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AlSTlN, IN TllK OlTKT, Ol- TllK MlNISTKR Ol AORKI I.Tl Ri;, u ^'■•t * m I m ^ j •« w [O kind of liu;ratur(; is more inspiring .1^ I than biogr.ipliy. No one re.ids tiie records of noble lives without a per- ceptible impulse towards better and ^ nobler living. Whatsoever things are true, just, honest, lovely and of good report in human character, are divinely commended to us and to be studied for the very reason that they may inspire us to like virtue. When we behold as in a glass the glory of the true, the beautiful and good in human character we are insensibly changed into the same image. He who makes widely known to his fellow- men the good deeds of good men is a real benefactor of his race. Especially is the biog- raphy of reformers of interest and value if it presents its subjects pictorially and in such a way as to arrest thought and intensify impres- sion. And ne.xt U) the impression made by the ringing voice and the Hashing eye of the orator is that produced by the "speaking" por- trait which accompanies a biography and throws something of the glory and -•^" charm of personality over the page. , A IV. I' R E V A C I- One object of this book is to introduce representative men ami womcMi of the different temperanc(.' organizations to each other. Better acciuaintanci; of th(! leading workers of all parts of the great Republic and Canada with each other will surely increase confidence, enlarge hope, and inspire greater faith in the speedy triumph of our principles. Another aim of this work is to ins|)ire the rank and file of the Temperance Army with the same lofty enthusiasm, courage and burning love of humankind which have constrained the men and women whose faces appear on these pages. Brief as these plain records are they will "speak between the lines" of much that is nobly heroic and Christ-like in human character. They will, to all who read them aright, be eloquent with the story of strife and suffering, of sacrifices and success, of labors abundant and not in vain, in the Lord. For the form of the material the editor and his associates alone are responsible, the facts and photographs being furnished upon request (in many cases reluctantly,) by the subjects of the sketches. There is no order of merit or honor in arrangement, and no attempt to (latter vanity or e.xaggerate the record. ^ Of the limitations and imperfections of the work no one can be as sensible as the editor. Of the difficulties of such a compilation one can have no adequate conception unle.ss, indeed, he has attempted a similar compilation. No e.xemption from errors of judgment or mistakes in the execution of the work is claimed, though much care has been exercised. A few of the leaders are omitted because they have respectfully declined a place in the volume; others, doubtless, have been overlooked by those making up the lists. The list here presented is by no means exhaustive, and should the present volume meet a kind reception it will be followed by a companion volume, " The Temperance Leaders." Attention is called to the Second Part of the present volume, in which are to be found some selected speeches and articles of great importance. It is hoped that temperance workers in every land may here find hints and helps of practical value. B. F. Austin. jm^^yy^^i^li/^ *1 I • t ;T is //w hook I introduce, not the |K'o|)le. It is I a ijlfasaiit office, for in such a case one has a freedom which would be treason upon tiic Y/J^A platform. He may give himself uj) to the * introducer's delight of saying (M1 ijE^J^*_^ ai;d on and on — and on, and he may be X-^'"'"' "ski()ped" without offense, or snubbed f" without ever finding it out. ^ The scheme seems admirable, causes ^ ■<** do crystali/.e about persons, and in these compact sketches there is anchorage and cargo for many a busy mind, and romance too, and poetry — for as one turns these leaves he needs very little imagina-""*^ tion to read, in both the faces and the letter press, true stories of woman's love and sacrifice, and man's struggle and victory, stranger than any fiction, and such " tales of the border " of the world's greatest war, as n Scotch Wizzard ever put pen to. The cusade of the Prohibitionists has no parallel in history; other wars have been against enemies, or, as in 'he ; case of civil wars, againsf friends, who drew off behind a definite proposition and bravely fought until they lost or won. Tills is war upon enemies who will not fight nor even run away, but nestle up so close we cannot strike, who say "we are with you heart and soul — <5«/"— "we will go with you 'co/ien," "we are for you — >^A X ;& VI. INTRODICTION. //" — " W(- are Prohibitionists as tiuiiviihia/s, but officia/ly, something less, or somethinjf mor(\ or something iiiclefinitc. We have to strik<; at combinations and jjarties in which good and bad arc blendt'd, so we cannot attack the one without s(;eming to do violence to the other. We have to argue against silence, criticise prayers, restrain our hand b(;cause we cannot distinguish sycophancy from ignorance;. The fortifications of the saloon are the pillars of the Church. The citadel of saloon politics is "s|)iritual wickedness in high places." We have to face the double treason (jf citizens who defy the Church and the Constitution, and take up arms against them — for money, and other citizens who do surely love both, but who in the vestments of the one, and under the flag of the other, furnish aid and comfort to their deadliest enemy — for money. No wonder .some of us have grown uncharitable ! No wonder some have gone back ! No wonder some, confused by the bitterness of defeat at the hands of the Church members, have cried out against the Church ! No wonder we have said hard words ! No such war was ever waged. No such bravery ever met such meanness. And, notwithstanding 1 myself am in some humble sense one of their numbers, I make bold to say that the cause of Prohibition has raised up a new and better breed of men and women in America ; and in the statesmanship of the future, the strain will tell for God and home and country, in patriotic fiber such as modern politicians never dreamed of. For one thing, in that statesmanship there will be the voice and hand and heart of woman as well as man, in due admixture, that is equally, enthusiasm for cleanness, passion for sacrifice, necessity to love, insensibility to fear. One sees, at a glance into these faces, why the cause they represent is called a "movement." These are |)reachers "sent." Not one of them a "professional." Not one a "place hunter.'' Not one but got a heart ache with his orders Not one but knows he should have hatred for his wages. Men and women in equal honest fellowship, they have built thus far the great reform with never a breath of scandal, their enemies themselves being INTRODUCTION. VII. judges. Di) you fear the effect of equal suffrage .'' Look at the Prohibition leaders in Canada and the States ! They have been in "practical politics" for a quarter of a century, and have not yet discovered a crooked man or an uninodest woman. Our travelling men are lovers of their own homes, and motherhood is honored by our talking women. In the soil of this m<'vement bossism, partyism, sectionalism, raceism, sectism cannot grow for, in the words of Frances Willard, " wc wage our peaceful war for God and home and every land." John G. Wooli.kv. . -^■v^ fe tK^ ''m^- PART tl ll u VI 111 r Sl; ho. for \;i ll.'l: tlu of ot lilt PRO H I in r I ON LKADERS. SAMl'KL l>i:XTKK HASTIN'tlS was hon\ o( KiikIisIi- Siolili paiviUaj;!' in Li'iio.stiM-, Massaihusotis, July 17, i«i(>. Hf has Ihh'ii a ivsi- ili''pt of Wisronsiii siiuf 184(1, atui has hi'ltl vari.nis piililir pi>si I i .>ii s in t ha t St.iU'. hi'ini;^ I uiri- a nu'tnUiT ot thi' St.ilr l.(.');islaliiri\ fi^h I M'ais Stall* Tii'as- uttT, aiut thrfi' \ I'ais Si'ii'i'tarv i»l ihi' Si ilr Ho;.i\l oi ^.liaiit u"^ ami \\c- ti>nii. Ill' was oiii' o( llu' i)ri>;'ina) Alnt- i i t ioiiist s, having hiu'ii assDvia t I'll with liaitisoi. Phil- lips, W'hitliiT, Tap- pan, ami otluT oail\ pitMU'i'is. Ill' has I'fi'n inll'r^■^ li'il in I 111' t I'Mipi'ranri' rausi' (ri)in his lun - hiHul, ami has hiH'ii itinrii'ilfil will) al- most all Ihr Ii'ailin^ li'mpiTaiii'i* iMj^an- i/attoiis. Ho was li. W. I*, of" ihi'^Sons of TtMDpt'iaiK'c in Wisionsin (or sovi'ial Vfais, was al tlu* lu-ad of tho OrtliT of (.ioml Ti-inplars foi- liu' world for six yrars, has Iit'i-n a \'iri'-l*ri'siili'nt o\' llu* National ti'nipiM'ani'i' SoriiMN ami Piihliration I lousi- fri>m its i>rj^ani/alioii to till' prrsiMU tiini'; has lu'iMi a nu-inlu'r of (hr l^xt'i'iitivr C'onnnit- U'o anil TivasuriT o( tlu' National l'i\>hihition I'aity fi>r thir'n'n yt-ars, and was llu- party nomim'i' for nuMnhrr ot Con^ii'ss .-nui Wtv Ciovi'rnor ot' llu- Slati*. Mo is a nuMiihor o\' a C'onuro;;'ational iliinvh, and for aho\it fifloon yoars was Snporinlomlont o\' ono oi tho lai^ost Sunday sihools in (ho Stato. In tho itUorosls oi' tlio Toniporanro oaiiso ho lias spokon in noarly ovory Stato in tho I'nion, in droat Britain and in Australia, Now Zoaland and Tasmania. MISS I.ODIK KI.IZAHKTII UKKD, A. M., was horn May J J, l^■.47, in I'lhana, i.)hio, fioin whiili plaoo hor paionts inovod __^___ wlion sho was livo \oars i»ld to Monti- oollo, Indiana, llor falhor was jtiil^o AllVod I'inoh Rood, hor niollfoi, Louisa Jano Downs, a ili - soomlont oi ^uakt r marly rs to oarly porsiHUtions in this country. Sho, hor- solf, is a Mothoilisl. An ainbilious sti - ilont, sho aripiiroil a olassioal oiluoali< n in tho \uy;U soluu 1 i>f lu'r hiuno towr, tho Mothoilisl C'o.- loi;o at South Mom!, ami tho nialo ai d fornalo lolloj^^i* .'.t \'atparaiso,lndian<'i, whoro sho ifratluai- tM\ with liiiihosl hoi - ors in 18(17. ''*^'" **'" voars sho was a ioaohor at Monll- ooIU> and Aiiioa, ho- inj^ Prim'ipal o\ tin' lli^h Sohool in tho lattor plaoo. Roinj^ in I'rhana, Ohio, at llu tinio of tho Crusailo, sho loioivoil throuj^h it hor oali to loinpoi- an 00 roforni work. In iSSi sho hooamo Cor. Soo. 01 '-l>.' -'ulia a \V. C r. I',, whirh otlioo sho lillod for thirloon yoars, Sho was also for ;■ II yoars SuporiiitiMulont i>f tho Soionlitio Tompor- aiioi' Instruotion nopailnu'iit, ami loil tho I'amjiaii^n whirh soi'uroil that law in Imliana. h'or throo vi'ars sho ha^ hi'on Pross Supor- intonilonl o\' tho National W. C. T. I', and oilitor oi' tho " National W. L". T. L*. Huliotin." Sho was ono of tho foinulors of "Tho *.>i^anizor, " tho Stato \V. C T. L'. papor oi' Indiana, oditinj;- it for rnoro than u yoars. In tlu'so papors sho has alily ami suooossfully advooalod Prohibition, winnini;' favor and a.dlu rovis to tho o.'uiso. MRS. HKI.KN M. TiiU'CiAK, A. M., was horn in I.itih- fiold, Mioh., July iSth, 1843. SIio altondod tho troo sihools until twoh o yoars oi' ai;i', whon sho ontoroil Ilillsilalo ColK'Ko, ot whtoli institution sho is a jifrailualo. Sho is a nionihor oi I ho Hoaril o\' Ti us- toos, lioim^' iho first woman olooloil to this position, also PrositlonI o\' tho Uoanl of Lailv Coni- niissionors oi' this C'ollo^o. Sho is a momt-cr oi tho Mar ot" Imli.'ina, lii'i'usoil to praotioo in all o\' tho Courts of tho Slalo. Sho has won brilliant onooniiunis from loi^al niimh. for tho inannor in whirh slu' armioil I lio C'on'tilutional riyfhts oi tho womon oi' luiliana to voto in hor oolobratod '* Tost \'oto Ca- . ■' in tho Courts oi' Iior Stato. Slio" has a dislimiivoly lo^al mind. Mrs. (.iou^ar has boon Prosidont oi' tho Woiiian SunVaL,ri» Assiuiation oi' Indiana tor niany yoars, and sho is tho tirsl woman inoinbor oi' n National Kxoouttvo Loininittoo oi a politioal part\, holthn^ tins position in tho Proliihition Party of tho I'liitod Stalos. Sho has boon a foivihio spoakor and writor for tho supprossion of tho liipior trartio for many yoars. Sho dolivorod ono addross upon this snbjoot in roply to a ministorial robuko for somo oi' hor utloiamos, whiih Noal Pow oharaotori/otl as ;i ** olassio in toinpoianoo liloraturo," aiul it hail tho phonoinonal oiroulation of over two hundrod thousand oopios in six weeks after it was uttered. .* 1 - m JOSKl'll Mii.IvOn, n. n., a ivinVMMilaliv.- I'mhilillionisl of iiiacla, was Inini al St. Jolin, N. H., Juno 271I1, 1S45. Kelu- i-ali'il al \\w l^aplisl SiMiiinaf\', l'"i'i'tU'rif- U>n, lu' U>i>k his tii'- ^ri'i' rri>m Afatlia L'liiviM'sily. ami 011- U'lvd tho iiiinisliv of llio Kioo HapliA Chiiroh. Ho was pastor of tho l'"i> o HaptisI I'hiirili, l'"roiloi'ii-loii, fi'tiiu July, 1S6K, lo July, iS<)o, whon ho 10- sij^noil tti >^ivo liis utulividod tiiiio lo llio " I\i*Iii4"ious In- U'nij;-onoi'f,"lho oih- U>rial work of whii-li ho hail assuinoil in ISO;. Dr. Mol.ooil was n)ari-ii>Ll on IVo. -'JikI, iS(),S, to Jano I'". Si]uiros, ami has a fainiU' i»f lwt» sons anil tliroi' ilauji-hlors. 1 U' was I'haplain of I hi' Now Hinniswiok I.t'^isla- liiro from 1876 to iSi)4. Ilo is an IiulopontlonI in polilios, a most pronoinuoil I'ro- hihiliontst, ami an iiuli*t"alij;:aMi' li'inporanoo ailvooato in tho pulpit, Iho pross, ami on Iho platform. Ilo is I'rosiilont of tho Now Urunswiik I'rohihilory .Mli.inoo, ami \'ii o-l'rosiilont of Iho noininioii .Mli.inoo. In M.iioh, iKi)j, ho was appointod hy Iho noininion liovormnonl ,1 inombor of Iho Royal Commission on Iho Liipioi I'l'atlio, whioh Commission h.is now oomplotod its l.iliors. Ho was ofl'oioil tho nom>n;itions as i.tmlidato for P:u'li;i- monl in two oounlios (Kin^s ami \'oik), holh of whioh ho de- olinoil, profoi rin^' lo oomplolo his work .is oonnnissionor. Ilr. Mol.ooil holiovos with .all his hoait In Prohibition, and fully oxpoots to soo its tiiial triunipl). P R O H i i! i r ION LEA I) K R S . WU.I.IAM JAV C.KOd, .x-JikIki Tiiiiily UniKlinj;, New ^'o^k, w.is honi in .iiu) C"i>ftisi'K»i--al-La\v, till' lowii of Ni'vi'isiiik, \. \., Scpl. <)tli, iSji. His pari'uts w^'i'i' aniiiii)^ till' tiist s .iiliTs 111' llial tinvn. His ^raiul- lalluT, Saml. CliMo, was a I\i'\olutiiiii- • II'V stlillii'l-. \\v foinpli'ti'il his stml- ii's al Mi>|-iliia'IIn \iaili>nu', aiul in iS^j lu' foninu'iu't'ii llii- sillily of law Willi tiiMi. A. C". \i\'i'ns, ihiMi a loail- iny: lawyiT, ami was .iilniilti'il III (111- liar 111 i^>55. W'liili' a 1.1 \\ sluili'iil 111' was appoiiiti'il Pi'puty C\miiiI\- Cli'i'k, anil a t"t IT war lis siii-- i-i'i'ili'il to llial o Hi I" t' . Ill' w a s I'U'ili'il Hislriil Al- tiiriii'\- ill 1S57, ami si'i'M'il thri'i' yi'ars. In iS()i 111- was aji- piiintril by Ciov- t'rniir MoiX'in t^ni' nf tlii' tliri'i' i-oniiiiissioni'rs iit' piililir ai'i'mmls tor till' Stall', anil ri'si_i;iii'il afli'r si-rviii^" two yi'ars. Hi' was a lU'li'tfali- to till' .N'.ilion.il Ki'piililii'.iii loiivi'iition in 18(14, '"iil voti'il lor till' ri'-nomin.'uioii lit" .Mirali.aiii Liiii'oln. In i.Sdd lii' inovi'il to MiiUlli'lown, C')raiit,'i' County, ;iml was I'li'iti'il in iHdS Spoiial County Juil>;:i'. In 1H73 Judiji' I'lioo Ih'i-.uiu' a nii'iiilii'r of llii' IVoliibition I'.irty, .mil w.is llu' party's I'aniliil.iti' for Stall' tiov- ornor in 187(1, ami for Juilj^f nl' tlu' C'ouii of .Xppoals in iSSd, wlu'ii hi' was till' only I'amliil.iti' on tho tiiki't, ami ri'ii'ivi'il ,^6,414 voti's. thi' l.iiffost iniiiihi'r I'Vi'r polli'il up to that linu' by any ramliil.iti' of till' party. Ho was Iwici' ihairinan of thi' I'rohibilion Slati' Convriuion, and w;is chairman of tho Now York iloli'jj.itioii in 18H8. MKS. Kl.l.K.X J. I'lH.NNKV, of Clovolaiul, O., I'.onor.il .Sorrol.iry of llio N'on-I'.irlis.in .Valional W. C T. L'., w.is born ill C'libso'i, I'a., Jan, J7, 1^40, Hor par- onls wi'ri' tiarrol .'iiiil .Xin.'iiul.'i John- ston. Slu' was oilu- o.'iU'il ill Harford .Xi'.idomy.iiid Cllior- lin C'olli'^i', j^r.'idii- alin^ with llii' I'l.'iss of i.Sdj. Slio was ;i to.'ii'hi'r until in.'ir- rii'il, ill 18(1;^. She is ;i moinbor of llio Conv^rojf.it i o n a 1 Cluiri'h. In politirs slio holils lii'i'si'lt' In- ili'pomli'iit, not piii- niiii^ hor I'-'nth to p.'irtios liii, to nu'ii of piiro prin 'ipli's who ri'oojjfiiizi thoiriluty to Clod and to liu- inanily. Slio li;is bi'i'ii ;u'tivi'ly ;imi proi'iiinonth' iili'iiti- fioil with till' toni- poraiu'o work for yi'.'irs, .-iml I'spi'oi- ally with tho N'oii- paiiisan W.C.T.l'., with hoadqii.irlors .il L'lovol.iiid, O. Sho was Pros, of tho .St.ito riiioii and ,ilso Pros, of llio N.ilioii.il I'niiin ; Iho l.atlor position sho lii'lii t\>y ti\'i' \'o.'irs. .Slio is now it - iii'iior;il .Soo. Sho is also Pri'siilont W'oiiion's L'ounoil, and I''irst X'ii'o-Prosiiioiit of ihoC'ivio I'oiloratioii of C'lovol.iml. Sho favors l.oo.il Uption, bo- I'.'iusi' it li'iitls tow.'irils it ami ^ivi's I'lifori-otl Pr-ihibition in a l.'irj.jo torrilory in tlii' iio.'ir fiituri'. Slu' has stronjj vii'ws against ni:ikiii^ Prohibition a p.irty ipiostion, boinjf oonvinood it will iinporil Iho iiiti'rosts oi' Iho ^ri'.'it roforin. " Poopio," sho :ir^iios, " ditfor hoiioslly about .1 niultitudo of iiuostions that soparalo tlioni into politioal parlios, whoii llioy oan soo oyo to oyo tho ol.iiiiis of tho loinpor.'inoo I'.'iuso, and wiiulil supnort il itu a non-p.'irlis;iii b.asis." MRS. EMMA GRAVES OlETRICK, of I.ookport, \. V., Slalo Supoiintondent of Juvonilo Toinplars, and Slalo Woni.in's Christ i;iii 'I'onijii'r- anoo L'liion Su;>i'r- inli'tuloiit of Hopjirl- moiit of .N'.aroolii's, w:is born at I*orts- nioiilh, (.)liio. Hor fat hor, Kilw.iril K. (iiv \os, w;is ;i son ot' Ciil. Cir<'i\'i's, ono of tho foumlors of .Anihorst Colloifo, iM.iss. liorinotbor, Mary S.C.Cn-.ivos.is ;i lino.il dosi'ondani o\' till' iioti'il ili\'ini', jon.'ithan j'Mwarils. Sho has bi'i'ii in Ti'nipi'i'a ni'o ;iiiil Christi.Hii work from oarly j;irlhood. Slio has boon for thirty yt'.'irs a Ctoiiil Toinplar, and isnow tho Stiilo .Supor- intomlonl of Juvon- ilo work in thai Ordor. Sho has boon for oiffhioon yoars a Wliito Rib- lioni'r, ami is"tnow Prosiili'iit of tho l.arj^i' loi'.al \\". C. T. V. ill Lookport, hor lioino, .iiiil .111 ollioor of Iho County I'liion. .Sho is ;i inoinbor of tho First Coii>;ri'>;ation.il Chuivli at Lookporl, and has boon for sixloon yoars in oliaixo of tho Prim.iry Dop.irtniont in its Sunday Soliool. Sho is ;i roaily ana ;ind popul;ir spi'.'iki'r, and for yoars past has ilono niuoh platform work in hor own liu-ali- tios, and in many plaoos Ihrouufhout Iho Slalo. In .Soploinbor, 187,5, sho inarriod Lyman .\. I')iolriok, a rosiiloni of I.ookport, and tlioy li.ivo boon well unilod both in thoir homo, obuiob .ind toinporanoo work. Mr. Diolriok is Cliiof Tomplar of .Niajj.ir.i Co. I. O. C.. T. Thoy have a son in Oborlin Collojfo, Ohio, who intonds studyiiiK for the ministry, H?r uiiUiess is nb West Avenue, Lockport, N. Y, ANTHONY COMSTOCK, tho v.orld-wido known Soorot.iry o\' till' .Now Wirk Siii'ioty for Iho Supprossion of \'ii-o, w;is born on ;i farm in .Ni'w C'lna.'in, Comioi'ti- out, .M.'iroh, 1844. \{c bad 0110 vo.'ir's si'hooling' .11 Ni'w Brit.'iin, .'if'li'r whii-li ho li:iil to oarii his own livinij. His lirst oniploymont w.'is in ;i I'ountry sloro. His brothor, .Samuel, was killoil in tho balllo of Ciotlysbuix, ,iikI ho vohinli'i'i'i'ii to tako bis pl.ioo, boinj;- llioii II) yo.iis olil. Wo f.iillifully por- forinoil his duty as a siildior until Iho oiiil of Iho w.ir. \lf found omploymont .•ij.;";iiii in .a stori', ;iiiil l.'itor on w.as appointi'il ;in Out- door Siiporiiilon- donl to Lookout Moiiiil.'iin Eduoii- tional Iiistitulo at Chaltanoojja, Tonn. His jfioat work has boon in oonnootioii with till' .Sooioly for Iho Supprossion of \'ioo in .Now York. .All tho world has hoard of him in Ih.it oapaoily. Ho wont to Now York wlion i_} years old loonier moroanlilo business, .iml his lio.irt was slirrod ;il the ovidenoos of so many younx; men boiii^f riiiiiod booaiiso of ob- si'ono literal lire .•mil i>ther aids to vioi'. lit* soon booamo tho rij^hl arm of Ibis important Sooioly, .iiid has well in.'iinl.iinod that posi- tion I'vor sini'o. Hi' h.-is boon instriimi'iital in bre.'ikin^ up ,'i lar^^o mnnber of oslablishinonts for obsoono piiblioalioiis of various kinds. Ho has boon inslruinental in soourin^f iniport.inl ,'inienilments to the Laws re^.'irdin^' publishinj^ ami in.ailin^ sui*h works, and also in rejfard to the suppression of gambling and drunkenness. PROHIBITION LEADERS. RKV. JAMKS HR.Wn. D. IX, I'.iMor ..I I'iisl LoiiKivKii- timnl (.'iiuivli, I'Hifilin, t^., is ,i iiiilivf iif L.inada. He was born al Tliiri' Rivi'is, (Jiifln-i-, l'\-l>. -•()lli, 1S34. Ill 1K5S lu- ht'i'aiiu' a C'hi'istian. Ill- fitU-il for Col- K'^i- al I'llillips Ai"uliMuy, .\iHli>\t'r, Mass., aiul t'liU'rtnl N'.ili' I'liiviMsilv ill 1K61. Tlu- folUnv- iii^ \'i'ar lit' iMilisU'tl ill t)u' I'liion Army, aiul |).'ii'tirip.'tlf(l ill llif lialllfs of I'lfil- fi'irkslnir.yll, C'!i;iii- fi'ilorvilU' .'I n ti tu'ltxslnirii'Ii. 1 1 I' w;is woiiiult'cl ill llu' tirsi iiatiu'il j,^iv.il hatlli-. Ill' ii-luriu'il .'iiiil roiiipli'ti'il his I'oursi' .'It N'.'ili' in i.S() Cli.arli's Ci. I''iiiiit'v, in tilt' p.'istor.'itf' of CoUt'^i' t'luirt'h ( l'"irst L'onyrt'y;;ilion;il), wlii'ri' hi' slill rt'iiiains. In 1SS4 lit" ri'fi'ivi'ii thi''tli'^rt't' t^f 0.0. from lona C'oUoj^i'. Or. Hraiul is wt'll-kiuiwn as a writt'r ami It'ftiiriT, as wt'll as ,'i prt'aclifr. lit' li.as writlt'ii l.'ir^i'h' for llu' prt'ss, t'spi't'i- ally on " Tlif Saloon (Jiit'st ion." In his pulpit, in llif niiilst of 1,500 stmli'iits, lit' li.'ts fiinslaiith' raist'tl his voii'f .'lyainsl ilif It' .falizt'tl think tr.'illif. I lis motto h.-is hft'ii : " Tlit' S.-ilanit- L'on- spiL.t'y iiiiisl I'itlit'r hi' fiiislu'tl, or it will t'rusli tlio .X.'ititiii." In politics lit' w.as a siippt>rtt'r of llit' l\t'piihlif,-iii I*;trt\" lill .'ibtiiit t'iylit yt'ars aj;:ti, wlit'ii ho lost faith in tlit' party t'vt'r titiiiii;" hont'sl work for tt'iiipt'tvMitt'. Hi* tlit'ti joiiu'tl tilt' Proliihition l';irty. KUANCKS IIAZKI.r(.).\ KNSUi.V was horn in Mailison, Ohit>. IIlt fullicr, lirviiii' I''. Kiisij;ii, and lii'r mollu'r, Kliz.i- lit'th ll.izi'llon, wfiv of Now Kn^tlaiitl am'fslry, .iiitl liavt' evt'r bi'i'ii tli'i'ply iii- tiM't'slt'tl in till' yrt'.'it mor.'il mo\'t'nit'iil s of tilt' linit's. Tilt' tl,in>;litt'r is .1 iiii'iii- bt'r of tilt' Coiinfif- ^;at itinal C'hurt'li ; w;is yr.'iilualftl from C>bt'rliii (."ollt'^f ill 1HS4: t.'iuj;llt for a linii' ill till' piiblif stiiools, ,11111 thon t'lili'ivil llif leni- pfraiitf work as St.ilf .Sfifitai y of llif Ohio ^'o^lll^; Wonit'ii's Christian 'rt'nipt'raiift' I'liion, wliifli position sill' slill rt'l.'iins, .'iiitl h;is bi't'ii most sut'ft'ss- fiil in iMilistin^ tilt' \tniiij; pt'oplf of ht'r St.'itt' ill this iiiovt*- iiifnt. In the yt'.ir iHt)^ slit' was ap- pointt'tl "National Oixjinizor and l.t'itiirer for tlif VounffJWo- m.in's Hr.iiuh, .iiid h.is Inivfllt'd i-xtt'iisivfly in many Statfs, or^.iiiiziiig and li'tlininj^^. .Mrs. Hfiirit'tt.i I-. .Monroi', St.ilt' I'ri'sidfiil of till- Ohio Wonifn's Christian Tt'iiipi-r.intt' L'liion, s.iys of lit-r : "Miss Kiisigii, lovfly in person, difjiiififd of m.'inni'r, of i-ointt'oiis \fr.itioiis, winning spoftli, possi'ssinjf .1 ritli, swt't't voii-o, ma. 's lit'r w.iy into thf lu'.uts of ht'r lie.ir- fis, .intl li.is till- r.iif gift of t'liilnisiiig .iiid fiilislin^f tlifiii in llif f.insf." .\iiotlifr frifiul says; " .\liss Knsijfii is a log-ifal and foifihlo spf.ikf r, and lifr addrossfs ;irf bfanlifiil and ftTff- tivf prfsfiit.itioiis of tilt 'tl ;iiid impoitaiiff of to iiipo ranee firorl." hifb his His iif 111 niry tlifr, illfd of tl hf t.iUe MKS. MAKV ■.. IHTClK OCK WAKKI.IN, thf wvll-known oijjanizer, leeturer ami wtirkf r, was born in JflVerson Co., \. V., ■April 2K1I1, i8,54, '• ami iiiovetl with her parents lo Ciieen C'oiiiity, Wis., at (lie ajje of 1 1 years. In 1S5J she was marrietl to Ui'V. .\lfred llitfhfoek, a Baptist minister, ami emigrated to K.iiisas in iSst). In 1.S7J she m.nt'tl to l'"reemtint. Neb., her luisb.'iml having been ealleil to the paslor.ilf .if ; lie Baptist Chureli llit'rf. W'lifn *'Tiif Crns.'itte " I'anie tin she w.'is llie lirst lo f.ill thf women to- gether ami org.-in- ize for work, ami has s i n e e d ti 11 e nuieh ill the pro- motion of llie W.C. T. I'. She took a prominent p.irt in organizing t h f Slatf W.C.T.l". Hfr hnsb.iiiirs hi'iillh having failftl slif weni wilti him to California, whe iv hf ..lied in 187S. .She reliirned to N'ebrask.i and took an aetivf p.iii in W.C. T.l'. ami fluiieh work. .After lilling other import.iiil positions in the W. C'. T. I', work she w.is ealleil to the I'residfiiey in 1K8H, .ind oefiipifd tli.il position for six yoars. Oiiriiig that liiiif was the great rrohibitioii e .impaign in K,ins;is,.iiid she greatly assisted, aildressiiig piiblif iiieetings, arranging routes for speakers, and helping diieet the work al large. When thai eaiii- paign was elosed lliere were no oiitst.imling debts to weigh down the W.C.T.l'., but .i balaiue w.is in the Stale Ireasury. She has well earned the reputation of .1 ele.ir and logie.il speaki!'r. .She was iimrrieU to Mr, Wilson Wakelin in April, 1894. KKV. O.WIO WRIC.HT AYI.SWORTH, now of New Jersey, is a native of Canada, having been born near Odessa, Lennox Co., Janu- ary 261b, 1830. He belongs to a noted Melhotlisl ami leni- per.inee family. His gr.'indfatber, Howen .Avisworth, W.'IS one of llie sturtly pio- neer fanners of Ihe old Midland Ois- triet, I'pper Can- ,id.i. Robert Ayls- worlli, lather of this presenl sketeh, was .111 .able Methodist lof.'il pre.'ieher .'iiul a powerful leiiiper- .'iiiff spf.'ikfr. He re.iretl a l.irge faiii- il)', all of whom are aelive teiiiperanee workers. Oavid reeeiveil a liberal eiluealioii in llie sfhools near by ami (in.'dlv gnulu- aletl al Buffalo in Ihe Ciood Templar's eoiirse of Temper- ante study. He began wtirk as a niinister in the Method- ist Kpiseop.'il C'burt'h, and was very sueeessful in that wt>rk for fight yfars. \ic tlifii movfd lo New A'ork Stale, where he served sueeessfully .is* pastor in some imporlanl flu rehes. He bail always an alVmity for platform work, being an .ifle ;iiid eonvineing speaker. lie was induced by Ihe Ciranu Of- Hffis of llif Ciood TfUiplars to dfvote himself tt> the interests of tlifir work, and is now doing so with excellent succes.s, both on thf platform and in the pulpit. The Aylswortli family are noted througliout Ontario as lein- peraiiee workers. PROHIBITION L K A I ) K R S. KKV. \V. II. Cl.AKK. M. K. T.. luami Cltift Trmplai- oi Wis., was born in Sussi'x L\)., N. J., I'Vb. 141!), 1^47. Hi^' p;iifnls wtMv Kcv. L'onu'liiis and Kliza Clark, his t'atluT oiu' o\' tlu' I'arly lonipi'iami* aiL^nlatois. Hi" was I'llvii aliul in I Iir loininun si"lio».>Is and in llu- Nowtim Colli*j4^iati' InstiUitr. lit' ji>inoil liu- 1. O. G, T. at Pitml KiUly, ^'.^■.. in iS(>7 ; IV- inovin^ tt^ l\'nns\ I- vania in iJ^7.t br- t.anu' priiniin»'nl thi'H' in tlu- work o\' till' C>iiUr. ami a ini'Mibi-r ol" I lu' ilranw koilm*. Was I'iofli'iiClraniK'oun- si'Ioi in iSS t ami rt'-t'U't'li'il in 1SS7. and spt-nt si'vi'ial yi'ars in .iii'i't*ssf\il ii'itiuv work. Tht' Ctr.ind l-odj;-!' oi' Wis. in 1SS7, on tlu' ri'ionnm-ndalion of }o\\n n. I'ini-Ii, I'nj^ajj^i'd Hro. Clark to iMilor" its jnrisdirtion as Li'ituri-r ami <.")rj^ani/A'r. lit'wasa sm-i'i'ss IfVorn tlif start. In iS()j Ik* was oliHti'tl ti. C T. oC Wis., wbiili position 111' still holds. Ilrhi'i-anu' a inonibi'r of tlu* Inlt'rnational Suprt'nu* l.odj^^i' in iSSt); a ropro- si'ntativi' in iSt)^^, ami a j-raihiati' in thi* rlass of '<)4 of tlu-'L'oursf of Study. Hi- was niarrioil in 1S75 to Klla I. Tiro, of Phillipsport , N.V. Thrt'f childrt'ii liavf bli-sl this union, two of whom art' liv- ing, Harry, at^^t'd iS, and Lotta, aL,^i'd ib. \\c has .1 di'lii4:htful Christian honu'. Is a niinistiM- of tho M. K. (.'liunh, a stronic Pro- hibitionist, a Third IVj^ri'O Mason, a Kov.il Ti'inplar of Trnipiary. H. F. Parki-r, K. W. iV. S., says o\' him : ' '* TluMi' is no Ivtli-r all- round lofturor and orj^ani/i'r in thi* world." MISS AMANMA WAN. I*, i".. Jul\ loth, iSjS, in Wimhi-sli'r, Ind. L'. r., ot Kansas, was Inirn Was I'lhualtHJ in tlu* i-oni- nioii sihools and Uanilolph Si'n.in- ary. Slu* joint'd tho M. K. C'hmih at 14 and w.is liii'iist'tl to prrai'h in 1S71 , hut till' iiiMU'ial Con- ft'riMU't' tloi'iilin^ aj^ainst tho admis- sii>n *>f wonu'ii, shi* joint'd I hi- Frii'iids, arul has simr ln'i'ti a ri'i^-ular nnnisti-r with (hom. I\>liti- fally, sho was lii'sl in till- I.iluMiy I'arly, th.'n a Ki'publiran, ami h IS sim'i' bi-cn tmi- oi tho founders and pron t-nl snp- porlt-rs 01 lilt' Pro- hiiiition Party. Sho t'xpi't'ls ti> livi- to livi- lo siH' a i'rohi- h i t ii>n I'ri'sidt'ii t I'li'i'li'il. SIk' wa:' a rufudu'r o\' an anti- sla vt-ry sot'ift y , ilt'rk ot lilt' "undt'r- i^Tound railway at Wimhrslt'r. Shf ori;anizi'tl ihi- tiist W'i>n)an's Sulfrai^o Assorialion in Imliana. Is a ini'ndirr t»f llu' C«ra?ul Divi- sion Sons of IVnipi'rami', of tlu' Smial rt'mpk' Ladrls of 'IViiipor- ani'i', Ki-rhahiti's, Kn!i4"ht Ti'mplars, a Crusadi-r, ami nuMnbiM- o\' Ihf W. C. r. V. lias It'iluri'il from tlu' .\tlantii- to the Paiilii' in inti'rt'sts o\' I.O.li.T. lias bi'i-n Prt'siiU'nt o\' Imliana .Stali'Snllrajii' Soiii'tv; Ci. L'hap. C'adi'ts nf 'I'l-mpt'ranii'; hirst Pri'sitlrnl Kansas W.C.t.r.; K.W.C'i.V.T. 5 ti-rms ; R.W.f..T. ami Cl.C.T. 7 ti'nns ; (.1. L'onn. J ti'rnis; C'l.Wr. (i li'rnis, and in .all sulionlinatt' otVk't's. Ili'lpi'd tosi'i'uro Prohibition in Indiana in 1^*54 ; has I'lliti'il several Prohibition papers, and for 40 vears has j^^iven her best enerj^ies ti> the wt>rk, Kansas beii\< the ^reat vietory of her life. MRS. OWK\ MITCHCOX, C'.ospel was born in Paris, Ont., July ujlh, 1S55. tempera me leeturer. Her father, William Evans, was an Kn>;- lishtnan, and her mother, Marj^arel MeCiilloiit;li, a na- tive o\' Belfast, Ire- land, ami from tlie tatter it is saiti Mrs. Hileheox derives her j^raee, pathos ami wit. She was I'llmateil at Paiis ni_i,^h Selieol, mXeil fi>r Iiavin^;" seiU out a lary;e inmiber i>f publie spi'.akers ami professional men. She siniu'it till' plt'dj^e at 7 years ot ajie in the liaiui o\' Hope, ami il 15 joineil the 1. . ti. T. She was mar- ried at iH to Mr. Owen lliteheox, (he deputy postmaster of Paris, ami when the W. C". T. l\ was organized in Paris joined that orj^ani/alion, beinjjf President for three years. Speaking' ;il many conventions and publie nieelinj^s, her talents were speedilv reeo>;ni/ed. She was ealied to the ptdilie platform in the Pavilion, Tori>nto, umler the Can. Teni. Leaij'ne. So sij^-n.il was her suc- cess there, so lii^h the eulog^ies of the press, that she was soon in demand everywhere as one o\' the foremost lecturers of the day. Blest with jjood health, tine presence and delivery, she has been for five years almost constantly at work, mostly under the W. C T, I'. Over 20,000 have signed the pletljfe in her nu'etin)j;s, and many conversions are reported. She is an Kpiscopalian and an ardent Prohibitionist. Her danj^hler, Irene, graduated at Alma College last June ; is one of the rising vocalists and elocutionists of Canada. THOMAS LAWKKSS, P. C.. Co. of the C^nt. C.rand lAul.i-e, I. O. 11. T., was born at llolton, fjue., Jan. J^rd, 1S44. jlis father, John Law- less, was a native of Tipper.irx , Ire- hmd, and his mt>th- er o{ Cumherlaml, Kn^. The old ioiif >.chool-hi>n e where he was etiucaleil was near a black- smith shoji ami i^en- eral store, both sell- ini^" whiskev. I.eav- iiiL,"- school at I J he titled himself by private study for those positions o\' I rust a t\d hon i> r wliich he has since lilleil. An Anj^lican, tor many ve.irs an active Sunday School worker, he is a Conservative Prohibitionist. H e uniteil with the I.O. Cf. T. in 1S5S, and has since bi-en serv- ing; in everv j^ratle up to the Supreme l.odjji'e. H.is been tir.iml Supenntentlent of Juvenile Templars, Ctrand Secretary ami Coafid C*tMmciK>r. H.is been Secretary ami Treasurer of the Cioi>d Templar Henelil Assmialion since ils foi- mation in 1HS7. I le is a prominein Oiklfellow, ami has helil for ten years tiie )iosition nf Supreme Auilitor of llie I. O. \'\ Was .ni active worker on the pl.itform, and through the press In *' Punkin Act " and " Scott .\ct " campai«:ns. A journalist by profession, he has edited the "Cioml Templar" pnblicati<>ns slnct* 1861, ami now edits the "Cood Templar. " H.is published sever.il editions of *' The Ciood Templai' Hi^'esl " ti>r loilj^fe use, .also numerous tracts, leaflets, etc. His wile, four sons and two daui^hlers, are ardent Pro- hibillonists. Thev reside at Parkdale, a suburb of Toroiiti>, I'ROllimriON LEADKRS. r. WILLIAM WAI.LAfK lUCllANAN, iililor of " Tlu' iipl.M-, w.i^ linni M.iiili i)lli, 1S55, ;iiul w.is i'tliir;il<'il .11 Saniia TIIK KKV. AWA II. SHAW, •aslU'-on-Tyiii', I'Vhriiaiy I4lhi 1H47. M. I).. 11. r 111- bv tor tiul ami Toi OHIO. Haviil Knclianaii, his t'alli- or, ol' Stirling, Si-i>t- lantl, was a si'ii^n of" llii- amiiMil lloiiM' ot' Hm-iiaiian, o\wc llii' wcallliii'sl ol'llio Si-ollisliChii'l's. His rnotluT was a I'. K. l.o\allsl. Fiiim liovlioo.l lip III' has I ilii'ii an ailivi' in- li'irsl ill politirs. Siiuf o.uly yoiilli. l-OlllUTll'll wilh llu" 1. O. C. T. ami llii- Hci.ish ,iiow Koyal) Ti-!nplai>. Ho tiisl lamo into piomiii- oiu'o in thi' Si't>tl Ai'toain|)ainn,inool- inif llio lii|Tiori'liaiii- p i»n,l'"..Kiti;.i' Hoiids, upon iiian\' plai- lo. ms. Ho oslab- lishoii " Tho Toin- p;:ir," as a nionllily toinporaiu'i' shoi't, in 1SS4. Ill' was llio ihiof spiiil in yivinn I'lo Koyal Toniplais an iiul.'poniloni I'xisiiMU-o as a (. anailiaii national soiioly, ami in tlio ilosiiij^' inonlhs of 1KS4 was iiuhiooil lo tako Iho mana^'i-nu'iil of tlu- lliilor. Ho has ii.aili- llio proilnilioii of liloratniv a spoi-ial foatm-o in tlio Koyal 'roinpiar oixaiii/alion, and built up an im- portant I'ublisliinir Honso ami Hook Kooni. In iHc)j ho ostab- lishoil, ill ailililioii lo tlio monthly, a wookly oilition of " Tho Tom- plar,';iml in i.Sii^a tiMiipiMami' niatja/ino Umnvn as " 'I'lu' Ti'itiplar Ouarlorly. " A nioinborof llio C'oii.i,TOKalioiial C'hnroli. M.irriocl to I.. I'^lona Hrolt in 1SS4. I''aiiiily oonsisis of Iwci ilauifhtors. Ho has boon nomiiiatoil in twii riilinits as oamliilalo for tlio noxl I'arliaiiiont on tho Prohibition tioUot. ^[l.^ losiilos in Hamilton, Ontario. TIIK KK\'. HKNKIICTTA C. M1IOKK was born in Nowaik, Ohio, and is of Ih.il womlorfnl loiiipoumi in wliioli Knj;lish, Irish and Sootoli blood .ami br.ain orossinj^f ]>rotlm'os ;iii oipiit- ;i bli' .and just ly poisi'il oll.ar.'u'tor. Slio \v;is odiio.'itotl in tho publio ;iml priv.ito sohools, and l.-iri^oly by prix'.ato study. ,\ lo.iohor ;it 15, .'1 i^'r.anmi.'ir soliotil priiu'ip.al Inlor, tho rail for oxolusivo tlovotitni to UMiipor.'inoo work I'oloasoil luM" a lul t^;i\o one ot tlii' niosl sm'oossfnl loi'- lurors and ori.;".'in- i/or■^. lo iho Tompor- am"o Koforni. Ko- la'nlly slio sl.'iU'd to ;i friond : " nurini;" tho last li'ii \i'ars I li.ivo Iravollod .about 150,000 iiiilos, aiul li.avo lU.aiK* jiboiil ,^,.'Oo .ul- divsses, oountiny ally Irainlnii a Prosbylorian, slio is at pri-s.'iil In .\piil, iS<)5, slio w.is tho lirsl tho lio.ird of l''diio.'ition of lior own Ir.iiylil Prohibition liikot .iml I splendid phir.ilily in ,111 iitly slio li.is boon oloolod tho Trusioos of tho .Amorio.m Tonipor.inoo rnivorsilv, .11 I l.iriiiii.in, 'i'oiinossoo. ,Sho w.is honorod with tho .ippoinliiUMil of lompor.iry oli.'iirnian .it tlio l.ilo l^liio Stato Prohi- bition i'onvonlion, hold ,il Spriiii;liold, jiino iilli .ind i-'lh, and dolivorod tho ko, nolo spoooh, wliiili li.is boon widoly publishotl in w liolo or in p.art. daily talks." Ry .a I'niviM-salist inlnislor. .ami only woni.-iii I'lootoil ti> oily. Slio w.'is nomiii.'itoit on omlorsoil b\ tho Populisis, ;iml won b\ iiilonsol\' Ki'piiblii-.in w.'ird. Moro roi 0110 ol loo.ilod W.IS born in Now- l.imily soltlod in a wiM part oi' Mioh., wliori' tho ^irl ox- porionood .ill tho li.irdsliips of pioiioor lib', l.ivfly, .imbiti- oiis, .'iiid illi'il with insati.abli' thirst tor knowlotl^o.slu'took .■iil\;iiil;i_ni' of ovi'ry opportnnit\' i>l .'u"- tliiii-iiii; lo.'irninj;. A\ liflot'ii wi' timl she boi^an lo;u'liinjjf school, (."onvorli'il to .Mothodisin .at .\\, slu* w,as ii lii'onst d loo.il proai'lior lor oi^lit yo.ars. In i.Sjj sho entorod wHg ^ Albion C\itlo^i', .and WWmMJt in r<'^75 tho 'riii'oloL,- ' j^fl0^ ii-.'il Dop.'irlinoiit oi' mKm^ Moslon I'nivorsily, -'^^ L^r.adu.at iii^ with honors in 1S78. Aflor p.astoratos at llin^b.'im :itul at K.isi Doiiiiis, .M.ass., slio .'ipplioil for or- din.ation to tho W'W JMi^Laiul i\i. ''". (."oiit'oroiu'o, ami w;is rotiisotl. .Miss .Sh.iH tlion .ippliod lo tho MolhodisI I'rolosl.int Churoli, and w.as tirtl.'iiiu'il i>ott>bor I2tli, iSSo. Sho piirsiioil .a ooiirse in .Modicino, takimjf tho doifioo of M.H. from tho Hoston I'nivi'islly. Sot>n 4 'tor sho bot'.amo Lot-luror tor tho M.ass. \\\>ni;in's SufVr.a^o .AssO' .n. Sho is ;. 14, iH.iS, .and o.anio to l>liio with his p.ironts, Joliii .iiid llaiin.ih (Hon- soii) Sharp, in 1S41 . lit' was .a moinbor o\ tho .Soi'iol)' t)f l'"riomls, but iov tho p.isl J5 yo.ars has boon .1 .Molhodist. Ho .'ittoiidod soliool .It Ml. Ilospor .\oa- ilorny, and k'-'^'"- .atoil .al l>borlin in 1.^(14. Ill I !■(>.> ho w.is iii.irriod to Miss Kliz.iboth A. Kolly. 1 lo look for his lifo work till' o;iilin_y of ;i 1 o ,1 o h o r. 11 o oslablisliod till' Ohio Miisinoss Collo^o in 1KI15, .and is still at Iho lio.ul of that inslilution in its ,^otli yo.ir. \\c votod for l.iliooln twioo ;iild (•rant 01100. Wy bo- 0:11110 :iii .aolivo Pn>- hibitionist in 1S70, w,is .1 ilolo^f.ilo lo Iho X.alion.al Prolii- :inios HIaok for Prosi- N'.itlon.il C'oiivontions simo that atoil in i'\'i'ry C')hiii ___ ,. _'our liinos boon pornianont Cli.airm.in of s.iid Sl.ito fonvontioiis; w.is oandidato tor Lioiilon.inl-ilovornor o[' l^hio in 1871), .ami li.as boon noniin- .itod .aj;.iin this yo.ir. Ho has boon a nu'inbor of tho Proliibition Stato l''.xi'oiitivo (.\>iiuiiitloo most o\' tho tinio sinoo tho orj^.ani/.a- lion of llio p.irly. Hi' w.is 0110 of tho foiindors of tho " IX'l.iwaro Si^aial," and for tliroo \o.'irs oiu' ot' its oilitors. Ho is wiilolv known tliioii>{luiiIar "Hl.'uk Kni^lit," ItH'lurtT, orator and ininistrr, was hovw in \Viiuisnr, l)ii- lario. His parents wi'iv slaves at llar- |H'r"s l'\'rr\ , V*a., aiul maili' Ihcir I's- i-apf, aiul satrly laiultHl on Hrilish soil. Tlu' paiviils wtMV poor, aiul llu' I'hildri'ii had a haril slrii^j;;U' tor llu'ir own I'xistt'nri' in tlioir farly days. Ill' ni'VtT had any srluiolin^', Iml ^ootl natural aliilil U's, road\ wit, lluoni'V o( sjH'i'rh, antl a lar^^i' and rorn- maiulin^; physiijut', liavi* si'rvod him in ^ooil stead. In t'arty lit'o lit- worked on t'arins in the west, and when the j^reat eivil war he- ^an he enlisted as a volunteer, anil w.is live times severolv wi>unded. Mis leeture re^^.irdinj^' his "Personal Reminiseeiues i>i' tlu' War" is one ot" tlie nu>sl thrillinj^ anti inlerestinii^ ot" all 'i'"^ pi»jmlar lee- tnres. Hi' then beeaine a railway I'liicini'-ilriver, and t'ollowetl that business tor years. Siuee hi' heeanie an i>rilaineil minister in the AtViean Methodist Kpisi'opal /ion Chureh ; he now holds an appointment from his C'onf'erenee as a Iravellinj^ teinperanee evangelist, and for the past tew vears his services have been in popular demand in various parts of the I'nited States and the nonunion of Canaila. His name and his eountenanee have he- eome tamiliar in all our larj^^t' tmvns and eilies. Me is a pure blooded AfVie.m ; no one who has onee seen him would for one moment doubt that faet. MRS. LL'CV A. KOnniNS MKSSKK SWITZKK. o\' Cheney, VV'ashinjfton Territor\', is one o\' the best known oi the .'letive teniperanei' workers and writ- ers of her Territory. She was born at Lowell, Massaihu- setts, Mareh jSth. 1S44. Mer paretns were of old Puritan sioek, the families having' beeti resi- dents o\' the Stale for over two hun- ilretl yi'ars. Mer parents, with three ehililren, were pii>- neers iti Minnesota in iJ^55. Slu' es- poused the tein- peranee a nd sut- fra^-e movenietits when but i.t years of ii^c, .and beeame identilieil with the Prohibition P.art y in 1^75. In 1S77 she bei'ame ;i mem- ber oi the Women's L'hrislian Teinper- anee I'nion in low.i, and organized the tirst Women's Christian Teniperanee I'nions in Washinji^ton Territory, in 1S80. She was appointed N'ationa! \'iee-President in iSKj, and arranj^^ed the Kast Washint^ton Territorial Convention, in Julv, 1SS3. She was eleeled l*resiilent, and oeeupied that important position for eijjbt years. She aiiled in forininj;^ the Prohibition Party of her County (Spokane) and Territory, and served on the Pl.tlform Connnittee in the County, Territorial, .anil alsi> in the \;itii>n.al Convenlion in Indianapolis in 18H8. She has been also aetive with Ium pen, beinjf an able and experieneed writer. She has been a con- tributor to "The Lever," " Womans Tribime," " P.'ieilie Atlvo- eale," and the " l^nion Signal." Her .idihess is Cheney, W. T. HON. C.IOKDX P. M.ACKLIN, leeturer. preaelier and writer, has been termed by his friends the "(iarhi'ld of Pmbibi- lion. ' He w.is bmn at Waldo, M.irion Co., ()., June jSih, 1850. He was etlu- eated in the district anil eity sehoi^ls of bis State, .ind )4r,id- uat d wit It h\y;\\ ho. ors frem <.")tter- beir C ni versi t \ , Westerville.O. He enti red the ministry i n t he I' n i t e d Hrethren CInireh, .and has ever sinee m.'iintained his eon- neetion. As ;m eihi- eator hisexpi'rienee reaihe. from the baek-woods' si^iool house to the presi- deiu'y o\' two eol- lej^es. He h;is always been .1 tem- pi'r.inee man. He took a prominent in- teri'sl in the Si-eonil Aini'Dilinent ea m- paij^n in Ohio in _ Prohibition Party • stump in its interest and h.'is been aetive in pro- nu)tiiij'- it fViM- sim-e. In iSg^^he w.as selected as the Prohibitionist Party landidale i'ov Cunernor- o{ Ohio, .and made :i vij^orous and brilli.iul eanip.iiyii. The Missii>na nj^ lOliIer of the Ont.irio Conference. Imme- iS>i. He became in iSSS : took tiie active member o( the .. larv Society o\' his church ap- pointed him I*iesidinj^ I-'lder of the Ont.irio Conference. Imme- diately on his .arrival .it Berlin, On\., in Nov. 189^, he took an active hand in the j^re.al Plebiscite campai^-n then on, which resulted in such a sweeping' popul.ir verdict for Prohibition. He is now a resi- lient oi' n.ayton, t>. As ;i lecHner ;inil orator be has few I'lpi.'ils. As a wiiter he is wiilely read .uiil much admired. He has been .1 frei|ucnt condibutor to the press of his party and his church. Ui:V. J. W. C.AKLANOisa respected Church of Kn^Hand minister of ShetVord Co., (Jue., one of the strongest teinpeiance I'ountii's in thi' en- tire Province. He is a native o\' C.tnaila .'inil waseducali'il at the Ottawa Oram- m.'irSi'bool. I Ii'took his coIlc_i;i.ili' coiirsi* at Trinity Coll., To- ronto. He was sent, during" a vacation oi' three months to lu'lp builtl up the Nia- i^.'ir.a C la mmar School, bv Pnnosl Whit taker, and :_;'reatlv .is.sistcil in tloublini;" the num- ber o\' scholars. He- iiiy lami' by ;in acci- dent met with in his chiKIIuuHl, be was disi'i>ur;itj.il b\ Ins !Viends fr- ni enli'r- ini;" Ilu inisti'N'. \ lady ot ..lehester, \. ^^, u'arini;- o( his I'.'isi', pii'senli'tl it to the I^ishop o\' Centr.al New N'ork, who sent for him and indue time ordained him, in tS7i. Soon after he returned to Canada, and w.is oflered the rectory o\' Sl.insteatl, (Jue. He tle- clined the jiosilion and went into a back mission. Here bis work W.IS crowneil with excellent success. He has been at Slukely lor the p.isl J I years. As a chief mover in the Dunkin Act campai,L,^n in ShelTord he rcnilered excellent service. W.is a Uep. lothe Horn. Pri>. Con. in Montieal, there inakint;- the act]u:iint.ance oi' Neal l>ow. He is a member of the Kxi'. of the*Jue. T. A. He has been Ci. P., Sons o\' Tem. for r 15, ami wt'nt tn \\'isi-i>nNin in i^i.SJ. Wlii'iillu' ^ri'al lisil war lii\>kfi>iit lu' i" lisli'il with a Coni- paiiv lit* had raisi*(.l aiul was I'oiniiiis- sioiu'ii ;is 1st l.it'ut. Ill' s;iw a j;iu>eUli'al tit .'U'tiXl' StTvil'f .illor thai li^io. Hi- suri'i'i-ili'd I.iiMil. Waiivii as I'lmosl .Mai'sli.il al Ut'lav llmisf, .\ld. Hi- Weill 10 Ship Isl.iml ami NfW i'>rii'aiis with his iv>;inu-iil, uiultT lil'H. Hullff, ami loniu'tl ihi' lirsl 'in,' of liMiips on Iht' l.i'vi'i', .May I, I 6i, ;iml niai\'lu>(l .ami look possession of Ihi' I'usloni lionst' .'im! i-.'iisi'il llu' Sl.'irs imi Sli-ipes IhiTf. intoxiialinif liqiioi-, nor used lobaiio, .and never swore .1 proiane o.alh. lie has been .1 tVood Teniplar sinee iHs^, and was Ci.C'.T. of Oliio in iHHi)-i)0. lie w.is eandid.ile for .See. of .Slate on the Prohibition tiekel in 1K8S, and ran j6.^ ahead of his party liek.l. MKS. ORl'llA .\I. STlWUr, .1 ie.idiiiK ami well-known Tom|K'raiu-e and e'liristian worker, of .Marshall, .Mieh., w.is born ill Mo'inl .Mf,rris, .\. \., .M.iy lylh, iH.i^. She w.as a simleni oi Ti'inple 1 lill .\i',*i- ileniy, iieneseti, N. \., until the iiKe ef 1(1, when, with Iter l.illier, she moved 10 the lily of Fliiil, .Miili., where she bee a me ;i (lood Tenipl.'tr, ami is lo- ita\' .a worthy ;iiul /e.'ilous me in be r, holding pi'otninei.t positions in the Oi--- I riel .'tnil it I'a lul Lodj;i's, .as well as \'iee-riesident of the Stale Juvenile I'einplary. She has lieen for 37 V'ears .111 .letive member of the Order and foi- I J ye.irs .i meiii- ber of ilie liilerna- lion.il Snpremi." l.od),'e. She was one of the earnest leaders of the '• L'nis.ade," and .111 enthusi.islie \V. C. T. U. worker, readv at ,ill times to advanee 011 the enemy of the home — the liipior Ir.allie. She is a Crusader .ind W. C T. V. worker of twenty-one years' standing, ami Superintendent of several br.inehes of the work. She is also .1 fervent Dauffhter of KelH'kah, h.ivinj; l.iken .ill the honors of the Order, havinff been .1 member for over seventeen years. She is a devoted mendu'r of the Connfrejf.itioii.il L'hiireh of fifty ye.irs stand- iii>{. Hers has been .111 .letive .iiul useful life, and the world has been ni.ide the belter for her preseme in it. She was married .Nov. .V''- i**,S')' •>' '• *- • SUi.irt, of M.irsh.ill, Mieh., where she now lives, .1 widow of two years, with her three sons. .MR.S. .MVRA N. HUBHARD l.KK, of .Mitehell, S. P., Grand Secretary of the 1. O. G. T. of that Stale, was born in the he.'iulifiil Stan- sle.'ul Pl.ain, June ,tli, iS^S, lu'r father beinif Mr. B. K. Hubbard, for many vears one of the best known resi- dents of that local- ity ami the author of a popul.'ir " His- tory of Slanstead. " .She r e c e i v e il a ^ooii clcHssical I'tlu- e.'ition at St.ansle.'iti .\ I' <'i d I' m )■. S h i' i^r.atiualeil in music from .Ashlaml liisli- lute, N.V. She fol- lowetl school ami music le.achin^ for .a lifi' profession. In M:i\-, i.Sdj, sill' w.'is iii.arrii'tl to Rev. T. W. P. l.ee, of I'ilch B.ay, and soon .after movcil to Iowa, ami later to South Ha kota. .Mr. Lee died 1H92. She joined the Gooil Templjirs in L'ri'sco, low.'i, ;itul li.as for years bi'cii prominentlv itlentilied with the Order. She w;is General Super- intendent of Juvenile Templars in the Grand I.odufc of South Dakota for two years. In 1890 she w.is elected Grand .Secre- t.arv, ami has been re-i'lectcil every year sinci*. She has been .in earnest worker, by voice ami pen, in promoliiif; the interests of the ^;ri'at work. .She is also actively idenlilied with the W. C T. r., ;ind held tli.' olVice of President of the ,\sliloii I'liion for four years. She li.is been a member of the M. K. Church from tfirlliood, .and is .in .active .Sunday School worker and an ardent lover of Bible study. She resides at Mitchell, S. D., where her twin ilaujfh.ers are .iltendiiijf the Hakola I'niversity. GKORGK FAIRBANKS hl'I.l.INWinKR, Gr.and Secretary I. O. G. T. of Kansas, was born in .Meeh.inicsburj;, HI., Oct. 19, 1854. His father, Marcus Lindsa)' I'ullinwider, was a n.ativei>f Kentuckv, and moved to Illi- nois when it was but .a wiltlerness, bein^f one of the pioneers of that fer- tili' rej^'ion. 1 le was .1 "born .Methodist." His mother w.as .a liau^hter of .a pio- neer .Methodist preacher in Illinois, Geoijfe W.i liin^f- lon Kairlank, a fel- low-worker with the celebrated Peter C.irtwrijjht, Hiram Buck, Peter .\ker, ami men of that sturdy class. He is himself .an ex- ho It er, a c I .a s.s- leatler, S u n d a y - school superinten- dent .ami teacher. 1 le bi'came a mem- ber of the Go.hI Templars in 1872, and has been a zealous worker in the ranks ever since. He Hist attemled the Kansas Graml Loilge session ,at Topek.a in October, i8i)j, ,iml was elected Grand Secretary, thouf;h ;i str.aiifier to nearly all pres- ent. He still holds that position. Both by pen and voice, in public and in private, lie is .1 stroiijf .advocate of Temperance and Prohibition. He is local eilitor ol' the Daily and Weekly W. limit \*alli'\- "Times," of Topek.a, Kans.as. He w.as appointi'il City Clerk in i8gi, .ami liekl tli.at oHice U'ii fiiiir years, jfoinj; out then with a clianjie In .idministr.alion. He is also an .active mi'iiiher in Moilern Wooilmen of .America, and National I'nioii, both well-known fr.ati'rn.al oixaiiizations. PROM 1 li 11 ION I.KADKRS. l.or J. HKAl't. IIAMI* 14, 1H51. Ill' is a sun i^t |)r. was lioiii III liiuiiiiiali, llliiii, Jan. Ilarrv HiMiuhaiiip ami Saiali ImkI- iiiaii Mt'aiu'lianip. Kilmali'il ill lOiii- iniiii sfliools lill Ill- was 1^;, Ilii'ti Ii'ai lU'ii llu' piiiilcis liaili', anil riiliTcil I lu- ll i'\vs\va|HM* pnili's- siiiii. I li* was Ii'li'- m'apli .iiiii iii'W s I'lli- lor. "Paily Star, ol C iiii'liinal i, wlii'ii iiiiilrr Ji, ami lias lii'i'ii I'oiuii'i'lril with pr.iniiiu'iit ilailifs in navliMi anil llaiull- liin, l^liii), l.iijfaiis- p.ii I ami Kl. U'aviii', liul. Ill' has wril- ti'ii inaiiv piii'ais ami ski'li-lu's wliiili liavi' bi't'ii wiili'lv ri'printi'.l, ami is llu* aiil!u>r'i>t"lwo bonks, "Tliis, I'lial . Ill llii' t'^tlii'i',' poi'iiis anil skrUlu's;alul "Sllll- sliiiii', ' ili'alinn willi 1 hi' t t'inpi'ra nri' i|iii'siiiin. now in its 201I1 I'llilion. AI'liT si'vi'ii years si'iiiloni 10 iliink, ho was loii- vi'iii'il to li'inpi'iaiu'i' by tlii- I'fl'oils of a lillli- j;iil, Mi'llii- tlaiiliu'r, whom hi" inanii'il in 1H77, ami inmu'iliali'ly starloil li'inpi'iami' work. No man li.is lilli'il nioii' ri'-i'ii>ra)fi'ini'nls or li'iliiii'il to inoii' pi'opli'. Il.is spoki'ii ovi'r 5, liiiu's, in all pails ol rnili'il Sl.ili's, L'.iiiaila, I'aiijlanil .iiiil Si-ollaiiil; is Lji'iii'rall\ I'li^'agi'il two vi'.irs .ihi'ail. Ho is Hopiiiy Intiinalional Siipri'iiu' Ti'mpl.ir, ami nu'inln'r ol l.ili'ratiiiv C'ominitli'i' ol' ih.il l")iil"r, ,iiul 0110 ol till- I'llilors ol its in.'i^.ixiiu', .inil also a inrnibi-r of tho I'lohibilion I'.'irlv. Hi" is ii I'lVsbyU'ri.in, anil kmnvn for his I'h.irily (o fallon nii'ii. lias ono son, I'^.irl, iH vi'.irs of .iiii-. I l.is .1 bi'.iuliml lioiiii' al Hamilton, (.')hio, .iiiil 0110 of llu- liiu'sl libr.irii's in llio Sl.iti'. .MKS. .Ml'. 1. 1. IK UKAll IIAMI", wilo ol l.on J. itianihamp, w.is born al .Manrlii'slrr, Uliio, on .Vovi'inln'r .'7111, i>*.S7, ami is llii' ilaii>;lili'r of J. nob .mil i'!li/.i (i.trilili'i . Shi' \v.is Ihfinsti iimi'iil iinili'i' (loil in loiurrlin^; l.oii J. Hi'.'im h.'iinp to tol.'il .'ibslini'tiri' anil llii' rl'li^ion oi t'hiisl, anil w.i'. ni.irrii'il lo him on Mai I'll .(I si, 1H77. Sill' has bi'i'ii iili'ii- I ill III willi Ciooil Ti'iiiplar and Wo- man's (.'hrislian *ri'nipi'r;iiii'i' rniitn work I'vi'r siiii-i*^ Shi" W.IS for U>iif M'.irs St.'iti' Siipi'r- inli'iulriit in Ohio itf Jiivi'iiili' 'I'l'inpli's uiulrr liiilt'pi'mli'iit l^rili'r oi' liooil Ti'iiiplars, piillini;' llial hr.inrh i^i I ho i')rili'r on ,'i linn toumlaliim in t In' Stall'. Ili'r symp.i- thi'tii' n.'iliiri' has iii.iili' hi'r ,111 I'lVuii'iil lo-worki-r with lii'r luisbaiul in his losiiii' work, .inil with him shi' li.is Ir.ivi'lli'il ovi'r si'vi'ii hnmlri-il Ihoiis.'iiiil mill's in .Vnii'rii'.i .iml Kiiropo. Wlii'ii not willi lior hiisbaiiil slu is al tlit'ir lionu' in ll.'im'llon, Ohio, w.itrliin)^ ovor till' I'lliii'.'itii of lii'r son, Karl, who ,i,'ivi's promiso of bi'roniiiiff ;i tirii' srliol;..' .'iiiil iiiiisii-i.-ui, .ami in i-.arryim; on tho work of tlii' W'oin.'in's C'l.risiiaii 'ri'inpi'r.ani'i' rnit>ii .'iml llu' llooil Ti'mpl.'irs. .Mrs. H. is ;i ^;r.ailu;ili' ^'tt' iht' lii>oil Ti'mpl.'irs Ci>iirsi' oi Simly. Slu* is kmnvii .iml lovi'il ,ill ovor tho I'. S. by Iho millions who hiivo ht'.aril hi'r luisb.aml spi'.ak of li«'r . 'is •' tlif litllo woin.an " whos.avt'tl him. Tlioy .no both inoinlH'rs of tho Inli'rii.ition.'il Siipivmi' boily of I. O. I'l. T., alti'iiiliii^^ .ill Siiproino sossions .it lioiiu' ,iiul .ibrivui. MISS JKSSH': l'"l>lvSYrH, K. W. C. Siipciinti'mloiil of Jiivonilo Ti'iiipl.irs, w.is born in l.oiulon, Kii>f., in i>>4'), of Siollish .mil K.niflish p.iri'ii- laifo, I 111' Korsyths bi'in^":i \i'r\ .ani'ii'iit Siotlisli family. Shi' joiiu'il tho l.lVC. r. in 1S7J in l.oiulon ; ai-i'optin>; .1 sitiiri- lioii in Moston, .M;is., romovi'il llii'ii' in 1H74, Ir.infi'rriii).; lii'r monibi'iship to lli.il I'ity. Was I'li'i'ti'il C"i. V. Ti'inpl.ir of till' junior ^irantl l-oilj4"i' ot M.-issai'hii- si'tts in 1S77, Ci. St'i". in 1S71), wliii'h ollii'i" she hold till tho union oi' tho t wo hramhos in 1HK7. W.is ohoson R. W. c;. \'. T. in iSS^ .It Halifax, N. S., sos- sion of 111,' U.W.t".. I.oil.uoofilu' World, ri'-i'loi-lod at tho Sloi'kholni, Sw'o- ili'ii, sossion, 1HS5, and .■i_y;.'iin at tho rc- In lS()o sllo was iSS- union sossion at .Sar;itoj^;i, \. \' olot'loil Cir.aml Siiporinti'iuli'iil i^i' Junior Ti'iiiplars in .M;iss.-u'hii- si'lts, ;iiui ri'-oli'i'ti'il iin.animoiish' .'it tliri'o siu'i'i'i'iliiiLT si'ssions ot' till' iir.'imi l.oil^o. In iSt); slio was.appointoil by llii' Inti'in.-itioii.'il .Siipromo l.od^jo Kxoiiilivo to fill Iho vaiamy oaiisod by tho ilo.illi of the K. W. C». Siijit, of Ju\'. Ti'iiiplars, .'ind .'it sossion of iHi)^^ w;is ro-i'Ioclod iinaninioiisly. Slu* is a wom.'in of stronjj I'onvii'lions, lib- oral niiiitl, ).;i'noroiis natiiri-.-ind ;i lino i'Xi'riili\'i' olVu'i'r, bi'inj^ inihis- lrii>iis, porsistonl, nii'lhoilii-al. I'aUIi'iI tho " ri'iiipor.iiui' Iholhor- booil" 4 yi'.'irs; now I'llils llu- " Mro-s-u'liiisi'lts Ti'nipl;ir. IsV'ii'o- Chaiu'i'li>r oi' I.O.Cl.T. (."oiiiv.o of Sliiih of Mass. I l.-is \\ ritloii .-irti- cli's, leaflets, pooms, .mil ofloii spokon on Iho tomponimo pl.ufoi 111. Ixl':\'. W. A. \l4, his parents bi'in^ N'olsi>n \'room.-tii .•mil M.'ir\- i'ii'r- son X'rooman. Ho roii'i\i'il his si'hool I'diii'.ition at Mitoh- oll, to wliirli pl.ai-o bis fallior ri'iiiovi'il during'- his o.irly boy- lu>oil. Ill' w;is ;il- ways ,-in I'lU'r^i'tir sluiii'iit, .'iml yrailii- tod .11 Iho lint.irio Collofjo of rii.ir- m;ioy in iSSi, and started the study of mi'ilii'ine wliii'h bo I'l'liiuiiiisheil owini;" to temporary wo;ili- iii'ss of his I'res. In 1SS7 ho onleroil llie ministi'v oi' the Mt'thoilist C'liiiri'h in Ilie .M.initob.'i .-iiul N'orlli-Wesl Confor- I'liee, p.'issiny- .-ill roipiiri'il I'X.ainiiia- lioiis with lirsl-elass honors. IIi* w:is m;irrii'il ti> Miss I'hiv'be She.iier. of Thornbiiry, Out., ;i younjj lady of rare .'ibility ami hijjfh I'li.'ir.'ioter, who, howevi'r, W.IS taken away in Iho midst of her nsofiilnoss in i^'i)4. He is sl.'ilioiii'il .-ii present .-it Hoissev;iin, M;iii. Has bi'i'ii .'in .'u-tixi' member of the Koy.il Toniplars of Tempor;iiieo, .-ind ,1 siuoessfiil worker in llii'il or^;ini/.-ition for inan\' years, and Ciratul C'hapl.-iin of the Cirand Coiiiuil of M.miloba. Has worked aelivi'ly .ind .iffKrossivoly in the pulpit, on the platform .inil Ihroiijfh llie press lo .idvaiue I'rohibition. He edits "The Laiue," whieh has a h'rire eiri'iil.ation in M.-iniliib;i, in the inli'rosts of llu* ri''orni, l!\ this ;n;em'\ ho is lielpiiu,' lo free from the bliirhl ,>f the rum Irallio one of the faiiesi and most fruitlnl lands of tho o.irlh. I'kOfU inilON IK A DKRS, KIK'.AK S. M.\U\'I\, itu-inh.T of llu' Ho.iiil ol M.iii;i>{i-is lit' the I'liMiul l.oil^fr^ol N'l'W Nink, was born near HroiUvilli-, l)ii;.trio, M.ir'flt ^^ihI. 1H54. I lis .OU'l'sU*!-- UTI'l* Mi'l ln>llisl s, his t'lllu'i', lli'nry Hull's Marvin, lifini,' a li>i"al pri-ai'lu-r. In iHyy In* ntovi-il to Alliion, .\.\'., whr I' lu' l"»*i\'uni' ai'Ii\'t' in C'nunl Ti'inplar anil rioliiliilion work. In |H<7 hf was ilios- rii Ciranil Marslial, and In 1 :;■<<) was lit. I !i' a nuMi!"i*r ol" llu- l^l;,^.l Worlliy tiranil Liul^i' lu-!il .'I I'liii aj;o. In i^'c)i III' Aa'. I'lt'v'U'il a ini-niluT of till' Itoaiil of iM aiifjiTS lor two ji-ais., ami in 1, <),) «;:• IC-l'll'll- I'J I'oi- lliri'i' \l'ar^. III' w.;s C'!iairnian of liio I'l'ohil'ititin I'.irly In ilrli-ans C'liiiniy from 1SH7 t ' iS<}o, wlu'ii 111' was I'liosiMi a memlu'r of llu" Stall- C'ominilli'i-. In iSiji lu' was noniinali-il t\tv Stall- Srnator for tin- Twi'iily -ninth Si-na- toi'ial Oistrirl, rri't'i\in^' tlii' hii;hi".t voti' j^ivi'ii any i-anili- ilati' on till- tii'ki'l. Till' saiiif \-i'ar hi' was t'li'i-ti'tl 'I'ri-as- iiri-r of lilt- lli-ni-si-t- Confi-ii-ni'r Kpwoilh l.i-a>fui' of tlii- iMi-lhoilist C'liunli, ami I'ri-sidi-nt of |l;i- Niajfara Dislrlrt N'onii^ Pi-opli-'s Soi'ii'ty. Hi' is als;» Snpi'rinti-iiiU-nt of tlu' Anii-rii-an Ti-nipi'raiiii' l.ifi- Insiirami- Assoiiation of Now York city. In iht' yi'ar iSytt hi' was marrii-il li» Aihi-rla Ti-arson, of C'arli-lon Plai-i-, C^ntario, ami two sons ami two ilaiiifhti-rs liavi' bi'i'n y^ivrn llu'iii to atlil to llu- ji>ys oi thi-ir happy lioriu'. MUS. SAKAII M. II.INTON I'KRKINS wax Horn noar I'oopirslinvii, N. Y., ami I'llurali-il at tlu- piililii' sriiools niitil shi- bi-iaiiii- a ti-.irhi-r al I'i^f hi I'l'ii. Slu* thus I'arni'il inoiu-y for lii>;hi'r I'tlui-a- tion. atti'iulin^ tlu- Araili'Miy in Ailanis, Mass., altt'i'ii.'itin^ lirr stmli'iit ilay s with ti'ai'hin^. Shi' laiiyhl at Savoy ami I'linnliill. At twi-n- I\ -Ihri'i- shi- ii);irrii-il llu- Ui'V. i>rsi-ii l*i-r- kins, a vi'ry ({ifti'il \onn^' ni;ui of S;i- \o\', Mass., llu- first p.irisli bi-in^ Hi-rn- .'irilslon. 'I'tii-y also li\i-il at Shiili-y ami Wimhi-sli'r, N. H., .Mr. I'l'rkiiis bi-iii^.i nii'rnbi'r oi llu- St.ati- Si-nali' of N. H. Moth wi'fi' sti-onj;; Al'olitionisls, .'I 11 il vvlii'U sl;i\i'i \- w;is ovi'rllirowii I hoy throw tlii'ir inflii- I'lii'i- into llu- i'aii.»-t» 111 Prohihitioii. Tliirty-thri-i- yi-.irs .ino .Mrs. Torkins bi'ffan hi-r i';iri-i-r .'^^. ;i li-rturt-r, ami li.'is iu'\rr la-as il work ior llu' ovi-rthrow oi' llu' liiptoi' trallir. Slii' was oni' o\' iho (>Iiio iloli'^.ati-s li> tlu- ri'i'i'iit Worlil's W. C". T. W C'lUivi'iition in Lonilon. Sho is piib- lislu'r' ami I'llitor i^i **.\ .\i'w Kt-pnblii'," issiu-il in C"lt-\'i-laml, Ohio, a hrij;;lit ,'iml sp.irklin^r p.ipi-r wliii'h has foiiml its way into lionu-s tlii'on^hoiil tlu- t'i\'ili/.i'il worlil. Mi-r yoiin^ost d.'iii^jhli'r. Prof. Kiniii.'i M. Pi'rkins, i-oniu-i-ti-il with llu- Wi-sti-ni Ri-si-rvi* t'ni- vorsiiy, h.-is bi'i'ti i-;illi-il Iho host ti';ii'lii-r of L.atin in Cli-vo- laiul. .Mrs. Pi'i'kiiis h;is .-i bt'aiilil\H lii>int' in C'it'vi'l.anil, wlii-n- ti'iiipi'raiu't- work-rs liml warm wolcoim- Jiiul most ^i-nial hos- pitality. MISS IWUKIK HKKUY PIIKI.PS, Toll-do, Ohio, oil Aujjust 4tli, iWi,?, lu-r O. M., was born at pari-iits bi-in^ Moiiry I.. Phrlps.iml l.ouisi- I''airi'hilil. Slu- was i-ilui'att-il in Tiili-ilo, Ohio, and Pitls- bin\y:, P.'i. , .'inil .m;iilu;ili-il from tlli- I'anrrson Si-lu>ol of i')r;itory. Host on, .Mass., in Iho vi-ar iHHH, and took a post-jfraduato I'oui'si- in till- s.-mii- i nst il lit ion. Slli- opt'ni'il .'Mill slill oon- iliiils " Tlu' I'lu-lps Sihiiol of l.ilora- tni'i-, !'"loi-ution .ami Pliysiral L'liltiiri-." Slu- is .also :i im-111- bi-r of thi' I'",u nlt\ of .\ilri,iM C'olli-iri-, .Mii'hi.LV.in. In .nirl- hood .Miss Plu'lps showi-d an iiulina- tion to Illoraluro ami I'loi'iiliiin, ami L. . t'lli'ouia;;i'd by lu-r i_i I l2 I p.iri'iits lu'r odiii'.i- tion h.as boon alon^' llu-st- lim-s spoi'ially. Miss Phi-Ips is .1 nit-.nbi-r of llu- H.ip- list C'luiri'h, and .111 aitivo iind i-iu-rm'tii' worker of Ihi- W'onu-n's L'lirislian IVinpi-i.inro L'nion, sho bi-injf Suporin- Physii'.al t'liltinv for tlu- St.ito of llhio. In this r li'iliiros ami " faniili.ir talks " to voiniy wonu-n li.ivi- boi-n w. 11 roii-ivi-d, and havi- inspiri'd ni.iilv vouiiir wonu-n with luibU-r idi-als of line wom.-inhood. Mi-^s i'lu-lps is always ii-ady and willinif to jfivo assislanri- in iH-li.ilf of the Tonipi-ramo oauso. Slu- has boon ospi-ii.dly siu-i-ossfnl Assoi'ialions of Toli-do, p.arliiip.inl in most ti'mli-nl of I'.ap.'u'ity h i-ady and willinif to Tonipi-raiu'i- oanso, Sho has in the Vounjf Wonu-n's Christian Ohio, slu- bi-iiii; an ai'ti\i- and t-.ariu-sl of tlii'ir nu-t'tini^s. KKV. \VM. KKTTI.KWKI.I, was born in the city of York, Kuy;., Ki'b. iijtli, 1M47. Ki'ioivi'il ii nu-riantilo odm-alion and i'ri>sst-il thi- .Atl.an'ii* to inako his honit- iii Can.'ida in 1S70, Ki Ii-ri-tl tlu- ininis- liy of tlu- .Mi-lho- ilisl Churi'b in iHyj. Sponl tlu' yi'ars of his pi'obation in thi- p.isloralo al I'^xotor, London, ami, as a simli-nt, at tlu- Mon- ti i-.il WosU-y.in Col- li-Ko. .\ftor ordina- lioii ho w.'is sla- lioni-tl in sm'i-i-ssii>n .It N'i.ijf.ir.i Kails, Joisi-yvillo, llainil- loii, Ingi-rsoll, Oak- villo, .N'orwiih and P.iris. Has boon C'hairni.an of llu- .\orwiili ;iml Hr.uit- foril Oistriits, .ind in iS'os was olootod I'los. of Iho nowly- oryanizi'd Hamilton C'i>nlt-i*i-iii'o oi' Iho Mothodist C'lnnih. Yot, Ihoniili holding so |-.rominont a position in his dononnnalion, lu- is botti-r kruiwn as a liroloss advoi'ati- o<' Te "cranio and Prohibi- tion. He has been idenlificd with the Provincial Temper- ance canipaiijns of the past Iwenly years. He has twice been the presiding!: ollicer of the Ontario Roval Templars, and for two ye.irs w.is (.'liicf of that Order for the nomin- ion of Can.u'a. He was Ch.iirnian of the (."eiitr.d Coniniil- tee that ^iiideil tlu- Ont.irio plebiscite cinipaijjn of iWt)j, which rolled up a Provincial majority of ei},^hly-two llunisand for Pro- hibition. He was ni.irried to Sarah Coyne, of St. Thomas, in the year iS7(). His family consists of two sons and two d.uijjhters. 10 PROHIBITION LKADKUS. n.AT r HINM.W. KSyV, ol ILiUiiinaml lowiiship, \tirlliuni. btTlaiu! C\>., Ont., is mw o\' tin- olih'st anil 1h'**i known ti'iiipiT- anri' iiit*n iti his nalivi* iitiiiily. aiul »nu' ol' llu- lu'st- knt^wnSiinsol Tfin- |UM'aiu r in l.)ntario. lit' was lu>in in llalilnnaiul lown- ship, Of* . I, 18J4, aiul has liM'il alt his I.ti'tinu- nil ihi' tarni whiMi- hr was l>oin. His ^ranil- lalhtT was oni* i>l thi* pitMUMT siMlK-rs ot ihc iiiunly. In iSi .' hi' tM*-it('ii ihf i'i>nitortal>U* rarin- hi>usr in whii'h Mi. Ilinnian was horn anil has hvi'il most ot his tla\ s. I li- is now th»' olili'si lit ihc lhli\l ){'<>ni'ralion ot tlial wi'll-knowii laniilv ^t>siilin^' in tht> i'tunily. His tathiT was an ao- tivt* l*'nip»Taiui' man, aiul tho si>ns profili'd wt'll hy a talluTs ^ootl oxamplo. IK' larly In'i'anu' sorrolary oi" t\w lirst Tola! AhstintMUi* Smiciy or^^ini/iHl in thr lowiiship iinl still has possession olllu* t>Iil plt'iij;r luioU. rontain- ln>j oviT on*' thousaiul nanu's, most o\' wliom aiv now dcail. Mr. Ilinman is pn^niiu'titly iiU'iilitioil wilh (lu* Sons ot" Ti-mpt'iaiuo. Hf hi'i'aino a mornln'i- in January. 1S50, aiul I'xpfits to lontliUK-a " Son " as lonj^f as lu' lives. In iS(>:; he heiaine a nu'inluT oi the Graiul Pivision oT l^nlariv> ami has regularly atti tuleil its si'ssions sime. Ill' has heen eleeti'tl to sevi'ial leailinji^ t^tliees in it. lie has bei'ii a Justiee of llu' I't-aee tor \eais, also a niemher oi' the Munii'ipal L'oinuil, i>eeup\ini( ils hi^^llest positions, lie has been a membtM- ot" the baptist C'hiuvh for o\cv hall" a i'entury. MKS. MAKIHA AW MtllKHV. ol" Rome. i;eoi>fia. eihieali>r, lempeiaiu'e ailvmati- anil jonrnaltsl. was born in I ariha^^e, Indiana. An^^ 10, 1H5J Slu* is llie ilau>(hter o\' Alex, aiul Maitlia Harris, a w »• 1 1- kiu)wn Methoilist lainiU. She was inarrieil ti> Uev. C". Mii niily.a Piesb\- l4'ri;iii minis! e r I \oi tilt, am) has jis- sisieil him in evi*ry >4ooil work. Very t ;u l\ in lite she be- came ideiUilieil with the t *• m pe 1 a n *• e eaiise. .Slu* has taken a prominent part in all the ^freat l*roh:bnion batlK-s louj^^hl in lu*r Ku-al- it \ siru e iSjt). She wieUls an able anil t'aetli' pen, and lias r»'iulered exeellent ser\ iee by it in ttlu- tatiii)^ publie i»pin- ion. In 1S85 shi* beeame editress o( a tempi'ranee journal i-siablis)u'il in Kirhm(>nit. Ind. In iKSfisbe beianu' i»tlieially ei>inu'eted with the " Stnilhern Christian Uc- I'lMiler, ot Atlanta, lla., a journal ileviMeil to iho religious and teinperaiue work. She took a prominent part in the ProhibitiiMi eonlest in that eity iluriti)^ that time. She also servetl as S*'ere- tary otthe W'l-st Atlanta Inion, di)iiu,' \t'oman serviee. She lu-- eanu" a resitlent i>l Konu', (,1a., and in in i>ixani/etl tlu' W.i.'.'!*. I', there, aiul was i-Ieeteil its Pri'sidi'nt. She has lieen instrumental in or^ani/in>; otlu-r suei esstul I'nions in the sanu' eity aiul iHher parts i>t the State. As an i>r^aniz*'r she has been very sneeesstul. She is edilivssi>|' the "Woman s WorUl' and ot" the tempera nee depart- iiu'nt t>t the ** Attantie Messenj^-er "" ot the l'iesb\ it'rian C'liuivli. MKS. KI.LKN C". TAIJ.MAIHiK is a dan^-hter ol Ihiraee n. Speneer and his wife, Mai^'H'i't Hurnsidi*. atui was born in the town ot Maiy- I a n d , O t > e j^o C\nmly, New York, in iH;i. She was inarrieil in i^^\ to J. H. TalhnadKe. a tanner arul lumber- man in C>tsej;o, her native lonntw Slu' was eonverted to (.'•od the lollmvinif winter, and bt-eanu' a nu'mber ot the Melluuiisi Kpiseo- pal Clunvh. In 1875 she a t t e n d i* d a ea m p-m e e t i n jf , where she olitaitu'd a rieher blessing;', and resolved to ile- vote herself inoie thorouj;^hlv to Chris- tian work, as the w a y m i >J h t be ope'H'il up to her. She soon bi'j^aii ti» 1h' uset'iil and sne- eesstul as an evan- ^e I i si , reeeivinij ealls from ministers in the eounty to assist them in revival ser- vices. She has heen jjreatly blessed and eneonra^ed in sueh work. She has been a zealous tempi'iaiu'e worker from her childhood in a Kuality where tempeiaiui' seniinuMit was iu*ither stronjj;" luir pt^pular. Slu' joiiu'd tlu' Wonu-n's Christian Ti'iiiper- anee I'nion, l">nenita, sevi'ral years before tlu-re was a stiiint;' i*nonj;h sentiiiu'nt to form a I'nion in her own locality. i.">ne was fornu'd later on, however, oi' wlticli she has been an active mem- ber. She has been ii s President for live years, and Is now also Presitlent of the County I'nion. In all her Kvani;:eiistic work the T inperaiu'e aiul Prohibition ipiestions have been stron>;ly ailvocatcd. UKV. JAMKS rilOMAS WAUD. IX 1).. President of the Westminster Theoloj^ical Seminary^of the" .Melluulist Protest.int Church, was bt-rii lU'.'i r Cieor^^i'tow n. District of Cohim- hia, Au>;;. Jisl, ihjo. I lis lather was an M. P. Minister. When but nineteen years o\' a^t' he edited the "Weekly Xisitin," the i>r^an i>f a Kyceum at W.'ishin^toii, and the lollowinjjf year was licensed to preach by the Ninth Street Methoilist Protest.int Church, oi' that eity. l-'or years tollowinj;' he was snccesstuUy en- ^^a^ed in ministerial work in various lo- calities, at the sanu- lime bein^ also ac- tive with his pen, a number oi' valuable hooks anil papers oi' his beinji' pnb- lisheii. In i8<)7 he tauj^^hl in Westminsier Seminary, and then becanu* ag'eni for Western Maryland College tor about a year, when he was elected Presiilent oi' thai institution, a position which he filled t'ov ei)4;hteen years. He resij^netl the presiilencv in June, |8S(>, am) was eleeteil President oi' tlu' Westminister Theoloj^ical Seminary, which pv>sition he still holds. He has been a lite-lony; advocate of the ^-reat Temperaiu'c Movement. One of tlu' most noted and valuable of his ni.iny published works is "A Haily M.inual for Bible Readers," which was bejjj^un in lS5( and improved from time to time. It was linally published in iS()^^. Ji FROHIIUTION I.KADKRS. It KKV. WII.I.IAM WILLIAMS, l>. I)., ol Mii.lull, ..iu' o( \\\v hfst kiiiiwii Mi'lliKilisI iiiiiii>iiliii'i>i, Wiis burn in Sliiiu*- luMISi', Pi'MIII, KllJ{- t.iiul. January Jjril, I Hid. Ills |)aivill-< liu>M'il III i'ailaila aiul srillril in Tii- r'OiiUi wlii'ii lir Wiis MniiiK. II r w a s ciliu'aU'il ill rpptT i.' a n a il a C'ollixi*. Wlii'ii II) III' was I'allril III llu- inill- isli\ ol till- Mi-lliii- il:si New t'lHliHV- liiiii I'liiir.'li, iiiul lliat has lu'i'ii his hii' wiirk. Ill- hi'- lainc an hiMioivJ a II i) p I'll 111 i II t' II t « o r k I' r ill thai C'huii'h, ami tillt'i) Willi ^rfal iU'i't'pl- aiu'i' I hi' hi^lu'st posilion al its ilis- pi»sal. IK* u>iik an ai'tiv'i' pari in l'iin>;inj; ahoul ihi- union bi'lwi'i'ii llu* Ni'w C'oiini'i'l inn a II il W f s I o y II II C'hinilu's, ami has rviT siiur hrcii a prninincnl niiiiisli-r ot lh« Mi'lhncjisl (.'hiiirh in C'anaila. Siiui' llial hi Iiut Ills MiinistiM'i.'il ilutit's haM •iai liiiii' ami alli'iilion In llial MUS. JKSSIK OILMAN, ol Si. Johns, .VlUI., a «vll-kno«n .'iiul siuH'fssl'iiI U'lnpi'r.iiu'f aiul Chrisli.'in workiT, w.'is born in l)i;il rilv, M.uvh i()lh, iS.^I). Hit I'alluT, Janu's Murr:iy, \v,'is a Si-olrhin;in .-iiul w.'is Tor many yt*;irs .111 rill IT ol' the l-*ri't' Pi'fsby ii'ri;iii I'hunh. Sill- w.is i-iltu-.'ili'il ill liiT na- livo Unsn .'intl in ICili nbiirj^h, Si-ot- l.iml. In iKSo sho was iii,'iri'it*il lo Nils i'>liiiiaii, ;i n,'ili\r ol' Swt'ili'ii, .-iml rt'- sidin^ 111 Si. Johns. Slu' li.'is bi'i'ii ;in I'll- Ihiisiaslii- Ifiupi'i'- aiuc ami tlirisli.in wiiikor from fcirl- liooil. .\l llu- .IJfC *>f' si'voii yt'.'irs slu* bi't'anii' a iiu'iiibi'i' ot Ih.- I. aiul of llopi* : slu' iilso bi'- i-;iiiu' a Witi'kor in till' Pri*sb\ I i*ri;iii Cliinvh I'.iiiy in lit'i-, ami li.-is t'lir yi-ars rt'iidi'iH'd assislaiioo al lilt' piiblif nu'i'lini^s tit' tlit* \'. M. C A. Slit' li:is Ijikt'ii .'i prtiiiiiiit'iil part in llu* work of btitli llu* S. tif *!'., ami llu* Ci. T's. Ktir sonit* liint* shf was Siipt. of Si. Johns' Juvi'iiilt* Tt*nips. and C T. tif Prohibilion Ltitltji*. Slit* was appointi*tl a nu'iiibt*r of tht' (ir.'uul l.iulj^i* I'lir llu* Islaiul. In 1SK7 slu* was ilt*piilt*il lo niakt* a ttiiir of llu* iioiih of tin* I'roviiUf in llu* iiilt*it*sls of llu* S; off., oix-'iiiiziiij^ Raiitls tif lliipt*. Slu* .'ilsti ttitik an ;u"livt* inlt*ri*si in lalioii t)f llu* W.C'.T.l'. and was its St*trt*lary. I'or Iwo w'.'is I'dilor itf *' Tilt* W.'ilor Lily," a strong atlvtu-.'itf tif in llv till* form yt*ars slu Priihihilitiii .'uitl llu* only lt*nipt*raiu't* papt*i linit*, Slu* has also i't'tntribiilt*il Ui llu* "l*rt*sb\-| I'roviiut* al llu* riail \Viliit*ss.' •MUS. KLIZ.\ HKORliK HASS. of Htiiion Harbor, Mith.. a ttfll-kiiowii and iniitli-n'spt*ili*d li'inpi'raiui* ami I liristiail worki'r, was born III tht* pii*ttv vilhiKi* of l.afayt'villf, Ji'f- ft'l still C'll., \. \*. Ill lit'r ),;irlluH>tl llu* laiiiily inovi'il lo llu* Ilit'ii *' L'iir W'i'wl," in Mirrii'r I'o., Mii'h. riii'it* «t*rt* llit'ii m> St luitils in lilt* iu*w si'iilt'iiu*iil, but at last lilt* " lillli* rt*il sthotil lumst* ' niiitli* its ,1 ppt'a ra n f o, nnit-li to tht* joy oi both I'hiltl a. id par- fiils, ,-tml slu* t'ajf i*r- 1\ a\ailt'tl ht'rst'If tif till* pioiifi'i- St'lllltll. At 14 slu* passt*d .1 lt*aflu'r's t'Xfiinitia- lion anil siit>n Ih*- ^.'111 lo It'at'h a t'oiin- Iry siliool, with a ilo/t'ii pupils, rt" i-t'i\iii>; Sij for I J w I't'ks* s i* r V i t' t*. \\'lit*n .'ibotit i(> silt' .tlli'iidi'il llu* N'oiin^ L.'idit's' .M.K. C'olli'jft' .It I'orl Wayiit*, Intl., wlu*rt*slit* nit*t with Sinn St. Clair lf thf bra\t' yoiiii^' olliii'r was satrilii'i'tl on llu* alt.ir of his tiiunlry. Tht' willow was It't't with Iwo \-ouii^ fhililrt'ii, ami in iSSo slu* nuivt'd to Hi*nloii ll.iibor, Mith., to bi* iii*ar lii*r brollu'is ami sisli*rs. In |S8.' slit' bt'i-anit' a WliiU* lvibbt>m*r. Slu* w.is for yo.irs .1 W. C T. I'. I'ri'sidi'iil. .Molhi'r Mi*i*liii>fs, Loyal l.fffions, and a Stiiool HoartI ri*prt*si*iitiii^ both soxt's ,'irt' llu' rt'sulls i)\' lli.-il I'nioii. AltirSTlS R. S.MITH, of l.ft*, Mass., tin* lati* tandltlatf of tht* Prohibilion Party for Lii'ut.-C'iovoriior of tli.il Slalt*, was biirii in Lt'f, Mass., .\pril I si, iSb^. \li- was i*tlui'ati*d in his iiati\'t* t o w n and ^railu.'iti*d from llu* Li't' Hifjli Sihotil in iSSi as \ali'iliitor- i.'iii oi his i-|,-iss. Hi* t'lilt'ivil in llu* st*r- \'ii'i* oi llu* Sinitli P a p f r Compaiiyi Hllinj;' various im- port.-int ptv 'lions, ml h.is for ><*!irs pi*t*n St*iTt*tary of llu* I'onip.iny. He W.IS iiiarriid in Loi-, Oft. 13th, 1KK6, lo Atinit* Kulli'r l'"ot»tc. Ill' is ;i mt'iiibt'r of llu* C'oii).frt*^Mtional Cliunli, jiiul h .1 s bt*t'ii .u'tivi* ill var- ious linos of t'huri-h wtirk from boy- liotul. Ht* has had a youiiij nion's cl;iss in Suiulay St-hool ior t!iirlt*t*ii yt*ars ; has bt*i*n Kxt*fiilivo Sfiy. of the Y. .M. C. .\., and Prt*siili*nl of thf " L'hristi.in Workors of Li*t*, ' an or;,'riiii/alion dt*si>jm*d lo liolil ovanffflislif servifos in llu* smallor tluirthi's in llu* lonnlv. Ht* has bt*i*n a momht*r of tht* fbrislian Kmloavor Sotii*lv sintt* i88_^, and Sotivlary of llu- Borkshirt* County C. K. Ciiion fiir yoars. In i8t)4 hi' bi'ianii' Pros, of llif .\lass.itlnist*tts .Slalt* C. K. I'nion. Ho is .1 nii*iiibi*r of Ciood Tt'iiiplars, llu* .Masonii* Order, and tht* Lt'o Clioss Club. Ill* was foriiifily a Kt'publioan in poliliis, volinjf for Blaim* in 1HS4, but joiiiod llu* Prohibition Parly soon after, and has since been Ihoroiiichly idt*iiliHeil with it. Several limes he w.is eleeled ;i nu'iiiber of the Slate Coinniiltt*e, and in 1892 a member of till* .\;ilion.-il Prohibilion Ciiininitli*i*. •pi ,1 ti PROHIBITION LEADERS. '|i TIIK HON. NKAI. DOW, " Tlu- K.ilhiM of I'rohihiiion, wan horn Maivh iiid, 1H04. Mis aiui'-ttry for ){i'ncralioiiN wi-rr fariiuTN, wt'II-li»-tlo, Ihritly, |x-iui'alilf, palrtiitii'. Ill' was •■(liualcd ill Iho INirltaiul Ai'aiU*iiiv, iiul till- KririuN \fw Hi'ilfoi'd Insli- lulf. A llirilliii>; iii- «-i*K*nl of his I'arly lifi', ri'vralinif Ihi- anguish of the ih'uiikard'N wiff aiul ilu* heartli'ss i-iipitl- ily of Ihc lii|mir ^i-ll- cr, tircil llii' train of Oionxhl anil ar(ioii whirh UhI to Ihf Maine Law. Ni'.il Dow ht'^an liis rf- forts by ton yi'.ir .' r.'uii|><'ii^ii fi»r thi* cilni'.ilion of the pt'oplf. '* .Maiiii*," In- ili'ilaroi, " vv.is made a I'rohihiiion State !>)■ sowinj; it knof-dfi'i) with ti-rn- prr-'inef lili'i'.alinH'." At all soasons, in all weathiM's, and with I'Vi'ry personal s.urirne, hi- made mission- ary jtiiirneys to every part at his own expense. Tlu* first fruit was the Maine Prohibition .\et of 1846. This made no provi- sii>ii for seizing liqtiors. While Mavor of Portland he dr.aftetl the bill whieh lin.dly heeame the Maine I..IW, having; passed the House and Senate M.iy ,?ist, and beiiif; si^fned by Gov- ernor llubb.aril, beeanie law Jmu- jnd, iH^i. The sidoons of Portland soon ee.ised to exist, and breweries ;ind distilleries dis.'ippearetl fri>m the Stale. He favors wom.'in suffrajfe. His 90th birlhd.iy was celebrated throii>;houl the Christian world, and his name is *'one of the few, -the inunort.al names that were not born to die. " MKS. I I.AKA (.T.Kr.lU>KNK MOKKMAN was born on a farm called " Klink]Honny, " near Hekjilh, \. V. She is the thir- ti'enlh ehild of Hum- phrey I'lejjhorne .Hid i)|ive Miirnham. The father, a sturdy iipri^;ht Si'olehinan, w;is known .as " an nndeixrinmd rail- rojul I'oiuluetor" during the anti- slavery striijf^fle. riie mother, a il.iu^liler of Major I'llisha Muinliani, wlu) j^.ivi* yeotii.'in ■-erviie .ill lliToii){h the reviilut ion.'iry war. Kroni these parents Mrs. H. inherited the traits of ehar.uii'r and i|ii.ilities of mind, wliii'h h.avi* ni.'ule lier .1 power on the refoini pl.itform. She was educated in the pubiie si'liools .'ind the (n>iivi>rnour Ae.ideiny, .ifter- wards studying two vi'.'trs in Spriiifjlielil, .Mass. Shi* h.'is been from ehiUlhooil a member of the C'oiiKieKation.il Chureh. She writes iniuli for p.itH-rs .and ni.i^.izines in slron^f, terse style, on reform siibjeets. When she was J4 years old she was m.'irried to Or. 11. Hoff- man, an .ii-eomplished tlerman physician, now deceased, and has two liri>;lit sons. Kor twelve years she was principal of .1 ffieal public school in K.insas City, i>lo. She resi^fiieil this position when called to le.id the W. C. T. l'. of .Missouri in iHHj. In iSi)4 she was elected Kec.-Sec. in the \. W. C. T. L'. She h.is shown jcreat ability in .State and .N'atioiKil work, and is in demand everywhere as ,-1 speaker of wit, eloqueiue and power, on .ill livi' iiuestions of the d.ay. Boston p. pers call her " the Western Wendell Phillips." MRS. LILLIAN M. HOLLISTER, State Supt. of the Y. W. C. T. V. m Michigan, was born Sept. 8, i8_s,v She was edu- cated in the district and hi^fh school 11 n d e r c i r c u m - st.'inces which fitted her for the arduous .'I n d s u c cess f u I labors of her future career. Among' the brijfht women of Michig",an, there is pro b. ably no one more busy with held, h>'..rt .and hand than Lillian M. Hollister, of De- troit, the newly elected Supreme Commamler of the l-.ulies of the Miic- c.abees of the Worlil. .\t 15 she be>fan teaching, .adding to her regul.ar work that of normal class instruction ; at 11) she was married to David M. Hollister, later moving to De- troit. .She has been for ye.ars .actively eng.iged in church work, and associated with the Women's Christian Tem|H"ranee Union in the State and National Organization, h.aving ;i wide .affiliation and .ac(|u.iiiit- ance with the leading iiation.al movements among the women of the I'nited St.ites. She has given p.arliamentary drills to women throughout the country, under the auspices of the Women's Chris- tian Temperance Union .ami Ladies of the Maccabees, :oul is regarded as one of the best parliamentarians .among women in the United St.ales. She is a member of the Oriler of the Eastern Star, Wom.an's Relief Corps Degree of Honor, and the I..adies of the M.iccabees. This fraternal life benefit society now numbers 40,000 women, and is rapidly growing. CHARLES A. POLLOCK, A.*H., Counselor-at-l.aw, was born in Elizabethtown, N. Y., his |K»renl», Rev. John Pollock and Eunice E. Ellis, re- moving to Iowa in 1H56. The subject of our sketch gr.ad- uated at Cornell College, Iowa, In 1S7H, and In 1881 received his M. A. from the same insti- tution, in which year he .also gr.athi.aletl Irom the Law tle- partment of the low.i St.ite Univer- sity. Ill the same year he settled in I*";irgo .and bej*;;iii active Tempe.-.ince work, h.aving since l.iken p.art in all the Teniper.ance Con- ventions of the Ter- ritory and .State. He has been attor- ney of his ilistriet four ye.ars, .ami was I'h.airm.an of the committee .appoint- ed by the State Temperance Convention to dr.aft the Prohibitory I..i» i>f the State. He h.as .assisted the State siiu-e in defending this l.aw in the Courts, •and has received the thanks of both Houses of the Legislature for his services. He h.as spoken in nearly every I'ity of the State in the interests of ProJiibitii>n, .ami h.as exertetl .a strong influence in the Republican Party, of whii-h he is an .ai'tive member, in favor of Prohibition. He was m.irried in 18S2 t' .1 daughter of the Rev. Dr. John W. Clinton, .an eminent Melhouist divine of low.a. Mrs. Pollock is .also .1 graduate of Cornell College, and an active and efficient liMn|H'rance worker. Mr. Pollock's services have been in much dem.ami In enforcing the different temperance laws of Da- kota. He has been styled " Fhe Father of the Prohibitory Law." I' Ron I HIT ION I, K A HERS. U Dil. J7, iHSKK, H. 1... was hoiii al Si. I.i.iiis, Mo., • llriirv Kost'i- aiul .VI. Tlu'ri's,! Ki>s>T. IK- was nliuiili'il al lilt* Slalf .Voriiial S.hool, I'lalu-villi', Wit., ami till' I'lii- vtTsily ol* Wisi'on- sin al .Mailistiii. Ill' i'«ait ai-livcnu'iii- Iht oI iIu- I'lohihi- lioii Party, 1. l>. ll. T., ami lionor.iry iiu'inbt'r of tlu* \V. C. T. I'., ami of llu> (iraiul I oil^c ol Wis. ,iml S. l>.ikola I. O. i;. I"., .ilso ail luMlor.-ii'\' llU'llUitT oi I III' I II I I'm. > I ion a I Siipri'MU* l.iulm' I. O. C. T. Ill- is a iiii'inht'r' ol' llir Stall' I'oiiimilti'r ol till' I'loliiliilioii i'aily, S. I)., .'iml a inriii- lirr ol' till' Nalioii.il i'ominitli'f i»r till' I'loliiliitioii I'.iilv, I'. S. .'.., lor till' s;inii' Stall'. Il.';s I'llili'il " 'IIu- Wi'st- ainl " South Ha- siiiii' I'rii IIoihI ri'iiiplar," "Iowa I'rohihilionisi, kola I'iooil Ti'inplar. " Hi- h.is bi'i'ii on thi' li'ituiv |ilall iSMK. Ill' foiimli'il the S. D. rroliiliilion r.irty ami s.'iuri-il a .Sl;itt' L\>nvt'nlti>n in iHtlu'r, Sophroni.-i t.'. Il.'dl, w;is a wi>- iii.'in of ^ivat foree of iliar.iiter, .ind I 111' tlaiij.jhti'r's earlv phil.'inthropii' ton- ili'iuMi's wi'ri* fos- lort'tl by boTiii' tr.-iin- inj^. .She has bro.'tii synipalhies, and is .iw.ike to every re- form whiih h.is for its objeit the .id- vaiu'enu'iit of wo- man, or the better- ment of humanity. She was edue.iled a I the Wesleyan .Ai'aileniy, W'ilbra- hain. She l)ej;an to write at .tn e.uly ajife, .md her iHiems and sketehes have been publi.slied in the " New York Inde- IH-ndent," "Wide Awike," "Christian Advoeate," " Zion's Herald, ' " Boston Journal," and other periodieals. She has published only one volume. Durin)» the year i8go she edited a monthly temperanee paper. She is ;in ardent suflrajfist, and in politics a Prohibitionist. As a platform sjieaker she has .'111 easy and pleasing delivery. She is at present State Super- intendent of Franchise for the Ma.ssachusetts W. C. T. U. The " Woman's Journ:il," writing editorially of her .ippointment to this [xisition, says : " .She is full of love for the cause, a eliarm- injf writer, and a woman of singularly gracious and beautiful personality." Miss Bijfelow resides in Holyoke, Ma.ss. KKV. M.XKV J. HORDKN, President of the New Mexico W.C. I'., was born near Louisville, Ky., July Jisl, 1H47. Later the .^_^^_^^__^__^_— family located near KalaniaxiM), Mich., where she was edu- cated, afterw rds leaching in p, blic and Christian schools. Broad- mimli'd .'ind iimhi- liinis, with a thirst for knowleilgi*, she has bi'i'ii .'111 untir- ing student. .After marri.'ige iind con- siderable travel she located in New Mex- ico, wheie she has bi'eii .'i ri'i*i>gni/i'd leader in reform movement s. I n- spired by the W. C. r. r. "gospel, " she w.is placed at tilt" he.'iil of that work. Being a member of the Ciingregalional l'limch,and passing 'i.alisfactory ex.'im- in.'ilions, she was or- dained as ,1 minister of the gospel. A call t.i a pulpit was extended her, which, in view of broader responsibilities, she did not accept. In the Legislature her influence secured the piissage of an anii-tob.icco law, .md as Ter. Pres. W. C. T. I'., Ter. Pies. Orphans' Home, tlraiul Peputy 1. O. li. T., preacher .iiul lecturer, her time is fully occu- pied in public work. Retiring in disposition, .Mrs. Borden is yet an orator of unusual ability. -An earnest, eloi|uent, m.ignetic sjH'aker, she wins hearts and curies conviction. She advocates Prohibition and ei|u.il siiU'rage. She spoke acceptably lor the Prohibition Parly in Iowa and Colorado. Her husband, B. B. Borden, one son .and two daughters join heartily in .aiding her work, .•ill being strong advocates of woman's cause and Christian Prohibition. THE REV. JAMES STUART ROSS, M. A., D. D., was born in Kingston, Onl., in the year 1H48, his parents, James Ross and Jane Stewart, being natives of Huiulee, Scotland. He was educated at the public school, Fergus, th.- high si'',ool, ^. i» bi> u r g, .''(id V'ii"t\wn ti'iupt'raiu'i' writi'r aiu) Christian wt>i'kt'r, was horn in Moiinl I'lcjiianl. Shi- was fiiuratoil in tlu'Cmr- ncy KrionJs' Sihool o\' hcv iiativr pl.'irr, lalor on taking a partial Chant.'iti- cpian I'oursi', (-mi) spi'nt a short linu* in A. H. Sinipsmi's Missionary Train- ing l-'olli'fji', in Ni'w N'ork I'ity. Shi' was ron'.'orti'd at an I'aily a>ci*, am! hf- I'anii' an artive inonibiT ot'lhi" I'ros- h\li'r:an L'huri-h, woikin^ I'spi'i'ially in romu'ition with t h '' Forfij^n Mis- sionary Sorioty. She ht'^an li'nipiT- anv'f work in I'.arly t^irlhi>i>d, anil has ni'Vi'r ^I'liwn wi'ary ;n llnis wi'll ili>ini^. Shf joini'd till- (.'lootl TiMnpiars anil hlleil several offiirs in that Ordi-r. Duriiifj the jfolden days of the " Muqihy Movement" she was secretary of that orjjanization. In 1888 she bivanie identified with the U'onien's Christian Teni- peranee I'nion, and filled important positions. She was eleeled President of the Ninth Pislriel, seixinn; in that position lor five years. She has written on almost every department of Women's Christian 'reinperaiue I'nion work, :ind many of her addresses have been published. Her pen has been aetive for ye.irs, and not one of her articles has ever been rejected. She is Vice-1'resident of the Ohio Women's Christian Temperance I'nion. .She is an ardent friei\d of the Prohibition I'arly and of the l£i|iial Franchise movement. MRS. LICV II. WASHINC.TON, poet, writer and edu- cator, was born in Whitin;;, \'ermont, and is descended from not- able .New Knjfland ji n i"e s ( ry, d.'itin); back two Imndred ,and fifty years. She i"i>nuni'ni"ed ti'ach- iiiff at fifteen, and lu'r first printed vi'i'ses appi'.'iri'il at the a^e of fourteen. She has written m u c h a n d w i> 1 1 sini'e, twi> volumi's of her poems li;iv- in^ been publislu'il. She ^jr.idnaleil from Clover Strei*t .Seini- n a V y , Koclu'sti-r, ^.'.\'., in iS^6, with tlu* highest lu>nors . <''ier class. .\t the time of her inar- riaj^e she w.as Pre- " ceptress ot' the Col- lej^iate Instituti* at Brockporl, N. V. Shi* ni.'irrii'ii Kev. S. Washin).jton, who has durinjr his pro- fessional life served prominent churches In both Eastern and Western States. He is now pastor in Port Jervis, N. Y. When they resided in Jackson- ville, Illinois, she was made leader of the "Crusade " movement in Ihi't city, and made her first efforts as a public speaker. Since that timi' her voici' has bei*n hi'ard .as an earnest ailvocate of temperance and Prohibitio'i in twenty-four dilTerent States. .She has been prominently identified with the W. C. T. L'. woiU. She took an eiVective part in the jfreat cimpaijjns for Constilulional Prohibition in Iowa .ind other States. One majfazine writ.M" says : " Indeed her sword-in.irks ,ire everywhere almost, that a clear and cojjent voice has runif out the battle cry of ' Down with the .Saloon, up with the Home. " Her address is Port Jervis, N. 'V. MISS MARY Superintendent of m m GARRETT HAY, of Indianapolis, Indiana, the Franchise Department of the Indiana W. C. T. C, and \'ice-Presiilent of the Iniliana "Wo- man's Suffrage As- soci.'ition, w.Ts born in Charlesti>wn, In- ili.'uu'i, .August 29tli, in the year 1 56. She was educated at the Oxford Fe- male Seminarv, O. The missionary spirit of that ex- I'ellent institution took shapi* in her practic.il reform w o r k in h o m e rather than in for- eign fielils. .She is a member of the Pres- byterian Church. She moveil to In- diana in 1881 and entered zealously into the W.C.T.U. work of that city and State. i'Vie was for several years business manager u'istian Temperance the .St.-ite Women's L i>f " The ^>r^.'inizer. L'nion paper, and is Treasurer of the Organizer Publishinj; Company. She was Trea.surer of the Indiana .Stale Women's Christian Temperance L'nion, and Treasurer of the Boaril of Trustees of its Industrial School for (iirls. In 1895 she was made Secretary of the Board of Or^fanizalion at the North Americ'in Woman SuflTrajfe .Association. In 1H84 she became an earnest advocate of the Prohibition Piirty, and has serx'ed lor a time as a member of the State Central Commillee. She pos- sesses a clear grasp ol political questions .md a jfood knowledjfe of political methods, making her a desirable and trusted coun- selor ill Prohibition Party woik. MRS. JENNIE I.. TANNEHILL, of Siloam SpriiiKs, .\rkan- s.is, was born in Pennsylvania, Janu,iry 25th, 1840. Her father, Robert .Sturjfeon, moved to Ohio while she ^vas yet a yi>uth, ;ind there she spent the nuist of her >;'irl- hooil days in school. Till' family moved to Iowa when she w.'is eiy;hteen, anil she was a te.Hcher fi>r some lime. In ^^ ^^ j__ i8(ii she married ■| ^^^ fW C'><)- J- K. Morey, ^^ ^^ ^^ who served four • 4, _ ^ years in the late Mj^l*'^ ^ war, and ilieil in VKi»M^X /B iS£)(). She rem.'iineil ^HR|» ^L^ .-i widow for twenty- ^^^^fekglpP ^^^ one years, devotin>>; time to temper- .ince and benevolent work. In 1886 she w ;t s ma r r i e il to Juil^e Taimehill, of Cenlreville, Iowa. .After her marriage she devoted most of her time to temperance work, serving .'is^^County President of the Women's Christian Temperance Union as long as she remained in the St.ite. She look an active interest in the Medal Contest work, being District President. In 1893 her husband's busi- ness called them to Siloam .Springs, Ark.insas, where they still reside. There she zealously took up Contest work. She has organized and conducted a number of contests, and the good work still goes on. In 1894 she was appointed Superintendent for the State of .Arkansas of the Deniorest Medal C.mlest Bure.iu. She)has been untiring in her effort to spread the principles of Prohibition. PROHIBITION LEADERS. «S KICW JOHN IIKHDON was born Jiiiu- 4, 1H57, in IIiiii- in.iiibv, Yiirksliiri', KnjjI.iml. Joiiiod llu- Baiul of llopi' wlioii but 6 yonrs of ajfo; lias boon a lifo-loiiK tola! abstaiiu'r from stroiij; ilrink, smok- iiiff, swi'arinjf ami g-ainlilini^. At' i,'^ 11 n i 1 1- il with t li !• tiooil TiMiiplars in Hull, KiiKlaiul. In 1X75 lu- li-ft Knjfland for Canada, di'j>i>s- ili-d his rlcaraiuo I'ard willi Whitby l.od^ff, Whitliy, tlnlario. Sinco iHSo ho has bet'n prorni- nt'ntly t'onntn'totl with the Royal Toiiipl.irs of Ti'ai- pt'raiu't', holilini^ tin* olTii'os of (.irand Herald anil (iri'oul X'ii't'-Chaneollor in tin- Clranil Council o f O n t .'I r i o ; a I s o Ooniiniiin Herald in the noininion Coiui- eil, and is one of the charter mem- bers of the Knight I'eiiiplars of Temperance. In 1HK6 lie orjfanized the tirst Gospel Temperance B.md, known as the " Hamilton Helpers." From the first this has been a success, sin>;in){ and speaking; beinj; prominent features of the work. In 1H87 he added a stereopticoii to his work, and lhrou>;li the eye as well as the ear thousands have been led into.i better life. He is a Methodist minister and evanjfelist. About four years .ijjo he com- menced to work for the CJrand l.odjje of Michiffan, clianffinjf the name " Hamilton Helpers" to " Michijfan Good Templar Hand "; was admitted to the Grand Lodge of Michigan as a delegali- in 1892, and the Grand Lodge of Iowa by card in 1894. No better reform work is known than that of Bros. Hebdon and Lee. MK. M. A. LICE was born .it "Moon's St.ilioti," Cbautaii- qu.i County, New York, in .April, 1S54. He .itlended the district school and lieliK-d ill! the farm until he w.is .1 young man grown, and then went to the State Normal at Kre- doiiia. New York. .After li'aving school he taught school i n C h a u t it u t| 11 ;i County. In his boyhootl he ilevel- oped a musical tal- ent, which, with priiper cultivation, woiilil li.ive placeil him .'iniiing tin* foremost musicians i^t' this country. He commenced to play in the "Sincl.'iir- ville Cornet Band," and dually bec.inie its le.ader, which position he held for ten ve.'irs. He suc- cessfully conducted singing classes in New A'ork and I'entisylvani.i during sever.il winters. In;iKK8 be was converted .and joined the Methotlist Church at Sindairville, .and was le.ider of the choir as well as a trustee of the church. In July, 1H89, the Re\'. Jiilin Hebtloii went to Sindairville to contluct meetings, and there met Mr. Lee, who joined the Royal Templars through bis influence. In September, 1S89, they commenced work, and have l.'iboreil together ever since. Mr. Lee first joineil the Good Tem- plai's ill I'Vetlonia, N. A*., anil ag.aln in Gr.and R.apids in 189J. He was admitted to the Grand Lodge of Michigan in 189J, as a dele- g.'ite ; transferrei! his niembei'ship to Clinton, low.'i, in Jan., iJ'94. and joineil the G. L. of Iowa by card in 181)4. He has a very in- teresting family, .a tiaiighter being especially gifted in music, &c. REV. C. CAREY WILLETT, A. M., l>ii. D., the eHicienl and popular pastor of the Carey Centennial Baptist Church, Kowleiville, Michi- I gan, is a native of Lngl.iTul. He was born at I'iddington, .Northamptonsliire, Feb. 4tli, 1855, and is related, through his matern.al ances- try, to William C.irey, the gre.it missionary pliilan- throphist. Beford he re.iclieil the age of .'I years he w:is I'.'illeil to the mini- stry in the B.iptisI Church, .Mid emi- grated to .\nierica in 1874. The next few years he h;id inarkeil sueiress in Missionary work in the Province of On- tario. He studied theology in Toronto Baptist College, .md medicine at the Detioil College ot Meilicine, ami Toledo .Medic.il College, lakuig .1 posl-gi.ulu.iu- course in I'hiloso- phy and Christian Evidences during four ye.irs of his present pas- torate at Fowlerville. He ha:, net with very encouraging success in connection with bis present pastoral work] His published works are now numerous and well-known. He has taken a leading in- terest ill the University Extension movement. He is a pioneer in •hat iniportanl work in the L'nited Stales. He was Secretary, and one of the first examiners of the first .National Council of University Extension and Home Culture, but relimiuished those duties to succe.ssfully carry out his project of erecting the Memor- ial Church to William Carey. He was one e*" ;lie incorpoialors .ind Hres. of the Board of Trustees of the Chicago Holvlechnic Institute. MRS. AMY KELLOGG MORSE was born at Lake Mills, Wisconsin, in the year 1853. F.avorable hereilitar_\' influences weie a ruggeil and worthy New \'ork slock on both sides, .and rUt'i- atui Ifi'tiirtTt was hiirn in AHVi'd, Alli'iihaiiv C'ouiilv, N. v., IVi-. ijlii, iHiq. l''itly-M"Vi'M years ajfo In- ruaiU' tlu* tifst ti'inpi'i-- aiu"o .'I il il !■ I' s s ill StiHilu'M County. Shift* ihal time his tjil'ts as a public speaker have been ei>nstantly e.xer- eisetl. He has pi^eaeheil about ,^ooo si'rnu>ns in tlie loeahty where hi' was born unci still i't*sides, besidiv. somi" thousands of lather atidresses i>n Teniperanee anil kindred subjects. Hi' is a ini'niher ot the National Prohi- bition I.eelure Rur- eau, and has ilone veteran work, I'on- dnetintj revival nii'etinij^s, i>n the Tenipi'rani'e plat- form, in till' pulpit, and I'lsewhere. \o man is bi'tter known in his own I'ounty, anil probably no other voiee has beeti si> loii,y and so t'amiliarly kiunvn to sueh a laiye mniiber of the people. .Some ye.'irs a^o, at a Statt' Pri»liibilioii Coiui'iitioii, lu'lil in Syrai-usi', a reipiest was ni.ide to all those who li.iil voted the I'rohibition tii ket ten ye;irs previousK' to statui up. A l.'iri;'i' niniilier ri>si\ Tlieii a I'all was iiiaile for thosi' who had voteii the tieket (ifti'en years, and there were twenty to respond. A linal eall w.is then m.ide for those of twentv vears, and Hi*. Rurtliek was thi' iinly one to rise of the tliousanils present. In .answer to where he seeiired a i'ro- hibition tieket that far back he promptly ;ind characterislic.illy replied : " I wrote it out myself anil put it in tin* balli>t box." Mk.S. Ki.lZ.MfKTII t. . L'lnpl.'ir, Inilepi'iiili'iil l>rili'r DWK.M'OKT, (Irand Vice- liootl Teinpl.'irs i»f Ni'w N'ork St.ite, Ih'Ioii),'s to a family nearly every member of which lias bei'ii not I'll for ili'i'p iiiti'ri'st ;inil zeal in all that per- t.'iins t o Temper- .•ince .'ind Kelifjioiis work. Shi' w .'i s bun in (ilenvllle, Schi'iii'i'l.'ulv Coun- ty, .New N'ork St.ite, on the .••;tli d.iy of September, in the year i^ijfa. .She h.is been an active member of the I'ro- hibition Party sinci* its I'arliest I'xist- ence, atteniling" its St.'iti' C'onventions anil lenilin^ her .aid to its advancement and success in every way in her power. .She has lieen County Secre- t.'irv of till' Clood Templars for t wi'Ive consei'utive years ; Connt\' l>eputy two years, and Chief Vice- Templar. In her snborilinate lod^fe she has filled every office from Sentinel to Chief Templ.ir .and l.odife Deputy, and li.is been a ri'pri'seut.'itivi' .at ni';ii'i\' every County .Session, ;inil .at the latter body w.is elected ,i deleif.ite to the St.ite Cn.ind l.odi;e. She has •also been .an .active .ind ze.ilous member of the W. C. T. L'., a te.icher in the Suiulay School, and a member of the .Methodist Kpiscop.'il Churiii. She has bi'eii ,a I'ontributor to. a county Pri^lii- bilion p.aper lor \ears. Ou t^ct. jbtb, iSi)2, she w;is niarrieil to S.anuu'I 1^. n.'ivenpoi t, .an .activi' workinj^' Ctooil Templar, iif Knox, .Mb.iny County. .At their home, "Kim Row," they .ire alw.iys j;lad to extenil hospit.ility to .all co-workers in nior.il .and social reforms. MISS KI.IZABKTH PRKSTON, President ol the State Women's Christian Temper.ance I'liion of Ni>rtli D.akot.a, was born .at IVcatur, Inilian.a, on .\pril .lytli, iS6i. Her pa- ternal .ancestors were tjuakers, anil her m.'Ltern.at an- cestors were sold- iers. Her father, Rev. Elam S. Pi e- - ton, li.as been thy ni'ai'ly forty ve.ars a faithful minister in the .Methodist Kpiscopal Church, .and has done much towaril exlentiiiiLf .and building up Mi'thoilism in Inili- .an.a. Miss Pivston was educated .at Kort Wayne Col- lejfe, IVP.auw I'lii- versily .and the Cni- versity of Minne- -sol.a. Shi' ci>m- inenced teaching; in hi'r fiftei'ntb \'e.ar, anil spent her life in the school room, as pupil or teacher, unlil she enti'red the work of thi' Tem|>erance Reformer. She is a member of the .Metho- dist Episcopal Church, also a member of the Prohihilion Party, .and has been .active in the work of the .SufVr.aije, White Cross, Women's l'"oreijfn Missionary -Society, and Wo- men's Christian Temperame Union societies. For the past six years her entire time h.as been jfiven to thi* temper- .ance work. Miss Preston has acted as an orffani/.er, lec- turer and evanffelisi for State Women's Christian Temper.ance Union of North Dakota, and later as its President. She takes jfreat inleri'sl in anylliin^f perlaiiiinjf to teniper.mce. llei ad- dress is Cassellon, N. D. PROF. IIKR.MO.N C. FORD, Pit. R., w.is born at Loiif? Run, W. \'a.. May .ytb, iS6i. .\t eijjbteeii he left home with but sixty-five cents in his pocket, and workeii in the lum- bi'i" waiotis until he earned sullicient to take a business course, .