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EMIGRATION 
 
 
 OB 
 
 NO EMIGRATIO:^ 
 
 FACTS FOR EMIGKANTS. 
 
 M 
 
 ., V, BELFAST: 
 W. & G. BAIRD, PllINTEKS, AUTlIUlt STllIiET. 
 
 ^w 
 
 1874. 
 
TO THE FARMERS, FARM LABOURERS, 
 AND SERVANT GIRLS OF IRELAND. 
 
 My object in publishing this pamphlet is to ask you to decide 
 for yourselves who ia your best friend — the man vho advises 
 you to emigrate, not because he does not love Ireland, but 
 because your comfort and independence are of more interest to 
 him than his love for Irish soil — or the men who, for iheir owa 
 purposes, advise you to remain in your native land in beggary. 
 I give you the letters of those who are opposed to emigration, 
 as much as they write about Canada, taking from the long- 
 winded letters of an eccentric old gent' nan what he writes about 
 the StatCid, and what has o,s much connection with Canada as 
 China or Japan. The correspondence commenced, as you may 
 see, by my questioning the assertion of the editor of the News- 
 Letter, when in an editorial he said that " if you worked as hard 
 here as you would have to do in Canada, you could attain to as 
 good positions." Please bear in mind, this was the commence- 
 ment, for you may see that when I proved that the farmers of 
 Ireland could not afford to pay the wages paid by Canadian 
 farmers, owniug, free of all rent, from 200 to 700 acres, my 
 opponents changed their tactics, and attacked the climate of 
 Canada. When I proved from the health returns of the British 
 army, and from the bills of mortality, that Canada is a much 
 healthier country than this, the on'y reply I received was a 
 statement of the rate of mortality in New York, which, as a 
 gentleman who had lived in Canada, very truly said, had as 
 much to do with the climate of Canada as the dim ite of Hindo- 
 stan has to do with the Province of Ulster. 
 
 Failing in proving any of their statements, they latterly 
 became offensive, and judging me by themselves, insinuated that 
 I advised my countrymen to leave their homes simply for the 
 sake of gain, forgetting, or jirctendimj to forget, that I proved all 
 my assertions by letters from emigrants to their relatives. As 
 proof of the extremity to which they were driven, they pub- 
 lished with a great flonrish a letter from an Aberdeen farmer, 
 which, I venture to say, you will agree with me, is the most 
 ridiculous story ever copied into a newspaper. A more stupid 
 blundering lie never was concocted by any man fit to be at large ; 
 no wonder, I eaid, that the manufacturer of such a story should 
 be in a lunatic asylum. 
 
You will know what value to put upon the letters of " One 
 "Who Has Travelled In Canada." He finds fault with Canada, 
 becauHe it has a cle<ir atmosphere ! and because men cannot 
 drink without the risk of iMiriutn tremem I Now, if anv of you 
 contemplate going to Canada in order to indulge lu cheap 
 whiskey, I beg of you, by the love I have for Canada, stay at 
 home. Canadian whiskey is cheap, but you are certain to get 
 ddlrlum tremenxiiyow drink it, same as if you drink Irish whiskey. 
 The same writer warns Canadian farmers that if they give £80 
 or 4*40 a year and board to their labourers, thoy will soon be in 
 the Bankruptcy court. How considerate ? how kind ? to warn the 
 simple Canadians ! He is nearly as solicitous about their welfare 
 as about the welfare of Irishmen ; and yet wishing to do good by 
 stealth, ho does not give his name ! Then we have " Patriot," 
 who would get up a fund to pubUsh the correspondence on 
 ** Emigratioi or No Emigration," and he, too, not willing that 
 Lis " right hand should know what his left doeth," withholds his 
 name. There is nothing in " Pdtriotism'' to be ashamed of ; 
 therefore, it must be the extreme modesty of these writers which 
 caused them to write anonymously. But yet it is possible, that 
 if we scratched the " Patriotism" we might find self interest in 
 the form of cheap labour, beneath the skin ; and, if we had the 
 name of " One Who Has Travelled In Canada," we might find 
 him an employer of labour in Belfast, to whom Emigration means 
 increased wages. Can any of these writers shew me a man in 
 Ireland who commenced as a farm labourer, and who now owns 
 100 acres of laud ? I can shew them hundreds in Canada who 
 are proud to tell that they landed at Quebec with a few shillings 
 in their pocket, and can now point to their splendid well-stocked 
 farms. I defy these anonymous writers to get me the second 
 generation of farm labourers in Canada, for the farm labourer 
 in a few years becomes the owner of a farm, and the employer of 
 labourers. Have farm labourers in Ireland any prospect but the 
 workliouse when they become too old to work ? I have been in 
 the farm labourers' cabins in Canada, and saw the pig hung up, 
 and the barrel of flour in the comer, for the use of the family ; 
 and better than all, the man who owned the cabui told me that 
 in two years he expected to own his own farm. I havs seen the 
 farmers' wives buy their BOlbs. cattie of tea, the box of raisins, 
 and other goods in proportion. I have seen them drive to their 
 places of worship with their two-horse machine, and plated 
 harness. On a late occasion, I was told by p. J.P. of the County 
 Cavan, that he had seen a letter from a man, who, before he leffc 
 Ireland, was one of the poorest fanners, in a very poor di<5trict, 
 and that the account he gave of Canada, was such, that he 
 believed if it were published, there would not be a small farmer 
 in the locality he left, in six months ; but he said he would take 
 very good care I would not get the letter. 
 
• » 
 
 Now is it very cruel of me to advise you to go to such a country '/ 
 Do you think so ? Why take the ntory of the suppcetl Aberdeen 
 farmer, and, for the sake of argument, suppose it true. What 
 have we ? A young college educated man, commencing to farm 
 with i;150, and in ,/i/U'en years he has one farm worth irl.OOO. 
 This, mind you, after paying enormous fees to doctors, ten times 
 the fees ever paid by any other person in Canada, after the loss 
 of sheep and oxen. Now, how many of you have made £l,Ol)0 
 in 15 years, out of £150 capital ? And this is the story which 
 requires no comment to make you all shun Canada ! 
 
 I wrote far more strongly in favour of Canada before I 
 dreamed of being engaged as emigration agent than I did since 
 my appointment, simply because I saw the independence of men 
 who left my native coun+ry — labouring men — and who, if they 
 had remained in Ireland, would be labouring men as long as 
 they were able to work, and aftfer that — the workhouse ; and 
 because when I asked these men, did you write home your ex- 
 perience of 'Canada ? and got the reply — " No, Mr. Foy, we did 
 not ; for, if we did, it would not be believed, and if our neigh- 
 bours in Ireland won't come and sec for themselves, let them 
 remain in poverty — they deserve no better." I was determined 
 thiit the people of Ireland should hear of the advantages of, 
 emigration to Canada, and wrote letters on Canada to the Daily 
 Express, Dublin, and other of the leading journals of Ireland. 
 When the Government decided upon sending emigration agents 
 to Europe, I wrote to the Canadian press, expressing a hope 
 that the North of Ireland would not be neglected, and offering 
 to go if no better representative offered. This is the history of 
 my coming here to encourage emigration to Canada, and I am 
 proud and thankful to be able to tell you that my greatest reward 
 IS the knowledge that I have sent thousands of my countrymen 
 from dependence and beggary to independeiice and happiness. 
 I expect, when I pay a visit to Canada soon, to be the welcome 
 guest of numbers who, I am sure, will sliew me with pride their 
 comfortable well- stocked houses ; therefore, I care nothing for 
 the attacks of self-interested, self-called patriots ! 
 
 I will give you the opinions of a few independent writers '6n 
 Canada, and leave the coi'respondence for your own judgments, 
 and I am much mistaken if you do not see through the pretended 
 love of country and countrymen, of the anonymous writers in the 
 News-Letter. Dr. MacCormick writes over his own name, but 
 he 'writes nearly altogether about the States, rnth which, as I 
 before said, I have nothing whatever to do. 
 
 Marshall says — " The virgin soil of the country is ordinarily 
 BO rich that the settler finds no inducement to treat it with con- 
 sideration. Wheat crops are frequently raised in constant suc- 
 cession, and with little or no diminution of return for over a 
 
J^. 
 
 dozen uf years. Farm manure is frequently thrown away to 
 save the trouble of carrying it to the lauxl." 
 
 The same writer gives an account of a District Agricultural 
 Fair held in London, Province of Ontario, and says — 
 
 ^,** The fair vnis held for throe days toward the end of September. 
 Nearly ten thousand persons passed within the grounds, during 
 
 , the last day. The .scene presented a fair picture of prosperity, 
 
 .KJoncent, and advancement. The stalwart, burly, jovial farmers 
 would have compared favourably with any similar gathering in 
 the old country. Their wives, plainly dressed, absorbed in 
 examining improved butter churns and wringing machines, 
 looked cheerful and well to do. The daughters, plump and 
 rosy cheeked, daintily trimmed from feather to shoe-buckle, 
 casting di-mure glances from the calves and sheep among the 
 crowd, in search of acquaiatances, seemed the very models of 
 young hou!?ewives to make a new farm complete — as many of 
 the'tall young farmers, in cut-away coats, and astonishing caps, 
 evidently concluded. There appeared little danger, I thought, 
 of the farming lands being less well- managed by the new 
 
 , generation." 
 
 ». Lord Sydenham says — "I am delighted to have seen this 
 country. You can conceive nothing finer. The most magnificent 
 soil in the world, four feet of vegetable mould — a climate 
 certainly the best in North America — the greater part of it 
 
 ;.^ilidmirably watered. In a word, there is land enough, and 
 caprbilities enough, for many millions of people, and in one of 
 the best parts of the world." 
 
 ^ Another writer, MacMuUan, s&ys — " The present condition of 
 Canada points to a future national greatness of no ordinary 
 magnitude. Her inland seas and noble rivers have already 
 become the highways of a vast and rapidly iucreasing commerce ; 
 and the morning voice of a new na,tion resounds over a scene as 
 varied as it is beautiful. In the foreground stand the populous 
 
 ^{Cities and flourishing towns, which stud the margins of her 
 rivers, and the shores of her lakes ; in the perspective, repose 
 the free and happy homes of her rural population. The farmer 
 is the owner in fee-simple of the soil he tills, and rejoices in an 
 
 ! independence of the most sturdy and complete character. In 
 the voxious industrious professions, enterprise, economy, and 
 prudence rarely fail to secure siiccess, while in numberless 
 instances they have been the avenues to wealth. This country 
 abounds with merchants and manufacturers, who have been 
 eminently successful ; and every-day experience pi-esents to our 
 notice, mechanics that have won their way to positions alike, 
 well merited and honourable. Social equality prevails in Canada. 
 The most elevated in condition cannot aflord to disregai'd a 
 neighbour, however humble, and finds that an affable demeanour 
 
and coartcouH mann(^rs ai'oindi.sponsably necessary to a comfort- 
 able iutorcourso with the community in whicli he resides. 
 Abundance of employment, and woU-paid Ittbour, raises even the 
 ordinary workiiip: man — if ho is at all industrious — above the 
 accidents of want, and imparts to liira a feeling of genuine 
 independence. As a necessary consequence of this state of 
 things, serious crime is veryraro in the rural districts, and a few' 
 rustic constables suffice to preserve order, while assize courts 
 are frequently held at county tov/ns, representing an adjoining 
 population of from fifty to eight thousancl souls, at which the / 
 criminal calendar docs not oontu'n lialf-a-dozen names. At the > 
 same time, Canada has neither pooi laws nor poor houses. The ( 
 majority of the agricultural population of Ontario maybe re- 
 garded as a body of small gontlomei farmers, who po-isess 
 comfortable homes, eat and drink the fat if the land, dross well, 
 and ride to church and market in handsomA-* sprhig waggons and 
 carriages ; but who at the same time, owing to ihe high value of 
 labour, are obliged to aid in working their own estates. The 
 progress of this class during the last tweuty years, in acquiring 
 all the solid comforts, and not a few even of the luxuries of life, 
 has been very great. Agricultural labour — saving machines- 
 have materially lightened their toil, and enabled them to devote 
 more time to the improvements of their farms and their 
 houses." 
 
 As to climate, hear what Dr. Philpot, Assistant Surgeon to 
 Her Majesty's forces in the Crimea and Turkey, says — '^ Canada 
 is, without doubt, an exceptionally healthy country. I do not 
 hesitate to make this statement after an experience of seven 
 years in the Colony, engaged in an extensive medical practice. 
 The most common complaint among the settlers is simple 
 functional derangement of the digestive organs, mairly attribut- 
 able to the habit of eating in too great a hurry, and occupying 
 themselves with severe manual labour immediately after meals. 
 Canadians, as a rule, live well. Meat, vegetables, puddings, 
 tarts, dried fruits, plenty of clieese, milk, eggs, and butter, being 
 supplied in abundance; at all their meals. The per centage of 
 death from pulmonary consumption is far lower than in Eng 
 laud. In the Ijake Superior country it is almost unknown. As 
 a race, the Canadians are fine, tall, handsome, powerful men, 
 well built, active, tough as a pine-knot, * and bearded Uke pards.' 
 The good food upon which they have been brought up appears 
 to develop them to the fullest proportion of the genus 
 man." 
 
 Now, this is the country which I have the honour of repre- 
 senting ; this is the country I am anxious that you should go 
 to ; it is within a few days' sailing of Ireland ; it is a land which 
 is crying out for haud« to till }:er soil. 
 
a Tands 
 Teemo with good ungatlutrtjd bread ; 
 
 Here a waste of noble liaudn 
 Longs to work, and to be fed : 
 
 Tutu the bands upon the land- 
 Nothing more do I demand." 
 
 If you prefer independence and plenty to penury and Bcrvility, 
 you will not, 1 think, take long in deciding whether to go or to 
 remain here. If you decide on remaining, you need not com- 
 plain of poverty, an the fault will be your own. I have done my 
 duty by telling you where you could liud " wealth for honest 
 labour." •Afijis , x*, 
 
 ,. '-■ \ CHARIES FOY. 
 
 Canadian QoTernment Emigration Bopartmont, 
 Offices— 11, Claremont Street, Belfast, 
 J.;:.'. ,. June, 1874. 
 
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ADVANTAGES OP KMIGRATION. 
 
 TO THE EDITOll OP THE BELFAST SKW8-LETTEB. 
 
 giji — 111 an article on emigration in the Newa-Letter of thia day 
 you Bay, " It is pretty certain, as a rule, if they (emigrants) had 
 to.led as much iu the land of their birth the majority of them 
 Tfould have fared as well in the cud." 
 
 Now, though my duty is to encourage emigration to Canada, 
 for wiii'^h I am paid by the Dominion Government, 1 can say, 
 •with all tjinccrity, that if I thought labouring men, small 
 farmers, and servant girls could do as well in my native as in my 
 adoptt'.. country, I woulO at once admit Othello's occupation gone, 
 and would leturn to Canida; but knowing that they cannot, and 
 not being able to see " thr good time coming," when I might expecfe 
 they could, I advise the classes I have mentioned to emigrate, and 
 I tell them thut nothing short of madness or laziness can keep 
 them toiling in this country for a mere existence, when ten or 
 twelve days will bring them to a country where industry and 
 frugality are sure to earn iadependence. 1 engage farm labourers 
 at £40 a year and their board. At present I want a ploughman 
 for a friend, and I would advance his passage, and give him a 
 year's engagement at the wages I have named. Can the farmers 
 of Ireland, as a rule, afford these wages ? But what is of infinitely 
 more importance — in a few years the labourer in Canada becomes 
 the owner of a farm. Can you give me any reason for hoping 
 this will ever be the case in Irel,- d? I love the "green hills 
 of Ireland, and agree with you that nowhere in the world will 
 the Irish emigrants s-e hills as green as those they leave behind. 
 But a beautiful landscape will not give good meat three times daily 
 to the farm-labourer — will not enable him to become the owner of a 
 good farm, acknowledging no superior but his Creator. L am in 
 receipt, by every mail, of money forwarded from friends in Canada 
 to send out relatives, and even acquaintances. What better proof 
 that they have proven the advantages their friends can have in 
 Canada. By your kindness, and the kindness of the editors of 
 other newspapers, I have published letters from emigrau. who 
 know very well how they could have done in Ireland, ant who 
 thank God that they went to Canada. 
 
 The following is an extract from the letter of a rector in the 
 South of Ireland : — 
 
 " To Charles Foy, Esq. 
 
 «< 
 
 "A young Protestant woman, about thirty-two years of age, 
 who has lived with me for the past fifteen years, is anxious to join 
 ber father, mothor, brothers, and sisters in Canada. 
 
d 
 
 >\- 
 
 ' 1 :ti 
 
 II J . 
 
 I sent her brother out at iriy own expense about nine years ago. 
 At the end of a year he sent home money sufficient to bring out 
 his father, mother, brother, and sister ; and he has now a fine 
 farm of ITO acres, and got £150 with his wife. His sister mar- 
 ried a young man with a fine farm, already cleared, inherited from 
 his father : and the others are doing well, and all would not now 
 return to ^\hat they call * the land of potatoes and sour milk.' " 
 
 Now, give me the equal of this in Ireland, 
 
 The wiitCi of the following is well known in Belfast ; — 
 
 ■ ' ^^^"«*?. im^:,.^' "4, Elgin Terrace, Antrim Road, 
 
 ynni ^.u^^miu^; ^u. .. ,b , ,. ,.:., _ • ^ay 2nd. 
 
 " Deab S'?x — Enclosed is Wm. Farr's letter, which I only re- 
 ceived from Glenavy this morning. You may make what use you 
 like of it. It speaks well, his leaving last August with a wife 
 and three young children being able to send, as he has done^ 
 SIX pounds to his brother. — I am, yours very truly, 
 
 ^Charles Wm. Haeoino, v- 
 
 «, .,«n^I«i n,f^i ..v,.«-=.-^ ? .,.v,.v..f. Curate, St. James' Church;**' 
 
 "William Farr, nann<>d in this letter, was living or rather narely 
 existing, in ' Tfretched cabin at Glenavy. At the request of Mr. 
 Harding I assisted him to Canada. 
 
 No amount of writing could convince tho men whose cases I 
 have given that if they toiled as much in the land of their birth 
 they V ould fare as well in the end. | \^ ;;• „ .iv 
 
 I believe that the bad times in the States have mucli lo^o'-vi^Mi' 
 the decrease in emigration ; and, unfortunatelj', many people 
 make no distinction between Canada and the States. I have 
 endeavoured to show them that whilst work is not to be had in the 
 States we|,haYe work fpr ail in Canada at good wages, — yours 
 truly, r'* r ""T'"* ""'' Chaele<j Fot."** 
 
 Canadian Government Emigration /^7wm .^s^ftu.-ii 4 
 
 Department, Offices — 11, Clare-i^Wf^tf! «jj» 4;* 
 
 mont Street, Belfast, 16th May, • '•'fufirf •twu- ^i .si,,r.ati|;> ' 
 
 m\if km ^\.Hi^\mA Q^^ 
 
 SlE- 
 
 TO THE ZDITOB OF THE BELFAST KEW8-LETTEB. 
 
 -It is not all gold that glitters. Irovidenoe, no donbt, inter.ds 
 
 that tiie waste places of earth shall be irLproved and tilled, but people who 
 intend to migiate ought at least to know what is before them. Money in 
 jnillions, along with the bone and sinew of our people, are going, have 
 gene, to an encrnaous extent, principally to the United States, secondarily 
 to Canada and elBewherc. I maintain that in these countries, in Ireland 
 especially, there is profitable scope and occupation for that ** bone and 
 sinew," tor those "millions," for long years to come. Not only mJ^ht 
 extended wastes be i-eclaimed, wide stretches of laud now idly occupiea by 
 
tr 
 
 
 the watery vast lakes, Lough Larue, Lough Neagh, Lough Erno, Lough 
 Strangford, the Shannon borders, aud others drained, but the existing 
 arable sv^aces made most readily to yield double or treble what they now 
 produce by better tillage aud the adoption of a sanitary humui. Were ttis 
 done, ivera associ.itions formed to enable farmers, labourers, servants, 
 mechanics, and others to 'uvest tlieir earnings in real estate, aud were Mr. 
 Thornton's suggestions adopted as to the extensive creation of small 
 proprietors not to dwell on the simple tenancy of tbe soil, then might 
 Ireland, I affirm, sustain easily its twenty millions of inhabitants. 
 
 The toil, the labou/, the good conduct, the temperance, and the 
 strenuous economy essential to snccesa in Canada and tho United States 
 would bo found quite as productive of good results bare. Intelligent, well- 
 conducted people, with education in their heads, ana a little money in tboir 
 pockets, do well in the magniiicent lands of Canada and tho States ; but 
 money and intelligence enable people to do well everywhere. As for the 
 labourer, the man without education and without means, he simply beoonies 
 a hewer of wood and drawer of water. Supposing a man does get 100 acres 
 in Canada or the States, what la he to do with them ? It needs no common 
 resolution, industry, and intelligence to deal successfully with one hundreti 
 acres. It needs, indeed, money and means and time, and labour as well, 
 which one man cannot adequately supply, and when haply sapplied, these 
 acres produce a hardly suiScing retnrn. 
 
 Henry MxcConuAC, M.D. 
 
 Belfast, 18th May, 1874. , ^, , ** . 
 
 (M, K« E I» Xi TT . ifcf wo.i tt>K I-.-aiK '" 
 
 TO THE EDITOII OF THE BELFAST NKWS-IiETTEIt. 
 
 Sir. — I read Dr. MaoCormac's letter in the I^ews-Lettcr of this morning. ; 
 Tbe doctor has so mixed Canada and the United States as to render it « 
 difficult for the representativo of only one of theui — Canada — to reply. , 
 However, as to the climate of Canada I presume that the doctor will admit 
 •what the bills of mortality tell — viz., tbe number o.f deaths to every 10,000 
 in Canada, as a whole, is 98 ; in the United States it is 124 ; and in Great 
 Britain it is two hundred and eleven. 
 
 While emigrants write such letters as tho following to their friends, 
 the advice of Dr. MaoCormac or no person else will persuade their friends 
 to remain in Ireland, Micawber like, waiting for " the good time coming." 
 
 The writer of the following was in theR.I.C, nteti 9d in BeHast, and , 
 left in 1872 ; had barely what peiJ the passages of himhelf and his newly- j 
 married wife : — ^ 
 
 ■ -"' " Aliston Brook, Co. Lambton, Province Ontario, Canada, 
 
 8th September, 1872. 
 
 " Dbab Father-in-law— I drop a few lines again to yon. I hope they 
 will find you in good health, i expect to go to London the 8th October to 
 get a passage ticket for Tom if he will come out in November." . . . 
 
 " October 11th, 1872. 
 • " Dear Father in-law — I send thece few lines to let you know that 
 we are all well. Dear Sir, I am glad Tom is coming out. I have a place 
 
 for him at 7s. 3.Jd. a-day all the year. I sent £9 to Mr. to pay Tom'a 
 
 passage and buy some things ho may want. If he is short of money 
 when he lands at Portland let him stop in some place, and write to me for 
 more," 
 
 " October aist, 1873. 
 " Dear Brother — I changed my mind since I wrote. I want 70U out 
 this Winter. I told you in my last that Tom and I were at work\.n our 
 
i I 
 
 "1 
 
 .'it 
 
 own farm. We bought 100 acres of land and sold it out again, and bought 
 the timber of 100 acres, and arc going to make hoops. We have two yeare 
 to take the hoop timber off the place, from the 1st January, 1874, so we 
 want Philip to come out this Winter, and we can all work together. We 
 have two men hired at present for six months each. I am sending your 
 passnge to Mr. Foy, 11, Claremont Street, Belfast, the gentleman ly whose 
 advice I came to this country. His office is near the Workhouse on tho 
 Lisbum Road. Be sure and make no del&y when you get this letter. I 
 will send you £2 to get yoo ready. Ask Mr. Foy for a certificate, and he 
 wll give it to you. That is for 6 dols. of your passage-money that you will 
 get back when you are three months here. ... I send a few 
 lines from Mary." 
 
 From the Wife :— 
 
 " Deah Fathkb and MoTHEn — I am greatly disappointed that you 
 would not let my sister come out to me. I li ive a great dea' to do, and it 
 would be a great comfort and ease to me if I had Mary to Ljlp me. I did 
 not want her to go to strangers, if she had come to me. ... I hope 
 you are all well. I am in good health, thank God. I have good care and 
 good food ; everyone gets good food. I would wish to see you aU in this 
 country cf ours." . • 
 
 From a labouiing man whose passage I advanced in April, 1873 : — 
 
 " Acpeau, November 10, 1873, 
 
 " Mr. A. M'Laren, JElaughlan, Liurgan — 
 
 " Sib — I am now labouring in the farm with the employer to whom 
 Mr. Foy sent mo. This land is a very nice lor my soil. There is very 
 little woodland here. As far as I can see all around me the land is in a 
 high state of jviltivatiou, and the fields are all pretty large, from sixteen to 
 twenty acres in each field. The potatoes are all very large, and a great 
 many at the stock. I never seen as good a crop at Baughlan. The farm 
 is 200 acres in size, and there is a good stock of cattle on it ; also, there are 
 splendid hay-b&rns herei The work I have got to do here is much the 
 same as I had with you ; sometimes carting, helping to milk the cattle, and 
 such like. Dear Sir, I am well cared for. I get fleshmeat three times 
 a-day, tea twice, and butter iu abundance. The wages I had at home 
 would not purchase the food that I get here. Tell James Castles that I 
 am Hlbs. heavier since I came here. The beef is doing the work. I sent 
 a letter to Elizabeth on Saturday last, and £2 in it. So long as I am ia 
 health I can send her plenty. Thank God for all His mercies to ns.-i-' 
 I remain, yours truly, 
 
 " John Stevenson." 
 
