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SKLWYlY, LL.D., P.R.S., K.G.S., Director. a REPORT ON TUB GKOLOOY OP NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK, 3 I ■MBRAOINQ PORTIOHS OF THII COUNTIM Of Kestigouche, Gloucester, and Northumberland, issi. BY K. W. BLLS, M.A. I PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF PARLIAMENT DiV^VSON BROTHERS. 1881 Bibliotheque G a n o r a I « ■<-?:' JO s E p ^Ij^- * 13 Ali 8r of tf subm offoi the 8( phica ronde till m Dui B. Ap. by Mr. these j O'Briei many place, T up the ] depots for the < atone Q surveys during t the Bive hand bra 650 milei and of thi as well at housio be; Biver and Neuvelle : Miramichi sources, t Nipisiguit, streams, ai greater pai necessarily I'ivers beinj Province, h A..™« R. or hotov i„ till ne«,j.ei,. ' " "•• t"'" 1«".od be»t to „ithh„,,| ;„ p„b,i,X; During tJio season of 1879 T wo. „ • ^ ^ , by Mr. Thomas D. Peers, of HalZ V^ ^\"''^. "^ *''« Purvey, and these gentlemen. Our hanks 1. " , ' ''"^ '" ^^^^ ^^^ ^he latter of O'Brien of the Cus;o:;s De,^^^^^^^^^ Messrs. W. J. o.,... ^«ny kind attentions, to MeLn^" aT""^" ^""''' ^"^^^^''^t' ^O'' Piace, who kindly furnished uw^hrir '^ ""'■' '' ^^^ «««»« up the Nipisig„it River, and also upntru -.f" ''^'"^' ^"'^ «"PP''«« depots in the interior, and to M Jo Inl^^^^^^ for the County of Gloucester ^6 to 1 P r"' ^"*"''^ I"«P««tor «tone Quarries, and to the Crtwn Lai' T' f ''' ^^^'^^^ ^-"d- ««rvey8 of rivers and other infr^atio IT ""T '''' ^^^'^^ '' during the season of. 1879 conskL n • u "^^'"^ ^^ the Survey the Rivers Nipisiguit, uZlauitoh P^ T''^'"^ ^^ *^^ exploration of hand branch, andfhe Te'teTGauS ^f ^""«'^«' ^obique and its right 65. .i, ofrc^JrEtsVortT^^f ^^"^^^^ and of the roads in the counties of Resti^Zhl , ^ <^*mpbellton. as well as examinations of the DeTonian l' "''■*^'™ ^^''"^^"t^ housie before undetermined Iniggotu ''^ ^ "" ^'^^ "'^'"''^ '^^^^I' K.ver and the Quebec shore from he Met ^^ ""'''''''''' *^^ ^^^^^^t Nouvelle River opposite Dalhoude the^. T ' '" ''^^ '"""*^ <>f t^e Miramichi and its branches th«r' , '^P'«''*«««« of the North-west -rce, the main S^ttt t ^1^ S"'^ '^^^^^ ^.p.8,guit, and the wilderness counir V ' '^"^'^ '^^"^"^^ «f the streams, and road surveys in southed ^h"^ T"' *^^ '^"^^^^ «^*hese greater part of the area'lmbraced rthe" " f" '^'°''^^«*«^-- I" ^^e necessarily performed by canoe "c^!!?''^''*''^""'' *^^ ^^^'^ ^«« nvers being often obtained from ihfc^own TrrT '' '''' P^''"->' P^-ovince, by means of which our wS Tv« .^'P"^'*"^^"* «^ *h« ""^ "^""'^ ^^«« g'-eatly facilitated. The S. OBOI.OOICAL SlIBVEV <»F CANADA. ocner.. Car- entirely unnettled ntato of the country inland, and itB d^nne fm^st ftoterofcouniry .^^^j, ^ft^n blown down ttnd tbrming an imi)Ot\etnil)lo jungie, ' ■ rendered the work very difficult, and the tracing of geological bounda- ries, with accuracy, in many placoH an utter impos*.ibility. During the two seasouH nearly 2000 miles of exploration in canoes and nearly 1000 miles of road and other surveys were accomplished ; and, considering the unsatisfactory character of the country, it is believed that the rela- tions and boundaries of the different geological fornmtions have b.?en determined with a fair approach to accuracy. A series of photographic views wa« also obtained, illustrating points of interest along the prin- cipal rivers and the general character of the country and its scenery. I have the honor to be, xvr.iZ Sir, Your most obedient servant, E. W. KLLS. Geological Survey Office, \ May, 1881. J Pm\ Provin tions V % loosely the cos Bonav( the res ^ Brunsv travers south-v rocks, ! whose largo a in the ( made a the Tol Scotia J • particu Bay Ch Thei logical c" dotmn forest iil)lo jungle, jicul bonnda- Durii\ji; the 1 nearly 1000 , coriHuloring that the relu- niH have boen photographic ong the prin- d itrt 8(;enory. REPORT ON THE GEOLOOY OF NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK, ■MIIBACIKO I'ORTIONH OF THl (!Ol!NTIIS Of RK8TIG0UCHE, GLOUCKSTKR, AND NOUTmJMHKRLANI), ELLS. BT R W. ELLS, MA. Previous to the commencement of the work in this portion of the Province, in 18*79, the determination of the variouH geological forma- Work pre- t.ons was of a very general character, and their boundaries somewhat thUar'e;'""" '" loosely defined. Explorations had been made to a limited extent along the coast by Sir W. E. Logan, in 1843, in connection with the so-called Bonavonture formation ; by I)r. Abraham Gosner about the same date, the result of whoso observations appeared in his report to the New Brunswick Government; by Prof. H. Y. Hind, in 18G4, who made a traverse of the Tobique and Nipisiguit Rivers, as also of the main south-west Miramichi, by whom tb- ereat bulk of the metamorphic rocks, as seen in those streams, was « gned to the Quebec Group and whose report to the New Brunswick Government (1865) contains a large amount of very valuable information. Brief papers also appeared m the Canadian Naturalist by Prof. L. W. Bailey, of Fredoricton who made a canoe voyage Ironi the St. John River to Bathurst, by way of the Tobique and Nipisiguit Rivers, and in the Transactions of the Nova Scotia Institute rf Natvral History, by the Rev. Dr. Honeyraan, more particularly with reference to the country about the upper part of the Bay Chaleur, and in the vicinity of Dalhousie. The working out of the stratigraphical relations of the different geo- logical formations in the southern part of the Province has, however river. " " •»iior,..((trAr, hvuvky nr tana da. r;;;;:i::r;:: ji:~--^- '^- I -•"'K ".^i"»^!;:.;JI ; •; ;• :r„r' r^ ■"''"" "i- "■- K"hlo Ibr cnnoes and M,m« c '^" "V^""''^"'- H<'th aio ojiHily mu-i- f^-on. ...0 .uanUt^: ';^ S ::::.^ «;n7 «'-^ ^f-- «'o»-. but N.,....uu Hulmor. arc at p.-oHont ablo to aHcond only to^ ht an. U h T " finoHt quality, roachinLMH nu.cl T«! ' "'^"^'^'•' ^'■"•"' "^ tho the greatest abund to aIo. t 7 ^T' f '" ^''^'*'^' "''" '""-' '" bearn are .uunorouH wbih ''«'«'-^^" ««•«, moose, cariboo and Hmaliortributa Th?^.!^^^^^^^^^ •^^:"'"" '" "'^^^ ^' '^^ upper part of tho riveV is it' ? """""■^' ««I'^^i""y along tho from 1200 to 2000 fH; hoirrr^'' mountainoun; rango.s oFhilln elevation. artbrZ^ '„"!'"?' ''''^' ''" ^^^" ^'^-^- a number of tributaries but nnnr „ ""'^''- ^''« N.p,8,gi„t rocoivos exception of tho Main S^ntV/,""^ considoniblo size with the itB m'outh. Th s l^ 0^^^^^^^^^^^ ^«-- •" "t «0i milos from flows through an ooedZlv: '"^ .'"''" *" ^'^^ -"*h' ^"'l From the f.equoncy of 1 SL T'' ^ I""' mountainous country. Bix miio. is'diffl:^,rfr a i: b;?'tr:r '''■'' ^'- "^"' obstacles exist. ''^*''^*' ^^'"^ P«"it "o such along its sonthon, m„r,,i„ and hll ? X '^^ """""»<" »ow« From thi, lako thoSr™? """'™ ''™'°'"*' ""^ '" "'" «outh-wo,t. mile., .„,t„ ti!:' ':r r.r: f.?!-^. °- <■"■; ""^ "•i-'y-«™ Oencrnl dos- cnption of the ar.S,t mile,, mo,tly throu^ZooZZl" "' "'.r"' '■°'' """" "■"■'J""™ the bank, beig from two "'i. fej , '" "'"/'"'""J- "f "-^ »'.<>»>". a m.ni.en.rin Ji::ixiX™s::ra:rx:r iwlily (hH-iphor the »»ctreme length, ountain towers tho south-woat. ^mo thirty-fivo of the stream, onsely wooded 'ampboll River flows through [iower Carbon- forouNHodimontH,»ndnowra,,i.||vHll- ' ';"•"•• T''i« Hfoam con a 1 '"'^' "'' "'^'' "" '"diHtri..u„ pop,.. y\"^- Th.,v do no,, howovo n^ ,i "' l' ."""'' '"' "'" '"'*' "»""••' eonsidorabh, .nantitics by spli. n ,^ "^" '' ''^' «>'- '>"t "•« take, in ^•"'. 1.0 ,akon by .p„,.,i„^ -^ "''"'■') "'■^' "'«" (iM.nd in this river and :;:^'; "•. ^''^ upsai^uitci jii: we:;;:'"'' """ ""'"•^^ ^ '-'••"' y '«al.,u.tch Rivor to tho m^t.^^onch T ?/'?'' ""'^''•^ '"«« ' th, «i.;' '.otwoon tho Nipisi,. rr ;: 1 %"r ''""^'^'' "^-f-po „ , .n ;;s bne in „ ,. „ .1,.^ ,„. ;^; e-;^ oi U.o lake is _«bo„t seven -- -iK but in a ,ood .i;; :^ ; zj-;^^^ y o^-:^r :::!:r:r'r:?-^"^ ^^^ -^-^^^ «^^^^ ■•'- am,.. ..o '-0'- part of this riveif but h. rr" f '""' '""' ^ ' '"'^ «''>%' the and broken from the pr sen « o . , ' 1 H '• '"'^ '^""'^^ '« *- '-^h ««ord much valuabli landlr 1"!.^^ '" "^ -ore ma.le along tho Rostigouehfin g '7." m'"^' ^''""'- "^''^"^ purvey, as far up as the month of the p't,^ ''f ^^': ^'^^'^-'Hon of this "».les forms the boundary between thfp'^" ^'''''' ^^'"^^ f*^'' ^o^e Brunswick. In continuatL of t. s ,„ . """'T ''^'"'^ "-' ^-v on to the point whore tho portage" Z'f '' ^^^P'^''"^--''^ -ore carried T'.e country along the Tpp X^o '^^^^ *« ^^^ ^t. John Rive ' broken than about its lower no ..• . Kestigoucho is much less doubtless be found ove tie aCr^ "".' T^*^ «"« farming land ■ rfvl^-"- .-ver a la.ge extent of t: r^lfn ^ '•'""'"'^ ™^^« -'^-h here inaccessible to the settler, and ^avanlr'"'?*' *'"^^^^^'-' ^^'^ '"egion s Jarge quantities of spru^lo i Jber a ft" ^^ '"'""'" '"'""''^" ^stigouche to the St. JohnTs un tb« r"*' ^^' ^'^^^^ ^'^"^ the -« to the north end of the ^.^ ^ "^.tf il;;: 4d OEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. i Settlement liipds on the Reutigoucbec Character of the country on the Nipisi Kuitanii Miramichi rivers. ■ettl^ent, „h,ch ,„ll bo avall„l.,e »» .„„„ a. „,».„, „f „,„,„ ^„ ^^ Li T * " "'>'"'"<^''"' I' i» for the most part very roekv fcttirL ! vr'T ""' "'■""' -""ly "<"'""; «.ttat except „L Tr If ^ "»" P"''""" '>'■ ""> "■•«" !»'"«»" the Main South- L. Th ,' '"" ."■» ''ipi»«"i' ""d the Tobi,j„e River, T worth M a^M eZT ■": '"'""'""'' ""^ '■""««' ""> -uut^Tth; dS?hrf~-»=-p^^^^ .e, rt:=^^^^^ Eiver b t as the t> me available for this area was limited furSer i^nnng the entire exploration particular atter.tion was paid to the were found, the quantities were so sraall and the conditions of their occurrence such, that in so far as yet seen but small inducement fo the mvestment of capital in this direction is presented. FuZrrlference will be made to this subject under the heading of Econom^ Mtlrl Middle Carboniperotts. teifl-rSu. J^:' P^;"^" f *h« P^vince covered by rocks of this ago is verv ^^ll^nSfew «-;d-able, and includes not far from a fhird of its superfl'a a"T Brunswick. In its general out no it is i-oiurhiir *..: . .. ""P^inciai aiea. between the two eastern ends about 140 mile. AH / under the Gulf nf cjf t . T "*^^- ^"«wing for sea area undex the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the number of square miles belonging the Grand River 10 Grand Falls. occupied by rocks que to the Quebec 0venty miles. As on rocks of thia which comprises land suitable for 9 of access can be Miramichi Rivers part very rocky, striking features. d ; so that except I the Main South- Rivers is worth- le country of the valuable timber, especially in the i-amichi and its ' the bare i-ock. )rk, explorations 1 of the Tobique limited, further !an be obtained, ?(^as paid to the races of several ditions of their ucement for the irther reference iiomic Minerals. bis age is very mperflcial area. >x being placed dron Lakes on orthern side of bout 210 miles, id a direct line ng for sea area lilos belonging 5d NORTHERN NEW URUNSWIOK. to this System will not fnii t |-ter part of the Z^ of Vtmol Tn'' '' '^'^^'^ '^^ Gloucester, a large portion of Yo.lTnd Z 1 V^?'"'' ^'^""^"^'^ «"d oounty of Kent i„ „« far as known 1^?^""''' ""^ ^'^^ «"*»- the country under discussion Z" J^'""]]^^'^' ^he greater part of «tt.tude, rarely reaching In 1 ' I 'To' T /" ' "^^'"'^ ^-'->^' undulations With angles'f f,om 1°-/ ^'^'^"^^--rally forming low - generally low and' level or broket bvl f ""'f'^ "'^'^'^ ^^''^^ '^-- There ,s, however, a slight dip of th« J/^'' of moderate elevation. Gulf of St. Lawrence, and from th t '^"'''^''^^^ '^' ^^t^''^ of the formation, it would appL/' w ?"'''" ""*''"'^ ""^ «*'-"«ture of the and shallow bay, a ^0^7X1"^"'' '"""^' ^ '^"^' «^«^^-!d wh.ch extended oh far ea^tw^^X T/t f '^r''*'"'"''''^'-^"^ l>««'n «t.