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9 
 
 PROVINCIAL 
 
 NORMAL SCHOOLS. 
 
 TORONTO AND OTTAWA. 
 
 REGULATIONS 
 
 AND 
 
 PROGRAMME OF STUDIES. 
 
 TORONTO: 
 
 PUINTKK HV TIIK (JlUP PkINTINO AND PuBMSHINfl COMPANY, FhONT StrEKT. 
 
 1886. 
 
t 
 
 V. 
 
 <■< 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 PROVINCIAL . 
 
 NORMAL SCHOOLS. 
 
 TORONTO AND OTTAWA. 
 
 REGULATIONS 
 
 AND 
 
 PROGRAMME OF STUDIES 
 
 TORONTO 
 
 Pristku by the Grip Printing anp- PtTp.i.isHiKo noMPAKv, Front Strbrt. 
 
 1886. 
 
PROVINCIAL NORMAL SCHOOLS, TORONTO 
 
 AND OTTAWA. 
 
 PROGRAMME OF STUDIES 
 
 
 1.— EDUCATION. 
 
 1, — HISTORY OF EDUCATION. 
 
 (20 Lectures.) 
 
 Or'u/in, of Education. 
 
 (rreek Education. — Plato and A/istotle. 
 
 Roman Education. — Quintilian on the education of an orator. 
 
 Humanistic Education. — The Greek and Latin Fathers ; The Schoohnen ; 
 John Sturm 
 
 The Renaissance. — Erasmus ; Vittorino da Feltre. 
 
 The Realists. — Ratke and Comenius. 
 
 The Naturalists. — ^Rabelais and Montaign?. \ 
 
 English Humanists and Realists. — Roger Ascham and John Milton. 
 
 The Jesuits and Jausen.kts. — John Locke ; Rousseau ; Pestalozzi ; Kant, 
 Fichte and Herbart ; Jacotot ; Froebel ; Bell and Lancaster ; Wilderspin ; 
 Thomas Arnold ; Herbert Spencer ; Bain. 
 
 Text-Book. — Browning's Educational Theories. 
 
 For Reference. — Quick s Educational Reformers. 
 
 2. — SCIENCE OF EDUCATION. 
 
 (20 Lectures.) 
 
 Fourfold Division : — Physical, Intellectual, Moral, Esthetic. 
 
 The difference between man and other animals ; mind and body. 
 
 The nature of Mental Science ; its bearing on Education ; the mind ; 
 (HffereneR between mind f\^id matter ; montal faculties classified, and their 
 action illustrated ; the Rational Intuitions. 
 
 I 
 
4 
 
 The .S'en.se». -Scnsatujii and perception ; the outer and the inner sense ; 
 conHciousness ; trairiiny the senHes ; their utilization in the work of Education; 
 special value and traininii' of particular senseB. 
 
 Jiepresentatire Faealtij - Distinct and liistiiij,' images, how i)roduced ; 
 association of ideas ; imagination ; general and special memory ; cultivation 
 of menKjry and imagination ; educational use and value. 
 
 Elahomtire F<in(ltij.—U» processes; concepts, how formed; comparison; 
 abstnuition ; general'ization ; general terms; training of this faculty, and 
 value for purposes of Education; judgment and reasoning ; (lualities of judg- 
 ment ; induction ; analogy and experience ; deducticjii : demonstrative and 
 probable reasoning ; systemization. 
 
 Semihility. —Tha emotions ; those indispensable in education ; training and 
 utilization of, in work of Education ; instinct ; appetites, atiectio.is, desires. 
 
 The Will. —y^h'it is implied by ; rational will ; attention ; concentration 
 of mind ; effect of, on intellectual attainment. 
 
 Text- Book.— Bi)\t\iins Outlines of the Study of Man. 
 * For jKe/erence.— Jardine's Psycholcigy of Cognition, SuUv's Psychology, 
 Bain's Education as a Science, Spencer's Education. 
 
 iJ. — PRISCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF TEACHING. 
 
 (20 Lectnreit.) 
 
 The twofold object of teacher ; instruction and training ; preparatoiy 
 trahiing ; learning and remembering ; limitation of lessons ; notes of lessons ; 
 linking^on new knowledge to old ; general princii)les of method; illustrations; 
 use of blackboard ; text-books ; oral teaching ; examining ; (luestion and 
 answer ; formation of taste ; method with reference to particular subjects of 
 Public School work. 
 
 TeicM^oofc.— Fitch's Lectures on Teaching. 
 
 For Reference.— J ohoimot's Principles and Practice of Teacliing. 
 
 4._SCHOOL ORGANIZATION AND SCHOOL MANAGEMENT. 
 
 (20 Lectures.) 
 
 (1) Systems of Or(janization. 
 
 (rt) The Individual System.— Its characteristics ; its advantages and defects. 
 
 (b) The Matual or Monitorial S'jdem.—Tha origin and progress of the 
 system ; its characteristic feature ; the schemes of Bell and Lancaster com- 
 pared ; its advantages, defects, and shortctmiings. 
 
 (f) (Jollectirc S)j.-<fi'ms.— T\m training or Stow system ; the leading features 
 of the plan ; the'simultaneous or clas8-ro(Mn system; its principal character- 
 istics, advantages and defects. 
 
 (d) Mixed Systems. —The tripartite system ; leading features and mode of 
 working the so'heme ; its advantages and defects, 
 
 (e) The Pupil-teacher or Eiujiish Sustem.—lta origin and mode of working. 
 
 
(2.)— The School Room. 
 
 ((») Tliu phyHical conditions of Hticcessful teaching. 
 
 (h) Tlie Hize and proportion of school l)uihlingH. 
 
 ((•) Sliape, size, and disposition of rooms. 
 
 ((/) Mmie of Liiihtim. — Kinds and position of windows; importance of 
 [troper lighting 
 
 ((') Hiu'ituj anil Ventilation. — Temperature best for work in school; wann- 
 ing by stovta; by hot air; by hot- water pipes; by steam pipes; the advan- 
 tages and defects of each method ; (piantity of fresh air necessaiy to be pro- 
 vided for each child ; different methods of ventilation ; advantages and 
 defects of each method. 
 
