IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 1^ 112.0 us 11.25 il.4 M 1.6 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation ^o ^ **% ^ /^ A r/. sj ^ iV ^\ « 23 WIST MAIN STRBIT WUSTM.N.Y. \*SM (716)«72-4909 CiHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D □ D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagie Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^ et/ou pellicuMe Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes gAographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ fSeii^ avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouttes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte. mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas iti film^es. L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a iti possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-6tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la methods normale de filmage sont indiquis ci-dessous. |~n Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged f Pages endommug^es Pages restored and/oi Pages restaurdes et/ou pelliculdes Pages discoloured, stained or foxet Pages d^color^es, tachetdes ou piqudes Pages detached/ Pages ddtachdes Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of prir Quality indgale de Timpression Includes supplementary materii Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible I I Pages damaged f I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ r~7 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ □ Pages detached/ Pages r~~] Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ I I Only edition available/ D Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont iti filmdes A nouveau de facon d obtenir la mailleure image possible. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplAmentaires: Pagination as follows : 470-476 p. This copy is a photoreproduction. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Vancouver Public Library L'exemplaire film* fut reproduit grice k la gAnArotit* de: Vancouver Public Library The im«(>9s appearing here are the best quality possibte considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hund corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les images suivantes ont AtA reproduites avec le plus grand soin. compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet* de l'exemplaire film*, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimte sont filmAs en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la derniAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires - originaux sont filmAs en commen^ant par la premiAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE" le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent dtre filmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich*. il est film* A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Ler diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 1 , ' 2 3 4 S 6 ^^m^^^^mi^mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmi 470 Adfh/\>JK>'(ijir»l Mis'i 'lau >. (i.U'l yiir Hj'iI^: 970.4 H31f Pam Family Life of the F-'IcIal^, Quccj^ ChaiioUo Iskuids. Byr.ov. C. liAij'i.ON. Tjik Ilaldiis seem to Le relatcil from tlie lowest in rank to il.r suprunie chief of tlie Uiitioii. Slaves, wlio nvlio in tlualLlom uuii) qnite recently, tL> wA rank. They uciv foiiaeily b-ju^u'-ht ard .