\fter loni- pletinjf I his he iiept boiiks tor nearly five \'e.'irr;, ;mii1 tlii-n entered .Alfri'd l^ii- v.isitv, .Alfred, N. \'. In two years, realizing that his money would not hold out he ex- plained his circuni- st.'iui'i's to Presidi'iit .Allen, who ).fave him till' position t>f bell boy and jani- tor ol' thi' ch.api'l, which he held until lii^. ^;r.ailualion in i.Si)o. Ill' became a Christian at the atje of 15. When be cast his first b.al- iot in 1884 it was for John P. St. John anil the Prohibition P.irty ticket. In 1888 he w.is in the tent cam- paiffii, in Allegany Co., N. Y., for F'isk and Brooks. In i8q2 be was the Pioliibllion candiilate for Assemblyman in the second dis- trii't of .Steuben Co., N. \'. In 188^ he became a cb.arter member of P. A. Uurilick I.odKC, I.O.C.. T., :'it Alfred, N. Y., and has stead- ily worked his way up tbrouffh the Order, until be was elected Cir.ind Councilor at the Cuand Lodge of iSi);^, beinjf re-elected ill 1894. He has been in the field .as Grand Lod>fe Lecturer since. i8q,i. He was married to Emma J. Talbot, of Ilornellsville, N.Y., in 1893. Mrs. Ford is an .active temperance worker, and is now Co. S. of J. T. They have one child, a little jfirl. PROHIBITION LEADERS, 17 R. n. Ml CI.KNON, A. M.. O. C. T. ..f I. O. O. T. of Soiilh Dakol.i, wiis biini at Kiatiklin, N. V'., in 1H5J. Hi- was >ci"'l"- aU'd I'roni Williams C'olU'Ufi- in 1S7H, and has sim'f folUnvfil loarliinjjwith niaik- I'd siui'i-ss. In 1SS2 111" inarriod Adi-liiu' W'liili', a N'assar ^;iadnaU', who in- lu'iitfd a di'VolioM Ii> priiu'ipU* whirl) has niailf liiT an alili* assistant to lu'r luishanil. Ho bt'- v-anu' a (iootl 'I'tMii- plai- wlu-n 15, walk- ing 6 milt's to his lotlt^tMiU't'tin^s. lit' liist itlfnlitiftl him- sflf with thf Prohi- bition faust' in iSSt), lilt' yt'ar that Somh Paktita ailoptt'il t.'onstilutii>nal I'l'tv hibitltin, anil hi* was atlivf amid thf To r f I' s working in bfhalf of that anii'mlnii'iit, with- out nt'>;lt't'tinij;' thf tliitii's iti pi'int'ipal I'f Sioux Kails lli^h School. Some of the friends of the saloon di'lormini'tl to drivf him frt>m that cilv on affoinit i'^f the siirfi'ss of his It'mpi'iani'i' wt>rk. A pi'tition, si^nt'tl by i'Mt'v pnpil in tlu' Hit;"h Si-hoiil anti a lar^t* nninbt'r oi' i-iti/tMis, was si'nt ti> thf Sf hool Uoarii, askinj.^ that hf bf rftainfd, bat bfloiv aftioii loiild bf takfti hf was oflt'rfd thf siipf riiUf ntlf nf y i'*( the fity sfluiols at Mailison, S. P., whifh hf afffptfd and now holds. In iSi)4 thf Prohibition Parly of South l^akota nontinatt'il him tt>r Statf Supf rintftulf nl of SfIioi>ls. He is a man of sfholarlv attainnu'uts, inoilfst. anil imassumin^ in manner. .Vs a public speaker he is lojfical and convincing. MRS. KI.IZA J. CRAY Is the peer of any Ohio woman in the peculiar char.icteristics which fi^fure so lar^fely in the make-up of a successful \V. C. T. I', woman. She was born of sturdy New Knf;- land ancestry, the second daiiKhtf r of SamufI H. and I.ouisa Root. Hfr education was be- fjun in the public schoi>l,andbas been supple nienlfd by painstaking self- culture all her life. .\t 16 years of ajfe she commenced leachiii);, but at 19 niarrictl James G. Gray, then an In- structor in Kolsom's Coinnif rcijil Ci>l- lege, Cleveland. She is the mother ofthreecbildren. .At the time of the Cru- sade Mrs. Gray was livinjj in Michijfan, and enKiiffed ac- tively in the work there. Movinir a little later to her prcsfiu honif, .Medina, O., she has for fi^fhtci n \'fars bffii prominently associated with the St.'ite W.C.T. V. wt>rk. She sfrvfti as Statf 'I'ri-as. tlirff and a half years, has been State Supt. of the I.iteralurf Dfpartnifiit many years, also holdinjf the olhcf of District or County Prcsidfnt almost continuously. She has been a most cfticient superintendent of the Oemorest contests in Ohio, and only retired rfccntly on account of failing health. DurinfT all these years she has been a supporter of the Prohibition Party, bcarinj; criticism ami social ostracism with a remarkable Christian spirit. With time and money at her disposal, she uses them for the advancement of the cause to which she has given herself. It Lon^r with but ■ents in and he lum- until be icii-nt to iness • corn- he liept nearly nil ihfii •d I'ni- ■tl, N. years, It his ailil not hf ex- circum- .itlfnt j;-;ivf lion of .1 jani- hapfl. Id until tion in bffanif It thf Whfii list b.il- it was St. John lit cam- Si)j hf ■iiiii liis- iiu'mbf r s stf.'id- elected ected in 'r since. ■, N.Y., is now MRS. MARY CI.EXKI.AN'O I.KA\ITT, popularly known 'Round the World Missionary" of the W. C. T. I'., was born ill Ilopkinton.N. H., Sept. .Jjiul, l^*30. She is of Puri- tan descent. Hei fathfi*, Rfv. Joshii.'i Clement, was ;i pre .'iclu'r ami pastor t'ov 53 yf.'irs. .Stif hail f xcfllfiit e.arly eihicational ailvan- tajfcs, and was ;i succfssliil tfachcr in B ■ ton for many Vf .*' .. She w.-is coii- V f !■ I f il in f a r I y cliililliootl, anil is a menibf r o f t he C t» n jjrejj^at ion.'il Church. She sii;:neil .'I ti^tal-abstinence pletij^e in iH^d. She assistfti in forniin_y: thf W. C. T. r. lif Massafhusftts and also of Roston; w.is Pifsident of thf Huston W.C.T. I'., a nifmber of the M.issacluiselts Kxe- cutivt*, ami Later was appointtnl Nalionaljl.ectiircr anil Or>;;inizer. She was madf the first National Supeiiiilendfiit of the franchise nepartnient. At the first Convention of the W. C. T. U., heltl in Boston in November, iStji,shewas clecteil Hon. Life Presidfiit. In 1S84 she sailed from San I'r.ancisco on her " round tlu* wtirkl " mis- sionary work. .She h.is visitfd thf six Grand Hivisions of the world, lecturing and org.anizin^ in all of I hem, .and in nearly every country. She returiifd in Jiiiif, iHcji.and continues lecturinj; and preaching lo tlit' present time. .\s ;i public speaker anil lecturer she is well known and popular, having been everywlifif Wfll rf- ceived. I Kr address is Boston, care of Kidder, Peabody & Co. CAPT. J. K. CLEC.HORN, of Clinton, one of the most prominent Good Tfm|ilais aiitl Prohibition Party workers in Wis- fonsin, was born in the Province of On- tario. His parents moved to Illinois .ihilf he was quite young. He was edu- cated at Beloit Col- lege, iuid studied law in Chicago, and w;is admitted to the Bar in March, 1861. A month later he anlistf d as a private n the Twentieth I'linois X'olunteer Il tantry, ,'ind saw a gi od deal of active sei 'ice during the civi' war. He was sev.ral times womijed, and has siiffei ed a good dc; I in b since in cor e. H e wat ral times pronu.w J and was a captain in the U. S. army, and retired by reason of his wininds in Decem- ber, [1870.^ He began the practice of law in Chicago, and lost fVf rytliing ;it thf tinif of thf gifat lire in that city in 1871. He afterwards was in business in Manstin, Wis., and finally moved to Clinton, wherf hf now ifsiilfs. He has taken a prominent position in the Good Templar Oriler, not only in his local lodge, but in the Granil Lodge of thf Slate, and in the International Supreme Lodge. He was for three terms G. C. T. of Wiscon- sin, and had then to decline re-election because of bad health. He joined thf Prohibition Party in 18H1, and has been .1 delegate to several of the National Conventions. He has been the nomi- nee of the party for Governor of the State. ■--t- i8 PROHIBIT ION LEADERS. RKV. JOHN lANSI-OUI) IMC KKNS. I'li.l)., I.l..n., I'resi- dont of Hothel Colli'>;f, McKiMirie, Tenii., is a nalivr nl' Gibson Co., in lliat Stall', liorii in i8(>o. His falluT, KobiTt O. niiki'ns, was born in Noilli Carolina in iSj^, and died in |S()4, liMvinj; llio small boy lo be ri'.iri'd bv liis nioth- i-r, .MaryM.Oiikoy, .'I n.'itivL' ol' TiMini's- st'o, ,a woman oi' strong will powiT, oxi'i'lloMl ih.ir.ioUT anil ji-oi>d jutl^- mi'nl, who wi'll laii^jlil liim to lovi' tlio Uiglit .ind ball- till" W'ron^. Ho ro- I'l'ivftl his I'liura- tii>n prini'ip.'ilU' .'il Bfthol e'olloKO, Ti'im. Till' follow- ing iloj^ix'os ha VI' sini'o boon oon- forri'd upon bim, wbiih woU inili- I'.iti's bis position: A. B., by Botbol Collojfe, Tonnes- see, i86g; B.O., Cumberland Cniversilv, Tenn., 1884; A.M., Me- Kendreo ColleKO, 111., 18H5; Ph. D., Cuinberland Cnivorsity, 1887; LI..n., Butler I'nivorsity, Indian.i, 1841. He was married in 1879 to .Miss MaltieTiner, who died in 181)^. He b.is t.uij^ht in loUejjes ton years. One year be was I'res. of Trinity L'ni\ ersily, Texas; two years of Qu.anab College, Tex;is, ,'ind is now in his fourth ye.ar as I'res. of Bethel Collejje, (Co-edueation.ill, MiKonzie, Tenn. Hois a Cumberland I'resbyterian, a Mason, a K. 1'., ;ind .i I'rohibitionist. His work for Prohibition has been prineipally done in the pulpit and in the sebi>ol-roi>nt. Bein^ .an e.arnest worker, be retains the respect and confidence even of those whose business be antagonizes. JOSEPH OIBSON, the well-known postmaster and Prohi- bition champion of the thriving town of liigersoll, Ont., was born in Cheshire, Knjf. , Nov. 22nd, 184J. Hi' e.'ime e.arly to C.in.'ida,.ind h.is be- I'onie I borough ly aeelimated and n.ituralized. He w.as married Dec. loth, |8(K), lo Je.in- elle Bueh.an, and, like most men, owes much ot his st.abil- ilv .and sui-ei'ss in lifi' li> the inlhii'iu-i* .'mil J.J001I counsels of his wife. He was in business as ,a tr.ider for some years at Injjersoll, .and w.as .appointi'd postm.'isler bv the Dominion tiovi'rn- meiil, a position which he now holils. He is a 11 a c t i v e mem be r o f t li e .MelhodisI Church, and a well known .'mil popular' locd prci'ii'lier. He b;is been a lay delej<:ate to the leadinif .Methodist Conferences for years past. He h.'is been .an ,'ictive member oi' llu* Conservative P.arty, .and was its e-nididate for the representation of the South Ridinjf of Oxford in the House of Commons in 1878. He b.'is been a mem- ber of the Injj^ersoll Council and .Mayor i>f the li>wn. He is known, however, better .'is .'in .'i^^ressive Prohibition I'.'impai^ner than in any other capacilv. I'Vnv men h.'ivi' ^re.'iter ze.al in this cause ; few men h.'ive tli>ne more effei'tivi* camp.'ii^n work in its beh.'ilf. His reput.'ition extends all over the Province in this connection. Years a)^i>, when the I')inikin .\cl camp.'ii^ns bec.'ime so general .ami so ex- citinj^, he was found as one of its ablest ch.ampions in ili'b;ite. m HERMAN PRESTON FARIS was born in Bellefontaine, O., Dec. JS, 1858, beinjj the son of Samuel D. Karis and S.aiah Plumer Preston. In 1859 he remi>ved to Eastern K.'insas, ne.'ir I,.'i wreni-e. I'Vom th;it plai'C he went to Clititon, Mo., in 1867, and, with the exception of one ye.'ir, h.as lived there ever since, adv.'incinj; ffiadually from an office bov to bis pi'csent position of treasurer ;ind m.an- .'ij^er of :i larjje trust c o m p .1 n y . I le wiis m.'irried in Trinidad, Col., in April 1880, to Miss Atl.'i W'intei's, and has three children. He is .a rulintf elder in the Presbyterian Church. He w;is secret.'iry of the Prohibition Sl.'ite (."ommittee until im- able to fcive the time he deemed neces- sary to the work, when he resi^fned, but is still a member of the Committee. In 1893 he orifjinated and orjfanized what is known as the " -Anti-Saloon .\rmy," to fill the " lonj^-felt want" of an ttrj^anization bro.ad enough to include all saloon opposers. He has been a fearless and tireless saloon opponent, often driving; from 25 to 5,0 miles, and delivering; two or three ad- dresses on the same day. Although havinjf limitei. time and only a conuiion school education, he has the natural aliility to command attention, is a fluent and inferestinx speaker, .and has delivered addresses in many of the States, from Maine to Cali- fornia. GEORGE BOOKER SWEETNAM, son of .M.itthew and Sophia (Mcl.e.'iii) .Sweetn.am, was born at Kin>fston, Onl., March i.V i86s. His father is Chief P. O. In- spector of C.'in.'ul.'i. He was I'dui'.'ited .'It the Toronto .Model School anil Colleg'i- .'Ui' Institute, .'uiil by priv.'ite tutoi's. In 1884 be entered the Dominion I'ivil ser- vii'i' .'mil w.'is ,at- t ,1 c bed to his fathers staff. He is an adherent of 1 h e M e t h o d i s t Churi'b, .'ind seems to have l.'iken no active part in poli- tics. He is a mem- ber of the .Amei'ic.an .Association for the .■\ d V .a n c e m e n I of Si'ience. He has t.'iken .1 lively inter- est in Kennel Club affairs. .\ life-long abstainer, Mr. .Sweetnam has been closely identified with the C.an.adian Temper.ance Leag;ue since its ini'cption, .and h.'is ,ablv filled most of its important offices. Whilst chairman of its educational work he introduced a unique, orig'inal .and effective system of temper- .ance education for the benefit of its members, establisheil an excellent temperance library, and introduced the gold medal, awarded yearly by the I,eague to the pupil in the Toronto public schools passing the most successful examin.ation in temper.ance and hygiene. l..-ist year he was secret.ary of the League's Sun- d.ay afternoon Pavillion meetings. He is a good speaker, and makes a specially of leaching scientific temperance, accompanied by chemical illustrations. % ^ PROHIHITION LEADKRS. •0 PATRICK MONAC.II.W, born al Syiliu-y, Ca|H- Rn-toii, Nova Srolia, i>l' Irisli parcnl>., I'atriik Monajclian ami Hiiduft Walsh, A UK'. 1)1 1'. |8.'S, was cdiuatod al Halifax, wluMi- lu" has rt'siili'tl siiu'i* S.'pl., iSjK. In ro- liniiin 111' is a Koiiian t'alluilic. Mis lil'i- as a t iMnptTantT m.in has bii-ii very ai-livi' ami sm'ft'ss- lltl U> llu' I'.'lllsi'. Ih' took Ihi- liX.-il ahsliiu'iu'i* plfil^t* ami hi'iallU' a im'lll- lu'f of St. M.irv's ,U. C.) Total .\b- stiiu'tu'i' Si>t-ifty, j.in. ■\i, 1H41. Ho joiiu'il I ho S. of r. ill iH^i} : hoo.anio <'i monihiM of (.iratui nivisioii in 1K5J ; was ('•I'.-tiul Sontinol in iH,S.V4 i C'liaiul Soi il'o, 1 ,s(>lo i^fy.?, anti w.as oU-ototl Cir :i n tl W o r I h y Palriaivh in iSHy. In t h o s o o h i v f oflici-s ho did nmoh to build up and oxiond tin- (.Irdor. Ho has boon sovoial tinios ;i ropivsont.ilivo to tho \;itic>n;il Division. As Vioo-I'rosidont of tho Dominion Alliamo .iml Sooy. ol llio \. S. Hranoh for sovoial years, ho aidod niuoh it) tlu' adoption of tho SootI Aot in sovoral oountios. .As Ch;iirni;in or St'oy. of \;ii'ious i-oinmiltoos, tViun I'S^,; to 18K6, he assislod in obtaininj; Looal Option .and olhor amondnionls to the I.iconso I.aw. "'owas lonnootod odilori.illy with tho '• .Vb- slainor," offioial orjfan ,if Iho S. of T., and .idiniltodly tho host toni- peranco p;i|»t'r in tho Prt>vini'o, t"or ninoti'on yo.'U's, initil ab.andonod in 1874 aftor a ho.ivy linanoi.d loss. Ho was appointed Secretary of the Ro',.-il Commission on the Liquor Tr.'iflie in 189J. MRS. A. M\RTAI. BI.AKKI.V, of Winnipcff, Man., well known throu^fhout the Doin. of Can. as an .able temperanoe writer and worker, was boi*n in Riehinoiid Hill, O n I . , the dauffhter of Abra- h;im L.awamI Kliita- both Kliriok. She w;is m.arried in i8{reat success in juvenile temperance work, and con- ducted the first ffold medal contest in Manitoba. She represented the Dominion W. C. T. I', at the World's Con^fress of Represen- tative Women in ChicajfO in 1893, and was one of the speakers at the Conifiess. She is a member of tho Kxecutivc of the Dominion .Alliance, of the Grand Lodjje of (iood Templ.irs, .and of the Royal Templars. She is a member of the Methodist Church. MRS. ALICE A. MINICK, Counselor-at-Law, of Beatrice, Nebraska, and a well-known reformer, was bom in Genoa, \. Y., March 2, 1844. Her father, David l.ock- woiul, was <'i schol- .ar, ;i n.atural or.ator, .and possessed rare musical talent. He took p.irt in many jiolitic.'ilcampaij^ns. She was m.aiTied to Capt. John S. Min- ick in 1865, who dieil twenty years later. Her life has been marked with enerj^y ;iiul intlus- try. in 1888 she i'ommenci'd the stud of law, bein}j the first wom.in to rei4;ister as a stu- ilenl in Lincoln L.aw CoUi'gt*, which was made .a department of the Slate L'ni- versily ol' Nebras- ka. In i,S9J she was admitted to practii-e, bein^ the second woman in the Slate admitted in the C S. Circuit Ct^urt. She joined the G. Templ.-irs in 1859, and maintainsan .active interest in the cause and Order, though so much enjfafced in other reform work. She represented the (Irand l.odjje of her State at the Int. Sup. Lod^je, held in Edinbur>;b, .Scotland, in 1891, and durinjj her trip spoke in many of the leadini; cities in England and .Scollantl. Site is a thorouj^h Prohibitionist, an advo- cate for co-eiliication, for ei|u;il fr.mchise, for the Government own- injif and controlling the r.ailroails, telejjraphs, telephones; and muni- cipal corporations owninjj the linhlinj^^, water .and street railway services, thereby ^'utlin>f off itidividu.al competition, and defeating the strike system, now so prevalent and injurious. REV. J. H. DIRKEE, thou>;h born in Yarmouth, N. S., is of New England ancestry. He received his jjencral and clas- sical education at the r schools of Yarmouth, and at the College at N,ew Hampton, New Hampshire, and his theological training at Kates College, Maine. .After his ordination 10 the Free Baptist ministry be held pas- torates at Meredith and Newmarket, and established ;i church in Halifax, Nova Scotia, travi'ling over the entire Province soliciting funds. He then went to Central New York, and was pastor at Phojnix and Pike. .About eleven years ago he went to Batavia, where he has since resided. A church edifice has been erected and pro- perty valued at ten thousand dollars has been purchased dur- ing that time. He has three times been elected"7a''delegate to the General Con- ference, the highest body in his church ; was for several years editor of the "Journal," and has been for many years trustee and treasurer of the Association to which he belongs. He became a member of the I. O. G. T. when a mere boy ; has been C. T. in his own lodge; County C. T., and is now Grand Chapain. He is an enthusiastic and uncompromising Prohibitionist, and in that work has spoken in many counties in New York State. He has been four times a delegate to the State Convention. He is at present editor and publisher of the "Geneseean," the Genesee County Prohibition Party paper. 80 P R O H I H rr I O N LEADERS. JAMKS ADIN FIELD, of St. Louis. Mo., 'a wrll-known educ!iU>r and tt'inpfraiuo workt-r, was born ii» IVlawaiv C'ountv, Ohio, Aiix. j(>, 1 8.(1. Ills lilV work lias lii'oti^ht him tiMirh in i'i>nlarl I'sjuvially wit h young MUM1, ami ho lias usrd all prat'tiial i'fTt>rts 10 li'ail tlu'in into tiu- paths of teiiipiT- anoi'. Karly in lid' hi* orj^a ni zod a youtliful TrinptT- anri- Sortrtv, sf- I'uivd a lihr.iry anil fittod up a ivailin^ mom, thus hi-lping^ to ki'i'p ils nu'nibfi away from tippling- assoi'ial ions, lie was for several y oars suporinton- donl of .'I larj^o 00m- nioroial ot>llo);o at tlio I'apilal oi' Iho Stato, and aflor- wards Prosidont of a ohain of similar Oiilloji'os. In all thoso ho org^ani /od total abstinonoo so- cieties among the students. A number of young men wore thus reformed. He was a membor o\' the Sons o\' Tomperaneo and the Good Templars, in both oi' whioh lu' diil a gooil work. He was oonvertod at ii, and beoame ;in aotivo membor a\' Iho M. E. Church. He was soon after eleotod Suporintoiulont o\' a Sunday Sehool and has held that position almost eonstantly for over 40 years. Wo has endeavored tti organize tomperaneo soeietios in all bis schools. He was a delegate to the M. K. Clen- eral Conference in iKqj. Wc was tmanimoiisly I'bosen Prosidont of the Anti-Lii|uor League o\' Missouri when it was first organized, and has HUotl that position cvcv since. \\v lives in St. Louis, Mo. MRS. LKTITIA VOCMANS has been for years the best known of Canadian women in connection with the Temperance and Prohibition mi>ve- monls. She was born nearCobourg, J.'inuary, 1H27, the ilaughter of John Croigbton, an in- ilustrious and intel- ligent farmer. She ri'ci'iveil a liberal educa t ion in her girlhooti, and was, for some years a succosful teacher in leading Lad ies' A c a d o m i o s. I n iH^t) she was mar- ried to Arthur \'ou- mans, Ksi)., a well- known farmer ami mill-owner near Piclon, where w.'is her home until after bis death, which oc- curred in iHH*. In 1 868 there w.is :in exciting campaign for a Dunkin Act Prohibition Hy-law for Prince Kdwanl County, oi' which Piclon is the county town. Her heart became strangelv warmed in this work, ami in her zeal she began to speak in public. Her (ame soon spreatl all over Caii.ada as ;i plattorm oi'ator, anti until 1S8S, when her health broki* down completely, she was in constant demand wherevei Prohibition camp.'tigns vvere being carrietl on. Thous.'inds o\' Canailians were rouseil to a sense o\' the importance of their tluly ir consoijuenco of her o;irnost and logical appeals. H*'r autobiography, "Campaign Kchoes," with an inlrt>duction by Frances Willard and Lady Heiny Somerset, is a work of rare inter- est and nuich v.ilue. Its price is$i per copy. Address the author, 19 Metcalf St., Toronto; two editions have already been published. « S'. AGNES K. SAI'LKY, Grand Siipl. of Jiivi-nili- TempU's, I. O. G. T., lor Minnosotn, was born at Red Oak Grovi', Ci-dar (.'oiiiity, la. Hvv pari'iits, RoliiMt Satloy and Holi'ci Kairbairii,\vi'rt'bi>tli Siotch. Shi' was ftltu'ati'ilat Iht* piib- lii' si'lu>ols, at i.\ii-- m-ll C'ollojfi', Mt. W'riioii, and by pri- valt' study. .SIu' t.iiij^hl, lornnuMU- in^ at si'vtMiti'tMi, tor twiMity years in Iowa, two years In Wiseonsiii.and then si'ttleii in L\>tton- wood Co., .Minn., wliere, alter teaeli- inj;- two years, she was eleeted County Superintendent of Seiiools, whieh posi- tion she hi'ld four yi'ars. She is.aniiMn- l)er of the Presby- terian Chureli, anil of the I. O. G. T. She has held var- ious oHiees in snb- ordin.'ite I o it ^e s , those of D. C. T., D. S. J. T., .ind D. Lecturer and Dr^anizer in District Lodge. In Grand Lodg'e she is now serving her seventh term as G. S. J. T. .She Is also ;i member of the W. C. T. U., and has held the ollices of Local, County and District President. .She was State Supt. of the Depl. of School Savings Hanks one year, and orlffinated the Idea of savinjfs banks in connection with the J. T. in the I. O. G. T. She is I'resident of the Wdnians Relief Corjis. Her work for Prohibition has been mainly the education of children In the principles of total abstinence and Prohibition. She was one of the County .Snpts. of Schools to introduce the work of scientific temperance Instruction into the schools of Minnesota. .\LKRKD H. HACKUS, an ardent and rlsin>f member of the Good Templar Order, w.is born In the town of Carlton, Mlini., Keb. 4, 1K76. His father. Rev. J. K. V. Hackus, Is well known In the history of the temperance movement as oni- o f the o r i >f i n ;i 1 founders of the I. O. tt. T. in Ci-ntr.al New \'ork in 1851 , an organization which h.is since been siiccessfullv planted In every part of the c I v I i i z e il world, ;ind has been the instrument, wr h God's blessing", i>f recl.'iiming' thons- anils, and itt' I'llu- c.itlng and equip- ping: lens of thous- aiuls In the princi- ples of temperance and Prohibition. His yonnffest son early followed in his father's foot- steps as a promoter In this j^ri-at oriran- Izallon. When bin a young boy his parents moved to .New S'ork State, and while pnrsning his academic studies at Rome, N. Y., he was aw.irded .1 first prize lor the best essay on the Injurious elTects of tob.icco. M the age of 16 he became County .Secretary of Oneida County Lodge, 1. O. G. T., and conlinued'to fill that position imlil his popularity ami success as a public speaker were the means of calling ijim out into the field as a Lecturer and Or- ganizer for the Order. He has seen splendid results from Ills efforts in Ibis liiieof duty. Though still young lie has been listened to with marked attention, and has wc ;he conlidence and respect of all with whom he has thus been brought Into contact. ■■* PROHIBITION LEADERS. SI KKV. JOSEPH DAVKNPORT MIl-I-AKP, A.M.. of Pl.as- .uil.in, .M.inisli-.' Couiilv, Mkli., w;is horn in \V,i!shin>flon Coinily, O., J.ui. i.s, iHjb. II is paii'iils wen- Ji>st'ph Tillin^^hf'iHt Millai'il, :i iialivi- of Kliodi' Island, .ukI l.auii.i W.irifn, ilo- sriMuli'il from lUv n.'i\i'iipi>r'ts of ca'-Iy .\fw I'jijfl.iiul col- onial history. Born i n p o V •• r I y , h i' workodhis own w.iy llirou>;h llir pro- p;itatory, i'olU'>ci;ito and ihoolo^iral dc- parlrnt'nls oi Ohfr- iin Colloffo, Ohio, ^radnalin^ in arts in iK^H, and in lhoolo>fy in 1K61. Knlirinj^ Iho minis- try t>f till' i.\>ntcro- ^ational C'luirrli in iWij, ho w.'is p.astor at W'.'ii'oust.'i, Ploas- anton, Kranktiirt, and a>;;iiM at I'li-as- .■iruon, all in Michi- gan, until failing health compollcd iiim to ivliro in i8t)i. Tho period of his two pastor.itfs at I'loas- anton tofjcthor ainonnti-d to ahout twenty years. In early years he was associated with the I.iherty .md Free Soil politii-.al parties, ■ iml joined the Kepnhlican p.irty at lis or^fanization. Despairinj; of iiei'ded reforms, chief amonjf them I'rohihilion, heiiijf seemed tliron^fh that p.irty, he left it in 1884, .iiul joined the I'rohihition I'arlv. In the succeediii)^ election, in i!ie I'rohihilion amendment cainpaijfii of iHKy, ;ind the election of iHUS, he ti>ok an active part. In iHHH and ajfain in iHcjj he w.is the I'rohihition candidate for the State l.effislatiire. He. always spoke feailessly on heluilf of temper- ance, I'rohihition, and political and national rijjhteonsnoss. MR.S. MAY R. DICKSON TIIORM.KY, of London, Onl., President of the Ontario W. I'. T. l'., was horn in nrunnnond- ville, Sept. 18,1851, the daujfhter of the Rev. Cleorjfo .\. A. K. T. Pick- son and .Mrs. Kaniiy Haker Dickson. Her father was a wi>ll -known find m iich-rt's pe c ted Methodist minister, who tOi>k an active interest in all tem- perance .and C'hris- li.in work. She was educated at Hamil- ton I.jidies' Collejfc and Victoria L'ni- veisit; , Cobonrjf. .She was married to Mr. Joseph H. Thortiley, (now de- ceasi'il) of Phil.adel- phia, .md spent her in.'irried life mainly ■It Oi'ean llrove, N. J., where she first united with the W. C. T. I'., and also became an active sympathi/er of the Prohibition Parly. Her residence is now in London, Ont. Her work for years past has been principally with the W. C. T. U., tlioutfh she is also a member of the Royal Templars of Temper- ance, and an active member of the Methodist Chinch. She has been six times elected President of the London \V. C. T. L'., which position she now holds. She was elected President of the Province of Ontario \V. C. T. I'., in t'halhain in |K<)_V .md still occupies th.il position. For ye.irs she was the principal con- tributor of the W. (.". T. V. department of the London "Home Cluaid.' The \V. C T. I', of Ontario have good reason to be proud of their elhcient President. Minn., C). His . J. K. is well he history iperance one 1 >; i n .1 1 the 1.0. Central in 1851, i/at ion ; since •ssfully 'ver\'p.irt I V i i i z e d h;is been -nt, wi h sing', of t h o u s - of edu- id eijuip- f tlu>us- ' princi- iper.-mce i bit ion. tjest son owed ill foot- promoter It oriran- ew S'ork ., N. Y., injurious lecretary till that ker were md Or- ns efforts L'd to with eel of all MARY EVANS MORGAN COOK was born in Johnstown, Pa., Sept. ID, 1831, the dan>fhter of Rev. Jesse and Catherine Kinjj Morgan, a father of marked .'imiability and gen- tleiu'ss of disposi- tion, .'I mother of strong char.'icti'i-. She w.'is educated by her mother at the common school:, of Pittsburg, Pa., anil by p r i v :i t e tutors. .She began te.'U'hing ill the .age of eighteen .and con- linueil the work in public .and high schoi>ls, with the exception of a few years' marrietl lite, until thi" age of 58. She wiis a mem- ber of the Baptist Church from 184 i till 1876, when she unit ed w i t h the Methodist Episco- pal Church, with which she is still connected. At 13 she signed the total abstinence pledge, and joined the Washingtonians. In 1852 she became a "Watcher," in i8_i;8 a Good Templar, and in 1876 a Roy.il Templar in Clarion Co., Pa. .She w,is one of the pioneers in this county in temperance eduiation, the first local superinten- dent in scientific temperance instruction, and was .among the first women sent as delegates to a County Prohibition Convention. She li.is been a worker in the \V. C. T. t'. since it was first organized, and h;is been identified with many of the leading departments of local and county work. She is at present more particularly con- nected with evangelistic social purity and prison work. What work she has done through the press has been of a local character. THOMAS WHEELER SMITH, of Gu=lford, N.Y., one of the "coining nu*n" in the Temperance Reform in his locality, was born in Newark Valley, Tioga Co. , N. V., Dec. 2b, 1858. He is a son of William H. and Olive Ange- tine Smith. His father was a farmer in moderate circum- st;inces,'with ;i large family i his mother ilieil when he w.is 8 \ e.irs of age, and he lived with his grand- parents until after he had .illained ma- lurily. He had not much advantages of iin early edui-.-ilIon, heyonti the coiniiKin schools of the local- ity and a term at Lowell's Business College, Bingham- t o n . He began business life .as a lelegr.apli oi>erator on the N.Y. O. and W. Railw.ay, and is now in the Car Ac- countant's office of the same Company. He is a man of energy, intelligence and much zeal in temperance work, and has been active and effective in pro- moting its interests. He joined the G. T. Order in 1877, and has filled .ill the offices in his local lodge. He is County C. T., and .a Deputy G.C.T. During the past few years he h.is addressed many public meetings in the interests of Good Templary and Prohibition, and the press has spoken very favorably of him as an interesting and earnest .speaker. He is a member of the Prohibition Party, and has been honored with several nominations. In the fall of 1804 he was the selected c.iiulidate for Member of the Assembly. He is a member of the M. K. Church, and Pies, of the Epworlh League. ■f ^^■^^^^ ' %^ ^ r" Jj L^iC^ ^^L2 ^Hj^rr'/ ^^^^H^^^ ^S^H Nll^H i^^B nHHP '^a^^f^j^^'^^ ^^w^c •t PROHIBITION LP:aI)ERS. REV. JOHN MACLEXN, M.A., I'h.O., son ol J..hn M;ii-- loan and Aliii- Slovrnson, was liuni al Kilinaitun k, Ayisliiri-, Srnllanil, Oct. ,)o, iH^i . Ill" was I'tlii- lali'il al I 111- Hurjfh Aiaili'iny. Diiinliar- ton, St'ollaiul, anil \'ii-Uii'ia I'nivi'i'sily, C'lilniiMXi I'm. Ill- i-nliTfil till- Mrlliii- ilist Miliiistryin 1M73, .'ilulsptMit iiiiii' yi-ars ( iK-io |S.S()) .-tnion^ tlu' HIiHul liuli.ins lit I 111' \lM('.l-\\l'sl. Mr is a liiffli aiilhoi- ily on Ihi'ir lan- ^u.a^t' .'itui I'nsloins, lt;is wr^ilton si'\t'|-.il hoitks on thf In- dians, ,'ind will pnli- lish this wint I'f " i.'.'tn.'Kli.'tn Nati\i' r.'ilk," ;i I.'ii'^i' ;iiul roni p r i* \\ o n s i \- o wiJrk tin till' n.'itivf rail's. Ill' h.is Ih'- lon>;i'il to thf I. O. c;. r., K. T. of T., Hhu' Ribbon nuni'- inont .anil Pcohilii- tion .\llianie. lli' has been a District Deputy of thi- R. T. ofT., and w.is Piosidenl of the North-West Terrilorios Br.ani'h of the niiininion .Mliani-i' in 1892. He spoke freipifntlv in the I'.ai'li' Onnkin ;uul Si-olt .\i't caiiipai({ns in Ontario, lie sindied speei.dly, iMHo-i)i, the permit system of the N.'rth-West Ti'rritoi'ies, wrote in the ni'wsp.apers on this and kindred sulijeels, .iiid, as .1 inendier of the Hoard of Kdn- cation in the North-West Territories, was the means i>f inti\>due- in)j; a text book on ti'inper.anee for leaehers, .-mil h.avinjj thi' subject taught in the schools. .Mr. M.icle.m was Journ.il .Secret.iry of the Manitoba Conferenci' tor four \'e.ars, Sei'retary oi' Confer- ence in 1892, and is now President. Wile, Siirah .\nnii' Barker. JAMKS THOMSON was , n in IVrth, Scotland, April Jisl, 1M27. His youthful education uas limited. In 1M55 he came to Toronto, whi'ri' hi' still resiiles. He i'i)inmeni'Cit lem- pi'r.'iiii'e work in I S 5 (), w ll e n h e joineil the Toriinlo leniperance Refor- mation Soi'ii'ly, of whii'h hi- .'I ft e I*- w ;i r ll s h c i" :i in e I'lesident. Shortly .dli'rw.-irils he i. nil- id with the I. O. ll. T.; w.is twice Cily Pi-puty forToronto, .'mil fi>r .'1 mimber of \i'.-ii's <'i Provini'ial He pu t V of I li.il l>riler. ' In iSSi, with the late Kreil- erick Kenton, then t.'ounly C'rown .\t- torney, hi' a^sisleil in I're.atin^ ;i publii" ai;it;itiiin whii-h I'l'- sulteil in the form.'i- litm oi what is now known .as tlu" "Law aniK'riler Li'.'i>fue," of which, since its or^fanizalion, he h.is been Treasurer. In iHi)2, at the or>;aniz.i- tion of the N'alion.d .Association of .\ilvanceil I'rohibitionisis, he W.IS chosen and continues to be Treasurer. .\s editor, for ;i brief period, of the "Cm.ida tilizen," he slron^jly .iilvoc.ited pressinj{ for a me.isnre of Provincial Prohibition as the initial step to its .'tiloplion hv till' noniinion, .anil this ultini.'iti'ly li'il to the .appi'.'il, as to the respective powers of the two l.e>;islalnres, lo the Privy Council. He, .issisted by the l.ile Richard .Snellinjc, 1. 1.. P., suc- ceeded ill h.ivinn the s.ile of liipior p-ohibiled at the Toronto In- dustrial Kxhibitions ; w.is married in 1H55 lo Helen .Stevenson, of Kdiiibiiifjb, Scotland; has a family of lliree sons and one d.mjfhter. If! MRS. MATILDA R. CAKSK, Uu* uvll-known Chicago W. C. T. U. worker, philanlhrophist aiul lin.'MKMor, is o{ Sftiti-li-Irish orij^iii. Om- of Iut aiu'i'stors was llio CoiMuiiT ot" llif tirst hospital I'stablished ill Hi'U'ast, Iivland. Slu' iias been a ivsi- ili'nt ot L'hitaj^o al- most lotilinuoiisly s.iu'i' 1S5S, ami is iluiiiHi^lily iiiiMit i- tii'ti with the i^ri-al pliilan t hrophir iii- ti'tvsts of tiiat oily. I lor htisbaiul, Thos. Carsc, was a rail- road inaiiaj^i-r in I-oiiisvilli', Ky., dur- \ny: tlu* rivil war ; lit' died in Paris, Kianre, In June, 1S70, leaving- her with three boys vmder seven yrs. of a^e. She returned to C"hieai;o, and in June, i<^74i hi'r younj,;'est son was run over by a wa^-^- g"on driven by an in- toxicated Clernian, and instantly killed. This trajjie death caused the mother lo resolve to devote her life to tlu- illeviation of the poor aiul sulTerin),^, and of helping rid the eountr> of the drink traffic curse. She has been Pres. of the Chicago Central \V. C. T. C. since 1H7H ; was the origi- nator of the Wom.Teni. Pub. Ass., a successful joint stock company composed entirely of women ; it has a c.ipilal stock of $125,000, and has 135 persons on its pay roll. To her enerj^y and elTorls, also, may be credited the g^reat Worn. Teni. Temple in Chicago ; the ground is valued at a million, and the building co;.t $1,200,000 ; the rentals will bring an annual income of over $200,000. She is endeavoringf to secure the entire ownership of the stock for the W. C. T. U. " WILLIAM STAVLKV POUTKU, J. P., a well-known tem- peraiue worker, nKMvhanl, and postmaster, o\' Port Maitlaiul. Var- nuuith Co., Nova Scotia, was born in that place, Ni>v. 7, 1H4-'. He belongs \o a thorough tem- perance family. I lis ^grandfather, Josiah Porter, one of the pioneeis of that Pro- vince, was i)ne of ihe orig^'iiators and the first signer o\' llu' total abstiiUMUe pledgeof the Heaver River (N. S. ) Total \bstltuii,e Societv, organized April 25, iSjS. which has ha*d a cont luums exist- ence evi'r siiu'e. It is now, undoubtedly, Ihe oldest conlin- uiuis Total-Abstin- ence Society in America. It has a li:dl o\' its own, ami still holds itsregular nu'etiiigs, aiuI has been the means of rearing up three geiu^rations of thorough total abstainers in that locality. Mr. Porter is a nuMnher of that Society; so was his father, aiuI so are bis children. His resideiue is in the inmu'diale vicinity of Heaver River. He is a prosperous merchant, the postmaster of the locality, a Justice of the Peace of years standing, a member of the County Council, a school trustee, and manager of the Maitiand Telephone Company. He became an active .S. of T. early in life, and is lead- ing officer in the G. I . Order. For years past he has been Secy, of Yarmouth Co. Tern. Con. In politics he is a Liberal, and has been invited to become their car.did.'ite for Parliamentary honors, but declined. He was married in 1867 to Miss Julia Perry. 11 i PROHIHITION I.KADKRS. «3 ANSON HORAl'K I1KAKK. an lutivi- IVmiH-iaiu.' .uul I'ciihibilion wiiikiT, was lioiii iiiMi' l'swix>'i ^i- V., Jan. .',s. i**'>.l- Tlif -»in 111 Anson I„ ami Manila K. Cliay Diaki. Hi- n-irivfil a ilislriil sriioxl filmaliiin.as In- stall's hinisi'ir, " innili ajjainsi my Ixiyisli will, anil in spiti- ol' ni\- cnnnin^ to pi'i'M'nl il. " I Ir is a intMnhiT ol' tlii' First !•: |) i s 1' o p a I Clnitili, and a I'lii- liibit ionist ** i> n Sntulays anil i*li*i*- tion ilays." Too many ti'm|H'ianrr |H'i>|>li' an' ^i>ikI I'nouuli I'roliibition- isls on Siiiulaysaiul Clinri'h Conri'i'i'iu'r da\'s, but volt' somi' otliiT party tii-krt i>n t'lt'i'tion ilays. Tlial is oni' of I hi' ^fi'atcst souri'i's i>l' wi'aknt'ss ol* llii' l'i'oliil>ition ntovi'- mont. lit* is an af- tivt* mi'mbt'i' t>l' till' Y.M.C. A., of till' Kiiiffhtsof thi' Macrabi'i's, ami of llu' I.O.Ci.T. It is now in rotini'ition with llu' lattiT Ordfr that most of bis tom- pi'iami' work is bi'iii); lioni'. Ho has not loiif; bt'i-n idi'iilifu'd with till- or>;anization, but has lu'i'ii an ortiio bi'ari'r, as ho has also boon in Ihi- othi'r orjjani/ations. Hi- is now tlu' C Di'pnty for his lOinity, and in that position has bi'fori- him a jfood spbfie of usofiiliu'ss. Hi' is doiiiyf what ho oan by prooopl, porsnasioii, and olhor moans within his oonimand to indiioo thoso with whom ho oomos in lontaot to ohooso llio path of ri^flitooiisnoss and lompor- aiiio. \ic is now pursuinif llio oxiollont Inuid Totnplar course of sliulv, and oxpoots to boioiiio a jfradiialo in duo tinio. KKW WII.I.IAM Ml DDNAlWI was born iioar llio town of Kiiniskilli'ii, Irolaiid. His parol. Is woro mombors of tho Wosloyaii Mothoilist C'huroh, and lar^oly '. brou^li Ihoir ^codly oxanipio bo oarly booanii- .1 111 o 111 bo r of t b o oliuri'h, anil a total abslaiiior from all intoxii'ants, W'lioii about 17 lio oaiiio 111 Montroal, whoro his fathor dii'd. !)tiriii^; a short slay in Hiookvillo ho bo- I'aino a inombor o\' llio Roohabitos, and tlu'ii lio^aii a life lOiitost with llio lii)nor Iralfio. Sol- tliiiff down al To- roiilii in 1S50, bo stiidiod privaloly, I lion al \'ioliina r 11 i V o rs i t y, and was iirilainod a minislor of tho .Molliodisl Churoh. \[i- has boon tivo tinios a nu'inbor of Iho t'lonoial C'onfor- oiuo, many yoars Chairman of Distriits, .md oiuo I'rosidonl of l.ondiin C'onfor- onoo. In 1K51 li>' jiiini'd Iho Sons of Toniporanco in Toroiilo, and look part in tho niunioipal and olhor oontosis in which toniporanco was prominonl. llis hoariiif; Jobn B. l"iou>{b and Noal Dow during thoso yo.irs inspired him with an imdyiiiK zoal. In all his fields ho lias stood foarlossly for this rofiirin, froquontly takiiiff part in Ilunkin and Scott Act caiiipai>cns, Ihoiijfb ho has sulVorod porsociilion and ^froat loss ihoroliy. Ho is now a monibor of the C'lonoral C'onforoiico Tomporaiuo (.'omiiiit- 100, an Advanced Prohibitionist, and a Royal Templar of Temper- ance. RKV. C. IIKNRY MKAD, !>. I)., tho woll-known and popu- I ir lomporanco worker, preacher and sinjjor, was born in Now York city January 27111, 1841. I'ow men have bocoiiu' nuiri' widi'ly anil popularU' known. Hi' is a many-siiloil. iiiag'iiot ic, mirth- making, musical and heart-loving man. He has boi'ii a 'osidont of llor- .., ille, N. Y., for iiany years, but bis til Id 1 f work has bion ill over the Slates ; nd Canada. He is . miiiisti'r oi the M. K. I'luMvh. I''raiiklin Collojifi', Ohio, j^ravo him tho dejfioe of I). O. in iSi^i. \\c was sev- eral winters in Iho Soulh, a special missionary of Iho National Temper- ance Society amoii^ the Freodmen, and wondi'rful success attended his labors. Ill I1S71) he established, at Silver I.ake, N. Y., the first distinci Temperance .'\ssombly over hold, aiiti there iiry;,*inized tho noted Silver I.ake yuaitol, of which bo has over since been the con- ductor, and with which bo has travelled widely throujfbout tho counliy. Many of its best sonjjs, both words and music, were written by him. He is also known as a popular writer for "Tho Christian Herald " and other religious and tenipercinco journals. Ho has rocenlly been elected Field Secy, of the Nat. Temp. .So., to succeed the late John N. Stearns. He cast his last Rep. vote forOen. Grant in 18681 has voted Iho Prohibition Parly ticket over since; has altonded all .State and National Prohibition Conventions. In RI':Y. F. CHISHOI.M, pastor of the Molbodist Church, Catar.u|ui, Onl., was horn near c i..-ksville. County of Peel, Out., .April .'(), 1840. He is Iho jjrandsiin of ,1 I'. K. Loyalist. His p.ironlson bolh '.ides woro Scotch. He was oduc.atoil .It (he OakwiHid iMaiiimar S.hool, .■mil till' Poll Hope Ai.ulemy. Previous 111 bis onti'rinj^ the minislry of tho late .VI. K. Church in 1861, bo tauj^-lit school. \lc repre- sented the I.O.Ci.T. at the Conference of roprosontJiltvos of Temporani'o Or- j;.-iniz;itiiins with the Joint Committee of the Senate and House of Com- mons ill the fr.iming of the Canada Toin- peraiice Act. For several yo.nrs, by I'onsent of his Con- foronce, he acted as fjonoral ajfent of the I. O. Ci. T., visitiujf almost every school section in Ontario in the interests of Prohibition, and few have done more to create .1 healthy public sontimont on the subject. Ho did heroic service in the nunkin and Scott .Act canipai^rns in several counties, suc- cessfully meotinjf J. J. Hawkins, of Brantford, and E. King^ Dodds, of Toronto, the latter docl.irinj; that Mr. Chisholni was one of tho best ilebators the Tomper.uice Party bad in the field. He is considered in Iho Montreal Conference of his Church an authority on ecclesiastical law. He is a profound, eloquent and effective speaker. He married the only dauy^liter of A. Lockwood, of Phillipsville, and has one son and one d.iu>jhter. »4 PROHIBITION LEADERS. » : 1* C'.inKON TAHOK S I KW AKT, ..f N..r»alk, Oliio, .mi.- ..I llu- nuiHl pr.iinliuMil iiu'nih<'rs .ii I'lirly in th.- I'liit.-il Sliiii">, »;is btirit in J.ihnsiii wn, N'.V. Aii^f. 7, iHj^. Ili>. Kian.liHii'.nts, Ih)IIi p.-.t.'rniil and nia- I.Ttial, \v.*r.' aniitii^ tlu- .'atli.'sl st'ttl.'i-s of S.'li.MU'.'laily. N, y. Our 111' til. 'in .ip.Mt.'it 111** (irsr Kn^lish S.li.Hil anil A.ail.'tny tli.T.-. His niiilli.T was a sisl.-i 1)1 III.- .■.-If- hral.'il A III.- ri." an lawv.-r, N'iiliiilas Hill, Jr. His par- I'Mts iiuu't-il (i> l^hi.i, anil III- i-nl.Ti'il Hln-iliiil'.ill.->;.-,liiit 111- li-ll II li> i-iit.-r till- stiiily I'l law. Ill- was ailinilt.-il lo llu- Stat.- Har in 1H46, anil lo Ihi- Siipi'i-nit- L'lUirl in iHiitt. 1 ji- has prai'- lii'.-il I.'iw at Nor- walk .^5 y.-ais. Hi- was County .Aiidi- t.ir Ihri'i- lorms. Hi- was for a lini.- .nu- of tlii- proprii-lors of tlu- " Toledo Blad.-, " and of tin- " C'oniiiu-riial,' and, diirinjf llu- rivil w.ir 111- ownt-d and publish.-d tin- niibiupi.- " H.iily Tiniis, ' llu- only daily "I'nion ' pap.-r piihlisli.-d in llu- north half of low,.. Hi- 11-- tiiriu-d lo Ohio and rt-siinu-d his law piartiir at NorwalU, whi-n- lii- now rosiili's. Hi- h;is thrt-i- si»iis, who ari- promiiu-nl hiisiiu-ss nu-n In Norwalk and C"li-vi-land. Hi- has ^fivi-n inmli of his lili- to llii- ti'inperanii- work (always without lonipi-iisalion) and thinisandsof dollars of his i-arniiijfs. \iv was thn-i- ti-niis Ci. {.' . T. of thi' I'l.T. of Ohio, and has bi-.-n n-pi-ali-dly si-li-itrd hy tin- IVuhibitioii l';.rty a< their I'iindidate for various important positions. MISS MAIUIAKKT A. SlMDl TH, of C hi. a^o. iiianaKinK' .-dil.ir of tin- "riiion Si((M;d, ' llu- ^'r.-.it \\ .1. T. l'. oi^^.iii, was born in .Mas.m lo.. III., July nnh, iN.si;. Her falh.-r. Dr. James ,Mi\'. Sii.l- diilli, was a highly .-sti-enied I'hristi.in anil t i-iiiperaiii'i- w.irker in t'l-ntial III. l-'ailiiiK health i-oiiipi-]lt-il tlu- r.-- moval i>\ till- f.-iiiiily lo Soiilhi-in Califor- nia, wlii-ri- tli.-\ an* now iiiHui-iiliai and usi-fiil menihi-rs i>f till- I'omniiiiiit y . She eiilen-il llie Slale N'orm.'il I'lii- versily :tl lifte.-ii, ;iiiit f;r;iilu.'.tt-il from W'l-sli-y.ui I'liixi-rs- il\ .'It Hlooniin^ton in iS n, aiul took a le.uher'*! s|H-i'ial I'ourse in liti-raliiri- aiid history i.\ W'l-I- lesley Collejc. .Mass. S u ITe r injf from .'III i-yi' t roiibli- slii- was thus iiiti-r- nipled in her studies and >fave herself to .utive Christian teinper- ani'e ser\'ii'i-. Slu- went .'ibro.'iil in .M.'iy, \HHti, .'.ml s|H-nt foiirte.-n iiit>ntlis ill Kiir.»p.-, Ir.'ivi-ilin^; through l-ai^laml, Cti-rman\', lt;.lv, .Xusli'i;. .'.ml Sw it/erlaiid. Slu- ai'teil, iltirin^ tli.'it time, as spi-i-i;il i-orri-spi>nili-iit to llu- Hlooiiiin^lon n»'wspa|H-rs .'inil tin- ** I'lii.m Sijjn.'il." Slu- spi'iit I'oiisiilerahti- time iiui-siij^.-.t ji^ ihei-aiist-s of ilrunki-niii-ss in tlu- .'ounlrii-s visiti-i|. Ki-turiiiii|;, she bi-eamt- a member of tlu- edilori.d sl.itV of Ih.- Wom. Teiii. Tub. Ass. in Clii- I'.'i^o. In rei'o^iiilion i>f hi-r lii.-i.'iry iibility .'.nil tin.- jitd^nii-nt shi- wasap(>ointi-il in Jany., iHijj, mana^iiif; i-ilili>r oi tlu- " I'nion Sig- nal, " tlu- most intlueiitial woman s weekly journal now published. I tli MRS. MARY D. MARSH, oC Milton. IVnn., a very i-anu-st W, C. T. U. worker and dislnbutcr of tt'inpi'raiuo litfialnrr, was bt»r!i in I'nion Co. !\'nn., July 13, iH^g, I ht' da ti^^lil tT of l.'Iiarli's and C'atli- t rini' HaktT. IKt t-aily vt'ars wrrt' sponlin tlu'iiiuntry, whiMV, during tlu* suruiiuMMHonths, shr di'lig'htod to raniblt* anionjf tlu' hills and bri>oks, and she irn- bibi'd a love tor na- ture, bei'Oinin^ a landscape painter and a teacher of it to private classes. She was married at an early :i^c to Isaac Marsh, an in- ventor and paten- tee. Since then tlieir home lias been at Milton, North Co., IVnn. She has been an active mem- ber of the Lutheran Church, and a Sun- da\' schoi>l teacher for over 25 years. Her attention was strong"ly directed to the manifold evils of the drink traffic early by an unfortunate marria^fe of a near relative, and by the many painful evidences that ev-n boys, reared under t ic influences of the Church and Sunday School, .ire not safe when exposed to its temptations. She has used tverv '.nfluence within h;?r reach of helping^ alonj^ the Prohibition cause. Slie claims to bj one of the first of the Prohibition Party, as far as an unfran- chised woman can be. She has tried to do well her share in edu- catingr public sentiment, and has been instnunental in distributing a large amount of temperance literature to farmers and others at fairs. It may well be said of her, "She has done what she could." GI':OUC.K IIARMAN LKKS was born in Hamilton. Ont., Nov. li, iSbo. His father, Wm. H, Lees, is a Canadian, and a prosperous mer- chant , and h i s mother, Isabi' Ha Harman, of Kn^lisb birth, and jjreat in- lellectuai force. He was educated at I he Hamilti>ii public sclun»ls, Collegiate Institute, and Husi- iiess Ci>llej^ajjed in the ma nuf a c t u re o\' jewellery, and has bt'eii eminently suc- ii's sf u I . H 1' i s a I'res b\ t erian o f liberal views. In Oi lober, 1873, he joined Relianc e Lodjje, L O. C;. T. Five \ears later he identitied himself with the Royal Templars oi Tem- perance as a chart- er member of Sov- erei^fn Council ; was elected a member of the Dominion Board of Directors in iH<)o, of the Finance Connnittee in i8<)i-j, Dominion Vice-Councilor in 1H94, and Cirand Councilor of <.)ntario in 1S9S. He is Adjutant-Cleneral o\' the Knights for the Dominion. He identifies himse'f with every movement for (he destruction of the drink traffic. In politics he has Conservative leaning's, but is an advanced Prohibitionist, and will vote Prohibition first. In Jan., 1S94, he was elected to the City Council, and inspired the move- ment resulting in the reduction of licenses; was re-elected in 1895. He is an orjfanizer and worker rather than a speaker. In 188,^ he was married to Li/zte Stuart ; they have two sons and one daug'hter. PROHIBITION LKADRRS. •S I.KWIS KinVIN VORK, H. S., wa- horn iii K;uuli.l|ih, I'or- tn({o Cmiiily, O., IVI. Jnd, iW«), lM-iii>{ llu- -.mi nt J.iliii Mii.lUi'l \'iMk :itul Matxai't'l (;i«ik \»rk. IK- ri*i'i>i\rilhis|>i iiiiat'\ ctliiialiiiii al llir ilisli-iii atul liuvii >i liiMils 111 liis iia- livt* rouiil>. aful hi- t'tilli'^iatf ami s|>rr- lalftlut'iiliinial Allc- ^iiaiiy I'nlliX"'- a' KiiiK s SrIionI ul Oral ovy, a ii il a I MoiHit I'tiion t'ttl- ifjff. Ill i-i'li^ion hf I- uliMtliliril will) I II !■ M 1- t h (1 il I s I L'luirili, aiul in |)fr niinihiT ol* t'iassi-s lor llii' Dfiiioii'st nit'ilat I'onti'sts in li'iiipiTani't' i-loi-ution, and in this way has douhtii'ss aidi'd tlii' raiisi' ol li'iiipi'ranir and prohibition to a i-onsiili'rabli' fxtt'iit, by pri'parinjf his pupils to pri'si'iit truths on Ihi'si' >;ri"at qui'stions in an inipri'ssive niannt'r. He ri'sidrs at Ni'wion Kalis, Ohio. .MKS. KI.IZ.XHKTII M.\UV .MOIi Onl., wni burn in .Monlri'al in iH5^, till' ilaii)(bli'r ol John l'oli|iiliaiin I'lall and Sarah Sawyrr, his will'. Shi' was I'd mat I'd in Monlri'al. Slit' has Ih'i'ii lor yi'arn an arlivi' worliiT in thi' \V. C. T. r. ranks, having; lllird till' oftiri's of I'ri's- iilrtil, ki'i'ordiii^ Si'i-ri't;iry anil C'or- ri'sponiliii); Si'i'ri'- lary in tlii' loral unions, and I'ri'si- di'iil of thi' (.'oiiiity I'liion. Shi' haN also bt'i'ii ji ^ood workiii); nu'inbi'r of Ihi' l.l>. f.. 1. Slu- is ,1 ri'aily writiT and a (H'rsujisivo spi'aki'r, and han iloiir jfiiod siTviro in pronioliii); the i-aiist' on till' pljit- lorni.al tlii'Convrn- tioiis, through the pri'ss, and iiol al all till' li'ast in till' family liri'li'. Shi- is in full sympathy with tin- rroliibilion l';irty, ;iiid llioii);li drprivi-d of thi' usi' of thr ballot, shr I'laims that shi' Irrls nioii' slronjjly on this qiu'slion than on any olhrr. Shr favors no half-way iiii'asuri's, bt'lii'viii^f that nothing short of a tot.il I'rohibilion law, with ofliii'rs lu'liiiiil it in lull svnipathy with its I'lifon rnii'iil, will I'vt'r ai'i'oinplish tht- ^ri'.'it work. Shi- is now ri'arinj; anil trainiti); thri'i* sons, whom sill' is fully [H'rsuadod, will wrll ri'pri'si'nt hi'r views on this )fri'at ri'lorm wbi'ii that linii' i-onii's, Canada hiis tlious;inds of ){raiid molhiTs whose sons are the ri!iiii)( hope of the cininlry. MRS. S.V.MIKI. CLKMENTS, SuiH-rinteiidenl of W. C.T. V. e'.'anjjelislie work for the Stati' of IV'iinsN'hani.'i, w.is born in l*hil;i- di'lpliia, Sept. 22, iK^.", the dauj^hter of U'i Ilia III and Sar.'th Ni'wbolil. Her lather w.'is ;i il e s e I' n il i' n I o f Miehael Newbold, oiii' of the piiiiiei'r settlers from Kiijf- laiid in .\ew Jersey. One of till' mi'inbers of the .N'l'wbiild family, as ii mem- ber of the Ciover- nor's Couiu'il, draft- ed ;iiul presi'iiletl the lirst Hill for the .'ibolition oi slavery in New Jersi'\-. She reeeiveil an exei'l- lenti'arlyed ileal ion, eompletiiijf it by at- teiulinj; ;i eoiirse of leelures in seii'iiee at Yale L'ollejJ:e, by sui'h men as the two Sillm.'uis, I'rof. Oaii.'i .'Old others. In 1K63 she was married to Rev. Samuel Clements, D. II., a prominent elerffymanof the Protestant Episeopal Cliureh, of wliieh she was a member. For ve.irs she shared in his parochial duties and then in the eause of edueation. She is in with the Prohibition Party movement, iisinj; her every influence in its behalf. She was Co. Supt. of the Social I'urily iiiovemeni, and Nat. Supl. of Purity in Literature and Art, and is now State Supt. of Evanjjelical \\'ork, which position she has well filled for years. In li-'g^ she visited Knj;land, Ciermany, Austria and Italy. In Knjjiand she was invited to occupv London pulpits as one of the W. C. T. U. speakers. In June of that year, but had to return home too soon. Her address is Lansdown, Pa. i 4 r&tMhfl^Hvl^^ ._ 1 m f " 'Vt ^ ■ i WKI.I.KSI.KV J. OATKS, of Halifax, one of the best known and most active "Sons" in .Nova Scotia, was born at "The Pines," .\iiiia|KiliH Co., N. .S., March list. 1H37. He hiis bei'ii a 1 i f e - 1 o n ^ temperance work- er, and shows no si)fiis of jfrowiiiff weary i n well-do- i n jf . He joined " il o u jf h ' s Cold Water Army ' in St. John, .\. B., when ten years of affe. Sir Leonard Tilley, ex-Oovernor of that Province, was in charffe of the Portl.md wing- of 500 at that time. He became a Cadet of Tem|H'rance at N'ictoux, N. S., in iHiji, and on April 5, 1K54, he became the yoiniffest chart- er member of Phic- nix Division, S. of T. at Brid>fwater, N. S., in which he still continues his membership. He became a niember of the Grand Division of Nova Scotia in iKbo, and of the National Division al the Toronto session in 18K6. He has been a faithful attendant ; earlv all the sessions since. He was a represi ntative from his Province to the ({real Prohibition Convention in 1886. He visited Great Britain that year, t.-ikin^f part in a number of temperance and other demonstrations there. He has orjjanized a number of Divisions, Bands of Hope, and other similar societies. In the lodj^e room, on the platform, and ihroujjh the press, he has been untirinii^lv lend- i ijf a helping hand to the great movement. He was married Aug. ,,i, i860, to Mary, only child of Capt. John W. Locke. i6 PROHIBITION LEADKRS. i| 1^ REV. W. J. KIRBY. of fhnrlonelown, P. E. r., on.- of iIm- beNi known Sonx of Tcni|M*riUK'i- in thai Proviiur, was horn in l.\iin, Ntnfolk, Knt(liiml, April Nih, I Hi; J, aiul was I'dii- latcil al Marrow- oii-l hf-ll ill and l.oniton. Mr t-aint* to C'anaila wlu'n a >'i>tiiif( man antt cnliMTil Ihr Mnlio- tli-i ministry in New Hrimswii'k in 1H75. Ill- was i>r- tlaint-U in iH;!). Sini'f that linir liis tiint* anil cni'r^i -s have all ht'cn tlf- voted t<< ininisti-rial w OMsiiliMcd tht- prttmotiiHi iti till' lcni|ii-rani'i- niovtMiKMit a U'ni'i" male part of that work. In |it>Ii(irs lu* is Indt'pt'iuh'ntt with slron>f Ii-an- 11 ;s to .1 I'rohihi- tion Party if ihfri- was one in his Pro- viiiio. Ill- has Ih-imi a mi'inhi-r of the S. of T., Ihf O. T., and tlio Tcmpli' of Honor and Ti'mpiTanic. Ho hofanir a miMnhor of llu- liraiid Division of New Hnmswii-k in 187H, when stationeil at St. Jtihn. .iikI sinee his resideiK'i' in P. K. IslantI has hi'en elei-ted res|H'etivelv ti. W*. Chaplain, Supt. of Juvenile Work, and 11. \V. Patriarch. In |S<)4 he heeame ;i member ot' the .N.'ilion.'d Division, and was in.adi* .M. \V. Chapl.'iin. In his ehinvh, in the .\. H. .tiul P. K. I. L'oiiferenee, he has taken an aitive interest in the work anion>; the younjf, heli**\in); the eaiise of Prtihihitii»n e;m hest ht- lu'lpeil fi»rward by- proper tr.'iiiiin^ there. He is married, l".is wife beiii^ alsi> a n.'itive of Kn^land. Thev liave .'i stm ;iiul a il.'iu^hter livin>(. KKV. .\I.KKEI> Kl.l C.KKF.N, ment in'Hritish i'tthnnbia, was horn a pionei*r in lltt* i'l. T. nittve- at Tiltield, .N'oitli.impionshire, t'iii^laiul, Jiilv iblh, 1H50, ilu* son of 'I'homas anil Ke- hei'ia tireeii. He enii^'rated fioni his njilive land when a boy of eiM;lileen, and les ileil first in Ito.hester, .\. Y., anil l.ilei' itii in Kan- sas, (hen a vi-iy new eoinilry. In 1H74 he moved to Mrilish L'ohnnbia, wlu'ri* he has ri'siileil I'ver siiii'i*. Ill* bee.inie .■I l». T. in Kansas, and founil hill two lod^fes, ill isolaled loialil es, when ho m.'iile his home in Mrit ish i'olumbi.'i. Ill' be-all to hiiilil up the i)rder with miii'ti /I'.'il anil siii'- eess. In iHi)i he w.is eleeted fi.l'.T. oi I he (Vraiiil I.oil^^e of th.'it Provini'i*, ,'iiul filled thai im- portant oHiee for three terms. He was the represent. iiive to the Int. Slip. l.iHl^e at Des .Moines, Iowa, in iK<)j; is also .1 prominent meinbi'r of the R. T. In 1S77 he wa i appointed by llie Methodist C'hureh ;i missionary amoii^ the liuli:ins iii'ar the Alaska boiiixlary, himilri'ds of inili-s ilisi.inl from .-ill whili' population, amoii^f a peo- pli* whiiiii III- not only h.'iil to inslriiet in I hi' iiospel, but how to use soap, to dress, to build houses, .ind to e.ire lor the sii k. While lalMiriii)( there he was m.irried to .Miss K. |. (iilbert, whose father was one of tin first d. C I', in the Proviiiee. He now resides at Eburiie, M. I ., and is doiiij; what he eaii to promote the prineiples of ri){lileousness and leinperanee. I ! ;f i . iS JOSKPH W. BRUCE was bom in Lennox, Madison Co., Now York, July 3rd, l8ii. As his name indieates he is of Si-i>ti'li orijjin, his grandfather enii- ^r.'it in^ to this eounlry from Seot- li'iiul. His mot her was of Cierinan desi-ent. .\ farmer from his youth, i il I' n ( i fi I* il hi m strongly with the l.'iborin^ i" lasses. Politieally, he was .'in :ii\lent Kepubli- ean, .'iiiil w;is i*,-irii- est in till* ailvoeaey of its prineiples, hut deeming the partv had forsaken prin- e i p I e s, ;ind w;i s eursed by bosses and ruled by poliey, he withdri'w, jiiid in the early seventies he east in his lot with the Prohibition Party, and h .1 s jfiven his hest ef- forts for its success. His voice is "still for war" upon the saloons and a^fainst its supporters. Has attended all the Pro- hibition Conventions in his State, save one, .since identifyin>r himself with the p.irty. He has been a deletfale to tliree National Conventions of the party (1S76, 1880, 18HH) ; was a member of the Prohibition Nation.il Committee for two years. The party h.ive recojfiiized Mr. Brace's loyalty, and have honored him by nominatin({ him for Stale Treasurer, and in 1891 selected him .is its candidate for Governor. Mr. Bruce is a member of the Con^fieffatioiial Church. He has retired from his farm labors, and resides in Canastota, New- York State. WILLIA.M K.MORY CKAYTON, editor of "The l.iin.i Clip|H'r, " and at present Seerot;iry of the Kxeciilive Commit lee of the Prohibilion Parly of l')hio, w.is bi>rii in Ki»ckiii>;- li.'im County, \'a., M.'irch 1(1, 1851. His school life was brief anil spiMit m.'iinly in .'i lo^ schi»ol-housi* al Siiif^er's lllen, al- llu>u^li hi* believes all of life is ,-i sehi>ol. Ill i,S(iH, with his p.'irents, he removeii to. \lleii County, O.', where he le.irneil .iiid worked at the carpenter Iraile till i88c). Ill polilicshe w.'is ;i Di-moiT.'il, I'.'islin^ his first vi>le for llor.'u'e (Ireely in 1872. Beinj": .1 leiiipi*r;iiice nwin, he "scratched " i'aiidiii;ites known to be favor.ible to the lii)uor business, .Old soon learned tlwit 111* w.'ts out of bis element in the old p.iities. When llie Prohibition National Convention endorsed woman siilVra^e, he bec.ime identihed with that party and iH^an .111 active, earnest efl'ort to briii^; their prin- ciples to .1 successful issue. In 18S1), without capil.-d or ex- pi-rionce, he established the " l.iiii.i Clipper," the first party Pro- hibition p.'»iK'r in that part of Ohio, .ind which has become .1 power 'or j;ood Ibroujfh his persistent efl'orls. Mr. Crayloii iloes not In-long to .any ilenomination, cl.iimiiiir tli.it true religion c.'innol be eircumserilH'd by man-made creeds, .ind th.il the reformer's work should b«' to lift the people to a higher plane of moral, social and {Hilitical equality, rather than to dissemiii.ite sectarian strife. I'ROH 1 BIIION I.KADKRS. •7 RKV. f.KOKCiK H. NKI.S*>N, a rWiiK Milluulisl piv.u lin . now of lU'inliu k l.ak.-, N. \., was liorii in Nrw Alhioii, C allaiau- Kiislii., N.N'., l».l. If, |H« pii'- pai'inx lor C'olU->{i' itt llfii. Wi-s. Si'iiii- ii.iry, Lima. .\. S'., aiul is staiioiu-d .is "Sliiilriil-rasliir ■ al IL'iiiloi'U l.ako. Ill' is ill arlivr s\'iiipalli\ with ilif wlioli' U'liipi'iaiiri- aiul I'roliiliil ion 111 o V *• 111 f 11 1 . Ill* joiiii'il till' (i. T. al I 111' a^i- ol 17, aiul I'lllriril zi'.lliMlsly into its vMirk. Ho lias lii'lil iioarly ovi'iy olVui' ill llii" sulionlin.'itt* lixl^i', .'iiul ailvor.-iti's its rl.'iiiiis on till' piihlii' platforms. Ill' was ,1 roprrsonlativi" to tlio annual si-ssioii of llu' O. I,, of \. V. Stall-, lii'lil .11 Kinjjslon in .Vii^.. i>^H- Tlio followin>{ Si'pl. ho wasi'li'iti'il I.'. P. b\ his roimty loil^fi'. Ho w.is lonvorti'il al tho a({oof jj, anil unitoil with I ho M. K. v'hinvh. Shortly aflor ho w.'iN lii'onsod to proai'h, .'itui ontori'il on his lifi' work with imii'li Iio|H' aiul ^ooil prospi'i'ls of fiiturt' iisi'luhit'ss anil suoi'oss. In (."^ol., iHij^f, ho was slalionoil at Blaik C'nok, N. Y., wlioro ho also oii>;a>foil in G. 'I. anil I'roliihition work willi aiii'pt.iiuo anil siui oss. Hoin>i yot ;i yoiin^ iii.'in ho iloi's not l.'iy I'laim to ho a "Prohibition l.i'.'uli'r," but jfivos )jood prospoi'ls of lH'iii>f .'ihlo to sli'p into tlu' r.'inks anil lill up the ffnpHs the present leaders fallout in I ho oourso of iiatiiro. I'r \V. K. Vl>l'M.\\S, him of ,\rlhiir Voiiniani, wai horn Kilward C'liiiiilv, llnlaiio. in 1H41. Hi was I'lliii'atcil al I'll Ion tira iiiniiir St liool, anil laiixhl for si'voii years. In |H<>7 ho reiiiovod to St. Ihoiiias, where ho still rosiili's. He is .1 stop son of Mrs. I.otitia Voii- maiis, till' Honorary riosiili'iit of the Do- minion W. C. T. L'. Al I J years of a){e ho first sixiiod the toinpoiaiii I' ploil^o al llio iloso of a loi tiiii' ilolivori'il ill I'ii ton liy John U. (lou^li. \\f lias never lasted liipior as .'i hi'vera>{:e, yet, for exainplo s sake, h;is si^iii'il I'vory ti'inpi'raiii'e pli'il^^e presonled lo him. He Ih n oharler in e ni b e r of St. Thom.is foil no II, .No. ,15, Royal Tem- plars of Teniper- aiuo. \{i- was mar- ried lo Annie H. Thoinpson in 1H70. Ho is .1 niemher of the I'irsl .Mothodist LhiMvli, St. Thomas; was for twonty-lhree years its Siindav .Soliool Sii|H'riiitoiidonl, .mil ten years its KooordiiiK Slow.ird, .iiid is now a inembor of the Tiuslee and yiiarlerly Hoards. He was a ilelo^fate lo the first lloiier.il Conforeiue of the Mothodist (.'liuroh, hold at Toronto in iHH-'. In |H«I ho was oli'Otod Soorolar\ of Iho Kljfiii Hr.iiuh of the i>nt.irio .\lliaiuo, and oontiiuiod to serve in lh.it oap.ioily ihiri'i>r the Soott .\il oanipai^jn. \ir is ;i Kefornu'r in poliliis, yol votes for no oaiididate who is not a pronoinuod IVohihilionisl. His wife is President of the St. Thomas \V. C T. I'., and is an earnest lemporaiue worker. Rt^HiCKT I'.AXTON was born in Tweeilmoiilh, on the borders of KiikI.iiuI anil Siotland, July 1 1, 1H5J, o.inie to Canada in 1H57, settled in the lowii- slii p oi' Piisliiu'h, U'lllinifton County , whi're hi' atlt'iuloii the piiblii" si'hoi>l till 14, when ho went to l.iK'know, Mnii'i* Ciiiinty, .'iiul I'lorkeil for sevi'ii M'ars in .'i ^^eni'r.'il •-lore. Ill' then •-l.'irtoil in business tor Itiinsi'lf .-It Kin- iou^Ii, I'i^iil mill's im Liii-know, w:is |>osliiiastor iliirini^: s i\ yo.'irs rosi- lii'iioe tlu'i'e, anil niaili* his biisinoss :i tinani'ial siu'oess. In 18.S7 ho nuivi'il to Oltorvillo, in the C'oiintv of C'Jxforil, wont into priv.'ite banking, :'nil h;is oslablislii'il .'in I'X- I'l'llent busini'ss. Hi' is jilso post- in.'isier .and loeal mana^or of the Hell Telephone Company, and is oonneited with a number of other fin.'inoial enterprises. He is .a eominissiiiner i'oy t.'ikin^f alViil.'ivits, a notary publie, and an issuer of inarri.ijfo liionses. Ho was married in 1S76 to Marjfaret Dreaney, and has three bovs and three ffirls. He has taken a stroiij;; stand on the lomporance question all his life. It was he who pniolietioally fouffht the oon- .stilutioiiality of the Local Option Aot through the v.irious Courts, becominjj personally responsible for .1 l.irjfe ainoiml of money, anil, after four ye;irs of lili^fation, o;iine out victorious. He has been for several terms S. C. of Otter Council, No. 14, R. T. of T. He is a Presbyterian and Reformer, a menihei- of I.O.O. K, and A.O. U.W. J.X.VlKS MILLI';R, Ksi|., postmaster of I'lverton, P. ijuebec, iiid Pri'sidi'iit of nriimnioiul Co. .Mlianic, was born in Richmond, P. Si; May J4th, iH,i4. His parents om'Krated from Ire- laiul .'iiiil came to (Juebi'c ill iK,i2, the first year of the memorabli' choleni plague there. They 111 o v o d to R i c h - inoiiil, tlii'ii ;ns in the county. In 1852 he was a charter member of a S, of T. Division in his locality, the lirst temperance or^ani;catioii in the county. Later he became a G. T. fie is a member of the Methodist Church and a S. S. Supt. In politics he is a Liberal, and hiis faith that when that party comes in power a Prohibition law will be oblaiiiod. 2S PROHIBITION LEADERS. U.M. K. TAIT, M. P., C;. W. T., of III lanii " C'arty-Soiip, ' mar I'n'i'Uiiin, KirUiilir / i^k J Hr. -^^ tP^^ Y ■-,';' ' Anatotny atul Pliv*^ioUv^\ in his Alni.t M.iU'r ami IVofrssor o\' Siir^iviy in I hi' sanit* rtilloj^i' a ' bivn an activi' prai'lilimu'i' all tlu'so Will, (tu' Suns ot" 'l"i*ni|H'r.-nu't' in iS^t), wilh ihi wilh lilt' Ti'niplars ol Honor ami Tt'rnpi'r.uui years ilrami Tivasuri'r i>t the I. l^. (1. T. o\ I'onipK'lini; his (onrlh vi'ar as (ii.tiiii U'ortliy nois Ti'iiiplais nf IIoni>r ami rt'nipi'niiKi'. _>ist, i8(t. His pairnis, Win. ami Marv A. Tail, ranu- to Illinois inSrpli-ni- ' 'I , iS v». wlu'iv lu' was hri>nf;lit up o\\ a larni. His !iti'r- ar\ I'iluralion was a n " ir ii')i"n I a r " i-oursi- in Knox C'olli');i', 111., (.;alrs- hiir ^^ anil Mon- nuuil li l.'oI li'i; I* , M^innitnilli, 111,, anil in Li't'-t't'ntiT Insti- tnlt'. Tati^'hl in ptihlif sihools from 1 Sj^--(ii , ;iml h*'^:an ti> stnil\ nuHlii'ini' in Mariii. iS(h). Hi' iMitiMfii till' r. s. army in iS(i_' ;iml s;T\rtl holh in tit'lil ami hospital until iS(>5. In Marih, iS(i(), hf ^'ra(lual^ll fiom tlu' i'hysio- Mi'iliral Insti'tutt', (.'iminnati, i^. Hi' was l*ni(i'ssor of iVoni iH()() to 1S70, ivom 1S70 lo iS()4, vi*ars. Ht> iniiti'il ' i. O. (.'.. T. in iS<><); in iSSi. Was I wo lllini>is, anil is now 'I'l'mplar ot" thr Illi- Was niatrii'il Juni' li'n, Ni'W \o\k, or VI* pri'itili'il him to riai» C"hnri'h. MUS. HAKKIKT KM/A H AMMl>\I>, of Cli'wlaiul. Ohio, ilii' wi'll-known rilitor ^^i llu' " 4.>liio W L". T. I'. Mi'ssi-nj^^i'r," was born in C'lu-shiri', I -1 Mass. Hi'r pari'nis I I nunt'd to C'hanl.ui- ipia Co., \.\'., ilur- in^-^ hi-r ihilithooil. I li-ri" slu" was filii- i.atril, and In-^aii ii-arhiii^- al thi- u^v of hfli't'n. Kour » I'ars l.iiiT sill' niar- rii'tl ,Mr. I l.uiunoml, a M. K. niinislor, mil for I wi'?il\ -hvo Vi'afs shf \\i s his taithfnl holp-inti't in his tninist orial work. For fij^lit y I* a r s s h i' h a d rhar)^o o\' llu' W. K. M. S. i>r I hi' C'li'w- laiiii Hisdiii, ilolnj^ innrh flVu'ii'nt work as ;i sprakiT and or^anizi'r, also d»»- itijj ronsidorablo ti'nipt'ramo a nd otliiM- work. Hit hnsband's ht-allh failiti)^, aflor lliirly- si'Vi'n yi'ars o( iw- tivo minisii'tial wi»rk. Ilioy movod lo Cirvt'land, inakin>^ il tlu'ir pt'rmani'tH lioino. Shi' has siiu'i' iU'vi>ti'il ht'rsflf inoiv lai'^fly to It'mpi'raiui' work. Shi' is an abli* and pi'rsnasivi' spi'aki'r, and hiT si'iviii's li.ivi' bi'i'H in ijrraf tlfmaml, both tor Ih*' platform .ind till' iMilpil, not onh lor li'inprraiui', but (ov L'hrisii.-m Kmlravor, l'',pworlh l.i'aj^fur and \'. M. C". A. work. Shr has takrn a pronii- iumU posiiion in llu' \\ .<.'.'!'. I'., tiu' lupial I'lanrhisi' ami tlu* Pro- hihilion Patty movi'monls, doinj; also I'tlirii'iitly tho work o\' an ovan^^i'lisi. "The Mrssrn^fr, ' umli'r lior i"on*.iil, ii..- ' ^-I'li sni'- I'l'ssful ami powi'iful for ,.hhI. Sin- is also \ 1 t'-Prosidrnt of the C'li'vi'lami Sorosis, (hf larj^osl womi'ii's tinb in 'i* Stall'. I,! I i 'ij il MRS. AMA M. UIITKNMKNnKK. of i.iiuoln. \i-b., I'lvs. of " I'lu-li' Sams Aiili-lliiinkaiil I'.uloiy Coiuoiii," was horn in Mai'i'iloni.'i, IVnii., .\ii);. .vl. 1H4S. !lfr paniils won' P.'iiiii'l l."oli', .'in in- \'i'nU>i" .'uui I'nii^n vi'ti'ran soUIior, ami Kniily M.ilhi'son, his « iff. They wi'ro of l''n^lisli liiu'.'ij^t', ami llu'ir A in i' r i- I'an aiu"*'stiii's wi-ro .iinonij;' llu' o.'irly Now Knjflaml rol- oiilsts, llu* lU'si-t'ml- anls of wluini fur- n i s 111- d ni .1 n y .i Uovoliilion.ar\- si>l- ilii-r. Slu' \\;is H ^■■■aihi.ali' iii l.owr I'll s i'oniini'i i-i,'i 1 (.'olliHf, al Hiiij;- hainti>n, N. \\, llio Pi'nns\ Ivani.'t Sl.-ilf N'ornial Sihool, .il n l»»onishur^;, .ami tlu' {■'lii.'ht'l NtM'inal Insiiiiiii', .It W.ish- in^lon, !>. i.". .Slu' was a sihool icaili- iT hi'hiri' iMi'irri.a^f. Sho in.'irrloil llfiiry Clay HllonlnMulrr, of Hlooinshurjj, in .HjS, am! :novi-d to .\i-hraska. She toiik an ailivi' pai I in tlniivh Hi>rl<, a^riiMiitnr.'il alf.'iirs, tiMnprr.-tni-o ami ihr W'vxiian SnlTraiTo rno\c- inrnts. Slu' is :i nu'inhi-r oi tho rroshylori.-m l."huri'h. Siiu'o 18H4 slu* h.'is ht'on allilialfil with tlu* l'rohibitii>ii Party. Slu* was liiH'nsoil lo pr.'n-tivo law, .ami bor.anu* ht'r luish.'iiurs l;iw p.arliu'r in 1SX2, si"tllin)f al l.iiuoln. I'or livo yoars slu* was Snpl. of l,ci;is- lalion aiul IVlilions of llu* N'.itlonal W.C'.T.l'., anil for four y<*ars its alloriu'y. Slu* is tlu' author of "Tho .N'iilioiial I'rohihilory tMiitii*," :ind " I'lU'lo Sam's Drinikard I"ai-li»rios." Tlu* fi>!U't*in of whiih she is Prosidont w.as oixanizod lo|iuhlisli llu*lalli*r book. Ui:\'. JOHN THOMAS NORlliWOOl A., of l..iki'sidi', Ohio, is of Kiii;lish hiith . MKAirrWAITK, tul pari'iil.i^ft*, h.iv- iii); hi*<*M horn in N'tM'kshiri', I*; n ^. , Sopt. V', I^.s4. His p.'irt*nts woro Kifh- a ril a nd .M.iry Hrailhwaili*. liort*- loivoil his primary t'diuation .il the pnhlii- schools of I,.awr**nro t'onntv, N. \'., .iml C'livn- villo County, Out., .iiul his tolli'jjiatt* loursi* was t.ikonat ■Alhort ColU*){i*, HollovilU*, Onl.,and Italilwin l*nivorsit\', HiTo.i, O. Ho also pni snod post->;railu- ali' stmlii's ;it Hos- 1011 I'nivorsily ,iiul Instituto of Tooh- iiolojfy, Host on, Mass. \lc is a inondior and mlnis- lorof tho Mothoillst l'^pisoi>pal Clniri'h. Ho is iili*ntilu*il lit t oniporaiu'i* .and politio.'d work with tho Prohibition I'.irly, ami is .also .1 iiu*mbor of tho I. O. O. T,, havin>f joinod tho lattor at llu* oarly .ly^o of 15. \\c Is also 0011- lu'i'toil with olhor rofonn .tssi»v-iatitnis. Ho has iU>tu* i-onnty work on iho pl.'itfi>rin tor tho Pri>hihitii>n Part) sima* iSS^. Ho h.as .also dono work l!iroiij;h Iho pross in th samo diroolion, havinjf boon oonospondoni of dilVi'iont tiinporamo p.ipors. His ininistorial oonnootion is wilh Iho .North llhio Coiiforonoi* of his Chnroli, .and ho has lillod tin* position of Jonrnal Soirolary of tho Conforonoo of tho Pistriot Kpworth l.oatjiio, with tlu* oxooption of om* vi*ar, ovor sinoo its oix.inizalion. \{>- tanj^ht tho soionoos in Maklwin I'nivorsity prior to altondin^ Hostoii I'nivorsity. PROHIBITION I.KADERS. 39 WILLIAM Ml'NNS was bom April 17, iH.^, in llu- C'ounly of York, l>nl. I lis liillu-r «;is of Irish ili'sii-iil, ami liis inollicr i^i' Si'oU'h lii'si'L'iit. On liM\iii>; lioiiio at till' .i>;r oi 15 vi'.irs 111' siijiu'il, al his iuoiIum's M'i|ut*sl, a ti'in|>iM'aiu-t' pli'il^f, aiul iMiili'il, ill 1H70, Willi till- Sons of Ti'inpt'raiu'o, in llu' \illa^:r of Hraylon, i>iil., aiul luTOininii nioiv anil mori' iin- prossi'il willi Ihi" mils of intoinptM'- aiu'i- 111" bi'i-anu* an ai'tivt' workiM* in llu- n nil kin All ami SioU All lain- pai^ns, liolh •.ipon till- pla 1 Co rill ami lhroiii,'li ilii' pri'ss. Ill' was latn>'l> in- slrnnii'iilal in llii> o r ^aiii/a 1 ion ol* " C'aiiail.'i 's Ni'W Tally ■■ in iSSH, of wliii'h lif was till' St'iMi'lary for iip- H aril s of I hri'i' M'ars, ^ivin^ lar>;fi'- llu' primipli's of Iho I hi' l\o\al Ti'iiiplars, Iv of both liiiii' I aihoiali inrnibi'r ml iiu'aiu ni'W iirj^aiii/alion. lit' is ami has ahvavs lakoii an ..ilivi', si'lf-sarriliiiiij; pari in all li'iii- pi'raiii't' ri'toniis. I!i' was 'iiarrti'il l>i-lobri- _'(illi, 1^75. 10 Miss Maj^j^ii' Hnnli'r, Ml. Alborl. i'>iilario, anil 1i;ls llirt'i' ilani^lili'is ami oiu" son. llo is an oul-aml-oul .iih or. ili' of Tol.il I'roliihi- lion, ami slroiijjlv opposi'il lo all liri'iiso li'^isl.iiion. Al pii's- t'lil ho is to bi* I'l.assi'il .11110111^ llio ailvani'i'il Proliibilionisis of tho L)oininion of C'aiijiila, bi'lii'\ iuL', . .as lu* iloi's, ih.at Prohi- bition is till' om- jjri'.U issui' of p u.-iimninl inipoil.inii' 111 L'.in- ailian polilii's. MUS. HAWAII U^IIN'SrON HAII.KN', Snpi'rinlonili'nl of Iho ni'parlnii'iil of Coaii' .iml Ai bilr.ilion of llii' Worlil's ami \a- lion.il \V. C. T. r., was biirii in Corn- wall -on - Iho- Hiiil- son, N. Y., Jnly 5th, iSi<). Ili-r p.iri'iils wi'ri' Oaviil and Li'lilia Cl.irk Jolin- slon. Slit' was I'llii- I'.ali'tl in lior iialivt* lot'.'ilily. Slu' is a nu'inbiM" of llu* So- lifly of Krifiiils, popularly kiit>wn as "(jnakors.' She Ii.-is lu'i'ii intiniati'ly iilftitilit'il with var- ious ^ri'.'il phil.'in- lliriipif .ami ii'torni miut'im'tits, sut'li as Iht' W.C'.l'.r., llu- I'roliibilion I'arlv, lilt' \v. I'-. M. r. of lilt' I'l ionils llninli, V. v. f., Am. V. S., \V. .N.il. 1ml. Ass., Soi'ii'ly for Ihf I'ro- \i*iilion of C'riu'lty to .\niinals, anil W'onii'irs N'.ation.'il L'tiunt'il. I'"or yoars slit' h.is l.ibtirt'tl lt> pronititf liii'st' priiit-iplfs tin llu' pl.-illorin, lhroiij;)i lilt* pri'ss, ;iml by pi'rsiinal t'lVtiils. ami imifli j;;ooil h.'is ri'siillt'il lliorofroni. Ill ftiiinfflitin wilh hi'r work slio h.as tilli'tl llii'si' iiiipori.tni ptisilitiiis, .inioniL;' tnhors : Snpt. oi Po.-u'i' Di'pl. in W. C'. T. r.; Vifi'-Pri's. in I'liiM'rsal Pi'.'it't' I'nion ; l>iri'i"lor in till' .Aint'rit'.an Pi'.ii'i' Soi'it'ly ; Troas., N.alion.al C't»uni'il of W'onii'ii of till' I'niti'il Stall's; Snpt. in \\'i>iiioirs N.'itional Inilian .\ssofi;ilioii. Slif w.'is .also *niil).ji' in tin' Liboral Arts .it thf ^ri'.al Worlil's hair ;il C'liifajjo in iSi);. Kow woiiu-n liavi' ln't'ii f.illi'il npiMi lo I'xorfiso tlu'ir \:irii"il l.ali'iils in so many ilitVi'ii'iit splu'ri-s of nsi'fiilnoss. It AITK, li.iv- :itirn in iiR., His Kith- Mary liore- iinarv I h'l- ools of onnly, tiri-n- Ont., I'ljiato kt'ii at IfRiS I., ami I'rsity, .also cr.itlu- Hos- \ .anil It'i-h- oslon, is work s .also l/i'on istt'riial -h, .'iml IMll'l' i>f yoar, laiilwill II. ii .MRS. AIUOAIL J. IIAPLKY, of (.larksvillf, (.linton County, Ohio, a hijjliU' I'stt't'ini'tl ^iiaki'ii'ss ;inil pitinoor L'rns.adcr, was born in I^amlolpli Co., .\. C, Oil. 14, iS^^o. Hi'r p.ari'iils wt'i'i' Ili'/fki.ah S. .mil .Xbig'ail C'lark. T h I' t";i 111 i 1 y b c- lon^i'tl to lilt' So- fit'l\' ot I'^rit'iiils as far b.'tfk as llio family ri'fi>rii I'x- Ii'niis, soiiu' of tlii'in ftiniiny ost'r from I'aiyl.aml with Win. Pt'iiii, tilt' t"tniiitli'r of Pi'iinsy 1\ .1 ni.a. I Ii'r p.ari'nts inovi'tl lo Imliana wht'ii slio w.'is but livi* \t'ars tittl, .ami liv'i'il on .a lariii. 'I'lu'ri', wliilo spinnini^ .iiitl wa'.av- ini;" llit'ir lioini*- iiiatli' t'liii lis, sill' li'.arnt'tl iiiaiiv of hi'r It'sstiiis, koopinjjf ;i bt*ok plat'fil wlu'ro slit' ronlil i;i'l ori'.a- sion.al ^lam-i's ;il il. Shi' bi'i;;iii ti'.irhiiii;- a fiMiiilrv si-liotil al iS, ami lonlimii'tl lo do so iiiilil marrii'il lo ll.aviil S. Il.adli'y, of Clinton Co., Ohio, l.1it. 17, iK.S.V Slii' has, from )firlliooil, bi'i'ii .111 attivi' nifmbor of tlu- " I'lii-mls Sotii'ty, " or ^naki'is. Slio has bi'i'ii .Sot-y. of a miinbi'r of Iho vi'iy laixf Yt'arly Mt'i'linifs, and a ri'|irt'si'iit.ilivo lo Ilio Monthly and yiLilorly Mi'i'liiij,rs for many yi'.ars. Hor lifi'-long" symiialliii's havi' bt't-n wilh llit' li'nipt'rani't' and I'roliibilion work. Il is s.iid of hi'r lli.il " sho was a Criis.idt'r It'll yoars bi'loro ihoro was a t '-'isailo." .\s oarly as |S6^ slio bo- ^;.an lo jfivi* Ir.arl roailin^s ami lioltl prayi'r-nit'i'lin^s in s;iloons. Thi» work rosnllt'il in i-|osin^ niort' than 0110 s.-iloon. Wlii'ii tlio W. C. T. V. w;is oixanizi'd slii' was its liisl Pros. In lior loial I'nion. MR. lAMKS KKXNKnV. of San Kramistt>, P. G. C. T. of Oroj;iiii I. O. ii. T., w.as born in P.irish Killt'^.-m, Co. Wit'klow, Iri'land, in 184(1. His fa I hi'r w ii s M.alllu'w Ki'iini'ily ;i 11 tl h i s mot lior C.'ilhi'rini' Pt'.'irson, ot' I'aii^lish ili'si't'iil. Tlioy woro farinors. Ho inarrii'tl .Miss Mary A: Ovin^flon, il.iiij^hlor of Mr. K. t>\iii^lon, .a hij^lilv rt'spt'ftt'tl anil wt'll- Iti-tlo farint'r. ThoN' liavo om- il.ui^hlor, living w i I li lior motlii'r in Uoston. Wo was t'tlm-.iii'il in Iho piiblif siliool of his n.alivo pla 00, ami omi);ratod to Huston, Mass.. in iS(i7. I lot-. :„• l>o- laiiit' a salosinan in ajfi-o.-oiy, wlior • In- lirst lo.irii'il Ibotor- ribli' ovil t>f tlu* nso oflit)iior. Iloniovod lo till' P.uilif tojist in 1.^71), .and w.as for sota'ral yt'.-irs nian- af{or for !•'. P. Collioi, [niblislior, in Los Aiifjolos, ,iml Portkuid, liro. .Assislod by his tlVorls Iho Ciooil Toinpl.ir Oiilor iH'f.amo a powor for >jot>il in iho Stato ol Oiv^^on. \io was i! 'ilor' C;. C. T, in iKi).', and was Iwito ri'-oU'ili'd. .\l iho Stato Prohibition Con- vontion in 181)4, ho w.as noniin.iti'd llioir tandiilale for Ciovornor, .and pollfil .1 l.ir>ji' ,iml 1 osporiablt' volo. lit- is .al prosont Iho junior p.aitnor of llu- tiriii of P.irk iS; Ki'iinody, Safo .and Stale Co., i,j^6 iM.arkol slifol, San l''rani'isoo, Cal. Ho is an nnt'oin- proinisin^ Prohibitionist, .ami ili'\'otos all his sp.-iro tinio lo Iho pro- motion of tho tonipi'r.ini'o i-.iusi'. Ho is now Dislritt I'. T, of Iho Ciood Toniplars, and a I'onlribulinn- inoinln'r of tho W. C, T. U. 30 PROHIHiriON LKADERS. Il I I RKV. WII.I.IAM CIKTIS STII.KS, II. H., wa- bom in Stoiu*));un, .Maiiu', Jutu- i^, 1^55' IK' is a lineal ili'si-tMulcnt on llis llU^lluTS >itU' ot I III* Ii'ish Moorfs, oi whom 'l\>n» .\Kniri' was ouv. III' is a _L;i;ulitati' oi TulVs l>ivinil\ Silioi>l, li-iiin wliii'l) lu' fi'- i-i'i\i'il his ili'i^rt'i' in 1S7'). I il' wasSi'i'V., anil Ihi'll I'ri's., of llii' Hiooklyn C'ili- /I'ns' Li'amii' that hi'jfan Ihi' a^^ilation in ihat I'ilv Tor (hi' inloi'i'i'mi'iil i>f" llu' lti|m>r laws. This i'\}ii'rii'nri' li'il liini iiilo till' I'lMli.liilion r.iiM)- ihiiin^.;' t lu* Si. John r.inipaii;!!. In Ilii" l'"isk i'a;ii- pai_L;n hi' slunipoil Now ll;ini|ishii with Or. IM-.ir I.. C";iri', t''.o ifuI'iT- nalori.'il i-anil ilaU- of llu- party, anil in ovi'fv town hi' spokf thiMV was .a ^.■lin in iho viito. .\ Ri pulilii-.in papiT s.iiil th.il no siu'n spooi'lu-s li.iil omt Ih'oii lioaiil hi'foii' in lIu' Sialo. Mr. SliU-, is now (if^'l.i) I'li'siiji'iit of llii' I'lohihilion Chih of J^o nu'inlu'is in jaikson, Miih. Ho has lii'lil proniinoni p.istof.itos in tho Coni,'roi;.ition ilonomin.i- tion in Hiooklyn, \. V.; .St. I.onis, .Mo., anil Jarkson. Ho is tlu' anthof of .1 novel, "The R.ivon anil Iho novo, .iiul .1 fiv- qiionl I'onlribnior to iiiag.izinos anil rovioHs. Muoh of his liloiai y wi>rk li.'is lioon ilono vniiliT Ihi' psoniloinin of " M.-tx." Ho w.as Olio of tho olVu o oilitois ;ukI ilolinoTs of Iho |-'iink \ W.iijn.ills Co. s .Siaiul.'ii'd niotioii.iiy. llis wife is a M.issaihiisolls woin.in IVoin Capo Cod, ilaii^^^lilor of Bonj. anil Maiv .N'owoonio, of Wolrtoot. .M.\Uri\ W.VRIl SHKI'IIKRII, of Rioovillo, IVosioit Co., 4.^111., though yol a Noimj.^ man, has ilnrin^; tho past fow yi'.'irs iKnii' oariu'st ,inil ollioiont work in his luvn ilislt'ii't in liolialf of loiiipor- aiu'o anil I'lohibi- lion. Ill' was biirn in Rii'i'villi', .\n^-. jii, i.S-o, till' son ot .Martin Slu'phoril anil l.iniis.'i H.-mnah I>t'lmi'r, his will'. Ill' was I'llni'ali'il in his own looality, .inil L;'railiiati'il iVom llio Connly Moilol Sohool .11 Iho hi'.iil oi llis I'lass. Ill' Ihi'ii i-oinnii'iii'Oil li'.'ti'hiiiL;', anil fol- lowi'il that profi's- sion for six yo.ars, Rooonlly ho ro- si^tii'il in iirilor ti> .■iltoml \'ioto ia I'ni- \i'rsitv, Toronto, lii prop.iri' hiinsolt' tor till' Mi'lliiulisl min- istry. Ilo h.is boon proniini'iitly iilonti- lioil with till' U. I". oi '['. for somo yo.irs, takini,; a vory aotivo pari in his loo.il ooniuil, anil boiiiK ono of Iho olVuors of Iho nistriol Cmnuil. wliiih in- ohuloil in ils inrisiliilion tho lOiinlii's l'ili'ni;.ir\ , Slormonl, nimilas, I'rosiolt .'Mill Knssi'll. In this work ho i-. inilof.iliijablo, iloini; i;ooil sorviio in tho loilj;i' room, .imoiii;- !iis .is' oii.itos, with his pon .ami on Iho pl.itlorm. In politios lio is Ituloponilonl, stion.kc'y f.ivoiiii>f Iho oloolion of rolialilo tomporanoo nion, irrospootivo of parly, nnrini,' Iho l.isl I'nn iiui.il oloition, .is S 'iivl.-u y of his Hislriol l.oinuil, ho jfot inlonn.ition of .ill tho oaiulid.itos io.i;.iriliii)4; Iho I'lohibilion iiuostion, .inil .liilod 10 llio oMonI of his infliioiuo siioli •as I'oiilil bi' rolit'il upon. ,5 ■■ 1 REV. CH.\RI.KS WKSI.KV CCSlll.NC, .\. M., I>. P., a proniinoni iiiinislor, oihii'alionisi .'iiiil toinp.'rani-o rot'ornii-r, was born ;it Rurki', \'l,, Juno dill, |S.'5, tho son of .M.iltlu'w .and Kosin.i \\ ooili nil' I" ns hini;. Ill' II'- ro.voil ,in oxoollonl ,'.i rl \ I'dui'.a t ion.al 1 1 .lin.ni;-, but in la^ii- ^ oi|ui'ni-i' oi iiii- p.i rod ho.illh ovuilil not tako a lobular L'nisi'rsity i-oursi'. Ilo roooivod llio dc- ■■wc of .\. M., witli- oiil roi|uosl, from \\ I' s 1 1' y a 11 I' n i- \ irsity. Ho was l:ronsod as a Motlio- .1 si miirstor in |K4,S, mil li.as ..iiii'i' tilli'tl .1 ntiiiihi'r \yt' im- porlanl si.it ^ons .vnd .'llioos. Ho was for \o;irs I'riiii'ipat ot Now bury Si'min.iry .iiid I'oiii.ilo t'oi- li'UV, and of sovor.il otiior simil.ir insli- t 111 ions. \\c do- iTinoiI iho Prosi- lioiioy of till' Stall' I'nixi'rsity .at M.ailison, Wis., wlion it was tirsi opoiiod, .and III Alli'f;h.iiiy Colloifo.il Moailvillo, I'.i. In iS7Hhowas appointod lolho mission work in ll.ily by Iho Hisliops of liisL'huroli, but I'oulil not ^o boi'.aiiso i>f p.artial par.alysis of tho ovos. \lc w.as ni.irrii'd in 18311 to Tliirza Johnson Hy or, ,ind to lior o.iro ami ijood jiiiljfiiioiit bo owes a 1. 11x0 sliaro of his inipi'ovod hoallli and olVui- cnry obtainoil ; Ihoy havi' four dauj;iitors ami two sons. In iSSj ho or^anizotl •'Tlio.Xiiu'rii'.an Roformor," .ami (or lliri'o \o.irs w.as as- sooi.itod willi Prof. A. A. Hopkins. mil Win. MoCi.it ilioil in its oditor- i.al maii.a^i'iiiont ; it w:is;iftorwarils nior^oil with Iho *' X.N'. Wiii-o." Ilo is a feurlow advooalo for llio Nat. I'loliibilion of llu- drink t radio. J(.1|IN 11. .NKWSH.M'.M, .1 vory .lotivo and pioniinont toni- por.iiui' workor in his own i'ount\ . w.is born in Cbittonani;o, Madi- son *,'o., N. \'., Ool. S, i.Sdo. llis p.ar- onts woii' Hartli' .mil Oot-.a Nows- b.mm, both nalivi's ot" Cti'iniany. \lc w.as oiiui'.ali'il in tlii' N'atos I'nioii b'ri'o Siliool. \\i- is a mom bo roll 1 11'. Mi'lli- iulisl I'lpisoopal Cliuivh. \\f has takon a doop iiitor- I'si in till' tompi'r- •aiii-o work.aniisponi niui'h limo .anil 011- i'ri;;y in tho promi>- liiin of ils inlori'sts. Ilo booanio a niom- bi-r of tho liooil Ti'inplar Ortli'r whi'ii twi'iity yoars of .a>;;o, joininj^ Mt'iiiphis l.oil^fi'. No. hX, ill iS,So, .and is now ;i nu'inbor ot l''iilton I.oiIho, No. 4J4. Hosiilos liolil- in^v.ariousposiliiins in tho subonliii.ato loilifo. ho has boon C. T. of his oounty 1ihI);o. ]\r was County Hopnty for two tonus and is at prosont C. C. T. of llswoj^o Co., N. V. .\s .1 oounty otVioor ho has boon aolivo, oarnost ,iiul untir- inif to build up tlii' intorosis ol lliooauso iind Oidor. Ilo li.as woll ilono bis sh.iro in buildinj; it up to tlio prosont prosporous ooiuli- tion il now oooiipios in tho oounly. He is an ardont supporter of Iho rroliibilion I'.iiiy, havinn' voted Ibat tiiket for yoars, wlioii- ovor be li.is li.iil the oppoitunily. Wh.iti'ver be o.in do 10 oiill.iw or abolish Iho liipioi liallio lie does most heartily. He was mar- ried li'b. ij, i.SiS^, 111 Miss Zoa Palmer, who has been a help-iiioot indeed to him in all his work, llis address is Fiilloii, N. Y, ■M m PROHIBITION LEADERS. 3« K\-X. I'K.WK IIAMII.TO.V was Imrn in Syraiiis.-, N. Y., .M:iv .'Kill, iS^i). II.' hilurils llu' rllar.uliMisliis ill' bolll his part'iits, L"liaiiiu"fy llaiiiiluiii aiul I.a- iiiira Marj^ariM \'aii W a y; c n i' ii , w li ii \vi'i>' of -liirilv \>'w KiiKlaiul aiui ll.iili'r ol' I'moil Ti'inpl.Ms. Hi' li.is lii'lil llu' posilioiis of I'oiinly C'liii'l' Ti'inpl.ar ot M.ulison C'oiinly, H. I'l. t'. T. of llio Sl.iU' ol N'l'w Yoik, ami C'oiinly lli'piily ol' Coillaiul C'oiinly l.iuljji'. From llii' liiiu' ol' his iHinviTsioii hi' pul hiinst'ir o\\ I'l'i-onl as a f'oi* 10 llu- hi|iior ii-.itlii- In- rr;irlt'ssl\ , I'l-om pulpil anil plalt'orm, jiiho- i-alim; Ihi' I'xli'rminalion of ihi' lairso hy imlivichi.'d as wi'll as I'olli'i-iivi' I'ft'orl. On soiiu' I'liai'^t's, by Iho I'irriilalion of .'I ri'monsli.'uiri' ami by otlii'r ini'ans, ho has boon ablo to I'liisi' lip llu- saloons. Mis mono is tlu' tiltim.ato ovorllirow of till' llipior IratVu" ami its fiiluro Prohibilioii. WII.I.LS V. IIKMlKUK, tli.it pl.Ki', Oi'i'. .'ml, iS^d. Mi KiilivilU', \. Y.. was born al f.ilhi'r is Sli'phi'ii K. Momlrii'k, .1 nalivo of Kast M.'implon, Mass., ami his mothi'r w;in lli'lin K. l.ymli', ol" \'i'rnii>n 1 s loo k. At'li'r bi'in^ y;r;ulii- .lU'il .11 llii' Rioh- illi- Mi^HiSihool in \H 75, hi' spi'iil lliroo voars al Oborlin, Ohio, (.'olU'^'l'. Mo is a nii'inlH'r ;iml C'li'rk of till' I'irsl i.'on^i'i'^'al i o n <'i I C'liuri'h in Kiohvillo: Si'iivl.irv of llio Y. I'.S.C. l•:.,amlSllp- l' r i n t o n d t' n I of a nourishing Siimlay S f h o o I. Mo is somi'\\ 'lal Imli'pt'ii- ili'iil in polilios, though known as a Doniooral, and was a p po i n I I' d post- m.asli'r bv I'rosi- lU'iil C'lovi'land at till' i-oniiiu'iiromt'iit of his first .'idiiiin- islniliiin, and ro- lommissioiu'il on Mr. C'U'volaml's .iifain taking ottioo. Mo is a Waidoii in KidKovillo l.oil),'.', A. 1'. «i A. .M.; .1 I). M. C. K. of the l*'orosli'rs, ;iml hoUls ollii'i's in siiborilin.ati" .ami i'ounl\' lotl^t s of tilt' I.i). ii. 'i". Mo w.is iiiatlo St'i-\'. i>f' till' St.ati' Prohibition Anu'iidmoii! Convonlion bold al Syr.iinso in iSi)o, and iiiinirdi.iloly ;ifli'rw;iri.ls took llii' pl.-ilforin in itio iiilori'sl of llu* non-p.-irlis.'in nioviuionl. Mo is sorviii^ his fourlli loriii as (.'. C. T. of Iho 1. O, (">. r. for .Si. l.,iHri'mo (."o., .iiid diirimc his adiiiinislralioii Iho Onlor h.is doiibloil in moiiilu'rship. In .April, 1X94, ho osl.iblislu'd Iho " St. L.iwroiuo Toinplar, " wliioh hi- odits ,il .1 porsonal sairi- lii'i' in till' intorosis of loiiipor.anoo ami CVootl Toniplarv. Iii-nl loni- Madi- N'.,Oot. is p.ir- Uarlli' ,\ows- nativos ,. Mi- ll in the 11 l''ri'o lo is .1 oMoth- isoo|>al llo has op intor- ti'iiipor- ndsponl and 011- ' pri>inii- ntori'sls. a nii'iii- i- liiioti Ordor ly years i o i n i n ^ l.od.ifo, SHo, and i-inbor ot iko, No. ,1,-. hold- positions lodlinate > c'oiinly I'lro Co., iiid iiiitir- ' h.is well lis oondi- porter of IS, wheii- to outlaw W.IS inar- holp-nieel Y. JOll.X J. MACl.AKKN', (J.C, D.C'.I.., l..l..n., of Toronio, one of the best known lawyers ami li'inpi'r.im-i' worki'rs in C'aii- .'iil.a, w.'is born .al l..iehiili', ^ue.. July 1, 1S4.'. Mis par- I'lils wi-ri' John .ami Jaiii'l .Mai'l.aren, n.a- tives of Seoll.ind. Ml' ).;r.aihi;iti'il in Arts in X'ieliiri.a I' ni vi'i'si I y , C'o- boiirjjf, C'>nl., in iSb.-, as >;old nied- .ilisl, the lii).;hesl honor of llu' uni- versity, .ind urailii- .ited in law at Mo- Ciill l'iii\i'rsi I \ , .Montreal. Me has be e n .1 I e .1 d i 11 j; nii'inbi'r of the H.ir of Ijmbi'i ami C^n- i.irio for many years, li.ivinjf eon- ihieleil some of llu* most i 111 port :i lit e.'ises bi'fori' Ilit' Courts of the eouii- trv. Me sui'i'ess- fiilly defi tided llie i'Oilsliliilion;ilil\- of the C'an.'iil.'i 'I'l'iii- peninee .\et in llie Canadian Supreme Court .and before the I'rivy Couiuil in Knjflaml, where lie was opposed by the lion. Judali I'. Heiijaniin, Iheii the leader of the Kiinlish Har. Me represenleil the I'rovinees of c>iit.irio .mil .M.iiiitob.i before the Supreme Court .and the Imperial I'rivy Couiuil in iSi)^, on the ipiesiion submitted by the I'rovimi.il and Domiiiioii C>overiiiiienls as lo the rijflit of the I'rovinees to prohibit. Me is a .Methodisl, a member of sue- eessive Amiu.il .iikI Cienoral Conferenees. Me is C'hairnian of the Kxeeutive of the noiii. I'robibilion .Mli.mee. ,iiid was C'li.iirm.in of the I'rohibilion I'lebiseile for C>iilario in 1X1)4. "'" is an .lulhoritv ill Canada oil all law questions rol'ciring to Prohibition legislation. K1C1IAKI> WKI.I.INC.TON W M.I.IA.MS was born at Mon- Ire.il, July i.slh, i.\i,;, son of Kii li.iril W'iHiains .ami .Anne M. llendli', both of Pavisloik.Knjf. Mis father died the \e,ir after his birth, and 111' re m o v e il to \ i e o I e t C' o 11 11 1 \- , sliidied .11 .Vieoler Collei^e, ami w.as .ipprentieed to the ilrui.;- business ;it Three Rivers in 1H70. Me w.is ifrad- u.itedfroni the Mon- treal Colle.ife of Ph.arm.aev .as n ineil.ilist in 1S77. Me then took .1 partner- ship in the driij; store ill whieli he liail bei'ii .appri'ii- tieeil, .and Later be- eame sole proprie- tor. Me ioiiied the I. O. G. t. in 1.S71; look the i;. I., de- jrree in 1S78; w.is C>rand Treasurer from 1881 to i8S()j C'. C. Templar in |8K(> .and 1887; O. ]•'.. S. in 1881); Iwiee representative to Supreme Lod),'^e, aiulsime i8f)j has been Oeputy R. \V. Ci. 'Templar for (Jiiebee. Me w.is eleeted lo the Proviiiei.al Couiuil of Ph.irm.iev for ten ve.irs; appoiiiti'd I'^xaminer nine sm'eessi\e ve.ars; w.as Seeoiul ' \'iee- Presiilent one ye.ir, and First four years, and is now President. A ineinber of the City Couiuil ami Hoaril of Trade; \'iee-l'residenl of the St. .Maiiriee Tool .and .Axe Works (Limited). In 1879 married .Aliee J. I,.ambly, and li.is one son and foiii dauffbters. .\ member of Si. .\iidrews Presbyterian Cliureh, and has been .See.- Treas. .and C'h.iirin.in of Manajfers. In polities is Independent. .A 1). S. C. R. of the I, O. F,, and 1'. O. O. G. M. of the A. K. & A. M. 3» PROHIBITION LEADERS. I i AKHKKT M. W AI,KKU, of Mrooklyii, \. V.. a proniiin-iil Ook>i| 'Ti'inplar .ttiil Piohlliitiiiii woikcr, was horn at TiiIUmi- borouj^li, N. II., May 17, 1S45. Hf was I'llui-atrJ in l)u' hi'si si-|ioi>ls t>r his liuality. Mf has hiH'ii artivvly iiU'ii- titii'il with thi* IiMii- pt'ranro work from I'arly boyhood. At Iho aj^i' 4>f 14 hi' was iniliatod into tht' Sons oi' Ti'in- pi'ranfi" division al WoU'boroujih. and was for sovt»raI yoars an ai'tivo nu'nibrr of" th.it Or- dor. In I SOS lu-bi'- i'anu' a rcsidiMH oi Maino atul tiu^k an arlivi' part in thi- %X I i'a t V rob i b i- tion ronti'sl in ihal piotu'iM* Prohibition Stalo. In iSyi ho joinotl I lu' (looil Tornplar i^rdi'r at I.t'wiston, M(,'., anti has ln'on an ailivo anil p r o n» i n i- n t iniMubor in its ranks ovi-r situo. IK' lu'ld tlio hij^iu'sl otliros in till" subordinati* and i"onnl\ lod^^i's whili' a rosiilont oi' Maiiii'. In iSSj 111* inovotl ti> llroiiklvn, .\. V., anil has i'i>ntinni>il his aji'j.frossivf work tor (.".ooil Ti'niplary and Ti'mpiManio ovor sinii*. Ill' lias bt'iMi iho ino.'ins ol ori^ani/iny; a laru^*' nninbor o\' nrw loil^'i's, bi'sidi's nuuh sirt'ni;lhi'nin_y; lliosi- aln-aily in fxisli-ni-o. Ill" is also an arlivo nuMnbor ol' tin- Prohibition Parly. Ili'has bi'on rhairnian ol tlio tlrnoral L\>inrnilt('i' ot Ihi- party in Kint^s Co., atul also Pri'siiloiil of tho Hrooklvn Toniporani'i' j.i'aijfui'. Ho lias di'vt>ti'il tnuih timo to llu' pri>ini>tit)n of tlio toinpi-rami' rolorin throuj^h lIu' sonthorn part of Ni-w York Stato. win "MOTHER STKWAKT. iT.o liown in hislor\ as tlu- Ii ol" Sprini^tiold, O., whosi- nanio iiU'r oi iho brst j^ri'at Woman's C'lnisailo, was l>inti in Piki'town. i>Iiio, April Js. ''"^'b. Hit pari-nts wori- Jamos a n il K bo r i' a Oatiii'l. Hor pai- I'lits dii'il bolort' shf was 12 \ oars o( ayfi' and sho was thrown i>n hor own ro- soinvos. Sho ai"- i| n i r'l'il sii till' ion t oiluoation to loaoh, anillatoion roaohoil a Liooil posit ii>n amoni; iho odma- tors i>t" hor nat.vo Slalo. Sho hoi-amo a nu'inbor ot Iho Motliodist t'hnroh in hor ibih yi'ar,;inil during all lu'i' Ittni^ anil ovonlln! lilo lias boon noti'il tor hoi" philainhropii', pa- Iriotir anil thris- 1 ian wo r k . Sho joinotl t ho (.lood Ti'mplai' Ordor In iS^Saml was a uso- (iil monibor in its ranks. When tho ^--roat oivil war oamo i»n hor hnsb.'.nd, Hiram Stowart, aiul his two sons woni ti> tho bonl as vi^luntfors. Sho at tirst doviMod hor limo to _i4:alhoriny: supplios and forwarding thorn ti> tho siik ai]d wonndod. Sho linally wont hersoH and booanu' Iho mirso and frioTul to tho ** boys in bluo." It was from thoin sho >i:ot tho namo oi' " Mothor Stowart, " by whioh sho will always bo familiarly known to tho wurld. Sho oarly took an intorost in tho "Woman's Movomont ' in tho tom- poranoo work. In J.'iiuiai \ , iSyj, sho ;ulilrossod a larj^o amlionoo in hor own oitv, ami obtainod a ploilj;-!' of a lar^o nnmbor of womon lo stand by tho drunkarils' wives in prosooutinjf tho liipior sollors. MKS. MAKV K. MKHAIPV, i^f llorrin^- P, O., *^hio, woll known as an oihioator and tomporanoi- workor, was born in liri'on Coimly, O., in 1SJ4. Hor p.'ironts woro Mr, and Mrs. Josoph Kiihanlson. Thoy movod to noar Lima, tho ooimty soat of Allon Co., whon sho was but two years old. The looality was then an almost nnbrokon wililornoss with jnst ont>nj;"h iloarinj^ ti> build a \o^ honso, into whioh thoy nunod boforo tho doors and windows woro fixod in plaoo. Tho wild bo.'ist s howloil arounil, and Iho bi^ toy; hro in- sido kopi thom at bay. Hor fat hor was ono of tho lirst sohool toaohors In that oounty, and was tho prinoipal I'dnoalor for \o;irs. Sho bo^'an ti'aihin^ whon lb yoars old, ami oontinnoil to i\o so muil marrioil. Tho family have always boon tlooply intori-slod In tho odnoational intorosts o\' tho oounty. Sho has boiMi ilooply inlorosti'd in tho Pri>hibition Part\' movomont sinoo its (irst oxistonoo, and is aKo a warm ailvooato M tho oipial franohiso ri'fi>rm. Sho sont a loltor o\' ooriiial j^^ri'oliiiLi' to tho lirsi i-t>untv i>rj4'an:/alion oi ih.il parly. Sho was ono i>f tho ai livo partioipators in tho j^-roat *.>lho C'rusado work, and has boon ilooplv intori'stoil in tho work o\' that "Chilil o( tho Crusado " — till* W. C T. L'., ovor sinoo iSS:^. Sho has oooupioil tho pi>sitioii oi' Stalo \'ioo-Prosidont. Sho has lakon an aotivo intorost in the nu>vomont of soionlitio insiruotiv>n in tho si'hools, \<\:\\ O. j. HI.ACKI'OKO, of IbiKinon. Mioh.. a woll-known mini^tor, lomporanio wiili'f anil speaker, was born in Halilwin oitv, Kas., Sept. ist, iSby. His father, Rev. Ira Hlaokford, was a di'soi'ndi'nt from the Seotlish nobleman beariii);' that namo, and his mi>thor, Leah M. Hlake, had in hor veins iho Lee blood, whii'li in earlv ilays lij^iii-i.^l si> I'onspii'u- onsly in Maine and X'irjfinia, and whioh was so pi'imhnont in the hrst Ameri- oan Congress. I le was oduoati'il at Clarnetl and Law- ri'noo, Kas. ; he also reoeived several years of private tnte!a>^o to lit hitn for his present oall- ii));^. \\c is a min- ister i>f the t'iospel al Hri^:hton, .Mioh., and bein^^ a thor- im^h linj^-nis t , is looked upon as authority in his Conference on mailers pertaininj^ to Hebrew, lireek, Chaldean o*- Latin lanj^^ua^^os. For several yoars he has been a prominoni lemporaiuo worki-r. He has boon an enthusi- aslie and otVeotivo moinbi-r i>f tho C», T. i>riler. He was for two yoars the liratul Sooy. of that Order for L.iko Superior Cirand Lodjfo. He doolinod the oPiio of Ci. C. T. beoause of ji^roat de- mands on his time. Wo was tho loader in proseeulin^ the first ease in his State for violatinj^ the law relative to bondsmen for liquor lioonsos, whioh boi-amo a o;(so i>f more than orilinary State inter- est. One of tho loadinii;- lemperanoe journals pronounoes him "The Tompor.imo Orator of his State. ' His address is Bri>fhton, Mich. PRO HI urn ON lkaders. 33 ■)liio, Wl'll 1 in ilri'iMi ., in iH34' nts wero rs.JoM'l'li in. Thi'v to m'Jir • I' o u II t y klli-n Co., \v;is lull i old. The ;is tlu-n all I n b r o k iMi .s witlijust •It'aiinX to of{ lunisi', liih tlii-y iH'i'oii' I lie il windows ■d in |)l;uf. id lu-.i>ts iri>iiiul. .'Old loi; liiv in- )l tluMii at IT la til or of till- first liMcliers in iiintv, and |iriiuipal II- for > i-ars. an liMi liiiiJC ) yt-ars old, 1,1'vo .ihvays llu- lOiiiity. IV nioviMiu-nl of tlio I'ljiial i-tinn to till- OIU' of till' and hasboi'ii Ciusadi' — 1 tlu- position iloivst in tlu- JOSKI'II COOK was born at Tii-oniliMOKa, .V. \. Jan. .'6lh, |S(S. He was i-diuali'il at I'liillips AcailiMiiy, Andovrr, Mass., N'ali' ColU'>;i-, and Harvard, >;railiial- h^^; from tin- lalti-r with lii^;h hoiuirs in |S()5. Ill- iifxt spt'iit four yt'.'irs al AiuloviT Tlu'olo);i- viil St'inin.'irv, >civ- inj,' spi'i'ial.illonlioii tion lo .ulv.'iiift'tl ri'- jij^ioii.-. ;tiul pbiloso- pbiial lluf for two years with riioluik.Jiilius.Miil- l*'r, Diirru'r .-mil Kiino l'"islu'r, alU'r wliifh III' Ir.avolU'tl in Italy, Cirt'oco, Tnrki-y, Syria and K^vpl. kiMiiriiin)Lj, lu* took up his ri'si- iliMU't' .It Htiston, ;uul onliMVil iipi>n hi . spoiial work as a Ifi'turi'r oi\ tlio ri-lalions of ri-li- ^itui ;iiul si'ii'iuH'. Tliroiifjh his Icrturi's Mr. Cook has In lonii' a rciotfiiizi-d rhanipion of 01 thoiloxv, known anil honori'il throughout tlu" C'hrislian wiirlil. Kli'vt'ii volunu-s of his U'Oturi's liavo ln'i'ii publislu-il in ihi' Initi'd St.ili-s ;ind thirli'iMi in Kntcland. In Hoslon Mr. Cook has iK'liv- i-ri'd ono huiulrt'd .iiul nini'ly-foiir li-rliiifs on llii" most ilitliiiill philosophiral. siii-nlilir, soii.il, andJ,polilii;il7lopiis. Kniiiu-nl .ts .1 Ii'i'luri'r on phitosophv anil ri'li^ion, lu' is'noiu* llu* K'ss as a ilislinifuishfil .iiid |)owi-rful .idvoiati' of tol.il .ibstiiirnco and I'roliibilion. Ht-iv hi- stands hi-sidi- Ni-.d How, Kraiut-s Wil- hud .Old John Ci. Woolli-y in Hit- front r.ink. His li-iiiiiv on " Ali'ohol .iiul till- lluiii.tn Hrain," is .1 ilassii- with tin- li-iiipi-r- anri- i'i-fornu*rs. c; ^i ■ ISAKKI., LAOY HENRY SOMKRSKT, tin- i-ldi-si dauKliK-r of Karl and Coiiiili-ss Sonu-rs, of Kastiior Castli-, l.i-dbury, KiiKland, w.is born in 1><,SI. .\l lii-r fathi-r s lii-ath shi- siii-i-i-i-ili-d to Ihi- iiihi-riliimi- of his v.'ist t-stati-s ,'iiul i in nil- n so woallh. Hor'ii to an inliorit- .■iiioo 111" i"ultiiro, ro- lini'ini'iil ;inii wi-.'iltli slu- was niarriod in iSyj to I.orii Soiiior- st-t, soi'iiiiil son ot' tlu- Oiikt- oi' Hoaii- forl, and in 1H74 her onlv son w.'is born. I lor lifi- was passod in till- ^■ayi'sl K^t' l']niL;'l;i nil s arislo- I'ratii- socioty, and with this sho sooni- d o n t o 11 1 II n I i I iKK,, wlu-n doop spiritual lon>jf in jj;*s awoki- within hor tioart. Sho listi-noil to I h o lu-;ivonly voioo, ;ind turning .isido from tho );aio- tios of fashionabk- lifo, to K.islnorCas- tlo.sho soujjhl b\- pr.'iyoi-.-intl sliitly of tho Sorijitiiros to li-arii tlu- will of Ciotl. .Shi' I'.'inio forth from tlial porioil of pr.'i\or ,'iiid Hiblo study a oonst-or;ilod d.'iii^lilor of tho Kin^. Tho duty of sookin^ llu- wol- fart- of lu-r l.'ir^i- ton.'intr\' h:ivin^ iloi-ply improssod lu-r ho.'irt, sho was oonfrontod al onoo by llu- ilriiik problom. In 1HH5, at llu- liltlo vill.ijfo of l.odburv, w illi forty of hor lonants, slu- sijjiu-d tho plodffo. Slu- li.'iil lu-arly ono Inuulrod thoiis;inil lonants in K.asl l.iinilon, ;ind for tlu-si- hor Ill-art was movod with tho oonip.ission of ,1 mot lu-r, and slu- wont forth to sook .anil s.'ivo tho lost. -Slio is lo-day I'rosiili-nt ot' tho British Wonion's Tomporanoo .\ssooialioii, and \'ioo-Prosidonl- at-lar^fo of tho World's Women's Christian Temperance Union. a well-known n in Haldwin :;is.,Sept. I St, His f.illior, ,a Hlaokford, ilosoondonl llu- Sootlisb nan boariiiK laino, .Old his , l.oab M. , h.id in lu-r llu- 1.00 blood, ,-arly days il so ooiispiou- in Maine and ilia, ;iiul wliioh pioininoiil hrsl Amori- .'on^ross. \i^' oiluo.itod .it 'II .and 1..I1V- , Kas. ; be also vod several . of private I,,, to lit hiiti pioseiil oall- II I- is a iniii- ,il Iho Ciospol ii;lilon, Mioh., H-iiifT a Ibor- lin^nist, is od upon as ^ to Hebrew, \oars be has ■on .111 enthusi- - was for two iuporior llrand o of j;roal ilo- \fr the first ease nieii for liquor ary Slate iiilor- inios him "The ijthlon, Mich. I Ur .MARN O. I'ERC.l'SON, Supl. of \. V. Si.-ite W. C. T. I'., Dept. of Soldiers ,iiid Sailors, and I'res. of Ononda^ja Co., \,Y., W. C.T.I'., w.'is born in I'o 11 >f h k oe ps i o, l>HlibossCo., \. Y. \\ bill- tiuito youiij^ lu-r p.'irenls, Klain .