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Soc. Canada. XIV,— Marine Ahjit of Nem Bmmwlrk. By Gi:o. U. Hay. With an Appv.uJi.,- contain. inya List of the Marine Ahjw of the Maritime ProclnceM of the Dominion of Canada, uith Note.. B,, Ceo. U. Hay, Ph. «., St. John, and A. II. Mac Kay, B.A., B. Sc, F. S. Gc, Principal of Pictou Acndeiny, N.S. (Coiiiuninicatod by Mr. J. llotclier, May 1'5, 1887.) The following paper includes observations that have been made on tlie marine Algio of New Brunswick during the past two years, together with some remarks on their economic value, the occurrence of some rare species, et(^ The localities visited have been various points on the southern shore of New Brunswick, including th(i Island of Grand Manan, and the coasts of Caraquet and Tracadie, with the Islands of Shippegan and Miscou on the Gulf of St. Lawrence. To this is appended a preliminary list of the marine Algje of the Maritime Provinces, which the writer, with the assistance of Mr. A. H. MacKay, of Pictou, has recently compiled for the Natural History Society of New Brunswick. The list includes some eighty species of marine Algte, which, with the exception of an Intro- troductory List of New Brunswick Algjp, published by the writer in 1886. is the first attempt to arrange our Algic flora in such a form as shall lead to a closer investigation of these interesting plants, and stimulate further study in this direction. No Diatomaceous or other microscopic forms are included in the subjoined list, but only those which may be easily detected by the eye, including chiefly the larger forms and those parasitic upon them. Of 130 species mentioned in Dr. Farlow's " Marine Algre of New England," there have been observed, up to this time, on the shores of the Maritime Provinces, over eighty species. The marine flora of the Maritime Provinces is essentially Arctic in character, as may be inferred from their boreal position and their exposure to cold currents from the Arctic seas. In the case of New Brunswick, the paucity of the more delicate species of Alguj may be accounted for chiefly in two ways : — (1.) The action of the tides on the southern shore, as they sweep in and out of the Bay of Fundy, renders it impossible for any but the stronger forms to maintain themselves, except in sheltered coves, and such favored positions are rare on this coast. From one of these localities (Frye's Island) in the neighborhood of Passamaquoddy Bay over thirty species were collected in July, 1886. (2.) The low sandy shores extending into the Gulf of St. Lawrence do not furnish a a favorable habitat for Algae. A marked exception to this, however, was found on the northern shores of Miscou and Shippegan, just within Bay Chaleurs, where, at low-water mark, were detected several interesting species not observed on the southern shores. These are referred to in another part of this paper. The Fuci and LaminarioB, which make up the great bulk of our Algte, are distributed in abuadanee along the whole coast of New Brunswick, The Fuci occur between tide marks, and are found in this position in greatest abundance on the southern coast, where 168 HAY ON MAHINK AM^, "" "*■'■" '"' milcg ar,. ,l„lh..,l will, |h,.