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Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — »> signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN ". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, lift to right end top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmis it des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cliche, 11 est film6 A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de geuche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mitt ode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 8 6 HC ALBANY SCTTLEMENT, QU'APPELLE V A-i>L E Y CANADA. ,y^ " "^ "^ " : Colonial Profits \vi omfoits. liANK AuKNI^ IN LoMw.^y Mkj^hus. KLSVNM)inH AM) KM(;ilTON, () EXIIIIUTION J{i>AI>, Soil I II KkN^IN.x«^.x«^•:•♦<«^«^<«:•♦<'<^••^♦4»«^♦♦4H ' ' ' • \ ; ! I '1 } -. . Vt ".- -t , ,'. •«-.. 1-1- ■--' ' ■ ■ / -. f.'/ A": ■■;- ?-: •.t#^ BELL FARM, QU'APPELLE VALLEY. CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. A Bird*8-eye View of the arrangement proposed for the Albany Settlement is now being Exhibited in the Canadian Section of the Colonial and Indian Exhibition, at South Kensington, near the Agricul- tural Machinery. l( -rfjT the All >any i Lon of the he Agrioul- v'f- THE ALBANY SETTLEMENT, QU'APPELLE VALLEY, CANADA, N.W.T. To those who seek conditions cf greater prosperity than now exist in England, and who object to sever themselves from the Imperial Flag, the Albany Settlement offers many advantages. To migrate from the centre of Imperial power, and to break from the ties of Home and kindred, has frequently demanded many heavy sacrifices. These are, however, no longer necessary, for the conditions under ■which this Settlement has been established mark a new era in the history of emigration work. To enter Canada, is to pass into a region of the most intense loyalty to the Throne, to find there con- ditions of prosperity which prudently used lead on to happiness and wealth, and yet we ai'C able to enjoy these advantages within the range of an easy and agreeable pleasure trip from the shores of England. The concerted system of settlement which has now to be described was originally proposed by Professor Tanner, of South Kensington, London, who, with an extended knowledge of the Canadian North- West, selected this location as being that which is best adapted for carrying his plan into successful o])eration. The general objects which are sought to be gained under this concerted settlement are : — Fint. — Securing to each and every family opportunities for the observance of the Sabbath, educational advantages for the young, medical care, facilities for the sale of farm produce, and for the purchase of household reqniren)«"ts. Secondly. — Making provision for social intercourse, neighbourly co-operation, and the grouping of friends. Thirdhj. — Facilities for securing more or less land according to the varying requirements of diiforont individuals, whether it be the workman who desires to have his 3 or 4! acres, or the farmer who prefers GiO acres, or those who wish for intermediate ({uantities for agreeable residences, or for profitable occupation. Before the lands in the Canadian North- West had been sur- veyed and mapped by the Dominion Government surveyors, an arrangement was made whereby the Qu'Appello Valley Farming Company should select 100 stpaaro miles of the best wlu'at-growing land of the district, in one solid block. Tiirough the centre of this ■rw 2 land the Canadian Pacific Railway had to pass, and a station had to be constructed upon the property so secured. The selection was very ably made by Major Bell, and the lands which were chosen represent some of the richest agricultural soils in the district. It will be seen from the following quotations made from the reports of some well-known visitors, that these lands have been greatly improved for colonisation purposes. The time has now come when the preliminary operations are sufficiently advanced to enable these lands to be utilised advantageously for settlement purposes, and the owners have approved of Professor Tanner's plan for the establishment of the Albany Settlement, under conditions which it i hoped may even render it in some degree worthy of the great ' id honoured name by which it is to be distinguished. Much of the soil of the Settlement is a rich dark loam, resting upon a clay subsoil. It is easily worked, and has been proved to possess the properties requisite for the production of wheat and other cereals in their highest perfection. Root crops are cultivated with very great success, and of the highest feeding character, and the grasses are of exceptionally good quality. The climate is extremely healthy for all kinds of farm stock, and they are profitably kept with very little trouble. A reference to the map of the Set- tlement shows that the Canadian Pacific Railroad — the future Imperial highway from Great Britain to India, Australia, and the East — passes through