-etchod from Gaspe on thrnor^h f ^/^'*"d «f Cape Breton, and J^ova Scotia, on the south In?. *'^« "^^^ of the Cobequils in the tlnckness of this foXtn j ^,1^^ ^' '""'""^ ^'^^ ^--^ efforts ,„ this direction have yet b en a te. i";"'^' ^^ '^«""^' ^^' "o «»d It is quite probable thai it will hi . '" ''' '"^*^'-" P^^'t^on, nessas we approach nearer the pTletiv; m '" ""'"'^^ '" *^'«^ ^-"^"'^ Some color is lent to this supposi^ on al .f- h""'' "' ^""" ^''«^'«- """^ tho.se ndges of older rocks (Lower Carbon v *''" "on-occurrence orZ'Zifl ai-e found in the western porttn abourtbo h ?"; ?"' ''^^'^"•*">' ^^^^^ the Canaan River. The rocks resembLth?'^'^''""^^^^^^"^^ Beport of 1872-3 in the Grand Lake ctl«.M' ^'^ '"^"^^'^ ^ ^^^ and conglomerates predominate but in tb!'- -^^"^^ ^^"^'^^«'^«' «h^les beds are seen like those exptkl abou tV'T''^ '' '''' ^^^'P^^'P^e Queens county. The bounda^of the fo f"''" "' '''""^ ^«'^^' '"u ;tB northern side from the M2sWhwrM"-'r '^^" ^^'^^^^ «" to the shore of the Bay ofChaleur IT u'T'''^' near Boiestown, unsettled state of a great par of tb ' '"^"'■'*- ^^« «"t"-e'y and Often swampy character „desdZr\"'*' "^ ^^"^^"^ '- cult. The Intercolonial rai IroIS hn observations very diffl- W Bathurst to Moncton ufihelS; '^'^'^ ■' ^^''^ ^^"^ -««- very rarely any ruck exposure" -"^ '"""^"^^ ^««^« ^'^^lose On the Intercolonial sointr »nnth p t. , ^» of the upper part of Z Swt r7^";' *'™' '"'"■■•' ">« "■i on the granite we Li. at the otZ' '"' '''""'r"' ■"•" ="«" '■«""« of.-eddirt.pu,.p,„,a„d»;„„ea d Swu:! ''?,f '''"° ^'•°<"'. %«* ---»„. .,e. are pr.jrar,;\r;r„;ret-,TircSf Cd aEOLOGICAL SUKVEY OF CANADA. Shore eaat of Bathurst. Coal seam at Clifton. Coal at Cara- quette. Coal at Ship- pegan Island. I as they are often found in this attitude in other parts of the Province. About midway between Red Pine and Bartibogue stations, grey sand- stones, coarse and of the usual type of the Millstone Grit, come in for the first time in this direction, lying in a nearly horizontal position or with a slight northerly dip at angles of 1° to 3°. Prom this to New- castle the same character is observed in all the cuttings. The sand- stones are generally thin-bedded and unfitted for quarrying. Exten- sive peat bogs occur about the head-waters of the Tabusintac, but the surface is for the greater part sandy and covered with a sparse growth of scrubby spruce and pine. Going eastward from Bathurst along the post road, which keeps near the shore the greater part of the distance, we find at Bass River, about four miles below the town, large blocks and probably ledges of grey gritof the usual coai-se Millstone Grit type. These probably overlie directly the red beds which are exposed at the crossing of the Nipisi- guit, and which constitute the upper portion of the Lower Carboniferous formation. As the country along the shore is generally low, exposures are limited, and, with one exception at Ellis' Bi;ook, thirteen miles below Bathurst, where ledges of purple-red sandstone and shale are seen, the road shews no ledges in all the distance to Shippegan. The shore alongside, however, aff'ords good sections for the greater part of the way irom Salmon Bea*h eastward. The beds are all horizontal in attitude or in slight undulations as is the case over the central area. At Clifton seventeen miles below Bathurst, there are large grindstone quarries extending for r stretch of two miles along the shore. The cliff here consists of grey sandstone and shale, and contains two seams of coal, the larger of which, accoi-ding to Mr. Reid, the owner of the quarries, has : a thickness of eighteen inches. This, however, includes much carbo- naceous shale, the finer coal being only a few inches. The shales contain abundance of fine ferns of carboniferous type, and at several points portions of stems are seen standing upright in the face of the clifi: These exposures extend along the shore nearly to Blue Cove, about two miles below the point where the post road turns ofi" to Cara- quette, but disclose no beds of coal of any importance. At Caraquette, about half a mile below the church, a thin irregular seam is seen on the shore, of no value. Borings were made, some years ago, for the purpose of testing this place but without success. As we approach Shi])pegan the grey beds gradually sink and purple sandstones and shales come in. These in the Island of Shippegan are reported to con- tain a seam of coal several feet in thickness, but at the time of my visit owing to wet weather and the unwillingness of the settlers to disclose Its exact position, an examination of it could not be made. Fi-om Shippegan to Tracadie River the coast line is low, and consists of peat 5?^^S?W»i^^^y^!^»^l^^^^fa^^ rts of the Province. stations, grey sand- ne Grit, come in for )rizontal position or Prom this to New- uttings. The sand- quarrying. Exten- Tabuaintac, but the ith a sparse growth road, which keeps I find at Bass River, probably ledges of ese probably overlie ssing of the Nipisi- lower Carboniferous [■ally low, exposures ook, thirteen miles } and shale are seen, pegan. The shore iter part of the way rizontal in attitude al area. At Clifton, ■rindstone quarries re. The cliff here seams of coal, the A the quarries, has ;ludes much carbo- iches. The shales pe, and at several ht in the face of early to Blue Cove, 1 turns off to Cara- e. At Caraquette, ar seam is seen on years ago, for the As we approach lie sandstones and I'e reported to con- e time of my visit, settlers to disclose \ be made. Fix>m ad consists of peat NORTHER^ -JEW BRUNSWICK. h ™cks a,.e p..;>e z::, :'" : " zz "t:"" "^ r-"^'"^ coast from T.auadie to B.rtii, „ ,' "" "•"""""der of the bat f™„, the tettL!m toT ■?,'■ '"" »<" J"'"'""' examined, form frequent expo „ ralon. thf f"" T^ ""''"""»' ""' g"<^ MiramicM (N. W branch ° h! IT '"f"'"''""'' ™'™^ "P*" PolE:Z::^t'Zl^l °' "r ^•""■-'■iBive^an., harbor to»»...u, beaches and ^Z ^gT S STftr;!"! '" ""ly P'^" «' ««»« »'■=. wticb w the green carbonate, Basin N.S., aU of which havle'': ^ ed 'Zl' 11° "'l„°:,,tr the removal of which exbrnistAH ti,^ »v,- tt ^ ^"pper ore, and vaLTi, t'tXft °''"""°"' °" "■"' '«»>°*' *-' «■- — on,ic \Z7, .na^ the deposit, occn™ ja.t ^i^/e IZ^lZtT^^ZZXe '" '"'™ mi w« o? thf "■"' " t°"""' °" '^« Mi"-»t™am*:w half . Thence up to the m^h of ^e Beir "^^^^ ""'u'' ''^ ^•'^- < ''°- '^'^ «^ i> lae moutn ot the Beli^uune Eiver the red beds occur ati extend t int bei cor con 1 gre cut out] the S of SI the secti Broc seen cliffs twen siatei beds, pletel half limest which posed in pos; of Tri; ments. bonifer( mined. From occupy I'idges s( the bea( I lDA. rthern bank. The red 'ank, but in such cases, mtiy, the exact bound- hose of the overlying 3 or lie in gentle undu NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK. 9d . layer of decomposed stituting the lowest erlaid by a thin bed of Qd capped by bluffs of about one mile below above the road bridge id has in former years conglomerates which are a sociat^ with T ? V"' ''^'- '^'- contain pebbles of Silurian !da 1 „ T > '""'"'^ '^'*'««' frequently ^ - , greyish calcareous nod e" Pebbl TT""' '^ ^«" «« "^'^^^ «f )m two to four degrees. cutting the Silurian beT!! . ""^ *^^ *'"^P« ^^ich are seen burst bridge, they are outpou'ring o^h ^ lavalT ill^ir f 7^^""' ^"'^ ^^"^^ ''^' '^^ — - • the Silurian and Wer Ca:bri;erstlt;r ''' ^^^^^^^ '^ the point above Jac.uet Rit ' of nearlv T"^ t" n'^' ^"^^"' "P *« ^~" sections are observed in the . L ? .^ ^^^ ' ^'■"*''^- Beautiful Brook, where the S lu "a ' bed of . T' ""' ^''"^'^ of Armstrong's seen forming several haL fol a TTr '"' '*'^^''^''"« «'*^- «^-e . - ^''ff«haveaheigh ofi^t^^^^^^^ These s the green carbonate, twenty feet of htizontal beds wl Tf '"' ^'''' ^"^P^^ *^^ ^^"^ ten to similar ago near Dor- J slates and the tr^p thefatter off ' . f-'^"""^ ""«'' ^^^^ ^^e Silurian . also occur on Mines j beds. Prom h Z ^ beL I ^ ^°^' *'' '''™ '' '"^^^'^^'-^tified cessfully. In all these Ipletely occupy the sW tol "7 '°^' ^^"'^^ '""'^^ ^«d beds com- mie matter upon solu- Jhalf a mile'^a ^ e fil ^7 ''T'^'^^^' -^^"ding back from .as been precipitated falong the line of raih-oar n\T'^!- T^ '''"'^'"^ '° «"^^" ^^^tti^gn idustrial Kesources of |(Nash's Creek) the red beds dn . I '''' ^^"^'^ "'^^^« J««1"«t Rivt >e counties of Cumber- f below Eiver Charlo the shorp h " "^''" *'" ^« ^'^^^h the point ^ occur. He alludes Jlimestones and tTalf p^e 11 .bo'f^ ""' ' '^ conglomerates, slates, ore occupied the site jwhich lies off the mouth of 1 t,'- '*^^' ^^'"^^ ^«'^"d' however>«ron leUnds. ?rey copper ore, and jposed of soft red s^dstonel 1700 '". ''''■' '^""* *^" "^"'^«' ^'^ «««"• «es also that the ore (in position. Thesrrock l! ^ ,'""^''^™?'-«*«« «f this age, horizontal into a coal or lignite lof Triassic age rf the Ba- !^^ '^ore closely the soft red sandstones ood remains distinct, jments, but their stratL.nnh . "J "^ ^'" ^'^"'" Carboniferous sedi- as from the lack of Li„es' their "SlIdlT"^ "^ ''/ ""'"^^^"^ ^"^ deter- that their economic jgrey spots resembling sections oT't '" t"'' ^'*^ °"°^«-"« jcaused by the decompos tio "f the T' T^''^ '""^ P^««^b^^ be fter passing Peters Isubstances. Several cSsL«, ^ I u '"'"""^ '"'^"«'* **>^ «'-g*'^ic ierous rocks till we Jwith their tVuitrw /e Cd on If ", ^"^ P«-'-r jointed stems, .fflcient, however, to fa batrachian havng five toes Z^tu t""?' "' ^'" '' '^' ^««*P"«ts of the Nigadoo on the fboniferous beds of Lva Scotia Th T "^ ''"'''^^'' '^«^« ^*' *he car- tream, about half a fmined. *'* ^^"'^ forms^have not yet been deter- 'way. In character * " 1 at various points nt, just in rear of ' red conglomerate From the mouth of the Charlo River north ih. ^ u^ occupy the shore as far as thp hh.S u u ' '"^ ^^"^^ ^^ai" fgessouthofthetownoriue Jht^^^^^^^ „ the beaches about the monthTfT'i i^.*"^^ *'^ '^^^n at low tide along .h dip N.W. < 40°. ^ ba^in of this streat to thT^t of ^he T 'f ^'"'^'^^ «^«"P^ '^' e red beds occur at| .tend back W the l^t^ "^Snef t;;:?t S 10 D GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. P Coa«t opposite Dalhousiu. road, but stretch along the lino of the Intercolonial from Charlo station to Dalhousie station, and Bprea m to form a considerable area at the latter point. They lap round the western spur of the hills about Dalhousie to the west of Pointe LaLime, and form the high ridges south of Dalhousie station which extend westward for more than a mile, or almost to Maple Green post office. They are exposed on the beach about one and a quarter miles west of the station at Dalhousie for a distance of 200 yards, and shew in a cutting at that point. On the shore they rest upon trappean rocks on the one hand and soft, Devonian shales on the other. On the Quebec side of the Restigouche, opposite Dalhousie, the red beds of the Lower Caboniferous (Bonaventure of Sir Wm. Logan) are largely developed, and rise into high hills which extend from the mouth of the Scaumonac eastward to the mouth of the Nouvelle River. Above High Cape, which forms the bold headland at the mouth of the Scaumenac, no trace of this formation has been discerned, the shore being occupied principally by Devonian sediments. Between High Cape and Point Muguacha the red beds extend in an almost unbroken range of hills, but between Fleurant and Yacta Points they do not reach the level of the beach, but are seen to rest unconformably upon grey sandstones, shales and conglomerates, which have been found to be of Devonian age, and will be hereafter described. These red beds, as on the New Brunswick side, generally have a nearly horizontal attitude, but shew, at one or two points, local twists, which do not, however, affect the regular stratification of the beds to any great extent. The prevailing dip is mostly eastward at a low angle. In none of those localities do we find the same variety in litholo- gical character as is seen in this formation in the southern part of the Stratigraphicai Province. As developed in this area the Lower Carboniferous seems to Lower°Ca''rVo''ni- represent the upper member of the formation, and probably corres- venturr '"^' ponds to the upper part of Division 5 of the Geological Survey Report formation. 