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Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la darniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: la symbols —^ signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN ". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. Tha following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmis A des taux da rAduction diffArants. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 4tre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est filmA k partir da Tangle supArieur gauche, d« qaucha k droite, et de haut en bas, en pranant la nombra dimagas nAcassaire. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mithode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^ (lyyazt/uvest CoUectio/v CANADA NORTH-WEST LAND COMPANr LIMITED. MAP OF MANITOBA AND THE. NEW SrORTH WEST TERRITORY t\ i .1 BL '^ THE Cdpada |1orth-^e^t Lapd Copipapy, LIMITED. J^ PRACTICAL HAND-BOOK FOR M^Utt^mM^ AND THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES, CONTAINING 3mportant 3^^f^^^"^^^'^^^ f^^ 3"^^"^^"^ Settlers. -4- COMPILED BY W. B. MACDOUGALL. LONDON : BLADES, EAST & BLADES, PlUNTEllS, 23, ABCIIUllCll LANE, E.C 1883. t l-H*« <> 'iy vjm)p ri C2-35' ►<5 @cn t c It 1 o. jri^cXu»L>\> ••« ••• ••• ■•• ••• ••• A Land of Plenty — The Canadian North- West General Debcription of the Country Prairie w. Forest. — General Features Soil and Productions jyL8iI*K6l'S ••• •■• .•• ••• ••• ••• Settler's First Expenses Profits of Farming in the Canadian North- West Climate and Seasons The Canada North- West Land Company Practical Information ... Municipalities. — School System. — Churches. . . Form of Government. — System of Survey ... Government Lands Wood and Coal ... ... Stock Kaising Testimony of One Hundred and Fifty-Three Far The Canadian Pacific Railway When and How to go to the North-West Advice about Sailing ... Who should Come. — Time to Emigrate Dominion Government Emigration Offices ... Ocean Fares and Best way to Reach Canada About Buying Tickets... During the Passage Money Practical Suggestions ... Luggnge What to Take Important Cities, Towns and Villages Postal Matters , List of Post Offices Recapitulation Time Tables Through Distances Conclusion ^ , mers PAGK 3 7, 8 10, 11 • ■ • 12 • • • 13 14- -16 • • • 16 • ■ • 18 • • ■ 20 22, 23 23, 24 • ■ ■ 26 27, 28 ■ • • 28 • • • 30 • ■ ■ 32 • • ■ 33 • « • 33 34, 35, 36 87, 38 1 • • 38 .. 3!) . 4(1 .. 41 .. 42 .. 42 44 .. 45 .. 48 48—55 .. 66 .. 58 60 62 <).! li p AGE 3 • • • 4 • • • 5 ... 7 , 8 10, 11 ... 12 • • • 13 u- -16 • • ■ 16 • - • 18 ■ ■ • 20 22, 23 23, 24 26 27, 28 • • . 28 • • • 30 • • • 32 • • • 33 • • • 33 34, 36, 36 87, 38 1 • • 38 3!) 40 • • • 41 • > ■ 42 * • . 42 44 • • • 45 48 48- -55 • • • 66 * . ■ 58 . . . (iO 62 <) ■•A* PREFACE. -^ Tke object of this pamphlet is to direct attention to the '* Great Fertile Belt " of the Canadian North-West, which is now being rapidly peopled by emigration from many parts of the Globe, but more especially from Great Britain, the older Provinces of Canada and the United States. We present in these pages, besides a general description of the country, its climate, resources and capabilities, a useful miscellany of practical information which will aid the calculations of prospec- tive and intending emigrants, investors and travellers, and direct them while journeying to the far west. The Canada North-Wcst Land Company, who place this little work in the hands of those interested, have purchased from the Canadian Pacific Railway Co., 5,000,000 acres of the Railway Com- pany's Land Grant in the North-Wcst, and half of the Railway Company's interest in the sites of all the towns and villages located during construction and within one year of the completion of the Railway from Winnipeg to "the Pacific Coast on the main line of the Railway between Brandon in TJanitoba, and the Eastern Boun- dary of British Columbia, a distance of over 800 miles ; with the intention of reselling the same. Powers necessary to assist emigra- tion and colonisation are contained in the Articles of Associabion. The lands purchased by this Company are for the most part adjacent to the main line of the Railway and in the fertile i)lain8 of Southern Maiiitolia. One of the conditions of the C. P. R. Land Grant is that the land must be fairly tit for settlement and this of course also applies to the lands of the Canada North-West Land Company. For further information than this work contains, application may be made to the agencies and olUces of the Company. U;})?."! ■^ <> ■^ T. <> MANITOBA AND THE NOUTH-WEST. <> wc6t is, ill round uuiii1k3v,s, 1,'JOO Eugiish miles, mid its length from soutli to nortii is 1,500, giving tlie innnense area of 1,800,000 s(|uare miles. The conLineiita! jtositioii (jf this vast department iiieludes the eountry between 49*^ and 70° north latitude. In the south it stretehes from OiY' to lir)*-' west longitude, aiul in the north from 90^' to 140" west longitude. Ly to table If the ORD LORD LORNE : '' THe Province isa grrcen sea over wliicli the summer winds pass, laden with the scent of rich grasses and flowers, ancf over this vast extent it is only as yet here and there that a yellow patch shows some grigantic \vheat fleld ." I^cncral* pcocviptioix of tl)c i§ountvj>. Britain popula- nilli(m a greater I to the ce throe territory powerful I east to ''This beautiful laud of vast proportions invites the hnsl»andman to its virgin soil, iiud certainly the day is not hir MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. Witli truth may it be attiriiied that these dominions offer to the ag'riculturalist measureless fields for pasture and tillage ; to the merchant vast marts for the profitable traffic in every product of the earth ; to the manufacturer an incalculable extension of the home market for the disposal of his wares ; to the capitalist an almost interminable extent for the profitable investment of his funds, and to thn induslrioun and mlclUymt cmhjranl an immense area of a grand country where every species of mental ingenuity and 11 luual labour may l)e developed and brought into action with advantage to the individual and the whole family of man. There is an inexhaustible i)i'ofusion of cereals and root crops ; plentiful supi)lies of timber ; large areas of coal and bitumen, iron, copper, gold and other minerals; wild fruits of many varieties; incalcul- able riches from the lap of abundance. The rapid construction of the trans-contineiUiil railway, which has rcaclu'd a |)()int (lOO miles west of Wiunipcg, (he formation of powerful liind ('(impiinies, who will use every ellbrt to induce emigrn- tion and settle tlu-ir lands, and the lilierality of the (^madian (Jovernnient, all tend to the early setiltuieut of the country, which now, in its infancy, possesses enterprising cities, towns and villages, iind pros|)crous cumnuinities and settlements. The progress o( the North- West iluriiig the past two or tiirce years has Iteen something extraordinary, and wholly unequalled in the history of the country. Tpwards of 2(i,U(H> emigraiitK arrived from the United Kingdom idone in 1H82, and the indications arc I hilt these figures will be largely exceeded in Ish;}. LORD MILTON ftaid: '* A» an agTioultural country its advantapos can hardly bo surpassed. Tho oUmato i8 milder than that of tho same portion of Canada whioh llos within tho same latitude. Oereals of almost overy dosorlption flourish, even under the rude cultivation of the half-breeds." BUI Tl Hi <> —■— W <> ^\'aivic t)s. ^orcr»t. The very great advantage of our western prairie country as a field for settlement lies in the combination it offers of open and wood lands, the full advantage of which would be best appreciated by those who have cleared a farm in a wooded country. A great deal has been said of the advantage of the supply of wood for fuel, fencing, etc., afforded by wooded countries, but this is invariably greatly over-estimated. As to fencing, wire has come so largely into use all over the continent that wooden fences are being replaced by wire, even in thickly-wooded districts, especially along the line of railways ; and what still further reduces the ad\antage8 in this respect of wooded as compared with prairie country, is the fact, that, in the early settlement of the latter, herd laws are always enforced. As to fuel, the most important consideration, there are throughout the North-West Territory, besides a fair proportion of wood, immense beds of lignite coal, a su])ply of fuel for ever, which places the Territory in a far better position than would at first glance be supposed. The settler in a wooded country spends fifteen or twenty of the best years of his life clearing his farm, say a hundred arreSt while the prairie farmer breaks the ri(!h virgin soil the first season, sows a crop, and the second year is making his farm pay. At the end of five years, with moderate capital to commeiuie ui)oii, with moderate industiy, and without serious hardHhij), he could have two Inmdrfd and Jiff}/ arrcH under cultivation. Besides this relief from heavy toil, and time lost in clearing, there is another advantage which lies at the door of the i)rairie farmer, and that operates greatly in his favour — this is the infinite jibundanoe of rich grass for summer and winl^u* food for his cattUs with which ho is surrounded. The new settler can have, from the first day of his settlement, as many cattle, horses, etc., as it may suif his means to purclmso, for his pasture and meadows arc already in abundance before him. 8 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-Wi'ST. and in some localities in the North-West cattle can even find the chief part of their winter food for themselves. Writing of what he saw in Manitoba, Hon. Mr. Seymour says : — " I saw thousands and thousands of acres of wheat, clearing 40 bushels to the acre, weighing 63 and (55 pounds to the bushel, and was assured by undoubted authority that, on Peace River, 1,200 miles north-west of where I was, wheat could be produced in immense (j^uantitics equal to the best I saw in Winnipeg, while great herds of cattle were being fed without cost on as line grassy land as the world affords." CAPTAIN PALLISER said: It is a physical reality of the highest importance to the interest of British North America that this* continuous belt can be settled and cultivated li jm a few. miles west of the Lake of the Woods to the passes of the Rocky Mountains." ^)C\x \- a r ^: c d I u V c V. . We are strongly of ()j)inion that altogether too much is fjioken and written about the labour and liardshi})S of the emigrant or settler when he comes lirst to this country. No doubt he must work, lie need, not expect to llnd a Garden of Eden ready made to his hantls. Mere, as in every other part of the world, labour is tlio condition of life and of success. But wo emi)liatically deny that the labour is arduous, or the privations to bo endured excessive. In fact, (!oinpared with what hundreds of thoUHands of our country- men have undergone in the older provinces of the Dominion, they anj mere child's play. In those days tlio forest had to be cleared away. Trees, numy of them two or three feet in diameter and over one hundred teet high liad to be cut down and burned. Besides, > /*" '■^^ <> MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 9 it took years before the ground could be freed from stumps, and then the labour recommenced, for in many cases great deposits of stones had to be removed, and the soil ditched and drained. But with the exceptions of the last point mentioned, and this only in some localities, none of these difficulties have to be encountered in Manitoba and the North-West. Here is a vast prairie country ready cleared for the