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Justice History, one of the ^ Justices of His Miijesty's Court of luforniation. TAKEN IN SHORT HAND BY THE REVEREND W. L. S. G. ▲ FRIEND TO ST. FETRR. TORONrO: PUBLISHED BY DONOGH & BROTHER. 1853. PKEFACE. In presenting this interesting and instructive work to the Protestant public of Canada, the Publishers feel assured that it will prove acceptable to every lover of true Protestant principleSy particularly in this age of the world, when Popery, in Canada as well as in the countries of Europe, would fain lift its head on high and take into its own hands that power that would enable it to establish and carry out those intolerant and slavish principles, so peculiar to the spirit and genius of Popery. This work will serve to show what Popery has done in past ages of the world, and what it would do at the present day were it possessed of the power and facilities it then possessed. It may also be necessary to notice the plan pur- sued. The Pope is charged with High Treason against the King of Heaven, for usurping his Supremacy, dignifie4^|||les, Power, &c. The ,^- iv PREFACE. Indictment goes as far back as the year COC, when he first was acknowledged as the Universal Bishop, and some of the principal circumstances recorded in History from that time to the present are brought forward to support the charge. The form of a State Trial is almost if not altogether constantly attended to, and such legal phrases used, as to keep up the idea of a Court of Justice. The Pope being acknowledged by Catholics as the head of the Church and supposed always to exist, he is arraigned as such by various names, so that when one dies it is only supposed that he changes his name. The witnesses of course are always considered to be alive, and JMartyrs who were burnt, to ashes or otherwise put to death are sup- posed to be delivered. It is designed to be an abridgement of ecclesiastical history, for upwards Of twelve hundred years, and to confirm the testi- mony of scripture. THE PUBLISHERS. ToroniOf May, 1853. .1 1) 'r 1 ' I % THE TRIAL or ANTICHRIST. Tlie Proceedings at a Special Commission held at the Sessions House of Truth, in order to the Trial of Antichrist, for High IVeason against His Most Sacred Majesty, King of Heaven, and Earth. The Court being sit, the Commission of Oyer and Terminer, under the Great Seal of Heaven, was read, when a Bill being found by the Grand Jury, the Prisoner after manifesting considerable reluc- tance was brought to the Bar. Clerk of the Crown. — "Antichrist, a//as Man OP Sin, alias Roman Pontiff, hold up your right hand. You stand indicted, for that you, not having the fear of God before your eyes, but being moved and seduced by the Devil, did «,ssociate with other false traitors, against our Sovereign Lord, the present and everlasting King, your supreme and undoubted lord, not considering the duty of youp allegiance, but wholly withdrawing, the peace and common tranquility of his kingdom to disturb; and our Sovereign Lord the King TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. I T from his royal state, title, power, to depose and deprive, and our Sovereign Lord tiie King to death put. " You the said Antichrist and so forth, with other false traitors did usurp authority contrary to every act and statute of our Sovereign Lord the King. And, in the year of our Sovereign Lord six hundred and six, in the City of Rome in Italt/f did erect your Throne in opposition to the Throne in Heaven. And in furtherance of your most evil intentions, and treasonable imagina- tions, as such false ♦raitor feloniously and mali- ciously did conspire, and combine together with other false traitors, particularly with that monster of wickedness, Phocus, who murdered his master the Emperor Mauritius and his family, consisting of six sons and two daughters. In return for the favour and countenance he received from you, he conferred on you the title of UNIVERSAL BISHOP, and you were then known by the name of Pope Boniface III. ' And afterwards, at the snid City of Rome, in further pursuance of said Treason and Rebel- lion, you the said Antichrist being lifted up with pride by the Prince of Darkness, did, in order to gratify your ambition and promote rebellion, add various other high and dignified titles, in open defiance to the Crown, Dignitvand Honour of our Sovereign Lord the King ; such as Christ's Vice- gerent, His Holiness, Prince over all Nations and Kingdoms, King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, the Lord God the Pope, and so forth, so that sitting 11 >*i TRIAL OP ANTIOHRIST. 7 in the Temple of God you did proclaim to the world that you held your throne on Earth, not sitnply as a man, but as true God 1 ** And in furtherance of your most Treasonable and Rebellious designs, you, the said Antichrist, did from time to time, wickedly, falsely, and mali- ciously associate with other false traitors, and with force of arms, make and levy war, with in- tent our Sovereign £x>rd the King of, and from his royal state to depose, and deprive, and to kill and put to death ; and as such false traitor feloniously and maliciously did conspire and combine with other false traitors to rise and levy cruel insur- rections, rebellions, and war within his kingdom ; did collect together arms, ammunition, gunpow- der and shot, for the purposes of said rebel- lions, and to levy war within his kingdom. And for many years, in many countries, in many na- tions, with force and arms, falsely and traitor- ously did use, and procure to be used, many hundred thousand pikes, and sundry other arms, and did procure an immense quaitity of gunpow- der, with racks, gibbets, fire, swords, red-hot pincers, thumb-screws, whips, cords, and various other instruments of torture, (which for cruelty and diabolical ingenuity, could scarcely be equal- led in all the dark regions of infernal spirits,) for the purpose of carrying on said insurrections and rebellions within his kingdom, and therewith cruel slaughters made among the faithful sub- jects of our Lord the King within his kingdom. ^* And in furtherance of said treasonable designs. H TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. ! you, the said Antichrist, did associate with, and cause yourseK to be pruclaimed the head, and did become the ringleader of a certain society, called the Roman Catholic and Apostolic Church ; and for the purpose of supporting your tyrannical and usurped authority in direct opposition to every divine law of our Sovereign Lord the King, you did confer on other false traitors, in said so- ciety, divers and numerous honours and titles, such as CardinalSf Pope's Nuncio's, Apostolic Vi- carSt Papers Legates, Archbishops, Holy Fathers of Inquisitions, Inquisitor Generals, Prelates, Monks, Hermits, Jesuits, Augustine Monks, Benedictine Monks, Dominican Friars, Franciscan Friars, Mendicant Friars, Jansenists, Molinists^ Abbots, Abbesses, Priests, Canons, Carmelites, Nuns, ^c, 4^. All of those said traitors have been en- gaged, and most of them deeply concerned, in the many treasons, rebellions and murders, committed by you at various times. ** And in further pursuance of said treasonable designs, you, the said Antichrist, in order to draw others into rebellion and treason, did forge and counterfeit ; and did cause to be forged and counterfeited, the name, hand-writing and seal of our Sovereign Lord the King, with intent wick- edly, feloniously and maliciously to deceive the world, and force obedience to yourself. For which purpose you caused it to be proclaimed that you were appointed by divine authority to be the Headof.tha Church and Christ's Vicar on earth, and that by the positive Mandate, and De- N TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 9 cree of our Sovereign Lord the King, given under his hand and seal, at Jerusalem in Judra, in Asia. " And in furtherance of said treason and rebel- lion, you, the said Antichrist, wilfully, wickeclly and maliciously, did forge and counterfeit, and caused to be forged and counterfeited, the hand- writing of one of his Most Sacred Mnjesty's loyal and confidential servants, namely, the Apostle Peter, from wiiom you have presumed to declare you received your authority to commit treason, rebellion and murder, with every other crime, in the name of tiie J'uly and righteous God of Hea- ven and Earth, our Sovereign Lord and King ; and your Supreme and undoubted Lord. And you propagated and cau=;ed to be propagated de- signedly, maliciously and falsely, that in order to delegate you with princely power, and unheard of tyranny, the said Apostle Peter came to the City of Rome, as Prince of the Apostles, and invested pou with ail your titles and power to govern the Church of Christ in the Universal World. "And afterwards at sundry times, and at the said City of Home, in further pursuance of said treason and rebellion. You, the said Antichrist did feloniously write, and cause to be written several rebellious manifestos or proclamations, termed Pope's Bulls; to support your unlawful Supremacy, to give indulgences to sin. and com- mission to violate every law of God, to pardon treason, to give liberty to souls in misery, giving encouragement to subjects to rebel against their A3 ■v., ♦. -.-•* 10 TKlAL OP ANTICHRIST. I I lawful Sovereign, to hurl Kings and Princes from their thrones, and to encourage murder, treason, rebellion, rapine and blood, with every detestable crime that can be named by human tongue. And for this purpose, did make open publication of the same as being the Manifestos or Proclamations termed Bulls of His Holiness the Pope of Rome, Vicar of Christ; Prince over all nations andJdng- domSf &c. &c. And did circulate the same among different nations and people, for the purpose of in- citing and encouraging them to enter into rebel- lion against our Sovereign Lord the King, within his kingdom. " And in furtherance of your most evil inten- tions, and treasonable imaginations, as such false traitor. You, the said Antichrist, feloniously and maliciously did conspire and combine, together with other false traitors, to excite all nations on earth to repair to your .^pretended consecrated standard in open rebellion against our Sovereign Lord the King. " And for the purpose of further promoting your treason and rebellion. You did from time to time change your title, commanding yourself to be A'^^ called by various names, insomuch that i'rom the day you first usurped that of Universal Bishop, by the name of Boniface III. to that on which you arrived at the highest pitch of Papal grandeur under that of Gregory VII, you assumed no less than one hundred and fourteen appellations. And from that date to the present, you have continued to change your name, for the vile purpose of al- M 3 TRIAL OF ANTICHBI8T. It luring into your € against and awful rebellion and the King of kings and Lord his Imperial Crown and Dig- others treason of lords, nity. ** And in further pursuance of said treason and rebellion, Yon, the said Antichrist, did openly and publicly in the year of our Lord 751, presume to depose Kings and establish yourself as a temporal Prince, You therefore did by the name of Pope Zachary I. dethrone Childeric III. King of France, and invest with royalty the usurper Pepin in his place. From this period you carried two swords, to signify both your temporal and spiritual power and assumed more and more authority ; you as Christ's Jj^e^eren/ claimed the same power, as would l^long to Christ alone had he been per- sonally on earth, reigning on his throne. You even used to be called God on Earth, and most of the Princes of Europe submitted to your rebellious arms and usurped supremacy. You also brought Emperors and Kings to kiss your feet, to receive their crowns from your hands, and Princes dreaded your displeasure more than they would a thunder- bolt from heaven. If you were pleased to excom- municate a King, all his subjects were by you declared to be free from their allegiance and obliged to renounce it on pain of your displeasure ; and not only so but any man might kill him. Further, you arrogated the power of damning the souls of men, and persuaded the peofKH^h^^ni you had deluded into your rebellion) to believe fhat you possessed that ability, so that whoever 1% THIAL OF ANTICBRISrr. 'I I ." ';! 11 died under your excommunication was considered by them as eternally lost. " And in furtherance of your most wicked and traitorous designs, You, the said Antichrist, not having the tear of God before your eyes, but being moved and seduced by the instigation of the great promoter and your co-opsrater in rebellion, the Devil, did with force of arms, by craft, subtlety and superstition, falsely, wickedly, and traitorously, compass, imagine and intend our said Lord the King, then and there your supreme, true and law- ful I^rd, of and from the royal state, crown, title, power and government of his Imperial Realm, to dispose and wholly deprive, and to death and de- struction bring. Did levy and make war for several centuries to support your usurped authori- ty and to overthrow and destroy the government and constitution of the kingdom of our Lord to establish your tyrannical and despotic decrees, laws and canons, to the certain destruction of all who are drawn by you into your treasons and die in a state of rebellion against our Lord the King. " And in further prosecution of said wicked de- signs as aforesaid, You, the said Antichrist did (after you dethroned Childeric, King of JTrance) depose and deprive and excommunicate a number of Princes, contrary to every law and statute of our Sovereign Lord the King made in that case and provided. During the time you went by the name of Pope Innocent III. at the commencement of the thirteenth Century, when the Empire of Germany was disputed between Puilip, Duke of TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 13 considered "icked and JURIST, not , but being i" the great »ellion, the X subtlety 'aitorousiy. Lord the e and law- rown, title, Realm, to th and de- i war for 3d authori- overnment ir Lord to c decrees, tion of all >ns and die the King, ivlcked de- [cuRisT did 3f France) I a number statute of I that case ent by the nencement Empire of p, Duke of Suahia, and Otho IV. you first espoused the cause of Otiio, and thundered out your excommunica- tions against Philip, and upon the death of the latter, in the year 1209, you placed the LnpeVial Diadem upon the head of his adversary, who not being disposed to bow sufficiently to your ambi- tious desire, in his turn felt your malice and re- sentment. You therefore declared him unworthy of the Empire, and anathematized and deposed him in the year 1212, and raised his pupil Fre- deric II. to the throne and dignity in his phice. •' You also excommunicated and d(!posed John King of England, and absolved all his subjects from their oaths of allegiance, when you pro- claimed the kingdom under an inlerdict, shut up all the places of public worship for three years, declared the throne of England vacant, and re- quested the King of France to execute your sentence, and undertake the conquest of Britain, till John was compelled to pay large sums of money for both England and Ireland, to do hom- age before your legate at Dover, and receive his crown from his hands, as a special favor from you, (as his Holiness the Pope and Prince of the Apostles,) after it was detained five days. "When ycu was called by the name of Pope Constantine in the year 712, you also deprived Phillipicus Bai'danes, Emperor of the Greeks. ** By the name of Gregory. I. and II. you excom- municated Leo the Isaurian Emperor. "In the year 10T6, by the name of Gregory VII. you deposed Henry IV. Emperor. t; 14 TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. " By the name of Celestine III. you excommuni- cated Henry VI. Emperor. " By the same name you excommunicated I^o- pold Duke of Austria. **By the same name you excommunicated Al- plionso X. King of Galicia and Leon. ** By the name oi Innocent III. you deprived Philip Augustus^ King of France, '*In the year 1245, by the names of Gregory IX. and Innocent IV. you deposed Frederic II. Emperor. " In the year 1303, by the name of Boniface VIII. you deprived Philip the Fair, King of France. "In the year 1512, by the name of Julius II. you deprived Lewis XII. King of France, " In the year 1 538, by the name of Paul III. you deprived Henry VIII. King of England. "In the year 1570, by the name of Pius V. you deprived Elizabeth Queen of England. " By the name of Paul IV. you issued out your edict in the year 1563, to order Joan Queen of Navarre to appear before your tribunal at Rome, to answer for the crime of rejecting your authority. ** In the year 1589, by the name of Sixtus V. you delivered a famous (or rather an infamons) ora- tion, applauding the murder of Henry III. King of France f by a Jacohine Friar ^ as both admira- hie and meritorious. ** By the name of Uiban II. you prohibited Bishops and Priests from promising allegiance to Kings and Princes. TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 15 ** By the name of Martin V. j'-^u forced the Em- peror Sigismund to violate his covenant and promise, and made that diabolical decree, that Faith must not be kept with Heretics. ** By the name of Clement IX. you presumed to deprive James I., King of England, of his right to the Crown, even before he ascended the throne, and afterwards attempted to destroy both him and his Parliament by gunpowder. " By the name of Clement XI. you declared the treaty of Charles VJ., Emperor, to be null and void (so far as it did not appear to the interest of your government), although repeatedly con- firmed by oath, and " By the name of Gregory VII. you not only de- throned Basilius King of Poland, but you did, by an express and imperious edict, prohibit the nobles of Poland, from electing a new King without your consent, contrary to every divine law of our Sovereign Lord the King. "And in furtherance of your most evil and traitorous designs, You, the said Antichrist, did, for the purpose of promoting rebellion and insur- rection, wilfully and knowingly adhere to, and confederate with, some of the most notorious and violent enemies of our Sovereign Lord the King. And as such, false traitor, did feloniously and ma- liciously hold such communication with the afore- said rebels, "Vi'ith intent to aUer and overthrow the constitution of the kingdom of our Ijord. And our Sovereign Lord the King from his royal state, titles, and power, to depose and deprive, and our Sovereign 10 TBIAL OP ANTIOHTIST. i, Lord the King to death put. You, the said Anti- christ, with other false traitors, did in several countries erect and establish most awful, dread- ful, and diabolical courts for the trial and punish- ment of all those who refused to own your unlaw- ful authority. To these courts or tribunals you gave the name of Holy Office of Inquisitions, where every cruelty that devils could invent was employed by your commission. You also ap- pointed to superintend these works and mansions of darkness, such false traitors as were zealously attached to your treasonable designs, and did con- fer on them the title oi Holy Fathers of Inquisition ^ Holy Inquisitors, ^-c. " And in furtherance of said treason and rebel- lion, You, the said Antichrist, with other false traitors, did presume to declare that you had, by divine right, power to introduce into the highest seat of dignity in heaven, some of the most noto- rious rebels against our Sovereign Lord and King. You did therefore (what you call) 'canonize ' a considerable number of such false traitors as Saints in heaven, both men and women, lor the purpose of promoting your awful rebellion, by withdrawing the allegiance and affections of thousands from our lawful Sovereign, by venerat- ing and adoring those creatures of your own forming, and thus promoting rebellion and treason in all the world to the utmost of your power. " And in further prosecution of said wicked de- signs as aforesaid. You, the said Antichrist did 'wilfully and maliciously by open proclamatioQ, I ' ! TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 17 Anti- 1 ievcral 1 drtad- J unish- ■ inlaw- 1 Is you 1 itions, 1 It was 1 so ap- msions ; [ilonsly id con- isiuorii : [ rebel- ,'1* false lad, by ^ highest St noto- i King. nize ' a tors as -:::. lor the ion, by ; ions of i ^enerat- 1 ur own 1 treason /er. jked de- 1 RisT did 1 imation, 1 give encouragement to the most detestable Mur- derers, Traitors, Robbers, and Villians, that could be collected together on earth. And did for such Murderers and Rebels appoint several places, called * Holy places of Refuge,' where every in- famous character lived in safety by your orders, in defiance of every divine and human law, for the purpose of promoting rebellion and treason against our Sovereign Lord the King. " And further to promote treason and rebellion, as such false traitor. You, the said Antichrist, did wickedly and feloniously, with other false traitors, proclaim the presumed power, to grant to those who were rich enough to purchase ihem, InduU gencesy which administered remission of all sins, however enormous in their nature they might be. You did therefore, especially in Germany, in the year of our Lord, 1517, (when you were known by the name of Pope Leo X.,) employ several persons connected with you to circulate and sell the said Indulgences lor money ; particularly a Dominician FriaVy and false traitor, known by the name of John Tetzel, who in describing the effi- cacy of these rebellious Indulgences, among other enormities said, that even had any one dejlowered the mother of God, he had from you where withal 1 1 efface his guilt. And he also boasted that he had saved more souls from hell by these Indulgences, than St. Peter had converted to Christianity by his preaching. " You likewise commissioned other false traitors to plead in the defence of said rebellious acts , \\ IS TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. I i * !! i I I whon ihey were opposed by one who rejected your authority. And one Cajetan, a rebel in your employ, did declare in support of your usurped power, that one drop of Christ's blood, being suJjUcient to redeem the whole human race, the remaining quantity that was shed in the garden and upon the cross^ was left as a legacy to the church to be a treasure^ from whence Indulgences were to be drawn and administered by the Roman Pontiffs or you the said Antichrist, and of these and other awful expressions you were the author when you were called Pope Clement VII. "And in furtherance of said treason and rebel- lion, you the said Antichrist, with other false traitors, did wickedly, wilfully, and maliciously* murder and cause to be murdered many hundred thousand subjects of our Sovereign Lord the King, who refused to own your assumed supremacy. To enumerate all the said murders would be a task impossible for men, if not for angels to per- form. But you did, by various instruments put to death upwards of a million of the people called Waldenses, and Albigexsgs, whom you prosecuted with fire and sword for several centuries. And you also burnt many very faithful preachers of the kingdom of Our Lord. And j'ou did on the 24th day of August 1572, and few following days cause to be murdered at Paris in France, 70,000 per- sons, who were massacred by one of your agents called Chaut.es IX. and who in a few years mur- dorod'SOO,©©© 1 ! ! Within thirty years were killed in France, 39 Princes, 148 Counts, 224 Barons, i -i. TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 19 ■ejected ebel in f your s bloodf m race, garden to the licences Roman )f these author d rebel- er false iciously* lundred le King, remacy. lid be a 3 to per- ts put to e called ^secuted s. And chers of the 24th ys cause [)()0 per- r agents i,rs mur- ;re killed Barons, 147,518 Gentlemen, and 700,000 persons of in- ferior rank in life, but whose blood equally called for justice. "And you did in England, during the short reign of the ever to be execrated Queen Marv, burn, 1 Archbishop, 4 Bishops, 21 Preachers, 8 Gentlemen, 84 Artificers, 100 Husbandmen and Labourers, 26 Wi/es, 20 Widows, 9 unmarried Women, 2 boys, and 2 Infants. And in Ireland also you did in the year 1641, cause to be mur- dered, 40,000 persons. And in Scotland, in Hol- land, in Germany, in Spain, in Italy, in Portugal, in Poland, in Hungary, in Bohemia, and other countries in Europe ; and in South America, in- numerable multitudes have been slaughtered by your rebellious arms, for the vile purpose of pro- moting said Insurrections and treasons within the kingdom of our Sovereign Lord the Everlasting King. And for the purposes of your treasonable imaginations as aforesaid, our said Lord the King from the royal state, title, honor, power, imperial crown and government of his realm to depose and deprive, contrary to the duty of your allegiance, against the peace of our Sovereign Lord the King, his crown and dignity, and against the form of the statute in that cat^e made and provided.'' Clerk of the Crown. — How sayest thou Anti- christ 1 Art thou Guilty of that treason whereof thou standest Indicted, and for which thou hast now been arraigned ? or Not Guilty ? Ant. (After remaining silent for some time,)— ] do not consider myself accountable to any Court. 