1876-7. Its position would, therefore, be between the gypsiferous series and the base of the Millstone Grit. The resemblance of these beds also to the upper part of the gypsiferous formation, of the same age, as developed on the Tobique River, tends to establish this conclu- sion, while their intimate association with the base of the Millstone Grit, and the apparent passage of the beds of the lower into the upper establishes very close relation between the two. Devonian. The principal areas under examination which have been shown to belong to this system, are those seen at intervals on the Lower Res- tigouche River, and which form a synclinal basin extending from harlo station iderablo area le hilb about ridgos south an a mile, or on the boach housie for a lint. On the ad and soft, usie, the red I. Logan) are nd from the luvelle River. Qouth of the sd, the shore Jtween High 38t unbroken they do not rmably upon •een found to 386 red beds, y horizontal hich do not, .0 any great mgle. iy in lithoio- a part of the rous seems to bably corres- urvey Report I gypsiferous mce of these of the same h this conclu- the Millstone ito the upper NOKTHEBN NEW BRUNSWICK. 11 D ^r^^:!^:z^ - -«« aboJ..,.. Pom and on the opposite fide at Po ^ "1^^^^^ bounded on both sides by the trL L . fourdoau. This basin i„ft-««o-h.. Of the Rostigouche. anl^llr^^^^^^^^ ^"^''^^^ ^^« ^^-^ Pa^t i-estjanditconformstothP^rl" . 7 r ^«^on'an beds aro seen to of the river Devo.Uan b '1^^ L" ""'''''''■''^- «" ^^esouthsidc form of red sandstone and lyllZ TSf''' '" "^"^''■^ ^ ^^e towards the river- wh^n. .f ^ 1 "^^"''^ ^'P ^- 15° E. <35o or -ses, they 'Znl^T^ plVlrr 'T''^''' ^^ ^^PP- station, the dips of the beds wlilololl " ^'"* of Dalho„sie the hills in the rear. AtTo ZuL ItZl'l T'"''' ""'' ^""^*«"* ft-'- I^aLime, beds of carbonaceous sTae 1 ' "'' "^'^ ^"^ *"** P«'"te neas often inches, and hasbee t TlZlZ '^'"f ' ""'' ^ thick- o.Bo„aceo. coal bed. Though containing sufficient ca^ '"^"'■''' ''^'"^ ^« « ti!f.°i ^^'-te >t does not. however, fulfil thf requirlnt of 7'"' '"'"''" *« ^"'•"' economic value. An interesting fealrHth ' •"' ''^^ ""'^ ^^ «« of a sheet of trap directly ovl 1 11*'^ T u ''^ *^^ •"*'-'^«'«" Associated with the sandstones and shall V l""^?^ '' ^"™« « ''^^f- beds of trap conglomerate ; ^rlbls J ''V'''*''*^ ^''^ «--«' cemented by a paste of trappean ^h V l'^ of well-rounded trap other points a. at Pointe la Garde a^in fl r\^" ^'^' "^«'^'' «* ^^nous kind of rock is quite common [n.n l^" ^psalquitch River. This tbeBayofPundV AtTera ^rertThaT"' ^^^ ^riassic trap?:? of various characters; buVl tL tidT fn' ^f traps or dolorit^ of grey and purple sllty felspath L S a.t ""^'P^^''^^"' '^rge ledges west or away ft-om the ridge'^f t^e Sul To /m ^^^'"^ '" *^^ "^'^^h- are ashy in their composition and Lnear t ^ ^"""'"'"- "^^''^ ''^cks the felspathic ash rock that fo'^ rC, T'' "^ '' ^^^ '^^'"'^ ^f of this vicinity. They resemhi? ^ * P""'"^" ^^^he trap region «tones of Queens andl X,^ C' ' '" .'^*' ^P^^'*^' *^« "^'^alied Z basalbedsoftheLowefi7„SZr\?"' T '"" ^'^^^'^^^ - ^oft, and without any appa?enTZtiW^''''''"''^"'"*'^^^'-*^^a"dBa.a.bedsof base of the series, andVm'a^e^yi;^^^^^^^^ '^""^^ theW££ Campbellton and extending wosfwa 71 *'"''' "' '^' ^^^'^ «'' road north of Susar T>oRf S "^f*^"^'? ^«* «ome two miles. On the reversedipisset'nl^ : ^r rof\^^^^^ T ^- < ^^^ ^u^I to S. 70° E. < 20°. On the po Tot^llllZl ^ ^T ^^*-Pb«"ton kmd of slate occurs onl^ ,. the vicin'ity of Catpltn;? 7ina 12 D GIOLOOIOAL 8UBVEY OP CANADA. probable these rocks underlie the coarHe Devonian Handstones and grits which are exposed on the shore close by. The town itself is built largely upon trappoan rocks, some of which have the aspect of stratified bods. They are highly crystalline dolorites, and the bedded struc- ture is seen at a number ot points in the vicinity of the Resti- gouche. The river in front of the town, from the steamboat wharf westM ard, is lined with Devonian rocks, generally grey in color, both sandstones and conglomerates. In the rear of the Royal Hotel these beds dip N. 26° W. < 25°-30°, but at the wharf the dip decreases in angle to 5°-10°. They exactly resemble the beds which ai e exposed on the Quebec side of the river, and at this place form the Synclinal baoinsouLhern margin of a synclinal basin, the northern side being seen at atcumpbeiiton p^j^^^j ^ Bourdcau, about two miles above Cross Point opposite Camp- bellton, where the beds dip S. 20° E. < 46°. The conglomerates con- tain pebbles of limestone, slate, felsite, trap and jasper, and are inter- stratified with grey sandstones, which have been quarried in the vicinity of Pointe it Bourdeau for the Intercolonial railroad. Plant stems of Devonian type are common, in the sandy and finer portions. Above the station at Campbellton hard thick-bedded sandstone, intersected by thin dykes of trap, contains abundance of fossil plants; a collection of which was made by Mr. T. C. Weston and examined by Principal Dawson. The following forms have been determined : Fo88il plniits at Campbellton. Psilophyton robustius. " princeps. " (fi-agments). Lycopodites Campbelltonensis, n.s. Cordaites angustifolia and stems (?) of same. With a number of other specimens of psilophyton fragments. Al a distance of 1800 paces west of the Royal Hotel ledges of hard grey limestone have been found by Mr. Weston to be largely made up X)f comminuted fossils. On the north or Quebec side of the river, Devonian beds apparently occupy the whole extent of the flat country lying between the base of the trap hills and the shore. They are well exposed at Cross Point, Cross Point to Opposite Campbellton, where they dip N. 10°-20° B. < 10°. These beds ^caumenao ^^_^ probably near the centre of the synclinal. Below this, exposures of similar rocks occur at Pointe la Garde and along the shore to near Battery Point. They are similar to those described at Pointe a Bourdeau, and like those of Pointe LaLime contain interstratified beds of trap conglomerate. The sandy layers contain abundance of plant stems, and the whole series dips southerly from S. 20° W. in the western exposure to S. 50° E. at Pointe la Garde, the angle of dip ranging fi*om j NOHTHBRN NBW BHVNBWICK. 6" to 75°. Thence thoy occunv^ fhn . the mouth Of the Seau/e:acTe .^^^^^^^^^^ ^"^ f ''^ "^"^ ""wn to O'-with a HliKhtHouthorlydrrtl '^'Tu^'^"'^^^^^^^ P-'tion pean hill« that stretch co.ftinulX ', n '^' ^""'^'^ ^^'^ ^he trap- far cant as Nouvelle Hive It" f/h r f n T"" '''' ^^^^e river i oealed by the "nconformably ove" vL ^^ '. ''''''"'"" ^^'^^ -" -"- iferouH (Bonaventure) fbrmafinr k ,^ ^^''" "^ *''" J^ov^"'- f^arl>on-s the western side 0/!^: r X^ F,r''t '7" '^'""^' ^'^« '^'^ "<> " " Devonian rocks at Pi.-ate Herd Ind^^T /.'*'"'''' '^"'-«P« <>f conglomerate with pebbles TgroTuL^ '"" "''"'^ ''-''^''^h Devonian shale is seen o„ the betch H « ' ^""«'«t«'' vvitb grey Handstone. I„ the covo above Fleut f P "^ '"°' ^^'^'^ «««'>,npanying of the Devonian are again see!, ^ oth .. '"'' ''"^«^«'' *ho grey bedt of Pointe la Garde andlLy I ;il'; ; ^^^"^^^^^o, sin.iluf to'those ;;pocimens of Devonian fishe^'lt Cht" ^''^'^^^'^^^-'^--plondid byMr.Whiteavesinthe^...;;;XLXt^^^^ re mostly flat or dip north-eastwaXa^t ', '^'"'"^''- ^^^^^eds the conglomerate also occurs Zi i'"'^'"- ^tPleurant Point beds, and dips K. R < S!; "tutd'i:' tl'^ "'^^" ^'^'^'^ ^'^ -"''^ cove, we meet with the usual Jov "h ? ^' P"'"* «'"' entering the abundant remains of fishes ad plants I".' r''^^"^«« -"*'^^»"g J^rom this eastward to Yacta Point n' Z "^ ^'^ ^- ^5° E. < 10° -an beds, principally g^lj fXr'b'^^'r '' ^^^"^^'^'^ -'^bDevo: calb^ near their contlt'; trtho oveLf "?^^^^"'«^-^' -P- W at low angles and forming cUftft-om Th ''^' ''^^''"^ ^^«- bejht, capped at the upper pa,^ of tL T* ^'^^ *^ ^^^^ ^««t in which here rise into ridges^o 300 fe^I ! ^ ^^ ^^ '"^'•'^^"*"' '"^d beds Point there appears to LlLlZt^Zr? l"" '''"^"^"- ^* ^'-^a I;;ower Carboniferous beds but th« "'''"''" ^'^^ ^^^^^-a" and tbanreal, as is readily « ;« by ob Jvat""^*'/'!!^ ^ "''''^ «PP-- pomt and Muguacha Head. ThT bold bluff " r v ' '^'^ '«*-««" ^bis down again, going eastward and Z ! ""^ ^^"^'^ P«'«t soon sink s . in low bluffs for severh'Ti ^''^''"'^''^^^Sain occupy the shorn 2^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ unconformably and ire din"'7lr^«' *^« -d beds cafping tmfe^^^^^ -uth Of theKouvelleEit': tZTofT'^'''^ ^^'^^^ have not yet been traced, but as tCa' Lid r "" ''^ ^"^' ^«^« Cascapedia it is probable that in the ntl ^ "^'^"»- «« the Grand concealed by the Bonaventure fLation wb"r^/"*^"^^ *^«^ -« |8hore to that place. oimat.on which stretches along the The grey beds between Yacta and PU n fossil forms of fishes and ptnt^"' y 7" ^.f"*^ -e very rich >een made from this locality, principal Ivbv M ^'^^' ''"^^"«"« ^^^^e y, pnncipally by Messrs. Foordand Weston, U [) OlOLOQIOAIi 8irRV«T OF CANADA. Devuninii hedii uf the Upiial- qultoh rtver. the dotormination of which has not yet been concluded, and tho roHultH will ttp[)onr in an uccornpanyin^ report by Mr. J. F. WliiteaveH. The only other area in which Devonian rockH have been recognize*! Ih on tho Upnalquitch Hivor, about nine miles above the KorkH. They conwist of grey sandstoneH and conglomerates, the latter containing pebbles of white quartz, felspar, jasper, slates, etc., which resemble exactly tho gioy Devonian bods of the Rostigoucho already described, and lie unconformably upon the Silurian and trappeun rocks of this area. They dip N. 5o ' W. < 5°-7°, and extend down to seven miles above the Forks, but their extension eastward has not yet been traced, owing to the wilde'-nesscharacter of tho country and the entire absence of settlements. SlLtTRIAN. i v- Distribution of the Silurian. ' The rocks of this System occupy an extensive belt reaching across the entire breadth of the Province, from the State of Maine to the Bay Chalour, and are at many points well marked by chacteristic fossils. In the eastern area they rest upon rocks probably of Cambro-Silurian age, which in their upper portions contain fossils (graptolitos) of presumed Hudson River typo, as well us imperfectly preserved brachiopod sliolls, and they extend in a broad sheet over the eritii-e northern part of tho Province and across the boundary into Quebec, forming a wide geosyn- clinal basin about 100 miles in breadth, the northern margin of which Superposition T^^^^^ upon the rocks of the Quebec group near the river St. Lawrence. SUuri^anl""''"' Along tho Upsalquitch and lower Restigouche Rivers they are broken up or cut through by dykes, often of large size, of trap (dolorite) and felsite which about tho mouth of the Restigouche are quite extensively developed, and form very prominent features in the landscape. The southern margin of the belt has been traced as well as tho sections afforded by the various rivers followed, from