 From a County Tyrone emigrant to his brother, wanting him and family of 
 ^ 311 to leave Ireland and go to Canada, which they did on the 22nd 
 November following the date of this letter :— 
 
 " Tyendina'go, Napaneo, Canadtfr, 
 .pfp* ^^jfttf. ^«rttr>+ft(F» . 22nd October, 1872. 
 
 "My dear Bbothebs and Sisters— I received your long looked-for 
 letter. I received it ou the lUth, and now hasten to answer. You want 
 to know if you could do better in Canada than in Ireland. I Bhall let you 
 know how some men are getting on here. I know sev<)ral mei: who came to 
 Canada, some with £1, some with £2, and some had to work their way here 
 who are worth thousands of pounds now. One man told me that he had 
 6d. when ho lauded at Quebec, and now his proparty could not be bought 
 for £7,000, and he is not iiie only man -there are hundreds like him. 
 There is no man who comes here, but can do well if he is industrious and 
 atteu'^s to his business. There is plenty of employment for every man, 
 
 m 
 
11 
 
 woman, and child here. If all in Ireland would come they would 
 get employment. . . . Dear brother, if you bad left Ireland 
 ten years ago you would have been independent now. Your boys could 
 earn from £2 to £S a-monih, and your girls £1 a month. I am paying s^ , 
 man Ss. a day for splitting rails for fencing. I sell them at £1 pQci 
 10(). . . . Adam said when he read your letter that you could do 
 better in this country by begging than in Ireland on a small farm, ... 
 Dear brother, I think the soonar you leave Ireland the better for both yotl ^ 
 and your family. I would not live in Ireland on the best farm you could j 
 hunt up. No farmer could live in Ireland as h^ cau here. Our pork waBjt 
 done last week. I will kill a sheep to do until the weather gets cool enouglij) 
 to kill my hogs. I am fattening two beef cattle, one to sell and the othec | 
 to kill for ourselves. . , . We have a veij plentiful harvest. I never , 
 saw better times in Canada. — Yolir affectionate brother." |r 
 
 I could give hundreds of such letters ; but if intending emigrants ask^* 
 any of the agents of the Dominion or Allan Line of steamers for pamphlets * 
 on Canada, they will find them in the pamphlets " The New Dominion, 'V' 
 " Canada the Land of Homes," and "Information to Emigrants," published " 
 Tespectively in 71, '72, and '73. -Yours truly. 
 
 Canadian Government Emigration Department. 
 
 Office — 11, Claremont Street, Belfast, 
 
 19th of May, 1874. 
 
 Chables Fot. 
 
 -Wfl i\d- 
 
 ! ) PMiMfi 
 
 ') 
 
 TO THE BDrrOB OF THE BELFAST NEWS-LETTER. j 
 
 Sib, — Mr. Foy's letters about Canada make one's mouth water. It is a.'- 
 veritable land of Cocaigne, and, if we aria to believe it, tha doings of '< 
 Comachos' wedding all over again. But in stem reality the fresh meat, 
 were it even once a-day, is not to be looked for in the bush , and if you choose 
 to consume it three times daily in the towns, you must work and pay for it. '- 
 The workiu" man just now, I submit, is just as well off here as in the States, • 
 or even in Canada. He cannot siock and occupy a farm, even if his single- i 
 handed industry sufficed to till it. Mr. Foy knows as well as we do that" 
 working men do not get 78 3jd the year round, or half the year round, in 
 Canada. " Lumbering" excepted, the nature of the climate forbids out-door 
 labour daring the greater rortion of the twelvemonth. The Irishman 
 haunts the towns in Caca.ia, as he does in the United States, and .s the 
 victim of the diseases that spring from crowding and destitution in one 
 place as in ihe other. Mr. Foy's statement of the relative mortality, as 
 between Cauaiia, England, and the States, is quite incorrect. The fall 
 disease or infantile dysentry, a malady comparatively unknown in England, 
 is very destructive in the States. Intermittent fever, alike unknown here, 
 is oeriously prevalent in both countries, and, while it lasts, incapacitates the 
 sufferer from all effort. Periodic fever and other fevers destroy the stamina 
 of multitudes. Consumption and typhus fever, both of them, are frequent 
 and fatal. Tho average mortality is quite as great in Canada as in England, 
 and, as for the United States, the mortality among the Irish emigrants 
 exceeds the mortality of any European country. Let Mr. Foy revel himself 
 in bis Utopia if he will, but let him suffer our countrymen to improve the 
 poil and their circumstances in the country which Providence has provided 
 as their heritage, and where they may thrive, if they please, just as well as 
 in the Western wilderness or In the crowded precinota of American and 
 Canadian towns.— I am, dfc;, 
 
 Belfast, 2lBt May, 1874. 
 
 Hbnrt MacOobmac, 3I.D. 
 
wm 
 
 K,B3 I» liir 
 
 ■rn 
 
 C'ii- 
 
 IJ: 
 
 (, ( TO THE EDITOR OF THE BELFAST NEWS-LETTKR. 
 
 Sir, — I hope yonr readers will not think it a reflection on their 
 inttiillgence in my saying that I am not the compiler of the bills of mortality. 
 But as Dr. MacOormao asserts that my statement is incorrect, I would be 
 obliged if he would give me the Government returns ; also the class in 
 which the returns from tiie Britisa military stations place Uanada. Has the 
 Doctor ever been in Canada ? I can scarcely think he has, when he seema 
 to know of only the towns and the bush. Lord Liagar was surprised and 
 delighted with the splendidly cultivated farms, themagaifioient farm-houses 
 ttnd buildings, which he saw in travelling through Canada. A Canadian 
 farmer exported to the Earl of Dunmore (Scotland) six head of cattle, which, 
 old and young, were purchased in Canad", at £ 1,000 a head. It is amusiag 
 to hear a man say that meat is not to be had in the bush. The man 
 Stevenson, who mentioned the vieat three times a-day, did not write from a 
 town, but from a farm of 200 acres. I was not aware till n->w that the towns 
 were the places in which beef was raised. I never ask an intelligent, matter- 
 of-fact publin to accept assertions without proofs, and I am sure your readers 
 will see that the Doctor endeavours to put the reports of emigrants as coming 
 from me — a paid agent of the Government of Canada— but I won't permit 
 him. The man who wrote to his father-in-law that he had 7s 3.Jd a-day 
 secured for his brother-in-law is ex-Policeman Magaire, and his father-ia- 
 law is James Rice, of Ballinderry, in the County Antrim. 
 
 I must repeat that I have nothing to say to the crowded cities of the 
 States ; but I will tell the Doctor that of the thousands whom I have sent to 
 Canada more than 95 per ■'ent. went to farms. But the Doctor h&a found a 
 real sore in Canada. " Men who wish to have meat three times a-day must 
 work and pay for it !" I thank the Doctor for publishing this information ; 
 it is what I am constantly telling intending emigrants. There is work for 
 all willing to and able to work ; but we have no place in Canada for drones. 
 Dr. MaoCormac mentions consumption as prevalent, bat whether in 
 Canada or the States I cannot tell, as he persists in jumbling together the 
 •«wo countries. If he mean Canada I will give him a c ise, as I dislike 
 assertions without authority. A stationmaster on the Irish North- Western 
 Railway, stationed at Ballibay, named Cunningham, was threatened with 
 consumption. A friend who had been in Uanada advised him to try that, 
 climate. He writes home that he enjoys robust health, and advises others 
 to go. Though I believe this man would not write an untruth to his friends, 
 after reading Dr. MacGormac'a letter, I might admit that Cunnin^^ham is 
 under a delusion, same as the other emigrants wlio describe Canada as a 
 " Utopia," and of whose letters, for want of any other argument, the Doctor 
 would try to make me the "author. But the attempt to make Mie hard- 
 working labouring men »nd small farmsrs of Ireland believe that their 
 fiiends send them money and encouragement to go to a country such as the 
 Doctor describes, tends only to make the subject ludicrous ; nor will the 
 people accept the Doctor's a6f;ertion that the bills of mortality are wrong 
 except he gives proof. T nearly forgot the Doctor's assertion that oat-door 
 labour is suspended during the greater portion of the twelve months. If this 
 were so, the farm labourers whom I engaged at £10 a year, with the meat 
 three times a day, should have jolly times sittiog round the bright log fires 
 in Winter. The Doctor may not know that in the Spring of '73 I advanced 
 over £800 of passage-money for farm Itbourers who were engaged at from 
 £86 to £40 a-year and their boarl; and by the steamer which left Belfast 
 on the loth I sent Wm. Johnston, Samuel Wright, and James M'Clelland, 
 engaged at £40 a-year and their board. These men were from Greyabbey ;. 
 and men who went in the Spring of '73 recommend'adthem to iheir employer, 
 who forwarded the money to me to pay tlieir passages. 
 
13 
 
 ■0 l=.vjfreht:%t^ tn/r .r;3ir,T m-'U 
 
 ' Facts arc cbiels tuat wiuna ding, 
 And caiiua be disputed." 
 
 And if the Doctor wish zny attention paid to further oorrespondenoe on 
 ths subject of emigration let him give proofs, not assertions.— Yonrs 
 truly, Chaulxs Foy. 
 
 TO THE editor OF THE BELFASl NEWS-LETTEB. 
 
 'lA 
 
 .)■ Sir — If Mr. Foy's communications to you in your paper be as valuable 
 as they are pertinacious un the subject of emigration to Canada you ought 
 to feel greatly indebted to him for the number of them. It ought to ba 
 remembered, however, that Mr. Foy acts the part merely of a paid agent, 
 and that it is emphatically his business to write up Canada ; and it must 
 be admitted that he does his best to earn his salary. In his letter in your 
 paper of to day he states having sent out last week three men from Greyabbey 
 on a yearly engagement of £40 and their board. I should like to know the 
 class of these men and the purpose for which they were engHged. Were 
 they of the ordinary farming labouring class, as his letter would indicate, or 
 •were they men of superior intelligence and experienc6, fitted to take charge 
 of large farms and to oversee the labour of others ? I strongly suspect the 
 latter will be found to be the case ; and if so, I do not consider much boast 
 
 i, may be made of the engagement, as not very dissimilar terms are very often 
 
 ■' available at home when superior capacity and intelligence are forthcoming. 
 , ' I take leave also to greatly doubt if any farmer in Canada, let him have his 
 
 .land as he may, would be able to pay anything like an average of £4'" a-year 
 and board, to the bulk of his farm labourers. It is not too much to say that 
 it le attempted such a task, with the low price of produce in Canada, he 
 would soon be in the bankrupt list. I have a feeling thai in all these 
 matters Mr. Foy proves a great deal too much. 
 
 In conclusion, let me give you an extract from the speech of Dr. Wilkes, 
 of Montreal, at a late London meeting. Referring to Canada, he says : — 
 " The frequent and constant use of alcoholic stimulants in our country is 
 absolute ruin ; our climate won't stand it. Many a young man has come 
 out to our country who has been accustomed in his father's home and 
 elsewhere to take beer and alcoholic stimulants, and who bas done the same 
 in Canada. The consequences was that in a very short time he had 
 
 ' delirmm tremens. Our climate is so stimulating and so dry that if men 
 begin to dabble at drink they are ruined." Mr. Foy has taken care not to 
 say a word on this important subject, but the testimony of Dr. Wilkes goes 
 far to corroborate the other opinions so ably stated on medical subjects by 
 
 , our townsman, Dr. MacCormac— I remain, yours truly, 
 
 ;^j^^ i One who has Travelled in Canada. 
 
 li. P3 1» ii -yr . 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OF TUB BELFASl NEWS-LETTEB. 
 
 Sir — I have just received the News-Letter of this morning, and read 
 the letter of " One Who Has Travelled In Canada," and in reply, have to 
 inform him that the men whom I engaged at i40 a year and their board, 
 are not overseers or stewards, but ordinary farm labourers, imder twenty- 
 five years of age, respectively. I am surprised to find a clear atmosphere 
 urged as an objection to a country. As to delirium tremens, I do not advise 
 those who wish to indulge in drink, to go to Canada, and the last advi(w I 
 invariably give emigrants is, that from the moment they put their foot 
 on the emigrant ship they should renounce strong drink. I am indebted to 
 yotir correspondent for the extract from Dr. Wilkes' speech, and purpose 
 
14 
 
 y:-i:':> 
 
 hftTing some thousand copies printed in handbill form, and distributed on 
 board the emigrant steamers. 
 
 I am sure that I prove too much to please the opponents of Canada — the 
 
 idifferenoe is, I prove— they assert. Hiitc ilUe lachryma, I am not at all 
 
 >eareful to please " One Who Has Travelled In Canada." The ment comcia 
 
 tihi recti, is all that I, or any honourable man should cave for. If, as you 
 
 and your correspondents assert. Irishmen can d'> as well in this country as 
 
 in Canada, why the frequent use of the word :'/. If is soarcely applicable to 
 
 an existing state of things. One opponent of emigration says "if we had 
 
 our own native rarliament," another, " if the waste lands were reclaimed. 
 
 It is not usual to prescribe for a person in perfect health, then why aU 
 
 J, the proecriptions ? It is not my business to decide, when political doctors- 
 
 •differ, but the prescriptions are a proof tliat there is still something wanting 
 
 |to make Ireland as .good a country as Canada for the farmer and lab.iurer. 
 
 !,,,The arguments against emigration may all be condensed into two lines — 
 
 % " There's a good time coming, boya, 
 
 '«iil v.H'i;; Wait a little longer." 
 
 ^Jleantime the boys and girls won't wait, crying to Jupiter to help them ; 
 
 (,but will go and help themselves, and the opponents of emigration may as 
 
 jij^ell wish them God -speed. 
 
 ::^ , When the opponents of emigration are agreed upon a remedy for the 
 vj,pre8ent wretched, hopeless, position of the labouring classes, when they sue- 
 ! .i,oeed in making this country as good as Canada for the small farmer, the farm 
 
 ^labourer, and the other classes from which emigr.ition receives its supplies, 
 ^^they win have no trouble getting the people to remain in their native coun^iy ; 
 
 jjjut until they do so, to ask them to remain in poverty, is simply an insult 
 
 «5to their common sense. — Yours truly, 
 
 CHiiJLES FoY, 
 
 The Waiting Room, Clones Station, " 
 
 26th May, 1874. 
 
 ^. 
 
 .a 
 
 Sir- 
 
 to THE EDITOR OF THE BELFAST NEWS-LETTEB. 
 
 -I looked over tlie lengthy letter of Dr. M'Cormac in this 
 
 morning's News-Letter. " There's nothing in it." But, yes ; I 
 
 his meanderings through the 
 
 ||Bee that he makes the mortality in Greaf Britain 230 to every 
 tj 10,000, though he said I was incorrect when I gave it as 211 to 
 0-10,000. I won't follow him in ' 
 ;«=Btates. 
 
 :^ I have little to object to in your leader, but I am ashamed that 
 so little is known of Canada as that the want of schools should be 
 urged as a drawback. I sent copies of the year book of Canada 
 to the editors of all the papers, in which they might see that 
 schools are the first care in every settlement. In the Province 
 of Ontario there are over 5,000 common schools, in which edu- 
 cation is free, and in which the teachers are paid from £80 to 
 ,'flB120 a-year; female £70 to £90 a-year. A daughter of a man 
 ,/jamed Coulter, of Carnmoney, has £70 a-year as teacher in a 
 country school. There are also grammar schools — a species of 
 leading school from the common school up to the college, and of 
 these there are over 105 in the Province of Ontario. Then t'iOre are 
 J the Normal and Model Schools for the training of the teachers, so 
 Saski they may go out afterwards with certificates, and be employed 
 
 .h 
 
15 
 
 in the common schools. The school system of the Province of 
 Ontario was founded on the best points Dr. Kyersou, on in- 
 quiry, found in our National Board system, the Prussian Govern- 
 ment system of education, &c. As to any fears of Canada filling 
 up, Canada is larger than all Europe, and could maintain comfort- 
 ably one hundred millions of inhabitants. The last census gives 
 her population at about four millions. 
 
 I agree with you that there are many wlio should not think of 
 emigrating to Canada. Clerks and shopmen I invariable advise 
 not to go. Indeed — though I am " paid by the Government of 
 Canada," I never advise any person to go excep*^^ those whose suc- 
 cess is certain. As in every other business, honesty in emigration 
 business is the best policy. One unsuccessful emigrant would do 
 more harm than twenty successful could counteract. I am proud 
 of the confidence placed in me by the Don:inion Government; but 
 I say, with all honesty, no Government could pay mo to deceive 
 my countrymen ; and, besides, tha specific instructions given to 
 Government Agents are — " By no means encourage false hopes in 
 emigrants, rather under-rate than eccagyerate the advantages of 
 emigration to Canada ; and while relatives, mothers, fathers, and 
 other? write to me, or call ujion me to thank me for sending their 
 •relatives to Canada, 1 care nothing how unpopular emigration 
 may be with landlords, capitalists, and all employers of labour. 
 
 In concluding the correspondence, I will quote the remarks of 
 Sir Wm. Wilde — a throrough Nationalist— on emigration, and 
 trust to the common sense of my country men of the working 
 ■classes to decide who is their true friend : — • 
 ■ "I suppose I ought to mention emigration as more or less con- 
 nected Avith the land question. The history of the emigration of 
 nations is a grand subject in the consideration of the geographical 
 distribution of civilislation throughout the world, in chruaological 
 order, from the days of Moseo, in sacred history, and inipulation 
 of the States of America, down to our time, by all people who, 
 driven by circumstances of over-population, or the desire for the 
 possession of land, have had enough energy to improve their social 
 position. Without going further into the matter, I will ask what 
 be the effect of the Land Bill on small farmers aud labourers ? 
 Fixity of tenure to them means fixity of poverty. Will it raise 
 the wages of the labourer or make the produce of the small far- 
 mers more valuable? I think it will have the very contrary 
 effect ; and difficulties yet unforeseen will arise in consequence 
 which will only be relieved by emigration, and taking advantage 
 of the free gift to each man of 100 acres of land in one of the 
 finest countries in the world (Canada), not only socially, civilly, 
 and politically, but religiously." 
 
 Dr. Wilde's position does not prejudice his judgment. — ^yours 
 truly, CHAEx.i:3 FoY. 
 
 27th May, 1874, 
 
16 
 
 TO THB EDFTOB OF THE BELFAST NKWS-LEXTBB. 
 
 BiP — Permit me to subjoin the following from yesterday's Liverpool 
 Albion, which I do without fiu-ther note or comment. — Yours, 
 
 Hbnry MacCobmac, M.D. 
 BelfaBt, May 29, 1874. i 
 
 " KXPERIKNCB8 OF A SCOTCH FARUBR IN CANADA. 
 
 " An Aberdeenshire farmer writes from Ontario, Norfolk, Delhi, 27th 
 of April, 1874 :— I have very little doubt that Canada is the order of the day, 
 and that your iiue country, a» well as Aberdeen and Kiukardine, are full of 
 fine things about us, Huoh oh free grants of land and high wages. Allow me 
 to clear away some of the cobwebs. I have resided forty-five years in 
 Canada. Thirty-five years I have been a farmer. I began in the woods, 
 two miles from a neighbour, and I may fmther state I am an exception to 
 the general rule. I paid £100 for a half lot of 100 acres. I had £160 in 
 money, u strong, healthy constitution, a wife, and three infant children. 
 There was no school or church, and we were fifteen miles to a mill, fourteen 
 miles to a store, and I had to carry my flour on my back two miles, and had 
 to go seven miles to buy a ham, and that through the traakless forest, with 
 the wolf, the bear, and the deer. Now for my trials. I bought a yoke of 
 oxen, and lost one by death and wt" cheated out of the other. My best cow 
 got her leg broken, and I lost her. My wife was taken sick, and was so for 
 three years, and could not wash a cap for her head. I had almost lost my 
 life when lolling loj^.. on a heap, and had my neck almost broken, and my teeth 
 *hrust out by the blow, and for one year was unable to work. I paid forty- 
 two dollars for two visits to an M.D, I have lost ten cows, besides oxen, 
 sheep, and hogs, I have bad crops. I have got thirty bushels ot wheat to 
 an acre, and at other times not two bushels. I paid sixteen dollars an acre 
 jt clearing and fencing, and many a night have had to work until nearly 
 morning, fighting fire from my cloaring. After all, I am considered one of 
 tlin most successful farmers. When I look around and see how few of my 
 cl neighbours are left, I am lost in wonder at seeing how many have died. 
 There are just a few left, and our burying-grounds are well tenanted. We 
 had ten children, nine of whom are alive, but the money bills for medicine 
 are incredable ; and, to tell you the truth, no pen can do justice to or 
 pourtray the hardships of bush life. The winter is excessively cold, and to- 
 day we may plough but not bow. Bummer is excessively hot. A labourer 
 with you can work out of doors at all times. Not so here. Wo have six 
 months steady Winter, and about four months warm. Tho frost a few days 
 ago was two feet deep, and our fall wheat is badly Winter-killed. It won't 
 be half a crop. There is no hay ; the grasshoppers took it all, and the 
 Colorado beetle ate all our potatoes. There is nothing wc plant which will 
 pay for tlie labour, and our youth arc leaving and going South to the United 
 States. And yet wc pay idlers to go and tell what a fine country Canada it. 
 Those icho are persuading your people to come here are not your friends. 
 Tlwy are paid to do <o. I am not. I tell you, beware, and look ere you leap. 
 I may send you the report of the Crown lands. There are nearly seventy 
 townships surveyed ; but beware ; be not too confident. You gain little by 
 coming to Canada, and lose much. If 1 made a mistake in coming here, 
 I hope others iway profit by my experience. I am from Aberdeenshire, and 
 a graduate of the university. I am now the owner of five good farms, and 
 would gladly sell lo get away. For the farm I live on I was offered £1,000 
 twenty years ago, and I cannot now sell at any price." 
 
 TO THE EDITOB OF THE BELFAST NEWB-LETTEB. 
 
 Sib — Will you kindly afford me space for a few facts in connection with 
 this important subject ? I will make no comment, but will vouch for the 
 
truth of the statementB. \nd no\v th^t the depopulation of our oouutry is 
 becoming a serioda ({uestion, all tihouldoontri nte their mite of information. 
 
 Some time ago an Amerioau gentleman, whose word ia aooepted in Belfast 
 M his bond, when speaking to me in n ferenoe to the Irish exodus, made the 
 following remarks :— " Well, I don't know why your countrymen rush out as 
 they do to the States ; it is a great mistake for them. A few suooeed ; the 
 multitude do not ; and if they would only work as long and as bard at home 
 as they must do with us they would have much better times." 
 
 Another American gentleman — in no way connected with the ftrst, but 
 Aqaally truthful— in my ofHoe strongly dissuaded some intending emigrants 
 (or if not intending emigrants they were man who came for correct infor- 
 mation as to the prospects of t^ose going out) irom their purpose ; adding 
 that if wages were high it took all to do ; and that taking one thing with 
 another, ono shilling would go further in the old country than four in the 
 new ; that the climate was trying, &c. I see oneof these engineern regularly 
 at his work, and the other day I sp-^ke to him, imark £; that he was here 
 still. " Yes, Sir," he replied, " there are worse pl»ce>> t'lan ould Ireland 
 after all, if we would only settle down to work." 
 
 I hare brothers in the States an i Canada — hard-woikmg, steady young 
 men — and who complain constantly of the diffioulty of sotting on, owing to 
 the high prices, whilst death has made sad h .voo among their children. 
 They tell me (and others confirm it) that it is almost impossible to rear 
 children, the climate is so trying, -^nd that H is melancholy to see so many 
 little graves. 
 
 Some of my own workers hurried it a few years ago, rushing out as if the 
 plague was in the country. They were glad to come back, and said that a 
 good many more were waiting to follow when they were able to scrape up 
 their passage money. 
 
 I was strongly thinking of emigrating with my family =ome time ago, but 
 was advised not by those who had long experience of life abroad ; and the 
 universal testimony of several whose opinion was worth having, was — ^ever 
 go abroad if you can do, or even haff do at home ; and be content to let " well 
 enough" alone. —Yours truly, R. 
 
 E, E I* li Y. 
 TO THE KDITOR OF THK BELFAST NICWS-LETTEU. 
 
 Sir — I can imagine Dr. MicCormao crying " Eureka" when he discovered 
 the letter of a Scotch farmer in the Liverpool Albion ; but excu^so me if, in 
 honesty, I have to say I cannot see except it escaped your attention, hov 
 you published it. 
 
 A graduate of a Scotch university commences farming in Canada with 
 £150, and in fifteen years he beoomas the owner of five good farms, one 
 worth £1,00(J twenty years ago. Now, is it not a palpable insult to any 
 intelligent reader to quote such a statement as that a farm worth £1,009 
 twenty years ago, in a country which has made the rapid advances of Canada, 
 cannot be sold now at any price ! ! Bah ! the manufacturer of such a letter 
 should be in a lunatic asylum. Bead the Times Philadelphia correspondent's 
 account of the progress of Canada in the London Mail of the 27th, and thea 
 honestly say the proper name for the letter writer in the Liverpool Albion, 
 After suffering as many calamities as any we read of in Job's history. This 
 canny Scotchman with five farms, one of which is worth £1,000, remains in 
 this awful bad country. He does not tell us why he did not jump at the 
 offer of £1,000 and return to Scotland ? Is the whole story not a lie on the 
 face of it ? 
 