20 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. I ! p i I t !l I I Lord Chirp JustiJe. — Whatever opinion you may entertain respecting your treasonable autho- rity ; it will not be owned here. You have heard the Indictment read, and the course is, you must plead Guilty or not Guilty. It is the law and the common case of all men in your situation. Are you Guilty or Not Guilty ? Ant. — Shall I not be allowed to produce such authority as almost all christian countries have admitted ? some of the most eminent Catholic writers have proved my power over all law and Court. — You must hold, and plead Guilty or not Guilty. You shall have the liberty that any subject can have, or can challenge. No man standing at the bar, in the condition you are, must make any other answer to the Indictment than Guilty or not Guilty. Your answer must be plain and direct, either Guilty or not Guilty. Ant. — Will you permit me to give you my answer in my own words ? Lord Chief Justice. — There is no answer but what the law directs. You shall be heard when you put yourself upon your trial. Ant. — I request some time to consider of it, for I have been very unexpectedly called upon. Court. — You have been allowed several cen- turies to take this case into consideration. You must follow the direction of the Court, Guilty or Not Guilty. Ant. — Shall I be heard my Lord ? Court. — Yes, upon your trial. You must keep 4 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 21 m you autho- e heard a must and the 1. Are ce such es have atholic all law luilty or that any No man you are, dictment ver must Guilty. . you my swer but ird when r of it, for pen. reral cen- on. You Guilty or nust keep # to the course of law, cither Guilty or Not Gi illy. There is but one of these pleas to be made. You trouble the Court. Clerk. — How sayest thou Antichrist ? Art thou Guilty or Not Guilty ? Ant. — My condition differs from others, I am now Clerk. — Are you Guilty or Not Guilty ? Ant. — I am speaking. 1 have known the time when none dare ' Court. — There are but three things to be con-, sidered. Either you must say Guilty, which is Confession, and then there remains no more but Judgment, or Not Guilty, and then you shall be heard ; or Judgment will pass for your standing Mute ; w^hich is the same as if you had confessed. Ant. — Will you refuse to give me any satis- faction ? Clerk. — Are you Guilty or Not Guilty ? Court. — You have been long acquainted with the proceedings of earthly courts. Did you ever allow any prisoner brought before your tribunal, the indulgence the Court has now granted you ? Ant. — ^This is a Special Case. Court. — The law allows nothing now, but to plead Guilty or Not Guilty. You must plead to your Indictment. If it be treason it cannot be justified ; if it be justifiable, it is not treason. Therefore plead Guilty or Not Guilty ? Ant. — ^Who could suppose that I would plead Guilty? ! \i ; 32 TBIAL or ANTICRKIST. Clerk. — You plead, not Guilty. Is this your plea ? Ant. — I do not acknowledge the Indictment to be legal. I never called myself by the name of Antichrist. I am not the person. Clerk. — You have been long known by that name. You are the person charged with treason. It would take many hours to read all the names you have been known by in the world. You are the person, and by one, or other of the names in the Indictment, you have for centuries committed all the crimes laid to your charge. But the Court cannot be thus interrupted. Are you Guilty or Not Guilty ? Ant. — I am not Antichrist. Clerk. — Are you Guilty or Not Guilty ? Ant. — I do not plead Guilty. Clerk. — Then you plead Not Guilty. Is this your plea ? Ant. — Yes. Clerk. — How will you be tried ? Ant. — I will be tried by the laws and Cardinals of the Holy Roman Catholic Church. Lord Chief Justice. — I must inform you, if you do not put yourself in this case according to law, what you have said amounts to nothing. Clerk. — How will you be tried ? Ant. — According to the ordinary course. Clerk. — Whether by God or the Country ? You must speak the words. Court. — We have given you a great deal more liberty than is usually granted. It is the course TBIAL or ANTICHRIST. 23 4 and proceeding of law, if yoii will be tried you must put yourself upon Goo and tiio Country. Ant.— If I must say the words, T will say what you tell me. I will be tried by God and the Country. Clerk. — God send you a good deliverance. Court. — You, the prisoner at the bar ; if you desire pen, ink and paper, you shall have them ; and if you will challenge any of the Jury, you may when ihey come to be sworn, and that before they are sworn. Mr. Timothy Telltruth being called was desired to look on the prisoner at the Bar, and lay his hand upon the book, when the prisoner said, 1 ut' terly abhor his namcy he is well known to be one of the greatest enemit y to my government, Mr. Jacobus Investigation, Mark Mercy, Giedeon Grace, Titus Truth, Francis Faithfulness, Luke Love, Peter Peace, Jonah Joy, Mathew Meekness, Henry Holiness, a.nd Venerable Fir/we, being called were severally excepted against by the Prisoner Court. — Antichrist, you know the law. You must say, I challenge him. Ant. — I shall Sir. Sir Simon Sincerity, was next called and chal- lenged. Mr. Christopher Compassion, being called, the prisoner said, " may I ask of what quality he is ?*' Court. — No Sir. You are to challenge him^ or not challenge him. Ant. — I challenge him. r IP P I?, i I: p r 84 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST* Phillip Purity^ Ohadiali Obedience^ and Grace Goodness, being called were also challenged. (Here the people appeared to smile.) Ant. — My Lord 1 must make use of my liberty in this case. Court. — God forbid it should be otherwise. Reuben Righteousness, and Virtuous Vigilance^ were next called and challenEjed. Court. — Antichrist, you know how many to challenge. If you go beyond the number, you know the danger. Ant. — Will you tell me what it is? I know nothing about trial by Jury. All the prisoners that came before me had a very different trial. Court. — You say very true, but God forbid but you should know. You may challenge chirty-five peremptorily, but no more unless you can shew just cause. Sir William Worthy, was next called, and challenged. Titus Tenderness, called. Ant. — I do not know him. Tend. — Nor I you, Sir ; I never lived in your city or dominions. He was then desired to look on the prisoner, and lay his hand on the book. His oath was then read to him, viz, " You shall well and truly try, and true deliverance make between our Sovereign Lord the King, and the prisoner at the bar, whom you shall have in charge, according to your Evidence. So help you God. Sworn, ■ \ TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 25 Grace 1. liberty sc. ilance^ any to er, >ou I know risoners lifferent irbid but irty-five m shew ed, and in your prisoner, was then truly try, iovereign \x, whom ; to your Benjamim Blameless^ Absalom Amiable, and Luke Lovcgood, were challenged. Don Pedro Italy, was next called, when the prisoner said, Don Pedro Italy is his name 1 Let him be sworn. Sivorn, Uriah Uprightness. Challenged. Senhor Pualo Portugal was next called. Ant. — I like his name, let him be sworn. Sworn. Elias Equity. Challenged. Divine Light. Challenged. Divine Life, Challenged. Ant. — Lest I may run into any hazard, in making use of the liberty granted by the law in this case, and not having numbered the persons challenged ; I desire that your officer may acquaint me with the number. Court. — You shall know it. Christian Charity, was next called and chal- lenged, but the prisoner said immediately after, Let him be Sworn. Court. — No, no. Ant. — I have no objection to his nama. He may be sworn. Court. — When he is challenged, it cannot be recalled. Senhor Dominic Spain, was next called. Ant. — Let him be sworn. -He has known me a long time. Sworn, - /,-.>ij4 ; Hosea Honesty, and Faithful Witness, being called, were both challenged. Court. — You have now challenged thirty. B I:! m m IIP 4 I r 1 26 TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. Ant. — I wish the names to be read to me, to see if it be so? Court. — ^When you come to thirty-five, you shall have the names read. Vital Godliness and Experimental Religion, Yrere next called and both challenged. Mons. Most Christian France, Sworn, Corvinus Hungary, Sworn. Gospel Holiness, Scripture Moralityy and ApoS" folic Testimony, being called^ were challenged. CouRt. — Now read the names to him. They were read. In all Thirty-five. Van Erasmus Holland. Sworn, Gustavus Sweden. Sworn, George England, Sworn. Andrew Scotland, Sworn, Patrick Ireland. Sworn, Augustus Germany. Sworn. Then they who were admitted, were called over, viz.: Titus Tenderness, Don Pedro Italy, Senhor Paulo Portugal, Senhor Dominic Spain, Monsieur Most Christian France, Corvinus Hung- ary, Van Erasmus Holland, Gustavus Sweden, George England, Andrew Scotland, Patrick Ire- land, and Augustus Germany. Proclamation was then nmde. '^ If any man can inform my Lord the King's Justices, the King's Serjeant, or the King's At- torney, before this Inquest be taken, let them come forth, and they shall be heard, for now the Prisoner stands at the Bar upon his deliverance. And all those bound by recognizance to appear. TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 27 ne, to ,, you ligion. i Apos- aged. re called iro Italy, ic Spain, lus Hung- Sweden, Ltrick Ire- khe King's King's At- ^ let them or now the ;eliverance. to appear. let them come forth, and give their Evidence, or else to forfeit their recognizance." A considerable number of witnesses were then called. Clerk. — Look upon the Prisoner at the bar, you that are sworn. You shall understand, that the Prisoner at the bar stands indicted by the name of Antichristy &c., late of the City of Rome in Italy J Clerk ; for that he together, &c. (here the Indictment was read) upon which indictment he hath been arraigned, and thereunto hath pleaded Not Guilty ; and for his trial hath put himself upon God and the Country, which country you are. Now your charge is to enquire, whether he be guilty of the High Treason in manner and form as he sta'ids indicted or Not Guilty. If you find that he is Guilty, you shall enquire what Goods and Chatties he had at the time of committing the Treason, or any time since then. If you find that he is Not Guilty, you shall enquire whether he did fly for it ; if you find that he fled for it, you shall inquire of his Goods and Chatties as if you had found him Guilty. If you find that he is Not Guilty, nor that he did fly, you shall say so, and no more. And take heed to your evidence. The Right Hon, Faithful Investigation, His Majesty's Attorney General, then addressed the Court and Jury. My Lords, and Gentlemen of the Jury, It is my duty to state to you in as concise a manner as I can, the nature of the charges pre- ferred against the Prisoner at the bar, and the rr- [|i ill ' jifj! ; pi! . I; r i • ; ! * 28 TRIAL or ANTICHRIST. evidences that shall be produced in support of that charge. Gentleman of the Jury, you on your part are to decide upon the evidences ; it is for you to draw such conclusions as you may by the evidences be warranted to do. My Lords and Gentlemen of the Jury, I consider myself highly honored in being one of the instru- ments in bringing before you, this day into judg- ment, one, who not only has been guilty of the blackest treason and rebellion, but, who has been for many centuries the plague and curse of nations. The highest crimes of which a subject can be guilty, attended with various aggravating cir- cumstances, are charged against the Prisoner at the bar, who was the leader and original mover of many insurrections and rebellions which have deluged the earth with human blood, and brought many whom he had seduced to condign punish- ment, both here and in the eternal world. It will appear i n evidence, that the persons who were principally connected with, and who received their authority from the Prisoner, were those who were concerned in the rebellions of 60G, and of every succeeding century, in Itali/, Germany^ France^ Spain ^ Portugal. Holland^ Sweden, Eng- land, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and most of the Nations of Europe, My Lords and Gentlemen of the Jury, It is not possible that any mortal being, in the 'space of one hundred years, could state a tenth part of the treasons and murders which the Pri- soner at the bar has committed. The most TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 29 msider instru- 5 judg- of the IS been lations. can be ing cir- soner at 1 mover ich have brought 1 punish- l. It will vho were received hose who )G, and of Germany, ien, Eng- ost of the ling, in the ite a tenth ch the Pri- The most youthful and able council would grow grey- headed in the court, while barely citing the acts done by him only during the space of half a cen- tury. The Court itself could not contain, half the rebel proclamations, or Pope's Bulls which he has published to the world, the design of which will evidently appear to be, the subversion of His Majesty's Government, and the promotion of re- bellion in all the earth. And in order to effect his treasonable designs, he imbrued his hands in the blood of thousands of his fellow creatures ; crimes that do not, that cannot admit of the smallest extenuation. The Prisoner at the bar stands charged with commit- ting several overt-acts of High Treason,by which he has manifested the wickedness and traitorous imaginations of his heart. I shall briefly state a few of the overt-acts, and if you believe the evi- dence, you will be convinced. Gentleman of the Jury, it is your duty to find the Prisoner Guilty. . There are several counts in this indictment. That of compassing and imagining the death of the King. Of usurping his Sovereign Power. Adhering to the King's enemies. Counterfeiting the King's great seal of Heaven. Levying war against the King. Deposeing several Emperors and Kings. Abolishing the laws of our beloved {Sovereign, and substituting *his own. — Offering rewards to encourage rebellion. The murder of many hundred thousand subjects of our Lord the King. And others stated in the indictment now read. IV I' ' li i ,rt TEIAI. OF AOTIOBBBT. f ,V,^ Jury th« o^«rt-act of levying Gentlemen of the -""^ \ .„i„g the death of war, is a compassing and >™^'"" ^j^ i„to effect. I shall not ™-ke many observat, 1^ ^^^_ ^^^ n,„st be comprehended by any ^^^ .^ in the language of ^V^J' „a„i„i„g the death held tobe the comp--"^ ^J '„"t immediately be of the King, though It may ^^^.^^^^,y carried into --"'"^'/^a'conspiracy, by force attach to his person. ^"^/^ J.titution, or the of arms, to alter the >-^^, t^.„"°,„„, ,eads to the government of our ^j" J ^ ^^f, ,, though it doth general destruction of the k n„, ^^^ ^^^ lot to the life of >»«. *y^f ;ue subiects of our have been acknowledged a^2 ^^^^.^^^ ^^, Sovereign, by I'^'^g "\ jU to Crucify or against his govern™""' "^^ ^^ ^^ ^^„ ,hame. Kill him -§="";;";;; by force of arms, the con- The intention to alter oy ^^^ overt-acts stitution of his ^'■nAor^'l °"^„, to compass the laid in the indictment, as a means death of the Kmg. ^^jdcnces before you, I shall proceed to lay m^ indictment, in support of the charges^ .aid m^^^ ^^^ ^^ f^^.,, 1 shall briefly mention thej ^^ ^^y^ and the circumstance .that 1 am ^^^^^^^^^ ^^ they will r-',i fences and conclusions the Jury.too. jit;\„atureofthe <-.Kl':aces you may dr. .., I state ^^^^ ^^^ of that will be produced, ^/'^ .f. j„,i,y the nature yourundc^undrngmo.^^^^^^^ and of the testimony tne a/vi TRIAL OF ANTICHRiaT. 31 ing Lof *ect. IS it ,for sir is ieatli y be ately force >r the to the tdoth e who of our J arms cify or shame, he con- ert-acts pass the fore you, iictment. the facts, od to say, lemeii of )nclusions urpose of the nature rive; and your verdict will be according to those evidences, and according to the credit that you may give them, of which you are the constitutional judges. We shall produce witnesses to prove, that the Prisoner at the bar lived at Rome in the year of our Lord, 606 ; and that he did usurp the title of Universal Bishop, and was known by the name of Pope Boniface III. That he continued to change and alter his name from time to time. That he did arrogate to himself the government of our Lord the King. That he did associate with other false traitors. That he did levy war against our Sovereign. That he did issue out many thousand rebellious proclamations. That he did with fire and sword put many of his Majesty's loyal subjects to death, in a manner enough to make human nature sudder. That he did counterfeit the hand- writing of our beloved Lord. That he did depose Emperors and Kings. That he did abolish the . laws and constitution of the kingdom of God. And that he did commit treason and rebellion in every age of the world, from the time he first usurped his treasonable authority. Gentlemen of the Jury, w e might follow the Prisoner at the bar, from name to name and from century to century, to the present period, and glance at a small share of his history, and thereby give a comparative view of his tragical cruelties. But your time is precious, we shall therefore let the witnesses speak, and doubt not but to prove, that the Prisoner is one of the greatest culprits ever brought to the bar. We shall now call, the m TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 1 1 ! i il evidences and shew by them, that the Prisoner at the bar is guilty of the charges laid against him in the indictment. It is for you to decide upon the guilt or innocence of the Prisoner, as you on your oath, shall be of opinion is agreeable to the case. If the charge is not supported you will of course aquit him. Mr. Historical Truth, being called and sworn, was examined by the Attorney General. Question. Have you been acquainted with Antichrist^ the Prisoner at the bar ? Answer. Yes. I have known him for many centuries. He has often employed my pen. Q. Where did he live when you knew him ? A. At the City of Rome in Italy. Q. Do you recollect at what period you first became acquainted with him ? A. I knew him before he claimed the title of Universal Bishop, but from the time he usurped it, I have taken particular notice of him. Q. In what year did he first assume that title ? and what name did he then go by ? A. In the year of our Lord 606. He was then known by the name of Pope Boniface III. Q. Are you acquainted with any circumstances that contributed to the establishment of the Pris- oner by that title ? A. I am. Q. Will you briefly state them to the court ? A. Yes. I recollect well, that for a long time there was much dispute between the Prisoner at the bar, and another person, who went by the TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 33 name of the Bishop of Constantinople, about who should have the title and power connected with it, as head of the Church. The Emperor of Rome* Mauritius with all his family, consisting of six sons and two daughters, being murdered by Phocas , who usurped the Roman Government, and who being sanctioned by the Prisoner, he in return conferred on him the title of Universal Bishop. Q. Do you recollect on what pretext the Pris- oner at the bar founded his claim to this title ? A. On a supposition that the Apostle Peter had been at Rome to found the Church of Romfi, as Mother and Mistress of all Churches. And that our Lord the King had delegated him with power to invest his successors with the title of Vicar of Christ, &c. Q. Was it from ignorance or wickedness, do you suppose, that the Prisoner was first led to ar- rogate his supremacy ? A. I do believe it proceeded from wickedness, for it never could proceed from ignorance, as his predecessor Gregory, who was Bishop of Rome had openly declared to the knowledge of the Prisoner, "That whosoever calls himself, or de- sires by others to be called Universal Bishop, is a forerunner of Antichrist ^ He also knows that he never had been owned by that title before Phocas granted it to him, ai)d he also well knows now that he was not universally acknowledged after his usurpation. Cross-examined by Councellor Quibble, Council for the Prisoner. b2 84 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. { t > 1' Q. You say that j'ou have been long acquainted with the Prisoner, was you intimately acquainted with him? A. Yes. Q. On your oath, do you or do you not believe, that when the Prisoner at the bar first claimed his title, that it never was his intention to aim at further power ? A. It is probable, that he might not have in- tended to have carried his rebellious arms so far at first, but he soon convinced the world what he would do when he obtained the power. Q. Did he not stile himself Servant of Servants ? A. He did, but acted as King of Kings and Lord of Lords. Pliocas the Emperor examined by the Solicitor General, This witness being a prisoner, was brought into the court attended by two of the keepers of the black gulph, and made a most awful and terrific appearance. Q. Are you Phocas the Roman Emperor ? A. Yes. My name is Phocas, and I am called Emperor of Rome. Q. Did you know the Prisoner at the bar, at Rome ? A. Alas I did, to my sorrow. Q. Will you relate to the court, what you know of the Prisoner, during your residence at Rome ? A. I am compelled to do it by the constraining hand of justice. And I look forward with terror to that great and tremendous day, when the judge TBIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 35 of the world will constrain me to make a more public declaration. When I came to the throne, which I obtained by means, the reflection of which adds to my misery, the Prisoner at the bar, then Bishop of Rome, so insinuated himself into my favor, that I readily granted his request, and by an edict established him by the title of Univer- sal Bishop. 