 (/) Fitthujs and FurnUnfc. — General rules for arranging furniture ; 
 different kinds of desks, etc. 
 
 (3.) — Cla.s.sification and Arran(jement of Time. 
 
 (ft) CliDtdficdtion — The object of classification; manifold, twofold, and 
 .single systems of cliissitication , pnictical considerations respecting classifica- 
 tion, such 518 attainments, number of jjupils, number of teachers, etc. 
 
 {If Dintrihittionof Time. — General consideratiims ; method of proceeding 
 t»j draw up a time table ; specimen time-tables adaj)ted to different kinds of 
 schools. 
 
 (4.) School Government. 
 
 ((() Discipline. — What it includes ; the authority of the teacher and how it 
 is to be exercised ; what is re(iuired to iidminister discipline well ; right and 
 wrong use of mechanical drill ; connnands and mistakes in connection with 
 them. 
 
 (b) Uewardy.. — Their place as motives ; how to use and economize them. 
 
 (c) Pnnitthmeidii. — Principles to be kept in view ; characteristics of effective 
 punishments ; kinds of punishment in common use ; the sense of shame ; 
 tiusks as punishment ; the best kinds of punishment. 
 
 Te.ct-Bo()k.— Fitch's Lectures ; Baldwin's Art of School Management. 
 
 For Reference. — Landon's School Management. 
 
 
 Critical reading 
 standard author. 
 
 II.— ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. 
 
 1. — ENGLISH LITERATURE. 
 
 (20 Lectures.) 
 play ' r Shakespeare or the work of some other 
 
 )f 
 
 2. — PRACTICAL ENGLISH. 
 
 {20 Lectnres.) 
 
 Pronunciation. — What is meant by correct pronunciati<ni ; what constitutes 
 the standard i>f pronunciation ; the principles that underlie this art ; the 
 rules that are serviceable ; words in general use liable to be mispronounced ; 
 the differoiit soMv.ds of Ifitters a.nd tlu^ methods of re')resentin<i them. 
 
 I 
 
6 
 
 Text-Book. — A-yres' ( )roth< (opiat . 
 IVonh. — Their uses and tlieir construction. 
 
 LfUKjiKifjc—Hiylti ; errors in the use t»f words ; errors in construction. 
 T:'.ii-Book. — Ayroa' Verbalist. 
 
 For /if/t-reHce.— Hodgson's Errors in English ; White's Every Day English ; 
 White's Words and their Uses. 
 
 in.— HYGIENE. 
 
 (20 LectnreH.) 
 
 Intrcdiictioh . — Dehnition and objects. Results of attention and inattention 
 to proi)er sanitary conditions. 
 
 J/,.. — The blood; its circulation; c) v?ige8 it undergoes; tho action of 
 oxygen on it. The means by 'nch oxygen is bi'ought into contact with the 
 blood. The lungs, their structure, mechanism, and chemistry of respiration. 
 Impurities of air ; their sources and their effects. Amount of carbon dioxide 
 in air normally ; amount which may be allowed, which tesults from respira- 
 tion, tires, lights, and sickness. Amount of fresh air recjuired, cubic space 
 and hourly supply. Position and size of outlet and inlet openings. Natural 
 ventilation in winter, in summer, — warming, artificial ventilation. Examina- 
 tion of the air, by senses, by* simple chemical test; thermometer, hygrometer, 
 barometer. 
 
 CUmatologij. — Hygienic influences of soils, slojies, marshes, bodies of water. 
 Prevailing winds. Sunlight. Location of_|school houses. 
 
 Infection anil Co)if(i<jU)n. — Theories and facts regarding their propagation. 
 Description of infecti )us diseases ; period of incubation ; 8im])l.i3 rules and 
 precautions regarding them. 
 
 Disinfection and Di^infectdiits. — The more common disinfectants, and how 
 to use them. 
 
 Clothirui. — Purposes to be subserved by clothing ; properties of conunon 
 materials ; effects of compression by clothing 
 
 Bathimj. — Structure and physiology of skin. Proper conditions for bath- 
 ing, as to temperature, digestion, exercise, precaution ; resuscitation of the 
 apparently drowned. 
 
 Foods. — Proximate principles, classes, purposes secured by each class. 
 
 Onjam of Dlgestio'i. — Description, structure and physiological action of 
 them, deducti; lis. 
 Alcohol. — Not needed as food. Its effects on the tissues. 
 
 Water. — Its action and purposes in the human system, source.s, coutamina- 
 tion, examination, color, taste, smell ; simple chemical tests. 
 
 jg;,|(,. — Its structure, defects of vision explained, how remedied, how to 
 preserve the sight. 
 The Ear. — Its structure. Care of the ear. 
 
 School Fiimitvre. — Adaptation of seats and desks to the pupils. Defor- 
 mities caused by nej^lect. 
 
I^U 
 
 Ph)is!,<il /;. .'(■<•(«.■.— Physiology of luusclo. Rational and irratioml athlotica. 
 ( •yniuastics, caliathonica. recreations for suianier, winter, for hoys, girls. 
 The play-groinul. 
 
 M>nfiil A'..7'n'i,w.— Age. ^.nunnit and variety of work, of home-work. 
 Change and recreation between tasks. Rest and sleep. 
 
 How to treat injuries fnnn ro-ctd.'H^.s.— Fainting, suffocation, strangidation, 
 ihoking, bleeding from nose, wounds, blows on the head, blows on aklomen. 
 
 IV.— CHEMISTRY. 
 
 (30 Lectures.) 
 
 Definition of Chemistry and chemical action. Elements and comjiounds. 
 Indestructibility of matter. Law of definite proportions. Chemical com- 
 jiounds and mechanicax mixtures. Ctmstitution of nuitter. i* vogadro's Law 
 and deductions from it. The principles of chemical momenclature. Formuhe 
 and equations. 
 