the lands of the Settlement. The station of Indian Head is fully three miles within its eastern boundary, whilst the station of Qu'Appelle is about two miles beyond the western boundary. The Albany Agricultui'al College is situated about half-a-mile from Indian Head station, and there also the Corn p]levator and Steam Corn Mills belonging to the Boll Farm are in full operation. The town of Indian Head is steadily b coming more important in its character. It has a chui'ch, school, stores, and hotels, &c. A Masonic lodge is also being established there. Around Qu'Appelle station is a still more important town, possessing many of these conveniences in a fuller degree. It is intended to establish a village centre somewhere about midway between Qu'Appelle and Indian Head, so that the northern portions of the Settlement may also secure the groat advantages of church services, schools, stores, 8 established throughout the Settlement, so that by its aid conversa- tions may be held between the various residences, and also along the line of railway. Amusements will depend upon the taste of different individuals. In the autumn the sportsman will find on water, and on the land, ample diversion. Small game, such as wild fowl, including all varieties of geese, the mallard, red head, pintail, canvas back, blue bill, and other duck abound in the neighbourhood. Prairie chicken are abundant, whilst antelope, moose, and cariboo are obtainable without much difficulty. Salmon fishing in British Columbia and the lake fishing of the district are exceptionally fine. During the winter months there is the sleigh drive to the neighbour, and the dance at night, the snow-shoe tramp, and the toboggan slide down the steep incline. Music never fails, whilst whist and crib maintain their full sway. Life in the North- West is essentially social, and the exuberant spirits arising from redun- dant animal vigour find no end of amusement on all sides. The chief duty of the farmer during the winter is limited to the sale and delivery of his wheat, and to the care of his live stock ; the latter, however, require only ordinary oversight and food supplies — open shedding, some hay stacks, and a water supply being all the requirements which are needed to supplement the strong nourishing grasses of the prairie pasturage. Under such conditions, cattle, horses, and sheep enjoy the perfection of health, and cause no anxiety to the owner. The live stock may therefore be safely en- trusted to the farm servants, with the occasional oversight of a neighbour, should the pi'oprietor desire to pay a visit to the Carnival scenes in Montreal, or to trip across to spend his Christmas in the old country. The profits from a farm of 400 or 500 acres permit of a yearly trip into the more active centres of life in Eastern Canada, and justify an occasional visit to England. The local advantages of the Albany Settlement will go far to render such changes of scene purely optional, and the Albany Agricultural College within the Settlement, as well as St. John's College, established six miles off by the Right Rev. Dr. Anson, Bishop of Qu'Appelle, will advance the educational and social advantages of the neighbourhood. In the city of Winnipeg there are Universities and Colleges for male and female students, and degrees in Medicine, Science, Art, and Theology are conferred upon those worthy of such distinctions. One-eighteenth of all lands in the North'West have been set aside for elementary school purposes. The knowledge of farm practice, which is actually necessary for securing successful results in the North- West, may soon be 4 acquired. Experience and practical skill are just as valuable here as elsewhere, and naturally command still higher success, but for the ordinary course of farming, the surrounding conditions of a fertile soil and a favourable climate make the cultivation of the land, a pleasant and easily profitable occupation. Although it is desirable that every farmer should have some knowledge of farm work, it is an error to think that the master should personally devote himself to the daily labours of the farm. If the master's eye, and his powers of thought, are not of more value than a doUar- a-day workman, it indicates but a small measure of ability on the master's part for successful management. There will be cases in which the farmer will prefer taking his regular position amongst his workmen, but such a limitation of his control will rarely prove to be judicious. The opposite policy of neglect and indifference would be a still greater error. The happy medium line, by which master and helpers properly discharge their respective duties, is beyond doubt the wisest and the best. Generally speaking, it may be said that in addition to the obvious advantages arising from the selection of fertile land in a good climate, and with excellent railway accommodation, this Settlement offers the opportunity for a renewed grouping of old friends, and for securing