<.i!.I like iloj,'s, but ^v)thin thtj pnstlifu'.n yt.ii.s tlie mi>.siunarl» have succeeded in inducing the Indians tu free their .shive.s. Ikforu t!ie advent of tlie missionaries, a llnida cliicf liad one or movu \vivc< together witli feinitle slaves for couculiinvs. Tliechihlren of fr..-o born vvives ^verL■ alone reekoned as his, and tlie children of the slaves -were i;old or letained in shivery as be desired. The luendjers of one ciest cannot marry with others of the .same crest ; for instaiiee, a Ijear cannot marry a bear, but must murrv a "\vhalc or au eagle. ,■• Thk Camp on RANCHEraE. The houses of tlie old Haidas are objects of intense interc-t to ■visitors. These strni'tures are reel angular 70 X CO feet, and are built with cedar hewn to the proji :• proportions with stt.uie ad/;es or axes, having been erected before iron iinjileirents were kjio'su to the Ilaidas. The raftei's are immcnso pieces of timber ruuuir.g the full length of the building, and hewn flat on the iuside. Tin- chopped surface is so level that a per.-?on would believe at a c.isinl glance that the timber had been sawn. Some of the houses are built over pits, between which and the walls there is a space ten feet wide. The pits are about i^n feet deep, aiid arc entered bj, two stej>s, each live feet high, which is an evidence of the ex.ig- gerated notion Indians generally have of themselves. The ])it.s .serve as a. protection from dampness, from smoke, and from .^addeu attacks of enenn'es. • . ' ' Tiir: Camp Fn:E. • • - • In the centre of the })it is the camp fire. During the winter montlis they always keep a good fire burning both day ar.d nigh*. ] have seen as muedi as two cords of cedar piled up at one tlni'.. At'ouu'I this liri' the Indians sleep, and the children jday. It is also their cooking department, and there all the food is made j'cady. There the Indians tai' of olden times, and there it is ■where the faniily discussions and conversations are held. Around this structure the ladi'js and e,-entienien of the Iluida nation ditss and make their toilets, and all the duties perfmnicd in the v.h:te Irian's liudehainber weie there discharged in the jKilmy (\:\\'> c-i old. 'J'h'ey also cat- theii- food around the camp tire. The o.'^ Indians do not need tables, and chaiis are also dis]ien.-( d with, A few go')d sl/ed kettles aiv placed on the ground neai' the fire, :ind the family .s(p;al (.ui the gr'.umd around them One contali'.s bji.t' AvJ.lti'oiiolojko.l Mi-vrll'm''.'. tin,l j\'t/'' Jl'>iJ:>. 471 Ti.ilihul, niioniei' ijofatoe.-, nnotlicr boilcil salnioti, nivl .'iT.ot!!<:-- is filled wiili b'.Trus orf,a-ea=.o. Tiiey use v.-ooiirn spoon?, nl-') .'■j-'ni.s inatio out of. cow an«l deer lionis, botli larLTf nii'I .small, aial (Vvj, into v.liieh pot thej like tlie lit>st, and take both tlicii- .souji nnd fish to^'ethcr. Tlio women as a i-ule }>rej)are tlie potatoes fnr the men and put them on tlie boards around the firi'. The j)r,ietu'c u{ makiucr fire by simple friction is no^'*" at an end, as too mneh f.imc is required and the result is not always satisfaetory. They ].iav use the -white man's mateli. I'nt if away from ho'.'ie and there are no matehos, they make chips of diy cedar, and sprinkle a littli.; powder over them, then they strike a pieec of flint on ll;e .stt el musket, wliich caus.s the powder to ignite, and sot fire io the chips. • : • . •■ h': . •■;. ■ . Food. The TTaidas feed twice in tlie day; early ju the morn in^:r, and after the day'.s work is over. They have a preat variity of food. such as bcai-'s meat, salt vcnisoji, fresh, smoked, and dried sahiion, fresh and dried halibut, liairsoal, furseal, sea Hon, salmon spawn, herring spawn, oolaehans, herrings, flounders, black, red, nnd ruck cod, crabs, clams, cockles, abaloncs, pecten clams, razor clam.