■mil C'.'ithoriiu- l>nn- b;ir, inovoil to C'orl- land Coiinly. .Slu- tinislu-il lu-r eduoa- lion .'it till- Homer .\eadi-my, and was married to .Alonzo H. Keixuson when J I ye.ars of .'1)4; i-. 'I'lie first yo.'irs o\' their married life w ere s p e n I i n Wilkosborry and Williamsporl, I'.i., when- Mrs. I'*er>fu- son w.as vi-ry ;ii"ti\o in Cliuri'h anil S.'ib- b.'itb Si'hool work. About this time slu- iili-nt i lioil herself with tho Orilor of Ciooil Templars, and is still a mem- ber ; .llso of I be CouiU'il of Roval Ti'inplars of Temperanee. In 1873 .Mr. and Mrs. Fer>;uson, with their four ebililron, moved to Syracuse, at which lime she united with Park Presbyterian Church. .About sixteen years a>;o she iH-^an to realize more fully than over the jfrowin^ evil of intem- perance and llu- need of earnest workers in the field. Observation I onvinced lu-r that Ibis was the ne>flocled work of the Church, and ■-lie concluded lo make it hor special life work. Mrs. KerKuson, being- relieved fri i 1 iiousehold oaros, is >fivin(f nearly her entire lime to Gospel Timporance work, and with great success. She I-. ofteu called to speak upon the subject of Prohibilioii, as well as lu-r special depurtmenl ii, cuniieclioii wilh the W. C. T. U. WHJ.IAM BOW.MAN, E.Sg., an old and much respected citizen of I.ondon, Out., is one of tlu- best known and most ro- li.'ibli- toinporjince and Christian work- ers of the Province. He was born in Liverpool, England, M.ircii iH, 1H20, and rt-ci-ivoil bis educa- lioii ill Ib.it city. He li.-is bt-i'ii ,'i residenl of London, Onl., for many years and has .always taken a prominent position in busiiii-ss ,'ind in moral and social re- torni movements. He has boon for some time Suporin- tondent of the I.on- don and Port Stan- ley Uailw.iy and an inlluoiili.il alderman of the city. Ho is an active and ze;il- ous member of the Methodist Church. For about twenty years he h.is been Superinlendenl a t OundasSlreet Cen- ter Methodist Sunday School, and previously occupied similar posi- tions in other churches, both in Canada and England. He is also an able loc.il preacher, ;ind a cl.ass leader for many vears. He lias long been a st.iuiich temiH-rance worker. Being an able speaker and an excellent writer he has used voice and pen effectively in the promotion of the Prohibition movement. He took a prominent part in the great Plebiscite campaign of i8gj, in which his own city gave a sweeping ptipulai verdict for Prohibition. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the London and Western Ontario Prohibi- tion Cnion. He has done much in influencing the church lo which he belongs to take a noble stand on all moral reforms. r 34 PROimUTION LEADERS. RKV. JOHN !••. CUH'tllKK, 11. P., of H.illiiiu.iv, Mil., I'lrsi- deiit oi till' larm' NWiman's i.'nIU'^i* in thai rily t ^ was ln>rn in W'aiU's- Ihmo, I'.i., Jinu- 7lh, 1S45, till- \oiui);i'st siMi ()| |)r. Ji>lin iti>tu'liri'. I If );i'ail- iiali'il iVnin niikiii- soii C'olU'jio in |H<>8, »»im"i* wliit."h tlu' ilf- mft's t>!' A, M. and |). H. havr bt'i'n itniti'ru'il i>n him liy llu' sanu' institiilion. Ill' inarrii'd Miss Mary C. KisluT, ot' HalliiMort' L'ti., who has hi'i'ti a worthy ht-lp-nu-cl to liini in all his luibit' Wi>fk. I'ivf iliililri'ii havt' ht'i'ii lu>rn 111 tlu'in, ihrci' tit wlunn an* 11 ti w li vi i\yi. H c I'Mlt'ii'il till' minisirv oithv M. K. Chnivii in iS(k>, and has Invn a very sui'- ri'sshrl worktT rvrr sinri'. I li' was vrrv s u iTt'sslii I in his pastoral work ami in rhuri'h btiiUlin>^, paying spfi'ia! atlontion to thi' inissionai) and rihtralionat ini>vi'- nu-nts ot tlu' L'hurih. Ho has bi-i-n a ini'mbfr ot tin- tti'nt'ial C"i>n- Ct'iviut' lor yoars, and ot" sonu' i>t' its most important ronnuitlrrs. Years a^o ho hi*>;an tv> laki' a ilct'p intiTi'si in Ihr I'diu-alion ot tlu' colort'd pt'opli' Sonth, and took a piiinnnom part in llu* t'stahlish- mtMit oi" Morj^an C'olU'i^^o, Hallimoio, tor ihat ptnpost*, as wvll as similar srhools t'lsfwhori*. In iSSi lu* piojoi'tt'd ami diroiit'd tlu' orjfanization of llu* Anjjlo-japam'so Collo^o at Tokio, wlinh has been very sueeesst'ul. lie isa menibi'r otihe Hil. ot'Trustees ol'llie Ang^io-Chinese College at l-ooehow. I'or the past Ww years he hfis been eonneeted with the Baltimore Woman's c\>llej;e as President, JOHN TELFAIR FIELO, of St. Louis. .Mo., a well-known Prohibition worker oi' that eity. was l»orn in the eily i>f New York, Dee! \, iS^S. He was prepared to en- ter the Sophomore elass at Rut j^ers Coll.. but ill health p r e V e n t e d . II e mi>ved to St. Louis in iSS^ ami was (or a time enica_i;-ed in niereani ill- business, siiu'e whiih he has been mostly en- i;aj4t'd in j^old and silviT minini;:. In J.inuary, i S()^^, he marrii'd Miss Mary Adel.iide Childs, now a prominent W. C T. I', worker in St. Louis. They are K>thmeinb»'rs of the Cent I'n.'ir V M. K. t'hureh. South, hav- in^^ lu'en eonverted in Keliruarv, 1^57. He is a member o\' t h e Prohibition Party, easting* bis first vote on lliat ticket ft>r Hon. J. P. Si. John in rSS^, haviniL; previously been a Dem- ocrat. In iHt)o he was the PniJiibilion eandidate for Cong^ress, froni 9th (now the I2tb) Distriel of Missouri, wliieh eandidaey eost him a very lucrative position as secretary of the Ciranite Mountain Mining Co, He esteems political independence and principles oi' nu>re value than dollars and cents. In iSqj he was the Prohibition can- didate for Mayor of Si. Louis, and in 1894 was one of the Prohibition Presidential electors for hi« Sfale. His work consists chiefly in writing for "The National," of St. Louis, and otlu*r Prohibition papers. He has been a very active worker for the advancement of temperance and a liberal contributor fiiinncially. He looks for the final triumph of the Right. RKV. DANIKL HORCIIKSTKR, P. P., of Melrose. Mass.. ilisiinguislu'il author .ind worker, w.is born in Puxbury, .Mass., Marcli I ith, 1H27 II*' was educated .it Niirwich .Acad- emy ami the Wes- leyan liiiversit y, both in Connecti- cut. From the lat- ter institution he receiveii tlu' de- grees i)i' M. A. and O. I). When JO years oUI Iieentereil the ministrv of tlie .M. K. Church, and pre.'icheii nine ye.irs i n Con nee t i cu t , since which he has lieen in teailing cities in Massa- chusetts. He was elected to the State Senate of Connecti- cut, ami the House ot' Representatives of .Massacliusetts. He was also ap- pointed Chairman of Commissioners on Idiocy in Con- necticut, to enquire into their number and condition, and the possi- bility of improvement. In iHS(> President Harrison appointed him Supl. of the Imlian Schools v»f tlie V. S., which positiiin he held (ov nearly live years, travelling t)(>, 000 miles ami visiting owv 100 Indian Reservations, discli.irging his duties energetic.illy ami jmlicii>usly. Heliasbeena vi-ry popul.ir .luthor. Ilisgieat work, "Tlu* Lii|ui>r !*ri>blem in All Ages, " is coiisidereil the nu>sl ci>mprehensive .imi in- structive treatise of the whole question, in a single volume, yet pub- lished. Among his otiier books are : ** The ProbK-m of Religious Progress," "C'hrislianily i?i the I'nited States," "Romanism vs. The ScluH>l f Kansas, served as Supt. of Public Instruction, and was IJonora y Commissioner to the Austrian Universal Exposition at \'ienna. % PROHIBITION LEADERS, 35 roHi-, Mass., biirv, Mass., Il'lll, i«.!7 as fducaliHl rwirli Aiad- lul llio Wi's- IniviMsit y, ill C'liniH'iti- ■rom till' lat- slilulion !»■ vi-il llu- iK'- iil M. A. ami W li I- 11 20 oUllu-i'iiliTfcl inisliy of iIh- I'liiiivli, ami \icil tiim-yi'ars 11 111' o I i I' 11 1 , whuli I"- lii"* in U-ailiiiK s in M.-issa- ■tts. Ho was i-d to tin- Sl.'ite li" olConm'ili- iiid tlu- IKniso U'pivsoiilalivi'S lass.icli 11 setts, was also ap- ted Cliaiiniaii oiiimissioiuTs Idiocy ill Coii- 1, ami llu- possi- 1 .ippoiiili'd liiiii it ion 111- Ih'1'1 loi' ovor 100 Indian ami jiidiiioiisly. ■k, "Till- l.iqmir -fluMisivo .and in- voliiim-, yi't piil'- U-iii of Ki-liKJo"^ onianisni vs.Tlu- fl'oi'iu li.ivi- ln'fii n'lam i- poi>plo. IS, a wi'll-Unown II in Hi'lniont Co., , Oi-t. .'Htli, \i^2H, ■ son of John and iry Davis Knox. • was idmati'd at (TiTson eolli-m' nnfl'sConinu-r- il Siliool. At tlie if 17 ho joiiiod M. K. Cluiroh, d in 1H50 ontoiod I'ittsinirj; Coii- lO as a inin- In 1S6S ho li:iiisfi'irod to Kans.is Coiifoi- llo lias boon hoarty lonipor- woikor, ill Iho ilpit, in his pas- il dulios, on tlio lit form, in t ho j;o room, anil oii^h the pross. took a vorx •livo and promi- nt part in llu iit oonlost for onstitutional Tro- hitioii in Kan.sas hiih rosiiltod s.' f tho Kansas Stat khohastravollol lalf of Prohibitioi . was odilorof til • oontributor to tl'-' n politics ho is i of Tomporanoe, a od olovon dogre s •liof Association 'f lid was Honora v ition at Vienna. -S SIR SAMIKI. I.KONAKP Tll.l.KV, K. f. M., C.. C. B., of St. John, and ox-l.ii iit.-C'iovornoi- of .Now Mriinswick, is one of the oldest and most prom i noil t of the puhlic I'rohibition- ists oi till- nonun- ion o\ C'an.'iila. I lo was born in Cla^o Town, ^neon's Co. , \. H., .May Sih, iSiS, ;ind educated ill Iho liramm.'ir Si'hool of his native town, lie spent soiiu" vi'ars in sui'- ci'ssl'ul business in Si. John, \.H., and has b\' his energy aiiil .'ibility obtained more positions i>t trust .'1 11 d h o 11 o r than probably iiny otiu'r man in his native Province. He was for years a monibor of the \. H. I'rovineial Par- liament before C'oii- fetloration, and (iii- .'illv bei';inio Proni- ior of the Provincial liovernniont. Later on he boi-amo a member i^i' tho l)ominii>ii Parliament. He was t"or years ;i member of the noniinii>ii (iovorniiient, iinil jibly lilli'd the positions of Hon. .Ministorof L'ustoms, .-iiul Hon. .Ministi-r of l-'in- anco. Kelirin^, he was ;ippointed I-ieut.-('iovoriior oi' his native Province, and tilled lli.at position two ti'rins. He has bi-i'ii a lifo- I lonj; tenipeiauce worker ; is one of the oldest mombors of the S. of I T. in tho earlier, having tilloil llio hi^liosi pnsitions in l;is local Dlvis- I ion, tho l"id. niv., and the Int. Olv. His heart hav always boon true I to the cause and C")rder. In 1S55, when Premier, he introtliii-od ,'ind f carrii'il throuji^li Parllam't the first Proliib"n l.'iw on;iciod in Canada. ' It went into force in iK^b, but w.is repealed by Iho next P.irliamont. MI.SS JE.SSIE E. ACKKRMAN, the till' W. (.". T. v., h.'is bfcoiuo well known, W'orltl's Missioiiarv oi by reputation al least, to all intolli!.feiit workers in lli.'it ^ri-at or^:ini/atii>n. She is :in .American by birth, but may well claim, as did John Wesley, that "the World is my parish." She has b o o n r o e e n 1 1 \' spoken of as "The one woman who has twice travelled round tho world, laborinjjin the ^ro.'it cause of human jiro- >;ress — toniporanco, Christianity, and the uplifting of liu- ni.'inily." John G. Woollt»v tloscribes her as the " second jfre.'itest woman in .\morica," pultin^, i>f course, Kr;ini'es Willard in the first rank. As a travel- ler, lecturei', organ- izer, and reformer, her record has been truly wonderful. Space can only bo founil here lo fjivo a synopsis of some of tho statistics in connection with Jt. She li.is been seven years devoted to this work, and has trav- elled 150,000 miles, visited 510 cities, jjiven 560 addresses, and 976 llcoturos. She has filled 210 pulpits and visited qio saloons. She [has initiated 1)40 Ciood Templars, and induced 9,986 to join the ' W. C. T. L'., besides jfotliiiff 21,840 men to siffii the pledjro. She has formed 260 local W. C. T. L's, 2 colonial, and 2 national. Has beenpresonledto 2 Kinffs, 10 Asialie Princes, 2.Sultans,_-) Princesses, 2 Rajahs, 1 Emperor and Empress, 2 Queens, 2 Governors, and has been a momber of 10 deputations to I'arlianients. She has travelled by oHinel-carts, .sedan chairs, etc. Her address is Carlisle, Pa. FKANCKS ELIZABETH WH.LARD, LL. D., reformer and phil.'inthi'opist, was born near Roclustor, N. V., .Sept. 28, iHjq. She inheritod from her parents, Josiah Willard and Mary '['lioiiipsi>n H ill, i-i.iny notable >{'"'*• ;inil ^rew up at For- est Kami, Wis. At 18 she entered the N'orlhwostern Ee- niale Colle^fo, jfrad- ii.atin^ with v.'ilodic- lory lionors in 1859. I'll on followed 16 \e.'irs i>f successful toacliiii)if in public schools .and col- lides. Her career .IS ;in educator was uii>st brilliant ;ind -uccossfiil. Stirred by tho temperance crusaili' in Ohio in 1 87 J, slu- accepted in 1874 the call of the Chica^ro W. C. T. L'., and (jave herself up to ffospel ti'inperani'o work, with "m.'irkod suc- cess." Erom this piiwor, .■iiid popiil.'iritv w.asphe- point .Miss Will.ird's rise in position, , , , , - nomenal. She boc.ime ;i convert to wom.iii sutVr.itfo in 1876, assisted Mr. .Moodv in evaii>;felistio services in 1877, helped found the " I'nion Signal ■ ill 1H82, was elected Prosiilont of tho National W.C.T.U. in 1879. She w.is eloclod ProsiilenI of tho Worlds W. C. T. U. in 1887, and still holds this liij,'li pusition. Joseph Cook calls her " the niosl widolv known ;ind llu best beloved woin.in in .America." Her published volumes ,ire : " Niiiotoon Meautitiil ^'e,•^rs," "Hints and Helps in Tonipor.iiice Work." " How to Win." Woman in the Pul- pit," " Woman and Temperance," " Glim| 's of Kifly Years," "A Classic Town," and ".\ Youiiff Journalist." THO.MAS HYDE LORH TAI.l.COTT, of Glastonbury, Hartford Co., Conn., is not only one of the most prominent tem- por.'inco workers in his State, but one of the hijjhost offi- cials in throe lead- ing .N'.itional Teni- pi'rancol')rilers,and one of the founders of the Prohibition Parly. He was born .\Li y 14, 1829, in til a si on bury, the son of .As.-i and Polly Lord Tallcott. The family are anionjf the oliii'st in Conn., descended from John Tallcott, who o.ime bom En^fland in 1632, and settled in Newtown (now Cambridge), Mass. j moved to Hartford, Conn., in 1636, and built Iho first frame house in that place. Deacon Benjamin Tallcott, bis g-reat jcroat K'"'*"'l'''tber, built the first frame house in Glaston- bury, and siirroundeil il witli palisades ;is a proleolion from Indians. It was in this house the subjoot of this sketch was born, and in which he now resides. He was married in 1858 to Lucy A^fnes Hill, of Boston, who died in 1885, leaving one son, T. H. L. Tallcott, Jr., born June 9, i860. Mr. Tiillcott, has been a practising attorney and trial judge for many years. He is a P. G. W. Patriarch, S. of T., P. G. C. T. of Good Templars, P. W. T. of Temple of Honor, besides similar positions in other Orders. He planted the Good Templar Order in Rhode Island, and has organized over ,1 hundred lodges, working in N. and S. Carolina, Connecticut and elsewhere. He is aCongi egationalist, an ordained preacher, and an evangelist. 36 PROHIBITION LEADERS. KKV. JOHN WKSl.KV HKI.I.. ». P., was bom ol Irish Can- ailian paiviils (lalliiT, Jiiliti Hi'llliii tin- C'lnmty ol I'l'lcihoroiinh, lliil., Scpl. lolli, 1H47. Mi" rt'iTivi'ti his i'itiu'.'ilioii al the roMiiiii' Is, IVi.mI- il- ^B^^ U'Kial ^ ^^ afil Uni- r ^^^ .. oiir^^, _ f> cl.-K'i>'<- ^B*^^^ TT ill 1S77. Av>ck i»ii a la III) ill his \ouii^*'r tiays ili'- Ni'Kipt'tl a physli'al slii'ii>,'lh ol i^ifal si'r\i*'f. Ill* st'iAi'il as a voliinti'iT ihir- i !i >; 1 h I' !•' I' 11 i a n lii'iihU's ol' 1 S()() ; lalcr ohiaiiii-il a niitilar\' si-ln>ol ccv- tiliialt', a nil was i-oiii niissiotii'il as a 11 o (li I" I* r. II I' sfrvi*il his i-hnrrh witii lioiu>r anil ilis- liru-liitn on si'viM'al liflils in l')iitaiioanil Maniliiba, inrluilin^ W'innipiXt anil was loin' timi's C'hainiian ol his Pislrirl. niiiin^c all l\is iniiiisliy lii' look a )fri-al inti'ii'sl in tlii' ti'iiipiTaiui' i|iu'slion, anil in his lol- li'kfi' varalions niailf Ifiliirinjf lours. Ilo has so iii.isiiMi'il ihi' i|nt>stii>n Ih.al ti'W piuipli' unih-rstaiiil its v.'irious phasi's hottfr. .\s .1 spoakiT III" is al all liiiirs inlfit'slinjj, anil nol inrivinii'iilly i-loi|iiiMil. Sinro iHqo hr has ilovotfil his lime wholly lo tiMiipiM- anie work, as .Missionary .Siipl. lor i>iit. of thi- K. T. ol T., anil has p.ovi-il a mosl I'lhiii'iil olliii'r. lit- was marrioil lirsl in 1K71) lo Mafftfii" \'. Kohison, who ilii-il in 1.SH5, anil soronil in 1HS7 lo .Mary V. Mamoik ; ol' this union hi' h;is two ihililri'ii. Hi' is an Indi'- pi'iidonl Consi'i'valivi- in politiis, plaiiii); Prohibition lirsl. III.XKI.KS K. STOKKS, I'llilor of "Thi'Sl. I.onis Nalioiml," was born ;il i";ip»' (Virarilfan, .Mo., \o\'. J,v ''^.S-- ^^^^ fathi'r, of I I't'l.'inil, anil his niothcr, of l*itts- biir^r, I'a., wi'iil to I'.'ipt' iiir.'irilrau in llif farly Ihirtii's, rrniovin^c lo Dunk- lin Co. in iSfii. Ill' livi'il on a farm thi' prinripi'il part oi ihf tiini' lip to 1S7J. His I'llui'.'ition was oht.'iinril iiiori' from his fathi'r's library th.'iii fri>ni atti'iiii- aiirf at srhool, whii'li, howi'Vi'r, In* iliil iitti'iiil for thri'i' short pi'rioils. IK- I'li'rki'il in a I'ountry stoi I' for somi' timi'. In iH7_i ho I'lij^ajji'il in I ho iii'wspapi'r hnsini'ss, anil has hi't'n following th;it t'Vi'r siiii-i'. In 1S75 hi' wont to Di-xtor, .Stoililaril Co., anil OS t a b 1 i s h I' il till' " Kiili'rprisi' - M i- s- s.-njjor," whii'h hi' piihlishi'il forjwi'nly M-ars. Ho solil llu- papor in |K<)4, wriil to .St. I.iniis anil look ihar>ro of tin- " Missouri V'oiii'," now tho "St. I.onis X.itional." \lc w.is for m.iny yoars a noiiioiiat, .inil al 0110 linio a iiii'inbor of the Sl.iti' L'l'iilr.il Commilti'o, but It'll tlii' p.irty on aooouiil of its whiskoy roooril. Ho has boon .1 total ahslainor, anil an ailvooalo of tomporamo anil I'rohibilioii from boyhood, and, wliilo a Doniooral, would nol support whiskoy mi'ii for olVuo. Ho was olooli'd M.iyor of Doxtor in iSSi) as a known Prohibitionist, and was twii'o I'l'-i'li'i'toil. Hi' was olootoil Cli;iir- man of Iho I'rohihilion Sl.ito Conlral Coininiltoo in iH()4. Ho is an arilont advoiato of oqual sulTraffo. i HO.\. HOMKK LK\I C.ASTI.K, tho son of Or. A. ». and Mary \V. Castlo, was born July jotli, 1K50, al Clydo, Ohio. Hi'^innin^ his I'lhi- I'ation i'll iho publio sohool, ho .iftor- w .'I r d s roi'i'i voil diplomas from H'';i\'or Colli'^o anil till' l*nivi'rsit\- oi .Miolii^.'in, ^-railu- .'i 1 in^', from .\nn .Arbor in iHSi. In iSS} ho was ad- iniltod to llu* Kar, whi'ri* his si>nnil juilffinonl, unlir- 'u\^ viicilaiii'i', ;inil boimilli'ss I'xpi'ili- i'ni-\', soon brouj^lil him 10 Iho from. In iHHtt 111' was in.ar- riod to Roll K. Kink.'iiil. I n 1 81)4 Mr. Castlo was tho Prohibition nomi- iii'i' for l.ii'nti'nanl- Ciovi'rnor iW Pi'nn- sylvania, and his voto, whioh was Iho larj^esl ovor jfivon a straight ProhibilionisI in Iho Stato, fully atloslfd tho wido reach of his popularity. As an orator he ranks ainon)^ tho Hrst in tho .Slali- of Penn- sylvania, bein){ easy and lommandinjf in manner, fearless but merciful in his denuniiation, clear in his grasp of thought, and logical in his method of stating it. His mind is com- prehensive, and his knowledge broad and general. He is striking in his originality, and has the rare gift of com- bining humor with eariieslnoss, which holds the ear of those who disagree with him in his views, and makes them willing and attentive listeners to truths which waken and stir the conscience. PHINEAS ADKI.BKRT Bl'RDICK, now deceased, sihmiI an active and useful life in the cause of God and humanity. Ho w.'is boi'ii in Ho Ruyter, .Madison Co., N. v., Sept. 7, 1K47, ('mil ilii'il in Alfred, \. \., July 1, iHi)^. He was ri'ari'il on .a fai'in that has now bi'oii in Iho possessii>n of till' family for ovi'r a huiuireil years. He was .1 very ilili- gent stuilent ;iiui was gr.'iilu.'il I'll front Me Ruvti'r Instiliilr in iS(k), the valcdic- ti>ri.'in of his class. He became a Lii'iMi- liale in the Seventli n.iyHaptisI Church. He was nwirrieii Jan. 25, 1872, lo .Miss Klla Clarke, il.'iughler of Re\ . Joshua Clarke, ol his native place After his conver- sion he became i very active and usi - fid man. One frii'it 1 writes of him that, " Probably no man has ever done more in si- - teen years to free men from the curse of nun. His wonderf' I command of language, his rare ability to read human naluri*, h ^ matchless eloquence, .'ind Christ-like love for the fallen, made hi 1 fi most successful reformer. Many who were well acquainted wi'li him said they knew of no person who was his equal. For mont' >■ he often would speak, over and over again from the same pi. '- form, and always to large and si>ell-bound audiences. All tli il time he was a great sufferer in consequence of a bai' y injured limb, which finally closed his wonderfully useful lif s work." PROHIHITION I.KADKRS. 37 .iiiiis Niilioiial," His liithiT, of laiul, ami hi-. lluT, of I'ill-^- kj, I'a., Wfiit lo »• lliiarili'aii in early lliirlii's, lovint; to Ouiik- L'o. in iH()i. Mi- ll on a farni llif uiHal part of llif i- 11)) lo 1S7J. i filmation was ainril inori" Ironi falliiTs liliraiy ,11 from alli'Mil- .i- at siliool, liili, liowi'Vi'r, 111- I attiMiil for llnvi- irt pi-rioiK. Ill' •rki-il in a lountry 111' for soMii' I into. iH;^ ho iMiKaKOil I hi- nfW>pa|H'r isini-ss, anil lias ■iMi following' that iM* sinro. In 1S75 ■ wont lo IVxti'r, oililaril Co., anil , I a 111 i slifil till' Knti'rprlsc - M c s- ii>;i'r, wliii'li 111' - in |K<)4. «i-iil to CO," now till' "St. iioiral, anil at oiu' l>iil li'fl till' parly 1 a lolal alistainrr, on from lioyliooil, wliiski'y nii'ii for iKKi) as a known was I'li'iti'il t'liair- fi' in 1«liio, si-v- I'ral yoars in Jamai- ca, anil siiii'o iS7i> in l.awroiu'i', Kas., \\ lioro III* rosiilos, .iiiil its vioinily. Ho w.'is a Kopiiblii'aii iintilloiiiporamo bo- 0:11111' a politii'al sslli'. Ill* h.'is VOll'll llio .National I'rolii- h lion tioki'l sinoi- I S7(>. \\";is a iiii-m- lii'r ill 1S74 of I ho .S* ito L'oiivi'ritioii Ihal first noiniiit.iloil .'ili'inpi'nnii'i'tii'ki't, anil I'h.'iiriiiaii of a similar Convi'iitiiin n i,S7(). \\ hon tlio Kansas Stall* Ti-m- poranoo I'nion was or>;;inizoil, ho was olioson I'irst \ioo- I'rosiili'nt anil Cionoral .Maii.a^or ot' llu' i'aiiip;ii^;n oi 1H80 for tlii' Proliibitor\' C'oiistitihional .\iiii>iiilini'nl. It iiiav' hi' InithfiilK' s.aiil that till- siii'i'i'ss ot that aiiu'iuhiiont was l;irjfi'ly ihio to his iniK'- . fali>^abli' l;ibi>rs .-oul wiso loailorship. 1 lo w.'is i-hairm.'in ot' tho t'on- r volition Ihal oiyani/oil llio I'rohihilion I'.irly in Kans.is in i.SK^, jiriil I i-liairinaii of its Stall' i.'oniiiiiitoo for ti\i' \oars, until i.Si)o, wlii-ri hi* ' hoi-aino its oaniliilato for Cioi'oriior. Hi' has bi'oii .'i \'ioi'-Prosi- donl of ovory Natioii.il rnihihilioii t'onvonlion siiioo 1SS4. Ho has (li>ni'a huxo amount i>f loi-tnrin^aiul or^.-iiiizin^, nuioli of it j^ratiiil- :i iiiisl\-,anil writli-n luiiiii'roiis.'irtii-li's (i>r ma^.'i/inos.anil iiowspapi'rs. MRS. .\.S\.\ W. l-l'KKV, of Wanainio, I.ii/.onio lo., I'a., was born in I'ppor Kairfiold lowiiship, ( Kairliolil I'onlor I'. O.), l.yi'oiiiiiiK I o.. I'a., Mai'i'h ,v>i I'^.S')- I lor paroiils woro Wil- li.! m Wilson (ilo- I'oasi'il Jiiiii* jotli, iKi)f|, .mil Sarah J. U'ilsoii. Slio was oiliii-;itoil at Ihopiib- lio si'hiiol noar bor homo, and at the .Miiiioy, I'a., I.y- I'oinin).^ C'o. .N'oriiial Soliool. Slio is a in o 111 bo r of llio Molhodisl Kpisoo- p.il I'hiiroli, anil polilioally in favor of tho I'rohibilion I'.irly. .Slio is 0011- noolod with tho W. (.'. T. r., Iho Sons of Tomporaiioo, tho W. I-. M..S.,and I bo l';pwortli l.oajfiio. Sho has hold tho odii'os oi Ri'i'ordiiij^ Soirotary of Iho W. L". 'r. I', oi l.iizorni' C'oiinly, .Assooiato r.ilriaroh of tho Si>ns of 'ri'riipi'r.'itii'o, .Supi'riiitonili'nt of Hi'tnils for thi' Wvomin^f Confi'i'oni-i' Wom.'iii's l-'ori-i^n .Mission.ary Soi'ii'ly of llu* M. K. diiiroh, .'iiitl l'"irsl \'ii-o-l*rosiilonl of Wanaiiiio L'hapli'r of tlii' Kp- wort'i I.i'ji^ui'. .Sill' h;is iloiu' ooiisiili-rabli' platform work by spi'akm^ upon li'mpi'r.'iiii'i' :inil Prohibition .at ;i mmibi'i- of plai'i's in I.iizoriu' i'ounly. Sho li.'is boi .. ''.'Ji-^.-iti' to I'oiiiisybaiiia Slati' L'onvoiilions of Iho W. C T. I'., and li.is froi|iionlly lakon p.irt in County Coiivi'iitions of that Soi-ii'ty, ri-ailinj^artii'li's or ^ivin^ ail- ilrossi's. Shi' w;is formi'rly a moinbi-r of tho O. T. l'>rtli'r. Slii' works .'iloii^ v.'irioiis lini's of li'mpi'ranoi' roforni. SIii* h;is iloiio soino i*or- rospoiidoiioo for tho pross, suoli as propariiijj W.C.T.C. biillotins. v doioasod, spoilt nil Inimanity. Ho ijis born in Do iivtor, Madison N. Y.,Sopt. 7, H47, and diod in \llT-od, N. v., July i«i).V H'" was mod on a farm lal has now boon n tho possossion ol taniily lor ovor himdrod yoars. I- was a vory dili- i^oiil studonl and rtasfjradualod from Riivtor Insruiito n |K(H), Iho valodio- orian of his olass. hooamo .1 l.ioon- iaio in tho Sovonll yHaplislChiiroli was inarrioi an. 25, i«7-'' '• Miss KUa Clarko .l.iiiKlitor of Ro\ oshii.a Clarko, o his native plaoo After his eonvoi sion ho beoame ry aotivo and usi 111 man. One frien done more in si'' ..... His wondorf d luiman iiaUire, h ho fallen, made hi veil aeqiiaintod wi' .•ipial. Kor mont froiii the same pi: iidienoes. All tli iionoe of a bao lerfully useful HI .MRS. C. Al'Gl'STA C.OOIIAI.K I'AlKCHH.n w.is born al Coldonhiim, a suburb of .Nowbur>fh-on-llio-Hiidson, \. \'., the ili'iii^hti'r of J;iiiii's ll.irvoy .'iiiil .M.iry Ci.'llo-;r.'iilti.'tli' of Iho olass of 187(1. I'^x-Soorol.irv, the Hon. W.ll.Si-w.ud, w.is for years I'rosi- doiit oflholnstilule, wliioli hoars his name. She joined t h o .M o I h o d i s I Climoh al .'111 o.irly .■i>fo, her family liav- inj; boon eonnooloil with it foi' foi\f ^011- eralioiis. in 1884 sho was married to Rov. William T. Fairohild, a Mollio- ilisl minister si'rv- iiiff ill the N'ow.'irk Conforeiuo. Sho boiame an aotivo niembor of the W. C. T. V. anil an en- .'lliusiaslio ailvooate of its oauso. In |8S<) sho was appoinleil its Organizer for Now York State, anil was also Iho .Stale Supl. of the Pept. of Meroy. Shortly after her niarriajfo she roinovod to hor husband's oh.arjfo in Monroe Co., I'onn., :inil w;is ,'it once •'ippoinleil IW.C.T. U. Oixanizor and County I'res. I..iler on they wore moved |lo New Jersey. For Ihirloon years she has boon an oftioor of her |homoCounty (Oran)^;e, N. V.,) W. C. T. L'., and lliouffh iiol a rosi- Idont still rolaiiis the oflioe of Secretary. Sho h.is also lilloil nistrict loflicosinthe Woman's Missionary Soc v and tho ICpworth Loaffiio. [Sho has a ready pen, and has written popular articles for the re- lligious and temperance press since a school girl. JAMKS .STANI.KY PCRKKK, Free H;iptist minister, and Cir.'ind Chief Templar of Iho Cir.'ind Lod^fo, I. O. 11. T., of .Nova Sooli.'i, was born in C.'irlotoii,\'ariiionth County, .N. .S., Nov. iist, 1867. He is a son of James Our- koo and F^lizabotli S. IVnnis. He a(- londod tho district school at Carlelon, and afterwards at Batavia (N. Y.) I' n ion S c li o o 1 , where ho ^fradualed in 1890, boin)f vale- d i c I o r i.i n of lii.s class. He also spent one year at Kenka Col I offo, .New York. lie was then out of school tliroe years on account of III- hoallh. Mr. Ourkoc is now in Iho Junior Class at Bates Col- lojfo, I.ewiston, Mo. Ill relifjion he is a Free Baptist, and in politics an Inde- pendent. He is a member of the I. O. G. T., S. of T., R. T., and of I. O. O. F., and al present the G. C. T. of the G. L. of Nova Scotia. He has been l.oclurer for the Wes. His. I.odjjo, I. O. G. T., and was strongly irgeil to become G. I.. Lecturer, and has spoken in several of the Kastorn Slates on I'loliihition, and has written for the temperance pel lodicals. Mr. Diirkeo received license from the Free Baptist Conferenco, and has since boon pastor at I'orl Mailland and Beaver River, ;ind sorvoil other churches very acceptably. He is an eloquent preacher, and an exci'llent platform speaker. His many friends proilict for him a bright future as a pulpit orator and Prohibition leader. ST PROHIRITION LEADERS. fr RKV. M. KAKI. niMIAM, D. IV, I'm. P., 1. 1.. IX, a son ot KfV. Musi's aiul Koxaiia l>iiiiliain, ul till' M. K. C'liiirc'i, aiul Kiaiiil- still ot KfV. Saiiuu'l Miiiiliaiii, of lilt' riiili'slani M.'tluul- isi l.')iiiri-h, was horn in Mi'ikinii'i' lo., .\. v., IVIi> (illi, iH.'s. Mi'^'iaii- iialril lioin llaniil- ton C'olli'>(t', {.'Un- Ion, N. Y., in 1H47 an A. H., and tlirt'o wars laU'r took tlu" J.'Hr.'.' ol A. M. Ill' was ("or twt'lvi' Vi'ais a |iii|itilar aiul siii-i'i'sst'iil oiln- I'ator, luiUliii>; ilnr- iTi>; thai tiiiic llii- rriiu-ipalsliip oi Ni'W lii'i'lin aiul SaiU|iioit Ai'aiit'in- ii's, I)uiin)^ that lU'iioil 111' Miarrii'il Miss llarri.'l M. I lii^liston, a lady ol I'lillnrt' am) ability. Nrar tlu* I'Uisf ol" his li'ai'hin>; lu' niaili' a prott'ssion o r ri'li).^ion a n il jolnod thi' IVi'sbyti'ii.iti L'liiiivh. A year lati-r lie I'litrivd llu' min- istry. For more than thirty yt'.irs ho lu'ld his coniu'clioii with tlii" Prt'sbvtt'rian C'luirfh. Twit't' lu" was ;i di'lt'j;:ati' to tlu' I*, llfii. Assembly of .Xnu'iiia, and lu'ld ollu'r iiii|)ortaiit positions. Kijfht years ajijo he united with the l.'oiif;rej;atioiial C'hureh, and is now piistor *>f PIvmoiith C'hureh, l'tie;i, \. \. Me has been eleiMed a member of the National L'oiiiuil. His wife dieil in 1851), and in i86j he married Miss I.ytli.a J. .M. Johnston, a ze.'iloiis iM-wtirker with him in .all ^ooil work. Me has been a life-Ion^ ti'inperaiu'i' worker, a prominent l"i. T., .'i member of the State (1. I.. ,iiid of the Int. Sup. Cirand l.od^i'. Me is n voliniiiiuins .aiul popnl.'ir writi-r. REV. C. W. U'.MX'M. of Hritjhlon, Out., Superintendent of the Social Purity Department, K. T. of T., for the Proviiue, w.is born in Wiiolieli, Kent, Kn^Iatid, in i.S^o. When J,^ years ol .'ij.re he I'.'inu- to -Vmer' .'.'i, aiul the next ; '.ar beeame .a residi-nl of Toronto, Out. Me .at onee ti>ok an .letive p.irt in teiii- per.anee work. Me w.'is soon a nireetor of the TorontoTein- peranee Reforma- tion .Society, .and be- c.ame a U'cturer lor the Onlaiio Teiii- p*'r;iiu'i' Li-ajjue. In 1K75 he eiitereil .the .Methoilist min- istry, aiul has since occupied import.ant stations in his L'on- fereiu'e. Me is also .1 member of the liener-.-iI t.'onlereiu"e of the Dominion. Ill' has been an en- thusiastic worker with the younjf peo- ple, and is a member of the Kpwortb Le.a^fue Ho.ud of the Gen. Conference. He is also .a member of the I'rovincial Sinulay School Ass. He has taken a deep interest in the cliild-savin>f work ; in re- ceivin^f poor and friendless children and pl.acinjj them in homes for adoption. He is an adv.inced I'rohibilionisi, .and has taken an active hand in the various canip.iijjns that have come within his reach, aiding both by voii'e .aiul pen. He is a Royal Templ.ar, and a well-known officer in the (irand Council of Ontario. He is also editor of the Social Purity DeparlinenI of "The Weekly Templar, " of Haintlton, Ont. Me is also ;in active member of the Ontario Prisoner's Aid Association. jri.irs i'. Hl'tillKS, of Riilimonil, .Mo., a well-known and ze.ilous Piohiliilitui worker, w.is born at |C'antoii, Lewis Co., Mo., Sept. -•-', iHj;, the son of John .N'eal .mil i atherine Mur- iloi li Mushes, both n a t i V e s of Keii- 'itickx. Meisamein- ber of the i. hristiiin l' liurch, j o i n i n K when 15 years of .iy;e. He always look an .ai'tivi' in- ter i' si in politics ■^iiu-e the Pri'siiler.- ii.il eleclion of iWio, M hen 111' was but h \ .'ars M a^fe. Hi' was a iiu'iiiberottlie Deinocral Party, bill in iHHH allied liiniself with the Prtihibilionists, lo*- iii){ faith in the others on the tein- pi'r;iiu'i' quest ion ; has since \\'orked hi'.ii'lily insyinpathy with lliat party; was .1 dele^j.ite 10 the National Prohibi- tion Convcnlion in iSi).', ,uul h.ii hn n a member of the Slate Kxecntive C'ommillee since |H<)0 ; was I'hairman of the St.ite Pro. Con. in |K<)<1, and was its noininee for Siipt. of Public Schools, and the nominee lor Coii>;ress in iSi)4. He has been a niember of the Cioiul Templars, but of no other <>rder. He was m.irried in 1S7S to Marie Kiiijf, of Ray Co., Mo. He l.in^bl school for some years, aiul studied law, bein>f ailinitteil to the H.ir in 1H74. He published a p.aper in Richmond for ovi'r two vi'.'trs, aiul .alti-rwarils pr.ai'ticed l.iw in Kans.is City, but in 1HS5 jfnw thai up on account of ill he.ilth, since which he li.is been en^ajjed in faniiin^;. He has contributed liberally of time ;ind means lo .idv.ince the cause of Prohibition. AI.DKN W. VOlNli, of Oswejfo, N. Y., son of Rufus P. and Martha J. Younjf, was born in South Ricl.l.ind, Oswe>{0 Co., .N. \., .Vuk;. i')lh, 1H54, anil ri'inoved lo Oswejfo city when ten years old; w;is eilucateil at the distrii't .'tiul public schools ; has been a niember of the First Ha]ilist C'luii'i'h in C^swi'^^o for twi'iity- tliiee ye.iis, and is ileeplv interi'sti'il in \'. .M'. C. ,\. work. Politii'allv he is .a Prohibitionist ; be- came a member of the S. of T. when I 7 yi'ars of aj^e, .and h.'is bei'ii an ai'tive 111 e III be r o f I b e Mrotherhood of Lo- comotive Fai^ineers for some ye.ars; has never been a can- iliil.ati' forany prom- inent office in his I'huri'h, though fre iliu'ntly requesteil to do so ; has served the Ctrand Division, Sons of Teniper.ince, as (irand Scribe .and Cjr.and Patriarch, declininjf re-election to both offices. .As a Christian, be lias en deavoied to awaken the Church lo active war upon the liquoi traffic ; and as .a Son oi' Temper.ance, he has ;timed to point on' the inconsistency of tryinjj to rescue men and women Iron drunkenness, .ami yet perpetuating the traffic by lej^.al sanctiiin He is not a pliitform speaker, but iloes some press work a- chairman of the County Committee, .and is virtually the edili' of a I'rohibition paper issued monthly by the Committee. M has been in the employ of the N. \., O. & W. R. R. for upwarti - of twenty years. PROHIBITION LRAOERS. 39 wo11-Ui>own |.»'\vi» Co., pi. J-'. '**.Si 111 J.iliii Ni'.'l ilu'iiiif Miii- |„^l„.s. Ii.'ih ,. , ol Krn- ||,-i-illlUMll- ilii' l.hrislian h , ) iii n i II V. 15 V.Mrs 111 Mralways 111 juliM' i"- lii piililiiN l\w I'lVsilllM- iliiill of iHdo, lie w.is tiul h iif iiK<-. ll<' iiuMulu'iot llie iiial I'm IV. , 1S8H allii-il ,■11 Willi 111'' hilionisl-<, li"- lailli ill ll"' s nil till- l»'lli- ici- qui- si in 11 : Miui- worUril ll\ iiisyiiir-'ll'y iliiil parly; wiis U-^aU- in It"' uial I'rohibi- T ol" I 111' Stall' ■ ilu- Slali- Pro. liiSiliools.aiul iiiriulH-r of llif luarriril in 1H7H for soini' yi'ars, . Ill- piil'lislii'il ivarils pi:iiliii;il 1 aiTOiiiil ol ill iiiint;. Hi- lias no iho i-aiiff ol -m REV. MKNRY .MSTIN MI.NKU, ••Uilor of the " .Norlli- Wi-sU-rn Mail," MadiwMi, Wis., was Ih.im hi llalitax, Vi., July 1, iSii|, 111- was ^rau- iialoii fro Ml Wil- liams I. olloKO ill iK^j, aiul from Han- ^or Tlli'iilo^f ira I Srmiii.'iiy in 1^5*'. Ill 1M57 111' horaiiii' pasior of a CoiiKii'- ^alional tliiirili .'il Mi'iiasli.i, Wis. Ill 1K5S lie vv;isiiiarrii*il 111 .Miss llarriil Poiiil Kill*, wliosi' mull', Kmuli I'oiiil. l).l>., w.is .11 llir luMil of Haii>;or riifolo^'ii'.il Si'iiiiii- .'ir\' Un iiiot'i- lliaii .}(i vo.iis. Ill- was Ion \ i*;irs|iasUiral Moii- .'islia, liii'i'o yi*ars al .Monioo, two soars al C'oliimbtis, anil was iIk'iii'.iIIi'iI 10 llii- Siipi'iiiilon- ili'iuy of llomo .Missions iof till* Soul horn Oistrii'l oi I ho Si. I If. ri;n voars lator ho l)oj;an Iho piililii alion. of " l>m Chiinh Work ill Mailisiin, Wis., a nionlhly , whiili ohlainoil a I iri^o oiniiliilioii. Ill |S<)| ho boiamo oililor ami piihlishor of Iho " Norlh-WosliMi Mail, Iho Sl.ilo oixaii of tho I'loliiliilion Tarly. Il lias a laix oiri'iilalion ami has ilono woll its shato in otliii.itiiiK piililit' npinion up 111 Ihi' hiffh staml.iftl it h.as :(ltaiiii-il in Wisi-onsiii. My \oioo anil poll his intluomi' for ^:ooil li.is lifoii wiiloly .iml siiiifssfnlly exortt'il. ill' h.'is lit'i-n proiniiu'titly iilontilioil with hi^hi'r eiluialional niovoinonts, having; liolil v.irioiis p;it iin.ilo .i>;oiu-y within his powor .a^^ainst tho ionjilizoil drink Iraf- lii', .'i^it.alion, odu* lalioii, iiml li'K'islation ; hciiiK' oonvituoil Ihat tol.il I'rohibition, with .1 strong; piiblio si'iiliinonl bohinil it lo onsiiro its onliiivoiiiont, is Iho only truo solution of lh>' loniporamo iniostion. Ho has boon twonty- livo yoars a .M. K. miiiisli'r, and is now p.islor of tho ^jroal " Kp- wort'h Mnnoiial I'luiroh, of i'loM'l.iml. *.>hio. In tho Kivat IVo- liiliilioii Aimiuhiiont iain|i;ii>;ns in Mii I irni'st .'iiiil A i,,.. ,,, .ainp.iiKiis in Mii lii>;.iii and Ohio ho took an I'.irnisi aim .ulivo jiait, spi'.ikin^; sonu'linu's I'voiy day and ovon- in>{ for wi'oks, bosidos his Siiml.iy ininislrations and olhor offorls. \\c h.is IhosalislaitionofkiunvinK lli.il whalovormay bo thorosults of past ,iiul pros.'iil .ijfit.ilioiis ho has dono faithfiilly his duty in tho oaiiso of I'lod ;iiul humanity. Uc looks for .1 (fr.iiid Iriuinph. ,011 of Rnfus P. il, Oswi'Ko <-'o.. , .\ut{. i')lli. and romovod Oswojfo oily n Ion voars old; odiuati'datlho riot and publio ools ; has boon a iibor of tho First Hist C'huroh in .^o forlwonty- , yo.irs, and is jilv inlorosti'd in M'. C .\. work, dly bo is a libit ionist ; bo- a monibor ol S. of T. whon oars of a>co, ;uhI boon ill) aolivo 111 b o r o f t h o iithorbood ol l.o- notivo Knginoors soino voars; has boon a oan- ati'loranyproni- at oftUo'in his iroh, Ihouuli Ire •nllv roquosted lo so; has soived Grjind Oivision, rand Patriarch. ,tian, ho has on upon Ihe liquoi nod to point oui iiid women Iron lojf.il sanction press work a^ lually the edito Coinmillee. H ;. R. for upward- 'III rti Jl'DGK Je^SKill JAMIESON, of fiuolph. Out., County Judjfo of WolliiiKlon County, Is one of the host known and most rospoitod toinpor- ;info worki'rs in C'an.id.i. \\f was born on a farm in the township of South .Shorbrooko, I.;iii.'irk Co., i'>nt., March 15, |H,V). He W.IS I'dui'ati'd.'it till' Pi'rl h Ci r;i min.'ir School, i\>y in.anv y e;i rs c o n s i d i' r e il one of the best of its class in Canad.a. Hi' stuilieil l.aw, anil was .'1 sui'i'i'sslul prai'titioiUT ;iml .■! le.'tilin^ politii-i.an in the town of Al- monte for many yi'.ars, ;dso .a pro- nnnent member of I II e M e t h o d i s t Churi'h ami ,-1 l.av preacher, lie was .1 meinber of the Conservative Pjirtv. and W.IS its stand- .aril-hearer in sev- er.il important oli'c- Ition campaijfns. In llic ){eneral election of Juno, i,SH.>, he w.is elect- ed the representative of North Lanark .and occupied tli.it position {until elevated to the Bench in i8t)i. ^ii• was a staunch temperance j worker for many years and .1 prominent S. of T. In I'arlianienI bo was the leader of the Prohibitionists for several years, until his re- tirement from the House. He introduced ;iml carried throu(;b several import.uit amendments to the Canada Temperance .Act. He also introduced an imporlant resolution aflinrin>; Prohibition Ihe true remedy for the drink traffic and the duty of Parliament to enact such a law. Some of his speeches in Parliament are ,1111011^ the excellent contributions to Canadian Prohibition literature. C.KORCiK J. SCAMMKI.L, of Orange City, Kla., Chairman of Ihe Prohibition Kxei ..live Committee of \'elusia County, in that State, was horn in Baltimore, .Md., March J, 1836. His parents, Cieo. Scammell and Hannah (iarnet, weri' natives of \orksliire, Knff., .ami emigrated to A Ml e r i c .1 a b o 11 1 thri'e yi'.ars before his birth. He was oilucatetl in the pub- lii' si-hools. In 1K74 hi' bi'c.ame a nieni- bcr of the M. K. Church .Iiul wi's duly accrediti d : s a local pre;iclu 1 . He moved to Klorid.'i .in 1S76. He wa.s I hen in politics a nomocrat, but shortly after be- came a member of the Prohibition Party, and has been a stronjf advocate for th.it threat re- form ever since, writinif and speakinif in behalf of the movement whenever suitable opportunities presenteti themselves. In 1893 he ehanj^ed his membership to Ihe Con>;re>fatioiial Church, partly on .ac- count of temperance matters. He siill retains his official relation as a local preacher and deacon, doiiiff what he can in the pulpit, on the platform, in the social circle, with his pen .and voice, in the promotion of the ifteal temperance movement. His conviction is stionij that if men will rijjhtly consider their obli|i^a- tions to Ciod and man they must be active Prohibitionists. He lon^s to see a Prohibition law, with a Prohibition Party behind it to enforce it. 40 I'R OH I Bill ON i.eaukks. !l '(I 1 i 1 ■ : 5 i* t 1' KKV. T. J. HISSKI.I., M. A., I'm. n., II. P., in of IIukii.iu.i tltH'k, wilh inihllslu'il ^riu-iilo^y iiiul iixit-ul-iirnis. Ilr »its tmrii III lliirtwuk, N N ., July J.U'lt i**,H. '"" wa« U'll an iii|iliiiii III six. Al i-IkI>i<'<°» lir xratluiilril IVkim I hi- V.olli'){i- l'rr|>a- r a I o r y S »• h o i> I , Kninklin, \. \'., as 1 lass valrili>'l»i'iaii, .iiul al l\vi'tily-«ini> w.lli )u>nors al thr Wi-slryaii I'lilviT- s l> , I'lMiii. AMrr a Ni-ai' as PiMu-i|ial al S.iiulw uli. Massa- I'llUsi-IIs. Wlu'l'l' III' inai'i it'll Miss Mary J. Hoiiiiu-, 111- »"ii- Irri-il I III- iiiiiiiHiry 1)1 1 111- M. K. Cliiin-h, aiul lias lakfK h^h rank, st-iv.n); Iwii IiTins ill lilt* I'ily lit K oi' lifst IT ; li'ii \-fars as IVrsiilin^ KIdiT : ilrl(');alf to llii' i'li-ni-ral Coiilrr- iMui' of 1SH4, and Ihrt'O liiiu's as n*- siTVi' cl I' 1 1' tf a I i" ; Iwi'lvi' yi'iiis as irusii'i' of llir lii-iu-si'i- Si'tninary ; iiiiir yiMrs trusti'i', aiul llirii' .is I'li'sidi'iil of llii- Silver l.afci- AssiMiihly tor- miration, bi-siili's oilier loial tnisls. At ei^lil years of a>{e he joined the C. of T., and in youth llie " Sons' and the l"i. T. He has been a most pronouneed Prohibit ionisi ; three limes a eaiuli- date on the \. V. Stale liekel ; eliairnian of 'he \. V. delegation al the famous l'illsbiir>; t"on\vnlion ; three years member of the State Kxeeiitive L'oni., and four years of the N'al. L'otn. W'ork- injf for forty years with voiie and pen, he, nevertheless, eonsiders his best serviee for the eaiise was that ol seeiirinn from .Miss Frances E. Willard, in 1H75, her first political temperance address. JAY liPKI.I., of Cleveland, Ohio, a well-known Inisiness man in that city, and an out-and-oiil rrohibilionisl, was born in the tow n of Olse)fO, N. v., March j.^, iSnj. In iHjS his parents, Klias Odell and .\nielia Belts Oviell. mo\etl 10 (iiin^a C'oiinty , O., where he was educated and s|H'nl sex era I years as a fanm-r. In |HS2 he iiuived lot'leveliind anden- ^^a^ed in the biisi- .less of abstracting; land titles for sales and loans. W'Ihmi tifleen years of ajce he made a public profession of faith in Christ and 1h'- I'ame a member of the Presbyterian l-'hurch. lleisnowa Confjreffat ionalist. In politics he has always been an " .MKilitionisI, " tirsi of slavery and luiw of alcohol. His first vote was ^■iven in 1840 fora candidate of the old " Liberty Party "James C".. Hunioy. He joined the Republican Party al its formation and remained in its ranks until 1S68, when ho severed his connection because of what he deemed its lack of loyalty lo the Prohibition movement. From that time he decl.ires he has been "a fanaticalenemy of the popu- lar barbarism of the C'lovernmeiit jfivinjf shelter, le^al sanction and protection to the liquor traffic, I. le enemy of the Home and the State." In April, 1869, he aided in the organization of the Stale Prohibition Party at Crestline, O., and in Aiijfust of that year of the N'at'onal Prohibition Party at Chicajr>'i '"• Since then he has been "a dili- gent missionary, preaching the law of human rights." U H.I.I.X.M J. tH HK.k\. of llswetfo, N. Y.. one of the nioM active and bes- known tiood leinplar and lemperance workers in his i-otinty, was — 1 born in Dairy, Scot- land, April ijrd, 1H47. Ileemi;;raleil to Anii*rii'a in 1H70, selllin^; in the city ol l)swe){0. He was a I'hiirch nii'ni- her and a Siiiulay School le.icher in Scollaiul, anil siuin after seltliiiK in his ni'w luune he be- came a teacher, lil>rarian.'ind Irustei' in the Presbyterian L'SiMi'li. In iH^y he pul his hand lo the plough as a tcm|H'r- ance worker and has been proinineni .illd /ealoils in that woik ever siiu'e. 1 It* jtiineil the iiood lemplars the next \t*ar, ami has done excellent service in the subordinate anil county loilgi's. His wife .intl fi\e children are also members of the Order. He was l.iKl>{e Deputy for three terms, ;iiul has ht'cn C'liuiily Deputy .'inil L'hief Templar of the ct>iint\ Iiiilge. He has visiteil the \ k Ihroii^lioiit the county, eiu inira^jing wtirki-rs anil helping or^ani/e loilges. He is alsti a Ko\'al Templar ami has been St'lecl l."ouiu'ili>r foi* four years. He is also a working member of Oswego Temperance I'nion, and its It'atler o\' music cvi*rv Siiiulay afleriuiim for six- teen years. He is actively idenlilleil with the Prohibition Party and X'ice-PresiilenI of llie i^swego L'liib. In iSi)4he visited his na- tive lanil, alter an absence of .'5 years, and visited a good many of the iiood Templar lotlges there. AI.PIUVNSO A. HOPKINS, of Rochester, \. Y., a well- known author, editor, |Hiel aiul lecturer, was born in Kurlinglon Flats, t^tst'go Co., N. Y., .March 27th, 1X4). He began leaching in early life, aiul taught four years. He then lu'lil a I'lt'rkship in llie .Military Depart- ment of Stale at .Mbany two years, anil was l.egisl.i- •i\i' correspoiulenl three winters for the ilaily press. He w as m .1 r r i e d in 1^(17, ;ind assumed llie literary editor- ship of " Moore's Rural New Yorker " in Rochester, then i>ne of the most popular journals of its class in the coun- try. In 1H71 he e.s- lablished, and for f i> u r t ee n vears edited and (luhlish- ed the ".American Rural Home " at Rochester. He lec- tured t»n literary anil tempi-rance courses freiiuentlv during th;it tiiiu'. From 1WI4 10 iSSi) he xvas kept continuously on the Temper- ance platform, being F'ield .Manager of the Prohibition I,eclure Bur- eau in New York, and later of the .National Prohibition Committee. He assisted in the establishment of llarriinan, the well-known Pro- hibition town in Tennessee, and was made Vice-Pres. of the Teni- pi'rance Cniversily there, having the chair of Political Kconomy and Prohibition, which he still holds. He became an avowed Pro- hibitionist in 1S72. He is .lutlior of four valuable temperance books, " Wealth and \Vasle, " " Life of General C. B. Kisk, ' " His Prison Bars," and " Sinner and .Saint." PROHIBITION LEADERS. 4' JONATHAN MACK VanNORMAN. M. H., wiih Horn lu.ir Hattiillon, Oill., Si-pl. isl. iMj,. llf inhfril.nl Irom lii> iKir.nl'., Isaar \'an Norman aiul C'atlu'i nit' I'nin- mill-' \ an Norman, man\ nohir Irailt ol' i- h a r .'I \' 1 1' r. His lalhrr w.in a I'armi'r .iiul millwright. 'Oul also a tttral prc'irli- cv in I lu' M*'tliit- ilisi IImiiaIi. His inollu'r was a swt'ct spiiiti'il HinK'T '" Israel. Al an rarly .t^t* lu* I'nihrai'i'il ilii'ir t'ailli, anil ilii'il lionori'il anil [i>\i'il Inly '(111, i>'','4. 'il ilu' .i^i' ol 71. Mr. I. M. V'.anNorman n'i-riv*'tl his lilrr- M \' filiu'al ion in \ ii'lori.'i C'ollt'^ji', V ttlnnnx, i'^nl.ii'io, aiul ^railiiaU'il in tni'tiii'ini' with hi>;li lioi.ors in MrCtill I'liiviTNity, Moti- trr.i', in i> ^o. I)m*- 'm\i '''I' (irsi yi-ars t>l' his prai'lii't' in ltnrliii);tttii, i>nt., lu' joinril thr S. o!"r.,a»'d ;ilsi> thf I. O. '•. v., ami was cli'ili-il I'l. I.'. 1'. ot lli.' I.ii t in iHsh. Uc- nu»vin)f li> !)t'li"oit, Mii-h., in iH(>o, lu' was t'U'iifil ( -. C". T. in . '>J. Thf l>iH'Ii>r and his >(ool1 wili', Sai-.a Kli/.'i I'anoi ■ X'.anNorni.-m, weri' ht'aulifiil sinjfi'rs, ,iml ;ilso liuli'r,ili>;,'>lilt' woi. crs in llii' \V. C T. I', and Koyal Ti'inplars ol Ti'mpt'r.iiu r. Tlu v ri-movi'd lo Cleveland, I)., in iSH<), where Iwo ye.irs later liis wilV died. Alter roniovinjc lo Ohio llie Doelor w.is eleeled Cirand Seeret iry of the U. T. ot T., and Assoeiale Supreme Meilieal Kx.imiiier ot tlu' I'. S. The las! years ot his lile wi're wholly di'soled 10 I'rohihilion and Christian work, leeUnin^;, writing;, ;ind llu' sin>;in>; ot Prohi- bition ;ind Ciospel son^s with his nephew. Or. II. H. \'anN'onn,'in. MRS. JAMKS C. I'ROSHY wn* lH>m in Cornwall, KnKland, in iHt7. Her pres.'nl lionu- is .n.heHs, siio.' .It New York. Male ot New York. Al I he ajfe ol seveii- leeii years she lie- eame a meinlH'r of the IndepemlenlOr- iler of CioihI Tem- pi irs, aiul sinee lli.'it lime li.is been in ai- iive eoimeelion with V .moils leni|H'r.'uiee ■ 11 i;ain/alioiis. Shi' IS at present a K. W. I), t;. 1. of till' I. l"). i;. r., and also ;i member ol llii' U Oman si. Iiris- li.iii I'eniperanee riiion, and in al- iia\'s re.'id\' lo ilo !ier part of lenipi'i- .iiiii' work, I'ilher in l.oil^e or I'nion. Her work in llu* \:irioiis ollii'i'H lo wliii II sill' has been eleiteil has been laillifiilly and elli- I'ienlly done, and to Ihe saiisfaetion of ■ontiileiu'e in bi'r. Slii' lemperanee pled^'e, ami this eftieii'iit work lu' li;is iloiu h .'71 h, be^'.in early lau>;ht lour He then ■lerkship in iiy Peparl- Stale at wo ye.irs, I.e^fisla- ■responilenl liters for press. He arried in aniu'ii iiy edilor- Moore's 'W \'orker" 'sler, then the most joiirn.'ils of 11 the eoun- 1K71 he es- a n d for years id publish- '.\ineriean loine " at Helei- hiriiiK that le Temper- •ilure Bur- 'oniniitlee. mown I'ro- Ihe Teni- I'aoiioniy owed Pro- nee books, His Prison C.VI.VIN H. STA.MHACl'.H, sixth son of Win. and Sarah Stambautfh, was born in Trumbull Co., Ohio, Sepleniber Kth, 1K51. Kniereil Hinini Col- levfe 10 prepare for the Chrisli.'in min- istry; he.-illli tailing, he ri'liirni'il lo the farm, wlii're he be- wail till' I'lilliire ot small fruits, whieli he still f o Mows. Joined Ibe Prohibi- tion Parly <'il its or- >;ani/atlon ; tlirow- in>^ into the e.'iuse .'ill the I'arnesliu'ss of bis yoiiii^ iiian- liooil, he soon be- e a 111 I' ;i triisleil leader in the I'oiin- sels of bis party : I'asl his tirsi vote tor Pi'obibilion in i''^".!, anil has iievi'r supported .any other parly. His l:ibors lor the eause have bi'en .'irduous. anil s e I f-s.'ii'r ilieinj^. Several liiiii's lii' was lemlered liiir.i- tive ortiees in the Republiean ranks, but with an unswer\intf faith in I he priiuiples and ultimate Iriumph of his party, he eliose temporary defeat in defenee of riffht rather than present vietory in il 'enee of wroiijf. He has been a member of the Ohio I'rohibilion Si ale Ceii. Com. conseeutively sinee 1H90, and of the Sl.ite Ex. Com. sinee iXi),y, was the nominee for Con^fress from bis dislriet ( iqth) in |S<)4. .As a pub- lie speaker he has but few superiors; elear, lo>rie;il, earnest, he wins at onee the attention and respeel of friend and foe. Broad in his views, fearless in siu-eeh, an unlirin^ worker, he stands an uiuoiii- promising^ foe of leg-alized wron^, as he has ever been an unfailing friend of liberty and the eomnion |H"ople. Ki';\'. Al.BKKT N. SKK was born al Heeniis Point, Cliaii- luuquuj^ake, .N. Y., June jH, 1K40. The family moved lo Craw- ford Co., Pa., near Tiliisvilli', ill iK^b. Hi' w.'is ri'iired oiifi farm and in Ihe lumber wooils. Hi' spent Iwo e.'trs in the oil bii.. 'ness, and two years and two iiionthsasa sol- ilier, in Company I, I .^<>, ami Company K, 150, Pi'imsv 1- \aniii Yolunteers, the last as Presi- ili'iil's (iuiird. He iiniled with the M. K. C'liun-h in 1H54. Joined the Confer- I'liee in 1 yit-j ; li;is been pastor of ten I'harges: Pri'siding elder live years, Sei-retary i>f Tnis- ti'i's of KaiisiisW'es- ley;iii Cniversilv len years, its .igent two years, editor of re- ligious, edui'.ilional and lemperanee newspapers seven years, and teiniH'iaiiee evangelist one year. Has made numerous lemperanee adilri'sses, and been in Ihe front of the lemperanee battle in low.i .ind K.insas lor more than a ignarter of .1 eenlury. I'niled with the 1. O. C. T. in 1S54: b.is been l). V. T. ;ind O. C. of Kansas, also Representative to R. \V. Ci. I,, and I). R. \V. G. T. for Kansas. Hasorg.'inizeil Iwi'iily-four Loilges in Kansas; has been a member of the S. of T., and of the I'. O. A. T., also of their llraiiil Bodies, in K.insas, and has aideil every lemperanee move- ment in reaeli. His father w;is of Duteh-\ .inkee and bis mother of English- Yankee deseent. He married Miss Cynthia A. .N'ortbrop Nov. 18, 1863. She is a true hel|H'r in ehureh and lemperanee work. PROHIBITION LEADERS. HON. J. IMKRlK ST. JOHN, mu- ot hihilioii li'.'dli'i " in .\tiu'rii-:i, \\:ts hoiii ihi' lit'st kimwn Pm- liioi k\ilU*, l-"i.iiiklin t\>.. I ml., l'i'I>. .'5. ^X^^. lit- Is ";i lawviT liy ptt>!*'s- sioii, ami a iin'mbfi of tin* t"oii>;ri*j;a- tiiMial C'luinli. IK* was ma rrio il t o Susan J. PaiktT, Maiih jS. iS(M). ulu> li;is hi-fu a hotptiil . It m p a II i o n a nil lulp-mrt't I o him t'Vt'i* siiu'o. Was first t'UvU'il Ciov- i-rmir of Kansas in 1S7S, ami n*-i>U'rtfil in iSSo, ami Inok ;iu artivi' part in i*n- (oiiini^ Pitiliiliitiitn in that Stalt' ; was Nomina I rtl tor a ill ril ti-rm in iSSj, anil lU'tiMlfil l>y tin* In.|nor t'li'int'nl ol I II i* )\i>pii hi ii'a n I'.ittv tor his loval tU'Votion to iIk* tom- pt'raiu'o I'aiiso; was nominatt'd I'anili- dalf t>t' Ihf Proliih:- tioii I'arty tor I^ivsiiUMil in 1SS4, ami ivi't'ivi'il 150,000 votos. Mo sorvt'tl tliirin)^^ tho civil War as C'apt. or(>Sth Illinois Intanlry, ami Limit. -Col., i4.irti Illinois Int.inlry. Mo has U'ltmvit, iluriniL; iho p.ist I J \oars, all ovor tlu' Slalos.uul i.\inail.i; has iravolli'tl j40,(hk> milfs hv rail, .iiul nrxor on a tr.iiii that hail a r ir i>tV tho trark; h.'is m.'uio ,^,(mx) |iuhlir spi'oi-Iu's, ami novi'r was siik an hour, ami niissi'il hut tour a|)|>oinlmonts. Mo is a railii'.tl Priiliihiliitnisi, favi^rs i'i|u;il sutVra^o to both sfxt's, fvcv Iraiio, ^ovi'innirnl oon- Irol oi' railw.iys, toli'Ufraphs, tMv., liio oU-ilion ot l*ii'siili'nt ;iiul Sonators ihrrrt h\ the pooplo, ami unlimitiHi roin.ii^o ot" ^olil anil silvor, without ronsultinj;^ any othrr n.ition .ihoiit it. COL, llKOKC.K W. HAL\, wrll known as tho " Silvfr-Ton j^iioil i>raIor " ot tho loinpt'i.tiu'o nutvomi'iit in Ainorioa, is onr ot" tho host k no wti ami most popular of :ill tlio li'rnporam'f ail- voratos ot' (o-ilay. Ill' was hovu in Lt'xinfji'lon, Kon- turky, Sopt. .'4th. 1S40, anil was ihIu- lalfil in a County Ai-.uloiny ot his na- tivo Stalo. Ill' w'ls an aolivo .Sunday Si'hool worker in his farly ilays, ami as St.pi'i'int I'lulont of tho .Molho'Jisl Suml.iy Sih 00 1 in Lrxin^lon ho tnol with inarkoil suo- i"oss. It is, ho w - fvor, as a ItMnprr- amo workor ami popular U'l'luriT that ho is host known. 1 1 1- roin- nuMU'iHl his puhlir W111 k in oonnri'lion with Iho L O. i;. T. Hr tilli'ii various positions in tho Onlor, from iloi>r-koopor o\' his suhonlinali- loil^o to (.?. C T. o\' tho (Irani! Liulyi' of his Stalo. IK' h.is also ht-on vory surrosstul as an orj^ani/i'r, somo o\' his loilj^i's or^'.-mizoii ropiulin^' i>vor 400 I'hartor momluTs. Ho was ;ilso suri'osst'u! as oilititr oi " Tho liood Tt'in- plar's Advorato ' of his Sl.ilo. Ho has lon^^ ho*'n a prominonl tij;uro in Iho Int. Sup. Loii)^;;o. I lo h.is hoi-n a pillar of stivn^th, too, in tho i'ri>hihilion Part v, and his fririuls ur^oil his .irroptanro of tho posi- tion of I'amliilato tor Iho \'iro-Prosiilonry, hut ho vory proporly con- sidors his lifo-work is most otVortivo;is an a^:it.4tor ami othirator on tho puhlir plalt'orm. Calls aro sont tVoni ovorv Slalo and ovory C.'in.iilian Provlnro I'or him as a loi'turor. JOHN OALK, of Omaha, \oh., .1 woll-known husinoss man and moral rofornior, is an Knj;;lishman h\ hirlh. Ho was horn in N'orkshiro, C>i't. ^1, iS^j. Whon about two vo;irs o( a^c his paronis omi- j;r*ati'il anil soil toil in Toronto, (.'an., w lioro his motluM' tlii'il not lon^ .ittor. I II* li\ t'll tor simu' voars willi an unrlo in iho I'ounlry, .'.oil was thoroionvo t-d and bofamr a noi.»- bor of Iho .\totho- disl C'h'tt- -h. His fathor aftorwariis mo'.oil lo RutVato, whoio ho was idu- latoil. Lalor on ho uoni woslward. In |S()5 ho was or- dainod as a loral pio.irhor in tho Mi'lliodist Chuivh ai Kankaki'o, 111., .Mill in Iho samo Stalo, at Storlinj;', wasonlainod a loi'al ili'ao(U. in 1S74. Ho movoil lo i.)maha in iHS<^, and has boon surrosstul in husinoss thori' simo. Whilo liih- jjfonl in husinoss ho has also boon forvoni in spirit, sorvini; ilio Loiil. \\<^ has boon an aolivo Sunday Sihool and ICpworlh Li a^uo workoi , ;inil an airoptablo and usoful lay proaohor. Wc li.is ;ilso boon a Prohibitionist, in ovory sonso oflho wi>rd, for Iho past Iwonly yoars, and oxpocls to dio in tho faitli. In iSHS, Ihf Prohibition Party o\' tlu* Slalo, roro>jrni7in}{' his ability ami popularity, noininalfd him as Iboir randidalo for Stalo (iovornor. Ilo has also Ktii a lay moinhi'r of his own annual Conforotuo ( .Mflhodisi ), and.i iloloj;ato lo the Cif lUMJil Conferoni'e. In Iho home, in business, in tho moral reform movement, and in the Church, he has done well his duty. PK. n. II. MAW, oi Hrooklyn, \. V., is now well known the tomperanee worlil over as the ehief i>rtieer oi' the I. O. (i. T. He was born in Kranklin, IVIaware Co., \. v., the son ot Dr. Mann, a very sueeessful ;ind nnuli respeeted physieian. He w.ts j^^iven oxi'ollent edu- eational advantages and then t raineil in his lather's profes- sii>n. I lo j^r.'iiiuated lii>m Ibe .\Iban v Meilieal Colleijt. .u the ai;e o\' .»(, and the next \ear eotr.- moneed praetiee at OeKaney, near his native plaee. He was vory sueeesstnl in his oounlry prae- lieo tor ye.irs, and in iSSn^^s, but il is in eomieelion with llie Ctooil Templars that he has eoitu' inio tlie most worltl-wiilo prominoneo. He has been for many years an aelive work*T in thai C>rder. In iSKi he was elooted (>iand Counselor of tho Ciranil Lodjfo of New N'ork, ami in 1SS5 (l. ('. T., whieb i^llieo he very sueeessfull\ tilled for oij^f hi eonseeulive terms, iluriii); whieh time ilie (Writer in ihal Stale nwule splendid projjress. Reeo^nizinj^ his exeelleni ability, the Inlet national Supreme Lodjfe oleeted him its ehietHtlieor in tS{)iaml he has sinee been re-e'eeted. He is reeoj;ni/ed as the right man in the rig^ht plaee in that position. He i.s a good organizer, doing eft'ective work wherever he goes. PROHIBITION I.KADER^. Ai ANDRKW GRASSI.KV, of St. I.ouis, Mo.. ;i wi-ll-kiunvn I'lohibili.Mi work.'i- .iiul wiitiT of thai cily, is a naliv.- of Swilzi'i- l.'Mul, born ^iii tlu> L'aiilon Sail ^Ciala, Jim.- J.ilh, 184H. His p.'iri'iUs i'mij;;rati'il 10 .Vmi'iii'a wlu'ii lu* ^va^ foiii' N'oai's ot aj^v. .ic m't'ivtHl a ^i>oil i'omnu>n Si-Iu>0l I'llllL'.'lli.XI. iinhibtHl U'lupiM- .'iiu'*' priiifiplos al an iM.I_\' :i}it.', .'iiui has lit'i'ii .'in l'.'lnu'^l worki'f in tin- r.'inks t'\lM- siiK-t*. 1 U' W.'ls in.'in'ti'i.l u> Kosa 1.. ItiM'nis in tlu' f'.Iy of St. I.ouis in iKCiN aiul iiniti'il with thv North I'li'shyu'ilan Chiinh of Ih.it city, of which hi' is now a Uiilin- Khl.T. lie was ,'ilso a Sinulay Si'!uu>l Supcrinlt'ti- tlont iitv sonu* yc.'if-. I'ntil I SH lu-'«.isa nu'inbiM" i>l f ic Ki'- piibhi-.'in P.'irty, .'tiul liion .illii'il liimsflf with the I'loliibitionisis; was a noininci' of tlii' latlfr party for l.'oiij;ivss for tlu- Thiril Histriil of Missouri, .iiul is now C'hiiinnan of thi- C'l'iitr.il Prohibition C'oininitli'i- of St. I.ouis. Ill' is ,'i i-;irpt'nti'r, ami h;is hccw i'ni^;i_i^i'il in Iho liuiUlin^ biisiiu'ss for years. For llirci- years In- was I'lvsiili'Ml of Iho locil union of his craft, lie h.'is ,'ilso been ;i pi'ominent otlii'cr of"tiu' Knights iH' Honor; is ,1 member of the I. O. ('■. T. .mil has been an oliicer in his Iodide. .\ lew wars .■i^i> hi* estalilislu'il " Tlu' Missouri \'oii-t'," ;i weeklv Prohibition journ.il, which he mainl.iineil for a time. It has been succeeileil by " I'he N'.ition.il, of St. I.ouis, which is now puli- hsheil by The Reform Publishinij I'omp.iny. His faith is stronjj in tlu' linai success of tlie Prohibition movement. MRS. HKl.E.N M. STODD.XRD, of P.illas, Texas, Pres. of Ihe Slate W.L'.T, U., wa.s born al Sheboygan Kails, Wisconsin, July jy, 1.S50. She was ).rr;ulu.ited from C'leiU'see W'esleyaii Si'iiiinary, Lima, \. ^■., in iSji, with valedictory honors. In |S7 5 she inai- riedS. i). Stodilard, of Hemlock Lake, .N.V. They moveil to Ncla-aska ; two sons were born to them, one oi whom died in infancy. Ili'r hush.'inil ilii-il in 1K7H. I.eft a widow in her yi>unj; womanhood, with a son lo support .lud ediic.ile, she met the bire.iv emeu I bia\ely anil heroic- .illy, winninn for herself not only a livellliiuul, but a home .IS well, and carried out her plans M educatinjf iit'r son ;uul a niece, .Old assisted in odiicalin){ others. .She w.is a teacher tor years, seven of which were In connection with Wesleyan C olle^e, now I'ort Worth I'niversitv, Tex.is. One who look a deep interest in that institution remarks : "It is safe to say that 110 vouthful mind ever c.ime into intimate lont.ict with the mind of this true teacher without having received lasting benelit." She joined the ^lood Templ.irs at 14 ve.irs of .iffc. She imiteil with the W . C . ' • I'- ve.irs ayo, .ind has been inilef.it inable in her elVorts lo promote its success' in Tex.is. She w.is elected State Pres. in iHi)i, and has travelled over Ihe State in its interest, uiidernoinn privations, h,ird- ships, .inxieties, .ind disiippointments, in a truly heroic spirit, well worlhv of the excellent success thai has attended her work. MRS. M.\RV JK.W i;RKI".\K, \ice-Pres. of the California Stale W. C. T. I'., .'iml a well-known I'lliical or, lei'lurer .'iiul .author, was born in Poult- iiey, \'l., where her e.arly il.ays were spent, anil where she r»'i-ei\-eil an ex- I'cllent ediu'ation. Sill' ^r.'iiluateil, al the iiead of her cl.ass, from CaslU'- lon Seminary, \'t.. anil i|u.'ililii'il hi'r- ' I'll" fi>r teai'hinj.j. Mil' t.aii_L;;hl siicia'ss- fully for si'veral years. In iSb^ she was married to IC. Ci. (iri'ciie, who be- came ;i prominent business man .'iiul a member of the St.ite l.i'^i slat lire. I n 1872 she eiiteri'il the t'riis.ule woik with h 1' r :ici' u s- lonied eneixy .and /. ea 1, ami si'rveil four years as State .Secy, of the \'er- moi'il W. C. T. I'., and four years as Presidi'iit. Tliev then moveil li' C'alifi>riii,a, whi-i-e slu' entereil the lecture lielil. .'iml has ever siiu'i' occupii'il priMtiinenl posittims in eiliii'aliiMtat .ami inor.al refi>i'm work. .Slu' li.as l.aken a proiniiu'nl part ill securing; laws providinjf for scienlilic lemper.ince iiislniction in si-hi>ols, bi>tli in W'tnioiil anil (.".aliforni.a. Slu- has pri'p.ari'il valu- able educatioiinl books on this siibject, which have been of j;^real Vitltie. She was Associali' Princ. in llie Protessi'l Training' School for Toaclieis and Kinderjfarteners in Ihe city of San Jose, and has taught elsewlii're with exi'i'lleul succi'ss. She is desci'iuleil fri>m a line of preachers and scholars, both on her father's and mother's side, and often tills .1 pulpit with much acceptance and profit. JAMKS .\. PROl'T was born in Ihe P.irish of W.irbslow, Cornwall, Kn>;land, hebruary i.V'i. i''^.Si' "'^ father and mother, John Proul and .\mi Cirej.tory, were ile- sci'iulints of the ;iiu'ieiit I^ritons. .\t the :mc of i(> he came lo Can.ida, and soon had chaiffe of laixe numbers of 111 e 11 enjfageil i 11 building r.iilroads. In this vocation he was en^a>;:eil in the minini; ilistricts of Miclii^'aii, where Ihe re\o!lini; scenes in the infamous ilens I hat infesU'd the nlillitl^' rei^ions, the ililliculties caused by the drink curse anu>n^ his men, and t h e murilers .1 n d I'ritnes comniilli'il, I'auseil him tii hi' ileeply iuli'resl eti in the ti'inperanct' movemenl. He be- came a 11 .1 c t i v o member of Ihe I. O. Ci. T. , Ihe Sons of in|H'rance si>cielies. I I'llipeiani'i', Koyai l cinpiar.s, anu oiui'r leinjH'iHiiie soiaeiies. He resided in Port Huron, Mich., for ten years; an active mem- ber of Ihe M. K. Cluirch. He moveil to the P'-ohibilion town of Harvey, 111., in iSi)i. When the I'rohibilion Church was oix""- ized in the Women's lliristi:'n Teniperance Cnion Temple, of Chi- cago, he was made one of Ihe trustees. He is a piirly Prohibi- lionisl, and has done elVectiial work for Ihe cause of his choice. .An eloquent speaker, the fire of his enthusiasm !ind love for humanity wins nuiny to the cause of Prohibilioii. He advocates labor reform and woman's suITrai^pe. He married .Susana K. Mc- Miillen, of Mildmay, Out., Kebnuiry 27111, 1H7H. V II r 44 PROHIBITION LEADERS WILLIAM A. SI.Me'NS was born in Hmoklyn, N. V., April lytli, 1849. His father, L. D. Simons, was wt'll known in n-li^fions anil poliliial lirilos in that i'ity. Ht' was i*tlii- lali'd at tin- lonnnon schools anil I.yii-nin * Instilnti", of Urooklyn, anil Albany, N. \., Si'nii?iary. Hi' joini'il llu' Sons of TiMupi'r- anro in |H(><), si'rvin_< as Worthy Palriarili wliiMi J I yi'ai-s of a^t'. Ill' bi'i'ami' a nu'inbi'r of Sala l.odjfi', I. O. (i. T., Bri>okIyn, in 1H72, serving as Chii'f Ti'niplar anil Loil^i' Di'piily i'oy si'vi'i'al years. IK' was Co. C h i I' f 'I I' ni p I a I' o f Kintr's Ciiunty in iS^t); .issisli'ii in or- ,i.i;anizini; a li^ilj^'t' in K a s 1 l\ o r k a \v a y , ^ni't-n's Ciunit}', liis pri'srnt iiorno ; was first L hii'f Ti-niplar, and has bi-i'n Lml^i' Ofpiity for several ye.'irs ; has .'ilsi> been County Depvily of Queen's C"onn(y, .mil is now L'ounty Counselor ; was Ciranil I.odjfe M.irshal of .New York in uSi),^ 4. He is a member of the I'roiii- bition County Conunitlee of Oneen's Co., and has been the I'arly candidate for member of llie .Assembly twice, also for Justice of the Peace .irid lixcisc Conunissioiier, polling; Iwenly-live per cent. of the total vote for the latter oUici'. He united with Lafayette Ave. Presbyterian Church, Hrooklyu, lh.it of Dr. Cuyler, from whi>m he imbibed his sti'onj^ ti'inperance prini'iples when 17 \i*ars ot a^e. He assisted in lU-^anizinjf the Conj^re^ational Church :it his present home ; was nine xe.irs its Clerk, and has been several years Superintendent of its Sunday School. FKANKLI.X I'IKKCK LKFI-KRTS, M. P., was born at Keasterville, Bucks Co., Pa., March 17, 1S54. He is the eldest son of Henry O. aiul .Sus.iima L. Lef- ferls, holh of svliom are of Holland de- scent. Hroujfht up v>n ;i farm, he ob- t.'iincil his eiiucation .a ihepublicschools, al Ooyleslown Sem- inar\', .anil ;i private school in .\ew Hri- l.iiii. Pa. .\t iH he w .1 s I ea c h i n >f si-lun>l, anil ni 1H75 hi' bi'j^an the study of meilicine undi'r A. 11. Clavton, M. n.,ofKichboro'. He ^i-ailuati'il from I hi' I l.'ihni'inan .Medical CoUi'.ue in Philadel- phia in 1^7,^. On ^railuation, the ni>i-toi' locateil in Relvidere, N. J., where, by strict .it- teruion to his pro- fi'ssion, he h;is built up an extensive pr.icticc. In youth he >;ave his heart lo Clod and his life to llic Cli\MCh. He is now an elder in the Second Presbyterian Church of Helvidere; a most earnest, active, ;uk1 esteemed layman. Kormcrly a Democrat, that party's position on the lii|uor li'alVic was nuiri* than the Di>ctor's conscience could sl.and, so in 1H84 he c.ist his lot with the Prohibi- tion Parly, since which time he has been .1 tireless worker for its interests. He was candidate lor the .Assembly in |S()1 and iHg2. He w.is elected County Ch.iirman in iSi),v \\'as nominated for .Ma>or of Helvidere, N. J., in iS<)4, and w.is defe.iled by twelve votes. He was electcil in iKi)^ by twelve plurality, for tlie same office, on a str.aij^ht Pri>hibition ticket. m M KRKI). C. WHITK, son ot Samuel S. and Sylvania Spicer White, was horn at Whitesville, \. A'., in 1S71. .M'ier le.ivinjf the public schools he entered .\lfred Cni- vi-rsity whei'e, .alter frei|uent interrup- tii>ns by farm work anil school teach- 'm\i, he ffraduated with the dcffree of .\.n., and with vale- ilicloiA' honors in 1S95. .\t colU'tfe he hi'came a membi'r o\' the C^i-ophilian l.ycoun at a time when its session room was rinjfin^' with the speeches of such men as S. H. I'.. lis, now 1. .S. L. I.ei'turer oi the LO. li. T.; his brother, n o w P r e s i d e n I Booth C. Davis, of .M'Ved Cniversily, and othi'r capable spi'jikers. \'oini^ W bile w ,1 s fir e il with ,1 ilesire for ability in public speakinjf, .-ind soon becime ;i >;ood deb.iler. As lecturer for the I'arnu'rs' .Alliance he enjoyeil a jfooil reputation in Weslern New A'ork iind Norlh- Weslern Pennsylvani.i. He has lonjr been ;i Imril worker in the Ci. T. Order, and is now servinjf his second term as Co. C. T. of Allejrhany County. In the tl. T. lecture work he w.is in demand for three years bi'fore he was of a>fe, for his telling campai>rn speeches. Mr. White is now Principal of the Whitesville I'liion School. He was an enlhusi.islic V. M. C. A. worker al collej^e; 1., .1 member of the Baptist Church ; active in Christian Kndeavor ami Sunday .Scliool work ; an earnest student of social science, and a Democrat in politics. Al'STlN MAl.ST.\SO COKFIN was horn Au>j. 14, 1871, near Cireenlield, Ind. He conies from a faniilytli.it traces their history back for more th.an ten cen- luries. When he W.IS two N'e.'irs i»ld his pari-nts removeil to Hopkins, Mo., viherc .\iislin was raisi'd. He workeil his w.'iv throiiji;h the lli);h School, iiiid then throu^fh the .Missi>uri Wesley.'in Colleijc. He has .alw.'iys been known .'IS ji soi'ial reformer ,inil worker for Pro- hibition, anil when the Inler-Sl.ile Junior Prohibition League w;is orjj^jm- i/.eil in Seplember, 1S1J4, he w.'is unan- imously elect eil President. When he was elecleil Presi- dent there were only about five I.eaffues represent- ed, and a total at- lendence of about fKj Prohibilion workers. Mr. Collin .it once entered into the work with the vim and push which makes the world move, and on Nov. 29 of the s;ime year he called lo order the second Inter-State Con- vention of Juniors, lliis time with four Slates represented and about three hundred younj; Prohihilionisis in attendance. He conceived the idea of having their own special nied.'il in the Inter-State con- tests. This proved a jfiaiul success. He has never received one cent for any of his work, .and in many instances has helped to pay the expenses of ithers in the work. He works for a time at his profession, llu'ii (,i>es out in the interest of thi- cause, sacrificinjif both lime and money. PROHIBITION LEADERS. 45 STAPLETON CALOKCOTT, ESQ., oiu- ol ilu- best kiunvii busiiu'ss men ;ind Chrislian and philnnthiopic workers in Toronto, was horn in Clii-s- ter, Kiiff., Sept. 15, iS,^6. He wasedu- ealetl in Kn^^Iand, liul has heen a resi- lient and an .'letive business nit'in in Mi>ntreal and To- r o n I o to r ni a n y \ears. He is iu>\v I'l'esiilenl ol'the To- ronlo Roard ol I latle. He is lieail tW tbi- well-knt>\vn \\ bolesale thy^ooils lirni of Caldeeolt, Hurton ik Spenee, Tofonlo. He is a prominent worker in the Chmeh of Knji;land, a nuMnber of the Synod and of its Exeeutive Committee, ami Treasurer of W'v- elitVe L'ollejje, To- ronto. He is also Chairman of the Hoard of the Vie- to ri a Industrial School, located at Mimieo, near Tori>nlo, sueeesst>r of the late ex-Mayor Howland, o\' precious menior\'. The si'hool has been established for tlie benevt>lent ami p:itrii>tic purpose of rel\>rmin^ and educating iiu-orrij^ibh' bo\'s from .'ill p.'iiis of the Province. He is a director in the Y. .M. C. .\., and of the H. Loan and Savin^fs Co. In politics he is a member i>f the Liberal Party .and .a pronounced free trader. He is a tempi'r.'mce workiT " iVom .'iwa\' back." In 1859, associated with .Mr. Doiijjlas, a brother of the late Rev. Geo. Dou^l.'is, D. I>. , Mr. Ht'i'ki'tt .and othi'r olil time temperance workers in Montreal, the tii'st Dominion .Alli.ani'c w.as tormi'tl. He is a life- lonjf total .abstainer, and an Hon. Mem. of the Toronto Pro. Soc. •MISS EMM\ L. SWAKTZ, Herestbrd, S. O., State Evan- t;elist VV. C. T. I'., was born in Lycominj; County, Pa. She was educated at Pino Grove .Academy in that State, and the .Normal at Trenton, N. J., and sp -nt some time ,'is a leaclier. She wa.s i-i>nverteil before the ane of i.sjye.irs, .and soon bei'.ame ;ii'tivel_\' enj^'.a^eil in Cbristi.'in work. Subsequently s h e went to Chic.if^o, where she unili'il with the .Seconil Baptist Church .iriil enj^a^eil in Hible work, in.'iii,y:uraleil by .Mr. .Mooily. She spi-nt seven ye.ars of h.ippy service in this work, T'lceivinj^ ;i most lhori>uji;h tr.ainin^ in Hilile study .ami pr.acticil Christian wiirk, visiting- mostly :imon^ the poor, holdiufj coltjifce prayer-meet iiiffs, jfivinj^ Hible readinjfs, and other such service. In i8S_^ she went to Dakota, and two years later was elected Terri- lori.d Kvanjifelist of the W. (. . T. I'., which oHice she continued to hold until the Teriitory w.is divided, when she was elected State Evanjrelist of South D.ikota, in which work she h.is been very suc- cessful, Jfivinx temper.ince leclines, lioldin){ revival meetin^fs, jii\- injf Bible readinjfs and preachiujif. .As a result of her labors scores have been converleil ami are leailinj; bi'ttei- lives. From childhood she h.id .1 strong di'sire for mission.iry work, and these desires have been thus partially gr.ilified. She is also .Secretary for the W'om. Bap. For. Mis. So. of the West. .Address, Beresfo'rd, S. D. REV. HERRICK JOHNSON, D. D., was born at K.iiighne- v/aga, N. V. State, on September i.>lh, iK,^2. He was educated at Jamestown .Acad- emy, N.V.; Hudson Granmiar School, Ohio ; Hamilton College, and the .\ubiirn Theologic.il Seminary. He is now Professor of Pastoral Theology and .Sacred Rhe- toric in the McCor- m i c k Seminarv, Chicago, and is a recognized leader in the Presbyterian Church, lie has taken a M'rvpi'om- inent part in all the higher educational work of that de- nomination. As trustee of Lake Kores t C n i vers- ity; member of the .\merican Tract, Bible, and National Temperance So- cieties; of the .Sun- day School, and American Sabbath Unions, he has exerted a wide and beneficent influence upon the nation. His sermons are widely read, and his works, " Christian- ity's Challenge," "Revivals," and "Talks about Theaters," have given him much ftivor with all interested in the progress of evan- jfelical religion. Formerly a Republic.in, he became a convert to the Prohibition Party some ten years ago, and he has rendered it great service, both I'ly voice iind pen. He has been I'res. of the Presbyteri;in Board of Aid for Colleges since its foundation ; was for years a director of^ the Union Theo. Sem., N.V.; wasfor a time I'res. of the Presb'n Hd. of Ministerial Education, and a member ol the Prcsbn Bd.s. of Publicat'nand of Miiiisl'l Relief in Phil,idelphia. GENERAL JOHN BIDWELL was born in Chautauqua County, N. V., August 5, 1H19, of New ICngland parentage. He was educated at the Kingsville .Acad- emv, Astabula Co., Ohio. In 1841 he went with the first p.irty of white men to California, bv w;iy of the Sierras, and was closely identified with the opening up of the State. He was elected to the first .Senate of C.iliforni.a in 1849. .At the Charlestown Dem- ocratic Convention in i860 he stood .alone in the Cali- fornia delegation, and remained loyal to the L'nii>n. Dur- ing the war he com- manded the Fifth Brigade, California militia. In 1864 he was a delegate to the National Repub- lican Convention, was elected to the thirty-ninth Congress and made Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture. In 1875 he was nominated for Governor on an Anti- Monopoly ticket, was a member of the Anti-Chinese Convention at Sacramento in 1886, and four years later Prohibition candidate for Governor. In 1892 he was nomin.ated by the Prohibition Party for President of the United St.ites. .At one time he was engaged in wine-making, but learning that all wines had to be rectified with alcohol, went out of the business forever. He re- sides with his wife on their ranch of 25,000 acres near Cliico. The General is known and beloved throughout California for his chanties, benefactions and public Npirit. 46 PROHIBITION LEADERS. RKV. D. M. MIIIEI.I., M.A., H.TIi., ot St. Cuoix>', Oiil., ; well-kniuvti ami pt^piilar l^aplist rniiiisli't, was Imrii in Hi'ainsvilK' r ot lii> IJru'olii C\i., i.)ii(., Si'p(. J 5, iHio. I 111' son of llfiliy Milu'll aiul Mar^ari't Mor- iraii, his will'. Hi- ifi'i-iM-il his pii'liin- inary training; for (111- ministry in tlu- HaplisI e'lilli'iff at W noils I ink, anil tiiok a niin-ri'siilcnt I'oiir-si' lit" stuily in W'l'sli'yan I'liivor- sitv, Blooniin^jlon, 111.' Hfsiili-s tho ilr- jjivi's of \[..\. ami I'll. H., ho has also ri'ii-ivi'il that of H. Th., from MiMas- ti*r l'ni\i'rsil\' ( Bap- tist )of Toronto. Ill- h.'is ht'i'ii lour \t'ars Si-r.- Iivas. of tilt' Baptist L'onvi-ntioii of till- I'rovimi's ot Ontario anil (Jiio- boc. I'olitiially, lif has liiHMi in sym- pathy with till' i.ili- iM'al I'.irty, lint, like iliMiomination in tin "early every other minister ami nu'tnlier Provinre, the stroiijfest " pl.ink " in his persiinal political platform is Prohibition, lie would willingly lo-operate with true men ol every party to hasten thi* il.'iy ^''\ its siiecess. Hi* is ;i member ot the kiiyjil Templars of Temperanee, anil w.is at one time ,i Seleel Couneilor. He has .-ilso bi*liiiij^i»il to other simil.ar boilii's, anil has t.'iken an aetive haml in some impoi'tant loeal eampai^ns, but movement ha II (t> |tVl\tlli>^ iiiiiivt i;i ."it'iiiv iiii|'i>iiiiiii iiivfii viviiiiKiiLiii:^) I'lll his priiieipal work in behalf of the temperanee movement has been in his own pulpit and in eonneetion with his own elmreh duties. Here he has faithfully used his opportunities in behalf of that and similar moral and social reforms. JOHN \V. WKSTI.AKK SI'KV, of St. Johns, Newfound- land, li. S. of the S. of T. for that I'rovinee, was born at I'arbonear, t'oneept ion Bay, .\u)^. iK, 1S40. I lis father was editor of the '* Sentinel, " of th;it plaee, and a few years Liter moveil to St. John's, the eapital of the Islanil. There he w;is eilui'ateil. I le is a meinlier of St. .Andrews Presby- teri.'in Chureh ; is not .letive in politi- e:il matters only so tar as temperanee le};;islation is i*iin- I'l'i'ned. He h;is been in the .letive ti'inperanee ranks si nee early boy- hood, beeoniiiiK' a membiM" of the Colli W.'iti'r .Army .at the af^^e of 10, ;iiul has ;ilw,-i\'s I'l'spei'teil its thri'e-fiilil pledge, ■ iffainst aleohol, tob.'u'eo anil pro- laiiity. Later on he lieiame a S. of T., .inil lor the past live ye;irs has been the Ci. Seribe of the llranil Oivision. He li.is been also a freipieni eontributor to the |iress in beh.ilf of the temperanee eause, anil h;is been ai'tive .anil suiTessful in planting anil stren^th- enini; ilivisions ot'the .Sons throughout thi' !'ro\i?ii"e; has assisted in I'.ain'.'issim;- tor tlu' ailoption of loe.al option l.aws iMiai'teil by the l.i'>;;islaturi*, anil in the juilii'ious ilisti'ibution of tempi'r.'inee liter.a- ture throujfhoul the eountry. He has ^fiven special attention to the \'oun^, anil tlu* inlrodtti'tion in the schools of I)i*. B. \V. Rieharilson's excellent Temperance Lesson Book. In every line of ert'ective temperance work .Mr. Spry has shown great activity and xeal. REV. HKNRY A. DKLANO, the popul.ir and well-known pastor of First Baptist Church in Kv.mston, Illinois, was born in Oneida, N. V., in I S48 , the son of \Vm. H. Delano, for nearly sixty ye.ars ,1 successful Baptist minister .'uul ,a fe;u-less ail- vocate of the abol- ition of sl.ivery .mil the drink tralVic. He inhiM'iteil nuii-h of hi?i father's radi- calism and intense /.v.il for the pro- motion of temper- am- e a n il o t h e r ffre.at reforms. He is a )rraduate of Denison L'niver- sity, Ohio, and afterwards took ,1 theoloj^ie.'il course at Rochi'ster. Kor many ye.irs he has been ;i very suc- cessful evanjfelist and pastor, and the seals to his ministry h.'ive been very many. As the result of his labors about 800 converts have been bap- tized. He has also written much and well, both poetry and prose. His pastor.'ites have been : Miiiml Morris, N. V.; Zanesville, O. ; Norwich, N.Y., and Evanston, III. At Zanesville be was leader ol the Murphy .Movement, associated with Rev. Edward I'ayson Ham- tiuind, and the results were felt for >;ood throuffhout the city. He has been, for years, in active sympathy with the " Thiril P.art)' Movement. " He has been twice nominated by the Prohibit'n Party as candidate for the Assembly, anil once for Coii^fress. Few men have been more fearless Jind outspoken in their hostility to the wholi^ drink traffic. Hon. John P. St. John, Prof. A. A. I Iopkins,and others of their class, esteem him as .a man " in dead earnest " in his work. REW MIRAM \V. GIKFORD, Ph. I)., the popular pastor of First M. E. Church, Howell, .Michijcaii, is a n.itive of the Province of Ont.irio, but ot Puritanic and Revo- lution.iry stock. He was born in New- I'astle, Ont., June ,?rd, 1851. He is a self-maile man, hav- inij inaile his own w;iy in the world sinci' twelve yi*ars of ajfe. Not beiiiK able to carry out his cherished plans for eompletiiifr a college coursi' of eilueation, he set himself resolutely to the t.'isk of pi'r- sonally mastering .1 course, and after years of patient effort received, on ex.amin.'it ion, the degrees of Ph. B. and Ph. n. In early life he identified himself with the temperance move- in e n t , a n d has always since done what he could for its adv.incemenl. His work on the platform on these lities has been chieliy in the cause of Local Option .and Consti- tutional .Amendment. On tlu- pl.itform and through the press he has taken a leading stand regarding "The Sin of the License System." He began his work as a Methodist minister at the age of 20, and that has been his gre.it life work. In the pulpit, as well as on the plat- form, he h.as been very popular and successful. He is also an .author of considerable note. Among his published works, which have been extensively circulated, are, " Baptism in a Nutshell, " " IngersoUism Cnm.isked, " " Laws of the Soul, or the .Science of Religion and the Future Life," the last of which has attracted considerable attention. PROHIBITION LEADERS. 47 j^fei>:i'4'';t^ '^U LJh ijj^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^'' i ^mgw/f^^ KKV. AI.l'IIKlS IIACl.W SEMBOWKK, M. A., ofSaleni, N. J., was hi)in orCnTrnaii paivtils in a^o^J rahiii in AlUx'iaiiv Co., Mil., Maivlid, iH.v III' liaJ I'l'W i-ariy filiu'alional aclvaiit- a^i's, l)ul inaili- up thai ili'ru-it'in"\' liy cl i 1 i >^t'nl privatf St luly. Ill' bt'^an ti'acliiiij^ wlu'ti iS yi'ars ol' a^t', <'uk1 t'Oiiliiiiit'il il lortliir- li'i'ii N't'ar'^. W'hili' Sup I. Ill' I'uhlii- Sflioiils ill Johns- town, Pa., lit' roin- mi'iu't'd prt'.'U'hinj^, am! st'vi'ii yi'.irs l,ilor ili'voti'ii hini- >i'ir t'Mtiri'U' to till' initlislry in i-onni'i'- tion witii till' Hiip- tist Cliurili. Siiiii' that tinii' ho has llOlMipil'd sfVtT.'ll iinport.'int sl.'itiiins, anil is ni>w in his t w o 1 It h y I' .'i r i n S.-ili'iii, N. J. For twi'iity-oiif years 111' was ,'i nii'inhiT of till' Hil. ol' Cur- ators of the University of Uewisbnr>r, anil now of Huekiu'll rnivers- itv, from whii'h he rei-eiveil his ile^ri'e of M. A. lie has .also hi-en seven \'e;irs on tlii' Hti. o\' Conti-ol ol' South Jirsi'\- Instilute. I li' is married, anil li.as two sons in lousiness at UeaiUn^, Pa. He lias hei'ii a life-lon>; abstainer, and thinks he w.is born a I'rohihitionist. Me beeanie a Son of 'rempi'r.'inee in boyliooil, .'iriil also .a meiiiber oi' the Temple i>f Honor. Of llii' l.nst he h.'is been .a nii'nibi'i-of tlii' Supreme Couiieil thirty years, .ind has filled the hijfhest position at its dis- posal. He is also a Cn^otl TenipLar. Hi' has voteil llie Prohibition Party tieket wherever there was opportunity. He has .also written ii jjood deal for tlie press in behalf of the teiiiperaiiee lause. MRS. AI.MIRA L. PRINDLE, of the Kloretue Crittention Homes and Missions, New York, wa.s born in .Sijukshoro, .Addi- tion, \'t., near one of the foot hills of the (ireen Motin- t.ain ran^e, Mareh J«th, iK.^7. Her parents were Steph. anil l.ydi.'i Ci i- I'l'ii , ineiiibers of the .So- eiely of I'Viends, or (Jnakers. She w.is I'llui'aleil in \ i n e Partners Bo.irdiiif; •Seliool, Duehess County, New York, a II d iifterw.irds l.iujfht siliool f o I ti'ii years, niostU' in the soiitlierii part of New \'ork Slate. .\l the ;i>fe of 2b she was m.irried to C. Cf. Prinille, :i noted botanist, liort ii-vil- tiirist and hypern- dizer. Their resi- deiiee was in Cliar- I o t t e, one of the beautiful lake towns ill the Chaniplain Valley. From the birth of her only eliild she bee.iMie an invalid, and remained so for nearly eij;hl years. Duiiii)^ I'lose d.iys of afflietion she beeanie so in love witii Jesus and His e.'.,ise that she resolved to spend the balaiue of her life in feeding Lis lambs, and seeking and saving the lost. .Seventeen yearsof sui ha life of use- fulness have siiu'e been spent , durinjf wliieh she b.. . been a blessinjf to many, who deliKhl to eall her " Mother," by wiiieh name she is very widely known. She is a member of the W". C. T. I', and a member of kindreil oixanizations, and has done a >food deal of open air and «ospel w.ig^on work. She was a dele>f:ite to the World's W. C. T. U. Convention in London in 1895. She has been instru- mental in plantlii)^ two Girls' Homes, which are .-i jfrcat blessing. .MRS. K. NOR INK L.WV, of Hit roil, evanjfolist, leelurer .'ind voialisi, was born Jan. J(>, iSCij, at New Hoslon, Illinois, the d.iunhter of .Mieh.iel l''i;i/.ee, anil Kmiiie- line R.'indall, his wife. She w.is edu- eati'd at Hunlin>;- liin, Ind., one of the best sehools in the State, and siiue ^railuati'il with hi^li honors ill the Oi'-'in W'rij^lit I'ourvi' ol stuilv in Ciri'ek .mil 1'aij.iiisli Hiblestuily, tiij;t'tlii'r with eol- l.'iti'ral stutlii's. She is .'111 evanj^elist in the U". C' T. C, holilin^ .'i iliploma o\' elVii'ii'iii'y. .She li.'is bei'ii .'1 memf.er of the .Methodist Episeopal Chuivh sinee ten years of ajfe, and li.'is been iiiueli biesseil anil e n e o u r a ^ e il .a t times ill lii'r woi'k as.'in ev.anm'list. In her the Prohibition Party " li.is .ill the svnipathies .and support a ballotless woni.in eaii jcive. " She has been a member of the U'.C. T. I', siiu e i.'^S^, .ind has filled important olliies in v.irious I'nions, loe.il, distriel .inil Slate. She is State Or- ganizer of Younj; Woni. Cnions in Mieh., anil also .1 N.it. Org.inizer .'inil lecturer. She w.is for four ye.irs Pics, of the I'pper Penin- sula \V. C. T. I', of Michijf.iii. In the pulpit, on the platform .and ihroujch the press she b.is been jjcncr.iily rciO),'nized as a strong and earnest advocate of the jficat Prohibition movement. Her time .ind efforts are larj^jcly devoted to tempcraiu'c and Chrisli.in work. Her .iddiess is 1152 Fourtcentli .ivemie, Detroit. The press speaks lii>^lil\- of her work in the localities she has visited. THK I.ATK JOHN NKWTON STKARNS, of New York, so ni.anv vc.ars the well-known m.aiiaj^er of tlii' .\.at. Tcmpi'r.ance Pub. House, will lon>^ be re me III - hcreil by this j^ener- .ation of temperance reailers .anil work- ers. He was .a iii.aii of ^:rcat zeal and I'liL'riil'y, and his suc- cess in the pulli- cation and spread oi sonnil tenipi'r'- .aiii'i' liter.ature will result ill jfl'C.lt ({ood lor ni.iny years to i" o 111 I'. 1 1 e w .a s born in an old- fashioned farm house ill New Ips- wak, N. H., May 24tli, iK.'t). His father was a sturdy farmer and .1 school teacher, re.arinj; a family of se\eii chil- dren, -■'" whom John was tiic younjjcst. He spent his early days on the farm, where he made him- self ">;enerally useful "; then he lauj^lit a country school, "board- in^f round '; then he became a succi'ssful book a^i'iit in the country, .and later on editor of ".Merry's Museum, " a popul.ar juvenile niajf.a- zine, and after that the world-known ajfenl of the N. T. P. S. , and eilitor and author of tempi'ranee books, tr.acts, paniphlets .and periodicals. He was in the temperance i.uiks from childhood ; a nieinber of the Cold Water .Army in iH^6, when seven years old ; a Cadet of Tem|K'r.aiice in iS,to ; a H.aiiil of Hope boy in 1842 ; a S'of T. in 1848; a O. T. in 1H66, besides simil.ir bodies. In all tli.al his hand found to do in Temperance he did il with his niiffht ; he never Hrew weary in well doiii};. He died in April, 181)5, hij^hly respected and deeply laiiienled by liis cu-workers llie (emperaiice world over. 1 i: 1 48 PROHIHrriON LEADEilS. '1 i RKV. li. O. lU'KSTIS w.is l>i)i 11 ifi CuiiiIh-i liinil C'l'imlv, N. S., Aiij;. 6, iH.'i. He is ilu' smi ol lanics aiul Molinila Hni'stis, ol I'. K. I.oviilist lll'Sl'l'Ill . Ill' t'll- (iMi'il llu' tiiiiiistrv 111' llu- .Mi-lliiKlisl Cliiiiili ill i«4l>, lon- tituii-il ill llu' fu'tivt* wtirU I'oi" rorly-llii'ft' M'ilTS, IVtil'ill^ ill iSSi), lull lif >lill pii-arlu's i'\iM'y Sali- iialli. Ilf lias !h-imi a U'lMotalitM* siiu'i- iS_;i witlunit tiiua* \ lolalin^lIu'pK'dj^o. I li' joiiu'ii llu' S. Ill T., Ill' \\liii"li 111' is si ill a ilU'ililu'r, ill 1S4S; has hail llu- lioiuir 111 lii'iii'^;' t'f. \V. r. iiilliii'f iv.iv- iiii'i's, ami was M. W. (.'haplain ol ihi' Xalini il ni vision I'lOiii iS;(i 111 iSjK. 1 lis wtirU for l*rohi- l)!lion hasbi'oM loiij; aiul i'Xti'nsi\i', as hi' li't't iiri'i) ami pri'ai'hi'tl on I ho suliji'i't lor iiiori' than forty years, ami is still I'lii^a^ji'il in the work. In tliis connt'i'lion it is worthy of noti' thai hi' is said to havi' ili'livi'ii'd niiiri' spi'i'i'hi's at tlii' Annual Confi'iviua's Kt\' tlii' Mt'thodist Cliuri'h than an\' otlii'r man li\inj^ in thi' Maritimi' Proviiu-is of Canada. Hi' has doiii' soiiu' I'dilorial work in lOiini'ition with till' ti'nipi'rani'i' nun-i'iin'iit, ;iml li.as writti'ii imii'li for thi' pii'ss, both on tt'nipi'rami' and ri'lij^ion. Sonii' of his wrilinj;s, chii'fly in lunni'ition with .Mi'thodism, liavi' bi'en published liy him in book form. In poliliis ho is Indopon- dont, but has loanin^fs in tlio diivotion ol what ho oonsidors to be the rij^ht side. HEXRY n. MKTCAI.K, of rawtiukoi, R. I., was born in Boston, April Jiid, iHn), .ami edui-.ati'ii .at tlu' publio si-hools llu'ro. Appronliii'd 10 the whiiiosalo ilry- >j^oiitis liaili' at fif- ti'on, 111' i-ontinuoil in purolv moroantiU' life until iS(i5. Ho is iiiiw I'lii^taiL^oil in llio manufai'turi' of rinoroil buttons. I lo is ill his twi'iit\ - si'i'onil \i';ir iA' laiii- tinuous sorvioo .as Suporiiiloiideiit iif a Suml.ay Si'lioiil in I'awtuikot. lie is I'rosidi'iil of the N'alioii.il C'onvon- tioii o\' I'nivors.al- ists, .also .a tnisteo of Tufts Colle^'o, and \'ioe-I'rosidoiit of its I'orpiir.ation. I lo w.is Senator in lie Rhode Island l.i'^isl.atuie in iHSt), ami ,a ineniber of till' town j^ovoni- iiioiit of Pawtuokot for two years. He has been for several yeirs a niaiiaffer of the National Teni|H'r.aiieo Sooiety. He aotod with the Repuhliean Party from 1H56 to 18S7, e.\oept in 1.S72, when ho voted for Horaoe tlreoly for President. In i8S<) ho led a move- ment lo unite disaffeoted Ropubiieaiis, wiiii ooulii not bo iiuluood to join the Prohibition Party, under the ii.ame of tlio Law Kiiforoo- ment Party. In the amendment oaiii|>iii^ns of 1886 and i88q Mr. Metoalf is generally aoi'reiliteil .as loader. Siiioe iH<)o lie li.as aotod unreservedly with the Prohibition Party, and in 181)3 '"'^^ '**')4 was its oandidate for Governor. Ho has positive views on other ques- tions of soeial and politio.al reform, but boliovos the true inelluid to promote broad reform is to first remove the drink traffic. THOMAS III TCHlNf.S, of ll.difax, \. S., the veteran lenipor.ini'i' looliiior .mil worker, is one of the best temperance men in the M.iritime Proviiioes of Can- ada. Wo was born in l.oniliiii, I*'iif^., Dot. .•4, iHj«, and ri'Oi'i\oil his I'llui'.a- tioii .after I'ominjj to (.'.iiiada. Ho lias tii'i'ii for ovi'r twen- ty ye.ars a loi-ai ineaohor in the Molhodisl (.'hiiroh, but the ailvaiu-in^ of till' ti'inpi'r.ani'o iiio\'i'ini'nt li.as bi'oii his life-loii)^ work, i II' bi'i'.aiiii' .a S. oi' r.alSt.Joliii,.\.H., wiii'ii JO yo.ars oi a^■l', ami lias boon ill the Order and "in tlio harness " over sini'o. Years 1 ilor he beiamo a •'I'sidi'iit of till' i*rov- iui'o of ^ui'bec, anil ill iS()i 111' be- I'.aini' a ini'inbor of "Old Hiiw.ird Divi- sion No. I ," oi' .Mon- treal. }W' llii'ii look till' publio pt.atforui ami li.as boi'ii on it .almost continuously ever since. \{c was for .1 tiiiio the affoiil of the .Mon- treal 'rompi'r.ani'i' Soi'iol\', ami iif the Ci. P. .S. of T. of the Prov. of ^iii'boc. i.,ati'r on hi' bi'i'.amo a rositlont oi .Nova Scotia .and in 1869 hec.aine .1 niombor of I hobucto I)iv. at Il.alil.ax, of which he is still a mombor. Ho is .also a niombor iif thi' iir.anii Oivision of tli.it Province, and has tilloil the cli.iii of C>. \V. P. Kor over twenty years bo w.is a>;onl and loclurer of the Order in Nova Scotia, and ilurin^" tli.at time has visiloii .and li'cturi'd in every county .and almost every scliool section in the Provinco. \\f has worked in a similar capacity in oilier eastern Provinces .and the Ciiited States. AARON CAMPBELL EASLEY, B.L., A.M., Sec.-Treas. of .\dd-Ran I'niversitv, Thorp Sprinjjs, Texas, was born near .Macon City, Mo., March 1 J, 18(14, the son of W'illi.am Easley and I'liivbo Tolor, his wife. Ho w.as edu- cated in the public si'liools of his native State .anil in .Add- R.aii I'niversity. Tliri'i' ye.ars .after hoonlorod thai I'ni- \a*rsity aiKn in Hood County, of whicli ho is a resident, he organized a dramatic company; they tfol up an excellent temperance play and presented it at several places in the county, with excellent and eiicoura(fin}f success. Where there is a Slate Prohibition campaixn it is his intention to make a lour of the State with tills play, as he is thorouffhiy convinced that by so doinjf ffreat >food can bo acconiplished in the promotion of the Prohibition principles. PROHIBITION LEADERS. 49 Ki;\'. CHAS. II. ST. JOII.N' w.is horn ol Siolili p;lrl•^l.l^'^•, ic-ir .\uburn,'.N. Y., in iH4_5. Et ut'iileU lnlllifolo>fy, law, iiiul nii'ili- I'iiii', h»' ^ni.'ilrii'u- _ _ InlfJ ;iiul ri'.iil llif I'll. H. Kiiiisc Willi llu' Illinois Wi's- IrViin I' iiivorsily. l**or sonu- yi'Jii's, as pasUir, ht* ori'iipii*(l soinr ot' till* li'.'ulin>; pulpits in till' t'l'n- ti;il Illinois l'i>nl't'i'- .•iii-i- of Ihr M. I".. (.'Iiur.li. Il<>.illli t.'iilin^;. lu- rfnii>vtHl to MiMivrr, C'ol., in i.SSi, when- ho I'li- ti'ii'd on llii' study ol the law. In iKS? In' «,is ^ippointcil spri'ial jud^i' i>t' tlu' I'. S. l\'nsion Dt'pt. In iSSj, with iMlnTs, lit' iiis. In iH8t) hi- anil his wife won- dcli-^.iu-s to thi- W'oi Id s Suiiilay Siliool C'oii- \t-iitioii, l.oiulon, I-ai_i^. \VliiU- .-ihst-nl lit- .-uklri-ssi-d larj^i- i-i>njjrt*- ^.'itions in l-ai^l.-uul on llu- Irinpi-r.'iiui- ipii-stion. IlKNUV .\n.\MS TlUnil'SON, il.D., 1. 1.. P., Ihi- third \ii'f-l'ivsidi'ntial laiulidato ol llu- Prohibition I'.irly, was horn in t'l'iiti-rCouiuy, I'.i., - Ma ivh -'V'J- >^M- His lallu-r was a n llu* farm, aiul .-it- li-miinij si'hool tlur- iii>; llu- wiiitor. \lv aftorwarils .'itti-iul- od JolVorson I'ol- lo);o, I'a., jfiadn- atiiiff ill 1S5S. Ho tlion bi-jj^.'in sillily .-it tho Woslorn Tlu-o- loj^io.al Somin<'ir\', .Mlojfliany, I'a. In ' K() I ho boi-aino I'lOloss... of Matho- inatios at tho Wosl- orn Collo^jo, Wosl- orn Iowa, and in 1K72 ho booamo I'rosidont ofOttorboin I'nivorsily, Woslorvillo, Ohio, holding this position fourtoon yoars. In 187 ^ his alma malor fjavo him llu- dof;roo of l(. P., and in 1SS6 Wostfiold (III. I (.'ollonog-avo him thodoffioo of I.I,. P. Ho loft tho Kopiihlioaii I'arly in 1S74, and booamo a I'rohihitionist, ;iiul in tho saino yoar was namod oandidalo for Loii^fross of tho I'lohihilionisls of tho Cohimhus nislriol, Ohio. Tho noxt yoar bo was Prohibition oandi- dalo for I.ioiil.-l'iovornor of Ohio, and in 1.SS7 for Govornor. Ho was L'h.'iirman of tho .\al. Prohibit n Convon. in 1K76, and has boon Chairman of tho Ohio Stato Proh. Com. for many yo.irs; has also boon Pros, of tho .Nat. Proh. .\lli. siiuo itsor>;anization in 1H77. Ho has writ ton exieiisively on tlieologioal and tompoiance topics. KK\'. KCliK.NI.V ST. JtlHN, now pastor of llio Cordon Pl.ioi- .Mothoilisi Piotosiiiiit Cliuivh, K.msas Citv, was born noar KlKin, III., of C.or- niaii ami Si-oU'h- Irish pa r*-iit.'i^o. Ainon^ lu-r .\mor- io;ui aiu-ostry she nuinbors Comnio- doiv I' ry , Col. Kioo, 1 ho Rovo- lulioii.ii > War, and I'. S. Sonator Pal- t i-rsoii , o f N t- w ^'olk. .\t 14 .Mrs. St. John linislu-d llu- ^r.'iilod aiul high s4 lio*il ooiirsos of lu-r nali\'o town .'iml boj^an toaobing. In I S(u) slio iii.'irriod Iho K.-v. CliailosH. St. John, and tho loiiplo look up llioir rosidoiu-o in MU>om- in^jton. On tlio liiil- uri- of Mr. St. John's lio.'illh, in iHKo, his wifi- was itnmodi- .■itt-l\' I'lioson by the oiniroh to tako hix pi a 00, and here ht-^.m lu-r work .is .1 liooiisod pioaohoi. In 1SS7 slio joined tho .MotliodisI i'roti-st.inl Clninli, and w.is ord.'iiiiod a miiiistor and an I'vaiiffolisl of llu- K.ins.is Confoii-iuo, wliioli she has simo faith- fully soivoil. In iSi)j slio was oli-otod to llu- Cionoral Conforonoo .It Uostniiiislor, .Mil., and w.is iho first lady niiiiistorial dolojrato so.itod in tho I'linor.il Conl'i-roiuo in ibo I'nilod Stales. Oriffinally a Uopubliian in polities, she hi-i;imoa Prohibilionisl. She was one of the first women of Illinois to plead for Prohihition, oven Miss Willard boiiiff .it that time an .idvoeato of l.oo.il Option. She has been ihoseii a delof;ati- to the National Women's Chrlslian Tem- poraneo Ciiion live times, .iiul to the .National Prohibition Con- vent ii>n three times. KE\'. S. A. C.H.I.EV, S. T. P., was born in Farmersville, CatlarauffiisJCo., N. \,, April Ji, i>>45. His p.ironts wore James Hillev and Betsov M. Kly. He was i-dueated at Rush- ford (N. Y.) Aiad- omy, and the Gen- i-soo W'llley Semin- .'iry. Puring the Civil War he served nearly throe yoars in llu- I'nioii .Army, .\l its close be entered the ministry of the Wo si ova 11 .MolhodisI Clu'ireh (Amoriean), a de- nomination noted loi its radieal priii- eiples of mi>r.'il reform. He first supported the Re- publiian Party, but in 1S7J uiiiled with I h e Pro hi b it ion P.irly. Ho was President of the Wisooiisin Confer- eneo of his Church for four ye.irs, and of the Iowa Confer- onee several terms; was three yoars Prof, of Thoolojfy in Wasioj.i Seminary, Minn.; h.'is boon a memlH-r i>f the Cionoral Conforonee si-vor.-il times, ,iiid is miw editor iti' their Sinul.'iy Soliool qii.'irtorlii-s. l\c has g.'iinod mi»re than a Stati--wido ri-pulalii>n as ;i reform loi-tiiror and writer. Vor many yoars ho h.'is wrilton an avor.'ijri. of a ooliimn a week for Iho Prohibition pri-ss, for wliioli hi- has never roei-ived a penny of pay. I le h.is boon throe times a Prohibition eandidate for Con- jfress. He is now a monibor of the National Central Commitico, anil is Mfijiir-Cfoner.'il, i-omin;iiulinj;" tlu- low.a oorjis of the Prohi- bition .\rmy of Iho Hliie and the llr.iy. \ic has a wife and five children. His residonee is in the suburbs of Marenj^o, Iowa. *^ I i » 1 i ■ • ! 1'! I ! I 5* PROHIHITION LEADERS. JOHN KKDI'ATH HOIC.AI.I. was Imni in Montrral on the 171I1 day ol Aiiirnsr , mn ) 1 , liis parciils bciii^; lohn^lXiiijjall, tniM't-hant and JiMn'- rialisl, and, Kliza- lu'th, ilaii^htiM' oC John Kfilpatli, k\>i\- tiaiior anil inanii- t'a\'tni-i'r. \lc was t'lliu'ali'd a I t lu' llijfli Siliool and Mi'iiill I'niviMsily, ol' whii'li lu' Is a I'l'llow and an M.A. I'\>?