 " R" tells of gentlemen warning men against the States. I have nothing 
 to do with the States ; and I am sure his brothers are not of the olassea ( 
 advise to go to Canada— agricultural labourers, farmers, and serrant girls. 
 
 B 
 
18 
 
 The suicides mentioned at-e mnoli to bo regretted ; but surely Canada is 
 not the only country in i^-hich Buioidea are known. Wliut of the great city 
 of London? One of the unfortunate men was in good (>m))loymeut as time- 
 keeper on the wliarves of Montreal ; the other wmb a bookkeeper out of 
 employment— a claes I am continually tryinjj to disHuado from going to 
 Canada. We vfaut no men who wish for what thty call in this country 
 " genteel employment" — wo want none who dcBiro to prcHorvo soft hands. 
 All afraid of hard work I advise to Htay at home. 
 
 But why wander out of the North of Ireland for examples ? I have 
 within the last live years sent thousonds to Canada— were they failures? 
 Does the money ihey send to friends represent fuilure 7 Why do you 
 not notice the testimony of the Prosbyteiiun clergyman ^-iveu in my letter 
 published lo-day ? 
 
 To tininh, positively this time, I nnust, in justice to myself, say that I 
 am proud to confess I never witnessed the ])arting of emigrants with their 
 friends, unmoved ; that I have frequently rebuked pernons dressed in the 
 garb of ladies and gentlemen for their heartless mirth when witnessing such 
 scenes. No longer ago than last Monday I rebuLed some thoughtless young 
 girls at the Mouaghan station, and pointed out a very old man, bidding, as 
 I told them, his last farewell to his daughter. To the great credit of one of 
 them — Oh, how it raised her in my estimation — she did not join in the 
 imseemly mirth ; but I saw the big tears in her eyes. The man who could 
 be purchased to perpetuate such pitiable sc(me8,if he did not know, and had 
 not positive proofs, it would be for the good of the emigrants, and for the 
 benerit of those they leave behind, could be purchased to commit murder 
 but for the fear of hanging. I thank God I am not that man.— Yours truly, 
 
 Canadian Government Emigration Depart- 
 ] ment. Offices — 11, Claremout Street, 
 Belfast, 30th May, 1874. 
 
 Charles Fot, 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OF THE BELFAST »EWS-LETTER. 
 
 Sir — Dr. MacCormac re-asserts that I gave an incorrect 
 statement as to the bills of mortality. Now, 1 had determined 
 to drop a correspondence which. I believe, must have wearied 
 your readers. On one side assertions, no sooner contradicted by 
 plain proofs than followed by the same writers with re-assertions 
 or by equally silly assertions. It is distasteful to have to con- 
 tinue proving truisms ; it is, besides, insulting to the common 
 sense of your readers to suppose it necessary to tell them that 
 people who leave this country without a shilling improve their 
 position when they are able to send money to bring out friends. 
 To your educated readers it must appear ridiculous to read 
 descriptions of the Canada of forty or fifty years ago as applicable 
 to the Canada of the present day. It looks very like calling 
 them Rip Van Winkles. 
 
 The rate of mortality in Canada is, on the whole, 98 to the 
 10,000, and in the Province of Ontario, the province to which 
 North of Ireland emigrants generally go, it is 71 to the 10,000. 
 I defy contradiction (by proof). Dr. MacCormac has the Regis- 
 trar-General's return to refer to ; let him give us the rate all over 
 
Britain. He gives it in citiof at 28 to the 1,000, or 2;^0 to the 
 10,000. Hear what Marshall, an indejMjndent writer, says : — 
 
 " In all seriousness I nm persuaded tint, despite its seventy, 
 the climate of Canada is one of the healthiest in the world. It 
 is expressly fitted to develop a hardy race. For the bringing up 
 of a young family it is to be preferred, very decidedly, to the 
 climate of almost all tho States of the Union, South of the chain 
 of Canadian lakes. Th ; fact of the generally healthy condition 
 of tho people, the splendid development of the men, the preserva- 
 tion of the English type of beauty of the women, may bo taken 
 in proof of the excellence of the climate, iind may well be allowed 
 to influence the choice of an Englishman who seeks a new home 
 for his family." 
 
 Sir Garnet Wolseley expressed himself very warmly in praii©'' 
 of the Canadian Volunteers as tine, broad-shouldered, hardy, 
 splendid soldiers, and !♦ is sai.l that ho expressed a wish for some 
 of them at the Hold Coast. Colonel Jennings, 13th Hussars 
 (since deceased), had an equally high opinion of them. Strange 
 if a bad climate could produce such men. lb would sui-prise the 
 opponents of emif^ ration if they read the letters I am daily 
 receiving in reference to this correspondence. Ihey would see 
 that the working classes and small farmers are much shrewder 
 than they evidently give them credit for, and that they do not 
 credit the motive of desire for their comfort as actuating the 
 writers, but, in language I will not quote, ascribe it to a desire 
 for popularity and notoriety in some, and selfish motives in otaert*' 
 One correspondent writes : — "lam reading your correspondence 
 on emigration. With you, I am watching for the remedy. The 
 • ifs' and all the projected remedies since 1847 cannot prevent the 
 
 people following relatives who have prospered. Poor , who 
 
 has been evicted, would be glad if some of these doctors would 
 tell him in a few words what he can do here. It may please you 
 to hear that on yesterday evening I had a short conversation 
 
 with the llev. (a very popular clergyman of the Presby- 
 
 terian Church), who has just returned from his tour of twelve 
 months in Canada and the States. He has seen some of the 
 correspondence, and says that he can endorse every word that you 
 have written on the subject. He says that Canada for morality 
 intelligence, and as a home for Ulster emigrants, is very superior 
 to the States. He met hundreds of woiking men from the Noith 
 of Ireland known to himseii, myself, and all in this neighbour- 
 hood, who have 6s. a-day in constant employment ; that during 
 his six months' travelling through Canada ho did not hear a single 
 complaint or regret adout leaving Ireland. He mentions that 
 railways (local) do not run on the Sabbath, nor street cars, omni- 
 buses, or public vehicles. The public-houses or taverns are closed 
 from 7 p.m. on Saturdays untU Monday morning. Schools for 
 
so 
 
 
 the people evorywhoro, employment abundant, no drunken rowdy- 
 ism, more police in two ot the large towns in Irobtnd than in all 
 Canada. He wants you to send him the entire correspondence." 
 In corroboration of the clergyman's remarks, I will give an illus- 
 tration of the difference of Ireland and Canada. The town of 
 Lindnay, in the Province of Ontario, has a population of aboub 
 5,000. When I was in Canada there were one or two constables 
 who followed trades, and were employed only occasionally serving 
 summonses. In my native town (Cootehill), with a population 
 of less than 2,000, there are a sub-inspector, head-oonstablo, and 
 ten or twelve constables ; and on fair and market days men are 
 drafted in from two out-stations. The man whom Dr. MacCormac 
 saw swallowing the whiskey early in the morning I cannot believe 
 was a native Canadian, but was more likely a new importation. 
 Canadians are not drunkards, and, as a proof, tho rule in the 
 taverns is 5 cents per drink ; the decanter is left for tho customer 
 to take as much as he chooses, and as Canadians take only a little 
 iu the bottom of the glass, tavern-keepers make money. How 
 would it pay in Belfast? In no country in the world is the 
 drunkard more pitied or greater efforts made to reform him or 
 her. I wish from my heart that the men in this country Avho 
 profess such regard for the welfare of the working classes would 
 follow the example of Canada, and erect inebriate asylums, make 
 laws which would prevent the drunkard from robbing his family ; 
 for, in parts of Canada, if a woman go to the tavern-keepers and 
 warn them that her husband is spending more than he can afford, 
 in justice to his family, in drink, if the tavorn-keepers sell to him 
 after this warning they can be sued for heavy damages for every 
 o^nce!' 
 
 I leave the correspondence on " Emigration or no Emigration," 
 as I wished to do in my last, to the common sense of my country- 
 men, merely saying that if the Press of this country wished the 
 people to know the whole truth they woidd give me the same 
 facilities as they give my opponents. — Yours truly, 
 
 Chables Foy. 
 
 I forgot your remarks about the absence of clergymen. 1 am 
 happy in being able to tell you that you could scarcely find a 
 settlement of half-a-dozen settlers neglected ; and, as a sincerely 
 attached member of my own Church, I candidly admit the pre- 
 eminent solicitude of the Methodists in supplying the spiritual 
 wants of the most out-of-the way settlements. 
 ;j;^ay 39, 1874. C. F. 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OP THE BELFAST NEWS-LETTER. 
 
 ^Ift — Please publish the following, and oblige yours truly, 
 ivjjune 13, 1874. Cha".le8 Fot. 
 
21 
 
 lon^'it- 
 
 KoUi, Ooanty Meath, Jane 12, 1874. 
 
 Bear Sir — Tliauks for the N'eivg-Lctter o( y^iai'^jdiij. I now 
 enclose copy rf a letter received to-day from a lady whoso aoii — — 
 accompanied my son in the "Cirnasaian" last April. The tw( lads 
 have been attached companions for years past, and determined to 
 
 emigrate together. Mrs. , yon will observe, has a vnothorlv' 
 
 interest in the good things of the table — a department of whicn 
 ■he is an excellent judge, as I testify that she and her husband are 
 
 profuse in their hospitality, and keep a bountiful table, Mr. • 
 
 is a J. P. of the Counties , and has large property in a pariah 
 
 where I was once a Curate. — Believe me> dear Sir, yours faith- 
 fully, H. De Boegu Sidley,.^ 
 
 Buxton, England, June 11, 1874". 
 My Deati Mk. Sidi.ev — A letter to-day from Atchey tolls me 
 he .'8 about 60 miles North of Toronto, on a farm, like as is 
 Ricl.ard ; but he has not heard how Richard fares since he went 
 to his place. For himself, he describes the eating and drinking 
 as of the best ; beefsteaks for breakfast and roast joints for dinner, 
 with pies and puddings ; and tea, with cakes of all kinds, 
 such as a confectioner in Dublin would call his best quality, 
 in addition to meat and eggs. A great difterence to this country, 
 is it not ? lie says, if he ever returns, he will turn up his nose 
 at the living we poor people give. He eats at the table with his 
 employer, and has a good feather bed and a room to himself, only 
 one of the little boys of the family shares the room. There are 
 three children, and the good man and wife — nice, kind, clean 
 people, he saj'S. Plenty of \.ork for everyone, and girls could get 
 places by the hundred, and good wages. Ce.tainly poor people in 
 Ireland trying to make ladies of their daughters is rather a mis- 
 take in my mind. 1 wonder Richard did not pay me the compli- 
 ment of a letter. I hope you have heard from him ; but, I dare 
 say, he has not fared worse than the olher. — Sincerely yours, 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OF THE liELFAfeT NEWS-LETTHR. 
 
 Sir — Please publish the following : — 
 
 " Kells, Co. Meath, June 4, 1874. 
 " Dear Sir — You ma}' remember that my son called on you 
 in Belfast, about two months ago, accompanied by Mr. Moxley, 
 of the Mjthodist College. He sailed in the " Circassian" on the 
 23rd of April, and on arrival at Quebec he concluded an engage- 
 ment with a Mr. Thompson on a farm in that neighbourhood at 15 
 dols. a month, with board and lodging. As I see there is some 
 controversy in Belfast about the advantages or ol'uerwise of emi- 
 grating, I send you a fair copy of the last letter I had from my 
 
22' 
 
 1 
 sit 
 
 nil 
 
 son, which, in my opinion, substantiates your view of the matter. 
 I feel obUged to you for your advice to him, and for the letters 
 of introduction. — Yourc faithfully, 
 
 ]: " H. Db Burgh Sidlby, Clk., M.A., 
 
 t Jj i Curate of Kells. 
 
 , " Chai .08 I'oy, Esq." 
 
 The letter is too long to ask Space for it in the NeioS'Lelter, 
 bat I will give you extracts: — 
 
 *' I would not advise anyone to come out who is not ahle to 
 work hard. The work is awful ha:d, but I manage to pull 
 through, somewliow or other My employer, Thompson, is a 
 very decent chap, though he dees wo.'k me hard ; he and I are 
 great friends. The farm I am on is 100 acres, of which 80 are 
 claared. There are men working with me who are getting 20 
 dols. (£*) a month and their board, and will get 35 dols. in the 
 harr^esi ; but then they know their business. A good man can 
 . earn 30 dols. (£6) a month, with board and lodging, all the 
 year round ; and next year I expect to do it. Farming here is 
 on a different style to what it is with you ; everything is slap- 
 dash ; no minding details. . . . — Your affectionate son. 
 
 "R. G. SlDLEY," 
 
 Though E. G. Sidley is of I he class I do not recommend to 
 
 emigrate, I am confident of his ultimately obtaining a position in 
 
 Canada he never could attain in this country. He has the vim 
 
 necessary for success ; his letter has no whining about the com- 
 
 i fort he left behind, about h^ird work ; but it is manly an_ hopeful. 
 
 In physique he is delicate, but he has pluck. When I told him 
 
 ' that he was not the cla^s I would recommend for Canada, as none 
 
 -but those able and willing to work hard might go there, he re- 
 
 Elied, " I am willing to work at anything rather than be a 
 urthen to my father. I am sick of looking for a situation as 
 clerk or book-keeper." I am not surprised ttat the son of a 
 father who is not ashamed to let the world know that his son is 
 working as a farm-labourer should be a manly, spirited young 
 • iellow. — Yours obliged, 
 
 Charles Toy. 
 Canadian Government Emigration 
 Department— OflBces, 11, Clare- 
 < mont Street, Belfast. 
 
 10th June, 1874. 
 
 9«S4 
 
 , TO THE EDITOR OF THE BELFAST NEWS-LETTEB. 
 
 Sib — I mnst confess my«elf tliorougbly wearied with the endless and 
 one-sided epistles of Mr. Chas. Foy. I see to-day, in particular, he favours 
 your columns with what is scarcely an undisguisfdAoax from PallymacBrrett, 
 with the apparent obj^st of turning Dr. MacCormao into ridicule, and of 
 
23 
 
 repreaenting i.Hat gentleman as offering -' 93 per week, without board, for a 
 
 Sood ploughman, mower, drc. ; ami having a character for strict sobriety, 
 onesty, &o., and unmarried." This precious composition, on search, you 
 will ii id in part taken from a country advertisment, whioln appeared in your 
 columns a day or two ago, but s>> malformed in the change that I take leave 
 to say its original author would find no little difficulty in recognising his 
 own production. It however suits, or seams to suit, Mr. Foy, to tre; t the 
 communication aa genuine, and he writes of it accordingly as if it formed a 
 part of " revealed truth ;" but that a party so astute as Mr. Foy could be in 
 the slightest degree iguor«nt of its real character is a thing beyond belief ; 
 and I regard it, therefore, as both painful and pitiful to fiul aayone in hi'", 
 position so descending. 
 
 Let me, as an opposite picture, say that within the last three months I 
 was informed by n friend living at Pundonald thut an ordinary servant man 
 of the ploughman class, to whom he was giving £2 1 yearly and very superior 
 board, left him to get £2;$ from a neighb 'ur ; and about same time I saw in 
 your paper a case in same neighbourhood, where £25 was obtained, a sum I 
 certainly consider far superior tc the £35, £3G, iind £40 named by Mr. Foy 
 in Canada, and that would obtain infinitely more comforts here than there 
 with the apparently larger sum. 
 
 Mr. Foy in Tbtirsday's paper gives an oxt'act from a letter ffom an 
 R. G. Sidley, who writes in the usual roseate stylo, -ivhich newcomers are so 
 sure to affect when first communicating with friends at home. It appears 
 he is getting £3 a month nnd board, (fee , but remarks very pathetically, 
 " the work is awful hard ;" and then, again, ho (Thompson) " doex work me 
 hard ;" and, remarking upon this letter, Mr. Foy (while cantiously not 
 adopting "B. (i. Sidley ' with a physique so delictite as his ideal emigrant, 
 for it is convenient always to have a loophole) prophesies that, owing to his 
 having the vim " necGssary,"' ho is confident " R. G. Sidley" will ultimately 
 obtaiu a position in Canada he never could obtain in this country. 
 
 Now, I happen by accident to know "R. G. Sidley's" history which may 
 be described in the briefest terms He U only somct twenty years of age, 
 served his time in Dublin to a wholesale grocer, and is now, as the " denier 
 ressort," a common farm labourer in the backwoods of icebound Lawer 
 Canada!! Truly " R. G. Si Key's" "vim'' and inlependent spirit have 
 wrought a miracle in the way of both social and physicial descending; but 
 the poor fellow is not yet eight weeks in a strange land ; ami what, I ask, 
 will be the feelings-— not, indeed, of Mr. Foy, whose " intero-sts" are mixed 
 up with smothering such— but of the truly humane, should they in three 
 months more hear of the youth with Jiis "deli':ate physique," sinking in that 
 rig irous clime, and far from friends, into an early and unpitied g'ave, the 
 only solace being that it enabled Mr. Charles Foy to increase his fees, and 
 greater comfort still, to obtain the poor fellow's letter as a patent menus of 
 drawing myriads of others into tha same wretched Canadian emigration not. 
 
 I have somethini,' more to say an regards the value of property in Canada,' 
 which 1 reserve till again.— I rennin, you'-s truly, 
 
 Onh Who Tbaveli.ed in Canada. 
 June 13, 1874. 
 
 I?, E I» Xi -ST . 
 
 TO THE Eniron of thk uklfast news-letter. 
 
 Sir— When I read the letter of " One who had Travelled in Canala" 
 i' iho Nines i.. ttcr of this morning, I tliought how true the saying of a great 
 writer, " An anouymouh letter is the weapon of a cow ml." Who with the 
 slightest claim to a spark of m:'nho.)d would alluda, as you* corresponlent 
 has done, to younj; Mr. Sidley? Wno l)ut an uafeelin;^ bein'^ wouM try to 
 make parents believe that their son wan working for a pretn»ture grava '.' 
 

 B4 
 
 Ir 
 
 '' ■ ;Pi 
 
 1 
 
 A 8 to hiB " pity and pain" for me, I can only say that I hope your 
 correeponderit has no friend more in need of them, or who could appreciate 
 them more. Aa to the " hoax" of which I, according to your correspondent, 
 was the silly victim, the myth,' in the dhape of a splendid specimen of the 
 farm labourer, was in this office on Saturday, and bas arranged to sail 'larly 
 next month ! As to my representing Dr. Mac or,aac as offering 9s a-week 
 to a ploughman, if your readers refer to my l;«ter they will find I never 
 represented Dr. MacCormac as the would-be <;mployer, but a rev. gentleman 
 in the County Tyrone. 
 
 Your correspondent is very unfortunate in his rash assertions. In his 
 first letter he asserted that the men whom I engaged at £40 a- year, with 
 board and lodging, " must have been overseers or land-stewards." To this I 
 replied by telling your readeis that they were young men, ordinary farm 
 labourers, neither ^f the three as old as twenty-five years. He warned the 
 Canadian farmers against bankruptcy if they gave such wages ; but, as 
 unsolicited advice is never valued, I presume the Canadian farmers will 
 continue to j adge for themselves. 
 
 I am very much pleased to hear that wages at Dundonald are so good, 
 and I think emigration deserves some credit, for it, I am, however, at a loss 
 to account for the fact that none of *he hundreds of farm labourers who 
 come to this office know of such wages. I hope that your correspondent 
 will see that none of his farmer friends at Dundonald find their way to t^e 
 Bankruptcy Court, as I suppoise few of them farm irom 100 to 700 acres, 
 free of rent. 
 
 As men are supposed to judge others by themselves, I suppose that I 
 am bound to allow your correspondent to think as he speaks of my motives 
 as to fees, &c. ; but, for the information of your readers, I will say that I 
 am not paid by fees nor by the numbsr of emigrants. I am honoured by 
 the Dominion Government with instructions to represent Canada here, to 
 give every information to inquirers, and to by no means exaggerate the 
 advantages of the country. My salary is fixed : no luatti^r how few or how 
 numerous the number of emigrants, it is the same 
 
 As I have been forced to again notice " One ^vho has Travelled in 
 Canada," which is contrary to my usual rule— not tu noply to an anonyiuous 
 letter on a public subject — T will give him a case to account for ; and, to 
 save him again running his head against hard facts, will gi ye the name of 
 the emigrant and thj str'^et in which she lived. 
 
 On last Wednesday i aorning, a woman named Taylor, aged seventy- 
 three years, residing thf . in Combermere Street, Belfast, called at this office, 
 and showed me a telegram from England, saying that t!'e sender was to sail 
 in the steamship " Pru'siL"" from Liverpool on the foil .wing day. She 
 .said that tLe person who csent her the telegram worked in the same shop 
 with her son in London, Province of Ontario ; that he had been on a visit 
 with his friends in England, and was returning ; that she expected a letter 
 from her son with her passage, and the passage of a grandchild; but that she 
 was so anxious to be with the young man, that if she did not hear that night 
 8he would ask me to telegraph to Derry, to engage passages for herself and 
 grandson. She sailed on Friday from Derry. "You are not frightened, 
 M'-s. Taylor, at the awful accounts of Canada appearing in the Belfast 
 papo -s 1" " Mr. Foy, my son is a very short time out, and he has sent mo 
 £4 ; —this is all I care for." 
 
 Now, will some of the patriotic ^?) writers, who spend so much time and 
 occupy so much space with long-winded letters about other parts of the 
 world as applicable to Canada, confine themselves to the plain common-sense 
 task of accounting for the large sums of mpney sent from Canada ? The 
 eimplest ploughmen see through their dodging, and know well what their 
 ()reteuded patriotism meaas— cheap labour ; in othei words self. 
 
25 
 
 I will give these noble patriots (?) an offer— t. e.,letadi8iQt«re8t8dmaa, 
 a man independent of employers, capitaliats, landlords, or any other class — 
 in fact, an intelligent, honest man — be chosen to go and report on Canada, 
 for the benefit of our countrymen. I will get him a free cabin ppssage, I 
 will give him a free pass on the Canadian Railways, and will abide his verdict. 
 
 The patriotism which professes to love Irish soil better than Irishmen 
 is, in my opinion, electro-plated patriotism --the material-self-interest, th9 
 plating-professed love of country. — Yours, obliged, 
 
 Ghables For, " 
 
 P.S. — As to social position, I woald rather be a farm labourer in Canada, 
 with the sure prospect of soon becomirg the owner of a farm, than either a 
 grocer or draper's assistant ia this country. In Canada when men become 
 wealthy they do not assume aristocratic airs. We have none of the silly 
 vanity so common in this country, Why, take Dublin, the South and 
 West of Ireland, and you find that the old families in thepf parts despise 
 the self-made men of Belfast, and their pretensions to arista ..itio surround- 
 ings. 
 
 Canadian Government Emigration 
 Department— Offices, 11, Clare- 
 mont Street. > 
 
 Belfast, June 15, 187*. 
 
 aventy- 
 office, 
 to sail 
 She 
 
 shop 
 a visit 
 
 letter 
 bat she 
 t night 
 If and 
 tened, 
 Belfast 
 ent mc 
 
 16 aid 
 
 of the 
 
 i-sense 
 
 The 
 
 their 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OF THE BELFAST NEW8-LETTEB. 
 
 Sir — A highly-esteerned friend remarked to me that the post- 
 script in my letter which appeared in the News Letter of this 
 morning was a sneer at self-made men. Though I cannot see how 
 it could be so construed ; though the inconsistency of a person 
 representing a country of self-made men sneering at self-made 
 men must be apparent to the simplest ; and though I am, 
 thoroughly indifferent as to pleasing others when I write 
 truth, I ask your indulgence while I explain that I meant to illus- 
 trate the silly vanity which permeates society in tiiis country. 
 When the aristocrat, whose only boast is his ancestral tree, 
 despises the man who, independent of his ancestors, makes a 
 position — this I call silly vanity. When the plutocrat who makes 
 money despises his poorer neighbour, this is simply, in my mind, 
 diagmting, and the less excusible of the two. The draper's 
 assistant in some cases considers himself superior to the grocer's 
 clerk ; the bank clerk often scarcely condescends to know either. 
 The manager of a county branch of one of our banks, the ser^rant 
 of a public company, I have known to consider himself superior 
 to the country trader, or to the farmer, though why none 
 but himself can imagine. These ridiculous notions are not 
 entertained in Canada ; and the farmer Thompson, who, very pro- 
 bably, commenced as a farm labourer himself, will encoui'age Sid'ey, 
 with the sure and certain hope that in four or ive years he may 
 be the owner of a good farm. I look upon Mr. Sidley as serving 
 his apprenticeship to farming ; and once he becomes the owner of 
 A farm I would not exchange his position for that of a grocer or 
 
 ^ .^ 
 
26 
 
 draper's assistant — in fact, he commences a life which may claim 
 to be the happiest — a life of hard, healthful, hopeful, and useful 
 toil ; a life whore a man need not be jealous of competition, but 
 rather have reason to rejoice at seeing all his fellcw-workers 
 around him succeed in making the wilderness fruitful and 
 pleasanter to live in. The Canadian farmer's life is one of 
 thorough manly independence. 
 
 e 
 
 V : ■ 
 I 
 
 Let the cities proud boast long and loud 
 
 Of their palaces fair and grand ; 
 In the country wide spread on every side 
 
 Are the works of our Father's hand. 
 