-, roek borers, small fish grcasv, berries, and apples. They mix oolachau or small fish grease with all tlieir food. They grow tuj'jiips, potatoes, cabbage, carrots, and parsnips, sufTieiLiit to last tlicm for the year, and in fact, many of the old Ilaidas uen- accu>fomed to sell some of their potatoes uji iu Alaska. Tiiey fi.M-merl}- used the Inner bark of the hemli.K-k tree as sugar. Tliey also cat many varieties of roots, as the fern root, ^vild carrot, and licjuorlce root. - • . . EOYALTY. Of all the blue blood In the world, the ITaida, I dare say, is the most cxeluslve. I knew one old dame uho could in appearance liavc shamed '^^acbeth's -witches, being coimpieuou.>lv ugly and disagreeable. She "svas greatly vtnerated by the bears and eagles, and vr.s iinpoituned at all times to enter their houses, and make liersclf at home. Wlien she condescended t^^ enter any house th.cro was a special assemble for the occasion. The brawling children were subduetl, and dignified quiet U^'olz the place of loud ejaculations and laughier. Tliis woman had more authority than any of the chiefs. She v.'as a chieftair.css, and was descended from a long line of kings of the acn s long .,oi!i> p.i>t. Queen Charlotte Islands were formerly ruled l)y thi-< Avemaii and her husliajid. Each village now has its chief, Avho is a factor ftir good 01" evil as the cnso may be. I'aeh sneeeedin;;; chief mu->t bo a nephew lU' other lelative (>f t'le deeeastd chief, but it is an utter impossibility aeei>rding to the llaida laws for a son to succeed his father or even to take his nar.-.e. 472 AiifhrviyJvjical Mi^'ylhnvj. v.H'l JWc L''.:l<. Iniancy. As soon as tlie h\hj h l)Ovn into the avoiM, lii.^ niotlic:- wr.iv^ liiin in lialf a bliuiket, nnl jmf.s liiiu into a ii.'uumock, chluT '.» sloop or cry a-; ho may ^vi.-l;. ]fc very S0'>n Icanw to talcc caiv of liiiusi'lt', an, I kin'ws tliat lio must, ilglit Lis own v.-ay t1iri)U"-U lif-. SlionUl lie boC'Mno ill he is taken .c^ri-'at care of, ami tho Tanth.-r rurse.s hini carefully ; otlierwi.so, -with tlio exception of iiourivliit,-- flic young one, it is loft to go its own way whilst tlie motlier jittonds to her duties. Very reliloni do the Ilaidas bind ilieir ■infants on a. board, or tie thonr up into a motionless bundle, ;Tliey give thcTn their liberty, ar;d leave thcni to theniiolves until the feeding tir.ic comes rouml. . A girl as soon as slio reaches ymberly has tlie lower lip pierced, ar.d this orifice is eidaiged fr(»m time to time. A jiieee of wlialcbono or stone a cpinrter of an inch long, a quarter of an iiieli wide, and a pixteenth of an ineli thick is inseited in ti:-' slit. Tiic size of the stone is increased according to the inarrlag-.- of tlie girl, "and Vwo inuaber of childi'en she bears, ' so that it is really a mark of caste. The Ha Ida women have n:nre lip tlian any others •we kfiow of, aral to see a crowd of ttiem quarrelling, the lip shaking with anger, is a sight not to be for- gotten. The old women are generally at tlie bottom of all rov.s, and also act aftcn'wards as peaci'makcrs, loioking as innocent a.^, land;s. The'"vvomen are great dijdumals and geneially contrive to havt' their own wav, and it is a £rreat mistake to imaijinc that they are trefded as slaves. . ■ ■ !Mat:kiagi;. ^Vhcn a man tak(S a liking for a -womnn, ho goc^ to her parents and maki^s overtures by presenting them witli blankets amounting to a considcrablo sum, accordii;g to the p!