„ n,. ,t , . .southerly p,!., va., „,.l,. ihroirmbv J '^ ^'""""-" '•""' "'">"■• •«'" "■«»ri,i grcl.., „b„„d„„,,, *'^""" ^ ""»"''' ">" '"oulh of 11,., buy, l,o„„ver, they "■'''^'^^^''^^«^'!^z^,^zz:" t;:.:t' "'■ ""■ ""•""*''■''■ '-• *■"«" 1 r. ll.rv„y, i„ hi. i„.,od,„,i„„ loic ..N^-.i'iw ""V''"""'' '° ''"""■""l.u.a.ly Hay. .p«..i,.. of K„,,„ „„ ,^„ ,,oHh.„,,.7,.oIIrA° '''"'■""''•'' "■"""•'" °" "'" P»v«rty Th, latter ha, not y„t o^urrcd h" e Th for" " "." '""" "' """'''•» "»» ^" '"^O. •N..r«. •• „. having U.,.„ f„„„d at L«™ , Z M ""'".^'r:'' '" ""' """"'""'■"' '» "" there or at any other point on the N™ iTZd ."'a *"" ""' "'"'" ^•' ''"''"''"d .1 rielo,, by R..V. Prof. F„«.I„r in TWO "t h T . , T™''" °''""» ''""■ -""•« St. John. It has „„l ye. bee,, reported Z .he v'n "'""'^ '°''"^'" "'■"'»"»"■ '" ."■B of Fuen. oeonr here, eonlinedl vet ,„ f T "y""™''"' ™««'- Two other »p„. be expected eNewhere, a, D-FXlX't °'"' f"-". «ltho„gh they n,'.y on the flat chorea on the north.we,t lide 'f M, ^{"f ".i»»' '"'low low-water mark yet been reported from Nova Seoli. ™" '''""''• '''"•■«" '"» «P«*. have not -iJtlVL^I^irTeafrhetmW™'^. '"/■'' "'" " "««''■ °'' """^ <" ".at limited extent on gra,a land.. l" oti eTaot nr? u '"Z '"'""'■■'' '""y ■"•" '-' '» « Ang„„, where theae pl.,„. had been uaedT. at ', °' ^"^ "" '^"""^ Manan. laat after the grass ha, been eut, .„d kZZLi7f'''''T ^^'''''' '"'" '» "- '«»<» decompose and melt into the gronnd Th eL ' ^^ T* '* '"•""" "■"'■ ""^y "Pidly -tilisingpnrpose, goes top Je that ,h!y y oTdT-T f "T ™''° "'"' ""»'» •"" '" valne a, fer,i)i,ers i, diminished, if nsed for o^h^b "'"'" "'"'' "'«' f™" Their considerable dis.an™ from shore, owing to 1 It '1.! f"" """^ • "' " """■-' "" -7 In some oo„„,rie, (Ireland and Scotland, crop, 7ZZ ""'?'"'' ™ '"■"'' ° """»"" the crops thn, yielded, thongh abundan ZIZ "^ I ""' '""^ '">' """ ■"«'"«. bnt ih« F„ci contain . large quantity o^rrl^tfoTZ't''^''""'"^' 'f'-""'™ »' wereoneecnUivatedontheshoresofSoS °L,!f r ^^ "'"'''y »"''™ th«t they to sandy or pebbly shores. The total amounto7r "'"' ^'"^'""^ '" "''"■^^ ""^ the proprietor, of these kelp shores „„7he7ols°„7LT,''' 71 "■." '™^ •»"'°'' ""i™! V -"-ois„o,„as^«^o«^„tth;ri;^^^^^ OK NKW UliL'NSWlOlv. , 169 rarbonato of Hoik moiv . lu.aply from olhor sonnrs. As a N.nirr.. fnmi whi.h i,„li,„. is isol.tam..d. how.-v..r. it ...isrht bo possibl,. »« utilis,. in futun. «hc ouormuus pnxlu, t of /'Wf7/.s resirulosns on tlio HboroM of Ih.' Mniiliin.' Provin.vN. Of (ho Laininari;.. (h.