be used before either vowels or consonants ; as ihc egg, the hour, iIlc boy, the girl. A or an is called indefinite, because it does not determine wh'it particular thing is meant; as a i»ian,«?? hour; meaning any man, any hour. I'Le is called definite, as it ascertains what particular thing or things are ; ^eanv; as there goes the man with the wood, meaning some ni'^ticiibiv man and wood alluded to, or that were spoken \)t belore. Of Suhstant'wes, A substantive is the nar^^e of any thing that exists, or of which we have any notion ; as Kfng.stcm, mart, gofxfness. A substantive may oe known by prefixing the words " / speak of" and whatever word then completes the sense is a sub^ stantive, as, / speak of goodness, wisdom, gold. SPELLING BOOK. 181 i Substantives are divided into proper and common. A proper name or substantive is that which is appropriated to an individual of a kind ; as, JarneSj Toronto, St. Lawrence, A substantive common is that which belongs to all of a kind : as, man, city, river. — To substantives belon>'ords which denote things of neither sex are of the neuter gender ; as, house, stone, happiness. There are three methods of shewing the difiei'ence of sex. 1st. By different words; as. Boy, Girl, &e. 2. Wy different terminations ; as, Governor, Governess, Sec. 3. By a noun, pi'onoun, or adjective, being prefixed to the substantive; as, a mtih-strvant, a luaid-servant^ Slq, Sec. Numher. Number is the distinction of one from manv. Th^e are tvv o numbers ; the singular and plural. The singular speaks of one: as, a f>oy, a hook. The plural speaks of more tlinii one; as, hoys, hooks. The plural number is generally formed by adding only 6' to the singular; but when the singular end.'s in x, ch, sh, or ss, it i> neeessary to add es ; as box, boxes, &c. Words that end in / and fc form their plural l-y changing these terminations into ves; as, ca'f calves, 8cv. The following words are exceptions, as they form their plu- ral regularly by adding only*; nameh', hoif, roif, grief, divarf }nisrhi(fy h(f)i singular ; as, ashes, tonr/s, &c., and 182 THE CANADA Others no plural ; as, wheats goldy 8cc, Some are very irre- gularly formed ; as, goose, geese ; tooth, teeihj &c. The fol- lowing form the plural by the difference of their termina- tion; as Basis Crisis Diaeresis Emphasis sing* plu. Erratum Errata Genius Genii Radius liadii Stratum Strata, plu. Bases Crises Diareses Emphases Of Case, Case signifies the situation of a substantive. There are four cases ; namely, the nominative, the genitive, the accu- sative, and the vocative. The nominative case represent'^ the being or thing that acts, and comes before the verb ; as in "James loves play" where James is the nominative case. The genitive case implies property or possession, and has for its sign the preposition o/'; as, "the love o/'God," or it has an apostrophe, with the letter s coming after it ; as,, "God's love". The apostrophic « is omitted when the sin- gular ends in *9; as, "for goodness' and righteousness' sake." Wh^in several names are coupled together in the genitive case, the apostrophic s is joined to the last only, and under- stood at the rest ; as, " John, James, and lioberi\s house." The accusati^ e case generally follows a verb active, or a preposition; as, 'I love James," "James is m school". — The vocative case is known by calling or speaking to ; as, " James, come here ". James is in the vocative case. The vocative case is perhaps necessary ; because it is the case in which every person speaks. Every other connexion in which the substantive is placed, is formed by prepositions. Parsing Exercise on the Article and Substantive, An Apple. The Apple. Why is an called indefinite ? Because it does not determine or point out what particular apple; the meaning is any apple. Why is the definite? Because it defines or limits it to a particular one of the kind, signifying by tfie some apple referred to. Why is Apple a substantive? Because it is the name of a thing. SPELLING BOOK. 183 "Why is it a substantive common ? Because it expresses one of the whole kind j for apple is a name comnionto all apples. Why is it in the neuter gender ? Because it is "without life, or of neither sex. Why is it the nominative case ? Because it simply expresses the being or name of a thing. Questions for Parsing, Article. — What part of speech? What kind? Definite or in- definite? Why? Substantive, — Common or proper? What gender? What number? What case? Why? Why is the apostrophic s omitted ? Of the Adjective, An Adjective is a word joined to a substantive, to express its quality ; as, " a good boy "; " a bad pen ". Adjectives have three degrees of comparison ; the positive, comparative., and superlative. The positive is the first state of the adjective ; as, good, wise, great. The comparative de- gree increases or diminishes tlie positi » e in signification ; as, (freater, smaller ; and is formed by adding r or er. The su- perlative degree increases or diminishes the positive to the utmost ; as, largest, smallest ; and is formed by adding st or est. The comparative and superlative degrees are also form- ed by placing the adverbs more and most before the adjec- tives ; as, mare pleasant, most pleasant. More and most are generally used before words of more than one syllable. — Some adjectives of very common use are irregularly form- ed ; as,/;o.s77/re good; comparative hQtter; superlative hcst — All the adjectives have not the degrees of comparison, be- cause their signification will not admit of them ; as, all, several, some, one, two, first, &e. Adjectives sometimes stand by themselves, but then a substantive is always understood ; as, " Do you ride the ivkite or the black f^ Here horse is understood to both. — Thus the adjective signifies nothing by itself, and can convey no idea to the mind without a substantive, expressed or understood. By this an adjective may be readily distin- guished. 184 TUB CANADA Parsing Exercise on the Article^ Adjective arid Substantive* A good boy. Why is good an adjective? Because it has no substance of its own, and is dependent on, and inlierent in, the substantive 6oy, denoUng a peculiar property Avhich belongs to him. Why is it in the positive degree? Because it is the adjective simply expressed, without any comparison. Questions for Parsing. Article J as before. iStiJ.sianticc, as before. Adjective. — What degree of comparison? and why? Pronouns. A pronoun is a word used instead of a nomi or substantive, to avoid tlie too fre^juent repetition of the same word; as, ^-the man is merry, lie laughs, lie siii^j^s." There are three kinds of pronouns; tlie personal, the relative, and the adjec- tive. 'J\) pronouns belong number, person, gender, and case. Pronouns have two numbers, the singular and the plural, the same, as substantives; as, /, thou^ he, sJir, it; wCy 1/f'y tliii/. Personal pronouns have three persons in each niiiuber, viz.: /, is the first person Thou or you, tlie second person Hi', she, or it, the third person Singular. JVe, is the first person "^ Ye or ijvu, the second person > Plural. Tlieijj the third person 3 Pronouns hi've three genders, masculine, femhiine, and neuter, but they have respect only to the tiiird person sin- gular, he, she, it. He, is masculine; she, is feminine; it, is neuter. Th thine, hi?, her, , hers, its, oun, .ours..'it(niT.,jT}our's,'tR4T,'Sieir's^ and'thef 'are IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 125 Li£l2.8 ^ 1^ 12.0 11.25 III 1.4 Mli ^ n /a ^V"/ w y /A KiotDgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STtEET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)S72-4S03 4^ 186 THE CAKADA |tl! called possessive, because they relate to property or posses- sion. Ml/, thy, his, her, our, your and their, are joined to a substp.ntive ; as, 'wy book," "yow? pen." Mine, thine, her$^ ours, yours, and theirs, are used without a substantive, which is, however, understood though not expressed; as, "this book is mine," " this pen is thine." The distributive pronouns are, each, every, either, neither; and are so called because they relate to persons or things that make up a number, as taken separately and singly ; as, *^each of his companions;" ^^ every person must account for himself." "I have not seen either of them;" "have you seen neither of my comrades?" The demonstrative pronouns particularly point out the subject to which they relate ; as, "Mjs is real munificence, fJiat is by no means so." This refers to the nearest person or thing, and that to the more distant; as, "this tree is higher than that." This indicates the latter or last men- tioned; that the former or first mentioned; as, "an army, as well as a fleet, is necessary to the security of a state ; this from attacks by sea, that from those by land." This makes these in the plural ; and that makes those. Indefinite pronouns are those which express their subjects in a general and indefinite manner; as, ^''some men are vir- tuous, others vicious." The following are of this kind ; some, other, any, one, all, such, Sfc. Of thes<' pronouns, one and other alone are varied; as, one, one's; ether, other's. Of Verbs. A verb is a word which signifies to be, to do, or to suffer; as, I am, I rule, I am ruled. A verb may be known by its making sense with any of the personal pronouns, or by placing the word to before it ; as, I write, you play, they toil; or to write, to play, to toil. There are three sorts of verbs, the active or transitive, the neuter or intransitive, and the passive. An active or transitive verb is so called, becouse the ac- tion passes to some object ; as, "//oue virtue". Here / is the agent, love the verb, and virtue the object. A verb neuter or intransitive is that which may denote an action or not, but