 Though our fato may seem to some idler's dream 
 
 A toilsome and weary lot, 
 Yet peace and health are the priceless wealth 
 
 That are found in the settler's cot." 
 
 Every person to their taste ; but I do not consider it a great 
 descent from a urocer's assistant to that of an independent 
 farmer ; on the contrary, I consider the farmer, who is inde- 
 pendent of any lan^Jord, the most independent memboi of society. 
 He plants his crop, sows his seeds, trusting in his Maker for 
 harvest time ; he has no rival cunning or trickery to contend 
 with, no flattering or coaxing of customers ; he bows, but to God 
 alone. Of course, it would not do if ail men had the same 
 tastes ; but this is the position I alluded to when I said that Mr. 
 Sidley would in a few years attain a position which he never 
 could attain in this country. — Yours obliged, r-»v. 
 
 #i'fv 
 
 June 16, 1874. 
 
 Chaeles For. 
 
 TO THF, EDITOE OP THE BELFAST JTEWS-LETTER. 
 
 SiE — As my son's name is mentioned in one of your 
 correspondent's letters, you will kindh'^ allow me space in your 
 paper to corroborate Mr. Foy'a statement respecting his inter- 
 view with him in Belfast about three months ago. In my son's 
 report of that interview he states that Mr. Foy told him plainly 
 he had better remain at home than go to Canada unless he was 
 prepared for, and willing to endure, extreme bodily toil. In a 
 subsequent letter to me Mr. Foy stated that the best capital to 
 take to Canada was a strong constitution and a willing mind ; 
 otherwise he gave my son no encouragement to emigrate. 
 Understanding these conditions, my son decided on going to 
 Canada ; and he finds it exactly as Mr. Foy had informed lum — 
 that there is plenty of work, but of a severely trying kind. The 
 remuneration he consider.^ to be sufficient — from 16 dols. to 
 30 dols. per month, all the year round, together w'th board and 
 lodging — the food excellent in quality and abundant in quantity. 
 My son's experience is that of all the others who sailed with him 
 
27 
 
 4 - It 
 
 to Canada, all were offered immediate and remunemtive employ- 
 ijnent, and if they have to work hard it is what they ought not to 
 /complain of, as the necessity for it was fully explained to them 
 -before leaving, — Believe me, yours trr'/, 
 
 H. De Buboh Sidlet, A.M"., Clk. 
 Kells, County Meath, June 15, 1874). 
 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OF THE BELFAST NEWS-LETTER. 
 
 
 f: SiE — Please publish the following, and oblige yours truly, vi 
 
 • Chaklks FoyP"'^ 
 
 I *' Castled aw son, 25th May, 1874. 
 
 « « Charles Foy, Esq. 
 
 *. "Sir — In the Summer of '61 1 went to Canada with my brotlier- 
 
 in-law and sister. I remained there until the fall of the following 
 
 year, when I came home, with the intention of selling out and 
 
 3aking my father and mother with mo to Canada. I did sell out, 
 
 ,but this farm in which I am now living turned up, and ray 
 
 'parents strongly urged rao to try it for some time. I then 
 
 .married, and I have now five children, two of them boys. 1 have 
 
 ,'never been content since, and I have now made up my mind to 
 
 go back to Canada and take my family with me. I intend going 
 
 out now myself and try and find a farm somewhere as conveniear. 
 
 to Port Hope as possible, as I have a great many friends there 
 
 who went out to that part on my recommendation. Can you 
 
 give me a return ticket, and at what price, either from Belfast 
 
 or Derry ? I can take £1,000 with me. 
 
 "Please write immediately. — Tours truly." .f 
 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OF " THE WITNESS. 
 
 fi 
 
 Sib, — I am confident that simple fair play will cause you to 
 give particulars of the two cases of suicide in the Houiinion of 
 Canada. One of the unfortunate men (Begg) was employed as 
 timekeeper on the wharves of Montreal. Good wages and cheap 
 ''drink made him drink, until in a fit oH ddiriuvi tremens he threw 
 himself on a railway track. The other unfortunate man was a 
 bookkeeper from England, a class who are advised in all 
 pamphlets issued by the Government of Canada, and by every 
 emigration agent not to emigrate. 
 
 Th ) classes encouraged by myself and other agents to go to 
 Canada are farm labourers, farmers, and servant girls. 
 
 Yours obliged, Charles Foir. 
 
 Belfast, 3rd June, 1874. 
 
28 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN WHIG. '^ 
 
 Sir, — Amongst a series of letters cooderaning ia stronja^ 
 language emigration to America, which have lately appeared in 
 a leading Ulster journal, I perceive one which might cause un- 
 ; thinking readers to imbibe "3ry erronous ideas about Canada — 
 A country to which I am so much attached, aud about which I 
 should be very sorry to sec any prejudice exist, that I must ask 
 you for the favour of being allowed to make a few remarks ou 
 the snbject in your widely-read columns. 
 
 The continent of North America is a very big place (The 
 Dominion alone is about as big as Europe.) In this vast 
 country there is, as might be supposed, every variety of climate. 
 The death rate of New York is no more an index to the death 
 rate of Canada than is that of Constantinople to the Province of 
 Ulster. New York is like a comet. The cold is intense. The 
 heat ia tropical ; sunstrokes are not uncommon. Every New 
 Yorker who possibly can goes away in the summer. Thousands 
 go to Canada. The changes of temperature at all seasons of the 
 year are sudden and trying. The east winds are the most search- 
 ing I have ever encountered. No wonder the rate of mortality 
 is high amongst immigrants. Canada, on the other hand is one 
 :]■ of the healthiest countries in the world, and the Canadians are 
 ^- the moat robust and vigorous race of people — quite a contrast in 
 • this respect to the Americans. If I do not greatly err, the health 
 returns of the British army show a smaller death rate in Canada 
 than in the United Kingdom. 
 
 Dr. M'Cormac says there are five millions acres of reclaim- 
 able land in Ireland. I shall not dispute his figures, but I would 
 like to know whether the bogs are included in this estimate. 
 They are raore valuable for fuel than tillage, and can only be 
 brouj;ht into cultivation little by little as the turf is cut. But 
 besides the turf bogs, there is unquestionably a lot of waste land 
 in Ireland, and I maintain that the best way to reclaim it is to 
 give effect to Bright's clauses in the Laud A.ct, and create a 
 peasant proprietorship in these waste places. In the present 
 unsettled state of affairs, landlords cannot invest their capital in 
 the land, and tenants cannot reclaim land unless they have a 
 perpetuity of ten'ire in it. Under the existing state of things 
 many landlords cannot, if they would, give them this. Even 
 with fixity of tenure, it is a question whether a young man 
 should take the refuse of Irish land in preference to his pick of 
 colonial land. 
 
 As regards prohibiting emigration by legislation, a measure 
 recommended by a leading Conservative journal, that might do 
 for a despotic Government, but I think it will never be done by 
 an English Government. It would make a wide breach between 
 England and her colonies. Instead of alienating these magni- 
 
29 
 
 fireni provinces, would it not be more statesmanlike gradually to 
 dravr closer the ties that bind us together, so that eventually we 
 may be one T as the Germans sing Das Vaterland muss 
 grosser sein." 
 
 Steam has bridged the Atlantic, and labour aa well as capital 
 will just go where it can get the largest returns. I would be the 
 last one to advise a man who is doing well ia Ireland to emigrate, 
 but if I knew of a tenant-farmer who was getting in arrear and 
 beginning to find out that by steady industry he was unable to 
 make both ends meet, I should certainly advise such a one to 
 sell bis Tenant-right and buy a farm in Canada- Whilst solicitous 
 for the welfare of Ireland, it is allowable to be still more 
 solicitous for the welfare of Irishmen. 
 
 The desire to possess land is inherent in man. In the old 
 world the supply is not equal to the demand, and land both in 
 England and in Ulster is at a fictitious value ; but there is this 
 differencfc> that whereas in England the excess of value is paid 
 by the landlord, in Ulster it is paid by the tenant. In both 
 cases men oti'^n pay more than its commercial value for land, 
 and when they do so, aa a matter of course it is not a paying 
 investment. In our colonies population is small, wealth is 
 evenly divided, and land abundant ; therefore, this fictitiouavalue 
 does not exist, and an immigrant can purchase laud at any 
 price that admits of his making money. 
 
 I don't thing there is any fear of our population getting too 
 low ; on the first symptoms of that complaint a return immigra- 
 tion will set in. A farm in America is worked with just one- 
 half the number of men thought requisite for a farm of similar 
 size in Ireland. In those districts in England where labourers 
 are on strike, farmers are now finding this out. — Yours truly, 
 
 JoHX J. Rowan. 
 Mount Davy, June 9, 1874. 
 
 measure 
 
 E, E I^ L TT . 
 TO THE EDITOB OF THE KOETHEEX WHIG. 
 
 Sib,— Please give me space to thank Mr. Rowan for his manly 
 letter published in the Whig of the 13th inst. Mr. Rowan says 
 what every disinterested person can endorse. I in vain asked 
 those who represented Canada as an unhealthy country to give us 
 proofs, but it did not suit their argument. All writers upon 
 Canada have spoken of the fresh, ruddy, English complexions, the 
 fair round English proportions of body, as distinguishing marks 
 of the inhabitants. The people of the States can tell a Canadian 
 at a glance from one of themselves ; and it is not strange for 
 Englishmen or Irishmen to be asked whether they are English or 
 Canadian. 
 
I 
 
 80 
 
 In ilescribiug a district agricultuml fair in London, Ontario, fti) 
 writer says — " The scene presented a fair picture of prosperity,' 
 content, and advancement. The stalwart, burly, jovial farmers 
 would have compared favourably with any similar gathering in 
 the old country. Their daughters, plump androsy-cheekod, daintily 
 trimmed from feather to shoo buckle, Ac." It is strange that a 
 country within ten or twelve days' sail of Belfast should be so 
 unknown as appears by letters in the Belfast Press, but I am 
 inclined to think that the ignorance is only feigned to serve a 
 purpose. — Yonrs, Ac, i**t 
 
 Belfast, 15th June, 1874. Charles Fot. 
 
 ^ TO THE EDITOR OF THE LONDONDBERY JOURNAl. 
 
 Sir — In the Journal of yesterday I read an account of two 
 suicides in Canada. Two suicides in a country as large as 
 Europe is not, in itself, very wonderful ; bnt as the two unfortu- 
 nate men aie described as emigrants, I think it fair that the 
 facts should be known. Alexander Begg was in employment at 
 gootl wages as timekeeper on the wharves of Montreal, and was 
 in dtiirium tremens when he made the attempt. Henry Young, 
 who committed suicidein Toronto, wa3abookkeeper,aclass whom 
 the Government agents of emigration are continually advising 
 not to go to Canada. The 6C0 emigrants annouced as having 
 arrived in Toronto got immediate employment ; also 100 men 
 who arrived in Kingston about same time. There are loafers in 
 every country, who prefer charity to work. An emigrant from 
 Crossgar writes from Toronto that some of these lazy fellows 
 refuse 6s for cutting a cord of wood, and the same evening 
 apply for their meals at the relief depots. As to the desire of 
 English labourers to return from Canada, I have never known 
 the case of an Irish labourer who could not save as much as 
 would send for friends, much less as much as would pay his 
 passage back to Ireland if he wished to return. How is it that 
 Mr. Arch did not meet any of those men ? How do the 
 opponents of emigration account for the money sent from 
 Canada by men who in Ireland could barely exist ? This is a 
 plain faot which they who oppose emigration persist in dodging. 
 I have been engaged for some time in a controversy on " Emi- 
 gration or no Emigration," in the Belfast Neim-Letter. I have 
 had to give it up in despair of getting my opponents to meet me 
 with facts. One correspondent, a member of a learned pro-- 
 fession, presisted in attempts to get me to follow him throughc' 
 the States, where he once met the man of the woods. In fact, 
 he wrote as if we all had been asleep for twenty years, or per- 
 haps forty years. He said Canada was an unhealthy country 
 and when I proved by the bills of mortality that the number of 
 
81 
 
 deaths to the 10,000 in Caua^la are oaly 08 oa tlie whole, while 
 in Great Britain thoy nre 211 to the 10,000, he contradicted me, 
 and, as proof, told Lho readers of the JS^ewS' Letter that the inor< 
 tality in Great Britain was 30 to the 1,000! ! Another corres- 
 pondent, who signed himself "One Who Has Travelled in 
 Canada," objected to Canada because of a clear climate, and 
 men cannot drink whiskey without getting delirium trementU 
 and, to completely crash nie, the learned gentleman quotes a 
 letter from the Liverpool Albion^ said to bo written by a graduate 
 from a Scotch University, who emigrated to Canada, and gives 
 his experience. And what is it ? After sufiering calamities 
 which I strongly suspect were plaguiarised out of the book of 
 Job, he commences furming with £150 of capital. In fifteen 
 years he owns five farms, for one of which he is offered £1,000, 
 ttoenty years ago, yet for some reason wich is not explained, this 
 canny Scotchman won't take the £1,000 and leave the wretched 
 country and return to Scotland ; he remains, and, hear it, you 
 lecturers on politic:d economy, railways are built in Canada, 
 prices of produce are double what they wore twenty years ago, 
 yet the farm which would have sold for 1,000, cannot now be 
 sold for anything!! What will Canadian Journalists say to 
 such rubbish as this being printed for an intelligent public ? I 
 think they will have a poor opinion of the intelligence of the in- 
 habitants of a town we call the " Modern Athens." — yours truly, 
 Belfast, 2nd June, 1874. Charles For. 
 
 From John Currau, who left Crossear (Co. Down), in the latter 
 
 end of 73. 
 
 324, Queen Street West, 
 
 Toronto, 24th April, 1874. 
 
 Dear Mb. Foy, — T trust you will excuse me not writing sooner, 
 as I promised you on leaving Belfast. I did not wish to speak 
 about this country until I saw for myself, and now, after being 
 nearly a year here, I can, with perfect confidence, recommend 
 every one that can (that i^, people who are 'villing to work) to 
 come to Ontario ; the man that is willing to work, can have 
 everything he could desiie. There was one hundred immigrants 
 arrived here on Saturday, and, on Monday, every one of them 
 were engaged at high wages; and if any one is out of work, and 
 does not like the country, it is simply because they are not 
 willing to work, or do not make themselves agreeable. Why, I 
 saw several parties last summer, who were earning 2 dels, per 
 day, as carpenters, and because they had to take a spade in their 
 band for five minutes, why, thoy would not do such a thing, 
 they were carpenters, not labourers, and they would go home 
 before their dignity would co;ne down ; to use a spade for five 
 
82 
 
 or ten minufcos, a thing they got aa much pay for, as if they had 
 the plane in their hand all the time. I was amuaed at two or 
 three men from Belfast, who fell out with £2 lOs per week, 
 becanne they were asked to dig a hole for a sleeper, at th& 
 erection of a house, they were working at a few minutes' work, 
 but they wero not labourers, and would go home, and 1 think 
 they did, as I have not seert them for some time. My ideas were, 
 if a man could get 12 dols. (£2 lOsj per week, for working from 
 seven in the morning till six in the evening, he ought to make him- 
 self agreeable ; but, if a man falls out with a big loaf and plenty of 
 beef, &o., upon such terms, let him do so, but let him not lay 
 the blame on the country. I have neither seen nor heard of any 
 man with energy, and willing to work, going idle, but you will 
 see plenty of lazy young fellows going about, and if you ask them 
 to split a cord of wood, oh, that aint my trade- -well, aint that 
 better than being idle ? well what wages will you give — 1 dol. 
 and 50 cents ! I guess I must have 2 dels., I don't work for less ; 
 and, before they will take six shillings for a day, they go down 
 to the bouse, and impose upon the benevolent. That is just how 
 it is. I have been through 1,500 miles of this province, and I 
 seen nothing but prosperity and plenty everywhere ; if the 
 people only knew what a country this is, they would not apeak 
 of it as they do, I have seen better crops of potntoes, oats, grass, 
 Ac, here, than I ever seen in Ireland, and the finest farmsteads 
 i,and farm houses I ever seen are in this province. 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OF THE BELFAST NEWS-LETTER. 
 
 SiE — I send for pvblicatioii copy of the letter received by 
 Mrs. — — - from her son, who accompanied Mr. Sidley to 
 Canada. — Yours obliged, Charles Foy. 
 
 " Cookstowu, Co. Simcoe, Pr, Ontr.,. 
 Canada, May 20, 1874. 
 
 " Dear Mother — As I wrote to you from Rivere-de-loup in 
 pencil, giving you an account of the voyage, I now give you a 
 short account of what I have been doing since I came here (Cooks- 
 town). When we (R. and myself) landed in Quebec, Dick got a 
 place, and I could have got one, too, but was tempted to go on 
 to the Province of Ontario, as I said if employment was so easy to 
 be got as that I could get a place easy enough ; so Hay and my- 
 self said we would push on to Montreal, where my ticket was 
 for ; so we did. When we landed there we left our small traps 
 at a public-house, and went to look for a boarding-house, along 
 with two others. Hay went with another fellow ; so I and 
 another went together. We pitched upon Carroll's Hotel, 
 
t8 
 
 Wellington Street — very well I did, as the landlndy hailH from 
 finniskillou, so we were at onoe friends. She is a very utM 
 person, and keepn a nice, clean house. Here we stoppud until 
 we sought for work, but could got nothing to suit. We missed 
 Hay and the other, and could not find them till by chance we met on 
 the day that we were going to Toronto. There was plenty of 
 work there (Montreal) if a man was ready for any that offered; 
 but I wanted farm work. Any person could get two dols. a day 
 (equal to 8s of your money) working on the docks for twelve 
 hours, but it is hard work. We then — Hay, my chum, and 
 myself — (leaving the other in Montreal) pushed for Toronto, 
 and went to the Emigrant Home. It was not long till we got 
 work. My chum got a place, five miles from Toronto, to take 
 care of a horse and trap and do a little gardening, for, I think, 
 twelve dols. a month, (£2 10s) for beginning, with board and 
 lodging. Then I got a place as labourer here. The farmer 
 picked me up in Emigrant Home, and he recommended Hay to 
 come up here too, as there was plenty of vork, which Hay did, 
 and found work right opposite to where I am. He is hired for 
 twenty dols. a month (£4) with board. He is engaged as general 
 man with an old man. I must now give you an account of how 
 I got on. My employer is a middle-aged man, with a wife and 
 three children. I am very comfortable here, indeed, about a 
 quarter of a mile from the town, rather village. The village 
 consists of three public-houses, a druggist's shop, watchmaker's, 
 photographer's, and two general shops, with some others. It is 
 about ten miles from Lake Simcoe to the West, eight miles from 
 Gilford Station, and fifty from Toronto. It is very clean and 
 nicely situated, about a mile from a forest, which is some miles 
 long. 
 
 " There is one Church of England place of worship, one 
 Methodist, one Presbyterian, a Good Templars' Lodge, and 
 an Orange Hall. There are no police. It is a lovely country, 
 heaps upon heaps of work, and as for girls, thousands could get 
 places at good wages. I take my meals with my ' boss.' To 
 give you an idea of how I live with him, I have beefsteak and 
 molasses for breakfast, green tea, and bread, with biscuits, 
 potatoes in abundance ; for dinner, a good joint, with pies, apple 
 pies, or pudding of different sorts ; and for tea we have meat or 
 eggs, molasses, and apple jam, cakes, biscuits, sometimes 
 pancakes, along with other cake too. The cake is generally 
 about what Gowan or Thompson, in Dublin, would soil you for 
 their best seed cake. I have a bed-room to myself, except that 
 one of the boss's children sleeps with me, in a very good feather 
 bed ; everything very clean. Indeed, I am very comfortable, 
 and learning farming beside. . • . 
 
 «♦ I remain your loving son, ." 
 
 C 
 
u 
 
 This is the lettdr of the son of a J.P. in two counties in Ire- 
 land, the owner of large property, and one whoso family for 
 eenerations have been in tne same position ; in fact, one with 
 luo blood ill his veins. I invariably find such ai the readiest 
 to adapt themselves to circumstauces, as the thorougiibred horse 
 invariably makes the best hack. The old saying — " An ounce 
 of blood worth a pound of flesh." 
 
 Now, read the acconut of the board, and also the fact that 
 in Toronto, Montreal, or any other town in Canada, yon would, 
 if there to-night, see *he labourers' wives buying their leg of 
 mutton or rib cf beef for to-morrow's dinner ; not like Belfast, 
 bnyinr; the scraggy bits of "all sorts" at so much a pound. 
 Last Winter the wife of a carpenter, named Dnnocn, who left 
 Belfast in the Spring previous, wrote to a Mrs. Montgomery, 
 Belfast, saying that she had bought in the town of Kingston the 
 carcase of a cow for their Winter's beef at 2d. a pound. Having 
 ROen the prosperity and comfort of the working classes in 
 Canada, I wrote, long before the Government contemplated 
 sending emigration agents to Europe, to the Daily Ex})ress, 
 Dublin, telling them, in language stronger than any I used since 
 my appointment as a i-epreseutative of Canada, of the folly and 
 of the injustice to theraselvcs and families of remaining in this 
 country, barely eajistintf, when they could live comfortably and 
 realise a competency for old age in Canada. Who can show 
 me any prospect except the workhouse for the labourer who 
 iremaius in Ireland until too old to work ? I, on the other 
 hand, defy any man to find the second generation of farm 
 labourers in Canada — to find any industrious fii m labourer who 
 has not in four or five years become the owner of a farm of his 
 own. I travelled for years contiimously through Canada, 
 seldom more than a week in one place, and never met one 
 asking alms, or an ill-fed, ill-clad man, woman, or child. If I 
 were not an Irishman, but a Canadian sent to this country, 
 Would I have any difficulty in seeing the wretched contrast ? 
 Certainly not ; especially with an office so convenient to your 
 Workhouse gate. I might myself do as well in Ireland as in 
 Canada ; but what I love Canadt 'or, is that I never witnessed 
 poverty I could not relieve ; an'l ' liough your correspondent, 
 *' One who has Travelled in Cam 'ia," puts me outside the pale ■ 
 of " humane" persons, and libelLd me as one who would send 
 a young man to a premature grave for the sake of a fee, I thank 
 God I am not indifferent to the want and misery I see in this 
 •wealthy town, and am free to confess that I would enjoy the 
 good things which God in His mercy and goodness has bestowed 
 upon me with more relish if I knew, as in dear, dear Canada, 
 that wealth was more evenly divided, and that no man, woman, 
 or child wanted good, wholesome food. 
 
85 .,' 
 
 " Fair laud of peace, ! ma^'st thou ever b« 
 Even an now, th« land of liberty — 
 Honoured of nations, and aporo . ed of Ood ; 
 Ou thy fair front embla/.onoil clear and bright, 
 Freedom, fraternity, and equal right." 
 
 Canada cries to tho poor, underpaid, miserably- fod, working 
 claHses of this country — " Give, give your work, and you shall 
 be repaid in comfort and independence." — Yours obliged, 
 
 Charles Foy. 
 
 Canadian Goverumenu Emigration 
 
 Dcpartmopt — Officop, 11, Clare- 
 
 mont Street. 
 Belfast, June 20, 1,S74. 
 
 P.S. — In the hands of the printer, to be published in 
 pamphlet form, for gratuitous circulation, the entire correspon- 
 dence *' Emigration or no Emigration," as it appeared in tho 
 Newt- Littler, not omitting the "Baron Munchausen" story, 
 copied from the Liverpool Albion. C. F. 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OP THE BELFAST NEWS-LETTER. 
 
 Sir— Please publish the following extracts from Immigration 
 Agents in Canada. — Yours truly, 
 
 Charles Foy. 
 
 " South Quebec, June 7th, 1874. 
 
 " Dear Sir — I have a great number of applications for farm 
 labourers, married and single ; also for domestic servants. If 
 you can send mo some. — Yours faithfully, 
 
 "James Thom." 
 
 " Toronto, 5th June, 1874. 
 
 " Dear Sir — Your favour of the 18th ult. to hand. . . . 
 Yesterday we had 400 emigrants at breakfast in the depot, and 
 last night we had not a dozen left. — Yours faithfully, j 
 
 "John A. Donajldson. 
 '• Charles Foy, Esq." 
 
 % 
 
 m 
 
n 
 
 p ^' 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OF THE BELFAST NEWS-LETTEK. 
 
 Sir — Seeing the above question has occupied a prominent 
 place in the columns of your valuable journal for some time 
 past, and having had some experience in the matter myself, I 
 feel called upon to contribute a word or two en the subject, for 
 the purpose of setting it in a proper light before the public. 
 
 About two years ago I purposed to go to some part of 
 America, and through the representations of the agents for the 
 Dominion I was induced to go to Canada. 
 
 The free grant land district of Muskoka was said to re- 
 semble the Garden of Eden in fertility. I will only say that if 
 the " holding" of o'-r first parents bore any resemblance to 
 Muskoka we can forgive them for eating the forbidden fruit. 
 The place is appropriately called *' The Wilderness," and suuh a 
 wild, barren, uninhabited, uncultivated tract of country one 
 could hardly imagine. 
 