-roNooin (o bo, no far .8 obsorvod. only tbroo sporios on thoNhoron oi Now Urnn.vviok. Thoir jrroat variety of form and si/o n-ndorfs tho idontifi.alion of «p.T.o« a muttor of some dillirulty to fh.. H.ndonf. Tho n^ont ffonorally dilfusod form, espocuilly m th,. G,.U of St. Luwronro. in Umnori,, hnfrirruris. This, with «po.io8 para- Biti.alupon V lormod tho j^roat mass of mariii,. vo{r,.,ation obsorvod in tho lonir linos of seawood ni8t up by tho wavos on tho M»ull,orn shon-s of Shipposran an.l Mis. oti. Tho liM.ffth of one 8po.imon of this plant, nioasuro.l from lu.ld-fasl to ond of blad(> was '^H foot • and tho stipo of anolhor, whi. h was all that oould bo obtain..! from tho mass of d.bris in whi.h It was imbodd.Hl, was 10 foot in lon-th. .Uuh^hv^ from tho largo sixo of this stipo It mu«t hav.. b..l„nsr.d to a plant fully .-JO foot Ion- Soatlon-d in endloss profusion along this shoro. and thrown up from th.Mlo..p wator. w.-v tho boaudful f..rms of th.- bri-ht rod Deiesserm m„um and D. „lnlo, var. n„fr„„isMm„, the lattor not having boon yot obsorv..d on tho southern roast of tho provinoo.' The other spooios of Laminariio, L. smrharim and L. fhlntata with th.. related species Clnmlajihrn, Affanm Tvnnri, Alma em,le„fn. aro found to a mu.h more limited extent on' the shores of th.- Gulf of St. Lawren.-o than L. hnofrrum. The size of tho latter among the islands at tho mouth of the Bay of Fundy was mu.h I.'ss (han what was ob.sorved in the Gulf of St. Lawrenoe, an.l h.'re it was ri-plaoed to a groat extent by tho other spo.ies ol Laminariie just mentioned. Tho Laminariio an. valuable as fertilisers, although I am not aware that farmers in this provin.-e make any use of them. Tho stems of Lnmmnin Uifriinta s.-om to be used for a variety of purposes, amongst others, for tho manufa.tr • of s|>ong(.-tcnts. The only sea-plant that has a .omnier.iai valu., with .:, m Rl„„hjmmm palmafa, or duls.. During the season of 1880, the export of this seaweed from the shores of the Bay of l<\indy was estimated, I am told, at upwards of 100 tons, of whi.^h about 50 tons were rooeivod and shipped Irom St. John. The selling pri.e per lb. is from throe to six cents delivered in St. John. The revenue from dulse gatlu-rod on tho ]Jay of Fundy shores last year oould not have fallen short of |10,0(l<). The coast in th*. vi.inity of Dark Harbor and other points on the north-west sid.. of Grand Manan, are favourite grounds for the colle,- tion of this seaweed. During the lull in the fishing season in August, many turn thoir attention to this mdiistry. Much that is exported from St. John finds its way to tho manufacturing towns in the New England States, where it seems to be in demand amon- the factory population. " Among the edible Algjr, that which occupies the highest place is Chondru^ crispus (Irish moss). This when reduced to a jelly by boiling, and seasoned, is tolerably palatable, and has very nourishing qualities. Por,>ht,m ladniata and P. vuffram, as arti.loa of food, are in considerable demand in China and on the west coast of Europe These edible seaweeds ar.