it has no effect upon any thing beyond the agent ; as, / sit, I walk. A verb neuter may be known from a verb active by putting the pronoun it to the verb, and if it make sense, it is active, but otherwise neuter\ for a verb neu- ter will not take a substantive after it. iii! i SPELLING BOOK. 187 le ac- / is A verb pixssive is that which expresses bearing or suffer- ing, as it declares what is suffered by the nominative or per- son before it; and necessarily implies an agent or actor ^ either expressed or understood; as, "you are punished b/ John ". Here John is the agent or actor, are punished the passive verb, so called because its nominative case you is th« passive subject, or that which receives the action. " Verbs with regard to their inflection, are divided into re- gular, irregular, and defective. A regular verb forms its tenses and participles according to the usual modes. Irre- gular verbs are those which borrow their tenses and partici- ples from other verbs ; or form them contrary to the usual mode. Defective verbs are those which are only used in some of their moods and tenses ; as, avi,, can, will, &c. An auxiliary verb is one that is put before another verb to de- note the time, or signify the mood, or manner of a verb. — They are do, he, have, shall, will, may, cqn, with their varia- tions ; and let and must which have no variation. To verb« belong number, person, mood, and tense. Of the Participle. A participle is a certain form of the verb, and partakes of the nature both of the verb and the adjective. There are three participles ; • the present, which ends in tng ; the perfect, which ends in ed; and the compound perfect} ta, loving, loved, Jiaving loved. Number and Person, Verbs have two numbers, the singular and the plural ; a«, / write, we write; and in each number three persons; as, First person - • Second person - - Third person - - sing, - I write, - Thouwritest, - He writes. plu. We write. You write. They write. Of Moods, Moods signify the various ways of expressing our inten- tions. There are five moods ; the indicative, the imperative, the potential, the subjunctive, and the infinitive. The indicative mood simply indicates or declares a thing; as, " I learn, I do not learn," or else it asks a question ; as •* dost thou learn ? dost thou not learn '*. n2 'i( I I 5 » li I I ; 1 't 1S8 THE CANADA The imperative mood commands, exhorts, entreats, or for- bids; as, " Fear God ; honour the King ; love your neigh- hour as yourself". The potential mood expresses a thing as possible, and im- plies liberty, power, will, or obligation; as, "I may love, it may rain, I can ride, he should learn." The subjunctive mood implies a condition, will, or sup- position ; and commonly depends upon another verb, and is also preceded by a conjunction, expressed or understood ; as, " I will go, though you chide me." " Were he good, he would be happy ;" that is, " if he were good" &c. The infinitive mood expresses a thing in a general, and indeterminate manner, without any distinction of number or person ; as, "to act, to speak, to be feared." This mood is known by the preposition to coming before the verb ; as, " to love." Of Tense, Tense signifies the distinction of time, which consists of six variations ; the present^ the imperfect^ the perfect, the pluperfect, and the^r*^ and second future. The present tense represents an action or event as passing at the time when it is mentioned ; as, '■^i write, 1 do write, or I am writing,'' Do, am, with their inflections, are the signs of this tense. The imperfect tense represents an action as passed inde- terminately, or as remainiug unfinished at a certain time past ; as, " I la^edhev for the sweetness of her mind." "She was playing on the piano when I saw her." The signs are did and was, with their inflections. The perfect tense not only refers to what is passed, but also has an allusion to the present time ; as, " I have learned my lesson;" "I have learned the. lesson that was recom- mended to me." , The pluperfect tense represents a thing not only complete- ly finished, but also as finished prior to some other time specified in the sentence ; as, " t had learned my lesson be- fore yoti c«/ws in." Its signs are had ^.nd had h'een, with their inflections. The first future tense represents the action as yet to come, definitely or indefinitely, that is, with or without respect to the precise time ; as, " the sun will rise to morrow at five o'clock," definitely; "the sun will rise to-morrow,'' inde- 8PKIXING BOOK* 189 finitely. This tense is known by the signs shall or willf or shall be, or will be. The second future represents the action to he fully ac- complished at or before the time of another future action or event ; as, ** I shall have finished my writing at or before twelve o'clock." S/uill have and shall have been, are the signs of this tense. Conjugation. The conjugation of a verb is the method of varying it through all the persons, numbers, moods and tenses. The variation of the active verb is called the active voice ; that of the passive verb, the passive voice. The auxiliary and active verb to have is conjugated in the following manner : — TO HAVE. INDICATIVE MOOD. Present Tense, Pers. Sing, Pers. Plu. 1. I have 1. We have 2. Thou hast 2. Ye or you havft S. He, she, or it hath or has 3. They have Imperfect Tense. 1. We had 2. Ye or you had 3. They had Perfect Tense. 1. We have had 2. Ye or you have had 3. They liave had. Pluperfect Tense. 1. We had had 2. Ye or you had had 3. Thevhadhad 1. I had 2. Thou hadst 3. He, &c. had 1. I have had 2. Thou hast had 3. He has hid 1. 2. I had had Thou hadst had 3. He had had First Future Tetise. 1. I shall or wdll have 1. We shall or will have 2. Thou shalt or wilt have 2. Ye or you shall or will have 3. He shall or will have 3. They shall or will have f i i IV. 1:1) ! ii I f • 190 THE CANADA Second Future Tense, Per$, Pert, Plu. Sing, 1. I shall have had I. We shall have had 2. Thou wilt have had !2. Ye or you will have had 3. He will have had S. They will have had Query^ What \» the indicative mood? (Repeat the definition.) Imperative Mood» 1. Let me have 1. Let us have 2. Have thou, or do thou have 2. Have 3'e,ordo ye or jou have 3. Let him have 3. Let them have What is che imperative mood? POTENTIAL MOOD. Present Tense, 1. I may or can have 1. We may or can have % Thou mayst or canst have 2. Ye or you may or can hart 3. He may or can have 3. They may or can have Imperfect Tens6% Pers, Sing, 1. I might, could, would or should have 2. Thou mighst, couldst, wouldst or shouldst hare 3. He might, could, would or should have Pers. Plu, 1. We might, oould, would or should hare 2. Ye or you might, could, would or should have 3. They might, could, would or should have Perfect Tense, Pers, Sing, 1. I may or can have had 2. Thou mayst or canst have had 3. He may or can have had Pers, Plu, \ !(, We may or can have had 2. Ye or you may or can have had 8. They may or can have had i I ' i SPSLtiNQ BOOS. 191 Pers, Sing, 1. If I have 2. If 3'ou have 3. If he have Pluperfect Tense, Pera. Sing. 1. I might, could, would or should have had 2. Thou mighst, couldst, wouldst or shouldst have had 3. He might, could, would or should have had Pers. Plu. 1. We might, could, would or should have had 2. Ye or you might, could, would or should have had 3* They might, could, would or should have had What is the potential mood? SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. Present Tense. Pers, Plu. 1 . If wc have 2. If ye or you have 3. If they have What is the subjunctive mood? INFINITIVE MOOD. Present^ to h: ;e Perfect, to have had Future, to be about to have What is the infinitive mood? PARTICIPLES. Present or active • - - Having. Perfect or passive - .. - Had. Chmpound perfect - - - Having had. Of the Conjugation of Regular Verbs, _ "^ ACTIVE. Verbs active are called regular, when they form their imperfect tense of the indicative mood, and their perfect participle, by adding t(» the verb ed or d, only when the verb ends in e; Is, Present, Imperfect, P^f Part, I learn I learned Learned I love I loved Loved A regular verb active is conjugated in the following manner : TO LOVE. INDICATIVE MOOD. Present Tense, Pers. Plu, 1. We love 2. Ye or you lore Pers. Sing.. 1. I love 2. Thoulovest 3. He, she or it loveth or loves 3. Xhey love 192 THX CANADA ! Pen. Sing, 1. I loved 2. Thouloved&t 3. Be loTed 1. I hare loved 2. Thoa hast loved 3. He has loved 1. I had loved 2. Thou hadst loved 3. He had loved Imperfect Tense, Per», Flu, 1. "We loved 2. Ye or you loved 3. They loved. Perfect Tense, 1. We have loved 2. Ye or you have loved 3. They have loved Pluperfect Tense, L We had loved 2. Ye or you had loved 3. They had loved First Future Tense, 1. I shall or will love 1. We shall or will love 2. Thou shalt or wilt love 2. Ye or you shall or will lov« 3. He shall or will love 3. They shall or will love Second Future Tense, 1. I shall have loved 1. We shall have loved 2. Thou wilt have loved 2. Ye oi you will have loved 3. He will have loved 3. They will have loved IMPERATIVE MOOD. 1. Let me love_ 1. Let us love 2. Love thou or do thou love 2. Love ye or you or do ye love 3. Let him love 3. Let them love POTENTIAL MOOD. • Present Tense^ 1. I may or can love 1. We may or can love 2. Thou mayst or canst love 2. Ye or you may or can love 3. He may or can love 3. They may or can love Imperfect Tense, Pers. Sing, 1. I might, could, would or should love 2. Thou mightst, couldst, wouldst or shouldst love 3. He might, could, would or should love Pers. Plu, 1. We might, could, would or should love 2. Ye or you might, could, would or should love 3. They might, could, would or should love epsLiiUsa BOOS* 193. Perfect Tense^ Pers. Sing^ 1 . I may or can have loved 2. Thou mayst or canst have loved 3. He may or can have loved Pers. Plu, 1. We may or can have iovcd .2. Ye w you may or can have loved 3. They may or can have loved Pluperfect Tense^ Pers. Sing, 1. I might, could, would or should have loved 2. Thou mightst, couldst, wouldst or shouldst' have loved 3. He might, could, would or should have loved Pers. Plu^ 1. "Wc might, could, would or should have loved 2. Ye or you might, could, would or should have loved 3. They might, could, would or should have loved INFINITIVE MOOD. Present Tense -^ •• To love Perfect - - « To have loved Future - • ^ To be about to leva PARTICIPLES. Present or active • • Loving Perfect or passive - • Loved Compound perfect * <^ Having loved • Conjugation of the Regular Verbs. PASSIVE, Verbs passive are called regular, when they form their passive participle by the addi'^ion of d or ed, to the verb; as, from the verb "to love^^ is formed the passive, **Iam loved." NoTK. — The pupil should be taught to conjugate the passiv verb "/ am loved, ^ 8fc, though all the moods and tenses. Irregular Verbs, Irregular verbs differ from the regular in the formation of their imperfect tense, and iheir perfect participle ; as. Present, Imperfect, Perfect or Pass. Part, know knew known 194 THB CANADA Irregular verbs are of various kinds. 