1 was led to this measure by my ignorance of the real motives of the prisoner and of true religion. And as I detested the Bishop of Constantinople, and stopd in need of the Prisoner's influence, I sanctioned his claim. Q. He was therefore principally by you es- tablished in his supremacy ? A. Yes. Cardinal Baronius examined by Mr. Impat' tiality. Q. Do you know the Prisoner at the bar ? A. Yes. I am intimately acquainted with him, as thousands know by my writings. Q. Of what religion are you ? A. I am a rigid Roman Catholic, and have long acted by the Prisoner's authority. Q. Are you acquainted with the way and man- ner in which the Prisoner first obtained the title of Universal Bishop ? A. I wrote and published to the world, that Phocas the Emperor, after he had murdered Mau^ ritius and family, and usurped the government established Boniface HI. Pope of Rome, by the title of Universal Bishop. Anastfisius and Paul 86 TRIAL OF ANTICUBIST. Diacon wrote nearly the same, and many have confirmed the testimony I have given.* The Clerk of the Crown then read the following extracts which had the Prisoner's signature to them: *' Christ made Peter the chief, that from him as from a certain head he might diffuse, as it were his gifts into the whole body ; for that having taken him in Consortium Individute Trinilatis, * into the Partnership of the Undivided Trinity ;' he would have him called that which the Lord himself was saying, Thou art Peter, and upon this Rock I will build my church."! Signed, Boniface VIII. <* Peter, saith St. Bernard, walking upon the waters as Christ did, declared himself the onli/ Vicar of Christ ; which should be Ruler, not over one people, but over all For many waters are many people. And from hence he deduceth the like authority and jurisdiction to his Successor the Bishop of Rome.'* NoTi on Matt. xiv. 29, RhemisVs New Test, published by the Pope's authority. Mr. Historical Truth was then further examined by the Attorney General. Q. Are you acquainted with the Prisoner's hand-wiiting? A. Perfectly so. * See Anaatasius, " De vitis Fontificum.'* Paul Diacon, " De rebus gestiaLoagobard." lib. iv. cap. 34. Id Muratorii,"Scriptor, rerum Italicar." torn. i. p. 46. f Sexti Decret. L. 1. Tit. 6, cap. 17.^ TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 37 r le d t'H )e Q. Do you believe that this is the hand-writing of the Prisoner at the bar ' [The pnpars were then delivered to hini.'\ A. I do believe it is. He never disowned it. Many thousand copies have been published by his orders. Q. Did you ever know the Prisoner to make similar declarations in support of his supremacy ? A. Yes. It* 1 should relate all that I have taken notes of, none in this court could survive half the time it would take to read them. Q. Is the Prisoner owned as Lord and Sovereign by those who act under him, called Bishops or Priests ? A. Such take an oath at their consecretion (so called) that they will from that time forward ; be faithful to St. Peter and to the Holy Roman Church, and to their Lord the Pope, and his successors canonically entered ; to help them to defend and to keep the Papacy, and the rules of the Fathers. And they not only swear to be faithful, but also to be obedient. And not only to endeavor to preserve and defend the Rights, Honors, Privileges, and Authorities of the Pope, but to increase and advance them, and to the utmost of their power, to cause the Pope's commands to be observed, by others as well as themselves. The first part of the oath I have alluded to was framed when the Prisoner called himself by the name of Pope Gregory VII. ' but several additions have since been made. * Sec Decretal, L. 2, Tit. 24. C. 4. 38 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. Q. When the prisoner was known by that name, did he not give more evident proof of his rebclHous authority, than ever had been known before. A. He did : when he was known by the name otHildebrand, or, as he was oiten called Hellbrand, on account of his tyrannical disposition, he planned the most traitorous designs, which he afterwards brought into effect, though not .to the extent of his ambitious views. By the name of Gregory VII., he became outrageous,and impiously attempt- ed to subjugate to his jurisdiction, the Emperors, Kings and Princes of the earth, and to render their dominions tributary to him at Rome. Such infamous behavour has frequently been called by his deluded followers his pious and apostolic ex- ploits. His government was one continued scene of tumult and slaughter. I need only refer to his own epistles, signed by this name to prove more of his traiterous conduct than it would be proper for me now to trouble the court with. I shall briefly state, that he drew up an oath for the King or Emperor of the Romans, from whom he demanded a profession of subjection and allegiance.* It is a well known fact, that France deceived by the subtilty of the Prisoner, contributed more than all other nations to the establishment of his dignity and dominions. Yet he pretended that this kingdom was tributary to him, and commanded his Legates to demand yearly, in the most solemn manner the payment * See Book ix. of his Episllas, Epist. 8. . fj TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 39 k of that tribute. He wrote an insolent letter to Philip I., King of France, to whom he recommended an humble and obliging carriage, from the consideration that both his kingdom and his soul were under his dominion, who had the power to bind and loose him both in heaven and earth ! Nothing escaped his all-grasping aml)ition, he pretended that Saxony was a feudal tenure, held in subjection to him, to whom it had been formerly yielded by Charlemange^ as a pious offering to St. Peter. He also extended his pretensions to the Kingdoms of Spain and Eng- land, and other countries ; and had his success been equal to the extent of his insolent views, all the kingdoms of Europe would have been tributary to the Prisoner, on the pretext of his being the Vicar of Christ, and Prince over all Nations and Kingdoms. Q. Did he not in the exercise of his rebellious authority, depose Kings and Princes when called by this name ? A. He deposed, and treated in the most shame- ful manner the Emperor Henry IV. And he de- throned Basilaus II., King of Poland with all the circumstances of infamy that he could invent. After pulling him from his throne, he dissolved the oath of allegiance which his subjects had taken, and by an express and imperious edict, prohibited the Nobles -to elect a new King without his approbation. Demetrius Suinimez, Duke of Cro- atia and Dalmatia, was raised by the Prisoner to the rank and perogatives of royalty, in the year 40 TBIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 1076, and solemnly proclaimed King by his Legate at Salona, upon condition that he should pay an annual tribute of two hundred peices of gold to him as to St. Peter, at every Easter. Q. Did he not call himself by a variety of high and imperious titles ? A. Yes ; he not only assumed the appellation of Universal Bishop, but also Sovereign Pontiff, Christ's Vicar, Prince of the Apostles, God on, Earth, Lord God the Pope, His Holiness, King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, Prince over all Nations and Kingdoms, the Most Holy and Most Blessed, Master of the Universal World, Father of Kings* Light of the World, Most High and Sovereign Bishop, &;c. &c.* And he has frequently declared that, his power extended to things Terrestrial Celestial, and Infernal. He also presumed to qualily and invest with the same ability, the different orders of Priests who acted under his rebellious government. Q. Has not the Prisoner at the bar claimed adoration from the very creature who elected him ? A. He has ; when he was occasionally elected he was clothed with (what is called) the Pontifical llobes, and crowned and placed upon the altar. The Cardinals then kiss his feet, and this impious ceremony is called Adoration. They first elect and then they worship him. When the Prisoner was known by the name of Pope Martin V., ou * See Council of Siena, printed at Paris 1612. Pius V. Bull to Queen Elizabeth. Newton on the Prophecies, vol. ii, p. S6&. Mosh. Eccl. Uist. Edward's Hist. Redemption, &c. TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 41 I the medals of him then coined, two are represented crowning the Pope, and two kneeling hefore him, with this inscription, Quern creant adorant^^' Whom they create they adore."* When he was elected by this name the Emperor Sigismund kneeled down before the whole Council of Constance ; kissed his feet, and worshipped him. It is a fact universally known that deluded by the artifice of the Prisoner, several Emperors and Kinoes have thought it an honor to kiss his toe, being misled by his assumed titles of Vicar of Christ, &c. Cross-examined by Mr. Equivocator. Q. You say, that the Prisoner at the bar was elected by Cardinals who adored him? A. I do say that he was so elected ; and that they did adore him. Q. Did you not say before, that he usurped the title, and engaged Phocas the Emperor to establish him in his Government ? A. I did, and 1 assert the same now. The Prisoner first obtained his supremacy, in the way before stated to the court. But afterwards pro- cured himself to be elected and crowned by those who were deeply interested in the establishment of his authority. He was therefore often elected by different means. And as often as he changed his name some ceremony took place. Q. Then you say, that the- ceremony or mode of his election, which you have stated has existed among a variety of others, but you cannot say *Bonanni Numismat. Pontifio Romanor. Daubuz, p. 381. Mosh. ^br. Eccl. Uiat, 2 vol. p. S52. Dub. Edit. 42 T£IAL OF ANTICHRIST. HI I when this form was in practice ? You have heard some report about it, and you have no objection on your oath to assert it ! A. I can not only declare on my oath, that this mode of election has been adopted, but I have the Prisoner's Qwn hand-writing to prove it. In the year of Our Lord 11 79, he assembled a Council at Rome, called The Third Council of the Lateran, He then, by the name of Pope Alexander III., decreed, " That in order to put an end to the con- fusion and dissensions which so often accompanied the election of the Roman Pontiff, the right of election should not only be vested in the Cardinals alone ; but also, that the person in whose favor two-thirds of the College of Cardinals vested, should be considered as the lawful, and duly elected PontiflV This decree alone is sufficient to prove, that before the year 1179, other forms of election did exist, and that they were frequently accompanied with confusion and disorder. And I believe that the Prisoner himself will not contradict what I say, when I assert that this law was made by him and is yet in force. The decree being shown to the Prisoner, he acknowledged that it looked like one which he had framed at Rome. Here the Clerk of the Court read the following paper, written and published by the Prisoner, by the name of Pope Innocent III.* " We may according to the fulness of our power dispose of the law, and dispense above the law, * 1 Book ot Gregory, 9 Decret. c. 8. TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 43 (From an Epistle.) Those whom the Bishop of Rome doth separate, it is not a man that separateth them but God ! For the Pope holdeth place on earth, not simply of a man, but of True God ! ! That He hath celestial Governments, and there- fore may change the nature of things, applying the substance of the one to the other, of nothing can create something, and a decree that is void, he can make it in force ; for in matters that he will have come to pass, his will is his reason : and no man questioneth him, wherefore do you that ? For he can dispense above the law, and of Injustice, can make Justice." Cardinal Bellarmine Sworn. Q. Are you the Bellarmine that wrote what is called the Fifteen Marks of the True Church, to prove the Church of Rome the only True Church ? A. I am. Q. Do you know the Prisoner at the bar. ? A. Yes, I am intimately acquainted with him. Q. Are you not a Roman Catholic by profession ? A. I am. Q. Did you not write and publish several books to vindicate his authority ? A. I did. Q. Did you publish in your 4th book de Pontiffs as follows : " In good sense and judgment, Christ hath given to Peter^ (and consequently to the Pope) the power of making that to be sin, which is no sin, and that which is no sin to be sin ?" A. Let me see the copy. It was shewn to him. jp 44 TRIAL OF ANTlflRIST. Q. Do you acknowledge it to be ycur own writincT and publishing ? A. I do acknowledge it. Q. Did you publish this book, with others, by the Prisoner's authority ? A. I did. I acted by his commission, and ",as supported by his government. A number of Emperors, Kings and Princes were now called as witnesses, who were either excommunicated, deposed, dethroned, or assassin- ated by the Prisoner. Some appeared also who were otherwise treated. And perhaps a greater number of crowned heads never appeared in any Court before. Philippicus BardaneSf Emperor of the Greeks Sworn. Q. Do you know the Prisoner at the bar ? A. I do. He lived at Rome when I knew him. Q. Did he ever presume to usurp any autho- rity, as the Vicar of Christ ? A. He did ; within a little better than a century, after he first obtained the title of Universal Bishop, he excommunicated and condemned me. Q. Will you relate to the Court, the pretext assigned by the Prisoner for his conduct to you ? A. I ordered a picture, which represented the VI General Council to be pulled down from its place, in the Church called Si. Sophia in Constan- tinople. And as T perceived the people fast verging to the worship of Images, I sent to Rome a mandate, to remove all Images of that nature from places of worship. The Prisoner, who then m-- r ti n I TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 45 went by the name of Constantine^ the Universal Bishop, immediately opposed my decree, ordered six pictures of Councils to be placed up in the porch of St. Peters, assembled a Council at Rome, and condemned me as an Apostate. Tumults and insurrections followed as the consequence, which the year following deprived me of the Imperial Throne. Q. Was the Prisoner at the time he condemned you, established as a Temporal Prince at Rome ? A. No, he was not. But from the time he obtained his supremacy, he always appeared to be aspiring after it. He was subject to me as his Emperor. Emperor Leo, the Isaurian, Sworn. Q Did you not profess to be a great enemy to the worship of Images. A. I did. What the Emperor Bardanes begun I resolutely carried on. Q. Did the Prisoner at the bar ever presume to counteract your edicts, and exercise authority over you, as the Vicar of Christ t A. He did. I issued out an edict in the year 726, to forbid the worshiping of Images, and also to remove them all, except that of Christ's Cruci- fixion, from all places of worship. The prisoner then opposed ine in the most outrageous manner. He passed a sentence of Excommunication against me, and declared me unworthy of the Christian name. No sooner was this formidable sentence made public, than the Roman and other Italian Princes, subject to me, violated *heir allegiance, 40 TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. and rising in arms, either massacred or banislied all my deputies or ofHcers. Q. Will you relate to the Court some of the effects that followed ? A. When I first proclaimed my decree,a number of my subjects, who were deluded by the Priests and Monks, who acted for him, raised in rebellion the islands of Archipelago, ravaged a part of Asia, and afterwards reached Italy. The Prisoner (who was the author and ringleader of these civil commotions and insurrections,) had ordered me to revoke my edict against Images and upon my refusing, his anathemas followed, however, being exasperated by these violent proceedings of this haughty Pontiff, I resolved to make him and his Italian rebels feel my displeasure ; but I failed in the attempt. More irritated than discouraged by this disappointment, I assembled a Council at Constantinople, ordered all Images to be burnt, and inflicted a variety of punishments upon such as were attached to that idolatrous worship. The deluded followers of the Prisoner, being sup- ported by him, continued to rebel. And at last it ended, after much blood being spilt in the' Italian provinces, being torn from the Greek Empire. Q. What name did the Prisoner go by when you knew him ? A. He was know by the name of Constantine, afterwards he assumed that of Gregory I. and Gregory II. TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 47 Emperor Constantine, Sworn. Q. In what year did yc ^ succeed to the Imperial Throne ? A. In the year of our Lord 741. I am the son of 1^0, who resigned his sceptre to me. Q. Are you acquainted with the conduct mani- fested by the Prisoner at the bar to your Father, and did he presume to treat you in the same manner ? A. I recollect his base conduct to my Father. He was excommunicated ; all his subjects in Italy were absolved from the obligations of the oath of allegiance which they had taken, and prohibited from paying tribute to, or shewing him any marks of submission and obedience. I followed my father's steps, and in a Council assembled at Constantino- ple, in the year 754, condemned both the worship, and use of Images. I met with the same treat- ment from the Prisoner as my Father did, while I endeavored to the utmost of my power, to extirpate idolatry from my dominions. Q. Did the Prisoner excommunicate you by the same name he did your Father ? A. His Ecclesiastical interdict was sent forth, first by the name of Gregory II. and afterwards Gregory III. Emperor Leo IV. Sworn. Q. Look at the Prisoner at the bar. Do you know him, and by what name do you know him ? A. I do know him. He lived at Rome, and was known by the name of Pope Adrian, Q. In what year was you declared Emperor ? 48 TRIAL OF ANTICURIST. long on the Imperial A. In the year 755. Q. Did you continue Throne? A. No. Only about three years. Three Emperors who preceded me had zealously opposed Image worship, and I followed their example. But a cup of poison, administered by the impious council of my perfidious and profligate wife, Irene, rendered me incapable of performing the functions of royalty. Tiie Prisoner and my wife perceiving me disqualified to govern the Empire, as 1 was considered dead ; they entered into an alliance, to abrogate all the imperial laws against idolatry. They summoned a Council at Nice, in B^inia, restored the worship of Images, and denounced severe punishments against such as maintained that God was the only object of religious wor- ship. The other enormities of the flagitious Irene, and her deserved fate, I need not state to the Court. Childeric King of France, Sworn. Q. Did not the Prisoner at the bar, under pretext that he was Christ's Vicar, depose you and place another person on your throne ? A. He did. Ixi the year 751, when he called himself Pope Zachary I. Vicar of Christ, &c. Q. Will you relate to the Court some of the leading particulars of that tr msaction ? A. In the year I befot-e noticed, one Pepin who was mayor, aspired to the throne, and in an as- sembly by him collected, proposed the design of dethroning his sovereign. It was then agreed, TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 49 that the Homnn PontlfT should be first consulted, and accord iiiji;' I y an airdvissador was sent by Pepin to Rome, with the lollowiig question : "Whether the divine law, did not permit a valiant and war- like people to dethrone a pusillanimous and indolent monarch, who was incapable of* discharg- ing any of the functions of royalty, and to substi- tute in his place, one more worthy to Fvile, and who had already rendered most important services to the state ?"* The Prisoner then decreed Pepin to be King of France, and as soon as the decision of the Pope was published in France, I was stript of royalty, Pepin ascended the throne, and was anointed by his Legate at Soissons. Soon after this the Prisoner assumed the title of Pope Stephen II., when he came into France to solicit assistance to fight against the Lombards. He then dissolved the obligation of the oath of allegiance, that Pepin had sworn to me, and which he had violated by his usurpation. And to render his crown pretend- edly sacred, he anointed him a second time, with his wife and two sons. Pepin in return, fought for the Prisoner with a numerous army against the Lombards, and in the year following estab- lished him as a temporal Prince. f Q. Do j^ou recollect in what year the Prisoner came into France and anointed Pepin ? A. In the year 754. Q. Then, he never was properly established as * See " Bossuet Defens. declerationis Cleri Gallicani," Part 1. p. 225, &c. Mosh. Eccl. Hist, f Car. Sigonius, de regno Ita.is. lib. iii. p. 202. torn. ii. op. 50 TRIAL OF ANI'ICIIRIST. a tcmjioral Priru^c till llio ycur of (-ur T.oid TT).'). Ami lie oi;laiii('cl both lii.s .