-Icc that she is valued at. If they consent he makes known his wish.cs to his desired wife. Slie then tells her co7apm\inns, and they come tog 'her and a.-sist her to get ready for tlie oceasuni. Wiien everything is finished, the ma'a goes to her father's lioa-e, a:id there makes a feast, and during the feast he rises and claims her in the presence of all as his ^\l\\\ The following day they goto li:s hou=^e, aiid the bi'Ide's father ulves bi-euits and tea to all thueas- Sembled,aMd then the coiqile are considered to be manu'il. J'armg the Avhole time of the negotiations, courtshlj) airl man!age,^a camion Is fired at Intervals o\' six hours, to let all ^vho are af t:.e Tic-ighl.'ourlng' fishing j-(atIoiis kii'ov. As I liavc before state.. membei'> of tlie same crest cannot irttermniiy. Tlie children ahvaw-- take the crest of their n:elher. AvfliroiiilfiijiCiil Mij'.'Jl'.'/:" "fif. ^^Vi/; JJyJ..:, i o Vi'licu tlio liiisbiuiil i-; II ) 1 PlvOCCK. lis V.i) lu; 1, liCU, funl slu- ixfui'u.s lioim: to lit.'i' fiiiiiilv. I li'f uii';!l' tlx'ii (l''i;i.'iiiil- pay VUl IllfH tf rorii tl 10 iiiJin for til II -.'J ( f J li i nI(;C'.', au'l tlif aiiH">:mt ics ncconliii'' to tliu inuiil'' r lA cliil ! I '. ;i 1) )MI. 11." (Il II. I- 1- gciifTally tsvnif}- dollars, fiti- t!;..: v, ..irm li' r.'/]f, rtn I tr;i •! .11 n- f. .f cacli clilld. Tlic cliiMrcu arc taken d: niul t'ltlier, und no furtl K'l' Healtl .1 ly 111' u and \\Oinou c:v trouL ;h I; l\ (; t! V''v f;r liV till' V. if.:':, I l-tl: I ; fj;Iveu to tli" jiaii. nl I' !!• <;Nvii wo:': to and aiu able to earn their own food at;d clotl I' Li>ru! iin ctaiiC';d il" not bL'tti.T witiiont ]i:'\uj, marvI'.J. Slif)uld the "wife desert th'; liii-,h;ind, tl 10 riuui \\ai*s o-> ar:ol.h-.r ^voinaii until bho marries a^^Min, and afterward; lu; tak lioTiic to be his wife, without bcin;^' liiible to pay tin; f nc The "' ■ ■ li uriii'' his property bulon^jin^' to the husb:nul n.inru'Ks liis own ( rnari'ii^T life, and the woman's prop, rty rt;niain.s her o-.vn whutl'.er liviii'' witli Iier husband or not. Disks. The women are very fund of oririrucnl ; f„r lli.- neck", ham"! and ani I Mo liead, and each village h-is a n:divi; j-v.rlli r. Tho b..- skilled of all tlio native jewulKrs on Ih" .North r.irllic Coa.^i is l!iu nephew of tlie old Chief Kdensliaw. Jiilcnshaw was the fir.-t who attempted lo worlc with silver-and gold, nnd Ik? .snccrc-dcd lemarkably wcll. The jowidlers niaki from half-drdlir and (IoIKt .-iK er coirs, and also from ins, biuei'let^j, fini^'er ri The coins arc ])i;aten out to the d'.sircd thiel".! riL^s, earrll;■^s a no hni :h less a!id width, and then l.ienl into shape and carved. Souk; of the bracelets fasten "with clasp5^, v.hilo others refain their .sh.ijie by the natural spring of the melal. The fuig'fT rings aro sonirtitiK'S not join>:d after being bent. They are nuulc both pluin and oruamentul, raid sonic- times an ca^lo or two heat ts are carved (jn them. • "■ ' • EAr:i:i\Gs. Earrings arc worn principally by fh ■ \oungrr portion of iho female se.K, and arc all manufacttU' 1 I'V Hk: jeweller of the tribe, after the fash.'ou (»f t' -so worn by tho Ilriglish 1. alius. Tiie cnrs cf the old women are pierced in two and thvoe plaec's, and pieces of bono and wood about one inch in hngdi, a qnait'.M- of an Inch ■wide, and a.si.