1. Some have their present tense, imperfect tense, and passive participle the same; as, Present, Imperfect, Perfect or Pass, Part, cast cast cast cut cut cut 2. Some have thei" imperfect tense and perfect participle tho ■aroe; as^ Present, Imperfect, Perfect or Pass, Part, send sent sent lend lent , lent 3. Some have their present tense, imperfect tense, and passive participle, all different; as. Present, Imperfect, Perfect or Pass Part, give gave given do did done Conjugation of tJie irregular verb, to write. TO WRITE. INDICATIVE MOOD. Present Tense, Pers, Plu. 1. "We write 2. Ye or you write 3. They write Imperfect Tense, 1. We wrote 2. Ye or you wrote 3. They wrote. Note. — The following tenses in this mood, and all the tenses ia the other moods, are conjugated the same as in verbs regular. Defective Verbs, Defective .verbs are those which can be used only in some of their moods and tenses ; as, Present, Imperfect, can - - could may - - might • must - - shall - • should - will - - would ought - - Pers, Sing. 1. I write 2. Thou writest 3. He writes 1. I wrote 2. Thou wrotest 3. He wrote Perf, or Pass, Part, 8PEUJING BOOK. 195 4^ Impersonal Verba, Are C dae which are defective in point of person, and cannot be conjugated with any other nominative than the pronoun it, at in the following manner: — Indicative Mood, Present tense - - • It rains Imperfect or past tense • It rained Future tense - - • It will rain IMPERATIVE MOOD. Let it rain. POTENTIAL MOOD. Present - - - - It may or can rain Past or imperfect - - It might or could rain SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. Present - - - - If it rain Past or imperfect - - If it rained INFINITIVE MOOD. Present - - - - To rain Past - - - - To have rained Futurs - - - - To be about to rain PARTICIPLES. Present Perfect - Compound Perfect Kaining • Rained Having rained Exercise iji Parsing^ on the Article^ Adjective, Substantive^ Pronoun and Verb, 1. I love him 2. Let them stay 3. Prepare your lesson? 4. You may be happy 5. Keep your books clean C. The person whom I saw this morning is come 7. That picture is delightful 8. Let us improve ourselves 9. I am sincere 10. Thou art respected 196 THE CANADA I m hi \ Questions, .». Article, Substantive^ Adjective, as before. Pronoun, — What kiiid? Persou? Gender? Number? Case?— Whv? Verb. — What kind? Active, passive or neuter? Reguhir, irregular, or defective? Mood? Tense? Number? Per- son? — Why? If a participle, -why? Active or passive? — From what verb derived? / love him. What part of speech is I? A pronoun. — Why? Because it is used instead of my own name. — What kind? Personal, because it relates to a person. — What case is I? The nomi- native. — Why? Because it comes before and governs the verb. — What part of speech is love ? A verb. — How do you know it to be a verb? Because whatever word denotes being, doing or suffering, is a verb. — What kind? Active. — Why? Because it implies action, and takes an accusative after it Is it transitive or intransitive? Transitive. — Why? Be- cause the action passes over to some other persou (or thing), the subject of that action. — Is /o?;e a regular or an irregular verb? A regular verb. — W^hy ? Because its; imperfect tense and perfect participle end in ed, — What mood ? The indi- cative. — Why? Because it simply declares or affirms. — What tense? The present. — Why? Because it relates to the present moment.— What number? The singiilar. — Why? Because it speaks but of one. — W^hat person? The first person. — Why? Because the person who speaks is always the first person ; the person spoken to is the second person ; and the person spoken of is the third. — What part of speech is him? A pronoun. — Of what sort? Personal. — Repeat the personal pronouns. /, thou, Sfc. — What person ? Third person? — What gender? The masculine. — W^hy? Because it relates to the male kind. — What number? Singular; be- cause it speaks but of one. — What case? The accusative. — Why? Because it receives the action of the verb, and answers to the question whom? or what? — What voice, mood, tense, number, and person, is love? The active voice, indi- cative mood, present tense, singular number, and the first person. Of Adverbs. An adverb is a word joined to a verb, an adjective, and sometimes to another adverb, to modify their actions or iM snHnmBiANM SPEIXINQ BOOK. 197 finalities; as, "he reads we//, 9^ truly good man, ho -writes vcri/ correctly.^* Some adverbs have degrees of coraparison like adjectivesj tiSjSoony sooner, soonest; and those ending in /y are compared hy more and most; as, bravely, more bravely, most bravely. The adverbs most frequently used are those that relate to time, place, number, order, quality, certainty, contingence, negation, explaining, separation, joining together, indication, interrogation, ex€ess, defect, preference, likeness or equality, unlikeness or inequality, abatement and exclusion. Those of time are; 7iow, to-day, yesterday, &c. Of place; where, here, there, 8i.c. Of number; ofwe, twice, Sfc. Of or- der ; lastly, first, ^c. Of quality ; well, ill, 6^x\ ('>f certainty; ti'uly, verily. Sec. Of contingence ; haply, perchance, &c. Of negation ; jiot, not at all, &c. Of explaining ; to wit, namely^ &c. Of separation ; apart, separately, &c. Of joining to- gether ; generally, together, &c. Of indication ; lo, behold, ffc. Of interrogation ; why, wherefore. Sec. Of excess ; very, much, &c. Of defect; almost, little, Sec. Of preference; rather, chiefly, SiC. Of likeness ; «o, «.v, «.9 ?/, &c. Of unlikeness ; otherwise, else, &c. Of abatement ; by degrees, scarcely, &c. Of exclusion ; only, S^c. Prepositions, Prepositions serve to connect words with one another, and to show their relation, situation, or the reference be- tween them ; as, *' he went from Peterboro', through Port Hope, to Cobourg." The following are the principal prepositions, namely, to, a^, before, against, about, without, between, among, within, for^ by, through, besides, except, after, since, until, behind, above, beyond, out, upon, ever, of, unto, on, from, with, in, into, Sfc. They are called prepositions, because they are generally placed before the words to which they refer ; as, " The kingdom of heaven is prepared /or the righteous." Conjunctions, A conjunction is used to connect sentences together, so as out of two to make but one sentence. It sometimes connects only words. There are two sorts of conjunctions, the copu- lative, and the disjunctive. The conjunction copulative serves to connect or to con- tinue a sentence, by expressing an addition ; as, " you and I h. 193 THE CANADA I ) Ip; j i •j- 5 ' ■ •.A*/'\7... ' - II * I' ■' '"l^fei#r'''_ , • H 1.^ ^* iVV^PVtJ' i^^^H i' "^^^^r?^^.?•lM;M K nni|^R|w^i5^j t ' & ■^■^^HLiJ^K'''^'-'^^ ' >• 9 H^^I^^^^K^^S ^^ ^mV ; J^^H^^H|s^.i«\vM ' I^^B^^^H^^^BM > ^ ijl ■■^ ■^•^^1 -»* 1 |i _'';,;■ ' " |i '^ ,•■ J T !■ 1 ■ ^ I . (J '■;. '' '• - -'y i" !■ i are healtliy, because we are temperate." The conjunction disjunctive not only connects and continues the sentence, but also implies an opposition or difference of meaning; as, ** Though I have often attempted to learn it, i/et I cannot succeed." The principal copulative conjunctions are, and, if, because, that, both, for, therefore, then, since, wherefore. The princi- pal disjunctive conjunctions arC; yet, notwithstanding, but, tfien, iliovgh, either, or, as, unless, neither, nor, lest, nevertheless. That is sometimes a pronoun ; for is sometimes a prepo- sition ; as, then, and sijtce, are sometimes adverbs. Corresponding conjunctions are such as answer to each other in the construction of a sentence; as, Though or although is answered by i/et, or nevertheless. Whether and either are answered by or. Neither is answered by nor. As is answer- ed by so. So is answered by as or that. For example — Al- though she is not young, yet she is handsome. Whether it were y.ou or I. It was either this book or that. It was neither the one nor the other. It is as white as snow. As with the servant so with the master. It is so obvious that I need not mention it. Interjections, An interjection is a word denoting any sudden affection or emotion of the mind ; as, " O, how delightful!^' The principal interjections are, ahl alas I 01 fie! hush! hail! behold! Exercises in Parsing, upon all the Parts of Speech, Praise the Lord, O my soul ! while I live will I s? g praises unto my God, and while I have any being. What part of speech is praise ? A verb, for it denotes something to be done.