 0,,i/;/r,(.— Its preparation and properties. Oxides, acids alkalies, bases 
 and hydrates. AUotropic oxygen or oztme. 
 Hydrofieii. — Its preparation and properties. 
 Nitroijeii. — Its preparation and properties. 
 Carbon. — Its preparation and i)ropertie8. 
 
 Chemical calculations. Calculations of ((uantities by volume and by weight. 
 Reductifm of gaseous volumes t(. standard pressure and temperature. 
 
 Carbon IHoxi<le.—lts preparation and pr(»perties. Its decompositicm in 
 plants by surdight. Its production by combustion, respiration, and fermen- 
 tation. 
 
 Carbon Moiioxidf. — Its preparaticm and properties. 
 Nitric Jc/(/.--Its compositicm, preparation, properties, Mses and tests. 
 i 'ompoinids of Ni*ro(ien and Ox-i/f/en.— Nitrogen, monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, 
 Dalton's Atomic Theory. 
 
 Aiiunonia.— Its. preparation by the use of nascent of hydrogen and 
 nitrogen. Dift'erence between elements in the free and in the nascent state. 
 Its liberation by the decomposition of organic nitrogeneous substances. Its 
 l)reparation by the action of slaked lime on sal-ammcmiac. Its properties. 
 Its importance in agricultuve. The significance oi its occurrence in certain 
 well-waters. 
 
 Wafer. — Its formation, properties and composition. Determination of com- 
 position by analysts and by synthesis. Hard and soft water. Causes of per- 
 manent and temporary hardness. Modes of softening water for domestic 
 purposes. The significance of the presence of organic matter ni water .ind 
 simple tests for its presence. 
 
 The Atmosphere.— Its composition by weight and by volume. Constancy 
 of composition. Diffusion of gases. The presence and us^ in it of ozone, 
 aiiueous vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia. 
 
8 
 
 Light and heavy Carburetted Hydrogen and Coal Gas.— Theiv preparation 
 and properties. 
 
 Gomhxution.—Comhustihles and supporters of combustion . The composition 
 of ordinary fuel or combustion in a grate or stove. Nature of flame. Lumin- 
 osity of a flame. The flame of a candle, the Bunsen Burner, the blowpipe, 
 the Davy lamp. 
 
 CMorine.~lta preparation and properties. The theory of bleacliing by 
 chlorine. Hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Snlphnr.— lis occurrence in nature and allotropic modifications. Sulphur 
 dioxide, sulphurous nxjid and sulphites. Sulphuric acid and sulphates 
 
 Phonphoriis —Its preparation, properties, allotropic modifications, and uses. 
 
 Text-Books —Reynolds', Miller's, or B-oscoe's Chemistry. 
 
 NOTE.-Th- experiments are niade in tlie simplest manner possible. The obj^ect ainied at is (l) 
 to make the ej. sriment understood, (2) to have them explained bj' * \V.*"''* Kiiflff,^;, ilTpar^^^^ 
 studeut to render un account to himself of natural phenomena and (4) to enable the future teacher 
 to repeat them with very little cost. In order to accomplish the latter p'lrpose, opportunities are 
 afforded for practical work in the Uboratorj, under the supervision of the Science Master. 
 
 v.— PHYSICS. 
 
 (30 Lectures.) 
 
 HEAT, LIGHT, ANU ELECTRICITY. 
 1. — HEAT. 
 
 General effects of heat upon solids, liquids and gases. Expansion of solids, 
 liijuids, and gases compared. Coefticient of expansions, linear, superficial 
 and cubical. 
 
 Appiication of expaiimm — ThernKjmeters ; Harrison's Gridiron Pendulum ' 
 Graham's Mercurial Pendulum. 
 
 W'ater.— 'Coefficient of expansion compared with the coefiicient of alcohol 
 and mercury dependence of boiling point on external pressure; maximum 
 density and anomalous expansion and contraction. 
 
 (^(^,.,,e,.j._ -Coefticient of e.vpansion ; Boyle's Law and Law of Charles; fire 
 balloons ; ventilation ; sun's action in generating winds ; trade winds. 
 
 AqiieoiiH Fttpor.—C<mstitutional, chemical and physical; meaning of term, 
 saturated ; clouds and rain. 
 
 Specific /leai.—Definition ; different methods of hnding specific lieat ; 
 specific heat of water, alcohol, mercury ; the influence of the high specific 
 heat of water upon climate. 
 
 LcdentHent. — Latent heat of water ; change which occurs when a block of 
 ice below the freezing point is converted into stA^am ; the change of tempera- 
 ture due to the mixture of st^am and water in various proportions ; freezing 
 mixtures. 
 
 Co^'dmfUm. — ^ solids, liquids, and gjises ; the low power of conduction of 
 orgsinic substances ; effects of mechanical texture on the trjtlisn.'ssion of heat. 
 
9 
 
 (h^iriection. — Distribution of heat through licjuids and air generally. 
 
 Radiation. — The different powers possessed by substances to radiate heat ; 
 the reciprocity of radiation and absorption. 
 
 Mechaniccd Theory of Htat.—The mechanical equivalent of heat ; api-lica- 
 tion of mechanical theory to combustion ; to the phenomena of specific heat, etc. 
 
 The Couservation of Energy. 
 
 2. — LIGHT. 
 
 Sensation of light, how caused ; rays of light proceed in straight lines ; 
 applications. 
 
 Mode of determining the velocity of light by eclipses of Jupiter's satellites. 
 
 The causes of shadow ant" penumbra. 
 
 Reflection. —L&WB of reflection ; reflection from plane mirrors ; inversion of 
 images ; distance of image behind a looking-glass is eqaal to distance of object 
 in front of glass ; the multiplication of images by angular mirrors ; kaleid- 
 oscope. 
 
 Refraction. — Laws of refraction ; illustration and application of refraction. 
 
 Lenses. —The effects of lenses ; the principal focus of a lens ; the magic 
 lantern. 
 