- I'lt'von years hf > liar I'd \v i I h his tathiT thi' rt'sponsi- hiliU' oi nianaj^o- ini'nl, and in 1S71 assnini'il thi' ontirt' I'oiiti'ol of thi' t'X- U'nsiw inli'i'i'sts of thi' U'itni'ss I'nb- I i s hinj^ 1 1 o u s I'. Wh.'n a rhild In- joiiu'ii I hi' I'olil UaliT Aciny. and lati'f 'l"ht' Ti'iiipiT- ani'i' Coniinit ti'i', fornii'd by tlti' lali' Dr. C a f 11' n 1 1' r. This niovi'iiii'nt in- spiri'ti thi' ili'nianil npon I'arliaini'nt ci'stiliin^ in thi' C'anad;i Ti'inpi'ranit' Ait of 1M7H, and out of this >;ri'w thi' Ooininion Alhanii' for tlii' li'j;al supprrssion ot thi' lii|iuir traflic. Mr. noii>;all is I'li'sidi-nt of thi' yni'bi'C Mranrh, and has bi'i'n lon- linuously on ihi' Kxi'iulivi' of thi' lloininion Alliami'. Throuffh steadfast devotion to hij^li primipli's he has made the "Witness" a power for ^ooii in all thi' ^reat inot;il ino\'i'ini'iits oi tlie ilay. Mr. Douffall, thoii^fli r.ither retiring; in disposition and man- ner, is a man of a liijfli order of talent, ot exiellent executive ability, thoroiiffhly eonseientioiis and eminently |)atriotic. No public ni.m enjoys in larjjer dejfree the confidence and lovi' of the Canadian people. RALPH S. THOJH'SON, nian.iffinK editor of "The New Era," was born in Edwards Co., III., in 1847 — the first county in the n.'ttion to out- law the dram shop. Here he was trained a J e f fe r so n i a n D e tn o e r .1 1 . H e never a t t e n d e il school ov I'olli'^i', ami passi'il his boy- hood on a farm. In t Hb5 he opeiu'd ;i ilru^; store in the villa^je of .Albion, .-mil in iH(k) st.arteil till' lirst iiewsp.-iper in his county, learn- injf to set type by himself, tending; the store bv d;iy and workinjjf on the p.'iper h v ni^ht. .About this lime he t urn I'll out i>f his dru>j store. -ill liquor .'mil p.'tti'tit bitters. This r.'iilii'al posi- tion interfered with his business, and in |S7^^ hi' s.'U'rifieetl all hi* h.'iil maileand mm I'd to Cincinnati. In 1876 be removed to Sprinjffield, t.ikinj.'- charj;e of an .ij^ricul- lural paper and joining the Cir.inj^e. From 1S80 to 18H4 he was lecturer of the Ohio Stale (Iranffe. In 1881 he joined the I'lohi- bition Party, and in 1885 he became editor of "The New Kra." His stronjr stand on Prohibition injured his a^jfiicultural papers, and he ajjain sacrificed the results of l.is labors. In 188(1 The New Er.'i Publisliiiiff Company was founded, and he w.is clecled manaj^in^ editor, which position he has sini'i' ret.'iini'il. His family were Unitarians. In 1871, however, be joined the Cumber- land Presbyterian Church, but, on movinr toOhio, united with the Presbyterians. O. W. HOOKER, C. C. T. of lite C.rand l.odjfe of New York, is a Verinonter by birth, and jjraduated ;it the Troy Con- I'eieni'e .Xi'aili'iny, I'oultney, \'t., in the cl.'iss of '54. In i8(x) he was Ill- it iaied into I.eRoy I. mine. No. 711, I. O, Ci. T., w.'is soon (."hii'f Templar, anil uiuli'r his li-aili'i'ship till' loil^i* numbered 400 mi'inbi'i's. In 1 87 J, while County Cliii'f Ti'inplar, he was elected (irand Secrel.iry, which oHice he held for nini'tet'ii yi-.-iis, until failing he.-dth toici'il him to decline re- I'li'i'tioii. Hi'i'ntire- ly re-oixani/ed the work of that oHice, .and he is the author of the "I'omplete Rooks" for Secy., I'inaiic'l-Secy., and Tri'as. K^t' Siibordin- ;iti' Loil>^e,.'iniiCor.- Secy. of the County the loilifcs of New Sork .Stale the most i'i-i>unts usi'il by ;in\" Ciranil l.oil^e jurisdic- tion. He was subsequently elected Cnjinil Counselor, anil iifter- warils unaniniously chosen Cirand Cliii'f Ti'inpl.'ir. He is .'ictive, enerjji'tic, .a iii.'i^netic speaker, knows the Orili'r from A 10 7., and believes it not only the best school of I'rohibilion in the world, but one i>f the finest systems ot' ^ener.al culturi' i'\er lievisi'd. In re- ligion a Methodist, briiail in his \'ii'ws ; he is an earnest Sabbath School worker, .itid .1 ^reat lover of Bible trulli. His wife, a ^railu.-ile i>f the same .'icaili'inic cl;iss, is of ^;ii'at assist.anci' in his work. They li.'ivi' oiii' son, a rising minister, C'liief Templar of his lodjfc. Their home is one of the hiippiesl in the land. I.otl^e, now useii by pr.'ictical sysli'in of JlMlN l.l.OVn THOMAS «as born in hainshire, Kiif;., .April 12, 1857. He is llie Wilton P.irk, Hur- si>n of Re\ . Isaac Thomas, a distin- jfuished Welsh I'lerjfyinan .'iiid Pro- hibition .idvoeate. He speaks and reads the Welsh, .mil is proud of lis nativity ; received .1 common school education, and has worked for a living since he was 14 years old ; in clerk- ship anil business until i8()6. He was (hen c.'iUeil unto (i. r. work, .iiid in West Virjfinia he o r n ,a 11 i 7, 1' il 100 loilj^i's in 6 months, .'idilin^ ^^,000 li» tile meniliership. In i88q he became ni.ana^er of the National Prohibi- tion Hure.'iu for Maryland, W. Vir- );iiiia,\*ir^inia, Del- .'iware, N. and S. Carolina, ;ind the Dist. of Columbia. That year he orfjanized many counties in Mary- I;ind, State Cons, tor Oelaware anil \'irj;iiii:i, ami consider.able im- portant work in other States. .A Republican at first, he held oflice under Ciarfield's administration, and was olTered advancement under Presiili'iit .Arthur, but ili'clined. Hi' joined the Prohibition Party fully in 1882. In 1884 he was instrumenl.'d in securin>r il Marvlaiul tlele^jilion to the l*ittsburjf Ci>tiveiilion which nominated .St. John and Daniel. He was m.ide a member of the .Nat. Com.; has lectured in all p.irts of the Stales (except the .Soiith-West), .'uid in Canada, on Prohibition. He now edits " The Constitution," which denies the cunstiiutioiialily of laws licensing the drink traffic. PROHIBITION LEADERS. S» i RKV. WILLIAM A. MACKAV, H.A., n.I>., W.-ulsUuk, Oiil., biiiii .Miiiili 1 I. iH4-', i-. Ilii- oldi'sl of si'Vfii hiollifis, \'nr ol wliixn fiitfi'fil llu- iniiii^li) lit llu' I'lvs- byU'iian (.' Iiiirili. Kroiii I III' »iic 111' id lo i.i III- lau^flil srliiKil ill Oxliird, \n> iialivi' riuinly. In iS;railiiaU'il in Knox l.'oll<'>;<', aiul wa> livrnst'tl by llu- I oroillol'li'shy- li'iy lo pioaili llu" llosprl. His (irsi iliar^fi- was I'lu-I- tfiihain and Ml. Ploasanl . in 'i'oi'onUi I'losby I I'ly ; liis si'i-oiul was Halli- 111 oil' aiul C'old- sprinj;'s, in IV'ti'r- horonji:h Pri-sby- Iciy, aiul I'orllulasl ci^fhli'i'ii yi-ais lu' lias bi-i'ii pastor of (.lialiiuT s (.'Inirili, Woodsloik, ono of llu- larjfi-st I'lvsbvli'iian ron>;rf>;alions in llif I'loviiui-. A vi'isa- lili' wrilfi , .'in canu-st and flVi'ilivi' speaki-r, loaiU'ss in his i-xposiiiv of wroii^f, and llioroii>;lily ronscrrali-d lo his work, hi' has brcn lor .iboiil oiu'-qiiarU-r of a ifiiUiry .1 jfivat powi-r in advaiuin>f llu- loiii- pi'r.iiui' ivfonn. Sonu- of his tcnipi-raiui' Iraits havi- ri-ai-lu'd a lir- iiilalion of jo.ooo in lliri'o months. His book, "Oiilpi>iirin>fs oflhr Spiril,' piiblislu'd by tin- I'lvs'y Hoaril, I'liil.idi'lphia, is widoly liriii- lalfd in llu- Sl.iu-s. His work "on "Haplisni has jjoni- IhrouKli fi'iir- li-i'n odilioiis. In iSi)^ tin- Si-nali" of the I'lvs. Col., Monlri-al, lon- fiMTfd upon him the dVifivi- of P.D., in ri'ioK>iili"i> "' bis tlu'olo- jfical scholarship, i-viiui-d in his works, iind si-rviii-s to Iho ibiircb. RKV. HILI.IAUI) KRAMLS lllRKITXHKKc;, A. B., A. M.. I). I)., pasior of ihi- Ci-n(ral .Mi-lhodist L'luiivh, South Ashe- villf, .\. ».'., is the third son of R»'V. .\. .M. C'lin'it/bor>{, I). P., OIU' of till- .ibli'sl pri-ailuMs in the S. C. t'onlVr- iMuf, aiul was born in rn'or^fftown, S. C"., in 1S50. Hi- wati ({radii at I'd from WolVoril C'olli-Ki-, Span .1 II bii r^ ill i«7,V II f hid a woiult'i till I'ai'fi'r ol iisfliiliu'ss in South Carolina bi'fort' be- iii^j triiiisfiTri'd lo till' .North Carolina Conlomiii'. He joiiii'd tlir S. CCoii- fi-riMui- ill iSy^, and sorvi'd iharffi's at C'anidi'ii, .Andi'rsoii, Cli.irli'ston, SiimtiT, .Now bi-rry, Chi'stiT, and Columbia, and was appoiiiti-d to his pifsiMit pastor- all- in iHi)i, whi're his sui'ci'ss lias bi'en almost phi'iioiiu'iial. Ho is an iiuli'lali);abli' ti'iiipi'ranie worker, ■ inil is s.iid to h.ive di'livored more speeihes on the subject in S. C. for the l.isl ten years llian any other iii.iii. In iKK,^ he was elected i;. \V. C. T. of the Ci. T. of S. C., and has siiue represented the O. L. at live dirteient sessions of the R. W. (!. L. of the World. For three years he w.is editor of "The Temperaiue Worker," the offi- cial oiX'iii of all the lemperaiu e associations of S. C, and has been termed "The Temperance .\poslle of ih.it State, l-'or several ye.irs he was .Assistant Secy, of the S. C. Conference, and for six years its Secy. In 1H76 he married .\ddria K. Kirby, of Detroit. He is a tliou(;hlful, earnest, eloquent pieacher. W. FRANK PAVIS was born Jan. J4, 1K72, in AlliKerville, I'lster Co., N. Y.. his ancestry beinjj^ amoiiff the e.irly niitcli set- tlers. He obtained his preliminary edii- calion at the free school of his n.'itivi' villa>;e, and Kin^f- s I o II .\ I" a ilcmy . .After three years of successful teach- ing he ,1 1 1 e ml e d Cortland Normal School, will" re he took a d \ .1 II ced rank. In iHq.i he enli-reil t!u' d.'iss iif 'i)(i in .\mliersl Col- li'^ji', .Mass., ami is stuil\in(j t'ov till' 111 i 11 i s t ry oi t he Methodist Church. He bec.'ime a mem- ber of the I. O. C.. T. in 1S92, and is now a member of Howen I.odjj^e, of .Amherst. Since joiiiin^f llu* Oriler he has been an .active worker. He has held the offices of District Counselor and Dis- liicl Supt., and was elecled Inaiid Marshal in iSi)4. He is also a Special Deputy Ci. C. T., anil Deputy Gr.'ind Supt. of Juvenile Templars. He became a member of the liiternation.il Siipieine Lodjfe in 181)4, '^'^'^ ^railuati'il from the Ciooil 'I'emplar course of study at Boston in 1895. He 's a Prohibitionist, and was one of the founders of the Amherst CoUej^'e Prohibition Club, lioldin)^^, wiih other ineinbers, rallies in tlii' fall campaijjn of 181)5. He is a member of the Hampshire Co. Prohibition Lea^fue, .ind was a delen:ate to the Convention in iSqs that nominated Kendall for Cuivernor. He is a worker in the Kpworth Lea^fue, Christian Endeavor, White Cross Society, and Kinjf's Sons, ANDRFW C.. WcM.FFNBARC.FR was born in Virjfinia .March 24, 1856. His lather. Win. Wolfenbarger, was a inerchant, a U liiK politician, ;i n d for a time Sheriff of Poea- hont.'is Co. Prior to the war the fam- ily came to low.i, anil yoiing^ Wolfeii- barjfer received a good e o 111 m o n school education, and lau);lit public school five years. He then entered journalism .and re- moved to Nebraska in 1880, caslinjr hi.s first presidential vote for Ciarlield, and his second lor St. John on the I'ro- liibilioii ticket. At the first Prohibition Party Convention held in Nebraska li e w a s chosen Secy.; afterwards Secy, of the Slate Com., and was re- elected four times, declining- the fifth lender of the position. In 1887 he was named successor of the late John B. Finch on the Nat. Con', from .Nebi.iska. In 1888 he headed the ileleg.'ition from -N'ebniska to the N'jit. Con. He was a member of the Pl.ilforni Coin.; w.is ,ilso on the Kxec. Com., on which he serveil four years. In 1 892 he was teiiipor;iry .Secy, of the Nat. Con. at c'inciniKiti. Since 1885 he h;is been a wiilely-known and very popular platform spe;iker for Prohibition. He has spoken rejieat- edly in 25 States of the L'nion and in the Dominion of Canada, heav- ing delivered over 2,000 addresses on this supreme i.ssue. He is a Methodist ; a member of the Supreme Court Bar of Nebraska, and a regtiL'ir pr;iclitioiier in Lincoln, his home. s« PROHIBITION LEADERS. i III KDWARn S. I TMMKR. .it Tinnnlo, u.i!. hiiiii nonr Hi.- villaKt* of Nrwlonhrmik, Ymk i'«iinl\, l>nt:irii<, in 1H40. Wlu'ii 111- was si'\i'n yt'ars ot iiK>' lilt' rainily |-t'IIU>\'l>ll \ O I ll (' N'ia^'aia I't-ninMila. Ill' was I'lltuatfil at lilt' I'ltltlllUlll si-)ti)o), I II ll I ll I' Aiiriiia (■laiMiiiar Srlmol, .iiul laii^ltt sm"t"i*ss- IiiIIn Ioi sfM'ii voars. l*'or I w t» \ t'.irs 111* iiianaK<'il ll"' '"X- liMisivi' ^{I'lirial sliiiv at lili'iimmis <>( (iavii) I-'U'Iimiil; ; ti>r lwt> yt'acs iiiaii- a^inl a rtt-0|H'ral i\ t* s(i>r'i' ill I lainiltoii ; li>r livo vi'ais was I'lijfa^fi'il with a wlji>U'saU' j;i'i»i'fry aiul a i'i*al rslali' tii'tn, atui ior aii- i>tlu'f li\i» was as- sislaiil In Ri-v. I>r. Sloiu- in Mi'IIuhI- ist Kpisi'opal HiuiU Kimni in Ilaniilton ; was Sup. Sfry. I'l llu' \.0. I'. loriMKliI years, and is iiDW- ils Inuik-ki-i'piM-. Ili'is a lU'vnli-il nuMiiInT of tlif Mflluiilist C'liunli, anil was niiu' Mars a Ki'iiiiilinn Sli'waiil ii) Hamilton. IK* tu>\'i'r t.'isti*il a tli'i>p tit' into\ii'.'ilin>( liipior. At tlu* u^e of tt'n lu* joiiu*4l th** CatU'ts i>t" 'ri*n\pi'r;iniH*, anil .at tour- toen llu* huK*p(*iuli; a worki*r in roniifilioii with it till llu* pn*si'nl. Ilo has twii'i* lu*kl the oftu't* of liiaiul Connsi'lor, aiul w,is six liini's t'li*ili*d a ivpiv- sontativi* of tlu* ChjituI l.oil),'i' of l^iil.irio to tlu' Ri>;lit Worthy Grand l.od^i* i>f llu* W'orlil. Hi* w;is .also t'i>r lwi*nly \i'ars ,'i workiiifT nu*inlH*r of tlu* Sons of Trnipi*r.iiui*. In iK()j iu* mar- ried .\nii .M., dan^tlili*r of llu* l.ito Ri*v. Thoin.is Rump. MRS. ADA W.M.l.ACK rNRl'H, National l..*itnri*r and Orxaiiizer of tlu* National W. C T. I'., was born Di*i-. 3, iKs,?, in PorU*r t'i>., Ind., llu* il;i ii>^ht i*r of John II. and I. my l'ii*rit* \\'.ill;ii'i*. Shi* w.'ts i*diir.'ili*il at \'.'ilpar- ;iiso Pr**sh\i I'ri.an L'olIi*^i*, Iiul., ;nul is .a nu*ml>i*r iii' tlu* R.'iptist Cliiirih. Politirallv lu*r i*n- liri* syinp.al hit's .an* now with llu* I'rohi- hition P.arly. In lu-r I'.arly ilays slu' was an .irdi'iil Ri'piih- lii'.'in, buJ siiu't* hopt* failt'il in that patty i-vor ospousinjf tlu* I'.avist* ot' tlu* I'lim- pli*li* in'i*rthrow o\ tlu* liquor lr;inii', slu* is lunv ;i lui li'ss jirdi'iii I'rohibition- isl. Slu* has spi*nl m a n y y i* a r s of I'ariit'st ofTorl 1 1> pronu>ti* tlu* Ti*!!!- pt'fani-i* inovi'tni'iil, lioth with voiii*. and pen, and by any otlu>r availablo mt*ans. Slu* has bi*t*ii .111 artivi* Good Templar, but her work for years past has been mainly in connection with the \V. C. T. I'. .She also took a proniineni posi- tion in the Kansas and Orejfon Sl.ile l.oyal Temperaiue l.eajfue. She has worked in a number of imporl.ant Prohibition aiul Conslilu- lional campai>{ns. She h.is also leciured extensively for the Prohibi- tion Party and various other or);anizations who h.ive applied lor her services. She has writleii extensively for llu* press on .Soci.d Reform subjects, and conducted schools of method work in llu* Chatauquas. .Social purity work holds a special cl.iini on her sym- pathies. She has advocated these principles at places and in days when it required special cour.ijfe to do it. MRS. ANN .M. Cl'MMKR, ot Toronto, was born in Flaniil- Oi\t., 1H40. Her father wnn the late Rev. Thomas Rump, a ininisti'i- o\' the Melhoilisi C'liuich, who came from l'ai).;laiul to Canada ill iH)S. She is the youn^fcst daughter .mil the only mem- ber ol llu* f.iniily born ill C aiiada. .\t an early iiffe the principles of tem- perance were Ini- picsseil upon .'ind foiinil ii loil^cinent ill her mind, her lather having bei'ii a di'voted worker .'iiiil an I'arni'st ad- voc.ite for I he prin- ciples of "total abstiiictu'i' foi- llie inilix'iilual .-mil Pro- lii bi I i on fo r the Sl.ilc." When she ri*ai"lu*d the .aj^i* of it> yi'.'irs slu'bec.-itiu* ;i member of the I. O. t".. T., and has mainlaiiii'd an ac- tive connection with that Hiiler ever since that time. Slu* has on two ililVerent occa- sions bi'i'ii honoreil b\' the iii'.aiul l.oil^e bv beiii^f eleiieil to the position of (ir.'inil W'.orlhy \"ii'i'-Ti'nipl.'ir, having bei'ii ;i ri'jfiilar altenil.uit, not only at subordiiiiite, but at Grand LihIkc sessions. l''rom her earlii*st ilays her l.'ibors .'iiiil her intluence, ,'is well as those of her husb.'uul, .Mr. I*'ilw.'ird S. L'ummi'r, Iii wluim she was married in iSdj, have been foi- temperance .ind Prohibition. .Mr. anil Mrs. C'umnu'r h.avi' no i-hildri'ii. Thev ri'siile ;il a comfortiible homi' on Sherbounu' sirei'l in I'li* city of Tiironto, Ontario. Their first nu*etin>{ was in a food Tenipkir's lodjje- room. W.M.TKR SCOTT \VII.I.I.\.\IS was born in the County i,f Prince Kdward, Ont., May 24, iX.l.l- His father, Isaac Williams, was born in the s.iiiie County; his jtr.a n il fa I b e r, in Police hkeepsie, N. y. I lis motlu'r was Ch.ulotle lleriinjf- loii, a daiiffhter of .Mosi's lli'i rin^ton, late of the County of Prince Kdward. \\';ilter was edu- cated in the Normal School, Toronto; Kairtield .\cademv, I*'airlield, N.V.,and at X'ictoria Collejfe, Cobourjc. Out. He stiiilieil l;iw with Lewis Walbrid)^e, Ij. C. and Solicitor Gcner.il of Canada, ■ uul others. He re- sided ill Belleville up 111 iSbj, when he nio\'i*il to Nap.'mee, Out., ;ind practiced law until about 1881), when he moved to California. Mr. Williams was at- torney for the Hank of H. N. A., at .\apanee; .Mayor in 1H75, 1H76 and 1877, and I'. S. Consular .X^l. there for seven years. He was R. W. G. C. of tlu* I. O. G. T. of the World diiriiiK iHtx) and 1S70, and Ri^flit Worthy Grand .Secretary from 187^ to 18H0. He is ;ilso an Oildfellow and ;i Mason. .Mr. Williams is jfenial, ambitious, energetic, full of work, and wh.ilever he undertakes he accom- plishes. He is now a resilient of Ri*rki*lv, Cal. ; is ,*in atlornev and counselor-at-law of the Sup. Court of C.ilifoniia, and Inspector of a San Francisco Hank. He was, in Can.ida, a Reformer; in relijfion a Methodist. Heailheres firmly to temperanct* principles. He was married to EIniira K. HulTman, Jan. 19II1, 1857; has four daughters. 8 ! PROHIBITION I.RADRRS. 53 J' m KDl'iAR T. SCOTT was biirii in HiirliiiKlon, \l. His liiiluT, Jaiiu's SiotI, was of Siolili lU-sii-nl, ami his iiintluT, Mi'lia Hawkins, a \vi>iiian o r r !■ ni a i k a \< I ^• ability, w.is Wclsli- Kn^lish. A proin- iru'nt wiiltT s.'iiil ; *' Maii>i" Stitll ^I'ts his Ui^ii- ('r*>ni ihf Siolih, his >;iil li'iiin Ihf Knxlish, his (in- Iniin thr Wflsh. "Th.. I.iltif Kt'il Si'luHtl H i> u s I'," 1 1 i n i* s - hni'^h Ai'ailiMiiN' , Hiii'lin>^t (Ml Insli- tuli', \'l., >favi- him his "siluiolinjf." Al 15, L'oinmoiufnu'nt l)ay, al I in- At'ail- i-niy, hi' wiiTi (irst prizt' on ih'i-lama- tion. L'alti'il inlit llu' tii-UI in 1H79, hi' i'ii)4.'iy^i'il in nioi'al su.'ision I'tVoii. Mis pli'iljf.i' roll ron- lains ni'.'irly joo.ooo natni's. His I.-iIit work has hi'i-n I'llu- I'ational, llu' extir- pation of tho'saloon, Iht' iip-liiiililin>f oCa lloint'-l'roti'ilion I'.irty. Hi' Ims li'i'luri'il in .^o Stairs, ;inil Ont.irio, C'.inaila. Thr "I'nioti Si>fnal," and " N'l'w Ji-rsi-y I'lazctli'," havi- pnblislu'il his lorri'- sponilfnii- (or It'll yi',irs. Anionj; his li'itiiri's .ui' " Our Country ami lis Homos," " Vou llon'l CloAl ll Kiffhl," " Inluiinanity of ihi' Lii'i'nsi' S\'sli'in,"' ** Thi' IJi|uor l'ri>bli'in, Its Solulii>ii." " Tho \'oun^ M.-iii in C'h.iins," " l-'oot-Prinls on thi' Hr'i^ht Siili- of th." Ti'mpi'r;ini'i' Ki'tonn," *' Ooi's It Pa\- ? ' His spi'i'i-lu's, ami I'x- Irai'ls Irom tlu'in, ha\i' boi-n pubhshi'il in Ii'atU't. Ouct *'ls Ali'i>hol Kiiifj? h;>shadasali'of.'5,ooo. Ki'V. 1. H.lirawsays: "MajorSiott is an t'loqnonl ami I'anifsl spi'aki'r, anil lull ot niaj,'ni'tii- powt-r. " FRANCKS AHA OK 'IRAKI'" was born .it South forintli, X. v., Marih iH, 1H60. I li-r lathi-r. Si'ni'ia I'. Hi'm'l, born al Ihi- abi>vi' n.'tninl plai'r, anil hfr inothi-r, Lui'V l''.Chi'i'si'in.-in, born in llii' town of Ainsti'r'ilani, \. \'., ari' both of stronjf ti'mpi-ratu-i' prini'i- pli's. Shi* always possi'ssi'il a ilt'sii"i' tor knowli'il^i', anil vvav a rf^nl.'ir ;it- ti'ml.'inl al thi'publii' si'hools until about lii'r lylh yi-ar. In 1H7S sill' marrii'il John C. IV Oratr, of Amslfrilain, \. N'., wlu'r'i' ihi'N' I't'- siiU'. l'"our pri>mis- iii^ i-hiklri'n bli'ss tlii'ir honii'. In tlii' yi'ar I1SK5SIU' nnili'il with ihi' Putrh Ri'- foi'mi'il Churrli, .-mil sini'i' tli.'it tiini' h.'is boon a n a i' I i v i' Christian worker. Dnrinjf tho past ' Vi'ar she has .u'teil as Superintenilent of the Sunday School in her ehureh, and has been for some time a member and re^rular attendant of the Voiuiff Peoples Society of Christian Endeavor. A few years a),'o she joined the Independent Order of Good Templars, ami is now the Superintendent of Juvenile Temples in Monlffomery County. She h.is always had a deep interest in the Women's Christian Temperance L'nion. When it was first orffaiiized in Moiitffoniery Coimt\ she Wiis made the Superintendent of evanp'listic work. Later on she was elected Recordinjf Secretary of the county, and is now the President. In pi ess work she has taken an active part, and is still a corre- spondent for one of the city papt-rs. MRS. ,\. ,\I. HODI.K:. 'iCOTT in a native of I'irand Isle, V'erinonl. She is of French mid WVIsh descent. Delnvan, of Albany, New York, the ffrvM leniper- aiu'i' reformer, was a ilistanl relative. Her mother was one of the noted Phelps lamil',, of New Kn^^land, who hall* bei'ii eininent .'IS jurists on the Mi'iich ami Rar, •mil as statesmen. Like nianv other white ribboiu'rs, slii' was .1 school le.icher. .She bi'i'.'iiiie n mem- ber of the W. C. T. I', in i>*7,S. She has been Slate and N.'ition.'il t>rjfan- i/er, ami .'I mi'mber of the National W. C. T. V. Lecture Hure.'iu. With her husband, Major Scott, she has been assoi'i.'ili'd in .all his public temper.'ince work, which has been very exten- sive, as will be seen Irom the sketch herewith published. The press universalK' speak of her in ti-rins of w.irm praise, designat- ing; her as di^nitieil: winnin^f; possessin>; ;i clear, penetrating, musii-al voii'i' : wiltv ; lii'r .'ir^unii'iit I'ompacI, lo^ic.'il, ;ind liki' the chaise of ,1 jud^;e to a jury. .\t the l.oiijf Reach, Cal., Chantau- i|u;i .\ssenibl\- of 1^)5 slu' w.'is tlii' i»nly wotn.'tn lecturi'r chosen to spe.ik. Miss Frances V.. Willanl ffave this opinion, terse but com- pri'lii'iisive, in '*Thi' l'nion Signal": ".Major .'iml Mrs. Scott make a team hard to beat. " .She .ilso, uiiiip'cly and si>;nilicantly, intro- duced her at the recent R.iltimori' Convention of the Woman's Christi.in Temper.ince l'nion ,is "The .Majcr-Cieneral Scott." HON. HI':NRY W. RLAIR, of Manchester, N. H., ex-l'. S. Senator, is one of the best known Prohibition speakers, authors and lejfis';itors of the I'liiled Slates. He was born in Campion, N. H., Pec. 61 h, iSt4. His parents died while he was yoiiiiK, and he was left mainly on his own r I' s o u r I- e s . H i' I'.'irneil iiumey with which to pay his w.'iy at s c h o o 1 . Later on he studied law, and w is ad- initted to the Har in |S5<). Duriiif; the ffiv.it Civil War he served some time as .'in oHicer, anil w:is t w i c e s e v e r e 1 y wounded, anil so ilisabli'd ;is to be mustered out in consequence. He was elected a mem- ber of the N. H. H o u s e of Repre- sentatives in 1866, and of the Senate two years later. He w.is, later on, elected to the Nat. Congress, where he served for years anil took a prominent position, especially on hnances and other important reforms. In 1876 he introduced in Congress the movement providiiiff for Nat. Prohibition, and made a very able and elaborate speech al that time, which has been an important addition to Prohibition literature. It struck at the manu- facture and distribution anywhere throujfhout the nation, as well as the sale. His position was that the I'roliibition of the .sale by States merely is but a partial measure, and can never result in a complete success. A few years ajfo he published a jjreat book, "The 'Tem- perance Movement, or the Conflict of Man With Alcohol." 54 PROHIBITION LEADERS. VOLNKY B. ll'SMIMi wax bom in \Viiilrn>orl, M.-., Jan. ^1, 1H56. Ill- wax ctliuati'il I'hifHy in tlir i'otnnittn st-luntU ifl KanKor, Maine, in whii li lily In- allcr- wartU lt*arntHl ih«* li a I t ■■ r's I rail I- , working llirrf anil in Koxlon, Mais. KfniovinK l» l«wa, in 1H7H, III' pni M'.'U lilt' sillily kI llii'.il- o^\ ami priMi'lii'il .iiiion^ lilt* I'liilar* i.'iiis, aiul iHH'aiiu* a |nilili>- IriliiriT i>n ^;i'iiiTal lopii's with tiiiiili ai'i'i*|»laiii"i' 111 till" |H*»»|ili' ol si'\i*ral \\i'sifinSi.iii-s. Oi\ t-fluniin^ III .M.'iini' in iSS;; In- uilliilifw rmin llir ininislry, .mil has siiuf kivi'ii his rnliri' liiiif In ilu- liMiiiHTanrf rr- Ixrin, It'll mint; in ihi' I'nilt'il Slates ;iiul C'anaila, anil w inn in >; v v t* r y- whi'ii' ftinvtTtH 10 I III- 1' roll i hi I ion rail so. In 1HH8 h«* was the Prohibition i-niididatc for OoviTiior of Maiiif. and inailf a Ihrot' months' lain.iss of llit> Stalo. In iSijo hi' bfianif Ihf Prohibilion t'.iiuliilalt' toi tiiii^fri'ss in ihi' I niirlh Hisiritl. Kor scvi'ral yt'iirs hi* w.'is I'h.-iirin.'in iif llit' M.'iini' l*r.ihibilioii Stall" Cominitti't', .'iml iliil iniifli t'fft'i'ii\t' \vt>rk tor iht* i';iiisi', and In* is now ont- of ihf iiu'iiihi'is of tin' I'rohihilion Xalioiial Coiii- niittoo from Maiiii'. lit' is niarrii'il aiul tias out' I'liikl, a lx>y, who is nini- vi'ars of ajfi-. Mr. I'lishin^f is still 11)1011 llii' tt-ni- pt'raiut' rt'forni plalform, and is oiii' of llu' iiiosi wiiK'ly known of all Prohibition .iilvofati's. REV. C. W. TA.VEYHILl,, A. »., pastor of Broadway M. E. Chiirih, Toledo, Ohio, w.is born Marth 2^, 1S42, iil Lewisburff, I'a.: movi'd to Ohio in iH^S.biil relurni'd to W'illianisporl, I'a., and Kr.itlualt'd in iS(iS :il Pitkin- son St'min.'iry. lie {oiiit'd Ihf Ct'iilral C^hio .\iiiiii.-i] C'on- li'ifnci' of tilt' M. K. t'luirih till' same \'t'ar. Ill' has been idi'milit'tl with re- lorni niovfini-nts all liis public life. He spent two years in Tennessee ,'is Pres, o( Tiirdy C'ollfffe .'ind as pastor in .Memphis. He has been a stalwart Prohibitionist for eiffhteen years, never fjivinn an iin- I'ertain sound on Ihis siibjeel. His .iddress on "Ooli- .ith of the Still, and David of the Sheei> fold," portrays these |H'rsoiia^es in the facts of the present combined with the incidents of the (Kist. This Goliath is proud, contemptuous, defiant, immense propor- tions, never been conquered. Oavid, humble, IrusliiiK in the Lord of Israel, uses, for the overthrow of his foe, a smooth stone from the brook. Votes were formerly ffiven by c;islin(r a (K-bble. The ad- dress, coveriiiff the rise, jfrowlh, and ultimate conquest of the Priv hibition sentiment, as in analo^^y of the birth, life, scenes, death and resurrection i>f Jesus Christ, is a lo);ical discourse, bristlinj; with facts of dominant parties, double dealing-, recreant church members, and various movements of political parties to destroy Prohibition. The climax represents the dram-shop closed, and the Church, from Bishops to class-leaders, acknowledging- Christ enthroned. MRS. M. M. WEEKS, of I.ain>(shiirK, Mich., State Lrclurrr of the JiiM'iiilc Pip.iniiii'iil of \V. I'. T. r., was born near Syrii- i use, \. v., the daiiKliler of I yreno Cook and llepsa l''ol){er, a Quaker- ess of K n K I ■ * li sloe k. She was t'tluialetl at Kalley St'ininary, aiitl niar- rii'il I o C li a I- 1 e s \V .- .' U s, I h e y iiioM'd In .Mirlii)(an in Iht' Hflit's. She li.is lon^ l.-ikeii a tort'iiiosi posiiion in ilMirth .iiiil it'form vMirk, aiul is widely hnown as " T h e Cliililren s I.ecliirer :iiid Ih.-ilk Talker. " In 1HS5, while lead- ing; in llaiid of llii|M> work, she dt-si^neil .'iiiii paiiilt'tl a lar^^e .iiul sirikiri){ alle- ^orii-;il p i I- 1 II re , " Till' Twii Piilhs," 10 feet square, w h i c h, w i t h her lieaiilifiil woril pic- lures and unique nii'lhotls of leaching, has niatle her famous in many Slates she li.is visited, .inil where her influences for good has lu'en fell. In i.'iS; she was elected Sl.ile Siipl. of llie Juvenile Oept. of the Miili. \V. C. T. I'., .itul in conneclion with Ihe duties ofth.'il iHisiiion she li.is re.icht'tl aiul iiiMueiucs ;i great host of ehiltlren and.'tdiills. .\l tiiiu's slu' has biiiltletl betU'r Ih.'iii she knew, having caught the spirit of the watchword of lo-d.iy, "forma- tion,' not reforinalion. In impressing great lenipcraiiie truths u|itiii the pl;isiic n;iture of \-oulh the results c.-in but be as far- reaching iis eiernilv itself. She has p.iinted sever.il beautiful and instructive picture lectures which li.ive become popular. She is an artist and a |Hiel of abilily and skill, aiul a hearl-winning s|H'aker, l>. L. PO.N'n, editor .-ind publisher of "The .News," Inm.in, Neb., ,-ind one ol the stalwarts of the Prohihilion movcnienl in that Stale, w.is born at Jewett, Cireeii Co. par. N. V. His were ol New- Kngland slock, aiul cai l\- si'lllers of I Ii e pict u resque C.'ilkskill Mountain i-egioii, on the lliul- son KiviT. He was lliree years in his i-ounlry"s service in Ihe I'nioii army dur- ing the great Civil War. He returnetl .11 ils I'lose .'irui w-.'is marrieiitii I'-li/abeth .Morse. Tlu'V re- sitleil some years in their native State, aiul in iSKo became ii'siilciils of Neb. 1 It' then spent some yea rsas a colporteur for the Presbyterian Hoaril of Publica- tion, becoming in- timately acquainted with the people. He has been interested in a sliH'k ranch in Holt County, and has for ^o ye.irs published the "Innmn News, " a thoroughly outspoken .idvocale of the Prohibi- tion movement. His politic.il creed has been thus ileliiied : "Re- cognizingthree liquor parties, fatally wrong 011 vital questions, we need a new party thai will repeal bad laws and eii.ict good laws, prohibit all that is bad .iiid encourage all that is good. All news and transportation facilities of general utility should be owned and operated by the tleneral Cioveriiment, with enlisted men, in Ihe in- terests of the people. Buy .iiul sell gold and silver by weight, treat them as merchandise and divorce tliem from money. Issue legal tender treasury notes, based on the combined wealth of the nation." I'ROHnUTION I-KADKRS. ss JKKVII.K t;,\VlA>KH KVANS, l>.n., I.I..I)., I'ro-ulnii of lli-ildiiiK C'nll«'K«'. AliiiiKiliin, III., whh hi>rn in .Miii-.li.ill iD., III., I>,T. i<(, iMi.i. lit- iittciulfd I'roriii WfNiry.iii Sfiiiin- ary, jmlNon Col- lide .'Hill lilt' 0\lll^ \\'rsli*y;iti I'niviTs- il\', .'iiul iMilrii'il ihr .\t. K. iniiilstry in 1H54. Ill' IVll-ivi'll his M. .\. Iroin ^iiiiuy i.'iilltxi' in iSyo. iiis U.I). I'liini I'liatlilork I'lilli'jfi' in 1HH4, iiiiil h i s I.I,. P. Ii.ini I hi- I'hir.iKi' t.'>fi' >'t SiiiMiii- in iMH<). Ill' has siTvril Ivvi'nty- llirrr years as pas- tor, si'vrn yt'.'irs as Si'i-ri'l .'I ry of li is t'onfrrrnri' ( Illinois i'l'nlr.ill.aiKl l\vt'l\f yi'.ii"s .IS Pfi'siilrnt of lli'iliiinx^ ollt'>;i'; Has ilfli-^f.ilr to till- (.'•'nlrnni.ii t'onfiM-- iMU'i" of .Mi'llioilisin, atui si'M'ral linu's to tlii'l'n'nrral t'onfi-r- tMUf. .\l first a Friv Soili'r in poiitiis, tlu'ii .i Ki'piililii;in, lu' lif- i-anu- a Party rrohibilionisi in iSKo, and li.is siiui- hi'i-n a most entliiisiaslii- ami rHiiii-nt supporti'r on tin- platform, in poliliiiil oonviMitions, and hy his powiM-fiil pi'ii. Ilo w.is Cli.iirmaii of tin- Illinois Stati- Con. in iHMS, .ind .ilso of tiu' Stall' IVl. to tlii' N'.it. ton. Ill' W.IS di'li'jfali' also in iSi)j to Ihi' Nalion.il ; w.is .1 nii'in- hi'rof till' N'.it. l.rn. t'oni. Iioiii iK.SS to iHi)j. In iSi,.) lu- w.is tlii' i-andidali' for I'. S. Si'ii.itor of tin' I'loliiliition Tarty of Illinois. His books, "Tlir Uoinan IJiu'stion," " Thi' Liii'iiso Systom, " " Tho I.iijnor TralVir Indirti'd,' " Tlii' C'hristi.in Citi/on," " I'li-as for I.ii'iMiso," " I'ulpit .md I'olitiis," an- rlassiis in our ri'foriii. ■ 'laJMBT .MKS. t II.VRlAVrrK S. W IN\ IIKI.I., of Miiiiifa|Ki||r. Min- iiOKOtn, » well-known oiJucator and liMnp«'r«nrr workiT anil ■ rilor, was horn in Hur- Iiiiil on Co., V'l. , May JH. iH,»6. a ilaii^htrr of .Xlonio I mil's iitiil I'ainai'O \'aii)(h.'in. Slir waw I'lliiratrd in thi'piib- lii- srhools of .Miih- i^an. .-ind j^r.'iiltiati'd (roiii Alhion I'olli'jfo ill iSsd. Shi' was an instriii'tor at that I'olli'^fi', and afti'r- w a rds pri'i-i'ptri'ss ill till' piihlir si'liools of Si . e'lair. In iH(>4 sill* was niar- rii'd to I'rof N. II. W'ini-hi'll, now Stair Cii'olo);ist, and of till' I'-iivrrsit y of .Miiinrsot.'i. Thi'y linvc a family of two sons and Ihri'i' dauKhlfrs, all ri'sid- iii^ at .Minni-apolis. Shi' is ;i mi'inbrr of Ihi' .Mi'thodist Kpis- lopal Chiirrh, and u lift' mt'mbi'r of thf \V. F. M. S. in roniu'i tion with that rliiirrh. Shr is in fall sympathy with till' I'rohihilion I'.irty, ihoiijfli for twenty Vfars n Ki'piihliian. Shi' has hi'i'ii \i'rv ai'tivt'ly iiiti'ri'sli'il in \\ . C". '!'. I', work for in.'inv vi'ars. Wlii'n .i ^firl slu' imbihi'd strong' ti'mpi'r.'iiui' priiiiiplt's from "Tlu' \'oiitlis' 'rt'nipi'r;iiu'i' llamiiT.' In 1H50 slii' or>;ani/t'd .'i Tei'- lolal Soiii'ty for Yonnj; IVopli', sonu' of w host' nii'tnbt'rs havf sinii" hi'i'ii inlliii'iitial ti'inpi'iaiui" worki'rsin Miihi^an. Wlion iHyi'arsold shr was an olliii'r in tlii' Ciood Ti-mplars, and stron^fly nr^i'd "li'fjal suasion, "in addition to t hi' ordinary pli'dn»',thoiij;h without sui'i'ess. She has Ih-i'ii a promint'iit lontrilnitor to llii' W. C. 1". I', pfriodioals, andn Ki'p. from .Miniu'sot.i to tin- World s Con. at London in 1895. MARY .\. \VOlinHKIIH;K was born in iS.io, in tlu' old town of N'.intmki't. llfr ),'i'ntli' yiiaki'r inothor was a sisti-r ol .\Iilrlu-ll,tlii'.istron- oiiit'r, whosf only il.iiiKlitt'r, Mari.i, bi'fanif ' o fanii»u'i. llt'T* fathi'r, Isa.'if Ih'.'i\'toii, w.'is a si'.'i r4, ihi'ir's w.'is an iili'.'il homi'. W'hi'ii I In' L'rusadi' swi'pt lu'r Si.iti' it W.IS to hi'i .IS ,1 lall from Cnul to iii'w ilutii's. For fivi' yi'.irs slu- was Pri'siili'iit 11 f till' l>liio \V. C. T. I'., lt'.-ulin>c in tlu' fanu>us anu'iulmi'iit rami>.'iijjii, .'iiiii I'dit- iiiff " *l*hi' Ameiul- Tiu'iit lli'rald." In 1K77 slu- was I'loi'- tt'd .\ssistant Rf- rordiiift St'i'ri't.iry of till- .N'.it. W. C. T. I'., and in 1S7S Ri'iordinff Sfirt'tary. In iSKijshi- was appointed .Anu-rir.i's Si'irotary for Ihi- Worlds W. C. T. C; in iH<)i I'li-itod World's Si'iri-tarv, and in |S<|,? was made Corii'spondinjf Soori'tary of .lit" National, thus for eli'Vi'ii months holding a throi'-fold position of responsibility. Al the zenith of her powers she departed ; dep.irted without .1 warning — at her desk one day, .md the next stricken with death. .She wielded a foreelul pen. and w.is a slron^f, loffie.il .iiul inspir- ing speaker, while her exeeutive ability was of the lii){liost order. Her bio^rraphy is rieh with instiuetion and inspiration to all reformers. -rnSBST" ^^flwK^Pr ^HH^ i 1 I,. B. SIIA'KR, of Cleveland, was born at Salem, Ohio, Oet. ib, 1HJ7. His p.'ireiits' ii.imes were William and Esther Sil- ver, members of the .Methodist Chiireh. When a youth he was immersed .iiul united with the Hap- tist Chureli, .ind subsi'qnent ly be- e.'imi' oni' ^^t' its di'a- eons. Hut, .ifter notiii); the position I he m.'ijority of t'liristi.'ins took on eleetion tlay in rV'- ^.'iril to pri>hibitinjf the drink traffie, he invest i^-ated the Bible in rejfiird to inlemperanee, .ind reaehinjj thi' eon- elusion Ih.'it it fa- vored intemper- anee, he withdrew from all Chureh fel- lowship. Mr. Silver joiiud (he S. of T. in 1849. In October, 1H71, he was elect- ed G. \V. P. of the Grand Division, S. of T., of Ohio, also Chairman of the Si.ite Kxeculive Com., which position he held until Oct., 1H7J, when he became P. G. W. P., a member of the Xat. Div. , S. of T. of Xorth .\merica. .\t the State Tern. Alliance in Columbus, O., iHhH, as a member of the Com. on Political Action, he presented <'i resolution in favor of .1 distinct political party, based on Prohibition. He was one of the sifjnersof the call for the Chicajfo Convention, where the National Prohibition Party was crjjanized in September, i86<). For the first two years .ifter Its o'-g-anization Mr. Silver was Chairman of the .Slate Coniniiltee of the Ohio Prohibition Party. He was on the State ticket twice, .'md w,is once nominated for Congress, s« PROHIBITION LEADERS. ' i . KEV. [OIIN RISSKL. the first raiulklalo of tho IVohihilion Party !or \'iiv-Pri's. ot" tin* I'nitiHl Stall's, was born in l.ivin^stiMi Co., N. N'.. Sopl. JO, iSjj, i»l rinitai) AoKvW In iSjS till' faniity rrnuut'il to Mulligan, wlu'iv John aKoiulfil ilis- iiiit sriioitl, aiul I luprovt'il hinisfll In piivatt' riMiiin^; tnit stmly. In i^.\,\ III' V ii t o ri'il 1 h f Mi'thtuhst nhnislry m Iht' IVlrt»it C\»n- UiiMK-f, miupy'n^ L;notl appoinliMi'iils MMil lilhiiL;- lht< Ih-i'- ^iilini; I'.KK'i s i^tliir r I n h I \ I'a IS , aiiil hi'iu).^ i"li*rU'il t \vi«»' as iU'h*j;ati' to tho (it'iu'ra I L'ltii t'lT- iMUi'. Ml* was also a ih*li'>;ati' of tlu' PiMroil C't>nti'H'mf to Iht,' s»Ti.>iul Kiii- nuMiii'al Conlfii'mi' i>( tlu- Mfllu>ilisl Chnri'li in i 8(i i • As a 1 oinprraiu'f advofalf anvl l*ro- hihitionist hr lias loii^Jht'on wril and wiiU'lv known, l-'oroij^hi \»,'ais ho w;is T»Mnp. A^fiMil ot'liis Contt'ivnri'; lor t wi'lvr \ t'ais hrail ol thi* (1. T. olMiih.; hir l wi>yoars lu'ail ol" tin' ii. T. ol Ihi' World, and lor two years R. \V. CV. L. Lrrtiiri'i' ; has U'lluifd i-xtensivi'lv through- out till' I'niti'il Stati's anil C'anail.i; also in (iii'at Rritain and I''ranri*, Hi* is ralli'd the '* Kathi-r ol llu' rrohihition Tarty' hi'i-.iusi- hi' pub- lished "The Peninsular lleralil' in \>>(fj, whieh first ailvivaleil a separate politiial party, aiul ht'iausi- he was iiistrnnientai in or^an- izin^; the inei'tinj^^ of Prohibitionists in Pelniit in iS()7, at whieh llu* new paiiy s or^ani/at ii>n in Mieh. was born ; was teinporar\ C haii- nuin oi' the Convi-ntion lliat t'ounded the National Pn»hibit'n i\irt \ . MRS. R. K. MiPOWKLL. P. Holmes County, O., Jan. jy, iS^^. I. S. |. T., i^hio, was bi>rn in Met" lather, llansol Kenell, was a nalivi" of \'ir- i^inia. beloniji'eil ti> the old Whij;- Party, anil was a stauiuh Abolitionist, ami a nii'inher of (he M. !•:. C'hureh. Her in i> t her, Sa r a h Ruble, was born in Siubenville. O., and was a member ol ihe Quaker t'hureh. Mrs. Me Dowel Is early liti' was spi-nl on the tarm. Her >- d n e a t i o n w a s mostly aequired at the ilistriet seliiH>l, exeept a few months s|it'iit ;it SprinjiC Moimlain Aeailemv, in C'oshoeton C"o., O. I*"rimi ehildhood up she has always been a strong; ailvo- eate of lempi'ranee. She was married in iS()j to Henry O. MiPowell, a younjj;^ lawyer, of' Millrrs- btirjf, O., who died in 1SS4, and has three ehildren, all ot whom are married. She lias been an aelive worker in the liooil Tem- plar Order lor thirteen years ; held almost every ofliee in the Sub- ordinate Lodj^e. She helped to orijanize Histriel I-od^e No. 4; was the First \iee Templar o\' that Kotl^e, and at present is the Dislriet l-e-turer; was eleeted to the oHiee ofil. .S. J. T. in i.S<)i ; re-eleeled in 180,^ and 181)4, '"'^^ '••'^'^ devoted the past three years to teaehinH: the youth o( Ohio to vote lor prohibition of the liipior traffic. She is a member of the Women's Christian Temperanee Union, and has held various ofTiees in thai Society, and is an active worker in the M. K. Church. MRS. KI.IZA J. THOMPSON, the "Mother Thompson ■ of the White Ribboneis aroinul the world, is also kiunvn as the "i"ni- s.ide Motlu-r, ' She is of \'ir>;ini;in an- li'sirv, the only ilau^lili'r oi' a Ciov- einor ot' 0\\\o, and wile oi a ilistin- j^iiislu'il jud^e, ami when 1 111* t rusaile tin's broke out in 1 1 illsboro, l^hio, IVe. j.^ 187,^. the w o 111 e n o f that town turneil to her i n s t i lie t i \i'l \ a s leailer. She was surrt>uuded in her ea I I ii'si \ I'ais by Christian influenees whose voices were n e v er forgot ten I hrotij^'h the lon^ life now well past the threescore and ten ol s.aereii writ. As ilaui^hter, wile, nii>l he r , >•■ ra n il - mother, si-rkinj; no ^reat thin^^s in life. Mother Thompson was prepareil by the j^reatMA'aiier*hiniself as'a'le.ider^ for a supreme hour. It came abi»in that beiu^ kept away^from Pio Lewis' nu'etiny; on that his- toric nij^ht, by home cares, this faithful mother was all iniprepared for Ihe call that I'anu* to her from that )4:ii*al ^alhel■ill^:. She was "not disohedienl unto the lu'avenly visiiin," but aruieil wilh the Crusade Rible, ami in the snvn>,^lh oi' Ihe C'rusaile Psalm, slu' went forth, not knowinj;' whither. !tul the \AMi\ oi' Hosts ^uiiled her footsteps, and Cii)i,l thi-ri' laiil the totimlation oi' ibe Wi>man's CInislian 'Tcinpi'rance Cniou. .Mother 'Thompson continues with us unto this ilav, while from ;dl over the bro.iii earth couulli'ss child- ren, born i>f her into llus y;re.'il reform, riso up to call her hlesscil. RKV. ClIARKKS II. PAVNK, D.H. known Secretary of the Roanl o\' luhicalion . I.L.IX. the well- i>f Ihe M. K. Church (I'uiled States), is a well-known educa- tor, tninislt-r, author and mor.'il and so- cial reformer. Me is a nalivc of 'Taun- ton, .Massachusetts. Hisfalherdied while he was a nu're child, .iiiil he was thus left \o work up his own way in the world. lie was a teacher for some years, and .'iltiMwaiils jLTrailu- ati'il from the Wes- li'vau I'liiversitv of MiiUllcton, C'oiui., ami afterwarilslook a t h e o ! o j^ i c a 1 lourse. I II" entereil ihe minislry oi' the M. I*'. C'hurch in 1857, ami w.is mar- rii'd the same year. l''oi' \ears he was veiy successful as a preaiiicr and pas- tor, and filled some oi' ibe most import- ant and leadin^f positions in the Church. He was always hi ; own evanjfelist, and Ihousaiuls hwe been coriverlfd llin>u);li his i istru- mentality. He became President i>f ihei^hio Weslevan Cniversity in 1H76, and filled that position with >;^reat ability and success for 12 years. Durinj; that time the number of studonts increased from ^2;\ to nearly a thousand. .\ lar>fe nmnb»*r of the younj; men were converted tluic during his person.dly conducted revival services. In 18HH he was elected by the Cleneral Conference to Ihe important position of Secretary of Kducation, which ho ni>w tills. He is also a well-known author. His " duides and Ctnards in C'haracter Building" has been a >;freat blessings to many yoim^ men. PROHIHITION LEADERS. 57 HART A. iMASSKV has hci-ii Irom i-aily iii.iiiIuuhI .111 .nlviv lali- 111' IfinpiMaiui-. Ili- li.iil a liili lirrila^fi' nl' li'ii'iH-iami' prin iP Iho woll- l. Chiiri'li all's), is a I'diK'a- aiilhor irul so- lllT. Ho of Taini- .'llllsi'lls. lii'il wliilo c'liiia, slims loll lis viwii worlil. loai'luM' ■ars, ami irrailu- llio Wos- ■or'sity of I'oiin,, irilsiook o K' i a I nlorod V 111' tin- uri"h ill lis iiiai- if yoar. Ill- was Till as a ill! pas- •ll SOIIU' inipi>rt- hi I own s i islrii- /islty ss for ii'ii from I'll woro orvioos. porlaiil ' is also aiaclor IViiin li i s lallu'i, Daiiii'l Mas- soy, of N'ortliiinihor- laiul til. , «lu>, .-IS ;i lai">;o onipUn'or of iiu'ii ill his hinihor- illy oporalioMs,sOiiii latiu' l»> ri'ali/o iho oiutrin .1 \ i\\ I ho iliiiiU o\iI anil !>»'- oaiiio a lol.il .1 li- st a i nor in 1 H_i4, lioliliii),' lompoiam o rnoi't iii.i;*s in his iH\ n liou'-v', anil ho- i oiiiiii^' an a i' I i vo woiKor in iho Wash- ing I iiii ia II M ovo- nii'iil. 1 II I ti o s o ilaxs \\liisko\' llow- oil liki' w.'ilor, anil Ml. Daiiiol Massoy took a ill' I' ill I'll slaiiil aLT.-iinst ilu' iin.M'i'sal ihinkiili; ousioins, wlii'ii to taki' :i slam) ri'- ipiiroil ooiira^o, anil ol'lon I'loanl saori- lii'o. Mart A., his only surviving son, was horn -Vprii Ji)lh, iSj^^. W'lu'ii \oiin^ hi' joini'il his fathi'r in olVorts to pronioto tomporanoo, ami was .-issooii'itoil with main" omplovoi's in iliioshim; ami himhor- inj;', hut wotilil not .-illi>\v Ihi' uso of Iii|iii>r ;inion^ tlu' iiion. In 1S51 Mr. II. A. M.assov roinovi'il with his fariiil\- to \i'Wo;istlt', Mnt., whoro ho w.is ooniiooloil with tho S. of J"., ami with iho 1. O. li. T. .\s Jiistii'o o{ till' I'o.'ioo for nianv \o;'.rs hi' took sliom^ ^roiimi in favi>r of Ii'inpi'rani'o, ami in his olfioi.-il roports .allirtni'il that Iho provalont i riino w.is ilirootly oaiisoil hy tho lii|iior (lallio. Mr. M.'issoy, tho snhjoot o\' I his ski'loh, oonliiuii's .-in arilonl frionil i>f toinporanoo ,'iml 1 rohihition, I'ontrihiitiii^ to tho fiinils of tlii' o.-insi', lakinx pint in its piiblio moolinfrs, ami volinff in its bohalf. KKV. AI.KRKI) S.MITll, H. D., was horn in Kont Counlv, ••• '■■'■ ■" ■"-• '-■■ - '■ "'Mliani ami Maixar'ol Sniii h. Ho w a s oil III". "It I'll .'it till' piihlio sohools o\' iiis n.ilivo Stalo, tho Marylaml Slato \orni;tl Sohool, anil Dri'w Tlioolo^ioal Si'inin.'iry. llo hi'- o.'inii' ;i nii'inhor o( Iho M. K. Chirih .It 17. \\v was if- oi'i\-i'il into I h o WilminLjton I'onfoi- I'lii'i' .'is .a proaohor in i.'-'ji). ill' W.IS junior pro.'U'hi'r jtt noiohosii'r tor Iwo \i';irs, .'iiiit tilloil tho p.'istoi'ati* i>i I'^xforil lour yo;irs ; t'ain- hriili^i- four, .anil M iilil li'l own Olio yo.-ir; in I'ai'li I'.asi' with ^ri'.'it siii'i'oss, whoii ho was ,ip- poinloil, in iHi}\, I'rosiiliii^ Klilor of I'^aston nisiiiot, a position whiili ho still holils. Ho W.IS oloctod to tho C'lonoral t'onforonoo in iSijj. \\c has !)oon .1 nioiii- hor of tho Prohibition Parly sinoo 1SH4, ,inil was lliairnian of Iho First Con^rrossion.al Oislriot of Marylaml in tSS,S. Sinoo ospous- in)f thooauso in 1SS4 ho h.is boon in tlio pulpil, 011 tho platform, anil throiiffh tho pross, a most consislonl ailvoo.ilo of Prohibition with .1 party holii-iil it. His sorviios h.ivo boon in jfioat iloni.iml for loo- luros iindor tho auspioos of tho \V. C T. l'., (or soi imms on tom- poranoo days at oamp mootinifs, j-iul for spooohos in politioal nioot- itiffs. Hi- is an aooomplishod spoakor, wholhor in tho pulpit or 011 tho platform, and aims at praotioal rosulls. \\f marriod, in i,S,S,i, jaiiio M. Bratt, and to tlioin have boon born four sons and 0110 daujflitor. Dolaw.iro, July jS, i.S^j, boinjf tho son of W JAMKS SMITH RUHKKTSON, of Toronto, Out., a woll- known lomporanio woikor .inil joiitnalist, was born in loronto, April (>, i«5.v tho son of John \\". ;iml .M.iry Kobortson. llo roooivod .1 lib- or.al i'iliii-;it ii>n in till' piiblii- si'hools oi his n.ilivo oity, of whii'li ho h.'is bi'on lU'arly .alt his lifo- tiino a ri'siili'Mt. Hi' i s a III o in bo r o f tho I'rosbylori.in I'hiiroh, and polili- o.illy in sympathy with till' l.ihoia! I'aiti. \\f h.is boon noaily all Lis lifo tiiiio III tho r.'inks oi I h 1' I ompora noi' worki'rs. In I'.arly bo\ hoiiil hi' bi'O.amo ;i nioiiibi-r oi I hi' liooilTonipl;irs,;iml has ovi'r sini'o wi'll maintaini'il bis .alli'- ^i.-inoo 10 Iho I'ausi* and l>iiloi, oooupy- iiiy; v.'irious import- ant positions in its ranks. [Ic w.is for somo yo.irs a rosidoni ;ind businoss man in Whitby, and during; ihal tiiiio iho Piinkin Aot .iiiil Soolt Ait oam- pai^fiis woro o.iriiod on in Onl.irio l.'ounly, in both ol whioh ho lotik .1 proniinonl and olVootivo p.irt. llo w.is ono of tho ori>;iiialors oi tho C'.aii.aili.'in Ti'iiipi'i'.'ini'o l,i':ii;ui', .a vi'i\v ofloi'livi' .■mil suo- oi'ssfiil oix.iiiiz.ilioii, .and i:.is boon its PtosiilonI for Iho past Ibroo yoars. It owos imioh of its - uoooss to his oflorls. As a journ.ilist, iio has dono jfood work for tho laiiso. \li- w.is for a tiiiio I'llitor of tho "C'anad.i Citi/on, " a woll-known tompor.iiuo joiirii.il, ;iml h.is boon a hoi|iiont oontrihiilor to othors of ils olass. llo is now oilitor of " Husiiioss, " a now olass journal, anil C'.madi.in lor- rospondont to sovoral loadin)f .\morioaii I rado journals. HKRHKKT l.icke^Y SHKRMAN, w.is born in ColliiiKWood, l^iion. C'o., N. ^'., iif I'ai^lish-Spanish ilosoont, boinj; a ilistant ro i a I i V I' oi t hi* famous W. T. Slior- man. His I'alhor ilii'il NN'hi'n ho w.'is an infant, anil his I'arly lifo was somo- wh.'it ohi'i'kori'il. Hi' .atli'iiiloil si>mo ^ooil sohools, anil l.'itor wi'nt to livi' w i I h a woall by I'ousin in Tiliis\illo, P.I., whoro bo .il- toiulod tho Hij;h Sohool. In i.S;4 ho and his molhor 11 - movod to I'lori) , .\'. Y., his prosoi t homo, and horo tl o 1\ poor, iinprovoi'. \\c boiamo intoi- ostoil i n rt'li^^ii>i s m.ittors and joinoil I h o P r o I o s t a n t Motliodisi t'hiiroh and tho ^". P. S. t,'. 1*^ In Juno. iSi)5, ho W.IS olootoil Sooy. of tho rionosoo Inion of {.'. V,. \\c boo.imo ;i oh.irtor momborof.in I. O. ll. T. loil|,;i', and in .Vujjust, iHi)^, ho was olootod a roprosontativo to tho (Ir.ind l.od);o :it Kingston, and in .Vufjust, iSijs, roprosoiitoil Ihau. (.'o. l-od^jo at HiitValo. \\r is a motnbor of tho .\moriian Potootivo Anoiioy, .mil was for a tinio assooiali' oilitor of oiii' of tho oomity papi'rs. To-il;iy hi* ooiaipios Iho hifjhosi ollii'o of Tomplai) in tho oouiily, boitij,' ih,. youn^ost (."ounty I'hiof Tomplar in Iho Stalo. Ho is a oominissionod looluror o\' tho Now N'ork Ctr.anil l,oil>fo. Although \-oun^ in \oars ho is ii'oojfiiizoil .IS an oloipiont spoakor, and oiio of tho most intliionlial Prohibitionists and tomporanoo advooatos in Wosterii Now York. 58 PROHIBITION LEADERS. FRANK J. SIHI.KV. oi Atlanla, Ha., is wvll known throu^fh- oiit AnitMita as ouv o\' llu* nu»si impiilar spcikfrs ami or^atiizfis in llu* (huuI rt'iiiplar ranks. lU- was horn in Ktwalton, N. V., Au^. 1 1, i>*47. aiul spt'nl (111' t'arlior years of liis liio in ins nativi" Stati*. I \c h.'is l>i'»'n prttniim-nl- Iv iiKMilitit'il with tlu' (1. T. l^rdi-r for llu- pas! j^ yrars. lit* was a nuMhhor n(" 111** Roard ot Man- aj^i'rs o\' llu* (iraiul LiHitit' ot \i'W York Ironi iSji to iJ^75. I loin iSS-» lo 1SS5 In- was tf. C T. of Nfbraska, dfvotinj; liinisolf lo tlu- pro- motion i>f tlu" work 111 tlial Slato. Sim-i* iSin In- has hoi-n IV. <'. \\ M Iho (iranil l.otli;t' ol i"ii'orjj;^ia. I lo h.is ht'on a popu- l.ir aiul siK'i't'sslul plaltorin orator, arul ;is sinh his st'rvirt's liavi' hoiMt in ilo- niand all over the Sialics and Canada. In thai i-ap;u'ity ho has travollod vtMy oxtonsivoly, niado ovor two tliousami loniponinro aiidrossos, aiul oryani/ril hiiiulrods of (.1. '!". Lotl^os and l*rohibi- tiiMi 4."hil>s. I If \>. nott'il for his ohH|uiMK'o, oarnostnoss, ori^^inality, and sound and I'onvinrinj^ Ki^ir. His hook, "Tlu' liotni Tt'inpl.'ir at Work, " has boon a statidaril Wi>rk In llu* l^rdor i'or voars. Hi' is a luoinbi'r t>f tlio rri>hibition Parlv ; w.is Soiit'lary i»f tho Slati' Conlral Coniiniltoo in N. \'. in 1S77, o\' Kansas in iSSo, and orj^-an- izod tho Party in Nobraska in 1SS4, was Slato 4.)r^ani/iT in llli- iiiiis in iSSS, anil is now a inoinbor o\' tlio N.itional Conimilloi- from C'li'orj^ia, also of thr I'-Xinntivo Connnittoo. UKV. SAMl'KI. W. HACOTK, H.P., pastor of iho First I'ohiri'd M.'iplisi C'lunvh, KansasC'ity. Mo., was born at Sorii'ty Mill, S. C. o\\ Koli. 1st, iSWi. Ill- was fdu- caloil at Hrndoi'l CollrKf,S.C..Sbaw I'niviTsily, \. C, a n (.1 K i v Ir in o n il Th*'olo>;ii'al Sonnn- ar\ , \'a. Ilo is a nu'inh'-r o\' {]\v Mis- sii>nary H apt i s t Cbnrih, Sofict v Hill, S. C, and oi Iht' I' rob i hi t i o n Parly; has bfon St'iri'tary *>f I bo South C a roll n a Ti'inporaiu'i* I'nion for a yoar, 1SH5 ; was Prrsidont o\' Marion, Ala., Bap- tist t'ol. Propara- lory Srhool, ami past or of I 111' Sofonil Rapt isl Churoh iSi>.' 1)5. Was unan- inuMisly rloi'li'd to iho pastorale of Iho I'irst Col. Mapl. C hun h. Kansas Cit\, Mo. Fob., iHt)5. Wo was a nuMnbor of the .Advisory Couiuil of the World's Parli.iinrnt of Ri'lij;ii>ns. 181)5. Ho has done nuuh I'lVeitual plat- form work for lomperani-e ami Prohibition, espeiially in Si>uth C'anWina, and is witlely and favorably known throujj^houl the South as an api^stle of leiiiperaiue, having met and eo'tpiered bittiT opposition in some of his publie .iiUhesses. .Aiiionj^ his best platform eiforts .ire : *' The JClVeels ot AUohol on the Human System. "The \'alue i>f Teniperanee, ' "Who are We?" and " riu" Kvils of Intemperanee." As pastor ot one of the larj^est ehurelies in the wost, he wieltls, as an outspoken advoe.'.te of Pro- hibitii>n, a witle am! benetieeiit inllui'iiee in our reform. I JOSHl'A KK\'KKINti was born in Haltimore, Sept. 1 ->, 1843. In iH6() he became a partner wilb bis father in the eolTee imporliii}^ business ( K. I.ever- iny; ^: Co. ), and his father ilyini^ in 1S70, the busiiu'ss is still earrieil on by the sons. In I S70 he w.is marrieii lo Mar- llia W., daughter of C'liailes M. Keyser. r hey have f o u r liautjhlersanil three sons. In iSSS Mrs. I.*'verinj; tlieil, and in |S()2 Mr, Liver- in^ marrieii Mar- j^.'irel, the sister of his Mrst wife. Mr. Levering was eon- verted in the year 1S57, and joinetl the S!'\ t'nl h Rapt isl Chureli in Halti- nuMo, a?ul ill 1H71 beeame a ooiistit- ueiit inembei' of the ICutaw Plaie Map list C'luireli, and the Supi-rintemlen t o f its Suiulay Seliool in iiSHi , wliieh posit it>n he still holds. He is one of llie i ri^inators and an otlieer of llie Ameriean Haptist Kdueation Society, also \'iee- President for several years of the Anieriean Haplist Publieation Soeietv. He has oeeupied many prominent positions in the eilueational work of his Chureli, and been President of the Vouiij^ Men's Cliiistian Association o( his city since 1K85. Orij^inally an Independent Oemocrat, he became a Prohibitionist in 1SH4, and voleil for St. John that year. He was President of the Slate Prohibition Coiii- miltee in 1892 and 1K93, and dele^:ale to the Nat. Con. of 1888 and iHgj; has been Vice-Cliairm.in of Ihc Slate Kxecu. Com. foryears. He ran for Stale Controller in 1H91, receiviit(f 5i443 voles. AN'DUKW H. IIICKI.VS, "TheSankeyof born in Lexington, Mich., Jan. 4, i84(>. He re liibilion," was re I a common 1^ lioi>l I'duea lion, and , ha vin>>; liad musical a n t e ced- ents, was a mem- ber of the village choir ;it 10 \ears of a^e. I II' ilevelopeil his talent in this line, atul became a teacher of sinicinj^^ ami baiiil leader, and atler removing; in i8(><) U> Nebraska ^.'ilv, \*'b., lontiii- ueil the latter work, leailinj; one band for ten \ I'ars. Thisbaiul bei'ami* somewhat famous, and was in ji;ri'at ileinanil ;i t Slate F a i r s a 11 d other ^reat ilemon- s| rations. I le was a stronj;^ Kcpublican until 1884, when he joiiifd the i'rohibi- t i o 11 Parly. His p o p n I .'I r i I y as a singer >frew, a n d his lalenis were en- listed in the temperame reform. He travelled two years in Ibis work willi the Rev. I"'. F. Teoier, and afterwards four years wilb J.is. M. Montague, temperance evaii>;elist, and five years of similar excellent service with A. ti. Wolfenbaixt''"' J!i- musical voice has been einpli>yeil for temper.ince and Prohibilion in 2(j Slates of the Cnion, ami in the nominion of Canada. Il is saiil he has sunjf Prohibilion lo over a million pcM-iIe ; has been an active member of tlie M. K. Church for a quarter of a century. He has been an active .Sunday School teacher, and was chorister of the M. K, Church for twelve years in Nibraska CilVf where he now liveM with bis wife and four cliiUlren. PROHIBITION LEADERS. 59 KKV. II. T. CKtlSSI.KV, tin- »-v;iiiki-I1sI, was honi in York Co., Out., Nov. 19, iK_so, and is of Kn);lisli anil Irish ili-sii-nl. His hoyliooil was spi'ii! on a I'ann. Al tin- ;t>ff of i() lit' rt*- I'l'ivt'tl a (itst-i'lass I'fovinfial C'lTlili- i-aU" .'M tlu" ToiDnlo N'oi'in.'il Si-|u>t>|, ami l.'lll^lll si-luu>l tof st'M'i.'il yt'.'irs. II*' al'ti'i-w.-ii-ils .'tllt'tul- t'll \'irtiM'ia I'ni- MTsily. Ui'li^ioilsly inrlint'il tVi>in vllilit- liiuul, lu' wits ftttl- \ t'l'tctl at 17 ,'i ntl j.iiiu'tl lilt' Mflliotl- tsl (.'litn't'li, anti al j^l t'nti'Ct'il tlu' mill- islry antI s|tfnl It'll \ t'ars in ilu' ri');;iil:ti' wtii'k. I lis niinisiry w.as tViiiiriil in foii- vt'i*sit»ns, and his st>ii^ stTvift's ;tiul I>ii))>i1 aiitl pl.'iHonn tl i sf i>ii rst's s ti ti 11 fii'.-ilftl ni.'iny tlf- niantls lot* him tinl- si tit' liis rt' pillar wt>rk. Ill 1S84, b\' C'onltTt'iift' ft>nst'iit, lit' ht'^aii his t'van>;t'lislit' wtirk with his fi>- lahoivr, Kt'v. J. K. lliiiiItT, anil siiiti' llial il.ilt' llit'y havt' lahort'd IViiin tilt' Atl.'inlif \o thf Pat'ilif, in tht' noininion anti I lit' I'. S., witli t'vt'r iiifrt'.'tsin^ snfft'ss. 'riit»iis;mtls Iia\ f \ t*arly ht't'ii ;iiltit'ii lo Iht' fhiirfh h\' Ihi'ir I'Wiiij^t'listif si'i-\ifi's, aiitl hiintlrt'ils ol'lht' viftiiiis til" slrt>iij; ilriiik rt'flainu'ti. Mr. C'rosslfy is tint' ol' Ilu* iiitisl ptiwt'r- I'ul ailvoi'alt'sot'li'inpi'raiiff anti I 'rtiliiliilitm on Iht' plaH'orni to-ila\". Ilrti.'iil, I'alholif anil symp.illit'lif as a man : I'lt'ar, Itij^ifal anil ftiii- viiifiii^ as ,'i prt'aflii'i', anil imiit'rs.ajjy piipul.'iras a sin^t'r, ho wiflils a mij^hty infliit'iu't' lor ^ootl. His lu'w vohimt', "Prat'lit-.'il T.-ilks," isiini' ill" till' most valiialilt' pi'fst'iilat ions tifpraiMifal Christ i.-m truth. II \\.\.\ ALICE FOSTER, M.A., rosidi's at Bin-a, O., and was horn in SlrongsvilU-, Cuyahojfa Co., O., J.m. j;, \X.\y. Oi the laniily ori'ij.;lil, livo art' foIlt'>;;t' >fradii- att's, tint' now lion. Ci. II. I'tislt'r.Cli'M'- l.ind.tl. I lor lalhor w.as ;i nati\t' til'Con- lU'ftii'iit.lit'r niollii'r 111* M.ass.at'hnsi'tls. Ilor ant't'stors on both sidfs wfri' I'ha r.'ii'It'ri /od by .! ?t II 11 I'll inli'^rity, stilirit'ly, .'Mil! p-t- Iriolism. Sht> has hi't'ii tor many years liv.'isiiri'r III' Clt'vi'- laiid Dist. W. \'. .\l. S. til Ihf .Mt'thoilisl C'huri-h. Hi'liirt' oltl I'luin^h to rt'ail sho ftimptist'tl I't'rst's. .At 1^^ ht'i" prtitliit'- liiiiis ht'^.'in to ap- pt'.'ir in till' Cli'vi'- lanil p.-tpt'rs. V'.'iri- oiis spt't'fht's, siin^- liotiks, .-mil vtihinit's o( st'lt'fli'tl vt'rsi' .art' t'lirifht'il by lit'r proilni'lions. .\s a poi't-.'iiithor, iit'r rtpiilalitm rt'sis upon " Hilda, " a K'M'^y talt', and ■ Ziiliilii, a itimaiiit' ol .\nahuai-. " Sho wt'iit oiil with tho first t' l.'riis.itlt'rs; was lor thrt'o yt'ars Snpt'riiilt'iidfiil ol Ht'10,1 Tfiii. Simil.i '^- ' • --..-, .'tiitl h;is bi't'ii a ". I', siiift' its tir^.-tniz.'ition, for vi'ars lit' "rniiin Signal,' ;tlso .Sl.ito Siipor- lit'it'.-i liaiitl til' Ohio rt'inpt'ianii' l.'riis.itlt imtlay Sfluitil, loval mt'iiibt'r of tht' W. C. T. l'. Stall' W.' '.r.l. ivpoi tor lo tilt , intt'iitU'iit tit' prt'ss work, .'iiiil ptililisht'il tht' HiilU'lin "; .1 ri'jfiilar ttintriliiiliir to thf "I'liioii Sijfn.il," "Now N'tirk Wiifi'," .'iiitl various otlior piililit-.-ilioiis, .-0111 is t'onsitU'roil .'i siioffss on llio U'nipi'r.into plallorin. Sho was ilflt'^j.ito to Iht' I'n L'ohnnlnis, .also to till' N.itioiial \V. C. r. C. C on. at Maltiii - npor- •OhioW.C.T.r. I'll'. ■ I'm. Con. at timori', Mil. 'K on, was t'onnnoii 1 1 i o n , had ■od- mi'in- villafjf I'.irs of vt'lopt'd this .'init' .a simfiiijf fa ill' r, iiitu injf liraska otintin- r w ink , land lor lishantl nt'whal was in and a I nd ilt'iiuin- t' w.as .1 lulilit-an lun lie I'rohibi- His y as a w, and 011- 1 lliis lis with similar oiie has of till" as snn(f monibor as boon M. E. lives KKV. .MAHKI. I.. .M.mCOV, of .Mansliold, .Mass., a popnlar anil t'ltuiiiont preafhor anil Prtihiliition worker, w.'is born in Pex- ter. Me., I'eli. 51I1, 1.^5(1. I'l. • first I'liiir- Ii'i'ii M'jirs tif her life were spent tin her father's farm in an ^ell'ort to seeiire .'(11 ethie.'ition at the " little reil sehool liouse ," ne.a riy .a mile aw.iy, wliieh she iiniierw I'llt .'l muitl ileal of h.'irtl- •-hip :uiil exposure lo altentl, winter .mil summer, .as slit' ii.iil .a ^reat thirst lor knowleii^e. Al I T she lit'i;:tn teafll- uij;;si-liiuil,.antl .'liter this, iiiusie lotik her altentiiiii I'tir ye.ars, her father beiii^ an iilil-l iine sill jjiii^ m.asler. Later she took .'i eourse .at Me.aih'ille 'riieolo^- ieal Sehool, Peiin., ;ind after that, in iHi)-', al rnfl's Col- \ege, Mass. She was one of the liist three wtnnen lo enter lli.it instilulion, anil the first one lt';i\in^ it lo he ortl.-iint'tl in the I'lii- versalist ministr\'. .Al llu' elose of her stuilies shi' reet'iveil ,a eall to the I'niit'rsalisI C'huri'h .'it .M.ansfit'lil, where she luiw is. She w.'is ehtiseii Pros, of her Itieal W. C". T. I'., anil h.as lieeome vi'ry active alon^ the line tit teinperaiiee reform: ''Total abstineiiee for the proleetion of self ; total I'roliibition for the proleetioii of others." She was teniptirar\' eh.airman of llie reeetil .State Pro. Con. at Hiislon, and n;;ive a riiijrin^' address wliieli reeeiveil wide noliee from the press of the etiiiiitry. A woman-suft'r.'i^jist, reluet- aiitly, beeaiise of ni:»ii's f.aithlessness to the interests of luiine, ;is .a unit, whieh eompels woman to ileniaiid the ritjlil loproteet herself. RK\'. JC^IIN K. Hl-'.N'TKK, the ev.iiiKelist, was born ill Our- li.ini Co., Unl., July Jtj, iHsd. Hrtiu^jht up a Presbyterian, he was etinverted at 15 in a .Methodist revival, .mil soon after ealletl. like Klislia, from foiiowin^f the the plough to the pulpit. His eireiiils wt'ie soon allaine with revivals, and he w.is e.illetl lo assist in serviees on other fields. He spent Iwti ye.-irs at Nieloria I'niversity during his proba- tion, and shortly ■ liter his tirdiiiation w.is iiiarrietl lo .Miss Jennie Jones, of Essex, who, in all his ministerial .ind evan^feliial work, h.is rendered him most elTieienI aid I M tl eneon r.ijfo- menl. He served stiine years in the pastorale in Mani- toba, jiiul the eiin- viition beeominjr more iiilense lli.il he shoultl be an ev;iii(4:t'lisl he joined Mr. Cross- lev in 1H84, siiitt' whieh time, like llaniin^ evangels, thev h.ive visited the eliief eilies of Canada anil Ilie I'. S., everywhere .irtius- in>j inleiise relictions interest, t|tiieki'nin^' the spiritual life of the eliurehes, anil lirinnin>{ a liai vest of lilessinn lo the eommimily at laixe. Mr. Iliinler is of Irish tleseenl, .and possesses all that keen pi'reeplion, nervous sensibility ami wit, so elijiraeleristie of the Irish people. I le is a liorn leader of iiieii ; bold, skillful, majfnetie. His taet in m.aishalliiiK .intl miiiliiifr the fortes in revival serviees is niarvollous. His seriniins and Hible readiiij;s, whilst intensely pr.ie- lieal, are invariably of deep inleiesi, and often of Ibrillinn power. 6o PROHIBITION LEM)ERS. JOHN FRANCIS WHITWKLL, Civil Kiikmiu-im. was horn at Phillipshiir)^, Sopi. ()tli, i><4.i, st>n ol Ki'\ . Kiilianl Wliitwt'll ami Mar\ l^Uottt*. ilaii);^!)!*'!' i>( iii'ii. KosWi'U i>UiMti'. Ill* was I'lliK'ati'il at IMiillipslniix. '"'^l stiiilii'il t'nj^itii'i'riti^" uilli his hi'iilluT, T. S. WhilWi-li. C. K.. aiui R. I. HaU-y. t. . K. Hf is a Con- •-iM\ ali\t' iti polilit's. I li' ht'j^'an his U'ln- |u'raiu'i' Wink h\ iiMMJn^' a Maiul ol I li>iH' whiMi t wt'lvr \ t ai s olil ; tlu'ii till' t. .oinl Ti'inplars, ijir Soils ol Ti'inpi'i- .iiirr, aiul lilt* Phil- 1 i psh 11 r y^ r 11 i o II ri'inpi'iaiii'i' Sor V, i>r whifli 111* was I'li'siilrnt for a tiiiu'. Ill" piwi'iit- nl a liri'iisi* hfiii^ Lcra III I'll h V I h i' Couni'il of IMiillips- buiXt ill 1^*7-2, ior hail' tiu' vi'ar. lit- was i'i>iini'i'ii-t.i with the R. T. otT. at Hoiiront. Hi* was Soiv. i»r the Missisipioi Co. Ti'iiipt'ianro Alliaiiri', aiul hrlpi'il to hiiilil it up. IK' is now its 'I ivasuivr, ami a nu'inhiT ot' thi- K\i'i'uti\i' ol' tlu' ^lu'hrv' Rraiu'li ot'thi" OoniiiiioM Alliaiiri-. IK' was lay lU'lr^^alt* to llu' Syiuui, ami rrpivsiMilatiw olthi* Sahhath Siliool iVoin lU'iiroixl; is now Supt. ortlu" S. S. at PhillipshnrjLf , ami lav rfailiT tor thi- parish of Si. Arnuiiul W'l'sl ; was St'i*y., ami is now \'iii'-l*ri's. ol" llu* S. S. I'nion lor Ihi' i.'o. o\' .Missist|noi aiul l*ri's. olSt. Arinuml W't'st Parish S. S. Inst. W'hili' SiHv. of till* M. C. T. Alliami', hi- went ovi'r tlu- Co. twill', atti'iulint^^ nu'iMinj^s ami ui^^inj;" pi'oplf to join thi' Alliaiu'i'. Hi'lii Ihf hi^lu'st othi'fs in 1. O. Ci. T. KhIj^os to wliiih lu* lu'loni^i-il. ASA IlKACII, Liionst' Iiisju'itor for tlio County of OumlaH, *.>nlario, was horn in Ki'mplviJli*, County of ilivnvilU", Dniario, ni-roni hi'r Sih, iS^o. His paivnts wi'ii' Malilon Hrarli ami M iMiy May Clothii-r. lit' is a Mt'lhoilist in relig- ion, ami a RfforniiM* in jiolilirs. Cp- w arils ttf forty yrars aj^o hi' l»i'- loni^i'il to Krnipt- villf nivisii>n, .\o. ih, Sons of Ti'iii- pi'iaiuf, ami was also a ini'inhtT of Harmony l.oily; t*, No. I. Imlt'pi'iult'iit Oiilrr of Ctooil riMiiplais, thi' first year it was oi'j^an- izi'ii at Mt'rrii'k- villi', Count V of I.i'i'ds. Hf has lu'lil I lie hij^lu'st positions thi'se loeal soi'ii'tii's I'oukl I'on- I fer upon him, aiul I was a dt'lfjfate to J _ ., I / '_ - I se ve ra I (i ra nil l.od^e nifi't in j^s. ! K' is not a pnhhi- speaker, hut has written to the press in the intiiests of teniperaiue ami Proliihilion, ami has done all he roiild lo advanee ihost* inli'it'sis. IK* has Keen for more than fort\ years a K'liever and worker in Prohibition as the most sueeessfiil means ol rtirtailinj; the aeeursed lit|uor Iratlie ami inaking^ it ilisreputahU-, ami Jias heeii of the opin- ion ih.'il no Cioverninent, nor iminieipahtv, nor people, have any ri^iit to lieense a eurse like the litjuor iraOie upon ilic publie. He resides at Iroipiois. RKV. JOSKPH R. tlCNnV.a proininenl Methodist minister of Wiiulsor, Out., was born in Mountinelirk, liektml, in iS^S. His father was for lifly \ears a Methotlist minister, and three i>f his brotlu'rs were also ministi'is. I le reeei\eii his eiluea- lion in the publie sehoels, St. Catha- rires Aiademy, and at Toronto Ciiivers- ity. He entereil the ministry at 2 i . ami has hlied pastorates at l>wen Sounil, Montreal, Tilson- h u r ^, A V 1 111 e r , Waterforil, Sarnia, l.iiiilsa\, \'orkville, l.v>iulon, ami iMher import a nl ehary^es. 1 1 e was married Sept. Jh, iS(>s, to Mis^ Isabella 'Kve- U'i_i;li, of Montreal. He was i-onnei"ti'ii with the New i.'on- nexion Clmreh until the union in 1*^74. He took an aeti\e part in the niove- nu'nt whieli lesulted in the union of 1S74, and also an inlluenlial part in brinj^^in^ about the latter union of 1SS4. He has been Chairman of sonu' of the most important districts, and in iHtjo was President of the Londt>n Conferenee. He is aetive and proiniiu-nt in all the Conferenee work, and in the >;reat CtMineils of his Cbuivli. Kailhfnl, true and able in his ministry, he is tender, sympathetie ami loving as a pastor, and invariably j^ains and retains the ^tiod-will of I:!-- people, and the ei>ntulenee of llie publie. He is oni' of the most aetive and inHuential teniperaiue and Proliibition workers in Can- ada, his eKH|uenl tonjjue and ready pfn beinj; consecrated j^ladly to thiH cause of humanity. JONN H. Au^^ _>3, 1S17. CiOClllI was born at Landj^ate, Kent Co., Kn^., He came to America in earlv bovhood, anil soon became a " victim of drinkin)^^ habits," and dej^enerated into a '* sol." In his dt^ji^raitation he came to bt'lieve that every mans hand was aj;aiiist hi m ; that he hail not, after his mother's death, a friend in all the earth. He was rescued, not by the cyclone oft he Wash- in jj;^ I oni a n niovi*- nient which swept i> ver I he count r v about that liiiic, I>ut by the still small voice of personal )U-rsu<'isit>n. He at oiM'c dedicated him- self to the temper- ance reform, and soon ileveloped rare powers of oratorv. His i>lalform ahiliiy was marvelous ; his stories were full of dramatic lire and pathos, his humor kindly and keen, his wit trenchant, while his j;estures were so lorcchil ihat he well deserved the title bestowed upon him by an admirinj^f Teuton of "the man dot talks init bis coat tails." His tenderness for the erring; was limitless, and numerous are the stories of his self-sacrilicinj^ charit v. The writer will never foi^et his marvelous address delivered a year or two before his decease to a Chautauqua audience of seven thousand |Vople, nor the thrill and p i^s of his appeals to both reason and cinscienee. the \ast assembly swaying; beneath his bursts t>f oratory as the trees before the tempest. His death left a void in every reformer's heart. P R O H I in T I O N LEADERS. 6i JOHN CAMKKON, fomuU'r :iml ProsiiK'iit of tlu' Ailvcrtisor IViiitin^ Co., l.»MuU>i). Oni., \v;i> Kun Jan. Jisl, iS4.1'*»' M-nkliain, Ou\. Ill' was I'dii- lati'il at llu' SUnilV- villi' at)d l-ondi»ii ;iublii- s i- h oo I >. .\(.;»ri'ntirt'il lo tlu print t's 1 1 ;uK* in l.ttml >ii at an i*arly a)^r, lit' tomulril tlu- "AtlviTiisi'r" as an i'vi'nlnj^ papiT wlu'n In- was hut Ji yt'ars oUI. a nil it )i a s j^riMvn until it is ni>w tilt' pritu'ipal papt-r in i">ntario i»n t sidr 'I\t ront o. I If was iov snini" year** iliii't' cil'.li'r of tlio "ToronI o I'.lobi'," allfr tlu' ilratli ol ilu' lion, (i t'i»rj;i' H r *» w n . I Ir has IvtMi Prt'si- lU'ut ol" liu' C'ana- ilian Pit'ss Assofia- I ion, a nd ot tin* Ontario Tt'niptT- anrt* Allianoi*, and otVu'iallv 4'oniU'ctt'd with t I'm pcra nii' and beni'VoliMit work in many ways. Hi' is an t-ldrr ot tlu- Park Avf. IVi'sbytiTian Clunvh, and lias bi'cn ticli'^ali' lo tlu' (.ii'nt'ral AsstMubly. Hi- is als*> anlhor of a book, *'A Canadian in Kuropr." Hfmarrit'd, in iS(m), Klizalu'lh, danj^hlrr i»i tho iatoC'apl, anil Adjt. David Millar, Uoyal Canadian Kitli's. As a journalist Mr. CainiMon wiflds a witir and biMU'Hi-t'nt intlui'nri*. as his papi'r invai'iablv ailvo- cati's moral .ind stu-ial ri'l'orm.aTid i-vi-ry movi'nu'nt (or ihr iinprovr- nuMit ofsoi-iiMy ri-i'i'ivt's in its I'ljurnns hi-artv fiuU>rsation. Tlu' *'Advi'rlistM" is a proni>unrod advorati' of rrohibition. .Mr. Cam- eron i.U'H'y, not i'ontini* liis ti'inprraiui* labiM's to London or to llu- **.\dvt»rtisor," but is tivi|urntlv t'ouml i>n thf Ifinpi'ranii' platform. son JONATHAN SPK.VtUK \VILLIAMSi>N. P. !>.. youn^a of Zonas M. ami Klranor W iiiiamson, was born in I)arlin^t< •St i^ton wnship, nurhain Countv. On'.. Julv ^, tH\2. 11 I- ri''- i"fi\ I'll h i s t'd ui'a - tiixi at the pid>lii' sihools, a n d a I Albert C" o 1 1 e k' e. Belleville. Ont. He is a minister i>f the Methodist Chureh. and, prior to t he union, belonj^ed to the MethiHlist Kpis- eopal braneh. lie is a Kel"ornu'rinpi>li- ties. He has been eonneeteil with the (.lood Templ.'irs, the Sons o\' Tem., anil the Koyal Templars otTemperanre. 1 le has held the oHue o\' Presidinj;- KIder, an d (,'hai rman of Pistriet, was Seere- tary of the l*ri>vin- eial Sunday Sehool Assoeiation in i>*75, Seeretary of Nia- in iS86, President of Niagara t'onferener Knra Conferenee in iS86, President of Niagara t'onferenee in iHik), He lias been a membe'- of Alma College Hoard oi' Man- agement sinee its ineeption, and is ;i ini'niber o\' the Senate of Albert Collek»;e. He took a proiiiinent part in the Ounkin Hill eon- test in Hrant County, the Siott Aet eampaigii in Slamilton .ind other plaees, the vote on the repeal o\ the Sei>tt .Aet in Hrant, and the Plebiseile eonlest in South Oxford, and has done unuh elfee- tive work on the platform on temperance and other subjeets. He was married, tirst, on the i vl^ day of Mareb, iS(>(>, to Luey Mulholland. of Troy, and the seeond time, on the 4th day ot May, 1874, to Ada A. W'olverton, the only dauKbt^'i- of the late Dr. .Allen Wolverlon, of Hamilton, Ont. bous CIIARLKS WOKRNKK FIK.SS was born near Waterville. in Oneida County, N. V.. km May lolh, 1K60. His ancestors wen' Hu);ueiiots of ex- ^_^__^_____^^^____^______^.__ eelleiU standing- I I' II ('<■•<, a n U 11 1 s iiiolluT, Johiinna \'. Woi-nuT, I'anu' tiinn i'lrrmany. Mr. C'liaili's W. I-'iii'ss was t'lliii'.'tl I'd ill l!if nisliict SiIuidI .Mul latiT at I lu' l'nii>ii Si"h<>i>l aiul XraiU'iiiv al Wali'i- iiPr, \; v.; hf is .i!si> a ^railiialf of l.owi'H's C'dihhiit- rial C'olU'ffi' a I itiii^^haiiitiMi, N. ^^ On'l\l. 4, iHSj, In- w a s iiiji iTii'ii ( o iCililh A. Sryiiu>iir; t w i> )■ t' a r s a Ct I' r '% ■ ^P»^^fe W ^5^p^ ' '^' Ni'W \\>rk -1 ^B- ^m ^'ity, ami iu>\v In>UIs ^ '^^pSf *^i ''" iiiilHM'tant posi- tion as Siipt. ot" Ki-al Kslali'. He is i-onsitlfri'ii an aiitlioritv iMi lii^h- I'lass a p.'ii't iniMit ii»-iisf pro|HTt\'. ;nul is a tirst-t*lass Ri-al Kstatc Supt. Ht'in>j tor yi-ais jis^iisit-tl with tin- iloJ^fiii); way in wliirli both of tlu- old parlii's di'alt with ihi- hiiuor I'vii, he joini-d Ihi" I'roiiibilion Party, ;iiu! wt»rks harti lor its nitiinato sucrt'ss. IK* is *'xi"fi'iiin^iy busy in both n-lifjious and I'roiiibilion work; has writton artiili's (or tlio ^otitl t»t"tlu' i-aiiso; has spokon in LK'l>ati> inan\' tinu's lor Prohibition, ami is i-alK'd a i-tMiviiu'ini^ spfakor. Mo is Prt-s. of thi' i^tli Hisirii't Prohibitiiin S<»fit't\-. .'iiul was iu>niin.'iti'd Tor .'iUlt>rni;in Last \'i'ar. Mo is a nu'inbfr of till* V>rtii"i;il IU»;irtl i>t' Park .\\'onuo M. K. L'hiiroh : Pros, of its Kpworth l.oa^iu', and .1 il.iss U-adi-r; is Chairman of Ki-lij;. Mfi'l. Com. of Kast Nfith Stri-ct Hramli of llio \. M. C. A. CHARl.KS H. IIAMMONH, of Mashpoo, P. C. Coiins.ior <\i Massacluisftls. is without iloiiht tho bost-kiiown tiood 'I\'mp)ar in .Soiit hoast orii Mass.'io h II s o t t s. Horn IVi-. i,S, 1H61, of Indian dosront, in tlu- htlli- Indian town of Mashpo<',on historical Capo Cod; hf w..:. cdmatod in till' piiblii- si'hools, and aftorward t.ui^ht for sfvcral tonus in his nativi' town. Joiiiinj; tlu- Hood Ti-mpl.irs in iHS:^, lu' sium p;iss- I'd all siibordiiu.to ortu"i's, ;iml w;is one ^^i tlu- nuist .'u'tivo in introdminjj tho nisi riot l.iuljfi- sys- tem in H.irnstablf Coiinly; wasi-loi-tod Hist lilt Counselor .mil s»bsei|iientlvn. ^ .'W. and in Maiih, iSi)^, H.is ohosen I'irand .\t,irsli;i| of Massaehusetts, and in i8i)4 Ci. C. by aeol.imation, as a reiojinilion of aitive serviee jfiven tlu- eaiise, as i.odffe and His- triel Oeputy, also as a sp«>eial I'dxanizer, many new Indites beiiijf instituted by him. In religion he has been a H.iptisl sinee an early ajfe, and in Sunday Sehool work has alw.iys been aelive as teaeher or suiMTinlendent. He has held tlu- oHiee of town elerk sinee tu'eomiiiff ;t voter ; has been for the past few M-ars on the Hoard of S«>leelmen, and is al present Chairman. He believes the lodRe riMim to bo one of the best sehools for tr.iininjr the yoiinif in tein|HTanee, and for general eullure. His wife is also a member of the i'trand l.tnlffe. They have one son ;ind four daughters one of whom, 12'i years old, is Chaplain of their Lodge. 6a PROHIBITION LEADERS. COL. JOHN SOBIK.SKI, of BloominK'loii, III., llu- K>'iii.'l aiul popular liood 'IVmplar worker, Uvliiri-r and iMxaiii/>'i . lias ln'iniiu- wi'll Uiiowii lo irm- pt'r.iiK'i' \\t>i'kt'i"s .'ill o\vr .\nuTii-a. Hi' lias ,1 wiiiuli'rl'nl liis- lorv. Ill' is ,1 lineal iU'si-t>iul;iiil i>r t hr ^iiMl Polish kiiin. John Stihii'ski, atui llu' son of I'lunit John Soliirski, who I'oin nia niloil ( hi- nolahlo Polish iip- I'isin^ ^^o \i'.'ii's ai;o. His wifi' is a ilauj^Ii- tiT of liiMi. Joseph Hoi'ii, ;ilsi» proni- ini'tit ly assoi-iaU'il with ihat uprising ; two <^i' luT brothers wen- exeiiileil hv the Kuss IS, anil .'i sistei' siMii an I'xile to Siliei ia. His IMotluT I'l'fusi'tl to lake Ihe oath of al- lei^i.'iiiei' to Russia, ;uul allow hiT yoini^ son lo hi* eitui'ati-il intheClrei'kC'hin'i'h, .'inil shi' was ban- ished. She made her way to Knj^l.iiul, where she died. He re- .solved to ^fo to .\ineriea, .ind when but i J ye.irs of ;i)^e stole his wjiy one sti>rin\' ni^hl oit bo.aril iif an .Ainerii'an ship al l.ivi'rjjool, and .ifterwards w.is landed in New York. Hebeeaniea biijjierin the I'nion .\rniy dininj; the ,\rneiie;iii Civil War, .and remained ten years in the ranks. He then enlisted in Mi'xieo and was pres- ent at the exeeution of Maximilian. In that eonnlry he reieiveil the rank of eolonel. He .ifterw.iids settled in Miimesota and w.is elected to the l.e^fislalnre. There lie introdiued Hills lavorinjf Pro- hibition, woman siifTiajje, and abolition of e.ipital pniiislimeiil. He has been a prominent temper.anee worker anil lecluri'rtor ve.'ii-s. REV. \V. R. P.ARKER, .\.M., n.P., of Toronto, *-- * " '•-• -- "' , w.'is born in \Vi*st tiwillinibiiry, Sim- eoe Ci>. , Ont., Jniu* 2o, 1S31. Hisp.-irents were RobeiM .a nil Sai-;ih P.'irkei*, ol" Irish birth. He h.id but one brother, the late Hr. Parker, .M. P., oi' Cinetpli, whi> j^ave j4"re.al pri>misi' ^■>\' polilii'al proniiii- I'lK'eantl iisetiilni'ss, but was I'ut olT in I'.arly lili*. 1 le w.'is I'lliu'.ati'il ;it \'ii'loi"i;i C n i V i* r s i t y , Co- bour^, from wliii'h he jn in church work. He is ,'i n i'loijuenl spi','iker,.'i re.'ulyili'- b.iter, .1 careful stu- dtiit, aiul .'I wisi' counsellor, and has led a very busy and useful life. He has been twice PresidiMit of the 'Toronto Methoilist (."onterence ; .'i member oi till' Cieiii'i'.'d Conferi'iu'c sini'i' its form.'ition, .'(nil siiii-e 1S74 its Cieneral Si'i'ii't.'ir\' of .Missions, one o( the most iniport.'int positions at its ilisposiil. He has been also a I'hosi'ii I'epri'si'iit.'itive to v.'ir- ious iniport.'int boilii's. He li.'is taken .'i lile-lon^ interi'st in the tein- pi'r.'ini-e movemi'nl. His sermons, spi'ci'hes, lei'tures, p.'imphlets, newspaper .'irticles, ,'iiul the liki', h.'Ui' j^re.'itlv helpi'il in the pri>- motion of the c.iuse. He was President of Ihe Ontario Prohibition l.i'ajj^ue, .'mil took ;i promini'iil part in thi' t'ormation oi' the New Party movement a few yt'.'irs .'i^o. REV. ISAAC HROCK AVEESW ORTH, M.A., LI-.H., was born near Odessa, Out., Nov. 16, i8,ii. His parents weieof C. E. Loy.'ilist slock. Con- tempi,! I in^ medi- cine, he spent four winters in B.ith .\ c .'I il e 111 y , a n d tau^^ht school for a time, after which he learned the printers' art. He founded in 1S5J " The Index, " at .Newbury, Ont. He preached his lirst sermon in :i lo^; c hurch, Ren- frew County, July, 1S54. He married Miss Phiebe Orser, daufjliterof W'illi.im Orser, of Picton, in 1H57. In iS.^Hheand h w i 1 1 >ecami' students of .Albert illc .h Helle after Hv, ■ars, he>;radnated Arts Beic .Methodisl I' Ik pi Brockv 'I'.'ii'hetl i Belli • the illi , Otta ordained in i860. Since that time he has tilled a iiuinber of iin- and whs Presiding' Elder eleven years. He has been Pres. of the portant stations in leadiii)j cities and towns in both Quebec ami London Con., Ch.iirnian of several Pisls., a member of all the Cien. Ontario. He was twice President of the London Conference, and Cons., and was co-deli'tfate with the late Dr. .Nelles to the den. if the M. E. Church at Phil.idelphia in 1H84. At i.^ he took later of the Toronto Conference. He has been .1 member of every ral Conference held. He is a member of the Bo.ird of Regents the pled>;e, and at 19 joined tlieS. of T.,.ind at 2i) the I. O. G. T. of Victoria I'niversity, of the Board of Maiia>feiiienl of .Mnia Col id has be en promin ent in the Cirand Loil^'e foi thirty \'eais, twice U'tfe, and the Board of Ciovernors of Wesley TheoloHiicil Collejje elected dele);,'ite lo the R. W. C. L. He belouffeil to Canada's nent in niinkin .Act, Scott .Act, .ind al Mont re d. He hi is been an active temperance worker sine bovhood; has been a S. of T., a CI. T., and a R. T. Healsolook; PaiU V. id has be en prom a^;iliitioiis, beiii^f .1 powerful platform speaker. He active part in Prohibition campaiffiis in Welland, Kent and Eljjin spent 1H68 69 on the pl.itforni for the Can.ul.i 'Temperance I'nion Counties, doin^ much toward the (;ood success of each of these. and 1. O. C!. T. At (14 he is still a popular preacher and lecturer. ^Ki. PROHIBITION LEADERS. <3 Jl>ll.\ ZKI.l. I.ONt'i, of Si. riioma-., Om., iiiOil ila\'s iin .'i r^ii III i II .N'l'ilolk I'll. I It' li-ariu'il (lit* f;i rpi'ii t f IS Iratlt' anil lift'.'unc a IniiKI- i n jf fi»nl ru fl t>r. W'liilf sti I'li^ja^ffil lit- tjti.'ililit'tl (or tilt* Sflu'i)! t»! St'it'iu'i* t'\ani)ita(it>ns, anil \V .1 ». I t*^ i s ( iTl'll a s a II ai't'hi( t'l't wlifii llif .\iihi- (I'lls .\il tiinu- in(i> liiitf. Ill' is sdll ■ uiivflv fnf,Mf;iil in htisint'ss, anil has .'isst>t-i.'i(t>il widi liini ;is paiditT liis still. Ml. I>. n. l.iinK' 111* has iaki*n a li(i*Uinjf in(i'ri*s( in tt*iiipt'raiii'i* anil 01 III' I- in lira I .-uiil stu'ial rt'(i>rni mini - nu*n(s. Wlii'ii 14 yi*ars of ajfi* hi* jiiini'il till* Si>iis t»t' TfiiiiKTaiu'c. Ml* is a nii'inhi*r of (hi* rrt*sh\(i*riaii C'hiiri'li. Hi* bt*Uiii>;s (i) (ho l.ibfial Party in |itilitits. lit* is iniili* ,1 Siuifty man, hi'iii^ ;i nu'inbiT iit" (hi* Utnal 'rt-mplars, .\. I*". \ .\. M., I. O. O. I-'., K. ot I'., anil .\. O. l'. W . lit* w.is IVfsiilfiit .it (ht* Klj^in L'li. l*rohibi(ioii I'li'bisi-id* Assiifiatiini iltirin^ the l.'itt* Pi\i- vini'ial i'amp;ii>;n. IIi* has iltiiu* i*IVt*itivt* plallunn wm k (i>r (In* (ompt'r.'iiu'i* I'aiisr in (hi* C'lnintii-s tit' Kljfiii, (.^xtoril <'iikI .Miilillt*- si*x ; alw.iys a ili*(i*rniim*d ami oiit-.iiul-Kiil oppiniont til ihi* ilrink (ratlii* intfi'i'sts. Hi* is ;ilsii ili>iii^ aiMivt* st'rvii'o with his pi*ii, writiiiff an aitii'li' lor (ho pross oaoh wook (ovor a ««;« ili/tlume) on Prohibition. Ilo ilovott*s (iiiu*, onor^v anil moiii*y ti> (ho oaiisi*. I( lioil ist Itit'al proai'lior, but iliod whon his son was lni( (wo yoars old. His mot ho r soon .'i t'l o r o 111 i - );ra(oil to i.'.'iii;ul,'i, with ;i l.iiiiily of i*i^h( ohililri*n, of whom Janios was (hoyouiiffost. Thoy sottloil in niirhani I'o. , thon almost ;i wilili'rnoss, whoro sflii>t>l ail\.'iii(:i^i*s wi*ri* vory limitoil. Ilo is vory l;ir);oly a soll'-odnoatod man. \\c ontorod tin* min- istry of (lio W. M. \ow Connoxion Cluiroh in 1S50, .'ind has doviXoil all his lilosorvioo (oohuri'li work. Ilo hold sov- i*ral iiiipi>r(.'int posi- tions in his C'lniroh, .■uiil was oloi-(od Prosiilont ot" tlii* Contoro.ioo in |S7(). Ilo took a prominont p.irt in tlio Molhodist I'nion movoinont, whioh w.'is i-i>iisntnm.'itt*il in 1S74. Hi* has boon a monibor ot"ovory C'lonoral C'ont'oroiuo of tho .MothodisI (.'Iniroh hold siiuo. In iHi)4 ho w;is oloi'tod Prosiilont ol' tho Ciuolpli C'lnitoroiit'o, at liotlorioh. Ilo has ,'ilsii tilloil titht'r inipi>rt:(nt positions. In .M.'iroh, 1855,110 w.is marriod to tho only ilaiii^htoi ot tho lato Ciooi^^o t'lomons, noar ('i;ilt. Out. Ilo tt>ok till* tomporaiu'o plod^o wlii*n a nioro bo\', ;ind in.'uli* his ilobiit as a jiublii' spo.-ikor in bohall" ol' th.'it oauso. \\c has t>i*oii iilontitioil with iii*;irly .'ill tho tompor.'inoo or^.'iniz;itii>ns. The Proliibitii>n nu>vomont has h.'iil a I'aitht'iil t'rioiiil in him. n in a KEV. \VII.I.I.\M \. Y.XTKS, .\. .M., Kx-Prosidonl ot Kind- lay Collojfo, Ohio, was born in ,1 Iniinblo lojt houso in Wost- niorolaiul (.'oiint\', Stato ot Ponnsyl- vani.'i, on tho 26th day of March, in Iho year 1865. Ho is tin* tondi" obilil of John H. .'uiil J.'ino ^'a(os. In Ilii* M'.'ir 1S.S4 ho ontor- ;*d H.irkoyvillo .\o,i- domy, from whioh institution ho ^r.-id- iialod in Iho voar 1HK7. In tho fall of that yoar ho on- tt*rod till* l'"rosli- ni;in olass in Fiiiil- l,iy Collojfo, .'inil >;fradualoil with llio ilt*(.froo of .\. B. in Iho yoar 1891. In iSi)^ ho was olioson Piosidoiil of Iho saiiio oolloffo. Ho imilod with Iho t'hiiroh of tiiiil whon oijflit yoars olil, anil li.'ts boon a ministor in that body for thirtoon ye;irs. Ho lias boon an oarnost .iilvooalo for Proiiibilion, in Iho pvilpit and on tho platform, for sovoral yo.irs, and firmly boliovos thai to proaoh tin* lull llospol inohidos thooontond- iiiff for Iho prohibition of tho liipior IratVio, and his pulpil has no unoorlain soiniil in that ilirootion. Noillior li.'is his .')uilii*noos sut- foroil in si/0 or inlorost on .-looounl of Ibis, but tho opposito is truo. His sorvioos havo boon o;iniostl\- si>iijj^hl .'iiiil always froo!\' ron- ilorod ill County ;uul Distriot Convontions, anit as a tomporanoo looturor ho has jfainod a wido roputation. In July, 1895, ho 10- sitjnod tho Prosidonoy of Kindlay Collojfo to aooo|>i tho paslor.-ilo of a oliuioh in Philadolphia, I'n., in whioh city ho is located at inosoiit. KKV. IS.Wf TOXKI.I.. \^^^., of Hamilton, Onl., a loading mil woll-known Can.'tilian MollioilisI niinistor, w;is born in Kramosa Township, Wollinjf- I — i ton Co., Out., .Nov. ' ! 8, 1S45. Ho was oduo.'itod at Rock- wood .Academy and X'icloria CoIIe>{c. lie spent some yoars as a first-class te.'icher,,'! nil ontorod tho ministry in 1868. He h;is since filled a number of imporl- anl stations, iiu'luil- injf TiMonto, I'olor- borouffh, .St. Calli- arinos, .-mil Hamil- ton, whore he is now p.istor of tho First .Methodist Church. He has filled the chair of President of the Niaif.'ira Con- foronco, and has boon .1 iloloff.ito ;it the last throe Cion- oral Conferonces. Ho is .'I nienibor oi the Cionoral Hoard of .Missions of that body. In .May, 1895, the ilofjroo of H. O. was conferred on him by tho \Vosloyan Thoo- lo);ical Col., of Monlroal. Ho w.is marrioil in 1874 to Miss Kmnia Watkins, M.K.I.., daujfbtor of riiom.is C. Watkins, one of the laixest morclianls, and most liberal tomporance workers in tho Pro- vince. Ilo has boon in the lompei.inco ranks since oiirly boyhood. When 14 yoars old ho joined tho CI. T. Order, and has ovor since boon zealous in tho >fOod work. He is now an R. T., and nivos as much lime and allontion to Iho promotion of toiiipetanco and Prohi- bition as his important duties in connection with his life work in the Church will permit. Ho has done much olToctivo svork in edncalin^f public opinion for the success of .1 nominion Prohibition law. 64 PROHIBIT ION LF.ADKRS. f J ROBKRT CAKTWKIl.IlT IIAHUKKI.KV w.is l.oin in \V'i'lliii({tiiii, Sliriipsliiiv, KiiH'. Miiy m, iH4i. Ills parciiis wcri' UiilUMl l'. aiul M.ir- . jfiiii-l llalihci'Icy , 1 lilt' riiniHT an l'!i)^- lisli army surfft'i»iK III' was I'll mill rd a I a pi'ivali' si'liool in llif Ml- ol \Vi>;li(. Ill' lost his ntolhi'i' al at) rally a^f, r'aii a\v.t\' troin hoinr anil I'ltlisli'il in ihi' Knj^lish ar'iny al id, anil i-anii' u» .\i'V\ Hrtinswii'k in iHhj, al I III' liinr «t llu- Mason anil Sliili'll I'xrili'iiii'iil ; inarrit'il in KiTiliTiil till in |S()<>, piiri'liasi'il Ills ilisihaixi' IVi'in till' army in 18(17, anil ri'iiiovi'il to HosUtii, Mass., ulu'M' III' li.'is siiii-i* ri'siilt'il ; is a mi'iiihiT iilllii' t'on- jfivfjaliiinall'lniirli, till' I' r o I1 i I) i I i o 11 I' a r I y . CI ra 11 il Biidii'H i>r Ti'inpli* ,'i n il C i> 11 II I' i I o r Honor, I. O. 11. T., anil S. of T. Hi' joiiu'il tin- T. ol' H., .mil tin- S. ol' 1". at St. John, \. M., in iK(i.'. llf li.is ivorki-il lor I'rohihi- lioii hv \oii-i' ;intl pi'ii, pnhlishi'il ;iiiii I'liiti'il " 'I'hi' Ki'Vi'illi'," I'ro- liihitii>n i>iX'»" 1*1' N'orl'i>lk C'o., Mass., ,-iiul 1,-iti'r, lor four yi'.-irs, " Till' Ti'mpi-rani'i' Ki'roril : " oixaiii/i'il two Jii\i'iiilr Soi'irtii's in 18K1, ;iiul I'oiulni'ti'il llii'in lor ri^ht \i';irs ; h;is bi'i'ii l*ri'siili'iil iif Town I'rohihilion Club, of llyili' I'ark, livr out of tin- last t'ijfht yi'.irs, inrliiilin^' tin- pivsi'iit ; w.is on .Stato C'ommitti't' of .Massa- I'luisftts l*roliitiitioii Parly in iSSSaiiil iSi)^; li.-is hi'i'ii iiomiiu'i* M till' Party for Slali- Srn.ilor, Ki-prosi'iitativi' In llii' Stall' Li'^isla- luiv, and has filled all lounly ;ind town offices. AKTHl'R Rll.H.\KnSl1.\ L-.\KUI\t,Tl1\, menhant and postniasler, of Nii-ola 1-,'iki', M. C"., w.ns horn .'it V'ii'lori.'i, H. C, .Au^fiist ^rd, 1870, s I' I- o n il s o II o f 'I'liitmas ;iiiil Kli/a (.'ai'rin^t on, both pionoi'is of Hrilish C'ohimhia. On .'ii'- rinint oi ill-hi'.'ilth he movi'd to \iri>l.'i l-.ike in iHW). He alli'iided four ye.irs a I 1 he \'ielori;i puhlie sihool. .\l ten ye.'irs of .-i^e he starti'd to i-ani his own livi'lihood in his f:iilier's oHiee, anil in iHijj sl.'irli'il in business for him- self. He never look .any pari or iiiter- I'st in ti'iiiperaiii'i' work uiilil the fall of iSH«, when he hi'e.ame a eh.'irli'r member of Nieol.i L.ikel.od^'e, l.O.C;. T., and Wiis its lirsl Seeretary; Chief — ' ™ ~^ TiMupl.'ir for three ye;irs siieeessivi'ly : was I,od)je Deputy for four yi'.irs. He has been a member of the Grand Lodjje sinie i88q, and has held oftiee as (iraiid .Marsli.il. \ Liberal in polities, but always a eonsisteiil I'rohibilionisl, he has never yet I'.isl a vole for any eandidale, .iiid does not intend to until one comes out in favor of the total suppression of the lii|uor tiallie. He was the means of liavinj; the Ailvaiued I'rohibition Club formed in B. C, and is a X'iee-I'res.; is a member of the Methodist Ch.; lias taken a prominent part in fi);hlin^ lieeiises, and brin>fin){ amended laws before the l.i'tfislature ; his work has been ehiefly In edue.'ilin^ Ihroun'i the press, and in temper.inee eomniiltees. He was married in September, 1895, lo Maggie K, Woodward, of Nicola. RKV. i;K(1Ri;K F. ILARK, son of Jonas and Mary (Twitchell) ll.irk, w.is born al .Shi|itoii, ^iie., I'eb. J4, 1H17, iiiid M.'is eiliii'ati'il in tlii' sihiiols of Oiihliii, ami Pliillips I'^xeler .\cad.ni>, .\. 11., and gr.idii.'ited from till' l>i\inity Si'liooI of ll.irvaid I'ni- M'isit\ , I'amhriilge, .Mass., ill 184(1. l)r- il.'iini'il ill 1847: III' li.'iil pastor.'ites in several towns of M.ass. ; relireil from till' ministry in 1H8*), .'iiiil ri'siili's al West .\itoii, .M.iss. He joiiii'il the .S. oi T. in 1850, anil thi' I. O. G. r. in 18(10; was elected O. C T. o\' .M.'i ssai'hn- selts in 1861; has lour liiiii's bei'ii elected l"i. C'li.ip- l.'iiii : was Ri'pri'- seiilative to the K. W, CI. Lodge in 1864. In i8i)_T he was appointed I). R. W. C'l. Ti'inpl.'ir for .M;issacliusetls. In 1870 he was one of the Committee c.illiiig the lirsl I'riihibition l*:irty C 'nivi'iilion in M.iss., .-iiiil was two years the Ch.'iiiiii.in of the Stale Co'iimittet'. He w.is the only delegate from Mass. in 187(1 to the .\al. J. 'on. al Cleveland, and for twelve years a member of the .N'.it. Com. from .M.iss. He served thirteen years as Pies, of sevenil County Temp. Societies; is a life member of the .Am. I'liil. .\ss'n, .'iiiil .'dso a mi'inber of several Hisloric'l Societies, .'iiiil the author of the "History of N'oiton, ' and of the "Teiiiper- aiue Keliirm in .Mass.icbuselts '; b;is lectured and written Largely for Prohibition, education, etc.; has been Supt. of Schools in .Men- don, Mass.; married Miss Harriet Emery, of Jaffrey, N.H., in 1847. Al.K.\A\nKK KI.LIOTT is of Siolch-lrisli descent, and was born in the County of Fermanagh, Ireland, October 6lh, tH(x). His father is W m. Kllioll, and his mother was Sarah Wilson. He ri'ccivi'il his eiliica- lion .'It till* public schools ; was a p- prenticed to the ilry-goods business in Kebruary, 1883, .'iiiil c:inii' to Phila- d e I ph i a. Pa., in .A p r i 1, i8i)0. Hi' joined the I.O.Ci.T. in his firteenlh year in Knniskillen, Ire- It'ind, and on com- ing lo Philadelphia I'oniii'cted himself with Pidelilv Lodge of that Oilier. He was Siinerinlendent of Tj.bi.r Juvenile T e m p I e for I wo years, and into Ibis Temple he gathereil boys anil girls, by going from house to liiiuse for the pur- pose, till it reached a membership of sixty-live. He was elected District Superinlen- di'iil of Juvenile Templars for Philadelphia for one year. He is at present District Chaplain of the I. O. Ci. T., also Lodge Deputy of Laird Memorial Lodge. He is a member of Tabor Presbyterian Church, and lakes .m active interest in its Suiid.'iy School work, being a teacher of one of the Bible classes. He is opposed as a temperance nuiii to license of Ihe liquor Ir.'illic, either high or low. He is at any time willing lo speak on the question of temperance in its general aspect, or in favor of Ihe abolition of the rum traffic. He is employed as salesman in the celebrnted establishment of Hon. John Wanamaker. M 'if I I' ROM I HI T ION I.KADKRS «S RKV. BYKON HAVF.I.OCK THOMAS, of Vamunilli, N'.S., I tiri'ii lormanv yi-ars a suiirs-.lnl Haplisl iiiini>li'r, and an ailivf IfnipiTanif lani- — — |Ktt^niM'. Me was born in Soiilli Bav. Si. John Co., N. h. Hi- pnrHiicil hiH Nliidii-s by laUinjf a nial rirul alio n i-onrsi' in \. H. Hap. Si-ni., Ilii-n loralrd In Si. John, \. H., anil in lKH^ t-ntcivil till- .\rtH lOniM' in .'Vi'ailia I'nivtTsiiv, WollVill.-, N. S. tn iHH; hr bi-^jan his rt'jjni.'ii' -vork ;is .-i Haplisi rninistiM'. Oi\ .\pril ,io, iKS<), ht' was niarrifil lo Miss Hfssii- May, tl.'iu^jhUTiil'C. Ilaf- Hson,,M.I'. P. Tlii-y h.'t\t' twin ii:iu>;h- Um's anil onr son in llu'ir honu'. W'hfii i4hfJoint'd Ihv S. of T., and tirsi loiik the Ifnipora nri' u- pl.'ilforni in iMnntu-- lion Willi llii- >{it'.il ScotI Art I'.inipaijfii in\\\'slinorflandCo.,;N. B., whit'h ri'sulli'd suc- irssliilly.in 1HH7. lit' has hoi'n foryt'arsa ('■. T.,and in l^^<)J hi- was tin- rhii-f oflUiMof Ilii- larder in his nativf I'rovimi'. In |K<)1 hi- bc- raini'pastoroflhi- First B.ip. (.'hurrli in .\lhol, Mass.,anil tin- follow- injf yi'iir waslhi-lnl. Chap., I. O. tl. T., for Ihal Slalf. lli- look an ailivi" h.ind in ihi- I'rohihilioii I'loilion i;inipai>;n iIumi- during Ihi- yrar. Ilo isTiowp.islor of Wosl Vannonlh, N'.S., B.ip. L'hnrch.and I'dilsa iminlhly paper in roinii'ilion with liis work, lie is \'.-l'res. of V.irnioulh Co. Temp. Con vent ion, .in Hr.m^renian ( Koyal Siiirlel ), a Forester, ;i member of Teni. of Hon., .111 Odd-Fellow, and a x^ I'r"- hibitionisl. He labors for the total abolition of the drink traffic. MKS. MAKY C. AK.MITACiK. 55 Selby Street, Wesiniouni, Montreal, \h a worthy deseendani of a noble family of leni|M-raiiee workers. Slu- was born in 1H55, near Trenholni, I'roviiiee of \}nebee, a loenl- ily noted as the birthplaee of many prominent women and men of this gen- eral ion. She is the eldest dan);bter of J .lines and Char- lotte Trenholni Diekson, the latter of whom has for in.iny years filled the oftiee of I'rovin- eial Supt. of Work .'imon^ soldiers and volunteer eamps. She was married in iHSj toCi. H. .\rini- la>;e. They h.ive two sons, and it Is their mother's earn- est effort, by ex- ;imple and teaeh- iiijT, 10 train them np .IS Prohibition voters and workers in the Kf'""' eonlesi whieh must yet be fou),'ht out ;it the |H)IIs to Ihoroutfhlv prohibit the lejfalized drink traflie in the Dominion of Canada. She has been a zealous \V. C. T. C. worker sinee its inlrodiution in her loeality, having been an oftieer in .Montreal "Western' I'nion sinee its or>rani/alion. She is .1 member of the Methodist Church, .ind ;ilso a zealous Christian Kndeavorer. In whatever orffanizalion or position she has been placed "she bath done wh.it she could " in the cause of tlod .iml humanity. I'nder a nntn dv ftluiiie she is .1 rejfiilar conlribulor lo ;i popular Can.idian monthly m.ijf.izine ; she wields a jfraceful .iiul ready pen. Canada is mucii indebted lo it.s zealous women for the promotion of il.t best reforms. MKS. M. A. ll.MC.H, V>. S., Juvenile Templars of Ohio, w.is bom in Claridon, O., Feb. jj, 1H58. Her father, Stephen Tucker, was a farmer, ami enlisted as a soldier in the Cnion .\riny, in the Forty-First Michi>;an rcjfiment, serving nearly four years, and li'avin>f his family much lo the protect injf care of the Indr ns in their I'rontit home at I hat time, and well Ihev kept llu-ir promise lo jjiiard both the family and the farm. He re- turned and died soon .-ifler. .\ son soon followed him lo the Kr.ive, ana they lest side by side at tlreenville. The familv returned to the Western Re- serve, Ohio, .\fter that time she w.is , thrown much on her __. I own resources, for years, depending on her own ener>;y. She was reared a Presbyterian, and was a regular atlcndant of the Sunday School. For years past she^has been an active member of the M. E. Church. Her sympjithies have ever been much drawn out in behalf of the younjf, always desir- iiiK' to speak a kindly word or do a kindly act, especially towards those wlii> have not had the ailvantajjes of >food lrainin)r or of com- fortable homes. She has been an ardent temperance worker and Prohibitionist for years, desiriiiff to help hasten the day when the leffalized drink traffic shall be removed from the land. She is an office bearer in the W. C. T. U. and the G. T. , and was a mem- ber of the Int. Sup. I.odjfe .Session, held in Pes Moines, Iowa, in 1893. Her home is 311 Washington Street, Steubenvllle, Ohio. CIIAKI.F:S W. MiCAIN was born I")ec. .vd, 1H66, in Port Colborne, Ont. .As soon as .ine would permit he became a, mem- ber of the C. T. In the e.'irly sprinj; of iSKH yoimj; McC.iin scr.'iped ti>)^elher bis earthly posses- sions .'Old sl.'irted for the fair Province bey*>'id the Rock- ie.s. Arrivinjf in X'anC'.niver he be- en mi" ctinnected with ihe I.O. C..T., and was soon an official member of the lirand Lodge ot British C'olumbia. He is also asso- ciated with the Sons t>f Temper.'ini'e, be- ing at Ihe present lime .1 member of the Cirand Lodge of that organiza- tion. It is Mr. Mo- Cain's intention, we learn, to shortly make an extended tour, visiting and addressing the tem- perance lodges of his own and other Provinces. In 189J, when the Hudson Bay Comp.iny's famous " Beaver "-—the first steamship lo .Ameriea, and the first on Ihe Pacific — went to pieces near Vancouver, McCain gained a lasting name for himself by securing a large quantity of the ship's copper and bronze and issuing a pat- ented .souvenir medal made of this historical metal. In his "History of the S. S. Beaver,"- a neat little volume of one hundred pages, — he gives a thrilling description of his last trip to tile wreck, on which occasion his companion was drowned, while his own escajH" trom the same fate was indeed strange. 66 PROHIBITION LEADKRS. t • t : r -. 1 ■ i RKV. WILLIAM KHNNKDV HKinV\, A. M.. P. D., .>!" rnioiiti>wii, Pa., in a highly riluiatril Ii>iii|h>i.'iiu-i- .itul C'lirislian wt»ikrr. I If i'iiUt- cil ihf miiii»»irv ot tlu- M. K. Cluiivli ill iK^(), anil niarrit'tl Miss Martha Mr- i Irlliitt in iHsK, wtiii I) .1 s |)i>(' n a hi'lp- niiTl inilri'il to him in all his \vi>i'k. I It' t'oni innrJ lu-r in . .>llf^M- till iMii: pl.ufil luT on Ihf |Mit>lii- plallorin in i.M»4, hfin^ llu>r- >n- ti'iition tor rij^-hts. II,- a*lvisril Mrs. C .kIv Stanton, in iS a n J ol lu'r ri' tor ins than by ilirt'il i'ffi>rt. Mr was very smivsstiil in his lahois and tinaiuial plans tor L'hitrrti work Kast ami in Cincinnati. Whilf lahorinj; in that city in iHHj lu' was lallrtl to llu- I'ri'sliK'iu y ot XW-sli-yan C'i>l- lojfi'; lu* )u>lil that position U'ti yoars verv suiHt'ssl'nlK , and dnrin^j; that tinu' assisii'il in sofiirin^ $7(),(K)0 tor its debt. Hi* is now Dran otTwin \'allry C'olU'^r, ot which his sun is I'lfsidrnl. IK* was inti- matfly tdi'iilitu'd with Ihr ;^in ot'lhi' Prohibition Party movcnu'iit, ^ivinj^* it its nanu', aiul tlu> priiu'ipU* ot' woman s sntTra^o. Hi' has advoi'ati'd its ransf in many Stales. IK- also ^;avi' tin- Proliibilii>n Alliatui' nuu'h vahiablr iO-i»pi'ralion. I If is thr author ol""Sirip- tural Status of Woman ' anil "CMitu't)iii,'H/' two v.'duablt' works in defenre ot" his libi-ral intorpri'latioris. MRS. SAKAM L. I)I\KK, a wry smvfssfnl (*.. T. worki-r. was born at .\\>rth Amhfrsi, O., June ji, 1 841), and I'dm-ati-d at North Amhi'rst and l^bfrhn. Sho ji>ined thi' l.>rdi'r of'li. T. April I-*, 18(14, •"^** h.is ln*iMi aitivf in pronufliii);' tlu* in- tt-ri'sts o( its I'.'iust* fvi'r sini'f. SIu* is now srrvinjf hfr fijjhth \ i-ar as Snpt. of Cii>ldt'n Li^bt Ti'mplf of Juvi'iiilt' Ti'inplars. Shi* was at ono tinu* (iraiul Supt. of JuviMiilf Ti'mplars tor hi-r Stati', and llnou^h luT I'arni'st t'tVorts (ify Ti'inplfs wiMV or- ^ani/fd and many ilormant onos ri'- snsfi t a I I'd. Shf visiti'd tlistrirts and lod^'i's, and lu* lil nii'ftin^fs in many loralitifs tn the pro- motion of thf work. Slif was I'ri'sidt'nt of thi' State Juve- nile Institute for 1893, and~durin>c Iior adminisiratitMi. with the hearty eo-operation of the sisters and brothers, the Institute tlebt was paid otT and new membership added. Thifc times she eireu- lated petitions a>^ainst (he saloons in the little \ illai^e oil Prairie Depot, which resulted each lime in a vote of the citizens. .Aided by her husband and sons and prominent citizens on the side of ** God and Home," a majority vote was obtained and an ordinance passed. Violators were arrested and prosecuted, and the saloons wer>e closed. She is a graduate of the class of iK<)4 in the G. T, course of study. She is a worker in the Church and a leader in concerts and entertainments, especially amoni^ the children. The seed thus sown in prayer and faith will yet brinjf forth much fruit. I i>i'j);iiiaitir>< of llu- I'roliihilion I'.irly in"iW)H, 111 " Siipprfss><;<' Ir.illli \vi>im'tj. ' X'ntiii^ br^an iti litMial [*i'i>)iit>i(ii>ii Alliatu't', MKS. MAKTIIA MtCl.Kl.l.AN HKDUN. o( 10J4 Ui->l.v Hvciuif, Ciiu'innali, l).,l)ii lor many years our ol lIu' pruiiii- II (* II I A Ml !