the St. John River eastward to the Bay Chaleur. On the St. John River tho calcareous and sandy bods characteristic of the formation are well exposed about the mouth of the Tobiquo River, a branch of the St. John. At the Silurian beds former point as well as along the river northward tho slates aro nearly vertical and strike N. E. and S. W. At the Is'vrrows, a deep rocky gorge about half a mile from tho mouth, they are much broke ;t and slightly faulted, and contain frequent bands of white calcite along the lines of stratification. Tho dip above this continues northwest for about six miles or to tho mouth of the Little Pokiok, the angle varying from 40° to TO", the slates becoming more marly with minute scales of! mica. Oocasional hard bands mark the stratification of the beds. Justf above the mouth of this stream the dip is reveraed to S. 40° E. < 35°. Thence up to a brook about two and a-half miles below Trout BrookJ on tho Tobique river, (I ' 3d, and the roHultH VVIiiteiiveH. e fwou recognized the ForkH. They latter containing 1., which reHemble already dcNcribed, lean rockw of this vn to seven miles )t yet been traced, the entire absence t reaching acroHS ' Maine to the Bay eriHtic foHHilH. In mbro-Silui-ian age, litcN) of preHumed biachiopod wholls, rthorn part of the ng a wide geosyn- I margin of which ver St. Lawrence. '8 they are broken rap (dolorito) and » quite extensively landscape. The II as the sections le St. John River irer the calcareons are well exposed ) St. John. At the e slates are nearly ws, a deep rocky much broke; I and 1 calcite along the les northwest for the angle varying h minute scales of of the beds. JustI o S. 40° E. < 35°. >elow Trout Brook] WORTHERV NEW RR.rNHWroK. tho beds are well ex., ,o.J thn H- " point ledges of ro,id;sh oontl, l.-t'^ •'emalning the narno. At this ;'--. 'ying in lK,ri>,onta Srco t '■"" '"'"'" "'' '^"'"-^ i no •;-t at th<, sharp bend belcw'He^'Krni:,"" T' ^'« '^""•••"" ^^'•'"• rmxieraroly coarse dolerite „co^^^ Z ' " "'^' ''^'*^' "*" «''««"i«'. « Hbout 140 feet, passing which ^7: , "''' "" "^»'^'««d »>'-«Hdth of flat till the f.K>t of the ReTl ani :^'^^'*? «««"• ^ho country b^^ LoH^er Carboniferous (Bo aZ'ur Z ' "'"" "'" '"^^ ^«''-'^- t PHtream the river and^hesuCndln^rr "^"'" •"^"'•- '^''--o ;how,ng high blufts of felspa h7 1; AMh ''°' '''' '^""*'' ^^'^ the grey Handy and micaceous slates of fh '""'"^ "^" ^"'«^ ^'-ook .do of the river with a din o T./o t" "^'" '*''" "««" "" ^ho south from the shore for only a Lo t d f ^^ < ^^°- ^^^'^^^ «--tend blk noted as occurring below for ''"'?' '^' ''""' '«'«P«"''« rocks ^Vom this upward' to th^ FoTk^of^rTt- ^'^"'''^" ^' ^"e so^th Silurmn slates. """ "^ *''« Tob.que the river flows over l«ter Glream, which fl„„, f,3 ,h ?"" """■ "'"""I'- On the ""■ecfon, iho rocka above tw. P'°'»'"y.'»»"1, Iho Sil„ri„„ ("t^," •°|»ewh„t broken and thr„w„„toT °""" "'»'" '^e P„,.k ",t»&?a' v«, .„g dip i« north-weste,"™,^ 2oo'";^"P »"'-'■"■" fid., b„t tb„ ;;!« &»£ Porks the roek exposnre, eease the b! ^ ■"^"' »"' """«" '"m the N«» for about twenty m iT wh„„ d t ''"°""' '"" """ "ho" "o hte, .re seen, dip S. 60» E < er , «"^ ""™"""" »"<' frC '«> de-eely wooded, pri„eip.Uy with le^.™ ^ '"'"•''- '"" *« """ks ywtth cedar, i^m th,» to the outlet 16 D OEOLOOIOAL SURVEY OV TANADA. T.iinit nfthi' Wiluriiiii on Nictor liike. Upimr piirt of tho (Jpanl- quitoh river. (iabbrog. FoMilR. Of Nicto,. /,;, It, . ho«H of f,h6 stream, tho oxp<,HuroM nro few, but the if«era dij .. ,. .^ flo". T[.# l«k. n,«rkH the limit of tl.o Siluriu,, tormmm k^ tVn^ din. 'on, the .outhc, .. .ho.e \mu^ occupied b> .r.-oon w L/*^ nnd slaiy Utlco^/'elspnthlc «chNt« whicli dip N 86° Z.it ' ''','"*' ". '"'■*^^ "^'>»"t«'" '>«• red cry.tfUlu..- and po.phyritio relHUe rm, pf.ruptly from ihe water to a height of ovor 2000 Ibot and Htf#I.Vim^iiway m a long ridgo .,. the nouth west pruhably deHnen the Ho.,U,.,, ".«rgi„ of the Silurian in that dir-^tion. Tho talccvHchiHtH nunk th.v ..,„tb< . n h««e uf tho mountair. and d.j nvay from it at a high angle. Thc^dirtor.. re botw<..M. the Silurian rocks of the Tohiquo and the crystalhno HchintH of tho lake in well nuirkcd Ix.th by the mineral and motamorpfiic character of iho latter. Fn.m Nictor Lake to the Upnalquilch tho Silurian formation haH not boon traco i . mdUtinct traces of t.s;ils. crinoids. ^.^'L 21':^^^ The paste of the rock is dark green and ashy looking, tbickl tudded w.th m.nute pieces of comminuted slate. A^ the lowo'r end f the UHs Irir ; "^ -""•^'--Po-d of smaH pieces of grey and red anT^anl r; ^'"^ f ^"'^"^ "' '' ^igh angle and underlies the slaty and andy bed, wh.ch are well developed in the vicinity of Eamsav's Brook. At the mouth of this brook they dip S 20° B ^ 70° 90° Going dou-n tho river the slates maintair. a .oufhorly dip, tho angle gradually docroaeing to 50° at Big Brook. Below th.s for some disS the rock^ are ochreous on weathered surfaces and are very calcareous appa-oachmg a l.n.ostone. They contain imperfect remains of brachil opod shells and cnno.d sterns. Just above Meadow Brook tho re-^ular sandy groemsh g:-.- eJates shew on the west bank, dipping s" 10° E. < 70°. and «re .d.rlaid by light-green chloriti^ grfts td flne NUHTUKRN NUW Hit NSWICK. f^ ., tun bedded Khale« occth, underlaid ut t,ho water'« ed^e by ha, da.k-g.-eon d.ont.clu<,kin^. rock. a..d cntairung ..ear tl^e . Lu aje^He^on. ,o.Ua.,..„g abundance of coraln and brachiopcxln, dip s. 25° JuHt above the fou.-.niio t.-ee Heveral dyke« of i-e.! po.-ph vriti,- f.dK.'.-, . and oU... of po.ph3..itic dioHte, one of v^,.h h.. a lli^ :^^^ the Z' "' T" """'"*'' ''" "'"'^'^ """ '^'"^'"•^"'^' ^heir bed.li..g Nem- ua h c " T " '^"""' '""" '""" °'- "-^ '^•^^^' '-'«- on.rick-re,l fe felmte a Hhort d.Hta..ce west of the rive.- at thin point. They et te.fd own ^ two nuloH above the Fork«, and contain at one point a b d of t-n conglomerate nindlar to that Keen on the Hentigouche K ve. Thl nu f oift, ii„low thw to Ihe junction with tho North-wost Brand, nothing but Silnmn .and.tono ..# ,lat™, with tho oxcoplion „,• „,» S^fJo°^>><:tr««" p- -Wlo-»te noted above. tL b„U .Iplltio'nrtl'r''"" '"""' """""""^ "-»'■""" «" «"■ "0 "» »- ;:£=2i:roetr:\r:s^^^^^^^^^ 2 18 I) OEOLOQIOAJ. 8URVKY OF CANADA. Upper Hesti-, goucbe Kiver. Terraces. Restigouohe to the St. John Hiver. Upper Tf''"> anticlinal, the rocks dipping o. 20° R. to Iff 20° \V -^ pno flno v i't""B hnf «ri n ,^ • f^^POsures are not numerous, bu when seen are all calcareous slates, soft with harder bands. Above the Jvedgovvck the country i„ the vicinity of the rivor is gener- nllnn'^'f^i ""''" "^''^" "^^"^Py '^"'i b»«'>y- The land in this Bea^lf.d t '""'"^ \'"'" '^^ """ '^'^P^^^ ^-- "«-«ltural purposes, air til ''•?'%"''' "^'"'"^''^ "* '''''-''' P"'"*^- ^" ^'- Upsalqliitch, tte Cla r; , T •'', '"""'•' '""• -'-^'P-^-t ones were seen. A fZ^r ^'T'' "" ""' «'^«t'"g<>»«l'« three perfect and one .uegular one were noted, and at the forks of the Kedgewick two per. fect^ones occur. The usual height of the terraces is about ten Lt At tlie crossing from the Restigouche to St. John by the Waagun clTw r: ""\' "" '''''' ^"^"'"P "'^^ --• This was onihe Cxrand R.ver, about eight miles from its mouth, dip S. 10° K ^vmHh-r„sty con- ;iip« indicating f,.ec,.ent a dinar ^ K^^^K^'" t'^'^p- "''' ^'^" I>moHtoneiHconHiderablydovel<»nod ;„l " ^'■'" ^'^*^'" tf'eFoH.i.« at ei™ mnoidH,ooralHandbrIo7n ' A " P''^««« very rich in toHHil.s/^''° «-"• many brachiopodJ Th Ih f ' '"/ ? '^^'•"M^-^- Mo,«6.,VZa/.-. and -i.e^boveth^:th^^SC^^P^;--t t.r a^ut one dykes of .^.reen onidotic diorite Tho . ^ "''" "'"^ ^^ ^"^'« Church Point and below he 1 ^i^^'^^, ^•"^''«'"«'-«t«H which occur at lower members of tlXtet ""'^" ''^ ''"" '"'^^ P^^ably conntitute crops of Silurian slat .s aT^Z^ ^^^^tT'"' ««^--' «»^- Petite Roche station on« nf ;""««^""«- About halt a mile north of limcHtoneater d o ; :Ull h^^^ "mT ^^"' *" ''^ ?'* ^'^^-^ ^^e crinoid stems. Cryst!,, .fi ' ' '"' '*'" '-"^^^'"'"^^ ^'--^ «<' numing Just a l^^Z^^^ZZ T" ''"'"'^ '^"^^ °" ^ ^««^ three-fourths of mile beyond fh ^ "' "■"■''""^'- ^^«'-«' «*^""t marble, whitish-grey in cZr ul f T ' ?"'^" ^-^^ensive beds of Marble of ei„. large m.u,ses of 11. bi t ir ' d.! ' '" ''"'""^''^^^ ^"-"^'-^'y to'"^' «'-'• have exposed the rok t « '* T ^";' «« ^^^ -"'^^ce quarries give mu^h proJis tf tj^^^Z^' T^'' «"^ ^^ -t quite local, and the orvT/nir . ^^"^ alteration is also ordinary gr;yfoln;Lu:re;:ne^T:hetrT ''"'''' ^"" ono small expl™ „; °! m'"''""' °"'''"»' b'"'* f™,,,™!. o„ly »n.„a, I,, rr :L::'er.::Mror,2*:r "" r '"- 20 D GEOLOGICAL SUKVET OF CANADA. Sellodune to Ciiurlc Itiver B ack ?o nt "^r T'"" 1 '''''''' ^"^ ''''^' *« *^« vicinity of Uon of clffftt- K ^'■'"^trong'H Brook they fom the lower por- Bive maHses. From Now Mni. n..^ i ^ , "^ •i'lorca by the intru- the ca.CHreou« 12 ^e^^^" et^'in-^ t t "7"; ^'^^"^^^" ^^-• altered conglomerates which on the "t- \ ? "'^ '"^^'^^ ^^''^ station, .hot an ^ntiol^.:':;,Z^:'^^:Z::;'^^-^^^^ and extend with only two small bands of sSu abn. tlf"" TZ " within one and a quarter miles of the Cha o P "'''"^ *^^ ^'^^^^^^^ to bably continue northward, but are ovS arnl^T"" ''7 P^^" horizontal red beds of the Lower Carbon'tous' " ''"' '^ *'« North of Charlo station the back roads show altermifp \..^ eon ■ slates and trappean rocks tho Uh., T ? ^^^^ of Silurian face is JargelyTvererby d 5ft tm wf '^^^^ '^'^^ *he sur- trappean i-idges and SHuHan b^ds wh^^^^^^^^^^^^^ *''^' ™ *^« 8ions both on the road leading south from B ik "^'^'^^'^^'^^g depres- around Bon Ami Point Pi om th!,^ ? ^^ n"''' *"*^ "^^"^ ^'^^ "^oro S,^^c...«ve distinct ridgesTfla^Wr?^^^^^ and west, and the depressions are occunied bv w^^ Tf ''^ '^* Silurian rocks which a're highly fossSus ke Sr^'r?,^' nan with the trappean rocks is well seen in iU.T ^^ *^^ ^''"- the shore, and the relative age I re tZ ts oT "^ ""^"^'' '^ made out. The Silurian rocks, limestonerand f /'" ? '"" ^' '""''^y Possi.»i„ the alteration near the contact wit^. Z iT 1 ''^'' '^""^ ^ "^^^'^^^ te^^-^-'have enclosed a fosIlfrortL Slltf ' 'f '* «"« P^-o the traps thus appear that althougrtre tls W an ""''".'^'^^ '' "-^'^ with the fossiliferous stfata, th XHe" T^^^^^^^^^^ ^«f ^^^ structure of bedding subsequent to the denori? thl ^'l ^f ^^"^ **^' ^^"«« the Silurian bedsit Bon Ami Po':;risT5;?^"':;^:;r ^t th"^ V^"^ ^' towards the Eel Elver flat to N 16° B < 46° ' "kmges South Of the trap ridgo. „h|„, ,.„„ „,„„g ^'^ ^^^^^ ^.^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^_ NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWtOK. . 21 D stes™' ' r: ^^7 ^"^ Tr "^^* '-''^'--^ "- --t.., exposed at intervaLon 1 onl^f .'^ ^""'■'''^" ^^'^^^ ^^^'^^^ «- Biver to Balmoral and Bl^h- mL T' '''"' ^'^'^^^'"^ ^««* ^''^"^ ««' branch o. that riverabolt tw ''T' ott ements, as well as on the north • POB^offieeatthoEeli^verFlrks O^^r'',""" "«^* of Shannonvale S. <45° in its eastern nart h!". <^^« farmer road thedip, which is County south an anticli'nal. At fh latte; loT^l . 7'^^^^^ micaceouB slates is N lo' F ^to'' """ '? "' *^^ «''^'«"'-««-' «""dy, south of Bon Ami Po'int From .,' "'^"f**^'^ **>« «ame as on the coast strike across to the Up^Lith p. ''"'"fT"''"^^ '''' «'''""«" beds Exposures, however a cLlt!''"' ''f ^'' ''^''•"'^'^' ^'^"^ ^««^"bed. to the enoi-mous covj^^ rof 7^7" " 't ^^"'^'^ ^'^^ ''''^'^y «-»ff the Restigouche J^Ter f Bath^t T V"' "'"''' "'''''^ ^'^^'^"'^ ^™- cutting a.n, the 1.