 Let any of ycur readers who are dissatisfied with the old 
 country spend a few months at Muskoka,, and I guess they'll be 
 glad to got horn., again. 
 
 I will just give you a few particulars as to the nature of- 
 the country and the difficulties one has to contend with who is 
 so rash as to emigrate here. 
 
 On arriving at Quebec we were h^iddled into a lot of cars no 
 better than cattle -waggons, with hardly standing-room in 
 ihem. 
 
 At Montreal half the passengers, although booked through 
 to Toronto, started off for the States. Out of some 1,400 not 
 more tlan twenty or thirty in all remained in Canada. 
 Although I am an experienced business man I could raise 
 nothing better than a dollar per day at unloading freight- cars 
 at the Grand Trunk Kailway Terminus. Board for self and 
 wife cost seven dollar'^ per week, so I had to find the other 
 dollar somewhere else. 
 
 * As this was not the way to grow rich I thought of the free- 
 grant land. I started from Toronto for Bracebridge, a small 
 village in Muskoka. I travelled out a few miles into the woods. 
 An old man, riding upon a famished-looking horse, overtook 
 me. He had travelled (so he told me) thirty miles through the 
 "Wilderness" for some provisions, and was then returning 
 home. A sack, tied in the middle, containing flour in the one 
 end and meal in the other, hung from the one side of the horse, 
 and a large codfish from the other. These were the provisions 
 he had gone thirty miles for. He had left a comfortable home 
 in England, where he had received a liberal education, and had 
 many kind friends, and was then living in a state of semi-star- 
 vation, without the means of taking him home again. On 
 
 '^'iMi 
 
87 
 
 learning that I intended settling there he warned me solemnly 
 not to do so. " Why," said I, " I will still be able to grow 
 what potatoes will keep me alive anyhow ?" "If you plant 
 potatoes here," said he, " you'll have to blast them out with 
 powder." 
 
 In a few days I found myself in Pittsburg, where I have 
 been in receipt of 23 dols. per week ever since ; and, having 
 come over on a visit to the " ould dart,' I feel bound to give 
 my fellow-countrymen the benefit of my experience. — I remain 
 sincerely yours, Irish -American. 
 
 I 
 
 TO THE EDITOR OF THE BELFAST NEWS-LETTER. 
 
 Sir — In the News-Letter of this day I read the letter of p.n 
 •• Ii'.h- American," and his amusing — no doubt he thought ii 
 amusing — account of the free grant district of Muskoka. In 
 fair play, I ask insertion of the opinions of Marshall, a writer 
 whose independence cannot be questioned : — 
 
 " We visited a great numbei of the houses of the settlers. 
 In no instance did we find anyone disheartened or faring ill. No 
 doubt their life was hard and laborious, and somewhat solitary ; 
 but they had all apparently come to like it. Every man knew 
 his neighbours, and received help from them, giving his own 
 assistance in turn. "We met at different points the son of a 
 Devonshire clergyman and the nephew of a Lord Mayor of 
 London, each contented and resolved to stay. We found also a 
 number of Londoners who had been assisted out by Mr. Herr- 
 ing, and who were overjoyed at the unexpected sight of t^ie face 
 of an old friend. Without any exception, such settlers from 
 the old country expressed their satisfaction at the change in 
 their condition, and declined the thought of returning. Now 
 that roads and steamboats are opening communication through 
 the country, the course of raising a new home in the backwoods 
 is by no means so arduous an undertaking as it may appear to 
 our imagination at home. The ** bee" is popular ; it alfords a 
 pleasant variety and excitement to the backwood life ; it allows 
 opportunity for talli, advice, and the forming of new acquaint- 
 anceships. Besides, everyone who cor .es is expecting to have 
 a " bee" for Jiimself for getting in his wheat, or raising a shed, 
 or building his second house. Se /eral of our Muskoka party 
 assisted for c, short time at one of these gatherings. A finer 
 score of men than those whom we found assembled it would 
 be difficult anywhere to meet. They all worked with a will, 
 whistling or singing, with bits of talk and an occasional joke. 
 At a neighbour's house, lent for the occasion, there was a table 
 
38 
 
 ,i -i' 
 
 well spread with pork and beans, and good bread and strong 
 tea for the noonday meal. It is a general custom, well honoured 
 in the observance, not to offer ale or strong drink on these 
 occasions. The expense would be too great for many an im- 
 migrant ; and, besides, the men meet together for hard work. 
 A lusty young man, with a taste for ' roughing it," need not 
 liestitate to commence in the bush without a cent. He can get 
 work enough on the first day of his amval to pay for his food. 
 He can join a settler in clearing his plot on condition of 
 receiving similar assistance. In the growing towns he can 
 always earn some spare money. If put to a push he can get a 
 dollar or a dollar and a quarter a day at some lumbering works, 
 and there is always one near. We found such men, who had 
 come there penniless, and were now doing well. If a man is 
 healthy and strong, and means to work, he has nothing to fear 
 here, and everything to hope." 
 
 This is the report of Marshall, who was accompanied by the 
 Rev. Styleman Herring, of London, who went to see for himself 
 how hundreds whom he had sent out of poverty in Loudon were , 
 doing. Would that some of oui- self-styled "patriots," our'- 
 anonymous lovers of Irishmen, would imitate such a noble 
 example. It would be something for happy reflection, instead 
 of a selfish desire to keep people at home in order to hn ve a 
 cheap labour market. Dr. MacCormac's letter in Saturday's; " 
 News- Letter closed so much in unison with my own idea of ihe' 
 relative position of employer and employed in this coivitry^., 
 that I forgive his harsh language towards Canada ; but as uiif 
 ihe question of mortality I gave him some information, I will^ 
 enlighten him on the growth of Indian corn in Canada. An'* 
 English gentleman, in an account of his travels through the 
 States and Canada, says: — "In one of the Southern counties 
 of Ontario I walked through a field of, I suppose, forty acres of .^ 
 this splendid plant, growiu^-? to a height of eighteen to twenty^-^ 
 feet, and yielding thirty-stven tons to the acre, as food for 
 cattle. It waf ihen being cut down green. I plucked an ear 
 nearly ripe, eighteen inches long, and out of curiosity counted 
 the large grains of the ear. They numbered 600 — an enormous 
 increase on sown grain." One fact for your correspondent, 
 " Irish American." 
 
 From January the 1st to October 1st, 1873, 6,500 Americans 
 reported themselves as coming into Canada as settlers. 
 
 Now, Mr. Editor, give iL'e the smallest modicum of fair 
 play, ill the use of your coiuixms, to reply to attacks on my 
 adopted country, and I will guarantee to answer all comers, 
 anonymous and otherwise, though I despise the cowardice which 
 prevents men writing over their names ; if they are not pre^ 
 tended patriots they have nothing to be ashamed of. Patriotism 
 

 is not anything to be ashamed of; but, perhaps, the public 
 might, i^ their names were given, see that " Employer " would 
 be the appropriate nom-de-guerre for these writers. Dr. 
 MacCormac signs his name ; and if his weekly incubations 
 would produce something about Canada alone I would reply 
 to whatever he might write until the millenium, if he and I 
 would be spared so long, though I was warned by a brother 
 professional of the doctor's that tlie cacoethes scnhendi is the 
 doctor ; disease. I have no objection to his ventilating the 
 subject of emigration. The more it is ventilated the better for a 
 good cause ; and I can honestly tell my opponente I have been 
 angling them, gi'.ing them line, sure to land my fish at the end. 
 Magna est Veritas et prevalehi^. 
 
 Already I see the victory. Not only have I answered all 
 attacks, but my opponents are quarrelling with the position they 
 at first took. The News-Letter asserted at first -'that if the 
 emigrants worked as hard at home they could do as well." The 
 News-Letter now says, "if the waste lands of Ireland were 
 reclaimed;" "but," replies the Examiner, another of my 
 opponents, "if the News-Letter is sincere let it join us in 
 demanding our native Parliament. Nothimj else will stop the 
 artery. Without this emigration will go on." " No Home 
 Rule," cries the Nexvs-Letter. 
 
 Dr. MacCormac — and I thank him for his manliness in these 
 days of golden calf idolatry — says, " Tlie employers do not do 
 their duty to the employed." What will " One who has 
 Travelled in Canada " say to this ? Settle it among yourselves, 
 gentlemen, I say, meanwhile, thousands are carving out for 
 themselves an independence in " The Land of Happy Homes," 
 Canada. — Yours truly, 
 
 Charles Foy. 
 
 Canadian Government Emigrati >n 
 Department — Offices, 11, Clare- 
 * , mont Street. 
 
 Belfast, June 28, 1874. 
 

 ?MONEY TABLE 
 
 STERLING MONEY IN ^lANADlAN CURRENCY. 
 
 '•fax 
 
 LORD LISGAR ON EMIGRATION. 
 
 ..W..J!- 
 
 ^|.^' 
 
 ii^a^iil*:^ 2:«<;iM': 
 
 ''from the daily express (nJBLlN).' 
 
 The following letter has been addressed to Lord Lisgar by 
 Charles Foy, Esq, Co ainissioner of Emigration for DominioD 
 Government of Canada in the North of Ireland : — 
 
 , •. Canadian Government Emigration Department, 
 
 Offices — 11, Claremont Street. 
 
 To the Right Hon. Baron Lisgar, K.G., C.B., K.C.G., St. Michad 
 and St. George, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the 
 Island of Prince Edward, lato Governor-General of Canada. 
 My Lord — Toar speech at the Headford Estates Agricultural 
 Show held at "Virginia, County Cavan, on the 1 ]th inst., LiS 
 attracted considerable attention, especially your remarks on emi- 
 gration, your lordship having so recently returned from Canada. 
 
 >Ii 
 

 
 Your lordsVip is rep'-.hed to have said — " what would really 
 stay the tide of emigration was the gradual assimilation of the 
 wages and advantages enjoyed in Ireland to the wages and ad- 
 vantages ill Canada and the United States. They were nearly on 
 a par, as he saw in a Transatlantic paper that the farmers were 
 holding out against giving their servants five shillings a day, and 
 he knew that four shillings a day here was worth more than five 
 shillings a day there." 'i 
 
 Coming from Lord Lisgar, the efi'ect of the extract I have 
 quoted must be to make the people doubt the representations of 
 myself and other emigration agents from Canada. I therefore 
 venture to hope that your lordship will recognise my duty in 
 making this letter public. I will injustice to myself, give cause 
 for advocating emigration, and quote facts as proofs that the ad- 
 vantages of both countries — Ireland and Canada — are f:ir distant 
 from assimilation. Before p'oiug into proofs, I may remind your 
 lordship that, is your lordship is aware, by specific instructions, 
 t'ae Canadian Government emigration agents are told to in nowise 
 exaggerate the advantages Canada offers to the emigrant. 
 
 Your lordship quoted four shillings a day as the wages of 
 mowers at Bailieborough. Now, my lord, how long did the mow- 
 ing and four shillings a day continue ? 
 
 Your lordship may be aware that in the beginning of last spring 
 the *' Ottawa Valley Immigration Society " remitted over £200 
 to me, to assist farm labourers to emigrate, and authorised me to 
 give them fi yearly engagement at from £35 to £40 sterling, 
 with good board and lodging. The emigration agents in England 
 and Scotland had money sent to them for the same purpose. 
 First-class farm hands, who made no engagement here, got £50 a 
 year ; and one man, James Armstrong, from the county Fer- 
 managh, got £60 a year. The Compton Colonization Society- 
 will guarantee work on the Megantic Railway at 5s a day. They 
 will build a house for the labourer, give him a few acres of land, 
 and he can purchase as many acres as he chooses at 28 6d an acre, 
 and get years to pay the purchase money. When, my lord, will 
 the wages in this country be assimilated to £36 and £40 a year? 
 And, if they ever be, who will be able to pay such wages? Surely, 
 not the tenant farmers. Ergo, instead of staying the tide of emi- 
 gration, an assimilation of wages would add tenant farmers emi- 
 grants to tho tide of farm labourers now, thankf, to reduced 
 passages, flowing so rapidly. 
 
 As to the relative value of money in Canada and in this 
 country, I can myself assure your lordship that £300 a year in 
 Canada is as good as £500 a year in Ireland. ' ^*'^ 
 
 I take the liberty of mailing to your lordship's address the 
 Ottawa Weekly Citizen, of the 30th ult., in ^7hich your lordship 
 may see the quotations of the Ottowa market of that day, I 
 cannot, by any rule of arithmetic, come to the conclusion that 4g 
 
4» 
 
 * 
 
 would purchase as much in Belfant market as 5s in Ottawa 
 market. 1 qao^" the prices of a few articles: — Bread, white, 41b 
 loaf 6d to 6d ; ^alt butter, 5id to 6d ; cheese, 4|d to 7|d ; po- 
 .atoe^. Is to Is 8d per bushel ; sugar, 4 ^d to 5d per lb ; tea, 2s to 
 2s 6d per lb ; eggs, 6d to 9d per dozen ; tobacco, I s to 2s per lb ; 
 beer, 2d to 5d per quart ; beef, ^d to 6^d per lb ; ham, 5d to 6d 
 per lb. Ol course, your lordship knows that in country districts 
 prices are much lower. 
 
 The advantages Canada offers to the labourer are not only high 
 wages, but the possibility, nay the certainty, with ordinary pru- 
 dence, of the hired labourer becoming the employer of labourers. 
 I have been in the farm-houses of the owners of from 500 to 700 
 acres of good land, well stocked, many of them from the county 
 Cavan, who left this country farm labourers. Can your lordship, 
 or any other person, give me one instance of a farm labourer in 
 Ireland becoming, by industry, no matter how persevering, by 
 penury the closest, the owner of ten acres of land ? In Canada 
 the emigrants who arrived this year, and who engaged at £35 or 
 £40 a year, look forward with hope that in four or five years ^u 
 most they will own good farms. The Irish laboui-ev, when too 
 old to work, has only the workhouse to look to. I never met, 
 or heard of the second generation of labourers in Canada. In 
 Ireland, if they remain in it, the great-grandsons will be labourers, 
 as their great-grandfathers were. In the pamphlet which I take the 
 liberty of sending to your lordship, you may see copies of 
 letters from emigrants who, in six months, remitted £18 to pay 
 the passages of wives and children whom they were compelled- ' 
 to leave behind for want of means to pay their passages. Who ever 
 heard, my lord, of an Irish labourer at home saving £18 in six 
 months, in six years — might I not say in a lifetime ? I re- 
 member well with what pride I, with other County Cavan men, 
 listened to a speech made by your lordship at a banquet given to 
 Prince Arthur in Toronto. In that speech your lordship alluded 
 to the magnificent farms, the splendid brick farm-houses, resem- >>= 
 bling, as you said, landlords' castles in Ireland, which you saw in '■" 
 your journey through Ontario. Now, my lord, had your lordship 
 visited those houses, a large majority of the owners would show 
 you with pride — would we had such manly pride in Ireland — the 
 log house in which they commenced as farmers on their own 
 account, and tell you that they left Ireland without twenty, or 
 ten shillings, perhaps, in their pockets — poor farm labourers. 
 When, my lord, will the advantages of Ireland assimilate to 
 these ? When they do, the tide ot emigration will ebb indeed, and 
 1 will heartily join in denouncing emigration. When the Irish 
 labourer can kill his own pig, buy the best meat in the shambles 
 every day he wishes to eat it ; when he can see his way clear to 
 bcKJoming the owner of a farm, with no dread of a workhouse 
 faneral, then, mj lord, I will cry, ** Erin-go-Bragh," But till 
 
4» 
 
 then I will, with Sydney Smith, cry, "Erin-go-Bragb.. Erin-go- 
 uonsense, Erin-go-bread-Hpr'-oheeBe." 
 
 Pray accept the assuraiic 'ji the sincere respect of your lord- 
 ship'b cb-'dient servant, 
 
 Charles For, Emigration Agent for Canadian 
 
 Government for North of Ireland. 
 
 Belfast, Sept. 14, 1872. 
 
 P.S. — Just as I closed this letter a man named Heriotfc, a car- 
 penter, who left here last December, called to tell rae he had 
 returned for his wife and family. He tells me that he has been 
 living in the village of Chelsea, within eight miles of Ottawa, 
 where he has bought, or is in negotiation for, a lot. His ex- 
 perience is that four shillings in Chelsea are as good as seven 
 shillings in Belfast ; that he can support his family comfortably 
 on three dollars a week (equal to 12s 6d sterling), and that is just 
 one day's pay of a good carpenter. 
 
 /. 
 
 EMIGRATION TO CANADA. 
 
 To the Editor of the " Belfast Times:' 
 
 Sib, — I would be much obliged if you would publish the 
 following letter from the Government agent (Canadian) at 
 Ottawa. — Yours truly, 
 
 Chables Foy. 
 
 " Government Immigration Office, Ottawa, 
 loth July, 1872. 
 
 " Deae Sib, — Yours of the 27th ult. reached me in due cour.se. 
 William Larkin, C. Gray, and D. Cook arrived here, and were 
 immediately engaged. David Larkin went to Mr. Smith's brick- 
 yard, where the other Belfast brickmakers are, the morning after 
 his arrival. D. Cook is employed by Mr. Galbraith, of Almonte, 
 to take chaiT-e of a farm. Wages, 240 dels, per annum, equal to 
 £50 sterling, with, of course, board and lodging. These terms 
 are exceptional, but Cook is a scientific farmer. Gray is employed 
 by the widow of the Hon. T. M'Kay. Wages, 192 dels., or £40 
 per annum. L^.rkin gets the wages you engaged him for. — 
 Yours, very truly, 
 
 "W. J. Wills. 
 
 "Ohablfs For, Esq., Commissioner of Emigration, Belfast." 
 
 The men Cook and Gray worked in the Botanic Gardens, 
 Belfast. ' C F. 
 
44 
 
 EMIGRATION TO CANADA. 
 
 To the Editor of the Belfast " News-Letter:* 
 
 SiE, — It is admitted that one proof is worth a thousand asser- 
 tions. When I arrived in Belfast, as the representative of the 
 Dominion of Canada, I said I would appeal to the letters of the 
 emigrants, the result of my first year's representations, for my 
 success in following years. I published in the Irish Press, and 
 in pamphlet form, a large number of letters. I now send the list 
 of names, and amount of money sent to me to forward friends, 
 which is, of course, independent of large amounts paid for tickets 
 to Canada, and money sent direct to friends. I think no person 
 will gainsay the truth of good reports represented by £ s. d. — 
 Yours truly, Chables Foy. 
 
 Eliza Lindsay. Mary Milligan, £8 10s ; Ellen Wilson, £4 6s ; 
 Richard Joice, £5 I5s ; Jane Wallace, Elizabeth Wallace, James 
 Wallace, Catherine Wallace, Emily Wallace, Mary Ann Wallace, 
 i;23 7s 6d ; Alexander Usher, Mrs. Usher, Mary Eliza Usher, 
 Sarah Usher, Andrew Usher, £21 5s ; Maggie Faccett, £5 5s ; 
 Elizabeth Mallen, Maria Mallon, Teresa Mallen, £12 15s ; Honora 
 Maher, Je4 5s; Joseph Shaw, wife, and two children, £12 ISs; 
 Margaret M'Adoo, £4 5s; James Taggart, Benjamin Taggart, 
 £8 10s; Anne Cuming, £4 5s; Mrs. W. Trisdale, £4 Sa; 
 Anastasia Barry, £6 ; Eliza M'Qrath, £4 5s ; Mary Davies, £4 Ss ; 
 Jane Eliza Hughes, £2 2s 6d ; Anne Maria Hughes, £2 28 6d ; 
 Peter Kelly, Patrick Kelly, Thomas Kelly, Ellen Kelly, Bridget 
 Kelly, £20 15s ; Eliza Overend, £4 5s ; her husband, Jas. Overend, 
 a carpenter, left Belfast on 2nd May, and his letter is dated Ottawa, 
 June 28th. 
 
 A 
 
 ■'' I 
 
 : .^,^iu«.;. EMIGRATION TO CANADA. *,; 
 
 To the Editor of the Northern Whig. 
 
 Sir, — The following letter is from a Co. Tyrone emigrant who 
 went to Canada a few years ago. His brother and ten of a family 
 purpose going en the 22nd inst. — Yours obliged, 
 ■^^^ Charles For. 
 
 T 
 
 Canadian Government Emigration Department, 
 
 Offices — ]l, Claremont Street, Belfast, 
 V^ ^ ^ 13th November, 1872. 
 
 Tyendinago, near Napanee, 
 
 Canada, 22nd October, 1872. 
 Mt Dear Brother and Sisters, — I received your long-looked- 
 for, kind, and welcome letter. I wrote several times to you, but 
 received no answer. I leceived yours on the 10th inst., and now 
 
 
»/ 
 
 1^ 
 
 [W. 
 
 ) V V 
 
 46 
 
 hasten to answer the same. You want to know if you could do 
 better in Canada than in Ireland. I shall let you know how 
 some men are getting on here. I know several men here who 
 came to Canada, some with £1, some with £9, and some had to 
 work their way here, who are worth thousands of pounds now. 
 One man told me that he had 6d when he landed in Quebec, and 
 now his property could not be bought for £7,000 ; and he is not 
 the only man — there are hiuidreds of such men in this country. 
 There is no man who comes here but can do well if he is indust- 
 rious and attends to his business. There is plenty of employment 
 for every man, woman, and child here ; if all in Ireland would 
 come they would get employment, and every one over eighteen 
 years a free grant of 100 acres of land. Our Government is com- 
 mencing a railroad from Ottawa to the Pacific Ocean, 2,800 miles, 
 and men will get from 8s to 10s a day next summer, working on it. 
 My next neighbour sold his farm at £500, and went to the Red 
 River settlement last spring. The Government gives every adult 
 160 acres of the best prairie land in the Red River settlement. 
 This land will produce 60 bushels (sixty) of wheat per acre, and 
 there is room for millions, so that if all in Ireland came, every one 
 could get 160 acres. The Red River settlement is 800 miles from 
 here. If you would not like to take so long a journey, you could 
 get a farm here for £200, by paying down £100, and the re- 
 mainder by yearly instalments ; or you could rent 100 acres at 
 from £20 to i 30 a year. There is one man in the front of this 
 township who has a farm rented from the Indians ; he has this 
 year 1,800 bushels of wheat, 1,000 bushels of barley, besides peas 
 and oats. Wheat is worth 5s 3d a bushel ; barley, Ss ; peas, 3s ; 
 oats, 2s. This township is twelve miles square, and the Indians 
 have three miles by twelve in the front of it. As they do not like 
 farming, they rent it all. They are all civilised and christianised ; 
 they are the Mohawk tribe ; splendid men, and every one of them 
 an Orangeman. They gave Mr. Johnston, M.P. for Belfast, a 
 beautiful crown, when he visited Shannonville. This is a very 
 quiet country. We have no thieves. I never lock my doors at 
 night, nor my granary. Dear brother, if yon had left Ireland ten 
 years ago you would have been independent now. Your boys 
 could earn from £2 to £S a month, and your girls £1 a month. 
 Our next neighbour's daughter was oflPered £18 5s a year, and 
 would not accept it. I am paying a man 3s a day for splitting 
 rails for fencing, i sell them at £1 per 100. I have made £80 
 off lambs and milk this summer ; and, as the cheese factory does 
 not close until the 1st November, I expect to get £5 or £6 more. 
 1 have not threshed my grain yet, but the machine is to be with 
 rae next week, and it can thresh from 300 to 400 bushels a day 
 and clean it. Adam M'Alister has got BOO bushels threshed. 
 Adam said, when he had read your letter, that you could do better 
 
 m 
 
46 
 
 in this country by beg^ng than in Ireland on a small farm. Wo 
 had a hearty laugh at your saying that you had not been at Dun- 
 naskellon for twelve months. We think nothing of going ten or 
 twelve miles to see a friend. We had a visit from my wife's 
 niece and family, from Council Bluff, State of Ohio, 1,700 miles 
 from here. Napanee is ten miles from here, and when there is 
 good sleighing we can go in an hour. Dear brother, I think that 
 the sooner you leave Ireland the better for both you "nd your 
 family. I would not live in Ireland on the best farm you coulcl 
 hunt up. No farmer could live in Ireland as he could live here. 
 Our pork was done last week. I will kill a sheep to do until the 
 weather gets cool enough to kill my hogs. They are so fat they 
 can hardly rise to eat. I am fattening two beef cattle, one to sell 
 and the other to eat. Adam and Esther are well ; they say they 
 will take one of our daughters, as they live alone. John Doyle 
 and family are well ; he is building a house. We have a very 
 plentiful harvest. I never saw better time^ in Canada. 
 
 You a Affectionate Beother. 
 
 ,?v. 
 
 ....jBisas jf. 
 
 CANADIAN GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION 
 DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Office — II, Claremont Street, 
 (Off University Road), 
 
 Belfast, July 22, 1872.'** 
 
 , To the Editor cf the Belfast Times. 
 
 Sib, — I would be much obliged if you would publish the 
 accompanying letter, just received from the Immigration Agent 
 at Toronto. — Yours truly, Chables Foy, 
 
 " Immigration Office, Toronto, , 
 July 5, 1872. 
 
 "Mt Deab Sir, — The emigrants by the " Nestorian" arrived 
 here at one a.m., and now (at ten a.m.) there is not one at' the 
 depot. The flax-scutchers went to the mills of Messrs. Puller & 
 Co., Stratford. Can you send some more ? 
 