■ r i 4 a n 'l'i'iii|U'raiu r and , W'itiiiaii SiiH'ra^c atUot'alrs, Slu' is a iiativr ol Halli- inotf, llu- will' 111' U. K.lliown.n.l)., , and tilt' iiiollu-r ot J -.ix rliildi'i'ii, livi- o( A w Ihiiii wort* hiirn ^^m and t*iliu-atril siiii'i' ^^r\ slu' si('|i|M'd upon ' ' llir piililii' pl.ilt'orni in Plli tailfl pliia , |H()^, iiilt'odiii-fil )i\' John IMionxli. Ilrr si'liolarship, (-ilitor- sliip, proli'ssorsliip, aiul 1 1> a d (* r s h i p I'lii'ilfil n II u s n a I lilli's (Voni I'l-niisyl- \'aiiia i-oiU'^ft's. Slu» dfiliiu'd llu- Stall- Snprrinli-ndi-iuy ol pnhlii' si'hotils ol' Pi-tinsvlvanla in iSHo for till- I'lolii- hition i-ansf. Slu- was on** i>f 1 lu- ll! llu- two primipli-s , aiul t-i)ual stains ol M(m). Slu- was Snri-lary of tin- \a- ul during; that tinu- lalli-d anil i-oii- diu'ti'd two inflni'iitial lOiivi-nlions in \i-w ^■ork, iKSi, t'liiratfo, 1HH2 at wliiili wi-ri- iniitod llu- various I'aiiions of llu- rt-forni in llu- coiinlry. Slu- has lii-i-n siuii-ssfnl in I'l. T. work. Slu- was Ci. \V. C. T. of Ohio, snpp.ooo nu-nilM-rs and 10,000 voli-rs wlii-n llu- >frt-;il C'rns.nli- .ippoarril. She lO-opi-r.ili-d with Or. Dio l.i-wis ill llu- I'onvi-nlion at Columliiis, O., in l''<'li., 1H74, whirli n-snlli-d in llu- Slali- W. C. T. V . Slu- wiis also oiu- of llu- proji-i-- lorsoftlu- Nalional W.t'. T.l'., al Cli.iiil.impia Assi-ndily, in 1H74, KKV. SA.Ml'KI. II. I'lVlTKU, of K i.j;oi-s, N. J., was born Si-pl. 14, iS^j, at Hij,jlitstt>wn, .Mt-ri'c-r t'ti., N. ]., llu- t-kK-sl si>n of'CliarK-N M. and M.'ir>f;»rct Potti-r. Ill- In-lonjfs 10 llii- wi-ll-knowii I'olli-r faintl\- ri;tl i-;iini- froiii l■!n^land -n Ih" i-arly pari of llu- si'venti-i-nl h i-t-n- tnry. Ili- w.is i-dii- oali-il :il Pi'ililit- In- sliliili-, in his ti;ilivi- lown, .inil .11 Hr.iiii- t-ril Instilitli-, C'ran- biny, \. J. Ill- w.is ir.iri-d ill till- I'ri-s- li\lt-ri:in Chnri'h, but convi-rtt-il in ihi- M. K. (."liinvli, in I'on II t' i- 1 i o n with ^v h i I- li 111- ,ifli-r- wards i-nli-rt-il tlu- ininistr)', in obi-- ilii-iu't- to a rl-l'o^■- iii/i-d I'all of (lod. Ill' w;is ri-i^nl.'irlv ordaini-d by Bishop r'osli-r, in Trrnton, N. J., Marih i,?lh, |H«7. Ill- pri-ai-hfd sovrral yi-ais in I .iiiral anil W i-'.l.rn N. ^■. willi ai-ii-plani-i' and snii'i-ss. l-ati-r on lu- i-nti-n-d llu- I'ri-sbyli-rian Chiirih, prcft-rrin^j its iMilily, and bi-lii-vin>f lu- nii){lil thus bi- mori- nsi-fiil. Mi- was oriffinally a Rt-piibliian in politirs, bnt since 1HH4 he has bt-i-n a I'rohibilioiiist, and has bi-i-n doinxall lu- fan by pi-rsonal int1m-n<-i-, voii-i-, pursr, and ballot, to advanri- thi- inti-rt-sl of what lir is con- viiu-t-d is a riffhti-ous rauso. Hi- di-livi-rs ti-niporaiu'i- addresses, prearhes on the subji-it, and writes in its behalf. He re^fards the liijuor Iralfie as the urealest enrse of modern limes, and believes "it oiiuhl to be ontlawed." From the time of bis conversion, he has been affiliated with varions temperance organizations, and bids them God-si>eed in their noble work. ■4 PkOHIHinON I.KADF, RS. «7 JOHN (i. WOOI.I.RY w.'is Horn n\ Ciilliiis\iII»', l>hi*», I'l-h. 15, 1K50. Mis talluT. I'M wilt f. Wo.ilK'V, is *>( Kn^flisli ili-siini. ;ii)il his iDDllu'i', l'!ti/;itTrt h I liiMliT, a wotn.iii n( t'Xlranr- (linary k'**'** '** '■^^ S*i»l*li- 1 rish tif- srciil, aiul \vt)aU-\t>r it( purliN , ^larr aiiil pa I lios the II t>ii. Join) it. Woollrv lias, riMiirs from Ins inoiliiT. Ml* >;tatlii- att'il Irotti llu' l>hii» W'l'sli'van l.'olt*');t' in iHp .went alit oail, anil on his iiHurn cnli'iril ihf law Jc- partnu'iii dI llu' I'lii- \iTsily iti Mithi^an. Mt- vvas aiiiMitU'il lo i1m- Har in 187^ in tlu- Supri'int' tomt t>r Illinois, al'lfr a iimsi Itr iiliani cxani- iiialion. AtU'T toui' vrais prailiif he ri'nii>\*'il In Miinu'- a|Htlis, fiUiTiii); Su- prt'nu' Court prar- tin*, anti ht'i-otnin^ Slatt's Alti>rnt'y nntl tlu' It'adin^ lawyer in all tiinniial rasrs. Ml' was ailiinttcd lo llu* Bar in Ihr Snprtini* lonrt oi' llu* I iiilt-tl StaU*s in iSSt' Sj^.o^mi p»*r Vi'ar to tt'-fnt»*r Ir^^al prai'tiii'. Ilfwas niarrii-il in 1^7.^ (t> Mary Vrronita, tlau^■htt'r of Dr. M. (ii>i hanlt, and has thri-f very proniisinj;; s*nis, I>r. Josi'ph ttutk says i>f' him: *'John li. U'oollfy is an orator i>l' WiHult'rt'ul powrr, sonu>whal lvsl>lnhlin^' Jolm M. (toui;li in his vivid anil drainatii- styli*. ' A tViriul sa\s: ** Mf has ih*' I'X**- ^^ftital j^rnins ol' an F. W. Ki>h*'rlson, rhi- srhnlarlv sivU* ol a Sunnu'r, llu* statrsmanliUi* instinit ol a C'»lHd?*ti>iU', and llu* Irar- li'ss drlivi-ry iif a IMiillips."' MKS. M'C'V Tlll'KMAN, ol Jaiksonvillo. Miih., National Supl. ol' W. i". *r. r. w trk a?iu»n^ ri»lotttl proplr, was ln>rri al l)shawa. i>nt., l^rl. - -J- ,^ -_ „.,„__„ — I j^ i**.S^' Shristhi' ^*V *^'-*'' ' I (laujfhtorofWilliam Smith and Calhar- im* Caniphi'lt. Mor parents wiTt* rt»l- ort'd, tioth born in thr l*riuinvr*»f Ow' tarii> ; thry now ro- siilf i n Jai'ksoii, Miih. A leading Amt*rii-an nr w*»- j papiM' says she in ' " *>nr i»r till' ablt'sl spi-aki-rs i>t* luT laii*. ami ihi* first i-oliiffil woman who ever sal in a Na- tittnal 'lVni|H'rani'iT C iHivrntiiin," She led horn** when a )l\v\ o\' se venle en, iti-termineil \tnelhin>c 1*^'' t'le elevaliiui i>l' her rai'e. Al Roihes- ler, N. v., she in<'t ; Dr. \Vm. WeIN Hrtnvn and Kred- i- riek Di»ii);lass, hiilh then leailin^; ?nen ol" their raee. They reeojfni/etl the ability ol llu- hri^^hl voimj;^ woman and si-i-nreil (or her a siluuO in Mary- lanil, whiih shr taught for three Vi-ars. Then she leetureil for a linii*. and li?ially went ti» Jaeksi>n, Miih., where she married Mr. Thnrman. Slu* has alwavs hi't*n an a!»stainer. When she learned of" the Winnens C'nis.ide in Tiileili), O., in 1^7^, she went ihero, antl went tt) a nuetin^; with lu-r b.abe in her arms, and made an i*Kti|nenl pli*a fi>r work amon^ her people. Slu* was urj^eil inli» llu? publie wt)rk, arui has hi't-n at it e\i'|- sinee. Thronffluntt theSonth and everywheri' she lias lu-fii well reeeived. She attended llie )freat \Vi>nu*n's L'i>n vent ion in I''n);lanil in i>*<).V MKS. ANNA S. HKNJ AM IN, one of tlu- hi*si kiuuvn and sue- cessful i>f the \\ . C". T. I'. wt>rk*'rs, was born in Nia>;ara L"i>., N. V., a ilan);hter of Klon .1 n il i.' a t h a r i n e Snreeil. She was eihu'ateil al I'nitin Siluu>i, l,i>i*kpi>rt, ami (ieiu'si'i* C"ol- lej^e, iu>\\ S\i"aiiise l.*ni\t*i'sit\ . Slu* is a iiuirlu'r i>f the M. K. I'lniri-h, :hu1 of t !u* Pri>hi bit ion Tarty. Slu- has been an aitivi* tem- peraiu'i- worki-r for many years, es|H*- iiallv in i'i»nneitii»n with' (hi- w.t . r.r. nupvernent. She is the National Snpt x>{ thf Si-luu.l l^t -Meihoils .K\n\ Tar- liamenlary l's:iy;e, and alsd Presiilont K^\' the Stale W. L*. r. I', oi Miihik^-an, ami alsi> I'resiilt'ui y^\' I'ifth Disiriel. She has meupieil the last nanu'il posi- tion for sixteen ei>nseentive years. Shi' wasjilso"] Stale 'Viee- PresiiU'nt for sixteen vears previous lo beinjf eleetetl Presi- dent. She is an ; ble and eonvineinjf spoaker, and has been a platform advotale o\' the lemperaiue laiise and the total aboli- tii>n i>t the saloon, ami of the entire ilrink (ralVu- for the past ei^^hleen y*'ars. She has also been a {Hipular ei>ntribuli>r to the press in behalf of the )jfreal reform aiul similar nutvenu-iUs in the eause of (iod ami hnni.inity. The*\Vonu'ns Christian Temper- anee Cnii>n. the teniperani-e eausi*, ' the ( Prithibition nuive- nu-nl, and the Christian Chureh, all have*a warm friend and he.'irty e»>-wes not [jjrowj^ weary in this well-diiinj;. CAI'T. J. M. UnVllKV. of Kitihe\. Mo., a well-known tem- pt*ra!U'e wi»rker antI bnsitu'ss man in his liH'alily, was born in Southwest Mo. , ^ ._ ^\„^. H, ,H36. flis parents were M. M, Kilehey antI Mary- Kin^. They were pioneers in a new eounlryand in pt)or cireumstanees. He was biirn in a small lo>^ house, and at that linu* there was mil a mill or ;i post- ofVu-e within a Inm- ibvd miles i»f the plaee. He is the oiliest native-born eiti/en now in the ei>unty, and lives within a sti>ne's throw iif his hirlh- plaee. He was edu- eateil in I he ei^unty loj^- si'hool house of tlu'loealily. He has bi-fii Iwiee married; first to Miss C. D. I.o^an, of I.iiu'oln Co., Tenn. , who died at Springfield, Mi>., durin>^ 1 he war, and then to Miss M. I.. Wills, i»f Nesho, in iH<»(>. Sinee man- homl he has bren en);aj;eil in stin*k-tradin>f, milling, nierehan- dizinj,'', atul i>lher pursuits. Ili» is a nu'inber of the I. O. O. K. .ind the Masons. Poliiii-ally, his first vote was east for Sti'phen A. Dou>;lass, but he left liis i>lil p.'o'ty and joined the Prohibitionists from a sense of duty to iiod aiul his fellownuMi. He has been an aetive nu'inber *»f a munbfr of important l*rohibition Ci>nventions, ami si-rved as onei>f tlu* aetive oflieers, and eireulaled petitions and i>r^ani/ed liualilies in behalf of the movenu'nt. His work for the ^reat refi»rm has been on the lines of personal arg-ument and per- suasion, example, and liberal donations to tlu* cause. rROHIBITION LEADERS. I MENRY \V. WtLRl'R wah btmi in Kaiilim. Wa-hinKtmii o.. N. v., May 15. iH^i. Mv in n nu>inh<*r of l\w S»h irt\ .»f KririuK. H) 111 pa I hf I It a 1 1 y ; , Hiiil ai'livcly inlfr- t*M«>«l in ihf ah»»li- Itoii nut\(*nu*nt. and Ihr b*iy wa-* rrariHl in a iclttiin alnu>«- pluTi*. I II I Mr OMT iMtMlty JlMf*, aiul is also a prar- liial printer, lit* has iu'\<'r la si ('it ■ ilcoluihi- liiftiors in any lorni. anil has .ilwa\s b«H*n a IVo- hihiliiMiist in princi- pli*. anil a |H*hit(-al voting Prohibit i»»ii- ist lor ti'ii vi'.'i He was unanimously noniinatcil l'ortiovt'nu»r *>l N'rw Jrrs^'y by ihr Prohibition Parly in Juiu*. i>h)5, aiul stuinpt'il llu* Stalf, making oviT sixty sjH't'ttu's. Ill' is 11, 'I'., thi* lu>ail i»lhi'i*r ot tlu* ii. 1". in N**w JiT-Sfy. Mr. Wilbur is now, aiul lias Ih-cii siiut* iS*»i. rilil*»r of '*Tht' l>ullot>k," a wi-rkly Prohibition pa(H'r piihlishril at \'inf- lanil. Ill* is ivri»^fni/i'il as a nowspapt'r wrilfr ol loui' ami ability, and as a platt'orni H|H>akiM' is li>^it'al, lorifl'ul and cloipu'iit, a|>|X'al- in)f to thr ivason aiul jud^nu'iit i»f" his lu*ar**rs. lit* was married in iHHo to KH/.a M. Sowlr, and is ihi* tathrr ol lhi»*f b*n s. Aldus. William P., and John Kiiuh. I lis taihcr aiul inotlu'rarc b«tlh living, and on Novi*mbi*r bth, iHt>5, i-i'lobratt'i,! thrir ^oldi'ii wedding. MARY K. BROWN HAINES was luiin in a Iok ^abin in AdaiiinCo., liul.,dau>(htoror Kphraimand Maria Sturjffon-H.own, hot li natives of -1 i^hio. Slu*m"iMVi*d nu»st ot' her eduea- lion at (he publie and hi>;li sihtH»ls t»f C"*'nt reville, Ind. I laviiifif taught s«*v- eral terms su*vess- fully, she marru'd J. C Haine*i. a \'ir- >finian. in iHyi. In the sjtme year ihey went to Kansas, st'tllin^ i>n land. At the tirst seluH»l- I meeting; i»f the dis- I triet. held in their hoiisi> , she w a s nineh surprised I o see women vot *■ , hut on reas«>niii^ eoiu'liided it was ti^ht. In 1K79 Mr. and Mrs. Haines re- moved to Aug^usta, the former engajf- Iin^ in the)(niinand eoal business. In ~ - I iK8,lheW.C\T.l'. was or^^ani/ed in AujfUNta; Mrs, Haines was elerled Cor. Seey. Later she heeame Sery. for Butler Co. ; was two voars Seey. for the l-\»urlh Con- ffressional nistriet, and has been iov the last seven years its Pres. She represented Kansiis at the National W. C. T. C Convention at Denver^ and worked to seeure niunieipal sulVrajje for women, an Industrial Sehool at Beloit for >;i''ls, and aided in having^ the a)(e of consent raised. She travelled iiuessanlly for six months in the woman suffrajje amendment eampai>fii t>f Kansjis in iS<>4, ^ivin^ addresses and Bible readinj^^s, and or^anizin^j; Amendment Cam- paif^n Clubs. Sinee its defeat she eontiimes to jifive leelures IIIuh- trated with the stereopttcon. She has two sons and two daughters. MRS. KMII.IK INOKRHILI. lU RC.KSS. i«f lli^hland-on- Ihe-lliulstm. \. \., a National leelurer of the \\ . i.' . V. I'., is a leiiipeiaiii I' noiker whose reput at uni Is well established r h r o II ^ h tMi t t he tiMintr\. She was lutrn in Westehester li>ui»t\ . N. ^'.. the d.i n^ li t et o I I li e llon.K.MittI I'ndei- hill. She entered I lie work when very \ oiiii){,aiullias been 111 some SOI I t>l tem- pera iwe work alt liei life. She was ten years an iitlieer in ilii* \\»'stthesti'r W. I . T. I'., and has h e e n I e n v e a r s Pt't*siilenl oi l'Ist*'r < .Miiiiy w. i". r. r. Iler luisband was llie late Thoinas II. Ihirm'ss, who tlied t h t e** yea rs a >;i», ami who rejiUi'ed in her exrellent >(ills. I 1 " I\»>f el luT I hey Wiilkeil llu pleasant palliwa\s of those who share life s greatest j^ift a Christian's lu>me. ' Ueeeiilly she has K*en I'alleil u|H>n to pass throu^^h another ^reat aniirlion llu* lossi»f a pure and mtj»Ie bo\ . wlu> was brou^:hl home siek of lyphoid fever, anil wlm ilieil after weeks oi a lerrible illiu*ss. Mrs. Marv A. WtHxIbridj;*", of L'liiia^o, wrote : " Mrs. Mui>;ess has a rarely elear intellei t, as well as kiuiwled>j:e iei|uisite \o the siieiessful piirsuanee (>f Prohibition work. She makes sha*'p points, with ph'asiii); wil or sanasin, aiul willial, eanies her atulii'iu-e to her own eoneltision ihroii^h her imanswetahle !t>^ie and pi-rsiiasive ar^umenls. She leitiiii's, not only lui lem)HTanee, but on tlu' literary and >feiu'ral subjeets of the day. KKY. r. R. .Ml N.\IK was born at Seaview C"otla>;e, Seieeii, Sli^o, Ireland, IVe. j-', 1H41). His father, Siimuel MrNair, Ksq.. formerly o( Sli^-o, wlu> lunv resides in I lauiilli>n,l.)nt.t was deseemti'il from a hniy; liiu- oi' lu>nor- a hi I' a n e e s 1 r y , whose family iresl w.'is a nu'rinaid sil- ting; on a rot'k in Ihe si-a ei>tnhin< her hair atui holding a nurror in her left hand. Mis mother, Aline Irwin, daiij^:h- ter ol Colonel John L. Irwin, Taurejfoe, whose faintly di*- steiuled from Kry- uin Abellmae, slep- lalher of Duiuan, Kin).f of Seotland, were privileged to use tlu' erest, llu* h.iiul ^''''''^pi'iK' '')*' huiuh of thistles, with nu»llo, ** Nenui nu' impinu* laees- sil." He entered the Methodist min- istry in tSyi. He ntarried Miss .Adeline Watt, ilaujfhter of James Watt, Ksi|., St. Marys, formerly of tjuebee eity. I le has been for a seore of years one of the most aetive, proiniiuMil and sueeessful workers for Pro- hibition in Ontario. He staiuls hi>;h in otbiial leitiperaiue work. He was (iraml Chaplain, Co-and Trus., ami in iKSt) and iHcjo was Grand Coun. i»f the Out. Cirand Coun., K. T. of T.; was the Hrst Dom. Supt. i>f C.ulel Templars, atui afterwanls Cirand Supt. of Cadets for Onl.; has represented his t'onfereme in the Oom. Alli- anee, and was several times representative of his Cirand Council to the Dominion Council. Clear, forcible and convincin^^asa s|H>aker, he is a trusted and trustworthy leader of the temperance forces. PR OH I HI riON I.KA DKKS IliKhluiul-on- I . 1. I'.. i» ii I* It* put a 1 1 on •II i-laliliohi'd iikIkoiI till' ry. Slu- w«s M WVslllll-sIlT l\. X. v.. 111.- ; III IT 111 I hr U.M.iltl'iuUr- Sill' I'llllTCll uik ttlifii very <,ailllllilS JHH'II iir soil III liMii- iiii- wmk nil Ii'. Shi' wa^ti-n I ail iirtiiiT in 1 I'sUlu'HltT W. . v., ami Irnx 1 I r II y !• a r s ili'MI 111' I'lslrr ly W . I . T. r. husliaiul was lU' riiiMiias M. f>s, who iltt'il I* yi'a rs a ^;o, villi ll'jllilTll ill 'xrt'lU'iil K'"i* ^' fill IT llu-y i-tl llu |iliMsanl Aays ol" iluisi' Kiiciilly sill' .illlii'liiin (III' su-k 111 (vplu'iti s. Mis! .Maiv ss has a larrly tlu' SIK-I-I'ssl'lll |i points, willi Itlit'lli-C 1(1 luT Miil pt'i'siiasivi' 11', liiit on till' p|la(,'i', SiriTii, M.Nair, Ksq., ly of Slijfo, luuv ri'sitlt's in iin,l>iit., was ilnl from a III' ol' lioiior- a II i- 1' s t r y . t'.iniily iTt'sl nu'nnaiil sit- I a rof-k in tlu* milling luT tul liolilin^ a ill lu'r It'l't His iiuilluT. win, daii^li- I'oloiu'l John I. Taiirrjior, raniily (It'- ll iVoni Kry- irlhii.'ii', sti'p- iil DiiiU'.'iii, il Siiitlaiul, pri\iii'j;i'il til cri'st, till" ^raspinj^ llu* of lliistli's, >M>i, "Nemo ipinu' lai*t»s- llc I'lltlTl'll ihoilisl inin- 1 1.S71. lit- 111, Ksi|., St. I'll' of yi'ars kiTs for I'ro- cniiuf work. mil iH<)o was w.is till" first mil Snpl. of Dom. Alli- nil t'oniu'il 111 as a s|H'aker, nil- furcus. H.WIi) l'KKSTl>\ was bom in Mariiii>n\, ■\. N'., Si'pl. jn, iHjd. His |Kiii'lll> IK.' I'h.iiilaiiipia i'o.t .) I>a\i(l aiiil An'a rti'sion. Hr was ('(Inc. I ti'il in t h i' ( (iiiiniiin s ( h 00 I s .111(1 at the \( .iilcniv It Wi'slli.'ld, N. V. Hr Weill to Dflroit til iH^K as a hank (Icik, anil in iH^i cinhaiki'il in liank- III); on his own ai'- i-oiint, .Hill iiiari'ii'il (III* s ,1 III I' V r a I Jane K. Hawk, of k. iiinicaiK, I'. Ill' linih lip l.it'^c li.ink- ill^ (■Sl,-|lll|s|||||('|l(S in l>('(i(ii( anil I'lii- c.'i^o. I Ic h('('aiiii' a i-iinspi('(ioii-. Ii>{iiri* III l>(*(i'oi( and Mi(-h- i^aii .Mi*( hod isiii, was r(*iiiai'!iali|i* \\yt' his d(>i'pl\ I'l'li^ioiis life, .'Kill l.'ivish in his nifls (11 icli^i- oiis, ('li.'iril.'ihli' .'iiiil ciliK'.'ilidii.'d inslitii- ( ions, disii-iliii(iii;r iipwai'ils i)i $ioii,- ixKi in his lifi'-iiinc. I>iiiiii^; (he war he was.iii oIliciT of (lie Miili- iffaii hrancli of the l. S. lln istiaii Idiniiiission, .iiid 111 iX-i-;.' I'ri'sidi'iit of the nclniit N'. M. I'. A. He w.is a siniii); Kcpiihliiaii until I'rohiliilion took a polilii.il Hiiii, wlicii he joined the new In 1KH4 he W.IS the rrohihilion nominee ii^aii, .'iiid r.'in 4,(hhi .'iliead ol his tii'ket. II worker in the loeal ((iiitest for .1 Idnstilnlioii.il I'lohibilion .\iiieiid- iiieiit in 1HS7, anil was «*verywlu*ri* .it the he.iil of the battle. His death, April .•4, iHHy, w.is iio doiibl hastened by the sir.iin of this work upon his svsteiii, and his disappointnient .it ilele.il. The .Miihijfaii '•I'lirisiian .\dviiiate ' said : "Tlu* temper.iiui' Mielii);.iii has I01I Its niiisl iiiHiiential and dovoled frionil, 1(1. MKS, , Ind., I.ll IM>A KISIIFR SIIKKMAN w»» b.iri> in I'nrke Oei. Mill, 1H47. Her paieiils were ,\lfri*d Kishci .mil party. In MiehiLran, Cliivi'rnor of was .'i tireless 'ause m he .MISS .MAKIKITA S.MITII was born in the St.ile of Ohio, niid eduealed in llu* publie sehools of the Sl.ite. She was siie- cessfiil .'IS a teaeher of public si-luiols ill I'ickaway and Ross L'oiinl ies of t h e Slate eighteen yc.'irs. .Shi* is at present en^.'i^eil in teai'bin^ a privali* school of steno- graphy. She was initiateil into L'h.-ir- it\ l.odije. No. 48^, I. IV C;! T., liicU- \illi*, i^hio, in Jiilv, |SS<(, ;iiul w.'iselei't- cd Uecorilinj^ Si*c\ . of tlu* s.'inie loil^e ill .\pril, iSi)i, wliieh office she n o w lioltls. Slie is \'ice- 'rcinpl.'ir ot' till* I ith District, liulepi*iiil- ent larder of Clood Teinplais, having; held the ollice Iwd years. She w.as initiateil into tlu* (■i.'inil l.odffe, lii- ilepeiulenl t>rdi'r ol Uoiid Templars, IVceiiibi*r Stb, iS<)j, ;,iid was appointed i'l. H. M. (if the Order on October is'l'i I'^'H' ' '"' de)fri*e of the liilern.-ilional Supreme l.oil^e w.'is eonfi*rr(*d upon her iin Octo- ber i.stli. l>^^■ .Slu* was initi.'ited July, i><'i4. into llu* Woman's Relief Corps, auxiliary lo the t'nand .\rm;, ol the Republic, and W.IS appointed C'lirrespondiiiK Secy, of the Orvler, lioldiii); the same position up to djili*. Slu* w;is ;ippointi*il colli'ctor of the Anti-.Saloon l,(*aj;ue of Circleville, t>liio, Nov. iilh, iSi)4, and is still serving in that iitlice. In ri*li^ion she is .-in l''piscopali;in ; an e;inu*st zeidous worker of the t'hurch and Sabbath .School, and eng-a^ceil .also in the inission work iif the eitv* in which slu* ri*sides. Kesiilence, l*ick:iw.'iv Slreet, t'iri'leviHe, y'>liio. p(*raiice leaching' in the scluuils, .iiid Kli/.ibelh .\lli*ii, pioneers of Indianu irom l>liio. She vm% (*il(iiated at the dis- irut SI luKil in liei native pl.'ice, and ;li the idea was lirsl pui forward in derision by a w hiskey man. The women iiHicer» in- aUK^iirateda new order of thiiij;s. She has lilleil theorticesiif W. C. r. I'. 111. Siipt. of temperance teaching in Sabbath Schools, Treas. andl'res. of Shawnee I'o. W.C'.T. I'., and l>is. Siipl. for the "I'nion- Siifiial' and "t>iiiMi'sseii>Ci*r, " still doin^ elVective press work. She is a woni.'iii siillra^jist. .\ member of tlu* I'i(*sbyier 11 t'hiirch.sbe has held sever.d ollices in its ladies' societies. Her husband served in the I'ivil W.ir. Their family consists of one son and two dun);hlvr!i. RKV. THKODORK I.KPVARn l IVI.KR, I). I>., of Hrook- lyii, .\. v., is one of the best known ;iiul highly res|H*eted ministers, writers and teinjier- jiiice workers in .America. He was born ill .Aurora, N. v., Jan. luth, tHi2, .'ind graduated from Princeton C'ollejfe in 1K41. The fol- liiwiiiff year be vis- itt*d Kuropt* and madi* his first public speei'h in (ilasjfow, Si-otlaiul, on tlu* same platform with l-'allier .Matliew, the jfre.it R. C". Teni- peraiu'e ApoHtlo. He has been also for many years an iiitim.'iti* frii*nd >'iiid co-worker with the Hon. Neal Dow and nearly i'll the other leading . -uporance workers on both ciintiiients. He was priiminenlly idenli- lied with the S. of T. for years, and was at one linn* it.s G. \V. P. for New Jersey. He was also Chairman of Ihe I'robibilion Committee for Ihal State. He took an active part, in 1S54, in Ihe election of the lion. Myron H, Clark, the only Prohibition Ciovemor ever elected in N. ^■. State. He is a iion-partisan Piiihibilionist. He was one of tlu* fduiulcis of llu* National Tein|x'ranee and Publi- calioii Soe., anil was foi several years its Pres He is one of the best known temper.'! ni't* wiiti*rs;ind ;iiilhors now l:»'injf, having eon- Iribuled over 4,(X)o articles I •• leadim; journals and published 14 vol- umes. Me was about 50 year-. .1 leadin^i^ Presbyterian minister, .ind never s|K'nt one Suiulay in a sick bed in that time. He resijfned in lH<)o because of a^e and enleriu on bis ' Ministry-al-largc." 70 PROH I lUTION LEADERS. HON. ABRAHAM A. HARKKR was l>oin iti l.ovfll. Oxlonl Co., Mo., Maivh ^^o, iSid, ami rrfi'ivi'd a i-mnmoii mOiooI filiiv'a- t ion. \\c Inraiiu* inli'icsttul in llu' lrin|HTanro ra usi- wlu'n a hoy, ami joint'il tlif V.\»n^ii'- L;alional L'luiirli in iS^j. A total :ih- staiiii-r alt Ins lift', takini^ an a il i \ «* part with I Ion. jas. \p|iU'Kr I ho M a i n i- I ;i w. h o alsii look a Ii*ailin;^ p.it't in llu' ahohtii>n t insi', a lul joinoii I lio I h iiil pa rl \ , u ntl I' 1 J a nios (,i . Itirmy, in 1S40, hc- in^ a larm* sim U- hoklrr in iho umloi- i^n>nml la ilrn.i il , ami sharini; in tlu' porsiH'ul i\in ! h.i I iollowi'il. In i^«55 Mr. Haikn ro- nuui'd to l\hrns- hnix. I*'»" -t'li' *'"- K^ajfi'il ill iho nu'irantilo hiisiiu'ss, Inil I'ontinm'il to lahorassiihioiisly for Ihosi" ill homls. Mr. Ilarkcr was .i lU-Jri^ali'. in iSint. to llu' Con- voiition (hat noniinaloil Alirahani lam-oln, ami was a strong ail\ii- oatt' lor his m>niinatiiiii, ami was an irnlniati* trioml ot' Mr. I.imoln during; his aLhninistralioii. In iSh4 Mr. Harkrr was i-loilt'ii to Ci>n- ^ri'ss, siMvin^f ono torn- lion rolurninj; lo his linsiross. In 1S75 ho loft the Kopuhliian Vnv\\ aiul joinoil hamls with llio rrohiliititMi Party, ami has takon a vi-ry Irailinj; part, having simm'iI lour yoars as C'haii-naii o( Iho Prohihition Slalo i'oniniitloi*. Mr. Harkor has spiMii • j^roat doal oi' tinio ami nionoy lor llio lausi', ami is still an artivt- \vt>rker, and is waiting; for the abolition ol" the aofursod liipior iratVu". •1' KRA.VCKS A. JONKS {m'l- Htiym-k) I'orrospiimlin^f Stuiv- lary o\ Iho Wyoiniii); Wonu-n s Christian Toiiiporanro I'nioii, was ln>rn at Hrvan, Wil- iianis C\>nnly, O.^ in t ho yoar 1 84K. Ilor fathor, at thai tinio, was Sialos Attonioy ("or that rouniN', ami is vot livin)^ ariit in tho prai'liio ill his pm- tossion at Iho aj^^o o\' 77. Mrs. Jt»m's wai o.hu'alod at tho II it; h Sihool in Sirxkot, O., wlioif slu' alwa\ s siooti at I ho lii'ail ol" hor ilasst'-,, Aflrr L^iad- u ilinj^ sju' I iii^'hl lor Ion vo.u's in tho si-hools ot" i^liii>, In- ..lana ami Missonri always i- omnia lul- inj;" tlu" hij^hosl sal- aril's. Sho was niarrii'd in 1^7^ 10 J. \\ . J o n t's , o t" Strykor, i^hiii, and li'ii yoars lalor 10- riiovod I o Cl roo n Kivor C'ily, Wyom- injif, wliiMf shi' now ri-siilrs. Sho is tho liappv niothor of h>in' sv>ns, whi> art' all statnuh lor lonipo?aiu"i'. Mrs. Jonos has alwa\s lu'iMi a hator ol Iho litpmr IralVn-. and in iSSi) was oloilotl Corrospundin),'^ Sorri'laiy ol" tho W'yoininjj^ W'onion s Lin istian IiMnprramo I'nitm, and has hoon ro-i'lorli'd oarh suiroi'diii^ yoar. A Christian ol" tho typo llial niakos iVii'tids of all sho nu'ots and hi»kls llu-ni with " lu)oks i>r sto4'l." Oi\ thi' sunsi'i silk- ol lito and o\' lu'r nalivo land, lonjf may sho li\o lo w»iik ami \i>to loi tho tanst- ot *'Cioil and iioiiio and nalivo laml.' •:-i& \ MRS. KM.MA Mil. A.NDI.KSS, Siipl. Bi>\v, Ni'b., was burn in Oavis C\i., Iv>\v;i, 111 I,. 1'. I.., .il Hiiiki-n Janiiaiv i,^, lodi. Ilrr la llu- 1, .\nio> \V. Ci a 11 1) y , w a s o t' Kirni'h lU'sii'Ml, anil luM- inollii'i, Maiv K. IMi.'li)s, ht'li^nj^i'tl ti» an oU\ \\ n\i I i.sh fa in i I y wIiK'Ii trait's its >;iMU'a loi; y IVotn llu' litni' i>t' lulwar'il \'l., |ii>ssi'ssini^ its i>\vn I'lial ol arms, otr. I liM' pariMUs siMtlfii in \rlnaska, ami slu- i-xprritMii'i'ti till- nsiial harilships ^^i pii>nt't'r I ill". Slu* was oilni'ati'il in Viiik, \i-l). , a Till was I'oniiTli'il anil joini'il llir Mi-llioil- isl C'h Mill ill iSj-^. In till- saiiii- yi'ai sill' took till- pli-ii^i- iii a nu*i-tin>;" ati- ilfi'ssi'il b\- John It. Fiiu'li, .'inii rnlisti-ii in t I' 111 p i- r.a n i- i- work. Sill- joini'il till- I. O. Ci. T. in iSSj, anil li.is lu-lil si-vi-ial nisiiiil oliin-s in tin- Order. Shi- iiniti-il with tin- W. C. T. l'. in iH'**.?! •inil rcpn-si-nli-il ilk' W. L'. T. I', at till- .Stall' C'onvi'iilioii of |H<),!, anil li.is Iwiii' bi'i'ii elocti-il to Sl.iti- Convi-ntions on tin- I'l oliibilion pladoiiii. Slu- h.is also bi-i'ii a zi'.iloiis woiki'i in tin- Hanil of I lopi-, l.oyal Ti-nipi-r.inii- Le^;jii>n anil Junior Li'a>^m-. Slu- ^ivi-s a li'rtni'i' t'vi'iy Siinil;iy afternoon to the ihililren. She is .1 proi-niiueil I'loliiSitionist ami interesleil in every liinpeiaiue relorin that will 1 elp to siViH'p the liipior ti-.-iflie from the fate of the earth, hut her la' .1 fits ' er pre-eminently lor work amoiijr the younjf. The inluienee of her work nnuin)r chililren will be seen in ^:eiu'rii- li- I- to eome. KV.V. JOIl.\ Ci. I ALMS was born .\pril ,vil, i«4S, in Mill- brook, l^nt. He is ol Irish ileseent, his people eomiiiff I'loni Ire- laiiil in I'lrh' \iiii1h, 11* was i-iliieati-il in till- Millbrook publii- SI hools, till- Unie- iiii'i- Mii^li Si-hiiol, anil \'ietort,'i I'ni- lersitN, LoboiM^f. Hi' was I'oiui'rti'il a n il j o i 11 e il t h i' .Melhoilisl C'hureh at the a^:e of jj, anil I'liti'reil thi' I I'Liul.'ii ministry of the C'luneh in thi- \ t';ir :S7 I. Hi- early tonneeteil himself willi the .S. of T., the I. i). G. T., anil the Koy.il remplis, anil h.is bi'ei: aetive as a leniperanee nian I'ler sinee. He took a very aelive pari In the Seotl .\et .'igit.'itions, be- \i\^ .ahiiost ini-es- s.inlly on the plal- torin, .'inil his ser- vii-i-s bi-in^ ill j^ri-.'il ili-m.inil as a pi-aker .iiiil oi>;aiii/er. .As a worker for I'rohibi- lioii, Mr. Kallis was bolil aiiii skillful, and eoiisidereil no ri-ason- alile saeriliee of lime, or efise, or money, loo jfieal for the promotion of the eause so near his heart. I>iirin^f the New Part) movement i-f iKHi), iSik), and i«i)i, Mr l-allis was one of the most aelive and libi'r.il supporters of the eH'ort, fre- ipienlly lei he in>4: in its inti'iesis, mil organized soiielies in dillerent parts of Western Ontario. In the liei ee a^fitation for .iml against 4he Siolt Aet, Mr. Kallis, bv appoint- ment ■ the Lanibton Seotl .\el Assoeiation, -dileil llie "Seolt Alt Review,' wliieli did most excellent service in Its day. It 1(| A. I'ROHIBIIION LEADERS. 7> I* I'liioii, \v:is I HiViin, Wil- L'tMlMU', O., • >c;ir'iS4H. iliiiM', :il Ih.il was Stall" - ii'V lor thai :, and is _\i'l and in tlit* I'l' o( {lis pro- I al tlu> a^r Mrs. Jiini's liu.itcdal lilt- Si'lu)iil ill M", O., wIiiM-f vva\'s sioiul at t'ati of lit'r s. Allrr j^fr.ut- ' slu' taii).^|it J NtMI's in llu' s i\i' l>hio, Iii- aiul Missouri s i- 11 in in and- I' liijflu'st sal- . . Slit' was •d in iS;^ to J o 11 1' s , o r ■•r, l->liio, aiul .Mrs l;itor i\'- I to li r i- 1' 11 C'ily, W'voin- n»tlu'r itl lour s. Ji>iu's lias ;» was I'U'iMiHJ Mi's (.'liiistian h sin'iH't'tlinj^ kIs oI all sill" iikI, lon^ may Mul lionu' aiul I MK. .K>II.\ S. l.ll .\S, ol loronto, l>iil., is tin" piopriilor of tin- wi'll-known liriiprraiui- hold ol that rilv, loiali-d on Louisa slri'i'l iii'ar thr inan- ni lit' flit 11 fw lity biiildiiiKs. anil also iii-ar llu' nrw Ho- 111 i n i o 11 .Xrniorii's, till' l.ir'nrsl hii>ldiii)4: ill I'anaila iriili'r a sin>;li' rool". I li' was hoi'ii in 'r\-ri»iii*i.*i>. , Iri'laiul, .\pril iStli, iS4t. His part'iils nun I'll to l.'anada wlu'ii III' was hut .' \t'ars of a^i'. anil si'llli'il ahoiit I'orty inik's north ol" *l'o- roiito, ill what was at that tinii- an almost 11 11 hioki' 11 uilili'nii'ss. Thi'ii'. h\ ^;i'i'at I'lirri^yanil itutustry, .150 ai'ii's i>r iinhri>Ui'n t'ori'st wi'ii' Iranslornu'd into a prodiirt i \ i' and li'itili' larm. Ill' was I'lliii'att'il in till' pnhlii' si'hools of his loialily, lin- ishiii^- at till' Harrio (irammar Sriiool, oi whii'li hi' siihsi'i)ui'iitl\" hi'r.-inu' thi' niatlii'- niatiial mastrr. I.ati'r on ho look iliai>;>' of ihi' sihool in thovil- lajjt* of L'huri'hill, Sinu'i>t' Co., ami in iSIm) .vt'iil into a j.;i'iu'ral iiit'ri'anlilt' hiisiiii'ss, in whii-h ho ^I'l'ally prosporrti tor si'\-i'nti'i'n yt'.'irs. .Afti'rwarils r-i'\rrsi's i-anir in ^rv.in ili'aliii^, hi'i'aiisi' o\' jjrt'at inarkrt tUiiMu.'itions, anil lit' iiio\'.-il li> Toronto, wht'ri' ho establisht'd thf l.iiias llousf, whiih lit- has ki'pl atltliiiK to and iinprovinij until it is now i>ni' t>l tlir laixost anil hi'sl km wn i>f its I'lass in Iht' I'rovinii'. lit' lias hi't-n a lifi'-lon>; tiinpi'ianii' man, ji yt'ars a S. of T., a II. T., and a R. T. In all llii'si' Orilt'is hi' has dom-i'lVi'itiM- work. MKS. IMIKUK J. .\I>.\MS, of .Moravia, \. Y., and i'lvsidtiil of I'.iyujja County \V. C. T. l'., w.is born in l.otkf, Cayiina Co., July i<), iH4,i. Hi-r ' pari'iits wt'rt' Dr. l>bi'il .iiul .Siibia llolilt'ii .\ndrfws. riit'y wt'if ardt'iit frii-nds of thf aboli- tion niovfiiifiil and f o-l.'ibi>rf rs with l"if rrit Sniil b and olhfrs of his flass ; tlify Wfit' also ac- tivf tf iiipf raiii-f ivorkfrs. Mr. .\n- ilrfws filitfd and p n h I i s h f d I h f ".Mfilif.il ami Tfiii- pi'r.'iiu'f Kf forilf r. "' Shi- was ftluL'atfd in Cfiotiir. .\fad- finv, and ;i ^radu- alfof C. 1.. S. C. of 1 HH5. Sbf f 0111- iiif mi'd if.if liiiiff at It). Shf was always an .irdi'iit studfiit, is a rf. -Ill V writf'i" and tluf nt and po r- I" I suasivf spfakor. In 1865 she was niar- rifil to I.. II. .\dams, and rfniini'il to Mor.ivia. wlifrf hi- is now a If.ulinX nifrfhant. TlifV aiv Wfll iinilfd in Christian and tfinpfi- aiiif work. Tjifv wfif two of thf first flfVfii mfnihfis of thf now l.iifff .iiiil piospfrous H.iplist iluiri h thfif. TlifV liavf two sons, opif of whom nr.ulii.iti'il trom thf Hro'.vn Cnivfisity in iH«<), .iml oiif from Kofhfstfr I'liivi'isily, ,iml now a stinlfiil in Kofbfs- li'r Thfoloifiial S.'minai\ . Shf has t.ikfii an aftivf part in tfin- pfiaiiff work from nirlliood, .ind has bf f 11 f oniif f Ifil with v.irious tfinpfr.iiiff oi>j:.iiii/,ilions. .Shf was at oiif timf I'lvs. ol thf W. H. !•". .M.S. for hfr loimty, and li.istakfii a proiniiifiil pari in Ihf \V. C. T. L'. niovfiiifiit I'Vfr siiuf its orijfin, .11 thf timf of Ibf j^ri-al Wonian's Ci usadf . Shf is ,1 Statf f v.iiifcflizf rand oiffanizf r. I 1S4S, in Mill- lin^ from Irf- I f irly youth. IS f iliif ,'iifil in ■00k publif thf lliiif- lii;li Sfhool, iftoria I'ni- C obour^;. ~ fonvfrtfil 1 i n f d t h I' ilisi Cliiirfh aKf of -•-•, II 1 1' r I'll tbf iiiinistr\ of nirfh in thf ■i7i. Ilfi-arly .1 himsflf S. of T., O. i;. I'., am! il Tftiiprrs, bffr .'iftivf 111 pf rani'f I'rsiiiff. Hf vfiy aclivf thf Sfoll {il.ilions, bf- Imost iiiffs- on thf plat- aiiil his sfr- ii'iii^ in jji'f.'il for I 'rohi bi- ll nt> rf;isi>n- if.it for Ihf n^; thf NfW His was i>iu' flVort, fiv- soi'iftifs in ff agitation by appoint - 'ditfil thf sfrviff in .MISS C. S. lU'RNKTT, .\. M., fdufator and ifformfr, was born in Nilfs, O., May 1st, 1S40. Ilfrfathfr, Josi'ph Miiriifit, is .'i ilfsi-fiiilant i>f thf " ' farly Nfw Jfrsfv sfltlf rs : hfr niothf r was a \'ir);iiii,iii by birth ami f ilui'.'ition. Thf fharat'lf rislif s of thf two faniilifs art' happily blf luli'il ill ihf ll<-lu^■lltl'|■. .\n iiif \ t iii^uisha blf thirst for kiiowT- Vi\i!;o 'I'll hfr ti> sur- mount all obstaflfs till shf ^'ralluatftl in Ihf Classii'al Coiirsf in iSdS. Slif .'11 oiu'f bi'^;in a siif- I'fssful I'.arffr as Ifafhfr in Normal Sfluiols ami Col- Ifjffs. 'I'wo yfars wfr.' spfiit in thf .M. K. Colli'gf ill I'tah, and wliilf i I thf rf sbf w.as Prfsi- j j dfiit of tbf Tfrri- I I lory for tbf \Vo- ■ nifn's Chrisli.'in Tfiiipf r.'uif f I'nioii. In 1S8S shf was inaiif Nalion;i' ,")r^;.'inizfr. .\ yfar w.'is ^ivfii to California and Nfv.iila, whfii shf was oallfd lioiiif by thf sifk- iifss jiiul fin.'il lif.'ith .if hfr mol'u'r. Siiiff tlu'ii shf li.'is Iffturfil in sfVf ral Statfs, .inil spfiil .1 yfar in North Carolin.i. Shf was oiif of thf ilflfjjatfs 10 thf World's Convfiilioi of thf W.C.T. I'., Iifld in London, In Juiif, iKi)^. .\t pifsfiit shf is oiif of tlio Na- tional Orjj.'inizf rs, anil also .a Nalion.al Lffturfr for Ihf Ofpart- iiifiil of Naifotifs. As a spi-akfr shf is farnost, lof-iial, and pifasinjj in maniifr, ;iiiii ilfsi'rvi'illy pi>pul.'ir. Thf StMf ,'iiul .Na- tional ofliffis say: " .\s an oixanizfr shf has no siipfiior. " Hi-r lecturfs fovfr a wiilf iaii]fe of subjffts niul iiivUido several for the popular platform. KK\'. K. H. Sl'TTON, of Seattle, W.isli., is known Ihiouffb- oiit thf I'afifie coast as "The War-IIorse of I'robibilion." lie was born in the town- ship of Cf. bofta, Mifh., July 30, 1847. Kiilered llie army when ij years old, enlistiiifif inCo. "B, " Ninth Mifhi^an C.iv.ilry. Me look part in 5- battles .'iiul skirmishes. .\l the .••/x of 27 was oril.'iiiu'd a ministfr in thf Mft'. dist Priilfst.'iiU Cliureh. In 1K84 hf w.is fifi'tfil tlflej^.'ite to 'i|e National Con- vention of tlu' I'lO- hibition Party, and • itfain in 1888. He movfil lt> W'.'isliin^- toii in .luly of 1888. .'inii was at oiiff fii- ffa^fd iis St.itf Or- ^;.'inizfr, and fleet- fil a ilf Ifjfatf to the National Convfii- tion a^rjiin in 1K92, I If W.IS appoinlfd a iiifinber of the Natit>nal (.'oinmittee. He is :ilso or^-;iiiizf r of tbf l.'liristi;iii Keil- fi'alion, Ihf N.ilioii.il I'robibilion Chiiivh, .ilso Chaplain of the G, niv. of the .S. of T. for W'asliiiifjton. }\c also holds eominission for .iiul is a vfiy sui'ffssful oijfanizfr of Ihf .Anif titan IVotfftive .\ssofiatioii in faet, an all-nnind rffoiiner .As a publie speaker, he h.isavfr.i^jfil spi',ikiii>f f vf ry nij^ht in tbf Wfek ami twiee on the S.'ibb.'ilh fo\- lifif en years. I !e has heltl llie position t>f jfeneral a),^eiU of the \ '.■ishiii^'lon Prohibilio" Mli.'iiii-e ft>r seven years, and wears a bi'.'iiitiful ;_voitl nu'ilal presfii ,'ii .it the .St.-ite Convention. He is llie .iiilhor of a hoek 'iitilled " Prohibition Seed Thoutfhis, ' and is il prt>litii' writer t'or thf iif wspapf rs. 72 PROHIHITION I.KADKRS. ELGIN ADAMS BI.AKKV, M.O., Wiiinipix. Man., was born Nov. 4, 1854, at Clii'irv V'alli'v, Onl. Ili-is nl Siouh ilcsii-nl. IK- wi'iit 111 W'intiipt'^ in iNSi. llfKiaJiiatfcl in nu'iliiinf in Man- iu>ha l'ni\4'rsily in iS K), aiul Wt'is niaiU* OfpiilN' MinisItT i>* lultii'alion lor tlif I'roviiHV of .Maiii- U>ba in Novt'inbiTot" llic sanu- yrar. Hi' lias al\va\'s l>i'i*n a lola) abstaint'i', aiul laUi'n an aiiivt- |iail inU'inpt"ranfi'\viM-k. Ill- unlti-il Willi till' S. t^^t' 'V. whiMi 14 \i'ai"s olii, anil lalrf Willi iiii- I. o. c;. T. Ill' still bi'Ionj^s to this Soi'iiMy, lit'ini;; pirsi'iit C'liii'l Ti'in. i>t" l-"t. (.Vari V Loili^i*. In iSi); 111' was I'lrr- li'il Ci. C. T. lor Manitoba. Ho is also a nii'mbi-r ol till' R. T. of T. Ill- lii'niU- bi'lit'vi's in Juvi'iiili' Ti'nipi'r- .-uu-i' work, anti, .'is Snpt'rinti'iuliMil of Ilii' Fort Kou^i' C'ouniil C'adi't Corps, anil of llif Fort Ci.'in"\' Juvi'iiilt' Ti'iiipli', is ai"ti\'i'Iy i'n^;i)^i'il in ibis work. Hi' has sm'ri't'ili'il aihnir;ihl\ in this iniport.'int work lor I hi' youth, and holds llu' i-ontiili'ni'i' and I'stt'i'in o\' tho jiivonili' U'lnpi'r.'iiu'i' workers of till' coninimiity. Hi' h.'is i'Xi"t'lli'nl oxi'i'iilivo ,-ibilit\'. This li.'is bi'i'ti ri'i'Ojfiiizi'il, anil linils full sinipo iti his pri'si'iit posi- tion as -Si'iri'tary of tin' Manilob.i Mr.ini li of tlio l\iniinion .AUi.'uu't'. Hi* li;is for si-voral yt-.-u-s hi'i-n .a proniiiu'iu woi'ki'r in tho Motbodisl Cluuvh. Ilo is al prosoni Sloward. Soirolary of the lixecutivo (.'oniniilloo, anil toaoher of tho N'oinijf l.,idios Hiblo Class in Fort Roujfo (."lunvh. Is now CI. S. Manitoba I. O. O. I". RE\'. JOHN' WOOD, of Truro, X. S., was lor many years an .active and proniinont teiiiper.ineo worker in Ottawa, and a lo.'idin^ olVu'or in tho noniinion Pro- hibition .\llianoe. He w.as born in Littli'h.'tinplon, Sus- sex, Knfj^l.ind, .Mav 25111. iH.'H. His father moved to Canada when he was but four ye.ars of .'1^0, and en- Xajfod in business as a w.'itebni.aki'r in Montreal. i\o W I reiiuiinoil al lioiiio, / I rei'oivinj; his eiliu'a- tion and assisting his father in his busiti."ss, until his tweiitioth year, when 111' entei'i'il till' C'oil^ri'jfational Collej^i', then in Toronto, to prop.'iri' for the ministry, unilor till' l.'iti' Prin- .ipai i.iiiie, n. n. He K r.'idu.'it ed in 1851, with honors lantju.'ijfes, .after wliioli lu' spent six I'ireal Hrilain. In 1852 he sol lied ! ' Brantfoi'tl, anil w.as in p.astor.al work there t'ov J2 years. Then he was unanimously oliosen Supt. of Home Missii ris and Gen. Seey. of tho Mis. .Soo., .'"Ill eililor of the "C.an.adi.an Indi'penilent," the donomin.'itional majj:i/ine. Those positions ho hi'lil foi* yo.ars, re- siding in Toronto. Ho has ;ilso boon Chairman of the Conjfreffal'l Union of Out. anil (Jui'. In 1877 he boeanio p.astor of till' I'huri'h in Ottawa, and remained till t8i)j. He is now in ehar^fo of tlieConj;re- gal'l Cliuroh at Truro, N. S. He has boon Seey. of the noni. All., and its P.arl. A>fl.; took an ;u'tive interest in tho on.'ielnu'Ml of the Scott .Act bv the Doni. Pari. His wife is an .iclive W.C.T. I', worker in TIumIo^v anil l)rienta months in travel, mostly HON. SKNATOR A. \T PAL, of Sarnla, for many years past Pros, of the noni. Alliance lor the Prohibition of llio l.ii|uor I raf- lic, was born in Mracknoll, Herk- sliiie, Kiiff. , .\un. 4, 1811), anil w.as i-ilu- c.ilod in the Royal .Malhem.il 1 School, Clir,i,sl s Hospital, London. He came ill o.'ii'l\ lili' to Can- .'ida, and spent live yi'ars on a l.ii in in ilio bush. In 1842 III" w.'is lii'onsi'il as .a Provincial Land Survo\or, .anil fol- lowed I hill profes- sion for ele ci'ii \oars, during wliii'h limi' 111' surveyi'il a iiumher of the now prospi'rous town- ships in Latnhton Co., and the pres- eiil town of Siiult Sle. .Marie, and to mark the front lim- its of .all mining loi'alions along llii' north shore ot the rivi'r Sti'. M.ario anil of L.iko Huron. In 1855 he enleieil the service of the Hank of I'pper L'anaila in Sarni.a, .anil I'onliniii'il to ni.an.agi' Ihi' agoni'y until tho lailureoflli.il bank in 18(17. "'' "'■'■* ''""" ''ppoinleil agent for the Hank of Monlreal in the same lown, which be resigned in 1875. Ill' was .'ilsii t."o. Ti\',as. tor L.ainbton for ni'.arly 40 yi'ars, anil ri'- sigiied ill iK<)i , his son being his succossoi*. He hi'i'.anii' ;i pleilgoil lotal-.abst.aiiii'r in 1840, anil has bi'on a faithful worki'r in Ihi' I'.ausi' I'M'r sinci'. In Parli.anicnl .anil throughout tliei'ountry hi' li.as hei'ti .1 Irieil .mil valued friend of the Prohihilion movemeril. Ilo is a Piesbytorian Klder .and S. S. leaclier. In 187,5 he was appointed a niembor of Ilio noniinion Senate. REV. J. V.W WVCK, H..\., of Hamilton, Out., is a wel known Can.adian .MollioilisI niinisU'r ;inii zealous Prohibition worker. He was born ill .Stamford, ne.ar Niagar.a Kails, Out., .May 16, 184(1. His p.irenis, l>aniol .mil Nancy Kilnian \'.an W'yck, won" fanners in tli.at lo- cality. Ilo spent his early days on the fa r 111 , and c o m - pli'ti'tl hiseilui'.alion •at Albert College, Holloville, where he graduated in 1878, being the \.aleilii'- I ori.a n aiul siU'or medalist ofhisdass. He w.as I'oiui'rti'il in 18(1(1, ,aiul enli'ioil the ministiA' in the M. 1'^ C h 11 r I' h i n i>'()<). Ho li.as e\i'i' since been active aiul successful in pastoral \> ork in various churches, in Toronto, Welland, Si. Calharines anil llaniilliin. He is the Gore Sireol Church in I • latter city. H" has boon a niombor of the Hoard of .Maii.ageiiioiit of Alm.i Ladies' Col- 'oge, St. Thomas, and of ihe Hoard of Examiners from the begin- ning. \\c was a meml'.'r of the Hd. of E. of .Mborl Ciilloge until the Motbodisl union. He li.is been .1 dolog'.alv to nearly all the Gonof.il Ciintoronces. I lo has bi'i'ii .a niiMiiber of the S. of \\, G. T., aiiu R. r., ,iiid has taken an ert'eclive hand in Oiincan .Act, .Scoll .Act .and PlobisciK'CHmp.'iigns, respect ixoly, .and in the reduction of licenses, .and law entbrconient, wherever liis lields of labor have been. In the pulpit he has bee.i very oulspoke;i and practical in behalf of temperance and olh.'r nior.al and social roform.s. now pastor of i^ lllLii<. "^I PROHIBITION LEADERS. 73 SAMUKI. A. UAMSKN' wa-. Ihtii iumi- I'illshuix. I'-'-. Ja'i- I, 1856, tlu' Mill of a iiiii>.|HTOiis rainu-r. Hi-. jfciUTal .•dmaliim was iTi'iM\tHl in tlu' 1 riitiinuiii si'luiul, ill ] till- lumit' riri'Ii', al Si'wiiUI.V Arail- t'liiN , ami al Hi'avtT aiul Ml. riiiiiii C'ol- liXi's. Ml'. KaniM-v lollowi'il ti'ai'li inn lor siiiiii' liiiu', ami was rfi'iimiiU'iiiUHi (or a intilt'ssoisliiii, hill i'litrriul Mii'iii- f^aii I' iii Vfi'sil y , );fi'atliiatiii>; I'loiii till' Law l).-|i.iil- iiiiMil in i«()j. Ill- Ill. -ii-tist'tl l;i\v oiii* yiai'iii liuli.'iiia, ;iml in o\' I'll to W'ooii- soi'kt'l, S. n.'ik., in i«H,V 111 i«K.i III- iii;i I'l'ii'il l.iK'lla .\. .Suiiu*s, 111' liuliana, ;uul li.'is tint- t'liiltl, .'I tlaii^'lilt-r. .M r . K;iiiist»y is .-i linn lii-lii'vi-r ill Ciiitl aiul liiiiii.'iii rights, ptis- si-ssinj^ taft, skill, and a t'lt-ar iiisi^lil into lilt- tiiii-sliiiiis til' tlu- tiay. lit- t-iitt-rt'il pi lilii's with ;i vii-w to work nuiral ri-lorm. lit- is a Ot-nuiiial, .intl w.is tlu- li-atlt-r til' llit- *' .N'tiblt- Firiy-.Six,' ami ;iiitlitii of tlu- t'aiiuHis ri-stiliilion t'a\'tirin^ I'rtiliiliititiii in llif nt-moiial Sl.ili- C'tinvi'iition ol iKSt), in wliiili Vt-ar hi- was tit-lt-^.'itt- Iti tlif L'tiiistitiilitiiial C'lnut-ntioii, aiitl is tint- ol' till' si^fni-rs ol' tlu- C'tinstitiititin ot" tlu- St;itt-. I It- \v;is appointt-tl a I'oniniissitiiu-r tti till' W'tirlil's L'oliitnlii.-in I'^xpositiiMi 1-y l*rt-s. Har- rison, ;inil li;is lillt-il otlu-r olliffs of trust. In tlit' I'all ol' iStjj lit- was lilt' iinaninuius noniiiu't- ot'liis jiarty I'tir l.it-iit.-iitiv., Jtnil ran a j^rt-at many viitt's ;ilit-ail ot' liis tifkt-l, tluiiij^li not i-li'i'li'il. In pi'rson.al nppt'arami' Mr. Kamsfy is iniposiii),'. .MRS. l.l'KI-I.a A. K.\MSKY, pliilaiitliropisi and ri'loriiu'r, w.is liorii nt'ar Kort Wayiu', Ind., 1S5H. Ili-r latlii'r was ,1 proni- int'iit ilt'r^jynian ol lilt' .Mt'tluidist Kpis- ftipal C'liurt'li. She fiilt'it'tl L'tilli'jft' at ,-in I'arly •a^i>, and altrr tu'r );radiia- tioii liillovvi'tl I'tiur vi'ars til' siifft'ssl'iil ti'.'it'liin^ in lilt' pull- lit- si-luitils. ,\s ;tn I'lhit-attir slu'r.'inki'd hi>ih. Ill iS.S:; sill* lit-t'aiiit' tilt' will' oi' S.uimi'l .\. Kainsi'y, a l.iwyi'r, ol I'itts- liur^. Tlii-y st'ttli'd in W'oonstit'ki't, .S. P.ik., wlii'it- thi-y .art- al prt-st-iit ri-siil- iii^'. .Mrs. K.'inist'v has lu'i-n iilt'iitilit'tl I'ltiin tilt' lirsl with till' most proniint'nt w o r k t' r s o I' the pl;ift', whilst' aim is sofi.al I't'l'orin tir in- tt'lli'ftiial ;ulv,'iiu't'- nient. 'i'he citizens o I W ti n s Of k e t pl.iffd her upon the eity Hoard ol Kilmation, and she was ehosen I'ltsiilent. .She is aeeoniplished in musie, paintinjf, and eloeution. Hrti.til ill her .linis and iharities, anil a liriii believer in women's power .iiid infliieiii t', she eliose the Women's Christ i.in I'eniper- .iiitf I'liitiii .IS the lield wherein to exert her eiieixii'saml lieiievo- leiut's. Kor M'ars she w.is I'resitlent ol' the loe.il union, and has ■ ilw.-ns t.ikeii an aetive part in her Hislriet and .State, serving; lor ;i luimlier of learsas l>istriel I'lesiilent anil Si.ite Superintendent til' the Voiintf Women's Hraiuli. .\t the last .Annual State Con- \eiitioii she was eleeletl President ol' the W. C T. L". ol South Dakota. To this iinportaiit tilVue Mrs. Ramsey lirinjfs rare jfifis of niiiul .ami soul. , is !i well- I'rohiliitioii lie was SL-tml'iinl, Kar.t I'alls, ly 1(1, 1846. •Ills, Daniel Kilman tk, were I th.'it Iti- ' spent his s on the nil eom- t'llut'.'ition t I'ollefre, where he ■tl in 1S7H, v.iledit- II il silver ol'liiselass. eonvertetl 111 entered try in tile !i u r e h i n li.is ever I aetive essl'ul in I'Mik ill iiri'lit's, in Uelland, lines ami II. He is II- has (lies' e'ol- le lit'>rin- iiiitil the lieiit'r;ii ., .inu K. I Alt .iiiil lii't'llses, leeii. Ill liehall' or JAMKS HRAINKRD MORC.W is a native of Reikelt-y County, and tlu- youn^jest son of the late Jeplith.ih Moixan, form- erly of JelVerson Coiintv, \'a., (now W. Va.l, and a lineal ileseeiul.'int o( the \'ail .iiid J .'li- nings families. His ffr.indl'.it her and ^re.'tl -ji^raiiilfatlu'r st'i'vetl as tilVit-i'rs tif the -Niiu'i ie.aii .\riny with tlistinetion, in llie revolutionary w.ir. Mr. Moi^an jtiinetl the I. O. (.'i. T. ill tSSo at (ler- raitlstowii, W. \',-i., and entereil the I'lrantl l.odffe in iSHi. Next year he was elected loaml St'eretary, ami has heen re-eleeted a I r. It'll aiinu.'il session In un.'inimous \iitt'. 1 1 is (iiiuitl l.oil^e sent him .as Repre- sent. Hive to the Supreme Kotl^e .Sessions ;it C'h.arles- ton, Wa.shln)fton, ChieaRO ami Boston. In t"' o he founded the **West \'a. Ciotid Templar," whieli w.'is ailtiptetl hy the ^.^rallll Lod^t' as ofliei.'il iir)^.'iii, anil w.'is its etiitor ami piihlisher nine years. He is .also etiitor oi tlu' "(.lerr.'irilstown Times," whieh he has sueeessfullv etimhieteil siiiee 187(1. Mr. Mor^^jin is also ;i poet of some fame. His two volunit-s k^\' poems, eiititleil respect- ively, "Sontf-Sermtins " and " Strtillinns in .Soiiff-I.iind, " have been receiveil with marketl favor by the people anil public press. His wife was Miss Mar^r.irel I'loltl, tlaii^iiter of the late Washinn;- ton (Itilil, of \'ir>;inia: .ami is a /e;ilous frit-ml of the tempi-rance cau.se and a I'. G. V. T. of the Grand I. mine of X'irnini.i. He is a ruling Elder of the Presbyterian Church. MRS. A. M. i:.\MKS, of Delphos, Ottawa Count'., Kansas, was born in Readslioro, \'t., Sept. .'5, 1833. Her father was Orial Bishop, H ho went to \'ermont from New Haven, Conn., and her mother, Kunice Rice, who dieil when the sub- ject of our sketch W.IS I I years old. She receiveil a com- nuiii schtiol etltica- tion. .\t the a>;e of J I shemarrieil W.J. K allies, and re- moved in 1,856 to Wisconsin, where, i'l (.'aliimet (.0., she endiired the h.ird- ships of a pioneer life. Mr. Kamesdied in M.iy, 18(15, '«"'''V- iii>f her with four t'liildien, three sons ;iml one tl.tu);hter. .\ s stion as hi'r eldest son was old enoujjh, she, with him, joined the In- depemlenl Order of Gtiiiil Templ.-irs as other children iinitinif with the Juvenile member of the Oriler for twenty-seven her three boys in temperance work, .and I'roliiliilion ticket in the Stiite of Kansas. Her ilied at the ajfc of twenty-four, was very much a charter member, the Temple. She h.is lieen yi'ats. She li.'is tr.'iiiu'tl they all vote the d.au^jhter, wliii .illaehed to tempei.ince work. Mrs. Kames has attended Grand l-iidjfes as lelejfate, also the St.ite Prohibition Convention at Kmporia in June of 181)4, as a dele^'.-ile from the Fifth District. She has worted in the Women's Christian Temperance L'nioii, the Temple if the Inilepeiident Order of Go vl Ten; "lars, and bt-lonns to till W. R. C. ■^ 74 PROHIBITION LEADERS. KKV. JAMKS YKAMS, of .l.imaii;i I'l.iin, H.iMo.i, M,i>s., so I'XtfMsixrU Uiunvti as a proiniiu-itt U-nipi-raiU'i* worki'r, I'spiH-ially ill loiiiu'ilioii witli ilu- O. T. Ordor, was hiiin in Din it, Kii>;., ill 1^4). Ill' jaa^^Pn,. has hi'i'ii lu-arlv all ^K^f^" ^v '''■* lili'liii"', '" ^^M ^ ti\'rti'inptM'aiu'i* anil ^^^H ^. L'hristian wiii'k. ^^^k _^^fc_^^|r W'lii'ii ymintif hoy *T ^-u^i^^' Haiiil of llopi' in liis %iLjjjU||^3^^ At 17 111- lirjjaii to pri'aili, anil ill iS(n lu' I'ti- tiTi'il till' niinistry. I If hi'iiinu- a I'l. T. in 1H71. Till" lU'XI \i'ar, in I'oniU'i'tion with Mr. Kilwaril C'liiiiii-, I'l. TriMs., ill- slai li'il " Tho I'l'iuplai'," till" liisl illiistiali'il tfinpi'i- aiuf wi-i'kly puh- lislifil. Il roailu-ii, at one time, a I'ir- I'lilation of ,^0,000. Ill* also ori^inatfd "Tlif JiiviMiilo TiMii- plar,'" atitl piihlishoil it for so\'iMi years. Ho was Cii'ii. Siipt. of juvonile Ti'Miplars in Kn^lanil tor lour years, aiiil did nuuh >fOod work in pri'parin^" the rituals, eiMistitiitions, anil metliotis, wiiieh have heen usi'il throughout thi' work!, lie was I'liosen ;i itele^ate to the R. W. C'l. l.od>;e in iHyd, and was a ileleijale to the Louis- ville session when the Oriler iliviileil at lli.-il time. He waselei'ted the tirst R. W. «.".. T. ol the R. W. l".. I., of the World. He took a promiiii'iit p.art in r:iisinjr tlu- Ci. T. I-ite-Hoat l''uiul in hai>^lanii, tor whiili Sv.STO were raised. The lirst trip of that ho.it saved four- teen lives from the wreeked " .\ltona," k^\ ll.-imburj^. He was one ot the originators of the Juvenile Ward in the Nat. Teiii. Hospital. DR. W. A. AI.LKN, of HillinKs. O., Ii.is had a noted eareer as a traveller, hunter, miner, and later as a temperaiu'e ami Chris- ti.'iii worker. He " was horn Sept. j, I S4H, .'It Suminer- lielil. Noble Co., O. When U) he moved 10 liiwa, and for \ears h;til strange .'iiiil aniiisiii}^ ail- M'litures witli the "Hiisli wliaikers" ot' Missouri and Southern Iowa. In Mareh, 1H77, he slaiteil on a inenior- alili' trip aeross tin* i;'reat plains tor the iiiinini;; regions of I he West. That was il u r i n jf t he I'arly sta^'in^ days, when drivers and passiMi^ers were olteii shot and roh- heil by Indians ;ind wliili' tli'sperailoes. The .Sioux were de- terniineil ti> resist the ineursions of white iiieii in their eountry. His eoinpany tr;ivelli*il six wi'eks with wa^').;"ons, when their teams (jave out, and they then w.ilked, fi^ilitiiif,' and defending thtMr wav. He remainetl .a titnt* .'it Oi'ailwood, miniiii^. I''Iout- there at that timi' was $100 per s;ii'k K-^i 100 pounils, nt;iiio and (Jucbec. He w.is married in |8K(), .iiiil lias a family of two boys. He is an Independent in politics, .and is a believer in forcint^ Prohibition to an issue at the polls. REV. S. I,. STIVKR, A.R., A..M., R.n., for thirteen years proprietor .ind superintendent of the Hunker Hill Military .Acad- emy, Hunker Hill, ' 111., was boi n in 1 Central Pennsyl- v.iiiia of Cierman iincestry. I'rep.-ired for ti'.ai'hin^aiul for colU'i^e .It .in early ajfe, .iiid haviiiff re- ceived the hi).;liest certificate in the ^fift of the Slate .it the .ifje of 18, he soon after entered Lafay- ette Col., Kaslon, Pa., n;raduatin)j in the class of '74 with the hiffbcst honors and w itli several prizes. In i^'78 be Kradii.'iled withlii^b 1.1 Ilk from Cnion Tlieoloj^ical Semin- ary, .\. S'., .iiid took cli.ii^fe ol a cburcli in St. Louis. A year Liter he became p.istor of the Con- _ . ___ . , jr|-t.^;itioiial Church of Hunker liill. III., .'inil two ye.ars hiter accepted his present position. Durinj^ the Hl.aine campaign he espoused Prohibition from a sense of duty, and lias since become a le.uler in advancing its principles ; is one of the fouiuli'rs of the " .Macanpin County Atlv.ance," and, as editor or contributor for live ycais, he exhibited marked ability and devotion. Never seeking; oflice, lie lias freipienlly been nom- inated bv his party for City, County, District, and State offices, and has done effective work on the stump. Still in the prime of life, he may be counted on li r many ye.irs of efficient service in the cause of Prohibition refo ni and of j;ood jjovernment. Some of '•s articles for the pres! have been translated into German for .'culalion at home and abroad. " R O H I B I r I O N LEADERS. 75 4 RF.V. CYRL'S S. Nt'SBAUM, ol Kiiij;m.iii, K.in.. and I'lvs. of llu- Kansas Holini'ss Assoiiatioii, was Imin in Miilillfbury, Ind., July .'7, iK<>i. His parftits wtTi" Jai'ob JtA^^' '^ ' '*"^' C'aroliiu* N'lis- 'nu' oi llu- nuist pt'oinint-nl i'hinihi-s ol' his SlaU-. I li- lias bt'i-n pasli>r til' llu' l-*irsi M. K. Clin nil in Kinsman lor llu- pasi lliroi- yt-ars. Tt-M yt-ars :tyo lu- lu-i-anu- a nu-iiilu-r ol llu- l'roliibiliv>n I'arty, lu-iii^j i on- viim-il Ihal ihrouKli sonu' siii'li nu-ans llu- nation lan sooii- ,11\' sani-tii>iu'tl tlrink ■ jfivatosl i-iu-niy tin- Chinvli and llu- N'alion havi- to lon- lond ajjaiiist. Hi- lias taki-ii a proiniiii-nl part in llu- work ol that Parly, and in iKi>j hi- was noiiiinali-il its i-atulitlali- tor Stal lor till' Si'dwii-h C'onnis'. At 1 1 ioo voti-s Hi- rst and inosi rlli-rliially hi-ronu- rid oltlii- li-j;a traftir, llu jfri-al nuni-ini-nt iitululali- lor Mall- Si-iiii i-li-rtion hi- Ird his lirki-t by ovi-r san^iiini- lliat llu- Ki^fhl will yi-l siuri-i-d in this Thii-o 111 his ifri-at li-ilnn-s havi- iloiii- iniiih jfri-ai nuni'ini-nt. i ini-i- in iiis jjfri-ai ii-i'iinrs navt- iioiii- nuii-n i-flft'clive work and have >;aiiii'd liini a ^ood n-piitation lliroiijjiuuil llif Stall- and thi- Chiinli. Tlii-v an-: "Tin- l-aii-niii-s ot tin- Hal- I -i I) " 11 *ri. . i> ij -i.- . 1 1 1. . -I- 1 I ti 'I'l... 1 I..-:. •:.... lol Box, in Polilii ■Thi ' Hi Powi-r Hi-hiiul till- 'riiroiu-,'* anil work li;is bi-i-n pi'ai'tii-;il, and llu- Tlii- Christian ■I'siills lasting. MRS. Jl'LIA A. CH.VSK was born at .Ml. Wrnon, O., Oi-c. 184J. Throufjh many yoars she was so iniuh of an invalid Ihal sill- w.'is ini.'ibli- to <-itti-nd si'hool ri-f^iilarly, ami was thiTt-fort' larjfely i-diii-ali>d at home, niider the supervi- sion of lii-r mother. Julia w;is a " hook- worm, " but the mother was wise, anil siippli-inented the study by a larc- f n I t r .1 i n i n jf i n nei-dle-work. Mr. and .Mrs. Hou>;hton wi-ri- e.-iriu-sl work- ers in the lemper- .'ini-e eauMe, and Julia was early I a u^: lit, not onlv total abstineiu-e, but positive a^j^M-essive ai'lion aj^.-iinst Ihi- liipuir traHie. Slu- was eonfirnieii in I he K pi s eopa I (.'luireli, by Kishop Mellvaine, bill after her ni;irriaj;'e slu- beeame a member of the M. K. Ciinreh. In Seplember, iHb2, she beeame the wife of K. C. Chase, of Schenevus, \. V., a Union soldier, who was In al the surrender of Lee. Thev eame. In iHby, lo Hiawatha, Kansjis, where tbey still live. Mrs. Chase has had seven i-lilldreii, four of whom jire living. She has been eon- neeted with the W. C. T. I'. ;ind llu- W. R. C. of Kansas, from their oixanization, ;ind has held several Sl.ite ollii es in e.uh. Slje oiffanlzed lemperanee unions at llu- Soldiers Home I National) at I'ort Riley, Fort Leavenworth, .ind in llu- I'liited Slates .Mililarv Prison, Ibis last bein^ named lor In r the " Jiili.i A.CIiase Tenipei- ance I'nion j" has leelured some, and done eoiisiderable lllerarv work, the laiyest beinn- a "Life of Mary A. Hlikerdvke, Mother.'" ***.-, .MRS. K. .MALVINA G. TOWNSK.ND was born In Clarks- field, Huron Co., O., of ilistiiutive New Kn^land paienlajfe. Her fatliei. Dr. l"ieorj;e I I T. P.'irki-i', w.'is born I i n C ii 111 b r i il ^ e , M;iss., and )fr;idu- ' - > .'It I'll In the first ).^r.'iduatln^ elass ol" the Homeivpathic ColK-ffe In Cleve- l.iiid, Ohio. Her mot her, .A m.'inda .M. Sli-vi-nsoii, was born ill Rulli-iijfe, \t. She was left an or'phan wlii-n el^hl \ i-;ii-s olil, .'iiid was 1 e a r e d b y her ^■r.'iiulp.'iri'nls. fler f.'irly t-ilui'.'ition was ri-ei-ivi-d at private si'liools. .Afli-rward she '-li-lermini-ti to obtain a eollege t'lhu'ation, and fin- isheii hi-r lili-r;iry I'oiirsi' in C^berlln, , .'iildin^'^ a eourse in till' lUisiiiess C*oI- -^ - leu*'- Onrinj; the War of the Rebel- lion she was .Seiy of the Sanitary Commission of Huron Co. She was in.'irrieil lo Or. John *rownsi-nil In 1H70. Ourinj; llu- W'lim.'in's Crusade she was eleeted First \ii e-Pres. of the Woman's Temp. Le.-ijfui- of Kdjfi'rIiMi, O. In iSSi slii- w.'isappointi-il |)ist. .Missionary III the Ohio W. C. T. C, and in iSi)o w.is eleeteil one of the Slate Vlie-Presideiils, and In |S<)5 w.is made Pres. of the 'slate Hoard of Triisii-es. She w.-is i-leeled Tri-as. of thi- I lenry County Prohibition Club in iS<)i, and Si-ey. of I be County Kxeiutlve Ciimmittee In 1894. Shi- ser\ed as Ree.-Seev. anil 'I'l-usti-e i-i^htei*n )'i';us in llu- Meth. C'hnreh, .'tiiil S. S. Supt. twi-lvi- vi-ars, but in iH<)5, tojjelher with Iier husband ;inil d.'iii^hler. iinileil with the Presbyler'n Churi-h at Hol- ^alt*. i>hio. She was well-known as a ti-mperanei- leeturer. JOHN .\. MiKENDRY was born in the Coiuitv of Cavan, I I...... .A i^--. 11;.. .«'..-.. ..I.. 1 t.l... M .'1.' I .1 Ireland, June 16, 1857. His parents were John MeKeiulry and Mar^f;iret Helf. He ri'i'eivi-il his i-iluca- lion al the Orasu- m a I h ' s S 111 1 1 h ' s Seliool in his native country. In politics he IS <'i Conservative, bill prononnced- ly Independent. He is a member of the Methodist Church. Me has been a life- loii^r abstainer from the use of intoxicat- injf drinks. He is a nii-mber of the I. O. Cr. T., and has been asso i' I ,'i t ed with the Can. Tern. Li'.'i^iu- sini'e its in- ei-plion ; in fact, he wasoneof lis found- ers. He h.is shown his ilevotlon to the cause of Prohibi- tion, not only by priv.ile, but by plat- foini work, and has manifested his inde- pendence ol" |>arty |Xilltics by speaking for political candidates who were of opposite faith from the party with which he has ffi-nerally bei-n identllied, if they were known to bi- souiitl supporters of Pro- hibition. His fainlliarily with the subject, and impressive manner of presi'nlinjf It's idi-as, causes him to be In tiemaiid b)- temper- ance societies as a speaker on jfospel temperance. He is a mem- ber of the .\. F. and .\. M. He has had a very successful business career. He came from Ireland sixteen years a^fo, after he had learned the ilry ffoods trade, ;iiul was en>ra{;ed for some time in buyinjj ;or a lai);e house in Toronto. He then embarked In business for himself with two clerks, but he now employs two hundred. 76 PROHIBITION LEADERS. I n RKV. Hl'C.H \\ KISHKR, D.D., Meiond «>ii of VVilliaiii .iml IsalH-lla KInIkt, was born March 14, iHj4,in Sli'iihi-nvilli', O. Ili- was i*i>n\t'rli'il ami joi 11 I'll I In- .M . K. Cliiiri'h ill Ills 14II1 year. Kduralcd in "Cirovi' AiailiMiiy, til iH_i7 lu" bi'i'aiiu" an .M. K. iiiini-UM, and imiiu'diali'l V bt'^aii ad\i>i'atiii^ I'onsliliitioiial l*ro- liil>i(ioii. Trans- I'l'm-d in May, TM5H, lo Kansas, lu' iiin- limu'il Ills a^itiitli^ii lor tlif ill's! riu't ion of till' r'lim powi'r. In |S<>5 III' bi'i'.'iiiu' I'ri'sidi'iil ol t 111' Sialo Ti'inpi'ianri' Soi'ii'lv, .'iiul in To- pi'k;i pri'si'iit I'll , anil I'an'ii'il o \ i' r stronj^ oppositimi, iht' lirst T'l'soUitioii pr.i\ in>^ till* Li')iisla- tiiri' lo stibinit lo n voir ol till' pt'opli' an anu'iulinitil loi- I'vrr prohibit inj;; thi* inipoiii'itioii, inatiu- lai'lnri', and salo of inloxiraiils as a bi'voia>;i'. i'loiu thai d.ili' Ihi' slniffjflo wi'nl on, niilil in iKSollii" lonstiliition w.is so aiiii'iiili'd. nurinjf two yi'ars, as Stall' l.i'rliiri'r .ind llrfjanizor, hi' did as niuih to iiKiki' Kansas a I'rohibition St.ili' as any man in it. In iS;,^, diirinff ihi' Oh'ui triisadi', llii'iv was a inovi'iiu'iit in Olatho, li'd by Dr. I-ishi-raml his wil'i-, whiih ivsiilti'il in rlosin^^ I hi' saloons in till' lounly. Mrs. l-'isliiT w.is .irii'sli'il, and Hon. St. John (alli'r- wards C'lovi'inorl di'l'i'iidi'd lior, ami tlii' laso siffiially laili'il. Dr. I'islii'r has always advoiatfd in llii'd. .\. R., I. O. O. !•'., and .\. I'", and A. M. liKlffi-s, total abstini'iiii- and Prohibition, and now oiijoys tlu' prospi'i't ol" I'ompli'ti' vit'torw MI.S.S KV.A MARSHAI.I. SHO.NTZ, liramalic roadi-r and I'lohibitioii worki'r, w.is born in ti'iitri'villi", Iowa, Sopt. icj, iS<)4. 1 1 r I p.'irt'iils wi'fi' lii'iiry D.in I SlionI/ and .Niaixari'l N'oviii .Marshall. Shi' was t'diu'ati'il in till* |Mib- lif si'liools ol' t'l'ii- Iri'villi' .'iiiil in Mon- inoiithl'olli'^i', tVoni w hi I'll sill' ^r.'ulu- ali'd in 1HK4, alU'i- warils ^r.'iiln.'itin^ Iroiii till' .Nation.'il School ol" l>ratory, I'hiladi'lpliia, i'a. Shi' is a ini'tnbi'r ol" till- I'lohibition I'arty, olllio liiiioil l'ri'si)vti'r iit'liiiiih, oiiiu'W. c. I. r., .'iiul ot tllr WoniOil's .Miss. Soi'., and an ailivo worker in I'onni'i't ion with I'ai'li. Ili'f most I'lTi'i'livi' work lor t I'Tiipt'ra iii'i' .'mil rrohibition is upon Ihi' pl.'itri>rin in lu'r piiblii- ri'i'it.'ds, in whii'll sill* ili;in;ij;i's to inlrodmi' somi' powcrlul appeals to the public conscicnci' both ill the seli'i'tions remli'reil anil .-ilso in ori^in.-d ,'uKlri'ssi's, in whii'li she pleads llie cause ol" the Iiotiic .iKainsI (he s.iloon. .Miss Slioniz has laiixlit siiccesslnlly in school and collcffe, and everywhere shown her symp.ithy .iiid devotion lo the Prohibilion cause. She .ippears lo li.ive .111 aOinily lor the \V. C". T. V. work, as she is t'reipienlly .issoci.ited with Ihem in their St.ite .inil N.ition.d ^'.itherinffs as a reader and helper in their work, and is most slron^^ly endorsed by ni.inv ol' the leaders of that wonderriil or>;.ini/.ition. .Ml who speak or write of her ilescribe her .is .1 ^jeniiis .iiid a true woman, usiii).; her talents to lie.il the heart-break of humanity. 1: MRS. LOL' E. RAI.L is the worthy -Slate Supt. of Mercy Dept., \V. C. T. L'., Indiana. She was bom near L'incinnali, Ohio, Jan. 1 1, 1X59. Her -, . parents were John I H. and Kli/a A. i Bernjifardl. The I father was Klder ' anil Triislee in tlii' Home I'resbyterian L'lnirch. Her edu- cation w;is in iliifer- ■ enl schools. She I ^iTulu.-ili'il from till' i Hijfli School ;il Ml. t Healthy, Ohio. She is a much bi'li>vi'il and active member of t be C' h risi ill n Church ; a I'rohibi- tii»n worker in .'ill W . C. T. I', work ; .'ilsi> in till' Hum.'ini' *, and .\nti-vivisei-tioii Society of .\uror;i, 111. Four years affo jK at the State Con- * venlii>n of Inilian.'i W. C.r. I', she had creii.'d the .Mercy I)i' pa r I mi'iit , o\' which she 1ms bei'ii Slate Snpl. since; also Secy, ol Hiintiiifjlon Humane Society, .-md is now active Vice-Pres. of the AiUi-viviseclion Society, .Aurora, III. She has addressed many and various temperance meelinjfs and conven- tions. She was elected at the Indiana Stale Convention ti> ;ict as delegate lo the National \V. C. T. C Convention at Baltimore in October, 1H95. Mrs. Rail is talented in executive ability, and so very earnest In all of her undertakinjfs that she is ;i living ex.imple lo all temperance workers. H .-r motto is : " Whatsoever thy hand findelh to do do it with thy niijflil, " and is nobly illusirateil in her active and benevolent life. She bi-lieves in Prohibition with all her heart, and looks forward to its speedy triumph. RKV. HKN'RYCOCKS was born in Knj;land, of >foilly parents, Dec. 2H, 1H35. His father was a Methodist loc.il preacher, and beinjj ,'i slron>f tem- perance man be- came a noted advo- cate i>f I he jf ri'.'it tempera nee re- form. The inlluence and f^oilly ex.'iinple of his p;iri'nts h.-td iniii'li lo iti> in inoulil- in^ his bovliot>il life fiir fiituri* useful ser- \ ice. When about 17 ye.'irs ol a^i" he sur- ri'iiiieri'ii himself to Christ. Heconiinj; deeply interested in relijfioiis and inor.il ri'l'orni, he bejj.'in, uiuler I'huri'h direc- tion, lo pre.'ich the Ctospi'I ini'ss.'i^e, .inil to .idvocale ti'injier.'ince. From that d.'iy to this he has ({iveii ffreat stren>;tli lo the tem- pi'r.'ince causi', both by woril and |ien. .A clianne of doc- trinal views led him into fellowship with the late Rev. C. II. Spurgeon, bv whom he was b.'iplixed, and received into the Tabernaile Church in London, IIavin>c spent the full reiiiiired lime in the Pastor's Colleffe, be ; .1- teivd upon the work of the Baptist ministry. .After Iravelliny; for his health in Austr.dasia and oilier lands, he settled in Ontario, Canada. Here he spent several years in pastoral work, ilui'iiig' which time he was a fearless opponent of the liquor tralVic. In tlii^ lemperance canst' he is ;i stronj^ nmii. His lojfical ami cle:ir way of putting IhiiiKs makes him an intereslinjf speaker. He is a stionff Prohibitionist in the State of Kansas, where he now lives. PROHIBITION LEADERS. 77 XATII.W WOOnsWORTll KATON w.-is born at Canning. N. S., April 171I1, ih p 1 f a r t* nu'inbfrs and ht* is an ailhfri'itt of I lit* Mi'lhoilisl I'hunh. In pohtii's lu' laki's thi" slaiul ol liuli'- p I' nil fill . Ml' bi*- lii'vi's in ami is ihiii- IKH'Ifll with lUI so- lil-lil'S fXll'pt llMII- pt'raiu'f orili'rs. lit* in-iiiTiU' a t iuK't of Tf nip era III"*' ;il H \'i'ar's ol" a)4"f: iinilt'il willi llii' Sons wlicMi lu' hail I I'ai'lu'il til- tfi*n yrars, and I'on- liinit's lo lu- an ai'- livf nu-nibcr of this i^rili-r. Ill- has born iMijfajffd in llu" shi|V building iniliislry tliniii); Ihi- xn-ali'r part of bis lifi-, ami is a parlnor in and niana)fiM- ol llii' Spi-nriM's IslamI V."onipany, who i"arr\' on that busint'ss, as woU as a j^-i'm-ral nirrranlilf oms al SpiMirors Island, L'lniibi'rland t'ounly, Nova Sfotia. llrisal pi\'si*nt rrsiiliiij^ <'il bis olil lionu' at (.'aniiin^. Ho modest Iv I'lainis only to bi* of tin* rank and lili- of IVohibi- tionists, yi'l hi' has laki-ii siii'li a ilislinrtivi' stanil on this ^roat qni'slion that olhi'rs havo i-onsiiU-ri'il him as a li>adi-r. lit- ^avo ovidfiiii- of Ins /i-al lor tin- lausi' of tonipi'iami' and I'rohibi- tion b\- taking' a vi-ry jii'tivi' inli'ri'sl in tlu* Pi'ohibition l*ai'I\' movt'iiii'iit in Cumborlaiid Comity, and ri-ndi-ring it all llu- .-.id in his powor. THOMAS NIXON, of tbi- lily of Winnipoff , in tho Provincf iif .Manitoba, in ihr Dominion of Canada, was born in Ibo city of Dublin, Iroland, i— anil is now in the sovi'iity-third year of bis a^e. Ht* has bffii for ovtT half I a it'nliiry idt-iititifd wit h t hf ti-mptT- I ani'f i-;iusf ; ll.'ls bi't'ii a nifiiibor of Ihf IiidfptMulfnt O r il f r o f t; ood TiMiiplars for np- wariis of forty yrars, anil has been an iintiriuK^ ailvo- lalf of till' prohibi- tion of Ihi' lii|ii«r tiiillii' ever siiife the t'liaft 111 flit oi t he .Maine l.iw. He was for \i'ars Siiperiii- lendenl of Sihools in the North Killing of t h e C o II n I y of York ill the I'rov- 1 11 e e of O II I ;i r i o . He lemoveil from j Toronto to W'iiini- ~ "' pf){in the ye.ir 1H74, liavin^r been ;ip- pointeil by the Dominion lioverimient ;is p,'iy m.'ister ,'uid pur- veyor for the I'anadi.'Mi I'.uitie Uailw.iy as well iis agenl of the Mounted Poliee. During the last fourteen years he has been in the employ ol the C'anadi.in r.iiilie Hallway Company as the Ki);lit of Way .Aneiit of the Western Division of that jjreat eiiter]>risi'. .Mr. Nixon is known Ihroujfhoul the Domitiioii as an effeetive and pleasiiiff platform speiiker, and has always advoealed, .ind in nnniistak;ibli' terms, the iliity ol the l.egisl.'itors of the Do- miiiion of Canad.t lo prohibit the mamifaeture and sale of In- toxicating litjuors for beverage purposes. Ki:\-. AI.HKRT C.AI.I.ATIN LAW SON, A.M., D.D., born in I'oujfhkeepsie, N. ^■., June 3, 1H4J, was educ.iteil al the public schools, llieCollejfe of New \'ork City, ;ind Colffale I'ni- versily, Hamilton, N . \ , He c o 111 - menceil to pre;icli al Perth .\mboy, N. J., in iK()i ; \i;is p;is- tor there from iK6j to !«(>(>; at Poii>{h- keepsie from iHdb to |S()7, and of the tireenwood HaptisI Church, Hrooklvn, N. v., from 1H67 to 18H4. He was I'li'cleil Cor'responil- ing- Sei-relar\' i^t' I hi' A. U.K. .M.S. in 1HH4. .iiid removed lo Hosion, wheiii-e be went to Camden, N. J., in i«t,i. He united wilh the S. ^"ti T. in iStH, wiis elected C. W. P. of ■New Jersey, ;inil ;i lepresental ive lo the .National Divi- sion in 1867. He b.'is been Cliairm.Mi of Lonmutlee for calling of five ililVerenl National Temperance Conventions, and of the Committee of the Worlds Temperance Conveniion at Cliica){o in i8qj, ||e is the author of many temperance Ic.illels, and of pnhlicaiions on church work, besides many contributions to the press. Kor vears be was editor of the temperance department of " The Xation.al Baptist," and has been closely identified with the National Temperance Society and I'ublicatioii House. In "Pen Portraits of Illustrious .Abstainers," Geo. W. Hunif.iy calls him "The hard working committee man." Dr. I.awsoii is a graceful and eloi|iient speaker, ami his services as a lecturer are in great demand. KKV. C.KOKCIK WKHBKK.a well-known Methodist minister ;ind lemperanci' woi ker, t^f Toronto, was born in Devonshire, 1-ng., April 15, iS.^H, the son of John ;ind Druscilla Webber. He was eiliic.'iit'd in his native locality, and spent his early life in Kngland. He was converted at the age of 17, and became a meinber of the Hible Chris- ■ K'" Church, with which he leniained identified until its union in Canada with the Methodist I Imrcli, some years .igo, since which he h .1 s b e e n a well- known worker in ihe latter denom- irialion. He bec.ime .1 local preacher at 18, and ten years litter entered t he regular ministry, which has been hi.s life work ever since. He filled ;i number of important sta- tions in Kngland, .ifler which he came lo Canada, and has since beendoing eireclive work in Prince Kilward Islaiul and the Province of Onl.irio. I"or llie lasl I welve ye.irs lie has been in Toronto. He has filled various imporlani church positions, from the President of the Conference downward. He was married in August, 1864, in Kngland, to Knima Naunce, of Liskeard, Cornwall. He has been ill the temperance baniess ever since he began his public life work. He was a member of Ihe L'nited Kingdom Alliance in Kngland, do- ing his first public platform work with that powerful body. He was one of the pioneers of the Prohibilion movement in his own church. His family have never seen intoxicants in their home. IJ boon piolly woll known ai a toinpi'ianio wmki'i atui wiiicr lor nian\' yoais past, was luirii in Aili'l- phtistoui), I'ppoi' Canada, <\\. JS. iH ^, ilu* iMih (.'litlil ..l' Will.l \V. anil S a r a li 1'' a r I o y I'asi'v. Ill' is i>(' I'ni I o il K in pi 10 l.oyalisi siiu'k. His ^{lanillalliois, pa- trrna) anil uialor- nal, wiMf liiilli I'. I^. pii>ni'i'i' si'tlli'rs iMi 111*' siiori's of till- Ma\ ot ^iiinti' hi'- I'oif I'ppiT C'anaila was r'l'^nlai'lyostali- lishoil as a I'rov- iiu'i*. lie was I'lln- laloil a I \'irloiia I'olii'^i", t'ohouix- C^nl., anil niarrioil, Manli 4, 1S57, Ainia Kn»pi'>, a wi'Il- known Christ Ian anil t iMnpi'rani'o worki'r. Hi' bo- lott^s U> a Mi'llioil- isl anil'lomporani-o family. His fjraiuU'alhor was .1 inomb'T ol tlio first Motlioilist ilass fomioil in Ilu- l'n>viiiri' in I7<).', .inil ro- niainoil a nu-inhi'r lo llu' linu- ol liis ili'.ilh. His lalln'r was llio If.-iilor of .1 sorlion olllii' sanio il.iss up lo his iloalh; hi- has boi'ii .1 nii'inhor of tlio sanio ihnrrh sinro i.S'yi'.'irs of .ijii'. Ilo li.is hoi'ii a lifi'-lon(i- total ahstaiiu'r, not knowinif tin- t.islo of most kinils of liquors. Ho joinoil llu- S. of T. at iH, anil ihi' d. T's a lonplo of years lator. Ho is ;> momhor of Ilio O. I>iv., anil of thol'i. I.oilifo, I. O. l"i. '!"., and was lor 17 m'.its I'l. Soo. for the I'rov. Pnrin); that tiino till' Ordor atl.iinod its jfro.ili'st stron^jtli and n\.inliorship. Ilo w.is 16 yoars editor of tho "Canada Caskol, tho liadin^f lon\por- anco woekly of its day, and has ovor sinio boon an I'dilori.d writ or. MIS.S KI.I.A .MOl'KAT, of M.irshalllown, Iowa, is a vory brixhl anil aolivo woman in moral and sooial rolorin work. Sho li.is boon oflon ro- lorrod lo by hor inlim.'iti* frii'tids un "a nalural-born a>{ilator." Sho whs born ni'ar W'ati'r- lowii, \. \'., Juno j^, iHsb. Hor par- oil Is woro .\K'X- .indor l'. .Moffat and Sarah Sntith. Hor mothor's an- I'ostry wi'ro (Jii.ak- ors, whi> I'.'inii' from Kni^l.'ind lol'onnsyl- vani.'i in ittH^, anil woi'i* amon^ tlu' lii'st whilo soltlorH in ihoir looalily. U'hon sho was a i;iil of 14 hor par- ents in o V o d t o I o w ;i . S il o w ;i s oihii'atod at .Albion Sominary. Sho is ,1 woin.'in of >;rcnt aotivity of mind ;ind body, .iiul of proiii>uiu'i'il viows. Shi' ilosi'iibos horsolf as "a l.'i>n^ri');.'itionalisi from tho i-rown iif my lioail io tho solos of my fool, hoo;iiiso tlioy ordain woinon ininis- ti'rs, ;inil li'l o\oi \ oiii- h.ivo a \oioi' .'iiiil \oto in all C'liuri'h affairs," ■ iiid also "a I'rohihiiionisi, ili',ir through and lliron>;h. ' Sho is a iiu'inbi'i of I ho W'.l. T. l'., I ho State S.ibbalh t>hsorvanoo .\ssooia- lion, tho Si, -it I' Woman s I liime .\ssoi'., tlu' N.il. Woman "s Snffra^o .\ssoe., the Amor. I'lirily .\lli., and the V. .\l. C. A. .\iixili.iry. Sho is now Si.ilo Siipt. ol the U'.C. T. I'. Kr.iiuhise I Vpl., .iikI Slate Snpt. of Kiiioliiieiil for Wom.ins Siiffr.i^'o .\ssoi-. She is an effoelivo plat- form spo.iker in liehalf of l'iohihiiion,Ki|iialSiilVra^;e,.inilSiK'ial I'lir- it_\, .'Mill soini'linu's reli'rs to hersi'lf ;is *'.\ l'hilaiithri>pii' Trjimp," .'inil faiu'ii's she will .hIw.hxs ri'inain so, as slii* was born that w.'iy. HI.MKS. PKI.IA S. WKATIlKKItV, of 1 ent lomperaneo worker, equal sutViaifist % f ^ ! t I ' 1 i ! j t i.^-^ Koy, K.in., .1 proinin- eilui'.ator anil writi'i", w;is bi»rn in Copley, Sunnnil Couiily, O., June 7, 1^4,1. Her lathi'r w;ist"ol. John C. Sle.ons, of j'uri- l;iii ;i nei'sl ry , a noli'il abol it ionist and loinperanoead- voi'.'iti'. Slio was anaelive wmkor for I he solilii'is in her home town ihirinj; the C'ix il War, .inil l:iter on joini'd the Ci. T's, aiul ilevoti'il mneh .'iltonlion lo the I e III pe r.a n i' i* work. Shi' was mar- ried, nei-.j^,iW)S,lo Rev. ^•. S. Wealher- h\,a .\I. I'^ minisli'r, of Ihe Norlli Dliio C'oilfereiiei'. In 1.S70 tlii'y niovi'il lo K.'in- sas, where her Inis- !';'.!vl was.'ippoinleil I'r.ifossorol .\i„ ieni l..'ui>i:n:i^osin Haki'r I'niversitv, lorali'il al Hiildwin. There throe ohildren were born to them two sons and a dau>fliti r. After nine ye.irsat Haldw in, .Mr. We.ilhei by at;,iin entered the itinerant niinislr\', but failing lu'aith o.'tusi'd him lo L|uit in 1H87, .md retire to a country homo, Sunnysiilo, near I.e Koy, K;»ii. Sho b.'is boon for years :i Whito-Ivibboner in i'i>nni'i"lion with the W. C. T. L"., and Stale Supt. of I'ross Oept., and also I.oe.il and County I'res. Siiuo 18H4 has boon aolively identified with the Probibilion Party ; was then eandidalo for Co. Supt. of I'ublie In- strnotion for throe olootions, e;uh noniinalion boinj; without her knowledKo or request. Was a dolo)i-ale lo Ihe N. Pro. Con. at Cin- oinnnti; was a ilolojfale lo Ihe I. ay Conferenoo of S. Kansas M. K. Conference in 1888. She is qi'ile a fre -luent writer for Ihe press. KKV. T horn al Ual( J' i>.'h, I.KC.i;, lit; Rush Co., lid Secy. I. O. Inil., .\pril ij I Ci. T., Indiana, was 1841), the family re- nuivin^: .•ilierwards lo Tipton Ci>., Iiid. I His early life was •■pent in the hard ^^^^^^^ toil incident lo fron- ^^^^^^^^k .1 >{re.it lover ' 1^^^ of books, he made ^k ^^^^ ^^B up in hi>mo study ^m ^pL HF lacked ■ a^K^ si'hoi>l opporluni- ^^.l *Sl ,' lies, lie be^fan li'.'ichin^ in Ihe pub- lic si-hi>ols in iK()q, ;uul I'oiitiiuii'd till .\pril, 1884, when ho bi'i'anu' an insur- ance solicitor, con- liituiii^ till .\ovem- bor, i.'^i).'. lU- be- came ,1 Ct. T. al the orj^.'tnizalion of l.ov;ansporl Lodfjo, \o. 1 1 ^, and has hlled many ollicos in Ihe Suboiilinalo, Pistrict .'iiiiI (ir.'ind l.ol^^■es. Hi' w;is a represeiilative in l!ie Kilinbury^ session of the l\. \\". '.. I .. and was chosen Cirand Secretary .it the Cirand I-od^e session of i8i)i, .md n'-olectod in i8i)j, iHi)(, iS<)4 ,iiid 18115. "^' became a member of Ihe Christian C'luiri'h in iSImj, anil li.'is bi'i'ii ,'in entliusi;istii" anil successful Sun- ilay Sclioi>l .Supt. from Ihi' hrsl. In adililion to his duties as Cininil Secret.iry he is Ihe State Sunday School p;van>;ehst for the Christian Clnircli of Indian.i. He is Past Hiffh Chief^ Ranker ot the Iiulepemli'iil Orili'r of !''oreslers, anil rojirosonted Indiana in Ihe Supreme Court sessions belli in I.oiulon, Cil.-isjfow :ind Hi'lfast, in .Vu^iist, 1.^05. His successful m.'in.-i^ement of the financial .ifTairs of the Indiana Cuand I.odffo of Ciood Templars, has excited the admirution of all concerned. P R O H I H IT I O N L E A 1) K R S 79 THOMAS \V. n.WIS, now of DUkiiisoii loll.>>{t>, I'arlislo, I'a., ami Slalf I'lrsiili-m of llif ImUm -t'olli'jftaU- I'loliihitioii .\>mi- i*iatii>ii. was botn at l.vki'iis, I'a., July 4, iM)(i. His laliit'r was a \\'i*ls)i iniiuT aiiil a |iiiblii' s|X'ak- t'V itt* no iiu'an abil- ity. Ill' ilii'il whin tlu' siibji*i't ol' this skflrli was but lo \"i'aT"s ot i'l^ft', li'a\ - in>; Ins inotlirr with li V I' I'll ililri-n. of wliiih 111' was till' I'lili'st, vory poofly priuiili'il tor, so Car ;is nu'ans of siib- sisti'nri" wiTi' I'oii- iriiu'il. Sill' was ;i laitlilii! woiii.'iii, who iliil wi'll lii'r |>.irt, .'tiiit litT I'lili'st sun worki'il h.'ii'il in llu- 111 i Ill's, iii'ViT i"r- rrivill^" i>\'i'r $lo a Mioiit h, anil t tins tu'tpi'il till' laniily tlirou^li Ilu'ir i';irly __. ^'i'i'KK'*"*' llt'i'i>n- "~ tiinii'iltb;it work iin- lil past ;ii, and then i'nKa)fi'il in biisini'ssoii tiis own ri'sponsibility. Hf was then oonvertfil ami cntiTi'il on a iirw lit'i-, spiritually, I'llu- lation.illy, ami linanriatly. Ttiat w.is his tiiniiiiK point. I'p (ill that linii'lii' li.iil ivioivi'il tnit little silioolinn. ami had lU'Vi'r ri-ad but four books. Hi' soon I'liti'ii'd niikinsoii e'olli'jfi' rri'p.iraloiy School, and ri'inaini'd llni'o yoars, tlii'ii tlu' iolli'>;i' ilassiral loursi', whirli lu' lias not yi'l loinpli'li'il. In iHi)4 lit' I'liti'ird llii' li'ituro fii'ld in ttii' iiiti'tests of rioliibilion, .iml ti.is bi'i'ii vi'iy suci'ossful, niaiiv lalls lOiniiiK^ to hini for tiis si'rv iri's. Ho is;i pop- ular spoaki'r and a lint' siiiKi'r. Ho won tlii' tirsl oratoriiat pri/.o ;it Williainsporl not lon^f a>;o in tlio C'olli'jfo Stati' Oratorical lonlcst, wlit'ro an audii'iu'c of J,ooo persons wore pri'sont. MISS ANNA M. SAINOKKS, of l.imohi. Neb., tl. C. T., of the I. O. 11. T. of thai Stair, was born in .Vorlhamplonsliirf, Kiijf. Hi-r parenlH ininiiKrati'd lo Ne- brii s k a i 11 I Hdy, wln'ii she was yet .i yoiiii^ I'liikI, ami liiivi' ii'sidi'il tlii'ri' siiiii'. Her fallii'r, Willi.'iin Saunders, was the founder i>f the lowii of I'lia- ililla, and is a siie- eesst'ul busiiieHH man,. mil .in earnest t I'liipi'ra iii'e aiul L'tiristian wiirker. Hi'iii^ the oiliest oi I'i^liI I'hililren, she enile.'ivoreil early in life to i-tiltivale a spii it of self-ilepen- di'iiee. Shi' be^aii tt'i'ii'Iiiii); whi'ii ipiite y oiinj;, then learned tele);r;ipliy and j book-kei'pinyf, ;ind 1 obtained a position in one of the rail- way I'onipanies, Stie eoinpleted her ediieatioii in the I'liiversity of .Nebrask.i, ami jifterw.irds bejfaii her public work .is Stale I'inanci.il Ajjcnt of ttie .Nebraska State Missionary Society of the C'hrisli.in C'liiirch, in which position she was very successful. She becaine .i d. T. in 1S72. John M. 'riiurston, now I'. S. Si'iijilor, w;is (i. t". T. .-it that time. She soon liecaine .1 member of itie Cii.ind l.odjfc .iiiil has been a lejfiil.ii at- ti'iulaiit at all its si'ssions siiici'. She lias been .-ilso one of its repre- senl.itives in llie liilirnalioii.il .Siipri'ine I. oil^e for some years. She was elected Vi. W. T. in iSKi, ,'iiid hekl tli.it ollice four years. She has bei'ii un.'inimousty te-eli'cteil li. C". T,, ami is now serv- ing; her liftli consecutive term in tli.it important otlice, the only woman in the world now occiipyinjf a similar position in the Order. .MRS. AnniK I.OIISK IIOWKS, of Newport, K. I., is a well-known temperjince .-itul C'liristian worker. She w.'is born iie.'ii .\n^nsta. Me., Oct. 5, 1S51), the il.'iii^hli'r of S.'imni'l L". .'Mill .Anna Ki'ii- nedy. She r'l'ci'ivi'il much of her eiliica- tioii h\ her own I'.'irnest ami si'lf- laiijfht elVorts. She bi'^;iii lii'r c.'irei'ras ;i teacher at thea^e of 14 years, ;ind taii^'ht in the ^r;ul- etl schools of .Au- j4;ust;i for S yi'.'irs with inncb success, nuiiiij^ tli.'it time sill' pu rsueil t he stiitly of till' lan- ^ii.'i^i's, ami took t I1 e L'h.'iuta iiqna coursi' tif ri'.'iiliTiij^. She travelled two vears. She inarried Kev. M. S. Howes, a Baptist minister, who w;is I'.'illeti to the pastor.ite of the Second Baptist t'liiircli, at Newport, U. I., wliere'lhey still reside. There she has taken a zealous p.-irt in the temperance work, and has lov.illv co- operated with her husbaml in every ^ootl wiirti anil work Hotli are staunch advocates of the Prohibition movement. She became Pres- ident of the Newport W.C". T. I'., and has been its representative lo the .State Concor.t'ons, and also to the National Coiivetition held at H.'dtimore, j'.t both of whicli she tt^'^k ;i pri>iiiiiient part. She is an able and effective speaker, .'ind her addresses l,i;v,' been spoken hijfhly of by the leadinif papers. She has rare tad ;ind abililv io read human nature, eoinbined with the push, iiitelliifence and ability to render her a success anywhere. She has g^iven m.iiiy readin>;s, addrei'Ses, ({ospel talks, aiid'papers of much worth and popularity. MK. A. v.. HKOWN, of H.innib.il, Missouri, a leading Pro- hibition worker in that St.ite, w.is born in the Stale of .Miclii);an in 1H41). His par- ents both died while he was yoiiTijf, ;iiid he has had to lar>;e- ly ili'pend on his own energy and eti'orts to m.ike his way so successfully in the world. He lived on ;i farm in his native State until iS ye.-irs of a^■e, and then went to .Missouri, where hi' h.'is since re- sided. He followed r.i i I roa dinjf for ye.'irs, ;iml bei-;uiie extensively known .'is one of the popu- l.ir conductors. He is now eii>;a>ifed in mercantile busi- ness in Hannibal, beiiiff also actively enjf.iffeil in temper- .'ini'e. Prohibition and Christian work. In all such work he is a well-known enthusiast, — one of the very class on whoso efforts so much depends in the education and advancement of public opin- ion in cereal reform movements. He was converted in 1H87, and became a member of the Presbyterian Church, and has since been di>in>i; his bi'st, with the time and opportunities at his disposal, in helpiiifif in the advancement of the various branches of its j^reat work. He also became united with the Prohibition Party. His decided conviction is that thristian and I'ro'iibition work should ;m hand in hand; that thus the roujjli places can be made smooth for pro^ivs^ ;;iy,' success. I le was the Parly candidate for Railroad Commissioner for the hirst Distriit in 1S92, and received 766 votes more than the candidate for Governor. 8o PROHIBITION LEADERS. «l n J JOHN SIMMONS KKM wiis h..iii al WVst C.rovr. I'.i., Auk- 7, ■N47. Mis ratlior, Hfiijaniiii Kt'iil, it iiuiii of line inicllfii aiul (oriT oi t'lianu'IiT, iiiiil Ills tnollit-r, lliinnnli Siiiiiiions, a wiiiiian ol ran- I'lKlinvinoiit, well' h'ru'iuls aiul t'anir'»l I i- 1 til MUM- s. I'Mu- i-ati*il in tlu' piihlif St hxolsaiiil a m-ixli- tioi'in^ ai'ailrim , al .' I lir i'aiiu* tit i'liila- ilflpltia. Kii^a>;i*il on Irtat al tlnfc ilol- lais |HT wfi'k in a Innihi'i' van), tlit> i-onnlr'\ lail. tn ilili- ^t-iu't> anil litU-lily, liMnul liiinsi'll pro- nioU'il st> la pi illy I lia I wit Inn li \ r yi-ars In- was part- ner iti iht' linn nt N'lM'iTuss, Ki-nt ^ ill., anil lain J. S. Kt'iit C'o. . Ill wliii'h Ik- is now pivsiiU'iil. Mr is livasiMvr ol I li f Iioi'OukIi o I Sw .III Innoii-, .iiul lu'.'iil 111" si'vi'ral ini- poi'tanl iiinmuTiial onli ' prisfs. 0\\ Srpl. jjmi, 1S7J, lu' w.is inarrit'tl lii .Marv T., ymin^fsl il.'ui>;h(i'i' nT Win. anil S.iiali W'l'h- sliT. Mrs. Kfnt lias Ioiik lii'rn tlir ' 'ailiT aiul lilifial siippoiliT nl iVnion-st Mfilal i'linli-st work ut Pi'l.iwaii' I'unnly, wiu-iv llu-y now ri'siili'. Siiu't' 1S7S .Mr. Ki'iit l;;is I'liii'ri'il lu'arlily into l*ro- hihitiim work, iisin^ his wiiU- inlliii'iirt', voiri* .ami \iiti* to promote thi* pai'l\' hr assist nl loiir^ani/o: noininati-il lor i."on^rl•ss in iX<>i : ili'It'^.'ilt' to Iho .\at. l.'on. in iSi)j ; l*ro. r.-iiul. lor Stair '{"ii'i'isnri'r in |S<).1; li.is bern .1 ilrUxali' to ovimv I'lnnily anil Smio ioii- Vfntion siiu'iMlir iir^ani/ation nl" tlu- I'ro. I'artv. Mi' .ulvoi'atos woman's suffrajft", soiial parity, sin^rlr tax, .inil kinilri-il ivlorins. MKS. I l..\K.\ now KS was iM.rn July .list, 1^54, mar Ti|V IHvHiiOf, O. Ili-r lalliiT ami iiioIIht, J. li. .iml Kli^a Whiirtoii, WiMT ol" Kn^lisli ill'- sii-nl aiul ivloitii- ITS. Shf was miir- rii'il in 1H75 to J. C (liiwi's. lii-r ratluT ,inil hiishaml vole I I) 1* I'riili i hit ion Ink I' I, anil .Mrs. I lowi's onl\' tails lit ilo till' sanu' hi'- I'atisi' shi* lai'ks ilu* li').(al ri);ht. I'ntil ri'i'iMitly sill* was a inrmhiM' ol" tlu* M. \'.. l"liiiri'h, hut now is .-li'tivi'U' iilt'nti- lii'il with Ilu- M.I'. iliiirrh .mil Sinulay Si'hool. Shf h;is i'h;ir>;i* ol" oni" hun- ilii'il anil I w iMily- livi- I'hilihi-n in tlu* Junior V. 1'. S. C. I'-. , w horn sill* i% inslrui'lin^ in thi* lit I'r.it art* ol' Ilu' l,o\'al 'ri*mpt*raiuH* l.i'Hion. .Slu* has hi>i>n a raithlul Sini- il;i\ .Srhoiil U*ai"Iu*r hir i*i>fhii*fii yi*ars. Shi* is an a«'tiv<* W. I". T. l'. worki'r, liaviii>; lu*lil ilifli-ri'iii olVui's in tlu* liir.il union. Slu* w.is County Tivas- uri'r ol Ihr W. C. T. l'. in Tiisraiawas County last yi'ar, anil was al till* l.isl C'linvi'iitioii i*li*rti'il l'ri*siiK*nt lor tlu* lounty. Thoiijfh nut having; Ihr .iilv.inl.i^i's ol a iolli*>;f t'lliii'.itioii, Mrs. Iliiwrs has, sinrt' lu'r ilisirii't niIiooI tr.iiiiin>;, larm*ly imprinril hi*f opporlunilii's ol" rultiiri*, .'(nil h.'ts writti-n imu'h I'lir tlu* pri*ss ol lii*r liu'.'ilrly .mil lor various p.ipi*rs ol tlu* Slati*. Slu* li.is holh hy rorri*sponilrnri> aiul in t*ilitorial utti*iaTUi*s slron>{ly ailvorati'il sori.il purity, lt'm|H*rani'i>, ami I'mhihition. Slu* ivsidrs at Uhrlcs- \illi*, l>hio. n I MRS. C. I'ORNKI lA .M.I'OKn, of Hiinanlson, Mass., Pros, of till' Non-r.irtisan .N'.ilion.il \V. I'. T. l'., has hi'ionu' well- known .'tiul rt'spfi'l- i*d hy all hor 10- worki'rs in that I or^.'ini/a I ion .'ill ovi*r till* I'nili'tl Sl,'iti*s. Slit' wiis horn .'It Ht*i'n.ii'ilstin, M.iss., I'Vhy. iHlh, 1K4J, till* ilaiij;hli*r 111" ni*iiry .'iiul S\ 1- \iiiia Sl.'itt*. Slu* i'i*i-t*ivi*il ,'i lihi*i'.'il t'llui'alitin at I'lOoil- ;ilt> .'\t'ailt*iiiy .'mil ollu*r sthools of lu*r nalivi* town. Slu* i-~ .'I iiu'inhi'r iy\' tlu* C" i> n ^ r i*>C'i* iona I L'liui'i'h, ,'iiul polilii'- <'ill\' in s\'iiip.'itli\' with till* Ki*puhlir;iii Party. .Slu* has lor years taken a 11 .•ii'tive .'iiid proini- nent position in the r.'inks ol" the N'oii- I'artis.m W. I.'. T. _! I'., an oi'i^.'ini/ation differinjj^ widely in opinion from the older W. T. I', on the propriety of an intimate conneelion with the Prohiii ilon Party or with .iny other parlieular p irty. .She has filled the position of Pies, both of her Sl.ile W. C T. I', and of the National L'liion. She h.is also been Tiv.'is. of both bodies. She has devoted a ^ood deal of alteiitioii to the Seientilic Temperance instruction movement, and has been efficient in her efforts for securinff laws providinjf for such instruction in tlu* schools all over the various .Slates. In tliis jjreat work she has been asso- ciated with Mrs. Mary H. Hunt and other well-known workers. On the platform, throujfh the press, in the ranks of the orjfanizations, and by personal efforts, she hath ilone what she could for twenty- five years in the Master's cau.se. UH. STKPIIKN HOWKKS. editor of the "falifornia Voice," I. OS .\ii).(eles, C'al., was born in Dearborn toiintv, liui., March 3, 1 S ^ 2 . He was rt*art*il .and edu- cati*il near liulian.'i- polis. 1 11 1X5(1 he was licenst'il to pre.'u'h, .'iiul i*nteretl I 111* liuli.-m.'t .Mt*tlioil- isi Conference. His i-ounnaiiil i n^ tal- ents soon pl;iet*d him in tin* front r.'inks, anil lu* w.'is I ra nsl"t*rri*il toll r.'u'e C"liurch, Nt*wport, Ky.; from there to S.'ilem, C")re. Fail- ing' Ilea 1 1 h of his laiiiily rei|uii'ed his removal to Califor- nia, .'iiiil after lour years ministry he returneil to Indi.'ui.'i h\ i 11 V i I a lion a n d w.'is st.'itioneil at Iii- dian.'ipolis. lit* re- turned to C.'ilif.tr- ni.'i, where his wife and son died. He then spi*iit ^ome time in Wisconsin for the National Hiire.iu of Kthnolojfy, and in 1K80 be>can his literary career which lu* has followeil ever since. He served in defence of Ilu* I'nion as a first lieutenant and was promoted to chaplain. He received the dejjree of M.A. from tlu* Indiana Stale I'niversity, nd Ph. O. from Willamette I'liiversity. He has been a vohin ,ious writer on moral and scientific subjects, and is one of Ilu* most eloquent and effective platform speakers in the Pacific States. His addresses and writinjfs li.ive attracted wide attention. He is a member of ;i lar)fe number ot scientific stnieties in Kurope and America. He is still in his prime, and promises still much effective work for I'rohibition. P R O H I B ir I () N LEADERS •l J. M. I'.W'.WKSS, A.H., A.M., was lH)rii in .Moiiroviii, liul., Maivli ji), 1M4J. Ilii piiiviits wiTf I'lhiiii l'., ol Kiviuli nmi".iry, ami .Mary .Viiiii'k l'a\;iiu'»»s, ol litT- inait i!«'si"i'nl. IK' Weill li> Kansas in 1H5I1 iitul w;is rtUi- lalfilal H.ikiT liii- viMsil\ . KiailiialiiiK in iHM), a iniMiilHT til llw liisl ilass Id I'Kinplrlc I ill- ifjfii- jar I'j.issir.'il i-oiirsi'. Ill' lu'iarni' I'llilor III llu'C'lu'li>|i.i".\il- vaiiri' in iK;.), anil sitlt' prtiprii'tiH' in 1M74, .iiul (hiring his i'iiiint'i'lii>n lias wajji'il uiu'i'asin^ warl.in' aj,'aiiisl tin' li>|iiiukIi ri'an'il aiul ciltu'al- I'll in .\. larol ii.i, was an iiiu-oni|iroin- isiiij; I'lU'iny ol iii- I I'll! pc rami' a nil slavi'iy. For two M'ars prit>r Ui llic p.issaf;t' ol'tlii' Kan- sas I'rohihilorv law llii'ii' wi'ic 110 saloons in t'lulopa, .1 larl .il- Iriliiili'il lai'Ki'ly lo his iinrcli'iilin^' w.-irlaii' .i^ainsl tin- I'vil. Kf- I'.iiisi' ol ihis hosiility his lili- has iri'ipifnlly lii'iMi llnvali-in'il. lit' lias hi'cn a nu'inlu'r of llio Mi'lhoilisl Kpisiopal I'linivh siiuc hi- was si'vi-nli'i'ii vi'.iis olil, anil siipciiiiii'iiilinl ol llio Snnilay Sriiool niosl of llu' liiiif liii- ovi-r I wi'iily -livi' yi'.iis. Ili' h.is .ilso hfi'ii a loi'al pit'.'ii'hi'r, anil w.is in ilu' .-irtiio work Iot- <'i Tow yi'.'irs. Hi' li.is wrilli'ii iniuli in llir way ol' poi'liy ol a ili'volional naltirr, anil, with his lirolluT, .Mr. .\. .\. H. L'av.ini-ss, has a voh'.mi' of poi'ins ill i-ixirsf iyf pi ,'p;iratioii. I lo w.-is in.-irrii'il in l^*73 to .Mary I. .Swallow. Thi'ir throi' rhililri'ii .ill onli'ii'il Haki'r I'Tiivi'isily in iSijv III' is a Kt'piihlii'.'in. .MKS. .M.\KU1N H. HAXTKR w.is born in l.ilihflolil, Mich., .\pril 11, iHvi. Hi-rlallu'r, Ki'v. .\. K. Haliroik, wiisHii Ailventiitl pri'aihiT, and her inolht-r, Mary Hab- I'oi'k, was Olio of thf "I'li'il wonu-n. " .Mrs. HaxliT has ofti'ii liofii lit-aril lo say, " .Ml I am I owe lo llial sainted w o in a 11 I I' H 1 1 <■ d rnolhi'r. " Hrri'hild- liooil il a y s w t" r «• spt'iit in Jonrsvillt', of Saniaiitha AIUmi fanif. Thfri", in iHyi, sill' inaili' her niaiili'ii sprt'ih, and iliiTf, ill iHy^, she inarrifd C. K. K. H a X t e r , son of Jiidkie l.i'vi Baxter. Her husband rc- joiees .'ind I'lieoiir- a>fes her in her pub- lii- work. She lia.s one dau);liler I Mary ' ' Healriee) who jfives jfreal promise of a useful life. As u speaker, Mrs. Bax- ter ranks ,iiiion){ the best, and liasa well-earned eoiitinental fame. To While Uibbimers she is known and loved as the one-time leader of the noon-day nieeliiij{s in Willard Hall, the Temple, and eonlribiilor to the iliariiiiiiK "Willard H.ill \ooii-Tide Links." .\t present she is leetiirer and linaiui.il a^ent for the National Woinen's Christian Temper.iiue rnioii. She eomes from I'uritan stoek, and louiits no saeriliee loo ffreal for love and duty. Her intimate friends testify to her gentleness, and unHinehin>( pur- pose. In eliildliood she dreamed dreams and heard voices, .'iiid the voices kept ever telling of some life work she had to do, and she h.is not the least iloubt that dreams and voices were of Clod. .MKS. KI>WI\ B. .MAHOOn, of rittsbuixh, IVnn., whose maiden name was Atiti.i Watson Keed, was born in that city, .iiid in I SHo was mai'rieil in M.'ir- i|ii.iiul (.'h.'ipel, .New I la\i*n, L'oiiii. Her paiviils were l>avid Keed .iiiil Sarah A. M I- Kin lu'v . S h e w;is I'llucati'il at the Newell Institute, Pittsbin^h, iiilil is also ;i ^raiiuati' of the I'ittsbur^fh School of Oesijfii. She is a member of the First I'niied Pri'shyti'ii.-in C'li. in her iiativi' I'ity. Slu' upholds the I'rohi- bilioii p.'irtv politi- cally. She has held the oflice of I'resi- ilent of .1 W. C. T. I'., .'inil is at pres- ent Si'i'ti't a ry ot till' i.'i'iiti;il L'nion, Pittsburgh, anil C"i». Su|n. of the Sab- bath School Depl. of till' l'nion for .Alli'gh.'inv Co. The L'nion oi whii'h she is a inenibi'r hekl ,-i great many successful indoor and outdoor ineelings .it Herron Hill reser- \'oir, and she took a very actiw p.'irt in pri>iiioting these. M the time of the vote on the C'oiistitiilional .Ameiuinu'iit in f.'ivor of Prohibition, she had her l-o*. ;il Tciiiper;ince Legion singing ;it the polls, and looked after the ;ippoiiitnieiit of men in districts where trouble was anticipated. The .Amendment being defeated, she tried, by remonstrances, lo keep the s.iloon out of the eleventh and thirleentli (her osvii) wards. In her W, C. T. V . Sabbath .School Dept. she wrote memorials to several of the Churches recommending the observance of the fiinrtli Sabbjith of November as Teniper.iiice Sabbath, and all of them were adopted. REV. JOHN B. ENGLISH, D. D., M. D., was born in Car- rollton, Ciieene Co., III., June j6, 1845, beint; the son of Lindsey H. and Arab ell English. He wiis educated at Shurt- leff College and Theological Semin- ary, L'pper Alton, III., and the Balti- more Medical Col- lege, Baltimore, Md. He is an hon- ored minister of the Baptist Church. In politics he was originally a Demo- I'rat, but for twenty- five years has been a Prohibitionist. He is a member both of the S. of T. and the O. T., and has held most of the oflices in these bodies. He stumped Maryland twice and New Jersey once, with Cien. Clinton B. Kisk, when he ran for the Presi- dency on the Pro- hibition ticket. The General said of him that he "never touched elbows with a better man. " He was appointed by the Maryland ilelegation to the .Nat. Pro. Convention in Indiana|Hilis to make the nominating speech for Joshua Levering, of Maryland, when the sudden death of his wife prevented his running. He made a successful lecture tour abroad, chiefly in England and Wales. He is pastor of the Beth-Eden Baptist Church, New York City, every member of which is in practical sympathy ' nd co-operation with the Prohibition Party. He organized the church himself; it iias never had any other pastor, and is the "banner" church in the Southern .New York Baptist .Association in proportionate ^ivin^ and in percentage of increase. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^ ' O W /A 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^w> X ■^^A "^1% rv^ "ii^ ami at'tivt' liti' lit- riMuainril triilv loval ti> li'Mipt'raiui* priii- ilplrs. At llu' tinu- oi his Ji'alh, uliii'h Oiu'tMit'(.l whilt' oil h i s I'arliaiiuMitacy diilios at Ditawa, Juno 15th, 1S94, lu' was justly tt'nm'i.1 " llu' Ni'al Wns oi Canada." \\c was horn al Rroi'kvilli', i>nt., ttu'u a small frontier v i II a j^r- I'l'h y g, iSos- His f'atluM- was a prom- iiuMit and woaltln biisint'ss man llu'ii', t' X 1 1" n s i V f I y on- jj;-ajrril in the mut- I'a n I i U* hnsiiu'ss, ami iiipu>rs wi-tv tlii'ii a part of (lu* stOL'k in t'VLTv sui'h I'stablisimu'iit in tlio lounlry. [\c had a hir-long- aversion to the use of both Hqnors and tobai'co, and did all in- ooiild, by pre- cept and example, to diseountenanee their nse. Hf was a member of the Hrst temperanee Soiiety formed in I'ppi-r Canada. In a let- ter to the writer, dated Mav H, iSt)o, he j^ave this liistorieal informa- tion: "Tlie Kev. Mr. Christmas formeii the first Society in Mon- treal in June or July, iSjy, and after that he eame to Hroekville with the Rev. Amblic and formed a Soeiety i>n ihe oU\ pledj^e iii' three members — laither Mou^^hlon, Stephen Skinner and myself. We g'ot two others t(> j^ive us their names, Stephen Uiehanls and Atliel Sherwood. An eleetion eame i>n in 1S2S, and they withdrew so as to be able to "treat," as was the eustom then. In iS_>t) I went lo Belle- ville, and in Dec. we g'Ot up a Soc. with 47, whieh increased larjj^ely." MUS. ALAIKOA IMIKI.PS IJVINC.STON'K, of TiNiMiburK. Provincial Press Supl. W. C T. I', for C^ntario, ami ^'>r),^-lnizer for Oxford County, was bi)rn near the vil- laj;"e ot Hrownsville, in that eounty. I li'r parents were Kiijah I'lielps and Sarah Staults, She was i'll u eat ed i n I he rural piiblie sehool al IVIniar, Ihe Ayl- mer C'i>llej;^iale In- stitute, ami by pri- vate t iitors. She alsi> took tlu" Chan- taui|ua course of readinj^^. She lanj^ht sueeesst ul 1 y f i> r several years. She is .'I member oi' the Methodist Church, Conservative in her pohlii'al tendencies, l>ul an ail va nee tl Prohibilionisl. In t!u' earlv vears of womanlumd s h e was a member oi' the I.O. C;.T., and later oi' the K. T. of T., and has been for many years connected with Ihe \V. C. T. C, Hrst receivin)if an inspir.ilitin tor the woi'k while attending;' a National C\invention in C"hicajj;^o, when- she came in contact with Miss l'"ratices W'illard and Mrs. Ivoutuls. She has heen Supt. of local imtv>ns, Ci>. t.'