- — "What mood is the verb in ? The imperative, because it exhorts or commands. — What person? The second person singular, praise thou, or do thou praise. — What part of speech is the? A definite article. — Why is it definite? Because it points out a particular object — the adorable Creator. — What part of speech is Lord? Lord is here taken for the proper name of our great Creator and Preserver ; it is of the singular number, because it speaks but of one ; accusative case. — Why is it the accusative case? Because it follows the active verb /jraesc, and answers to the SPELLING BOOK. 199 word whom or v^hat — What part of speech is O ? An inter- jection. — Why is it an interjection ? Because it is inserted to express a sudden passion or emotion of the mind. — What part of i peech is my ? A possessive pronoun. — Why is it call- ed possessive? Because it implies possession or property. — What part of speech ' soul? A substantive common, of the second person, singular number, and the vocative case. — Why is it a substantive common? Because it belongs to all of a kind, for the vital or active principle of all mankind is called the soul. — How is it known to be in the vocative case ? Because it is called or spoken to ; hence it is also known to be in the second person, that is, do thou praise^ or raise up all thy affections to magnify his goodness. — What part of speech is wA//e ? An adverb. — Of what sort? Of time, and is equivalent to all the 1,p£, — What part of speech is /? A pronoun personal, nomiiativecase to live, first person (speak- ing of himself) singular number. — What part of speech is live? A verb neuter. — How do you know it to be a verb neuter ? Because it merely expresses being, meaning. As long as I exist will I praise the Lord. — What mood? Indica- tive mood which affirms; first person, singular number, pre- sent tense. — Will I sing, or / will sing ? /, as before ; will auxiliary verb, sign of the future tense ; will sing a compound verb, first future tense, indicative mood ; active. — What part of speech is praises? A substantive common, neuter gender, plural number, accusative case, because it comes after the active verb sing. — What part of speech is untof A preposition, shewing the relation of the two nouns, praises and God — What case has a preposition after it? The accu- sative case. Mj/? As before. — What part of speech is God? A substantive, (the same as Lord,) in the accusative case, being preceded by a preposition. — What part of speech is and? A copulative conjunction, because it joins. While . If The same as before.-— What part of speech is havef A verb active ; indicative mood, present tense, singular num- ber^ It is generally used as an auxiliary verb, but here it is a principal. — What part of speech is any^ An adjective; one of those which do not admit of comparison. — Why is it an adjective? Because it modifies the noun, denoting a par- ticular property belonging to it ; moreover, as it has no sub- stance of its own, it is dependent on, and inherent in the noun, and will not stand without it, either expressed or under- stood.— What part of speech is being? A substantive abstract, 200 THE CANADA 1. . i ' f 1 1 ,• H II Ul^ signifying existence, neuter gender, singular number, accu- sative case. — How do you know it is in the accusative case ? Because it follows Iiave^ and answers to the question whom or what} as, while I Jtave—what? Any being or existence* RULES IN SYNTAX. 1. Every nominative case, except the ease absolute, or "when an address is made to a person, belongs to some verb expressed or understood. 2. When a nominative case neither refers to a verb, nor is used in addressing, it is called absolute ; as, the door being open, I entered, 3. The accusative case is governed either by a preposition or by verbs and participles used transitively; as, "with me; lie hears me; loving meJ^ 4. The possessive case denotes the person or object of which some quality or possession is asserted ; as, ** John^s industry, Richard's book"; industry is the quality of John, and book is the property of Richard. 5. The possession or quality is sometimes understood ; as, " I called at the bookseller's," the possession shop being under- stood. 6. When possessives are connected by conjunctions, the apostrophic 's is annexed to the last only ; as, ^'^ David and Jonathan's friendship." But when any words intervene, the *6 is annexed to every possessive ; as, " He had the surgeon's as well as doctor's advice." 7. When a clause of a sentence, beginningwith a participle, is used to express one idea or circumstance, the noun, on which the circumstance depends, is put in the possessive case ; as, " What is the reason of William! s dismissing his servant so hastily ?" 8. When two nouns come together, signifying the same person or thing, the latter is in the same case as the former, by apposition; as, " Solomon the son of David, was king of Israel." Solomon, son, and king signify the same person, and are therefore in the same case. 9. Every adjective, and every adjective pronoun, belongs to a substantive, expressed, or understood ; as, ^^Jew are happy," that is *^ persons"; "the green,'' that is, ^tcolour ;'' "on the contrary," that is, " side," ber, accu- tive case? tion whom istence. SPELLING BOOK. 201 )SoIute, or lome verb verb, nor ioor being reposition '■ with me ; object of of John, stood; as, ng under- ions, the ^avid and |vene, the surgeon's [articiple, loun, on (ssessive ising his Ihe same former, king of person, [beloDgs few are :''"on 10. The pronoun adjectives, which have a plural form, must agree in number with their nouns ; as, this book, these books ; tliat sort, those sorts ; another "to2id, other roads. 11. Adjectives must not be applied as adverbs j as ^^rnise* ruble poor^"* instead of " miserably poor." 12. Double comparatives and superlatives should be avoided ; as, a " worser conduct ; the most straitest sect." 1 3. Adjectives that admit neither increase nor decrease of signification, cannot be compared ; as, right, true, universal, perfect, chief, circular, &c. 14. Personal pronouns have the same construction as the nouns for which they stand. 15. Personal pronouns are not employed in the same part of a sentence as the noun which they represent ; as, the king he is just. 16. The personal pronouns must not be used for these and those ; as, "give me them books;" instead of ^* those books." 17. The genitive its is improperly used for it is-, as, "*fo my book ;" instead of " it is my book." 18. The neuter pronoun it is applied to nouns and pro- nouns, whatever may be their gender, or number ; as, " it is 7:^, it is she, it is they, it is the boo/ts" 19. Each, every, either, agree with nouns, pronouns, and verbs of the singular number ; each follows his own pursuit j every tree is known by its' fruit. 20. Either is used improperly instead of each; "the King of England, and the King of France, sat either of them on his throne." 21. When two persons or things are spoken of in a sen- tence, and there is occasion to mention them again, that is used in reference to the former, and this in reference to the latter. •* I prefer summer to winter ; that is warm, this is cold." 22. Every relative relates to an antecedent expressed or understood, with which the relative must agree in person, gender, and number; / who speak, thou who lovest, the dogs which bark. 23. If a nominative does not come between the relative aiid verb, the relative shall be the nominative to the verb ; as, he who speaks little is wise. 24. If a nominative come between the relative and verb, the relative is governed by some word in its own member of the sentence ; as, God, whom we worship, by whose gift wc live, and by whom all things are made, is eternal. 202 THE CANADA : ' i ill! h I'' u 25. When the relative is preceded by two nominative cases of different persons, the relative must agree with the latter ; / am the person who writes to you. 26. As is often used as a relative ; " they are such comforts (25 we can obtain; the conditions are as follow." (In the first example, as is the objective after obtain; in the second, as is the plural nominative to follow.) 27. In grave writing, the relative should not be omitted; as, the God wJiom we worship ; not the God we worship. 28. The pronoun that is iised in preference to who or which, 1. After an adjective in the superlative degree, as, "it was the best that I could procure." 2. After the word same, as " the same that I saw yesterday." 3. After who used in a question, as " who that has any sense of duty would act thus?" 4. "When persons make but a part of the antecedent, as, " the men and things that he has seen." 29. When the relative who follows than, the relative must be in the objective case ; as, " Alfred, than whom a greater king never reigned." 30. A verb agrees with its nominative in number and person ; as, " I pursue, he plays, the trees fall." The nomi- native is known by putting the question who? or whatf with the verb; as, "John reads." Who reads? John. 31. Nouns are of the third person when spoken of, and the second when spoken to. 32. The infinitive mood, or a part of a sentence, is often put as the nominative to the verb ; as, to walk is pleasant, to view the charms of nature is pleasant. 33. When two or more nominatives in the singular number are connected by the conjunction and, expressed or under- stood, the verbs, nouns and pronouns which refer to them, must be in the plural number ; as, " Socrates and Plato were wise, they were eminent philosophers" 34. If the singular nominatives which are joined together by and, be of different persons, in making the plural pronoun j>^ee with them in person, the second takes place of the third, and the first of both; as, "James, and thou, and I, are attached to our country.'