 The Eijc. — The optical structure of the eye ; the conditions of distinct vision ; 
 the causes and remedies of long and short sight ; the principles of binocular 
 vision ; the stereoscope. 
 
 The composite character of white light ; the doctrine of colors as introduced 
 by absorption. 
 
 3. — ELECTRICITY. 
 
 (1.) — Frictional Electrlcitij. 
 
 The mode of exciting bodies by friction; the action of rubbed and unrubbed 
 vitreous bodies on each other ; the action of rubbed aud unrubbed resinous 
 bodies upon each other ; the action of vitreous bodies upon resinous bodies, 
 and the reverse ; from these facts deduction of law tliat similarly electrified 
 repel, and that dissimilarly electrified attract each other. 
 
 Provisional conception called theory of elec'^^'ic fluids; positive and negative 
 electricity ; mode of determining the quality of the electricity with which any 
 body is charged. 
 
 Electric induction and application of theory of electric fluids to explanation 
 of these phenomena. 
 
 The electroph«)rus and its mode of action. 
 
 The Leyden Jar. 
 
 The distribution of electricity on the surface of conductors ; the theory of 
 lightning conductors. 
 
 (2. ) — Volta ic Eleciricity. 
 
 Simplest metiiod of generating a voltaic current. 
 Daniel's, Orove's and Bichromate of Potash batteries. 
 
 I 
 
10 
 
 The magnetical effects of the circuit ; the action of «^^^ ^;!"-«"^ J^oH 
 filings ; iti action on a freely suspended magnetic needle ; it^ act^"" "P"^'^ •* 
 ba?of iron placed within a coil round which the current circulates. 
 
 Ruhmkorff's coil ; the magneto-electric machine. 
 
 Some of the chemical effects of the current. 
 
 The principle of the telegraph, the telephone, electric bells and the tire 
 alarm. 
 
 Text-Book.— Gage's Physics. 
 
 For REFBRENC-E.-Tyndall's Heat a Mode of Motion ; Mayor and Barnard s 
 Light ; Tyndall's Electricity. , 
 
 NOTE.-AS in Che„,Utry .reat "nportance is attached to the appU^^^^^^^^ 
 explanation of the physical phenomena of daily life. Ihe experiments aie 
 repeat. 
 
 VI.— BOTANY. 
 
 (20 Lectures. ) . 
 
 I.— Chemical Preliminaries. 
 The comp<.9ition of air, water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. 
 The composition of starch, cellulose, sugars, albuminoids. 
 The most important ingredients in the ash of plants. 
 
 2.—Histolo(iical Preliminaries. 
 The chemical and physical properties of protoplasm. 
 The structure of the vegetable cell. 
 The mode of growth of tissues. 
 The distinctive characters of parenchyma, prosenchyma, and vascular tissue. 
 
 S,— General Strnchtre of Flowerin<i Plants. 
 
 The use and structure of roots. 
 
 The general structure and special modifications of stems. 
 
 The structure and position of buds ; vernation. 
 
 The different parts of the leaf : stipules, petiole, blade; their special modih- 
 
 '''ThT" minute structure of leaves; fibro-vascular framework, intercellular 
 spaces, epidermis, stomato. 
 
 Infloresence. difference between definite and indefinite ; ^^^ ^ishiKUve 
 character of the following kinds: raceme, spike, spadix, coiyiub, panicle, 
 umbel, heatl, cyme. 
 
 The envel.,ping and essential organs of the flower ; aestivation. 
 
 The modification of the flower due to cohesion, adhesion, and suppression 
 of the various parts. . 
 
 Morphological comparison of the leaf, floral envelopes, stamens and carpels. 
 
11 
 
 Fruit and its different forms ; the distinctive character of the following 
 kinds ; achene, nut, drupe, berry, pod, capsule. 
 
 The general process of plant nutrition. 
 
 The movement of fluids in the plant. 
 
 4. — General Clasdjication of Plants. 
 o.—The Characters, iHchulhuj yeueral properties of the follow it uj natural m-ders: 
 
 Ranunculaceee, or Crowfoot family. 
 Cruciferie, or Cress Family. 
 Malavcete, or Mallow Family. 
 Leguminosa), or Pulse Family. 
 Rosacea?, or Rose Family. 
 Sapindacea?, or Soapberry Family. 
 Umbellifene, or Parsley Family. 
 Compo8i':je, or Sunflower Family. 
 Labiataj, or Mint Family. 
 
 Trilliacese, or Trillium Family. 
 
 Lilliacete, or Lily Family. 
 
 Iridacea', or Iris Family. 
 
 Text-Books.— Macoun and Spotton's Botany, or Gray's How Plants Grow. 
 
 MoTR —This Syllabus does not indicate the order in 'vhich the subjects are discussed. This 
 onler depenils on the faci itv with which specimens may bi' obtained. The course is made as prac- 
 tical as possible. 
 
 VII.— ZOOLOGY. 
 
 (20 Lectures.) 
 
 Intr ai I nctonj. -Definition of Zoology Distinction between animals and 
 plants. Proti)plasm and life. Cells and tissues. Organs and their functions. 
 Adaptation oi Organs. Classification. 
 
 I. — INVERTEBRATA. 
 
 The general characters and classification of the invertebrate animals. 
 I,— Protozoa. —The Amoeba, its structure and life history. 
 2. Porifera or )Spom/e».— General character of sponges. 
 ?i. CMeitfcrata.— Genera] characters of ccelentrates. Hydra; Medusa? ; 
 Polyps (corals), and coral islands. 
 
 4. Echinodermata.— General cliaiacters of echinoderms. Star-fish, sea- 
 urchins. 
 
 5. Vermes or H''«)»i.s.— General characters. Tape-worm ; trichina spiralis, 
 earth worms and leeches. 
 
 I 
 
12 • 
 
 6. Mo«itsca.— General characters. Clam ; snail ; oyster. 
 
 7. Arthropoda {Gmdaceam and lH«ecf«. )— General characters of arthroixjds. 
 Ontstocea.— General characters of crustaceans ; the lobster, 
 J»i.secttt.— General character of Insects. Nervous system ; breathing appa- 
 ratus ; seeing apparatus, sense of touch ; uses ; metamorphosis. 
 