^ - -, ot the moa.h of the MetapedTa R^e ' St" ^ '^^^^ '""" "''^^ '^'^^ ^^^ the high spur of dark h II" Jk ''"'*' ^* ^''^^ P'^«« ^est upon breccialdtlp;tL-o:^, wh crttTui:' • ''■^^' V'''^'''' ^"^ fossiliferous grey sandy beds wifK / ? • " P"''"'"^' •''"^' «'^"«'«t «fj^""««- «' glomerate, th^^^^l b «: Jll l^ '-ds of limestone con-^ATnaT^^ rounded i^ shape, cirtodJth^?V" '-ticular or roughly north side of the^;„nrhl?bell-r^^^^ ^" *^« of a few hundred yards thfl ri;^ ;« ^ ^^- J*- < 75 , but in the course (iiorite come« o„t to the poT^d ,.n7 I- "" "'' *""" 1^"^" ti.i. ».a. „bo„. ia; :;rCirr:s"r!! ""'f-rf' ^'''^ ^" ''^^ °^^^" ««»th-^««^ Miramichi they rmnt^etff ','"''" '^ '^ ''''''''' -^«- ^^^g'-ite. but contain"; in a X . 'l '"' P""'' '"' ^^^"^ ''""' t^^«"- ^o-^thern margin. L al these places the general lithological characters of the group a,^ maintained, and certain belts can be traced continuously. As Tg^-oup they res. unc.nformably on a series of felspathic gneisses and JyZf sout eu. poition of the province, described in the Report for 18^9 Brief descriptions of some of these rocks as seen on the N pisiguit and elsewhere are given in Professor H. Y. Hind's Report fo the New — A..1 age, 11 b -rinTruLt Tll^^TtZ gioup a similar classification being made in the southern part of the province. Subsequent investigations in that area, howeve^, have NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK. 2a I) tZlT ! '"'u' '^''' '''' ''^•^^•^'^ •"*« '^- distinct anC widely nrov r **''"■ determination. The northern portion of tht IZ ' k'^'"''"' '' '''' *^^ ^'-«t«'-part entirely unettJand an ct^Te i„"f""' -ildernesa, densely wooded and accessible only b; ZZZZTT' " "?"''''" ^" "'■"*«'■' ^'^ *^"t accurate delh,el brthfvar^^^^^^^^ '?'•""*"' impossibility. The sections afFo,xied f^r de.Z of ''' '''''"'"''■' ^^^^ ^"'^'^'^d "« t« pi-onounco with a seen onT T^^ ^'C''^"''''* exposures of Cambro-Silurian rocs is Northern li.it ZIT ^l^fT ^''''•- ^" ^^•'^ ''''^^' «t ^«»o»« points upward sf&^- l^rth^l^!^^^•^^^^ darkei thin bands o, fine slates and coarser sandy beds, cut by fre quent veins of white quartz which contain traces of copper i on pyr, es" ffe^TroJ r ^■^^^-^--ide-bly altered and'llithoro^i: ^ Ttho £,:T'rr ' '". ''P- ^* ^^^^^"^^ P'^"^*^ - this stream, as fosl at fonl *f 7T "S '' the back settlement road, indistinct ZZ Tu- """' ^^^'^^ ^"™^ ^'-^ ""^t well enough preserved W otrs'ouh^^^ ^" theMillstrfam,'thon:t sh and ? K ^' intercolonial railro^ul bridge, ledges of green- mh and purple brown slates are seen resembling%'hose seen fn thl Tete a Gauche. Fossils could not be determined definitely in these rocks ele:;e"%r ;t'^^^^^^^ ^'^■^'^ may^indicaLtt : existence. These slates are somewhat ashy In their texture and con associated with soft, black ana graphitic slates which hold abundant "^"^ ' *''*'"=•>*'• nnpressions of graptolite.. Half a mile above the railroad brklge " the fo a sho': d ^^^'^-'^--^ -d conglomerates occupy th'e stre m toi a short discance, resting upon greyish felspathic and slaty rocks at times schistose and soft, purple in color and ochreous from the decompos.tionotir..pyntes.AttheLowerPalls,neartheroadcro"si^ to a Iwhi ' ™''" """ *^" ''''''''' ^^■^^^«' the rocks chan^ to a felspathic conglomerate, the paste being coarse and irrittv and dip of the whole being apparently south, the an^rle doubtful Throuc^h the back settlements of Dumfries, St. Louise and Eobertville these rocks vtiryTw"' .reenis. dolerites, moderately coarse '^nHn^t vicinity of Dumfries church they dip S. 10° W. <60°. On the straight road south fi-om Dumfries ledges of hard greenish and g^ey sh do e'fte o cur near the crossing of the road to Dunlop settlement but on th « cross road, about half way, at the bridge over Grant's irook? arg 24 D ledges of grey QKOLOOrCAL SURVBr OP OANADA. c:aceonH and well banded Hlates dip N 20° W ^-TO QO" Zn'rl^'n T T' ""' ""^ Pyi'ouH bed. These extend TJJ f:'f' ""^ "'■'^^ '""^'' '''•«'^«" "^"d twiHted, probably from of b black and red manganese bearing slate seen further south on the So, t h w"Tm' '" • T '''^ '''" '^' "'^'^^ ^^'''^^^ the country to the main houth-West Miramichi. Between Grant's Brook and Peter's River along the railroad the d^or^?/^"S.;7«- .^""'"^H '''''''''' P-^ipally doleritic rocks, often rghly fel8path,c and m places concretionary, the concretions varying in size ^.^r •"'i7/^««r"' ''''*' ""^ '■" ^•■«'^«" surfaces dislsing a circle of small holes in dots ai-ound the outer margin. thi?r;nr'^' ■ T u '"'"^ """^ i"-egular ridge, and atseveral points carry th>n veins c. re.i hematite, which, however, was not observed in tance tr'r^r T'" '"''''' "' *^'^ '^'^^'-'^^'t^'' "« '^^^^ i^ a short dis- tanc. the Tete a Gauche, which for its entire length affords good exposures fron. near its mouth to the lakes, a distance of aboft 30 rmles the greater part of which distance is over rocks of presumed post-road^vbout one quarter of a mile north of Peter's Eiver, dipping b 5 W. < 55 , whence they extend westward. On the Tete k Gauchfl red Lower Carboniferous rocks occur in the bank below er^Hoad ^'^'e ^ «-ehe l^'Z ' ^ "" ^^ ^""""^ '' *''« P"«*-«d- but at the rai ro^d Rwer. beds of grey and purple ashy slates, similar to these seen on the Mi^ Btream, are associated with the graphitic black slates containing g7a^ yet been definitely determined, owing to their poor state of nr« «ervat,on closely resemble similar Lms foun in .e QueC group of the Gaspe Peninsula. These beds therefore probib ^ s"ml 7'r-7"'""."'''" Cambro-Silurian system at thl pot. ttatrfnt' '"""*'' "'*•' "*'"'•"' ^'-^y -^ -"dy, extend up to near the falls, being well developed in the vicinity of tie mill but no o her ross. I remains could be discerned. At the falls, about eigh f - B-tburst, reddish and green slates which form a conspfcu ous and welWefined part of the formation are seen. The reddish Ls contain considerable ,nanganese in the form of small nodules.Tnd^e &tT/,e . "^ T "* ""I', ''">! ^"'^^ extensively but unprofitably worked for this (,auehe fan. n eral, as well as for copper. The manganese bearing character of h belt ,s an important element, and serves to define the formation throughout Us extension to the south-west, being easily observaWe at a number of points. These are associated also with Wack, rus y a^d NORTHERN NKW BRUNSWICK. 26 D manganese stained slaten, which are also easily recognised over a lar-re area as an integral part of the formation. They arc doubtless the same as those seen on Grant's Brook, previously noted. Thoy are frequently minutely wrinkled or covered with fibrous markings on the • 'h!i ?;. ."^*'" r'^ "'""'P'^*' "'"^ disturbed. These two sets of beds, the red and black slates, very Htrongly resemble in lithological character some of the slaty beds of the so-called Quebec g^^up Between the falls and the narrows, about nix miles further up .team the black and manganese-stained slate predominates with occasional red beds, as a the falls. At the narrows they are met by a heavy band slat^«?b rr ;"■"'' '''"' — ^y-five ya.^. in width, cutting the Brook a^'. r T "'"''' '^ ^- '^° *^- '^^'^^' "P t« Arm«tron>. Above th. ''TT^''''^! - '"i'^' black slates cut by diorites occu. Above th,s brook for nearly a mile, fov. exposures are seen, with the exception of another heavy ridge of green diorite about mid-way. but at th.fl po.n ledges of grey and graphitic sub-crystalline limestone, k occur They appear to form a portion of the black ite grip and are ^f^^"" associated with greenish and blue calcareous «lates, whfch clip N 5;° '--• ^ W. < t>5-e0 . These limestones occur at intervals for several miles sometimes with hax^ green massive chloritic and epidotic diorites and' at others with black manganese-stained slates. Their crystalline character may be due in places to local alteration from the presence of the d.orites as in the case of the Silurian marbles of Elm Tree E,ver already mentioned, and may be repetitions of the same bed brx)ught to the surface by folds. Their extension along the strike could not be traced owing to the wooded character of the country but they have apparently a strike of KE. and dip at a high angle 80° Above this, or about one mile below the South Branch, the black slates cease, and the stream is occupied with soft greenish talcose schist, dip E. < 55 and cut by frequent veins of white quartz. This probably marks the northern limit of the Cambro-Silu.-ian in this direction, the two sets of beds being apparently unconformable, though actual contact oA^J'""'' could not he seen Thence up to the upper falls, about one mile "'""'"'• below the fi..t lake, tal,ose and chloritic schists, often felspathl extend till they are covered by the fossiliferous Silurian beds beloJ the outlet of the -ako. ^^low The road leading up the Tete a Gauche Eiver, on the south side hews ,a,ove the falls and in the Rose Hill settlement, the same se^ts of black iron and manganese-stained slates, already described as occurnng on the stream. At the eight mile post, nea/ the falls, t ere are ledges of grey schist with quartz veins, dip S. '"^*^'"- «" nodules of man.anes'e'lnrSe o^ Zl^f/rf ^'^ ^'"'^''"^ ^^sociated with beds of greyish si- It n , ^""'''" ^'^"^ «•'« foHsils whieh. however fZ L w ^ ' ^' "''^^^'^''""'^ ««"taining determined, but aZZ f 1 ' '"'^"'^'^ '^''"'•"«t«'- ««"""t l-e than toSilu'rian ^rs" T e :er:n T^ ''''' ^o Cambro-Silurian granite masses, which in ZZTu '""''"' '""^ '""''^ '^'^'^^«d l>y -eral fee, and pTo ul t'le'r^of st' P^ ""^" '" ^^^'^^ ^- rounding beds. They do uotul "''"" ^"^ '"'^'^ '" t''^ «»r- metamorphie belt, ^ th y c" ii t Tr"/ "T *" '^'"'^' *" ^'^^ '^'^'-t we approach the Fork whe" TtVd f "^ ""' ^7"^''^' ''' «''^*-' <^" we find genuine micace uTgn^isl « Pre"r '?'""' '^"'- '"^'^^^ '^«'«- On the main No.-tJ,-West mTZ u ^f"^^'"^'-"^" ^^t. first seen at the bridge aT 0^1' Tl'f ?'''''' '"^"^ ^••«>'«'^^*- -« mouth of Postage pfver Tl l' s"^. ""' '''''' ""^^ ^-'•^^ ^I- aHhy slates of the Tete , Gaud^^ and the N ' • " "^'"^ '"^^^^^^^ *« ^^e is N. 50O W. < 40-G0°. Above Porta" ^-^"fK" '^'"'■'" ^'^''''' "^P irony slates already descXd n^^ T f "' ^'^^ '"""'^ ^^ ^'^^^ and beds, are met whicl^etrn^up^o aC^^^^ T^ ^"^ ^-" -^7 •small stream from the sout^. Indt.r ?. ' ''^''''' ^^"^y ^'^^^'> « Wever, tor Ueterminatio were ob Ir^ ""' ^' '^^«"«- '^^ ^ "-> The black slates of this strJar^ ^^ . '""? •*'' ^"^'^^ '^^«- ---estonyB^okr:::^:!:— -:^^^A^ North-West Miramichi River. Copper, hy the hanl, frreon in connection wi(li 5 indicftted by the , ulthoij^rl, (liligont —but tbo ^nntp an iiUinc ^noiHHCH and otwoon the Indian "d we have little than, and to lio ly tobedcHcribed. Mii-amichi Kiver, have been traced 'd HoctionN acroMN its bi-anclKw, the n quai-t/.itcs and »In() well marked aw a groijj), n-st der syHtom. On I slates holding fviiche fallB are land containing 'tor cannot bo IJambro-Silurian inch avrocLod by !i in coi.iact for Tiica in the sur- »g to the oldest 8 and slates, till >ur miles below lect. grey slates are niles bolow the ■ospecta to the eir general dip 3 of black and id green sandy Stony brook, a Ills, of no use, gi-eyer beds. a:ular veins of ces of copper, A short dis- er, becoming NORTH KHN NKW BRUNMWiriC 29 D ro- 011 tain Hhh.K thov roHon bl« :, V "«^, ' ^.^' **'" ™""tl' of the Moun- Pr.,b»».iepr.. »IM>on.Hrt<.r jNip Hil^^^^ ^ -actor tho gnoi«.,i.l lol.itc. of thu'^"""^'" ''^•• K'roon and ltov occur »,i:,i i , ""'"*" l«»"'t «laty bodH, gnoiHMM.i, reddish and lm-ov Ibl^iton amir , 1 ""'' l"^'"^J;'""««t.'f HiMo.. . i I . '' •'^ loiMicob arc met, which havo an «riHi...i.,^""'^''" "^i continue up nt^oan/ ^^^ ^^^^"^ ^^ ^r'^'' ^r^""^-"' »-' theHolt'te^ entirely unsettled co.,nf,.v\h . ,^'"'" '«"'"'''*«d, i" «uch an ien of fh r« courtly the .mpo«8ib.lity of foUowinK the boundar heroin do.crib.U., upp,.i|™„.