^ found in great abundance on the rocky shores of New Brunswick • but, either because no urgent necessity has arisen for their use, or because the attention of our people has not yet been directed to them, their qualities have so far been untested liut a knowledge of their value as food, as well as where to look for them and how to Sec. iv, 1887. 22. Ill J 170 UAY ON MAUISK AJAiA) -"^":::t-::r'z":^:f;;,::^^^^ »--^ >...., "... «ou,h..r„ .h„r,., .,f Nov,f S,.r: C ,:,;:"";" :",""■ """•'"■« '—.• .....1 on ~k. »,„1 .,„„,., i„ J,.,,, „„„^ )' ">'■ "l«'«™, ol ,. ,1,,.,, ,„d ,^|„ .„j „,.,.^^^ ^__ ffrowh,^ ,.,„„„,„„„, in .««« h, . a, V . : '::,;:;""',"■"' t""' °'' ''"'y"'"-"". «..<> W"y iH, ,.,p„.i«, „„ ,.,„,,,„, i„ve.tiga("„ ■ "" ™'""""' °" ""-■ N"V Eugl„„d ,.„a.,, ^y G. U. IlAY «w A. n. MaoKay. Ordor I— CIlYITOPHYCJSyli:. ^. L. .„„.„„, i,,,,,,. In bra,.ki.h „„„<,, ri,.o„ha,b„„, ;«„,-„,. Order H—ZOOSPOREiE. l«;. ^^r.manu, (AfT.) Lefofis and ('••) Var.LATi8.siMA. /;./„/,•,. Richibucto River, F«../«. Comm. • k , along the whole coast of Nexv Brnnsv^iok Hay ''' ^''^''^ '^**^"^ OK NKW BHCINSWICK. 171 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 18. 14. 16. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 28. 24. 26. 26. 27. U. KNTKIIOMOIUMU, />./«/«, also (a.) Var. i.anckolata. LeJoUt, mul (h). Var. c< Mi'iiKHSA, /^ .A,//,., l»i, ton harhonr, MnrKav ; FryoV iNlniid, St. John, //«//. (r). Var. intiwtinai.is, LeJotis. V.'ry cominon, Itirhibmto Hiver, FaiHer; Mt. John. //«y. U. CLATHBATA, i4«-. Ou /Mslera marina, Pittou, itfrt/.Art// ; Misoou iHhmd, //«.//. U. Hoi'KlUKII. {MrCaUa) [farr. Piiton irurhour, i^f///A>,y. Uixyriiiiix 00Li,AiiKNH, {A^.) 'Vhur.f Grand Mannn, //«//. CH.KTOMORPHA MEiMdONlUM. (If^A. .^ .V^Ar.) AW.r Halifax harhonr. MavKa,,,. C. PiCQ UOTFANA, (iVo«/.) Kult. Halifax, //„rr.y in " N.-r.-iH lloroali-An.ori.ana." RHIZ0CL«.NIUM TORTUot,r M. Kulz. Halifax. Harvn, in N.B.-Am.; Hhippoj^an iHland, Ila„. Cladophoha ak«ta, (i>,//,r.) r. li. I«lun.l. i)r. /e««« , Halifax. Harve,, ; Grand Manun and Frye'H Island, //«//. C. LAN08A, (Rnfl,) K„lz, var. IINCIAUH. YA^^rr/. P. E. Island, JeoN.i; Halifax, //ari-ey. C. RUPKWTRls, (Lim.) h'utz. Hhippegun Island, Ha//. C. UEFBAiTA, (Eol/i.) Aresvhoug. Frye's Island, Hay. C. GLAUCESCENH, (Gr,/.) Hurv. Halifax, //«r/'c//; i^forth Mis.ou, //«//. C. FLKXUOHA, (G'r/J.) 1/rtrr. Misoou Island, Ha,,. C. (1BACIU8, (Qrijf.) Kutz. Frye's Island. //«.//. Phyllitih FASCIA, Kntz. Halifax, ITane//. SCYTOSIPHON TX)MEN'-.«iU8, ^g-. Halifax, M,cA7/y; Frye's Island, Caraquot, Grand Man an, Hai,. PUNOTARIA LATIFOI.1A, GVey. Halifax, H«m^. Var. zosTER.E, Le .ro/w. Mouth of Piotou harbour, MacKai/. P. P1.ANTAOINEA, (Roth) Grev. P. E. Island, Jeam. DE8MARE8TIA Ac^ULSATA, Lamx. Pirtou, MarKay ; Kouchibouguac Bay, Fo.rfer. D. viRlDis, Lamx. Halifax, Harrey; Frye's Island, Grand Manan, Mis.ou, Hay. DiCTYOSlPHON F(ENlCULAOEU.s, Grev. Vuton, MacKay. This species has been found growing as regular branches from a stem formed of the filiform frond of Chordaria Jfagelliformvt, at Pictou, in suc^h a manner that th.