 • " The two Belfast girls were engaged as servants in the univer- 
 sity before they were an hour here ; wages, £15 a year each. 
 
 " We are not getting a tithe of the labour we require. Far- 
 mers are paying from 20 to 25 dollars a month, with good board. 
 
 " The weather has been very fine of laf e, and crops look re- 
 markably well ; farmers are commencing to cut their hay. Wlien 
 the general harvest is fairly in, I don't know what we are to do 
 for labourers. 
 
 With passages at £4 6s, and a bonus from the Ontario GoveiH- 
 ment, after three months' residence, of 6 dollars, or 25s sterling — 
 
J( 
 
 with wages from £4 to £*5 a month and }»ooil board — can you not 
 induce our countrymen to come to us, where in a few years they 
 may own good farms and be employers, instead of remaining hired 
 lervants in Ireland for their hfetimes ? — Yours faithfully, 
 
 " JOITN A. DOKALDSOir, 
 
 *'Chablb8 For, Esq., Belfast, Ireland." 
 
 CANADIAN GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION 
 DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Office — 11, Claremont Street, Belfast' jj^ 
 
 To the Editor of the Belfast Times. ^ 
 
 StR,^ — Would you kindly publish in the Times the following 
 letter from a young man who emigrated to Canada from the 
 neighbourhood of Newtownbreda last March, and oblige yours 
 truly, CiiABLES FoY. 
 
 Belfast, June 25, 1872. j 
 
 "Ottawa, 3rd June, 1872." ' 
 
 .. "My dear Mothee,— Since I wrote last I am glad to say 
 that I am getting on well, and like my employer, the Hon. James 
 Skead, well, and the country is very pleasant to live in, and I 
 hope to be able to make a good living at my trade in a short time, 
 as wages for all tradesmen are very high all over Canada, par- 
 ticularly about Ottawa, the capital, where there are a great many 
 buildings going up, and all sorts of manufactories starting, so 
 there is work for all who come out. I should like to know if John 
 is coming out. Tools are very dear here, so he had better bring 
 all his with him. 
 
 " When you write to Julius, in Liverpool, you had better re- 
 commend him, if he intends to come to America, to come to 
 Ottawa, as he will find no trouble in getting work ; and, from 
 all I can learn, it is the best part of Canada for tradesmen of all 
 kinds as well as labourers. Tradesmen get from 6s to 8s sterling 
 per day and their board, and labourers 4s to 5s a-day with board. 
 How is Mr. Frazer getting on ? and has he any idea of coming 
 out ? I would advise him to come out to this country ; for all 
 farmers about here appear to be very wealthy ; but they have to 
 work hard, as the season is short for farm work. 
 
 " Ask Mrs. (Jaw if she intends coming out this year. She can 
 get a good situation here without any trouble. 
 
 If I am spared, I hope to be able to pay you all a visit in a 
 year or two, as travelling is very cheap. 
 
 " I hope you are all well. With kind remembrance to all 
 Jriends, and love to all at home, I remain your affectionate son. 
 
48 
 
 FROM A CARPENTER WHO FORME KLY LIVED 
 
 IN BELFAST. 
 
 Pembroke, Ontario, Gauada, 
 June 28, 1878. 
 
 Deab Mb. Fot, — Perhaps yoti thought f should have written 
 to you before now, and so I should, but 1 have so many relatives 
 to write to I get tired. You may see by the above address I am iu 
 Pembroke ; you know where that is no doubt. Mr. Wills recom- 
 mended me to go there, as it was a growing town, and it is a very 
 good place ; but I can't dwell on this point now, but I will write 
 you another letter when I have more time, as I am in a hurry for 
 the mail. You will find enclosed a money order for £-1 Ss. I 
 want a ticket for my wife. I wrote to Mr. Stafford, Quebec, 
 about getting out my wife, and he sent my letter to Mr. Wills, 
 Ottawa ; so Mr. Wills sent me a letter from Ottawa last Wednes- 
 day, which I enclosed in a letter which I sent to my wife to give 
 to yoU; and the letter stated for to send him 31 dels. 25 cents, or 
 £^ 58, or to send that amount to you to Belfast, so I thought it 
 would save time to send it to you, as the Canadian Government, 
 as you are aware, have made a contract with the Allan Line to 
 that effect. I toid my wife to send Mr. Wills' letter to you, but 
 I suppose it is not necessary, i^i^he is not living in Belfast now, 
 but at her father's place in Gilford. Very likely she ynll call with 
 you, but I wish you to send her ticket in care of Mr. Robert 
 Orothers, Bleach Green Hill, Dunbarton, Gilford, County Down. ' 
 This is the address in full. She is thirty years of age. Perhaps you 
 don't recollect me. I went with my wife in April last to your 
 office at about nine o'clock at night. I was not determined to go, 
 but from the accounts you gave us of what you saw in Canada, 
 and what you knew men in my trade to do in Toronto and other 
 parts, my wife said " James, go." You laughed, and said she 
 was like the wife of a man named Larkin, who, when her husband 
 cowed the morning he was to leave for Derry, pushed him out, 
 and then you read us Larkin's letter when he wrote for his wife 
 and child. You may mind me now. I am a carpenter by trade. 
 I am well pleased with my flit. I want my wife out in the first 
 steamer from she gets my letter. 1 send her one at the same 
 time I send yours, — I remain your obedient servant, 
 
 James Overend. 
 
 To Charles Foy, Esq., 
 Commissioner of Emigration, Belfast, Ireland. 
 
40 
 
 FHOM A PARMER WHO EMIGRATED FROM THE 
 COUNTY CAVAX. 
 
 Duart, Province of Ontario, Cantida. 
 October 14, 1872. 
 To UharleH, Koy, Esq., 
 Oommissioner of PJmigraiion, Belfast, Ireland. 
 
 My deah SrR, — We were glad to see your letter in reply to 
 the remarks Of Lord Lisgar on emigration. It is, indeed, strange 
 that he Would make such a speech aller seeing Canada. No per- 
 son who has been here but must know that there is no compari- 
 son between Ireland and this country, as far as the prospects of 
 an industrious, honest man are coucerned. I think, trom the 
 offices I held in Ireland, few had a better opportunity of knowing 
 the deprivations and almost more than human exertions of in- 
 dustrious, honest families to try and exist — not live. If acow.or 
 horse died they were on the wrong side of the balance for the 
 workhouse ; here in this happy, prosperous land, if such a loss 
 occur, it costs no more trouble than the cracking of an egg. 
 
 It is no use Lord Lisgar boasting of four shilling.s a day for a 
 jltartofafew days' mowing. Here a man can have his York 
 shilling (6d stg.) an hour and comfortaMo board, and lighter 
 work mowing here than in Ireland. 
 
 't nee by our papers this week that female servants are otTered 
 twenty dollars per month, (£4 sterling), arid they have a good 
 prospect of being married to a hundred-acre farmer and becoming 
 mistress of a happy home — a contrast to the prospects of servant 
 girls in Ireland. 
 
 The more I see of this country the more I am convinced of the 
 great mistake of my countrymen attempting to live and pay rent 
 on small farms ; it is a mistake of landlords and tenants. A man 
 cannot do justice to himself or family, or live, as men who work 
 have a right to live, on less than ten or fifteen acres of ^ree land. 
 '. ''A- fanner hex'o with a couple of stout sons,, having lOO acres, will 
 think nothing of buying another 100 acres of improved land, at 
 say iiCO(> sterling, and in three year? clear off the purchase money. 
 You see the produce, or the sui*plus produce of the old farm, after 
 supporting the family comfortably, goes with the produce of the ' 
 new purchase to pay up the purchase-money. This will generally 
 take only three years ;, and meanwhile the family are not pinched 
 as the poor farmers of Irelarid pinch themselves. They think no 
 more of killing a sheep or cow than the poor farmer's wife in Ire- 
 land would think of killing a superannuated hen. We have every- 
 thing in this country to make the heart glad. Our grapes of 
 the finest and largest quality, gathered by the children who, not 
 like the children of the poor in Irelend, know the happiness of 
 childhood, are not from they are able to walk, acquainted with 
 
 i'f 
 
v*i 
 
 dO 
 
 % 
 
 the hardshipB of penurj. Every good house-wife has her own 
 wine-press. Every good farmer has an orchard, and makes hU 
 barrels of cider. Every farmer has his 120 uol. or 200 dol. 
 vehicle, and as good a spap ©f horses as ever Colonel Clements 
 drove. Every industrious man in Ireland, if they oame here, 
 could be thus indepandent as God intended them to be. 
 
 I .'>now men who, a few years ago, had not the price of an axe, 
 who went to farm on shares, and to-day hold property of 200 
 a rts each, free for ever. I'll tell you what an industrious poor 
 man can do. He can from the first day he puts his foot on 
 Canadian soil, live as well as any man should wish, and the 
 highest and best in Canada will think it no condecension to shake 
 the honest man by the hand, and will say, " Cheer up, brother, I 
 was just as you are a few short years ago. Come on, here is the 
 road to independence. Keep clear of Mr. I''amnation Whiskey, 
 and you must become independent. We have none of the 
 * haw-haw' would-be gentlemen you have in Ireland, who are 
 ashamed to confess that they ever were poor, ot their fathers 
 before them. I am sure you will agree with me, that any man 
 who could rid the old sod of these brainless, lisping idiots, would 
 be ' nng as much good as St. Patrick, when he rid Ireland of 
 snakes. The toi»! absence of such in Canada is one of the 
 greatest charms of the country for me. The Canadians love 
 manliness and manly sports. It is wonderful how soon the 
 most cringing;, fawning, toady Irishman learns to aland erect, 
 and look up like a man, who knows that an honest, ia- 
 dustrioui men han no superior but his Creator. You know that 
 a Canadian gentleman would spurn with loathing a crei^piag, 
 crawling sycophant." 
 
 Are the people of Ireland afraid of the eli'nate of Canada ? If 
 they were here they would hear none of the nasty barking 
 roughs they hear so often in tueir own country. Canudp is, 
 without doubt, the healthiest country in the world. As you said, 
 in one of your excellent pamphlets, more people, for the population, 
 dit in Canada over 80 than in any other country in the world. It U 
 not unusual to meet a man, and ask- " What is your aije ? What 
 would you ihink ? Well, I would take you to be about 60," " I 
 am 85, and, ihank God, as lively as a cricket." " If you remained in 
 Ireland }ou would not be so hearty." " I would bave been dead long 
 bince ; my fathwi died at 63, my grandfather at 65." But I need not 
 tsll you who nrtust have met many an old County Cavaa man in your 
 travels through Canada. This is the couqtry for the industrioui 
 farmer, for the farm labourer, for th j servant girl, for the tradesman, 
 in fact, for all who are williog Co work and abl"; ; aU^o for the men of 
 small stated incomes with families to support. Here they can live at 
 l^alf tlie cost they could in Ireland ; here they have free schools, eecond 
 .to :)oi^ io the world, tb«uk« to our c9Uotr7iaf>a«4)r. Byerson. Should 
 
 *« 
 
I 
 
 of 
 at 
 
 knd 
 lid 
 
 misfortune overtake a man here, should his crops be a failure, abpuld 
 his cattle die, siiould all be swept away from him, all for miles aroand 
 are ready to lift him. Talk of the warm big heart of aa Irislimaa. 
 The difference is — my poor oounlrymea would if they could," the 
 Canadians " can and they will." Lord Duffeiin is a great favourite, 
 and Ireland may be proud of the Countess. 
 
 In conclusion, I thank God who directed my steps to this land of 
 peace and plenty. I have nearly four hundred acres of land mine 
 own — no bailiff to visit me ; a good villaee property — two good stores 
 doing a good business. This is my experience, and I would like 
 Lord Liigar, "or any other man," to prove lo me how I could have 
 done as well had I remained in the County Cavan. But I suppose 
 I am like the old woman who said she differed with St. Paul— Lord 
 Lisgar does not care for my opinion. Well, I can reply, " Ditto."— 
 Yours very truly, 
 sm:,.' w R'^t'w ' Edward M'CoLLOM. 
 
 The writer of the following letters was in the Constabulary force. 
 anJ stationed in Belfast. Immediately before his marriau;e, he called 
 with me to ask my advice about going lo Canada. I advised him to 
 get raariied and emigrate. When he and his wife arrived in Canada, 
 they went to our Agent in Toronto (Mr. Donaldson), and gave him 
 my letter of hitroduction. Hi« wife, who was a good servant, went 
 to service as nook, at £3 for the first month, &i for the second and 
 £4> 10s. for the third. The husband got work at 2 dol«. a-day. At 
 the end of three months the wife left service, and with what money 
 the husband and she had saved, they started a boarding-house. She 
 says in a letter to her sister, ** Much as I love dtar old Ireland I 
 would not go back to live there." The profits of the boarding-hoase 
 will more than support them and they can put his wages, nearly the 
 J. iy of a Sub-Iuspecior of Constabulary, Into the bunk. Well may he 
 say I told him the truth, when I said he would thank God for leaving 
 the Force. Many of his comrades in Belfast told me of his success 
 before I got the letters I now publish. C. P. 
 
 ^ J,.,, AUiston Brook, Co. Lambton, 
 
 Province of Ontario, Canada, 
 
 8th September, 1872. ^ 
 Dear Father-in-Law — Idrop a few lines aojain to ;o;'. I hope 
 they will find you in good health, as we are at present, thank (*?d. 
 I see by the papers that there has bi^en great ri^'ts in Belfast ; if you 
 CC'uld send me a papar oi some old date — say the paper of the first 
 ' jreek in September. [ got only one paper of all you sent me. Mary 
 and I is watching a letter from you or Thomas every day. I expect 
 to go to London on the 8lh of October and get a passage-ticket for 
 Tom, if he will come out in November. Mary will come to London 
 with me. We have a London in Ganida aa well hs in England. I 
 
 ^i%^'^:X\ 
 
 I 
 
 $ 
 
 ■it 
 
 fit 
 
 ■ -5 
 
52 
 
 m 
 
 \i I 
 
 y' will write again to you as soon as I get your letter, and I will, perhaps, 
 '''^•end Thomas some money to get himst If ready for this country, and 
 '*^,'let him go to see my sister before he haves; he will get by train to 
 ■''" Gavan, and by van to Crossdoney. 
 
 '" Dear Sir, ^ believe I forgot to 1*11 you in n y Inst letter, about 
 our young son ; he was born on the iOih April la^t ; we called him 
 '^' John Joseph. I thought I told you in ny last letter, but Mary tells 
 ^I'me I did not. — No more at present, but remain your 
 ?*:-,v^«. i,.wwjs, v..^,.'~--i(^., ,dxj[w»4 i;««i».i-' Son-in-law. 
 
 ,Bi, i^^^;^ J -^ working lSy tte day now. 1 have 8a 4d per day of 
 "^English money ; that ia pretty jgpod. * 
 
 f^, ,,T(i,.. , ^..; ii...*<. October 21, 1872. 
 
 -. Dbar Fathek-in-Law— I send these few lines to let you 
 
 know that we are all well. I receivt d your Utter in due time, 
 
 and I was glad to hear of your btinsr all w*'!!. Dear Sir, I am 
 
 glad Tom is going to come tut. I have a place for Lim at 
 
 , 79 S^d per day all the year. I am keepiuir a boarding-house 
 
 V for the men. I am working^ still; theie is eight of us ia 
 Durobeir. I have a girl hired at JBi a mon;h. I am getting 
 328 6d a week each for boarding men. I sent ^69 to——— — — 
 to pay Tom's passage, and buy some things he may want. 
 Mr. will 606 Tom all ri^hfc, aiifl 1 lold you all he would 
 
 |,want on the vessel, and what he will want to bring to this country. 
 
 ,' -I also lold about the route to my si^tir's When Tom cornea to 
 Portland he will get the train to Waterford. When he arrives in 
 
 ;, Waterford let him leave his boxes in M'Donnell's store-house, and 
 
 1 walk to AUiston Brook, and call in any house, and they will show 
 him the way to where I live. If he is short of money when he lands 
 in Portland, let him stop in some place, and write to me for more } 
 
 '.\ let him mind his things well on board the ship or they may be stolen 
 
 .from him. Let him bring me a good black thorn stick and a 
 
 ~' Ballykilbeg pipe.— Your ,^ ^,^^ .., ^ Son-in-Law^; 
 
 ■ _ To 
 
 'i\i Ballinderry Upper, 
 
 . , , County Antrim, IVelaAdi'A 
 
 :■ :(#iJ» ■ 
 
 ,rmi.m^sm^^'^'^ AUiston, Co. Lambton, Canada, 
 Hf?«sii ■-■ii0t^#^''»»»S»^'i>»>^^*^'5'** <^^ llth October, 1873. 
 
 ^ Dear Brother, — I changed my mind since I wrote. I want you 
 "^but this winter. I told you in my last letter that Tom and I 
 ^were at work on our own farm, we bought one hundred acres of 
 ^^land and sold it out again, and bought the timber of 100 acres, 
 '**jind are going to make hoops; we nave fwo years to take the 
 '^'Iboop timbprs off the place, from the first January, 1874, so we 
 ^'^rtot Philip to come out this winter and we can all work to- 
 * gether. We have two men hiied at present, for six months each. 
 
 .Oft "i '-••'" 
 
 'Mk 
 
 
 ) ■ .< 
 
58 
 
 |ou 
 
 I 
 
 I of 
 
 Kve 
 
 I am sending your passage to Mr. Foy, 1 1 , Claremout Street, ^ 
 Belfast, the gentleman by whose advice I came to this country, • 
 his office is near the workhouse on the Lisburn Road. Be sure 
 and make no delay when you get this letter. I will send you ii2f,jj^ 
 to get you ready. One knife, one fork, tin pint, tin dish and |^ 
 sppon, one tick at Is 6d, and. one rug or blanket. These are tJl,^ 
 you w^nt on the vessel and 2d woiih of saltwater soap, which,;^ 
 you will get on the quay. No matter what any man says, you, {^ 
 want no more. Ask Mr. Foy for a certificate and he will give ifc i^ 
 to you, that is for six dollars of your passage money, that you, ,4 
 will get back again when you aiie.thxe.e months here. Bring all 
 the blackthorn sticks you cau get, they are of great value here ; 
 bring, of good clay pipes, about 7 or 8 dozen ; get a small box 
 and pack them with sawdust ov bran. Tom will send you some 
 more money as soon as you come out. When you come to Port- 
 land, get the agent to sign the certificate you get from Mr. Foy, •*! 
 then you will get your six dollars back again. You will get a '^ 
 free train from Portland to Montreal, and from Montreal ta ** 
 Toronto, and to Watford from Toronto. You can leave your " 
 box at the railway at Watford. If you come into Watford on ■ 
 e'ther Monday, or Wednesday, or Friday, you can get to AUiston >* 
 on the post car for 60 cents. If you can't get your certificate ^'^ 
 signed at Portland, get it signed by the agent at Montreal. ^^ 
 
 I send a few lines from Mary. — Your affectionate brother, « v 
 
 »» 
 
 From the wife — Dear Father and Mother, — I am greatly dis- 
 appointed that you would not let my sister come out to me ; I have 
 a great deal to do, and it would be a great comf and ease to 
 me if I had Mary with me to help me ; I did no ,vanu her i go 
 to strangers, if she had come to me, but it unot be helped now. x 
 J. hope you are all well, I am in good, heal k God, I have 
 
 good care and good food; everyone gets ^ av "H iw>al4,, 
 wish to see you .') in this country of ours. Thomab ite hi^py^^J 
 
 with his sistf. f^ii* more so than in Ireland, and the bab) a very. 
 proud 01 him ; i am glad to hear of all the folks ; let mc know 
 how Miss Susan Movelaud is, if she is at home. Dear Father 
 and Mother I must conclude witl^ much love to ypii, Joseph sends 
 
 his love to you also. — I remain, your affectionate daughter, , 
 
 u' if' 
 
 "Proia a youno: man (a carpenter) who emigrated from Newtown- 
 rbr^il, April, 1872. 
 
 Ottawa, 3rd June, 1872. 
 
 My dear Mrs. Oaw — I am happy to aay I am well. My pay ii^g 
 about 40 dels, per month (£d),workiqg at my trade, but ot' cooriifg 
 ^I oaqnot draw my money until I have all expenses paid, getting 
 ..clothes and buying tools. I am very comfortable and doing well, and 
 
 It? 
 
 ^ 
 
like the concern I am wurkinsi in very much. Please let me know 
 
 how'>-^ are. I have taken ^ood care of myself since I came 
 
 here*, leaving liquor altogether alone. I have tried to find out where 
 James Connor is, bat cannot ; be must have gone to some other part 
 of America ; should any of you. friends think of emigrating, you had 
 better advise them to come to Canada, particularly to Ottawa, as 
 wages for all tradesmen are very higli ; lots of work, and living 
 cheap. There is loiis of work for females ; sewing girls get 4s a day 
 
 of your money. Give my love to . Write soon. Your true 
 
 friend, 
 
 20tf Uman 
 
 ■iib. 
 
 m^ftnii f!<-, 
 
 Claggan House, Cookstown, 
 
 1st Nov., 1872. , •«:'''" 
 Bear Sie, — The young man Moore,to whom you gave an asalsifced 
 passage in August last, was engaged immediately after landing, in 
 the town of Barrie, county Simcoe, at 4 dollars (16s 8d) a week and 
 beard and lodging. I send you his first letter, and when the pro- 
 mised second comes to hand I will send it to you. 
 
 Can you give assistance to families ? I have a large family to send. 
 The head of the family is about to sell his farm. He has ten of a 
 family. I do not wish to speak to him about going until I hear from 
 you. — Your^ yprj truly, 
 
 , , ; „. , Qeoege Rahsay. 
 
 i(!«-l 
 
 Charles Foy, Esq., Commissioner of Emigration , 
 
 ii>.- vi •?;;:„■ ,. Belfast. -i-f '•■■'< '^i - ■^'■ 
 
 >Ui U! 
 
 n'i 
 
 CK.' 
 
 The following is the letter alluded to : — 
 
 ■' • ' " Barrie, Sept. 16, 1872. ,.? 
 
 " Deae Fathee and mother, — I take the pleasure of writing M" ' 
 few lines to you, and hopp they will find you all in good health as 
 God is pleased to leave me at present. I hope you received the 
 few lines I sent you from Quebec. You would think I should have 
 written more to you, but I had not time to spare. I enjoyed 
 myself pretty well on the ocean ; but when I got on the cars I did 
 think it a very weary ride ; so in place of getting out at Bradford 
 I made a mistake and came on to Bramley, and, as I could not get 
 back that night, I stopped there, and I found out that I was close 
 to Uncle Vv'ilUam's. I had some fun with them, as I did not make 
 myself known till I came to Cousin William's ; so he and I went 
 out to James' on Saturday night. He was in bed and I had a 
 fine lark with him. He was going to put me out, only William 
 cam** in; and then he looked at me and said, ' Are you John Moore?' 
 So we spent the night there, and then James and I, uncle John 
 and aunt, drove out to Bond head; it is a distance of about 16- 
 miles. I thought it a very nice place. I promise ^ to stop a few 
 
 "■/ 
 
 > i / 
 

 m 
 
 Lt 
 
 days ; in the c«^ut*8^ of & month' Oi* so I shall be able to t^ll you 
 something about it. My friends are all vexed with me for start- 
 ing work so soon. They said if I would wait for a week there 
 would be a better chance then. I was a little bit ripe on that 
 point. I am getting 4 dollara a week, found in everything. I 
 am coachman for a gentleman in the town of Barrie. and about 
 five minutes' walk of Lake Simcoe. Barrie is a great bu ines 
 place, and I can see my friends every Saturday that they come to 
 market. 
 
 I like this place very well, and I have not much work to do. 
 Before I left Ireland I heard people say that they would not live in 
 this country, but I cannot see what occasion they had for 
 saying so, unless they were afraid of work ; and I do say there 
 is some good medicine for lazy people in this country and 
 also plenty of work for them that wants, especially female 
 servants, and I expect to have Martha m this country yet, 
 but she must bear in mind she will have to work before 
 she becomes independent. Cousin William says he thinks 
 he will go to see you all nest Summer, if he is spared to 
 that time. He sent three letters to his father, and got no answer 
 to either of them, and he thought he was left the old place, so you 
 may tell him to look out for a letter in the course of three weeks, 
 directed to Tubbarmore Post Office. Thay all join in sending their 
 best respects to you and all enquiring friends. I hope all my 
 old acquaintances are in good health, and I expect to see them 
 again, as I am not tired of ocean life, and will think less of my 
 passage-money back. Kemomber me to all my brothers and siscers, 
 and their families, and to all my friends. I shall write a lettc r to 
 Mr. Ramsay in the course of a few weeks. So must now conclude, 
 by bidding you ali good-bye, and I hope you do not feel uneasy 
 about me. May God bless you all, is the prayer from your son, 
 — V -■.,■, John MooEK. 
 
 'prom a LINEN-LAPPER who left BELFAST. ?* 
 
 ,;||,;j ...;; . -..j-fjri; ; Waterfbrd, Ontario, 29th May, 1870. 
 