settler's occupation. All he has to do is to pitch his tent, or build a shanty until he has time and means to erect a more substantial building— to plough the sod over, then re-plough it, sow his seed, harrow it, and wait for the crop. If he is a poor man, he of course must not expect to fare sumptuously every day But the necessaries of life are cheap enough and easily pro- curable, and any man or family that has to live for a year or so on pork, bread, beans, potatoes and tea, when they have the land beneath them, a rain-proof roof over their heads and the assured prospect before them, and that at no distant date, of comfortable independence, perhaps affluence, are n(jt to be pitied. Game is plentiful, and dui'ing the proper seasons the pioneer's bill of fare may with little etibrt be made even luxurious. One of the greatest trials that the emigrant associates with removing to a new and strange country is the breaking up of home and social ties. He is too apt to regard it as a kind of evil. But this trial, in the great generality of cases, is merely imaginary. It is astonishing how (quickly new and friendly associations are formed in this country. There is a reciprocity of kindne^s ind assistance wiiicli almost universally prevails ; and in a few wecjks the settler may make as friendly and valnable relatioiisas any he possessed in his native land. So nnich is this the case that in a few years lie has no desire to return to his old home, except for a temporary visit. BLODQETT said: *' Tho basin of tho Winnipeg is the seat of tho greatest average of wheat product of the American Continent, and probably the world." T '^• 10 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. Soil* an6 lS*ro6ucfiono. The soil of Manitoba, so far as is known, is as rich as any in the world. It is a black loam, varying in depth from one to three feet. The sub-soil is generally clay, and largely impregnated with the warm lime element. So rich and enduring is its nature that manuring has so far been altogether unnecessary. Heavy crops of wheat have, in some parts of the Province, been taken for fifty years in succfission off the virgin soil. The productions of such a soil will at once be recognised by any practical agriculturist. Wheat, the great staff of the world's food, is essentially its prime and most prolific product. The average yield of wheat to the acre is unprecedented in any other part of the cultivated world. Thirty bushels to the acre is computed to be the average, but it must be borne in mind that as yec agriculture is only in its infancy in this count!', so that even this enormously large yield may reasonably be expected to be increased by the advance of scientific culture. And the quality of the grain is unsurpassed by any that has ever been raised. Owing to the natdre of the soil it is of a firm, nutritious, gritty nature, and rubs clear, hard, and plump in the hand. But every kind (-f cereal can be grown to great advantage. Oats, barley bDd rye gi\e largo returns. Barley is said to be an excellent alternative with wheat, and yields a weight per bushel of 50 to 55 pounds. From an interesting little pamphlet issued by the Canadian Pacific Railway (company, and compiled by Mr. Alex. Begg, we take the following important facts and figures relating to productions, markets, settlor's first expenses, profits of farming in the Oanudian North- West, etc. Tlie statements made may be relied upon, and can bo verified by the undoubted testimony of those who have settled in the country. o M: Ai 80' ei CI <>- M^- ""v •* PRODUCTIONS. The following tables, taken from official sources, will show at a glance the average yield of crops during the last five years in Manito})a : — 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. Wheat 26f Oats 59| Barley 40f Peas 32 Eye 30 Potatoes 304 Then compare the above figures witli the yield in «orao of the American States and British Colonics, as taken alno from official sources : — WHEAT. Minnesota, average yield per acre 17 bushels. Wisconsin Pennsylvania „ 261 261 291 80 59f 58 57| 59 36 37§ 41 40 34 32:^ 38^ 38 30 40 40 35 30'^ 302 318 320 Massachusetts „ New Zealand Australia »> >> »> )' 14 i> 15 j> 16 »» 17i »> 11 >» BARLEY. Minnesota, average yield per acre 25 bushels. Wisconsin Iowa Ohio Indiana Illinois »> OATS. Minnesota, average yield per acri Iowa „ „ ,, Ohio >» >> dl\J 22 19 19 17 37 bushels. 28 »> 28 M NOTis. — The cost of brcakii''^, ploughing, sowing, and harvesting i» eatimated, on good antliority, at from A2 4h. to £2 16s. pur acre, which, of coarse, includes thu settler's own labour and that of Iuh family. ^>. •O <> 12 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. "g^arlict A». t" Small centres of trade are continually springing into existence wherever settlements take place, and these contain generally one or more stores where farmers can find a ready market for their produce. The stations along the line of the Canadian Pacific Kailway are not more than eight or ten miles apart, and it is the intention of the Company to facilitate the erection of elevators for the storage of wheat, etc., enabling farmers to dispose of their grain at good prices almost at their doors. A glance at the map demonstrates that Manitoba vid the Canadian Pacific Railway will have closer connection with the seaboard than Minnesota, Dakota, or any of the more western States now have with New York ; so that the export of grain from the Canadian North- West at remunerative prices is assured. The very large influx of people, and the prosecution of railways and public works, will, however, cause a great home demand for some years, and for a time limit the quantity for export. Prices of produce are very fair, as may be seen by the following market report, published in the Winnipeg Free Press, August 31, 1882 : Wheat 3.9. 2d. to 3s. 4^. per bushel. Oats — „ 3 „ Potatoes 4 „ 5 „ Butter — ,,13 pcrlb. Eggs — „ 1 4 per dozen. An acre of land in Manitoba at above prices will realise — In wheat £5 2 In oats 8 11 £13 13 An acre of land in Minnesota at the same prices will realize — In wheat £2 17 10 In oats 3 11 £6 8 10 Or, ill oi-lior wonLs, the fanner in Maniiobu can alVord to sell his grain lil'ty per cent, cheaper than tiie Minnesota fanner and sLili lie UK welt oil', the pricey of labour in the two countries being about et|ual. H i r <> .■«** <> 4 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 13 ■f* i On leaving for the Canadian North-West a settler should burden himself with as little luggage as possible. He can purchase every- thing he requires at reasonable prices in Manitoba, and obtain articles better suited to the country than anything he could bring with him. The following is an approximate estimate of his first outlay in a moderate way : Provision for one year, say £50 Yoke of oxen 37 One cow 7 Waggon 16 Plough and harrow 7 Sundry implements : 5 Cooking-stove, with tinware 5 Furniture, etc., say 12 Sundry expenses, say 10 £149 To the above must be added first payment on land, unless he takes a homestead and pre-emption ; but an energetic man will find time to earn something as an offset to a portion of his first expenses, either on the railway or bj working for neighbouring farmers, and in addition to this there is the chance of obtaining a partial crop the first year. A settler, therefore, who can boast of having £500 on his arrival in Manitoba is an independent man, and cannot fail to succeed with ordinary care and energy. Many settlers on arrival cannot boast of a tenth part of that sum, and yet they succeed. sell - ./t\ . ■*^7* •5 >^ 14 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. "profits of gfarnttn^ in t^e @ana6tan •i- In the following calculationg every care has been taken not to over-estimate what can be done with prudence, perseverance and enerjry : FIRST YEAR. Expenditure of settler with family of, say five, for provisions, etc., one year £50 One yoke of oxen 37 One cow 7 Breaking plough and harrow 7 Waggon 16 Implements, etc. •• 5 Cook-stove, etc., complete 5 Furniture 12 Sundries, say 10 Outlay for first year £149 At the end of the year he will have a comfortable log house, barn, etc., cattle, implements, and say twenty acres of land broken, rejidy for seed. SECOND YEAR. Will realise from twenty acres — 600 bushels of grain at 80 cents £06 Expenditure, say 60 To the good, besides living £36 And he will have an additional twenty acres of land broken. ^ 1 ^\f 'V J* '" <> o MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. lo THIED YEAR. Forty acres will give him 1,200 bushels of grain at 80 cents £192 Expenditure, including additional stock and imple- ments 100 To the good, besides living £92 And he will, with his increased stock and other facilities be able 10 break at least thirty acres. FOURTH YEAR. Seventy acres will give him 2,000 bushels of grain at 80 cents £335 Less expenditure for further stock implements, and other necessaries 120 To the good £215 And another thirty acres broken. FIFTH YEAR. One hundred acres will give him 3,000 bushels of grain at 80 cents £480 Less same expenditure as previous year 120 To the good „ £360 At the (Mul of the iiftli year lie will siand as ftjllows : <'a^^ll or its txpiivaiout ou hand £703 Ifoiist' and barn, low appraisal 50 Stoirk, iiuluding cattle and horses 120 Machinery ;ind fjirni implements, 50 per cent, of cost, say 40 l*'uniiture, k^v 30 £943 -^cn^^tB of Ifjcaiu^nr.. Very miHtakcn ideas jjrcvail in the Old Country as to the climate of the Canadian Ndrth-Wost. Kvery oxtremo of hunlHhip is UHSociatcd with it by many people. Nothing is further from the fact. No doubt there are conditions of decided heat in Summer and cold in Winter. Tim thermometer will sometimos range 90 in '^ I:! °^ a' ■I <> 1 00 00 o S5 4^ MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 17 the shade in Summer and 30 below zero in the Winter. But these extremes will continue for only a few days at u time out of 365. The dry and bracing atmosphere moderates all extremes. Damp and fog are almost unknown. Such a thing as a Scotch mist is a phenomenon. The Winter is considered most enjoyable, though each season has its pleasures, and it is this variety, combined with the muiny sky and pure healthy air which constitutes the great charm of the climate. April brings Sjjring and sowing time, and June ushers in the Summer. An almost tropical climate then succeeds during which vegetation is most rapid. July is the hay, and August and early part of Sei)tembor the grain harvest. Then follow two months of delightful Autumn weather, and Winter generally sets in about the middle of November. The average de])th of snow is about eighteen inches, and from the general absence of high winds it seldom accumulates in drifts, so that capital roads are the common condition of winter travelling. The farmer then drives his grain or hay to market, lays in his stock of fuel, and does all the heavy drawing for the year. The cattle graze on the j)rairie all winter, and except during the "cold spells " require no shelter. There is one ol .iracteristic of the climate which is phenomenal to the country ; we liave said that the dryness of the atmosphere mitigates, in fact almost neutralizes, the severity of the extreme cold, so also in Snnimer the hif/h temperainrc ia yeniUred (juilo henrnhh In/ fm/mnf and hmrij showers. Tiiese also keep the soil moist and fertile, in fact throughout the whole extent of the North-West we meet with none of these arid desert wastes which lie in immense blocks in the same meridians South of the parallel of 41)^'. In con- secpienco of these conditions (he climaU! of Manitobn iiiid theNorth- Wost is one of the healthiest in the world. Fevers, eonHum|)tion, and epidemics generally, are ahnornnd to