>^|)iiit(i:il iiiid tciii|,(ll ? A. lie nc'V( r \vjis owned as a Iciriporul rriiice till the year 755, and niter tliiit, he ciiriird two * swords, to signiiy botii his lenv^trial and cilestial power, which lie had blended together. ILniy IV. Emperor, sworn. Q. Have you any knowledge ol' the Prisoner at the bar? A. I have, I have reason to know him ; and so have many thousands. When I knew him he was called Pope Gregory YII. . Q. What authority did he arrogate over you as Christ's Vicegerent on Earth ? A. He claimed the power of appointing all persons to ecclesiastical dignities, wliile my sub- jects were to support them within my en)['ire, at a very heavy expense. From a prevailing custom Emperors and Kings had long considered them- selves empowered to act independently in this case, and appoint whom they thought pro[)er. I refused to give up my right as Empeior, and he persisted in the most insolent manner to demand my submission. Had the German Princs seccnded my claim, it is more than probable, he would have been compelled to desist from his demands. Put, as nearly all Germany were then his devoted slaves, and civil discord divided the Empire, the imperious Pontiff ordered me to repair to Kome immediately, and clear myself of various crimes laid to my charge. I TIUAL or ANTICIIRfrfT. 51 1 ■ I I iibsoliitcly rofu-ed to (»h(^v his summons, hut .'issomblcd .'i CoiuumI of Ccrmaii liishc^ps at Woiiiis. In'toiu; this Council the I'risoncr was charged Justly, witli sevrral luigitious pi-acticis, deposed iVom his I'ontilicate, of wiiich lie was declared uuwurtliy. lie no sooner received in- Ibrmtition ot what was dont; at ^V'o^nls, but with all tlie violence possihie, ho lhiind(M"ed out his Anatlienias ou my he-id, to exclude me iVom Iho throne, and absolve all my suhjccts I'roui theii: oath ofallegiance to me, as their lawi'ul Sovercigii, This ho did in the name ol' tlie A'icar of Christ and Piince over all A'ations, and no terms arc sutiicient to express the cotiiplicatee scenes of misery that arose through the war which then took j)Iace, between the Civil and Ecclesiastical powers. The Suabian chiefs, with Duke Rodolph at their head, then revolted from me ; and the Saxon Princes followed their examj)le. These united Powers were requested by the Prisoner to elect a new Em[)cror; Jind accordingly they met alTribur in the year 107G, to take counsel together. The result of this meeting was, the case being referred to the Pj'isoner, he was to be invited to a Congress at Augsburgh. To various rigorous conditions imposed on me they ad led, that I must forfeit the Kingdom, if, within the s})ace of a year I was not restored to the bosom of the Church, and delivered from the Anathemas that lay on my head. When things came to this extremity, and grew worse ant worse every day, I was advised to go 52 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. into Italy and implore in person, the clemency of the lioman PontilT. I yielded to the ignominous counsel, passed the Alps amidst the rigour of a severe winter, and arrived in the month of Feb- ruary, 1077. Immediately I repaired to the for- tress of Canusium, where the Prisoner, as the pre- tended sanctimonious Vicar of Ulirist, at that time resided, with a young woman named Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, and the most powerful patro- ness of his church. At the entrance of this for- tress I stood three days in the open air, without the least regard paid by the Prisoner to my situation. My feet were bare, my head uncovered, and my only raiment was a wretched piece of coarse woollen cloth, which was thrown over my body to cover my nakedness. On the fourth day I was admitted into the pre- sence of the lordly Pontiff, who with much difE- culty granted me absolution, but he refused to re- store me to the throne till the congress met. After this my eyes being enlightened to discover much of his wickedness, I opposed him with force of arms to the utmost of my power. I therefore was, by him excommunicated a second time, and Rodolph was declared lawful Emperor. My arms how- ever were yet victorious ; I slew Rodolph in bat- tle and took the Pope prisoner. Bui being betrayed by my own son, I was compelled to resign my crown. nasilaus II., King of Poland, sworn. Q. Do you recollect the Prisoner at the bar, A. I do very well. TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 53 ' Q. Wiiat name do you know liim by ? A. 15y the name of Pope Gregory Vll. Q. Did lie ever presume to usurp authority over you in Pohind 1 A. He did. I was legally elected to the throne by tiie Nobles of Poland, and as regularly crowned. IJut some time after, through the death of one of his Bishops, the Prisoner not only excommuni- cated me with all the circumstances of infamy that he could invent, but also hurled me from the throne, dissolved the oath of allegiance which my subjects had taken, and by an express and impe- rious edict, prohibited the Nobles and Clergy of Poland from elcctinji a new Kini; without his consent.* Leopold^ Duke of Austria, sworn. Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar excommuni- cate and anathematize you, claiming that author- ity as Christ's Vicegerent on earth? A. He did ; he assumed the same power over me as over all princes, arrogating to himself this authority as the Vicar of Christ. Q. What name did he go by when you knew him ? A. By the name of Pope Cdesdne III., he went by that name, almost at the clo.se of the twelfth century. Henry VI. Emperor, sworn. Q. Were you not excommunicated and con- demned by the Prisoner, at the same time with Leopold Duke of Auf?tria ? • See Dlugoflsi, Hist. I't'lcn. torn. i. p. 295. '<<: 54 TIUAL OF ANTICIITIST. A. I was. The Prisoner at the bnr hnd sent llichfird \. King of FinL;;I;iii(], to light for him in llie Holy Land. Hut on hs retui'nini; ii')nie, Lrnpo/d 'dud I .seized and made him prisoner. The consequence w;»s, we were both excommunicated together. Q. Did he do it in the name of the VLur of Christ ? A. He did. A/p'ionso X. King of Gahcia and Leon, sworn. Q. Did not the Prisoner at the bar excommu- nicate and anathematize you, by the name of Pope Celesline m.f. A. He did , it was en account of a marriage into wiiich I had entered. John, King of England, sworn. Q. Of what ndigion are you ? A. I have long professed the Roman Catholic religion, though I have differed much from the Prisoner, on account of his base conduct towards me. Q. Will you relate to the Court what you know of the Pi'isoner's assumed authority over you, as the Vicar of Christ, mce, escaped, first to Catalonia and afterwards to Perpignan, but did not relinquish his pretension to the Popedom. A plan of reconcilialion was, however, formed, 64 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. and the two contmiJing Pontiffs bound thomsclvcs, each by an oatli, to inako a voluntary renunciation of th(5 papal chair, if necessary for the peace and welfare of the chureli. This agreement they both violated in the most scandalous manm'T. Eight or nine Cardinals deserted Benedict^ on account of liis place of residence, and united themselves to the others who es[)oused the claim of the Pri- soner, when they agreed to assemble a council in Pisa, on the ^oth oi' Miirc/i, 1409. This assembly accordingly met, on the 5tli of June pronounced a heavy sentence of condemnation on both their names, for being gnilty of htresy, perjury, and vari' IS crimes. They also declared them un- worthy of the smallest honor or respect. But, however strange it may appear to the Court, tliey proceeded to elect the Prisoner, by a new title known in the papal list, by the name of Pope Miuiln V., which, so far from promoting peace in the Empire, divided the people into three divisions and hurled all Europe into confusion. The King of France and several other Princes labored with me to restore tranquillity, I requested the Prisoner to call a council, who having, in about a year, assumed the appellation ( f Pope John XXIII., he consented, and accordingly issued out his summons to meet at Constance in the month of November, 141 4. Before the meeting of this council, there were great commotions in several parts of Europe, but more especially in Bohemia, about religion. There was one John Huss, once a Priest under TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 05 the PrisoiKM*, anti Protessor of Divinity in llin Uni- versity oi Prague, \vlu> preachrd witli m'cat free- dom iiGjaiiist the siipremaoy, «^ovenimi.'nt, vices, and wicivedness of the Prisoner and his CU'rp:y, against whom ho manifested the firmest oppcjsilion lie was a man of the highest reputation, for tiie purity of his doctrine and life, so that no other charge could be brought to oppose iiini but liis opposition to the Prisoner's autliority. 'i'he Arch- bishop o( Prague and the Clergy in general were so greatly incensed, that they brought an accusa- tion against him before the prisoner, and he Wan excommunicated in the year J 4 10 Huss, however, continued to preach in ♦^e same manner, and many embracing his doctr ne, he was ordered to repair to the Council at Cnn- slancc, to answer tc* the charges brougiit against him. I knew well that his appearance would be attended with danger to his person, as I was con- fident that he had many enemies to encounter with. I therefore granted him a safe conduct to Constance, security while he continued there, and every protection on his return, on his consenting to attend; all of which I promis- d m the most solemn manner. He obeyed the summons, and vindicated his conduct before tlie Council in a manner that greatly surprised his adversaries. But he was declared to be an lierelic, was cast into prison, and condemned to be burnt. I pleaded my solemn promise to secure him from injury, but it was overruled ; when, to satisfy my guilty con- science, and remove every impediment out of the GO TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. ■I , wav in future, ,i law was framfid, that Faith must not bii kept with kerelics.* lie was there tore burnt on the 0th of July, ltl5. Q. Was ther^ not another also condemned by the saine Council, Jina burnt at tho same i»!ac'e ?, A. Yes. liis name was Jernne of Prague John IIuss s ct)m|)anion and friend, who accom- ])anied hiai to Cotstancn^ with th;^ desij^n of sup- portin;]^ his pjrsec red friend. He was Lurnt on the 30; h of Mny following. Q. Did you violate your oath, b: cause that Council, or nbellious Conv-ention, ft)rmed that in- famous decree, in the name of the V^icar of Christ ? A. I confess I was awfully deluded. I knew nothing of the laws and statutes of the Sovereign of heaven, They were hid by his Priests from me. Could I only have seen the consequences that followed, it is more than probable I should never have violated mj'^ promise, as a civil war was kindled ; and the Bohemlin . revolting, main- tained and defended their o^ inions, by arms as well as arguments. Q. As you was present at that council, or dis- afFect(>d fissembh', will you relate to the court what you know of the reasons why the Prisoner ch.-injnd his name durina; the time the council sat 1 A. When he yielded to my entreaty as I before noticed, he summoned the council, by the name of Po])e John XXIIl., but after the assembly met, they decreed that the names of Hciicdict XII., Gregory XUI., antl John XXlil. should be branded TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 67 witli infjimy and contempt, especially the one by which the council was collected, (or havino; amoni^ other things laid to his charge, maintained opeidy anci obstinatel}', that the souls ol' men die as the sonls of bcasLs; and that thire is neither heaven nor hell.* It was then ai^reed that the Prisoner should be elected by a new and better title, which was done accordingly, and he assumed that of Pope Martin V., Vicar of Christ, and Prince of the Apostles. And I confess that, being deluded by him, I kneeled down, kissed his feet, and wor- shipj)ed him. Q. Do you recollect his sending ambassadors to Constanlinoph by this name, witii some parti- cular instructions ? A. I do. Q. Do you know the Prisoner's hand-writing 1 A. I do. A. Did you ever ses this paper before ? (A paper pro«lticed to this witness.) A. 1 have ; it was written by the Prisoner, by the name of Pope Martin V. The paper was then read ; it was the instruc- tions of the ambassadors sent to Constantinople ; the beginning of which will show the impiety and leave no doubt on the minds of anv, if he had usurped the dignity and titJes of our beloved So- vereign or not. It was as follows — "The IMosT Holy and Most Blksskd, who hath the Heavenly ICmpire, who is Lfum on earth, the Master of tub Umversai. Woiu-d, th(^ FArnKRof * See Council of Coiistancc, Seas. XI. I OS TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. ti 11 f': I; i Kings, the Light of the World, the Most High AND Sovereign Bishop, Mai. tin, by the divine providence, coniniandeth unto Master Anthony Mason, &c„ &c." HcM'e the people appeared filled with indigna- tion, and were so irritated, that the court could not proceed for several minutes. And it is pro- bable the Prisoner would have been dragged from the dock, and have become the object of the vin- dictive rage of the populace, but for tiie Lord Chief Justice, who, a'ter obtaining silence, ob- served, that however hideous and numerous the oflences of the Prisoner might be, it was just that he should have a fair and legal trial. Mr. Historical Truth again called. Q. Do you know the hand-writing of the Pri- soner, by the name of Pope Mar! in V ? A. T am well acquainted with it. Q. Is this his writing ? (Here it was shown him.) A. It is. Q. (PVom a Juror.) Did you ever see it printed ? A. I have. It is inserted in the Council of Siena, held a little after, and was printed in Paris^ in th^ year 1612. Lewis XII., King of France, sworn. Q. Look at the Prisoner at the bar. Have you been acquainted with him ? A. I have been acquainted with him. He lived at ]{ome when I knew him, and was called Pope Julius II., Vicar of Christ and Prince of the Apostles. TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. C9 Q. Dul he not by this name assume a military appearance, stiid look more like a Warrior than a Priest ? A. He did ; his delight was in carnage and blood. Q. Was it to support his usurped authority he became a warrior 1 A. The reason he appeared as a military Pontiff was not only to support what power and author- ity he had unjustly acquired, but to extend his territories and government over all nations and kingdoms, agreeably to his title, Prince over all Nations and Kingdoms. Q. Will you relate to the court what you recol- lect of his character and -conduct, as the pretended Vicegerent of Christ ? A. When I first became acquainted with him I understood that it was common for him every few years, if not weeks, to assume a new title. He, therefore, had been known by apiodigious number of names before he went by that oi' Julius II. By this name he was guilty of the most odious vices too detestable to be named, but which he com- mitted without the least limitation or restraint. To his truly horrid list of vice, I must add the most savage ferocity, audacious arrogance, and the most extravagant passion for war. He, there- fore, lived in camps, amidst the din of arms, and was ever ambitious for that fame which is acquired from battles won and cities laid desolate. The Prisoner had kept a standing army, to fight his battles, from the year 1054, when he was 70 TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. known by the name of Pope Leo IX., and often laid lowiis and villages in ruin.s ufid deluged na- tions in iiunian gore. By the name oi' Ji/litts, he entered on his military enterprise by declaring war against the Venetians, and being strengthened by the Emperor, in alli- ance with me, he afterwards laid siege to Ferara. After this he turned his arms against France, and engaged the Venetians, Spaniards, and Swiss, to support him in this campaign. In short, the whole time he went by this name, was one con- tinual scene of military tumult, nor did he allow Europe to enjoy a moment's iranquillity Q,. Did you not endeavor to check his military career, and set bounds to his ambition, after the alliance was brolren between you and him 1 A. I did. For, although 1 had been deluded into his religious opinions, and was considered a Roman Catholic, yet, provoked by this arrogant Pontiff, I resolved to turn my ai,:is against him, and, if possible, overthrow the power of Rome. That my design might be clearly understood, I ordered a medal to be struck with a menacing in- scription, representing Rome by the title of Baby- lon on the coin. Several Cardinals, also, encouraged by the pro- lection of the Emperor Maximilian I. and me, assembled a Council at Pisa in the year 1511, with the design of setting bounds to the Prisoner, so formidable by this warlike name. He, on the other hand, gave orders for a Council to meet in the palace of the LaUran in the year 1512, in TRIAL OF ANTICFiniST. 71 which (he decrees or the Council of Pisa were Ciiuleiuned niid annulled in the most injurious and insuking terms. He !,l\e\vi;:e picpared to proclaim Ids usurped power as the Vjcar oi" Chi ist, and tliunder out the most dire and tremendous analhi'inas on my head, hut wliieh he had scarce! v acconjj)iished, before he was compelled to change this audacious name, in th n idst of his ambi- tious and vindictive career.* Henry VIII., King of England, sworn, Q. Are you the same King Henry that received from the Prisoner the title oi Defender of the Faith? A. I am. Q. How came he to bestow on you that title ? A. At the time I owned his supremacy in Eng- land, I wrote a book against Luther and tiie Refor- mation in Germany. This I published in the year 1521, with intent to defend the power and govern- ment of the Uoman Pontiff. He then in return gave me the title, which lias been used from that day. Q. Did he not after this, anathematize, excom- municate and deprive you lor rejecting his supre- macy in England 1 A. He did. Being instructed in the principles of popery, I constantly looked to the Prisoner's absolving power, and unlimited indulgences. In the year 1533, 1 published a divorce with Queen Catharine, and married Anna Boleyn, without his consent : not but he would have granted my re- * Sec Father Taul's Hist. Council Trent, p. 3. Mosh. Ecc. Hist. i 72 TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. li t I I quest, however crimijial in its nature, but for tlie fear of displensing the Emperor of Germany, to wl Calhai th 'i was aunt. Tiie Prisoner gave judgment against me, not for doing what I did, but for doing it without his authority as Vicar of Christ. This proved the cause of my separation from him, for in the beginning of the year 1534, 1 issued out an edict, rejecting his supremacy, forbidding any of my subjects to carry any money to Home, or pay the Peter'' s pence, (a common tax laid on countries that acknowdedge the Koman J'ontiff 's authority.) I soon after chased out of England, all the collectors of this lax, and otherwise injured the coffers of the Prisoner at the bar. Q. What name did the Prisoner go by then ? A. By the name of Pope Clement Vil. After- wards Pope Paul III. By this name he issued out his thunderbolt of excommunication, to deprive me of the kingdom, all my subjects of whatever they possessed, and to anathematize all my adhe- rents. He also commanded all my subjects to deny me obedience, strangers to take up arms agaist me and my people, promising all who did, our property for a prey, and our persons for slaves. Q. In what year was this Bull issued. A. On the 17th of December, in the year 1538. Joan, Queen of Navarre, sworn. Q. Did not the Prisoner at the bar persume to arrogate authority over you as Vicar of Christ on earth? A. He did. During the sitting of the Conncil ' * TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 73 5S. )S. of Trent, ho frequently designed to accuse me as a favorer of heretics, but as he met with some opposition from the Emperor's Ambassadors in the case of Queen Elizabeth of England, he omitte'^* to bring the cause into the Council : but in the year I5G3, he caused a citation to be affixed on the gate of St. Peter's Church in Rome, and other public places, against me. Ordered me within six months to appear before his tribunal, to defend myself and show cause why I should not be de- prived of all my dignities, states and dominions; my marriage made void, and my children illegiti- mate. And also incurred other penalties, declared by the canon against heretics. He was then called Pope Pius IV. I did not obey his orders, the King of France protected me.* Elizabeth, Queen of England, sworn. Q. Are you not Queen of England ? A. lam. I was crowned ii en after the death of my cruel half-sister Many, in the year 1558. Q. Did the Prisoner at the bar exercise any authority over you as the pretended vicar of Christ ? A. He did. I had seen so much of the tyranny and cruel conduct of the Prisoner during the reign of Mary, that I could not but detest both his name and government. However, my sister's ambas- sador being yet at Rome, he was ordered to make it known that I had ascended to the throne. The Prisoner, then called Pope Paul IV., ac- jil * Council of Trent, p. 794. 74 TRTAL OF ANTICHRIST. I cording to his usual arrogance, declared that England was held in fee to the Apostolic Sro of Rome, and J could not succeed, as he had, by the name of Clement Vll. and Faul III., declared mo illegitimate. He also asserted, that it was great boldness in me to assume the government of England without his consent ; but said, that as he was always desirous to show a fatherly alfection, if I would renounce my pretensions, and leave it entirely to him, he would do all he could for me with honor to the Apostolic See. I treated his pretended fatherly affection with that contempt it merited. The Parliament met. All the laws made by Mary in favor of the Popish religion were abolished. I'he Prisoner's Suprem- acy denied ; Images taken out of the churches, and the revenues arising from monasteries under the power of Rome, forfeited to the nation. 1 was then considered a heretic, yet such was his dis- sembling conduct, that in the year 1560, he invi- ted me and my Bishops to attend the Council of Trent. This he did when he was called by the name of Pope Pius IV.