 •' Deab ■■ ■ , — You want to have my opinion about this place, 
 I like it well. I am busy every day working i>: a lumber-rard, 
 or what we call at home, a timber-yard. I am measuring it as it 
 comes off the train, and is sent out to buyers. The wages I have 
 are 5s a-da}i. I saw about ^n'-r.hfr job on yesterday evening in 
 a saw mill driving a small engine. I will get it if I like I 
 expect about 8« per day in that place, and in August I can get in 
 a grist mill — that is, a flour mill — in Strathoy, at 8s a day. I 
 would rather be there ; it is more lively than this place ; it is 
 where my cousin Thomas is. There is a new brass band there 
 belonging to the volunteers ; they were wanting rae to join, so I 
 
 
 J ■ 
 
 *) ■ 
 
 I 
 
 ir 
 
:>6 
 
 intend to join when I go there ; so you see how I have been doiugaft 
 
 since 1 came here. You say that Qeoj^e is saving to come^lofe 
 
 and I would recommend you all to come out. If he comes youn f 
 can send me word. If he hae no other place to go to I will do all .-• 
 I can for him, on your account. There is no such thing as linen-, 
 lapping here; you will have to take anything at first, like me,. 
 As for Jane the wages she would have would be six dollars (25s/ii 
 British), and the provisions are so cheap — .beef, 2\d per lb. I aiOtlq 
 telling you nothing but what I can stand over. You would dgsai 
 well; no person need be idle b4rQ i£ they want to j^rork,., ,Xiaqp ' 
 quite happy. il swit vi- .'' -! .^ .,...i<..,r .^f t o-.s^jQ. 
 
 ifi^i ■im'fAi I f/ft Goaerich, Canada West, June 8th, 18704- <*» 
 
 Mr. TiiOMPSOK, Armagh. ._^ 
 
 SiH, — As I am now settled for this year, I write you this letter.je 
 to let you know how we get along. When we came to Liverpool /<{ 
 W8 were detained there for nine days, for which I receivedifg 
 £8 78 6d from Mr. Smith ; he is a very nice gentleman. We)if 
 went on board the " Lake Superior" on the 6th of April. Wehadiii 
 a very rough passage. We had head-winds almost all the way.,*? 
 We landed in Toronto on the 9th of May. I went to Mr. Donald -lijt 
 6on and gave him Mr. Foy's letter. He told me that there w.iSfi. 
 a lady speaking to him about a farmer man, and to come again in >d 
 two hours, and the ladies would be there. When she came shelo 
 wanted a single man, so he gave me a ticket the same day ta^j^j 
 here. I stopped in an hotel in Goderich for four days, and had nofeiq 
 to pay anything. I was sent free from Quebec, and we were wellrui 
 treated all the way. I engaged with a farmer, two miles out odl 
 Goderich; I got 200 dollars for this year, about £41 of your/d 
 money, and free house and firing, and plenty of fruit, and the|f: 
 milk of three oows during the summer, and an acre of ground for? 
 potatoes. There are 200 acres of this farm ; there is none living 
 on it but us. My boss lives in town and keeps a livery stable. 
 Thefe is four of our children at school ; the school is free. I am| 
 ploughing every day, and will be ploughing all summer for falll' 
 wheat. This. is a nice country, and the people here are very kind, i 
 Please write me, and let me know if you have got any word froml 
 William Smith — where he is or what he is df'.ng — and send mOic; 
 his address ; I want to write to him. If yob see Mr. Millen you* 
 can tell him I send my best respects to him. I have but littkii 
 more to say. I am well pleased, for all Mr. Foy said is true, and 
 I only wish I h«d come here ten yoars ago. Me and my familjsg^ 
 are first-rate. Nothing more at present. — Yours respectfully, h 
 e; ^? Alkxauder BB0WHL;W 
 
 VAddresR — Alexander Brown, mm'^:,*imwi::'im wtv^' 
 
 ' 4>^fe,T,ri-s Goderich, Canada West. <^aiA|if|iei)i»,;f?i^^<4i5|«JlSi«i^ 
 
nam 
 
 m 
 
 ' .-■« 
 
 PorUdown, Slst October, 1870. 
 
 Dear Sir, — You may recollect Wm. Woolsey, who waa induced, 
 by readinj? yoar lecture, to go to Canada, on the ISth May last, 
 As a proof of how he i» doing, he has sent ma 18 guineas to p^j^,, 
 the passage of his wife and (our childjon. I have booked them 
 for the " Austrian," to sail on tho 10th November. As it will 
 take all the money to pay their passages and make them reacly»i/. 
 might I ask you to recommend them for a fr je train from Quebec 
 to Aylmer, and thence to Quivi Village. Woolsey 's letter i^^ 
 dated Fitzroy, 10th October, ami postmarks on envelope are Onslow^, j 
 and Ottawa. I may tell you that Woolaey's former employep,gj; 
 Mr. Stewart, thought so much of him that ho gave the wife and 
 family a free house since he left. The names and ages of the 
 family are : — Martha Woolsey, 35 ; Mary Woolsey, 10 ; WiUiaiiJft((? 
 John Woolsey, 8; Elizabeth Woolsey, 6; Martha Jane Woolseyij^, 
 4; and Samuel 11 months. 
 
 ', When may we expect you again iu Portadown ? Pleaite send 
 me a fresh supply of your admirable lectur^. — Yours truly, 
 
 D'Akcy Sinnamon, 
 
 * r,,,. ') ),,,:?: Agent for Messrs. Allan Brothers, 
 
 Montreal Ocean Steamship ^q^m 
 
 The following is a literal copy of a letter received by the Coo^-^^ 
 missioner of Emigration for Canada, in the North of Ireland :-^fJt 
 " Mr. Charles Foy. November 3, 1870. .,„ 
 
 " Dear Sir, — I had a letter from my children, stating by youj^jf 
 letters they got a free passage m welcome from Quebec to their; - 
 friends, and wore kept a night in a hotel free, and everybody was 
 very kind to them. I hope you will pardon me for not writing 
 you before this, the reason was the children sfiid they would sooa 
 write. I expected more information iu it. When I get thein^: 
 letter, if there does be any more information iu it I will write you 
 again ; I have not got it yet, I could not think of waiting any, 
 longer, you were so very kind to u«, writing to us. I never seeii, . 
 a letter that I was so thankful for than yours, stating that the 
 ship the children sailed in arrived safe, for which I return you 
 sincere thanks ; the children said, when they were leaving me, 
 that they would write to you, and tell you the way they were 
 treate4. Anything I can do for Canada or you I will do it. ^ 
 
 " Your obedient servant, f^, 
 
 ;Ut t... "Robert LijfD8i.Y. 
 
 • "Mukeny, Ballinamallard, Trvinesfcown, Co. Fermanagh." 
 
 OrchardhjU, Canada, 
 Julv 11,1872. 
 
 Deab Sir, — I take the liberty to send you this note, and tp 
 sincerely thank you for your kindness to me, and to let you know 
 
 
 1|i 
 
 Jil 
 
 % 
 
 -I 
 
 M 
 
 :i!i 
 
58 
 
 how I got bnmifcliis country. ¥ landed in Ottawa on the 22ad of 
 May, and Mr. Wills bad my choice of three places for me, at £45 
 per year, but I would not work for that pay ; I told the man I am 
 working for now that I would go out one week on trial, and did so; ; 
 well, I stopped with him for one month, and agreed with him, if I 
 should continue to like his place, to work for him at £60 a year; 
 of course this is Canadian money. I cannot say much for the 
 country yet, I never wish to pass my opinion too quick ; but you 
 will get a letter from me in some time, an d you will be at liberty 
 to publish it any way you think fit, and I hope it will be as good 
 as you get in common ; but my mind was troubled, leaving a wife 
 and family behind, it is a hard trial when a man's means are too 
 poor to bring them with hiui. But I will send for them in a few 
 months, and hope you will do all in your power for them.-ryour 
 
 obedient servant. . , 
 
 To Charles Foy, Esq., *^**'"*^' * ' i^nu,in>^ inm^:, 
 
 11, Claremount Street, Belfast. . . 
 
 The wife and family pailed in the following harvest. C. F. 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 Pembroke, Canada, 
 Sept. 17, 1872. 
 
 Dear Sie, — Very fortunately I am not limited to time in writing 
 to you, but I have so many friends and relatives to write to, that, al- 
 though I have been reminded by different circumstances, at different 
 periods, sinco I arrived in this great country, that I put it off from 
 time to time, until I am beginning to think that you will class 
 me with the people who have made great promises to write very 
 often ; but whose letters have been very few and far between, 
 and their resolutions like the morning cloud and early dew. 
 However, sir, when I make a promise, however insignificant in 
 itself, I always intend to perform, in common decency, if I would 
 not call, injustice, or uprightness at all, for I am indebted to you 
 for the straightforward manner in which you acted in regard to^ 
 our' passages from Ireland to Canada, and also for the truthfulness 
 and unbiassed information you gave, respecting the country, which , 
 has been so much overlooked, to some extent, in days gone by, 
 but nevertheless, a country which I believe is destined to become 
 one of the most flourishing on tho face of the earth ; but perhaps 
 I may be going a little out of order, as my object is not to say 
 what may or may not be, in future, in store for Canada, but more 
 to give a little 01 my own short experience, or at least to help 
 to remove some obstacles or stumbling-blocks out of the road 
 of those at home, who are thinking of bettering their condition. 
 by coming to America. Well, in the first place, I will state that 
 most pt^ople b«v<j a ceriuin idea, or rasher c'rtaiii ideas, in their minds, 
 long bftfore thry c:>ni« from home, what they will do, or what they 
 will not do, never for a moment asking the Lord to blpss their honest 
 
 \ ly : 
 
5^ 
 
 •'■ft$i?i 
 
 endeavours to better their circumstance?. Oh, to (hink hovf many ' 
 misrepresentations of both the character of the country and iU in- ' 
 habitants, would be saved by a little prudence and foresight in this ^ 
 matter, and if any person will give a fair uprigh' -statement, not only ' 
 by report, bat bv an experience coupled with sound, rational judgraent ''■ 
 in a matter which wiil affect the destinies, directly or indirectly, of ' 
 generation*! yet unborn, but to a more practical and more substantial 
 point, — Wages. Well these points are very well known by most " 
 people at home, bat as this town is called a backwood town, I «ipeak 
 from experience. I am a Carpenter an«! Joiner, and havn middle ' 
 class wages, th*; height being 2 dols., and lowest 1^ dol. per day, for 
 ten hours; the work is certainly easier than in Belfast, a* a whole, 
 the bosses, or masters, mor*; sociablfi with their men, in facf, where 
 I work at present, I could not find out who was the employer, until 
 I enquired, and I have found him one of the best of men, and I 
 believe, as a rule, it is so in most of places in Canadii. When you 
 take into consideration, board, &c., b:;ing 3 doh. a week, wo may oume 
 to the conclusion that any man who wants to rise, to hare a liille 
 independence through n few years, both from what I havd seen 
 personally, and information from those who have been here a con- 
 siderable time, I would recommend them to come to Canada ; they 
 will enjoy liberty, both civil and religious, and if Industrious, may 
 soon become in'lependent. 
 
 When I write next, I will enter into a more detailed account of 
 the rates of this country. — Yours truly, " J*^. 
 
 • James OvMnEWD. 
 '^''' To Charles Foy, Esq., ^r ftrf Ijhm 
 
 1], Claremount Street, Belfast. .'mim mm'f^ ^gm^i 
 
 '•'• ■■" Waterford, January 18, 1878. • 
 Dear Father and Mother, — I received your letter on the 
 14th inst., and am glad to hear that you are well, but I am sorry to 
 hear of Uncle William's death, and it will be very hard for Margaret 
 to bring the children up. I am also sorry to hear of little John 
 Whitten's death. You want me to tell you what a dollar is 
 worth — A. Canadian dollar is worth about 48 2d, or thereabouts ; 
 but an American dollar is about 3s lOd. As for getting my 
 health, I have no reason to complain of it, it's very good. Dear 
 Father and Mother, I send you an order on tao General Post 
 Office for the sum of £7 sterling ; but the other half of the order 
 may not be in Belfast as soon as you get this letter. Since I 
 have come to this country I never was so comfortable as where 
 I am now, for I am very well used, and have a good feather bed 
 to lie on. I am glad to hear that Edward has improved in his 
 haild- writing. Tell him to be a good boy, and mind his school; 
 and tell Thomas the same, and if spared to Easter, I will send 
 Thomas, Edward, and Ellen, a present. As for how I enjoyed 
 
 .i 
 

 myseli' at Chriiitinia, I will ttill you. 1 waa on^ of cuiploymeut afc 
 that time, and I was in the town of St. Thomw, and on 
 Chmtmas morning I was wakened and raised out of nay bed, as the 
 nej(t house to where I was stopping was on tire, and I insisted to , 
 put it out — at least, to keep the house I was stopping in ^rom 
 taking fire. That is the o.jIv Christraas I have ae^n yet in 
 -Canada. Thank God for my health, I never was better in all 
 my life — that I romenaber. Dear Father and Mother, I think it 
 very strange tbat you are so long before yoju received a letter 
 from m^. I answered every letter that I received from you. ^ 
 am glad to hear that tra^e is doing so well. Let me know how 
 all mj friends are, and also all the neighbours. No more at 
 ipresent, but remain, your affectionate son, 
 
 ' il.Hl 
 
 Letter to a gentleman, near Cookstown, who recommended thd 
 writer to me for an assisted passage. 
 
 mm oV«fll JSiJW tti -^ n J T ^n^.u lona *^^^ 
 
 Nepeau, Canada, January 19th, 1873. 
 
 Ml Dkab. Sib, — I take this opportunity of writing tliese few lines 
 to you, hoping you will excusfl me for not writing sooner, but I 
 had very little time to spare since 1 came out here ; it is a fine 
 country for making money in, all sorts of labourers are in great 
 demand, In next April ther§ will be work for any amount of 
 men h^re in Ottawa. I am told by the natives that this place has 
 made more progress the last five years thai^ it has done for 
 twenty years before. Men get 2 dols. per dny ; servant girls are 
 in great demand, they get from 5 dols. to b dols. a month, and 
 their board. It is the b^st country in the world for girls, they 
 never have to go outside to do any work. My master wonders 
 very much that there is not a gii-1 sent out to him, as he was 
 thinking that there would be one ou|: along with me, and you , 
 might try and get one out now, it is a good place, and they are 
 the deoentest people about this country. I hope your mother is 
 in good health ; give my l^t respects to her. No more to say , 
 .lit present.— I am, dear 8ir, yours truly, .isj, ;i^ il a 
 
 You raaiy send this letter to Mr. Foy, Belfast. '^ f^ivtif 
 
 'tf>imhm-ii/ih>^ ij iiid iK.'ii -Greenwood, Canada, "'^* 
 
 I'.&mHij^'^if' ' ■ ' Febniai7 5,1878. '^ 
 
 SiE, — I write to let you know that rpe an4 my family are well 
 and happy. You may mind that you, si^nt m,e and my family pf ; 
 seven, In August las^. I hav^ seen part qf a suqamer, and p^Jrt pf 
 a ipnter. The summer wias pretty hot, and the winter is pretty 
 cold) stiU I have had as cold weather, and as hot in Iiel^d ; but 
 
 ^ 
 
K; 
 
 $1 
 
 L 
 
 % 
 
 ''^bt^iS long a 3i)cll at onco as here, but it is not intolerable. This 
 
 "'is a far better country for a poor man than at home. I found 
 
 ^ ' good employ ever since I came, and write to you to return you 
 
 ^thanks for your kindness tome; for when I landed in Quebec, 
 
 your agent read me your letter you sent to him, and he sent the 
 
 ' seven of us up free, and gave us provisions to carry us up to 
 
 ♦ Duffin's Creek, We are living fiv; miles from that place, at a 
 place called (ireenwood, and like the place well. We got the best 
 of board and kindness. My wife was very ill on the passage, but 
 great praise is due to the doctor for his kindness to her. I am 
 thinking of sending for some more of my family, and hope you 
 will do as much for them as you done for mi'. The agent told 
 me I oould get a hundred acres of land for myself and one for my 
 
 ' mistress, and every child over i 8 years ; so if T could get thft rest 
 '~ of my family out, we could soon be ready to join it. I have a son 
 and daughter-in-law, and a son in England. The children I have 
 with me are the smallest, and if I could get some of the older, 
 they could help us more to prepare for the free land. I have not 
 had much time to save much since I came ; I still have some saved, 
 
 ■ and would wifh some of them out, if you would be so kind as to 
 - write me a few lines, and let me know if they can get out in April 
 ■»• or May, at the same price, I would be thankful to you — our pas- 
 
 : '• sage was JE4 Ss each. It is likely my son-in-law and daughter-in- 
 law will come first ; they have two children ; they are small ; his 
 ' name is S?am. Stuart ; he was reared at Dundonald, but they are 
 
 ■ living lit Donaghadee ; my son is the same name as myself — Wm. 
 .. Cammack. I do not know how many of them are coming till I get 
 
 ■ their letter ; so now I conclude by sending you my kind thanks 
 ' for your kindness to me. My address is to the care of Alfred 
 
 * Meen, Postmastmaster, Greenwood, Pickering, Province of 
 'Ontario, Canada, for .^ , . WiELiA^t Cammack. 
 
 .y Please write soon, as I will know about them coming. ,.,. 
 
 lU ^o Charles Foy, Esq., • > ■'> iffo 
 
 "s)iij Belittst, Ireland. ; g|rt tiig; 
 
 'i^'j 
 
 'M tf -t/ 
 
 • -^' Dresden, Province of Ontario, Canada, 
 
 February 8th, 1873. 
 
 ' DuAR Sin, — I take this leave of addressing these few Une&'to 
 
 ^ you, as I think it my duty to my adopted country, and my coun- 
 
 ' try'rtien at hotne. fay all accounts I can see from Ireland, times 
 
 ;"6re duUi and all expectation of a deal of emigrants com.ing to this 
 
 ^'Jcountry, and to the States, but it would be well for thein to try 
 
 ^ '.Canada first ; for tnen wishing to buy farms, there is any quantity 
 
 for sale of clfeared or brush land to suit purchasers, on easy terms ; 
 
 no better land in any part of America for wheat, oa^s, barley, peas, 
 
 potatoes, and corn ; our laws cannot be equalled in the world. A 
 
i^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ,. man hau all cbancos to do well, il he wialioH IukIi wages — for lum- 
 bering, £1 ICs to £8 a montli and board ; lor farming, £3 per 
 month and board, is the general rate, and the men cannot be had. 
 ! Female sorvanta are very scarce, and get good wages. Sir, there 
 1 is some young men coming out to mo in the Spring ; I wish you 
 ;Y to forward them to Chatimm, then they come to my place oq 
 stage, and I shall be obliged, if any ol my countrymen call for my 
 J address, that you give it to them. 
 I I remain, your obedient servant, 
 
 mr BO])ERT GrAT« 
 
 f^CTo Charles Poy, Esq., '^ 
 
 Ikd Belfast, Ireland. 
 
 The writer of the above left tlie neighbourhood of Moira a poor 
 man ; he now owns 200 acres of land, and ha» paid the passages 
 ' oi'»even farm labourers from his native place. — C. F. 
 
 Kingstown, Canada, 
 
 May 12, 1873. 
 
 ] Sir, — According to promise, T write to let you know how I 
 
 ; have succeeded in Canada. Perhaps you will blame mo for r ^t 
 ..writing sooner, but I thought it better to wait until I had .. 
 
 I. year's experience, and then I would be better able to give a true 
 opinion of the country. In the first place, allow me to say that 
 
 . a great many people in theoM country undervalue the advantages 
 offered by the (^anadian emigration aid passages, and think that 
 the agents are nothing but a set of advertising quacks. Now, 
 sir, I have had an opportunity of testing the matter, from the 
 
 , engaging of my passage until I got settled in Kingston ; I found 
 your advice profitable throughout, and your description true to 
 the letter. On my arrival at Quebec, I gave your letter to the 
 agent, who gave me a ticket for Kingston, and the address of 
 parties here, to whom my wife had a letter of introduction. On 
 our arrival at Kingston depot, the caretaker took charge of all 
 our luggage, and provided a cab for the women and children, the 
 men of the party walking down to the oflBce, a distance of about 
 a mile, where we were very kindly treated until we got employ- 
 ment, which we all had by the next day. Mr. MacPherson, the 
 agent here, is a very kind gentleman, likewise Mr. Hitchin, the 
 caretaker. Nothing can exceed the kindness and attention that 
 is paid to emigrants here ; they want for nothing while under 
 
 ' their care ; and now, sir, from my own experience, and the opinion 
 of the public, I believe the government agents are gentlemen of 
 the kindest natures. As regards the country, I need say little. It 
 
 7- looks a little wild at first sight, and the impression usually made 
 J on the mind of emigrants, on their arrival, is that they want men, 
 
 " and indeed men we the only things they want, to make Canada 
 
^68 
 
 'k 
 
 ■Ik' 
 •t 
 
 one of the finest countries in the world. There is a home hero 
 for every person that is willing to work, there ore thousands of 
 miles vet tnat the plough never touched, so none need fear, there 
 iH employment and good wages for all. The climate is delightful, 
 with the exception of about ten piercing cold days in the winter, 
 and the dame of hot days in the summer, but a great deal depends 
 upon the kind of work you may be engaged at for the time. On 
 the hottest day we had last summer, I felt «|uito comfortable, 
 although working in the open uir, and, as for the winter, I walked 
 a mile night and morning to my work, and never lost an hour, 
 go it is not so bad after all as it ia reported ; although, on the 
 whole, winter is colder than in Ireland, the air is more pure and 
 bracing, and, I believe, a more healthy country than the former. 
 
 There is one sign of prosperity visible in Kingstown, that is, 
 jbhat for thirteen thousand inhabitants. I have neither seen pawn- 
 ihop^ or beggar, so compare that with any town in Ireland. 
 There are two carpenters from Belfast, who came out in the 
 " Texas," joined work with my boss last week, their names are 
 Anderson and M'Clure, as near as I can remember. There is room 
 for a few good hands yet, I believe. Be sure to advise all 
 mechanics to bring as many tools with them as possible, as edged 
 tools are very dear here. Clothing is much the same price as ia 
 Belfast ; provisions are cheap, especially beef. Accept my best 
 thanks for your trouble, and believe me, dear sir, — Your most 
 obedient servant, 
 
 Jahes Black, '^ 
 
 Formerly of 03, Hanna Street, Belfast. 
 
 To Charles Foy, Esq., if 
 
 Emigration Commissioner, 
 Belfast. 
 
 .■//■ 
 
 Port Hope, June 23, 1873. 
 
 Kichard MacPherson, Esq., Kingston, 
 
 Deab Sib. — I wish you could send me two farm labourers who 
 have been accustomed to farm work. I would employ them for 
 any period from one to twelve months. I have three newly 
 arrived emigrants now in my employment. I keep ten men, as 
 I farm 450 acres, and have over 200 head of stock. My farm is 
 situated two miles west of Port Hope, on the Lake Shore Road, 
 in one of the finest gniin growing sections of the Province. Almost 
 any number of farm labourers could find immediate employment 
 in this neighbourhood, at wages from 18 dols. to 21 dols. per 
 month. I will guarantee the above wages to good men who have 
 worked on a farm, say, from £3 12s 8d to £4 16s 8d sterling a 
 month. 
 
 If they enquire at Port Hope, almost any one will direct them, 
 
M 
 
 or, if they go v^reafc on the Grand Trunk, they can comie to, my 
 place, hs the train crosses ray farm. — Yours truly, ,. ,r' 
 
 jiiiil^-V^t^^^^ib: ;;i^T/.l(i^^TlI0MA8 HaeeisonVj.,;.,„,,?, """ 
 
 tmi ai 
 
 vfl::> 
 
 Box 78, Port Hope, Ontario. 
 
 Letter to the Government Emigration Agent, at Kingston, 
 .ol<1*!.!ici»"iOar,,!iixjm .u'fi j ^yftCanada. 
 Uv;!. "*' Port Hope, July 7, 1873. 
 
 ■;«-• {To Mr. MaePhersoin, Government. 
 
 ;;i i. 7 ih. .HV' Agent at Kingston, n il,i -ifiMs ijKfl ': . "fcfv *:- J( v.^ 
 
 ^''•' B^tt;— ^We take the opportun) y of thanking you very kindly, 
 for your kindness you showed us, vphen we CJ'Iled upon you, and 
 we thank you likewise for sending us to Mr. Harrison ; wr have 
 found him very kind to us in every respect, he has paid us with 
 good wages for the first two months, and if we like the place after 
 that we can stay on for the winter. Excuse these few lines. — We 
 remain, yours most sincerely,^ 
 ■'"'■' '■ ' "■'"' ' Geohoe RAii.'-'^'''v 
 
 i^Ulif i. 
 
 
 
 James Kendnes's. 
 
 » 7 1 J ff * rort Hone, July 20, 1873, 
 
 I wish to 1p(' yoT. icnow that t am working to Mr. 
 
 ;'■• '"Mr. Ma^lPhereon, 
 Dear Stb- 
 Hariiaun, where you sent me; I get a dollar-and-a-quarter a day 
 and will get that till all the harvest is over. It is a very tine 
 country here, I like it much better than the States, I was there 
 five years. Now I want to get out my family, and I hope you v/ill 
 get it done for me as chesp as possible, I would like you would 
 write to Mr. Charles Fc^ Belfast, and ask him how luuch the 
 charge would be for thi-ee passages, as the money I have, I need, 
 to gd; a house preparec' lor them. My wife will pay the money 
 there. I will be very thankful if you drop me a note, and let me 
 know all I must do. Pleasa let me hear soon. — Yours in respect, 
 
 . JOEN PeDE>F. 
 
 vjw Care of Mr, Thomas Harrison, Port Hope, 
 
 i|(The writer of the fbllowing (a Germ an 1 was a baker in Mark's 
 Coiifectioner;]r<^£stablisbment, Belfast. 
 