\teenth of an inch thick, ^u■r^.: i'ormerly inserted arid •worn cotitiniially. Kosi: ruxc..-". Kose rings are :s(ill V.I, rn itmong the Ila.idiis. Tie ;-e rings give the wt.arcrs an uncanny aj pLaraiK.'O. 'i'l'.e l-'le oi' tie. no.->.' is pieivedj and a piece of wha'elone carved into a scmicirculav ;;!'..'.po •J7J: yl i!'/i ytii>j!i'jr"! Mi >••,■!!' iu>. I o a '/A <•/'. IS ii'.^'.ill. The l)..tiio !■> !i^ i;\!. \.\'ir invliv>i<.'al!v reniii'.u'iM'.'. 'I'Ik- mea attiMcl atU-ntion I)y their size ami a[)n;irci,*t strouL^;ili, iMi'I by tlio fulnt.'-;-, ani.1 a;j;r:'ea1»l(.'n'jss of tlfir ti;at rSoiiH' 01 tli'iii aro six fcol. four iiiclus tall, and tl irc leir b.d ics an; iL'vMi; OU.IU' develui'LHl in pcrfcL't prtJiijrtion^. They arc export seaincii, and can f-viii their buoyant I'anues in a btorni tliat would be d;ii forsliip.i. The wuii.cn sliarc the good qualities of the men. of them aie tall, v.liile others arc under the avera;^'e stature «.f ^v•onlan]vinil. Tiu^y iiro cxcccdiiurly strong ; they cut wood, sail and ^laddle canoes, and work as liard as the men. They ha\e handsome and agreeable features, and are not ?o dark as t'.ie men. "In intelleetuid power and mtnfal faculties, the I.laidas excel tbc ordinary ckiss of Indians on the Coast. If comjiared with otbei- Indians in ]jrlli.-.li Columbia and Alaska, they will !).• placed at the bead in respect to physiiiuo and nnmlal activity. They are iieltlicr stu[)id nor foolish. "When aslccd to thinl: of things outside their owu Intellectual worhl they are quite leady t> tickno\Vied<:ped in their blanket^, but they soon have to dress decently in order to csciipe th.c ridicrle of their grown-up sous and daughter-. Girls ^\ear a Cotton dr^ only, and the little boys run about iu shirts, unless tl le aro uojn<' to s^'c v diite men, when tl le' specially f..n- siderablo atieiitldu to their ])cr.-> mal adornment. They ai-e jiioad of the nni-s of brllli.'inl, co; irse, black hair, with which nutr.n has pro\ ided them. The men cut their hair peiiodicall}', a'll miilcavour t'-> cultivate ni'iustiu'lies arid whishers in imit;rti"n f the v.dutcs. Tiic older men luive not a .single hair on their faic. 'J'ho women di'css their hair in braids or knots at the bad: o! ti. licad, tl ■n d in 1 jair icio. v.iin cm for the lliul-on's I'ay Company 1 i:i-) .on; '\ H.'ir ass Sliver tl! d ■■o!> neiit.- d will bead b s are ijivnn.'; ] nip ,t I'i' d iiai'i- soon DO va dnabl e as curi'.i.-i'.i---i yl/i'Iii'ij>"!oji':('J Mi-'i', lliiih.a dill X:<'/ X' ns tlic j)i"C'S':ii( i^'iuei'.if ion h t^A \c.\\u'\ul\ tl.^ nr's C'f i!;o Huidas. Aim! it may ti-iii!,fullj 1) • a^M -! VwA it" tli'.- I::.l: the (:i;h'iL: eo;i..t di.» not t.ikr Ik'Ui 1 iiiVf do'.io ill til le p'.i-; t, 11 • t uisl" wil fa! 1 1,. .liL'i;!. ■Iv.. oni:it.'iciit.-i supciHoJij tli'; oM g.iMiiuiif -, j'-il ],. tlieiusclvcs, tlieir vlll; (1 tl isar)TiC';n-, fuic tl .1 tl'. Lges find tiicii' ininti!!;^ c^rounus v.iil soon ill fjir T>ia(.'e>^ wiil I s;k.):i I C'CCU[iltMl ifV UlC liOW s fond of iialtati 1. J.. Burial Cerem 0N1!;S. Mnny pcojilf look iipniitlif Tied Indian ri.s a wild .'in I uucuUurcl savage. In rt[».'icncf t'.> tlio duties wlii-.di aro rci^uii-.d to bo y^v- foriJied lowaids the dead tht'y lU'c not su. All men, an 1 especially the cliitfs, are greatly Ipjiioutt'd ou tli'j deiiartui't; ironi this mundane atrn('->}tlieie. When ho die-;, the next to su'jeeetl hita (gencially his uei)he\v) is j)tL'.seiited v.Ir.h hlankels, di-^h-j.-, bead.