a bright and happy social intercourse. Under such conditions Colonial life may be rendered brighter even than those existing in England, for the happiness of the home circle may be intensified by prosperity in the business affairs of life. The advantages to be secured are : — Fertile lands at a cheap rate, and near a good railway. Grouping of friends for mutual help and agreeable association. Churches, schools, stores, medical care. An Agricultural College, and experimental research. Profitable farming and the pleasures of sport. TEEMS AND CONDITIONS TOR THE SALE OF LAND. Title. — The Qu'Appelle Valley Farming Company (Limited) hold title from the Crown, the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, and the Hudson's Bay Company direct, and will grant a deed in fee simple. Price. — The price of each section is given in the schedule oppo- site its number, and applies to the whole or any even portion thereof — a half or a quarter — and includes ten per cent, of the land ploughed and prepared for seeding operations. It is only fair to state that before the details of Professor Tanner's concerted setthe- ment were made known to the Company, prices were at his request affixed to the several sections of land. These prices were deter- mined according to the respective qualities of the soil, and with due regard to the expenditure for buildings and tillages which had been made. This was done in order that those who settled upon the land should secure for themselves the improved value which must arise from their occupation of the property under a well regulated system. Terms. — Except, as hereinafter mentioned, one-third to one- fifth of the purchase-money is required in cash ; the balance may be paid at such stated annual periods, not extending over more than five years, as the purchaser may elect, to be secured by a mortgage on the land, bearing six per cent, interest payable with each instalment. If any purchaser is desirous of decreasing the amount of " cash down " for one or two years, he may pay one-tenth portion of the purchase-money and enter into an agreement to make substantial improvements in the way of buildings, &c. The Com- pany will agree for title on the first payment being made, taking security as before. The whole time, however, not to extend beyond five years, and interest on the unpaid purchase- money to run from date of agreement, and be payable yearly. Advantages. — (a) The land surrounds and is in the immediate vicinity of the Bell Farm, where the latest and best machinery and implements are employed, and the best mode of cultivation adopted. (b) Instruction will be freely and fully imparted to purchasers, or their foremen on request, by the General Manager or his deputy, and a general supervision given for one year free of charge. (c) Purchasers may have their buildings erected at the lowest possible price under the inspection of the General Manager, who will take every care that the moneys placed in his hands for expenditure in that direction will be laid out to the best advantage. This obviates any fear of imposition, or extortionate charges for work or material. (d) All implements, machinery, or stock, may be purchased through the General Manager at the very favourable prices paid by the proprietors, a saving of generally 25 to 40 per cent, from the ordinary purchases of the general farmer. He will also place at the disposal of the purchaser the latest crop quotations and advise as to sales. (e) Purchasers desirous of locating near each other for com* pany sake and social intercourse, have the opportunity of acquiring lands adjoining each other. (/) The lands are within a range of six miles from Qu'Appelle or Indian Head. At the latter station the Company have erected and have in operation a first-class full roller process, steam flouring mill, and an elevator, thereby offering, at all times, every facility for the purchase of breadstufFs and feed, and for marketing or shipping grain or stock. (g) The towns of Qu'Appelle and Indian Head are provided with postal facilities, general stores of dry goods, groceries, hard* ware, furniture, and other shops where all kinds of necessaries, and many of the luxuries of life may be had at reasonable prices. All the various implement factories are represented. (h) Ten per cent, of the land purchased being prepared for cropping — included in the purchase as before-mentioned — gives the incomer an early start, and he is thereby freed from a great deal of the worry, labour and expense of the first season's residence. (t) The lands are suitable either for grain growing or stock raising, or for both, according as purchasers may prefer. SCHEDULE OF LANDS. (WBST OK SKCOND MEBIDIAIT.) Town- ship. Range. Section. Acres. 18 12 5 640 )) II 6 640 >t II 7 640 M II 8 640 >> 11 9 640 >) II 17 640 >> II 18 040 )l 11 20 640 >» II 21 640 »> II 32 640.i )> II 33 637 yt 13 1 640 >» II 2 640 >> II 3 640 )i II 4 640 II II 5 640 II II 6 640 l> II 7 640 II II 9 640 >! II 10 640 II II 12 640 11 II 13 640 II II 14 640 II II 15 640 II II 16 640 Price per Acre. £ B. 1 13 1 IS 3 3 3 3 4. 