Ihe eounlry,nnd prevail only ill couHeipience of accident, carelessness, and reckless exposure in the subjects themselves. "^z" ^ a If 18 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. The lands owned by the North-West Land Company (5,000,000 acres), are situated in the greatest wheat-growing country in the world. ADVANTAGES OF SETTLING UPON THEIR LANDS. Altliough the Cnniidinn Government j>ives a lond fide settler a liuuK'stead of 160 acres free, and allows him to pre-empt an additional 100 acres, for Avhich he pays %2M) jier acre a^. the end of three years, he only receives this grant for actual settlement, and the bes*; sections within the railway belt (24 miles each side of the read), for GOO miles west of Winnipeg, have been already taken up. There are no settlement duties required of a purchaser of lands from the Canada Nortu-West I^and Company, and the value of their sections is constantly being enhanced by the settlement and cultiva- tion of the (Jo vernment grants. Settlers on Free Grants desirous of enlarging their farms are already purchasing largely of the (V)mpany's lands adjoining their own. The Company oilers for sale choice farming lands, distiibuted throughout the most fertile and (lesirable ])art.s of Manitoba and the Canadian North-West. T'ho sections comprise 1, 11), 18, 21, 25 und 8J* in railway lands within the railway lu'lt, and all Canadian INoipk^ IUilway Lands south of the railway belt-, comprising Southern Manitoba, Souris, and Moose Mountain districts. Those lands extend over an immonso area of excellent conntry, and they include such a diversity of line agricultural soil that an almost unlimited selection is offered, which cann(»t fail to meet the retpiirements of all settlers, wliother they intend to follow stock, grain, or mixed farming. ••<)• i Land n the d. CIXXX}, 5. settler a mpt an tlie end out, and 3 of the iken up. ids from Df their cultiva- iesirouB of the for sale /ilo and Tlio witiiin )B HOUtll 'iw, and nnieiiHO (»f line [, which T they Tlie terms, as will be seen by the advertisements elsewhere in this publication, are of the most liberal character, the lands being placed in the market from 20s. per acre upwards, one-sixth casli, balance in five equal annual instalments, with interest at six per cent, per annum, ])ayal)le in advance. Purchasers of Town akd Village Lots ark offered a liberal rebate for building. Those who toil a^aiinst overwhelming odds to restore the lost vitality of impoverished farms, should remember thaf. thousands of acres of the richest \irgin soil is offered at reasonable prices in a country where the success attending agricultural pursuits has become famous throughout the world, and is attested by the evidence of tliose who have made the experiment, and are enjoying the results of their enterprise. The Company's lands are well situated, fertile and productive, many of them in the midst of thriving settlements and within easy access of churches, sciiools, and markets. Intending settlers will act wisely in carefully examining the lists to be found in the offices of the Company before deciding upon a permanent location. Towns and villages, which will become the trade (Hintres and markets for the surrounding settlements, are springing uj) all along the line of railway. They are usually eight to ten miles apart. Lauds purcluused a few years ago at 58. per acre are now worth from £i to £'ii, and in choice locations higher i>rices have l)een realized. These figures do not refer to siHcially valuable sections in the vicinity of rapidly growing towns, but to lai^d purchased for purely agricultural purposes. The returns nuwie by the Hudson's Bay Company, who sold between Sc|)tcnil)er, 1881, and May, 1882, 300,1 r»0 atTes, show an average price of £1 Ds. or $7.26 per acre. Persons emigrating to the North-West now, will have great advantages over those who go later, iw the rapid stittlement of the country, with consequent cultivation and other improvemeuts will cause a general increase in the price of land as comjiared witii present figures. I) 2 <> "4>' 20 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. During the past season (1882) 44,000 Immi- grants arrived in Manitoba, with an aggregate of $10,000,000 (£2,000,000). The Canadian North-West, including Manitoba, is now recognised as the Great Wheat and Grain- Producing Country in the World. The Lands of the CANADA NORTH-WEST LAND COMPANY are situated in the most desirable parts of this fertile Country, and are offered at Low Prices, without Settlement or Cultivation Conditions. '5P\*acticaL* J^jtfovntation. A settloi' in Manitoba may comnieuco on comparatively small capital ; that is, en()U}j:li to build one of the inexpensive houses of the country, to buy a yoke of o;»cen and a plou<^h, his seed grain, and sufficient provisions to ena])le him to live for one year, or until his first crop comes in. With a little endurance at first, from this jxiint lie may attain to a position of plenty and independence. On the other hand, a settler ni^.y tafce with him to Manitoba or the North-West Territories considerable capital, and invest it in largo farming ojierations, either in wheat-growing or stock raising, both of whicli ho will probably find very [irofitablo. The settler from older countries slutuld be careful to adapt himself to those methods which experience of the country has proved to bo wise, rather than try to employ in a new country those practices to which he has been acouBtomed at homo. Kor instance, with respect to ])loughing, or, as it is called, "breaking " the prairie, the method in Manitoba is (piito dirterent from that in the old country. The prairie is covered with a rank vegetable nrowth, and the (pieHtion is how to Bubdue this, and so make the land available for farming [turposcs. ■^ i ;# ■^ w- ■^1 [mmi- ite of )ba, is jrrain- ids of >ANY f this *rices, IS. y small )USt!8 of trmiii r^r^ Experience has proved that the best way is to plough not deeper than two inches, and <'irn over a furrow from twelve to sixteen inches wide. It is especially desirable for the farmer who enters early in the Spring to put in a crop of oats on the first breaking. It is found by experience that the sod pulverizes and decomposes under the influence of a growing crop quite as effectually, if not more so, than when simply turned and left by itself for iiat purpose. There are also fewer weeds, which is of very great importance, as it frequently happens that the weeds which grow soon after breaking are as difficult to subdue as the sod itsqlf. Large crops of oats are obtained from sowing on the first breaking, and thus not only is the cost defrayed, but there is a profit. It is also of great importance to a settler with limited means to get the croi) tlie first year. One mode of this kind of planting is to scatter the oats on the grass, and then turn a thin sod over them. The grain thus buried quickly finds its way through, and in a few weeks the sod is perfectly rotten. Mr. Daley, near Bigstone City, in the vicinity of Bigstone Lake, sowed ten acres of oats in this way. He put two bushels and m peck to an acre. In the full he harvested 420 bushels of oats, which he found to be worth enough to pay for the breaking and give him $75 besides. This is a practical reported experience. There is also testimony from other farmers to similar effect. SIR ROSE PRICE.—** I can now substantiate from personal observation, all I have seen written about the country." Mr. PETER REDPATH of Montreal.- *' The most sanguine anticipations as to the future of the country will bo realised. 4^ '1 SBurcBco. Nearly all denominations exist and are in a flourishing condition, and where a settlement is not large enough to support a regular church there are always visiting clergymen to do the duty. "glBc §?ovnt of oVi^cvnincnt Is practically the freest in the world. The people are the source of power. There is no hereditary aristocracy to bind society in class traditionalism. We have constitutional government — the most easy and rational arrangement between Republicanism and Monarchy — and every household has the franchise. The taxes are much lighter than in the other Provinces, in fact are such a mere nominal thing that they are not worth taking into account in an intending settler's calculations. MR. GUNN, of GLASGOW— "I believe that this portion of Canada has an immense future before it." PROF. GOLDWIN SMITH- "The land of im- measurable promise." <> 24 ■4 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. OATH OF ALLEGIANCE REQUIRED BY THE UNITED STATES. ►istrict. >i District Court, Judicial District. VState of. County of I, , do swear that I will support the Constitution of the United States of America, and that 1 do absolutely and entirely Renounce and Abjure for ever all Allegiance and Fidelity to every Foreign Power, Prince, Potentate, State or Sovereignty whatever, and particularly to Queen Victwia of Great Britain and Ireland, whose subject I was. And further, that I never have borne any hereditary title, or been of any of the degrees of Nobility of the country whereof I have been a subject, and that I have resided within the United States for five years ln,st past, and in this State for one year last past. Subscribed and sworn to in open Court 1 this ^ay of 18... J '"* Clerk. No man can take up United States (rovernment land unless he is prepared to subscribe to the above oath. gllk *i>nv»tcut of ,5i^itvxHn). The Canadian North-West is laid off in townships six miles square, containing thirty-six sections of 640 acres each, which are again subdivided into (ju.irter sections of 160 acres. A road \ y*' '<> -i^fam*-^ <> 'HE jport the at 1 do llegiance State or of Great b I never grees of d that I ast, and !lerk. S8 he is miles ch are road 4* -t; u Oi f, oi a. H H CO ■~5>»*.^ al se se 12 7, Ci fo; ] wi th) Nc <> MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 25 allowance, having a ^"Ldth of one chain, is provided for on each section line running north and south, and on every alternate section line running east and west. '..; : N W 31 32 3:i 34 35 3(; 30 29 28 27 2() 25 19 20 '11 22 23 24 18 17 10 15 14 13 7 8 o 10 11 12 U 5 4 3 2 t E S The sections are apportioned as follows : — Open for Homestead and Pre-emptions. — Xos. 