>r^ani/er oi' Oxfortl for several \ ears, and Pro- vincial Press Supt. oi Ont. for three years. I^urinji: the last years, besides superintendinj,-- the work ot twenty-one County and sixty- three Local Press Supts., she conlributetl IJftv-nine or 1)4 inal articles •o various papers, ami etliteil a column in the '* Tilsonhurj^ Ob- server," conlrihutinj;- four hundred articles. She has appeareii on the platform in the inti-rests oi" tlie W. C. T. I*, and R. T. oi"\\ "To lio the next tiling and leave the results with Ciod, " is her metlu>d. 1 REV\ I.. M. Oct. i3tli, 1819. MILI.KR, D. D., was boni in Roiliosti-r, X. Y., He iiiiitod with the Kiisl I'leshylerian L'hiiieh ol' Kiuheslerj" al the ~* I a^e of 13, ;ind pre- pared for colli ne in [the "Old lli„'h School" over whieh the Rev. Dr. Chesl- er Dewey pri'sided. He jijr.'uiu.'itetl with honor at H;iiniht>n Collej^e ill tlie not- able class of 1S40. He enteretl Prince- Ion Seminary in 1H40, and compleled the first year's work and .1 part of the sei-oiul wluMi failing' lu*alth eonipi'lled him lo desist. Me w a s 11 c e n s e il I o preach hv the Slen- hen (O. S.I I'reshy- lery in Nov., 1S43. He was ordained and insl;illetl as pasUir of Ihe Pi-es- liytei"ian Cluirch, Hath, in 1S44, :ind in 1.H46 was m.irried to Lydia R., dauKhlcr wn L'anadian Methodist ministers and prominent lemper;ince work- ] " ^ • ^s~'^ " ers, was htirn near Hudderslield, York- shire, Kn^., in the spring i^i' iSiS, the j son of Ihe Rev. Thomas and Han- nab Savajje. His father gave up a hicr.alive la^v pr.'ic- tice in Knglanil to become .1 \\'eslevan minister in 1813, <'i n d i'iintinueil i n the aclive ministry for 4(1 ye.irs. He was sl.'ilioiuHl in the city of l„inc.isbiie, when the celebrated Jt>s. I-iversey and five others formed the first " Teelolal SiH'iely " in I'' n g - land, and he was the second minister to atl.'ich his name to that now histor- ! ical pledjfe. He was also oiu' ot .Ihe founders of the Temperance Sociely in the Methodist Conference, .■ind w,as oiu' i>f tlu' " Lej^al Ilutuh'eil " in the Wi'sleN'.an C'bnrch al Ihi" tiine of his tieath. The subject ol this ski'tch has bei*n a lit"e-!onj^ lot.al abst.'iini'r. He i"ectM\'etl an excellent ejirly eilucitii^ii, .anil I'nii'reii thi' Metboilist ministr)' in 1S33, taking- an juMive pari from till' outset in Icmpi'ranci' work, .assisleil willi Dr. 1'". R. I.i'i's, Dr. neaumi^nl .'iiid oiIums. Sini-e his work bcj^aii in C'an.ada hi' has beiMi a S. of T., ;i Ci. T., one of the fouiulers oi' the Hritish .Xineiic.in Ci. T. ,ind of llie R. T. He h.is travelled very exten- si\ely, spi>ki'n elli'i'livi'U' anil writti-n well in behalf of the liMupei*- ajicc anil I'rohibilion mo\'enieiils, .always makinij il ;i p.art of his jfreal life work. His zeal for the cau.se was never tfieater than now. PROHIBITION LEADERS. «3 RKV. GEO. H. VIHHKRT w.-is born al Cabotvilli-, now CliiioptH-, .Mass., Oct. 4, iHj7. lie was odiualfd in llii- Hijcli Si'liiHils of that ilis- -.. iriit, .ind in H.iiiff s L'lassir.-il liistilntt', .iiiil ill riitl's Col- ll'^■l^ III' toiik till' plt'tl^*' tVoMi FatluT .M.illlu'W in |H4<). I-iri'iisi-il li> pivaeli liy llu- I'nivi'is.ilisl Cluiiili in iHsH, he j;,ivo his liist tiMii- jHM'.iiifi' atliiri'ss, ;iiui joiiK'il llu' S. of 'I. Ill' pri'ai'lii'd In Ohiii iinlil iK(>s, and lii'lpi'tl li) rerriiit soiilit', s, ;iiul spoko iliiiinj^ ihi' i*;iin- pa/.;!) lor Ahr.iliani I.iiii'olii. Ml' Ihi'ii ri'- tiinit'il 111 Mas.s.'i- I'liiisi'lts, ,'inil was p.'isliir .'It UiH'kpoil, I'-asI Hivston, .'muI Sunn rvilli'. Ho was iHii' oi' I hi' iiili;'in.'il i.iMninitIi'1' w h i I" h to nil I'll 111" .\i'W Kilt; I. 'Mill \\'i>niaii SiilVr.'i^i' Soi'ii'ty a nii'iiihi'r of its I''xi'i'iiti\i' lor si'vi'r.'il \ L'.ars. Ml' voli'il I'm (Irani in 1868, Inil sinii' llii'ii has lu'i'ii an ardi'iit I'ro- hibitionist; tor si'vi'r.'il \'o;irs on llii' I'-xi'. Com. i-t llit' M:iss. Slate Ti'nipi'raiiii' Alliaiiii' ;iiiil till' I'rohiliilioii Sl.ilo C'oinniitti'i'. lie w.is C. W. C'oiiii. and C. W. e'li.ip. of llii' I. O. (.',. T. Grand Lod^i' tot- si'vi'ral \i'ars. In 1S71 hi' was si'iit .'is a Prohibitionist to the .Mass. I.oj^is. ; was on the Kiiui'.'ilioii anil Ti'iupi'r.'inee Coins., .iiid made a speeeli on I'lohibition, whieli w.is printed by request of the iiieinbers, ami said to have been llie best delivered in the House in ten ye.'irs. In 1H71, by iiu'it.'ition oi the I'niled King- dom .\llianee, he visited Kll^^l:llld, and s|ioke to jfieat .iiidienees fifty times in forlv-seven il.'U's. A.VNA ADA.MS GORDON wasboinin Boston, .M.iss., July 1K55. Her lather, J.imes M. Goriloii, was for twenty years Tieas. of the Amer. Hd. i>f Commission- ers lor Koreijfn Mis- sions. She at tended II i >; li Seliool in Hiisloii, then .Mount llolyoke Seminary, .'I nil l.;isi'll .Si'inin- ;iry, .\ iibiii nil.'ile. Sill' was brini^lil up in till' ti'.'iditioiis aiul faith of Con^frejf.'i- tionatism, thi' Abo- lition MovenienI .'iiiil the Ri'piiblie.'tn l\'irt\'. She spent a ye.ir witii her sister in .Spain, am) eom- in^ b.'u'k, eontinued her inusii'.'il educa- tion, but meetin{r Miss W'illard in the M o i> d y !■ e V i V a I mi'i'tin^s in Boston, .1 fi iendship sprang uji wliii'h led to her eiij^" a^:i'meiit as .Miss Willard's priv- ;ite secretary, which position she has since tilled, making all .Miss Willaril's engage- ments, supi'iintending her immense correspondence, and accom- panying her on .ill he.- travels in tlie United Slates, Canada, and Gre.it Britain. She has prep.ired the song books for the I-. T. Legion, having a iiieiiibeisliip of over 250,000, in connection with '.he W. C. T. I'., also the songs for Young Women's Temperance Work, and " I'lie White Ribbon Hymnal," of all wliichtlie aggre- g;ite Sides havi' been ne.'irl\\^oo, 000. She lias also written ''Ques- tions .Answered," "White Ribbon Bii thila\ Book," .ind the "I'rohi- bition Programme." She h;is organizi'd '.he I.. T. K. in all parts of the v. S., and .dso many local Societies of W. C. T. L'. She is an effective spe.iker to young people, iind an ardent Prohibitionist. RK\'. JOll.X MtKILLICAN, of Mon.real, ..;. aged and well- known Congregational minister, was one of the pioneers of the li'mpi'rance move- ment in K.'isteni Ont.'irio. He was born near X'.'inkleek Hill, Gleng.arry Co., Out., in 18J4. His lather, the l.ile Rev. Wm. .McKillieaii, eame to Canada from Scotland in iSi(), .'iiul in 1824 he org;iiiizi'il .'i Coil- gri'gatioii.'il Church iii'ar wlu'ri' the vil- lage o\' .Mftxville now si. 'I nil'-. He w.'is .'Ml I'.'irni'st and I'lear I'xpoumler of Bible truth on the ti'mperanci' i]i.i's- tion I'.'i. ly in thi'^^o's, .'iiiil one of till' first iiiinisiers in I'ppi'r L'.'inail.'i to .-iiivoc.-iti' total a bst inen ce from the piilpil and pl.'itform. In th.'it si'ction of ci>unlry he is still ri'garded by many as the lather of the teiiiperance movement there. It was not popular at that time, but sound .Scripture .•irguments .'iiul the logii- ot facts commi'iuleil the cause to the consciences of ni.'iny. The son wi'll remeiiibers taking the pledge in iS^i. While yet a young m.in he began to publicly ailvoc.ite the claims of the cause. After a few years' course of study in Toronto he w.is called to the pastorale of till' eliuri'h where his fathi'r so long l.alvireil, when he I'on- tinueil sui'cessl'ully tor ten years. He w.is f"i>r yi'ars a faithful , -ind prominent ollicerof Ihe S. of T. lie l.iboied _^2 ye.irs in Kaslern Onl.irio ami (Juebec as agent for the Caii.ida S. S. rnioii, ami in this service the claims of Tem. and Pro. wen- constantly urged. GEX. CLINTON B. ITSK, the fifth candidate of the Pro- hibition Parly for President of the Cniled States, was born in Griggsville, N. Y., Dec. 8, 1828, and died in New York city July gth, i8go. His fatlier, a black- , smith, having re- moved to Michigan, yiHing Clinton was bound to a fanner to serve until he was 2 I . After some years his release was secured, and he beg.'in a long course of hard study by hinisi'lf, mastering consiilerable Lain un.'tiiti'il. He then taught school se.- er.il years at .\lbion, Mich., and then be- gan business with L. D. Crippen, .'i le.iding inerch.int iinil b.inker, in Cold- water, Mich., and in 1850 was married to Mr. Crippin's d.nighter. Remov- ing to St. Louis in 183^, after soini' business ri-M'rses, he became interested in fire insurance business. At the outbreak of the Civil W;ir he enlisted as a private, but advanced rapidly until he had bei'ii niaili' M.-ijor-iieiieral "for faitliful .'imi meritorious servii'es," The l''isk I'irversit)', tor eiilori'il \-ouths, at N.'ishvilli', Tenn., was founded mainly through his iiistrunieiitalily. A Republa'an up to 1884, when lie joined the Prohihilion P.iriy. In 1886 he was the Prohibition c.iniliil.ile lor Governor of New Jersey. During this eanipaigii he travelled over 5,000 miles, and received 19,908 voles. He receivetl 24(),i)45 votes .-is Prohibition c.'imlidjite for President of Ihe Cniteil Sl.ites. Gen. I'isk's benevolences and activities in re- ligious, educational, and charitable interests were widely known. P"^^ 84 1IKNK\ ami {Hiputar pROHiiuriON lp:ai)krs, wluMi tlio R. bt'farut* a m supportt'f** I' rt'ot liusiiu's' fliHti-d Id iI havi" boon i toiiaiy M. I tioiiisl i has ot'Oiioiula^' for llio latlo aiiuin;; tlio battle must H. f.l'RI.KY, of Syiaoiiso, N. V., llu- woll-Uiunvii I'liaml Soiv. of llio K. T. of T. for \. \'. Sialo, was horn al Moi'rts\ illi', - .Mailisi.nCo., N.V., July jj, 1K41. His paioiils woro Jona- than anil Mary 1'. li II r I o y, oarnosi C'liiislian pi'oplo jjift^. anvl nu'inhi'rs of tlio ^'^ ^ M. K. e'lunvh. Ilo w.is oilnoatoil hi llu' si'hools ot' his nativo (t>\vn, and i-ooi'i\oil a n oxoollont oarly o 1.1 u a I I o n . M i- loai nod iho maohin- isl liado, and fol- lowoil il Ulllil oloi't- oil 111 his prosont iiiiportaiii position, sinoo whioh ho has tU'Vototl hinisolf or- liroly 10 Iho promo- lion of Iho lompor- a 1100 wtirk . Ilo joinod liio I'l. 1'. in iniyhood, anil took also a iloi'p inlorosi in Iho Hhio Ribbon moviMiionl. In 1S71), 1". nunonii'iil was \-i't in ils infani\\' in N. \'. Slato, ho ■mbor, and has boi-n ono of its prominont and aolivo vor simo. Ilo had a woll-oarnod lopiilalion for 001- . ini'thoils aiurnorou_rdor of C.ood 'I'onipl.irs. \lc look his hrsi missionary .ippoint- moiit .It _>o, .inil from ih.il day lo Ibis ho li.is never failed to up- hold I'rohibition, both in pulpit and on platform. There e,in be no doubt of his stand on the I'robibilion ijiiestion, il is sh.irp aim doiisivo. He keeps the lemperanoe roll in his Sund.iy Soliool, and opens il onoo .a inonlli for siijnaluros, speaking; on the snbieet for ;i few minutes caoh time. \\l' oxpools to j;radiiato from the I'rosbytori.in (. olloffo in the sprinj; of the year of 1896. r GEO, K. ClOOI^WIN was born al Grolon, V'lTiiiont, in 1841); came west in |S(>(); atttMulfti srh«u>i atui road law at La Ciossc, Wisronsiii, wlioro lu' LMijjajftHl in his first distinctive teni- pi'rani-e \\\>rk as S a r 11 e in o (* I li e Mi'iulota Tt-niiu't- anco Society. In iSSj he settled in Pakota, and shortly allerwards became an homvarv nu'm- ber of llie' W. C. r. I'., and look a proniiniMit part in the Local Option campaigns in 1HS3 1SS7, and tor Con- slilntional Proliil>i- t ion in 18S9. As City Attorney ol Lisbon lie vi^orons- Iv proseciil I'll its ton rt een saloons, ami resitled there K>nj4' I'noug^li lo sih* them all closed. Associated wit h Charles A. a nd Ri^H'rt M. roUock, he assisted in the preparation of the Prohibition law afterwards passed by the first State Lejjfislalure o\' North Dakota, and as llie Hrsi Atlorney- (ieneral aiMively enj^a^eil in its enforcement. In iSqj he removed to Salt Lake City, Clah, and the next year was made Chair- man o( a joint committee consistinj^" of five Mormons and five non-Mormons, or)^ani/ed lo wi>rk for Constitnlional Prohibition; as a member of this ci»tnmittee be *,"ompili'tl ** Ihe Proliibition FLand-Hook for Ctah. " He is a Kepublican, arul a member ol the Melhoilisl C'luirch. He is tnarrieii, and has three bright bviys. His wife has ably secondeil his temperance work. He is now President of the "I'rohibition League oi L'luh." WILLLAM B. WKHSTKK, attorney antl temperance advo- •ate, was born in Knilon Co., III.. March 24, i^b^. His father, Martin Webster, was .1 fanner, wilh I family o( five cliildivti, oi' which William was the oldest. When H M'ars oUl his father diet!, ;inil the care of his yoini^ brolher and three sisters devolved upon him, atuI he, with liis niollier, r'earetl the family. Mr. Web- ster was denieil the privilej^es oi an e d u c a t i o n, bn t, possessing a re- tnarka ble natnral ability, an indomit- able will. ;ind a per- severing; enerji;\', he wnMi_u;ht i>ul oi' his ad versi- ci rcnm- stanci's a manhood I he characteristics o\ which have made him a prominent defender of the tem- perance cause. Mr. Webster came to Kansas in iSHi, where he became prominent in politics, and has held several political positions. In 1H90 he was employed as connsel on the noted "HranCase," in which the cele- brated "Orij^inal Packaj^e" decision, involving ibe Kansas Prohibi- tory Law, was made. While defendinj.j this Kentnckv wholesale liquor luxise he saw the nefarious tragic in ils true livrhl, and fri>m that time became an unswervinj^ Prohibitionist. He is one o\' the reco^ni/ed .it torneys o\' the Slate I'emperancf l'nii>n, ami is in tle- mand in the led u re field. In 1SS4 he was married lo Miss Mar^^aret Chambers; lo Ihem have been born three children. Mr. Webster is a member oi Ihe Methodist Episcopal Church. PROHIBITION LEADERS. is RKV. W.M. IIKNkV UITIIKOW, IXIX, K.R.':.C., Toroiiio, I'liitor i>t" tlu' *' C'aiiiuli.'in .Mfllunlist Maji^a/iiu'," \v;is born Aiij^. t>, rK^i), at Tiiroiili). lulnrali'i) jil 'I'liron- I o Ai'atU'my, Vic* Imia Collt'Ki'i Co- bi>iir^, atui 'I'oronto I'liiMTsity. Hi' I't'- i'i'i\*'il his R.A. th'- jfii'i' ill iWi?. Or- ilaiiu'il al llannlliii) ill iSt)4, he served p a s 1 1> r a I e s a I Walerloril, Miiii- trt'al, llainiltiiii , 'I\M'i>nlo ami Nia- ),^ara. llrijjiiially a N e \v C'l 11 lU'xiiMi Mi'lliinlisl.lie joined the W'eslevan L'on- ti'i'enee in 1S67, ami lieianu' an aidiit ailvin'ati' of Meth- odist I'liion. In 1H74 he beeaiiie etliti>rot"tlie "L'ana- il i a n MelliodisI Majjazine," and Sunday Sehool per- ioilii-als, anti lias had market! siieeess ill tliis fii'jil t>t' I.aiior. lie was elei'teil to nuMiibt'rsIiip in llie Koval Soeiety of Canada in iSH^. He is a nu'iiiber of tlie llistorieal So- eiety of Montreal, of the Senate and Hoaiil ol' Kej^ents ol X'ietoria I'niversity, and al one time of' the Seiiat<> of Toronto I'niversity. He is also Seeretary of the Sunday Sehool Hoaril and Kpworlh l.i'a^'ne of the Methodist t'liiireli. Dr. W'iilirow i'. widely known ami dislimruished as an author, liis most notable work beiiij;; the "C'alaeombs of Rome," which lias reaehed its liflli eelitioii in Knjj- laiid. His laixer works are, " History of the nominion of Canada," and " Our Own Coiinlrv," and several smaller w inks, amoii>;lhem a " Harmony ol the New restameiil." He is widely and favoiably known for his feiirless and able advoeaev of I'rohibition. UKV. JOHN HOWSON R01?I.\St)\ „as born in Smith Township, I'eterboron^h Coiinly, M.iy 4, iH4^. His p.irents were John Ivt>binsoii, a native of Yorkshire, l'-n_<., ami i*"raiiees I lowson, born near C t> b o 11 r j;. H o I li were MtMhoilisIs ciiul tot.'il abstainers iuik\ i;irefiilly taiif^ht I 111' prineiple of total abstinenee to their ehildren. He re- ei'ivi'ii his etiiie.'jtion at tlu' Peterbori>ii^h Col!eg"irile Institnte ami Toronto I'ni- \ersity: enlereti the in i n i s t r v of I he Melbodisl' Chiireh in iHb^, ,'iiul was or- dained by Kev. Dr. Pnnshoii, ;it Toron- to, in iKjo. He has been ,'i Kefornier in polities, bill for the last few years has V o t e tl o n I V t\y r pledjfed Prohibi- tionists. He took the old st ra i jr h t pledj^e when a lad and kept it. He was at one time a member of the (iooti Templ.'irs, and is at present itienlitied with the R. T. of T. ;ind llie S. of T. He was Cbairinan of the Sinieoe Oistriet in bis Church from June iSgj to June iSq^, and is at present Chair- man of the N'orwieh Distriet. He look an .letive part in the Seott Act contest in Hallon, alsi> in Lincoln, has preached fretpiently on temperance, .ami thri>u^h all his ministry ^ave prominence to total abstinence, and in later years to Prohibition. He orjfanized and kept up jfospel temperance meelinjfs with jfood results. He has repeatedly tleli\ered ndtlresses at public ineetinjfs, ami sometimes leclured on the subject. He ha . also done some valuable work throu)^h tl. \ss. RE\'. CHARI.F:S T.\C.C..\RT SCOTT, H.A., of St. Thomas, Onl., was born June 22, i860, in the villaffi' "' StoulTville, in the Co. of Voik, Out. His father w.is Win. .Scolt, a svell-known I'.arri.'i^e buiUler of .Milton, Onl., who tlied when llii* s\ib- ject of our sketch w.'is but nine vears old. He was most I'arefiillv trained by :in exeinpl.ary Christian nuTther, to whom he owes much for his ri'li^- iitiis training and tlu* inlluences that led liim to choose the sailed ministry. Ill" was etlui'.'iteil at the Wesley.in Theo- lo>,'ical Collcffe, Moiitre.al, .anil Vic- tori.'i Colli'^e, Co- boinx. In the year iKHi he entered the ministry of the Methodist Church, ami w;is orilained in June, 1HK7, since which time he has al iMiniskillen, West present chaise. He ly, third daujfhter of Ii' is ;i younjf man of IS a preacher, .and a he trout in all the on- few .-iilvocales of our profit. Kejirless and Ilk, both in the pulpit leading place among tilletl a|>pointmeiils with j^'ri'.'it .acceptance l.orne .mil St. Thomas Cenlr.il Church, his was marrieil Sept. (), 1XH7, to .Minnie M Stephen While, Ksi|., of Ch.ilh.im, Out. I gri'.'it jibilitv, and still j4"re;iti'r pri^misc ii pi>werfiil pl.-ilform spc.iki'i". He is I'vi'r :il t w.ard moviMiii'iits for Priiliibition, ,-iiul ver\' reform .ari' heard with t^ri'.ater pli'asuri' anil outspoken .a^'.ainsl thi" tr.'itlii- in strong ilri and on the plalform, be has .ilreaily won a the Prohibitionists i>f t.'>nl<'irio. Ri:\'. K. H. STRATTON w.is born in the township of Rich- inoiid, I.ennox Co., Out., in 1H38. Mis early adv.iiitages were few. Though unable to obtain a liberal eiliication in the schools, he m.ade the bi'st use of bis lime in gleaning wh.at knowledge he coiilii. Hi'w.ascon- viMted to Clod in his sixteenth year. He commenced teach- ing .it iS, ,ind at 22 he entered the min- istry of the M. E. Church, and be- came one of her most vigorous men. At the end of his sixth year his breth- ren honored him with a seal in the Cieneral Confer- ence, a position which he has oecu- pieii ever since. He was one of the fore- most in the union movement, and was elected .Secy, of the first I'nited Cieneral Conference. Mr. Sinitton has always been a vigorous advocate of temper.ance and I'rohibition principles, both by voice and pen. From infancy a total abstainer, almost all teni|H'rance societies have found in him a trusty member and an able ad\-ocate. In the Dunkin .Act he played his part. In the Scott .Act cimpaign, as Secretary of the Hastings Association, of which he was the chief mover in its incep- tion, he devoted a large portion of his time in its advo- cacy. It is s.afe to say that few ministers have done more yeoman service in the pulpit, on the platform, in the Con- ference, and elsewhere, in the interests of temperance reform, than has the Rev. V. B. Stratton. HTT 86 PROHIBITION LEADERS. i f- MR. F. A. HL'CKI.N'OHAM, Gr.iml Worthy Ri-iordt-r nt" tin- Or.'iiid 'IVmpIo of flonor ami 'IViiipiT.iiuc ot llu' Si.ilr of lllliiois, wiis boi'ii in Htislon, .Mass., Jiiiif i«lli, iH^i, a son of Jos. r.'anil Mflin.la A. Knrkin^liain. II o was t'lini'.'iti'tl in tho pulilii" si'liools i>f t'ainbiiilxi', M.iss. lit* is a nii'niliiM* of till- M. K. Cluinli. nni'iii^ tlu' j^rf.'it Ci\il War lir K-- I'.'inu' a \ tiUniU'or in I 111- ranks of I l\o .11 inv in .May, rl^di, ;i n tl sorvi'il o \ o r llnvi- Vf.us, li.ivinjf hfi'n twill- pioniot- I'll ilni ini; tli/it tinu'. Ho w.'is o.'iplui'i'tl, am! sponl ni'.iily I'ii^ht ni o n t li s .i p isoiii'r' i^( wai- in Ivii'hnionilanil Han- \illi-, \'irj,'ini.i. Ilo is a nuMnbi'f ol' liii' I'ir.inil Army of tlu- Isopiilil'.r, in whii'li 111- h;is hi-i-n ■■.'tisi-il to llu- lii>{lu-st r.mk, t'xcopt Coniniaiuli-r. In his own li»i".'ility ho has lu-kl positii>ns as Juslico of tlu- I'l-aii-, Town C'U-rk, ;iiul L'onnly Siirvoyor. I'olitiiallv ho is in full sympathy aiul .iiiord with tlu- Prohibition Party, doinj; what ho lan to ;idv.inio its piimiplos. Hi- has boon ("or a nuitibt-r oi' veai"s a promiiuMit workor in llu- TompK- of Honor. Ho has lu-id tho hijjhosi position in tiu- Ordor in tho Stalo, ;ind h.is boi-n livo limos i-loilod tlu- fir.iiul Kooorilor of tlu- State. Ho h;is also oi-i-npioil promiiu-nt positions in si-v- oral otlu-r political .'mil tr.-iti-rn;d oixani/ations. His prosont address is 50S Chosti:ut strool, in tho oity of Kookforl, in tho State of Illinois. MRS. ,\lt;L' .STL'S WILSON, of Parsons and Wilsonlon, K.in., is, in several respoils, oiu- of tho best kiunvn women of lu-r Sl.ite, .ind of the I -^^^^^g ooiinlry. She was - ^^^^^H b o r n K n s o r -*^^'^^" Manor, .Maryl.iiul, till' dan^'htoi of lii-ii. John S. .-iiiil I'!li/.-i bi-t h ICiisor. Her tallier w.as a moniber of one iif till- olili-sl and most ilistini^uished I'ainil- ies of t li.il Stale. Shi- re. o; veil exoel- li-nl i-arly i-iliie.a- lioiial .iilv.'inta'^es. In I'^'ti,^ shi- was iiL'trrii-il to.\iij4'iisliis Wilson, of l1liio. Tiiey resided ei^hl )'e;irs in vMiio, aiul llu-n ino\i-ii to Par- siMts, Kan., where i'o/ yo.'irs hi- w;is oiu- ot' the li-;urm_ic busi- ness men aiul most prominent eili/ens. He was ProsiilenI of i>iu- ot" till- l.-irj^est h.'inks, anil imu- of the iiu^st extensive ili';ili-i's .aiul i-xporters of protini'o in tlu- State. Hi- ilii-il in 1SS5, without ohildreii, their only son ilyiiii; at 17 months of aj^e, and left his l.ir>;e est.ile and its entire lontrol to his wife, beiiiji; well aware of lu-r exiellonl ability lor business. Siiiii- that tinu- she has built up a town on the est.ile, Wilsonlon, nanlin^• it in memory of her l.'iti' husbaiul, ;inil it h.as beeonii- .an iinport.ani busini-ss i-i-nter'. She has esl.iblished a spirited ;iiul sueiessful paper there, whiili she h,is edited forye.irs. She w.is N'.it. Press Rep. of K.insas at the jjie.il Ni-w Orli-.'ins I'^xposition, anil w.as .also an iniport;int i>tlii'i-r ilurini; the jjreat t'hieaijo World's Tail. She w;is the piiiuipal founder of the Parsons llistorieal and Memori.il l.ibrarv. ? 1 f :; Ml.SS F. BKRF.XICK KKRNKV, of Plattsmoulh, Nebraska, has beeome well known in her own ami i>tlu-r Slates as an earnest n n d sui'i'i-ssful I — - speaker and worker ill behalf of the I,. T. I.i-Kion, tlu- W. C". T. l".,lhe"V's," and the Prohibition P.'irty. She w.as born in Mills Co., Iinv.a, Oel. 1 i, i860, the dauffliter of J. H. .and Klizabeth HIaek Keriu-y. She was t-ilueati-il in the publie seliools ol Iier li>e.'dit\', and llu- Ni>rin.al Si"hi>ol of S. Western low.a. Shi- beeaine a men - ber of llu- M. K. Cliureb at the .ajri- of 15, and has siiue been an aetive worker and a ze.'d- ous Christian I-'n- deavorer. In e.arly lifi- lu-r s\'mpathii-s were with tlu- Re- publican P.irly, but seeinj;, later on, the indifferenee of its officers in the enforcement of the Prohibition law of Iowa, she be- came convinced ilie-e must be a political Party back of ihe princ pie of the law in order to insure its jfood success, and she li.is therefore joined heartily in it . work. In 1894 she was the Party candidate for State .Supt. of Public Instruction, and received a jfood vote. In tlu- W. C. T. I', work she has taken a prominent p.irt, especially on the platform and also in the I.. T. I., work anuinjftlie vounjf people. She acted as State Orjfanizcr for a tinu- in Iowa, and since that in Nebraska, v^hich position she now fills. She has worked in eight .States and travelled extensively. She believes, with St. Paul, we "can do all thinffsthroughChrist, who strengthens us. " ROBKRT norC.l..\S KORISON, of Wiiinipi-tr, .Manitoba, editor of " Tlu- Haniier," tlu- leailing Pri>hibilion journal of tli.at Province, is a native of Ontario. He was born lu- ir the city of t.">Il;tw 1, S.'jit. 10, 184S, an 1 w IS i-du- c.iled at llu- !"! • I ■- ville and l,.)nd.in Collej;i-s. He en- gagi-il in business pursuits early in lite, aiul is a thor- oughly lonipctent husiiu-ss man. In 1871^ lu- joiiu-il llu- gri-;it migration to the then new Pro- vince of Maniloh.a, ami has i-ver since done well his sh.'ire in lu'lping ailv.'iiii-e ils busini-ss and mor.'il inlt-rests. He first was a grain tlt-.'iler at C.arberry, ,'iiut later beg.an business :is a com- mission nieri'h.'int fit \V" nnipi-g, where hi- li.'is since resid- i-il. In politics, his sympathies .are with the ailvaiua-il Prohibitionists. He is also a prominent worker in the ranks of llu- Km.il Templars. He was i-iati*il will) till' C'liii^jiv^fa- lioiialisls holli as niiNiihiT anil niin- isltT. Ill' alli'iiiU'd lluiniT Aiaili'niy, aiiil L^railuati'il a( Williams L'lillffji- in iH^i). TliiMi lor six yt'ars hi- taii^lil and sluiliod law and tlii'olo^x', ^railiiat- in^ in tlir lalti'i- at AndoMM' in 1 H55. Ill' tlit'ii bi'ianu" I'lol'i-ssor 111" Klii'- liiiii' in Willianis t'olli'ifi-, and ri'- inainril tliiTi* until 1S74, wlu'n hi' bo- I'anu' I'ri'siiU'nt ol" llii' I' niviTsity of W'isi-iinsin, whii'li positii>n 111' bold ibiiii-fii yt'ars, aftor wliii'b 111' rotnriu'd to Willianistown, in [lolilii'al SI ii'ni'i' and lil'o 111' bi'ianu' di'i'ply wlii'ri* ho lias sitii-i' bi'i'n t;i\in^ instnu-tioi soi-iiilo^y in Williams Collo^o. In I'arh iiitiTi'sti'il ill till' anti-sla\i'ry and lompt'raru-t' ri'loniis, ai'tin^ with till' I,ibi'rt\ , till' l''roi' Soil anil tlio Kt'{iitblii-an jiartii's. As tlu' latter lost its rolorni oliaraitor lu- loll il anil joinoil Ibo Prohibition I'arty in till' I'li'i-tion of 18H0. His oariii'sl anil opon ailvoo.ii'v of Prohibi- tion ),'avo ofti'tu-o in tlio position ho hi'lil a^ Pros, of tlio Stalo I'ni- \i*rsit\', aiitl, with olliot- ri'asons, ^a\o ooi-asion to his I'l'si^nalioii in 1SS7. Whili' his prini'ipal woi'k tor- ti'nipi'ranoi' anil otiu'r ri'fornis has boon ilono in tlio oliair of a profossor, ho has ofli-n ail\-oi"atoil Prohibition anil otlii'r li'^al anil sooial ri'fortiis on tlio platf^-riii. MRS. KMMA CL'RTIS HASfOM. woman snlTrajflsl and roformor, was born in Sholiiolil, Mass., .Vpril 20, iHiH. Slio was the sooond dau){iiter of llrren Curtis. New Kii^land ancestry anil assoolations ^ave their ilistinct i|nalit\' .anil ooloi' to liir ohildhooil. Her niolhor, Caroline Slaiidish Owen, w.is a direit de- soi'iidant of Miles .Standisli. She was i> il ti I' ,-1 1 e il ill the ^T'l-jit Harriii^^ton Ao.ideiny, I'ittsfield I nsl it II 1 1', .M.'iss., anil in Patapsoo In- stiliilo, Md. She t.'ui^hl ill Kinder- hook .Aoadeniy, N. v., .iiid in Stratford Ai'adeiny, Conn. ; w.'is 111:1 rr ieil in 1K56 10 John Bas- ooni, ;i profi'ssor ill Williams College. The mother of live I'hildren, she clier- ~ islies a lively inter- est in the discipline and pleasure of the home. She was a charter member of the As- sociation for the .Advancement ot Wonion, .and one of its Board of ttlliccrs. I las .also been an olliccr of the National Suffrage Asso- ciation. She was also .Socrelarv of the Woinen's Centennial Com- mission for the State of Wisconsin. She has been .1 zealous White Ribboner .iiid an active W. C". T. l'. worker almost from its first organization. She has been an interested observer and able advocate of those iiiarxclons chantjcs th.il have opened the doors of oppoiliinity 10 women in the social, economic, and political worlil. Her Ijibor for woman's rights has in no way weakened her loving: hold on the center of life in the family. MRS. MARY JOI.I.Y \ANHOOK, of BirminKliam, Ala., one of til pioneers of the Women's Temperance Crusade in .Ala- bama, was born in "' ~ ^' Eiitaw, .Ala., in iS(i6. Hi'r parents wore Col. J int. J . and Sus.'in jolly. Her f.ithor w.is a Lawyer oi .ability anil repu- tation, a ^r.aiid man, .anil a ili*\oteil liusbanit anil father. Hi'r mollicr' was a woni.an i^i' superior iniiul, .'inil ilcsi'enil- ctl frimj oni' i^f the bi'sl known I'amilies of .Middle Teniies- si'O. Her eiluca- lioii was completed in l!ie Kem.ile C'ol- li'ii"i' in Murfrees- boro, Tciin., from which she rccei\'i'il a iliploni.a. Slii' lias been a \iiracious ri'ailer, .'mil has ae- i|uired :i ffood de.il more in this w.ay than in the school- room. I'\>r vears she enjrag'ed in te.achinjjf, ,'inil while iloinii" so met with R. W. \'an- hook, an eiilhusi.astii' \ouny temperance aiU'ocate, .and .a preaehi'r of the Church of Christ. 'I'lii'ir friendship of some years ripened into mutual .alTeclion, .and lliev were happily married. He died in Au!i:ust, 180.3, leaving; her with three small children. She has worked fallhfully in behalf of the temperance cause from early g"irlliootl. When iS she becanii' Slate Siipt. of Scientific Temper- ance Instruction in the W. C. T. V., and for two years she has been President of the W. C. T. l". in Birmiiiffham. She possesses exeelleiit jjifts as a public speaker, but public opinion condemns platform work in her locality. She has, therefore, found tli.at line of work difficult. She is a skilled and experienced writer. KDWARI) CARSWKI.L, of C)shawa, Out., lecturer, artist, essayist ,ind author, is, perhaps, more widely known throughout America, because of his lectures, sketches, and wrlt- iiijfs, poetrj' and prose, than any o t h e r Canadian temperance work- er. He was born ill Ware, Eiijf., in I'cbruary, 1833. His father, John Cars- well, moved to Canada, and settled in Toronto, when he was but 10 years of .age. There he re- ceived his early edu- cation. When a boy about 16 he wa*nt to the town of Oshawa, where he now resides. He became an orna- mental painter, and has ever since dis- played a good deal of skill as an artist, desig-ncr and en- graver. Many of the a d n'. i r a b 1 e sketches, shadow pictures, and the like, which have so much amused the young people in the publications of the National Tem- perance Public, Society, as well as the stories, poetry and good points, ar -in his pen. .Some excellent volumes which are having a large circulalion are also his. He was married in 1856 to Rebecca Thomas. They have two sons and three daughters. He joined the S. of T. at Osliawa in 1849, and has been a mem- ber ever since. He has been G. W. A. of Ontario, and M. G. W. .A. of the Nat. Div. He has organized hundreds of Divisions, and promoted the interests of the cause and Order in nearly every Stale and every I'rovince of Canada, 88 PROHIBITION LEADERS. 11 HON. G. \V. ROSS. LL. P., M. W P.. Mini-iter i>f Edmation for Ontario, was born near Nairn, MidiUoox Co., oi» tlu' iHih i>J" Si'pl.. 1H41. Hi' is - .--_.- ^,( Stoti'li part'nt- a^c. In boyhood ho attoniU'd I ho piiblii' sL'hools, and ohtaint'il in siu\'os- s i i> n Ills Third, Soi'ond, aiul hirst Class L'l'rliHi'ati's, and (an^fht sl'IiooI, aflor whirh ho at- tondod tho Normal Srhiu»l, and ohlain- it>^ a l''irst t'lass ProviiK'ial Cort i ti- I'alo ho lii'ianio l*ublio Sohool Iii- spi't'tor tor I.ainb- ton, and lator do- volotl nnu'h atton- lion to tlu' t'stab- lishrnont of (.'onnlv ModolSihools. Mo was for a linio on- )4:a^od in journal- ism, ho ill);' ron- noi'toit with tho "Slrathrov A>j^t«," (ho ** H iiron Kx- positor," and tho " Ontarit> Toaohor." Ho was oli'itod M. \\ for West Middlesex in iHyj, two years afterwards liy aeelarnatii>n. aiul a^ain in 1878 and 1882. In 187c) he reeeived his de>;ree o\' 1,1.. H. from Albert l'niv*'sity, and his 1. 1.. H. from St. Aiuhew's I'nivers- ity, Scotl.'ind, in 1887. In Nov.. 188 v he was app»>inteil Minister of Education for Ontario, and eleeteil by West MiiUIIosox to the I.oeal Lejfislature. He is a ready debater, an iiieisive and iiUerestiti)^ speaker, and a prog'ressive administrator. Me was first married to Miss Campbell, of Middlesex, whi> ilied in 1872, and afterwards to Miss Boston, of Lobo. Or. Ross has been a life-Ion^ Prohibitionist. In Parliament, and on the platform, he has spoken elVeetively (ov it. The administration of whieh he is a member is pU*dj^ed to Prohibit 'n. MRS, \ALA CAKMN MOOKK.— With her hirlhplaee in Mis- soiiri ; luT sfhool (I.i\n in Nrw N'ltrk, where she was odneateil in (iiMU'st'o i." til 1 e^e ; her mairiiui life in I Kenlneky, and her aehii'ViMnents and triumph upon the lei'lun- |)laiforin in the l-l.tst and far West , lln'(Mi^^ht>nl Kril ish Columbia, Washin>;ton, Ore- ^ol^^ Califi^rnia and Arizona, she ean safely be erediled with a broail anil National roust it n- eiuy. II I' 1 anees- tiy, o( Kn_i;Iish and Irish ori);in, eom- bininj^ the deternii- naiion i>f the one anil the ipiiek wit o\' I he other, has made her ,'i most sui'eessful and pi>p- ular leeturer for I t I'nipera n ei* and tProhililion. At an early a^e she was m.irrii'il to a Ken- tui'kian, an attor- ney, a bri^fhl inlelleelual man, llu* embiuliment o\ ^entU'ness .uul kindness. Of this h.ippy union three dauj;hters wt-re born, twi> oi them slipping; away in infaiu y, soon to be joined by tlu-ir father, li'.ivinjj;" Mrs. Moore with one il.iu^hter, now a siieeessful musieian. Mrs, Moore has been an arderu worker in tlu- W.C'.T. I'., as well as the I. O. (.i. T., beinj; an etfeelive t»r^ani/er in eaeli. Slio is reeoj;'- nizeil evt'rvwiiere as a foreeful eainpai^ner anil Piohibition ailvo- eati*. 4.^' ^raei-ful pri'si'nee, pK>asiniv -i^kln'ss, musieal voiee, anil eultureil manner, s!u' wins tiu' hearts o\' hor lu'.irers. She has a brilliant future before her, heiiij^ one i>f the I'l'w speakers whi> ha\e the power to pleasf auilienees throughout an entire ilist-ourst*. jfc !i MRS. ABBY A. WELSH, a piomuT W. C. T. V. woikrr in Kansas, a well-known campaigner and i-diuator, was bom in Mid- dlesex villa^t", ?ii>w a p.irt iif Ia)wi-II, Mass., Maivli islli, 1835. Ilt'f p.'irtMUs wi-ii' Josi'pli Sio- plu'i]s ami H;ii'ritM K. RifiiaTxIsoii, both iif Now Kn ^; I .-i n d and Puritan do- sconi. From rliild- liiiod slu* I'viiu't'ii j^roat tMU'r^y .anil st'll-ri'Iianrf, and ,-in inti'i'i'st in tlu* teni- pfr.iiui' moviMiuMit. .-\l 6 sill- sijj^notl (he tot al-abst incnio plfdjfi- and joinod I li f C o 1 d \\' a t !• r Arniv. Sht» w .a s odncaU'tl in tho l.owi*!! si'ht>iils, ami ,'it 18 r.'inltiHl anion^ tlie tirst in si-luiLar'- sliip. Shi" w.istlion •appointed principal of one of the eity schools, .anti at tlu* end of four ye.irs' successful teaching she was married to James R. Welsh, ad they moved west. In 1859 she successfully lan>;ht the first school ever taught by a woman in N. W. Missouri, in the town of f.raham. She afterwards became the mother of nine children, and while for many years devoting her lime to the care and culture of these. Oie kept well in touch with the living issues of the day. She was an officer of the Temperance .■\lliance, and wrote and spoke in beh.ilf of the cause. In 18H4 she moved to Kansas, and united with the first W. C. T. U. organized in her town. She became I'res. and County Supt. of Temp. Inst., Social Purity and Franchise. She h.is done much successful organizing, and look a very active and prominent part in the great Kansas Amendment campaign. C'.KOKllK KlIHil.KV HRISTOK, I). I)., was horn in Balti- more, Md., second son of Win. B. iiml .M.irgaret O. Bristor. Allied, thriMigh his fatliei*. with the leading oUl familii's of V'irgini.a, he w.is .1 rel.ilive, ihi'otij^h his mother, <^i li:u'on Duplissi', oi Ri' vi>lut ion.'irv W.ir tame. Prof, of .Malhem.il ies and I'^liu-utioit in the ^■oung Men's Insti- tute, i>f B.alt'more, beloi'e he was iS, tlu" subject of o\iv sketch at'terw;ir(.ls alleniled l)ii'kinsi>n Collt'gi', i.;'r'ailuatit)g gold nu'dallist in 1 .S 7 I . A il m i 1 1 e d , without ex.'imina- lion, 10 Wilmington M. IC. Confer'cnce, he served in turn T .1 1 b o t Circuit, K a s 1 11 n, C' h e s a - pe.ike Cilv, Bethel, .New Castle, Oel., tiill terms. Trans- ferreil by tlu- Board of Bishops to .Ames Church, New Orleans, he relieved that church of fmancial emb.arrassment, multiplicil its mi'uibersliip ten-tolil, re- ceiving, during this p.istoiale, his H. I>. from New Orleans I'ni- versily. Here he became an .active Prohibitionist, .assuming an attitude i>f open hostility to the rum jiower'. Shoi-ki'il bv thi- close alliance of the Church with the gre.il political p.irties favoring the rum power, Dr. Bristor, .after his .appi>intment to New.ark, N. J arouseil such opposition by his onsl.aughts upon the liipuir tr.alh^ that charges of iimnoralily were preferred against him, and he w.is expelled from the ininistry-"OnIy, bowe\'er, tt> be full\- reinstated and his good chaiacter cerlitied upon full examination by the unan- imous vote of his Conf. Is now p.istoi' at Spring Valley, .\'. Y. PROHIBITION LEADKRS. 89 IT in Mis- luriitfd in I'll lit't' ill .iiul lior 'Ills :i lul pun till- :iH'oiiii in atul t';tr it'tu)^)u>nt ,'olninbia, 111, Ori"- Ki'iiia aiul sill' fan I'li'ilili'il mail anil I'Ollsl it II- '1 aiiri's- l^lisli ami in, I'oiii- ili'li'riiii- Ihi' out' |iiii-k wil .hiT, lias a most and pop- uriT for 11 1' I' and II. At nil sill' was I' a Ki'ii- III attor- ,'ni'ss anil I'll, two of ■ir latliiT, rmisiiian. .'Is Wl'll JIS is ri'i'ii^- ioii .'iilvo- oiri-, and Sill' lias a who liavi" irsi'. RKV. v.'ll.\S. F. OKKMS. n.l)., I.L.n., was horn in Halli- iiiort', Di'v". 4, iSio, ilit'il Nov. U), iH<)j. IK' w.is r;iri'f"iill\ t.-iitu'il l)V liis lalliT, Ri'V. luoiffi' \V. Di'rnis, ;i Mi'llioilisl rli'iKV- iiiaii,.'iiul liis inotlit'r wlii> .'It liis birth dt'diiali'il li i ni I o till' rninisti'y. Con- \»'i'lfil in I'liilillioiiil, III' joiiii'il till' M. K. t'luiirh, Soutli, in iK!4, anil wi'i'l lo I'ii'kinson Colli'^Ti', Ciilisli', I'.'i., i{nid- iialiii^ ill I'^^.^i). In iS4_» (his C'olli'^i' ^.'i\i' liiin till' ili'- l^ri'i' of M.A. Ill lilt' sanit' yi'.'ir !u' lii'i'.inu' riolfssor ol I.ouil' .'ind Klii'l- oiii' in till' I'nivi'i's- if\ ot" .\oitli C'aro- liii.i. Ill' nianii'il .Miss Anna Oisos- way in 1^45. In 1H4S 111- hri'.'iiiu' Prof, of N.'ttiir.'il Si'ii'iii'i's ill K.imlolpli- M a c on l."olli'jj^i'. This I'ol- li'j;i" jfavi' him thi' ili'^fi'i'i' ol D.D. ill 185J, ami tin- I'liivi'isity of N'oilh C'lrolina niadrhini l.l,.l>. in 1S77. Hi'twri'ii iKi^S and |8<)(> hi' hi'i'.'iiiii' profrssor or' pri'siili'iit of .'i inmihi'i' of I'olli'^i's. .Mut till' ri'bi'llion, with all his possi'ssioiis swi'pt .'i\\a\. In* I'.'inu' to Now Wii'k a pi>or iiiaii in ni'i'i'inbiT, 1H63. Ilr foiinili'd tlii' "Chiiiih of till' Stian),'i'i's " in Ni'w York, .inil niiiiisti'it'd in it until his ili'.'ith. TliiTi' was ^ri'.'it iti'iii.'inil for' him .'is .'i spi'.'iki't' illlil .'Is .'I li'i'tiirt'i". .Mr. Di'i'ilis wroti' si'irr'al \'olmm's, soilli' oi wliii'h bt'i'.'inii' wiilt'h' popular, siii'li as " Tlu' Monu' .Mt.'ir," *' l'*orty Si'rmoris l*i-i'.'u'lii'il in llit' i'luiri'h i>i llii' Stran^t'i's." Ill- was an .'irihiit I'roliibitioiiisI, a Trusloi' of Prohibition Park siiK't' its foiiiiilalioii. MISS CAROI.INK A. STKAOMA.N was born ii. Mill Vil- l''K'"' ^iii'i'ii'* County, .Nova Si-olia, Nov. 1, iH.s-'. Ili'r fathiT, K II 01' h Sti'admaii, I Wt'is a promiiii'iit ! nii'nibt'r of tlu' Bap- tist Lliunh, with wliiili sill' is also I'omi I'l't I'll. Shi' Hr.'ulu.ili'il .1 1 t h I' I'l'oviiu'ial Normal Sriiool in iHyi, and pursiii'il tilt' i','illiii>; I of a ti'.'uhfr sui'- fi'ssfully for st'voral \i','irs. Shi' bi'jfan till' stuily oi iiifili- fint' in |SK_', but, owiii^: to f .'I i 1 i 11 ^ hi'alth, w.'is obli^;i'd to.'ibaiidoii it. .After li\t' vi'.'irs ot' illiii'ss, j wliii'h it si't'int'il at l.'ist I'oiilil onlv I'lid ill till' t'xtitu'lion of till' vil.il spark, sht' I was wonili'rfully ro- storfd 10 health In aiiswor lo prayor. .'Mw.'iys intrrostod in 1 1" 111 p i- r a n c f , thi'ou).Ch till" inflii- I'lU'i' of liomt" training, lii'r mi^llu'r bi'injf Hriiily ^rouiuli'il in Whili' Kibbon primipli's bi'lori' tlu' W. C 1". I', was tliou>,'lii of, slit' now fi'll lalii'il lo spt'i'i.'il I'lVort in this lint', .\ppoiiitid Or- >;aiii/i'r by tlii' Maiilinu' W . C T. V. in iHi).>, slit' oi'y.inizi'd thf I'irst nislriit I'liioii of Nov.'i Siotia, of wliiili slio has lii'i'ti tlirt-e liiiifs rt'-i'li'i'li'tl I'rt'sidi'iil. .Slu' is now Supt'rinli'iidt'iil of Parlia- mt'iilary Prailiii' .iiiil Siliool of Mi'lhods in thf if f f iitly or^janizfd .S'ova Sfoti.'i \V. C. T. I'. In i.Si)4 .Miss Sif.'idiiiaii was .ippoiiitfd Proviiifi.'il IVpuly d. W. P. of thf .Sons of If tiipf i lUf, .iiid has iloiif ^ooil work toy that orj^.'iiiization, visitiiij^ sf liools, or^.'iiii/in^ nivisions ,'iiul li'fturin^. Slif is an uiifiiiiiproiiiisiii^ Prohibitionist, and ffarlf ssly and af f f pl.ibly f xpro ssf s lif r vif ws on thf platform. MRS. RKHI'XCA .MnVIlKI.l., Pifsidfiil and Or^anizfr of thf W. C T. I'., i>f Itl.'iho, was born in Illinois. .Slif has bffii .'in fiiriifst tfinpfiaiiff r workfr all of lior lift'. .Slif w,'is ;i tif I- fi;.'Mf to thf first Priihibition Convfii- tion in lil.'iho. In iHKj slif falllf into K.'islfrn lilalio as thf first Baptist iiiis- sioii.'iry, .'iiitl raisfil thf nullify lo biiilil thf first fliurfh in that part of thf Statf. .As.'i Ifafhfr, a Sunday Sfliool workfr, .'mil .'i mis- sionary, hfr iii- Hiifiiff has bi'fii a powf r for j^ooil. .As .Siipf riiil f iiilf lit ot fvaiiifflislif work slif has oarrifil thf jfospfl to I'fmotf vallfys and inoiiii- taill ilist rifts ol Idaho. In thf work ol thf Woman s Christ iaii T f m- pfiaiiff I'liion of thf front rank. .She Idaho slif is a pioiiffr, .dways staiiding^ in oi'nanizfd thf lii'st Hand of llopo in thf Statf. Slif has doiif lif roif work in thf .St.ilf l.fffislatuif ,'is a woman suffraffist and a rffornifi*. In iSiji shf w.'is fifftfd Wonifii's Christian Tfin- pfiaiiff I'nion Orjf.'inizf r of Id.'iho, and in iHi)i .Statf Pifsidfiit ; tlifsf I'fsponsiblf positions shf has lifltl cvcy sinff. In this f.'ipafily hfr work has bfen faithful .ind uiiif mitliiijf, lior safri- fi...> i^r.-ni Hfr strong faith and iind.'iuntfd fourajff amidst fiff (jproal. jfroat diHifuhifs brought siuffss in this liflil. Mrs. Milfhfll (foes to hfr work fl.id with thf armor of God, aiid slronj;; in thf belief that the " The battif is the Lord'.s." This is the seeret of her success. IIO.N. JAMKS I. RtlC.KRSON, a promiiifiil mfifhant and ri'lornif r, of St. John's, .No wfoundland, was born in Harbor Cuaee, No w fouii d la nd, , - - March 21, 1820. He is the son of the late .Anu'li.'i and Peter Ro^erson, nier- fh.'int. He is very pri>niiiifnt in Metli- oilist cirflfs, bfiii)^ ,'i class leailer ami .'in otVici.'il in his i>w'n church, anil having servt'il .'IS lit' li'j.;:,'itf to thf Kf iinif iiical .Methoilist Ci>iifer- enee in W'ashinjf- lon, n.C, and sev- eral times delf>;ate to the C">fi.eral Con- ffrencf. .'. Liberal la politics. III' has .ilw;. ys advofatfd what was for his country's advaiice- iiieiit, haviiijj served twenty \'e.'irs as member of the Lej^- isl.'itiire .'tiiil eleven years as Receiver ' O e 11 e r ,1 1 of the Colony. He was the hist P. Ci. W. P. of the Sons of Temperance in 1851, ami G. W. P. on the formation of the Order in Newfoundland. He is known far ami wide as an uncompromising advocate of the tem- pfi'.'incf f juisf , and w.'is thf iiii>\i'r of thf Pfrmissivf Bill ill 1S71, which lif and otlu'r iioblf workfis succfcded in nettiiiff passed, .'iiiti now luilf of Newfounillaml is under the Local Option .Act. Her Majesty thf (,}uffn, in iK8;i, fonlfrred thf title of Honorable for life upon Mr. Rofferson in recoffiiitioii of his eminent services to his country. He is comiecteil with m.-inv philanthriipic So- cieties and Orders, all working out the principles of human brotherhood. 90 THK I.ATK KK\. THOMAS IIAI.KS till' Coimiit'is ot \Uv ^lu'bi'i- 'l\'inpi>i'atu'f PROHIBITION I.KADERS. t»t" Mi>tilrral, i>ru' tit l.ca^^ut', aiul tit tlu* Doniiiiioii Alliiiiiir tor IIk" l*r'i»hlliilii>n of till- l.ii|iioi Tral- til", was ii*v yt'ars II f ol' I lu- In* si know II and iiiosi sm'i'i'sstiil worki'rs ill tlif (jrt'at ri'foriii in Canada. He was hiirn ill till* town of Wi-lls. Norfolk, Imi^I.ouI, in 1S41, .'iiul ilii-tl HI till* I'ily i>t Moilli»*aI in 1>>H\. lit* i-;iiili> to C'anaila in till' siiin:n,'r ot' |H()0, and .ilniosl at oiu'i- ln'tjan hi., li-m- pi'r.'ttu'o wi>rk , i 11 wliirli !u' i'oiiliiuii'il slt*;ulfast 10 Ihf imuI of lif.-. II.- join.-d iiu- s. of r.. c. r., aiu) otIuM' or);aiii/,'i- 1 ions, tVi-liiij; Ht lu>nio with all loVi*:'s ol" till' i-aiisi', irrc- s|H'rli\i' lit" I'l'i'i'il, I'olor or p.'irt\ . I*"i'w nu'ii did so nnii'li to 1^ to>^oIlii'r niiMi of I'vi'ry I'lass in this ji^n'at work. I'' ■ . i- I.. *l ... I. ■.. . 1 ;..; . ... .1 wrote inni'li and wi .., , trihution; .aiul li>ok par MRS. l-R.WCKS \V. I.KITKK, of Manslii-ld, O., Siipl. of I'hysiinllnri- IX'partnu'nl, Natioii.il W. C T. L'., is oiu' of tin- fomuK'rs i^i' thi' now world-widf \V. C". T. r., and w.is the lirst Si-rivtarv of any Slato in that orjjanization. Slit» was born in 1H44, a n d h a s s p t- n t lU'arly all tlif arlivi- yi'ars ol lu'r lifi- as an i-iluralor and niiiral rt'fi>rini'r. Sill- w,is oonviMled at llu> i-arly nin' ol 10, ami has sitii-o doiif faithful and willin;^ si'rvii't* In tlu* Mi'isli'i-'s I'austv Sill' was ^fiaduati'd troni I'ort snioutli lliiih Srhool at Iho ajii'of 15, andafli'r- warils IVoin (iran- villi' Si'iiiiiiaiy. Slu' bt'i'anir prini-ipal i>f Xi'nia, Ohio, HiK:h S i- li o o I w lu' n 20; was two vi'ars prin- cipal of Manslii'ld High School, and one in Dayton, when she was married to S. Brainard Leiler. She has been a model wife, housekeeper ami mother, but always liiund tinu* and heart for nior.'il and physical reform work. She took a prominent and effective p.irl in the jfreat Woman's Crusade movement, addressinjj men in the saloons, where she was heard with deference ami respei't. On public plat- forms her earnest and eloquent pleadin)js have been very effective. She was at the Convention at Spriiifjiield in June, 1KS4, when the W. C. T. U. was first orjjanized, and has been in its front ranks ever since. She spent four years in >feltin>f the Ohio Scientitic Temperance Instruction law, and two years in its enforcement. She has had charge of her present Department for live years. .MUS. \\.\\<\ K. MKTZOAK was born in I'ort Hyron, Koi'k lsl,-iiul (.'otiiilx, in the Stale M Illinois, .Xii^iist ,)rd, iK^q. Her p,'iieiils, A. J. Krown and I'aiiiin.'i I'. Kowe, were ' anions the first set- tlers in low;i, to which Slate they removeil from the Slate of New York. .\tter hnishin^ her preliniin.'irv i-duea- tion in the public schools of l*i>rl Rvt'on, she .ittciid- I'd Mount Carol I Sciiiin;ir\ for .'i per- iod of three ye.'irs. When she w.is only I \ vcurs of .'i^:e she unileil with the H.ip- list C'liuri-h, and is siiU .1 nu'inber ol tli.'il reli;;ioiis boily. Kor t wen t y-o n c years she has been .'I member of tlu* Woin/in's Christian renipcr.uice I'nion. Th.'ii sill' li;is been .in ai'tive o n e is shown by the fad that she has held .it different limes the iin- port.iiil offices of Stale Supcrinlendcnl of llu" I'lirity, l-^nforcement of Law, and l.e^fisl.ilive IVparlnients of I'nion work, and that she has iilso served in the posilion of Disirid Superintendent. Since ihe ye.ir of 1HH4 she li.is ^jiveii her adhesion to the I'rohi- bilioii I'arty, and she is also a member of the Kxecniive Board of till' St.'ili' I'\|u<'il SulVraj^e .\ssoi-i;ilton. Her hiisb.'ind is one of the owners of the .Moliiic I'ipe Or^faii factory, and her two sons have been so educ.iteil in I'rohibitioii principles that they will next year c.ist iheir Hrsi votes for the Prohibition ticket. MU. JOHN BRANSON, of j.'ji Ktonl slreel, I'liiladelphia, a wi'll-known leinperani-e worker, :iiul ;i pi'omiiu'iit oflicer of tlie Cniversal Peace I'nion, .'mil other ri'forni movi'inents. W.IS born in Whit- nick, Leicester- shire, Kii>j., in iH^^5. He spent his early d.'iys in meilianical work, ;inil in the co.il mines. Twici* durini; his niinin)^' I'X jii'i-ii-nce were \-ounj; men killeii who were doiii); work that had been just assigned to him. He ,-ilways rt'l■o^nizl'd the won- derful cai-e of Cioil in ihi'si' escapes. .At J I he left home and Ihe pit and en- tered the ^roceiy business al Seaham Harbor, Dtirham, .'ind ;ifterwards in London. While in the latter city he took a deep interest in tlu deaf mute.s n his locality, and did much to amuse, help, .iiid encoiirajje them. In 1SH2 he emigrated to .America, and settled in Philadelphia, where he now carries on a l.-irg'e provision business, in which he gives employment to a large number of men, and in the bakery alone over thirty barrels of Hour are used each week. Though thus diligent in business, he is fervent in spirit in great reform work. Especially has he been active in distributing good healthy litera- ture in behalf of the great National Peace movement, lie pub- lished an excellent tract entitled ".An English Baker's Thoughts on the Enclosed Scripture Testimony on the Current Events ;is Now Transpiring On and Near Our Shores." He is a zealous and indefatigable worker for Total Abstinence and Prohibition. PROHIBITION I.KADRRS. 9« JAMKS ADAMS MA r I IIKW SON. of M..iiii.;il, h.is l„...|i llln^ kmiwii (IS niu" of llii- nu-ri'liaiil primi"., iililliiillimiii-ls, ami priMiiiiuMil C'liristian aiul Iriiipciaiitf ttorkiTs 111 I'anatla. Ill- was !)i>rii ill Si I a luiiir, in I lii' luxlli >tils on lienors, wliii-h wtTf ;il that timi* iH>nsitK'rfil'almosi .-i*iu'i'oss;ii-v |i;oi i»f.-in\' I,-ii-i;f ffioicry sloik. .\ fi'W yrais l.ili-r llu-y look llic s.inn- hij^li moral Kt'Oiiiul with ii'tj.inl lo tobairo. I'ho " ox|H'dionr\ of pi ituiplo tlu'V prcfiMTod lo Iho primiplo of oxpi'dii'iuy. .M.iny pivdiili'd failuiv, mulor tho liivumst.inii's, hut " tin- hoiiso Iniilt upon' a roi'k " stands firm for do yoars. l-'cw li.ivi' done 'so nuuh in thi' dislrihutioii i>f wholt'sonu' L'hrisli.'in .'iiul U'lnpi'r.'iiu'i' litor.aturo. •K'o, MKS. MAKY K. KVANS, of M.-hron, Ni-b., a l.\idinjf and lifi'lonj; tiMnjUTaiui' and iliiiri'li worker, was born in Kushford, .Mlc^lu-nv to., N. Y., July 'i4lh, iM,iH, of pamils advoial- in>f all pliasfsof ad- vamt nii'iil in ortho- ilox religion, aboli- 1 i iM) , ti'mpi'raiu't', :iiul llu> gospel in politit'al lift-. Slit- was xinvi'rtt'd al till' :\^f of I I, and ;oiiii'd Iho M. K. I hmch-lhcC'linri'li of lu'r pait'iits. At I J sill" ho4"anu' a S n n il .1 y S i' h o o I t(\'u-lu*r, .'ind is now a Hibli' I'ass Ifatli- I'r. .\l 14 sIh' look rliar^*' ol lit'r i>wii liuini Ht si'liool with ^oiul sni'Ci'ss. Mil- li.is also lirld pionouiu'od i>pin- ions in bi'h.-ilf of tin* rioliihition I'a r I y inovi'inont, and was t'loi'tfil ;i tloli'jjali* lo tlif first .S'.ilional rrohibilionC'oiui-n- tiiMi hftd, but was prrvtMtti-il from atU'iulinf^ i>n aiH-ounl of sii'k- nfss. In lwi> liifttM-ont Stati's, wlirro slu- h.is rosidod, sho h,'is bfcn noniinatt'd by tlio I'arty as tlii'ir candiilatt' for Supt. of I'ublii- Inslruiiion fi>r tlio C'lninly. Slio h;is st'r\ fd as .St'i\ i'oy Prolnbitii>n C'hibs ;iiul C\>nvi'nti4>ns, ami fV»r vt'ars jis l.'ountv Si'f. foi- Sunday Sriiool Assoi-i.alions. .\midst all Iut mulliplii'iU' i>f efforts in bt*- h.'ilf of C'hurt'li .iiul ti'iiipi'r.imf movcnu nls, hor homo hasbrt-nlbo plat'f of :i\] otliiTs to wliii'h lu-r best »'nor^ii's .'uul thoughts havo bi't'ii ahv.'iys tlirooU'il. I'\>r oyer twi'iily yo,'irs slu" has bft'n a nifinbor of tlio W. C 1", I'., in whii'li sho has fillfd v.irious poKi- lions in Local, Ct>untv, .'iiul State. MKS. ANNA III A.Ml'K, of l.anul, Kansas, is well known ihrounhoul that Stale .iiul (.Oklahoma, lieeause of her deep interest in the lemperanee work, anil espeeial- ly .IS the Slate Supt. of t he llemorest .\Iedil Contest inoMMiient for Kan- sas ,iiu| llkl.ihoin.i. She was biirn in HiMiti>n County, I;i., Sept. ,?olli, 1H56. When only three weeks of ajje her niolher died, and she was taken to the home ,ind the he.irts of anood old I'ouple, svho were h'ttlier anil mother ti> her. She mineil with lliem lo Kan- s.as in ih(Kj, wlu'iv, .11 the ajceof 15, she bejfjin leaehinj^, whieli eallinif she very s u e e e s s f u 1 1 y followed until April .!<). i*<77, when she was m.irried lo W. O, Ch.inipe, a print- er and publisher, who has done very efficient service in everv de- partmenl of thai work. .She has lon)j been an earnest temperance and I'robibilion worker, h.ivinjf spent years in the advocacv of these ^fri'at anil miii'h neetleil reforms, ami in the W'omjin's Fr.in- chise ;ind other similar .idvaiiee inovenients. She held the first DemoresI Medal contests west of the .Mississippi River, and has continued in the work ever since, .she is the orijfinator of the well-known motto, " From Contest to Coiu|iiest. " .She is the mother of two brijjflit loys of iK and i\ years respectively, and that fact >{ives her .1 double incentive to banish the lempl.ilions of the debasinj; .ind destroyin>f drink Ir.ilVic. .She look an active and prominent p.irl in the Kqual SulVr.i^-e camp.iijfn in 1894. KK\'. AM-KKH MOOKK I'll II. I. IPS, U.l>., now the pastor i>f Douglass f Metiioilist * C'hui'ch, .Moiitrejil, has been for m.iny years .-t well-known .ami prominent tem- pi'raiu'e worker, advance these interests for vears. He also took a leading; pari in several of the County Prohibition cam- pai){ns, as well as in Provincial and Dominion work. He entered the niinislry of the Methodist Church in 1870, and was ordained in 1878, since which he has filled importani positions in leading churches, inclndiiiK^ Chatham, .St. Thomas, Toronto and Montreal. In 1877 he took a le.'iilinjj part in orjfanizin^f the Theolo^ic;d L'nion of Victoria Collejfe, with branches in each Conference. 9' I'kOHl lUTlON I.KADKRS. n J. li. MilUAK, 111' S.'irni:!, Oiil., n prxiiiiiuMit liiisiiu'ss man of Ihiit town, anil |)iol),ilily llii- lu-sl kimwii I'mliiiiilinn wmkri in liis i't>iinl\ , was bot't) at I liiii-l|>li,l>nl., wlu'iv I " lif was aUix-iliii'al- I'll. Wlit'ii a yonnt; man he was a sla- liiin a^citt in llii* ■■m|>li>\ i>l llu'Ciianil Ti link iailvva\ , aiul lIuMi look an ai'l i\i' inU'it'sl in ti*iii|U'i'- aiit'f wiirk, aiitl pri'ssfil I In- i|urs. lion with llu- i-iii- plovivs. In I S 7 I iu'iMili'tril Mil' hook anil sialioiuMvliailr ill llli' lloiirisliiili^ loun ot Sai'iiia. I.anihloii C'i>iiiity, ol ishii-ll Sarnia is tlir I'OiinU' town, lias hail a iiiiiiiluM' oliiii- portaiil anil siu- ii'sslul loral I'lOlli- liilioii laiiipai^'iis, II nil f r I li I- pro- \ isions ol' tlu* C'aii- . aila Trmpcranii' All, anil I 111' piv- vioiis Oiiiu-iin All. In tlii-sf In- look a vi'iv imporl.iiil pail,ioii- liibiiliii).; miirli to llii'ir siuiiss. Mo look .in arlivo pan, loo, in liio iMirorionu'iil ol' llu' I'loliiliilion l.iw in llial loiinly. l>no ri'siili w.is that his hoiisoanil Ihal ol Iho l.ilo IhoiiLis lloiisioii woro ihna- niili'il hy iiiiMi hiivil lor Ih.il purposo. Tin' lioiil ol his hoiiso was Mown in .iiul his lainily hail a pi oviili'iili.il I'si'.ipo. This lousi'il ihf wholi' i-oninninitv, tho suspi-i-li'il p.-irlios wori* .■irri'sU'il, .'iiiil :il a soiiii'what laii'ial trial tin- jiuy lailoil to a>{ivi', soitio ol' ihi'iii I'laiiniii^ " thi'y iliil noi w.anl thoir harns Inirni'il." lIi* w;is llu' ihosfii I'.'iniliil.'itr ol' iho Now I'.irH (l'io.)a low yoars a^;o, .iiul lhou){li ili'spi'r.ili'flVorls woro ni.ulo hy Iho Ciovl., ho ii'ioivoil .1 vi'iy lar^fe voto. mon of hoth olil parlios ooiiiin^; oiii woll in his support. .MKS. AN\.\ K. I I.AKK, of Sicvi'iis I'oinl. Wis., was horn al Kv.insvillo, Wis., .May 1 ^, iH^s, ami loinovoil wilh hi-i lainily to till' lornii'r pl.ii o, whi'ri' slu- h;is miT siiiii- I'fsiiloil. I lor fatlu'r was John W. iiariliiu'r, a staiiiii'h liMiipora ni'f inaii, .Hill hor niolhiT, lairiiula M. Kaiii'V. Mrs. t'lai k loi'i'iioil hor filiu-.'ition in I In* piihlii' si'hool of SloM'iis I'oinl, ,'iihI has aililt'il 10 it hy sillily in ililViMi'iil I'hths. Shi- h;is hi-i-n for M'ars on^a^i'il a^;ainst iiiU'iiipi'i- ■ inii' ill tho milks i f tho W. C. T. I'. In it shi- h.'is hi'oii Nation.'il ili'li'^.'iti*, St.ito Siipl. ll'r.in- ihisfl. Co. I'ri's., ami I'los. ami Soi'N'. >'it ilill'i'i'i'nt tiiiii's in h I' r loi'al union. Shi* h.'is iloni* faith- ful sorviio in llio Woin.'in's Ki'lii'l Corps, holiliii); ililTi-ivnl loial ,inil slafl' oflii'os. Mrs. I'laik w.isin- slrunioiiti-il in llio lorni.-ition iW tho lluin.ano Soi-irty .'inil tho .\ssooi- .iloil Charilios in hor own Iohu. .Sho is a sl.iumh Mpisiopaliail, ihouvcl) M'l'N lihor'al. Sho h.'is i-iinipiU'il ,1 si't oaoh ofi'irorian llis- li>r\' ami l.itrr.'itur'o o.'irils.of whii'h I'lhioators spi'ak \i*ry lii^hly,.'iiul i-op\'i ij^htoil ;i C'oiuiMilion T.-ihli'l with P.'irli;iiiiiMilary Kuli's. Shi* has siii-i-i'ssfull\' oi^mhu'toil I'm- a limi- .'i wi'i'kly m-wsp.ipi'i*, ami is i-onloinplaliiiK iho puhlio.ilion of ;i monlhly p.ipor in tho inlorosl of ti'inpor.im'r ;iml mor;il ii'lorrn. As for politii-s sho is fi>r Prohihition lir'si, last ;inil alw.iys. Mr. l>\\i>n Clark, hor luishaml, has hi'on in tho C'ily C'ouiii'il Kit his lioiiii* i-ity for i'i).;*hti'on yoars ; l'i>ur tinios as Ma\*or. Thm' h.-ivi' lour i-hililroii. Ill I Hi r: I I MRS. SARAH A. .MiCI.KKS, of I.os An>rolos, Cal., a woll- known pioni'or W. t'. T. I'. wi>rki'r, or^ani/i'r ,'uiil writi-r, was hiM'n in \\'ihnin>;lon, llol.,Sopt. j.v iSjj. Ilor paroiils woiv I Thoinas ami ll.in- n;ih t*l.'ir-k, n.'itiios ^■>i Now Knj^l.'inii, .ami ilislinj.jiiishi'il for inlo^frity of o h a raolor. .S h o onjovoil oxi'i'llont I'arly i'iluo;il ii>iial .'I il \ a II I .'I ^'l>s, .'lUil ^rail ua t o il l"r'i>rn Wo-lo\. Ill Coll. Sho w;is in.'irrioil loW'ni. K. Mi'Cli'os, .111 011- ti'rprisinij ;iiul siii-- I'l'ssful iron in.'imi- f ,a I' t 11 r I' r. TIion' livoil in Philaili'Iphia iluriiin tho Civil War, ;iml slu* took .'in aiiivo p.ai t in p va 111 o I i 11 If t h o Cnion oaiiso, .'tilling soliliors" faniilios, in tho S.iiiitary Coiii- inissii>ii, ami othor ways. Sho .-ilsii look a prominent position in tho Krooilnian s .Aid Sih 'y. I ho family movoil lo \ow York in 1S72. Sho spont a yoar in tr;ivollin).f, whiih tho hotter fitted hor to eii^a^fe in llio W.C.T. I', pioneer work. .She w.iseleoted See. and then Pros, of ihe tirsi I'nion in the inelro|)olis, .and organized juvenile work. She also estahlislu'd .a i'olVee-hi>uso " Holly Tree Inn"- and was a leadiiiff speaker at its Moiul.iy iiieet- in^s. She heeaini'Pres. o\ Weslehesler Co. W.C.T. C, .ami t.'>r,i;";in- izer and Tieas. for the State. She was twelve years National Siipt. of Oept. of Soldiers ,'iiui S.ailors. .She was editor anil proprieli>r of the paper, "Ameriea's Oefenders," whieli reeeived wiile favor .'mil did a tjood work. She is well entitled to he eonsidered a vet- eran in the temperance cause. COL. HARLAN I'AllK nA\inSON, A..\l., was horn in Hooksel, N. 11.. iSv"*. He is ihe son of S.'iimiol ami l.ydia (Jack- man) Havidson. Till* Oa\iilsi>ns are hi'lii'i'oil to have spriin^r from David ofSoolland. He w.'is re.'ireil on a l.iriii ;iml received no eilui'.'ilion, ex- cept that of .1 back- w o o il s il i s I r i e t school, till of a>fe. Soon after this, li.-iv- iiiy; hoen physic.'illv injurcil, hi' resi>lvi'd lo li.'ivo .'111 educa- lion, ,'inil in iHh^en- teri'il Norwii'h l*ni- versity, a military iiislitutioii in \'er- inonl, p.'iyin^ his own way hy in.imi.il lahor ami tcii-hinj^'. In |S()() he 111:1 rrii'il Adelaide S. Ford, of New Haven, Ct. Moving: soon after lo I'ennsylvania, he continued teaching. l*'roin 1S7J lo 1SS5 he was I'rincip.il of the t'ollcfiiato Institute in New Jersey. Here he first conunitted himself to Prohihition. He |iuhlishi'il .i temperance paper for three ViMrs, ,'iiul w.'is l;irj.jely instrunu'iUat in making his I'oiintv for sev- eral years the h.inner county for Prohihilion in Ihe .Stale. In 1886 he wiMit to Illinois .'is ci>nini.'tnilant ami li*:ii'hiM' i>i mathein.-itics in the Morj;an Park Milit.irv .Academy. Two ye.irs later he founded the N'orthweslerii Milil.irv .Ac.ideiny .'it Hi^;hlaiid P.iik, of which he is slill President. Col. D.ividson w.is the Prohihition candidate at Ihe recent election for J ud^f oof the County Court. He has always been identified with movements forinor.il and social improvement. He is President of the Columbian Colleffe of Citizenship. I' Roll I n IT I ON I.K ADKRS. 93 JAMKS MI.AC'K. rirst Pivsiilfnttal liiiuliiliiU- .>l ilu- riolii»>i- tu>n Paii_\, was lunii in l.rwislunx, |*a., Si*pt. ihili, iHj\. ||»* \va*> llu" Nitu of John lllark, a pioinhifnl I'itiniat'loi , Allrra i'ointnon srlioolcilu- fc* a I i o n III* Hiiulii'il liiw, ami was ail- niittfil lo lilt* Hai in iS^ti. Ill- ilifil al l.aiicasliM , to \\ liirl) plan' Ills |u>i>pl(' liail li-nioM'il, IVi". ih, iSt);. At till' a^*' t» I 17 li 1' j o i n V il llu* \\'aslnti^li>nians arul lulpril i>r^;an- i/i' a l>iv ision oT tlu' Sons ol I't'inpi'i - am*', l^ii^inaily a IK'nuurat, li o hi'- (.'aiiif a Ki>pnl>liran in 1W54, ami n*- niaint'il stuli nntil till* iti'^ani/aiion o\' llu- Pro II i h i t i iMi I'aily. At llu- Clii- i a^o i'on\(>iiliiHi in iSfM) wliirh orj^an- \/vk\ the I'roliihition I'arlv, 111- was p^r- ' in l'\'l>ruai V, iHyj, il . .mliilair f'oi' !*rt'si- u\ in^ t'liHtion 1 t'lt'ivfil Natii>nal C'onintitti'i- ol niancnt Cliairin. At llu- P; It \ s t'onvt- a( Colmnhus, l'>liii>, In- was tiominati'tl as drnt of llu' Inili-il Stati-s, ami in tlu- loll tioH volos. Hi* was C'liairnian ot' tlu- ,1 llu' Pri>hil>ilioii Pail> tVoin 1S76 lii iHSo. IK* was oiu- oi llu* roumiiTs ot tlu- Nat. Ti-nip. Sotii-ty, aiul Cliainnaii o\' tin* i.\>tn- mittoi* lliat pivpaii'ii lis vhai lii , limsiitiilion, rli'., ami st-inivil a I'apilal oi $100,000 as a basis o( t>porali*>ns. Hf was Cl. W, C. T. of llu' I. O. li. T. of IVniisv Kania, 1S5S iSfu. Anioiij; his publislu'd works an*: " K Tluri- a Nt-rrssity i'ov a Piohihiliiin Party?"* '*A Brii'f llislois ot Prohihilioii, ami "A History ol Iht' Prohibition Parlv." ^H slu* was inarrii-il to l.iont. F. \V. II. Hm'll, who dit'tl al Chapin's I*' a r in s , \'a., in 18*15. At first a Kt-piiblii-aii in sympathy, biil, in 1S71 , whrti tlu* Pro- liibition Party was or ^aiii/i-ti i 11 li t' r ailopli'J Stall', sho t-ntt*ii-(.l it, aiul lias siiui' sptikon a n il writti'ii in th't'onsi- ii I i I s priiu'iplt's, Slu' ji>iiu'il llu' W. C.T. I', at its iirij^in, ami In'fanu' C'iir- I I'spomlint;; SoiTi'- taiy of tlu* C"omu'i-- I iiut Stall- Ortjan- \/.i Won. AHi-rwartls slu' In-ranu' C"i>rtt's- pi^mlinij StH'ivtat \ i>l t hi' \ a t i o n a I I'nion, ami a nu'in- bfi- o\' tlu* Pnblish- i n ^ I'oinTnilti't' i>f' tlif \alii>nal I'niiin oftu-ial orj^an in i^So. Slu- luKi ihis oflirr for lhri*i* yi'ars, aiul in this position hor ivpntation as an oi^^anizor and loilifii'r o\' Iho Wonu-n's Christian rtMnpi'iam-t* L'nii>n laws ami nu'tlunls bi*- canu' national. Ourinj^ this period also slu* inatignratod I ho blank system o\' ivports, ori^inati'd a i'lvdontial s\ sti-ni for State ami Nalii>nal Conventions that made a hitlu-rlo ilitVu-iill task easy, ami wriiti* the hook " Htlpinj^ Hanil. ' Tlu* '* l-i\val Le^iiin " and " Fri'i* Will C^tlV-rin^ " plans art* proiliu-ls o\' ht-r fertile brain. She also i>r^ani/ed tlu* first Sihotil o\' .Methmls for Wonu'n's Christian Ti-inperanee I'nion Wiirk, ami f'i>r twoKt* years was President oi' the sthiU^l al Mount Lake Park, Mary- land. MKS. MAKV A. (KA'I\ MI-i>KI>l Mi Kl- K was bi>rn near KnssrlKilli-, llrowii liMinty. O., Ok\. .»»). iS.'H. Slu- wasi'ilmaleil al tlu* pubtif and I * ~ private s *■ h im» I s I there, a lul a I a j Hi'U-el HfluHil in Keil I i^ a k . She jiuiu*il I b i' Pro lest a n I Melluulist Chureh at 14. Al .* I slu- was III a r r i o if I *> lberl \V. MiKei-, anil the toll(twin>; yi-ar they ivnuwi'il to llliiu>is. III iS(k) slu', wilh lu-i huH- baml atiil fainiU , re- nioM'il lo Tocuni- s o II , .\eb., where slu* has sinee li-siil- i-if. hor a miiitber of y»*ars slu* ami lu-i Inisband wi'ie tlu- (oiomost work- i'ls in tlu" Stale in llii' liiU>il Ti'inplars. She was »• 1 1- i- t i* il Chaplain i)f llu' Ov- ili*r tor llu* Stali*. Slu* has or>;ani/i*d a n il i' o II il 11 i- 1 f il Hamis i»f Hi>pi' ti>r sinne iwi'iity ye.us past. She was oiu- i>f the li'aili'is of thi' CnisaiU', ;iml a eharti-r nu'tnlH-r, ami Presiihril fi»r lWi> \t*ais. ^^t llu* W. C. T. C. oi Tii uinsi'li. Slu* was Distriel Pri'sidi-nt fi>r a nuinlu'r o\ wars, aiul Ci>uiily Supeiiiiti-iulent for till- last llii*'i* years. She oixaiii/eil a Ci>nnty Silk Ciillnif Asso- i-ialii>n, aiul wioti* a biuik on llu' iareaml habits i>f tlu* silk- Wi>rnK .\s Supt. iif llu- Whiti- l.'ross nuni-nu'nl slu* fiunu'il a Lailii-s' Kx- ilian^^i- ami K**si lu- Slatitm, makinj; her invn house a Ii'inporaiy pioti*ttion liu many an untorluiiale ^\v\. Hu'in^' llu* Prohibition Aiiu-iulnient i'ampai);ii in Xi-braska slu- was C'iinnly Snpi'rin- ti'iidtnt of ni'nu>r*'st Mi-ilal wmk. While en);a>^etl in stn-ial re- form wurk slu* has i*ver bi'en a ili-voleii wife and nuMher. C.FA>KCiI': WUICiI.KV, pnblislu-r i>f "'riu- L"anada Fanners' Snn," I\»ioiUi>, OfU., otVicial or^an o( the Palti>ns i»f Imliislry in Canada; also piib- t i s h e r of '* T h e HrolherhiuHl ICra,'" TiMi>nto, On\ a I'lO, whi>si' nii^t I iv is, " (.uhhI Citi/i'iiship i'lisiiii's Cfin>il lu>\- ermnenl, " was Inirn i n \\'ali*rli>o C'i>., Out., in 1S47. I'hree ln>ys eoiilil not find niiMn i>n llu* oiti farm, aiul i^iu* lii- I'a t ed lu'a i* L" i>r- uniia, Mii'li., where ho is an aiili'iil Pri>- hibitionist ; another is still lui llu* lu^nu*- sti*;itl, and llu* snb- jii't iif this ski-till, a ft or t i' a o h i n ^ sclu>ol oi^hl \ I'ars in i.inultti) and olse- whore, tfrif'tod into jiuirnalisin. At jo lu* was a j^'railnato of" ;i Military Col- li-'j;e, tlu>u^h ni>w he is an adviu-ate of disarmanu-nt anionic the nations. He pnblisiu*ti tlu* "Canada Labi>r Conrior " in St. Tlu^inas, in iSS(> 7, and lost his littlo fortune in his olVi>rl \o unito llu* toilers. Wlion on tlu* i-ditorial staft" of the " Ltiiulon Atlvorlisor," ho fi>uiuleil the " Canaila I-'armors' Snn," wbieh has holjioil ti> eloot fourloen Indopi'iulent luembois i>f the l)iitarii> I.ej4^islaliiro, ami whioh is iu>w luakinj; an iiiu'i)inpriiniis- inj^: Hj;ht for Palionisin ami Piiihibilion in tlu* ni>minii)n, with fifty eanditlates in llu* field. Wc has boon married 24 years li>an.iotive Whilo Ribbon wi^rker, is an Kntjiish Churohnian, and is an inveter- ato loilor in the eauso of Hri>thorluHHl. " The Kra" - lately estab- lished — is an atlvami'il advooate olf Mt>ral and Sooial Reform. He is a R. T., has been a S. of T., a G. T., and an active Proliibitionist. II 94 PROHIBITION I.F, AI)P:RS. TIIK l.ATK HON. MALCOLM l." A.MKKON, ol Oltawa, was for yrai's llu" Iii'st kiidwii aiul niost prmniniMit lfni|HM*am"i* man in p\il>lu' tit't' it) C'an- aila. lit' had I lu* lu»iuir i>t" intiMi'ui*- iiiH I 111' lirsi I'l ihi- liilivm ini'asini" cw'V iiili-iHlniTii in Pai'- liaini'nl in C'anaila. Thai was in (hi* yi'ar i>^^^, anil nifi \i'ry \oi\y; al'lcr "tlu* Maini' Law wcnl intoim'rl. Ills Hill pri>\ iili'tl tof l\\or- on^Ii Ptt>hiliilii>n lit' tlu* inaniitai'tni'i', iniporiatinn a ml sail-. Hi- was Ihi-n a nii-inbi-r ot I hi- Ciovi-i*n in t- III . o t' wliiih llu- linn. Mr. I lini'ks (.-ilu-rwarils Sir l-'rani-is) was Pri-niii'r. C'i>lont'l I'rinii-. ukIi by no i\u- a li't-- tiil.'iIU-r, . onilt-il '■ till' ini>tion tor the HrsI n-ailinx: of llii- Hill, anil ili'h.'ili* I'n- sni'd. Ciil. Priiu'i- s.iiil that though a lovi-r ot a soiial ^jlass, lu- was ri-aily to I'ori-^jo his loniforts lor tin- s.iUi- ofolhi-rs. .Mr. Kohinson (now i-x-Lii-iil.- Ciov. of Onl.irio) raisi-il llu- point that it would >;ri-ally inti-rli-ri- with tho rt'\'t-nui- .'iiiil it shouki bt- a iio\t'i'rnni-nt nu-asni'i-. Pi-t-niii-r llini'ks disavowi-d any C'lovi-rnnurit n-sponsibilily in llu- Hill, but thi>u>;ht i>thi-r I'onsiilt-r.'iliiins iniport.'int alM>. .Mi-. Mai'iloiialil. oi' Kiiijjslon (al'ti-rwards Sir John), spokt- a^^^aiiist llu- Rill. .Mr. .Mi-r- ritt opposi-d llu- Mill; Mr. H. Smith (alti-rwards .Sir Hi-iiry) ratlu-r lavoivd it. It did not pass a si-iond n-adiiij,'. .Mr. (."ami-ron was born ill Thri-i- Kivi-rs, I.owi-r Canada, .April --.sth, i.SoH. Ik- was ;ilways .h staiiiu'h tt-nipi-rani'i- .'uhoi'ati-. SI' SAN H. .\Mlk>\V was bom in Soutli .\dains, .Mass. I'l-b. 15, ifS.'o. 01 t^Jnaki-r lathi-r and M.i] 1 iplist motlu-r, shi- li:is by lu-ril.im- .1 sirontfly markt-il iiuliviil- nality anil ^rt-at stri'ii^th. .\l 15 wi- linil lu-r li-arhin^ .'t ^' ua k I- !• la m i 1 \ s -hiu^l i'or oiu- ilol- I ir pi-r wi't-k anil lioaid. Shi- was a most s n o i" I' s s I'n I ti-.irhi-r lor lilti-t-n vi-ars. .\n ai'tivi- nu'inhi-r itf thi- .\i-w Vork Stall- Ti-arh- i-rs' .\ssoi"i;it ion, shi- m.idi- many t-f- I'l- 1' I i V I- p 1 1- a s lor hij;hi-i' i"i>inpi'nsa- 1 ion, <'t n il I- 1| u a I rights I'lU' wi>nu'n in .'ill tlu- honors and ri-spt>nsibilitii's i> I' tlii-ir work. From a i-hild shi- was di-i-ply inti-ri-sli-d in tlu- .-.ubji-i't of ti-m- pi-r.'iiu"i-. In i^^47 s h t' j i> i n t- d t b o M.'iu^hli-rs ol" rt-ni- pi-r.iiui-, and in iS^.- orj;-iiiizi-d tlu- N. N'. St.i'i' Woin. Ti-mp. .\sso- liation tlu- first opi-n li-mpi-r,iiui- orjjaiiiz.ilion of wonu-n. A.s Si-iy. Miss .Antliony lor si-vi-ral yi-ars jfavi- lu-r t-;iiiu-st i-fl'orts to till- li-inpi-raiut- laiiso, but soon bi-r.inu- i-oiiviiui-d that woman w.is powi-rli-ss to ih.iii^fi' londitions without tlu- b.illot. Il<-r vii-W' on this piiiiit .iri- fori-iblv i-xpi'osst-tl in lu-r slati-nu-nt in wbii 11 slu- ili'i'l.iii-s slu- li.is " no liiiu- to dip out i ii'o with a ti-a- spoon, wbili- tlu- wron^ly-adjiisli-il loivi-s of soiii-iy an- pouring it in by tlu- bmki-tful. ' NJost of lu-r 111- li.is bi-oii j;ivi-n to tin- advo- lai-y of .\bolitioii. Prohibition, and Kipial SiilVr.iiji-. Slu tlu- lu-roii- fi^uri-s in .\mi-rii"aii history, nanu- .iinoiij; tlu- .iblrsi siati-snu-ii. Tlu- futuri- ■ is oni- of writi- lu-r til 1! ii ii ii ! MISS MARTHA LENA MOUKOW, of Kn-i-pori, III., Pi.-s. of the Ninth Pislriit W. C. T. L'., and .\ssoii.iti- Stati- Supt. ol .Si-it-ntilii- Ti-nipi-r- aiii'i* I list riu't iiiti , li.'is bi'i'onu' wt-ll known ami iniu-li respi-itt-d for lu-r labors in hi-li,ilf of tbi- movt-nu-iit, both with voii'i' ami pt-n. Slu- w;is bi>rn in Mi>iimoutli, 111., in Di-i-., |S()«. Shi- Wiis i-ilui-a ti-il in the Paxton publii- si-bools, .and w;is ^raduati-d from Monmouth Colli-^i- in iHi)j. lli-r pai- t-nts an- Ui-v. T. Ii. jiiiil M.'iry Story Morri>w. Slu- is a 111 t- m b I' r oi til i- I'nili-d Pri-sbyti-r- i.'iii C'hun'h, .and is an ;inli>nl .'iiul siu-- i- 1- s s f u I S u n il a y Si-bool worki-r. I [*.'[• .strong I'onvii't ii>n has bi>i-ii thus wi-11 expri-ssi-d: "Chris- tians should so i-omo into i-ontai-t with tlu- world as to jfivi- it sonu-thiiiff to fi-ed on ; to awaki-n il to its ni-i-d of a bi-tti-r lift-. Thi' Sunday Siliool is to build upaiul iiu n-asi- tlu- Cluiiilu-s. Tlu- minds of riiililrt-n an- plastic to n-i'i-ivi- .ind ni.irhli- to n-t.iin iin- pivssioiis." Sbi- I'liton-d upon tlu- W. C. T. I', publii- work upon (jraduation, and has sinii- dont- a laixi- amount of pl.itlorm work, both in bi-balf of the \V. C T. I', and of tlu- Prohibition P.irty, of whieh she is also an entlnisiastii- advoiale. PuriiiH: the l.ist three years she has attended and t.iken an aetive part in a number of important conventions; has travelled extensively, and delivered m:iny public ,'iddresses: is ;ictivelv intt-rested in si-ientifu- temper- ance instrnction in ihe public schools of the countr\'. Hoj^ardus, was bi>ni I JOSKPII A. HOl'.AKIH'S, son of J;iines ll.;iiul Klizabeth lit Kemplou, N. ^'., Sept. .'7lh, 1S51. His i-.'irly life w;is spi-nt j with his i;r;iiulpa- reiits .at rair\ town, N. \'. In i«()K, when 1 7, he c.'uiie to New- York and entered the harilw.'in- store of Paul C. CoHiii, where he remained until 1H77, wlu-n, in I'onj n n i- lion with Isa.'ic Pierce, hc purchaseda portion i»f bis employi-r's business, n n d fiM-nu-il tlu- firm of Hoi;-;ii-ilus tV Pii-rce. l.alei- 'lu- linn was clia. ,eil to Ho- ganlus i(i Kllaby, ai-l ajjain to Bo- j^jinlus, I'^ll.'iby & Kllswoilh. In 1892 he bi>u>;ht out his p.-irtiu-rs, ;iiul has sinci* i-oniluctt-il tlie busiiu-ss ,-iloiu-. In |H()() lu- joined the Ple;is,intville Pivi- sion Sons of Tempei-;ince. Soon ,-ifter, with others, he ortfaiiized L:iurel Cili-ii .-mil st-\-ei-;iI other Piiisions. He h;is bet-ii ;ii-iivt-ly i-n^.-iKcil with tlu- liuli'peiulent t'^riler of CuhhI Templ.'irs, bein^ for two \'e;irs a membi'r i>f the llo.-inl of .Mana^i'rs of the .Slate Ciraiid Lod^fe. I'or more than lifleen years lu- has been President of tlu- iXmerii-.'in Teir.pi'raiu-e I'nion, .'uiii h;is been lu-.-iil of tlu- Ti-ni- pei-;iiice Pep.-irtinent i>f tlu- .Society i>f l*'rii'iuls, an o ;;.'ini/.;ition embracing the entire membership of lli.il Society in this country. IK- i-;ist his lirst vi>ti' in 1.S72, ;iiitl his convit-tion that the liijuor tr;if- lic should be absolutely prohibited led liim to sup|)orl the lirsi Presi- dential nominees of the Pro. P;irty. Since then he has voted for every noniiiu-eofth.it Party, iN'.ilioiial, St.ite and local. PRO IN li rr ION I.K ADKRS. 95 UK\". J<.>M\ WrrS, n.n.,»>t loronto, a puiinituMiI MoUuhI- ist pivarlitT ami li'm|H'iaiut' worki'r, has lu'iMi lalK-il hy a li'adin^^ I*r*'sl)\ U'riaii " llio Priiuc o( iaiiacliai) Pri'ailu'is. " III' \va^ hiirii al Maitii.iiv's Uiiil^isl'tMinaiia^'l), lii'laiul.in iS,iK,aiul spt'nt Ills i-a'ly ilays III his ii.'illvt' laiul. I Ii> i-aiiu> lo L'aiiaila wlu'H a bi>y ol' 17, atui II* s i il o ti at Kiiij^ston, aiul at- U'rwards at llamil- loii, Ivinj; t'liji'aj^fd in nuMi'anliU' pur- ^viils. Ill' was of a i, luiirh tit" Kii^Iaiul tamily, Init, niiiliT I 111" in i 11 1 si ra t ions atu) inttuiMU'i' o\' tlu* lali' Ki'V. CiiH>rtir PouKlass, I>.1>., ilion a voting inin- isli-r at Kin>;sti>n, 111* lii'iarni' roiuiMt- I'll aiul loinfil tliL> Mi'lhiuiist L'Innih. I.ati*!' on lu' ti>i>k an Alts C'ourst' at \'ii'- tmia i'olli'j^o, Co- boiii)^. Hi' I'liti'ivd on liis ^^ivat lilo wink in llu* Mftluulist min- istry, anil has over siiui* oriupii'il a protniiunt position, nut only in conni'i'tion with ihi* Ciuinli o\' liis rlioii r, hnl as a ivprt'sfiita- tivf IVoti'slant ininisttT ami an aulrnt ami oloipii'iit Prnhihition workor. I'Vw iiu'n an* so popular in all tin* I'vanj^rliial rlnnvhos. He is a man oi' raiv t'loiim*nri* a man of " inai;:nituili* ami inaj;- llt'is now till* St'rrrtarv ol" luliu-ation of tlu* C'anaila ili Mt'thoilist Clnni'li, om* oi' tlu* most important positions at its mit.- posal. Ill' is an anli'nt Prohihitionist , ami has tloiu* muih valuahlo work in tlu* pulpit, on tin* platl'orm, in ri>iiviMitii>ns, ami thron^h the pross, to advaiK't* the jjri'at movi*nuMit. MRS. MAKV TORRANS LATIIRAP was born in Con- cord, Jackson County, Mich., .\pril J5th, 1H3H, ami died in Jack- son, Jan. \vi\, 1H95, ot general ncnral- ^ia. She was edu- cated in the pnblic schools at Marshall, Mich. At 17 she joineil the l*re.sby- t e r i a n C h 11 r c h . From iHbo to 1S64 she taught in the public schools o f Detroit, and i n March of that \ear w.is marrieil to Car- n e t t C Lathr.ip, then l*"irst .\ssistant Snrj4;eon in the t)th Miihij^an Cavalry. With him she joined the M. !•:. Church. She was lii'ensi*tl to pri-acb in 1S7J, and ("01 twelve years en- KiiK^'d in evan^^e- listic work, aiul in iSSj was elected Presiiient oi' .Mich- ! i^an \V. C. T. C, holilinj;; this ofiice until her death. She was a Republican until 1S84, when she went into the campaign lor (iovernor St. John. " The Paniel Webster of the Temperance Reform," Mrs. Mary T. Lathrap, needs no eulogy. Her oratorical powers were universally con- ceded to be of* the very lushest order. No lips were ever more truly touclietl with a live co;d iVom Gods altar than were her's. She was a terror to the illogical thinker as well as to the evil doer, while her brave, true worils were aj^;ain and a^ain the courajj;e anil strength of weak hearts. Slit* possesseil also a g^enius for leadership. She is well knowti as a writer, both oi' prose and poetry. With such varied and far-reachinj; J^ifts the scope of her intUience was world-wide. MRS. KI.IZ.V TRASK HIM., woman suirra^nst and jour- nalist, was born in W.irren, Mass., .May loth, 1S40. She is the youni;i*st dau^;bter oi Rev. in'O. Irask ami Ruth Krceman I ; Packard. Mrs. Hill j inherits from both father and mother the li'form spirit, her tat her bein^" Wi'll known as a tc.nperance, a n t i- slavery. ami anti- tobacco rel\>riner. l'"or ten years she W.IS a te.icher, and in Imic, iS(>7, niar- rii'djohn L.-in^ Hill, o\' lti>ston. .She was ttiit' o\ t he li rst to join the W. C". r. ' V ., and has serveil as an otlicial in that body ev%*r ' since. She is now conneiMi'il with the Prisoti ;iml Jail Pe- partment. She has laboreil ea rnest 1 v , . for the redemjition - - - „ I ,)(■ the abandoned women, and has done much elVective work in connection with Soi'ieties that care for and help the working' j^lrls. Since 1871), when the ri^hl oi' schi>ol sulVrajii' was i;ranti'«.l ^» 'I:, v omen ot Massai"hust*tts, shi* h.is been actlvi'lv enj^a^cil in politics, working- for the Prohibi- tion I*arly. She has beconii* disllntjulshi'il as an .ulvocate o\' the Australian b;illi>t. She took a leailln^ part In 1S8S In the public school .'Imitation, in rescuing; the schools tVoin mismanaj^e- ment. She is editor oi' .1 paper, '* Woman's \\ • ■ and Public School Champion. " She has been i'ov sever.al years the President of the Ward and City Committee oi' Indepeiuleiil Women X'oters, a recojjnized powerful political oryfani/atlon. RKV. MICHAKL STAKKORD. P. P., oi Lindsay, Ont., whose death occurred In that town ;i few years a^:o, was i'ov vears one o t I he most prominent and suc- cess i'u 1 R o m a n Catholic Tcinper- a n c e workers i n Canada. He was popularly known as "(he l-ather .Mat- thew oi' Canada." He was born in the township oi' Prum- moiul, Lanark Co., Out., about eij^ht miles from the town of Perth, lie was e il u c a I e d at the Perth HIkIi School and Reiiiopolis { R. C. } College of Kin>,-- ston, f['oin which he jJTi'adualetl, He was for si>me vears a Professor in t 1) at Colle>;;e, and also Assistant Chaplain oi' the K I n j^'^s t o n Penitentiary. While performin^^ the lat- ter duties he be- came stronj^^ly impressed with the evils of the drink traHic, as over one-half its Inmatesat that time were under the inMuence of drink at the time of commi'tin^^ the crimes liat sent them there. Kven In iHi)4, of the 41)4 convicts within its walls, but 7^^ had been total abstainers. In 1S5H he was ordained .1 priest, and first appointed to the Parish of Wolf Islanil, near Klni^ston. Here he saw nuicli of the deplorable results of drink amon^ his own flock, and later on of the i^ood results ol total abstinence. In Mav, iS(>S, he was ap- poini-.'il to l.lmlsay, aiul there, In his g^reat inllnence ami exertions, over J, 000 pi'rsiins were induced to -sijfii tlu* sanu* pledjfc as him- self. The moral ;viul Hnancial benefits of this ^rnnd work are 'ell recojjnized there to this day. I 96 PROHIBITION LEADERS. REV. \VII.I.I.\M H. HOOI.K ill .N'l'W York lity. lli" bi'miii llu- n.n., wjiN liiirii .'nid rt'.'irt'il Nliuly 111 law, but soon .il'lfr I'liloii'il llu- miiiisti y III llu- N'lnv York Kasl i."i>nf"i'i'fiu'o of the M. K. Cluiivli, aiul has siiu'i' iu'imi- pioil siniu- 111 till" liMiliiiK iliarjfi's in llu' lilirs ol Now ^'^l^k ;uul Hiiioklyn. lit' lu'lpi'il to r.'iist* ti f n i* r ;t I Sii-kli-'s laiiious " Kxri'lsior Riij^ailf," ami w.'is .ippointi'il L'liapl.iin ol ils lillli ri-jfiiiii'iil. IiijiiivlI liy a fall IVom his liorsc, he ivsi^'iiod, hill was roil stall 1 1\" tin tin* plat loriii ill till' I'liioii faiisi'. His SI- rill on .'i gainst Miiriiuinisni, doliv- I'lvil at S.ilt l.akf L'ity ill prosi'iK'o ol" Hrii^hani \'ouii^ anil llio i-liii'l eliji- 11 i t a r i o s o t" t li t' .Mtirnioii Ciuiri'h, arousoil siuli an I'Xi'iti'iiu'iil thai .1 riot w.is almost pri-fipitatoil. Ho was I'orniorly a Kopiihliian. liiil witlulrow I'roiii his parly in 1872, whoii its N.itional e'onvonlion .il Phihulolphi.i iiuorporatoil in ils pl.iirorm tlio inranious " R.istor Kosoliilioii," whiili ilotlaiod a^ainsl Smulay laws .-iikI Pnihibitioii. Siiifo that liiiio ho has 10- niaiiu'tl n ooiisistont P;irl\' Prohibitionist, liis spot'ial toniporanoo work lioinij on tlio platl'orni of tho (.'hiirohos. Hr. Hoolo boliovos that tho L'hiiroh of Cuul niiisl ami will iiiiito in horsoU'all tho foroos opposoil 10 tho saloon, aiitl that tho siirost and spooiliost w.iy ol oiitliiwiiiff and annihilating^ tho s.iloon powor is by oihiciliiij; tho followois of Christ ;ilon>; tho lino of Christi.in oitizoiiship. Ho residos at Prohibition P.irk, Slaton Island. MRS. KI.I.A AI.K.N.WniCR ROOI.K, .M..\., was born Jnly 20, i«_sH, ill \aii Wort, O. H.m' latlior, Lol. I. \. .\loxandor, ooni- in.'iiuloil tho l''ortv- sixth roginioiit, I O h \ o \'oluiitoors, il 11 ring Shorni.-in's faiiioiis " .M.'iroh to tho Soji," ami ron- iloroil olVooti\o sor- vioo iliiring tho 011- liro Civil War. Mrs. Hoolo is il gradiiato oi Woosior I' n i - vorsily, O., I'.-irry- i 11 g ti If tho oliiof pri/o ami highost il o 11 me of o:ise and eloganco into the iinocising roiiml of Itiil she h:is since known." She is :i member iif the Protost.'inl l*"pist'op,'il Chiirob, ami lives in tho upper p.irt of Now ^■tlrk City. I.IONKL THO.M.AS CH.ANCKY, S. Sliorilf Coiitr.il Dis- trict of .\owltniiull.iml, w.is born .it St. John s, Nfld.. Oct. j, 1828. His lather, l.itinel i."li,'inct'y, tliti biisi- iit'ss ill Harbor li r ;i o s o \' o r <'i 1 vo.'irs, when ho ro- iiiti\'oil to St. John's, .'iiid soon alter niar- rioti V. 1 i z a be t h , tl.'uightor of the lalo I'hos. Knighl. He hi'is hot'ii, through lift', ,'in .'U'li\i' meni- bor of tilt' C'tiiigro- i;;it ion.'il C'hnrch. \\v joinotl tho lirst I'olal .Abstinoiico Sticioty in Now- roiiiull.'imi in 1843, nmlor llio lo.uler- sli ip ti f the 1 a t e Art'litlo.'icon Hritlgo. I It' was initialed in I'niiiii Oiv., Nil. 2, S. of T.. in .March, 1S51, ,iiul has hold every olVico in 'be ilrtlor in Sub. .and (ir.'iml ni\isioiis. Kloctod W. P. in July, 1853, and initiatitl in lliol".. D. Session holtl in ll.irbor Clrace in tli.it year; w.is oleclod Ci. W. P. in llio yo.ir i8(),^,.ind le-olooled next year. In lli.tl year ho ro-org;iiiizotl Harbor lir.ico Miv., No. 1(1, ami inslallotl the late l.'iinoiitod .iiitl bolovoti Hon. John Miinnas Worthy P.itri.irch of lli.il Division. In iHSi ho o.iiiv.issod llio north sitio of W.ilor si reel in the intorosls of the Local Option nioasure I hen hoforo the l.ogisl.ituro.a iiiost trying duly failbl'ully performed, thtnigh nearly every socomi house w.is .1 ru|iior shop. \]o was re- turning ofiicoi in the Permissive election of 1885. Ho is in strt>ng sympathy with the Woinon's Christian Temporaiico I'nion, and ativoc.'ites Woni.'in's SunV.'ige. Ho is now Ci. W. P. ami enjoys the ctinlitloiico of .all his assot'i;itos. PROHIBITION LEADERS. 97 REV. THOMAS DkUITT T.AI.M AC.K, \X\\. w.t^ bom in Rniind Bi"t>ok, \. J., iH^^j. Mc stiuiioil law mu' \i'ar, atU'f ^i-.-ui- u:itiii)< Willi honors ■"^1 from tho I'nivorsity I of llu' City of Now \' o r k . !•■ o o I i II K I'.'ilU'il lo pi"oai'h, In* Urailii.ili'il from llu- Nt'w H V 11 11 s w i <' k Seminary oi Tlu'- olo>;y. Ho sorvoil pasli>ratos in Hollo- villo, N. J., .Syra- ouso, \. ^^, ami I'liiladolphia, and I'/inio 111 Hrooklyn, whori' ho pro;u'hi'tl for a ijiiarlor of .'i oonliiry lo l;irf;or .'iiuhtMU-os than any othor pri'aohor of his limo. In addi- lion to atlilrossin^ iliroolly Iho lar^i' oon^ro^alions that h.'ivo lhroi';4od liis j niinisir)', his sor- I nums ;iro piiblishot! ^ o\ory wook in pa- L _ - — pors all over the w o r 1 tl . Ho h a s found tniio lo do an immonso amount of loaohiiijf, writiii^f, and leoturinjf, boiii^ in jcroal and oonstaiil domand as ;i spo.ikor on all public iioi'.'isions. In iHqj Uv wont ti> Ixiissia aiul li.'ul ;iii amlionoo with tho Czar. In 1894 ho mado a trip "around llio world." l\i' has od'totl sovoral papors, writlon I'opiously ami woll for tho pross, and piiblishod m.iny volumos. Anionj; Iho books that havo oomo from his pon aro : " .Aroiiiul tho Ti*;! Tablo," " Tho Hrook- Iv. Taborii;iolo,'" (sormons), "Tlu' Marria^o Kinj;," "from Maii^"or to 'I'hrtiiu'." Ho is C'h.'ipl.'iin of tho faiiunis j_vd Ko^imonl, o\' Rrook- lyii. i\c has alwa\'s boon a lolal ahslaiiior ;iik1 most pronotinood Prohibitionist. Wi^ is, biitli in pulpit ami on .';.• platform, vory outspokon in oxprossions of opinion on this siibjoot. MRS. L. M. N. STEVENS, Prosidont of tho Maine \V. C. T. L'., was born in Dovor, .Maine, in 1^44- Her father's name w a s .\ a I h H n i e I .■\ ni e s , and her III o I h e r , N a n c y Parson Ames. She was ediioatod a t Foxor.ifl Aoadoniy .1 n d West brook Seminary. Sho was ni a r r i e il t o M . Slovens, a business- man of Portland, Me., in i>«>.i. Sho has boon promin- eiitlv idenlilied with the ■ \V. e'. T. l\ siiioe its bo^innin^. .She is a linn advo- i'ato of Prohibition by law, and of its eiiforooniont, and believes thai wo- man's ballot iliould ■ lid in both. Sho has boon eij^litooii yo.'irs Prosiilont iif the .Maine L'liion. A re- oeiil bio);raphioal sk e I I. ■! doelares: " .As 1 rositlent of the Maine L'nioii, she has a larjre and loving eonslituoncy; as As- sistant Reoordinj; Secretary of the National W. C T. I'., she has had ;ibundanl Iraininj^ for tho position sho now liokls ; while I: *r oxiollont praetioal and oxooutivo ability is ooiisl.intly boin^f more widob' reoojjnizoil. Sho was appointotl one of Iho Woman's Com- mission for the Columbifin Exposition; also n monibor of Iho St.'ite Hoarii of Charities ;iiul Corroi'tions, while the Iiulustrial Home for Women, whioli is tho spooi.'d work of the Maine Wtimon's Christian Tonipor.inio I'nioii, is larjjoly of her foundinj; and nur- turo. Mrs. Sti'si'iis' is an .'lU-roiiiKl porsonalilv, and tho quiet force of her inttuoiice will be bettor understood in the days to come. " Au>f, ROBERT AI.OER was born in C.ronvil 24th., 1840. His father, Win. .Alder, k" Count)', Onlarii>, was lH>rn ;it Now- c as! le- tin- Ty i;o, E n >7 . , a n d his mot her, P h te b o Scott, w.'is born in Cuoiiville C'.i'nly, Onl., and of. colch di'scont. f'o w.'is I'ducatotl in the pub- lic si-|uiols, aiuI fov .'i few years followoti I ho profession of teaching, ;iik1 spent some years in busi- ness in Proscoll, i')nt,-i rio, bill has passed most of his days upon the farm. \\c is .-in earnest Methodist, a Ko- loi'llUM" in politics, '- ^t^^^^^^^^r ^J^^dUB^^ --] lo.'idinjj temperance orffanizations of the country.it thai time, tho Sons of Temporaiico ami tho Ciooil Tompl.-irs. He has been for many years a member of the Grand Division of the Sons of Tenipeianco, and has labored assiduously in connection with tho Independent Order of Clood roniplars. \\{} has taken .1 deep iiilorest in all those periodic a^fitations over Iho temperance question Ihrouffh which Onl.irio has passed, and bv his voice, his vote ,ind his money, in the niinkiu .Act, .Scott .Act, and Plebiscite campai)i;iis, has aided the cause of Prohibition. He is a firm be- liever in the riifhteousnoss of Prohibition laws, and fully expects to see their liiiai triumph. NATHAN V. WOOnHCRV was born in Sturbridjce, .Mass., J.in. io, 1H50. Removed to .Auburn, .Maine, in iHsH. .Attended common schools un- til II, and winter terms until i4,>jrad- ualin^ at 17 in a commercial i-ourse. \\\} secured .a posi- tion in I.owiston in 1H67, and tlioreatter supported the fam- ily. Ho was Pay- master for the l.ew- istoii Mills fourteen yo.'irs, then aj^ent. 'I" wo years later the mills were closed, and .Mr. Woodbury hiis since been em- ployed by banks, and as Treasurer of the Maine Invest- ment Company. He became speci.'tlly in- terostetl in temper- ance when 16, hav- injj been identiPed with all the various Prohibition move- ments in Maine; was delog.ate to R. W. O. I.. .Session at Saratojja in 18S7. He is called the "Father of the Prohibition Parly in Maine, " but be declares Wm. P. Joy entitled to that honor, as he called the Convention of 1H80 at Ellsworth. Mr. W. learned llirougfh " Livinfj Issue " of the N.'itional Prohibition Party, and, with Edward Pliimmer, called a Convention at .Au^'usta in 1876,11111 organization was prevented by Republicans. .At the 18 o Joy Convention Mr. W. was Chairman of tho Stale Comniittee, and for many years after. He repre- sented Maine at tho .National Convention at Chicago in 1882, and the l.ako Bluff Conforonco in 1883, where ho delivered an ad- dress on " Prohibition in .Maine, " which was published in pamph- lul. He has been a dele^^ale to each National Convention since. fl } 98 PROHIBITION LEADERS. WILLIAM KLGOOD SMALLKIKLD. ol KimiIivw, Out.. was born in Brooklyn, \. Y., Oct. jjnil, iS<)i. His ("atlii-r aiut mot luT ;iro hot h Kn^']istl, and rr- inaiiK'd so ilnrln^* a Iwflvo yoars' rosi- iltMUi" in tho r. S. riu'v ri'inovt'd lo Hastings County, L'anaila, anil allor- warils lii Ri'iilVow, \vlu*ri' liis lalluM- I'^lahli s!u'd '* Tlir KtMifrow MiMvury ' in 1 87 1. At I,? \\'. K. K'lt school and rntt'ri'il !iis latlu-r s titlii'i'. At'ttM" tinish- ini^^ his apprtMilit'i'- *.hip hi' spcnl a year ov so in Torontt*. riuMi lu' rt'tnrnt'd to U f ntrt'w, and was takon into hiisi- ncss part nt'rship willi his ("athi'r hc- toro \\v roat-'hi'd his inajiirily. Tl»o I'ili- /t'ns bainnuMt'iI the nt>w lirtn. In tiis nmvspapor work hi* look a stronj^ inter- est In Ifnipcraiuo niattors. Hi* joiiu'd the S. of T., look a promin- ent part in introducing" the Seott Act in his oounly ; was Secv. ot the County Association; af'terwartls totik an active part in ent'orc- injf the law. For this work "The Mercury' otlice was deslroyeil by the Incendiary's torch. 'I'he temperance people insisted on sharing: the loss, and presented the (irm with $i,JO().oo. At diflfer- ent times he has published **The County Temperance Atlvocate " and the **Son of Temperance. ' Has been a Son (or 15 years; also Co. and Dis. Deputy, and is now a Prov. Heputy. Is a K. T., and an advanced Prohibitionist In j 'Ics. He took a leadinj^ pari in floatinj^^ the Renfrew Temper; c Hall. He is a Cnitarian. MKS. M. Al'C.l'STA HOLMAN was born in Leominster, Mass., Dec. 25, 1H51. Her parents were Win. H. Veaw. of Rhode Island, and Mary K. Ftillansbee, of Lei>minst er. .She was married in 1S71 to Ira F. Hi^lman, cabinet makei- by trade, .md a Repub- lican in politics - always volin)^, how- ever, against t he saloi>n. Kducated in the excellent pidv llc schools oi her native town, ami in- diH'trinated in tem- per.'ince antl Piohi- bi t u>n principles liv her mother, a woman of r.ire wit and i n t I'lligence, M rs, 1 lolmau has always taken an active part and a ili'cp interest In the temperani'i' soi'ie- ties. She Is a P. W. I*at riarch and a member o\ the C>rand I)ivisiv>n S. o\' T. ; ;i devoted W. C. T. V. worker, and an otiicial for many years In varit>u.s ofVices o( the same. She is also a Past Officer of the Woman's Relief Corps, auxiliary to the li. A. R. She has been a member o{' the C.raiul Lodge I. O. Ci, T. She is a member oi the local Prohibition Club, and has served as delegate to the State \Soi\. of llie Pro. Parly. She is of a cheerful ilispo^.ltion, though not strong physic. illy, and a great lover o( animals and o\' tltnvers. .Active in all moral reforms, a zealous atlvocate of equal rights for the sexes, and a fearless Pri>hibil|(inist, Mrs. Holman has made her intluence felt i'or giunl in her own locality and among her wide circle o\' friends. i; ii MISS MARIE C. BRKHM, Stau- Supi. ol ilu- W. C. T. V. Institutes, Illinois, and National Supl. of the I'Vamliisc IVpari- nionl, was l>orii in Sandusky, Oliio, Juni', iX-iq. Her fatlu'f's name was \Vm. Bit'lnn and lu'r niolhi'i 's, Kliza- iH'th Khodi-. Slio was I'tlut'atotl in Ilu* publii" si'l)oi>ls, and in adilition rtH'i'ivi'il a pi'ai'tit'al Iiusinoss cduL'.'ition, anil had private insli nitiiin in tlu'CK'rinan lang- uage, voi-al iniisie, en]l>roiiiefy and paint in)4:. Slie is a Pi'esliytei'ian. Slie is an aetive nieni- ber ol'tlie Cln'islian Endi'avor S o e i e I y and ot" the Seienti- lie Society of Mt. Caiinel, 111. She was elected Presi- dent of the i()th nislriet, Illinois, \V. CT. I', in Septem- ber, i8gi, and has been re-elected each year since. She served as Recordin^j Secretary for the State one ye.ir. She has done much work on the platform and throujfh the press, conductinjj nu-dal contests on systems that involved the whole District, no less than 15J be- ing: held in her District last year. She works, sings, writes ami prays for the IVohibition Party, and yet her grealesl work is in inspiring others. A friend declares : — " Perhaps what mostly impresses the listener in her addresses is her honesty, her fearlessness, her fair - mindedness, while those who know her well in private life will bear cheerful testimony to her truthfulness, to her tender heart, and withal to a sweet and gracious womanhood." RKV. O. P. GIKKORD was born in MonlaRue, Mass., April 15, 1K47. When 18 years old lie went to .New York anil entered a commercial house. He entered Brown L'niversity in 1S70, when' he gr;ulii.'iteil with distinction in 1 S74. The s;i me yi'ar he iMiteri'd the B.iplist Theo- logical Semiii.ar)' at Rochester, N. Y., anil alli'r his gradu- .'ition in 1H77 he was ordained p.istor of the I'iist B.iptist Church, Pittstield, Mass, a n il c o n - timieil successfully in that otlice for two ye.'irs. In iHjq he was trtinsferred to the Warren Ave. Baptist Church, Boston, Mass. He soon made himself known in Boston as a fearless preacher i>f rigliteousness. On the resignation of Dr. l.orimer from the pastorate of the Imin.'imiel B.'iptist Church, which he had I'stablislieil in Chicago, Mr. Clifford became pastor of the ehiircli thus left wit' out a leader. He at once became a power for good far beyond the bounds of his own churi-h. Mr. Ste;id, in his fami>us book, '* If Christ Came to Chicago," makes fri'quent reference to Mr. Gifford as a terror to evil works and a praise to t' ' vvhich is good. He helped to organize the Civic Federation, of which he was Chairman of the Committee on Morals. In iSq4 lie !"fl Chicago to lake charge of the Delaware Avenue Baptist iMinrch, Buffalo, N.Y. Formerly a Republican, in iHHo Mr. Clifford joined the Pro. Party, and has rendered it efficient service ever since. PROHIBITION LEADERS. 99 GKOROK \V. CAl.I>KR\VOOD was bom in Dr.ikf foimly. O.I Si-pl. 17, 1H4S. His rathfc-. .ludjff A. K. C'aUkMwmHl (df- I'fasfil iSiji), was oiu- of till- most proniiiu'iit lawyers of Wi'sli'iii Ohio. His inollu'i ICIi'.inor (dri't'asi'il 1^51 ) . was a sisliM- iif Jiiliii K. and \V . H. M a I I'll f t I, noted phvsii'ians of (irt'n- \ilif, O. i;.-oi>ti' atti-ndi'd siliool loss than two yi'ais prior to tlio war. Ill- iMilistod soon at'lcr Ills i,^tli yoar, .ind siMVi'd till iHh.S- I'roni rH«i5 to 1871 h f wa s tr,ivi'llin>; I'orrfspontlon I ol" tlio "Ciininnati Ctit- zolto " and o t h o p.'ipors. Ho studiou l.'iw arul \s;is atl- niiltod a p.irtni'r of his fallu'r in 1871. He had a 1 .1 r >;o pr.iitiic, bnl quit the prol'ossion tor prohibitorv work, le.ivin),' i)H unlriod I'asoson tluMlorki't. In |H7.> 111' puhhshVd " Trohihition I'ai-ls," oslahlislifd bclore noinin.ition of Jaiui-s Ml.uU lor I'rosidonl. Ho has boiMi in ovi'iy I'rohibi- tion "tight " sinio 1H7J. Wi- tr.ucllod oxtonsivoly .is .mi orijan- izor ami advoeato of N.-ition.il I'rohiliiliun. oditod tin- " Anu'rio.in I'roliibilionist " and ollior I'rohibilion p.ipiMs, and h.is bi-i'ti .1 ooi'- slant 0,'nlribiilor to the press on this suhjeet. He owes his gre.'it or.ilorieal powers to liis lallier, who w.is.i noted advoeale. He is now eelitor ol' the Oakl.oul " H.iily Hee," .ind " Calilerwoods M.i);azine,' the latter exteiisivelv ipioteil by the "New York \oiee' and other papers. He is married; has two sons and one ilaiiijhler; resides in Oakland, while liis ofliee is in San I'Lineisio. .MRS. ZKI.I.A C. ROI.ISON Hl'NT, A. .M., dauffhtor ol" Wni. S. Rolison and L'ornelia K. Kaines, w.is born at West .Vvim, \.Y. Her lather . was of Kii>;lish de- s e e n t , a n d h e r mother a sister of the distinjf uishod Rev. A. C t;eor){e, n. 1). She w,is edii- ealed at Clenesee W'esleyan Seiiiinnry :ind L'olUxe, I.inia, N . \' . , taking a elassieal et»urso in the I a t 1 1- r , a n d gradiiatin^f at nine- i teen, at a time when 1 this and Oberlin I were the only eol- leges open to wo- ] iiien. She went forth from college halls with gre.at iileas tif living for the bctterineiil of those around her. .She joined the .M. E. Chi:' eh and tliel.O. G.T. while atte.'d- ing college, aid ' — " " went out to help other lodges not so prosperous as her own, reading "essays," as they were then call- ed. After graduation she taught suceessfiilly for three ye.irs. In 1S70 she ni.irried Kev. \\. W. Hunt, a M. K. minister. When a si'hool girl she eommenced writing for the press, ,'ind has continu- ed ever since, her articles .ippearing both in dail\ and weekly newspapers. She has also been active in speaking .' temperance Conventions for the Ci. T. , and in talking on temperance in Sunday Schools. For thirteen years she has been Supl. of .S. S. on her husband's ch.irges. .She is at present working- on many lines for the W. C.T.I'. .She was for three years .Siipt. of Scientific Temperance Instruction for her county. She has three daughters. MRS. ANNIE ORCHARD Rl'THERKORD, of Montreal, Pr.'sideiit of the Dominion W. C. T. I'., was born in liall, Ont. Her f.ither, John Ore ha I'll, w.'is a native of Cornw.ill, Kngland, and her mother, I.ucinda .Montgomery, of .Armagh, Ireland. .She spent thegre.-it- er p.'irt oi' her life until marriage in Hrantford, Ont. .She was educated .1 1 Ci alt p 11 b I i c schoiils, Br.'intfortl Ctra niiii.'i r School, ;ind the Weslevan 1' e 111 ;i 1 1" C o 1 1 e ge , H am 1 1 1> n. She gave ?'■ ."..I atten- tii>n 'o iiivsic, and helii the position tif org.'inist ;iiul clioir- li'atler in several inipiirt.'int i-hurches. She was ;i Hand of 1 1 ope piip'i'lj.u'nt il old enough to be taken into the S. of T. by her parents. She enlist ed in active temperance work under Mrs. ^■ounlans in i.SHi; was elected Rec. Secy, of Ont. W. C. T. L'., ,ind held the ollice till iHq^ She was Vice-Pres. of that body 1894 1895, ind in 1895 was elected Do.iiinioii President. During her term as Rec. Secy, she was also Siiperinlendent of the Department of Scientific Instruction, and it was then that the Hill for .Scientilic Temperance Inslriiction in schools W.IS passed. M the first Convention of the Dominion Union in 18H5 she was sent as a representative of Ontario, and was elected Rec. Secy., which positii»n she held until elected I'res. Of her Miss Willard wrote, "It is pleasant to be one who cannot be thought about save as a bringer of good cheer. ' THOMAS R.ARNARD FLINT, M. A., LL. B., and M. P. for Yarmouth Co., N. S., was born at Yarmouth, N. S., in 1847. He was educated principally at the Weslevan College, Sack vi lie, N. R. He graduated B. A. in 1867, and M. A. in 1874, and LL. B. of Harvard Law- School in 1872. He pr.'icticetl law since 1873. Hewasmar- rietl in 1874 to Mary E., d.iughter of the I il t e T h o m as .S . Dane, of Yarmouth. He was HighSlieriff of Y.irmouth from i88.