3 4 4 d. 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 13 6 1 17 6 3 3 4 4 3 3 1 17 6 1 13 6 Remarks. Unbroken. II Cultivated. Adjoins Indian Head Station. Cultivated and Buildings. II II Part cultivated. II Unbroken. II II II Partly cultivated and a house. Cultivated. II Unbroken, Schedule op Lands — continued. Town- ship. 18 >) )) ji »> )i >i )> >) )i )> )> )> i» >» )» 19a 19 II )) )i >i Range. Section. Acres Price per Acre. 13 >> >> )) >» >i 14 12 »> )i >> 13 » » 14 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 27 28 30 31 33 34 1 12 24 36 7 9 5 6 6 7 8 9 17 1 2 3 5 6 7 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 12 13 24 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 646 643 642 640 640 640 045 i 231 235 640 650 565^ 565 640 640 640 711 644 643 648 644 640 640 640 537i 448 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 448 640 640 320 £ 8. d. 15 15 15 1 10 1 17 6 3 3 4 12 3 15 1 17 6 Remarks. Unbi'okcn. About 50 acres broken. Cultivated. Cultivated and buildings. Cultivated. Unbroken. 1 5 >» 1 5 »> 1 13 6 )> 2 2 )> 1 13 6 >> 1 5 >> 1 5 )l 1 5 M 3 3 Partly cultivated. 3 3 !) 4 4 »> 4 4 >l 3 3 >> 3 3 » 3 3 >> 3 3 *l 2 10 >» •f 4 Cultivated and liouses 2 10 Cultivated, 2 2 )) 1 13 6 Unbroken. 1 13 6 )j 1 13 6 )i 1 13 6 i» 2 10 Partly cultivated. 2 10 )) 3 3 )) 3 3 )> 2 10 )> 2 10 M 2 10 I) 1 5 Unbroken. 1 5 >) 1 5 n 2 10 Partly cultivated. 2 10 )) 2 10 )» 2 10 » 1 5 Unbroken. 1 5 i» 1 5 >i The London Land Agents, Messrs. Elsworth and Knighton, 6 Exhibition Road, South Kensington, will bo pleased to facilitate an inspection of the property by any intending purchasers. iO tor TOWNSHIP 19 TOWNSHIP/18 QUAPPELLE RAILWAY STATION 86 SOLO C A N A O / 24 SOLO 12 -3^ -90>LB 30 19 18 CO oo SCl.OOL LANDS > T 20 ^ 3d sO^ II- 84 ^H 28 17 5 ^ ^ SOLO 16 9 117 16 10 8 RANGE 14 ^ ^- RANQE 13 Plan or the Albany Settlement, TOWNSHIP isr TOWNSHIP 18 RANGE 13 lY Settlement, Qu'Appelle Valley, Canada,. N.W.T. 10 QUOTATIONS FROM VARIOUS REPORTS UPON THE BELL FARM, QU'APPELLE VALLEY, CANADA, N.W.T. From " Canadian Pictures," by the Marquis op Lorne, K.T. THE BELL FARM (quotod from a letter dated 1883). "The dwelling hoase, or head-quarters of the farm, stands about a mile and a half from the railroad. It is a plain substantial building of stone. Surrounding it are a granary and store house, a large stone stable for horses, a blacksmith's shop, a shed for cattle, &c. The granary and store house are capable of holding 80,000 bushels of wheat, besides all the stores and implements for the use of the farm. In one compartment alone of this granary there were 8000 bushels (and then it was not half full) of the finest Fyfe wheat, yellow and pure as gold, without dirt or weed seeds of any kind. This year (1883) when the harvest has been in-gathered there will be 30,000 bushels of the sa* r0 acres. It has also received much oousideratiou because of the magnitude and excellence of its tillage 14 operations. It is, however, desirable to state that these points of detail are simply incidental to the carrying oat of a definite colonisation scheme. In my Report issued in 1883 this system was explained somewhat in detail, and I quote from it the following remarks — " I have now to report upon a colonisation scheme in which the work is being carried out by a company having the com- mand of a large capital. The general scheme is to bring the land into cultivation, dividing it into 300 farms, each having a comfort- able residence, with stabling and shedding enough for its stock. When this has been accomplished, these farms, with the stock and implements upon each, will be fairly valued, and the men who helped to carry out the improvements will each have the offer of his own farm at a valuation price, he paying for the same by a series of annual instalments. In the meantime each man receives wages, and he has his house and one acre of garden ground rent free." This colonisation scheme has much to commend it to our consideration, but modifications might be very advantageously introduced whereby gentlemen having some little capital to invest, may also be comfortably settled upon small farms. They might thus establish an agreeable association with other families near, of similar type and character, whilst the produce from their lands — aided by the game and fish of the district around — would practi- cally maintain their households in comfort. The discussions which have arisen as regards the relative advantages of large and small farms ai-e somewhat beside the mark, except so far as they render the preparation of the land for colonisa- tion purposes more or less economical. Major Bell is steadily advancing the arrangement for the development of the colonisation scheme, and the systematic operations upon the cultivated portions will greatly favour its success. The rate ' f wages has again fallen this last season, not only upon this farm, but generally throughout ( anada, and its important influence upon the introduction of capital, can only be beneficial. If a capitalist has to pay an unreasonable rate of wagts, it naturally checks his success in business. For a time very high wages wore paid, and often for an inferior class of workmen, but happily this i^ now altered. Liberal wages can still be secured by men who are capable of doing good work. Their prosperity in life is far more satisfactorily advanced by moderate wages, with some land of their own on which a cow, pigs, and poultry can be kept, rather than by excessive wages, which check the outlay of capital." 