 Sub-Class I. Myriopexla.— General characters. 
 
 Sub-Class II. Arachnida.— General characters. Spiders and scorpions. 
 
 Sub-Class III. ifeu;o/)oda.— General characters. 
 
 Order 1. J^e.tro/)fem.— General characters. May flies ; dragon flies. 
 
 Order 2. (M/i<*/)/era. -General characters. Grasshoppers; crickets; 
 locusts. 
 
 Order 3. Hemiptera.—Qeneral characters. Sciuash-bug ; cochineal insect. 
 
 Order 4. Oo/eo/)f«/'a.— General characters. Beetles. 
 
 Order 6. !)//}/*'/•<».— General characters. The common house-fly. 
 
 Order 6. LepUhptem.- General characters. Butterflies and moths. 
 
 Order?. J/j/me»ui/)<*'m.— General characters. Bees. 
 
 II. vertebrata. 
 General character of vertebrates ; classification of vertebrates. 
 
 l.—Piscex (Sharks, Rays, Stnrfieons, GarplJies, and hony Jishes.) 
 General characters of fishes. 
 
 2.—Batrachm {Salamanders, Toads, and Froys.) 
 General characters of batrachians. 
 
 •i.—Reptilia {Lizards, Snakes, Turtles, ami Crocoddes.) 
 General characters of reptiles. 
 
 4. — Aves {Birds). 
 
 General characters of birds. Ducks and geese ; cranes ; liens, partridge, 
 turkey ; pigeon ; owls ; eagles ; woodpeckers ; crows ; sparrows ; swallows ; 
 robins. 
 
 6. — Ma.nmalia {Mammals). 
 
 General character of mammals. Opossums and kangaroos ; sloths and ant 
 eaters ; rats, sciuirrels, beavers ; moles ; bats ; whales ; elephants ; ox, camel, 
 pig, deer, horse ; tapir ; sheep, cow ; bear, cat, tiger, lion ; man. 
 
13 
 
 
 ant 
 lel. 
 
 VIII.- DRAWING. 
 
 (40 Lessons.) 
 
 («) Direction — straight and curved ; Division of lines. 
 
 (6) Position— horizontal ; vertical ; oblique ; parallel ; perpendicular ; 
 inclined. 
 
 (c) Combination of lines to form angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, and mul- 
 tilaterals. 
 
 (d) Curved line figures — circle, oval and eclipse. 
 
 {e) Reverse curves, circular, elliptical, or ovoid in character. 
 
 2. — Desigtmuj. 
 
 («) Construction of simple ornamental forms or units of design; symmetry, etc. 
 
 (fc) Various ways of modifying a unit of design. 
 
 ((•) Various ways of repeating a unit of design in ornamentation. 
 
 (rf) Conventionalizjition of ])lant forms, viz. , flowers and leaves. 
 
 (c) Ai)plication of conventional forms in ornamentation. 
 
 (/) Various ways of producing variety of designs. 
 
 ((/) Designing (1) simple ornamental forms, or rosettes within a square or 
 circle as an enclosing figure ; (2) borders either vertical or horizontal ; (3) 
 patterns for covering surfaces, as floors, etc. 
 
 3. — Object or Model Drawituj, and Freehand Perspective. 
 
 (a) Judging distances by arms length measurements, or by the eye alone . 
 
 (h) Indicating by means of construction lines and guide dots, the propor- 
 tions of the vase models. 
 
 (c) Outlining the vase forms from the round models, without shade or per- 
 spective effect. 
 
 (rf) The effect of distance and change in position, on the apparent size and 
 form of a circle. 
 
 (e) Freehand perspective outline of the vase models, and similar objects in 
 any position. 
 
 (/) The effect of distance and change in position, on the apparent size and 
 form of planes and rectangular objects. 
 
 (g) Freehand persi)ective outline of rectangular objects, without shfide or 
 shadow. 
 
 (h) The outlines of plant forms, as leaves and flowers. 
 
 4. — Workitig Drawings, or Constnu'tive Dratoimjs. 
 
 (a) Terms used : Vertical and horizontal planes ; intersection line ; placing 
 line (the indefinite vertical), plan, elevation, section, shade lines, half tint. 
 
 (6) Plans, clcvatiuns and sections of common objects, as cubes, prianis, 
 cylinders, benches, tables, chairs, bolts, screws, mouldings, etc. 
 (c) Lettering and giving the various readings of working drawings. 
 
14 
 
 * 5. — Scientific Pempective, 
 
 (a) Horizontal— Perspective of lines ; planes ; rectangular and n.tund 
 ctbjects touching the picture plane or within it. 
 
 (b) Angular— Perspective of lines ; planes ; rectangular and rotund objects 
 touching the picture plane or foreground. 
 
 (c) Solutions of problems in horizontal and angular perspective. 
 
 G. — Practical Geometry, 
 (ct) Lines— Bisection ; perpendiculars ; parallels ; divisions of a line into 
 equal parts. 
 
 (h) Angles— Construction of angles of given magnitude, bisection of angles, 
 and trisection of right angles. 
 
 (c) Triangles— Construction of triangles with side of given length. 
 d) Polygons— Construction of square and oblong, 
 
 (e) Circles — Circle completed from given arc ; centre found ; centre inscribed 
 within, or described about a circle or a square. 
 
 7. — Miscellanemis, 
 (rt) Methods of teaching each subject discussed. 
 
 (6) Exercises in Dictation, Memory and Time Drawing ; Reduction and 
 Enlargement of Drawings. 
 
 (c) Teachers-in-training co have practice in methixls of teaching Drawing. 
 Text-Books.— Authorized Drawing Books. 
 
 IX.— MUSIC. 
 
 (40 Lessons.) 
 
 PRELIMINARY TRAINING. 
 