^ to 18H7, and Assistant Clerk of the House of .Assembly for N. S. from 1887 to 1890. In politics he is a Liberal, and in church an Episco- palian. He was elected to the Do- minion Parliament at the general elec- tion of i.Sqi, and spoke at the session of the House in favor of Mr. Jamieson's Prohibition resolution. In 1893 he was chosen by tile Parliamentary Comniittee of the Dominion Alliance to move the Prohibition ri'sohition iif that year. He made a long and very .ible address on that occasion, and also in 1895 (see part IL of this \'ol.) He was President for ten years of Yar- iiionth County Temperance Convention, and a member of the Sons of Temperance, Iiulepentlent Order oi Good Templars, and Temple of Honor. His county claims to be the cradle of tee- totalism, the first teetotal society in America having been organ- ized at Beaver River in .April, 1828. Mr. Flint is regarded as Parliamentary leader of the Prohibitionists of Canada. lOO PROHIBITION LEADERS. ^ .! I REV. ABR.AM D. TR.WEI.I.KR was born in what is ni.w the city of OlUwa, Onl., IVf. 24, i8?<). His paivnts wore Jiilion _ and I ItMirit'lt.'i'rr.'iv- olliT. AlliT allcnil- i n H till" public si'hools, he look a course al Albert Lolletje, Belleville, Out., ;ind also at Clarrell Biblical Institute, K v a n s - ton, III. He is pol- ilically idenlitied with Ihe Prohibition I'arly, and look .111 active part, on the plat To r in f Conslilu- I i on a I Prohibition in the State of South Dakota. He was converted when he was i<) years of a>fe, ami joinetl the Bay of (Juinle (Ontario) L\>nference oi' the .Methodist Episco- pal Church as a probationer for the ministry in Ihe year 1863, was ordained to the deaconate by Bishop Smith in 1H65. "i"' as elder by Bishop Richardson in 1867. He labored successfully for a period of nineteen years in the Methodist Episcopal Church in Canada, and for thirteen years in Ihe I'nited Sl.ites, six years in conneclioii with the Rock Ki\er C\>nference, and seven in the South Dakota Conference. He spent ei>;hleen ye.irs in the reffu- lar pastorate, and filled Ihe position of Presidinjf Elder for nine years. He is now Superintendent of the Chicago Home Mission- ary and Cliurch Extension Society, which position he has occu- pied for the past live years, ;:n evidence that he has discharjjed his duties satisfactorily to .li_ Society and with benefit to Ihe eommunitv. MRS. NEI.I.IE M. (;OI.DE.\. of Syracuse, N. Y., was. born Sept. 6, 1K44, in Eaton, Mailison County, .\'. Y. Later the family removed lo HamilliM), in Ihe same count) , where she obtained a fair education, which she completed at i.>noiula>ja X'alley, Oiuinda>;a I'ounty. Slu> had till' advan- lam'of the influence of C h rist i;in par- ents, from whom she inheiited a tal- ent ft^r \oi"al and itistri.ment.'tl music. W'h.'ileveri^f poelrv, ^Crai'e tif mantuM', Jitid :>;ilhos .Mrs. Cu>lclen pi>ssesses she inherits from her mother, l.ucy Sweet, d.'tu^^hler of Robert .Sweet, of Pompey Mill. In the year 18S8 she joined Ihe Ladies' Aiil of Pil>frim Chapel, .Syracuse, and h.is held .'dmosi all Ihe olVices theiein, be- \i\^ at present its \'ice-Presiilenl. In the same year she hejfan writinj^ sketches on temperam'e and iilher suhji-cls, lo be usi'd as reatlin^s at socials ami other public iMiterlainments. In iStji she became connected with the Women's Chrisli.in Temperance l'i''on, and in the same year united with the I. O. i). T. In this Order she has held prominent offices. .Mrs. Ciolden is a woman of method and untiring enerjjy, .1 pleas.int companion and a con- vincinjf speaker. She is thorouffhiy devoted lo Ihe temperance cause. She believes with .'ill her he.'irt in the piHihibilion i>f the liqiuir traffic, and fully expects to see its final triumph. .She m.inifests her faith by workinjf assiduously in its behalf. Ji' •' MRS. ANGIE F. NEWMAN was born at Montpelier, Vl., Dec. 4, 1838. She was educated al the Academy of her native town and in Law- rence University, -Appleton, Wis. On ■\\\^. 5, 1859, she marrieil D. New- man, of Be.iver Dam, Wis. She removed lo Lincoln, Neb., in 1871, for climatic reasons. Her husband, a dry jjootls merch.'inl, was killed in ;i rail- way accident Sept. 3, 1893. From 1871 to 1879 she serveil as Western Secy, of the Woman s F"or. Miss. Soc. She was editorial contrib- utor for many years lo "The Heathen Woman's Friend " and other journais. She has taken an official and import- ant part in the cru- I '"' - sade a>;ainst Mor- monisin by lectures, arguments and memorials. Has been State Supl. of Jail and Prison Mission Work for fifteen years in Nebraska. She was the first woman ever elected to the General Conference of Ihe M. E. Church at its Quadrennial Session in New York city. She has been a member of the National Conference of Charities, and has held the office of Nat. Supt. of Mormon Work in the Nat. W. C. T. U. She is known as a writer of verse, and author of several works, but much of her life has been lost by lonj; periods of invalidism and as a victim of three serious accidents. She has always advocated absolute Prohibition in the home, in medicine, and in politics. She is a sister of the Hon. John M. Thurston, U. S. Senator from Nebraska PROF. D. F. SPICER, educator and reformer, was born near Richmond, C, Au^j. 14, i860. His parents, David W. Spicer ami Kezia Ross, were of I'-njf- lish-Welsh-Scotch tiescenl. They sel- tleil in I'nion Co., Ohio, at an early il a y , .'iml exper- ienced all the li.ud- ships of .'I pioneer life. \*oun^ .Spicer was educated al Ihe District Schools, Marysville Public Schools, Natioiit'il Pen Art Hall and Business College, Marietta Colletfe, and the Nat iona I Normal I'niversity. He joined the Pres- byterian Church at Ihe a^fc of 13, and betfaii teachiuf; at Ihe -.i^v of 20. He taught District Sclu>ols six years, .also taught pen- manship in Marietta College, Harm.ir Public Schools, aiul lo priv.'ile cl.asses. He was at one time ^'r.'si- dent of the Marion Normal L'niversity. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, National Fratern.il I'nion, .Vmerican Protec- tive Association, U. O. D., Y. M. C. A., and Christian Endeavor. He has been a Prohibitionist since 18S8. He was elected County Chairman in 1892, and did grand work for the parly. He was a candidate on the county ticket in 1892 and 1893. In 1895 he was nomin.ited for Clerk of Supreme Court of his Slate, and received 289 votes more than the candidate for Governor. Prof. Spicer is an earnest and impressive speaker, and an avowed enemy of the three great powers, Rumism, Romanism and Greedism, that are undermining the blood-bought freedom of our country. --—'^ 1 H'' K^^t^^Hl i ^^^^^ M m n^m ^Kst ^S^^^^^B w> \ H|^r^^ F^- ■ ■^", 1 m$ ..-.«»«£d PROHlBiriON LEADERS. lOI RKV. f.EOROK WKI.I.S KISIIKR, Chaplain of tin- Nalioiial Division of tin- Sons of Ti'iniiiTami-, wa-. hoi ii in Ni-wark, Nol- lin>;hainshii'i-, Kn^., July i()lh, 1H47. His part'nts wore Ji»hi» • inil iMary Kisln-r. lit- was t'diuatfil al I Infills Aiaili'iny, Ni'waik, Kn^f. Mi- hi* Ion ^s 1 1> a n d si'i vcs llu' Mflhoil- i>* C"hiiiH-h, aiul is rfi'o^nizt'tl a s a n ahli' pivailuT, ami a siii'i'cssfnl plal- foin) spcalior. In politics lit* lioltls thf jfrH-al issui' li» hi' " Pri>hihitii>n " o r •* lii't'nsi'," and so stands ivady lo sink all minor ijiicstions tor tilt' sakf of tlu' dotninant issni*, h\ votinx foi'anv party ffivinjf I'roliihition. Ill" hi'lii*\rs in ^'iv- \ny; I'ljiial sulVraj^f to woini'ii, t'spt'oial- ly iipi>n this anil othor moral issiii-s. W'hilt' ht'lon^injf to various ti'mpi'ranii- sociotifs, lu- has hoon most ailivrly idt-ntitiod with till- Sons of Tompi'ianii', holding tlii' offiif of C'lrand Worthy Patriarch, and Cliaplain of the National Division, to which office he was elected at the Jubilee Session, New York, in which cele- bration he took part. Me also attended the Session in Chicago, and preached the official sermon, which was published in the minutes of the session. On other speci.il occasions he has preached discourses in favor of Prohibition, which have met with much lavor, and been printed and distributed widely by request. On the platform he has for many years been heard with pleasure and profit in favor of outlawint>; the saloon. REV. JOHN PH.AI.EN, of the Nov.i Scotia Methodist Con- ference, is the second son of Lawrence and Sarali .\. I'halen, and was born in Mill Village, N. S , Mar. iist, 1H61. Con- verted at 14, he united with the Methodist Ch.irch, and at iq, feelin}f called of I'.od to the ministry, he found himself for a time hindered in secur- in)f the necess.iry education. In 1K85 he was accepted as a I'andidate, and, after passinj; the necessary examina- tion, was admitted to the Nova Scotia Conference. He spent one ye.ir at Ml. .Mlison' Acad- e m y , and three years at the I'ni- versity of Mt. Alli- son Colle^fe. In June, iK8g, he was appointed to North ' Kingston, Ayles- ford, N. S. He united with the Sons of Temperance at 18, and has been actively coiuiecled with the Order since. On leaving his charge he was honored by the Division with a valuable present and .'in admir- able address. He was appointed O. \V. P. at Sheet Harbor, N.S., and also at .Musquodoboit, which office he still holds. In the great Plebiscite campaign he labored assiduously and with great suc- cess in indoctrinating the electorate in the duties of Christian citizenship. On election day he never left the polls, making a person.il canvass with grand results. He boasts of never having tasted intoxicants. In politics he is an Independent, and an un- compromising Prohibitionist. REV. JOHN A. B. WILSON, D.D., is one of the most inter- esting and romantic figures on the American pulpi. and platform to-day. Born Sept. 24, 184K, in Milton, Sussex Co., Del., of English, Welsh and Irish blood. In ll pulpit before 20, with an imbroken career of rapid pro- motion, magnetic leadership and mar- velous usefulness in every pastorate. He was .appointed, by- Bishop Simpson, Presiding Elder, and for nine years he was known as the phenomenal Presiding Elder of Methodism. In 1887 Dickinson College conferred upon him the degree of Doc- tor ot Divinity. In 1892, Dr. Wilson was tr.ansferred to New York, and stationed at Eigh- teenth Street Ch., where he became, perhaps, the best-known Methi.dist clergyman in the city. He went to Los Angeles, Cal., at the imaninious request of the officers of the First M. E. Church of that city, and entered at once upon the temperance work with his usual vigor. Mr. Wilson cast his first ballot with the Prohibitionists In 1872, and has supported that ticket at every election since. He orginized the Prohibition Party in Delaware, and was its storm center on the Peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia for many years. Standing nearly six feet high, broad shoulilered, broad chested, a rich bari- tone voice, a strong, fearless thinker, writer and speaker, in the prime of life, he commands a large hearing wherever known. REV. JAMES PARKS MILLS, .M. A., was born at Nor- walk, Ohio, Dec. 16, 1839. He has in his veins Scotch-Irish, E n g 1 i s h - S c o t c h , German and Welsh blood. He joined the G. T. the first meeting held after attaining eligible age, and the S. of T. at the earliest opportunity, and has ever since con- tinued in fraternal co-operation. At t h e age of 17 he entered college preparatory studies al Baldwin Univer- sity, and graduated in the Classical Course in 1869. He entered the Federal Army soon .-ifter the Civil War was declared, and served until De- ce*r.ber, 1865, re- maining true to his temperance princi- ples. He has been an earnest advocate of Prohibition all his life, and joined the Prohibition Party when, after the second amendment campaign in his State, the party to which he had previously belonged refused to heed the majority vote polled for that amendment. In i88(> he was chosen Dis. Sec. of the Nat. Reform Association, and in 1889 Dis. Sec. of the .American Sab- bath Union which he held three years, wiiming golden opinions from the press and people. In all his reform work he constantly opposed the sal)on as the source of all the evils he was called lo combat. In 1869 he joined the travelling connection of the M. E. Church, and is now pastor ,>f a iirominent church. Four years he was a successful educator as Principal of Conference Seminary. lOfl PROHIHITION LEADERS. iJ "! ■i ■■ M i IM REV. rKTKK \VKU;m. H.O..nowol PoitaK*' I-a Prairu-, Man.* is u woll-kiiown uiiil hucci'msIViI Prt'sbytcriaii ininUifi aiul /r.'lliUlS tl'IM|HM'!llU't' workiT. II r wn s b I) r n I II Rnvvii'k- shiiv, Siiitlil, Oi'l. '.S. I'^.V)- •i"^* wlu'ii abi>iit 20 years o( aj^f iMiiu" lo Can- ada, aiul Kuatt'd on a fairii n t'a r C i> - iitairifd two yi'ars, {•"anniii^-, howi'V'T, Iif trit I'oiu iiufii, was nol bis I i I'l- work. He was a d i I i ^ I ri t situli'iit , aiul alter alleiulin^' \ ill. ia CoIl»'K»' one s^ ,sioii lie en- ^■a^■e(i in leaehin^-, ill whii'h he was sne- eesstiil, for aboii! six years. I>uriii)r- lliat time be was Prineipa! ol" Ihe II i^ h Seliools at .\i>rwt>oii anil Cliat- hani, Oi\\. He then l*>ok a llieolojLjieal course at Knox CoIIe^^e, Toronto, i^radnatin^ fVotn it in 1S70. He was tliily hiensed ami onlaiiiei! a Presbyterian minister, ami has bad pastoral eliarj^es o(" leading;' elunehes at Ini^^ersoll, (Jiiebee, i\ ontreal, Slalford and Portage la Prairie, in all o\' wliieh exeel- leii. n'sutis have followed his labors. While in .Mtmlreal he also rendered ^ood service as leelnrer in elassies and mathematies in the Presbyterian Colle^^e in tliat eity. I'or twenty years he has been an earnest advocate ot tlie Prohibition movement in the pul- pit, llironj^jh the press, and on the plairorin. He was Convener oi the Gen. Assembly's Com. on Temperance tor five years, when he went West. Since then he has occupied a similar posi'ion in the Manitoba Synod ever since. MRS. PHKHK KMMA KUTTAN, ot* Manitou, Manitoba. President of the Manitoba Provincial Women s Christian Temper- ance I'nion, was horn in 1851 in the town oi Picton, Co. of Prince Kdward, Province of Ont. She has an honor- able ancestry, beinj; a danj^hter o\' !<, A. Norman, ami a ^■ranililanii^liler o\ Rev. Wiliiaiii K. Norman, and on Ium mi>tber's side the ilauj^^hler o\' Pliebe ICli/a Hill Norman, ami ^raniklau^hler o( Silas Hill. Her eiiucalii>n was ob- laineii primijially ;il the public school in her native town o\' Picton, althou_y:h .'it a subsetpient period she at ten tied the Weslevan Female Collejjfc iti Hamil- ton, Ont., and like- wise look a course a t the N o r m a I School for the train- ing of teachers in the cilv of Toronto. Siie became a member o\' the Methodist Church when she was in her sixteenth year, and has since been identified with that religious body. In Ihe year iSSq she was elected President of the W. C. T. I', in the town of Mani- tou, Man,, which was then just organized. In the year iHc)4, at the Convention o( the Provincial W. C. T. V, of Manitoba, in Carberry, she was elected to Ihe hiijhesi office in Ihe jfifl of Ihe Society, thai of Provincial President, and at the aimual meeting in Neepawa the following; year, the satisfactory manner in which she had discharged her duties was attested by her re-election lo the office. MRS. W. H. WlH>nS was a daughter WiltiaiiistMi, and born near Carlisle. Pa Rev. Mai Ki]i);hl Wcv father hail four brothers, Presbv - tt'iian ministers, all of whom were suc- i rssful paslors. He, lumsell, preached o\K'v fifty \ ears, liv- in^^ and dying a Prohibitionist. He loundeil an acad- i-my at Acadeniic* Pa., where she wa» cilui'atei.1 until her iStb year, when the faniil\ reiiitnt'd to <.)hu>, aiul she, with two sisters, entered the Vouiig Ladies' S.'niinary at Sler- benville, where she was grailuated. In '^55 Prances T. Williamson was m a r r i e ti I o h e r cousin, William Harris Woods, o\ I.ewistowii, Pa., a son xi\' Rev. James S. Woods, I). O., anil grandson of Rev. John Witherspoon. D.O., l.l..l>., wlio was sixth President o{' Princeton College, and .1 signer oi ihe l>eclaralion o( Inde- pendence. They have in their possession :i clock brought from Scotland by Or. Witherspoon in 1 7(>S, which still strikes the hours and keeps ^ooii lime. H.ivingbeen welt grounded in temperance principles by her- father, and n'lciviiig an inspiration * iin her second mother, who was an OW\o Lrusailer, it was natur;. for her to join llu' W. C. r. C Slu- was elected Local Pr-e-ident at Huntingdon, Pa., in 1S7S, ami Stale Treas. in iSH.>, which office she still holds, having been elected for the finnleenth year al Harrisburg, Ocl., iSi>5. She is also Presidenl i^i' the Women's Christian Temperance I'nion of Huntingdon C\>unly. ISAIAH HORTON, son of Isaiah Horlon and Charlotte Chatfielil Horion, was born al Springwater, Livingston County, New \'ork, August jylh, iXt,i, He was educaleil in the l>is- triit School. Very ea r 1 y in life he espiuised the tem- peiaiice cause. One of the first resolii- lions he ever re- iiiemheis to have made was that it he livctl lo be a man, there would he one man in the world that would never taste inloxi- »aling liipiois, and he has faithfully tairietl ont that 1 esi^lulioii. In 1S72, when he saw there was no use in ex- pecting much tem- perance work from t h e Republican Party, he resolved lo lr\ to help or- ganize ;i polil ical parly thai would do Prohibition wo r k. He has a family o\' five childitMi, three sons and twi» daughters, whom he has so trained and instructed in total abstinence and Pi-ohihilron principles that are all total abstain .at Lansing , M . iii - K<'in, allcr whirh hi' was tor two u*ars Niipl. of Si'liools at lira n il l.fd ^ i- , Mirli., aiul lor two yoars nun-o L'ouniN Si hool ICxaininiM lor Moi'osia C'o. Hi* sUiilii'il law, anil in iSii was ailniilli'il to thi' Mar al Ui^ Kaplils, Mirlii^an, whori' hf |iiat'lii'>'il till iHSK, whi-ii ho Itoo;iiiii* assooiato oilitor of llio *• C'l'ii- lor, ■ Iho loailiii^ I'rohihilion p.ipor oliho Slalo, looaloil at I.ansin>f. For ihop.ist six yoars ho iias ilovolod alinosl his onliro liino lo I'ro. plall'orm work, am! r mks .iinontf Iho lo.idinjj " hroail ^fauKf spoakors of iho parly. Ilo is also aoknowlodjfod lo bo 0110 ol Iho paiivs loadiiifj " volo-m ikin^r " spoakors. Ilo was Iho parly laiididato for Soo- rolary of .Slalo in iHqJi iind has lor yo.irs \h-c\\ a nioiiibor of Iho Stalo Conlral Coniniitloo. Ilo was ni.irriod lo Miss Fannv .\l- kins in 1K75. Thoy havo 0110 oliilil, Horlh.i K., now in iho ^{rail- ii.ilinff class of Iho Lansing llijfli .Sihool. .Mrs. .Maloiio is .ilso a loinporamo workor, boiiij; rrosiiloni of l.ansinjf C'onlral Woinon s christian Toinporanoo rnion. Tho laniily aro .ill iiiiMnbors of iho Mothodlsl Kpisropal C'hiiroh. llKORf.K W. II.WVXm'KST, tlrand Soirclary of Vir- jfinia, is tho olilosi son of ihi* Hon. job Ilawxhiirst, of Fair- fax C'onnly, tho (irst iMaiid I'liiof Toni- plar of the Stato. Mrothor HawxhursI joiiu'il tho i)rdor al Kairfax, C. H., Jnno i,\, iSdy, and al oni'o bi'i'.'iino an aotivo C'lood Toiii- plar. Ill" w;is oloot- oil (iratiil Soi'ri'lary of Iho I'irand l.odjco of \'ir^tnia at tht* Slannlon sossion, .Nov., 1M7J, and has liolil tho offioo ovor siiii'i', ii'-oloi' IimI (with ono oxoop- lion) by a 00 lama - lion. Bro. Hawx- Inirst is nolod ior his proinplnoss, his ability for iho rapid dospali'h i>i bnsi- noss, for tho .loonr- ;u'\' anil ooinplolo- noss of his ropiM'ts, for his iinlirinK «Miorv>y and oflToo- livo loadorship in suporvisinjf and dirootiiiff cl.o work of tho l^rilor in Iho St.ilo, tiul for his porsislonoy in liavinjf ovorythinK dono whon il oii).;hl to bo ilono. Ho is .1 monibor of tho Int. Sup. I.oil^fo, and roprosontoil Iho Cirand I.ihI>;o in tho sossions at l.onisvillo, Konliuky, ;inil I'orll.inil, .Maino, and also alloiidod tho sossions hold al \\ashin>;lon, H.C'., Kiohmond, \'a.,and SaralOffa Sprinjfs, .\.V. He w.is I'onr yoars Soorolary of Iho Stato Board of Kdnoalion al Kioliinond, \'a., and four yoars C'hiof Iloputy I'nilod Stalos Marsh.il. Ilo was marriod in Novonibor, 1890, lo Miss .Sarah I.. I.ofovro, of Kairfax, ;> most osliniablo lady. They h.'ivo ono ilaii^hlor, ;in intori'stin^: .ami lalontod yoim)j lady, and prosoni Assist.iiil (irand Soorolary of tho Slalo. KKV. JOSIIl A DVKE, B.D., pastor of iho .Molliodisi thinvh, at .Moo-omin, \. \V. T., was born .it WodnosHold, U'oh orhaniplon , SlatVordshiro, Kn^f. , Sopl. 15, iH4(). His paronis, John and Mary Hyko, woro .imoiifj Iho oarly lonvorls of Mol hod- ism, l.'ikin^ ;i proin- ini'nl sh.'iroin found- ing sovor.-vli'luirohi's in thill p.irt of Kiifj- land. Mr. Oyko was i'i>nvorlod .-inil ioinoil Iho ohurih of his paionis whon 10 yoars of affo. .M'lor Mil' iisu.al I'ourso in Iho piiblii- sohools, 111' spoilt four yo.'irs in propar.ition for iho Mothodlsl min- islry, uiiioh ho 011- loroil in 1S70. Tho British Ci^nfi'i'i'iii'i' Iraiisforrod him lo l'>nlario in ihyj. His piinoipal oharjfos in Ontario wero l.on- r. ... , . ''""• *-" ''■'' ''••'"' . KowmanMllo ; and in tho Manitoba ;ind N'orth-Wost fonforoiuo, Calvary, Winnipof;, Fori William, \irdon and Moosomin, at wliioli plaoo ho also oooupios Iho position of Chairm.iii of Iho Distriol. From oarly boyhood ho has boon a plodjfod abstainor, takini; ;i deep interest in the Tomporanoo Reform. In Ontario ho was ii prominent member of the Sons of Tomporanoo, and the British (now Royal) Templars. Both in Ontario and the Xorth-Wosl, Ihroujfh the press and on Iho iilalforiii, ho has taken an aotivo part in I'rohibition work. He has boon twioe married; liist, May 24, i«7s, to Miss Bella Park, of London ; sooond, to Miss Sopliia Fox, B.E., da'iffhler of tho late John Fox, of Chatham, Ont., by whom he has two sons and two daughters livinij. I\K\'. JOHN SC.\NI,0\, Methodist minister and lemper- .'ou'o reformer, was born in West Gwilliambiiry, County of Simeoe, Out., April 10, iH^g. His parents were Mark Scmlon and Ann Thorpe. He reeeived his educa- tion in the public schools, particular- ly at Bradford, Ont. His ministerial edu- calioii he received by private study. Mr. .Scanlon is a de- voted minister, a clear expositor of jfospel truth, and an effective and in- cisive platform •■ul- vocate of temper- ance and Prohibi- tion. He is iden- tified, and has been for some years, with Iho Independent O r d o r of G o o d Templars and the Royal Templars, havintf served a s Worthy ■. iiief Tem- plar. In politics Mr. Scanlon Is an Independent, believing' that the blind party spirit of lo-d.ay isoiii' of the ijroalesi hindr.'inces lo le^al .and social reform, aiul that ovorv Iriio Christian citizen should be free to support the jfood and oppose I he evil in every party. If a Prohibition Party woro in the liokl Mr. Scanlon would not vote for the present liconso p.irlios. Ho has taken a very active part in the campaigns for local Prohibition under the Ounkin .Act in Coinplon County, yue., and luuler the Scott .Act in Carlton County, Ottawa City, and in Brockv lie, also In iho great Plebiscite campaign in the Province of Ontario, spe.ikins; very frequently on the platform and doing a large amount of effective organization. He has done much effective work in enforcing law. L w- 104 PROHIBITION I.KADKkS. m DAVID \V. li.AliK wns b«>ni in MailiMni, l.jiki- I'n., Ohio, SrplrmbtT tb, iHjs> l( Jaiiu's liaKf aiul i'hailHim Tiiiiwy. Ill- wax c'iliirjiti'd iit ili«ttrit*l Hi'luio), Paiiu'svillt', l>li|ii>, Arailt'iiiv , .1 n il r« Inshiii >{, l^liiii, liisiimir. Ill' is a Haplisi, a S. ol T., a K. 1. of T., aiiil a proiuxiiu'i'il I'roh i b i t i on i s I . Koaivil a WIiik. al J I lir voti'il llir Anii-Slavriv liikri, liii' I'll'!' Soil I'aiiy. Mr brratni* a Ki'- piihlicait in iS^h, aiul a I'i'oliihiliiiiiisI in iH«ii). l-'iom iSHj to iHHy III- was llu' l>liio Slali- Oixan- i/i'f of I hi* I'rohi- hilion l*aii\', visit- ing and oi'^ani/iil>c I'vtM'v rounly, anil by iiu'f'ssani labors on Ihr plalforni anil through llu* prrss raisin>; Ihi* party nu*nihi'rsliip from 5,000 to ^^5,0fh or^ani/atii>n. lli* was tlu'n t*n- Kajffd by llu* National Hinvau, Inil owin^t lo his oxrossivi* 1,'iboi-s anil a pi'irlial bri*ak-ilown i>f lu*allh hail lo I'ani'i*! that rn- Kaxi-nii'iit. Ill* tlii'ii ri'-opi*ni*il his law olliii* in Clovolanil, whrn* hi* had praitiii*il from 1S54 lo iK(i8. Hi* joiiu'il tin* S. of T. in 184S, and hi*lil tin* olVui* of IV. \V. I'., and was a nirmbi*r of ihi* Nat. Divisions .it ll.'ilifax, Nrw llavon, .Montn-.il and W ilniin>;ton. Hi* br^an ti*mpi*rani"i' woi'k in 1K4J, ;uiil li;is i-ontituii*il in hai"ni*ss over sinrt*, brinj; .an i*.arl\' assoi'i;iti* ;inil IVii-nil of J.av t.>ili*ll, Cii*o. P. Burwell, ll. K. Stewart, and other stalwarts of the early lieioii* days of the Prohibition Painy. MKS. ni'l.D.VII S. KOI. KWKI.I., Siipt. of l.t-Kishilion and Pelilion IVpl., both of i>nlario ami Dominion W. (.'. I'. I'., whs born Nov. JJ, iM^4, ill I'ii'loii, Out. ller father was the Rev. Daniel Mi'Mnllen, now di*i'eas(*il, anil her mill her, Kli/a t'lmjfi'r, oi I'. K, Loyalist parentage. Shi* was i*ihu'.'ili*il in the I'ommon and (■r.'immar Si'bools of Pii'lon, anil the Ladies' College, llaniillon. .She was bronchi up a striil Mellioilist, bill is rxiremely tolerant III Iii*r views. Mrs. Uoikwell was iii- >l,>i-|rinati*il in Pro- h ibil ion priiu'iples l>\ .Mrs. S'otiin.'ins, Slu* w.'is Si*i*ri*larv of the Piiton W. C. T, I'., of whieli Mrs. Vouniaiis was I' r I* s i d e n I . .She Iravelleil with .Mrs. Yoinnans tliroii^h Prini'i* Kilvv.'inl Co., bolilin^ Dtmkin .\i'l mi*elin^s — the two hein^f I'.'illeil .Mooily .and Sankey, as .Mrs. Koi'kwell sail),' elTeitively. She is a R. T. of T., and has bilonijed 10 the S. of I . She marrieil in 1H77 Mr. John Roi'kwi*ll, .'mil remmeil lo Kin^^slon, wheri* she labori*il i*;irni*slly in Seoll All i'amp,'ii);iis, and was appointed Siipt. of LeKislalion, l''r.inihisi* ami Petitions for the (.Ontario W. C. T. I'. She bejf.iii at oiu'i* to stir np the woini*ii voli*rs ot' l>ntario li> iii.'ike use of tin* siif- liane and to eleil heller men lo iniiniiipal loiimils. Several Hills for i*xti*nilin); the franehisi* of women ha\i* bi*i*n introilni'i*il into the l.e)fislatiiii* at her insti^^^alion. ThroiiKh her infliieiue the names of 70,000 Canadian women were added lo the l'oly);lot Petition. RE\'. C'.KOROE C. HADDOCK, one of the (irsi martyrs lo the cause of Prohibition, was born in Wateitown, \. V., Jan. j,^, iS^^2, a ileseendant, on his mother's siile, of the famous prefiehei*. Liirenzi> Dow. I 11* \v;is i*ilu- ealed al the Blaik River Institute, and in iH(Kt be^an his e;ireer as a M. K. minister in the Wis- eonsiii Conference. .Always outspoken in his denunciations of till* lii)uor traflii", hi* w.'is, while Pri*- sidin){ Klder of the h'on ihi Lai' District, brutally assaulted by three armed men, saloon sympa- thizers. In 1884 he left the Republican Party anil became one of the most erticicnl workers of I h e Prohibi t i on Party. Stationed in Sioii\City, low.i. in 1885, ;i citv with 30,000 people, fifteen churches, ;ind too saloons ruiinin)Jf in defiance of the State Prohibitory law, he lectureil, raised funds, sij^tied peti- tions for prosecutions, and fulminated from his pulpit, and in every way boldly o]iposed the liquor intert*sts. Of course he incurred the bitter hatred of saloon men, and of all who sympathize with saloon interests, and on the eveninjf of Auffnst ,^rd, |H()6, while ridinjJ^ back to .Sioux City from the iieijfhbi>rinjj^ town of Cireeii- ville, he was set upon by f crowd of brewers, saloon-keepers and ronj{hs, and was shot, and died almost instantly. His assailants were tried and acquitted. How much influence the great brewers of the West exerted lo secure this verdict it is im- possible to state. '' .ALKRKIVH. CLKA\ KS, author, and foreman in numerous machine shops of Illinois, was born Sept. ylh, 1848, in Hoston, Mass. His ances- tors were of old X'w Kn).(laiul stock, his mot hers family runnin>^ back to the l').ilon members ot the Mayflower com- pany, her fore- fathers being of- ficers in the wars with Cireat Britain. His father was an .Abolitionist, <'i Lib- erty and Free Soil partisan, and a Kre- niont anil Lincoln dy eil - in -the- wool follower until the fall of Babylon in the slavery strug- gle. .Mr. Cleaves has resided in .Aurora, 111., since 1883, and has been a member of the Aurora City Coun- cil three times, as :i r;idic;il Prohibition- ist, among high and low license members. Of late years the Prohibitionists have put a city ticket in the field. He was m.irried in 1874 lo Miss ,Mary Henderson, of Springfield, 111., and has six children living, one son .ind five daughters, having lost two sons. Believing in the duties of sobriety, righteousness, and godliness, he has decided th.it drunkenness, being a great national vice, should be counter- acted by temperance in personal coiulncl; that the saloon busi- ness, being a great national crime, should be removed through the political action of a National Prohibition Party; and that license voting, being a sin against Clod, can be reached only by theocratic law, or the withdrawal of Christian fellowship from individual Chris- tian.* or Church organizations that consent to such disorderly walk. I I'ROH . HI I ION LKADKRS. 105 DR. MnVIIKI.I. nOWMNf. V.HH bom mar l'..nKlik.v|)si.-, N. v., his prrxMil liiuni', in \H^i. Ili- <.|m'IiI his !><>> IuhhI ami (Ml ly tn.tiiiiiuxl uilh his pari'itts ini Ihr taiin lu-ar IMcasanl \ alli'V, alli'iuhn^^ 1 1 II' uhl Aiiu'i'iia Si' Ml i II a r y . II 1' sluihi-il ilciilistrv nnil.M |)i. J. v. Irllsoii, Ihi'ii Ihi' iiitt^i popular ami lu'i'i'sslul ilfiilisl in I ''Ml^hkri'psii', aiul II I (){ opi'iu'd an niif lor hinisi-H ikI ^laihially Iniill n|> a laim* piai'tii-f, III- is wi'lj-kiuuvn !•■ an ailivi' t'liris- II. Ml worker and li'inpi-iaiii'i' ailvo- ralr. Ill' was a pioni'rr in llii' ^■. M. C*. A. inovt'int'nl o(" [lis Stall', ainl (MIC III ilS /('ali>llS siippoi I frs ill his '>\Mi lily. I li' was I'li'siili'iil for matiy \ rat's i>l" Dnrhi'SH Co. .Siimj.iy Srhool .\ssiH'ialiott. Ill' was a Ui'piihliian iiiilil iH-j2, svhcn, like itiany olltt'rs, his I'yi's wrri' opi'tu'il to tlit' coi rnplion ol llu' party ami its subsiTvit'ni'y to tho liipior inti'ri'st. Mo took I'Xi-i'ption to ihr luilorions " Raster Kcsohition " ami joiiu'd t!' ■ I'lohihition I'arty, in whii'h hi" soon lu-r.-iini' oiu" of llio ri'i'OKiii/i'il State li'.idi'rs. Or. Downing enjoys in a lar^i* lii'^rei' the i-onhiletu'i' anil >;ooil will ol the eili/ens ol l'oll^hkeepsil', ami has oeeiipied positions ot honor .'mil itiHiieni-e in thi' i-oniinunit\ in whii'h hi- ri'sidi's. Me has heen for several vears a Diieeloi of the hirst Nalional Hank, of I'liufflikeepsie, N. V. lie has heen for ten years a nieniher of the Prohibition Slate Conmiitlee. MKS. ANNIK UKN'TON I' ARKKK, of Tomnlo. the wonhy I'Ip-ineet of Kev. Ih. \V. R. I'ark.'i, has taken a very .titive inleiesi in ihe lent- (MTiime a nil Wo- man s Kraiiihise iiio\ em en I fro in «"lirl) ){irlhotHl. She was horn in one ol Ihe in OS I pielur- I'sipie see I ions ol the hislorie lily ol y^ili'hei', the ilaii^h- ler of Thonias Ki'n- ton ami Annii' Ji'f- 1 1 e\ . Mer father 11 .(s a whiilesaU* V, 1 .lit! a n d Hour il> alei , .( man of deeided literary t.'iste, ,') I'onsl.'int slndenl of the eoiii- meieial ami polili- eal hislory of the d.iy, and a very fii'- ijuenl I'onli ihntor lo till' press. Me Ire- i|nenlly I'xpiessed Ihe wish th.it .\nnie had been a boy, entertaining Ihe eonvii'tion that to boys heloii^eil llie hijfher privile^jes of ediieation, the franehise, .'mil of .i free ehoiei' of their lile-work, whili' ^ii Is were heil)ii'il iiiotinil with limit.'itions th.'it dw.irfed their enei>;ies. This teniied to e.'irly ileeide her mind that eipial privileges, rights and opportunities for >{irls ami hoys alike was thi' onlv just stanilaril lor l^'hristian I'ivilix.'ttion. She im- hibiil an inleiesi in the ternperame movement in her home, ,'md I'arU' bei'.'ime .'i i'i»nliihntin' lo llu' "Witness," ihi' "Tr-'insi-ripl" .-mil " noininion Ma^ca/iiii'," uiiili'i' thi' fintfi i/t- hlume K^'i "Annie .Apton." She hei'ami' an ardent W. I". T. I*, .'mil Wom.'tn's Kr.'mehise worker. She has been Diim. W.C T.l'. Supt. of Kranehiseaiul \'. 1'. of Ooiii. Enf, Asso. Hoveral terms. In iH6_i she married Rev. \V. R. Parker. SARAH v.. KIWKV STKHHI.NS was horn in Obeilin, O., June 15, iHjy, and inherited .'i pioneers spirit. Her >fri'.il->{i','iiul- f .1 1 h e r , T h o m .'I s Porter, and her Krandfat her. Dr. Darius .Matthews, wi're .'Liiion^ Ihi' most inllnenti.'d pio- neers in \'ei'nu>tU. irisli>i'y' rt'eords of Dr.' Matthews "th.'it 111' i'i>ndiii'ti'il a lar^e farm with- >ut the nsi' K'\'i spirit- uous liquors." Hit p.'irents, D.'mii'l R. Kinney and Hetsy Matthew's, moved lo Oherlin, Ohio, in 18^5, the second spi'iiij; \^\ its exist- I'lii'e. Nearly Hftv y e.'i r s of I'.-irnest, self-di'iiN'in^ etlorts wi'i'e spent there, anil their inlluenee was e.'irrieil ti> the ^rowinjj eountry beyonil by two sons and Hve il.iuffhters. In |S(>| .S.ir.'ih w.'is fjradualed, and was married to Mr. H. P. Stebbins, of the I'lass of ' ^9, on Oi'tober 22, 1S62. In 1864 Ihey moved lo Hiawatha, Kan., to start its first paper, "The L'nion .Sentinel," and in i.S6<) they moved to .\lehison. In the first years of the Prohibition strujf^jle .Mrs. Stebbins look ,111 active and self-denying part. The temperance cause has always receive»l her sympathy and help, and for some years she has been Secretary of the W. C. T. t'., the Supt. of Prison Work, .'ind is Supt. of the Kvan)felistic iVp.irtment. The family consists of four sons and three daujrhters. They are members of the ConKreKa- lional Church. Mrs. Stebbins' sisters have, like herself, all been earnest workers in the cause of temperance and Prohibition. H. CI.;\V H.XSCO.M was born .it Crown Point Centre in 1H44. Ill' .'itti'iiileil till' public si'hoiils, .'mil while yet in his ti'ens iH'came locally con- spicuous ,'is a de- bater .'iiul lycetim writer. While still a youth he com- tii e ti ceil p u hi i c spe.'ikin^, .'mil the e xte mporaneous faculties tlii'ii mani- fested were the presa^fc of convic- tions th.it have kept .Mr. H.'isi-om con- stiinlly before the public .'IS a tempi'r- ance spi'aki'r .'inil writer for thirty yi'ars. Convertetl at fourti'i'n, he has bei'ii pi'i>ininent ly connected w i I ii Methoilism ;is cl.'iss- li'.'ider, S. S. Supt., Nul l.'iy preacher. Ill' attended Fort I'aIw.'iiiI Collejfiate Instituti', and serv- I'll as tutor for two ye.'irs there. Orijj- inally a Republican, In Ihe early scvinliis .\Ir. Bascoin was nomi- nated for School Conunissioner, and bec.ime thus aci|uainted with Ihe inner workiii>rs of Ihe Kepublican machine. Flatly lefusin^f to contribute corruption funds he withdrew from it and acted inde- pentlenlly until his connectii»n with the Prohibition Partv in 1K80 <\Y i8,Si, sini'e whii'h he has bi'en ilele^ate ti» every .National Con- vention and e.'uh .innual N. \. State Convention. For many \'e;irs he h.'is bei'ii .-i member i>^ the State Kxecuti\'e Commitlee, and since 1H8S has represented .New York on the Nalional Prohi- bition Commiltee. In 1885 he was the Prohibition candidate for Governor of New York, making sixty addre^ses in fifty days, in- creasing the vote over last Presidential year, from 25,506 to 30,867. io6 PROHIBITIO.N LEADERS. KKV. n.WtKI. VanNORMAN l.l'CAS wa* horn in llu- I'oiintv »r lliilltin, (>iil. Ill- Is llir sun iil' C'»|il, Jolui l.iuas, of till' llalliin militia, anil i-oiiii's III I'. K. I.KValisI sliH'k. Ill- Ill-Kan lii-> minis- li-rlal work a> a \N'i'sli-»an (iirai liiT In iMhi aiul wrni as a missiiinaiv to H. i. in iS«)j. AltiT ii-luiiiin^ lioin llu- lar Wi'sl, 111- si-rvril his tli-noniinaliiin as II pastor in I'oimlry anil lily work lor srvri.il \rai's. Ilt- assisti-il as a iiirm- In-r ot till- iii-tu-ral Conli-ii-nii' ill tlii- toriimtion ol III at roiiipli-li- union of all I hi- M 1-1 li oil I St hiulii'H ill i'anaila. W'lu'ii a p.istor III Mont I ral hi- was askril to arirpi a position as Si-i'i'i-- tary of tlii- noin. Alliaiur ot ^iii-ln-r. Ill- si-rvi-il in that lapai'ity lor ihn-i- yoars, w)u-n hi- n-ii-ivril a M-ry pri-ssin^ invitation to visit Austra- lia, wlii-ri- hi- ii-tuli-ri-il >{ii'iil si-rviir in ailvanrin^ tin- I'rohihilion laiisi-. Till- Antipoili-an pn-ss ^i-iu-rally has spoki-n in tin- lii>;lu-st li-rms ol his i-IVorls. Mr. I.iiras, who holds tin- ilr>;ri-i-s ol' .M. A. ami D.n., ami is also a l-i-llow of Tin- Koval loloiiial Instituti- of l.omlon, is a man of intrlli-iliial >{ills, r;itlu-r a ivi- ihi- avi-ra>fi-, ami of i-oiisiiK-rahli- liti-rary atlainmi-nt and i-xti-nsivi- knowli-d(;i-, • IS tin- ii-sult of lari-liil n-ailin^ and study and Iravi-I. Hi- is a thorough I'rohihitioiiisl, ;iml may wi-ll In- rountrd .'imon^ tin- fori-- most In the- K^i'-'it ti-nipt'tanii- lii-ld. l)i. Lucas is the author of Neveral uitefiil workn. MKS. K. ADKI.IA l.l'CAS Is ihi- wif.- of llu* Rpv. P. V. I. mas, I). I>., uhosi- poitrait and ski-lrli an- also on this paK>'< Shi- was horn at I. Ori^'ial, ni-ar Ottawa, Ontario. .Mrs. l.tiiaN in tin* daiiKlitrr of the Krv. Josi-ph Ki-yn- olds, for many yr.irs a M-iy iisi-liil \\'i-sli-\an ministi-r. Sill- w.is i-ilurali-tl at \\'i-sli-\.-in l.ailii-s' i'olli*Xi-, ll.'imiltoi), and was marrii-d to .Mr. I. mas in iMis. Shi- ,'irroinpa niril hrr hushaiul around till- world in 1HK7 tKHH, and took part with him ill ri-li)(' ions ami tt-nipt-i- ami- si-rvlii-ii!iili"n "• 111'" I'nions in .\ustrali;i. Sht- is ;i 1,-iily i>f ituli-fali>{ahlt- induslrv; most i'onsi-it-iitioiis In all shi- doi-s, ,*ind I'arrii-s In lu-r lu-jirt i-vi-ry hour a dri-p sympathy with lu-r laio, and i-spi-iially for tliosi- oi lu-r own si-x who siilli-r throu^ch tlu- iniiphtit-s of tlu- llipior ir.iftu-. I. Ike her luishand, she is an Intense and active Prohlhllionist. MRS. SAKAII KI.IX.VHKTII HAHCOC'K, physician and electrician, of Hradshaw, Neh., was horn Feb. iH, 1K5H, in Meijfs Co., OUio. Her parents were An- drew Jackson and I'hu-'- Oliver. She w." -diicated at Stockton .'iiid .\orth Warren. She Is » niemher of the Bap- tisi Church, llu- IVohihitlon Partv, Kind's !>aii^liters, \V. C. T. I'., Y. I'. S. C. K., and the W.R.CalsoCh.iir- nian of the Blue Rihhon I'luh at Cit-rmantown, -Nt-h., h.ivinj; heen unan- imously elected in iKi)i. She has held offices of trust In all the societies with which she is con- nected. She is one of tlu- ori^in.'il Cru- saders of Ohio, and, heinj^ an ardent lover of justii-e and ri^ht, h:is workt-d faillilully as a Ic.idcr in I.oc.il, County, and District \V. C. T. I', work. She Is ever ready with pen to do press work, .ind has alw.'iys answered the call of duty in platform or other work. .She tauj^ht for five years in public schools, comiiu-iu*in>j at llu- .'ijfe of 16, and >fave all her extra lime to nursing; and care of the sick, her soul heln^ in this lumtane wi>rk. She h;is heen very siici-essl'ul as teacher, nurse, physician .ind electricl.'in. Of ;in ;incestry noted lor firmness and tact, .Scotch and .American, she has been a close student .ind is a self-made wom;in. She went to Nehr.-iska In 1871, and was married in 1H75 to .Andrew Jackson Babcock. They have no children, but adopted and raised to maturity an orphan boy. SA.Ml'KI. KAN'rON, of St. Thomas, Out., was horn In the rowiiship of O.irlinjfton, County of niirham. Out., .March i8, 1841). His parents were John Ranton and Jane Kn^lish, both from the north of Irt-land. He w.'is educiti-d at the public schools in llu- Township of Biddulph, County of Middlesex, and by private study. He taught public school for sevt-r.'il years. He edited and pub- lished "'"he Cru- sade," a lemper- anct- monthly. In 1881 J. .After doiiift a variety of news- paper work he be- came city editor and reporler of the "Si. Thomas Daily TiTnt-s"from March, i8<)o, to July, 1895. He has been suc- cessively :i member of the British Amer- ican Ordt-r of CI. T. ( joining at sixteen), the I'liiled Temperaiu-e .Association, and the K. T. of T. He has ;ilso heen a '*.Son'" aiul a Ci. T. He was (inind Secy, of tlu- B. A. O. 11. T. In 1871;; Secy, of the Provincial I.odffe, I'. T. A., 1879 to 188^; was from i8gi to i8<)6 continuously, .Secy, of KItfin District Council, R. T. of T., and Is now District Councilor; w,is a repre- seiil.'itive to Gd. Council In i8()5 and i8c)6, and a represent.'illve to the Ooin. Council in 1896. He has spoken frequently on tempt-rance ,iiid Prohibition. He is piilitically ;in Independent Conservative, with strong Prohibition tendencies. He has been a Methodist local preacher for some years. He was married in 1879 to Emily A. Lcitch, and has four sons and three daughters. HROHIBITION I,EAr)KRS, 107 ARTHIR WASIIIURN. ..1 Ncwlnn C ••nl.i, Mas.., wa- ll-.IIA I). IIOKNKK « 1, Ihiui 111 K.iiti.l.l, in Malla- I. o., burn III Ihf liiwii (il Miililli'lMiiti, Mnno., iVi, in, iK«i«). I|i« lallii-r, Inwa, t'ri. j \, iH-i), miii wliii li li>«ii slif Im-- .ilwaN- livnl. Ili-r Hiram Waolilnini, l>^iii'iii-.. l>li\i'r ami ^ anil II i » iimlluT, __ . Naiu \ IIuhut, air llaniiali W. \Vi'«- [ of N.-w KiiKlantl lt>ii, wfrr nalivt'M til I III* saiiii' plaiT. Mis lalla-l llavitix passfil away w'u'ii in- was bill ^ yrars iilil, his i-arly yoars aiij his tirst yrar til Iraiiiiii^ «iMi' >|i«-iil with his II t' 1 1> , nuiti Wtsit.n, n. I).. Ilit'ii I'i'til. al MadistMi I'liivi'rs- iiy. His iim If liv- ing wlii'M hf was 111 yt'ars tiki lu' rt'- Iui'iuhI a^aiii tti his n'lali\i's ill Miilillf- 1)11111, antl lu* alstt livt'tl ItM' stunt* liiiit* Willi his iiitilluT in llalilax, Mass. lit* siiulit'tl with Kt*v. II. \V. Ciilliii, ,il W'tiM'fstt'r Afatl- finv, I'lyiiititilli, tor .-I tinif, until ('iti't't*tl It) If.iM* li\ ill hiiillh. Ill* is .111 .n inf iiifiiilu'r 111 till* MaplisI t'hiirih and ilrt*|)ly inli*ri*sii*tl in all li'in|>t*ianii* wurU. Hi* has alw.iys vtilt*il fur I'rtiliihilitin anil aiili-tl in ovriy ptissihli* way. Hi* stitiii al'li*r his firsi vult* tii*ffaii wriliiiK H'r 'In* pivss, and atl':it-|i*d stiiiii* alit*iilion hv his arlitli*s. .Al'li'r his rt'intival lu Nowliiii t\*ntt*r III* was ilitis, n Chaplain ul' iht* Stnis til Ti'in- pt*raiui*. Stitin .■irtt*r In* was piililitly iiisi,illt*il as Wtiilhy I'.ilriari'h. His ,iiin has alwiiys hi't'ii Iti liultl up a slrtinjf pun* inanhtHHl as tilt* I'liii't' tiling l» .main, ^\i• has si*rvi*tl in varimis tirKanizatitms, antl slrivi-n in tillirr ways tt) pruniult* lt*mpt*ianit* work. Hi* has for sonu* tiini* ht*t*n inon* or lt*ss .uiivfly i*ii>f.iKt*tl In niission.'irv work. ant't*slry, I'oiiiin^ in i*aily t' hililhotitl fi oiii llii'ir nai 1 vt* i:.i'ti*rn Malts Iti I.1W.I. lit* irlv * ihit'.ilion was t>b- I iini'il in lilt* t i>iin- II \ st'liotil. C'tini- plfliii^ tli.it t'oursi* ol siutli shf atlt'iitl- I tl tlif DfXIfr .\or- 111. il Stiiool, al'ti*r uliit h shf attfiulfd ihf HiKlil.iiiil r.irk N o I ma I I' ol It-^t* , I >«'s .Mtiiiifs, l;i., .1 nil t hf II 1 tiok a I tiursf al till* low.'i S I a t f .\ o r III a 1 Sthoul. Shf is of yiiaki*r pari'iitaKf, ha \ i iiff a ** hirth- 1 i^lit nif iiihf {ship " in lli.'it I huri-li. Till* prini-iplfs iif tilt* "— I'rohiliilioii I' .1 It y Wfii' i III p r f s SI* d di*fply upon lifr iiiiiid as slu* ifail with iiitri'asin^^ iiitfrfst fiuh sui-i'i*ssi\t' f.'iinp.'iifi'ii ii)^aiiist lilt* litpior Ir.-illif siiu-f slu* w.'is Ifii yi*;iis of a^;f . Hfi* If iiipi*raiii't* wiirk lu'^an in iStj,:, as slu* was a fhartfi iiit*nilifr of Ihf U. t I', l'. whith w.is or^ani/ftl at that linn* ill Kftlliflil. Shf hft-.-tiii'' Sffrt'taiA- M' llu- l.tif.-tl riiioii in iHi)4, antl till* lollowiii^,*- Vfar wa. iliosin Sttrftary ol llu* Distriit ill whith slu* hflon^'s. Al llu* t;flist. .Shf was not ilisobt*difnt to thf hfavfiily foininissioii, but fiitfrfd upon this ministry with l.ois I.. Smith in what provfd a Vfry dflinhtfiil and sufifssfiil fomradfship until t he dfffase of the latlfr in iSi)v Sinif llu'ii shf has fonlinufd her ministry of evanffflisni anuui^: tlu* fhiirflies and llu* W". C T. V. as a joyful messenfffr of the Kin^. lifr work has resultfd in laixe iiu'rease of spiritual life and zeal amoi))^ the churfhfs, .md in increased strenjjth and vijfor to the \V. C. T. L'nions ainon^ which she has labored. She preaches full salvation and entire Prohibition. Ki:\'. JAMES C. HOGA.N' w.is born in .Nfw W.rk city, .\u>f. 17, iKIii. His fatlifr. Win. II. llo^:(ii. .'tiut inothfr, Ann lluntfr, I'.inif from Kii^'land to \fw ^'ork in iHst), subsfiiiifntly sftlli.ii; in I'fiinsyi- vani.i. I If joined Ihf Wvomiiiff Cor, ■ fe re II ce of 1 lie .Mflhodist Kpisco- pal t'hurch .11 1HH7. Ill* W.IS ftluc.itfd in till* public schools, antl complftftl tin* C'oiiff ri*ii Cf live years' llifolojric.il c o u r s I* . 1 11 1 1 n Vfars lif bfciiiif thf most widfly known prf.iclu*r in I h f C'onff rt*ncf . Hf W.IS marrifil in 1HS7 i.) .Miss Abbie S. 1 Milkner, of H;i lit ock , .\. \'., .ind has four chil- li r t* 11 . II e h .1 s alw;.y. voted with I li I I'rohibi lion I'.irty. In 1894 iHi),S he was iisso- ciatt* filitor of thf "Pennsylvania Methodist. " Less than ,^5 yi-ars of ajjf, he has rendered jjieat service to tin* t.iiisf of ifforin. .Many of his sfr- uions .tnil spi-fclifs have bffii widfly publislu*d, notably, "Muzzle ^'our Ooifs To-n.i\ , and his j^ival spofcli, "If Christ Came to the I'liiiiches. " .\l the Wyomini; Ctuiff ifiicc , iHt)^, his advanced .'iiitl cour.'ijrfous .'ittituilf, .-mil his aildivss to Hisliop Andrews on Prohibition tlot trim* in tin* .Mflhodist Church, attracted national attention. Since then lu* has chosen to be a "preacht*r-at-larife," believinjj th.it "the S.1I0011 can lie vf r bf licf iisf d without sin, " and that morality applifil lo soci.il, economic, and industri.il issues, is universally and eternally riffht. \r :t io8 PROHIBITION LEADERS. RKV. CI.ARKNCE T. WILSON, A.B., son of Rov. John A. H. Wilson iiiul Mary Ji-ftVison Wilson, w.ts born in Milton, ^us- sfx Co., Di'i., .April J4, 1S7J. Ill' is the ninth fjiMU'ralion of I hi- t'a ni i 1 y born within twi'lvo milt's of the old hon\e- slead. Mr. Wilson was converted, and joined theehuieh of his ehoiee in the aristoer.'it ii" old town of I'rineess Anne, Md., .it the afjeof 1 1 years. His first sermon wjis preached <'il the f on e o rd Camp meetinjc, in Cart)- line County, Md., before he wa.s 16, .md created a deep impression. Soiin he was stationed at Rising Sim, Del., ;ind hail ^reat suc- cess, thoii^b doiiiff double work - of a pastoral charge and keepin^f up a course of academic ceived his education at St. John's Colleffe, .\n- s admitted lo the Wilminjflon Conference (M. K.) years old ; was Secretary of the Oelasvare State lee of the Prohibition Party, .and stumped the studies. napoli^ befoii' Central State foi East Coiife KIder by Bishop Fowler - the youn>jesl man ever ordained in the Methodist Church. He was stationed at Rising; .Sun, at .Seaford, Del., and at Sea Cliff, .\. V. Kvery where vifforous temperance work was done and success achieved. He is spoken of by N. V. papers as ** The Southern Siimmerfield." Resides in Los .Aiijjeles, Cal, In iH()2 he was transferred to the .New York ice, and ordained Deaco 1 by Hisliop Newman, and MRS. KLIZA lUCKLEV INC.ALLS was born in Si. Louis Co., .Missouri. Her f/ilher, an Kii);lishm,in, came lo ihis country in his yi>ulh. He m.'irrieil Jaiu' !^oyle in Philadelphia, and removeil li> a farm in St. Louis County, where three boys .ind the subject of our sketch were born. The com- panion Ky\' her broth- ers, she ^rew lo womanhood Widi- oul feeling any dif- fei\*nce because of sex, and has .ilways b c e n .'I s I :i u n c h et]iial sulVr;i jf isl . When only 14 years of ;ij^e she joined I he I. O. G. T., and has since bee n deeply inleresled in temper.'ince wi*rk. She believes in the p r i> h i b i t i o n o f liiHH>r, tobacco iiiul opium IralVu's. .Slu' w;is the Secv. of the first W. C." T. U. organized in St. Louis, and has always been ;in active member. For ye.irs she was head of the Narcotic Depl. in Ihe Natioii.il W. C. T. L'., and President of Ihe Si. Louis L'nion, also Chairman of Ihe Finance Commillee of Ihe .Missouri W. C. T. V . In iHHo she became ihe wite ot K. H. In^alls, a successful merch.int and devoted husband, who is in full sympathy willi her work, .md gives liber.il financial aid. The bt>aiilifiil home over which this woman presides is always open to all good causes, and the unioiiunale is sure to receive a welcome and siibstanli.il help. Having no children, she has given lime and mi>ney freely for Ihe furlherance of all charitable work. N li MISS EL1ZABF:TH UPHAM YATES, one of the most attractive .ind pleasing of that vast army of orators inspired and led lo Ihe front bv [ - Ihe W. C. T. v. movement, is a native of Maine and a graduate of the Boston School of Expression, of the principles of which she may be juslly regarded as a living exponent. F'or her present ;''.atform wi>i'k in connection with Ihe Franchise Dept. as Nat. Lec- turer, Miss Yates b.'is h.'id years ot diligent training, study and travel. She spent several years in Chin;i, .md has given t o the world a most » phii" descriplicii ot C>riental life i i her inleresling bm^k entitled '■ '.'.ipses into Chinese Homes." She is deeply interested in all reforms, but gives especial atter.lion to those bearing on wontan's interests in the home, school, society and Church. She is keenly alive to the progress of women in all lands, but speaks and labors with especial interest in all depart- ments of woman's work for total abstinence, equal suffrage and Prohibition. As a speaker she excels in m.my ways, having a filje clear and pleasant voice, distinct enunciation and natural manner, and is deservedly popular. She was appointed delegate from Maine to the World's Women's Christian Temperance Union in London in 1895. She was a prominent speaker and worker at the National Women's Christian Te iperance Union at Baltimore in October last. REV. BURTON G. ROCKWOOD, President and founder of the .Nalional Junior Priihibilion League, w;is born at Brasher Falls, N. Y., June ,1, i«72. His father, Harvey A. Rock- w o o d , a n il his mi>ther, .Ameli.'i M. Lang, were of Hi'ii^- lish descent. .\i the age of 1 7 young Rock wood entered Ihe school-leaching profession at Rut- l.'ind, Illinois, ,-ind t.iught three con- seinitive terms of school, one at Rut- l.'iiul, III., one at Lee. Ind., and an- other ne;ir Monli- \ello, Ind. His edu- cation wa;. received at Purdue l^iivers- ily and the North- ern Indiana Normal School. During his sclu>ol life young Rock wood devel- i>peil his oratorical ability, and in the campaign of 1892 made himself fell in behalf of Ihe Prohibilion Parly, and was elected President of the Indian.t Junior Prohibilion Leagues. In iSi)^ he was admitted lo the minislry of the .M. K. Church, and accepted a charge in the Ni»rth-Wesl Indiana Conference. .After four months' labor in Ihis field he tendered his resignalion lo again go on Ihe slump in behalf of Ihe Prohibilion P.iily. In March, .1H94, he con- ceived the ide.i of a .National Junior Prohibition League, and at Ihe Indiana Junior Prohibition Convenlion perfected that organiza- tion. Since then he h.'is been in the fieltl all Ihe lime, ami has suc- ceeded in enlisting over 15,000 young people in behalf of the Pro- hibition Party in eighteen Slates. He is a thrilling speaker, and has received the title of "The Younjf John B. Goiigh of America. " PROHIBITION LEADERS. 109 WILLIAM KI.KIM.E, TicaMircr of" the Exei-utive Commil- tee, Prohibition Party, Slate of Maryland, was born In Baltimore, May 27lh, 1H45, his parents i' o ni i n jf fr o in G e r ni a n y early in Hie. He only received a eoninion school edmalion.iind eoni- ineiieeil his business lite when 14 years old. lie is in the firm ot' Rennons, K I e i n 1 e *: Co., brush niatuifaetur- ers, whii'h is one of* the larj^-esl and most prti^ressi ve concerns of the kind in the comitry. While inherilin^f the neinocralic faith he lu'.'irly always s c r a I c h e d this lickel, and his teni- jii'rance proi'livilies wer'e so stronjf that shortly after his majority he, with others in his w:ird, put up a temper- ance candidate (who c.iine wilhin a lew voles of beinjf elected) lon^f before the I'rohibilion Party was in the liekl. He nalurally look his place in the I'rohibilion Parly ;il llie HrsI opporluiiilv, which was durinif the campai);n of Si. John ami Daniel. He is a vestryman of Ihe Proleslanl Episcopal Church, .iiul belonjjs to various charitable, hum.inil.irian and reli^jious societies. He was one of Ihe oriffinal directors ol the famous Cllydon P.irk Camp, and its Tre.isurer fora number of ye.irs. He w.is President of Ihe "Issue " and Ihe .Morris I'rinlinj^ Coinp.inv, which published the ".Atlvoc.'ile." He h,-is been nomm.'iled U) \;irious offices by the Prohibition Party, amonj; which was Ihe mayoralty of his city — B.iltimore. JOHN S. K. PENTELOW, Grand Secretary of the .Son.s of Temperance of Western New Yoik, was born in Norlhanipton- shire, Kiif;., June 16, |H!;9, and lemoved 10 New \mk Slate when i»nl\' 9 years old. He early he- I'jime interested in temperance and temperance sticie- lies, and joined the St»ns of Temper- ance at 17, and has i'onliiuieil his eon- neclion with the Order unbroken to the present lime. He has or^.inized a ifoodly number ol Divisions of the S. of T. He was elect- etl Grand Scribe in i8qj, ;ind re-elected in 1K94 ,'ind 1K95. In 1 S 9 5 he w .1 s cii'cled Secrelary of Ihe I'lvon Temper- ance CiMnmiitee of Buffalo, where he resides. This or- };a nidation em- braces the most ai'ti\'e workers ol ltul}'aU>, out of all the tirtlers, and by its broad basis of opeialioiis, and Ihe zeal and ener>;v which char.'iclerizes its membership, h.'is bet-ome ;i ptiwer for the promotion of temperance ami Prohibilitin prim-'ples. It has, perhaps it is safe to say, more political sif;nilicance and influence than all the secret orjjanizalions combined. Throujfh this organ- ization Mr. Pentelow is exerlinj.j a wiilc and benefit'ent influence. He is an active member of Ihe Indepeiulenl Order of Odilfellows. He belonjfs to and actively serves the Melhodist Episcopal Church, but his life-work is to further the temperance cause in every way that he finds possible, both by votinx^ and speaking in its behalf. GREEN CI..\Y SMITH, ihe second Presidential candidate of the Prohibition Party, was born in Richmond, Ky., July jiid, 1.S3J. He attended school in Richmond, I hen Center Collejje in Danville, Ky., until his i^lh year, when he volun- teered in Capl. J.ames Stone's com- pany of Cavalry, Col. Hii m phrey Marshall's re^^i- ment, aiul si*rved in the Mexican war one year. On his return he inlered Transylvania I'ni- versity, I.exinfflon, ami .ifler >;radual- inif took Ihe law course in Ihe same inslilution in two yi'iirs. He prat"- liced with his father for sever.-xl years in Richmonil, Ky. He w;is married to Miss Lena Duke, daun'hter of James K. Duke. He re- moved to Coviiiffton, Ky., and entered on his profession with >freat success, beinjf elected to Ihe I.eKislalure just at the be);in- nintf of the civil troubles. He served in the I'nion .Army and was ni.ide Bri)4:adier-General under Gen. Rosecr.inz. He was elected to Conff ress while in ihe Held in 1K64, and look his seal December 1st, 1864J was elected to Ihe .w'h Congress, and after his term wjis appointed Governor of Monlana. Returning- to Kentucky he entered Ihe ministry of the Bapti:>! Church, and served the Metro- politan Baptist Church, Washington, b. C, until his death, June iglh, lokj'; Alwavs ■' strong temperance man, be was elected Chief of S. of T. ■ml I. O. G. T. in his native State. In 1H76 he was unanimously noiclnated for President by the Prohlblt'n Party. REV. ALONZO A. MINER, a prominent reformer and divine, son of Benajah Ames and Amanda (Carev) Miner, was born Aug. 17, 1H14, in Lempsler, N. H., .ind died in Boston, June 151 h, 1H95. Krom his lOlh to his -'olh year he langht in schools, ,ind was ;i s s o c i ;i I e tl with j a 111 e s Garvin, '^M 3.S. i" the joint c o 11 . work tor llio l'art\ , iu-iiijj a lon-ibli' anil loininrin^: spoakor. Ho inarrii Pino Cily, N. \"., in iHjj, anil lluy li boys and two >fi''^- \'iow, N. J., was born in Jo is llio son of ox-SlioritV Mowoll, iif l''linir'a. li is mot 111' I" was Mariah K. llowoll, of Millport, N. Y. Ill' roii'ivfd a I'om- nion si'liool t'llni'a- tion ami unitt'd with I III- lli'ddinK M. K. (.'Iiurili, bnl al'lor- warils lii'lpi'il to orj^anizo I hi' Pros- bytorian C'lmroh ot' l.ako \'iow. Ho volt'd for Ilayi's in 187(1, anil for ("i;u- liold in i.SSo, .ind wIu'h till' Ui'pnbli- lan Party Inrnoil ai^ainst tin' lionu's of tho r. S. in 1.SS4 in f:i \ o r of t b o saloon, bo i-anio iint for tho Piohibilion Party. W'.'ts a ili-li'- !.;.ilo lo llio N.it. Con. .al Pi' sbmx, boarintr .1 spoiial nioss,'ii;i' from John P. .Si. John, .and . bi'i'ii a promini'iit worki'r I., now Pi'otoi-tor of P.-ir- Joppa l-od^'i'. No. -'i), I". A: L'oni. oi C'lii'iiuniy Co. tivi- iiinisi, t'a\ orini,;" iliroi'l lo>^is- , tolt'i;raphs, I'ti-., ;inil I'll- Hi' was Pri>bibiiion oaiiili- in iSi>4, ,a.Hl has tloiu* ^■ootl uritor ;inil .. I'li'.ar, loj^ioid 'il Miss Curio K. IVlors, of avi' .'1 li.appv fainilv of livo MRS. I.. A. I. THAYER was born Oct. ,v 1848, in Craw- foril Co., Pa., hor fatlior boinj; Jamos R. Irons, of Jersoy-Dutch di'si'i'iit, ,'intl hor m o I ho r , R a o ho I Bi'ooks, a sobool IciU'ber of Kn^lish dosi'ont. Sho jjrow up on tho farm and ri'i'oivod hor odiioji- tion in tbo public s h o o I s il n il i n I.iiu'svillo school. She was marrii'd to Charles K. Thayer, .\uh:. Il), 1867, and sottlod in l.inosvillo, aftorw.'irds romov- i n jf to Shorm.ans- villo, whore she or- >;anizi'il and active- 1\" sustaineii .a W*. C.T.C. and a Band of H o p e , which ch.in>;ed the moral tone of the place. Removing lo .Atl.an- lic, her present home, she was in- strumental in or- );anl/.in>; another \V. C. T. v., which has had a successful I'ai'i'i'r. .\l till' W. C.T.I'. C'omention for Crawford County, in iHi)^, she was chosen Siipl. of HyjjieMO and Ilereilily. In this work she li.'is met with mai-ki'il siu'cess. Mrs. Thavi'r is a strong hi'lio\er in pure ;iir .anil sunshiiii' anil pure water, ,anil has found in her home m.'ina^ement no need for tirujfs or alcoholics. She looks forward to the d.av when a better uiulerst.andinjj of the laws of nature will prevent most of the jihysical tliseases ot to-ilay, or assist in their spei'ily reniov.al by n.atur.al re- medies within the reach of all. She has a family of ten bi'altby I'hildren — her two ilau^hters bein^ prize-winners in the nemoresi medal contests. I r! ' I- ! C.KRTRinK M. SINOI.KTON is the dauKl.ier of C.ov. Beriali Mai;olVm, of Kentucky, and Aniii Shell',, the jfiand- 'l.iuj^hter of tlii' first anil sixth ;anized, .mil its town, " ILirrim.in" with its I'emp. I'ni versify, is j^^.iininjf ^fioinid. .Mrs. Sintfletoii h.is been a promineiit'W. C.T.I', worker, h.iviiiff filled Local, County .iiid Hisli id' Presidencies, and was for .1 time .N.itional .Superinlemlent of Temp. 'Hospital Work. Sho also did much campai>;ii work with her husband in Indian.'i and Illinois, securin^c Prohibition in their own county and "the best scientific lemperance instruction in their district to be found in Illinois at the time. CHARLES F. MERRILL was born in Rockville, Conn., Juno 15, 1H52. He is the son of the Rev. Charles .\. and Sarah A. Merrill, .anil inherits his love for teniper- a n CO f r o m h i s father. Mr. Mer- rill jjraduated at W'esli'yan I'niver] s i I y , .M i d d 1 e t o n , Conn., in 1H74, B..A. anil .M..\. He was for se\enlei'n vears Principal of Hijfh Schools and Supt. of Schools in Mass., Conn., N. A',, and N. J., ;ind Slate In- stitute Lei'turerand Coiufuclor. He is a prominent Mason anil member of the Sons of X'eterans. In 18(17 '"■ .joined the Good Templars aiul was the Cirand Couni'ilor of the Ci r a n d Lodge of M.ass.and is a mem- ber of the Interna- tional Sup. Lodge of that Order. He is also a P.G.W.T. of the Gr.ind Temple of Honor and rem|H'rance of Conn., and is now the Ciranil Chief of the Grand Council of Select Templars of th.it'Sf.ite. He was the first Templar to be the presiding officer of the ihree Grand bodies of lb.it Order at the same time. He is a nu'inlier of the Supremo Council of that Order. Mr. Merrill stands anumg the most eloquent advocates in the ranks of Templars to- dav, having advocated the annihilalion of the liquor traffic in all Ihe'leading cities of New England. He has more calls than his'time will allow him to accept. He is an Episcopalian. Mr. Merrill^is married, and has a family of seven children, four girls and three young temperance orators. PROHIBITION LEADERS. Ill RKV. TllllMAS HONK was bom in Siollniid, Jan. i, 1815, ami t-anii' 10 L'aiiada Oil. S, 1H52. Hi" put lii>. lianil lo llu> Icin- prianii" plough in N'ovi'inbiT, 1839, anil lias never taken it off. On May .'4, 1868, he oiitereil on mission \vi>i'k i>rthe I' p p e r C a n a d a Trait Soiiety on the W'elland Canal, and has been thus en- framed ever since. In i"i>nt;iei most of I h e y e a r wit h sailors, Mr. Hone has had the oppor- tunity i>(' witness- inj;, as have but tew others, the havoc wfouffht by drink anion}^ the brave l.uls who lace un- II i n c h i n>; I y t he an>;ry deep, but are too often and too easily led into the whirlpool of iiiteni- per.'oice. Mis best liays h.'ive been ffiven lo their evan- ffeliz.ition, \isitinm the boats as they pass throuffh the can.il, privately inlerviewiiiff the captains and sailors, holding wherever opportunitv is jjiven gospel nieelin>;s, and beinj,'^ instriunental, in hundreds of cases, in leading; men who h.ive lew spiritual adv.iiita>;es and m.iny temp- tations to .1 life i.i( total .ibsliiuMue .iiiil of faith upon the Son of God. Mr. Hone holds very strong convictions on the subject of Prohibition, believing tli.il the man who signs a petition foi license or supports a I'.irty favoring the license svstein, becomes thereby responsible for the inevit.ible results of the tralVic. The distributii>n o( ti*;icts on tiMuperjince atul religii>n forms a very important p.irt of his work. AMBROSE K. GROW was born December 21st, 1825, at Clyde, Wayne Co., .\.Y., his lather, Klias Grow, being a native of Vermont, and his mother, Mulday 1 Dryer, of .Massa- chusetts. He was eilucateil in the common scboi>ls of Illinois and New York, and at the Clyde New Wnk .Ac.uleniy. He was m.'irricil to .Amanda !•'. Wisiner at Be- loit. Wise, Nov. Kill, 1S54. He was forniei'l\- a member of the Congrega- tional C'burch, but withdrew in iSi)2 by r I' <'i s o n i> f t h e C'huri'irs :ittitiide on the liiptoi* tpies- lion. He was .'in Abolitionist, then .'i l-'reesoiler, then a Kepublicin up to 1-84, and then a Pi'oliibitionist — an I evolution through ■ — which in.iiiy others have passed. He has been the Prohibition Party candidate for several oflices. He commenced writing for the temperance cause in 1846 through "The Old O.iken Bucket, published in Wisconsin. He has written a Large number of lol.il .ibstinence anil Prohibition articles which have appeared in the Prohibition press- including a number of beautiful poems, .\inong his best poems may be mentioned "Mount Kainiei " ,iiul "The Angels Mission King .Alcohol Dethroned." Mr. Grow is a I'lcar, ini'isivc anil elfi'i'tivc wi'iter, and has chosen .ind well occupied this lield of temperance work in prefereni'e to the platt"i>rm, on whii'h he h;is selilom appeared. He is ,'i man ot' strong convictions in ivg.'ird to C'hristi.'in duty. of rls WTLLl.AM CO.ATES, watchmaker, jeweler and opiici.m, of Brockville, Onl., was born near the historic old "blue church" of Barbara Heck fame, three miles west of Preseott, Ont., July ->!, 1834. His parents were Thomas and Eliza- beth Coates. He was eiluc.ated in the public schools of that locality, and brought up in the iMelhodist faith, and in Reform prin- ciples in politics. He h.'is bi»en identi- fied nearly all his lifetime with tem- perance organiza- tiiins, h.aving oc- cupieil nearl}' ever)' ortice in comiectii>n with the Division in the Sons of Temper- ance, and almost every office, includ- ing the highest, in the Lodge of 1. O. G. T. Mr.'Ciwtes is widely known and highly respected for his utiflinching temperance principles throughout Eastern Ontario, anil in his owit town enjoys the con- fidence of all classes of the conmumity. He is one of the very few temperiince men who are willing to so antagonize the liquor interests as ti> suffer in business tor his principles. His work for the advancement of temperance and Prohibition principles has been of an unobtrusive character, yet very pr.ictical, persistent and successful. His influence has been felt in his own community through the Large number i>f publii" meetings he has organiz'..'!, the vast amount of temperaiue literature he has circulated, the rigid and fearless enforcement of law, and in other equally practical ways. COL. ROSWELL S. CHK\'KS was born on a cotton planta- tion in Crawford Co., Ga., I'Vb. .>,^, 1844. He entered the Con- tt'ilerate service in 1H61, and was a prisoner of war at Point L i> o k o u t , M il . , w h e n Lee surrentlered. He moveil to Kentucky in 1866, and for twenty years taught school .'tnil prac- tise il la w. H e owni'il anil etlited the .Mt. Sterling " Democrat" for many years. In 1880 he was elected G. C. T. of theLO. G. T., and served in that office six years. I'or twelve ye.ars he was regii- l.irly elected repre- sentative to the R. \V. Grand Lodge. In 1880 he became .1 convert to the Pri>hibition Parly; attended the Con- ference in Chicago in 1882 that re-organized the P.irty, and has been since that d;ite an active worker anil party org.mizer in many Northern and Southern .States. He h.is done much elTective work in the cam- paigns for constitutional amendments in Maine, Ohio, Tennessee, New Hampshire, .Massachusetts, Connecticut and Peimsvlvania. He aide.' ■" org.inizing the party in Kentucky anil other States, and participated in all the National campaigns. He was Prohi- bition Party candidate for Congress in 181)4 ''"'" 'I'e KirsI District of Teimessee. In 1887 he removed to New York city. Under his management Prohibition Park became a prosperous enterprise. In 1S69 he joined the Christian denomination, and is an Elder In the church in Unicoi, Tenn., where he now lives. A. i 1 WMlff^ ^'^^'^ (WCT ^- ^'^ mU^ I m ^^ ^^^^^^^^B^n^HuKr^^^r ^ ji — Wfc,'-i>. ^1 ^^HRBH^M^IA i-^^ji^-. . PROHIUITION LEADERS. Ll'MEN BENSON SEARI.E w.isIh.ih Ni.v. jo, iH,v), in Pi-l.i- wari- Co., N. ^'. Mis I'atlu'f, l.iiiiu'n SfaiU-, was ol" New KiikI.'iiuI lit'si-i'Mt, .'iiul Ir'.-ifi'il lii> H^i'iu-a !,')■ b.nk 111 John (Sir Eaili-|. ill I 111' vfi)i\\ ol KiiiK John ol Kn^'l.iml. His niothiT, Susan- na Hiiddi'ii, w.is of English .'iiiil llol- l.inil DiiU'h ili'sri'iil. I'aIiumIi'iI al Kox- Iniiy .\i;uli'niy, lu' lH->f.uiii-.uhin>f ill i() ill Illinois; was Prol". of M.ilhiMii.uiis in lliiii V Slii'i'l tnaiii- iiiar Siliool. \i'« York City, l'riiui|i.il of I'lililii- Si'liools ill r.ilo, 111., anil rliisfil IwiMilx-fivi' yi'.'irs oi li-.iihiiij;' wilh .1 livi'- \i';ir li'riii in V.*li;i(- i.'inooi^.'i, TiMin. A niiMiihi'r ot till' Pii's- li\U'ri.'iii C li n ri' li , 111- ilaiins to havo iii'MM' bi'Ion^i'il to .'iiiv pi>litir;il p;irty. hut that till' Ri'puh- Itoan I'arly, boforo tin- fall, in tlu' ilays of (.In-fly anil l.in- I'oln, bt-Ioni^i-il to him. .\hv;i\s iiuli-pi-iuii'iil, liowi-vi'r, in politii's, ho joiiu'il till- Pioliihition I'.irty in \SH-. In 1HW8 ho ropri-si-uloil I''isk anil Hrooks on tlu- i-lt-i-tor.ati- tioki-t, ami iii;uli- his tirst spooolii-s for 'li.il parly. Ho was C'hairni.in of tlu- Tliiril t'oii- jfit-ssion.il nistriot in i.*rki'r, hi- is tlu- aiitluir of many iharls ,iikI <.li-sij;iis to ilhistialt- ami inipross tlio truth. His laii-st, "Tlu- W.ivs ol l.ifo ami IVatli," is oiu- of iho bi-st pii'torial ri-prt-si-iitations ot' inti-nipi-r;im'i- oxiaiit. RE\'. I). lA'C.X.S HL'FK, loi-turor ami prt-aiher for over forty yoars in Canada and llie United StateN, is of Diitih .incostry on his fathi-r s side, and of I1uli'h-En>{- lish on his iiiothi-r'N siili-. His fa til I- r, Paul HutT, w.is the i-Iili-si siin of Solo- mon Hurt", of Hurt's I s 1 .1 n d , B a y o f tjiiinlo, on whose larm wiis erected the tirst Methodist C'luireh ill Can.'ula. He si^iieil his tirst ti-mpi-r.ini'e pledjje at I), and has t^-p* it saeredly over 50 years. At 17 he liei'amt- a S. of T. in olil Ketu^i- Oivis- i o n , .\ ii. J I .s , .'it l'"lori'ni'e, Out. He ^(■aNe his tirst tem- peraiu'e atltlress at I.ouisville, Out., he- loie he was 18. Me was .'U om- lime ,'in iietive orj^anizer with tlu- British Amerieaii Oriler of Ciooil Teniplars, .ilso with the I. O. C",. T. and the S. of T., hav- ing' org.ini/eil sever.il hundreds of lod>;es and divisions. He has ii-i'turi'il i-xteiisi\ely in Mii'hi^.'in, l*enns\'l\ani;i, Ni-w ^'ork, ami oilier St.ites, and has lii-en a Third I'arly I'roliihitioiiisi twenty yi-;irs. Hi- i-nti'ri'il tlii' r'i'j;;ul.-ir iiiiiiislr\' of tlii' \Vesli-y:in Mi-thod- isl Iniily in iShi, .■iiid tr.ivelleil until iS(i4, when, Ihrou^fh loss ol voii'e, hi' ^a\i- up tin- work. Ila\lii4; ri-i'ovt-ri-il his viiiee, lie has now t'ov ni.'inv \'i-,'irs hei-ii lioklin^' (iospi-l 'ri-niperanei- nu-i-t- iiii^s of .'I lii^'hU- interi-stin^ .'inil inslnu'ti\i- i-h;ir.ii'ti-r, .assisted by his two il.uii;liters. Misses .Maud \'. and Winnilred. He is an exiellenl pUtform speaker and an inuompiomisiiijj Pro- hibitionist. 1 I'KOK. JA.MKS WH.BEK H01.l'i>N, son^ evangelist, was born .April jist, 1854, .11 Hi-lleviie, C>hio. His p.irenls, J. II. 1 1 oil on ,1 n il Ke- bi-i'i'.'i l^i'boul , wi-re i;r;iihi;ili-s of C^bi-r- lin. ICiluiaU'd in C)bi-rliii (.'olli'j^'i- ami Consi-r\:ilor\' of .Musii' ; also the I'ni- \i-isil\- ot" Mii'hii^'.'iii anil Atlanta Medi- I'.'il Colli-Ki'. .yiatlu- .-iliiiy; t'roni tlu- lalti-r in i.SSo, wimiinji" a |iri/i- i;"olil nu-ilal. .\baiuloniii>j niedi- liiie for imisie, he bi-^aii teaehiii^c in l.ili'lilielil, Minn., in iH.S^. Sui'i-essfully lilli-il till' positions of nirerlor of .Musie in A III i I v C"ollei^e, low.i, in i,SS(>; Con- I'oril Slate N'ornual Si'liool. W". \'a., ill iKi)i , .'iiul .Xnierli'.an 'rempi-r.'i n I'l- L'ni- versit\, H.'irriiuan, Tenn. , in 1 Ki) ^. \\';is loi'.'d i-ililor of "The Exponent, " Prohibilloii paper at Oberlin, Ohio, in i.*<.SH ,uid i88q. Is widely known as a Prohibition and irospel sinufer and eoniposer, many of his best solos heiiijf written by himself. Was leader of the ("i.ite City Oiiarlet, wliieli aeeonin.inied Dr. John A. Brooks through Nebrask.i in 1.S87. Keni.iiniiiij there, he sans with the most prominent Prohibition speakers in the State, ke- turiiiii); to Ohio in |8H,S he ortf.inized the Fisk Quartet, .iiul later the ladies' White Rose (Juartet. In i8i)0 he was on I. K. B. Arnold's KloaliivirCli:ipi-l, iloin^ yfospel work .'ilonj.r the Ohio ri\er. Is now enj;a],;ed with the well-known Clarion Combination as Musieal Pireetor anil .Soloist. Was married in i8gi to .Mice H. Reiu-k, and has one daughter. He resides in Oberlin, Ohio. JOHN C.. ZOOK, Seirelary of the Prohibition P.arty of l.aii- I'aster County, Penn., and a member of the Stale Exeeutive Com- mit ti-i-, was born on a t"arm in M.'in- be 111 i Tow iish ip, Lane.'isler C"o., Pa., of Cii-rni.'in parents, ami tr;ii'es his p;ir- eiita^e to Switzer- lanil ;iiul Cn-riiiaii', . His father's n.'inie w:is John, :iiiil his niotlier w.is a C.ilh- .'irine lieib. H i- .'itteiuleil the I'oin- nion sell 00 1, and .'ifterwarils ^railu- aled at the .Millers- ville Normal .Seliool in 1S75, ami taught sehool six \'ears. In 1879, ill eonnee- tion with E. Z. Ernst, his brother- i n-1 a w, 11 o w o ( Olatlie, Kansas, he e o m 111 e n e e d t li e publii'at iiin of a iiter.'iry jourii.-il called the "Sun- beam," at Lititz. In 18S1 Ibis was ehanjfed into "The I.ititz Express, ' a weekly, wliii'h he still publishes. He eoiiduels .'i book and stationery store with a eyele department. Erom 1888 to iHqo he was Sehool Hiri'itor, eli-ited on the Republican ticket. Took an active part in the amendment canipaiffii; had his eyes opened on the liquor i|ueslion, and was soon known as ,1 Prohibitionist. In 1890 Lititz li.id its Hist local ticket, and Ihouffh he could have had the Repub- lican nomination for .School Pireetor he chose to jifo on the Prohi- bition ticket and be iletealed. He betjan the publication of "The Prohibitionist, " a brij;lit and able p.iper, in i8qo. He is a mem- ber of t!ie Moravi.in Church. He was -n-irried in June, 1879, to Alice Carey Wolfe, of Marietta ; lias two si ns and three daujfhteis. PROHIBITION LEADERS. H3 RKV. ArsTIN I'OTTKK, M.lhmlisi villi', Oiil., sun 111' Kiilijiril I'lillcr iiml Ann ;lv, ■ly ool art lor itz .\h- hi- he m- lo miiiKu-r at llagris- Aiislin, wa^ born in Haiibnrv, Oxl'i>ril- sliiri', Kn>;., Nov. .'dill, iH4,v Wlifti ho was .-ihoiit Iliror yoars ol' a^^o, his par'i'lUs iMliitfr.'tloil to Anu'r'ii'.i ;uul sot- llril ill Uoilu'slor, \. N'. In iH.s.ithoy I'oiiioM'cl ti>C'iinaJa, livinif first in C'o- lioinx am! Ilii'ii in l.oskani, C I a rk c I o w n sh i |i . His r.ithor's ilo.il h loll him to his own lo- souu'i's whoii still c|uili> a lad. In iHh^ li i" \- r I II r n o li t o Koiliosloi, whoro hr iMilislcil ill tho S i X I oo 11 1 li .Now N'oik Cav.ilry. Diir- ini.C ills sorvii'o ho was Iwioo promotoil lor liravi'iy, .'iiul ho- lor,- his ilisi'haij^o was l*'iis( ,Si*r^o.'iiit ol" his I." o 111 p. any. riio w.ir ovor, lio rcliiriii'il to Can.'ula. Al'lor Icaohiii); siliool liir soiiio liiiio, ho iii- li'ivil \'iiloria L'ollojfo in iShS, lo ' ■ •'■ ■ ■>■ ■•'■ - i; • was hii Hvlowi MAI<\' Ml KW SCOTT, oilitor ot llio "U'oni.nrs Journal, ' llltaw.i oity. Hor I'.ithor, .Moxaiulor Soott, w.as a biisi- iioss man wi ii will- injfly t^.ivo I' s sor- x'ii'os to tht* o iV Tor a nunilH'r of yoars as .Mtlorm.an. Mi'r niothor, .\Ust>ii Mo- K.'iy, bolon^otl to .a woii-known pionoor family. Tho sub- jocl of our ski'toh, w h o s o ohililhooil was thai of a romp- ing; K''''< ^^'**^ otbi- oatoel ill tho privalo sohools oi' Miss A. M. Harmon .and I'rof. N. ». Wob- slor, Otiaw.i, and Miss Annio .M. Mo- I II t o s h , of Unto llonso, .Mt>iilro;d. Miss Soott w:is iii- lorostoii in oliuroh .'I II d phil.anlhropio work, and in 1SS2 joinod tho \V. C. T I'., ami was jfivoii tho ollioo of I'ross Siipt. BoinK: ospecially interostod in Yonnjf Womon's Work, she was choson tiisl Snpt. of Y. \V. t". T. l". for Ontario, and aflor- warils noininion .Siipt. Slu* li.as h:nl oh.-i r^o v>f tho I.itor.atmv Do- p.'iiimont for four yo.ars, but was .aj^ain appointoil Oonilnion Snpt. of Youiifif Wonion's Work in iSi)S. Slio has boon oonnootod with tho '* Wom.an's Jonrn.al," iirj;:an of tho W. C*. T. l*. sinoo 1HS4, .and in iHSi) bouKlil it out fi 0111 its formor , Mrs. C'hisholni, now Mrs. (lion.) (iooifio K. Foslor. "Thin nail Skotohos, " pi,hlislu'il bv llio W. T. V, A. of C"hioa)JfO, says: '* Miss Soott is ; yonn^ woman of jjro.at ontorprise Jtiul special journalistio talo it, .and a Wliito Kibbon loader ol iiuioh inllu . of L^in.ad.a, proprietor, lluencu. .MRS. SARAH J. FOSTER was born in Prim elon, Illinois, M.iroli n, 1H47, tho yoiin>;est of six ohildreii, of the family of Klijali and Sylviu Cliilds Smith, who oiniKraled from M.'issaohusetts with the 11 .a 111 ps li i r e Colony Conjfrefta- lioiial Church, set- tling' in Princeton, III., in iH.v llor parents were eniin- enl for their humble piety, and their children were all e.aily in lite fjalher- ed into the Church of Christ, .Saiab ;it 1 .2 years of age. She early developed a niilural ability for lilei.iry woik, and a s I o n i sh ed her frieiuls with articles w I itieii for religious journals ere she hiid scarcely e n - terod liei " teens." In i«7K she left ber parental home for Saline Co., Neb., .1 11 d w .1 s soon after married to Johnston Foster, residing ne.ir Ooldrinsey, .Neb. She has one child, Juli.i Klizabeth, now .1 proniisiiijf young; laily of 17 years. Soon after the oixanizalioii of the W. C. T. U. in Tobias, Mrs. Foster was chosen Supt. of Press Work, and for sever.il years w.is editor of a lemper.ince departiiieni and frequent conlribiilor lo the press. W.is twice elected Supt. of the Juvenile Work of the W. C. I'. I', in the Fifth District. Reniovinjf to Fair- mont, Fillmore Co. , she resiiiiied her editorial work for temperance. Ill iXi)-^ she was elected County Superintendent of Press Work, .also Corresponding^ and Recordiiijr Secretary of Fairmont Tem- per.aiice I'liiim, which office she still holds. ROBKRT COI.LISON SCOTT, of Hamilton, Ont., was born in Oxford Township, Kent County, Out., May 22iid, 1849. His p.arents are Frederick Scott, who came front Heverly, Yorkshire, Kn^. , to Ontario fifty years .ajfo, and M.aria C o 1 1 i s o n , Imrn in Kssex Co., Ont. His father has a I w a y s b e e n a siraijjht temper- a n c e 111 an, and never tasted strong drink nor useil to- bacco. His parents were both Method- ists, as he is. He h a s b o I d 111 any oflices in the Ciood Templars and the Royal Templars of Temperance, with the former of which he li.as been connected for the past thirty years, and with the hatter for several years. He has taken an active part in all Prohibition movements, namely, the Ounkin Act and Scott Act canipai>;ns, and in a bitter fififht to banish the licensed liquor traffic from tho villajfo of Hijfhjfate, which now is, and ever since the Scott Alt I'anie in force in Kent, h.as been clear of the liquor traf- lic, except a few week* betoro the law could be jjot to act in stop- piiijT it. Mr. Scott 'i.is not held many public offices. He has boon so cK sely heh', to his private business that he has not allowed himself to 'ake part in public afl'airs beyond those touching Prohibition, in politics he has for years held it to be his duly to vote Prohibition first. Q i^Ht j^^^ >?^fl : ■ s,^ ■"%■ y ,*- 1 • I "4 PROHIHITION LEADERS. i JAMKS PARSONS SMITH, of Hamilton, Out., tlu- notod Koyal Ti'mplar cvanj^^flisi, was bom in Mristol, Kn^^lanil, Si'pt. .'8, 1H55. lit* I'ai.u' to C'a nada w h c n a youth, t'l'll inlo bad i'oinpiiiiy and bi'- vaint' add'u'lt'd (o ibiiik. In 18K5 lio \\ as snauhfd like a branil iVoin I In* bu t'liin)^ il II I' i n ^ sjH'i-ial ri'li^'ioiis .siTvift's in Kint'iald SirrtM M*M lu>ilisl Church, and has bt»fn a consisU'nt nii'nibiT ot that ilniri'h i'\t'i' sinro. Mt* unili-d with llu' Koyal 'liMuplars, a n d his nal ural taliMils in spi'i'ih and son^ niarkfd him at oni't* as a worktT in llu" mis- sionaiv work ot" I hat *.>ril i* r. I n rompaiiy with Mr. L'liarU's Irisli hi* I'li- ti-rod 1 hi' tit'KI as "Thf KmtMaKIs ' Revival Team, and Iheirwork was iirhl\ blessi'd. As \Uc ihii'tot this team, with a numbor o\ ihan^jfs of partners, Mr. Smith has truvelK'd iVom Atlanlir to Paeitir, hiilihn^ liundrods ^\\' missions, securing' tliousands o\ ploilj^^es, anil U'ailin^ many to llu' llroal Physician. He combines, in :i veiy unusual decree, platform, musical and orj^.'inizin^' ability. He is very allractiye, and invari- ably draws lari^e audiences, allhou^'h outspoken and often scalhinj; in his condemnation of compromise with wronj;, but his powerful denuticiation i>f wri>n^' is softeneil by pathetic ami touching' appi'als. He is a very stronj^ Indepeiulenl Prohibilii>nist. He is a lieensetl local preacher of the Methodist Cluirch. He was married in i8S() to Anna A. Reader, and has a family of two boys. MRS. ANNA PARSONS SMITH, a prominent \V. C. T. V. worker of Hamilton, l>nt., wile i^i tlu* temperaiu-e evan^^elist, Rev. J. Parsons Smith, was born in Hamil- ton, Ontario. Wvr father was an Kn>(- lishman, and her mother a C'anailian. She reci'ivcd her eilucal ion in the H.'unilton schools, anil in early life slu>wed a marked interest in reUj^ious subjects, joining the C'lnuci and engag- ing in religious sei- \ ices aiul in various tines oi Lhrist i.'iii wo k. Mrs. Smith is I lo onghly con- \ crs nl with I he lioiy s ■iptiires, and this f cl can be Iiaceii to lier early consec r 1 1 i o n 1 1» gooil Wi> k in icail- ing the (ible ilaily while yet a child to a blind man. The knowledge o\' tiod's Word thus .acquired has been a source of great consolaiion li>lier- s»'lf .anil otluMs, and :t mighlv itistrumentatity iov gooil in herev.'in- gelistic work in associ.ition with her husband. In connection with the \V. C". r. r. she has served as C'orrespt>nding Secretary and ;is Superintendent oi Hygiene ^^\ the Hamilton W. L". T. l'. She was m.trricd to J. Parsi>ns Smith, the lemper.ince evangelist, at her lathers home in Hamilti>n, April J()lli. l^^f<», by the Rev. John Kay and Rev. J. H. White, Mel!u>i!isl minister^. In adilition lo her olVicial service in lonneclion with the W. C". T. l'. work it may be mentioned thai Mrs. Smith is a \ery snccesslul teacher ot phys- ical culture. She has travelled with her husband in evangelistic work in Kngland and Canada, rendering elVeciive service. f i DORA V. WHKKIAXK was born in Calais, Vt., Aug. j(>. 1847, She was the daughter of Rev. Hemietl Palmer and Velina Snow Palmer. The father died in 1H51, and the mother re- mo veil with her family of four child- ren to Berlin, Wis., in 1855, r h i s sturdy, Christian N e w K 11 g I a n il mother did heroic work in bringing her family to man- hood and wom.m- hooil. The subji*cl of this sketchgratlu- aled from the Rerlin High School when iS years oi' age, .and the same year was marrieil to Mr. O. \. Wheelock. In iSy^ I hey r-Mnoveil to Beatrice, Neb., and have both been coiuiected with the Prohibition n] ve- nient from its \ -i- ninif. Mrs. Wheelock has served in the ranks of the W. C. I . C. as Local President for ten years, Cotmty President, State Press Superintendent, and for the past three years as State Corresp*>nd- ing Secretary. She has been State Reporter for the " I'nion Signal ' for the past five years. She is very ready with her pen, contributing occasionally to various publications. She wiites sometimes for children, having contributed to *'St. Nicholas" and " The Youth's Companion." In i8S<) she was elected a member of the Hoard of Kducalion of Beatrice, and served three years. Her family of three children are grown, two of them being married. Among her children and grandchildren, with home-making, writing and State work, she leails a busy life. She has been an active worker in the M. K. Church all her life. RKV, S. n. CIIOWN, oi C.irlton St. Metlunlist Church, Toronto, one of the most noted .and successful Prohibition work- ers of (.Ontario, was born in Kingston, Out., April I I, 185V I lis father, S.amuel L'how -i . w ;i s a n emiiu-m lemperame leforniei anil phil- .mlhropisl, cf King- ston, a n d at his death was mouined b y Catholics a n d Protestants ;ilike. I lis ni o t h e r wa s S a r a h Oardiner. He was eduiated a I the Kingston Collegiate Institute and Victoria Coll- ege, t.iking highest r.ank in the mental ;mu1 im^ral sciences and theologN'. He was converted at 15 and e n t e re d the ministry at 21 , .anil has oicupii'd pro- minent charges in Maitland, Kempt- ville, SpencerviUe, Almonle, Montreal, .and Toronto. He has been identitied actively with the S. of T., I. O.Cf.T., R.T. of T., and the Legislative Com. of the Pom. .Alliance. He edited and published the "Cu enville War Notes" dm ing the Hrst gre.at Scott Act campaign. He frei|ui'ntly met and ri>uled the .Anti-Scott Act oiators. He was noted fai and wide in these days as a clear, logical and ci>nvincing Prohibition or.alor. He suc- ceeded Judge McOougall .is President of the Scott Act .\ssocia- tion foi Leeds and Orenville, and led with brilliant success the campaign in luistern (.Ontario. He secured rigid enforcement of the law, and Ins life was frequently thicjitened, but escaped un- harmed. Hit* wife {nee Susie K. Hanunond) is of English descent. I PROHIBITION LRADRRS. Its I JOHN ATI. 11 I.AWSON, Miui,iK'>M I'osi Ofliir Moiu-y Oiilcr Di'p.irlniiMit, I'li.ii liilli'linvn, I'. K. I., was born July J^, 1H4J, al C.n.Ou-iu'l, 1'. K. I., anil l)cti>i)^s t(i one ol its olili'sl Siol- llsli laiiMtii's, Wil- liam David, his lallur, man it'll Isa- lu'lla, ilauxlili-i' >>r John Aulil, iiC V.'oM'- hi'ail, alsoot'Si-oti-li i->lrarlii>n. julm A., t h I* \*i>ii n^;i"st o t thriT hrolhrrs, r'l'- t't'ivi'il a jfi^oil I'in^- lisli fiUii'ation in iIm' C'ommon anil Ni>f- mal Siliiiols, anil h i* ^ a II t t'ai'hi 11 j^ siluiol at ii, whii'h III- (bllt>\vi'il lliri'i' yi-ais. Thrn lor hvi' yi'ars ho I'ol- lowt'il mori-anlilo pnrsdits al Mount Slrwart, aii'i'|)tinK his |>i-i»sfnt position iMuli-r Iho Dominion li ovorntm-nt i n 1K71. In iM(>4 Mr. I.awson joint'il liio I. O. ii. T., an.l lias siiu'o l»tM'n an oni'r^i'tio nu'inhor. Mo was (iraiiil Soorolary Irom 1872 to 1HH4, inolusivo. In 1HS5 lio was oloolod l>. t". T., ani! ro-olntoil in |HS(>. In iSSH ho booamo an .■ii'tivo moinlu'i- ol" tho Sons of Tomporam-i*, anil, in iH()4, lo.'ulor of Iho I, oval C'l-nsailors. \iv is a M;ison, .-iiui tor six of sovoit siio- i'tvs..i\'o yoars w;is Soori'tar'V' of \'ii'loria l.i>il);o, C'harlotliMown. Pi>lilii';illy a Proliihitionisi, ;iltlu>u|;i> ori^in.'iII\- ;t l.iboi'.al. In ro- iii^ions rti.'ilti'rs Mi-. I,;i\vsi>n has takon ;in ai'tivi* intori'st, boinj;; ;in olilor in tho l'rosb\ lorian (.'huroh. Ho was marriod in 1H65 to Sophia, danjjlilor of t'hailos C'oHin, of Sav;ij;o Harbor. Mis family I'onsists of two bo\s ami si'Vi'n ^irls. Mo is of a kinil anil j4"oiU'r- i>ns ilispositii>n, ipiiot habits, anil a favorito with all who know him. K.VTMRIN TRVI'MOSA'AI.I.EMAN STRAW, daughter of Hoitj.'intin anil .Ann.'i Mtirrav Alloman, w.'ks born in Paviphin Co., I'omi., Sopt. ,1oth, 1M4H. She roi'oived a pnblii- and Norni.Tl Si-hi>oI odni'al ii>n, and I'oinmoncod I o.iohiiiK public sohool a' the ajfe of lb. A I q she ioinod tho M. E. Ctiurili. Sbo bad tho liorita^fo of a i'uritan anoeslry and Iho bonefil of I'ai'i'ful homo traifi- n\i(. .She has a doop iiitorost in the 1 1'. 'lining of ohild- hood, which has liolil hor to jnvenilo tomporani"t» wi>rk fi>r ton yoars. She livoil amon^ the hills of Pennsyl- vania until 1H76, whon sbo married John M. Straw, a Christian jfonlle- m;in and a votin^f I'rnhibitionisl. She Ihoii removed to .North .Mani'hoslor, Inil., whoro sbo has since resided. Attboafre of iH she bo>;an io work iii Iho Rod Ribbon Movenioni and in tS8i in tho W. C. T. I'. .Sbo has, sinco its or^.tni/alion in 1HH6, been Sl.ito Socrot.iry of Iho Loyal Tonipor.inco l.o>;ioii Branch. She h.'is or^'anizoil Local anil Count V lotions, ;ind last ye;ir foriiv.^d a St.ilo I.offion, composod only of Lofifionors who have ^fraduated in tho L. T. L. Course and hold diplomas. She led to success, in iSi)i, Iho work of r.iisin^f money bv Iho L. T. L. >;irls of Indian- .ipolis for tho oroclion of iho first public fountain in .Vmerica in honor of Miss Willard. .She has hor State work well in hand. She has a son and .1 d.oijfhtor, Iho latter \'ico-l'ros. of the State L. T. L. nlnl- MKS. I.^■^IA CERTRl'DK SOBIKSKI was born in .Saloni, 111., Jan. ^, 1K51. She is tho youiiffost d.uijjhior of H. K. Lemon and Mary P. Loni'on. ! ■ llornunhor w.is .in t*ducalor of jjreat renown, the first woin.in who filled Iho chair in a col- lojfo Slunllifl" Col- lotfo in 1X54. Her father was the son o f R o v . J oseph Lemon a n d t h e grandson i>f Ri'v. J.'is. Lomi-n, tho man t li r o u ^ h w h o si- labor 1I10 territory of Illinois I'.amo inti> Iho I'nion as .1 IVoo Stale, whoso six sons wore Baptist ni 1 11 1 s I e r s , ,'i 11 il whoso intluoiu'i* w;is foil Ihroujfhoiil the onliri* West. l*"or i>\'or one luinilroil \ o.ars has Iho family l.iboroil in the cause of Christ. Her fat hor and niollier wi-ro both ••irVi'i'iit -Abolitionists, *;ijn'tl labored as e.iriiestly for the ovothrow of slavery as''tlio\ do now for the ovorllirow of the liipior Irallic. Mrs. Sohieski was edii- caled in Almira College, Ciroenvillo, 111., K'a'lu.ilin>f in 187(1. She is a Baptist. In 1879 sbo was ni.oriod to Hon. John Sobioski, the well-known tein|>orance orator. In hor youth she joined all move- ments for the advanconient of the lomporanco cause. In June, 18S4, sbo w.is appointed Supl. of tho W.C.T.C. work amont>- the Polish people, and Liter Supl. of the Slavic doparlmont of the Foreign Work for the W. C. T. I'. Since May, i8<)5, she has devoted her entire time lo loclurin>j for the Prohibition cause and the circulation of Prohibition literalure. W.U.TKR B. MILL, was born at 1851, of Puritan and " Cracker" stock. Talbottoii, Ga., Sept. 9, His father, Barnard Hill, came from Harv- ard, Mass., to Oeor- >fia in 1825. His mother, Mary Clay Birch, was a de- scendant of Henry Clay. He gradu- ated at the Uni- versity of Georffi.i (.Athens) in 1870, and from the law school in 1871. His iiilerest in Probibi- tioii was first arous- ed from bearinjf Miss Willard. His lather had been very prominent in the Wasbinjftonian M o V e m e n t . A Democrat until 1888, be then united with the Prohibition Parly, serving; as Kleclor for .St.ite-at- Larifo in 1888 and 1892. Ho is by pro- fession a lawyer at Macon, Ga. He revised the Code of Geoixia in 187,1 and 1882; has boon President of the Georgia Bar .\ssociatioii. Mo is a Methodist, and w;is ,1 member of the Gen. Conference .it Richmond, \'a., in 1886, and at Memphis in 1894, and a delo^fate lo the Kcumonical Conference at W.ishintfton in 1890. Me is a contributor to various literary and lejfal publica- tions. .An article from his pen in the "Century Ma^jazine," "Uncle Tom Without a Cabin,' sots forth his views on Southern questions. An article by him in "Christian Tbouffht," on " Aniirchy, So- cialism and liio L.ibor Movement," sets forth his views on the Libor i|uoslion. Ho was married Oct. 22, 1879, to Miss Sallie P. Barker, of Macon, now Vice-President of the Georgia W. C. T. U. !l ii6 rROHIBlTlON LEADERS. JAMES H. HKl>NSC)\ w;i> horn in Amsti-rilani, \. Y., in Div. iKid. His inollu'r ili'siiMulfd IVocn llu- IIhII.iikI Miilili, and his l.'ilhtT i'aini' tVoin t\>nnf4'lii*nl aiul srttli'il in lh(* Mohawk \'alli'v in I Ho J. I a nu's \i . was t'ai'Iv in lit*' t'nlisU'il in IrniptT- aiu-t> work, taking an arti\i' pari in K>i'al nu'flin^s, and thus rt'foixin^^; his tfinpcranii' filni'a- tion anil training. lit' t'nti'i'i'il I'nion ColU'Ko in 1841), aiul ro in pK' I i n )i( his I'oursr ^raihiati'il in 1H4H, ranking ainon^ tho ht'st St luicn t s o f" his I'lass. I li- t'n^;afjril in inaniilai'tiirin^ in iSj^t), ami ri'liri'il in iHKi). Dnrin^ all his hiisiiu'ss t'aroer hi- has hfon an iin- sworxiny;" ailvofatt* ot tt'inpt'raiu'o am! Prt^hiiiit ii>n . His st'i'vii'i's in hi'halt" of the cause won tor him in imreasin^; ipi'asiire llie I'sti'eni ami (food-will ol the friends of ti'inperanee. He was noininaled for States Comptroller in iSf the State i>f New \'ork hv the Prohihilion PaiiN'. In 1891 he was elected President of the \. \'. Slate I'l'iiipeiaiKe Society, a position h" i,;:s filleil with .'ihililx' and fulelit\', .'uul whii'h he still holds. He n.'is (Vom early lite heen amon^ the nu>sl .-t^- gressive teniperai ce nu'u in the .Statt*, ;iml enji>ys in .'i l.'irj^e measure the confiaence and respect of all friends of our reform. MARY K. MONASMITH, Snpl. of Prison and Flower Mis- sion work. Sixth Oisiricl Kansas \V. I'. T. I'., w;is horn ne.ir DaiiNille, III., April H, 184(1. Her par- ents, I'leorjfe W. and Mary .\. Nor- ris, weie nativcH of l'>hio. Thev re- moved to Iowa dur- ing; her ihildhood, ami shi> w,'is t'dn- caled ;it (."eiit ral I'niversity, Pella, low.i. She taught for some ye;irs in the piihlii' schools, .-iiul .'It iH nniteil with the Itaptist C'lniri'li, .uul later hecanu* iilent ified with the .Methodist. In 1S7S she hei'ame a resitleiit tif Jt'well County, Kan. .Al- w.'iys a firm be- lii>\t*r in total ab- stinence, in 1879 she joined the I. O. Ci. T. , workiiiff in lh:il .Society for a mimher oi \-e.'irs. She joiiu'il ihe \V. C. T. I', in 1886, and held various offices in the Local I'nioii ; was I'ounly .Snpt. of S;ihb.'itli C>hsi'rv;ince (or six ve;irs, member of Oislrict Kxecutive Cominillce, Histrict Siipt. of Prisonand I'lower Mission work for ten years, which posiiion she still holils. She w'.'is a dcle^jate to the first Prohihilion Convention lu'kl in Jewell Co. Her temperance work has l;(rj.;el\ 4'i>nsisteil in nnnu'roiis .-irticle's for the press, contrihiitinjf to tlii' "Jewi'll Comity Kepuhlican," and " Mank.ito Ui'vicw," ami other papers, wriliiij; ess.iys for i-t>n\'enliv>ns and publii- nu'i'tin^^s, in .'ill of which she li.'is .'ulvtn'ateil the Prohibition Party and woman suffr.i^e. She has heen ur>;ed to taki' the platform, but ilcdined on .iccoimt 01, her health. MRS. KM MA A. i WHKKI.Kk traces her linea^ji- b.ick to penejfrine White, the first child horn in the I'olorn' brouj^ht in the Mayflower, A. O. - - i(>20. Her m.'iternal j^r.'indfather, Helh- lU'l L'hurch, tle- s c e n il e il f r o m slurtly pious .'inces- try, w'.'is .'I m.'in of I >fi'eat force of char- acter, a temperance man .ind abolition- ist. Her mi>ther, Lydi.'i Church, in- herit e tl a n tl b e - tj n e.'i t h e tl t iiese characteristi c s . I.ytli.'i in.'irried Har- I' i s tin I lunter, tlf Rt>ckfi>rtl, M i c h. , I where they went to resitle, .'intl where Kmma was born. She w.'is etluc.'ited mostly in the public schools of Grand Rapitls, Michigan, I where she after- \v a r d s became a teacher. .She niar- J r i ed Jul i .'i n M . Wheeler, a n.'itive of that city. At 15 Emma became a Christian, ami miiletl with the Baptist Church. In 1884 she, her husb.ind, ami mother be- came members of the Church of Christ. Her mother dietl in i88q. haviiiK livetl an e.'irnest Christian lift'. Mrs. Wheeler unitt'il with the W. C. T. C in 1874, serving locally .is Secrel.iry and Presi- dent, then Kec. Sec. of the Fifth District, then Cor. Sec. of .Mich., which oflice she heltl from 1884 to i8t)2. She was closely associated with Mrs. Mary T. I-alhrap, .ind to her wise counsel and assist- ance Mrs. Wheeler attributes much of her success in ihe temper- ance work, a^ 11 its to the earnest sympathy of her mother and husband, ^' • Wheeler resides ;it Paris, Ont. ANI>KI':W J. S.MI I'll w.is born at .Spalfonl. Oiiontla>;a Co., \. ^'., .\pril JO, 1841. He is of Kii>;lisli descent, ami ti'.ices his family back to Ihe early set I lenient of this country. When .'ibout 17 ye.'ii's olil he, Willi nothing but .'i t^ooil coiistiiution .'iml a fi'W clothes, left the parental roof for t h e fa r West. .At thebreak- iny: out of the w.'ir of the rebellion he w.'is ill Texas, .'iiul enlisted ill Co. B, Third C. S. Infan- try, serviiiff I wo V ears a n tl f o u r months, beiiiff dis- char^cil on .■u'count of proinotioii ; serv- iiijf in W'.ishington, I).C.,untiK)ctober, 1865, he took his Miial ilisi'h.'ir^e. He I'ame \o Wisconsin in .April, 1805, set- tling a I -Ainhe rst the s.'imefall, where he li.'is since lived. In 1878 lie was .idmittetl to the Bar, .iiul has practiced his chosen profession since. In 1886 he w.'is the nominee of the Prohibi- tionists for Conjjfress in Ihe Ninth District. As early as 1878 he unitctl with the Temple of Honor, anil in 1885 was elected GrantI Wortln Templar of the .St.'itt , holtliii^ office three ye.'irs, and has since 1. Id the oflice of G. W. K. in th.it Order. In 1887 he purchiiseil the "Western Templar of Honor," ;i iiioiitlily publication in the interests of the Order of Templars tif Honor ,'ind temiH'raiice. He li.'is always been a consistent advocate with [)en and voice in the cause of throtlliiiff the rum power. I t PROHIIUTION I.KADKRS. 117 RKV. \I.KX.\\rM;K C.ll.K K VAN AKKN. lliaiul Siribi- of llu' Soils ill' 'l'i'iupi*i';nu-f Hal], New JriNi'N, Janiiar\ New JtMsfv, was liiiin at Uluiilf 17II1, 1S5J. Ills pai'i-nis, John \aii Akfii aiul Jiitit* iiai'- r4'tsoi) (iiilirk. iiio\'ril 1 1» Nfw Mnmswirk, Nrw JiMsi'V, whili- 111' was a iiUTf lail, and lluTf, with his only I)n>tluT anil sisti'r, hi' rt'i-i'ivi'il his 4>-Jni'a- tit>ii. Pri'pa t'in^; at till' (ii'ainniar SiOiool III' rnli'i'rii Kiit^fi.r's I'olli'jfi' in Si'iiti'iiditT, iHtH), anil >;railiiatt'il in iHyf, aiiil IVoni llu' N'l'w Mriinsu ilk Tlu'O- lo^ii'al Srniinai'N ol till' Ri't'oi nii'il C'lniri'Ii in May, |H;(), u'lfiv- in^ his iIi'^Ti'i' of" M. C. .'It that linii'. All IT li'arliiiijf oni" yi'ar in tin' lininininr Si'liool : alsii supply- ing Ihr pulpit of tlu' Kloiiinin^'ilali' Ki'- I'orniril i'lnirrh, \rw N'ork rity, tor si'Vi'ral vi'ars, ili'rlitiin^ to ri'i'i'ivi- a rail to hr- I'onii' till' ii'tfniar pastor, a throat atTi'itioii iiuliu'i'il him to ri'- tirc from ;ii'livi' ministerial si'rvii'i*, i'^ii Jaiiuar\' jtitli, 1S87, In* was eli'ili'il I'liatiil Worthy I'atri.inh ol' lIu' Sons ol' 'I'l-mpi'i- ani'f of Xi'W Ji'isi'y, anil iv-rli'iti'il in iHHM, iHMi) ami iHijo, tht'ii posit i\i'ly rrfus'inj; ti» ari-i'pt a ri'-iioinitiation. This w;is till' lonjfrsi ti'iiui-i' of olTirr as C'tranit W'ortlu- I'atriari-Ii in the 53 Vi'ars of till' history of tht- ^>i'ili'r in Xi-w ji'rsi'v. Huriii^ this tinii' till' nii'mhi'i'ship ilotihli'il anil attaini'il a prospt'r-ilv anil iiiHui'iii'i' so marki'il as to I'lii'il ^I'lii"';!] i*onimi'iit. In January, iHt)_^, hi' w.'is iiuhiri'il to hi'i'onu' (tranil Si-rihi', anil still holils thai oHiri'. MRS. MAdHIK (IIKMIKIX) nK.Vr':NrORT was horn J.iiiuary iilli, iX.S.i, in Hi's Moinrs, Iowa. Ili'r pari'iits scltlcci ,'il th;it plaii' whi'ii I'rs Moini's was only a llovi'riimrnt I'oNt, tlii'y bi'iii^f amon)( llie I'.'irlii'st si'ttli'rs in I'l'iilral Iowa. Her falhi'r, II. (1. Ili'iiilrix, waw a stroll); I'rohibi- tionist, aiul assisti'd in or^faiii/iiif; thi- firnt liiilrpi'iiili'tit 4.^rili'r of Ciooil 'I'l'iiiplars l.oil^o at Oi's Moini's, Iowa. W'hi'ii I _s vi'ars of ;ijfo sill' hoi'amr .t nu'iiihor of this .Sorii'ty. She w;is I'llueati'd at Pes .Moines, and at the mge of 18 sill' bi'i'.'tmi' n le.iihi'i, wliiili profes- sion sill' followeil for a perioil of six vi'ars. In 1S77 she hi'iame an ai'tivi' nii'iiiber of the Women's Christian Tempi'rji ni-e I' 11 ion work, and was Su|HT- inti'iiilent of Ihi' Hand of llopi- work in the town where she laiiKliI for two ye.irs. In the ye.ir 1880 she was married to ll. P. Oevenport, and moved to North-Wcst .Xebr.iska in 18H8, where slie beiaine .111 earnest worker In the Womi'ii's C'hrisli.-in 'ri'inperaiu'i' I'nioii .'mil I.. T. I.. wi»rk, serv- ing; several years as County I'resident of the Women's C'hris- ti.'iii 'ri'inpi'r.'uiei' I'tiion, .-mil nistrii-l Supi'rinteiiili'nt of I.. T. L. work. Slie moved to C'.isper, W'vomln^f, in the fall of 181)5, •'""' has been aitively ennaned in the leniperaiue work at that plaee, she beiiiK the lirst I'resident and Superinlenilenl of I.. T. I., work ill the t'ounly. .\t the a);e of 18 she was eonverted .and joined the .Mi'lhoilist Kpisiopal i'hureh, and has always been ;i faithful worker in both L'hurih .iiiil Sunday Sehool. MRS. KM.M.X A. (.U \\MKR was born near Madison, Wiseonsin, anil is the daii);liter of Dr. ,iiid Mrs. J. I.. Powers, who now ri'siili' ;it Reinhi'ik, Iowa. She w.is I'llui'.'ited .It Cornell C'olle^fe, Iowa, and reeeived her first teaeher's lertitiiate when but fourti'en ye.-irs of ;t^i', ami I.'iu);lit hi'r first school at fif- li'i'ii. I. .Iter she w.'ls Prini'ipal ol' ihe si-hools of Ri'in- lieek. She has for Miaiiy years been ;ui iiuli'f.'it i^a lilf worker fo r t h U'oman's Christian Ti'iiipi'i-anei' Cnioii anil the eausi' of e i| u a 1 siif f r.ijie. lliiriiiff the last Iwi'Ue vi'.'irs she li.is resided in South n.ikota. When Mrs. Helen M. Marker, now N.it- ioii.il Treasurer, left the Stall' four vears aj^o, her mantle fell upon Mrs. Cranmer, and she became .State Presiileut, a posi- tion she held until the last State Convention, when she deelined a re-eleition. She was then eleeted Honorary President. She was made a National I.eetiirer ami Oixanizer at Ihe reeent Haiti- more Convention of the .National W. C. T. l'. Some years Mrs. Cranmer has averajfed .1 sjieeih every other day, and she has travelled about 10,000 miles annually. .As a speaker she is niaif- iietie, foreeful .iiid eloquent, ;ind her services are iiiuih in deiii.ind. Coneeruin^: her address before the National Coinuil of Women last winter, the " Washiii^;toii Post," anion^ other thiufjs, said ; "It was as ffiaeeful a pieeeof feminine oratory as eould well be imagined. " Her husb.md, Hon. S. M. Cranmer, a leading Prohi- bitionist, ably seconds his wife's etVorts. WESLKY C.