^ whole appeared to bo but one plant. The conundrum was : How can the microscopic section of the branyV hhuu\, 8«. C„i,„„„„„ nju,Ku.wonmH a,, ,, , „ Car.q„„., //,„. '-■ ^*- ' '^■'"". <"»*.i-; Huhfa,, /W,, ,,.,y„., ,„^„j 88. Mehwma mvAlllnATA *-„/. I "• «"««»"«■".«..». ^*. H,.,ir„, „,„„, "'""» 1" """"y- While hi« „rd..r wl ° ,r^ i ■ "^ u" ™'"''' '^' "° ™''l'" v«riaM.. «„d ™„,„.i„j, ,n " S" """""■''" "'" f"™" of laminar/,, „ ■ " "^""^'«'™'^"^.- O^^^ '^'^ ^""•°« ■■ "'y-'' '.land, 44 AoAinr^T """'^'■^•^^'"•'''■.'/.- Grand Manan.//„y • ~;::s.:r' "- "-"-■ --* -- -™»,- ol. «„,„, 45. AURIA ESCUI.ENTA Grep HaJif fl^ ""'■*• " -ed'a. food ,„ Z^TZ tZfT' «™«..,.„,/r,,, nu OK NKW IIUUNSWICK. 178 Ordor III— OOSroUI'wK. 4»i. AhcopiIYMUM NOI)()KltM, U Joliii. Piclou, Miirh'aif ; Iltililiix, MiirKni/ iilid Harm/; v«ry comrooii on Boutht'm louHf ol" New Unui«vvi«k, Ilut l»ilwi'»'ii tido luurkw on thu Houthorn shoroH ol" New Brunhvvick, //«//, (luH'Hhorf, Foi ler. 48. F. HKUKATUH, L. I'i.tou, Foirler ; I'iilon und Tictou klund, Ma* Kay. Not found oIbc- whi-ro in N. K. Ajnerirft. 40. F. EVANK.«yond low-wutor mark, //«//. 61. Vauchkuia (0 ri«!tou, Mat-Kay. Order IV.— FLORIDEyE. 52. roupilYRA LACINIATA, Ag. Pictou, MucKay ; Halifax, Hart'ey ; Frye's Islund and Grand Manan, Hay. .68. Bancjia FUSC0-PUU1»UUKA, Lyngb. Iliiliiax, Harvey. 64. Ca;,UTHAMNI<»n Kothii. Lyngh. Halifax, Harvey. 65. C. PYliAWv>:i, Mont. iSoutheru Head, Grand Manan, washed ashore in great ul'uiid- ance at tho base of the clillN, Hay. 66. C. Americanttm, Harv. V. E. Island, Jenim ; Halifax, Harvey. 67. C. COTIYMBOSUM, Lyii'^h. Halifax, Harvey. 68. I'Tir.OTA ELEOANH, Bmtiem. V. E. Island, Jeans. 69. P. 8ERUATA, Kutz. Halifax, Harvey ; Grand Llanan, Frye's iHlond, Shippogan, Hay. 60. Ceramium rubrum, Ag. Very abundant. I'ieiou and Halifax, Mac Kay ; Frye's Island, Shippegan, Hay ; Kouchibouguat; l^ay. Fowler. Var. prouferu.m, Ag. Little Shippegan Bay, Hay. 61. C. CIRCINNATUM, Kiilt. Little Shippegan Bay, Hay. 62. C. TENUlsNiMTTM, {Lyngh.) Ag. Pictou, MavKay. 63. Hai/)8ACCIon RAMENTACeum, (L.) Ag. Halifax, MucKay ; Frye's Island, Hay. 64. Phylix)PHora Brodi/KI. Ag. Halifax, Harvey. 65. Ahnfeldtia plicata. Fries. Pictou and Halifax, ilfociTay; Caraquet, Frye's Island, Hay; Gulf of St. Lawrence, Fowler. 66. Cystoclonium purpurascens, Xutz. Halifax, MacKay ; Miscou Island, Hay. 174 67. "AY ON MAUIXK ALfJ.E OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 68 69 70. 71. 72. 78. 74. 1 75 ■1 7<{. r 77. V ! 78. 79. .' 80. 81. Hi. 83. 84. KhodyjMenia p\r\fATt /a- i ^, 6W«. .,,,,, «re tho on'; ;::^^.: ^r,„^;""«7^'^- f ^'-. ^/«.'/. Thia and posos. ^ tawuds on our coasts collected for edible pur- Ftt-t., "''^•'''^•^^«''«^«'; Grand Mauan,jy„y POI^VIBKS ROT...., ,,,,,, p,,,„ ^^,^, j^_^j.^^^^ ^^^^^^^ GliCILLAmi MULTIPARTITA, /. ^„ Pic,„„A, ,• ^ , »' "^ " »« ^-^^ds, ifoj,. . OnoNTHAUA BATATA £„„„ „ •, '^ °"' *'^"" ■' '^™'*"-8».c B„,, ^«,^. POLYSIPHOXIA URCEOLATA, (Dl/l,,,) m ' ^•'y ^f v-vm / ^ y^s~T'^:y ■:'-'J, :i ''~4.:. ■>-