 Breathing exercises. 
 Singing the scale with vowels. 
 Singing the scale with syllables. 
 Rote singing. 
 
 SINGINO JvV NOTE. 
 
 Exercises in time and tune. 
 
 Exei-cises and songs in keys of C. G. D. A. E. 
 
 Exercises and songs in keys F. B. fiat, E. flat, A. flat. 
 
 (Breathing exercises continued.) 
 
 Text-Book.— Puhhc School Music Reader. 
 
 SONGS IN TWO AND THREE PARTS. 
 
 Advanced exercises in s.ime keys (one part). 
 Easy two-part exercises and songs. 
 Easy three-part exercises and songs. 
 Advanced two and three-part exercises and songs. 
 Text-Book.— High School Music Reader. 
 
15 
 
 SONG IN THREK AND POUR PARTS, 
 
 Part songs for mixed voices, in three and four parts. 
 (Lessons in teaching, with practice throughout the term.) 
 
 X.— CALISTHENICS. 
 
 (20 Lessons, ivith Exercises.) 
 
 Positions of walking, standing, and running, (1) for boys, (2) for girls. 
 
 Exercises for the chest, neck, fingers and feet. 
 
 Exercises with rods, dumb bells and clubs. 
 
 Exercises in jumping, bending the body and limbs. 
 
 Length of pace for young ladies ; for gentlemen. 
 
 Positions of the arms and hands in walking with and without articles, such 
 as hand-bags, parcels, etc. 
 
 XI.— MILITARY DRILL. 
 
 (20 Lessons, until Exercises.) 
 
 Position of attention, and standing at ease. 
 
 Squad drill. Extension motions. 
 
 Turning — Length uf paces for men. 
 
 Number of paces per minute in slow, quick and double time. 
 
 Increasing and decreasing the front of a body of men. 
 
 Moving by fours. Length of pace required. 
 
 Side pace, length, etc. 
 
 For Reference. — Hughes' Drill and Calisthenics. 
 
 XII.— METHOD. 
 
 Revieio and Method of ttachiiuj the foUowiwj subjects : 
 
 1. LANGUAGE LESSONS, GRAMMAR, ANALYSLS, COMPOSITION, SPELLING. 
 
 (20 Lectures.) 
 
 Latigucuje iessons. —Object : to teach th.^ formation and expression of ideas. 
 IVinciples of this teaching derived from the study of perceptive powers. 
 
 Course of Lessons : 
 
 1. Naming objects (present and absent) for clear ideas of single objects and 
 their names. Answers full, simple sentences and correct pronunciation ; 
 Reading and writing as accompaniments. 
 
16 
 
 2. Lessons on nuufle objects for ideas of .ninyle quilities and their names ; 
 express thoughts in speech and writing. 
 
 3. Lessons on parU of siiuile objects, naming the parts for clear ideas of 
 parts and their names ; second kind of lessons continued for review and for 
 new ideas; sight first appealed to, then call touch, taste, and smell into 
 activity ; written exercises, special forms of expression. 
 
 4. Lessons on single objects for distinct ideas and their expression ; All the 
 senses used in order ; Elementary definit ons, descriptions, reviews, slate 
 exerciies, special forms of expression ; uses of objects. 
 
 5. Comparison of objects for differences and resemblances ; slate exercises, 
 special forms of expression. 
 
 6. Lessons for teaching the format' on and express on of ideas of,— -Form, 
 extent, number, color, weight and capacity, position and direction, minerals, 
 pl.«nts and animals. The principles oi this teaching ; the grades of lessons ; 
 the ideas and vocabulary ; the special forms of expression ; the method ; the 
 primary aim. 
 
 Grammar — Or.^l Course. 
 
 1. Classification.— Order in which parts of speech should be presented to 
 pupils ; method of presenting each part of speech ; drill review, practical 
 exercises. 
 
 2. Snh-Class fi'-at I on. —What sub- classes of each part of speech should be 
 presented ; methods of presenting ; method of review and practical exercises ; 
 independent parts of speech ; qualifiers ; connectives. 
 
 3. Inflexions.— 'iiieceasury inflexions of each part of speech defined, and 
 methods of presenting discussed ; review and practical exercise. 
 
 4. Relation of words from a purely gramnxatical standpoint or based on 
 analysis . 
 
 5. Further sub-classification and inflection ; subject discussed more 
 minutely. 
 
 Text-Book Course : Plan : arrangement of matter ; methods of presenting 
 the various parts of this course ; oral course taken as basis. 
 
 Analysls. 
 
 1. Subject and Predicate, Phrase and Clause. 
 
 2. Adjuncts of subject and predicate, object or complement, predicate 
 nominative, predicate adjective, direct and indirect objects. 
 
 3. Different kinds of adjuncts, different kinds of subject, and of object, 
 subordinate clauses. 
 
 4. Complex and compound sentences ; contracted, collateral, elliptical 
 sentences. 
 
 5. Synthesis, or building up of sentences. 
 
 Composition.— Arising out of Grammar Course ; lessons graded as in that 
 Course, and of the nature of practical illustration on successive steps. 
 
 Text-Books.— Whiivey& Grammar and Language Lessons. 
 
 Spelllnfi. -General principles for teaching spelling orally and by writing 
 from dictation, discussed and practically illustrated. 
 
 I 
 
17 
 
 •/ 
 
 2. — Reading, 
 
 (20 Lectures and Exercises.) 
 
 Mead in<i.— A\\thnhGtic, word, object, phonic, phonetic and sentence, 
 methods of presenting first Reading Lessons, discussed— relative value of each 
 discussed- practical illustrations with general principles for guidance. 
 
 Advancetl Readiiuj.—QusMtien of good readhig, and how produced ; 
 cultivation of the voice, organs of speech ; pitch ; time ; inflection ; modula- 
 tion, &c. ; practical application of general principles 
 
 Book of Reference for Pronunciation.— kyve^' Orthoepist. 
 
 3 — WRITING. 
 
 (20 Lessons.) 
 