* " Thou and he shared it between yoM." 35. When two or more nominative cases singular are con- nected by the conjunctions or, nor, either, neither, the nouns, pronouns, and verbs, which refer to the nominatives, must be in the singular number* as, "fear or jicalousy prevails; neither power nor wealth avails." ■fii»nwiBi SPELLING BOOK. 203 iV" iber ^der- lem, rere kther loun the are icon- mns, lUSt ills; 36. When singular nominatiTcs of different person or numbers are joined by or, either, nor, neither, the verb must agree in number with that nominative which is placed nearest to it ; " he or his brothers were there ; neither you nor I am concerned." 37. The infinitive mood is known by the sign to, and may depend upon verbs, participles, adjectives, or substantives ; as, ^^ I desire to learn, desiring to learn, desirous to learn, a desire to learnt 38. The sign to is omitted after hid, dare, need, make, see, hear, feel, let, and a. few others; as, *'I bade him do it; ye dare not do it ; I saw him do it ; I heard, him say it ; thou lettest him go." 39. The infinitive mood is often used independently of the rest of the sentence; as, *Ho confess the truth, /was in fault." 40. Transitive verbs govern the objective case; as, "I love him, God rules the world." 41. The auxiliary let governs the objective case ; as, "let me go." 42. Participles take the nature of adjectives; "mew pro- fessing to be wise, became fools"; professing agrees as an adjective with the noun men. 43. The participle is employed as a noun. "I am tired with walking, i. e. with the walk ; his being wounded, i. e. his wound, was the cause of pain." 44. When the participle in ing has an article before it, it is followed by of; "by erson after them ; as, " O mr ! Oh me! Ah me! but the nominative case in the second pcr- fion; as, "0 thou persecutor! Oh ye hypocrites!'' spelli>;g book. 205 Abbreviations commonly used in Writing and Printing, A. B. or B. A. (^ar-tl-cum bac- ca-lau-re-us. Bachelor Arts. A. D. (ail no Dom'-in-i,) In the year of our Lord. A. M. iiiii'te me-rid^ -i-em.) — Before noon. Or (an-no mun'-di.) In the year of the world. A. U. C. (an-nour-bis con-di tcp.) In the year of Rome. Bart. Baronet. B. D. (bcic-ca-Iau -re-US div-in- i-ta-tis,) Bachelor of di- vinity. B. M. (bac-ca lau-re-us med-i- S-nce.) Bachelor of medi cine. Co. Company. D. D. {div-in-it-a -tis doc -tor J) Doctor in Divinity. Do. (Ditto.) The like. F. A. S. (fra-ter-ni-ta' -tis an- ti-qua-ri-o'-rum so'-ci-us.) — Fellow of the antiquarian society. F.L. S. (fra-ter-ni-ta'tis Lin ne-a'-nce so'-ci-us.) Fellow of the Linnean Societ}^ F. R. S. (^fra-ter-ni-tatis re' gi-cB so-ci-us.) Fellow of the royal society, F. S. A. Fellow of the society of arts. Ibid, (ib-i-dcm.) In the same place. I. e. (id est,) That is. ofllnst. Instant, (or, Of this month.) Knt. Knight. K. B. Knight of the Bath. K. G. Knight of the Garter. LL.D. (le-gumlatarum doc-tor.) Doctor of laws. M. D. (med-i-ci-nce doc-tor.) — Doctor of medicine. Mem. (me-men -to.) Remem- ber. M. B. med-i-ci-nce bac-ca-laU' re-US.) Bachelor of medi- cine. Messrs. or MM. Messieurs, or Misters. M. P. Member of parliament. N. B. (no-ta be-ne.) Take no- tice. Nem. con. or Nem. diss. nem-i-ne con'tra-di-cen-te, or Nem-i-ne dis-scn-ti-en-te.) — Unanimously. No. (nu-nie-ro.) Number. P. M. (post me-rid'-i-em.) Af- ternoon. St. Saint, or Street. Ult. (ul'-ti-mo.) Last, or of last month. V. R. ( Victoria regina), Vic- toria, queen. Viz. (Vi-det-i-cet.) Namely. &c. (et cet-e-ra.) And so on. And such like, or. And the rest. 206 THE CAIIADA FIGURES AND NUMBERS. Arabic. Roman. Arabic. Roman. One 1.. I Twenty-one 21 XXI Two 2 II Twenty-five 25 XXV Three 3 Ill Thirty 30 XXX Four 4 IVForty 40 XL Five 6 V Fifty .. 50 L Six 6 VI Sixty 60 LX Seven 7 VII Seventy 70 LXX Eight 8 VIII Eighty 80 LXXX Nine. 9 IX Ninety 90 XC Ten 10 XOneliundred 100 C Eleven 11... XI Two hundred 200 CC Twelve 12 XII Three hundred .... 300 CCC Thirteen 13 XllI Four hundred 4C0 CCCC Fourteen 14 XIV Five hundred 500 D Fifteen 15 XV Six hundred 600 DC Sixteen 16 XV I Seven hundred .... 700 DCC Seventeen 17 XVII Eight hundred .. ..800 DCCC Eighteen 18 X VI Hi Nine hundred ... .900 DCCCC Nineteen 19 X I X| One thousand ....1000 M Twenty 20 XXJ One thousand e;ght hundred and forty. 1840. MDCCCXL. ARITfilJfIC:TI€Al4 TABI^ES. Pence Table. 1 • s. d. s. d. 12 pence are 1 90 pence are 7 ( 20 - - - 1 8 96- - - 8 (• 24 - - - 2 100- ^ - 8 4 30 - - - 2 6 108- - - 9 ( 36 - - - 3 110- - - 9 i 40 - - - 3 4 120- - - 10 ( 48 - - - 4 130 - - - 10 1( 50 - - - 4 2 132- - - 11 t| 60 - - - 6 140- - - 11 8 70 - - - 5 10 144- - - 12 C 72 - - - 6 180- - - 15 C 80 - - « 6 8 200- - - 16 ^ 84 - - - 7 240 - < - 20 C Midtiplication Te^le. Twice 2 are 413 times 2 are f | 3 6 3 £ 4 8 4 15 5 10 5 If 6 12 6 18 7 14 7 21 ' . 8 16 8 24 9 18 9 27 10 20 10 3( 11 22 11 3: n 24 12 3Ci 4 times 5 times 6 times 2 are 8 3 15 4 11 6 2( 6 24 7 2h e 35 9 3« 10 4( n 44 12 4P 2 are 10 3 n 4 2( 5 2f 6 30 7 35 8 4( 9 4f 10 5f 11 5f 12 6( 2 are 15 3 18 4 24 5 3f 6 3( 7 42 ) times 7 times S times 8are 48 9 54 10 60 11 66 12 72 2 arc 14 3 21 4 ?.8 5 35 6 42 7 49 8 m 9 63 10 70 11 77 12 84 2 are 16 3 24 4 32 5 40 6 48 7 56 8 6-1 9 7'2 10 80 11 88 12 oa X • 6PELLING BOOK. 207 lan. CXI XV XX XL . L LX XX XX xc ..c cc :cc . 1> DC DCC CCC ccc ...M are 48 54 60 66 72 are 14 21 28 35 42 49 5G m 70 77 84 lareKJ I 24 32 • 40 48 56 ; 64 I 72 I 80 88 I m times 2 pre 18 U times 3 37 4 36 fi 45 6 54 7 63 8 72 9 81 10 90 11 99 2 are 221 3 33 12 108 10 times 2 are 2U 12 times 3 30 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 are 24 French Long Measure* 1 2 lines make I inch 1 2 inches . . . i foot 6 feet - - - - 1 toise 3 toisc'S - - - - 1 perch 10 perches - - - 1 arpent 84 arpynts - - - l league 40 60 60 70 90 10 100 11 110 12 120 3 36 4 48 5 60 6 72 7 84 8 96 9 1C8 10 120 11 132 12 144 English Square Measure. 144 square in. make 1 square foo« 9 square feet • 1 square yard 100 square fe^t 30^ square yards 1 perch 40 perches - - 1 rood 4 roods - - - 1 acre ( 1 square of floor- t ing or roofing Troi/ Weight. 24 grains make \ pennyweight 20 pennyweights 1 ounce 12 ounces - - 1 pound French Square Measure, 144 square in. make 1 square foot 36 square feet - I square toise 9 square toises 1 square percli 100 square perches 1 arpent Apothecaries^ Weight. 20 grains make 1 scruple 3 scruples - - 1 dram K drams - - - 1 ounce 12 ounces - - 1 pound Avoirdupoise Weight 10 drams make 1 ounce 16 ounces -• - - 28 pounds - - 4 quarters - - 20 hundred - - 1 pound 1 quarter 1 hundred weight 1 ton English Cubic Measure. 1728 cubic in. make 1 cubic foot 40 feet of rough timber 1 1 ton or V 50 feet of hewn timber ) load 42 feet make 1 ton of shipping French Cubic Measure. 1728 cubic inches make 1 foot 216 cubic feet - - 1 toise 128 feet, viz. 8 feet long, 4 feet high, and 4 feet thick, make 1 cord of wood. English Long Measure, 3 barleycorns make 1 inch 12 inches - - - 3 feet - 6 feet - 5^ yards 40 poles - 8 furlongs 3 miles - 1 foot 1 yard 1 fathom 1 pole or perch 1 furlong 1 mile 1 league 60 Geographical, or ) 1 degree of a 69|^ English miles ) great circle Cloth Measure. A nails make 1 quarter 4 quarters - - - 1 yard 5 Quarters • . - 1 English ell Wine Measure. 4 gills make 2 pints ... 4 quarts > . 63 gallons . . 84 gallons . . 2 hogsheads . 2 pipes - - - 1 pint 1 quart 1 gallon 1 hogshead 1 puncheon 1 pipe or butt 1 tun Ale and Beer 2 pints make 4 quarts - . • 9 gallons . - • 2 flrkins - - - 2 kilderkins - - 1^ barrel - - - 2 hogsheads - • Measure. 1 quart 1 gallon 1 firkin 1 kilderkin 1 barrel 1 hogshead 1 butt V • SOS THE CANADA pints quarts gallons pecks bushels quarters wpys - Dry Mcature, make 1 quart 1 gallon peck - - - 1 - - - 1 bushel - - - 1 quarter - - - 1 wey - - - 1 last Minot (tf Canada. 96 French cubic inches 1 Paris pot 20 pots ----- 1 minot Commercial Xumbcrs. 12 articles of 4\ny kind 1 dozen Time, CO seconds make 1 minute CO minutes - - - 1 hour 24 hours - - - 1 day 7 days - - - - 1 week 5 ''5^ days - - - 1 year Tliirty days are in September, April, June, and in November; February has twenty-eight alone, And nil the rest have thirty-one: Now sum them up, and let me hear. How many days are in a year. Note. — Every fourth year, one day fs arfa'i'd io February. 