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, SO, 32, 34, 36. Belonging to the Canadian Pacific Railway. — Nos. 3, 5, 7, 15, 17, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35. Sold to the Canada North-west Land Company by the Canadian Pacific IUilway. — Nos. 1, 9, 13, 21, 25, 33. Hudson Bay Company's Lands. — Nos. 8, 26. School Sections. — Nos. 11, 29 (reserved by Government solely for school purposes). REV. DR. POTTS : '' I am profoundly impressed with the oountry. I iDelieve the wildest dreams that have ever been conceived regarding* this great North-West are bound to be realized." <> 26 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. ■^VlT* (S)ov>cvittttcnt c^a^t6o, Homesteads, Pre-emptions and Wood Lots. A " homestecad," which is limited in extent to a farm of 100 acres, is a free gift from the Government on condition of three years' actual residence and cultivation ; but a i)re-cmption entry, giving- the ri^ht of priority of purchase at a future period of an additional tract of 160 acres, is also allowed to each homestead settler, who may fulhl the obligations attaching to the homestead q^rant. A settler must commence residence within six months after entry, and may not absent himself from his homestead for a longer period than six months without special leave from the Minister of the Interior, to obtain which the application should set forth in plain terms the grounds upon which the indulgence ia asked. The affidavit of the applicant would lend weight to his representations of the circumstances. Only the vven-nvmhered sections of a township can be taken up as homesteads and ])re-em|)tions. Settlers in townships where wood is scurtHi, or altogether wanting, are allowed to ])urehase " wood lots " not exceeding twenty acres in size, out of timbced land, in some adjacent locality reserved for the purpose. The price of wood lots is $5 per acre. Scttlera arc strictly forbidden to dispose of wood from oiT their homesteads, pre-emptions, or wood lots (pnn'ious to issue of patent) to saw-mill ]»ro|)ri('tor8 or any person other than an actual settler for his !fwn use. Breach of this condition entails forfeiture of entries f^r ,dl three, with other ])enalli(>8. While he faithfully perionuK the homestead conditioiiH a settler enjoys the full rights of projM'ielnrship. even previous to receiving patent. Non-fullilmenb of conditions, however, renders the entries of ]u)mestead, pre-emption, ami wood lot, sultjeot to cancellation. K>< <> ■^ MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 27 the right to hold the two latter claims being entirely contingent on actual performance of homestead obligations. On cancellation all improvements become forfeited to the Crown, and the ex-holder is prohibited from making a second homestead entry. The title of all lands remain with the (Vown till after the patent is issued. Unpatented lands are consequently not liable to seizure for debt, nor do they afford any security for ol)taining credit or loans. In case a settler dies, the law allows his executors to fulfil the deceased's homestead obligation, that the estate may be secured to his heirs. Any man over eighteen years of age, or any woman who is the solo head of a family, may take up a homestead ; but if a citizen of a foreign country, such settler is required to become a liritish subject, by naturalization, jmn'ious to issue of patent, which can be done under the law on conipleticm of his (tr her three years' residence on the homestead. WOOD. Although there are sections where wood is scarce, as a general rule there is a well regulated Hiipply througliout the country. The plains abound with wood in clumps ; and in other jiurts there are tnuits of forest so evenly interspersed that farnierK can g(^uerally obtain a good wood lot in close proximity to their prairie farms, besides which the numerous rivers are invariably lined with wood on each bank. Elder, oak, elm, maple (hard and soft), basswood, cottonwood, pojjlar, willow, whit(^ and red cedar, birch spruce, white; ash, tamara(?k, cherry, balsmn, ash, pine and other varieties are found in groves and in detached cliimits all over the country. During the sumnuM' of \HHi\ the railway will ei\tor the forests of the Rocky Mountains, whicih contain some of the linest timber in the world— Hurticient to supi)ly thj prairie region of the North West with lumber for all time. This, i^ouplod with the development of ^)^ <> 28 MANITOIJA AND THE N0RTH-AVE8T. the coal district, will ensure a plentiful supply of clieap fuel and tiral)er. COAL. Coal is found ab(j\e Edmonton and for some distance below that point ; it has also been discovered on the Saskatchewan and Souris Rivers, and every indication points to the fact that it exists in larj^e (piantities. Re(;ent tests have also shown that it is well adapted for the use of locomotives. In the Arthabaska district and in other parts of the ( ^madian North-West large deposits are known to exist, the (piality being suitable for domestic purposes. In addition to this, the opening of the Canadian Pacific Railway to Thunder Bay, on Lake Superior, will novy enable coal to be imported and sold in the Canadian North- West us cheaply as it is in the Western States of America. g>tocl\ 'SHai^in^. Manitoba and the Canadian North-West are destined to bo among the leading stock-raising C(»untrie8 in the world. 'IMie prairie hay has already become famous and its nutritious (liuilities have been acknowledged on all sides, in fact, Mtock- raising will, in the near future, rival the production of grain in the fertile belt. The eastern base of the Itociky Mountains, and the Peace River District especially, will become great fields for graziers to carry on an immense business in cattle, the wild gniss in those localities heiug evcu of better (juality than that found on the plains. The climate here is particularly well adapted to stock-raising, as cattle reuHiin out all winter and feed themselves. fin am gn di Sh th <> MANITOBA A.tD THE NORTH-WEST. 29 Cattle-raisino^ is already being prosecuted on a larj^e scale in certain portions of the North-West Territory, the Marquis of Lome, Governor-General of the Dominion of Canada, having on hi« lecent tour through the country reported several large droves between Edmonton and the Rocky Mountains, and one drove numbering 7,000 head at Fort Calgary, the terminus of the prairie section oi the Canadian Pacific Railway, Some of the ranches at the eastera base of the Rocky Mountains have as many as 15,000 to 20,000 head of cattle, and the business is yearly increasing. Cattle-raisers who have in the past wintered their herds south of the boundary line are now driving them into the North-West Territory, where the grasses are more nutritious, and the water, which abounds everywhere, reniarkubly pure. A very ])r()ininent feature of the cattle ranges of the Canadian North- West is the fact that very little snow falls, thus allowing cattle to graze through tlu; winter. Recently a good deal of stock of approved breeds has been brought into Manitoba, and, iis it has nourished as well as native stock, fancy stock breeding will in the future bo among the most remunerative pursuits. There are between forty and lifty dilferent varieties of grasses, sedges mid legumes in the North-Western prairies. The first point a farmer would note about this is the abundance of the folinge of nearly all the species. While the grasses of Eastern Canada are nearly all cnlni uv stem, ..aving most of them only (me, two or three leaves, most of the North-Western gnisses have from ten to twenty leaves. Of coui-se this is an extremely valuable feature in grass, as the leaves are more easily digested than the culms. Although it is now more than forty years since shee|t rnising was first intntduced in the neighlourhood of the Red iliver, these aninuds have ncer iK'en attacked by disease. FIe(!ces from sheep grown in Manitoba are, as a ride, heavy. The IVeedom from disease is doubtless due, to a greiit extent, to the dry atmosphere. Sheej) thrive ocpndly well all through the Canadian North-West. The raising of horses and cattle will undoubtedly |iro\e one of tlie (ihief indiiNlries. ■(t lbs. per IiuhIu'I. One luindrcil niid fifteen fanners Icstify to the yield of outs per acre, namely, in 1877, 51)^ buHhels ; in 1878, 51)J bushels; in 187U, i»8 bushels, and 57 j[ bushels in 1880. -0 rejjorts which we have received from settlers concerning the growth of rooti and vegetables in the Canadian North-West, not one has been unfii\(turable. I ■! '^fBc gcutucSian ^^u'ific '2lait'u>an. TiieCuniuliiin Pacilic; Railway runHcontiiniously through Canadian Territory, from Montreal in Lower Canada, across the continent to Port Moody in Hritish Columbia. The iniii;; line will l)o 2,1)06 miles in length, and with branches now under (H)nwtruction of 400 miloB, the total mileage will be 8,806 nn'les either now built or L.- ■^ <> u X aa buildi Augu Cana( of th body opera In Pacif I FRC Jl T the the ^' vK,- --^ MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 38 building. 1,730 have already been built and equipped, and in August, 1883, there will be through communication over the Canadian Pacific Railway from Montreal to Winnipeg and the foot of the Rocky Mountains, except over Lake Superior (the largest body of fresh water in the world) over which the Company will operate their own powerful steamships, a distance of 370 miles. In five }'ear3 the road will be completed from the Atlantic to the Pacific. WHEN AND HOW TO GO TO THE w^ui^n-w^S'^. FROM Bf^lTISH PORTS TO ©ANADI/cN POF^TS. STEAMSHIP LINES AND RAILWAY CONNECTIONS. ADVICE ABOUT SAILING. JV @Baptcv of qicitcval' ^nfovvuatkni: fov Wherefore come on, O young husbandman; Learn the culture proper to each kind, — VIBOIli. The time has long since gone by when it was a question whethei- the man of limited meanw, with u family and but poor prospects in the Old World, could better his condition by going to the New ^- ^ 34 MANITOBA AND THE NOItxH-WEST. World and striving to build up a home and a competcjice for himself and his family. There is no longer a question about his being able to do so ; it is certain that any man who is able and willing to work, and who has any experience or adaptability for agricultural pursuits, can, in the course of a few years, build up a better and more prosperous future in the thinly-settled Provinces of Canada than he can in the over-poimlated districts of England, Scotland or Wales. Thousands have tried the experiment during the last quarter of a century and practically proved its success by securing comfortable homes in a comparatively short time, and thousands are ytarly following in their footsteps encouraged by their success, and frequently helped by remittances from those who have done so well as to be able not only to support themselves comfortably, but to assist others who were left behind. The question now-a-days, therefore, is not whether to come to Canada or not, but when to come and hoAV best to get there, and this chapter is intended as a guide to those who have determined to try their fortunes in the largest, most important, and most flourishing colony of the British Empire. First, let us say a word as to IVlio should come to the Canadian North- West. It must always be borne in mind that Canada is essentially an agricultural country. Although we have immense forests, prolific fisheries, and almost inexhaustible mineral wealth, still our rich soil, splendici pasture-lands and magnificent wheat-producing prairies are the very backbone of the country, and agriculture is yearly becoming more and more the staple industry of the country ; therefore, the "tillers of the soil" are the class who are most needed here, and who are most certain of achieving success by steady industry. The agricultural resources of Canada are ])racti- cally limitless, for in the vast prairies of the North- West we have a country, capable of producing the finest wheat in the world, which far exceeds in extent all the wheat-])roducing territory of Europe combined; and almost the whole of this bounteous heritage is as yet untouched by the plough or harrow, and awaits the hand of man to burst forth into smihng crops of plenty. To the farmer, then, Canada oders the greatest inducements, but there is also scope for the labourer, the mechanic and the artizan, and the demand for these latter will increase as the country grows in prosperity and our manu- factures become more thoroughly developed. The class which is most needed and surest of success is the tenant farmer with some capital, or those who have some means and are inclined to adopt farming pursuits. The immigrant who has a couple of hundred pounds or so to begin with, starts under favourable circumstances which cannot fail to lead him to competency in ten or fifteen years, if he is steady and industrious. How and when to come. In answer to the first we would say come by one of the steamship lines from Liverpool or Glasgow direct to Canada, landing at Quebec and thence pursuing his journey by rail to Manitoba or the North- West. The lines of steamers running direct to Canada are the Allan from Liverpool and Glasgow ; the Dominion Line, from Liverpool, and the Beaver Line from Liverpool. All these companies have local agents in many jjarts of England, Scotland and Ireland. The Steerage has lost nearly all the horrors which it entailed twenty-five or thirty years ago, when the trip had to be made by sailing vessels ; the passengers had to furnish and cook Hieir own provisions, and were huddled together like sheep in a pen without the slightest attempt at either decency or comfort. Now the vai'ious 8teamshii)s bringing passengers to Canada have large and convenient steerages divided into compartments, one for marriv^d couples and families, another for single men, and a third for single women ; the comiHiny furnishes three good meals a day, consisting of meat, \ egetables, ])read and f l Hii.