^, guii^^, canoes, prints, pottery, Ci^^'^>i axes, arid faruiture. They a;c no t, lio\vever, for his own ])(n(jrit, but ff.'i' the benefit of t no ci ^e( 1. and those who take ]);irt in the burial eercmony. In f ict no'lii-'i^ secn.s io\iG too valuable 'iov tlie funeral. Christ lans a; d t. brei.k the new.-^ of a frieiid'.s deatli to his w if e, fiuhcr and nn.'".!: Not cof; 1 so. howcvei" \vith the Ikiid; LS. I I. iiVL- .Seen t: t; Hi, na 1 deeorale it in tr.e ]ue.--eace' of ihe sick pi..r n w lave conic toth 10 conclusion that liu ^vill not reeovtr. They ah-o tell the sick man that he Avill not n :ov--: d na lU'i'e 1: 11 t. attenij it to d o so. Tl 10 lueiuljors of hij t:ibe and all l!:e chiefs o the other tribes cuuie in to Seu him, aiid talk of ii"'. 1 iir.'^' e.sc bat of others v.ho have luul the sa n a; slek and did. Wlien 1 ic hears ^vhat tl'. 'y have de'l.erniie,ed thar. Jw.- should d.>, hi; tht-n refuses to cat and drink, and so h ens hisd emise. ^^■ !:e:\ !_M 'V for breath he is washed, and his sluxaul made of wlnte cotlon is then put on. White stockings are put on his fcet, lie is clad in a pair of \vhite v/oollen drasver.-, and a ^Nhite h.ii.dktrc'iivf is ticii around liis head. His neck is cni'ireled v.ith b>.al-;, a spot_ th ou ciitier c dieek. d of red paint is juit forehea;!. \\'hen tlni^ arranized, nil his fi-i-. nds cuter the h ;e ou li d \va it riutil he dies. l!' the sick person be of a sfi ■oil'. co: i:a! they Were aeeustonied [o adv,inist''r p iri ftiet, the iIi-.-il: of one >t! ol d v.oman wiio ^^ mother ftOnie paisoi 1, so th 'b ilyincr came a: d :-.ei 111! :ht d u- .lOioie 1 tl to l:iv i:t<.-; coniri leneed. They think veiy little c-f ea ;u c>ther le SI I w he and streiiuth, but ani. 1 are ca lied LTOOi I Ind Ml a.- i.ms. til tin ..V\' \\ a en a d na cover bed in the corner of the house, place' the deceased tlnrcou, and then ti V d )n dies I -,' \\ rui villi L :li co'ton, co\ er itni V. ...■. ;•. > materi. d. Jn t^ ,tv-ti.ili' an d aiiangv-d in the p.^-iii of the san ])hu\d in the cui'in, bu;i'il. 'J'hen the t of the tril'e. and the fiieutls and rehiti VOL. -Wl. , T' ti I OU I line C't mourn;!!:; C(.' «.'!■ All the t' ,) w, 1-- uee d le-i L' L ■^. #^ 4TG AntliYO^ohijcU.il ?>Th-:clhra'yi. anJ. X> ir JJxih. to gromi, cincT slL;]i,an(l cty. The mow gvonTi out ficli'i'lifi di k--.;.,. • Oil doar, my fou I aiul tlu.* ^vo^neu cry uiifiula di kunO ! Oli (\, ■ < my son I After tlicy ha N'c -wt'pf foroneort^vo liours tlio "i-";i:^>;' ■ cliiefpi'osont calls fof silence. Thou tlie smoking forist ci);i.;:i.;;.,.,^ Tobacco and pipes ai-e provided for everyone win* attend^, n:..! -J,, smoking l)egiii.H in carne^^t and continues for si-veral hou;.;, i.;,t;! ' all are sick. During tho smoking entertuinint-nt the chiefs nv.,] friends of the deceased, according to rank, ^viIl h* gin (,> o\tid il ,. virtues of the deceased, and try to console his relations hy rcfLreiicv to his disposition towar.ks the poor, his love for his frier.d.i, and his kindness towards Ids 'svife and children ; and tlity also aro vi.rv careful to refer to his liberality when making a free distrlljutioii of his goods, namely, a rotJafch. Everything done in his past lifv- passes under review, and they then conclude l)y saying that his time had come, and that tlie gods "wanted him, rii\d he, Ijein-^' :■. good and wise man, had obeyed their sununons. "When anyoi;e ».f . importance dies news is carried to all the other viUages, and thev at once come to see the dead man, and also consult \vith his relati'^^-.is regarding the funeral arrangements. If the deceascil person should belong to the J'ears, tho funeral preparations u!