* After this he grew outrageous, and would have proceeded against me in this Council, in the year 1563, but was prevented by the ambassadors of the Emperor. However he issued out his Bull to ana- thematize and excommunicate me and to deprive me of my Crown, Dominions and Title, and to absolve all my subjects from their allegiance. * See Council of Trent, p. 436. TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 75 He also pretended to raise Irekind to an In- dependent Kingdom, and many other things highly prejudicial to the British Nation. He issued out his Bulls in the name of the Vicar of Christ, Prince over all Nations and Kingdoms, and arrogated authority both in heaven and earth. Q. Did he change his name again, after he had assumed that of Pope Pius I V ? A. Yes ; several times. His Bull to deprive me, was signed by the name of Pope Pius v., and alterwards by that of Pope Gregory XIII. Henry III., King of France, sworn. Q. Are you Henry III., Sovereign of France, who was assassinated by one of the Prisoner's emissaries called a Monk ? A. I am. The Monk's name was Clement, Q. When did you ascend the throne of France 1 A. On the deith of my brother, who is known in history by the name of the sanguinary Charles IX. I had, previous to my ascension to the crown of France, been chosen King of Poland, but hear- ing of my brother's death, 1 with difficulty escaped to France, and quietly took possession of the throne, by the name oi Henry III. Q. Were you not King, when what was called the Holy League was (orrned by several Princes under the government of the Prisoner, to attempt to annihilate the people called Hugonots from off the face ol the earth, and at the head of whom was ro TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. I'H that noted agent of the Prisoner, who spilt rivers orhuman bloorl, the Duke of Guise ?* A. I was. I remember tha league called the Holy League, and recollect the infamous conduct of the Duke of Guise. Q. Were you not suppf>sed to favor the Hugo- nots or Proteijtants, in opposition to the orders of the Prisoner, and the league of the Princes 1 A. Yes ; and the consequence was, one Clement, a Monk, under the authority of the Prisoner, assas- sinated me in the year 1589. And the common report throughout Europe was, that I died of the wound. Q. Do you believe that what this Priest did was by th'j order of, and with the Prisoner's approbation ? A. I do believe it, for when he was known by the title of Pope Sixtus V. he delivered a famous oration, in which he applauded this act of the Monk as both admirable and meritorious. ■] Henry JV., King of France, sworn. Q. Did You succeed Henry HI. to the throne of France ? A. I did. Q. Did not the Prisoner at the bar manifest * Historiiiiis iutbrm U3, that in the civil wars on account of religion, above 1,000,000 of lives were lost; 150,000,000 livres spent ; and 9 cities, 400 villages, 2,000 churches, 2,000 monas- teries, and 10,000 houses were burnt or other.^ise destroyed.— Vide Guth. Geo., France. f See Spirit of Popery, chap, viii., and Sir R. Steele's Rom. Eccl. Hist. No. III. IV. TRIAL OF ANTlCIinST. 77 considerable opposition to you, after you came to the throne ? A. lie did. I professed to be an enemy to liis government, and lie viewed nic as a hcrclic. Tiio consequence was, I had to wade through almost innumerable difriculties, and was often driven with my little Court to the f^reatc distress lor the common necessaries of life. The Prisoner wished one of the CHrtlinais to be proclaimed King, and the Princes in league with him, (through my being considered a Ilugonot,) ap- peared ready to obey his mandate. 1 therefore had to dispute every inch of ground with their combined forces, but at last was established on the throne. Q. Were you not compelled to own the autho- rity of the Prisoner, and profess to be a Roman Catholic ? A. 1 was. I had experienced such a variety of successful and unsuccessful events, and had so many enemies to encounter wit!i, that I was led into this measure irom what was recommended to me m^ prudent, my religion being the only ob- stacle in the way to the enjoyment of the Crown of France in peace. Thus deluded, I went pub- lickly to Mass, and with great ditficulty obtained absolution from the Prisoner. This, however, pro- duced wonders emong the'people, all France sub- mitted to my sceptre, and I had only Spain to contend vi^ith ; vv^hich was soon silenced by my victorious armv. Q. Was it not supposed afterwards that your 78 TRIAL OF ANTICriRIST. r profes.sion of attaclimcnt to the Prisoner's govern- ment was not sincere, and tint you had relapsed again into heresy ? A. It was. Having re-established tranquility among my people, I caused an Edict to be pro- claimed to secure my old friends the Protestants, the free exercise of their religion, which decree, is known bv the Edict of Nantes. The Prisoner was much oflended at this, and afterwards I was assassinated in the streets of Paris, by one of his domestic servants, one Ravilllac^ a friar, in the year IGIO. A corpse was interred which all France was given to understand was mine, and from the report of this, the Prisoner supposed 1 was reaUi/ dead. James I., King of England, sworn. Q. Have you any knowledge of the Prisoner at the bar, as Pope of Rome ? A. I have. Q. By what name was he called when you knew him ? A. By several ; but when he was called Pope Clement IX. I took the most notice of him. Q. Did he not publish a Bull against you, pre- vious to your being crowned King of England, with intent to deprive you of your right to the throne ? A. He did. He well knew that when I came to the throne, I would never allow Popery to be encouraged in England, and that I would oppose his rebijUious arms whim I was established. He therefore issued out a bull, to exclude me from TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 70 my right to the crown Knglish llomaiiists 1 the Scottish Heretic and commanded all the do their utmost, t keep out he called me : and that I minin lie says, "Christ is incarnate and made ficsh in the hands of the Priest, as in the Virgin's, woml), and that Priests do create their Creator, and iiave power over the body of Christ."* Ant. — (To the last witness.) You Isave omiltcd to produce the authority, on which Father de Basse declared the power of Priests. Vou slionid have notieed that he produced a portion from the A'cw Testament, and founded iiis power on tlie Act, Malt. xvi. 18. Wit. — Hist. Truth. It is true, I did see a reference to that Act, but I think thut if it should be read, it would, if possible, make bad worse. Ant. — Let the Act be read. Lord Chief Justice. — It shall be read. The Clerk of the Crown then read the statue. Matt. xvi. 18. "And I say also unto thee, that thou art PcleVy and upon this rock I will build my church ; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it."' Loi^ Chirf Justice. — V/hat is there in this Sta- tute, to authorise either you, or your Priests to assume 3'our power, and commit rebellion against our SoiJ^reign ? Ant. — Christ said said. these words to 8t. Pefe?% and St. Peter gave this power to me at Rome. I do not consider it rebellion, when I have such authorit}'^ to act upon. * See Iiis 4th Lesson on the Canon of the Mass. 90 TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. Loud Chief Justice. — What an awful delusion you must lie under ! 'I'o suppose, that Ji^r Sove- reign Lord the King, should commission i^eter to empower you to eslablish your throne, in open rebellion against his crown and dignity ! 1 hopo you don't wish to say that Peter is a tniitor ? He is too well known in this court to be suspected of rebellion. We shall be able to prove that he never gave yo\i any commission or authority. Ant. — If he was present he would confess, that what I say is true. Court. — He is in court ; and we have no objec- tion to his being the next witness called. Simon Petji Rome; nor have I the smallest knowledge of you. I am really a stranger to your very language ; I do not under- stand what you mean either by St. Peter's Chair or Prince of the Apostles. Att. Gen. — The Apostle Peter will please to notice, that the Prisoner, when he established his throne at Rome, presumed to declare, that you re- ceived orders from our Lord the King, to invest him with power over all the world ; he therefore styled you Prince of the Apostles, and said that you sat in his chair as such. And he presumes to be your successor, the Vicar of Christ, &c. Peter — I am totally unacquainted with him and his government. I never had any such f»ower given to me by my Lord ; and as 1 never received it, he nevier could obtain it from me. Ant. — Do you remember the time when Jesus Christ said to you, "On this rock I will build my church;" and when he gave you the keys of the kingdom of heaven? Peter. — I do very well ; but w hat has that to do IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 US ^ 12.5 III u u MUU liO IL25 IHU 1^1 1.6 in. // Fhotographic Scifflioes Carporatian 4^ 1 ^C^ i\ V 23 WIST MAIN STRHT wnsTn,H.Y. USM (71«)I71-4S03 ^^> t'^ \ m I 'h': tl - \m 02 TKIAL OF ANTICHRIST. in the present case ? What mj'^ Lord said to me is one thing, and what you profess, another. Ant — I can produce a number ofi/o/y Fathers who have said that you were at Rome, and that you was the first Pope. Peteii. — All that is possible. TJut can you prove from the word of my God, from cither of my Epistles, or from any of the writings of the Apostles or Evangelists, that I ever was at Rome ? But whetlier I was tiiere or not, I am certain that my Lord never commissioned me to give you any sanction. Ant. — If the blessed Apostle St. Pflf?^ was here, he would convince you of your mistake. The Apostle Paul was next called and sworn. There was a striking likeness between him and the Apostle Peter. Q. Was you ever at Roms in Italy ? A. I w*as. I know Rome well. Mv Lord and Sovereign told me that I should testify of him there, and after a perilous voyage I landed safe. Though but a Prisoner, I was suffered to dwell two whole years in my own hired house, preaching the glorious gospd of the grace of God. I wrote several of my Epistles to the diil'erent churches from Rome, and one Epistle to a church of Christ there, and the last Epistle I ever wrote I wrote there.* Q. Do you know the Prisoner at the bar ? He has resided a long time at Rome, and professes to he intimately acquainted with you. * Acta xxiii, 11; Acta xxviii, IG, aud 28, 30, SI. TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 93 A. If he is intimately acquainted with me, I have no know lodge of it. Q. Do yoii recollect ever seeing the Apostle Peter at Rome I A. I never saw him at Rome when I was there. Had my brotlier Apostle ever been there, as I wrote so many Epistles from that place, 1 should have had frequent opportunities ot mentioning my fellow- laborer. But though I name 1 man}', 1 took no notice of him. From Rome I wrote to the churches of the Galatians, to the Ephesians, Phi- lippians, and Colossians, and also to Timothy and Philemon ; without ever once mentioninuc him, or sending any salutation from him. It must evidently aj)pear that he was not there when I wrote my Epistle to the Colossians ; for mentioning TijchicuSy Oncsitnus, Aristarchus, Marcus, and Justus, I addetl, " These alone, my fellow- workers unto the kingdom of God."* Peter was not there when I wrote my second Epistle to Timothy ; for I said, " At my first answer no man stood with me, but all forsook me.'"f Nor was he there at the time of my departure ; fori wTotc to Timothy, that all the brethren did salute him, and w^rciGiii Eabulus, Pudan', Linus, stnA Clauiia, but not Peti'r.X Now, as when I wrote from Rome, I sent no salutations from him ; so in writ- ing to Rome, though I saluted so many, he was not among the number.|| Those, therefore, who wish to make it appear that he was there, must * Col. iv, 11. f Tim iv, 16. % Tim. iv, 21. I Rom. xvi, 3, 15. 04 TRIAL or ANTICHRIST. I ! B I i ! ■I I li ! < i suppose that we lived there on very unfriendly terms. Ant. — Was not St. Peterand you both confined together in one prison. Several of the Fathers have proved it. Even many Protestants say that you were at Rome. Paul. — What I have said is sufficient to answer all that Fathers or others have said. I have no doubt but they have said it ; but I am sure they have not proved it. However, you have without doubt lived at Home, though 1 never saw you per- sonally there; but from the description my Lord gave me of the Man of Sin, and his awful char- acter, I mus'j conclude that thou art the man. I therefore warned the people of your approach, in several of my Epistles. Court. — (To theApostle Paul) Did the Apostle Peter claim any supremacy over any of his fellow Apostles, or over you ? Paul. — No : when I disputed with I him, I evi- denced that no such notion was entertained by me. Q. Did you ever hear of his being called Prince of the Apostles, Vicar of Christ, His Holiness the Pope, Prince over all Nations, God on Earth, &c. ? A. Surely no. The Apostle Peter was better taught of our Lord, than to presume to arrogate such titles and oflfer such indignity to the Lord of Heaven. Q. Did he ever adorn himself in Pontifical vestments of the greatest splendor, and wear a mitre or tripple crown bedecked with diamonds, sapphires, emeralds, chrysolites, jaspers, and all # « TftlAL OF ANTICHRIST. 05 manner of prtcious stones ; such as the Prisoner now wears ^ A. No. I never saw a greater contrast than that between a disciple of Jesus and the Prisoner, in every respect ! Q. Did you ever hear of a College of Cardinals being established, while you was in Judea or Borne ? A. Never. I am quite a stranger to the name. Q. Did you ever hear of the Apostle Peter col- lecting annually from all nations he could, a tax called Peter's pence? A. Never. The passage was now cleared to make room for a considerable number of other witnesses, chiefly martyrs, who made a most brilliant and magnificent apped,rance. Several witnesses ex- amined were withdrawn on this occasion, as the contrast was so very striking, that what filled the court with pleasure, struck some of them with additional terror. The Prisoner himself also ap- peared for the first time to change countenance, though but little, as he evidently was completely hardened through the deceitfulness of sin. Most in court supposed that the witnesses came from the celestial city in Upper Sakm, They appeared intimately acquainted with the two Apostles, and their interview was peculiarly gratifying to the whole court. The Apostles joined the martyred witnesses, and Mr. Historical Truth stood near them, being a very essential witness. 9C TRIAL or ANTICHRIST. I Peter de Bruis sworn. Q. Did you not once act under the Prisoners' authority 1 A. I did. But when it pleased our Most Gra- cious Sovereign to show me my error, and grant me pardon, I rejected liis authority, and sworo allegiance to our Sovereign Lord the Kino:. This I did while I lived in France, in the twelith cen- tury. Afterwards it pleased our Sovereign to engage me in his service. I therefore preached' for several years in France what my Lord had taught me from his word. I preached the fulness and freeness of our King's Grace, in opposition to the Prisoner's theatrical mass, merits of good works, prayers for the dead, and venerating crosses and images. Q. Did the Prisoner usurp authority over you, to oppose the doctrines revealed in the Scriptures 1 A. He did. He presumed authority as the Vicegerent of Christ, to burn or destroy all those who rejected his government. I, therefore, with one Henry, who preached the same truth, were seized by the Prisoner's orders, and condemned as two heretics and traitors to his kingdom. Henry, that he called my disciple, was imprisoned for mortal life, and I burnt in a fire, till he con- cluded I was dead. I suppose he never expected, after reporting T was consumed to ashes, that I was alive, and should appear a living witness against hi n this day, Arnold of Brescia^ Preacher, Sworn, Q. Did you live at the city of Rome, where the Prisoner has resided for many years ? TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 97 A. I did. I recollect seeing him there. Q. Did you not reject decidedly his authority ? A. I did. I publicly declared the danger of all such as lived and died under his government, in rebellion against our Sovereign Lord and Ever- lasting King. Q. What were the consequences that followed T A. I was dragged to his bar at Rome, condemned as a hereliCf and publicly burnt in the year 1155, as was supposed to death, because some ashes, said to be mine, that were found in the fire after my deliverance were cast into the Tyher; but my King took me to live with him in his own country. Alba Gerald the Waldense, sworn. Q. Did you and about thirty more come into England as persecuted WaldenseSf about the year of our Lord 1160? A. I did; and about that number came with me, to escape, if possible, the rage and cruelty of the Prisoner at the bar. Previous to my coming into England, I lived with a considerable number in the Valley fi of Piedmonty who had long refused to submit to own the Papal power. He then, by every instrument of destruction in his power either slaughtered or scattered these people, and I, with my companions were driven from place to place on the continent, till we embarked for England. Q. Did the Prisoner pursue you to England ? A. He did. After I came there, I labored to bring some back from their rebellious ways to the obedience of the laws of Jesus, the consequence E ' I 1 98 TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. *n h\ was, I with those who came with me were taken to prison, by order of King Henry II. who tlien acted as agent for the Prisoner. We were all brought before an assembly of his Bishops at Ox- ford, when being asked who we were ? I answered, " We are Christians, that hold the doctrines of the Apostles." After further examination, we refused to own the Pope's Supremacy, or to obey his laws. We were then declared heretics, and condemned as such to be punished. We were then burnt with hot irons in the forehead, as heretics, and whipt through the streets of Oxford ; but we were enabled to rejoice for being accounted worthy to suffer for our King's sake. There being no law then in England, to burn herdics to death, the Prisoner commanded, that none should presume to receive us into their houses or grant us the smallest comfort of life, so that we might perish with hunger and cold, as enemies to his government. This they considered as carried into effect, but our beloved Sovereign only removed us to a more delightful country. Mr. Historical Truth, again examined. Q. Are you acquainted with the Prisoner's con- duct to the people called Waldenses ? A. I am ; and so is Eur6pe. They have been distinguished by various appellations. The first name they were called by was Vallenses ; so saith one of the oldest writers of their lives, Ehrard of Bethune, who wrote in the year 1212, " They call themselves Vallenses» because they abide in the valley of t^ars/' alluding to their situation in TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 09 Valleys of Piedmont. They were also called AlhU genscs, fVom Alba a city in the southern part of France, where a great number resided. Tiiey were afterwards denominated Valdenses or Wal- denses, from one I'eter Valdo or Waldo an opulent citizen of Lyons, and one of the most active of these people. And from Lyons, its ancient name being Leona, they were called Leonists. From all the remains of their writings, and the testimony even of their most violent enemies, it will appear that they maintained the following principles : " That, the holy Scriptures is the only rule of Faith and Practice — Christ Jesus the only Sovereign Head and Lawgiver of His Church — Salvation by Christ alone — The Pope Antichrist— The Church of Home, the Whore of Babylon — Masses, impious — Purgatory, an invention of men Monkery, a stinking carcass — Invoking of dead Saints, idolatry — The Host, an idol, and so many orders of the Roman Clergy, so many marks of the Beast." In the beginning of the thirteenth century, nry had spread so i'ar, and were so fast encreasii g every day, the Prisoner thought proper to exert his utmost efforts to suppress them. For this pur- pose war, or what he called a holy crusade, was proclaimed against them, and the office of InquU si Hon erected ; the one to subdue their bodies, and the other to enslave their souls. It is enough to make the blood run cold, to hear of the horrid murders and devastations of this time, and of the number of these poor people, who were sacrificed 100 TRIAL or ANTICHRIST. to the blind fury and malice of the Prisoner. It is computed, that in France alone there were slain a million of these people, and yet, this was inade- quate to satisfy his internal desire. I will just notice the testimc.iy of ThuanuSf a Priest under the Prisoner's government, and who is considered a historian of repute. He says, ** Against the Waldenses, when exquisite punish- ments availed little, and the evil was exasperated by the remedy which had been unseasonably ap- plied, and their number encreased daily : at length complete armies were raised ; and a war of no less weight than what our people had before waged against the Saracens, was decreed against them : the event of which was, that they were rather slain, put to flight, spoiled every where of their goods and dignities, and dispersed here and there than that convinced them of their error they re- pented. So that they fled into Provence and the neighboring Alps of the French territory, and found shelter for their lives and doctrine in those places. Part withdrew into Calabria, part passed into Germany, and fixed their abode among the Bohemians, and in Iceland and Livonia. Others turning to the west, obtained refuge in Hritain."* In these wars, when the rebels under the com- mand of the Prisoner took the city of Beziers, they put to the sword, above 60,000 persons, among whom were many of their own profession, the Pope's Legate crying out, " Kill them all, for the Lord knoweth them that are his !''t * Thuanus in Praef. ad Henry IV. f Pet. Hist. Alb. c. 17, &c. .! TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 101 Cross-examined by Counsellor Quibble. Q. Do you not recollect the many abominable heresies and vices the Waldenscs were charged with ? A. What they were charged with by those who were totally unacquainted with them, I do not consider worth notice. The Prisoner always pretended to find all guilty of heresy who were enemies to his authority; but to prove my state- ment to be just, I will produce three of the most respectable Roman Catholic authors, who have written in defence of the Prisoner at the bar. The first I will name is Reinerius Sacco, whose testimony is the most remarkable, as he was of the order of the Dominicans, and Inquisitor Gene- ral about the year 1254. This cruel Inquisitor, who exerted such a furious zeal for the destruction of the Waldenses, lived about eighty years after Valdo of Lyons, and must therefore be supposed from his horrid employment to know their real character. He said "Among all the sects which still are, or have been, there is not any more pernicious to the church than that of the Leonists, And this for three reasons, the first is, because it is older, for some say that it hath endured from the time of Pope Sylvester ; others, from the time of the Apostles. The second, because it is more general, for there is scarce any country where this sect is not. The third, because when all other sects begat horror in the hearers by the outrageousness of their blasphemies against God, this of the Leonists hath a great shew of '' II 102 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. piety ; because they live justly before men, and believe all thinj^s rightly concerning God, and all the articles which are contained in the Creed ; only they blaspheme the Church of Rome and the Clergy, whom the multitude of the Laity is easy to believe." Tlie credit of Thuanus, as a Historian, has been always admitted by those under the govern- ment of the Prisoner, and he was wise enough to distinguish between their real opinions and those falsely imputed to them. He gave this account of them: — '^ Peter Valdo, a wealthy citizen of Lyons, about the year 1170, gave name to the Valdenses. He (as Guy Perjngnon, Bishop of Elna in Roussilion, who exercised the ofHce of Inquisitor against the Valdenses, hath left testified in writing) leaving his house and goods, devoted himsslf wholly to the profession of the Gospel, and took care to have the writings of the Prophets and Apostles translated into the vulgar tongue. — When in a little time he had many followers, he sent them forth, as his disciples, into all parts to propagate the gospel." — Their fixed opinions were said to be these : " That the Church of Rome, because she hath renounced the true faiih of Christ, is the Whore of Babylon ; and that barren tree which Christ himself hath cursed and com- manded to be rooted up ; therefore, we must by no means obey the Pope, and the Bishops who cherish his errors. That the Monostic-life is the sink of the Church, and a hellish institution : its vows are vain, and subservient only to the filthy TRIAL or ANTICHRIST. 