< TWIil* !■ c 2 ■<> ^• -^ MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 37 the winter. Labourers of this kind will, as a rule, find their services most in demand in the open months, while the demand for them in the winter months will be much more limited. It is better, therefore, for labourers of this class to come during- the summer months. As respects mechanics connected with all the building trades, the same remarks apply. Very large numbers of buildings will be erected in Manitoba and the North-West, for some time to come, in consequence of the rapid extension of railways, and the necessary building connected with them, and also in consequence of the very rapid settlement which is taking place in the North-West. Other mechanical operations connected Avith inachinery, all branches of metal working and carriage-making, being conducted indoors, employ labour at all seasons of the year. The demand in these branches has not any limit of seasons. Female Domestic Servants may come during any month of the year, either winter or summi . There is a steady and great demand for this claps at all seasons, and it is likely to continue, especially in view of the very great extent of territory which is being settled in the North-West, and the excess of males over females in the ])0]julation. The first general advice to be given to the intending emigrant before he starts, or the immigrant after arrival, is that he should apply to the nearest agent of the Canadiiin Government for any informatiim or advice that he may desire to obtain. The following is a list of the Canadian Government Agents, including the High Commissioner : — LONDON Sir Alexander T. (tAlt, G.C.M,^i,, &c., Iii}>h Commissioner for the Doiniuion, 10, Victoria- chambers, London, S.W. Mr. J. CoHNEii, Secretary, High Commissioner's Office, (Address as above.) LIVERPOOL ...Mr. John Dyke, 15, Water-street. GLASGOW Mr. Thomas Grahamk, St. Knoch-square. BELFAST Mr. Charles Koy, 29, Victoria-place. DUBLIN Mr. Thomas Connolly, Northumberland House. BRISTOL Mr. J. W. Down, Bath Bridge. <">* Information tind pamphlets nmy also l)e obtained in many instances from the agents of the Steamship Com])anie8. Many of these arc snpplied witli pamphlets, maps, and reports, issued by the Canadian Government. In Canada the Government has agents at the principal points throughout the country. Tiie following i& a list : — QUEBEC Mr. h. Stafford, Point Levis. Queliec. TORONTO ...Mr. J. A. Donaldson, Straclu-i -avenue. Toronto, Ontario. OTTAWA ...Mr. W. J. Wills, Wellington-street, Ottawa. Ontario. MONTKI'^AL Mr. ,1. J. Daley. IJonaventure-street, Montreal, Province of Quebec. KINGSTON. ..Mr. H. :Macphi:uson, William-street, Kingston, Ontario. HAMILTON Mr. .ToHN Smith, (ir-at Western Railway Station, ]lunii!t.,n, Ontario. LONDON Mr. A. G. Smyth, London, Ontario. HALIFAX ...Mr. K. Clay, Halifax, Nova Scotia. ST. JOHN ...Mr. S. Gaudner, St. John, New llrnnswick. WINNI1»K(J ...Mr. W. C. B. (iRAllAMi:, Winnipeg, Manitoba. EMKWSOX ...Mr. J. K. Tetu, Hallway Station, Kmerson, Man. BRANDON ...Mr. Thos. Bkvnkt, Otlice at the Railway Station, Lrandon, Man. Other agents will ho appointed, for the North-West as the opening np of the (country reipiires them. At all of the above-mentioned places there are offices and stations, at which all immigrants may rest and ohtiiin temnorary acGonnnodatitu and comfort npou their arrival. Ocean Fares and Best Way to Reach Canada. Of courec the intending emigrant will find out the days of sailing of the 8tean.8hip8 by the hand-hills or advertisements whi(^h are j now HO very generally published ; and ho will also find by the same means the rates of i)aHRage — (?abin, intermediate and steerage. Thr. assisted passages are allbrdcd to labourers and e(M't«iin elapses of metjhaniesand agricultiindists, ami are confined to the steerage, and do not ajjply to either the intermediate or saloon |tassage. Appli- cation should he made to any (Jovernment agent for information roHpocting the rates of assisted passages and the conditions necessary to obtain them. <> MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 39 The saloon passug-e includes stateroom and all provisions. The intermediate passage includes provisions, beds, bedding, and all necessary utensils. The steerage includes a plentiful supply of cooked provisions, but steerage passengera must provide their own beds and bedding, and eating and drinking tins. The outfit for a steerage passage is as follows : — one mattress, l.s. Hd. ; one pillow, Gd. ; one blanket, 3s. 6d. -, one water can, 9rf. ; one quart mug, 3^. ; one tin plate, 3^. ; one wash basin, dd. ; one knife and fork, (5^. ; two spoons, 2d. ; one pound marine soap, Gd. : one towel, 8d. ; — total, 9s. Gd. The whole of tliese articles can be obtained of any outfitter in liiverj^ool at one minute's notice. These articles may now, liowever, be hired at a merely nominal mte from some or all of the Steamship Companies. All children above the age of twelve years are considered adults and charged full price. All children under twelve, and over one year old, are charged hall-price ; infanta in arms being charged 10s. Gd. stg. Children, under the ocean a(hdt age, have 8i)ecial lates nmde for them in the assisted passages of the Canadian (Jovernment. Tho steerage pasflengcrs being so well jM'ovided with food on the steamships of the principal lines, need not think of providing themselves with any kind of provisionn. If they chould bo sick, they will be atteiuled to by ilie ship's doctor, and supplied with medical comforts. About buyin^v Tickets. (lenerally, the inU^nding emigrant will do well to i)nt himself in communication with the agent of the NtcamHlii)) line l»y which he has made up his mind to sail, living cither at or near tiie i)laoe where )jo resides. Ho will generally get all informiition from such agent, regarding the rates of passage, steuniship outfit, and deposit to be made for securing his passage. An omignint is geiierall.y advised to lake Ids ticket to his plaoe <>- of destination, if that is tixed, as he will thereby be saved from the trouble of getting another ticket at the port of arrival ; and in the ctise of assisted tickets, the lowest railway fares are added in the fares given by any of the agents of the steamship companies, either in taking an ordinary steerage ticket or an assisted passage. Canadian assisted passages are only afforded by steamships sailing to Canadian ports. The prices of all ocean passage tickets are generally very widely advertised in the newspapers, and by means of handbills, etc. Immigrants should avoid trusting touters and bad characters, who very often loiter about shipping offices ; and should take care only to have dealings with the regular agents of the steamship companies or the agents of the Government. Agriculturists in search of land, and specially those going to the North- West, should be very careful how they receive the glowing representatio'?i8 which are made to them by agents of land companies, who will waylay them at many points on their journey, and particularly in passing through some of the Western States. An immigrant bound for Manitoba should persevere, in spite of all representations or misrepresentations, in going to see for himself. During the Passage. Ah soon as the emigrant gets on board the steamship, ho should make himself acjpiainted with the rules ho is expected to obey whilst at sea. These are generally printed and hung up in the steerage. lie should do Imh ))eHt to carry them out ; to be well- behaved, and to keep himself clean, lie will thus add not only to his own health and comfort, but to that of those aroinid him. If lie should have unv grievance or real cause of couiplniut during the passage, he ulutuld of (•(uirse make it known to the Captain, who will naturally seek to have justic(i done, as well for his own interest as for that of his ship and his eni|)l(»yere. The master of the ship is redpousiblo for any neglect or hul ^h- ^ v 7^ 4 X *V J* cond stear of si( with T] port] acco: preei limii M thei] theri reas< pure to 1 caus mad I II as i are rati aro infi hav silv 1()S(3 the pro tem ,alle' ^ <>• 42 MANITOBA AXD THE NORTH-WEST. it is only taken for what it is worth. Still, what silver the emigrant brings had better be in shillings. Practical Suggestions for Intending Settlers. In view of a certainty that an influx of population into Manitoba will be the most marked feature of the lmmi<>ration movement for many years to come, it is advisable to furnish particular directions respecting it in this place, at the risk of some repetition of informa- tion in previous pages of this book. The previous directions how to go, and what routes to take, from the United Kingdom, or the continent of Europe, are common to all innnigrants ; and all assisted passages to Canadian ports and facilities afforded to immigrants are common to those go g to Manitoba. The word "Manitoba," in this particular, bei'g also intended for the Canadian North- West, Manitoba being the Gateway. Any iutending settlers in Manitoba arriving at United States ports — either Boston or New York — should, if they have not already procured through tickets, at once get them to the point of destinatiou without suifcring themselves to be influenced, and j)roba)>ly misled, by specious uiisrcpresentatious made to them by persons interested in the sale of American raihvny lands. They should persist in proceeding to their destiiuition, to judge of the facts for themselves. From New York to Boston the tickets should read vid Chicatju and St. Paul to Winnipeg. Luggage. The attention of omigrnntn cannot be too particularly directed to cv'erything about I b.eir luggage. Tn tlu; first phuio it is very desirable that they should not enciunl)er thomsclves with unnecessary artichis, as these, besides causing them a great deal of trouble, nmy in the end cost a great deal more th;in they are worth. On all the sttiamship bills the passenger will find stated how o many cubic feet of luggage he can take with him on board the steamship. Cabin passengers are allowed 20 cubic feet, intermediate passengers 15 cubic feet, and steerage passengers lo cubic feet of luggage free. It may, however, happen that the number of cubic feet of luggage which the steamship will allow is very much heavier than the 150 lbs. in weight allowed to each passenger on the Western railways. The railways in the older Provinces of Canada are very liberal in dealing with emigrants' luggage, and will let pass anything that is not very much out of the way. On the Western railways, however, the luggage is weighed, and high freight rates are charged for all luggage in excess of 150 lbs. weight per passenger. A family or party going together, however, may hn e their luggage all weighed together, and no charge made unless there is an excess above an average of 150 lbs. for each. Many heavy lumbering things some- times carried by immigrants are not worth paying the excess of freight for, and can be better and