13 do. 12 dozen • 20 articles 5 score G score ■ 3 doz. ' • 24 shee 20 quires • 2 reams • 1 long dozb 1 gross 1 score hundred great 100 1 - - - 1 irchment 1 roll cf - - 1 quire - - - 1 r('am - - - 1 bundle OJ Books. The largest size is — Folio, which contains 2 leaves in a sheet fol. Quarto, 4 leaves or 8 pages Alo Octavo, 8 do or IG do 8i>o Duodecimo 12 do or 24 do \2mo Octodecimo 18 do or 36 do 18».'o 60 thirds 00 seconds 60 minutes 30 degrees 12 signs - Asir¬ny. make 1 second - - - 1 minute - - - 1 degree - - - 1 sign - - - A great circle 4- PivSf sign of addition — Mlnvs,^*^ of subtraction X IniOf " of multiplication -i- 7?y, " of division = Equal : ; : : Proportion PRACTICE TABI^EN. Aliquot parts of a Pound, Shilling, §r. Of a Pound, s, d. i 10 = 6 8 = 5 = 4 = 3 4 = 2 6 = 2 = 1 8 = 1 4 =- 1 3 = 1 =- = * 1 2 Of three-penee, 1 = SPELLING BOOR. 20; z& K) n a fll, to Imo ^V!0 ion Of a Ton. Cf't. qr. lb. 10 5 4 2 3 12 2 2 2 1 ton. = J _1 10" 1 ^0 Aliquot parts of a Ton, Cu% Qr, ^r. Of a Qr. I fh. qr. ♦ — 4 4 = I 2 = A 1 == "TTT ry a Ctrt. (yr. /ft. CV't. 2 = * 1 - 4 16 = 1 14 = 1 8 1 = IT 7 = tV 2li Of a ox. 8 ■■ 4 ■■ 2 : 1 : Pound. lb. *' —^^^9 — • 210 THE CANADA A MOilNING HYMN. iw (^TunCf ^^ Derby y^ in the ** Sacred ITarmoni/f''^ compiled hij A. Dav'uistmJ) Awake, ray soul, and with the aun Thy daily stage of duty run : Shake off dull sloth, and early rise, To pay thy morning sacritice. Redeem thy mis-spent moments past, And live this day as if the last ; Thy talents to improve take care; For the great day thyself prepare. Let all thy converse be sincere, Th}' conscience as the noon-day clear; For God's all-seeing eye surveys Thy secret thoughts, thy words and ways. Wake, and lift up thyself, my heart, And with the angels take thy part; Who all laight long unwearied sing High glory to th' eternal King. Praise God, from whom all blessings flow; Praise him, all creatures here below; Praise him above, ye heavenly host; Praise Father, Son, »:nd Holy Ghost. AN EVENING HYMN {Tune, ^^ Evening Hymn" Glory to thee, my God, this night For all the blessings of the light : Keep me, O keep me, King of kings. Beneath thine own Almighty wings ! Forgive me. Lord, for thy dear Son, The ill that I this day have done; That, with the world, myself, and thee, I, ere I sleep, at peace may be. . SPELLITQQ BOOK. 211 y Teach me to live, that I may dread The grave as little as my hed; Teach me to die, that so I may Rise glorious at the awful day. O let my soul on thee repose! And may sweet sleep mine eyelids close; Sleep that shall mc more vigorous make. To serve my God when I awake. If in the night I sleepless lie, My soul with heavenly thoughts supply; Let no ill dreams disturb my rest, No powers of darkness mc molest. FAMILY RELIGION. (^Tune, ''Portugal;' or ''Fort Hope:') Father of all, thy care we bless, "Which crowns our families with peace: From thee they spring ; and by thy hand They are, and shall be still, sustained. To God, most worthy to be prais'd, Be our domestic altars rais'd ; "Who, Lord of heaven, yet deigns to come» And sanctify our humblest home. To thee, may each united house. Morning and night present its vows; Our servants there, and rising i*ace, Be taught thy precepts, and thy grace. So may each future age proclaim The honours of thy glorious name ; And each succeeding race r^«oove To join the family above. ! 1% m Jul' 11 i 212 THE CANADA PRAYERS FOR EVERY DAY IN THE WEEK. Sunday Morning, Almighty and eternal God, we desire to praise thy holy name, for graciously raising us up, in soundness of body and mind, to see the light of this day. We bless thee in behalf of all thy creatures ; for the eyes of all look unto thee, and thou givest them their meat in due season. But, above all, we acknowledge thy inestimable benefits bestowed upon mankind in Christ Jesus. We are ashamed, O Lord, to think that ever we have dis- obeyed thee, Avho hast redeemed us with the precious blood of thine own Son. O may we agree with thy will in tlie time to come; and may all the powers of our souls and bodies be dedicated to thy service. Help us, we beseech thee, to love our neighbour as ourselves ; and as we would that others should do to us, do even so to them; to live peaceably, as nmch as lieth in us, with all men ; to put on the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit ; and when we suffer as Christians, not to be ashamed, but to glorify thee our Gcd in this behalf. And accept, good Lord, of all the praises of all thy people met together this day. O that thy ways were known upon all the earth, thy saving health among all nations. Let our gracious Queen, especially, be a faithful subject of the Lord ^ Jesus, the King of kings, and Lord of lords ; and may her Representatives, who are placed in authority over us, be influenced and directed by wisdom from above. O that thy priests may be clothed with righteousness, and thy saints rejoice and sing; that all who are in distress may trust in thee, the health of their countenance and their God. O Lord, hear us, and make thy face to shine upon thy servants, that Ave may enter into thy gates with thanksgiving, and into thy courts with praise ; that we may be thankful unto thee, and bless thy name. All we ask is for the sake of Jesus Christ, our only Saviour and Redeemer. Our Father, who art in heaven. Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation ; but deliver us from evil, for thine is the kingdom, the power and glory, for ever and ever. Amen. SPELLING BOOK. 213 , be thy of # Sunday Evening. O Lord our God, thou art infinitely good, and thou hast shewed us what is good. Thou sendest out thy light and thy truth, that thev may guide us, and makest plain thy way before our face. Thou givest us many opportunities and advantages, to quicken and further us in thy service. — "VVe have line upon line, and precept upon precept; thy messengers early and late to open and apply thy word, to call and warn, to direct and exhort us, with all long-suffer- ing. But how little have we improved all the precious talents which thou hast put into our hands ! O Lord, thou niightest justly take away the Gospel of thy king^lom from us, and give it unto another people, who would bring forth the fruits thereof. Because thou hast called, and we refused, thou hast stretched forth thy hands and we have not regarded, thou mightest leave us to our own perverseness and impeni- tence, till our iniquities become our ruin. But, O Lord God, enter not thus into judgment with thy servants. Pardon all our contempt of thy word, and our not profiting thereby. And help us for the time to come better to improve the blessed opportunities set before us. — As the rain descends from heaven and returns not thither, but waters the earth and maketh it fruitful ; so let not thy word return unto thee void, but prosper in the work where - unto thou sendest it. O make it effectual to build us all up in the true fear and love of God, and in the right knowledge and faith of our Lord Jesus Christ. In mercy pass by all which thy most pure and hi;ly eyes have seen amiss in us this day. Forgive the iniquities of our holy things ; overlook all our sins and failings through our great Mediator and Redeemer, who ever lives at thy right hand to make intercession for us. And for Jesus Clirist, and all which thou art pleased to give us together w ith him, not unto us, O Lord, but unto thy name be all the praise, and honour, and glory, humbly ascribed by us, and all thy Church, now and for evermore ! Our Father, &c. ' Monday Morning, Wk humble ourselves, O Lord of heaven and earth, before thy glorious Majesty. V-^e acknowledge thy eternal powe ', ? it ill 214 THE CANADA "wisdom, goodness and tnith; and desire to render thee most unfeigned thanks, for all the benefits which thou pourest upon us ; but, above all, for thine inestimable love, in the redemption of the world by our Lord Jesus Christ. We implore thy tender mercies in the forgiveness of our sins, whereby we have offended either in thought, Avord, or deed. We desire to be truly soiry for all our misdoings, and utterly to renounce whatever is contrary to thy will. — And as thou dost inspire us with these desires, so accompany them always with thy grace, that we may every day give ourselves up to thy service. And we desire, thou knowest, the good of all mankind, especially of all Christian people ; that they may all walk worthy of the Gospel, and live together in unity and Chris- tian love. For which end we pray that all Christian Kings, Princes, and Governors, may be wise, pious, just and mer- ciful, endeavouring that all their subjects may lead peaceable lives in all godliness and honesty; and more particularly that our Sovereign, Queen Victoria, with Prince Albert, may be blessed with a religious, quiet, long, and prosperous reign; and that aH in authority, under her, may seek, in their several stations, to right the oppressed, to comfort the affli<>.ted, to provide for the poor and needy, and to relieve all those that are in misery. Bless all our friends, relations, and acquaintances, that we may all live in perfect love and peace together, and rejoice together at the great day of the Lord Jesus ; in whose holy words we sum up all our wants : Our Father, &c. Monday Evening, Almighty and most merciful Father, in whom we live, move, and have our being ; to whose tender compassions ^re owe our safety the day past, together with all the comforts of this life, and the hopes of that which is to come: we praise thee, O Lord, we bow ourselves before thee, acknow- ledging we have nothing but what we receive from thee. Blessed be thy goodness for our health, for our food and raiment, for our peace and safety, for the love of our friends, for all our blessings in this life, and our desire to attain that life which is immortal. mmm rmmrn 8FELL1NG BOOK. 215 thee irest the our i, or ings, ill.— pany give kind, walk 'hris- Lings, mer- leahle alarly Libert, )erovis ek, in rt the elieve itions, e and of the v^ants : e live, ons vTis )mforts ne; "we 3ki.0W- hee. od and friends, iiu that Renew in us, we beseech thee, a lively image of thee, in all righteousness, purity, mercy, faithfulness, and truth. — O that Jesus, the hope of glory, may be formed in us, in all humility, meekness, patience, and a surrender of our souls and bodies to thy holy will ; that every one of us may be able to say, the life I now live in the flesh, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for me. To thy blessing we commend all mankind, high and low, rich and poor, that they may all faithfully serve thee, and contentedly enjoy whatever is needful for them. And espe- cially, we beseech thee, that the course of this world may be so peaceably ordered by thy governance, that thy Church may joyfully serve thee in all godly quietness, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Our Father, &c. Tuesday Morning. O MOST great and mighty Lord, the possessor of heaven and earth, all the angels rejoice in blessing and praising thee, the Father of spirits ; for thou hast created all things, and in wisdom hast thou made them all, and spread thy tender mercies over all thy works. We acknowledge, with shame and sorrow of heart, that we deserve not the smallest of thy mercies, for we have often offended thee. But thou hast graciously declared thou wilt be found of them that seek thee, and that them that come to thee thou wilt in no wise cast out. then, may we all come with penitent and believing hearts that we may receive large supplies of thy Holy Spirit to make us new creatures. And O that all men may be duly awakened to a concern for spiritual and divine things. Stir up especially the minds of all Christian people to follow the truth as it is in Jesus, and exercise themselves to have a conscience void <^f offence towards God and towards man. Bless these Provii jes, and endue our Sovereign with such excellent wisdom that we may see many good days under her government. O that true religion, justice, mercy, brotherly kindness, and all things else that are praiseworthy, may so flourish among us, hat we may enjoy the blessings of peace and plenty, and there may be no complaining. in our streets. 