 J^omlA .95«ivo''^^rfd'Jo«.;u1iife-(uBy5okvi)'o, Ontario, Canada, 
 ia^^i7(lf<.u^^* a-inift'.flfima i>«ft hi»o» ktmtn 2l8<' Julr 1873^,'-* X*"' 
 
 •u^t j.i t ■•- . • .\-..r, :• I . , ..! : ... •'» ': t\' ..: 
 
 rt /i "Deab Sie, — I am glad to write to you from such a fine country 
 j-ou did send me and mj family to, you will remember the German 
 pastry ccoh and confectioner you did send to Canada last Easter. 
 I have a \ery good place here. I get lU dols. a week wages, and 
 can live with my family very well for 3 dols. a week, »o I can 
 
 .h«i 
 
 i 
 
 [ 
 

 larsk's 
 
 ountrj 
 erman 
 aster. 
 8, and 
 I cau 
 
 I 
 
 Bare m Vtach every weelc a« I had waged altogether in Ireland. 
 Dear ^, if you wiut to m >ke use of tin* letter, I would be g'ad 
 to Bee pastry cooks and bakera coming out here, every day })cople 
 adv. rtiae for them, and I have been a good deal known among 
 the bakers and pastry eo ks in Belfast, ho it may induce some to 
 oome oufc. Dear sir, would you make use of, ^||;^19 letter ?-T-l.r«r 
 main your humble servant, (,/- ,-; • '-r;,. ...,,. , . r,v? 
 
 ).ot.,'i5rf?JO'i.l fii'}h !>-,« ,<-iJao'jol" hh ;--,■/ v^Pebdinxnd Dvaim. ■. 
 iKdi.y " To Charles Foy, Esq., ;,iw.|j -h^v^. • "—ii v- ;,k4i .m.^. 
 «tlj4UCi«retnont Street, Belfast. i^nl^oiitAmQ .oiirowT iqI 
 Ji lilliv ilftilJt'-t.* ^iniil^'Ma(Mi. ' ?:»vjwi. iJii;i'j, iiov.r/jiiil^ ■.;*■-.• J 
 
 iiiw *i 8ti Clarpndon Centre, Co. Pont iac, Province of (Quebec, i 
 
 26th August, 1873. 
 
 ifiiB, — No uoubt you will be surprised to hear from me, you 
 can look at your books, and you will find my name, C. W. Lloyd^' 
 booked for steamer "Texas," but I missed the "Texas," and 
 came by the steamer " Missouri." 
 
 I gave your letter to i\Ir. Wills, Ottawo, and I am sure he 
 acted very kindly to me, and got me a very good situation with a 
 Mr. Bhaw. I like the situation very much, and the j>eople I am 
 with are very nice people. If you could send out some more 
 working men, there is plenty of work here for all. I would ba 
 glad if you would write to me, hoping I am not giving you too 
 much trouble. I could not speak too lightly of this country ; I 
 did not like it at first, but now I like it first-class. I intend 
 sending for my wife and little ones at once, and as they are living 
 near Cork, could you arrange for a cheap way for thetu to get to 
 Belfi ht . I have written to my wife, giving lier your addre.s.s ; be 
 good enough to send her as cheap and as eomfortible as you 
 possibly can. I think she will be rea'ly about the 1st October 
 next, J would bi) glad if you wrote to me, — Yours respectfully, 
 
 5, To Charles Foy, Ksq., i>twft»ii:h(maivfi vm -swiopm^ 
 
 Belfast, Ireland. ^-r^r^--:'^-- :^h.n'i>mir^-mi^ 
 
 .From an Emigrant who left in the Spring, 1878. tiy.;! ,; i^^nayim 
 
 Castiomore, Cauada, Oct. 12, 187^. o** 
 
 My DEAU MoTiiiiu AND Bkoteeu, — 1 now write these few lines,! t 
 in answer to yours of the lOth, which found us all in good health,«i 
 thank God, and I am very glad to sec by it that jou are all well, 
 hoping this will find you the same ; well now, dear mother, I 
 hardly know what to say first, but 1 am hapj»y to tell you that 
 James is going to Toronto to-morrow, to send you £16 to bring 
 you both to us. I hope and I trust in God you will get safe here. 
 James will send tin money to Mr. Darrngh, you can, get your 
 passage at the same place as we did, as I have got the cheque for 
 my money, that Mr. Foy gave me h certificate for, and I will g*t 
 
.jirr^iirf. 
 
 it to-morrow. W«ll now, dear mother, father waa aver^ aad • we 
 were all together to-day, arranging about pendingfor 70u, helotoka 
 well ; it is only a fo»tjiight since I seen him I* fore. Dear mother 
 keep a few shillings till you get to Quebec, to pay for provisioni 
 on your way to Toronto, and be sure and get the agent to write, 
 at we done to father and J.«>mes, for they knew the very day we 
 were coming, and you can write to us before you Btart a few days, 
 and some of us will meet you in Toronto, and dear brother, you 
 will have to mind your things in Quebec, and get them checked 
 for Toronto. Dear mother, a bit of oaten bread and butter is the 
 Lyst thing you could liave on sea, and something to drink with it. 
 1 think I can tell you no more about your passage. James is with 
 the same man he went to first, and is engaged again for another 
 year at a hundred and sixty dollars ; his employer is an English- 
 map, he was very kind to us when we came out, and kept us some 
 days and nights, and is always glad to see us if we go tOi see 
 James. Now, mother, 1 have got little more to say ; we, all join 
 in sending you our. kind love,. hoping you will write, soon, give 
 our best respects to Mr. Darragh and family, eo good bye, and 
 may God protect you both on the ,paflsage.rr-Your affectionate 
 daughter and sister, •> ' 
 
 > v.?! r MjiaY M'Q.uiLLAN, lOhav/ 
 
 ro j r:^r. .. ;, .1 j .» .Gastiemore Post Office, 
 ! •. > ■^''l V -;;.-•- 'r. Ontario, Canada West. 
 
 James got John's letter, but I don't think he will write,, as there 
 is no use of us both writing. 
 
 '.d \Aii(j'U 1 
 
 : I tti. ~hyU«^ '(M'jr rf-jiii Jvi >:5WiM'A 
 
 The writer of the following is loo old and feeble to emigrate. iJie 
 once held a good position ia this country. ?ji h>\-p^ifi'ji C. F. t>;^ 
 Baliyraacarrett, Belfast, 18th November, 1871. 
 
 Dear Sir, — 0-ving to your activity iu procuring subsciiplions, 
 and Mr?. Foy's good nature, you were, under God, the oieani* 
 of sending? ray wife and her two daughters to Canada, in October of 
 last year. 
 
 From tlie kindness of W. Johnston, Esq., M.P., iu last July, who, 
 through a friend of hi*, the family obtained (in the same house), 
 comfortable situations. My wife writes iu last month to her daughter, 
 thus, after eoknawleJf»iDfi; Mr. Johnston's great attentiou ;—" This 
 S3 a lovely country,— a couofry blessed with every comfort. I would 
 not exchans;e this country, wiiii all its labour, for any home I ever had 
 in poor old Ireland. So my daughter may ihialc how huppy we are 
 here, although we have tio work — ^yet it is pleasant to be paid for our 
 
 work.*. 'J •:' t .-.'t. Ml: ■" i;;'»w»! v* ■» ft^-»i !t.irt'H.i v.>»jii'U«i ••'■.v^ ^'-Mi*/;- ri ,y.at>i-nvt 
 
 Make any use 6f this yoo^plfettseJ^trUly VdttW,^ ^ ^'^ ^'^'"'^ "^t 
 
 hii\ 
 
 IMh 
 
 C. Foy, Esq., Emigration Agent wstf'i'JM '*'^'« **^^'^^'^^'%****'5 
 ^-liior the Dominion of Gaaadai ' '* ^m >"''^ •''^ %M^,-mmm^!^p 
 
 w' 
 
m 
 
 yjii 
 
 f» Lettet from a yotrag mAti (one of fire brothers), wbo left th* 
 neighboarhood of Moira, Co. Dovvn. The men, n&med George 
 and Isaac Banks, went from the same neighboarhood withottfc 
 any ideans, and now own a hntidred acres of land : — A 
 
 «^if# ftd I Dresden, Province Ontario, Canada, ! 
 
 f _ -■ = ^-' • ^ March 3rd, 1872. ''^ 
 
 • Mir DBiR Pahehts.^I k6i*W6*T^"going to write you a feW shbrti* 
 lin*8 — too^ long neglected — to let you know we are all well at 
 present, and trust in God, who is the giver of all goodtiess,. 
 that you are both in good health, and enjoying every comfort 
 which this world can afford. I had a letter from Jane a few 
 days ago, she is well, and she thinks a great deal of this country. 
 I may say that our winter is about gone, it has been a very 
 pKaSant one, and a great deal of work was done ; it has been 
 verr dry since last July, you would scarcely get a drink in the 
 couiitl*y without sinking a well. We have been getting out 
 square oak timber, as' it is in great demand; we bought it off 
 parties standing in the bush. We make it and draw it to' the 
 river, where it can be shipped to other countries. Men are very 
 scarce in this country ; men's wages are £4 a month in the 
 winter, and from .£5 to £6 in the summer. I think that there 
 is no better place in the world than here, as work is plenty and 
 men are not to be got for Ic . e or money. Last fall in the month 
 of November, I paid George and Isaac Banks £Q each per 
 month and board, and was glad to get there. They have bought 
 100 acres of land, and are living on it. The land here cannot 
 be surpassed in any country. The tax is about sixpence to the 
 pound, according to the real valuation of property ; this pays 
 all, school bill and all other taxes included, as the schools are 
 free in this country. We can raise" as good crops hero hs you 
 can iat home. I have cut wheat one ton to the acre, and it was 
 the seventh crop of fall wheat in succession, and the ground was 
 never manured. As for my part, I like this place too well ever 
 to leave it. Robert was telling riie that Thomas Boyle is coming 
 out in the Spring ; vou can tell him that if he comes he will 
 find plenty of work. And all the young men thinking of leaving; 
 home I would advise them to come here, ^;ud we will find them 
 ail work as soon as they arrive ; I can tell them what to do. I 
 have little more' to say. Anne: and the two children are wflf^ 
 they join with me in sending our love to you, and also to 
 
 Johnny and Minnie. — Yonr affectionate Smi, '• " , 
 
 Thomas Boyle Bailed on the 12th April.— C.F. . i^, 
 
 Dear Sir, — I shdtild have written to you before this, for tti 
 let you know how I got along in Canada, after the trouble tlf it 
 yon took with me in giving me letters of recommendittio' . to 
 
 
M 
 
 the different agenU in Ontario. I sailed from Londonderry on 
 the 2u(i of June, 1871, and I arrived in Quebeo on the 13ih of 
 Bame month, having a very gooti passago ; wo were all well 
 treated on board of the ship, our food being served in abundance. 
 On arriving, our goods was taken caro of, and shipped on the 
 Grand Trunk Railway that nighf. Arrived at Kingstown oa 
 the 15th, I went to Mr. Macphorsou, as you directed, he offered 
 rao several places, but finally sent nie to Mr. Piatt of Adelphias- 
 town, ou Hay Bay. I liked the place and the people very well, 
 hut the wages that he offered mo ft.s farm servant was too small 
 for me to accept, he only offered 15 dollars (£3) per month, 
 '.vitli house, garden, wood, and the grafs of a cow, but I could 
 nob take that, as I could have done bolter at home. I only 
 stopped six weeks, when I again started for Pttrolca, the oil 
 region of Canada. I arrived there in August, and found ready 
 employment at good wages. I took piece work, and could often 
 make 5 dollars (^l Id) per day ; as long as I worked that way, 
 I could on an average make 2^ dollars (lOs 6d), I stopped on 
 at that to the month of January, when I went to work at James 
 JJawsoii's rttiutry, as atill man, at 2 dollars per day, with ground 
 for house, oil to burn, garden, and grass for as many cow« as 1 
 chooso to keep, Htid as many pigs as I wish to rai^^e, and often 
 tho present of two or tlueo loads of wood. I am still with the 
 same person, only at reduced wages, as tho oil market has 
 failed in price, and ages in all cases is lower. I get at present 
 9 dollars per week. I have three head of cattle, one pig, and 
 lots of poultry, so that I have my own milk, butter, eggs, and 
 pork. The markets here are in some cases very high. I will 
 give you a lii^t of tho principal things in British money : flour, 
 100 lbs , 14s t3d ; potatoes, -Is per bushel ; fggs, Is per dozen ; 
 butter, la 6d per lb. ; beef, 4^d to 6d per lb. ; boots and clothing 
 is a little higher than at home, but the working man can live 
 better than in Ireland, and has a good chance to raise himself 
 to be tho owner of a good farm, which I am working hard to 
 do myself. I went this fall to see the free grant land at 
 Muskoka, but the place did nob suit me, and I did not settle. 
 Perhaps you as ona of the agents would like to hear the reason 
 I spent a good deal of money and time in looking over tho 
 country. I went to Toronto by the Grand Trunk Railway, 
 thence to Washago by the Northern Railway, from thenco to 
 Gravontursfc by stage, and then to Bracebridge by steamboat up 
 tho river. I then travelled tho different; townshipi as far as 
 Trading Lake by land. The country is principally pine and 
 ceder timber, with limber of all sorts mixed through it. Tho 
 land is broken with a great variety of lakes and red pranite 
 rocks, the largest I ever saw. The lakes are full of islands of 
 different siaes, from an eightli of an acre to 1000 acres, all covered 
 
 I 
 
to 
 
 at 
 le. 
 ion 
 Iho 
 
 'y» 
 
 to 
 up 
 
 las 
 Ind 
 to 
 ite 
 of 
 
 with timber, and some of them occapied as farms; the grootod in 
 general is stony and rough. The chief reason tha* I could not 
 settle, is on account of school, if I took in ray family they would 
 neither see church or school, without travelling two days, so T 
 aui thinking of going to Ked liiver, as soon as the spring 
 opens, and I wiih you to send me a letter of introduction to 
 John A. Donaldson, the agent in Toronto, so that I can got a 
 pass for my family, as I paid my own paspago, and do not 
 want to leave Canada; I think the Government should assist 
 me. If you think this letter worth publishing, you will pleare 
 put it in tho " Londonderry Journal,*' and if you can assist me in 
 getting to Red River, and desire any information, I will 
 furnish it to you with pleasure, hoping that you will excuse me 
 for the liberty that I take, 
 
 ,isfifMij I remain Sir, your obedient Servant, ' 
 
 .. f,j^:i^,yy M John Rowan. 
 
 7,.0harle8 Foy, Esq.'at. Ji'-wi ^ ' ■ " ■ •'^^ ..4 -kt^-^--- * 
 '■'■■ '• Tt'r? -^ "f.i-jr. March 14, 1874/** 
 
 1. Dear Wife, — I take my pen once more to write you these few 
 lines, to let you know that I am in good health, thank God for 
 his kindness to us all iu this world ; hoping this will find yon 
 enjoying the same when it goes to hand. I received your letter 
 on the 12th, I was glad to hear of your doing so well ; but T was 
 sorry that you were not willing to come to C'anada. I do not 
 rue coming, I hare better health here than in Belfast, though 
 the winter is very long, the storm has no sign of going away 
 yet/; you did not let me know if it was you sent me the news- 
 paper I got a week ago. My dear wife, my time is in on the 
 li)tb. I was watching for your letter a week sooner, thinking 
 i would hear the time you would be comi«g to see Canada. [ 
 would have looked for a place that would answer us, this is the 
 right time of gottiug a place for to hire for a year. I can not 
 do so now, not knowing till I hear from you again. I do- not 
 intend going home for this Easter, but I will leave where I am, 
 I do not like this place as well as the first place I was in, but 
 if you do not come out this spring it will disappoint me very 
 much in getting a good situation. I was sorry of you wanting 
 me home so soon, when I have the winter in ; I will stay this 
 summer, at any rate, before I go to see you. If [ am spared 
 health I will be able to get perhaps 5 dollars a month and good 
 diet till then. 1 am laying out none that I can help. I do not 
 smoke nor drink any, I suppose you will hardly believe 
 that. I never was in more n^ed of you than at present, every 
 thing is fToing to the bad for want of your hands, my socks and 
 shirts are all the worse of the wear. I was keeping up my 
 heart, thinking you would be with me in June some time, you 
 will write as soon as you get this letter, and let me know what 
 
 
ra 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 yon .will do aboat coming.. I ial«ild0d going >. to tli4<Toity!i«r 
 pay yoar passnae after this week till I got your lettAv. I «ntg]|i' 
 not be/ar away till I get your letter again ; one tblng I B&yi I 
 lik« the country very well < we could live here firftt rate, you 
 would nob have to go to the factory if you were here, you would 
 get plenty of. good beof, it is only from 3 to 4 cents'^. 
 pound. I 'have done very well since I came here this weekfl 
 will haveabont.£25, that is -in nine months. If I am spared -I 
 will have 12 iiuwe pounds before the year is in ; do not delay 
 in your next letter. 
 
 No more at this tirae^ still yo«r husband to deatU. 
 
 Richard LoK'OMooiotf.**!^ 
 
 f!i^ 
 
 <s«:,>»ii n i 
 
 4, Elgin Terrace, Antrim Road, 
 V ....f.. May, »->d, 1874. 
 
 DxAR Sir, — Enclosed is Wm. Farr's le v which I only 
 received from Glenavy this morning ; you m^.^ make what use 
 you like of it. It speaks well-r-his learing; last August with a 
 wife and three young children, being able to send, as he. haa° 
 done, six pounds to his brother.- — I am, yours very truly, 
 
 Charlhs Wii. HiBttW*,'."* 
 Curat e-^-St; James Ohtkrob. ' 
 
 ' Rbv. a»d Dea» Sir^- 
 
 ■(IW 
 
 Parry Sound, Maroh Slsl, 1874. 
 
 -Your favour of the 26tbiult., iuformitt^ 
 me of your change of plnc(», came duly to hand; I ara glad W 
 hear that you have aueh a fine class in your Sunday ^hoo), and 
 that you have some Glenavy boys in it, to keep it fresh in your 
 memory. As to getting some farmers to assist them out,' on 
 conditiousiof their paying it back again, is out of the question' 
 in this part of Canada^ for it is but quite a new places -and the> 
 settlers are not all able to hire men, let alone assi at emigranptr 
 out from the old country. But I think thatif yoa would write 
 to Mr^ Donaldson, Emigration Agent at Toronto, that' hw 
 would get them out, as he knows the be&t placesi to send them' 
 to, and might get a farmer to pay their way out^i a letter' ooaiiug( 
 from you would carry more weight with it, than from'tM^ a*' 
 you would state the case better ! than I could, for I know^* timt) 
 the government are alive to the value of a healthy emigyatiDUt' 
 and eticourage all they can. If I was outside among what ^iniiB' 
 be called the farmorroi Canada, I might be able to getrsomd'Of) 
 them to assist them' out, on condition of theai wodcing €oi^- 
 them itntil it was paid up, but this distriofc is neWj and mxui^* 
 have time to get the istamps; out,' so thatihe ^plough bui^ do itf ! 
 work before it oau.be called a farming district ; at-preMnt^4iK> 
 
 •• V 
 
tl 
 
 
 )# lam^Mring'distnot,' ** tidtlMinB^'^afld t(unf» 'log^iqg" being) the 
 «rdep6Fthe'dajr. 
 
 'Tkvre k«s been a< project' started fbr founding* a Tempecan«e 
 iGblony in vhe^townf^hips of M'Mnrrioh and Perrv,' Parry Sonnd 
 ^tflfcriet. A joi*tt«tock company will be formed (tho International 
 Tetnperanc&'Secblemenv Companj), for the purpose of manag- 
 ng'ih» af!^ir( of the oolony. If yon would like to know more 
 aboot tile propesed' colony, Mr.' Donaldiion, Toronto^) woold give 
 all the particulars. 
 
 ^Tiie^ land' in this district is more or less rocky, but still 
 •ettatns stifficient good land to snpport a large population. 
 Beaat^fnl lakes and namerons streams, abounding in fisb, 
 diversify the country. I irrote to Frank dast night, ' and ■' I 
 intend.to leeadhim six i pounds in the course of a fortnight. I 
 oould not send him what would bring the family out, but I 
 think that if you would apply to Mr. Donaldson, they might be 
 got.'out cheaper, or in some wfty. assisted. ,, 
 
 "Wehave an English and Methodist Church, day and l^widay 
 Schools,, and Orange and Temrejance Hall, Court House, Post 
 0<ffice, -flpun stores, two saw miUs, and a grist mill, and about 
 600. souls, so that as i-ec^ards prayer meeting, r&a, it is much 
 better .than might be expected in the backwoods of Cai^ada. 
 V/ith best respects to Miss Hardjbg and ^ yourself.— ^I remain, 
 your obedient servant, ,^,;^ ,^^ J- ;;f^^,{;^;;^^^,^^ ' ^ 
 
 iSey. Charles W. Harding, .uuiijiiao ^ili v 
 
 , . ■ ■ ^■.•; vli l « ji(JUl)b 1')h ■ ;I! 
 
 i9%^^'i i?i.o imijmiti-j'a'i/i.i? -ni!/ >o -v Thistletou, ■ Canada, ^i 
 ri )i xlv0oil3l« ,l/'jw iHiiiiln '>tf* td,i f .'^■■y Lith'May, 1874. ?.'i 
 
 Dear Sir, —I must say that I do r.ot rue the day that I lelt 
 Belfast. I am ^ getting on in Canada better than I could do in 
 the old country ; I get pay for my work, and you get the diet 
 vour master gets, and t am in better health than I had in Belfast. 
 I send jou the sum of £4. 10s, you will please send my Wife and 
 child in a good vessel, and thence^ to Toronto ; I will meet them 
 there if God spares me till then, 'f ''"^'' 
 
 „• f4 -':• - ^^1 f • . " ".""■• 'KlCHAJlD LONOMOORE. '■ 
 
 ,Mcs. Xongmoore and child sailed on the 3rd Juue, from 
 
 
 r^-.r»^ J ^tiitxiijk.L 
 
 
 iis! _ 
 
 rfJrW JMni c 0^1 «>^ « i 3< 
 
 4, Elgin Terrace, Antrim Koad, 
 . ., , . May 7th, 1874.,^3'>ithfuji 
 
 My Dear Sir, — Toura received last night. The persons to 
 whom Parr alludes in his letter, are his brother and brother-in- 
 law, who have families. They are most anxious to get out, but 
 ■kottld take their families with them, as there would be no 
 
n 
 
 H 
 
 incttDi of support for them nntil they ooald send for them. It 
 wonld lake more money than we could raise. Do yoa know of 
 any ft»rrner!i that would asciHt tbern oa'. ? Two or three of the 
 broiher'in>law's children are qaite fit for work, tho cldetit baing 
 about sixteen. I will wait to write to Mr. Donaldson until I 
 hear from you. 1 do not know of anyone for the places yon 
 apeak of. Having left Glenavy, I have no opportunity of 
 advising any of the soperabnndant labouring classes there, to 
 try thtir fortune in the Dominion of Canada. It ia very 
 pleasant to get such good aocoouts from Farr, who, when in 
 Glenavy, whs a fisherman, living in a wretched hut on the shores 
 of Lough Neagh, jest able, and no more, to get the bare neceSr 
 saries of lijTc. — I am, yours very truly, ^ 
 
 ' ■/"" • •'• Charles Wm. HABDiwa. -n 
 
 Jr,i 
 
 -iiiiii.) 
 
 My Dear Sir, — In July, 1872, 1 wrote to you for a parhphlM 
 entitled — "Canada as a Field for Emigration," I received it by 
 return of post, after reading it, I sent you the fnre of passage, 
 and 1 immediately received in return a ticket to ifeail on the 19th 
 July, *7if which I did, and landing in Canada on the first 
 August,'72; being then a member of the Royal Irish Constabulary, 
 many told me that I would lament my change of a light oc- 
 cupation, to go to work hard. I was recommended to the Chief 
 of Police, Toronto, by the gentleman you gave rao the letter to, and 
 in one month I was under double the pay that I got in Ireland; 
 it is only when a vacancy occurs that a situation can be got 
 here on the city force. I like the climate well, although it is 
 very cold in winter, yet, with extra clothing, we can make our- 
 selves more comfortable than in Ireland, enlivened with the 
 trotting of horses beating time as it were to the chimings of 
 ^leigh•bells, sailing-boat like, along the enowy streets. 
 
 As 1 have prospered so well, I want to recommend two 
 cousins of mine to the care and instructions of yon and tlie 
 agents on this side the ocean; I am sending them the money 
 to pay their passage to Canada, they are stout, able young moti, 
 and very industrious, and the very thing 1 know suits this 
 country, their names are respectively Samuel Logan, and James 
 Alexander Logan, they have no money but what I sent them, 
 BO 1 hooe you will do the same for them as you done for me, 
 they ari) single, and will be wanting to go on a farm. With 
 kindness, 
 
 I remain, yours sincerely, 
 
 Alexander Kennedy. 
 Charles Foy, Esq., Belfast. ^ 
 
 ■ . •■ tl«