„,/„r Ll t .. "C '"" "° PBE-CAMBltlAN. The area which we have included under this head is occupied lar^elv by hjghly metamorphic rocks, many of which are very felath^ 1,^ J for the most part gneissic in structure. The well marked pl^mce^. % 30 1) OKOI.OOIOAL SITRVRT OK CANADA. Diftributiori of tho Pro Cambrian Oranite. FelHites. Characteristic n>ok of tho Pro-Cambrian • bodH and breccias and tho crystallino limostones of tho southern part of the provM.ce soom to bo entirely wantin^^ With the exception of the HulH-rystail.ne limestone of the Tote a (ianche of Cambro-SiJnrian aire m.d the i..cally altered marbles of the Silurian, no rocks of this kind huvo been met with in the vtist stretch of country between the main Sonth-VVest M.ramichi mul tho Nipisi^uit Rivors. The most nortliern prolongation of the rocks of presumo.l Pro-Cambrian ago is soon in the upper part of tho Tete a (ianche River, and consists of high ly talcose and chlont.c schists and slates; unconformable t<^ the overlying Cambro- S.lurian, and resembling in character many of tho schists of tho Pre- ( amhrian of Albert and King's counties, described in tho Report of Pro- gicss, 1873-9. On the Nipisiguit these rocks are much more extensively exposed, oxtendiT.gfrom below tho Indian Falls, about forty-seven miles from the mouth of tho river, s„mc sixteen miles „r so above tho mouth o the Portage Brook, which takes its rise near the hoiid waters of tho r^'""'Tnnn'':. '^^^^ ^"'"'^ '"^'^' ^'"'^' ''^'^^'^'^S "" «'«^''tion of not far roin ..000 fecr, above tho sea, and present prominent features in tho bndscape which seem to indicate the extension of this formation. With the exception of tho bright rod granite in th cinity of Bathurst no rocks of this kind are seen along the river, bii „, the lower part of the mam south branch which joins the Nipisiguit at (,'0^ miles ft-om its mou h, granites of red and grey color are seen, fine-grained and re- sembling HI character many of the granites of the Laurentian areas of the province of Quebec. Above Portage Brook, to the head of tho river, the prevailing rock .H a hard dense, often porphyritic and generally reddish folsito, tho pocul.arcolor of Avhich is well seep in the bald summits of many of tho huge rounded hills that occupy both sides of the river for a lon^ distance. ° The typical rock oi the Pro-Cambrian of this region is a greyish folspathic gneiss, often with a reddish tinge on weathered surfaces and frequently containing hornblende. Those hornblende schists are common, and many of them are talcose. They are well displayed in the hills about Portage Brook and on tho portage to Upsahputch Lake, rhoy are highly crystalline, the banding being well marked on voathered surfaces and are much crumpled, generally at right angles TsN\^"7"J^'"f '''^ ^""•^'•^^' ^^'P ^''^^ beds in thfs vicinity .8 K >0 W. < 46°. Great masses of this rock weather very rusty from the presence of iron pyrites, and are cut by quartz veins which however, are often very irregular and reticulate, on weathered surfaces! •n all directions Similar rocks form high hills about tho Upsalquitch Lake nssocmted with hornblende schists, which dip N W < 15_20° and present tho same minutely crumpled aspect. Below Portage Brook lorn part of ption of the iliiriiin Uii;o, f this kind n the main it northern soon in tho talcoHoand g Cambro- )f tho Pre- •ort of Pro- xtonsively oven miles tho mouth ;or8 of tho of not far ro8 in tho (brmation. Bathurst, or part of 8 from its d and i-e- I aroas of ling rock aisito, tho my of tho )r a long . gi-oyish, surfaeos, 'histfi are played in ell liako. irkod on it angles vicinity ry rusty 8 which, surfaces, alquitch ; 15-20°, :e Brook NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK. 31 n exposures along the river are few, ledges of similar character appear- ing, however, at intervals. At Blue Ledgo, two miles below tho forks l'np«r P"'* "f of tho South Branch, greyish gneissoid rock composed principally of 'tiver."""""' quartz and hornblondo in layers appears to dip south-easterly at moderate angles. Two miles further down, at a sharp bend in tho river, known as Devil's Elbow, lodges of similar rock extend along the north side of the river, and have a dip of S. 40° E. < 40°. This rock also occurs a short distance up tho South Branch, associated with fine, dense, greyisn granito containing black mica. They are all similar to the ledges occurrmg on tho dpsalquitch portage, and are doubtless parts of tho same series, and from this to tho Indian Falls are soon in trequont ledges along the river and on the slopes of tho mountain ridges on both Hides. A short distance above the Indian Falls several prominent hills known as the Bald Mountains, are soon to be composed of almost similar rocks; the dip, however, changes to S. 10-20° W. < 90. Tho country to the south of the Nipisiguit, between Indian Falls and Hrokon country the Main South Branch, is very high and broken. Lofty mountains from Ihe Ni,Suit?' l.oOO to 2,000 foot above the sea, in many places covoi-ed with impas- sable blow-downs, in others burnt completely bare, extend as far as the eye can see to tho southward, and form the country about tho head waters of tho North-West Miramichi. Along tho South Branch itself granite is the prevailing rock, sometimes grey and fine-grained, but more frequently red and coarse, and resembling that seen in Charlotte county, described in preceding reports. The character of the country, however, is such that it is impossible to tell with accuracy whether this coarse, red granite forms a broad, continuous belt or is d-'vidcd into several ridges. The South Branch, after passing tho forks, seven miles from Its mouth, in ascending the stream shews no ledges, while the sides of the mountains alongside are generally an impenetrable jungle of green woods. Frequent pieces of gneiss and schist, however, in the bed of the Btream seem to indicate that belt^ of these rocks are associated with tho granites, and that the latter occurs in two or more ridges, separated Two kind« ef by metamorphic aroas. Below tho forks of the South Branch, how- ""'""''• ever, the granite is mostly fine-grained and differs entirely in character from the other and coarse red variety. The finer varieties may there- fore be classed with the gneisses and felsite schists of tho Pre-Cambrian, with which they are apparently intimately related. Large aroas of these felsite schists and folspathic gneisses occur on tho south side of theGnei«,e« and Nip.siguit Eiver, below tho South Branch, and are well disclosed in thoLiuitBaid elevations known as Little Bald Mountains, where they dip apparently ^'"'"**''"* N. 10° E. < J>0°. An elevation one milo to the west having a reverse dip of S. 10° W. < 45°, shewing that these old rocks arc thrown into anticlines. South of this, on tho Little South West Miramichi the 32 D GEOLOGICAL srJEVEY 01' CANADA. Littln Mouth-weet Miramichi. Mflin South-west Miramichi. Character of country in interior. .Odd Hh-grey fo spath.c gnei«se« are also well developed and dip N Zou"JT "" . " "'"" '' '-''"■ ^^^^^ l-ere apparentl/rest bTondec. M r^ f-'"' ^--^"-h-grey, iine-grained gneL and horn- ct t N E T, 7 M "' T: ^""'^ ^^^'""'^'"^"^^ disseminated. sn a? folds' n ; '"^ ?' *^'"' '^'*^''^*« **•'« ^'■'^•^P'«d or twisted •elZhic I u , ^T ''""''' """^ ""''-' ''^'^^'^ ^^'^ «hloritic and lelspathic ba.Hls also occur. Above this to the contact with the granttc about two and half miles below the middle North B^h a uceess.onotsch,stsand felspathic gneisses with occasionafdykes c^' redd sh granuoui rock and ielsites with micaceous diorite aie seen On the mam South-west Miramichi, the rocks of this age seem to be conhned principally to the gneisses of the upper part of the "ver or rom upomt about live mUes below the forks'' Other rockralonTth ver a though schistose and gneissic seem to owe their metamorpll Hther ,o ocal mtrusions of red granite than to other causes Zt a" .•incipallymlow^Cl^:-;S:C:ft^^^^^ z:^X^:^;;::::'z^z- 7^«--^o;ever,r;::;^ j'"if,oLung uuough the country was not fullv ftYnmlnnH :eTatI:;:h?'"''^T"^.'' ^''''^ --^^^ ^ ?ully '1^^ The' slates '""" ""' "'"^' ^ *^^ ^'-'"^^« -d altered GRANITES, DI0HITE8, D0LEEITB8. FEL8ITE8 &c loft, ,«.k. ifsirit: othi u;';i'r ■""' "r '-"- ofthe land^apo, and in those hk-h l«nH '"'"' "'°.P""«'l'al ., «o„i„l, 'into th. b:; Chaeu :': Z 7'""%°' "," ""•«" a-i™. Tho gonorai olevalion oi .he hZ at thfrT ,' '?'"' '*"'"' South we-t i,, h, .„„,.„, a,«„t'm„'ir above lie? "^Th" granite here is exposed in low ledj^es Rlnn.r 1! f ^^® northabouttheheadofthe.Norrh Sm ^ the stream, but further height of 630 fiet and 1-^ ^ ^r"'"'"' '"'" *^^^« ^^'^ ^o a further d and dip K pparently rest oiss and horn- disseminated, led or twisted chloritic and act with the •th Branch, a onal dykes of I'ite are seen, '<■ 50° W. 45°. seem to be ' the river or Jks along the 3tamorphism ises, crystals the line of an) appears nd wouki be or, owing to y examined, stablish the and altered •r irruptive la about the Miramichi, i>ai features f the large take their the Little ivel. The 'Ut further thcNipisi- 700 to 1800 a further end south- he typical to that of ving large i-equently I NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK. 33 d ^ I rep acod by hornblondo and those constitute the syenite of former ro porte and occaBionally both mica and hornblende are pres r t In t e v.c,mty of Bathurnt, granites of this characterle well exposed On the Nip.8,guit they are first seen at the Rough Waters thr«o mTl! from Bathurst, where they form the bed of the river ler'^^^^^^ Hoft red sandstones and fine conglomerates of the LiwerCarbomTrM . ■ ous. Thence they extend upstream for nearly nine ^e but Inot^^^^^^^^ shew on the south bank of the stream except at a ve.y few lints They px-oduce the rapids known as the Eough Waters .boT,tr -U,sinlengtb,and are well seen at the PaleT^ ^ail w^^^^^ :fr:;;rt zz:r' ''""'''' - '"''' -^-^ ^^^^-^^ -'--' ^ The granites are^ cut by dykes, generally of small size, of almost of syenite the felspar greatly predominating. In the upper part above rock. Ihey also become much finer grained than the ordinary variety seen in the vicinity of the railroad bridge. These -^ranites a^e il o seen on the Little and Middle Rivers fof a short diln e Xe th" railroad crossing, and the lower part of these streams is choked vUh huge blocks of this rock. Low ledges also appear on the line of the railway between Bathurst station and the Nipfsiguit R voV wheivt the covering of drift has been removed oi, wneievei On the main South Bmnch of the Nipisiguit the granites probably have their largest development in this portion of thf prov h^ Thi^ stream joins the Nipisiguit from the south at about sLxty mil s fi-om Tlerth A '^",^*^^«•^^^^ ^ S--*- -uutry for the greater pan of ^oS^fatTf ''7" '"! ^'"^^ ^^""^*'« anddioritic rocks at about half a mile from its mouth. This rock is mostly grey, composed of quartz, felspar (grey), and often black mica, thouJlffi/qCnTno felspar is red and gives its color to large areas of the granite It is r. however, fine-grained, and entirely unlile the common'i'd g ani tof| W^^^ stieam This fine-grained variety extends up the South Branch about five miles, to within one and a half miles of the Fork, the red color predominating n« we ascend the stream. In places it resemble Kingston. No gneiss or mica schist is seen with this rock. It forms immense mountains, whose white weathering bald side., often termi- nating ,n vertical blulFs of several hundreds of feet, flanked by huge heaps of debris, present prominent features in the landscape. The LTrthL?"