-..' made and conducted bv mcnd)ers of the Eagle Crest an.l vlr-: i-,.,--~'. After the funeral is over all the people are feast od by the docoasiHl ,riian*s nephew, who then assumes his uncle's title and ]iroperty. \ ■H. 41 y A,lf/ir<>i)Ji>jl'\i! J//>v,\'/'/;i.. / tnf7 Xrir- Jl.nfri. is iii^vfl^' 1. Tin- l)..>r\r: Is uh jnl lsv\) iiiL-li-s ia lin.^Oi an I t'.i.v. sixl '(.'iifli-, c>f ii;i iiu-'li i'l iliainct'M-. Only lliv nl.l Iii'liain l..,vi' tli-Ii' iM'.-o. I'l'Ti-jil, ;ii; 1 tlicy soMuMi u-)0 tlie lin-, c\'.\'|it v.i.i.u ij. full div'.'-. for tli!.' (.1 I'lce ov ilic foas'. riivsiQL-i:. At tlio prosout tiiiio IjDtli tliL' men uinT women aiu i»1iv>;'.m1I-, rciiiitrKaMi;. 'I'lie men atii'act ii(,lonti(;:i hy ihclv size and auiKirci't strouL^lli, Jill. I by tlio fulncs.i iind a^^Ti'cabli'n'jss of tli'>ii- ti;atufcN. ►SluiIC of tli'Mu aro six fuel four iiifln-S tall, ainl Ihcii' b A'w.i an.; dc'Vc'lui';'.! in pcrfivt iiruji jrt i'Mi>. Tliey aro expci't sriinicu, riiul can Fail tbeir biutyaut cauocs in a storm tliafc AVould bo clang(.'rir.;^ for ship.;. The v.onitn sliare tlie good qualities of tbo men. Sunu' of Ibem iwc lull, wbile otliers aro undt.-r tlio average staturo of ■womankind. Tlu^y arc exceedingly strong ; tbey cut wood, .sail and jKiddle cauoes, and work as liard as tlic men. Tlu-y lia'.o handsome and agreeable filatures, and aro not so dark as t'ae men, 'In intelleetud jiO'.ver and mental faeuliie.s, the I.taidas excel the ordinary class of Inilians on the Coast. If comi-arod witb other Indians in IJriti.^li Columbia and Alaska, they will li.- placed at the Lead in respect to pbysiquo and jin.'ntal activli y. They are neitber stu[)id nor foolisb. "When a-kcd to tbinl: oi things outside tbeir own Inlollectual world they ai'e C|uito >oady t'> jicknowledgi? tbem-olvos igii'.irant and willing to bo taught. Tin; young pciijde arc c;!gor to bo tauglit any fresh subject, and als'j evince ti detorminatlou to iinster their book.> Dili- ss. Tlif v.'omen dress in prints, ami i-iot a t'esv of then v ear bound's and liats. 'I>ororo the arrival of tbo whites their clothing was .sca.Jity. 1'iu'y wore i)ottieo;i.ts made of the roots of cedar antl spruce. 'J'bc men no'.v jiurcbaso good tweed clothes, and thr women Indulge in tbc luxury of prints, giuglnuns, and sometitii;.'s silks. Old. men aro oco.isionally seen cai'ly in the morning wni])ped in tholr bhiukt'l--, bat they i^jon hii.ve to dress decently in order to csca[)e tlic ridiei I:- of their grown-uji sons anil daughter.-. Girls ^sear a cotton drc cnly, ami the little boys run about in shirts, iniless tbey aro going to Sf'o white men, when 'they dross specially fn- tin- occasion. The nion and wonu'U seem to pay c>..ii- siderablo atieniion to their pjr.>iinil adorniuent. Tbey aro juoad of the ma.-s of iHillianI, coarse, black hair, with which nature lias provided them. Tlio men cut tbeir hair perio lically, aii I •.ndea\our t'.> cultivale nnaslach vs arid whiskers in imitatii'U fi he v.liites. ^i'bc oM.jr men have not a .single hair on their fa-es. tJ'ho weinioii (\yc.-i:i tbeij' hair in braids or knuts at tbc back, o! ti,'' lead, and in bang. , f')r the llndon's IVay Company has i^ujipbvd hear v-ilii cutbng to;r. ;. Their ''■la.^s beads are giving ]>!ai'<- t" ilstr ri.'.'d i/o!d oriiameiits, and v. i!l soon 1)0 valua.ble ai curi'i-it i--.-,