216 THE CANADA I } ii We commend to thee all our friends and neighbours, all the poor, the sick and the afflicted, and we beseech th v com- passion for all who are strangers, and in distress. O God, whose never-failing providence ordereth all things, both in heaven and earth, keep them and us from all hurtful things, and give us such things as are profitable for us in time and eternity, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Our Father, &c. Tuesday JEcenlng, . Almighty and everlasting God, the Sovereign Lord of all creatures in heavon and earth, we acknowledge that our being, and all its Qomforts, depend on thee the Fountain of all good. We have nothing but what is owing to thy free and bounteous love, O most blessed Creator, and to the riches of thy grace, O most blessed Redeemer. We implore thy pardon for all that thou hast seen amiss in us, during the day thai we are now concluding. \N'e confess that we are exceedingly prone to leave undone the things Wiiich we ought to do, and to do the things which thou hast prohibited. O be merciful to us and bless us, and cause thy face to shine upon us that we may be saved. — Increase every good desire which we feel already in our hearts; let us always live as becomes thy creatures, and the disciples of Jesus Christ. And the same mercies that we beg for ourselves, we desire for the rest of mankind. O that all wl o are seated on the throne may be tender-hearted, as the parents of their country; and all their subjects may be dutiful and ol edient to them, as their children ; that the Pastors of thy Church may feed tlieir flocks with true wisdom and understanding, and the people all may submit unto them, and follow their godly counsels ; that the rich may have compassion on the poor and miserable ; and all such distressed people may bless the rich, and rejoice in the prorperity of tlose that are above them. Give to husbi.nds and wives, parents and children, masters and servants, the gr. ce to behave themselves so in their several relation^, that they may adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour in all thinas, and receive of him a crown of glory. Our Father, &c. SPELLING BOOK. 217 •s, all com- God, oth in hings, le and T, &c. ord of at our ain of y free to the aniss \Ae ne the which IS, and ved. — in OLir tnd the I desire on the >untry; I them, ly feed ,nd thsj ' godly le poor [ess the I above lildren, s so in ;rine of crown Wednesday Morning. O God blessed for ever, we thank and praise thee for all thy benefits, for the comforts of this life, and our hope of everlasting salvation in the life to come. We desire to have a lively sense of thy love always possessing our hearts, that may still constrain us to love thee, to obey thee, to trust in thee, to be content with the portion thy love allots unto us. and to rejoice even in the midst of all the troubles of this life. Lord, we confess with sorrow of heart, that we deserve not the least of all thy mercies. We are too apt to forget thee and all thy goodness ; and though our necessities compel us to pray to thee, yet Lord we are too ready to forsake thee. Do thou grant us forgiveness, and the assistance of thy Holy Spirit, that we may cleave to thee in righteousness, in lowliness, and purity of heart. Let thy mighty power enable us to do our duty towards thee and towards men^ with care, diligence, and zeal, ptuI perseverance to the end. Help us to be meek and gentle in our conversation, prudent and discreet in ordering our affairs, observant of thy fatherly providence in every thing that befalls us, thankful for thy benefits, patient under thy chastisements, and readily disposed for every good word and work. Bless our gracious Sovereign, and her illustrious consort, with her counsellors and ministers, and her representatives in these provinces. BUss all employed in public business, whether spiritual or civil, that whatever they do may be for thy glory, and the public good. Be gracious to all who are near and dear to us, and keep us all in thy fear and love, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Our Father, &c. Wednesday Evening^ O Lord, how manifold are thy works ! in wisdom hast thou made them Till. The' day is thine, the night also is thine ; thou hast prepared the light and the sun. We render thee thanks for all the benefits which thou hast bestowed on us, and the whole world. We approach thee in the Saviour's name, and relying on the merits of his atoning blood, for of ourselves we are utterly unfit to appear in thy presence. We thanlv thee for 218 THE CANADA providing a new and living way, whereby we can have access to thee. And we humbly beseech thee to command thy blessing on us who are now bowed at the footstool of thy mercy seat, O that thou wouldst bless us indeed, and preserve us from evil. May we flourish as the cora, and gi-ow as the vine,— may we be as trees planted by the rivers of water, which bring forth their fruit in due season. O let every sinful propensity be totally destroyed, and be graciously pleased to establish thy kingdom in our hearts. Remember all those who have done good unto us, and reward them seven-fold into their bosom. Grant forgiveness and charity to all our enemies ; and continue good will among all our neighbours. Support the sick with faith and patience ; assist those who are leaving this world. Receive the souls thou hast redeemed with thy Son's precious blood, and sanc- tified by the Holy Ghost ; and give us all a glorious resur- rection and eternal life. Our Father, &c. TTiursday Morning. O Lord thou art the hope of all the ends of the earth. — Upon thee the eyes of all wait, for thou givest untj all I'fe, and breath, and all things. Thou still watchest over us for good ; thou daily renewest to up our lives, and thy mercies ; and thou hast given us the assurance of thy word, that if we commit our affairs to thee, if we acknowledge thee in all our ways, thou wilt direct our paths. Preserve us, we beseech thee, from all ignorance, hardness of heart, and contempt of thy word and commandments. — Save us from the delusions of the devil, or of our own evil hearts. Let us never fancy we shall get to heaven, while we have not entered on the path that will conduct us thither. C> may we never lose sight of the declarations of thy holy word, that we must be bom again — that old things must be done away and all things become new. Raise us, we beseech tlice, from a death in sin to a life of righteousness, and enable us all to-say from happy experience, that as far as the east is from the west, even so far hast thou removed our ijins from us. Thou hast laid help for us upon One that is mighty, that is able to save unto the uttermost all those that come unto God through him. Put thy spirit within us, causing us to 8PKLLIKG BOOK. 219 walk in thy statutes, and to keep thy judgments, and do them, O gracious Father, keep us, we pray thee, this day in thy fear aad favour, and teach us, in all our thoughts, words, and works, to live to thy glory. If thou guide us not, we go astray ; if thou uphold us not, we fall. Let thy grace, O Lord Jesus, thy love, O heavenly Father, and thy com- fortable fellowship, O blessed Spirit, be with us this day and for evermore. Our Father, &c. that Thursday JSvetting^ O Loud our God, thy glory is above all our thoughts, sXnd thy mercy is over all thy works. \Ve are still living nionumenis of thy mercy ^ for thou hast not cut us off in our ?