^ *'' 'r'''' ^" *'^ P^«^^"««- Huge hills extend a! fai as the eye can reach. These ai-e often burnt completely bai-e and 34 D GEOLOGICAL BUBVEY OF CANADA. Burned country. bution of tho granite on tho outh Branch tho mountain rock is entirely denuded of soil; at othorb small clumps of green woods break the sterile aspect of the country and indicate the course of some small stream. Thousands of acres of timber have been completely destroyed in this portion of the country, and the soil 111 many cases so completely burnt off that only a small .rrowth of bushes can now find footing. These hills in tho fall of the year aro fairly blue with blueberries and abound with boars. The sti-oams aro for tho most part, especially when a young growth has sprung up ivell stocked with beaver, which, in spite of their wholesale destruction' are still plentiful in nearly all the streams of the interior. About one and a half miles below the fork of tho South Branch or SIX miles from its mouth, the fine-grained red granite suddenly chanUs to the ordinary coarse red variety. This is well exposed up to tho J^orks, above which the stream for some fourteen miles flows through a low and sv., .py hollow between high mountain ranges densely wooded and almost impassable. It is difficult, thoroforo, without fu- ther examination of some of the side branches to say definitely whether the granito forms a continuous belt from* this point to tho Bi.' Bald L7»^l,r'-^«^^"t^'°« °«'*^- th« head of the stream. It would, however, almost appear, from the quantity of schistose and gneissoid pieces broutrht down by some of the small branches from tho east side, that the .nan- ite may occur in parallel ridges with areas of mica schists, ..neisses etc., intervening This view i^ also supported by tho strike of the gneissoid bods which flank the oaatorn extremity of the granite area Several granite ^ ^'^"^ the obsoi-vations ^^ havo boon able to make in the country south of the Nipisiguit, or bci.veen that river and tho main South-west Mira- miciu, It seems probable that there exist at least two and probablv thrce mam g,-anitic axes, which extend North-eastwards from the Miramichi. The continuation of these granitic hills has been traced further wo.t by Mr. Charles liobb, who has defined two of them east ot the bt. John Eiver between Fredericton and Woodstock On tho mam South-west Miramichi, however, other minor axes of granite are Boon, in places separated by only a few yards of slaty or schistose rock It IS probable that several of tho.o smaller bands merge into one as they extend east or west from the river. Of those, the most south- erly bolt 18 that soon in the Little South-west Miramichi, where it first appears about two and a half to throe miles below the Middle North Branch, extending north-east from the river about four miles, but term- inating before it roaches tho main North Branch. From its first con- tact with the Little South-west it extends up the river several miles, or to near the outlet of the Little South .vest Lake, where ledges of mica schist and other rocks again come in. This belt is first seen on the mam South-west, a short distance bolow Stony Brook, whence it ox- belts. Little South wast. R a all clumps id indicate mbor have nd tho soil growth of c year are -I'oaniH are iprung up, )8trQction, Branch, or y changes up to the 8 through s densely thout fur- 7 whether Big Bald 3r, almost s brought tho gran- gneisses, ke of the nite area, try south est Mira- probably from the an traced hem oust On the anite are ose rock, o one, as at south- •e it first lo North •ut term- tirst con- miles, or of mica n on the CO it ex- O) d( bi th Ni NOKTHEBN NEW BBfNSWICK. 8So I El B o I I o o D o tends up «tfo,. ,, ^.,^^^^^. ^ ^^^^ ^^^ niilo alK,vo Cloar- wator stream, hava,^, however, in this distance a small band of ha!-d tute he h.gh ridgo between the waters of the Tobiqne an the L 1 of t ertt^'"""''V""^^ ^«'^^-""^«- ^'^'h« north bra ch of the latter scream, whence it continues north-eastward and crossin-. the head wate,^ of the south branch of the Nipi.iguit, rises into Tit. a^t 2,500 feet, whence it stretches to the headwaJers of the Nonh '"'" Te netted b' " '' '"'"'"^"- '"^^"^ ^^"'^ ^^ most northeHy bolt noticed by us ,s seen on the north-east of the main South-west Branch above the Forks, where it appears as low lying ledges in tl bed oi the stream at intervals for some fifteen miles. The cas ward extension of this belt has not yet been traced, but it probab y s he «ame ,s seen about the Tobique and Long Lakes, at the h > d of he Kight-hand Branch of the Tobique Eiver, and on the South Bran h of the N.pis,gu.t .n the vicinity of the Forks already described. None of these belts apparently cross the Nipisiguit, the area about Bathurs boing the only one of the kind seen on that river or to the eastward of color' r""''"" ^^ *n' ^"^^-^««* Miramichi, though generally red in f equently m large Ci-ystals. The contact of the granites with the Blates ,s well marked along this river. In places, crystals of slurd, seemtLr /" '.'' f'"" along the junction ; at others the grant n'«ate: ha,^ slates ,n contact are altered to a hard schist and crystals of mica are deve oped in cross viens in them near the junction."^ The pu^ e slates and quartzites are also filled with crystals of iron-pyrites • ^nd .t other po nts the .slates near the line of contact app^b kert d jfusedforseveralyardsfromthegra^^ of the strata ,n that vicinity had occurred. Further explorations • however are desirable to establish the connection of the granite aZ' d teTZ, ;. ;r "r^ ""' ^he Nipisiguit as well aalmoxl fl ,y de ei mine the relations of the granites to the mica schists in that area but xt IS to be feared from the generally densely wooded character of mT^TU ""T' 'r"^ '' '^"^"'^"^^ ""^ ^« - impossibility Nipisiguit Eiver, as well as ui-ound the southoru side of the Nictor Lake 36 D OEOLOOICAL 8UBVBY OF CANADA. FelBitcs of tlio Upper Nipitiiguit. or homi of tho Littio Tobiquo River. On tho south side of thiH lake a huge mountain rises to a height of about 2,500 foot, flanked on its north Bide along tho shore of tho' hike, by groon talcoso and chloritic schists, of Pro-Cambrian aspect. This high mountain is composed of hani, dark rod crystalline folsite, porphyi-itic, with crystals of rod folspar^ and stretches off in a long ridge towards tho south-west, or to tho right- hand brunch of tho Tobique. It probably forms a continuous ridgo to the Forks of that stream, as rocks somewhat similar in character appear at that point. Tho hills fall abruptly towards the east, or across tho portage botwoon tho Tobiquo and Nipisiguit waters, but rise again to tho eastward, and continue towards tho south-east branch of tho Upsalquitch Eiver. This portage shows no lodges, but lai-go blocks of tho crystalline folsito lie scattered about, along with pieces of tho schist. Tho Upper Lake or head of tho Nipisiguit is enclosed by lofty hills, which are broken at the outlet. Descending tho stream, ledges are not very numerous for several miles, but whore seen consist of dark, red or purple tinted folsite often brecciated, an4 largo angular blocks of tho same are frequent. Just below the Littio South Branch is a high mountain, composed apparently of dense banded, light rod folsito, with abundance of iron pyrites along the joints. Those are cut by dykes of lino, very hard, diorite, greyish in color, tho felsites being porphyritic, like that of the Nictor Lake, and generally breaking into sharp, square blocks. Three miles below the Littio South Branch, or at tho 68-milo tree, ledges of the same banded rock occur, which seom from tho banding to dip S. E. < 20°. Two miles lower down a huge dome of folsito, with bald sides and top, forms a conspicuous object, its bright, rod color being distinguishable for a long distance. Thence dowu, to within a short distance of tho Portage Brook, whore tho portage to tho Upsalquitch River strikes across, those rocks continue till they are mot by tho schistose or gneissic rocks already described under tho heading Pre-Cambrian. ^ The scenery along this portion of tho Nipisiguit is very fine. Tho ielsito hills occur in a succession of peaks often rounded or dome-shaped, which stretch along both sides of tho river, and tho view from any of PMbablrage."'**^*^'^ '^^'^^''^ ^^^ surfaco of the country to be a sea of mountains in all directions. In character, the rock resembles much of tho old Pro-Cam- brian felsites of tho southern portion of King's and St. John counties both in the occurrence of breccias, potrosilox and its general porphy- ritic and highly crystalline nature. It would appear, from comparison with other rocks elsewhere, to be the equivalent of the felsite series of tho southern portion of the province, and therefore to be a part of the mica schist and gneiss series, probably a lower portion of it. Below the Portage Brook, on the Nipisiguit, but few pure felsites are NORTHKRN NEW imUNSWICK. 31 V ZZ: bton h^ iT '^" "T''"'"' "'•^ "'"•^«^'' '^"^' «^ ^he nature of UykoH, bu on the Ui,8a!,,u,tch a largo area of thono rocks is «L^ain mot w.th, wh.ch . probably the eastward extension of the main foti W from tho upper p, r< of the Nipisiguit. Just below the Upsalciuiteh Jlpathirri :^°'-"'-P-"r «^ ^-itoB, gabbros and mottL.MhB.. ITr Z ^^'. ''"«"••' «PP'"-ontIy intervening botwoon tho gneissoid mlh 7 r """ ^"**^"^ Brook, asmail branch of the Upsal- a'pnea. :r T "^'' ''' ^^^P'^' ^-^' -^ -T^talline felsites aga 1 appear, tho extension as mentioned of the felsite rocks above described enZr cttw 1' ■ '"'? ' ^'•^^" ^P'^^^'^ ^•^«'^«- ^'- *«'«iti t>t ,:i Ke... Me or ridge , on' r7n?H Til: '^ ^'"" ^' "^^' ^'''*'-'' "^^ ^-- a»t'^^- e evattl at V V • '^"'* ^''''' ™'"^ "'"^^ considerable «'^''- prom e"co of r't ,r -"''V''""^'' '" "^"« P'^"--"^^' *''« --^ed KcouotT , «.\"'/" *^' '"**'"*'^-- T*^^^' "'-^ ««"kod along tho brown rodTon 1 "^ "''?■"" '"'^' ^""' fossiliferous, and the beSs of blown, ,od conglomerates, mentioned in the vicinity of Now Mills as well as at other points along the coast in that vicin'^ty, havlp'^b 'bly col s^rt'Lert ''Z '''''''''''' these folsites as the'pebble^ composing the conglomerates are nearly all of this character wi h"'7 hifh ?H ^P^'*^^'"*^'^' "« «*1^«'- «-P---«« of any si.e are met the lorks of this stream, and ledges of tho same occur along the river • « ^T'^" '^'' "'■^^ in probably doUchod and but of snfall extent cut^Sesi :: : i T "^r^"^^^'^' ^^^^^-^^ 'y^-^ «^^«'«^^« a:rscen.e..,,... ter and mli ' "f " " ' .''''■'' '''' ^''''''''' ^1"'*« d''^*'"^' '" charac- ter and mode of occurence from tho great felsite areas already described. babi V of'/r" '"'' ^"''''"' ™'^^^'"^"^ ^" ^'^'^ «^'"-" bods, und p^ low rptfr. r; "^" " *^-/-PP-" -^g- of Dalhousi; and 'the hltraCl ^f '^'^"^^•«' ^ f«'«'t« ''^•««« of small si^o occur among the trappean rocks as an Integral portion. ^ 2>o^mY« --l^hese rocks are extensively developed about the lower ZZ T S^^«g^"«»^« f-"^ « point four miles below the moutlTof the Metapodia Eiver to Dalhousie, and also at intervals along the coast umts jense, aark green, hornblondic traps, frequently amvtrdaloidal »?d''>l??