15 From " Successful Emigration," by Professor Tanner. " Through the kindness of Major W. R. Bell, of The Bell Farm, whose knowledge of the Canadian North- West ranks very high, I have been supplied with his statement of the expenditure which may be advantageously made by a gentleman in occupying 200 acres of good land, assuming that 50 acres are brought under crop in the first year, 140 acres in the second, and 190 acres in the third year. Expenditure in First Year. 3 Horses and Harness Hand Plough ... Harrow Waggon Seeder ... Self- binding Reaper Buckboard ... Sleigh ... Cow Labour — 1 Man 1 Year ,, Extra Man Harvest, 2 months 60 Bushels Seed, Wheat (40 acres)... 25 ,, ,, Oats (9 acres) Potatoes for Planting, 1 aero Threshing 1500 Bushels Oats and Hay for Horses ii s. d. 120 5 7 16 10 50 10 7 14 60 12 15 2 2 8 15 20 Cottage and Farm Buildings 300 £ 6G5 8 Expenditure in Second Year. Labour — 1 Man and 1 Boy ,, Extra Man, 6 months 200 Busliols Seed Wlieat, at 80 cents, per Bushel Seed Oats and Feed Oats Hay Threshing 4,000 Bushels, at 5 cents, per Bushel ... Twino for Binder Contingencies £ £ a. d. 84 36 32 36 (J 15 40 7 20 270 Expenditure in Third Year. Outlay as in Second Year Extra Coat of Throahiiig « • > £ £ K. d. 270 12 8 2.S2 8 16 We may now bring these statements of expenditure into con- trast with the receipts for the same period, and show the amount of capital required, assuming the whole of the labour is performed by hired workmen. Expenditure. First Year : As per statomcnt Second Year : As per statement Less cash from first crop Third Year : As per statement Cash from second crop Excess on the year Vahie of third crop Receipts over expenditure £ s. d. 665 8 270 196 282 8 600 317 12 800 1117 12 378 4 Capital required. £ s. d. 665 8 74 739 8 739 8 Value of Crops. First Year : 40 acres wheat 9 acres oats . . Second Year: 140 acres wheat 10 acres oats ... Third Year : 190 acres wheat 10 acres oats . . £ s. d. 160 36 196 560 40 600 760 40 800 Major Bell calculates that after the third year, although the capital invested upon the farm has been rc-paid, the annual receipts and expenditure may be calculated upon as in the third year, show- ing a clear annual profit of over £500. But whilst showing the advantages of having a full amount of capital, wc must avoid throwing the least discouragement upon men having smaller sums at their disposal. These persons are bound to take a longer time in attaining the same result. In the cases named we have seen the accumulation of profits soon making the receipts greater than the expenditure. Such i*esults are quickly gained, because all the arrangements are thoroughly complete. If the arrangements are less perfectly organised, proportionately more time has to bo given for securing any given result. There is, however, one great satisfaction — for H the desired results be delayed, matters roll on comfortably in the interval, and if some patience has to be exercised, it is not de- manded under trying circumstances." ' I r% 1 i L- (>'.; ,-■' . <.v- The Albany Agricultural College ON THE BELL FAKM, QU'APPELLE VALLEY, CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. It has long- been recognised as most desirable for gentlemen who intend to settle in Canada, that facilities should be within their command whereby a good general knowledge of the most shc- eessfnl systems of farm practice may bo obtained without their having to cast aside the comforts of an English home. Success, however, demands a far broader knowledge than the best agricul- tural experience. The conditions of life differ so greatly from those corrmion in England, that if i> person would be successful in Imsiness, and also thoroughly enjoy "Life in Canada," he must adapt himself to such a prudent coui-se of procedure, as experience has proved to be best suited to the district in which he proposes to settle. The want of such opportunities lias caused many a failure amongst young English Capitalists, who by such aid might have become; wealthy and [)rosperous. The establishment of The Albany Agricultural College affords an opportunity for securing these important results. Any farther particulars may be obtained on written application to Processor Tanner, Institute of Agriculture, South Kensington, London.