108 1(1 ill d; he tsy love of boys ; the orders of the Presbytery are the marks of the Great Beast, whicli is mentioned in the Apocaiyps : the Fire of Purgatory, the Sacri- fice of the Mass, the Feasts of the Dedications of Churches, the Worship of Saints, and the Pro- pitiation for the Dead are inventions of Satan. To these the principal and certain heads of their doctrine, others were feigned and added, concern- ing Marriage, the Resurrection, the State of the Soul after Death, and concerning Meats." I shall not repeat the testimony of Mezeray the celebrated historiographer of France, which tl^ough short, is full to the purpose. He said, that ** they had almost the same opinions as those who are now called Calvinists." If therefore, any of these Roman Catholic writers had known the crimes of these persecuted people, surely they would have revealed them. Q. From the Court. Did the Prisoner, through the instrumentality of such as acted by his autho- rity, circulate a variety of false reports to excite Princes to destroy them, on account of their un- natural and shocking figure ? A. Yes. So extravagant were some in attempt- ing to describe their persons to Philip, Duke of Savoy, that he was induced to examine into the truth of the reports, principally with a view of gratifying his sight, by witnessing such extraor- dinary monstrous beings. He therefore ordered some of their children- to be brought from the valleys to satisfy himself, whether they were not 104 TBIAL OF ANTICHRIST. i ; ! born with Black Throats, Shaggy Manes and Four Rows of Teeth, as described.* The Clerk of the Crown then read extracts from three Rebel Proclamations, or Popes' Bulls published by order of the Prisoner. " On pain of anathema, let no man presume or land, or exercise traffic with them." Canon of the Council of Lateran, Pope Alex- ander 111. On pain of the same curse, *' No man should presume co receive or assist them, or not so much as to hold any communion with them, in selling, or buying, that being deprived of the comforts of humanity, they may be compelled to repent of the error of their ways." Synod of Tours in France, Pope Alexander III. In like manner, " Permit not the heretics to have houses in your districts, or enter into con- tracts, or carry on commerce, or enjoy the comforts of humanity with Christians." Bull of Pope Martin V, after the Council of Constance. Walter Lollard^ sworn. Q. Was you a preacher of the gospel in Ger- many, about the year of our Lord, 1315 ? A. Yes. According to the abilities the Lord was pleased to give me, I preached the glorious gospel of the ever-blessed God. Q. Have you been acquainted with the Pri- soner at the bar ? A. I have. I knew him when I preached the * Ifoderu Uoiversal History, vol. 84. p. 485. TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 105 gospel in Germany, and I testified against him there, as I was convinced he was Antichrist^ the enemy of my Lord's person and government. I therefore rejected his traitorous authority, and the superstitions ceremonies of his rebelHous society : But the consequence was, I was taken by his order, underwent an examination before several of his agents, and was condemned as a heretic to be burnt to death. He therefore consigned me to the flames, in the year 1322, and according to report, I was consumed to ashes. John Wickliff, Sworn. Q, Are you a native of England ? A. I am. I was once a priest under the Pri- soner's authority, was called Professor of Divinity at Oxford, and afterwards Rector of Lutterworth. In the year of our Lord, 1360 a number of Men- dicant Friars, wiio were delegated by the Prisoner to support his government, came into England. Their scandalous embassy I despised. I defended the statutes and priviliges of the University of Oxford against all the orders of the Mendicants, and threw out some reproofs against the Pope, their principal patron. After this, in the year 1307, I was deprived of the wardenship in the Univer- sity, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, who sub- stituted a Monk in my place ; and the sentence of the Archbishop was confirmed by the Prisoner, under the name of Pope Urban V. From this time I discovered more of his treason and rebellion, than I ever did before. I threw oflT all restraint, and not only attacked the Monks, e2 !, U, 106 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. and their scandalous irregularities, but the Pon- tiff himself as the ringleader in rebellion. Soon after this I translated the Scriptures into the English language, and exhorted the people to study the Word of God, and not obey the Pri- soner's orders when opposed to it. In the year 1377, he having assumed the name of Pope Gre- gory XL the Archbishop was ordered to call a Council in London, to sit in judgment on me, but though the danger was considered great, I escaped by the interest of the Duke of Lancaster, The Prisoner having been compelled by one Mr. Death, whom he could never deceive, to re- linquish the name of Gregory Xf. a great schism commenced about the next title he should assume. This withdrew his attention from me for some time, but afterwards he proceeded against me with great vehemence in two councils held at London and Oxford, in the year 1383. The event was, that of the twenty-three opinions, for which I was prosecuted by the Monks, ten were con- demned as heresies, and thirteen as errors. How- ever I returned in safety to Lutterworth, and fell into a comfortable sleep in peace, in the year 1387. The Prisoner having been given to understand that 1 was dead, and as it had pleased the Lord to bless the Gospel to a great number, to whom I had preached it, he wms so exasperated that in a council at Constance, in the year 1415, a decree was made to condemn my memory and opinions, and to dig up some bones, which were thought to be mine, to be publicly burnt which was accord- ingly done. TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 107 Q. Was there mt a great number of persons, either hanged, suffocated or burnt in England, wlio were called your followers, and who went by the name of Lollards or Wickliffites ? A. Yes. Even prisons, fields and pits, in the metropolis of Londen, have been called after the name, on account of the horrid scenes exhibited there. William SawirCf Sworn. Q. Was you not once parish priest of St. Osyth, in London ? A. I was, till it pleased God to convince me of my rebellion, and enable me to forsake and detest the usurped authority of the Prisoner. Q. Did not the Prisoner persuade that deluded Prince Henry IV. to make an act of parliament, to burn all who were called heretics ? A. He did. After Henry IV. had usurped the throne, in compliance with the Prisoner's orders, he passed an act for the burning of heretics. This was in the year 1401. He was the first Prince in England, who passed such an act. One of the principal reasons that he assigned for this act was, the great increase of Lollards or Wickliffites. The bishops were by this act empowered to try all why were supposed to reject the Prisoner, and to burn them at their discretion. Q. What followed in England after the pass- ing of that law? A. Fires were lighted in various parts of the country, and many were cruelly burnt. It was previous to the passing of this act, that I had 108 TRIAL OF ANTICHSMT. » been given to see the error of Popery, and ac- knowledged the sceptre of King Jesus. I was therefore immediately apprehended and brought before the Archbishop of Canterbury, and con- demned to be buint as a heretic. The king then directed a writ to the lord mayor and sheriffs to take me to the stake, which they did, and I had the honor of being the first, that fire was kindled round for heresy in England. Thomas Badly, sworn. Q. Did you live in the reign of Henry IV.? A. I did. I lived in London when William Sawtre was burnt alive, and supposed to be burnt to death. Q. Did not the Prisoner attempt to murder you? A. He did. He ordered me to be secured in prison; after which I was condemned as a heretic, taken to Smithfield, chained to a stake, and fire kindled around me. Henry, Prince of Waks being present, perceiving me shew some sensible signs of torture, ordered the fire to be re- moved, promised me a pardon and a pension for life, if I would turn Roman Catholic. But having come to myself, I was enabled resolutely to reject his ofier, choosing rather to die with a good, than live with an evil conscience, a traitor to my King. The fire was then re-kindled, and continued to burn till some ashes were discovered, when all concluded that they were mine and that of course I must have been burnt to death. Sir John Oldcastle, (Lord Cobhamf) sworn. TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 109 Q. Are you the Nobleman who was persecuted in England, in the reign of i^ing Henjy V., on the charge of being the principal patfon and abettor of the people called Lollards ? A. I am. I considered them as loyal to our Sovereign, and I could not bear the idea that my Lord and King should be opposed by the Pri- soner under the pretext of being his peculiar favorite. Q. Did the prisoner attempt to put you to death ? A. He did. By his orders I was apprehended and committed to prison by a noted rebel in con- nexion with him, known by the name of the Archbishop of Canterbury. On my examination, I freely declared my total disapprobation of the Prisoner. I affirmed, that " the Pope was An- tichrist and the head of the Jioman Catholic body. That his bishops were the members, and his friars the hinder parts of his anti-christian society." The wicked Archbishop, my judge, then proceeded to pass sentence of condemnation against me for heresy, when I addressed him in these words : " Though you judge my body, which is but a wretched thing, yet I am sure yeu can do me no harm as to my soul — He who created it will, of his infinite mercy and promise finally save it, I have no manner of doubt. As to the ai tides before rehearsed, I will stand to them to my very death, by the grace of my eternal God." I was condemned to die, but the day before my execution was to have taken place, I made my escape from the Tower, and continued in Wales for about no TRfAL OP ANTICHRIST. ■ i ' I ( four years. After which being seized by the Prisoner's emissaries, and having been outlawed they delivered me over to death as a heretic and traitor. 1 was then taken to the place of execu- tion, and suspended by the waist with an iron chain. In this manner I was hung as a traitor, and cruelly burnt as a heretic, amidst the execrations of my savage tormentors, till my King delivered me out of their hands {The chain was produced in Court.) John Huss, sworn. (This witness confirmed the testimony of the Emperor Sigismond, which as it is noticed before is omitted here. There was, however, a remark- able expression he uttered while burning, which the Emperor omitted. It was his answer to the last question, which is here set down.) Q. Did you not address yourself when at the fire to some of the Popish Clergy who were present, and make use of some expressions that were thought remarkable ? A. I did speak to them after the fire was kindled. I said among other words, " Ye shall answer for this a hundred years hence, both before God and me." And also, " you roast a Goose now, but a Swan shall arise whom you shall not be able to burn as you do the poor weak Goosed These expressions were then remarked, and a century after were thought very remarkable, because Huss in the Bohemian language signifies a Goose, as Luther does a Swan ; and just an hundred years after, Luther appeared, and gave the Prisoner a TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. Ill deeper wound than he ever received before, yet he could not burn Luther. Jerome of Prague, sworn. (This witness also confirmed the testimony of the Emperor Sigismond, which is here omitted, and only the latter part of his examination recorded.) Q. When you was brought before the Council of Constance, what examination did you undergo ? A. I was not allowed a hearing. They exclaim- ed on all sides, "Away with him, Burn him, Burn him." Q. Did they proceed to burn you immediately ? A. No, I was confined full ten monts in a loath- some prison, and such was my weakness that one day 1 was persuaded to recant ; but when taken before the Council I revoked my recantation and opposed the authority of the prisoner as far as I was able. I was then condemned as a relapsed heretic lo be burnt to death. Immediately ihey dressed me in a paper cap, ornamented wilh flaming devils ; and led me to the place of execu- tion. When the cap was placed upon my head, I said, *' The Lord Jesus Christ, when he suffered death for me, a miserable sinner, wore upon his head a crown of thorns, and I, for his sake, will cheerfully wear this cap." When I was bound to the stake, the executioner when went behind me to kindle the fire, when I was so strengthened by my Lord, that I said to him, " Come hero, and kindle it before my eyes, for T had not come hither if I had been afraid of it." The fire was 112 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. now kindled and ihe flames surrounded me, while my soul was filled with such heavenly courage, that greatly astonished the beholders. My Sover- eign Lord the King now appeared in sight, and by a special celestial guard I was rescued out of their hands. The last words they heard me speak, were, " In these flames, Christ, I offer up my soul to thee ;" and because I disappearecl out of their sight, they spread the report that they saw me burnt to death. This was in the year 1416, on the 30th day of May. Jeronimo Savonerola, sworn. Q. Have you not been employed by our King to preach the Gospel in Italy since you was a Dominican Friar? A. I have endeavored to proclaim the glory and freeness of our King's grace to my benighted countrymen, and to the glory of his name my labors were blessed with success. Q. Will you relate to the Court, what you know of the Prisoner during your residence in Italy ? A. I will. When I knew him, he as usual continued to change his name at different limes. But when I took most notice of him, he called himself by the title of Alexander VI. The life and actions of the Prisoner by this name, evidently shewed, that he was a Nero indeed. The crimes that his most deluded followers have imputed to him, clearly prove that he was destitute of every virtuous principle, regardless of decency, and hardened against the very feeling of shame. TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 113 There is upon record, a list of undoubted facts, whicli for tiieir number and atrocity, are sufficient to render i^im by the name of Alexander VI. odious and detestable, even to such as have but the smallest tincture of morality or liumanitj'. It is well known that the Prisoner always made profession of sanctity, even when his con- duct was the most infamous. He therefore claimed the title of His Holiness, while living in all manner of wickedness. And though he de- clared, that the office of his priesthood was too sacred to admit either himself or any priest to have a lawful wife, he, with them in general were living in fornication and adultery. He therefore, to my own knowledge, only during the time he went by the name of Alexander VI. had, by one concubine, with whom he lived several years, four illegitimate sons, among whom was the infamous Ccesar Borgia, who lollowed his father in every wickedness and abomination. A. daughter named Lucresia^ was likewise among the number of his spurious offspring. And his only aim was to load them with riches and honor in contempt of every obstacle, which the demand of justice, and the dictates of reason, laid in his way. Thus he went on in his profligate career, until the year 1503, when he took by a providential mistake, some poison, which he and his wicked son had prepared for others who were obstacles in the way to their ambition. The poison had so much effect, that it disabled him, by this name, from pursuing the same course, when his old 114 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. antagonist Mr. Death, constrained him to assume a new title. During my residence in Italy, I preached against the luxury, avarice, and de- bauchepy of the Roman Clergy in general, and of the tyranny and wickedness in particular, of the Prisoner and his son, Ccnsar, I also wrote a book, entitled, *' The Lamentations of the Spouse of Christ, against false Apostles; or an Exhort- ation to the Faithful, that they would pray unto the Lord for the Renovation of His Church," Tne Prisoner then excommunicated and im- prisoned me, and after being most cruelly tortured, 1 was chained to a stake and burnt on the 23rd of May, 1498, in the 4Gth year of my age. I have not seen the Prisoner from that day to this when J see him at the bar. Roger Acton, John Heverli/ and John Brown, sworn, (These witnesses testified that they together with others rejected the Prisoner's authority, during the time they lived in London. That they frequently met in a field, called St. Giles's Field, in the night for prayer and social worship. That in the yeur 1413, on one night they were seized by his order, and in the said field were all (in number 36) hanged by the neck, and fires kindled under them, with intent to destroy them as heretics and traitors.) Martin, Luther, Sworn. (When this witness appeared, the people were very anxious to be gratified with a sight of the old Reformer. The Prisoner, howevei*, did not seem to enjoy any satisfaction in viewing him TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 115 upon the green clotli ; on the contrary, he hung down his head, gave him a malicious look, and appearr^d much confused. Q. Where was j'ou born ? A. I was born at Lsleben, in Saxony, on the 10th of November, in the year ol our Lord I 18-i. Q. Look at the Prisoner. Do you know liim ? A. I do ; and I btdieve he recollects me. When I knew him at Rome, he went by the names of Pope Alexander VI. Pius \\\. Julius IL Leo X. Adrian VI. Clement VII. and Paul HI. Q. Was you not once, one of his priests ? A. I was, I was called a monk of the order of St. Augustine^ and Professor of L>ivinity at Wittemberg. But though I was his deluded slave, yet I was never so hapjiy in his service as others appeared to be. I shall long remember, that when I was at Rome, how awfully devoted I was to his despotic laws, although I derive no solid satisfac- tion in my own breast, for my obedience to them. There is at Rome, placed in one of the churches, a (pretended very holy, and celebrated) staircase, consisting of twenty-eight steps of marble, said to bo taken from the house of Pontius Pilate, and which Christ is reported to have ascended and descended several times. These steps can only be ascended kneeling. And so blinded was I and thousands by the I'risoner, that to crawl up these stairs was thought to be one of the most meri- torious actions that could be performed. At the bottom of these steps are frequently seen, ten or twelve carriages of the first people of Rome, 110 TRrAL OF ANTICHTIST. waiting to perform their duty.* Up and down these very stairs 1 have ol'ten crept, but without that pleasure which ignorant devotees find in this ridiculous cereuionv. For althouoh I was tiien unacquainted with our beloved Sovereign, yet some words that I had read of his, seemed con- tinually resounding in my ears, which led me to be dissatisfied w ith what I did. The words were, •'The just shall live by faith." Previous to the year 1517, the Lord was pleas- ed to enlighten my eyes to discover the lawful government of our Lnrd the King, by the reading of his own word. I'ut being surrounded by bigotry and superstition, and retaining too much of my former ignorance, I scarcely knew how to disentangle myself from his service. Ho\Aever in the same year an opportunity off'ered to unfold as far as I then discovered, my views of the truth. The Prisoner had now set up the money making trade of selling pardons and indulgedces, and had published a catalogue of his wares.f These were distributed by his agents, with every possible addition, to excite the attention and pick the pockets of such as were duped by him. One John Tetzel, a Dominican Friar, had been chosen on account of his uncommon impudence by Alhei% Archbishop of Mentz and Magdeburg, to preach and proclaim in Germany these infamous indul- gences, and to promise the pardon of all sins, » Vide Sketch of a Tour on the Continent, in l780-'7, by J. E. Smith, M. D. vol. ii. 37. f Vide Ta Oenceller Rom. TRIAL or ANTirilRIST. 