«^' trans'of K " l"""'- '"""'"'' '^"^ ^-^l-ntly 'resemble the Ssic """' mZ:L:Z^T' "^'"^^n '^"''^^^■' ^'^ P^-«"^ -" determined T^e. a.e. At mai.y po mts they are seen in the form of dykes cutting through fos^ ttZh :r 7t' '^"' ^'^'^"^•"^ *^^ character of the slats „ Series are s^ " '' Porcellanizing them, while the fossiliferous howevt thof Tr '' ''""''"'^ *" " ''•^^*«'""^ "^-"«' i» which, however, tho fossiliferous nature is clearly distinguishable. On the 38 D aiOLOalCAL BlIBVer 0» CANADA, Other band, thoy do not nltor the Lowor Cftrl)oniforouH bodn, which fre- quently nre Hiiperimj)08ed directly upon them, nor the Devonian rocks of the lower pnrt of tlio Itostigoucho, and pebbles of the trap are fre- quent in the latter. Further, the Devonian bodn of this locality Heom to have been dopositod after the trapjwan hillH ha occur south of Ch.-lo JRiver, asso- CLaHo and mted w th fossi hferous calcareous beds. The western extension of ^""""^• these various bands of eruptive rocks has not been traced. The ettle- coast of scarcely more than a mile in width, and in the dense and Bwampy lowlands or the rough and hilly wooded portions further back Tarv^l "T r "^'"^- '''''' '' "«*' ^«— ' -*-d probably to any very great distance, as they are not scon on the Upsalouitch iizurti'rrr "-''''''' '^-^^^-'^ areas of'^^^irt; sTuXn ^. '..r' ^"''' *''"'"^''' P''^'^"'^^^ "^ the close of the S.l«iian. Shcos of these rocks will bo proparodfor examination under rJao(|uet River. 42 D GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. North Bide of the Lower Rostigouohe. the deposition of the Zo^riii >, """-""I J" *" ""'""^ """» CMO thev lie „ J-iI ^™"'"" "'k-boanng heds, as in nearly every bellton and Dalhoufie " ^"^ ^"'^^^* ^«^^««" Camp- Surface GEOLoar. ' ('mud'i:!;:: Z^:z :: *» f-Bm.-i*Go.e™™e„t Bestig„„„he are ^ellTeribld tZ T" T""^' """ ">« " Upper and I»werTer«ary.T„Ih7f .'" ''r'''"* '""* *« »cLd „„- the overly iiiggi-avel irenerallv fil! f 1 . "''^ ''"'*^®- ^^^''^ J' fe ffiavei, generally fine, has a thickness of about fifteen feet, NORTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK:. 43d the clay also has about the same thickness, and shells of the san.« speces are seen in abundance in the latter. The heiiTt of tbi! .. T above the sea level is about eighty feet. Othercttt^fs of cot^^^^^^^^ rbTtrnZ;o"cX^tdihT^;r^ of sand aTd grave,. '"'' ''''° '^^"'^ ''^ ^ ^^^^ stratum ootl::::ZllT,:!::i *^^ ""/^^'r^^ -^ Restigo„che, ten-aces of nsiaerable extent are observed and have been already alluded to On he fencer stream four very perfect ones are seen on the wes bank At ffenerll he if nf .K ^^^'""''^ *^<> well-defined are seen. The general height of these terraces is about ten feet Stria) or ice-grooves were observed at several noints- on ih. ry , . Kjver, north of Bathurst tliA^^r i,„,r "'"'^^'^ P'''"*^' <>" the Peter's oiaciai (N SROF^ „. 1 ? ' ^ ^^^ * "®»'"'y east and west course ""''''•««• (.iN. 85 Ji.), as also m the v cinity of the Kim T..n^ w "' '^""\»o great thickness and wide extent n/tllc « . ''^''' *""' **'^ exposures of 8tri» rail ^" '"P*^*"^"'"' ^'''^ ''^''^^'-^ ^^e Economic Geot.ogy. appended. ' " '"'"'^ d^ription is herewith lo^MeT'' ';rZ:HM ifv '" 'r°" -P«rt«lfroma„„mber of n.e„t (1866) m„«° " L ; "■"'"';' '",*"' ""^ Brunswick Govern- ral Points iTeZi^ti'tTr ,^ft ': T" """""'^ "' ""»■ washing, indicate itsT.!" „"„'";; L"' ^'^ nL" oT ''" '""St'"- 44d QEOLOOIOAL StmVET OP CANADA. fee;™ roflZ U*Z„,"7 P— '"".»'»on deceived .^ .he pyrites HVnl™.! ■ i °0 ""^ mioa and minute particles of yellow f™.r ' '"'P''>'«'<>""l"'ve b.on carried on irreCTlariy w variousDe, «—:?■- re- -t r--z:£H good specimens of gold-bearing quartz are reported to have brn Ik^ up severa years ago, and the number and aspect of the quartrvdnt^ I^ittJe South-west Miramichi a fine specimen of irold i« «a,-H ^l been found, about three miles above the ^rth R 'f «*'d to have m,lcs above Boiestown, but .be exact ll,i°y frl „,« these wore originally derived has „„, „. „Ju ™" M.pic.el and o^ • Lms of p^ rj: ifco iMU^rt ties ,n these rocks, and in places the quart, veins look pro.rin '' A few specimens were examined in the laboratorv nf T P'^''"'"'"^- without affording any trace of Void T *^ tho survey, but u ^„ 1 . -^ ^ SOltl- It seems probable that if »=r::eZz:r.^rtScnt/£-^^^^^^ yet been examined, owing to the difficulty of a^ess, farther etZI .ons may be more succeesW, the condition, do not eem to Zrant ";iX"ri'ro*' -- --"' "' -- -- — M»i™ntt ferS^lrr ^SX^it'S/to'Z^Si^r in ^it rails ot tbe lete ^ Gauche and the Baldwin Mine on +Ka at; • • -1 about twelve miles from it. mnnfK tTw?. .. '"^ °". *^^ Nipisiguit, Mispickel. Copper mines -' the of the Nijpisil ni^„. . , .; r ^"® ■"'"°^'° ™ine, on the Ninisimiif Kuit and lY-te ii ^bout twelve miles from its mouth. In both fh««A l«,.„i-r .^'P'^'^uit, »f copper was very small, and the rlTll^^'-^^^Z'' The extension of the belt in which the Baldwin Mit/is ritaaticl' Teat majority ituro of short, sed the oxist- sociatod, but eived by the iles of yellow Various per- ry results. A ) have found i gold at the n operations in rocks of ot yet been huraberland been picked rtz veins at le. On the laid to have and not far I the Main >d a few >m which scertained. ble quanti- proinising. lurvey, but J that, if cplorations ivalonts of led in this ch has not r explora- > warrant amount of md in dif- fst, in the • that for- »n are the 'ipisiguit, le amount isfactory. ated can NORTHEEW NEW BKUNSWICIC. 45 be roaddy seen on the North-west Miramichi and in the Big Sovofflo further south, and at both these places copper pyrites and red oxide or cupnto was seen in small quantity, and the indications are quite as ^in L" • " r "'"'^'^ "' '^' '''^''- ^«"*^ «f *t«™> l^owever, con- TZ^'T""^r' ""''" *" ^«™^«"y expenditure of mone^, and t:::ip^Xt\^Z'''"'''''''^ " ^^"^-^ ^^^"^ ^^^'^^^« ^^mnese was formerly mined at the T6te H Gauche Falls. Its Man.a.e,o of mode of occurrence in the Cambro-Silurian red and black slZ^'^^''^^^^^^^ in the form of small nodules has been already described. The slates were crushed in a stamp mill, and the ore separated by washing No large deposits s.mil.r t., those of the southel-n part of the province were found, the Lower Carboniferous limestones and conglomeS in wh,ch they usualy occur, being wanting in this part of^hr otlv Many of the rocks of the Cambro-Silurian are deeply stained ftom h^ presence of this mineral, but no well-deHned veins have anywhere bee„ seen. The company which worked the mine at the TSte Jg^LZ, repoi-ted to have extracted a large quantity of the ore, but the results ZLZT' ""^^^^^^^«*«'->'' - ^h« -- b-e long since beln Gakm, said to be rich in silver, has been reported as occurrinir inr , detached masses of considerable size at several points along teZisT I'^-'^C guit; nodepositofithas ever been seen on this stream, bu° t "ces oH^ ~ were found by us in some of the rocks in the area under exam nlti2 Such rumors are frequent in various parts of the province and but small x^nance can bo placed upon thom. It is possible, howev;r that L connection w.th the graphitic and sul rystalline lime'stene binds 1" on the Tete a Gauche, and which probably cross the heads of the wl" A. M n' '"''^'"■^ "' ''^ ^^P'^'^'^^*' - -«" - on tbe head waters of the Mdlstroam, and the streams in that vicinity, deposits of this mineral may occur, but as these localities are .ccessiWe only with gi-eat difficulty or on snowshoes, the discovery of such, if ever made wil doubtless be due to accident. On the Nigadoo, ho;ever neaTlhJu., contact with the Silurian rocks, indications of galena weJe noC 1^ ^^-Uferoua, at the Porks of this stream, about eight miles ^7 i 1' '^ K'^' ^^-- deposit of considerable . nont occui-s, which bids fair to be of some importance. Since our visit to this place in 18V9, minW oZ ions have been commenced, the samples of the ore' outZlZ, dlt^leT ^*^' '^' ''' ^^^^"^ ^' ''^ -^" ^- -t yet been full^ Molybdenite has been known to exist in small quantity in the quartz v would show that The fol't^oTrdev , 'L''"°' ^^^' '^"^ '^ vex-ythin. The judicious expend^ t^^^^^^^ province, is P-e the point, Ld deter3;t r^ttct:! lit '^"^''^ ^^"'^ productive measures of Nova Scotia tM^r *^\^^*^ "^^s approach the may not occur. The melmes lil' ^" ^"f '""^"^ P^'^^^^'^ ^^^^'^ superficial examinatiordo no yield mn'f- ". '"''"^"*^' «"^*"^« that ^n«^.^..and...Mn;ir.o^^^^^^^^ ^'^^ Po-t. places throughout the CarboniCus az ea Th! f''' ''' ''""' '' ^""^"« quarried at Clifton, about sixteen t^u. ^^''"^'" ^''^^^'^t^^^i^ely whencetheyareexportdrgrt^ UnitedStatos.GrindlnequaSaLlsowofl.L^''''"''' ""^ *" *^« the North-West Miramichi a well 1 H'^''^'^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^'^ BuUding atone has been quL^ed t Tocai J ' ''"'^ ^' ''•^"^^«"- •iuainea loi local purposes m the vicinity of South-wett Miramichi. Probable ex- Qrindstones. It cannot be »y liraitod. ordering on tho fi the northern lear tho mouth age. ThiH has id, Gesner and d has sprung 11 for grinding J Tobiquo. the great ex- inswiek. At V inches only this place. It >tal thickness this is black t exceed six ported from > lateness of ners of the ed of its ex- ood quality, would be of be an easy such as to currence. iVest Mira- )8 have not we, on the ■ke, and if province, is lars would proach the able seams iitude that his point, at various ctonsively -Bathurst, nd to the Jalitieson owcastle. icinity of NOBTHBKN NEW BRUNSWICK. 4tv Tracadie, m the eastern part of Gloucester county, and the fine Eoman Catholic churches of Caraquot and Tracadic, as well as several other fine buildings, were constructed from stone obtained in their vicinity. Many of tho beds are quite free from pyrites, and are equal in quality to the hno stone obtained in the south-eiujtern part of tho province Limestone occurs throughout the greater part of the Silurian sys- Limestone. tern It IS espocially abundant in the vicinity of Elm Tree River and JJelledune, and is quaiTicd to some extent for burning. The local de- mand, however, is not great, and the distance from a profitable market such as to interfere with its regular production. Tho marble in tho vicinity of Petite Eocho and Elm Ti-ee would bo a valuable stone were It not so shattered, probably by the intrusion of the trap dykes of this locality. It is. however, frequently burned for lime. The alteration of the limestone to marble is only locoJ, and the deposits are not likely to prove of value, save for calcination. The ordinary limestone of this vicinity was extensively quarried, and used in tho building of tho bridges along the line of tho Intercolonial railway Graniies -The rock in the vicinity of Bathurst is of equally good Granites quality, with much of that in the southern portion of tho province as a building stone, and has been largely employed in the construction of many of the immense bridges along the line of tho Intercolonial rail- way. Several quarries have been opered in the vicinity of the Nipisi- guit River, but except for u.o on the railroad, no attempt has been made to work them. The expense of shipment is against its successful working as compared with the quarries on the St. John River and in Charlotte county. A limited out-crop of this rock occurs on tlie Benjamin River about four miles from its mouth, and has been locally used for mill-stones. &lates.-Somo of the bands of slate along the lower part of tho T("lcsi.t„ a Gauche River seem to be fairly adapted for the manufacture of roof- ing slates, but the expense of opening quarries would be great, and the demand so limited that their economic value may be considered as small. £eat.— Tho extensive beds of peat in the vicinity of Point p^t Escuminac ai-e often of good quality, and when properly prepared this ' material burns well. The proximity of tho Pictou coal fields, aud tho cheapness of coal, is at present such as not to warrant the expen- diture of capital in the preparation and manufacturo of peat fuel though for local purposes it might possibly be advantageously employed!