more cheaply purchased on arrival at their destination. The luggage, and boxes or trunks of every passenger should be plainly marked with his name and destination. All heavy luggage and boxes are stowed away in the hold, but the emigrant should put in a separate and small package the things he will require for use on the voyage. These he should keep by him and take into his berth. Emigrants sometimes suffer great loss and inconvenience from losing their luggage. They should, therefore, Im3 careful not to lose sight of it until it is put on shipboard. Tt is then perfectly safe. Upon arrival at Quebec it will be passed by the Customs ofHcei-s and put into what is called the '* baggage c-ar " of the railway train, where it is '* checked " to its dostinatior. Tiiis means that there is attached to each article a little ])io(!0 of metal with a mimbor stamped on it, while a corresponding piece similarly numbered is given t,o the ])HHKenger to kec^p until his destination is reached. The Railway is then rchponsible for the safety of his luggage, and will not give it uj) until he shows his " chec^k." This custom has great safety as well as convenience. After arrival at Quebec or Halifax, however, the immigrant should see that his luggage is with him on the same train ; and if he is going to the North- West via. the United States, he must see that it is passed by the United States Custom Officers there, and again put on the train. Many have suffered great loss from not taking this precaution, their luggage having been left behind. What to Take. The emigrant should take with him as good a supply of clothing as he can. Woollen clothing and other kinf^*^ of wearing apparel, blankets, house-linen, &c., are generally cheaper in England than in Canada. Generally, £.11 bedding should be taken, and the covers and ticks of the beds, but not the materials with which they are stuffed, as these would be too bulky, and can readily be obtained on arrival. Many of the little household necessaries which the emigrant possesses he miglit do well to bring, and they may prove very useful ; but still it is advisable to consider well the weight and bulk, and how far it is worth while. Articles of household furniture, crockery, stoves, or heavy articles of hardware, should be left behind or sold, except in some circumstances for special reasons which the emigrant will consider. It must be borne in mind that such articles are very liable to breakage, especially on long railway journeys to the West. Agricultural labourers should not bring any of their tools with them, as these can easily be got in Canada, of the best kinds, and suited to the needs of the country. (Jcnerally speaking, the farming tools used in England would not be suitable for Canada. Kjh '^ '4>* -►d> MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 45 @tttcs, "^orDXtrB an6 "^iLTacjc v>. It is unnecessary in a work of this kind to go into an elaborate description of the principal cities and towns which have so suddenly sprung into existence in the Canadian North-West, although many of these communities by their magical development and rapid progress have surprised the world and are phenomenal even in the history of the Great West. Many chapters might be devoted to recording the extraordinary strides made in commercial circles by the chief trade centres, but it will be sufficient for the purposes of our pamphlet to give the reader a general glance at leading markets. Winnipeg". This enterprising city is the metropolis of the North-West, and during the time of its existence has outstripped all rivals in the West in growth and advancement. In 1870, the then hamlet numbered some 200 souls ; in 1874 it was incorporated as a city with a population of 6,000. In 1881, there were 15,000 people in the city, but wonderful as has been the p' gress of the prairie city for eight years of its existence, the gigantic strides during 1 882 totally eclipsed the previous advance in population, for we find the city now with a thriving host of nearly 30,000 souls. Some further idea of the growth of Winnipeg may be had from the following figures, taken from the assessment roll for 1882 : — Ward. 1881. 1882. Increase. South $8,874,880 North 1,923,820 West 2,257,385 East 1,040,350 $10,4(;7,15O 8,103,870 7,780,300 4,080,050 $7,0!)5,270 (;,1 80,050 5,522,915 2,44O.(J0O .t9,l 90,435 $30,432,270 *21. 235,835 The Assessment iH divided— Real estate $25,154,900 ;, buildings, $3,277,550 ; personal, $2,090,270. k>- '^ <> 46 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. No less than seven lines of railway now centre in Winnipeg, which has become the doorway and chief distributing point between the East and the vast prairie r'^gion of the North- West. Portage La Prairie, Situated on the Assiniboino River, and on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, is the next city of importance in the western section, and is about sixty miles distant from Winnipeg. It has grown very rapidly, and in ten years it has gained a population of 5,000. There are many fine buildings, and the city is surrounded by a magnificent country closely settled by prosperous farmers. Brandon, The next point on the main line of the 0. P. R, was laid out in 1881, and no.v boasts upwai'ds of 4,000 souls. This equally phenom'^nal western city is also surrounded by a fine farming country, well settled, and is certain to become important and thriving. g;fl)cr 'gfown^ii. Follov.'ing these triide centres, which even now arc only in their infancy and give great promise of increasing with as great rapidity as heretofore, there are numeror s other town sites which have been laid out along the line, and ave ah'cady absorbing a considerable portion of the in-going p(>})ulnti()n, offering fine opi)ortunities for ahnoRi every trade and bnuinesi^ entor})rise. These sites have been Belocted in the most tidvantagxous jtOBitions, and will therefore l)o k1>' H— MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 47 suiToundGcI by an excellent farming country. Among the most important may be mentioned ViRDEN, a very promising town site, favourably located and with excellent prospects of becoming a town of considerable importance. Although only a few months in existence, there is already the nucleus of a thriving village. Broadview, although only laid out a few months ago as a town, is already making rapid strides in building operations. It has a fine station. Quite a number of stores and dwellings were erected there last summer. Broadview is also happily situated in the centre of a good agricultural tract of country, and is the end of a Railway division where the railroad shops will be located shortly. QU'Appelle is destined to become one of the most flourishing centres in the Canadian North-West, owing to its close proximity to a splendid tract of fine agricultural land lying in the now famous " Qu'Appelle Valley." As a distributing point Qu'Appelle will be a most important station on the Canadian Pacific Railway, as the country surrounding it is being rapidly settled by the very best class of farmers. Regina, the new city of the plains tind future capital and metropolis of the North-AVest Territory, is situated in the centre of, probably, the richest wheat lands in the North- West. A broad and deep creek containing the very best quality of water runs through the site, and the gentle slo])e of the land will give it the very Injst drainage facilities. Here the Government buildings of the territory and the Governor's residence are to be erected immediately. It is the headquarters for the mounted police, and large and commodious buildings have been erected for their accommodation. From the position of Regina in the very centre of the great Prairie Region it is destined to becom'i the chief distributing j)oint for all that vast territory. ■^ <> 4 <>»| K5 48 MANITOBA AND THE NOETH-WEST. — .{. — . In a new country where towns, villages, and settlements spring into existence almost in a few weeks, a Post-office is about the first institution petitioned for, and the Dominion Government have put forth every effort to supply new settlers with mail facilities. The subjoined is a complete list of Post-offices in the Canadian North- West, together with a few official rules and suggestions, which will be found especially useful to those new to the country. The names of places printed in italics are money order offices. Those having the * are on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Those with a f have a regularly located office of the Canada North-West Land Company. "^Oisf Offices in tbc ^roxnncc of i^Taititoba. arrmtg;c5 ctccov6xittx ^'^ g'CccforaC 5^tofx*tct; Assiniboine Balmoral Bird's Hill^'^ Clandeboye Cook's Creek Dundee Dynevor East Selkirk* Foxton LISGAR. Greenwood Hanlan Kildouan Lower Fort Garry Middle Church Oak Bank Peguis SellcirV St. Andrew's Stonewall* Springfield St. Francois Xavier St. Laurent Stoney Mountain* Sunny side Victoria Woodlands .^y ^ s springs 30ut the ent have es. The . North- lich will tfices. Pacilic Canada tcts. [avier ain* -^ CO •J u V3 <>— wfi ^ Ale Ar( Be? Bet Bei Bir Bla Bill Bly Bii. Bur Cad Cull Can Can Carl Can Clai Clou Crec Cryt Darl Ede Elto Fair For' Gi(U Olcii aior G(>!(j Qrig Hati Kin{; 4 ' ■ ■ — ^ MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 49 Alexandria Archibald Beaver Creek Beaconsfield Beulah Birtle Blake Blumenorb Blybhefield Bridj^e Creek Biiriiside* Cadiircis Calf Mountain Camille CamlKjllville Carberry* Carman Clan\>'illiuiu Clearwater Creeford CryHtal City Darlingford Eden Elton Fairview For», Ellioo QUuistoiw (JU'iidalo Ulenora Golden Stronni Criswold llaniiltoti i\inji;Hley High niiitr* MARQUETTE. Holland Indian Ford Lake Frances Lintrathen Littleton Marney Marringhurst McGregor Meadow Lea M:*"na Minnedosa Minnewashta Montrose Mountain City Neepawa Nelsonville Ncwdalo Nehaven Noniuay Oak I turn Oak Liikof Oakland Oak i'nint Oak lliver Oberon Odaiuih Osprey Olive Ossowa ?embiiia (Vossiug IV'trel Pigeon Fiake Pilot Mound P()iner(»y Poplar Heights Poplar Point Portage la Prairiit* Preston Rapid City Richmond Rossburn Rothwaite Ruttanville Salisbury Salterville Shell River " Shoal Lake Sidnev Silver Creek Silver Spring Snow Flake Somerhct Stoddervill(> Strathelair Swan Lake St. Leo Tli..ridilll Toddbnrn Trehcrne Totogon Viola Dale Warrington Wellington Wei I wood WcKtbourno WocdRido Wheatland H^- 1) Airiiaud* Clear Springs l>>ominion City* Emcrsofi* Gauthier Green Ridge La Broquerie Letellie PROVEXCHER. Morris Naas Niverville* Otterburne* Rat River* Ridgeville Ste. Alice Ste. Agathe St. Boniface St. Norbert* St. Pie St. Vital St. Jean Baptiste West Lynne Argyle Brandon^^ Brandon Hills Brookdale Deloruine Desford Qnmd Valley (Hendenniiig GopluT Creek llcadingly Lutigvulo SELKIRK Loretto Lome Lothair Millford Millbrook Mowbray Prairie Grove Plym]»ton Pultney Rhineland Roseberry Sewell Souris Sourisburg Souris Mouth St. Charles St. James Turtle Mountain Virden*t AVakopa WINNIPEG. WinnijK'g* <> I <> MANITOBA AND THE NOETH-WEST. 51 'gcrrttortaf Sixnoionr.. The extensive range of country lying between the western limits of the Province of Manitoba and the eastern boundary of British Columbia, has been formed into four Territorial Divisions, named Assiniboia and Saskatchewan, immediately contiguous to Manitoba, and Alberta and Athabasca further west, and between the other two Divisions and British Columbia. District of Assiniboia. This district comprises an area of about 05,00') scjuare miles. It is bounded on the south by the Iiituruatioiial Boundary line, on the east by the western boundary of Manitoba, on the north by the 9th Correction Line of the Dominion Lands System of Survey into Townships, which is near to the 52nd parallel of latitude. On the west it is bounded by the line dividing the 10th and 11th ranges of townships west of the 4th initial meridian of the Dominion rounds Survey. District of Saskatchewan, This district comjtrises about 111,000 hcjuiuv miles, bounded on the south by the District of Assiniboia, and the northern boundary of the, I^rovince of Manitoba; WinnifKig with a ])art of Nelson Tliv(»r forms its ou"ti'rn boundary; on tlie north it is Ik unded by the 18th Correction Line on (he i)omini(m Lands System (»f Survey, and (m the west by the line of that system dividing the lOlh and II th ranges of townships west of the fourth initial meridian. i^4!)72 •<^ D U ll.