 Pen-holding movement, position, movements, exercises, principles, 
 elements, form, size, slant, widths, heights, figures, letters, characters, lights, 
 shades, spaces, measures and measurements, classification, grouping, analysis, 
 tracing, counting, printing, dictation, line-drawing, blackboard writing, 
 lesson outlnies, repetition, intersection, succession, symmetry and harmony. 
 
 English, Irish, French, American and Canadian systems and methods of 
 act^uiring and teaching, contrasted and harmonized. 
 
 Exercises to develop the idea of correctness ; and exercises to develop the 
 habit of speed in writing. 
 
 4. — ARITHMETIC. 
 
 (20 Lectures ) 
 
 Objects to be aimed at in teaching Arithmetic. Inductive and deductive 
 methods of teaching this subject. General principles to be observed. 
 Common errors in teaching Arithmetic, and how to avoid them. 
 
 Simple Rules.— How to introduce the Simple Rules. Teaching of numbers, 
 notation, addition table ; addition, devices to insure accuracy and rapidity. 
 Subtraction by decomposition and by equal additions. Multiplication and 
 division generally. 
 
 Application of Simple Rides to Solution of Problems. 
 
 Canadian Currency. 
 
 Measures and Multiples. 
 
 Fractions.— Methods of introducing fractions and connecting them with 
 previous rules. Methods of deducing the different rules in fractions. The 
 meaning of nmltiplication of fractions, and its connection with ordinary mul- 
 tiplication. 
 
 Decimal Fractions.— Their nature and connection with our ordinary system 
 of notation. 
 
 Reduction and Compound Rules.— Their place in Arithmetic discussed. 
 When they should be introduced and to what extent. 
 
 Commercial Arithmetic— 'Practice, comn iHsion; interest, discount, stocks, 
 partnership, alligation, exchange, involution and evolution. 
 
 Mental JLriY/ime^u-.— Importance of its v.alue. How to teach it-. 
 
 Text-Books.— Kirkland and Scott's Arithmetic, Hamblin Smith's Arithmetic, 
 McLellan's Mental Arithmetic. 
 
 2 
 
f 
 
 18 
 
 5.- Al.iiKHRA. 
 
 (10 Lrtinr.'i.) 
 
 History of the scieiico. Antlnnetical Alj^ehra. SyinlMila of (iimntity, 
 symbols of operation. Notation and first |)nnci])le8. Definition of signs. 
 Extension f)f definitions. Laws of conil)ination. Proofs of tlie rules for the 
 signs in multiplication anil divisifin. Symmetry and its application Exam- 
 ples in synnuetry. Mathematical inductiim. ReinaindLir after division. 
 Factoring. Measures and multii)le8. Algebraic fractions : their ditiei-ence 
 from arithmetical fractions ; proofs of the rules, application of the ])rinciple8 
 (jf symmetry and factors to the simplification of fractions. Ratio and propor- 
 tion. Complete scjuares and cubes. Sjjccial uiethods of solving eipiatious. 
 
 Text-Bitok. — McLellan's Algebra. 
 
 ' » 
 
 0. — EUrLID AND MENSURATION. 
 
 (10 Lertu iTH.) 
 
 EhcIUI. — History of Euclid's Elements. Defects and merits oi the work. 
 Methods of teaching Geometry. Objects to be aimed at, and errors to be 
 avoided. Criticisms of Euclid's definitions. Postulates and axioms. Demon- 
 strati(ms direct and indirect. Classification jf propositiims. Riders and 
 problems. Geometrical analysis and its application to the solution of problem^s. 
 
 Metmuratinn. — Objects to be aimed at in teaching Mensuration. To find 
 the area of rectangle and from it to deduce area of sfpiare, parallelogram, 
 triangle, and circle. Examjjles and special methods of solutions Solids ; 
 cube, prism, cylinder, pyramid, cone, and sphere. 
 
 7. — HISTORY ANii (JEOfJRAPHY, 
 
 (10 Lectitre,%) 
 
 Hls*or\i. — The purpose of historical teaching. Text-Books and methcKls of 
 using them. Methods of teaching, chrcjnological and topical. Selection of 
 facts to be taught. Biography in History. Poetry in History. Hints on 
 teaching ; errors to be avoided. A first lesson in History. 
 
 Geoyraphij. — Objects to be aimed at. Mainly useful f*»r information. It« 
 discipiinal value. Right methods of teaching it and how to arrive at them. 
 The Synthetic and Analytic methods discussed. Home Geography. Lessonn 
 on earth and water. Order of geographical facts. Use of globe and maj>». 
 Mathematical Geography. Physical Geography and its influence on nationaJ 
 character. Illustrations of the effects of physical conditions on nsiionftl 
 history. Commercial Geography. Descriptive Geography, 
 
 I 
 
 8. — OB.JKCT tEMSOS.H. 
 
 (5 Lecturen.) 
 
 Subject* for Object Leswons. Definite .aim — Unity. Hints on teaching : 
 errors to be avoided. Deveh)pment lessons on form, colour, (pialities, etc. 
 Information Lessons. 
 
1 
 
 19 
 
 REGULATIONS. 
 
 OENEUAL. 
 
 There shall ho twn sesnionH of the Provincial Normal .ScIiooIh in eacii 
 year :— The hrst, opening on the third Tuesday in .ranuary, and closing on 
 the third Friday in June ; the second, opening on the third Tuesday in 
 August, and closing n(»t later than the twenty-second of Deceniher. 
 
 The hours of daily work shall he from 9 a.m. to 12, and from l.oO i).ni. to 
 4 p.m. The daily sessions shall l)e opened and closed as prescribed in the 
 Regulations for Public Schools. 
 
 The students .shall lodge and board in such houses only us are ai)proved 
 by the Principal ; and shall not be out of their boarding-houses after 10 p.m. 
 Ladies and gentlemen shall not board at the same house. Oomnumication of 
 every kind between the sexes is strictly prohioited. 
 
 DUTIES OF THE PRINCIPAL. 
 