117 kins, ,by however enormous to all who were rich enou«rh to purchase them. Tliis front less JMonk executed his inifiuitous commission with matciiless inso- lence, indecency, and iVaud. Unahio to smother my indignation at the insult offered to my hiwlul Sovereign, King Jesus, I raised my voice against tiiis most abominable traffic, and on the 30fh of September, in the year 1517, did publicly at Wittemburg, in ninety-nine propositions, condemn the whole as diametrically opposite to the laws and statutes of Christ Jesus. Many in Germany had long groaned under the iron sceptre of the Prisoner and grievously mur- mured against the extortions of his tax-gatherers, who daily put in p actice various stratagems to fleece the rich and grind the face of the poor. Many of these gladly received the declaration I made of the all-sufficiency of Jesus and his atoning blood, and consequently despised the pardons and indulgences offered for sale by Tetzel and the Dominicans. The alarm of Controversy was now sounded, and Tt'tzel himself immediately appeared against me, and pretended to refute what 1 had declared, in two discourses he delivered when he was made a Doctor in Divinity. In the following year two famous Dominicans, Sylvester De Priero and Hoolgstart, rose up against me, and attacked me at Cologn, with the utmost violence. Their ex- ample was followed by another named Eckius^ a celebrated Professor of Divinity at Ingolstad, and one of the most zealous supporters of the u I 118 TRIAJ. OP ANTICHRIST. Dominican order. I was enabled to stand my ground against their united efforts, and the more I disputed with them, the more I was convinced that truth was on my side. At first the Prisoner then called Leo X. seemed to view the controversy with total indifference, as he thought that a poor insignificant Monk was not worth his notice. At length the Emperor informed him of what was likely to follow my labors in Germany, when he summoned me to appear before his tribunal at Rome. But the Elector of Saxony, Frederic the wise, pretending ^hat my cause belonged to a German Tribunal, this summons was superseded. I was ordered to justify my conduct before one of his Cardinals, named Cajetan, who was at that time Legate at the Diet of Augsburg. This man was my decided enemy, a friend of Tetzel, and a Dominican, yet I repairi d lo Augsburg in October, 1518. But had I even been dispose to yield to the Prisoner, this imperious Legate was of all others the most improper to obtain my submission. He in an overbearing tone, desired me to renounce my opinions, without ever attempting to prove them erroneous ; and insisted on my immediate obedience to the Pontiff''s commands. I could never think of yielding to terms, so un- reasonable in themselves and so despotically pro- posed, and as I found my judge and adversary inaccessible to reason and argument. I left Augsburg immediately, The Prisoner then pub- lished a special Edict, "commanding his spiritual subjects to acknowledge his power of delivering TRIATi OF ANTICIIRWT. 119 from all the punishment due to sin and transgres- sion of every kind." As soon as I perceived tiiis public decree, I repaired to Wittemburg, and on the 2Sth day of November appealed from him to a general council. After this the Prisoner ap- peared to think that Cajetan was not a proper person to reconcile me to him, and he resolved to employ one more moderate and insinuating. Ac- cordingly one Chart ;s Miltilz, a Saxon Knight belonging to the court of Rome, was delegated by him to make a second attempt to restore me. This new Legate was therefore sent inlo Saxony, to present to Frederic the Golden Consecrated Kose, and to treat with me about a reconciliation. Q. Did not Cajetan make use of some very nwinl expressions to prove the power of the Pri- soner to pardon sin, &c.? A. He did. He said, among many other absurd expressions, " That one drop of Christ's blood being sufficient to redeem the whole human iace,lhe remaining quantity that was shed in the Garden and upon the Cross, was left as a legacy to the church, to be a treasure from whence indulgences were to be drawn and administered by the Roman Pontiff!" The Prisoner had published the same before in one of his Decretals, when he was known by the name ot Pope Clement VI. which is called, and that justly, for more reasons than one, Extravagants. Q. Do you recollect what arguments Miltitz made use of to persuade you to return to the Prisoner's authority ? w. i- ' ') \ , 120 TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. A. I do. He first proceeded to demand of the Elector, that he would either oblige me to return to the obedience of the See of Rome, or withdraw his protection from me. Dut, perceiving that he was received by the Elector with a degree of coldness bordering on contempt, and that the cause for which I pleaded was too far advanced to be destroyed by the effects of mere authority ; he had recourse to gentle methods. He loaded Telzcl with the bitterest reproaches, on account of the irregular and superstitious means he had employed, for promoting the sale of indulgences, and attributed to this miserable wretch all the abuses I had complained of. Telzel, on the other hand, burdened with the iniquities of Rome, tormented with the conscious- ness of his own injustice and extortions, died of grief and despair. I confess I was so affected by the agonies of despair under which this unhappy rebel labored, that I wrote him a pathetic letter. And as I knew in a degree the freeness and ful- ness of our King's Grace, to pardon the vilest traitor upon earth, I endeavored to the utmost of my power to beseech him to be reconciled to our Lord the King. But it produced no good effect, for as he lived, he died, a great traitor to the Government of Heaven. His infamy was per- petuated by a picture placed in the Church of Penna, in which he is represented on an ass, selling indulgences to a deluded multitude. This incendiary being sacrificed as a victim to cover the Roman Pontiff from reproach, Miditz TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 121 entered into particular conversation with me at Altenburg. He did not pretend to justify the scandalous traffic of indulgences, but requested me to acknowledge the four following things : — 1st. '* That the people had been seduced by false notions of Indulgences. 2nd, That I had been the cause of that seduction, by representing in- dulgences much more henious than they really were. 3rd, That the odious conduct of Tetzel alone had given occasion to these representations. And 4th, That though the avarice of Albert, Arch- bishop of Mentz had set on Teizelp yet that his rapacious tax-gatherer had exceeded by far, the bounds of his commission." These proposals were accompanied with many soothing words and pompous encomiums on my character, capa- city and talents ; and with the softest and most pathetic expostulations in favor of union and concord ; all which he joined together with the greatest dexterity and address, in order to touch and disarm me, and at first I must confess it pro- duced too much efiect. But the result was, I refused to comply with his request; and the Prisoner issued out a Bull against me, dated the 1 5th day of June, l')20, in which forty-one pre- tended heresies extracted from my writings were solemnly condemned, all my writings ordered to be publicly burnt ; I, on pain of excommunication, to confess and retract my errors within the space of sixty days, and cast myself upon the clemency and mercy of the Pontiff. 1 then resolved to shew in the most public manner, that I had with- I i Si. ii I V i li I 122 TRIAL or ANTICHRIST. drawn from the Prisoner's authority, despised his papal thunder, and in future would own no other Sovereign but our Lord and everlasting King. I therefore, on the 10th day of December, in the year 1520, caused a pile of wood to be erected without the walls of the city of Wittemburg ; and there in the pre • 124 TRIAL OF ANTICUBIST. 1! Emperor to violate his promise of protection to me, as Sigismond had done before to John Huss ; but he would not. I therefore was permitted to depart, and the Emperor gave me 21 days pro- tection on my way home. After my departure from the Diet, I was condemned as an enemy to the Holy Roman Empire. The Elector FrederiCf who saw the storm rising against me, used such precautions as he could to secure me from its violence. For this purpose he sent three or four persons in whom he could confide, to meet me on my return from the Diet, in order to conduct me to a place of safety, who disguised by masks, ex- ecuted their commission with the utmost secrecy and success. I was taken to the castle of Wart- enburg, where I continued full ten months, and employed this involuntary leisure, in translating the Scriptures into the Dutch Language, and writing several works which I afterwards pub- lished. I left this Patmos, in the month of March, 1522, without either the knowledge or consent of Frederic^ my protector, as I couid not bear to be hid in the hour of danger. Having returned to Wittemburg, and translated some part of the Scriptures in the German tongue, it is almost in- credible the sudden nnd blessed effects it produ- ced, when circuit' ^t among the people. Frcin the minds of many it extirpated, root and branch, the superstition, idolatry, and rebellion, scattered over the earth by the Prisoner. While the proclamation of the laws of our King TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 125 produced wonders, the Prisoner changed his name to Adrian VI. By this name he sent a Legato to the Diet assembled at Nuremberg, in the year 1522 to demand the speedy and vigorous execution of the sentence pronounced against me at Worms. The next year, the same demand was made by him in the most violent manner, by the name of Pope Clement VII. Frederic^ Elector of Saxony died in the year 1525, and John his brother succeeded him. He immediately acted a decided part ; for being fully convinced that the authority of the Prisoner was usurped, he rejected him and his superstitious laws. One assembly met after another in Germany, which rather increased than checked the progress of the Reformation. The Prisoner not meeting with the support he wished from the Emperor, Charles V. entered into a confederacy with the French and Venetians against that Prince, C/iar/ . . TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 149 > for their ofTenccs, and restored into the bosom of tho Church of Home. This petition hcnug delivered to the Cardinal, he gave them absolution in these words : " We (by the apostolic authority given unto us, by the Most Holy Lord, Pope Julius the third, Christ's vicegerent on earth, do absolV'C and deliver you, and every of you, with the whole Realm and Dominions thereof, from all heresy and schism, and I'rom all Judgments, Censures, and Pains, for that curse incurred : and also we do restore you again to I he unity of our Mother the holy Church." ' ""p leport of this coming to Rome, caused great .,< ' The Prisoner published a Bull for a Jubilee, and went in procession to manliest the pleasure he felt on this occasion. He then delegated Manj to be his agent in Enghmd to put to death such as rejected Popery, and I with many others were dragged to pi;;ison. Q. Was you not once one of his Priests 1 A. I was. I was educated at Camdridge, but bsing chosen Chaplain to the Factory at Antwerp, I became acquainted with Tindal ivnd Couenlak^ who were translating the Bible. Through their instrumentality, by the word I assisted them to translate, I was led to see the vile conduct of the Prisoner and to reject his authority. After this I married and travelled into Saxony, and preached the gospel of Jesus Christ, for some years. Upon the accession of King Edward VI. 1 came into England, and was appointed a Prebend of St. Paul's, where I was stationed on the return of 150 TRIAL OF ANTICHRIST. Popery. On a complaint being made that I prcaciied tiie doctrines of the Reformation, 1 was cited before the Prisoner's bishop, and condemned as a heretic. During my confinement I drew up an answer to the charges brought against me, and vindicated the doctrines of the atonement and justification by the imputed righteousness of Christ. After undergoing the ceremony of degradation, I was conducted to the flames in Smithfield. My wife with her ten children, with me requested an interview before I was chained to the stake, but so Httle of the milk of human kindness did my enemies possess, that our united request was not granted. I was chained to the stake, and the flames were kindled round me, which continued to burn till I was delivered out of their sight : this was in the year 1 555. Laurence Saunders, William Pigot, Stephen Knight, Thomas Tomkins, Thomas HawkeSy John Lawrence, and William Huntery being sworn, said that they were chained to separate stakes and burnt by order of the Prisoner. Lawrence afiirmed that when he was brought to Colchester to be executed, his legs being so worn by heavy irons in prison, and his body so weak that he was obliged to be carried in a chair to the stake, and the fire kindled round him sitting. Robert Farrar, Bishop of St. David's, and Raw- ins jy/ii7e, a Fisherman, both of Wales, were next examined. They proved that they suffered in like manner by the Prisoner's orders. TRIAL or ANTICHRIST. 151 (A pile of iron chains was now produced to the Court, which had been usad by the Prisoner to bind the witnesses and others to stakes.) Rowland Taylor, Vicar of Audley, in Essex, being examined, atfirmed that he was cited before the Bishop of Winchester, wliose name was Stephen Gardiner, and who, next to Bonner, was one of the Prisoner's most active and cruel execu- tioners. That he was sent up to London to the Queen's Bench prison, and after repeated exami- nations was condemned to be burnt as a heretic. That he was sent down to his parish to be executed. That as he entered Hadley, the streets were Uned with his old parishioners, who in general mani- fested their sorrow on his account. That at Aid- ham Common, the place of execution, he addressed the spectators, saying, " I have taught you nothing but God's holy word, and am come hither to seal with my blood, those doctrines I have delivered unto you." That being chained to the stake and the fire kindled, he was burned till he was deli- vered out of the fire, and left nothing but a few ashes, which led the Prisoner and others to suppose that he was dead. Bishop Latimer, sworn. Q. Did not the Prisoner attempt to burn you ? A. He did. Upon the accession of Mary, I, with Bishop Ridley and Archbishop Cranmer, were sent to the Tower, and from thence to Oxford, to dispute with twelve men under the Prisoner's go- vernment, selected from Cambridge and Oxford. When the disputation was ended, we were brought 152 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. y" as prisoners on a stage, and asked '* whether we should persist in our opinions or recant ?'' We all affirmed that we would persist, and were then condemned as heretics, to be burnt, but our exe- cution was suspended for some time. Q. Was Nicholas Ridley^ the Bishop, chained to the same stake with you ? A. He was. We were both chained together at one stake in Oxford. I was then about four- score years of age, and my infirmities much in- creased by the severity of my confinement, yet as my day was so strength was given. Having long since declined my ecclesiastical dignity, I appeared at the stake without any clerical habit. Ridley and I embraced and encouraged each other at the stake ; he said to me, " God will either assuage the fury of the flames, or enable us to endure it,'* and so he did. The faggots being kindled I was soon taken in a fiery chariot to my King, but Ridley was delayed for some time longer, when he was mercifully delivered in like manner. Bishop Ridley, being examined, confirmed the testimony of the last witness. Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, sworn. Q. Did not the Prisoner condemn you ? A. He did ; but I suffered for a long time in confinement before he attempted to execute the sentence. I was also so weak, that one day, by threats and promises, I was persuaded to sign my recantation, though not the one published by cruel Bonner, This, however, availed me nothing, " The tender mercies of the Prisoner are cruel." TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 153 I was required to ratify my recantation publicly, and then to die for heresy. Being called upon to address the people in St. Mary's Church, Oxford, my enemies were thunderstruck at hearing me express my porro" '')r my apostacy and weakness, and declare ■ he r 3 to be Anticln 'sl and that I would first burn my unworthy right hand that signed the recantation. Immediately a violent" clamor ensued, and I was hurried to the place of execution. A fire being kindled round me, I held my right hand in the flames till it was burnt, repeating *' this unworthy hand — this unworthy hand," and calling upon the Redeemer in the words of Stephen, ** Lord Jesus, receive my spirit," when I was rescued out of their hands. This was on the 14th day of February 155G, at Oxford. George Marsh affirmed that, by order of the Prisoner, ho was burnt at Westchester. Robert Smith, that he was burnt at Uxbridge. Thomas Whittle, that he and six more were burnt in one fire at Smithficld, on the 2Tth day of Januarv 1550. Anne Albright said that she, and three other women, and one man, were burnt at two stakes and one fire at Canterbury, the 3 1st day of January. Joan Trunchjield and Agnes Potter, both married women, that they were burnt at Ipswich. Robert Drake, that he and five more suffered at the one fire in Smithfield, on the 23d day of April in the same year. Catharine Hut, that she and two other women were treated in like manner at the said place. Thomas Drowry, g2 154 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. a blind boy, that he and one Thomas Croker were burnt at Gloucester. Ralph Jackson, that he, ten men, and two women, in all thirteen, were, by the Prisoner's order, burnt together in one fire, at Stratford, near London, on the 27th day of June. That the Dean of St. Paul's having declared, in a sermon he preached after their condemnation, that they held as many different opinions as persons, they drew up and signed a declaration of their faith, part of which declared, " That the See of Rome was the See of Antichrist, the congregation of the wicked, whereof the Pope is head under the devil." Upwards of two hundred other witnesses were in court, who were martyred in the reign of Queen Mary ; but the Attorney-General said, that as it was not necessary to examine them to prove the guilt of the Prisoner, he would only bring forward one witness to prove the number that were burnt durini; her short but cruel reiajn. Mr. Historical Truth again examined. Q. Do you recollect how many were burnt during the reign of Queen Mary 1 A. I do. She burnt 1 Archbishop, 4 Bishops, 21 Ministers, 8 Gentlemen, 34 Artificers, 100 Husbandmen, Servants, and Laborers, 26 Wives. 20 Widows, 9 Unmarried Women, 2 Boys, and 2 Infants ; one of them was whipped to death by Bishop Bonner, and the other springing out of the mother's womb from the stake, as she burned, was thrown again into the fire. Several died in prison, and many were otherwise cruelly trea ted.* * Vido (irutbrie's Gram. Ungiand. a^RIAL or ANTICHRIST. 155 Q. Were these burnt by the Prisoner's orders ? A. Yes. He not only presumes to put to death those whom he calls heretics but bis Bishops take an oath, that heretics, schismatics, and rebels to the Holy Father, (or the Prisoner) they will resist and persecute. One of his annotations on the new Testament says, *' Protestants foolishly expound it (t. e, Ba- bylon noticed in Rev. ivii. 6.) of Rome, for that there they put heretics to death, and allow of their punishment in other countries. Bu' ..heir blood is not called the blood of Saints, no more than the blood of thieves, man-killers, and other malefactors ; for the shedding of which by order of justice, no common- wealth shall answer."* Sir John Temple^ sworn. Q. Did you write the History of the Rebellion in Ireland, in 1641 ? A. I did. It was printed in Dublin. Q. Do you believe that the Prisoner was the ringleader of that Uebellion ? A. He certainly was. His own Bulls shew that he was deeply concerned in th.at dreadful insurrection. When he was known by the name of Urban VII. he publicly by a Bull, promised to reward the Catholics of Ireland, with a plenary Indulgence, and remission of all their sins. I can repeat a part of the Bull in his own words, they are as follows : " Urbanus Octavus, &c. Having taken 'into our serious consideration the great zeal of the Irish towards the propagating the * Rbemish Traoslation. Eev. xvii. di 156 TRIAL OF ANTICriRIBT. Catholic faith ; and having got certain notice, how in imitation of their godly and worthy an- cestors, they endeavour, by force of aims, to de- liver their thralled nation from the oppression of the heretics and gallantly do in them that lieth to extirpate and totally root out those workers of inquity, who in the kingdom of Ireland had infes- ted the mass of Catholic purity with the pestifer- ous leaven of their heretical contagion. We therefore, being willing with the gifts of those spiritual graces whereof we are ordained the only disposers on Earth, and by virtue of that power of binding and loosing of souls which God was pleased to confer upon us, to all and every one of the fathful Christians in the aforesaid Kingdom of Ireland, now and for the time militating against heretics, do grant full and plenary indulgence, and absolute remissisn of all their sins. Desiring heartily all the faithful in«Christ now in arms^ to be partakers of this most precious treasure. Dated at Rome in the Vatican of St. Peter's Palace^ May 25//t, IQAZ, in the ^dth year of our Pontificate, A. M. Maraldus."* He also lyrote to the rebel, O'Neal, October 18th, 1642, and to the Popish clergy and Nobles of Ireland to the same effect. Q. Were many murdered in the year 1641 ? A. Yes, many thousands, in a cruel manner. Mr. Hume, the Historian, sworn. Q. Do you recollect how many are supposed to have been killed in the Irish massacre ? * yid« trial of Lord M'Cruire for bigh treason, TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 157 A. " By some computations, those who perished by those cruelties are made to amount to 150, or 200,000 ; by the most moderate, and perhaps the most prob9,ble accounts, tiiey must have been near 40,000."