*t Rfgina * f Touchwood Hills Troy Wolf Crook <> 4^1 ^d> *>"^ •++ t Battleford Carleton MANITOBA AND THE NOIITH-WEST. SASKATCHEWAN. Grandin Stobart Prince Albert <> :»3 Calgary Edmonton ALBERTA. Fort Saskatchewan St. Albert New Post Offices are established by the Department wherever it 18 ascertained that a sufficient number of inhabitants can be accommodated, and there is a probability of a sufficient amount of correspondence to warrant such a meaHure. "When a new Post Office is retjuired, a petition should be addressed to the Postmaster- Geneml at Ottawa, siji^ned by as r ny of the inhabitants as can conveniently subscribe the same. The petition should state the name of the township and the numk'r of the lot and coneession on which it is desired the office should be established ; the distance from the neij2^hbourin <> 54 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WKST. COMMISSION ON MONEY ORDERS. ')n Money Orders drawn by any Money Order Office in Canada on any other Money Order Ofilc-e in the Domaiion, is as follows :— If not exceeding $4 2c. Over v^4 >> JJ 10 „ 10 )> • • 20 „ 20 ;» 5> 40 „ 40 »» '> 60 „ 60 »> » 80 „ 80 »> 5» 100 . 5c. .10c. .20c. .30c. .40c. .50c. No single Money Order, payable in the Dominion of Canada, can be issued for more tlian |100 ; but as many of $100 each may be given as the remitter reiiuires. Not more than one Order under $10 payable in Canada may be issued to the same person in the same day, drawn on the same place in favour of the same payee. On Money Orders payable in the United Kingdom, Newfound- land, and the United States : If not exceeding $10 10c. 20 20c. 30c. \ v;i •IT AV ,, ft ^ 30 »» 80 „ >> 40 »i 40 „ M 50 .40c. .50c. iMouoy Orders on the United Kingdom are drawn in Canada Currency, and niay be iiad for any sp^m not in excess of $50 ; bat PoBtmasters are nt liberty lo issue several orders of $50 each, if required by the remittcn*. A tal)lo showing the amount of Canadian Currency required for a money order issued in Canada upon the United Kingdom and British India, in addition to the commission, will bo found below. As there arc several places of the same name in Canada, in the United Kingdom, and in the United States, it wil! be necessary always to indicate upon the forms of application and in the advices the Country and Province, or State, in which the oftice where the oi*dor is to l)e made payable is situated. ►m- ►d). £ >• *\ ^ ■ ♦^ ^ <> '^ MANITOBA ANT) tj£e NORTH-WEST. 55 Amount in Currency to he paid for Money Orders draivn on the United Kingdom and British India. Amomit payable in Dollars Amount payable in Dollars and Cents. Amount piiyable in Dollars and Cents. Amount payable in Dollai-s United Kingdom. Cents. United Kingdom. United Kingdom. United Kingdom. Cents. £ s. d. $ c. £ s. d. $ ^' & s. d. % c. £ .ers and periodicaJH posted in Canada, other than those addressed from the oi^co of publication, to regular subscribers or newsagents in the Dominion, including all newspapers and periodicals published less frequently than once a month, the rate will bo OHO cmt per four ounces, to be invariably prepaid by Postage Stamp. > t- 56 •^ MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. Manitoba & the Canadian North-West. -^ REOAPITULATION. Seasons. — Ploughing commences in April. Seeding in April and May. Harvest in August. Winter commences middle November and lasts till end of March. Climate. — Healthy, no epidemic diseases, no malaria. Spring — clear and br. i t. K:;Cjnner — Warm, with cool nights. Autumn — Balmy ana .;, -t. Winter — Uniform, dry and bracing. Soil. — Rich, black, argillaceous mould or loam, 2 to 4 feet deep, on a very tenacious clay subsoil. Water. — Good water by digging anywhere. Clear running streams. Ponds and Picturesque lakes. Wood.— Groves and clumps of trees dot the prairie. The rivers and streams are lined mih timber, and wood is easy obtainable for fuel and building purposes. Hay.— Cattle prefer the wild prairie grass of the Canadian North-West to the cultivated varieties. It is very fattening to stock, and abundant everywhere. Timothy yields three tons per acre. YIELD OF OROP)^ PER ACRE. Wheat 80 bushels— weight, 02 to l)G pounds. Oats 57 Barley 40 Potatoes 860 Turnips 1000 Carrots 800 Onions 270 <>■ »i M M ft >♦ t» »» 40 50 >» »> <> ^ cu O- 'li ^^ TA' %,o <>' FR Curra excell( CO be pu most Caiia( M. publi and ] trade built rule i yield Tl Certi t( tj - 1 I whi( tt of \ this WO] 1^ \*- "(^ <> MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 57 Fruit. — Fruit trees of all ordinary kinds yield abundantly. Currants, raspberries, gooseberries, grapes, strawberries, etc., thrive excellently. Cost of living. — Provisions and goods of all kinds can be purchased at reasonable prices. Agricultural implements of the most modern class about the same price as in the older parts of Canada, and cheaper than in the United States. Markets. — The rapid construction of the Railway and other public works, and the constant influx of new settlers, create a large and never-failing home demand for farm produce. Centres of trade are being established all over the country. Elevatora are built along the line for the convenience of eastern buyers. Prices rule about the same as in Minnesota and Dakota, with double the yield per acre. QUALITY OF GRAIN. The following certificate speaks for itself : — Certificate from the President of the Corn Exchange, Montreal, as to the excellent quality of Manitoha grain. "Montreal, Jan. 17, 1H82. " I have examined samples of grain grown in Manitoba, submitted bj Alexander Begg, of the Canadian Pacific Railway. " The sample of Fife wheat is specially good, and also No. 1 Hard, which is the hA 58 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. First Crops. — A fair crop of wheat, oats or potatoes can be had from land newly broken. Manure. — The land will not bear manure for several years after breaking — it is too rich. " Here the free spirit of mankind at length Throws its last fetters off, and who shall place A limit to the giant's unchained strength, Or club his swiftness in the forward race ?" ♦»» GOING WEST. Leaving Chicago Arrive St. Paul (St. Paul, Minu. & Man. Ky.).. Leave St. Paul , Arrive St. Vincent (International Boundary) . , „ Emerson „ Winnipeg Leave Winnipeg Arrive Portage La Prairie Brandon Broadview Kegina 11 30 a.m. t; 15 ., 8 „ 3 45 „ 4 5 6 60 8 15 10 35 1 56 p.m. 11 30 ., 5 55 a.m. 9 P m 12 45 7 4 20 4 40 7 5 • • • * • • Stonewall Branch, Leave Winnipeg., Arrive Stonewall 8 25 a.m. 9 45 „ Winnipeg to Rat Portage. Leave Winnipeg i 8 45 a.ni. Arrive Hat Portage j 4 3 p.m. CONDENSED TIME TABLE BETWEEN IN maiiitoba anil tite Canadian IVortli-n^est. H 68 66 56 48 40 31 23.5 12 3 1.5 ^ I -^- can be years nee O MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. r>9 FROM ST. VINCENT (International Boundary) TO WINNIPEG. FROM Winnipeg to Rat Portage. 135 133.5 126 119 112 103.5 97 87.5 77.5 71.5 62 61.5 41 37 31 23.3 1(5 11 3.5 Winnipeg Winnipeg Junction... Bird's Hill Gonor Selkirk Tyndall Beausejour Monmouth Shelley Whitemouth Darwin Rennie Telfork Cross Lake Ingolf Kalmar Deception... Ostersund... Keewatin ... Rat Portage •••••t*«* i:«-,-Aji ii'Ji*.-.: o 68 66 56 48 40 81 St. Vincent Emerson Dominion City Arnaud | Dufrost 1 Otterburne ' 2 12 20 28 37 23.5 12 Niverville ; St. Nobert 1 44.5 56 3 1.5 St. Boniface Winnipeg Junction...! Winnipeg ; 65 66.5 68 1.5 «> 16 23 31.5 38 47.5 57.5 63.6 73 83.5 94 98 104 111.8 119 124 131.5 186 FROM Winnipeg: to Stonewall. 19.8 18.3 6.5 Winnipeg Air Line Junction Stoney Mountain.. Stonewall U 1.5 13.3 19.8 MAIN LINE. From Winnipeg to Regina. Winnipeg Air Line Junction Winnipeg West .... Rosser Marquette Reaburn Poplar Point High Bluff Portage la Prairie Burnside Bagot McGregor Austin Sidney Melbourne Carberry Sewell Douglas Chater Brandon Alexander Griswold .. Oak Lake Virden Hargraves Elkhorn .. 1.5 7.8 15.1 22.2 29 36.2 40.5 48.7 56 63.5 71 79 84.6 92.8 98.5 105.7 114.3 121.8 127.5 132.(1 U1.5 148.7 157 16fi.r> iSO.i.) 188.3 196.8 <> ClTl«jS, TOWiVS. t.l>ff> VIUI^aotJH ON THE LINE OF THE CAJ^AE)IA|J PACIfIC [RAILWAY (Prairie Section), WITH. DISTANCES BETWEEN STATIONS. <>" ^ <} no MANITOllA AND TIIK NORTH-WEST. JPVom Winnipeg to Regina—contlntted. Fleming | 211.1 Moosotnin | 219.3 Red Jacket { 226.5 Wapella I 235.4 Burrows j 243.1 Whitewood | 249.4 Pcrcival I 25(5.3 Broadview ..., | 263.8 Oakshela 271.3 Orenfell I 279.1 Snmmerberry 'J86.6 Wolscley ' 294.3 Sintaluta ; 302.2 Indian Head 312.2 i^a'Appdlc I 323.8 McLean | 332.2 CassilH :!4l.8 Pilot Butte I 348.1 From Winnipeg to Regina—contintied. Regina 366.6 866.0 373.4 381.2 890.2 Grand Coulee PenHe • Belle Plaine Pfl-soiia Mooseiaw 398.3 Boharm .,.,, 406.4 Cai'on 414.4 Mortlach 423.4 Parkbec? 432.6 Secretan 448.0 Chaplin 461.9 Krnfold 461.3 Morae 471.7 Herbert 480.5 Rush Lake 489.1 Waldeck 499.9 Swift Current 510.8 YMUK iW 'llll{Ol(vff Di^TANCKH, Via Ohioago (All Rail.) HALIFAX to WINNIPEG 2,561 miles. NKW YORK to WINNIPEG 1,827 TORONTO to W1NNIPK(} l'870 " MONTUKAL to WINNIPEG 1,703 „ QUKBKC to WINNIPEG \]s76 ,', MONTREAL to WINNIPEG, tWA the Canailian Pacific Route when complotod l.ljjl „ Or from QllKBEO 1,691 '„ MONTREAL to WINNIPEG, viA the Canadian Pacific Railway and Lake Route 1,B44 „ (Of which 370 niilcH are by water.) CHICA(30 to WINNIPEG h06 „ ST. PAUL to WINNIPEG HO „ 4 O' MANITOBA AND THE NOHTH-WKST. 61 inued, 366.6 366.0 373.4 381.2 390.2 398.3 406.4 414.4 423.4 432.6 443.0 451.9 PASSING THROUGH THE UNITED STATES. Parties moving to Manitoba should pack their honsehold eftects in good boxes, mark each package plainly with name and destination of owner in ink — cards are liable to be rubbed off— and consign them vid tlie CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY. Make an itemized invoice of the goods, giving in full description and vahie, and hand it to the Railroad or Steamshij) Company at shipping point, to be forwarded with the goods. This invoice is required by the Am)rican Customs for bonding purposes, and all goods arriving at the Customs stations on the American border^ without invoices, are detained by Collector of Customs until the invoice is received. Certified invokes or ConsuVs cei'Hjicatea are not required bij the American Cmtoms for f/oodn conaii/ned lo Manitoba. TIIROTTGII TICKETS Can bo obtained from all Canadian and American Railway Companies, to any of the following i)ointH : — St. Vincent, Portage la Pmirie, Emerson, Hrandon, Winnipeg, Rroadvicw, Selkirk, Qu'Apj.rlle, Ral. Portage, Itcginu, &o. And all Stations on the (^inadian Pacilic Railway. •l-h \ <)- -^^ -^^ Sent. ■<> MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEHT. 63 "Still more striking is the following summary of the returns from the various Dominion Lands Agencies : — 1881. 1882. I'iiitiies. Acres. 438,707 2(i3,647 .