 The Principal shall l)e responsible for the discipline, classihcation and 
 organization of the Normal School students ; he shall prescribe the duties of 
 the Masters, subject to the approval of the Minister of Education ; lie shall 
 cause such examinations to be held from time to time as may be deemed 
 necessary, and keep a record of the same ; he shall give such direction to the 
 officers of the Normal School as will secure the efficiency of the service. 
 
 DUTIES OF THK MA.STER.S. 
 
 The Masters shall be responsible to the Principal for the order, dis- 
 ciplhie, and general progress of their chisses ; they shall report monthly to 
 the Principal the standing of each .student in the subjects of their depart- 
 ments, and daily, the absence of any student from tlieir chusses. 
 
 DUTIE.S OF .STUDENTS. 
 
 Every student shall attend regularly and i)unctually all the classes 
 during the term ; he shall conduct himself with becoming courtesy towards 
 his teachers and fellow students ; he shall make reparation for all damage 
 caused by him to furniture tir other property bek)nging to the school, and he 
 shall submit to such discipline as may be recjuired by the Principal or Masters 
 of the Normal School . 
 
 ('OITRSE OF STUDY. 
 
 Th« course of study in the Normal Schools shall embrace the history, 
 science and art of education, school organization and management, school 
 hygiene, practical English and English literature, natural .science, mathenm- 
 tics, drawing and writing, music, drill and calisthenics, as defined in the 
 Syllabus of Lectures prescribed by the Education Department. 
 
 PRACTICAL TEACHING. 
 
 Every student shall be recjuired to conduct classes in tne Model 
 School, and to teach such subjects sis he may be directed under the super- 
 vision of the masters of the Normal and teachers of the Model Scliool. 
 
20 
 
 EXAMINATIONS. 
 
 The closing oxaininiition Hhall be extended over the liist two weeks of the 
 SeHsi'in and shall V)e conducted by the Principal of each Hchool. 
 
 The Examiners to conduct the tinal exanvination in pmctical teaching and 
 to prepare papers in the subjects in the syllabus of examination, shall be 
 designated by the Chairman of the Central Committee. 
 
 In Drawing, Writing, Music, Calisthenics, Drill and Reading, the reports 
 of the respective Masters. shall be accepted as tinal, unlii«a otherwise ordered. 
 
 The examination in practical teaching shall be conducted >n the last three 
 days but one of the Session. 
 
 Of the marks in practical teaching 400 shall be awarded by the Principal 
 and 100 by the Examiners appointed by the Chairman of the Central Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 Unless otherwise ordered the answers of the students at the tinal examina- 
 tion shall be reail by the Principals and such members of the Nonnal and 
 Mi;ael School statfs as the PrinciiMtl may call to his assistance ; and the results 
 shall be declared at the closing exercises. A minimum hi each subject of 40 
 per cent, and 60 per cent, on the aggregate will be re(iuired for pass. The 
 students' work during the whole session will also bo considered. 
 
 SUBJjlCTS FOR FINAL EXAMINATION. 
 
 Subject. 
 
 TiMK. 
 
 Makks 
 Arj,owEn. 
 
 I \ 
 
 History of Education 
 
 Science of Education 
 
 Principles and Practice of Education 
 
 School Organization and School Management . 
 
 English Literature 
 
 Practical English 
 
 Hygiene 
 
 Chemistry 
 
 Physics 
 
 Botany 
 
 Zoology 
 
 Drawnig 
 
 Writing 
 
 Music 
 
 Calisthenics 
 
 Drill. 
 
 Language Lessons, Grammar, etc 
 
 Reading 
 
 Arithmetic 
 
 Algebra 
 
 Practical Teaching in Normal and Model Schools . 
 
 1()U1\ 
 
 100 
 
 It 
 
 150 
 
 a 
 
 150 
 
 ik 
 
 150 
 
 (( 
 
 100 
 
 u 
 
 100 
 
 (1 
 
 100 
 
 It 
 
 100 
 
 it 
 
 100 
 
 <( 
 
 100 
 
 II 
 
 100 
 
 II 
 
 100 
 
 II 
 
 100 
 
 II 
 
 100 
 
 «( 
 
 100 
 
 14 
 
 100 
 
 41 
 
 im 
 
 II 
 
 KtO 
 
 II 
 
 150 
 
 II 
 
 100 
 
 41 
 
 500 
 
 MODEL SCHOOL, 
 
 The Masters of the Model School shall act under the direction of the 
 Principal of the Normal School, and shall be responsible to him for the 
 order, discipline and progress of the pupils attending the Model School . 
 
>> 
 
 f 
 
 21 
 
 Tim toniiH i>f tln) Model ScIkkiIh shall coneHpond tii tlioHo in High Schools, 
 and exoo|)t to till uj) vaciuiuiuH, piipilH hIuiII bo adniittud only at the beginning 
 of a tonn. 
 
 The RegulatioiiH respectin;? pupils in Publit; and High Scho(»ls shall apply 
 to pui)ilH of the Modi'l School, subject to such vi'- ions as nuiy be approved 
 by the Minister of Education on the report of t) -inciijal. 
 
 FINAL KXAMINATION8. 
 
 The papers for the closing' exaniinatifjns of the Provincial Model Schools 
 shall be jtropared by a eonunitteo consisting of the Masters of the Normal 
 Schools. The l'riiii:ii)als of the Nonnal Schools shall alternati'ly act as Chair- 
 men of sujli couiuiittee, and direct the necessary <i>rrespondence. Each of 
 the papers shall be approved by at least one master of each school, and all 
 the papers shall be in the hands of the Secretary of the department on or 
 before the first day of April in each year. Tho printed j)apers shall be con- 
 fined to the subjects of Arithmetic, Geography. Dictation, Urammar, Algebra, 
 Physiology, Chemistry, History, Literature and Euclid, as taught in the 
 Third, Fourth and Fifth Classes A minimum of one-third in each subject 
 aud one-half of the aggregate marks obtainable shall be required for promotion.