* The Clerk of the Crown then read extracts from several examinations taken by virtue of commis- sions under the great seal of Ireland ; recorded in the Archives of Dublin, and in possession of the Clerk of the Council. Dr. Maxwell, the deponent, said, that the re- bels confessed to him that they killed one morn- ing in the county of Amtrim 954 persons, and 1,100 or 1,200 more in the said county. Owen Frankland and others said, that above 1,000 were drowned in one river, in the county of Armagh, Many others murdered ; 50 at Blackwater Church. William Blundell was drawn by the neck up and down Blackwater, and three weeks afterward he with his wife and 7 children drowned. A wife was compelled to hang her husband ; 22 Protestants put into a thatched house at Kilmore and burned ; 1,500 murdered in 3 parishes ; 200 stript naked, and put into the church at Loughgall, and above 1 00 murdered. John Gregg was quartered alive, and his quarters thrown in the face of his father, who was afterwards quartered in the presence of his wife. 500 were murdered at Armagh, besides 48 families near it. 18 Scotch infants hanged on clothier's tenter-hooks in the county Tyrone, and 140 women killed by 2 rebels ; 45 by one wo- * Uuaio's Hist. Euglaud. vol. 6. •r" I I 158 TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. man; 310 at Dungannon ; 300 on their way to Colcniiiie ; and 400 drowned in the said county. At Sligo, the Protestants being all taken to jail, at midnight they were stripped nailed, and 2 butchers hired to kill them all with axes, &c. The White-lViars who employed the butchers, afterwards pretended with holy water to purify the river from the stain of heretics' blood. Jn most counties nearly all the English that could be taken were murdered ; at Kilkenny 7 were hanged, and one Irishman because he was taken in theii" company. At the same and other places men and women were stripped naked ; such as covered their nakedness with straw, it was set on fire by the rebels. 22 widows and others in the King's County, who had covered themselves with straw, which was fired. Many who escaped died naked, and some with children in their arms by the frost and snow. Most women that were pregnant had their bellies ripped up. Lieut. Maxjltld was dragged out of bed, raving in a burning fever and murdered. — His wife also who was great with child, and in labour, wasstript naked and drowned in the river Blackwater, the child half born. Mr. Protestant Observer, Sworn. Q. Do you live in Ireland ? A. I do. Q. Were there not a great number of Protes- tants burnt in Scullabogue barn by rebels under the Prisoner's authority ? A. There were to the number of 184 men, TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 159 1 women and children, besides 37 that were mur- dered belbre the barn. Q. Were there a number murdered on Wex- ford bridge ? A. There were a very considerable number ; attended with the most shocking marks of brutal- ity and savageness scarcely to be equalled by any tribe of cannibals. The manner, in general, of putting them to death, was ihus : Two rebels pushed their pikes into the breast of the victim, and two into his back; and in this state (writhmg with torture,) they held him suspended till dead, and then threw him over the bridge into the w -i- ter. After they had massacred ninety-seven Prison- ers in that manner, an express came to inform them that Vinegar-hill was attacked by the King's troops, and that they must repair to the Camp. This providentially saved the lives of the remainder of the Protestants, then prisoners in Goal and on board the prison ship. It was no doubt the intention of the rebels tc extirpate every Protestant as soon as they could ouiuin a decided superiority over the government. Q. On what day did the massacre take place on the bridge ? A. On the 20th day of June 1798. On that day they proceeded from the Goal to the bridge with a black flag, with a cross and the letters M. W. S., inscribed on it in white ; which w.is sup- posed to mean Murder Without Sirif and on the other side a red cross. In this manner from ten 160 TRIAL ©F ANTICHRIST. to twenty prisoners were taken at a time to be murdered, surrounded by pike-men and attended by a mob of more wome*" than men, who expres- sed their savage joy by loud huzzas. Q. Were any Priests under the Prisoner's gov- ernment, concerned in this rebellion ? A. Yes, many, some of whom acted as Rebel Generals, and were the most active ring-leaders in the rebellion. One Roche, pretended that he was in the habit of catching the bullets that came from the soldiers arms, and that he gave them to his men to load their pieces with ! Another named Murphy, in a sermon assured them, that bullets flew about without hurting them, except a few who wanted faith.* Q. Was you in Dublin in the year 1903 ? A. I was. Q. Do you recollect the 23rd of July, in that year? A. I do. I also recollect that in the evening of that day another rebellion broke out in Dublin, when several Protestants were murdered in the streets, among them was Lord Kil warden, vv'ho was piked to death. Q,. Have you heard of a seditious society in the city, calling itself the Catholic Board? A. I have. I have been present at some of their meetings, and have read several of their in- flamatory resolutions. What object do they profess to have in Q. view ? * See .Mr Richard Musgrave's History of th« Rebcllioa. TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. ICl A. To petition the Legislature for Catholic Emancipation ; but while they profess to meet lor this purpose, they abuse the Government, vilify the rulers, defy the law, collect and levy money to support the disaffected, a-id cause discontent and sedition to spread throughout the country. Q. Do they acknowledge the Prisoner at the bar? A. They profess the Roman Catholic Religion, — are most violent enemies to Protestants, who disown their usurped authority; these they deno- minate Orangemen. When they speak of an Orangeman, they mean a Protestant ; as when they speak of an Irishman they mean a Papist. Q. Did you ever hear any of them speak at dny of their meetings ? A. I have heard several of them speak at dif- ferent times, some of whom are lawyers who are very inflamatory. Q. Did not a noted doctor deliver a speech at one of their meetings, calculated to show all who are not wilfully blind, the object they have in view ? A. There did. I heard him speak, and his speech has since been published.* Q. Do you recollect any part of it ? A. I do. Among other expressions equally pernicious, when speaking of the Prisoner, he ob- served, " But it is known that every Catholic acknowledges ^1/71 as Supreme Head of the Church * See Dr. Drumgooles Speech. Dublin Evening Post, Dec. 11 1813. 102 TRIAL or ANTICHRIST. — that the Bishops correspond with him as a father —that they receive his pastoral instruction." When speaking of an oath proposed by some of their friends in the British Parliament, he observes, that to *' take an oath not to seek, directly or indirectly^ the subversion of the Protestant Church! Why this would be to abuse the divine command !'* As if the Almighty had given them a command to overthrow the Protestant Faith. And he further observes, *' If the Church of England trembles for its safety, it must seek it elsewhere, we have no securities to give !" Afterwards he adds, " It shall fall, and nothing but the memory of the mischiefs it has created shall survive. Already the approach- ing marks of ruin are upon it.'' He afterwards, in speaking of the Protestajft Religion under the name of the Established Church presumed to predict ifs speedy and total downfall. He declared, " It shall fall, and nothing but the memory of the mischiefs it has created shall survive. Already the marks of approaching ruin are vpou it ; it has had its time upon earth — a date nearly as long as any other Novelty ; and when the time arrives, shall Catholics be called, by the sacred bond of an oath to uphold a system which they beliece will be one day rejected by the whole earth ? Can they be induced to swear that they would oppose even the present Protestants of England, if ceasing truants they thought fit to return to their ancient worship, and to have a Catholic King, and a Catholic Parliament^ Q. Do you consider the sentiment expressed by II TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 163 this Doctor to be the sentiment of all with whom he is connected in this society ? A. I certainly do. I believe that all under the Prisoner's authority are hostile to the Protestant faith and a Protestant Government. I remember in the year 1803, one Father Gavan, published in Dublin a book called Marks of Truths in which he declares that the remnant of the Protestants left are only reserved as a judgment from God to share the same fate as others have before them. Q. Has not the Irish Government lately pro- hibited the meeting of this inflammatory Board ? A. They have, and if they act decidedly, they may prevent much mischief. This Board Has long been a public nuisance, and the cause of much mischief in the country : I have no doubt but that they have been the cause of much blood being spilt, and that some of their orators will be answer- able for it. The Attorney General^ after the examination of a very considerable number of respectable wit- nesses, observed, that many more might be called who could more fully prove the Prisoner to be the promoter of the rebellions of 1641, 1798, and 1803. But he considered it altogether unnecessary. Some of the shocking barbarities were accompanied with circumstances too cruel and indecent to be noticed here ; they are however printed in several books. Only two more witnesses were called, the first to prove, that the Prisoner did presume to appoint places of refuge for murderers, thieves, (fee. 164 TRIAL OF ANTlCimiST. Q. 1>» >"" '^""UcS/o Ms witness.) A. 1 do. 1 ^^»•«^« / . J Crown. ^'Jidu:ard, by the <- "^^f" v.v all generations :f the world after nj^.that^y !,,,,„ wed roentofour "f J J'jf " J of the ble^ed Apos- and honored the hdy chu eh ^ ^^^.j„ ,„,, t,e St. Peter, of West—- ^^ ^^,,, ,„„. establish for ev.r, that ^^ha P ^^^^^^^_^^ ^^„ dUion or estate soever he be ^^^^^ .^ ^^^^^_ he comes, or for ^vhat offene ^,^^^^ ^^^ „, i„, for *•- -!"'^;' 'tiy and Umbs. And over assured oi h.s \ fe, '''^^"J ^^erlasting damnation. ,hi,,I forbid u»'J'=;P^":fj;'. successors, inter- that no minister of mme or 3 ^sessions tddle them with -^ f;:;l:rsanetuary. For of the said persons takino special I have talvcn their good and i."«' protection. „,tnevcrv and each of them ^ "Andthereforclgranttoevery ^„(R,e, i„ as much as my terresmal po^ve ^^J^^^^.^^^. sumes, or doth "«""''' ^^^^v^ip, dignity a;.d power ; that he lose h- "^'"t-jS^" /-''«' «-»*>«'">■; and that with the g-^^^" ^' ;^ ,,erlas.ing fire of ed our Saviour, lie be m ^^ g^^„t Hell. And 1 -» an ;f n;^*;^, .„ ^„g,and . endure as long ^^, 7'^, ,i„i^„ „ame." either love or dread of Christia TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 1G5 Q. Did many thieves, murderers, and other scandalous characters occupy this building? A. They did till they were so very numerous, that I was obliged to build a new Church on the north side for their use, which was dedicated to St. Margaret* Mons. Paris, sworn. This Vv'itness proved that the Prisoner had sanctioned the dethronment of the descendents of Loui >', of France, by coming from Rome to Paris, and Crowning one Napoleon Bonaparte^ Emperor^ who had long been the plague and scourge of Europe, but who now is happily transported to the Isle of Elba ! By this cornation act of the Prisoner, he sanctioned the transfering of the alle- giance of France from Louis to the Usurper. Cross-examined by Councellor Equivocator. Q. You say that the Prisoner at the bar sanc- tioned the dethronement of the descendant of Louis of France ; now upon your oath, did you not believe that what he did waj by compulsion? A. I admit that it is probable that he might have been compelled to do what he did in this case. Q. You admit that it might be probable, but do you not know that it was impossible for him to have avoided doing what he did ? A. I do not. I know that he refused to com- ply with the demands of the usurper when his own States and property were concerned, and as he could resist and refuse to transfer what he Vide Maitland's Hist. LoadoD. vol. ii. p. 238. 160 TRIAL OP AlfTICHRIST. ! considered his own, so he might and ought to have refused to sanction the transfering of the property of another to a plunderer. The evidence here closed on the part of the Pros' ecution. Counsellor Quibble. — My Lords and Gentle- men of the Jury, I, as the assigned counsel for the Prisoner at the bar, feel it my duty to make such a defence as the nature of the charge, and evidence will admit. I am not under the neces- sity of making a long statement in the defence of the Prisoner, and therefore shall not trouble the Court and Jury. Gentlemen of the Jury, you will studiously endeavor to banish from your minds, every extraneous matter you may have heard that does not come within the charge pre- ferred against my Client ; and only consider the evidences that have been i iven on the part of the prosecution. With respect to any question of Law in this case, I yield to the learned Lords on the Bench ; and as to matters of fact, they are solely for the determination of you. Gentlemen of the Jury, who are the sole judges of the testimony you have heard from the witnesses. The charge against the Prisoner at the Bar, is High Treason, compassing the death of the King, and promoting Rebellion in all the earth. He also stands charged with divers murders in several countries, to wit : In Paris on the 24th of August, 1572, and in England, Ireland, Scotland and other places. The evidence which we have to produce is evidence of an Alihi, viz : that the TRIAL OP ANTICDRIS'A 1C7 3 > B [i d e Prisoner was not at Paris on the 24th of August, 1572, nor in England, nor Ireland, nor Scotland, when these murders were committed. Should the evidence that will be produced raise in you- minds. Gentlemen of the Jury, any doubt of the Prisoner's guilt, you will of course, acquit him, for where there is a doubt on the mind of a Jury, it is better that 500 guilty persons should escape punishment than that one innocent man should suffer. You will also consider. Gentlemen, that your verdict of Guilty may place him in a pre- mature grave. There are circumstances I am here compelled to notice, that some of the evidences against the Prisoner are the evidences of common informers. Who was Luther^ Caloin and others that are called Reformers ? Were they not once Priests ? Were they not once connected with the Prisoner ? — They violated their oaths when they deserted his Church, and the testimony of such should be doubted. Gentlemen of the Jury, the unfortunate Gentleman at the Bar has seen much better days. His situation really calls for pity and not ven- gence. He has been a great sufferer of late. — His influence is much reduced. He has been made a complete tool of. I am addressing you Gentlemen, as sensible and dispassionate men, and therefore I look up with confidence to you, to give a verdict in favor of my unfortunate client. We shall now call some witnesses as to the character of the Prisoner ; and the evidences he has by means of his friends, been able to pro- 1C8 ♦trial op ANTICIITIST. I duce in his favor, will be weighed by your hu- manity. Witnesses o i behalf of the Prisoner, Mr. Hale Controversy was first examined. He said, that he had some knowledge of the Prisoner, that he thought him an honest mm, that he never differed with him, or lilted people to fall out about religion. On cross-examination he confessed he knew him only by name. Thuanus said, that he took notice of the Wal. denses and of the Parisian Massacre. That to his knowledge, the Prisoner was at Rome at the time, as he was also in the reign of Queen Mary^ and at other times when he was charged with committing murders in England, Ireland, and other places. Several other witnesses said the same. On cross-examination however, they ad- mitted that his government extended to these places, and that it was by his laws they were put to death. Mr. P. Painter said, that he had known the Prisoner more than 1200 years, that he had pain- ted many pictures for him, and that he always paid him honestly. C. Carpenter, B. Bricklayer^ P. Plasterer, S. Slater, P. Plumber, and C. Carver, gave the Prisoner a good character. Demetrius Silversmith said, that he had made more shrines by order of the Prisoner than ever were made for Diana of the Ephesians, and that he always thought the Prisoner a very useful TBIAL OF ANTICHRIST. 169 man. J. Jeweller and B. Bead-maker said the same. R. Robe-makerf said that he had received many thousand orders from the Prisoner, whom he al- ways respected much. That he had made vari- ous sorts of robes for his Archbishops and all the orders of his Clergy. That he took yearly, some hundred thousands of pounds for Gowns, Surpli- ces, Scarfs, Sashes, Cassocks, Bands, &c., and that in some countries the bare washing of Sur- plices only among one order of clergy amounted to more than £13,000 a year. Napoleon Bonaparte^ being called, did not ap- pear. The reason was, that having lately been apprehended in France, by the allied Sovereigns of Europe, he had been transported to the Isle of Elba. Mr. Half Protestant said that he never knew any harm of the Prisoner. That he always thought more was said of him than was true. — That he respected the names of several witnesses examined, such as Luther, and others, but did not see the reason why they disagreed. He admit- ted that he had heard of murders committed by him, but thought him much altered for the better, and was quite a different man. He thought that every one should keep to the religion they were, brought up to, and if sincere it was all that Gtod would require. Mr. Solicitor General. — My Lords, and Gen- tlem.n of the Jury, you need not be under any apprehensions of intruding too much on your time. H 170 TRIAL or ANTICHRIST. I. I I If this was only an ordinary case, I should make no observations ; but it is not only a question as to the guilt or innocence of the Prisoner at the bar, but of many thousands, who have been more or less concerned in his treasonable designs ; and also of others who have connived at his awtul rebellion. Gentlemen of the Jury, with respect to the evi- dence which have been laid before you on the part of the Crown, I shall be very brief. I have little more than to call your attention to, and fol- low the statement of my able friend who first stated the case. Evidence has been laid before you, to prove that a conspiracy has existed for several hundred years to overthrow the Govern- ment of Heaven, and compass the death of our Sovereign Lord the King. Gentlemen, the ques- tion is, whether the Prisoner was a participator of that guilt ; you will determine by the eviden- ces whether he was not the very life and soul of that awful conspiracy. You have heard it proved that the Prisoner lived at Rome as the Universal Bishop, Head of the Church and God on Earth. That he committed numberless murders. The small specimen that has been laid before you must have made too great an impression on your minds to require me to repeat them ; and these are few to the number that could have been pro- duced. Gentlemen of the Jury, you will draw your in- ferences from the testimony of the witnesses, and not from any statement of mine. There is one TRIAL OP ANTICIlRr3T. 171 witness, Mr. Historical Truth, who from the knowledge of the Prisoner's conduct for several centuries, enables him to give much evidence. His testimony is confirmed by a considerable number of Emperors, Kings, and Queens. Mar- tyrs, Reformers, and others, have c^n firmed their united testimony, and inspired Apostles have satis- factorily proved that all liis power was usurped. Gentlemen of the Jury, it has been stated by the Prisoner's counsel that the Prisoner was not at several j)laces where he is charged with com- mitting murder. That he was not at Paris on the 24th of August, 1572, and other places. This the counsel must know is a mere quibble. He was in Paris, he was in England, and in Ireland, and wherever his government extended ; where- ever his agents executed his laws. He has exis- ted under a variety of names which marks his guilt. His arrogance and ambition has no ex- ample. It is a question if even Lucifer himself could vie with him. The Prisoner has endeavor- ed to storm the skies 1 To dethrone the Almighty Thunderer ! To be Uni\ ersal Lord and claim the stars of Heaven. Gentlemen, I shall not tres- pass further upon your feelings, believing that your verdict will be according to truth. LoRU Chief Justice Revelatiox Addressed the Jury ; when overy minulias of evidence was summed up with legal precision and ability. It would, no doubt, be gratifying to some readers to have his charge at length, but the limits of the trial will not admit it. He con- 172 TBIAL OF ANTICHBIST. i eluded by observing that he left the determination of this case entirely to the consideration of the Jury; and that if they entertained a rational doubt in their minds of the guilt of the Prisoner, they ought to acquit him. The Jury did not retire from the box, but ren- dered their verdict GUILTY. The Clerk of the Crown called upon the Pris- oner at the Bar in the usual form, to know what he had to say why judp^ment of death should not be awarded against him ; when the Prisoner gave him a most expressive, sullen look, and remained silent. The Lord Chief Justice addressed the Prisoner in the most impressive manner. He told him that he had been charged with the awful crime of High Treason against the King of Kings and Lord of Lords. That he had a most patient trial, and that there was not a doubt either in the mind of the Court or Jury but that he was Guilty. He also said, that he was sure that his conscience must frequently have told him that his rebellious conductcould not fail to bringdown the vengeance of Heaven upon his guilty head. He concluded thus, " 1 call upon you now to attend to the sen- tence of the court. You Antichrist shall be taken from the place v/here you now stand to the place from whence you came, your irons are to be struck off, and you stript of all your pontifical vestments, splendor, pomp and dignity. From whence you shall be drawn upon a hurdle to the place of exe- cution, where you shall be hung with the chain of TRIAL OP ANTICHRIST. 173 restraint, but not until you are dead ; but while you arc yet alive, yoiu* churcli, which is Great liabylon shall be taken down, and you deprived of the vitals of your religion. Then a mij?hty Angel shall proclaim from Heaven louder than the most tremendous peal of thunder, Babylon the grmt is fallen, is fallen* and that the hour of your judg- ment is come. Your head or dominion shall then be struck off with the sword of God's inflexible justice, when the Lord of Hosts himself shall con- sume it with the spirit of his mouthy and destroy with the brightness of his coming.-\ Then another mighty Angel shall take vp a stone like a great mill-stone, and cast it into the sea, saying, thus with violence shall that great city Babylon (or Home) be thrown downy and shall be found no more at all,X and you shall be utterly burned with fire, for strong is the Lord whojudgeth you.^ And may the Lord have mercy upon the souls of all those who live under your government. N. B. Some Protestant writers having by mis- take, noticed the time when the sentence would be put in execution, it may not be amiss to observe that it was left entirely to His Majesty's Sovereign will and pleasure. •* Rev. xviii. 2. f 2 Thess. ii. 8. % Rev. xviii. 21. § Rev. xviii. 8.