•Jim, 1(15 1 Entries. Acres. HomcBteads Pre-cmptionH i>)alep 2,753 1,649 1,417 7,383 1,181,652 n,e added the the Huni of *547.711, derived in 18H2 fronj the sale of colonization lnudM ... And tlic Huni of j<'i,780 derivcl Iroui nii^cclluneous Koin'coii 547,711 1647,711 5,7K(> 5,780 Tin! total increase of annual receipts III 18H'^ over 1H81 will ncliuilly amo untto 1^1,819,867 The tA>tftl income for the year 18H2 is thui shown to Iw 112.171.857 " It is alHO worthy of rcmiirk (Iml, while the iin-oiae fn iii I)(Hiiini(in lundH from llu5 CHtiiltiihiunuiit of the I)('|iiirliiient of thit hitcrinr up to the (slone of IHHI, i. mounted in all to Jt'i2<'.ooO, the MUin r(Mili/,rd durinjir tho past year idono wum $2, I71,m.*»7. Ixiing k\,i\'iifX^>7 more Ihim for all llie provl'tuR yrars piil to^;. " There is every ruiuwrn to bLlicvo liiat the coiupuiiiuH who have (> V -<> <> 64 MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. I I ^ organized and gone into operation will be successful, and will prove to be valuable immigration and colonization auxiliaries. "The enhanced value of agricultural lands, arising from the rapid increase of the population, has led to considerable competition amongst settlers for the acquisition of the homestead and pre-emp- tion sections in more populous portions of Manitoba and the country immediately to the west. *' Since the date of the last Report of the Department, the standard outlines of 800 townships have been surveyed, and 430 townships have been divided into quarter sections, and set out for settlement, making available for the immigration of this t Jring an area of eight and a half millions of acres of good farming land. These surveys have established, beyond doubt, that from the western boundary of Manitoba to the Moosejaw creek, heretofore called *The Barren Plains of the Souris,' there is to be found some of the finest agricultural land in the world— indeed the bulk of the settle- ment of last summer was in this very region;— while from the Moosejaw creek to the B(tw river, shown on our earlier maps as the northern extension of the (Jreat American Desert, it is now definitely established that but a cofuparatively small proportion of the land is unlit for cultivation. " That coal is abundant not only in the valley of the Souris river, but more or lesw throughout nearly every portion of the territories west of the lOGth degiveof longitude west of Greenwich, is now practically certain. In addiUon to what was done by the Geological Branch of the Department, extensive explorations, with a view to the discovery of coal, were undertaken by private individualn in the course of the past scuson, and th(« result has been to contirni all that was previously conjectured in ixjgard to its aliuudunct and j:^n!at commercial value. " Tiio ea*tern slopes of the Rocky Mounlains give promise of being almest, if not altogether, as valuable for deposits of the precious metals as tiu»ir wostern slopes have proved to be. Numerous ivpplieatioiis are being received for the privilege of ox- ii'iirinu' for und mining gold and silver, and regula(i')n«de;dgned to «tiuv»'ti,i<,tt t^l pn)secutionB of those explorations and < {lenitionH will U laid iHjfore l^arliament for approval, during its present ~<^ ^ <} oa o H 'A < U u «— I .-] Q < Capi Distri Tlic I Haihva] line we undispn and Mo S( All ( ac<|iiii'ci wcil-km The Country an iiImi« nirntA ( prt-iinui iNTENDlNCi SETTLERS Should examine the List of Lands for Sale by the Capaia j«orth-^e?t Lapi Co|npapy, LIMITED. c^ompitiNiMc; 5,000,000 ACJitEjii 5^; Distributed through the Most Fertile and Desirable parts of Manitoba and the Canadian North-West. .'V. ■'■ - ' - i-.' - r".vi'?'-l .. , I :, ; THE RAILWAY BELT. The Company offer for sale choice sections throughout the Canadian Pacific Railway Main T.ine Helt, and in the vicinity of all the Towns and Cities on the line west of rorlage La Prairie. These include all the following niimbers undisposed of : 1, 9, 13, 21, 26, 33, and in the neighbourhootl of Kegina and Moosanjin, all odd numbered sections exc«!pt School Sections. SOUTHERN MANITOBA, SOURI'^' MOOSE , MOUNTAIN. All Canadian Pacific, Hallway Lands 8(n>th of the Hallway belt have Uien ac«|uirod by thi» Company. This tract includes Southern Manitoba and the well-known Sourii and M ntLMvd. v\hi*di cannot fail to meet the require* mcntH of all settler-, whether they intend to follow stock, grain or mi.xed laniiing, FAVOURABLE TERMS. • The landx are offeaMl without conditivms m to dettlomtt of enltivatlon. UHttftI Terms are; Oue-slxfl) Cash; Itnlancc in live .M|ual annual itMta4* . ni" •'«. Interest M nix per rcni. jht annum, payable in advance. (^atimliau Tju-ific Uailway Land Urout Uued4 taken at t*!ii jier eenl. premium and occ'rn^ ititoreHt. .: . ^■>yv' ■ ■r! ■ •' ESTABLISHED 1847. HEAD OFFICE :— HAMILTON, ONT. CAPITAL AJ^D FUJ^DS NEARLY 6,000,000 DOLLARS. ANNUAL INCOME OYER $1,000,000. «» IrtsiJcnt : A. G. RAMSAY, K«Q. <^ite-|)rtsibt«t : F. W. GATES, E8VI. ,^0(irb o! initcttors : JOHN STUAHT, Ksq., Hamilton. DENNIS MOORK, Ksg., Hamilton. WIMJAM HENDRIE, Esg., Hamilton. GEOUGK A. XIKKPATHICK, Esq., M.r., Kingston. A. O. RAMSAY, Esq., Hamilton. J. OSBOKNE, Esq., Hamilton. Thk Hon. Sir ALEX. CAMrBKIX, K.C.M.G., OttRWR. A. ALLAN, Khq. (H. & A. Allwi), Mcmtrcal. VHOS. SWINYARI), Esq., Hamilton. r. WOLVKRSTAN THOMAS, Ebq., Montreal. Ukv. canon INNES, London. Thk Hon. 1). McINNES, Hamilton. (iBORGK HAGUE, Ehq., Montreal. F. W. GATES, Esq., Hamilton. The Hon. Mr. .11 STICE BURTON, Toronto. Col. C. S. GZOWSKl, A.D.C. to the Queen, Toronta N. MERRITT, Esq., Toronto. R. HILLS. .at^ ALKX. RAMSAY. TA HLKS OF II A TKS/ar thr var^unM syitUmn of IJ/e Axgnrano^, anil inv*'y informatiom may hr nhtaitu'd at the ilnid (fffirr in ITa>nilt.on, (int., or at any i\f the HraHi'h'» ami Ai/dHvun ttkuh art* eMtabU$lutd thrmif/i4Htt t'iintuta. ^.iSiiA- I'* ', THE 6I{|JIP & Cil|i/ll)lil|l flOhjfi-lNt^J 18 BEST REACHED BY THE ALBERT LEA RO mn ■I C. R. I. As P. R. R. »•» ,.: ■.:;■■• "j' -via ' ( , The selected Route ])y the Government Officials, the Man|ui8 and Vice-Rejifal Party on their recent trip to the North-West Canadian Pacific. // ; ,' ',' • . The Great Press Kxcursioa party selected this Route in preference to any oth» l)etwe»ju Chicago and Manitolm. One and All should take special precaution to see th^t their Tickets read by the ALBERT LEA ROUTE. r«ra«..''■ I J. FRANCIS LEE, General Agent f. It. J. rt Lea nouU, 9'j, York Street, TORONTO. THE Canabian pacific ^aitoay Companv^ 4- AMENDED LAND REGULATIONS. ..,._.,... ,1,^ This Company now offer lantls within tho Jiailway Bolt along the Main Line at prices rakging fr. m ' $2.50 PER ACRE UPWARDS, with corttlitions requiring cultivation. A rcl)ate lor cultivation of from $1.26 to $3.60 per aore, according to price paid for the land, allowed on certain conditions. The Company also offer lands, without Conditions of Settlement cr Cultivation. Along the Main Lino as far an Mooscjaw, i.^., the Sections within one mile of the llailway, are now offered for sale en advantageoun torniR, but only to parties pr<)pared to undertake their cultivation within a spociBed time. The lligrhly Valuable Lands in Southern Manitoba, allotted to tho (^(>mpaiiy South of the Railway Hslt, have been transferred to the CANAP-A NOHTll-VVKST LAND COMPANY, to whom intendini; pun-liastrs must apply. These include lands nlong the South-Western Branch of the Catiadian Pacific llailway, which will be t'omplcted and in operation this season, to Circtna on the International Boundary, and Westward to Pembina Mountain, also lands in the Districts of the Souris, Pelican, and Whitewater Lakes, imd Moose Mountain. Terms of Payment— Canadian Pacific Railway Lands. Purcluiscrs may pay \ in Cash, and the balance iu live annual instalments, with interest at SIX WM CKNT. per annum in advance. Parties purchasing without conditi(m8 of culiivation, will receive a deed of conveyance at time of jmrchase, if payment is made in full. I'ayments may be made in 1^.% :vi» iirllA IVT IB4»:vi»M, which will lie accepted at Ton per cent, preiniuia on their par value and accrued interest. These Bonds can be obtained on application at the itank of Montreal, Montreal ; or at any of its agencies. For Prices and Conditions of Sale, and all information with respect to the purchase of the Railway Company's Lands, apply to JOHN H. MoTAVlSll, Land Commissioner, Winnipeg. By order of the Board, CHARLES DRINKWATER, .«mclarj|. Montreal, 22nrf Jmmary^ iHsa, pany. r the Main .ccording to ;ttlement ono mile of )Ut only to le. »a, allotted rrcd to the intcndiui; ern Branch Bration this o Pcinltina (Vhitc water lands. , ntitahnents, e a deed of nch will Ik? 3(1 intereHt. Montreal j Htion with to .lOlIN Sccrclnrjr. 0[.m]^, }li\.t^^^, TWfi^i'. And all who intend nzaking their home^ in the progressive Trade Centres of the North- West, Should consider the advantftgos of the Railway Towns and Cities, with their conveniences of communication and prospects of rapid growth and development, ''-... ,■-/ ■* The Company ojfer Lots for sale at all stations along t?if Main Line qf the Canadian Pacific Railway^ from Brandon west to British Columbia, indudimj tlie followiwj places : REGINA QU'APPELLE MOOSEJAW BROADVIEW MOOSOMIN r / ; : VIRDEN ALEXANDER OAK LAKE GRENFELL , ' WHITEWOOD. USUAL TERMS: One-third Cash ; balance six and twelve months. Interest at eight per cent, per annum. ^ ■ .. ••— .-■s ''• A LIBERAL REBATE ALLOWED TOR BUILDING. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // V .ii, p< v.. 'S 1.0 I.I 1.25 lAi|2^ 12.5 1^ m 12 2 ^ 1)4 l"»™ lif 1^ IIIII2.0 U 11 1.6 "^A ^j^^ '/ Photographic Si;iences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN tTMIT WIUTIR.NV MSSO (71«) •73.4S03 t^. 'a ^ • '■<:■ (~ PASSENGERS Via "THE LAKES" SAVE «ei A2TD VF'WAXIDS IN FARJES. JHDRTESTRDUTE -l^l^t HE LA»'^^ The Steamship Tickets are exohaDged at (Po.ut Levis) Quebec, when they will ask for Tickets via Collingwood ond Thunder Bay and Canadian Pacific Railway to Manitoba, avoiding all Oustoms inspection. Lord Dufferin and the Marquis of Lome with their Suites went by the Steamers of the Collingwood Lino when going to Manitoba. All the way on British Soil. . t t'lryrit'^'ir BA8L0W CUMBERLAND, Traffic Managerjomto, THE NORTH BRITISH CANADIAN INVESTMENT COMPANY (lilMITEU.) INCORPORATED UNDER THE COMPANIES' ACTS. -•*- THE MARQUIS OF TWEl^^DDAIiE, Chuimun. KOBERT Y()UN(J, Esq., Moirhiiiit, (JhiK^row. P. STURROOK, Es(^, Coalmastor, Kilnianiock. SAMUEL GUNN, Es(^, Men-lmnt (llas^^ow. HUGH WRHJHT, ^:s(^, of Alticry, WintowuHliirc. JOHN CLARK, Esq., Anchor Mills, PaiRley. atibiBhtfl ItJoavti in Cotonto : H. SCTON STRATIIY, Esq., Ciusliici", Federal iiank. JAMES MACLENNAN, Fs(^, Q.C., Toronto. 43nnUfi)SJ : TlfE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND. THE FEDERAL iJANK OF CANADA. Solicitors : Mkrshs. dill, WTLSOX, and M UI RI I EAD, GIas^r„w. Mkshiis. M(!MURRICII anf) DltAYTON, Toronto. 5^frrrtav]!} ; JAMES MUIRIIKAD, Esq., r>4, West Nile Street, (ilusgow. (JItenttnl /VtannflcriK \\\ Otanatia: MbssRH. SCARTII, COCniRAN ."fc (Jo., ;}2, Toronto Street, Toronto. ilflfntjx: S. W. FARRFLIi, Wiiniine^', Mnnitolm. F. IIUGIIFS, Ifrandon, Mnnitolm. S. M. JARVfS, (,)n'Appelk N.W.T. A. L. LUNAN, RcKinit, N.W.T. This Company is prepared to grant Loans on improved Farms and Oood City Property at current rates and on easy terms. for full particulars apply to the Agents of the Company. AND THE Canadian North- West. :'^f:s -.•.;:i^A-,-' Jlie Canada portli-^e^t Lapd Compapy, Limited, /, • OFFER FOR SALE, ' T WITHOUT CULTIVATION OR SETTLEMENT TtESTRICTIONS, 5,000,000 |ICVC45 OF CHOICE FARMING LANDS, Includinf the following favourite Farming Districts: SOUTHERN MANITOBA REGINA DISTRICT QU'APPELLE DISTRICT SOURIS DISTRICT MOOSE MOUNTAIN ALSO Town Lots ill the Tliaini: Towns and Cities on the Main Line of the Canadian Pa^cifio Railway, HGAD OPFIOE • 75, Lombard Street, London, E.G., England, HEAD OFFIOE FOB CANADA - 65, King Street, E., Toronto* St lited, NS, )S, AIN ,th€ land, onto.