>in,s^ but still givest us a good hope, and strong consolation through grai^L\ Thou hast sent thy only Son into the world, ^hiit whosoever believeth in him should not perish in his »sing, but have everlasting life. O Lord, we believe; help our unbelief; and give us the true repentance toward God, and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, that we may be in the number of those who do indeed repent, and believe to the saving of the soul. Being justified by faith, let us have peace with God, through our Lord Jesus Christ. Thou knowest, O Lord, all our temptations, and the sin that doth so easily beset us. Thou knowest the devices of the enemy, and the deceitf'jlness of our own hearts. AVe pray thee, good Lord, that thou wilt arm us with the whole armour of God. Uphold us with thy free spirit, and watch over us for good evermore. Let our siupplications also ascend before thee for the whole race of mankind. ]3e gracious to this our land. O do thou rule all our : :ilers, counsel all our counsellors, teach all our teachers, and order all the public affairs to thy glory. And now, O Father of mercies, be pleased to accept our' evening sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving. O that thou wouldst imprint and preserve upon our hearts a lively sense of all thy kindness to us ; that our souls may bless thee, and all that IS within us may praise thy holy name. Our Fa- ther, &c. p2 220 TUB CANADA Friday Morning, O Lord God, merciful and gracious, long suffering and abundant in goodness and truth ; thou keepest mercy for thousands; thou pardonest iniquity and transgression and sin. How excellent is thy loving kindness, O God! The children of men shall put their trust under the shadow of thy wings. And therefore do we still look up t3 that boim- tiful hand, from whence we have received all our good things. O Lord our God, he favourable unto us, as thou usest to be unto those that love thy holy name ! O look not upon the sin of our nature, nor the sins of our hearts and lives, which are more tha» we can remember, and greater than we can express. It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed — because thy compassions fail not. O God, be merciful unto us miserable sinners, for his sake whom thou hast exalted to be a Prince and a Saviour, to give repentance unto thy people, and forgiveness of sins. Be merciful, O God, be merciful unto our souls, which have greatly sinned against thee. O heal our backslidings, renew us to repentance ; establish our hearts in thy fear and love ; and establish our goings in thy way, that our footsteps slip not. And now that thou hast renewed our lives and thy mercies to us this morning, help us to renew our desires and resolu- tions and endeavours to live in obedience to thy holy will. O restrain us from the sins into which we are most prone to fall, and quicken us to the duties we are most averse to perform; and grant that we may think, and speak, and will, and do, the things becoming the children of our heavenly Father, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Our Father, &c. Friday Evening, O Lord, thou wast before all, thou art above all, and thy years shall not fail. Thou art the searcher of our hearts ; thou knowest the dullness and hardness, the vanity and deceitfulness of them. We were born sinnei , and so have we lived. We have added sin to sin ; we have abused thy great and manifold mercies, tempted thy patience, and despised thy goodness; and justly mightest thou have cast us into outer darkness, where is wailin^*? and gnashing of teeth. 8FELLING BOOR, 221 But of Uiy loving kindnesses there is no number. Thou still callest us to return to thee ; and whosoever cometh to thee, thou wilt in no wise cast out. O meet ns with thy heavenly grace, that we may be able to come to thee. Be thou graciously pleased to stretch forth thy hand, and loose the chains wherewith our souls are entangled. O free us from every weight of sin, and from every yoke of bondage. O help us to feel and bewail, and forsake all our sins ; and let us never want the comfortable assurance of thy forgive- ness of them, thy acceptance of us, and thy love to us, in the blessed Son of thy eternal love. Continue thy mercies to this sinful land; teach us at length to know thy will concerning us ; and O turn thou all our hearts unto thee as the heart of one man. Bless the Queen, and Prince Albert ; and grant unto all Magistrates, and Ministers of thy word, every needful blessing. Be thou a father to the fatherless, a husband to the widow, a refuge to the oppressed, a physician to the sick, a helper of the friendless, and a God of consolation to the sorrowful and distressed, and to thy name, O blessed God of our salvation, be all praise, glory and honour ascribed now and for ever- more. Our Father, &c. Saturday Morving, We present ourselves before thee, O Lord our God, to pay our tribute of prayer and thanksgiving ; desiring thee mercifully to accept us and our services through Jesus Christ, In his great name we come to beg thy pardon and peace, the increase of thy grace, and the tokens of thy love ; for we are not worthy of the least of thy mercies ; but wor- thy is the Lamb that was slain to take away the sin of the world. O teach us to know thee our God, and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent ; and enable us to do thy will on earth, as it is done in heaven. Give us to fear thee and to love thee, to trust and delight in thee, and to cleave to thee with full purpose of heart, that no temptations may draw us or drive us from thee ; but that all thy dispensations to us, and thy dealings with us, may be the messengers of thy love to our souls. Quicken us, O Lord, in our dulness, that we may not serve thee in a lifeless and listless manner; but may *\ 222 THE CANADA abound in thy work, and be fervent in spirit, serving the Lord. And make us faithful in all our intercourse with our neighbour, that we may be ready to do good and bear evil, that we may be just and kind, merciful and meek, peaceable and patient, sober and temperate, humble and self-denying, inoffensive and useful in the world; that so glorifying thee here, M'e may be gloritied with thee in thy heavenly kingdom. Our Father, ikt'. Saturdai/ Enning, O THOU liigh and holy One, that inhabltest eternity, thoU art to be feared and loved by all thy servants. AH thy works praise thee, O Cu)d; and we especially give thanks unto tliee, for thy marvellous love in Oirist Jesus, by whom tiiou hast reconciled the world to thyself. Thou hast givea us exceeding great and precious promises 5 thou hast scMled them with his blood, tliou hast confirmed them by his rcfeuf- rection and ascension, and the coming of the Holy Ghost. O CJod, purify otir hearts, that AVe may entirely love thee, and rejoice in being beloved of thee; that we may confida in thee, and be lilled with constant devotion toward thee.--- Let us use this Avorld as not abusing it. Keep us from being wise in our own :onceit. Let our moderation be known to all men. Make us kindly alfcctioncd one to another; to delight in doing good ; to show all meekness to all men ; to render to all their dues; tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom, fear to whom fear, honour to whom honour, and to owe no man any thing, but to love one another. And help us to pray alv.ays and not faint ; in every thing to give thanks, and offer up the sacrifice of praise continually; to rejoice in hope of thy glory; to possess our souls in patience, and to learn in whatsoever state we are, therewith to be content. Bless these provinces, and give ns grace at length to bring forth fruits meet for repentance. O Lord, save the Queen, and establish her throne in righteousness. Bless all who are in authority under her, and over us; may they be a terror to evil doers and a praise to them that do well. And all we ask is through the merits of Jesus Chiist our Lord. Our Father, &c. SPELLING BOOK. 223 ' A Prayer on entering Church. Let the words of my mouth, and the meditations of my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, O Lord! my streuLnh, and niy Redeemer. Amen. Before kavinij Church. O Lord, may tlie words I have heard be treasured up in my memory, and duly influence my practice, through thy Sou our Saviour Jesus Christ. Amen. Grace before Meat. Blessed be thy name, O Lord, for this and every in- stance of thy goodness. Sanctify us to thy service, through Jesus Christ. Amen. Grace after Meat. For these, and nil his other mercies, God's holy name ba- blessed and praised, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. General directions in order to the leading a Christian life. Begin every day with God, and go not out of your Chamber before you have performed your bounden duty of prayer and praise. Walk all the day long in the fear of God. "Wherever you are, or whatever you are doing, remember that the eye of God is upon you. ] Shun idleness, in whatever station of life you are, and know, that it is the part of a wise man to have always some- thing to do. Avoid the common but odious vices of slander and tale- bearing ; strive to live in peace with all men, and to cultivate a meek, cour'eous, and benevolent disposition. Speak the truth on all occasions without dissimulation ; be sincere and upright in all your conversation ; for he only is a Christian indeed, in whom there is no guile. In all your concerns with others, be they little or much, let this be the constant rule and measure of your actions, namely, to do unto others as you would they should do unto you. 224 THE CAITADA 8PSIJJNO BOOK. In every time of trouble think upon God and his gracious promise, that all things shall work together for good, to them that love and serve him. If you are a householder, call your whole family together, at least every evening, to join in supplications to Him, in whom thty live and move, and have their being. If you are a child or servant, endeavour to be always within at the time of family prayer. Never lay yourself down to rest before you have prayed in private, and recommended yourself to the l>ivine pro- tection. Always say grace before and after meals. Whether you eat or driukf or ivftatever you do, do all to the glory of God. Directions for the Lord's Day* Be sure to spend the Lord*s Day well — take care to avo' 1 the sinful practice of fishing or fowling, or otherwise trans- gressing the divine command, to ''''Remember the Sabbath day to keep it h(Jy.^* Make your children and servants go with you to your place of worship ; and take care not to come late to church ; be always there, if possible, before divine service begins. — Be sure not to loiter about the church door. Avoid the too frequent custom of sitting at the time of prayer — this evinces the greatest want of consideration — always kneel or stand. Do not give way to sleep or wan- dering thoughts* After divine service, spend the remainder of the day in reading religious books, and recollecting what you have heard at church. THE ElfD. ^ f**