\UI. HATKS is a son of Eli Bales, of Carroll, Ohio, (wife Ruth Hill), son of Nicholds Bales, Nelsonville, Ohio, (wife Kuiiice Pcve), son Nicholds Bates, of Exeter, Rhode Island, (wife Susan- ^tfKfi, "'''I' Withers), son ^ggUkj^^^ of Silas Bates, of B|H^^^ik. Rhode r- ' . ^1^ Island, (wife. ^nsan- A ^^^h nail Cordiner), who t 'd^^H en listed in .May, "^^ ^^B^ ^ ^ years' service in Ihe Thirtieth Bat- l.ilion of the State of Rhode Island, in Providence Planta- tion's Troops. He was born May i iih, 18W). In 1887 8 lie beff.iii te.ichinff, .'till! was a siiccess- lul teacher; was amoiiK the first of his class in Carroll IliKh School; grad- u.ited with hijfli honors from C. C. C. Collejfe, of Col- umbus, Ohio. A student in the law office of Puffh & I'ujfb, Columbus, Ohio, he passed the examina- lion of Junior Year of Law School ol Cincinnati Colli'>;e much above reipiiicmenls. He was I.ibr.irian of and jrradu.ited from the Law School of the O. S. I', in June, iSt).., haviiiK been admit- ted to the Bar in M.irch previous. With L. H. Lojjan, .State Chairman of the Prohibition Party, he waiLfed a splendid campaign ajfainst Ihe riiru curse for two years. Commencinjf practice ot law at Columbus, O.. in Dec, iHg^, by himself, he has been one of the most successful younj; lawyers of the city, notwithstandinir the rum power opposition. .Married April ■^, i8c)^, to Mary I'lorence McDonnell, Columbus, O. Is a Presbyterian', a farmei- a hiwyer, eloquent speaker, lucid writer, patriot', and Prohibition- ist, never having voted any other ticket. ii8 PROHIBITION LEADERS. ]'• li HON. W. M. SOMICKS who btirii in Nortli I'aroliiia, aiul rrmovi'd in early life to Urhann, III., in 1H4J. Hi- iilli'iuli'il Hi'lufiiK lor s4*\(m;iI wintrrtt, and then wrnt IK the M. K. Si'niinaif al Dan- villi', wlu'if he ii!»- laini-il > i>n>idi-iahli- kiun\ li'il^i* ol flass- ii's and I lit* lii^luT Hr.'uu-hfH. IK' niar- rifd llallii- I.. Mi'.id in AnK"""'- ''^.S*'- •'• I'rhana, wlu> iliril in Hi*:iliii'i', Nth., in tSjd, Iraxin^; llniT t'liildivn. I'l' was marrifd a^a n in l.iiut;is- lature, and served a term. In |HK(> lie reinovi'il li> S.an Die^o, County, Jaliiornia, where hi' enjfa>;eil in t'ruil ^ri>wiii^. He has been an active temperance worker .ill his .idult lite. He was a candid.'ite on the Prohibition ticket for the .Assembly to represent San Diejfo Co., and in iH<)5, Pro. caiuliilale tor Con^jress in the Seventh Congressional District, receivin({ the lull parly vote. KKHKCl.V 11. IMIH.I.II'S, S. J. 1. ol .\ri/ona, second dau^hler of Jonathnii and Sarah Stephens, was horn Janv. ij, 1M4H, near West i'liesier. Pa. Her t.illier was a ^real si-hol.ir .-mil teacher tor liU'M ii-ars, anil her inoilii'i a pio- touiiil i'hrislian, anil fioiii both of iliese she inherited a liive i^i sliiil> .'iiul an iiidcnl spirit of beiii'Noleiice. She tiiiislit-il her t'iluc;i- lioii .11 K\ Insliliile, anil bi'^iin teai'hiii^ at I s- She was haplt/eil iind joiiieil the Kaplisi Church when 1 1> ye.irs of a^'e. She is a mem- ber ol I he I.. H. Socielv, the I. O. C. T.,and I.. K.C. of li. .\. and Cor. Secy, of the Worn. Sulb'affe .Assiii'ia- lion. Territorial Supl. of the \. \V. I'. T. I'., Oislricl Supl. of till' Juxetlile Depl. i^i .M.irii'ap.'i C'o. .\. T. Slu' is ;ilso a Ir-usti'i' i>f llu* .Noriii;il .School, and a iiiembei of the Ho.iril of Kilucilion of Hie Territor- ial .N'oinial School. She is said lo have maikeil and except ioiial endowment in ar^unienl, and lo be a very able and eloijuent advo- I'ale ot" Prohibiliiin. .A frii'iul ileci.'ires " Iut \oii'i' anil iiiHuence on .'ill ipii'slioii' involving si>i'ial i>r nior;il I'Ibics has alwavs been on the siile of rijflll, juslici' anil ei|ti,'ilil\ , ' .As a sulTrajfisI shi* is I'.-irni'sl ;itul I'lii'r^elic; ,'is ,'in ;idvoi'ate of lemper.ince she is enlhiisiaslic ;iml successful, .inil as a re- former her position is advanced, and her work commandN uni- versid respect ;iiid admiration. it ! MRS. JESSIE BROWN-HH.TON, National \V. C. T. V. Secy. Mothers' Meetinjfs, was born in Chicajfo, 111., June iq, 1H54. She is the dau^f liter of thi' Hon. .Xnilrew J. Brown, 0111' of till' early settlers and le.'iilin^ lawyi'rs of Chicajfo, and spent the early years of her lite in Ih.-it city. In 1S76 she was the first 1,-k1\- classii'al ^railualc oi Ni>rtli- weslern I'niveisilv. In 1H7S she married Kcv. Theophiliis B. Hilton, n. {•>., a cli'rjj\-inan in the .MetlioilisI Kpisco- p.'il Church, anil ,'it one lime .h nii'nibi'r of the Illinois Stale Centr.il Kxccuti\e Committee i>f the Prohibition Parly. .Assoi-ial eii with him in his a dive ministeri.'il I i fe i n Illinois, .W'braska .iiul Salt I.iike Citv, I'lali, she laid the fi>mul.'ttioii o f a n earnest spiritual character, enterin^f into the sympathies and aspirations of all classes of people. On the death of her husband she came to think deeply and prayerfully of the women with bur- dened hearts, and of the need of earnest women orjf.inizeil lo denmnd the overthrow of the liquor traffic. Her experience with her own four children opened her eyes to the necessitv of orj^anizcd mother-love to protest, educate and inspire the cnildren. With these thoughts and with the gospel of helpfulness she has entered the lecture field of the W.C.T. U., and through Mothers' Meetings arouses a deeper and more enlarged view i>f life, with its vast possibilities and opportunities. She resides at Evanston, III. RE\'. JOSI.AII H. Mi.AI'EK was born .Aug. H, 1H.10, at Mc- Afeetown, near Port Roy.il, Juanila County, Pa. He received his e;irly eilui'alion in the ilislrict si'hool ne.'ir his home, and .'il the age i>f It) bei'anii' le:iclier of Ihe same school. He altended Penn- sylv.'inia College <'it Ciellysburg, and li.'iil i"h;(rgi' of the i>Iil .'I I' a il e m _v at Cle.irspring during the \ ear i}^54. In 1S50 he united with I 11 e I. 11 t h e r a n Church at Port R o y .'1 1 , and w ;i s o ril ,1 i n ed iiiinis- tcr .'It I'Vederick Citv, .Mil., in Octo- ber, iS5(>. From 1X65 lo 1867 he was priA'ale sei'rel.ary to Ciovernor Craw- fonl, of K.'insas, jiml frtim 1S67 to iH(m> was .Ailjut;int- tient'i'.'il of K.'insas, willi the rank of Colonel. In 1H70 he was M.'iyor of Topek.i, anil hi'gan the lirst official work under- takei" in Ihe State for Ihe suppression of lii|uor selling and gambling. No liquor licenses were granted at Topeka while he Wiis .Mayor. He was tliree limes elected ;i member of tl.e K.'insas House of Representatives sine 1S7S. In |8()H the Faculty of Wittenberg College conferred upon him the degree of .M.isler of .■\rts. In eight months he ilelivered sixty-four lectures and sermons in favor of Prohibit'in in most of the principal cities and towns of the State, the .'i|.pointinents for his meetings being made by the State Temperance I'nion. .Mr. .McAfee claimed Ihe privilege of paying his own expenses while travelling. PROHIBITION LEADERS. »»» ,\IH)MU.\.\I JinsON llDKDON. D.I)., Has lutiii In Nrw Miiiiiploii, N't-w Mjiiii|«>hiri', April iiilli, iH,^i, aiul ilii-tl in K.olnti till' H*'i'i>ntl i|ji\ ol* Ki'liiiiiirx , iHi)S. Ilr Mils n KiMtliiiili* 1)1 Hiiiwn I'nivfisily. Ill' ipcMl llll'l'f yi'.ii*! .'(I llu' .\i'\v- ti>t) Tlii'olit^u'al Si'ininaiy. In iWi.i 111' wa-- niaiiii'tl lo .Ma ia Hall', »l IVo- viili'iiit', K. I. I'nr li\i' vi'ais lu' was |> isiof ot (111' Hap- ii'-l V liiiii'li. J.'ini.'i- ia IMains, \. II., .llIlT Wllll'll iU' IT- inovt'il to Hosti>ii, w'liir, Ciir ovt'r i4 yi'.iis, lu' WHS till' pupiilar pasinr n (' I li r I' I a I r n il o n Si. H.iplisi I.I1UI1I1. I) '. iioi'iloii waN a Kian i>t raiv ili'\i>- lioit, lii'st lo C'lltisI ami his i-ausc, anil tlii'ii to hiiinanilv. Ill' w;is I'spi'ri.-illy ititrri'slt'il in si'i-iir- iiij; itnri' lliinjfs: lir.t, llii' ili'i'pi-r spiritual li!r of In'iii'Vi-rs; ni'xt, ihi' spii'.iil of thi' missionary spirit, ami llii' ailvaiKi'iiU'iit of tlii' li'inpi'ianif ii'lorm. Me was oililor ot" a inonthlv ma^;i/iiii', *' Tlif \\';ilrliwortl," tin- sistant i-ililor of " Tin' .Mission.iry Ki'vii'w of llii' W'orlil," ami wrott* sfvi'ial hooks, anion); llu'in : " In I'hrist," " .Ministry o\' Hfaliii)f, " " lli.ui' .'iiiil I'llory,' " Ki ri' \'i'nit, " Thi' Two-folii Lift'," "Till' First Tiling; in llii' Worlil, " I lii' Holy Spirit in .Mis- nions." Ilr was a it'.'uliiiK .iiKorali' of tlir I'lojiihition I'.irty, hot h hy \oii'i' anil pi'it. Ili'W.'isa man wliii'iy known anil iniu'li loM'il for hi'iu'voli'iiir and many valiiahlf si'rviii's to llu- riuiso of philaiithroph\' .'iiitl roforni. •MKS. I.Ol'ISK S. KOl'NOS, for nino yi-ari. leadri of the Illinois W. l'. T. v., WHS born lu-iir llKcli'nihur){, N. Y., of ,\i'w Kn^land pur- rnlaKc. Hit pn- Irriial KriiiiUiiiollu'r boir till' naiii«* of AUK'ii ill dirt- ft liiir Iroiii John Al- iKmi, of MiiyHowt-r fanu'. Sh«' spent he I i-arly yearn ii|Hiii tile farm, al- leiiilinK' the pnhlir srhoots, aiul fitiish- iiiX her eJiK'.'ition ill (lonverneur Wes- ley a n Seminary, .liter whieh she lie- Kan teai'hin^. She taught for nine years with i'i»ii'*pie- iioiis siii'i-fHs. She was I'onverteil a I I J, anil joined the I're s h y I e r i a n Chiireli, •she was eleeled President of the lllinoiN W. f. T. I'. .Alwayy holding I'rohibilion priiu'iples, she jfave in her adlierenie to the I'arly in 1HH4, and siiue has been an active worker for its priiiiiples and landidates. MKS. S.M.I. IK l'\ ell AI'IN is of Hii>fiienol lineage, her people iomiii){ lo South L'aioliii.i shortly .ifler the revoialion of tilt* I'llii't iyf Nanti's. .She w .'i s born at I'll,'! r lest on, anil m;ii-i'ii'il in i>arU' lifi' .'I htisb.'inil who syn - p.'ittiiseil with lii'r hilly. In fait her htisbaiul was .-is ^ri'.'il an enthusiast as heiself in hrni'- Mtient work, bi'iiij^ on ' of I he founders of the Charleston Y. M. C. A., and foremiist in other ri'form ni.»vi'Uients. Mrs. C*h;ipiii bi'ij;in Ili'i- li'inpiTjinre and L'hurrli work I'arly in life. She has been I'res. of the Ladies' .\uxlliarv of the Y. M. C. A., .'itul w.'is. ilufini;; tlie war, at the he.ul of ."l Sokliers' Relief Soeiity. Mr. Lh.i- pin's sudden deatii almost killed his wife, who, for over a year, did not jfo outside her own door. Miss Willard w;is ;it this time seeking the most .'i\',-iil<'ibli> Southern woman to inlroiliii'i' the W. C T. t'. in the Si>ulli, ,'ind w:is stron^l\' advised to secure .Mrs. C'hapin. .\eeoidiiij;^ly she wrote to her, asking; her to ;in an^e lor spe.-ikers ami I'ntert.-iinnient for the parly in Charleston and other cities. .Mrs. Cliapin was dismayed. Public spi'.'ikin^ by women was a new tiling in the South. She, however, received ami I'titert.'iined the party, and the opening meetint; was pronounced a ")jiand success. " Since then she has travelled often I wenly thotis.'tml miles per year in \\". C. T. L'. work, and numbers many thousands upon her pleil),;e roll. She was for ten years Supt. of W. C. T. U. work in the South. JOSKPH K. HKSS was born in Buffalo, N. Y,, July 16, iH^i. He was of Cierman parentage, and was one of a family of twelve children. He wasted his time .It school, ran aw.iy at iK, and from that time his course was downwaril, swift ;ind sure. There were periods ol reformation, but I hey were soon over, and each step brought him lower. From i« lo 34 his life was one of almost incredible wickedness. His I'hief occup.'i I ion was sali>on-keepiii)^ and prize-fijfhtinjf. In 18K5 "Joe" was livinjf in Rochester, N. Y., with his wife and three children. He was at that lime the proprietor of a ^amblin^den. One e V e II i n ff , a f t e r a lonjf debauch, he strayed into a tem- perance meeting' conducted by the late P. A. Burdick. The speaker's words bri>ujjht conviction to his soul, and a resolve which was never broken, "I drink no more." The remaininK^ ei)jht years of his life were noteil for his deep consecration to God and the temper- ance reform, and for the larffe measure of success which attended his work. .\t the time of his reformation he could not read or write, !ind his lanj;uav;e was largely bar-room slanjj. He became a clear thinker, a reailv :md forcible speaker and untiring worker on the temp.'rance pl.itform — one of the foremost go.spel temper- ance speakers. He w,is an ardent Prohibitionist. He died at his home. Clarendon, N. Y., Oct. 4, 1893. I IM PKOHIHITION LEADERS. I REV. l". f. B.\TEM.\\, »,.\., M. A., a l Impliiiii ol ilu- RcKuUr t'nllrd Slnln Army, watt bt>rn in MichiKaii, May id, i>*f,l- III iH;i hi- ri-iiiovcil Willi liis liilhi-r'N rHiiiil> loilif I'lu'iHi' loa-)!, aiul ^liiilii- ali'il li.\. Iiiini \.'u\- iloiniii I >' ill 1S7S. Ill- wiiitiib- «i-i|iit'iilly iirdaiiii'tl a<< a iniiiisttM' ol llii* M.'ipli'il i'liiiivli. Ill- lu-^an making piilt- lii' l»'iil|U'iaru-i' ;ul- ili*'N-.»"» \ri\ t'aily in Ins nnnlslry, and joiiu'illiii-I.O'.ll.T., .4ikI U'i'turril in its niii'ii'sls I li rtui^li- iiul liii- rfitiiv I'a- rilii loasl. I'or niiM't* (hall (rii N'imi'n 111' w.inril war ii|uiii I III* lii|iuii' Irattii' hIuii-\im' his 1 1< I u,isi'a-.l. Tlii'l'.ili- loiniii Stall' I'lohi- tiitiiin (.'i>u\rntiiHi noitiin.'ili'il hill) liir I'lm^fii'ss ill 1HS4. Two \'i'ai's lluTf- aftiT In- •' Iminil Miss Ji'ssir A. AiUiTiiian, ami was iiislrniiunliil In slartiiiff that I'atiinns woman ui>oii Iut |ilii'iioniinal lari't-r as a writer, siH-aki-r ami Itavi'lU-r in Ihi' inli-ii'sl ol tin- Woi Ills W. I'. T. I'. Ill iKSt) hf riMiiovi'd to l>ii'| I'lvsidi'iil ll.inison .ipiioiiili'il hini a Chaplain in llu- I'nili'd Slali-s army. Hi- inauKin-.ili'il ;i viKOions lanipai^n a^faiiisl strong; drink anil ^{anihlinft .imniiK ihi' troops. Ho i'stablislu'd .1 li'inpi-raiui' ni'wsp.ipi'r, whiih w.is snppri'sst'd bfi-ause of its atl;n-ks upon llu- i-.inli'i'ii sysli'in. .\ dcli'vfati' to the World's fonjfress, lik)■^, and .1 p.iper from him apjiears in Vol. I., "Temp, in All Nations," pioi-eedtii>rs of the World's ton. of Temp. RK\'. .|1>IIN Kills I.AM'I'.I.KV, a prominent minister ol the Melliiidisi llninh in i .iiiaila, was liorii in i'heshire, KiiK', Jan. H.«H. Mis father, John l.amelev, wa» .1 la\ preai'hei «il eonsith'i'.-ihle abil- it \ . I ti' IS inih'bted also. h\ niherilaiii'e, to his m other, whos«> maiilen name was Jane Walker, for some line men- tal ami stii'ial qiiali- ties. Thelolleniale at I'olniiitx, \*ii*- loriii I' iii\'i'i sit y , Ihetele^i.tph oftiie, iiul the bank in turn L;a\i' him l'ai'ilitit*H I 01 a ^ooil .'ill- I iMMiil I'llti I'a t i on , v\ hii'h he (iinieil to i;ood .(1'1-ount. Ill' • iileieil the ministry .11 Ji, and li.is Hinee tilled some of the most iin|U>i'(ant pul- pits ol his demimin- .ilion. .Ml. I.anee- le\'s ijuii'k svni- palhv , oriKinaliiy of thi>u^Mil, irri'preHK- iblc Immoi ami laiilily of lan^iM^e, very e.irly tii.ide him exieed- iiinlv popular on the pl.itlorm. anil probably theie is no i'.inadian p.'istor who is in sui-li lonstant ilemami as a U'eluri'r i-*iy both siilesof the iiilern.'itioiial bound.ir\. Mis leiiuies lor the most pan are Ihiiu^jhlful, .ind deeidedl\ ori^-in.il i onlribiilions 10 the elhieal and soeial problems of the il.iv. and the lempei.ime i|m'slion tinds in him an e.irnest .mil hioad-minded advoeate. A volume, published in |K<)|, and entitled " The ViiKi" Mary .ind l')tlier Sermons, ' eontains sometfemsof sernionii- literature, in.iiiv of whiili h.ive been repub- lished in leadinjf homelilie m.iKaziiies and newsp.ipers in t'anada .ind the I'. S., to the press of whieh he is ;i eonsiant lonlributor. i ! DR. JOHN A. BROOKS was born in .Mason Lounly, Ky., iH_i6. Me tfraduated at Hethany College in iS.s'' with honors, T'l'i'eivin^ the ile- ({ree of .\..M. In 185S he waseleeled to the I'resideney of Klemin^fsburK Ciille^e, an ante- bellum institution. He be^.'in l*> pre.'ieh the ^rospel in his n.'itive I'ountv in 1S57, with most re- m:irkab]i> sueei'ss, anil bee.'ime t h o pastor also at Kleni- in^sbur^' in 1S5S, .'I n il I'ontinueil in this lielil for .'i num- ber of years. In the me.intime he was m.'iri'ied in 1H59 to Miss Sue Robert- son, of Bath Co., Ky., whi» is known as the iile.'il pastor's wife. Me biouji-lit into till* I" h u r i h nearly 10,000 ct^n- verts. In his youth he was one of t In- most eminent evan- irehsls in .\meriea. He st.miis io-ita\- m ihi' vi*ry fri»nt rank of the ministry of his Chureli. Me lias also beeome most distin- guished in the temix-r.ince work, eaiivassiiiK Missouri in the in- terest of Prohibition against the earnest efforts of .Senator \'est. In 1884 be was nominated for Ciovernor in that State by the Pro- hibitionists. In 1888 h^ was nominated at Indianapolis for Viee- President of the United States on the Cold Water ticket, and made one of the ablest campai^jns ever made in the eause of Prohibition. He made a (jreat impression upon the public spirit, and in all his temperance work has been upheld by the Councils of bis Church, W. JKN\l\i;S HK.MORKST was born June 10, iK.-j, in New Vork city, and recened most of his education in the public schools. .\l JO he bejf.'in a ilry gooils business. In i860 hi* entereil upon the editorial and pub- lishing busiiu'ss, is- suing soi>n .'ifti'r the " .\i'W \'oi'k lllus- tr.'iti'il Ni'ws," jiiul .ilso "Voiini,' Amer- ica, " .Hnil these he merged, in |8<>4, in "Demort'st's Fami- ly M;i>;azine. " He tiavelled much and wrote extensively .'ij^uiisl till' I'vils i>f inU'iiipt'r.'ince, dis- tributing ne.'irlv Hftv million p.'ii^es of ti;u"ts on that ques- tion, lie w;is active in the Washinif- U>ni.'in movement, .'i n il oiii' of t he foimilcrs of the Sons i»f Tem pi'r.'ince. Actively IdeiilifyinK himself with the Prohibition P.'iftv in 1HS4, he was tiri'less in his etfoils to promote its principles. He established the N.itioiial Prohibition Bureau for spejiki'i's ;iiul liti'r;ituri', or>C''ini/-i'vl the Nat. t'onstitulion.'il Le.-i^iie, thrmitrh which he was pri'ssin_c a suit up to the Supiemi' Court to establish the inuonstitutionality of .1 license lor the lii|uor trallic, when his de.ith occurred, .April i), 1895. He published a monthly called "The Constitution. " He served the party .is its candidate foi .Mayor of New \*i>rk, ami for I.ieuteiiam-Cioverii'ir of the State. .An intereslintf feature of .Mr. Oemoresl's vviirl; for Prohibition is the Medal Contest work, for the education of the youth, and the creation of a healthy Prohibition sentiment. PROHIBITION I.KADKRS. 1*1 KKV. ». I'. Al'STIN, B. A., H. I>.. I'riiuip.il ot Aliiiii Laili.-n l'ollf|{i.', St. TliKniH*, Oiil,, wiiH b«>rii S»'pl. ii, iM^ci, in ilu- lowii- «lii|i 111' MiIkIiIoii, Out. Ill« |wtiriil<<, K. K. A noli II .iiul Mai'\' Aim Mi*iitiirf, «i'H' 111 Kii^fiiNli- Irisli ■■xirai'lloii, hiil I'.iiiiiilian liirlli. AIU*r a i'i>iiiHi* ill llir Hri^htiiii iiraiii- ni a r S i- li o o\ li r ta'i;;lil nrluiol lour Vi-ai-.. tlii'ti fnl*'r»'il till' MrlliiHliHt mill- i'.li \ , alliT wliirS lir alli'iulfil Allifil I'liivriNii V. Hi'lii'- villf, ((riutii.iliii); H. A. ill iS77.aiul I). II. ill iH»tla\v,i, .iiltl al'liT his stH-oiul a|>|H)inl- iiiiMil t >i i>lla\va .\l i' t r ti p o I i I a II I'liiiivli was fji't ti'tl I'lt'siili'tit lit' .Miiia I iilli-K.- in iSHi , wliirli |ti>si(iiiii III* liassiiu'i' lillfil. Ill- has bfiMi a lil'i'-lonn IVoliihilionisI, having hi-i-ii proiiiini'iilly riiti- lU'i'ti'il with lh»' I'nilfii TiMnptTaiivi' .Xssiii'i.-iiion, alUTwarils ihr Hrilish Irinplars, nmv llii- K. !'. iil r.,.iiul liir two yrars lo-rtlitni iil'lhfir papiM-, "'llu' Ti'inpfiaiui" I'limn, with the llmi. lli-ii. \'.. KiisliT, luuv .MinisiiT i>t' l'"iii;tni*t' lor llu* noniinion. lli- Wi'is oiif of the N<-\v I'.irly h'.iili'is in I HS<) |H<)(), .iml has spoken rn-ipifiilly in tlu' prinrip.'il ritii's ot' i^nl.'irio I'tM' IN'ohibilion *'wilh a I'aiiy hfliiiul it." Ill' I'llili'il "Tlu' M. K. I'lilpil ' in iHji); pnhlisht'il *'Sins of tlu* Tinu's" {srrnuins) in iHHo; "Tlu' liiispi'j to tlu* Poiir vs. IVw Ri'iits in 1HS4; "Tho Josuits' in |KS<) (5 I'tjiiions, J5,ooo|, and till' saiiu- voai', "Woin.in ; Iut t'liiirarti-r, I'lillinv ,iiu| CallinK' .MI.S.S ||KI.K.\ roriKK, "niaiiiati. Riail.T and lin|HT. sonalor mid l«'fii|HM'«in'«' ri'lornu'r, w«i« burn in i'l'iilral Now York, IVi'. 7, iHj7. — i lll'l lilthlT, ,\sH 1 Anil's I'otirr, was fioiii till' K. I. braiu'h ol that fain- il\ , wluTi'iii art' s4> many litciary nti-i) and di( int'sj hfr III o I li I' r , I. u I' y I'h.iiiipion, was of Kn^lisll ili'st'cnl, a woman oi ^(I'ni'roiis and slioii^ly n'li>{- ions natiirt'. From the loriiUT slit' tn- lifiiti'd indivliliial- ily ; f 0111 thr lallor, I'nilnisiasiii and a liiii' voiii'i from I'otli, rxlraordiii.'iry lu'.iltli ,ind \ itaiity. Miss I'oiii'r is pii'- i'inini'iill> a liii-nd anil adxiHato for 1 h r » I' a k a n d oppii'Hsi'd I'vi-rv- wlu'iv, i lll'l II din^ till' lirl|>li'ss dumb animals. Thirl y y 1' .'1 r s a ^ o s li t» travi'lli'il ii/otif whrii' duty rallrd. Tlii'ii it was unpopular for woman's \oiri' tii hi* hi'aril in publii' plai't's, Shi* spoko whiTi-viT it si'i'iiii'il ni'i'i'ssarv \>y .'iilvisabli*. Mrs. St.-inton, anil Miss .\iilhony, and John H. I'lOiiKh, ri'iojciii/iiiK tho fart that, throuj;!i till' yi'ars of lirr l.\'i'i'iiin work, slu' ri'arhi'il Ihoiisanils of pt'oplo who roiilil not bo ri'atlii'il diii'illv upon llio subji'its of ii'inprr- ;ini'i' :intl daiu'liisi', ili'i-|;iri'il; "N'ou li.tvt' ilom* .'is nuii'h for our I'aiisi" ;is ;iiiy oiu' ot' our luiiiih.'i'. " 'I'liroii^h tlu' l.yi'ouin, liiin- ilri'ils of short Pri>. It'i'tiiri's.'inil Woman's Kraiu'liiso s|H'oi'|u*s liavf bi't'ii ^jivi'ii by bor to aniiisi'ini*iil-lovin^ pi'opli*. Slio was Di'li'- >;ato I'lom .Mas-,, to tho World's W. <.". T. l'., in London in iH>)s. MKS. KI.IZA AI.ICK Mi MA.STKR, founiy IVosid.-nl W. C. T. I'., was born .April .'7th, iS^i), in Iri'Ws, IVvonshiri'. Kn^laiiil. lli'r pai- I'tils wi'if Kdw.ird lUivi'is aiul .Maria L'hanibt'rl.'iin. Slio was I'd ui'at I'll at L'hi'irton 1' b i I z I'ayiii' and Tiverton Si'iiiin.-ii'ios, Povoii- shiri", Kn^-land. She lanu- to t'anada witli hor parents in iX.Sd, md settled in Sidney township. She laiiKbl in the publii' seluiols four Vi'.'irs, anil was mar- ried to J. R. .Me- .\lasler in 1864. They have two promisinjr boys- total abstainers. S li e b e 1 1» n i; e tl to the Kpiseopal C'lKireh. but was e on V e r t eil, a n d joined the .Metboil- istChineli ;it twenty yt'.'irs of a>{e. This she considers the most important event of hpr life. She is a Conservative in her politie.il prefer- enees, but not .t partisan in any sense, but would support aiiv parly .-irrivinj^: <'it Iriii' reform, and espeeiallv .'iiu p.-iiiy .-iilvii- eatiii^ total Prohibition. She is aetivelv identilieii with the W. M. S., the R. T. of T., and the W. ».'. T. V. She now holds the presidency of the I.oi'.il L'nion in Campbellforil, Ont., her home, and also in her County. She is one of the jjreat host of noble worker), raised up for Cmd and Home ami every land by that devoted and eloipienl wom.in, Mrs. L. A'oumans. Mrs. MeM.is- ler, while a life-lonjf frienil of teniperanie, has only been an active worker in the '-ause for the last ten or twelve years. RKV. W. nKMPSIKK (.MASK, .M.A., was born in Water- town. .N'. Y. His parents were Rev. Sipiin Chase and l.vdia HeUlinj; Chase. He is a .Methodist. His father w.is one of the leading; minis- ters in the old Hl.ick River Conference in New York State, ami became a Mis- sion.iry to .Africa, and tin, illy was .Supeiin lenileiit of the .Siberi.i .Mission. Rev. Dempst er Ch.ise was forlun- .11 e in having' .is his |)rep iialory school l'".illev Seniinarv, I'lillon, \. \. His Alm.i .M.iler is Wes- leyan Cniversily, Conn., where he was >f r .1 d II .1 1 e d amoii^ "the honor men" of his class. Soon after bis K I .1 d 11 a t i o n h e sei \ed as Chaplain in the Civil War. I')ininjf his ministry he has been sta- tioned at Herkimer, (.ioverneiir, I'ilton, C.in)''en, and in the cities of Watertown, Syracuse and L'lica, ,'iiul is now the pastor of the Kirst M. K. Church in the city of Ojfdensbur^f. When the Reform Movement was at its heijjhl he w.is pastor in I'tica and i;ave him- self tl. the platform with special purpose. He has been for years identilied with the Ci. T. In local battles he has helivd to do some "h.ird pounding' " for local Prohibition. He does not believe in license in ;iny lorm. He believes the ){ood victory will come in bis way, or another's, and prays that God will brinj{ the blessed day up the sky soon. For the friends .md graduates of Kalley Sem'y he edited "History and Reunion of Falley Seminary." \ 132 PROHIBITION LEADERS. THEOBALD MATHFAV, hettcv known, however, as 'Katlier" Mathew, was born near C ashel, Irolantl. Ocl. lo. 1700, anil ilioil in - lif C'lun rh, spiMulin^ sonu' I inu* at tlu* ri'Ifhraled Ma y- noot I) C o 1 U' ^ I' , wiiii'li lu' iMiliMfii in 1S07, aiul riMtipli't- inj; his stuilit's at nnblin. IK' w.is onlaiiu'ii in 1S14, anil be^an tiiission work in Kilki-nny ami Cork, joitiin>; the Caput liins wliile 1 a bo r i I. ^ at t he former phue. I ( was ;it Cork that h*- beeanie deepl\ in- terested in teniper- a n e e .. iirk, and assi«.;i*d in iMx-m- i/inj^ the Cork 'i'i>lal Abslinenee Soriety, wliii h starleil out in 1S3S with a niein- ^ bersliip oi' sixty. Me then began his wonderful career oi' leeturinj^ and organizinj^, travelling through dreat Hritain and Ireland and the I'nited States, wonderful sueeess attending him. He oblain-'d over a million and a half signatures to his pledge in Irel<. .une, the year 1S40 being the most remarkable in the work. Hetween 1S35 and 1S41 there was a falling oft" of between five and six million gallons in the consumption of spirits in Ireland a startling proof of the need and siieeess oi' his mission. Over (xxj.ooo signed the pledge in America. While \'ice-!'res. of the I'nited Kingdom .Alli- ance in iS5^he said : *' The principle of Prohibition seems to me the only safe and certain remedy for the evils of intemperance." REV. El'GKNE W. VAN DEVKNTER, P.O., was born in Cass County, Mich., and educated in Western schools and on lifesbatlletield. He . ^ -^ — enteri'il the ministry r ' oi the Methodist Church in 1^7-', and has occupied some pr«>minent pulpit s. anil at pi esent is the Superinti'ndent o\ the Nevada Mis- sion M. K. L'hurch. Early in his minis- try he saw the need ot e.'irnest, aggres- sive t emperance work. I>uring the campaign foi l*to- hibilion in the Slate o f K a n s a s . he laboieil incessantly on the ri>slruni and through the press. He is well known I'crsonalh in Kan- sas, California, u ul Nevada as a tem- perance w o r k e r and lecturer. Many thousands of his lec- tures, " Thieves in the Temple. Turn ihe.Rasc.'ils Out," '* Mischief Workers and Evil Counselors in the City." were published and freely circulated in Nebraska, the IXi- kotas, California, and Pennsylvania. He expects to be present at the g.and jubilee when the saloon will be '* counted out, " aiul the home "counted in" in the politics of the American nation. Then wife, babies, and the fireside will be of greater value than revenue. His Prohibition creed is, "If the saloon traflic in in- toxicants is a wide-spread and ever-growing evil, injurious to both the health and morals of the people, then, according to the highest authority in our nation, we have no right to continue it. No Legislature can bart^ain away the public health, or public morals." WENHKLL PHILLIPS, the peerless orator, was born in Hoston, Nov. .H), iSii, the eighth child t>f parents conspicuous for wealth, retine- inen t and social pi>siiion. I lis f.ithei" was (iisl Mavor of Hitsiori, anil Wen- di-ll graduati'il from llarvaril, near the heail itf his class in i.S^i, a?ul from the la w school ihri'e years later, begin- ning practici- at the SutVolkCo. Har. He might, with the ad- vantages at hand, have aspireil to almost anv ptdilic lii>iuM', but while yd a young man cast in his lot with t he ilespiscd Abo- lilionists leii bv Wm. Lloyd C-^irrl son, then publis!nng ihe " Libera tor." 1 lis niaiiliMi s|.eecb a s a n anti-sla\ery orator was made Novendier. iS^. in Kaneuil Hall. Bos- ton, at a public mei-ting calleil lo consider ihc assassination of Rev. Elijah Lovejoy. The address moved the I'udience to thun- derous applause. Ot\ account of this speech he was ostracised by the New England arisii>cracy. He persistetl, through ol>loi|uy and misrepresentatioirs, for lour years, until the war brought emancipation. He was a zealous ailvocate o( woman sidVrage, labor reform, and lemperanci*. In 1H70 he was nominated for Ciov. of Mass. by the Labor Reform and Prohibition parties of Mass. In his letter oi' acceptance he declareil, "The only bul- wark against the e\ils of intemperance is Prohibition; this can only be secured by means of a ilistinct political organization." HENRY VESEV COIAT.OCC.H, Secy. o\ the Prohibition Partv of the Twenty-hflh District, New York, was born in 1^*45 in Wcxtoid, I rcland. His familv still hold 1 he Monaslerv oi' rintern and estati' eoniu'c t eil there- with, (Mrmteil to Sir \nthon\ ^. lough by Ijueen Ehzabetli. The subject oi this sketch was edu- cated in the public schoi>ls anil 'I'rinity ^\>ilege, Dublin. In li'ligious bi'lief Mr. t'olclough is a Cni- tari.ui. He came out lo America ilur- ing the great anti- Ucnl agil a t ion iy\ Parn 11 anil other-,. I le pursued the s I u it y of 1 a w in WashingUm. D. (."., L;raduating in the I cquired com'se and being admitteil 1 1» Ihe i^ar in iH,Sj. In favor of temperance and open to convic- tion, he still had doubts about the correctness and practicability of Prohibition legislation until he witnesscil Ihe smprising eflects i>f this principle in Montgomery Co., Maryland. Afli'r investigat- ing the workings of Local Prohihititm in this county, and satisfying himself that fully ninety per cent, of all the crime had been de- stroyed by its inlluence, he .idopted and has since Innome a pub- lic advocate oi' l*rolnbition. He sidisequcnily removed to New York city. He was nominated \'ov judge by the I'rohibition Party it] iSi):^. He was married in 1S70 \o Catherine I'orstall, p( Edin- bur"gh, Scot la ml. She ilieil in 1HS8. _^ He has one son, who believes in and intends to work aiul vote for. !*robibition and hopes to see 'ita universal triuuiph. 4 if' PROHIBITION I.KADRRS. H3 I jOSKni H. Kl'C'KKK was horn at iW'oiKfl^'wn K\., Nov. |6. 1842. Kducated in that town, hi* hfj^an tho priiiliiij; hiisim-^s at ih. Ilf stTvoil ~~ - in ihf C'onf'i'ili'iati' army ihroujjh ihf Civil War, niuli'r t'.t-n.S. H. Huikiu-r. I\'at*' rt'stt>iTil, hi* rt'turiu'il to ihf prinliti^ olVuv . Hv publishi'd Mir I't's- sivcly Ihf C'u»i)rjff- town "liint's, thf CarriiUt(>n " l>i'int>- fral , W a r sa w "Ni'ws,' anil ihi- C flit ral Ki ninfkv *' Nf vv-..' In 1S75 hf hf^an tlif is- sue of thf Sonu'r- sot " Kepoi If I , " which j^rf w in pat- ro na^ f a n il t n - Htii-ni'f litl h;s ilfaili in i.S^j. In iM»(> hi' inaiTifit Miss Annii' Hainihon, ol l.i-x- in^U>n. Ilf halt, 1I is saiil, Hu" ^I'nlli'- m*ss anil s\-[npalh\ ol a woman, ami till' I'oma^i' ami fn- durancf ol'a man of" iron. A man ot" piavfr and tailh, hf was a lOnsislfMt fhurfli mfnd>fr tor iS Vfars. Thf last tfn Vfars of his lil'f hf was an artU'iit Prohiliitiimisi. For \fars hfloif his dfath hf was thf most fonspivious anil siuTf sstiil tof of thf a^^jfri'ssi\f and alarinin^^ sah-on inlUifiiif in SouuTsft. Oi\ llif nij^ht o\ Si'pt. u>, iK()j, whilf walking lionu* from liis otiiff, lu- was assassinalfil by a satoon-kff pf r, who shot liirn from a ilark allfy. Thf fiti/fns of' Somfisi't, rf^-ardin^^ him as a martyr, I'ifftftI a handsomf iiionunifnt i>vfr his j;ra\f to pfrpftnatf thf mfmory oi' his pulilif St. ;»■'• . His laithhil witf and tlnvf fhildrfn still livf^in thfir homf in Somfrsft. MRS. MAKTHA f. COLLINS was horn near St. Marys, Ohio, Jan, Ji, iH^t). IL-r parfnts, .\aion and Mary L'ox, were ^uakfrs, of stron^f tempf raiuf and anii-slavfry pio- flivilii's. Shf was filuratfd in thf puh- lif sfhools of" NfW Vienna, O. Atlfr sf V f I' a I years of" sm'fessCul tfafliiii)^ she was marrifd in 1H51) to John l>. Collins, and as- smnfil the duties ol' a farnu'i* s wttf. In i^6j hfi hushand a n s w e r e d his fountrys call, and marchi d with Shei- inan to lie sea, leavinj; her and their child with luT a^fil parents. where she assisted in all I lie out -door work of a I'aim, sidlerinjj the hardships and privations ol a sol- dier's wife. When a — — "— -■- litllf ^irl hfr lather took her to a Wash- i' >>:tonian meetin^f, wheif shf hrst signed the plfd^^f. In rflixion shf is a Prfsbyif rian. Has hefn iilfiitilied with thf 1. O. li. T., Sons (>f" Tempeiance, Missionary Societies oi her C'hurch, \V. R. C*. and \V. C". T. I'. In the last she was lor six yfars County I'rfsiiU'nl, has hffn County and Oislrict Supc rinliiidfiil ol" sev- fial imporl.tnl liiifs of work; for thf past six years Statf Supt. ol' Work amon^ railroad finpUnfcs in Illinois W'. C". T. V. She is a pioneer^in the Prohibition I'artv. lias twice rfprfsi-ntfd lu-r Dis- trict in Slalf Prohibition, National and Worlds W. C. T. I'. Con- vfntioiis. Hfin^ an fanifst, pfrsislfut woman, slie has aceom- ptished much lor the cause shf loves -temperance and Prohibition. ESTIIKK Pl'C'ill, one of the prominent leaders Ky\' the \V. C*. T. U., ci>mes of radical ancestry. Her fallu'r was of thf original Krifuils who latiif "^ t o Pf nnsyl vani.t w i t h Pfiin. II e r mother, o\' Hugue- not line, who after- wards came into the Friends" com- munion in tlu> \'al- ley ot the James, in \ irj;iiiia. Her f.illi- fi published "The Philanthropist," ihf e a r I y anti-slaverv paper in the .Miss- issippi X'allev in the Ihirtif s, anil was rf- warilfil with soiial ostracism :ind thf df siiuilion oi his IMinlinji otticf ami |M *ipf It \ b V mob \ loll mi'. Miss Pu^^h was filucati'il at home by hfr moth- er. Shf fnlfifd thf I li^■h Schiu>l al i ^^, Itcy; 11 tf.-ichin)^- al Id, and alter her father's removal to Wayiifsville, C")hio, still taught occasionally, but devolfd most oi' her attfiition to C'hurch work. When Ihf W. C. T. V. Praying Hands crystallized into pfrmancnl orjjani/ations, Iut services werf in j^tfat dfmanil in many olVuial positions. Thf family rf- niovin^ to Cincinnati in 1H75, she prosfculcd thf W. C". T. C. work with enerj^y and success in liiat cilv. She was Treasmer of the Nat. W. C, T. C from 1S77 to iHi)v She ser\ed nine years as National Treasurer, witiiou! salary. She edited the national orjjan, "Our I'nion," in 1S7H-70. anil was its publislu'r in 1S80-1. For two years she was in the field as or^ani/er for the Ohio Women's Christian Temperance I'nion, and ioi two years Corresponding Secretary. She is a strong Party Prohibitionist. CiKOKC.K R. SCOTT, widely known as one of the editors of the New York " Witness,' was born in the town of Foulshani. Norfi>lk C'o., Kng., in iS^ih- lit' 'I t - tended the public sfhools until 13, when he began to learn the printer's trade. In 1H48 he catiie to A merica, and located in the cil\ oi Hrooklyii. In iHj^O he took an en- thusiastic part in the Freeniont cam- paign, and four ye.'irs later voted tor .Abiaham Lin- coln. He cast his last Republican vote fi>r Cicn. Clar- ficld, being some- what in doubt as to wiietfier he was do- ing the best thing he knew i\^r his couni r v . When John P." St. John was nominated for the Piesidency by the Prohibitionists, in 1S84, he gave his heart to the Prohibition Party, and all his energies to swelling the Prohibitiiui vi>te. He has long been a proHhc wrilf Prohibition, not only in the columns oi the "Wilufss, " but in i>thfr pfriodiials as well. He has spoken forcibly in advocacy of the principles oi' the Prohibition Party in almost every State of the I'tiion, and actively assisted in many campaigns. He is a Methodist i>f a broad :uid catholic spirit, and freely fraiK i"i:«7es with all Christians in every moral and political reform. His home is in Hay Ridge, in the Slate of New York. I'l/ ta4 PROHIBITION LEADERS. h LAMBKRTIS H. LOt.AN, chairman ot tlu- I'mliihiiioii Stale Kxfi'utivi" C\>inmilli*r of l>liu>, was horn on Srpit'inlH'r jolh, 1S50, ii) C'li'Vflaiul, Ohio. Mis fathiT, John Lt>>ifan, »> f Srottanit, anil Itis niolht'i, K*isi' v.>tis, o( liflanil, farnt' li> t.>hio in iMilv yi>nlh. I.anilii'i'tis was ihIii- tatotl in llu' thsirirl siluiols, at Ihnnis- ton Insliluli', anil at \oIrt' I'»anu', Iml. Aiiniillt'il lo prar- tii'i* in thi' I'iitnis ol OWu\ May, iS;^^, ht* siutn hi'canu' lU'fpIy inU'ri'sii'il in t h c I i>l a I a hsi iniMU't' inovrnuMil anil was inaili* St'iii'laiy iit Stall* i^ii^ani/aliixi. ilontj;' sui'i'i'sstul ri'- vival WiM'k tor tour \ oars, 1 lo si*r\i'il as SooriMary of tho j^roat I. oral i)plion i.'onvi'nlions ol his Slati' from iSji) to iSSj. Ho has sini'o takt'n part in all Stato ami National C'onviMUions. In iSSi^ho was nominaloil tor LioutiMiant-liovornor ^i' his Slato. Siiuo iSi)j lio lias htvn Chairman o( tho Slato Kxt'inlivo I'omniillot' ol' i>liio. In 18SS and iSSi) wo hiul him piiMishin^ various ilaily, wookly and nionthlv papors al N'oiinj^siown, i>hio, and situ'o iSSjn, an im- portant monthly, "Amorioan i*"ish, Kish Cnitinv, and Kishin>^. ' Mo is a nu'inhor of iho Knights ot' Maoiahoos, I. O. (.». T., Toniplo of" Honor, and Sons ol' 'roniporaiut'. Mo was niarriod i^itidior 15th, 1S71), to Miss Anna Miller, Canal Oovor, Ohio, and has two sons anil one ilaii^'hlor. Ho has dono jj;"ranil work tor Proliihition in many ways, hut oxiols as an ahlo, oloquont, and ofFectivc spoakor. \VM. OANIKL was born in Somorsot Co., Md., Jan. J4, iS_'6, and graduated troni Piikinson i.'olloj^o in 1H4S. \\c prailiood law h\>ni 1S51 to 1S5S in his nativo i'»»nnt v, anil has sinro piai'- tiood in Haltimoiv. I I o w .1 s o 1 1' o I o d twioo lo roprosont his oounly in tho llouso i>r iVIoi^atos and onoo in iho So.iato ol llu- Mary- I a n il I.i'i;isL'.l\n'o, anil sini'i' his r o- nu»val to Hallinioro ( iSt>.^) was oloilod a niomhor ot iho Slato t"on-.litutional L\mi- vonlion . >m Halli- nioro, t a K i n y- a proininonl pa r I in I h o m.'asuros To r Iho omaui-ipalion ot tho slavi's. Mo was V o n V o r t o il a n d unitod with llio M. K. (.'lunvli in 1S4K, .ami li a s ooi'upioil m my prominont positions. Mo w.as (irst a Whij^^, then a Kepuhl ioan, anil slme a l'rahlhitii>nisl. When lirsl a inemhor ot" tho Slate l.ej^is- latnre he took a prominent part in an .i>^^itation ("or Stale Proliihi- tion, and in 1H5S, when in Ihe Senate, had onaeted a stiin^ont I'lohihition law for his nativt- ilislriet the MrsI law of the kind in the State. This law is still in foree. Me took a prominent part in orj;ani/in)^ Stale Temperame .AUi.anee of Md. and was Pros. twelve years. Me soon .after heeamo State Chairman of Ihe Pro- hibition Party and serveil three years. In 18S4 he was oandidale of the Prohibition Party for the Viee-Presideney, haviu),? ex-Clov. St. John as ei>llea)fue. Me is also founder and president oi' the famous tiJyndon Park Prohibition Camp Ground. PKl>K. SAMCI'M. niCKIK, eihuator and temper.anee advo- oale, was horn in Ihe C'ounlv o\' Oxford, i^ntario, June 6lh, 1851. I.aler the faniil\ re- moved lo Lansin^i;^, M iehi>ra n, where \ oini).; niikie at- (endoil till' puhtie si'hools, until he en- tereii Albion Col- lege, from whirh he reiei\eii the dej^ree of M.S in 187J. Me was Superinlentier.t oi Sihools at Masl- itij^s until iS77,lhen, until 1S88, Professor of Aslrononi', anil Pliysirs al his Alma .\laler. Meatlained ^^real popularity as a teaeher. When he reaihed his major- ity he albliateil with t it e Pi ohibilion Parly, with whieh he has since voted on all National and State issues. Our- iiijT tlu' session of Ihe N.ttional Prohi- bit ion Convention in Pitlsbur^^, in 1884, ho oeeupied Ihe ehair, and two years later he was his party's ea; didale for Covernor in Miihiijan, polling; a third more votes than St. John reeeived as Presidential Candidate two \ears previous. Mis eonihiel of ihe e.impai^n of 1887 on the ijuestion of plaeinj^'- the Prohibition ela\ise in Ihe Mirhi^an Cotistitulion, tixeil the oyos of Iho Prohihilionists of the nation upon him, ami he was eloi lod Chairman of the National Commit- tee. For fivi' years he had his headiiuarters in New York City, but in i8()3 he reniovi-il them to Albion. Profess.ir Piekie is a man ol methoil and unlirinj; ener^'v, a pleasant eompanion, a slronj^and eonvinein^^ speaker, and thoroughly devoted lo the eause he has espouseil. C. M. SMKIMIKKH, editor and publisher of Ihe '*Anti- Tobaeeo Ciem," was hoin in I>over, N. M., Jan. 31, 1837. Mis parents, K/ra Shep- herd, of OeerHeld, N. M., and I.ydia 1- reneh, of New- ma rke I, N. M., were of Kn^lish ili'soent. Me is an \dvenlisl in relig- ion, and an aelivi* t.'hrislian Kmlea v- .>i IT. In politii's he IN Kcpuhliean, hut when Ihe nuesiion IS involved always 1.0I0S "no lieense." I le was postmaster in the \ i I I a j^e i Merlin, N. M ' wliere he now lives undi'r Ihe ailminis- tralion of .Abraham l.ineoln. In 1882, w h i 1 e ri'ail i u^ :i lenijn'ranee news- paper, he bei'.'ime e o n V i n e e il I hat niori> a t 1 1' n I i o n slunilil be )^iven to the lobaeei> plag^ue as a twin evil to l!ie drink eurse, and this lod lo his be^:inninjr the "Anii-Tobaeeo Ciem,' whieh has now an extensive eireiilation over all parts of the Cnion .and various parts of Canada. The "Ciem" has been instrumenlal in instruelin^" anil warning- vast numhi'rs of vouth .iifainst the pernieious tobaei'o h.ibil, ami eneouraj^^in^ inslanees have eonio lo lij^;!)! where its short and pointed artieles and iliieel appeals have been iietrinnenlal in reforminj^ men addieted to strong drink. Mr. Shepheril (inds in these indieations of useful- ness a reward t'oi' his selt-ilenviiiH" labors in behalf of the "Ciem " and of moral reform. Mis wife is an aetive reform worker, and a sympathetie helper in his erusade a>;ainst tobaeeo and rum. PROHIBIT ION LEADERS. 1*5 MlLllAKl. JOSKI'll lANMNi; wi^^ born in llir villiiK'.- of Garry OiitT, Ircliinil, Si-pl. d, 1849, bill left hvl.uul in inlaiuv wiili his pari'iits, uhi> . — — - . sftlli'tl lur i't liint'.'il I llii'n al Milan, i^hio. ^^^^ wlii'ft* lu' alU'niti'il ^^0|P|Pli^^^ si'Ik>i>1 lor ^^f^-- ^\ " '■ li'aiiu'il ihf ^^m \ iiiai'hinisi liaili' ^H 1 Norwiilk, (.)liio. ^H _^ On i.^rd ^^y ^m^'^^^l J >>'<•'< iKHo, inarrifil in Jaikson, Mil'!)., wliiTf bo ni>\v rt'siiU's. Mrs. h'annin^ synipa- thi/.i'si'orilially wilb hiT hitsbanil's work foi rrobibiiion. 'I'lu'v liavf l\)nr I iiiUli'fn. As a ln»y \u' was a int'inbt'r of a i'hililr't'n's It'Mi- pi'ianri- soi'it'ly in Milan, aiul li.'is siiu't' '■iHMi iilrntitii'il with ni;in\- tit Uu* l>riK'i's. In iH,Hs ami iSHCilu- w.'is Ivi'prt'siMitativf lo ih.- K. w. c;. I,. ol I. O. c;. T. Iroin llif C'ir.-Mul l.oilm' ol' Miilii)fan. Ilf icll llu' IV'inoi lalii- I'arly in 1H7S aiul joiiuHl llu' Prohibititinisls. Ili' was llu-ir i-aiuliilali> for Stall' Aiiilitoi' in Oliio in 1S71). In iSS.- ho was pri'si'iit in (.'liii ajfo as a I'l'pri'si'iit.ativr IVoni Mii'ht^:ii) al liii- i."i>ntori'ni'i* ,'il uliii'h llu* union of llie I'rohibitioii I'.irly ;inil tlif Homo I'roloilion I'arly was olVooloil. Ilo was Miihiijan Holoijalo to iho National I'rii- hibilion L'oiiNontion al I'ittsbuix in iJ^I^-^. Ho has ^iviMi his wholo limo lor sonio yoars lo tlio plaHoriii work of tho I'arly, anil is in conslanl doinaiul as a spoakor anil or).:;ani/or. Ilo is Ch.'iir- nian of llio MiohiK;an Conlral L'oniinitloo of ibo I'robibilloii I'arly. DK. JAMKS KKITTON CR.WI-II. was born in I'arkor Co., Toxas, in iH^y. Koarod on llio farm, ho onjovod a low months inpnblii'sohool iNU'h yi'arilnrin^ .1 porioil of his yon I h. Ho spont Iwi> \i'arsasa oowboy, with his books tioil to llio sadillo Ih.il hoini^hl sillily ,'dl his sparo linio. .\ loaohor in t'r.-iwforil ,'it iij, ho horo mot, tin* fol- lowint;' \*';ii', .Miss 1^11 io.Mlon, and mar- rioil hi'r. Soon af- loi ho bo)f;in his nu'ilio.'ilslnilios, sui'- i-ossfnlly I'oinplol- in^, tlli'il bo^.'in tho pr.'u'lioo ot his pi-o- fossii>ii. In iSSi hi' bi'^'an publishing .'i sm.ill papor, I ho " I'llfort," and Iho following vi'ar llu- "U'ookly.Ailv.imo.' Inlholallor hoopoii- ly ♦'spoiisod I'rohi- bitioii, .'Mill in.ido Iho papor a lolt powor Ihroujflioiil Iho Stato. .\n aiilonl noinoorat, ho inlrodiiood a resolution against tho lii|iior Ir.illio in Iho nomoor.il C'onvoiilioii at Houston, ami it w.is promptly t.ibloil. l.alor, in iSWi, boiii); oonviiiiod tlioio was no liopo of soiin in;.; I'rohibilion through his p.'irly, III' Ii'fl il iiml inoi'oi'iloil ti> ori;;ini/o llio Prohibition I'artv in Toxas. In .\iimist, iH8(), ho o.illod Iho first I'loliihilion I'arly Convontioii of Tox.is. It mol SopI 'inbor 7th, and nominalod a Slalo liokol, wliioh pollod ii>,iKX) volos in Novonibor. \li- was ordainod a RaplisI pio.uhoi at Waoo, i.''i40. For sovoral voars lie -.vas Chairniaii of llio Stato I'Tohibilion Commiltoo, and is now a nionibor from Toxas of tho National I'rohibilion I'ommilloo. He odils the " Toxas HaplisI Standard. " .MUS. DKl.l.K C. 11. COX, I'rosidonl liasl Washington \V. I.'. T. I'., was born in Illinois July 6, iK^.v Hor parents were William C°. :ind Jane Kiiii'rv Himlin^ton. .Sho ^avi' I'viiloiu'o, in lior o.'irlv ohilil- liooil , oi u niisiia t ability. Having ,1 ^ri'.'il ihirsl for k no wli'ilj^o, she lorj^otl for herself opporl unit ios lor ai-ipiirin^; an oiliioa- lion. Hi'r ^.^irlhood was spi'iii in tho Ihon b.-iokwooils oi Wisi'onsin. Shi* lonimoiu'od leaoh- inj,^ al 15. Her nil' I hods in I h e srliool-roi>m wer--^ ori^'in.'il, anil won siioi'oss. Wlii'ii 17 slit' rt'iiioM'il, wilh hor poopli', to Kan- sas. Hoi'o she le- Mi.iinoil niilil 1890, i.ikiiiL; pari in llie j I lioroii- strii^-jflos for I ,1 I'rohibitory l.iw i ■ '—■ ami its I'liforoe- monl. Sho soon booamo well known. For Iwolvo \oars sho li.is boon a self- saerihoiiiff worker in Iho W. C T. I'., .-id\aiioiii>f r.ipiilly from l.ooal, t'ounly, Histriol, ami Slalo l.oolurer to thai of National llrffanizor, wliioh olVuo sho has hold (or live yoars, .inil is now also serving; hor soiond torni as I'losidoiil of Kast Washln>;loii. Sho was ina'iioil when ji lo .\. C I'ox, ;iiul in iHijo romovod with him and only liviiii; il.iiinhlor to Nowboij;, l>ro>;oii. She has worked from the pl.illoini ;inil press for the I'lohibition Party in Kans.is, Ori'min .inil Washington, but wilhal, I'.irrios the spirit of Iho Master, and is siuoossfiil in ovaiifjolisiio .inil revival work. Her homo is with hor hiishaml and daiinhtor, in I'Mlensbui fj. Wash. WII.I.I,\M IIKNRY Kl.nUIIH'.K, A. H., odilor of "Tho Ti'mpor.'im'o Horalil, " was born in I'^'ist .Mitlilli-biirv, \'t., Jiilv 23, 187^^. His parents wore C'loo. H. Eld- riil^i' ;inil l.izzie jiiilj^o. \\c was I'lhii'aloil in .Miildli'- bury Hij^li Sohool a n il .M i il il I o b 11 r y t'oili'jifo, from wliioh ho ^r.'iilu.'tti'il in Jimo, 181)5. He is ;iii abstainer from you 111, and very early boi'ami' aetivi' in I o m po ra n e e work, boin^' oleoled lo Iho hi^hosl oftii'e ill the liu'.il c;. T. loil^o when but 14 yoars of a>;e. He w .'IS one of the fo 11 n il o r s ot' the Middlobnry Collejje Prohibition Club ;iiiil its first \'iee- Pros. 1 11 Sop. , 1 81)4, ho took i"h;ir^e of t ho ** Ti'inpi'ranee Honild, the month- ly orj^an of Iho Ver- mont (ir.'iml l.i>d}^ei .'iflor I'ollo^fo study- ing hi I. O. ("i. T., and by workiii^f late .it ^ ^ hours, made it the most popular and inlliienlial in its history. In his senior vi'ar in i'olli');'o ho oix-anizoil thi' soi'oiul l.-irj^osl inimher of I"., r. lodifos of ;iny nopnty. His first vole w.is oasl for Pro- lilbilion. Ilo is ,) monibor of the Int. .Sup. J.odno, I. O. O. T. ! has boon a mi'inbi'r oi llu* \'i*rmoiit iiranil l.iulj^i* four ye.'irs, of wliioh ho was (ir.-iml MosM'iijfi*r lwi> ye.'irs, ami is now Cirand Marslial. Ilo is .1 niember of Iho llreek-lotler oollo^fo fr.'itornity of Oolla Kapp.'i Kpsilon. He is Or>;ani/er for the I. O. C"i. T., and at the ajjo of .'j is one of Iho younjjost loniporaiuo editors in the rniled Slates. Ho losidesat Fast Middlobiirv, \l. ia6 PROHIBITION LEADERS. SAM \V. SMAM.. A. M., \\ l\, was horn in Knoxvillo. Tonn., July .k^I. '*^.SI. *>' Svotih aiu) Ktj^jlish anrosiry. As tar hark as I'a n hi* ! J Irai't'tl Ihi' lamily is not t'tl io r Total Ahstinrnrt' priiu'i- pU's. Atti-r ^;ooil prrliiniiiarv sihool- \u^t mn\ slrirt rcli^- iixis (raining tioin his Mi'thiulist niotli- iM ami l*rfsi>yit'i ian i^raniltaUuT, lie i-ii- UTtnl Kini>ry anil Hi'nrv C'oIIt'^i* In S. W.' \a., ^M-aihi- alin);* \sc\\ up in his I'lassfs. Ho was Tor a (iinf fxpross nu'ssi'iijiiT hilwi'fii Ni'w l.>rli'ans aiul Mo)iili>. \\c Ihi-n roniovt'il lo Na'-h- vilU' ami sinilifii taw, .'Mul prai'lii'iHJ ("or sonu- tinu' wtlh jfrrat siuci'ss. I Ii* s\>on lictaiiu' ilis>i- patinl atKJ lost many opport unit it's o I' ailvaniomon t. In rS75 lir ivmovoil lo Cioor^ia ;ind took a position on "Tlir Atlanta t'onstitiiltoii, " w- mainin>^ six years, ami attaining; fronsiiUTal>tf pi>))ulaiitv hy liis i'ontrihulions iiiuK'r Iho souhritpu't "^.^lii Si." \W this tiint' lu' was a lontirim'tl ilrunkard. Hnt in Sept., 1SS5, lio alli'mlt'il a nu'olinj^ lu'Ui hv tlu* Kt-v. Sam Ji>m's in C'ai ti*rs\ illo, lia., aiul was i"oiut*ri('iI. IK' imnifiliati'h In'j^an ovanKi'Iislii-, ti'inpt-ram't' anvi Proiiihition work. Was a nu'inhi-r of tlu* Nat. I'ro. t.on. ot iSSS; om* of its Kxfi'utivt', anil tlu'Partvs i-amliilati- tor Stato Sonator troin the Atlanta Oistrirt in iSSS, ami for C"on>jrt'ss in iSqj. Ho loil llio jjroat oanip.'ii^n in \iMf*>lk, \'a., whioli rosiMioii tho oity from rum nilo in May, i8t^. Mariioil Miss Anno I. ArnoUi in i^7.V JAMES BKl'TON I'.AMHUKI.I.. I\ P., was liorn in Amior- SOi Co., S. C, .\ii^^. _• 1 , 1S41, liiit was roaii'ii iVom |N numtlis old iti Mississippi. I U' was oiltuati'il in tlio pnhlio si-lu»ols, (in- ishln^ at tlu I'ni- vorsily o\' Missis- sippi. Ho saw tour Vi'ais sor\ ioo in ilio Confodorato Army, rotnniing^ as (.'apt, ot' Si'oul s, (.\>n- vorlod at 15, lio joinoil I ho Baptist Cluiroli. At 22 lio wasmarrioil li» Miss Mary T. C'orholl, of N'irj^.M ia. I lo on- lorod till' 'lj:ptist ministry lu iSOS. Aftor sovoral vi ns in tho pastorati- ho was ohosoii lo odil "Tho Haptist !\ooor»i," tho orj^an o( tho Mississippi Haptists. \\c 0011- t iiuioil tliis work tif- loon \i-ars. In litis orj;an ho opoiioil tho ^:ro:it fi.yht for Prifhihilion in Miss, hy a series of fivo articles on "Tho MaloTiloss Kvil." W'InIo oilitor he was aotive as a Proiiihition speaker; siifnetl tho fnst tall \'ov a Convention in Miss.; was Chairman of tho State Kxoouti\o t"orn- njittee, ami aided his son, Khodoriok I>tm. in starting "The SwtMii and Shii'UI. " He was rather imiepondent in pitlilios, Imt aiiloil the DemooTats when tliey put up j^ood men. The anti-snmpluary plank settled it ; he openly deolared for tho Prohihilion Party and has stood hy it ever sinre. He stands hi^li in the Ctumoils ol his Chureh, hein^; prominently oonneetod with its oduoational and evan^elistte work, and is now Ptfsidont of Mereor I'niversity. The deirrot' of D. I), was y^iven him hy Kurman Cniversitv, S. C. WH.I.AUn O. WVI.IK, Grand Chief Templar o( tho Mass. I.i>.ll. T., was horn at .\owhnrypoi t, Mass., I)eo. J5, iHtiZ ; re- nu>vin)4: to Ht'verly, Mass. , in early yiMilh, his present hitme. He joinoil Ihe 1. I). C..'T. in iSSj, waselootodC.. C. in iKt>o, Ci.l'.T. unaniint>nsly iniS()4. a n il ro-oli'oloil 1 n i>'()3. In tHi)i he was I'loi- 1 od .'iltoi- nato ri'pii'sont alive \o ll o Sup. I,oil);e s*'ssii>ii ot llio C*. T. ;il Kilinhuri;!), Soot- laml. In l^(),ll)o was C' ha irm.'in ol' t ho Mass. ileloy.ilion lo tho IVs Miiinos ses- sion, ami in l^'(>5 i'liairman o f t h o di'lo^atii>n to t h o Boston, Mass., sos- s i o n . A I I) e s Moines he sooui'oil tho soloolion t>f l^os- ton .'IS Ihe next Ci>n- ventioit seat, serv- ii>^ as Chairman i'lf the Mass. Ueooption Commilteo with so nnioh ahility as ti» win manv laurels, iiood Templary has m.-uK- Mr. Wylio tin* powerful advi>oato Ihal ho is o( Ihe j;io;it temporanoe reform. It j^avo Inin that >;roat hium, a ^■oi>d wife, :uul, not withstatulin); his^;roaI .loiivitv, thoro are fewer ploasanlor Immos than llial made liy those lwi>, with ihoir little >^irls, Milihi^l ami Kililli. \\v is a Proliiliilionist in ))olilios, havin^' boon a oamliil.ile tor numerous tooal lumors, ami in iS()5 was nomiiKitOii on llu' State tiokol for Si'orolary o( State. \\v is a momhor of the S. ot I", and Royal Aroanum, \'iee-Pres. o\' the Mass. Total Ahstinenee Soe,, and l>irootiM' i»f the .Mass. Mutual Aid Assooi;ition. \\c is a live younj; Prohihilionisi. \V. SC, 1H50, ami spent liis early life in A ll a in s Co. His faliu'i-, Joseph Lil- tli', was ori^^inalK from Washington County, Pa. His in o t h o r , whoso maiilon name was M.irv Whiti', w a s tr.un 'ionnossoo. \\c is, in tlu- main, a solt-mado man. He ri'nuivoil from C^imppoint, 111., to l.a Plata, Mo., in iSd^, wlioio he m>w I esidos. A mt'itdior of t 10 li, T. sinoo i.|. ho has hi-on an aotivi' worker. \\c has \o\iy^ been re- j^.'iiiloil as one oi' llio suhslanti.'il and reliable men o\' his oit \ . I io was i>ne oi tho first nu*n in Missouri to espouse llio lauso ot Prohi- hilion, lHMn^■ fully i d o n t i f i o il with every movement (or its promotion. His n.ime, as eloetor, was on tlie (irsl Prohihitivm tieket ptaoeii in tho Slate, th.it of John P. St. Ji>hn. ]\c was also an olootor on llio l^idwoll lioket in |K()J, and in iH(|4 his name was plaeoil on the i*roliihitii>n tieket (or Cou- j^ross, hoin^; the (irsl oandidateever olVereii in thai Con^;ressional Disliiol. He look an aotive pari in l.ooal l>ption oainpai>;ns in this Stale. He is also an aotive momhor of tho K. oi P. Order. In iHHq he was eleeled llr.iml Chief Templar of Missouri, anil is now servin^f liis seventh year, to the oredit and entire satisfaotion of the Ciood Ternplars. He was the founder and ehief editor o( the t^fVicial orj^an, tho "Grand Lodj^^e Visitor." PROHIBITION LEADERS. i»7 l)K. J. IIOWAUI) VAK.NAI.I.. loi i Park av.iuii-, Now York, an ardeiil I'rohibilioii worki'r, was linif ai IuIkiiuhiI, Hili-- wart* C\»iint\-, Pa., Iiiiu' -• t, iHsJ, ot (Jti.ikt'r pariMits. His t'atlu'i- was .a pnlilii' siU'.-iktT ill I h f S o <• \ I'l y t> I' I'riiiuls lor in.iiiy M'.'irs. Hi' is ;iImi liinisctt' ;i l»i'lit'\fr 111' I III- saiiu' lino ol C'lii'is|i,-iii lailii, ,'iiul a iiu'inbor o\' tin* .Siuii'ty. lit" w.isii y; r;i d ii .'i t i- ol' llu' l'*rii'iKls' SiMuiiiiirv .11 Wi'si Tinvii, P.i. Ill' It'll till' lanii wlii'ii a ymm^ man of j^\ vi-ars .-mil bo- ^.'111 Ihi' stml\- ol' inriliiiiu' in Pliila- iti'lphia. I li* ^r.'iJ- iiali'tl from a Ni'w \'o( k ini'ilir.'il rol- li'j;i' ill iSSi, anil li.as siiii-i' pr.'ii'tii't'd .11 liis piol'i'ssion. Ill* is a pr.'irtii'al Prollihitionisl .a ii il li.is vi'iy liltii' I'ailli in ;in\' oU'iMor's Protiibilion prol'i'ssions who will nol voit'o llii'in by liis voU' i>n i'li'rtii>n ila\s. Ho was .1 nu'inlH'r ol llio Kopiililioan Party, but lost I'aitli in it bi'oaiiM' 1)1' its woakiu'ss .-iml W'.'ivoriiiff ro^arilin).^ tin- ^ri'.at rororin. Ill' i-.ist liis Mist Piolilbilion ballot lor lion. Jolin St. John, as Pri'siiii'iit in 1S.S4, ;iiul sinro h.'is boon an I'.irnosi .'iilvoo-ito i'oi Prohibition, with ;t i'arty bi'liiiiil it with t'lill symp.-ilh\' in its Ihoroiij^h I'lirori'i'moiit. Ilo is ooiiviiiioil tli.'it aiiythiiiff short of thai will novor bo siifi'i'ssbil in .abolisliini;; tlio liriiik trallii'. IKKPKUICK KKKKMAN WIIEKI.KK was born in Osli- kosh, Wis., I'ob j.s, '^.S'). Whoii fivo yours old tho family re- niovod to Vinolaiid, N. J. \if ontorod upon, bnl tliil not ooniploto, Ibo High Si'hool I'oiirso. Ko- inovinj; lati'i" to .\l- b.anv, hi* i-ntorod Iho fiiniitiiio bnsi- ni ss, ,aiul booamo Olio <>( I hi' foroinost ni' II of tho oily. \ic liiis boon Soi re- tail ol tho All any C'li.iinl'or ol t'oni- ini'ii-o siiii'o its torni.'itioii. As one of tho oi'vianizors of tho South Knd H.ink of .Albany, niaii.'ij 1'.' of tho Al- ba 11 y If r ni i n a I W'ari'lioiiso Com- pany, .Associate l>irootor of tho \a- tioiiiil l,.fo Assooi;i- lion of Hart lord, I'onti., anil as 0110 of Iho C i t i zo n s ■ t'oinmitloo of Kilty to piirifv I'loi'tions ill .Mbai , ho has h.id a l.irKO part in tho ooinrnoroial and oivio lifi' ^^f .\lb;in\'. )\c h.as boi'ii twioi* m.arrii'd .aiul li.'is four ohildron. His rooord as a Prohibitionist is ,111 onvi.iblo 0110. His maiden \oti* w.as oast for N'o.'il How in iSKo his being the only Prohibi- tion voti' in tin* C"ouiit\-. \\c h.as novor \oti'il any othor tiokel. Ilo joined tho I. O. (.'■. T. .it 1 ^, .iiiil has lillod inipoitant ooiinly ollioes. Ho was olooted in May, 1S84, a nioinbor of the Kxoou- livo of the .Now York St.ito Prohibition lonniiiltoo, .mil in He- oombor w.is olooted its L'liairniaii, lilling this olVuo four years. At the present time be is the oldest member of the State Kxecu- tive Committee. RKV. A. n. FAIKHA.XK.S, of .Montrose, Colorado, has boon for ni.aiiN' yi'.ars ;in jiotivi' toinpi'r.aiioo .'tiid Pri>hibiti,>n worki'r, both in tho Ka^lorn -1 .St.-itos .and in the West, where ho now resides. Hi' was born in .N'ow.irk, i.'.'ili'iloiii.'t Co., \'er- nionl, I'"eb. 22, iK^^h. I le was I'dtii'.'iti'il in till' si-hools of tli.at looiility, . 1 n il of Harnsti'.id, I'rov- i 11 00 oi tjuobi'i'. \\" bile .at t eniliiig si'hool in till' Lat- ter pl.ioo ho w.as lioi'iisoil 111 I'short .and pro.'ii'h in tin* Mi'thoilist Cluiroli. Ill iS(q ho boo.ime pastor of .1 M. K. Cliiiri'h in his natixa* .Si.ite. Ill iK()(i bo joiiiod I h o !•' roe Maplists and look I'liargo of ,a i-huroli .a t Lord's Hill, K Hi 11 n ham. Kor many years he ro- niainod in tho pas- tor.al work in 0011- neotion with various oliurolios of that denoniiiiation in the .State, and saw iiiueli fruit of his miiiislry in the oonvoision of many. He also took an aolivo inlori'st in tf.o teinpi'raiii'o ino\'i'mont, .anil sni'- ceoilod ill building up a l.irgo niiiiilior of pledged workois, though very slrongl> oppos 'd in this work in sonio looalitios. I le was Iwioe married; liist to Kliz.iboth W.ilkor, of C.iii.id.i, who died two vears later, and then to .Annette J. r.ipliii, of Isasburgh, \t., a popular teaoher, who has nobly helped him in all bis work. Some years ago, on aooount of his wife's ill-liealtli, they moved to Colorado. For fouiteon years ho has been a pronounoed Prohibitionist, and has voted, worked, s|iokon and writ Ion for that Party. HKNJAMIN ITUNKR IIOHBS was no.ar J.'u-ksiiii, .Miss., of \'ir-giiiian |iaroiit.ago born Juno 4, 1^5^, I 11' .atlonili'il priv.'ile sohools, afterwards 1 piililio si'bools, in j J.ioksiin. He be- g;in till' printing business in 1H7J in the oHioo of the *' Newton Weekly Ledger." .After live years hi' hi'o.amo fort'in.-in in the ot- I liio of Iho "Haplist l\ei'oiil,"al C'linton, Miss. In 1SS3 he lie- g.an the piiblii'ation of the "Hrookliavon l.eailer," wbii'li he li.is editeil to the pri'si'iil, sinoo iSij.; as the "Mississippi Lo.'ulor. " I 11' bo.-ists that the " l.o.ider " is the only p.aper piihtishoil in .Miss- issippi \vhoso ool- II 111 IIS novor oon- t.iined a liijtior ad- vert isoini'iit in .any form. Ilo has al- — — - w.iys boon a Prohi- bitionist in prinoi- (irst Prohibition Convonlion held in one sinoo. For ten years he was f. Com., and for eight years its till' *' l.oaili'r," Prohibition lias the State. In iHqi ho In |K<)4 pie. \lc was n momboi- of tin Mississippi in iHHo, anil of every ;i member of Iho Stale Pro. Kxo, Soiy. Sinoo the ostablisliniont of hooiimo a lixoil polioy in sixty ooinities of left the Doiiiooralio P.irly and joined tho Prohibitionists he was eleoled Cliairnian of the State Kxo. Com. of tho Prohi- bition P.irty, a position he still holds. He li.is done oonsidoiablo platform work. He is a Haptist, and for eight years a Sunday Sohool Superintoiulont at Krookhavon. His family oonsist.s of bis wife and two children — a son and daughter. IT' laS P R O H I R ITI O N LEADERS. RKV. OAMKI. H. Tl'TTLK was horn jimo j(>. 1S57. Mis parents vvi-rt* H. M. Tultif and Mar\ (."inhnin TnllK'. lit' was rtUu'aUul at Ti>wn C'riH'k Ai'a ili-niy , Triuily C\>IIr^-f. \. L'. 1 1** riHi'ivi'tl his tlu'i)K>)^irat Iralnin^^ at V'anilt'rliilt l*ni- viMsity, Naslivillf, TiMin. Hi' is a tvmi- lar riiinisU>i iW" (In- \ orl h fa ri»I i na I ontcriMu (.' ot llu* Mi'IIuhIisI I';pisi'i>- |tal t"hiin,h, St>nlli. As to j)oIiliv'al pri'- tt'it-ni't's aiul par- I ii's, ho is a Prohi- hllionist lirst, last ami always. Me is a nu'inhi'f ot the I. O. C. v., UoUWw^ tho oHirt'ol Worthy Chiv'f Tt'ni|)lar at lliikory. \. C. }\v was I'lorti'il l*ivsi- ilt'iit of the \. t'. Stat I' T I' in p I' i- - Lanre Association, Auk- 15, iS()4, in — the Slate C'lMuen- tion at (.ireenshoro. He studied law in 1871), and was Ji^enseil to piaetiee in June, 1880, by the^Snpienie Court ol Nortli Carolina. He loeatetl at Hiekory, N. C, as partner with Col. Clinton A. C'illey. In iSSi. when the tpieslion ot" l*n>hiliition was suhniitted to the voters oi' his State, he niade his reputatitin as a I'rohihition speaker and leader. Sinee he he^'an his ininisteiial lahor in iSS^ he has louj^lit the liquor tiatlie fVoui the pulpit, on the plattorni, and throui^^h the press most earnestly ami suei'esstul'y. He has he inslrunu'iital in distrthutinj^ tens of" thousaiuis of ternperaui'e and Prohibition traets and papers. lie now edits "The Christian C'itizen " at Raleijjh, N. C, i>r^^an i>(" the St. Teni. Asso.. anil the W. C.T.I'. RKV. i:i>\\ARI) HARRASS, M.A..n.n.. uas horn at an Knjjiish ei>lliery villa^^e, i>wnetl by I.onl I.iindoiulerrv, July 22, iHji. Mis laiher was a niiniii^^ a^enl, lor whieh posit ion t lie son was inleiui- ik\, roi I'ivin); sui'h .III i'llneation as uouIi- its duties. On altainini^ the ai;e of I weUi* he wi-nt in1(» the mini's daily, un- 1 1 he was ealleti 'uU> the ministry of ihe Primitiye Meth- lulisl C'huieh. This was in 1841. In 1N5J he eame to Canada. While yet a hoy he signed the Total Absl ineiiee pli d)^e, and also was lonnet'ted witli lhet)rtleror Reeha- hites. C>n eomin^ t(> C'anaita lie iilen- tilied himselt with the Sons of l\'m- peranee, and as his mi nist erial duties preyeiiti'd him stay- bee.ime idi'iUitieil with t'sidetl. Me often at- ht Mjfjiiore tliati three years at .any plao v^tlu'r temjH'ianee or^anizalii)ns wliei'e I tenili'ii the lir.iml Lod>;e of Templars, and has trayelleil tlu>usands of miles in the inletest of tiMuper.inee. More than onee he has been .ippointeil on ilelf^alions to Cun*-rnmenl, ies|ieilin^ temper- ame lej^^islalion. In 1S85 lu* attended the Centennial Convention at IMiilailelphia, whieh was the laix*^'si representative ^alherinj^ of temperame workers whiih he has ever witnessed. Me has used hi*^ pen very iVetlv in ei>ntribulin); to periotlie.il liter.iture. He is also the .author of two or three small volm..es, one of whieh is " Histin^uislu'd .Men," but it has lonj^^ been out of print. RKV. WILLIAM O. MASSc^N, son of the Rev. jamos Mnsson, was horn in the township of Klizaln-thtown, itcar Hroek- ville, ou July 18th, rKdo. He is a lifi-- lon)^ total abstainer, ami has been eon- neeteii with temper- a n ee soeieties I o r o\t^\' twenty years, .and an ;ii-tive woi k- er most of this time. I n t he winter of 18S7 he heeame one of the " H.aniilton II elpers " Roy.tl Templar e v;i nj^el- isi s, w 11 rk i n ti" in \<>w Wirk State wit'i thi'm fov i>yer six months. He afterwards eo-oper- atetl for a time with the ** Life Roat C^ew," ;ind in the spring- of l^88 be- r.ime iMie of the tu iyinal members of " The Crusaders," workinj^ with that team in New Hruns- wiek, ijuebee anil C'>nt:uit>. He .and his companions were instrumental iti addi">^ hnnilreds lo tlu' established Councils, arousini^ deeper interest in total ahstinenre principles and Prohibition, .and forminj^^ o\cv thirty new Councils, with about 2,000 members, and pleilj^-inj^ thousands of others to total abstinence. He took an active part in the Plebiscite cam- pai>.,aiui also in Ashli*y, Illinois, and I'ompletei) his i-ourse of studies in Traner, C.il. His a ct i ve temperance and Pi'ohihilion la- bors have been larLjely, thouj^h not e X c 1 u s i \ f 1 y , ciin- Jinetl to the L O. G. v., of the constitu- tion and practical workinj^ of which C^rdi'r he has been a w.irm :id m i re i", .and of which he has been f o r a ^o o d m a n y v ea rs .a n active and inlluen- tial nuMuber, and for st>me time a stati' oOici.al. In his political views Mr. Woot.in ni.ay be ilescribed as a pi>litical Prohibitionist believing as hedoesth.it the supreme question now before the elcctt>rate ot America is the »,>ullawin^ of the traftic in intoxicants, ami that the pl.ain iluty of every Christian p.atriot is to elect men lo otVice, anil as representatives in the Legis- lature, who will destri\v the power of the saloon and protect the interests of the home. Me enjoys in .a larj;e measure the confi- dence of his brother Templars, as is evidenced by bis liij^h posi- tio!i of St.ate IVputy, which he has acceptably filleil, under the leadership of (irand Chief Templar K.mause, Cirand Chief Templar Woodw.ard, and which hi is still holding \nuler C. C. T. Webb. PROHIHITION LEADERS. IS9 RKV. WILLIAM SMITH GKIFKIN, D.!).. of Toronto, was born in tin- villa>;i' ot Wati-rilown, Ont., Oct., lo, iHjb. His partMils wero Ebon- I'/.i-r K. I'iriftin and Kli/.i Ki-nl. Ill" was i-iluiali'il at \' i I- - toria t'olk'Hi', inJ i>rilaini'il into t In- tninisliv ot'thf Wfs- I f y a n .Mi-lhodist l.'h\Mvh in J i: n i", I K53 . His ininis- ti'i'ial ri'i'orti h a s l)i->'Ti liij;lilv s u I- - i-ossl"nl. Sini'i' 1S69 hi'ba-> l)i'iMia l-'bair- in a n o ( District, IhriH' liini-s Prosi- tlcnl iti' C\>nf*frtMU'f, ;uul a dflfj^alf ti> cvj'ry C'liMU-ral L'on- tfrt'ni'o sincf 1^/4. I I o ri'Cfivt'il I !i f honorary dt'^rci* of O.O. IVoin his Ahna M a I r — N'iiloria L'nivt'rsiiy. Hi' is a Ri'fornuM' in poli- j ■ tics, and is loyal to '. J Party and L'hnrili. Foaili'ss in the ex- pression of his prini-ipli-s, sa^faiious in his doalin^cs with nii-n in orKani/alion or person, he is a slronjf man in le^jislation and in administration. .\s a platform speaker he is able and popular; with abmulanl wit and stronjf lo>fii'. 'n" i'*-'" iinweleome antajfonisl. His work as ,i temperance .ulvocate lias been as extended as his ministry, especiallv in the ><:reat Local Option contests in Ontario was his championship of Prohibition fell in various comities where his eloi|uenl and powerful appeals were made. He is now tlen. Treasurer of the Siiperami.iliofi Fund of the Methodist Church. He is out of the regular ministry hut continues speaking in pulpit and on platform for every mwd cause with okl-tinu- vijfor and unfailing ilevotion. l.KPH.A KI.IZ.A B.MLEV, author and lecturer, was born in Battle Creek, Mich., Jan. Ji, 1H44. She was the youngest of a fainilv of nine chil- dren of Thomas and Aurora Dunton, the former Scotch, the latter a native of \ennont. Both parents pi»ssessed sterling traits of character. .She I'oni pi>sed little poems for the press when she could only print, in imit;ition, her efforts. Her eilui'.'ition w.-is com- pleted in her native city. At 14 she lu'fjan to teach a rounlry school, and every leisure hour -.he industriously tilled by studying, tier life has ever been one of hard- ships and cire, and most perseverin>fly h;is she conquered c\ery obstacle. At the ;»jfe of 30 she foiuul leisure to d^ vote lierself lo the platlorm in reform work. She is a member of the M. v.. Church. For twenty years past she has been almost I'onstanllv spi'akinj^ throughout the I'. S., untler the auspices of the W. C. r. {.'. or Prohibition Party. She h.is served as Secy., in her own city, the Ci. T., \V. C. T. I'., and other loc.il societies. She has corresponded largely for the press, and written many ski'lches for books aiul maj^jizines. Her time is filled to over- flowinjf with her dutie,. Mrs. Bailey has a family of two, a son and a dai kI>'i''- He home is ,it Prohibition Park, West New Hrifjhton, Staten Ivlan.l, »heie intellectual ciowds jtather every sunnner, and the saloo 1 casts no withering blijfhl. 1 THOMAS CHARI.KS RICHMOND was born of Protestant parents in Belturbet, Province of I'Ister, Ireland, Nov. 30, 184H, cominjr to America w i t h his parents when 12 years of age. He stuilied in private schools, and graduated from the Law Department of the L'niversity of \Vi s CO n s i n , and later studied law in the Boston Law School. He was formerly a Repub- lican in politics, and is ,'i Liberal in re- ligion. He enlisted as a volunteer when 16 years olil, ;ind served in the I'nion Arm)' until the I'lose of the war. He be- c.'ime iilentified with the Pro h i b i t i on Paity in i«Kj, and was the Party's can- didate for member of Congress from Wisconsin in 18K6, .'ind again in 1888, and candidate for tiovernor in the year i8<)j. He has been, since the year 1882, recognized as one of the ablest, most eloipient and successful platform speakers of the Prohibition Party. A volume, entitled "The Issue of 1888, " containing several of his addresses, was publisheil in 18S8, and had an exti'iisive circul.'ition throughoin the Western Slates. He was Chairman for seven years of the St.'ite Central Priihibition Comntiltee, and during all this time, in aildition to the ili'l;iils i>f office business, he was almost constantly in the field, lecturing, iittending conferences, etc., working dtiy and night. Mr. Richmond lives in Madison, Wis., and Is a lawyer of lar^e and increasing practice. HOR.ACK WATERS, Prohibition writer and agitator, was born in Jefferson, Me., Nov. 1, 1S12, and died in N. Y. city, April 2i, 189J. His father w.'is English, and his mother of Scotch-Irish de- scent. His father's early death left him the sole support of the household, and he w.'is compelled to work very hard on the farm. He was e d u c a t e d in the public schools, and the A cadein y in Richmond, Me. He began clerking in a g e n e r a I store in Hallowell, and in two years was made a partner, remain- ing until 1837, then removing to Bos- ton, where he mar- ried, in 1840, Miss Elizabeth Ann, daughter of James Leeds, of Brook- line, Mass. He be- gan selling pianos for a Boston firm, and in 1849, started the manufacture of pianos and organs, whicfi he contimied until his death. He was a pioneer in the publication of Sunday School Hymn Books, his "Sunday School Bell" reach- ing a circulation of half a million. He was the soul of mercantile integrity, even generosity, and widely known for his benevolences. He was active in anti-slavery and temperance movements. He helped to organize the Liberal Party in 1840. When the Prohi- bition I'arty was organized Mr. Waters became one of its staunchest and most efficient advocates. He wrote (1882) "A Third Party Needed." He did much good work on the platform in all parts of the country. IT'' '30 PROHIHiriON LRAPK. RS, I'f ' KKKOKKKK lUTI.KK Mi>I.MKS. nliioi i^t ilu* •* Naiional Ti'inplai' Hl.uli*. " ami .Naliinial Si-iivlaiy oi tlio IVmplarN ol* Ti'in- piM'anri*. was boni . — • — — Juiu' -iS, i>^,^.S, ill j l.»»uis\illi', Ky. His talhi'i lU' sti'iuli'tl I (iDrii I'Aiwaril W'iiis- I low, wlm lanu' lo I tins k'otiiUrv ou tlu* j MaytlowoV. Mis HnlK't', was a litu>al ilt'si't'iulaiil ot' Jas. Hull*'t , |)iikt'nll>i- iiUMul, horn in Koii- ili»n in i(>io, whoso ani'iont lainily dalos haok li> t ho tiino of Homy H. Ill iH.V> his paroiils won! lo I i'il I shui >C' l*''i'- ; w hor f ho roi"oi\ ctl I a |Uihlir si'hool ami 1 aoailoniio oil no a- I tiv>n. Al 15 ho 011- lorod a hankin>f I luniso ami booaiiu' an oxport in |>iao- I ii.'i I tinaiu'o. In iSSh ho inarrioii — ' Marv S. Looiiard. \ oinij^osl ilau^httM' of Willaitl Looni.rJ, one ot'lho *»klost ami most rvspooIoJ lainilios in Pitlshnix- Ihos havo twi> sons ami a Janifhtor, all marrioil, ami oijuflu ^framlohikhon. \\c lioki positions i>f irnsi, Cnnn l>ank tollor to oashior. In iSyb ho nunoil lo Philatlolphia, Pa., ami w.is ohiof tollor of iho C'onlonniai National Ihanili R.uik, al tho Kx- posiiii>n liokl th.it \i'ar. Sinoo llion ho lias hrcn itU-ntitioil willi iho IVnnsvlvania Kailroail. antl lalor with Mr. A. J. Lassatt, as his personal liook-koopor, ami (iiially im^mj^i'iI in Iho roal oslato busi- noss. \\c is a pnn^'onl writor, a Muont spoakor, a imisio ooin- posor ami nmsioian; is a Prosbylorian ami a radloal Prt>lnbition- isi, livinj^ at I-.uisilowno, Oolawaro County, Pa. SIMKO.N" H. CHASK was born in Uibson. Poiin., in iSjH, oi hardy Now Kn^laiul stoik. At 14 ho boianio a siuoosstul ooni- tnon st'hool loaohor, aiul in 1S51 was y; I ail u a I oil t roin ilaniillon C'ollo^o il h honiMs. Ho «MI sinilioil law, 111 whili' iloinj^ so ■st.ihlisliod, with a pai'inor, tho " .Mon- ro o Oornoora t . ' \lc was a nioinbor, ill iHs5. o! Iho lirsl Kopublii .an C'ltn- vontioi) in Iho l". S., ami in 1H57 C'liair- tnan ot i!io tirsi in P o n n s y 1 v a n i .a . About this liino ho tvn)k .'t slri>nj;" stand against lioonsiii j; tho liijuor Inirtio, whiih bli);htoil his iM'illi.'i nl poli t ii'.al 1> 10 s p t' i' t s. H o was olootoil lo tho l-o^■ i s 1 a I ur I', it) whii'li ho look a loading: posil ion. From iNj^S lu' ho- oaino tho >;niilin^ JOHN LAMM SIKLV was lotb, iS^^t). A tow yoars laloi fW^ [i:: horn ill Cliarli'sliiii, S. C"., Juiu' his part'iils movi'il lo Oranjff- h u r ^; , \v h f r I' hi' i^i-i'W up ti> iiian- hooil. In iSdo ht' I'lnnpli'U'ii his t'lln- ralional iiiinsf a I C'oki'sl»ur_\' Insti- iiili'; i-ntiTi'il, in Of I' I' in !i t* r, t li I' South L'ar'olinaCon- !'<• If II I' f o f I h f Mclli. I'^pis. thiiiih, South, aiul inarrifil Miss Silt' I-". 'I'owns- iiul, ilaii^lili-r of Ui'\. JiH'l W'.'rowiis- t' n il , t h I' s a n» f \-i'ai". lit' has Hvo I'hiltirt'ii. Ml' has hi'i'ii itn I hf t'tVi'f- livi- hsi of Iho fon- I'l'iviu'i- tor thirty- fivoyt'ars. Always I'anu'sl in his advo- i-ai'V oi total ahstin- iMUH' tVoni all that fan inloxii'ati", lu' liMiiul vonjfonial oharaitiMs in tlu- IiuU'pomlont Order of tioixl TiMHplars, and labored with tlu'in for the hiMternuMil of liunianily. In 1887 he was made drand Chaplain of the Order in the State. Possessed of a most lovable disposition j;reat ^fentleness hein^j his most marked eharaeteristii"- he soon won the esteem and afFeetion of his eo-Iabori'rs. At the Cirand I-i>il^e si'ssit>n i>f 1891 he passed up to the chair of I'irand L'oiiiKilor, where he served with marked ability, renderinjf exeellent service during the three years of the hottest temperance .ajjitatitin the State has ever known, and was elected Cirand Chief Tenipl.'ir in 1894. South Carolina can boast of few men so consecrated to the tem- perance cause as the subject of this sketch. SinNKV H. \VKI.IH>.\, of Tolii, Kv., .1 Hell-known and zealous prohibition worker, was born in Critteiulen County, Ky., J.iii. JO, 1S41. He was eihu-att'il in tlu* piiblii' sclumlsof his native county ; was married to Sus;in Kin>;, of Pope Co., 111., Oct. .'.?, i86j. Mis parents were William and .Mary I\. W'eUlon, n.'itives of .South Carolina. Mis occup.'iliiui h.as bfi'ii th.at of a farm- I'r ;uid merchant. His siH'ial and busi- ness st.'Midini^ have bci'ii excellent. He is .a ineiuber oi the H.iptist Church. Kor ni;in\- years he has I, I ken a deep inter- est in the temper- ance and Prohibi- tion movements, .and has dt^ne well his share in advanc- ing; these >;real re- forms. He is a .S. of T., a C. T., and a member of the Masonic fraternity. He was in early life con- nected with the I>em. party, and voted that ticket uiUil 1H84, when he cast his first Prohibition partv vole for the Hon. J. W. St. John for President. Me h.as been active .and prominent in the Prohibi- tion ranks ever since. Fi>r four years he w.as Co. Pres. of the Party for Crittenden Co., durin>; which time the Party vote was larjfely increased. He was ,1 delejfate to the N.it. Pro. Con. al Cincinnati in i8<)j, and was the Party nominee for Com. of Afjri- cullure for Kentucky in 181)5. His faith is slron^f in the complete and tjlorious s\iccess of the ^■reat Pro. movement, not only in his native State, hut throujfhoul the "niire nation. He will do well his share of the work as a citizen. PROHIBITION I.KADRRS. «3« RKV. JOHN A. l.l\V, ol (.yniul, Slan- ol Oliio. nvj.n horn ill llif t»*r', in llu' yt'ar 1S51 . his |):ii I'lil •! hci uy; A ri I h o n \ l.iu'V .mil Kli/;iliflh K.iinsoy. Ill' ir- i-i'ivi'il liis I'lliii'.'i- lion 111 DuMiuilli', in till- I'rovinri' ol i> II I a t* i o , anil at I. It' \ I' 1. 1 nil, Ohio. Ill- is a ini'inhiT .mil a niinist it i>r I ho Molhoilisl ICpis- .opal (.'hiii'ih, and Is potilii-ally iiloiiti- li.'il will) till- I'lii- hihilion I'aiiy, Hi' has not hi'lil an\' piihhi' olliri', anil is n o I a in hit ions in ihat ilii'i'iiion, hi'- in^" I'ont on I wit h lu'in>f a workiT in I hi" ranks ni his I. luiri'h anil l*ar(\' willionl honors. Ho has ht't'ti an oariu'sl anil I'onstant ailvo- I'ati' in his pnlpil of slrai>;hl I'rohihilion, ami ho has also ilono lOtisiili'iahlo plal- I'orni work lor iho Thiril or Prohiliilii>n l*artv in Hi'iiry 'mil \\'i>i>il L"i>nntii's, in thi' Stato i>l" C^liio. His pulpil ullorani't's ha\i* nol, howovor, hi'oii in lav.tr ol' llii' I'laiins ol' any pai lii'iilar politiral party, hut ha\i' rathor hi'i'ii ini ^I'lU'r.'il linos lor Iho prohi)>ition ol' tho liijtior Irallii'. Hi' lias pi'rsisti'ntly iirossi'ii the olainis ol lh;it ).i:ri'at li'>;^,'il rd'orin t\>v tho Munii'ipalil\ , lor Iho St.'ito, anil lor tin* Xalion, anil I'onliniii's to ilo so with nnahatoil /I'.al. Mr. I.ui'y is slitniil.'itoil in his olVorts hy .-i strong lii'liol' in tlii' iilliinali' tritnnph oi' thi' i-aiisi' i>l' I'rohihilion. .\.\.NA nOW.N'KV, A..M..S.T.H., Snpl. KvaiiKolislii IVpl. ol Illinois \V. l'. r. I'., w.is horn in Ciiooiu asllo, (nil., in 1HS5. Hor lallii'i w.is C'has. C>. l>owiu'y, .1 jfradu- .ito ol' Wosloy I'lii- V I' r s i 1 \ , ,NliiKllt'- lown, i'onn,, and lor i(> years I'rot, of .M.ilh. a I .Ashnry Inivi'isily, CireiMl- i-.isilo, Inil. Her mot hor was lloslor .\I. Downi'v, for voars I a It or hor Inish.'imrs lU'OOi'iso) P r I' I" I' p I r I' s s of /onia I'l'inah' Col- li'^jo, ami tspooially ^ i It o il , holh HH lo.'ii'hor ami on the p I .'1 1 I'o r in . Miss Pownov won hor A.M. lioin IV I'aiiw I'nivorsity in 1H77, hor A. M. in iHHo, ami in |H<)2 tho S. T. H. Iroin Di' Paiiw riii'o. Sohool. She is.i Moth.; was Prof, of Math, in la. W'e.s- loy I'niv'y, tHH2-y, toaohor of llrook at Ito Paiiw I'nivorsity, 1SK4 5 ; pastor of tho M. E. Chinrh, Ko- waiioo. III. From 1HS7 to iHi)() sho on>;;ijfod in ovan^folistio work uiiilor till' aiispii'i's of till' Chiiri'li ;iml tho W. L'. T. L'., pri'ai'hin^ .'mil li'i'liii iii^ I'onstantly, avi'r;i>;:iii^ .175 aililrossos vo.'irlv. Slie is now N.'illon.'il I'!\';in^olist of tho W'.C'.'r.'.-'. A rooi'iit paper says: " Hor yon til lul I'roshiu'ss, hi-r i-lo.'ir oyi', with a ''iii' H.'inu' in it, which i-.in molt into lonvinoiiin pathos or hri^^liton with an intoMootnal har- monious thoii^lit, liolils hi'rauilii'iii'i' spolllioiniil from start to Hiiisli. Sho piissossi's ;i voii'i' of ^ro.'il stron^thanil swoi'tiu'ss." .She is the aiithi^r of one of tho most hi'lpl'nl liooks of Hihli' ro.'iilin^s th;il the press has issued, entitled " Heavenly I'laeos in I'hrist Jesus." MKS. .\l. KI.I.A AI.I)KH.II-t;i.KASv).\, N.uion.il I.eeliirer for the W. C T. I'., is .1 spo.iker of ^reat power. Sho was horn in l-owell, .M ass. Her father, W e I - hnntoii A I il r i h , ptoei'ileil her .-is a li'i'turer, ;i n d s' may have inhe: 'e.' Iroiii him her fliienl speeeh .inil ener- ^■t'lii' style ; hut hi'r pi)Wi'r I o II' a I' h Iti'arts .'i n d move them to aelion sho ,y: e I s from hi' r tn o t h o r , I.y il i a W'.-ili'rhousi', .'I near I e 1 ;i I i v e o f I Ii e popular Ki'w J. I'". W'.tlerhouse W'.-ire, o f C ,'i 111 h r i il ^ I'. Mrs. (lli'.'ison w:ts I'duoated in the piihlie sohools o f Hostoii, ^r.'iilu.'itin^ from tlie Roxburv llijfli .Siliool at 16. She is a H.'iptist, anil w .-1 s lieensed to preaeh hy that itenomiii.'it ion in 1S92. .She Is a woman of marked ability. She is Chairman of the Nomiiiallnjr Comnilttee of Inilependent Women Wilers of Boston. She li.is held lor eleven years the position of Pros, in the loeal W. C. T. I'. She is Slate Siipl. of Nareotios. She is an aetlvo niemher of the Nat. Chris. .Ass. and Chris. Workers. .As a leelurer she is very popular. In her husband, William H. Oleason, a proniiiu'iit mem- ber and liberal supporter of the Third P.irty, she has a warm sup- porter in all of her jfood work. Both of them li:ive (jiven lime, money and slreii>;lh in ailvoi.itin)^ the prhulples of that Party. Mrs. Gleason is still younn, the happy inolher of three childreii, one of whom has preceded her 10 the Belter Land. THOM.VS CO.VTKS, KSy., of Preseott, beloii(fs to a family lli.it staiuls liijjli In the Couiulls of Canaillati Methodism. He w;is horn 111 Yorkshire, Kiif,'., Jany j.stli, 1S3.'. His parents, Thomas .iiiil Eliza- beth Coates, came in till' s;iiiie ye;ir to C a n .1 il a . T h e y were M et hiulists, and have loiij; since passed to their re- ward. He jollied the S. of T. In old No. 15 nivision .1 b o u I I H 5 5 , a 11 d allerwards united with the I. O. Ci. T., never reliiupiishin^ his connection With the S. of T. He labored actively in connection with both Orders for ,1 number of years, but traces his tem- per;! nee history through the S. ofT. The old No. 15 Division is still working, and M r. Coates rejoices in an unbroken fellowship of over forty yefirs with that oi-ffaiiiza- tion. The Coates family are a family of sinj^ers and nnisici wi-rr lliiiM- 111' till- ""iiib- Nri'ipliiiii siIuhiIh" »r llial (lay. No ii|i|ioi'ttiiiily tor M'lf- irnpiKvi-iiii-iil, liiiw- t' \ I' r , was 1 1> s I . l.ati'i Ih* alli'iuloil Ihr HaxliT liislituto i n Hui'k lia 11 n on. <\>i\\ iTl i'll a( 17 ; lu-i'itsi'il lo pi't'iii'h al jo; ailiiiilli'il tile saim- yi'iir lo I lu" Wist Vlixioia M. K. Inn Ir ri- 11 1' v; atlci li\(' \rars a t li I' oa I t r o II h 1 1' I'.'tiiscil Iiiiii to iU'- sisl lioni Ihf ivjfii- l.ir past oral I' lor iwi'lvi" y**ars, iliir- 111^ whii'li liiiit* lu' ('■i^a>^ril in riliu'a- luni.'il and journal- is I i i' work. II I' I' il i I f (I s f V I" r a I papfis. Asawrili'r lu' is I'liMir anil loivrliil, "lu'winj; 111 Ilif liiw. Wlii'ii Wfsl \iixii'i'' I'l'i-.inu' .1 Slali- lu' was llu- liisi Siipl. of I'ulilii- Siliools lor Ipslnir L'ounly. .mil was l*t iiiiip.il ol Kiu'kli.innon lli^li Si liooi. Ill- inovril lo Illinois in 1H71, aiul si'rvril as I'rin- lipal ol si-viTal iniporlaiil sriiools llirro. Hi'allli hi-in^; ivslori'il 111" i-nli'ii'il llu- Sontlii'iti Illinois Lonli'ii'iiii' anil ivsiinii-il pastoral work. Ill* has hoiMi proininiMillv I'oniiiH'li'il with tht* ti'inporani'o niovfiiii-nl in \V. \'a. Ovi-r thirty yi-ars a)fo In- introiliirt'il the OriliT old. T. in tin' Slato, hi"ioniin< its lirsl I'.raiul Tfnipl.ir anil rfpri'si-nlativf lo llu- Sup. I.oiIko. Ho inan.iKi'il llii' lainpaijjn in W. Va. in Lehallor till- I'rohihitioii .\nionilmeiil lo Ihi- Constiiutioii in iKMK, and hol|>ed to or);anize the Amer. Anti-Saloon League. K.\-JLDl".K AMOS BKK'.l'.S, was horn at IVnns Manor, Bulks L"o., I'.i., Jan. .'.', iSj^. Hi' dfilaivs: " I was );radiialt'd on ihi* larin, hut iu>t iVom .'iiu' I'olli'^i'." Ill- .itli'iuli'il piihlii' si'hools, anil taught lor two yi'ars boloro ho was J 1 . M I' lIuMi hi'jj.'in ri'.'iilin^ l.'iw ill IMiitailolphia, anil w.'is ailinn ^ainod a 1 .■» r ^ V pra o lioe, whiili I'onlinuod until iHyj, whiMi ho was I'li'rlt'il Jiidjjo I" I h c C o 11 n I y Court. F iyy Ion vi'ars ho w:is on 1 ho BiMii'h, anil has sini'o bi'on on^.'i^oil in tholaw. Ilo w.is ronnorU- a Ri-piihli- lan, with slronur abolition loniloni-ios bol'oro I ho I'onna- lion of th.'it p.irly, nurin)f the I'rohi- bilion .Aniondinent I'.'iinpai^n in Ponn- sylv.inia, in iSSq, Jud^o Brijfjfs, still a Ri'publii-an. was tho only proniinont in.'in ol' the many old-parly nion in his Ward that had tho lonrajfo to lake the Chairinanship of Iho Ward orffani/ation in its tijjlil against the liquor powiT. Ho oontributod Ihiiuj^hl, lime, mi>nov and voice, and ^I'l'ally aided the .Vmenilment loivi's by his pen. When he saw his beloved parly joiniiiff hands with the Pemo- iTals to dele.it the I'rohibilorv .Amendnienl he came out ;iiiil joined the I'rnhibition Party. Sini-e then he has taken an active part in Prohibition Party work in the Slate and Nation. He has been a total abstainer for half a century. He advocates the ballot for woman. I WM. T. WAKI' .1:1.1. was born al Bristol, K. I., Feb. 1, 1KJ7. He exhibits, il is said, all those solid ipudities which cliar- ai'teri/i* men ol Puritan stock. In his ninth year lite I'aniil)' ri'iniiveil lo Niles, .Mich., re- maininx there three or lo u r y i- a r s. When i\ William bccanii' a I'leik in I II e oDice of hi* uncle, Mr. Samuel W. Haines, who WIS iMt^a^eil in the oil busnicss in Biil- falo. neiclopiii^ inai kcil ci)inincri-ial abilili , upon atlain- in>; his tn.'ijority, he embarked in busi- ness on his own account. When petroleum was ilis- co\ cri'il in Pennsyl- \aiiia III* crei'li'll :i ii'tiiii-r\' in Bnlfalo, anil also i>ni' on I. on); Island at Hunter's Point. In I 1K75 the Standard t^il L'oinpaiiN pur- ch.ised this factory, and Mr. W.irdwcll hoc. line connected with th.il I'oncerii, tisinj; to positions of iniportanii' until he bi-i'ame Treasurer of llie Company. .Mr. \\ arihvell is well known for his charities. He joined Ihe I'rohihiiion P.irly in 1SS4, ,iiul has been a very liberal supporter, bciii); one of its most /e.ilous champions. In iHWi he was nominated b\ the Prohibitionists for .M.iyorof New York city. He is now one of the .\al. Pro. Com. from New York Sl.ile. In 185.' he married .Miss Kliz.i W. I.aulcrin.tn, of Binjf- h.implon, .N. S'. Ki^rht children were born of this union, three surviviiiff her death in 1HS7. He was married Oec, iHHi), to Miss Martha Wall.ice Rufl". daiiKl'ter of the late Dr. S. W. Rulf, L'.S. N. WM. T.\PPA.\ Kl'STIS was born in Rumlord, Oxford Co., Me., .\u);. 11), i^^H' "'■ went to Boston ;il 10 years of .ijri., liviiij; with hi. uncle, Ihe Hon. Win. T. Hliis- tis, .'inil ^^railuat- in^ .'It the Kn^^lish IliKli School. His iiiu'lc w;is a stroll)^ .'iiili- 1 .\cry Wliij;, .inil one of the lirsl .'III \ oc.'ites of Ihe Republican P.irly in Mass.'ichusi'tts, and the subject i>f this sketch w.is, in early lifi', uiiiler slron>( mor.'il iiirtuences. Ill' li'ft ;i prosper- ous business to en- list ;is ,'1 private un- der President Lin- I'oln's first call, jiiiniii); Compfiny 1, I'iflli Reifiinent, Massachusells vol- unteers. Servlnjf out his term he re- ciilisteil for the war, li'oinj; out as Adju- i.iiil .ind reliirniii); -IS C"i»lonel. He w.'is interested in the hardware business in Boston for in.'iny years, ;ind in 1894 became identiKed with the Boston l-ead Manufacturinjf Company, which he represents in Maine, \'ennont and New H.unpshire. Until 1880 he had always voted the Republican ticket. In that yearhe voted HrsI, and has ever since, for Prohibition. The Prohibition Party twice nominated him for Governor of Maine, and twice for Conffress in Ihe Seconii District. In one CoiiKressional election he received nearly 4,000 voles, .md pollin>j^ in each elec- tion Ihe full parly vole. He is a member of the Grand .Army of the Republic, and a I'niversalisI, Ihoii^h formerly of the orthodox faith. PROHIHiriON LEADERS. <33 UKV. J. \\. HASlll-l>l, I'll. n.. was horn in K,i>viu> f.>., Wisiiiiisin, .Miiy if,, iM^i). Hi- inmplrli'il Ills iiilliX'" ii'iiim- ,'iI lll>' t' 111 viTsit » .)! Wisiiiiisiii in 1^7), Ills I li fo loK i I' ■> I I oiirsr ill HoHton I'liivrrsilv in iHyh, iiiiil lilt' I'lnirs** ill llu- Si'lioxl 111 .Ml S I- i r II i- 1" H in llu* saiiu* I'niviTsily in iHHii, ri't'ciNiiiK till' i\ix><<- "I I'll. n. \\r WHS iiiatiinl in 1M7.S lit Miss Jt'iiiiii' l*"iflil, a ^tailiialt* of tlif I' iii K I'l sit y ol W'isriinsiii. T li I' y \ i sit '.'il l-aiiopi' in I HS 1 a ml 1 HH7 , siiiiU iii^: tlii' iiicili- iiils III CMTtnan I'ni- \tM sit it's. Hr w.'.s liiliir in Inrck in 1H74 .11 llu I'ni- \rrsil_\ t»! \\'is*-tin- sin. aiul li'i'tiirtT in the Si liool 111 Hia- ti>ry ill tlu' HostiMi I'nivtTsity in 1K7S aiul 1M71). Ill' was p.istor ol" .Mi'tluiilisl Epi^i't^pal C'luni-JU's at ll.'iirison Si)uari' ami Jain.iii'a I'l.-ims, Miis- lon, ami al .\iiluii lulalf, .Mass. Kmni iM^ lo 1SH7 lii- w.is pas- lor al I'liitlaiul, .Maine, aiul iViMii 1SS7 In iHSi) al Hiill.iln, .N'l'W York. In 1S81) in- was rli'iti-il rn'siili-nl nl lUiio Wi'slcvaii L'niviTsily, al IVIa'.vaiv, lUiin. Ilri);iiially .1 Ki'piihliran, lu- hi'ianu' .111 liuli'pi'iuK'iil in llu" Grecli'y I'.iinpai^'ii. niniii^; llic lU-M ti'ii yi'.ns lu ' ' ■■ host iiu'ii, willioiil ii'^f.iiil 111 I'aily. In 1SH4 In It I'll I'lir llu* .1 till' I'lO- bost iiii'ii, willioiil ii'^f.iiil 111 I'aily. In 1SH4 lu' I'lilrrtil llu' I'ro- liihitiiin I'arl)' ;it llu* iipi'iiiii^ iW llu' Si. Jiiliii i-.'iinpai^'n. \lv has IVi'i|iiriitly spoki'ii lor llu- I'aiiy, bill lias ivfnsi'il lo lu-iiinu' a caii- .i:.i..t.. i:.'.- .-.iti.... iliUalf for ollii'i'. W.M. I-R.\.N\IS SINi;i.KTO.\ WHS Ixiiii al llaiToilsbur>{, , May J, 1H4U. His I'allii-r s family wni of Kii({lisli oxliailioii, anil rciuliTi'il ilis- liiiKiiisluHl si'rvii'i's in tlic Kt'voliilioti. His niollii'r. .Mary Ml Ali'r, was lir St' 1' II il I' il from a Siiilrli-lrisli family, wliirli ({avi- lo Kfii- liiiky si'M'ial of lu'r li.'irilifsl aiul iiiosl ila I i II K pi.iiu'i-rs, I'll III pa n i o II s ol lianii'l Hooiu'. .\l- li'i si'M'ial yi'.irs al C'l'iiU'r l ollr^'i' ami Jrlltlson I. iillrnr, \'OIIII^ Sill^ll'IOII I'll- li'iril llu' I'liivrrsity of \ ii>;iiii.i, wIliTf liis stiiilirs wi'ri' iii- tii 1 iipli'd by till" bc- Kiiinin^' ol llii' Civil W.ir. Ill' I'lili'rril till' Coiifrilrrali' a r III y , a 11 tl w a s woiimlt'ilat III!' b.'il- tli- of Hnll Kun. lit- siM'M'il throii^lioiit llu' Will', iiioslty in till* (anions "Sliiiii*- wall Hrijjailr, altainlii); Iho rank of Major, .\llrr llu' war lu* W.IS ailinilli'il 111 llu* Bar, iiiul in iSbS marrii'il .1 ilaunliU'r of tiov. MajfolVni, of Ki'iitiuky. Hi* iviiiovi'il, in iS<)(i, to Kaiikaki'f Co., 111., lliniii', in 1H7V 111 C'liiia^fo, win lio fornuil a p.iiiiu'rsliip Willi Jiiilm* H. S. .Morris, .*x-,M.iyor L'lru'ajio. In 18711,011 ai-- iiiuiil of ill-lii*allb, III* ri'liiriii'd lo K.mkaki'f Co., wlii'n* lu* ri*- lll,lilli*il iliilil iMS^, wlu*ii 11.* ii'tiiriu'il 10 C'llii'.iKO .Mill i'il(,'a);i'il ill ri'.il I'slali* biisiiii'ss. Ill 1SS7 111* fill -uli'il till' lot.-il Absliiu'iu-o l.ifi* .Assoi'ialion, willi a vii*w of lU'iiuinstralin^,' llir superior liinn- i*vily of liilal alislaiiu*rs as a ilass. It iiu*l with markoil smi'i'ss. Siiuv iKKo In* lias bi'i'ii a supporter of llu* Nat. I'm. rally. I .\rmy of the mSlK>l' JA.MKS N. FITZC'.KK.M.n was born in Newark, \,J.,iii 18,58. His lallier was a niereli.iiit ofllialtown. He stmlied law al llu* Trenlon Law Si'liool,.'uul fiir a lime with I'lelinj;- liiiysi'ii, anil was ailinilleil lo the H.ir in 1858 .\fler prae- lii'injj^ l;iw i'ov lliri*e yi'.'irs 111* was eon- vi*rti*il, ;iiul ^C'lVi* up llu* law to ellli'r tlu* .Mt*tliotlisl niiiiislry ill llu* Ni'W.'irk L"oi' ■ fi'i'i'iii'i*. .Afler \ari- oils p.islorales be beeaiiu* I". K. of the Ni'wtiin nistrii't, anil in 1S80 of tlu* .Newark Pisliiel, from 1870 111 1881 he w;is Si'i'\-. to till' X I* w ,'i r k t'iinfi*r- I'lii't*. Hi* w.'isili'le- ^.'iti* to llu* tieni'ral C' on I e r e 11 1' i* s o f 187(1, 1880, i.S84aiul 1888. Ill iKSi be w.is eleiteil Seey. oi the .Mission;irN' Soeietv of llu* .M. K. L'liiireii,ana in 18K8 Bishop. Ill 187J he first east bis voiee ami iiilliieiiee with Ihe Pro- hibition I'arty. "The R.'isti'r Kesiihiiion selllt*il me," be says. Since 1872 he has voted with the Parly ;ind written extensively for the press on the duly of C*hrisli;iiis voting the Prohibition Party ticket. In his powerful .'irticles in llu* New Viirk "L'hrislian .Ad- vocate" the Uishop has taken stionjf >jioiind in retfard lo the duty of Christian electors, and has drawn upon himself coiisider.ible criticism by a jjood many of his own denominalion. .An eliujuent speaker, a strong writer, occiipyinjj the hi({hest position in his Church, Bishop Fitzgerald is one of the most inlliienli.'il .'idvocates of Prohibition in .'Vmerii'a. B. O. AVI.KSWOKTH, I.I,. P., was born al Alliens, 111., Sept. _s, 18(10, of Cieriiian, Kreiuh and En){lisli ancestry. His family was one of culture. His fathei , a soldier, was killed at the bailie ol Ctiickam:ui>;^a. Hi* was ii'ari'd on the farm, and enlereil Kiirek.'i C"olle>je in 1 874, ;ind K^radii.'iled with honors li\e veais later. Oe- i'iilin>C to enter thi* iiiinislry he took a course .It Belhany C o 1 1 1* >; e , and in 18S0 bei-ame pjisii r of llu* Church of I Christ at Peori.i, III. 1 In 1881 he resigned j his posit ion .■iiid took up a spi'cial course in llu* Siiin- iiu*r School of Phil- osophy al Concord, .Mass., where he I'aiiie into imme- diate coiilact with Killers on, Alcotl, -i W. T. Harris, K. P. Sanborn, and other master minds. In 1881 he ajjain became a pa tor at .-Vtlanta, Ga, Here he married, in |88.>, Miss Cieor>;ia I,. .Shores. They have line chilli, a son. .About this time Mr. .Aylesworth becime "'idely known ;is a lei'tiiri*r ami ;i literary man. He I'ontribuled exten- sively lo the m.i^f.iziiies on sociological themes. In i88g he was elected Pres. of the l.iler.iry Pept. of Prake University at Des Moines, Iowa, .iiiil in |8()? Pres. of the I'niversity. He has been a Prohibilionist since 1884, iiiul voted for .St. John and Biilwell. In l8q_5 he was nominated by the Prohibition P.irty as candidate for Governor of Oliii , and would doubtless have polled a lai'i^e vote if Colli'jje ihilies h.-ul pi'rmitleil him lo run. »34 r ROM III IT I ON I.KADRRS I \VM. WILSON* SATTKRI.KK. M. P.. O. !>.. wis K.m ai I. a Poiii', Iiul., Apiil I III). iH^;, atui ilifil at MiiiiuMpolis, Minn., M » V .'711. I Hi) J. riuMi^li liitt t'iliua- I iiMtal ailvanlax^i's wci'i' \li*ni(*tl hint iti \ iMilli \h' was a liti*- \oi\^ stniK-Dl iiiiil a prii|'(Tiiiu) n'a't\ hi'iii^; a ini'tnbiM' ni llu* in'it. CttritiMfMif iti' |SS8. Dniinf^ llu- lasl six MMlN (it Ills lilt' lu* was I'lol. Ill' Sfirn- I i ti I- Tfnipriatu'*' aiul M\>;^ii'iiii' I'liil- *>sophy in V . S. I Ira II I rnivtMsily, Atlii'iis, Tt'tin. This was ihr first C liair III its kiiul in any hi);ht'r institiilion of I ra riiin^j; in I h c ionnlry. Mr was a h(tin rclornu'i*. Mr I'arly ospousfti thr li'nipfraiui' ri't*Miii, takiii^^ part in thf Ki'il Ribhon itiiivtMiu>nl ; an aftivt* ii. I", aiul S, it| '['., am! an ahlr atlvoiali' of \V. C T. I'. wi>rk. IK- was thinou^^hly vfrsinl in all phases of tilt' ItMiiprraiuf ri'lorni ami a powtMliil orator, his tliii*! t'liaraolorislir as a spoakt'r Ihmii^ i'amU>r, ^^tllra^■(', li»^^i»,al p*nvfr, and fervor. Ht* oditod tho Stato or^;an ^^\' t!u' I'rohihition Party for some time, and was the anthor of the "Polilieai l*rt>hihilion Text Hook. " He was the eltieient Seey. o\' the Sale Central Committee for several years. An exeellent oi^anizi r, an untirin>( worker, he inspired all who eame in eontaet with him. lie was the Party eandidate lordov. of Minnesota, as well as other ofliees. jf^' ^^^^Si^ i-X^ ■wk ^^^L^ \<^]m 1^ miPRBHI 1 l't>l.. KM. UiriKK Will horn on M rami fU'jir lmll.iiiii|>nlU, liul. \\ lii'ii a siiidi'iil ill IV- I'iiiiw I'liiviMHilv llic Civil War hrokt" oiil, aiiil. on I h i* I —^—~— — 'I llu' xi'i omi 11 i K 'i I alli-r llu' liril i-all I lor liotips, yoiiiiK 1 Killfr was fiirollril as a |iri\ali* in llu* I'liioii Ariiiv, ill a C'oiii|)aii\ iiiailr up ol t-ollt'^l' siiali'iils, III' si'iM'il niKil thf 1 losr ol llii' war, lu'iiif; pionioU'il to I'aplain. Ili' i-on- liiiiu'il his shiilii's, aiul ^railiia I I'll ii> I III' rlassii-at roiirsi'. Ill' opt'iii'il a law olliir ill Initianap- olis, anil is now iiiii' itt till' hrsi known l.iw>i'rs in llu' fap- iiat. Ill' was an ai- livr Krpiihliran up (o 1HS4, aiul hail loii^ iii'fji'il his party (o taki' ailvanrt'il ^rotiiul on till' IVtv- hihition i|iii'stion bf- lori- tiiiall'- li'HviiiK it. Ill- has );ivi>i< spi'iial alli'iitioii 10 till' Ir^al phasi's ol llu' i|iii'slion, bolli on llu- p'atlorni and in llir pii'ss. Mr was alloriu'V lor llu- fili/i'iis' loiniiiilti'i', prosi'iiitinii llu' rli'ilion liamls in Iniliaiiapolis in iKMd, aiul ioiiipi'lliii>,' till' Stall' oixaiis aiul I'niti'il Stall's Si'iiators to ili'li'iul Ihrir iiuliiii'il " liossi's ri'Millinn in a i-ompli'ti' rout of till' politii'ians. Ill' has ifii'iuly jjaiiu'il a lasi- in tin' Siipii'iiii' l.'ouil ol' lii- iliaiia of rrniarkabli' inti'ii'sl to Iho publii". For thri'i' yi-ars ho pri'sscil this cast' from louil to lOiiit ami ^ainril a ili'i'ision at last that lii'oiisi- is not a proti'ilion a^faiiist an ai'lion to abati- a saloon as a nuisaiu'r. \ CLARA ELLEN BKEDE, Stale Su|>erinlenden! Sinulay School Department Illinois W. C T. l'., was born in Moulton- horo'. \. H., Mareh -.1. 184^- Her par- e n t s , Henry A. Co[>p and Lovinia S. liiitehins. are of Seoleli di'seent. She rei t'iveii her ediiea- lion in (he piihlie -^T»-i«^^^^B sehoi>l and Aead- Ei*' ; ^^^^^H ^''*'^ ^^^ Sandwieh fi r j^XJ^^ Cenier, N. H.. and New Haniptiin In- stitution. At 14, le- ei'ived her first eer- tilieale to t e a e )< sehotil. At iS, inar- rieii the son <^K Hon. Daniel ii. Hteiie, of Sandwieh, ami with he r husband re- moved to Illinois, where for several \t'a is she tautjht V e r y siieei'ssfully. ;, ^m^3ga>. "^M jF^gMHLj^lMHBl^^^^M Hiisotieson. In iH^j if m^S^' ^1 ^9^m^^^R^^H^^^| *'>*' lamily mo\ed to K ^ Wm JjjLJj jBy "P^? ! ^^eJE^l^l Aurora, 111., where sided. She is a member i>f the First Con^rej^ational C!uireh. Krom ehildhood she has been ith'nlilieil with the Sunday Sehool, ami ranks tt>-day as one of the liest primary class teachers in the State; is a Chautauqua j^raduali* of the** Pansy" Class 87, a member of the lileraiy eirele, "The Minerva Coterie," an active te.'iiperaiue worker ami a strong Prohibitionist. Is Viee-President-iit-Laixt' ;ind Supt. of the Loyal Legion Oepartment of the Ki^htli J^isirict, Illinois \V. C. T. l'.. Superintendent of Aurora Hand i^\' ILmh* and Hoys' Ami-Cigarette Leajtfue, Recording Secretary o\' the Cnion, and \'ice-Templar in Mystic Star Lodjjc, L O. C?. T.; an earnest, interesting, plat- form sjjcaker, and esp'-cially pleasing in addresses to yoiinj; people. THOMAS R CARSKAPON, of Radical Hill, Keyser, \V. \'a., »vas born o( Seolch-lrisli jiarenlajfe in Hampshire Co., \'a.. May 17, iS^^7. He slamls iti tile fnml r.'ink o\' successful farmers, and is ,-in authority on "Silos a n d Knsila^'e": a paid writer for lead- ing; farm journals, and a lecturer (ov insiiiutes, fairs, etc. He )4^ives as the i II owninji" a c t ami happii'sl epiH'h o\' I his lite his eonver- sion at 1 5. 'I It e r whieh he joineil the I M. K. Ihureh, and I has tilled all the h o n o f I' il orti ei's open to lavnuMi. Kearetl in ;i slave- tiolilin^ familv, he was an uncomprom- [ isin^ Cnionist. He I left iioine, fa rm, wife and babe, to j bei'ome a i-efu>^ee _j rallier than assent to the disruptii^n o^ the I'tiion in the in'eresis ot slavery. Kor a ipiarter of a cen- tury he was an lu>noreil leader in the Kepubliean Party of his .State, and was considered one oi' their most "attractive and foreeful speakers." He was assessor under Lincoln and J*>lin- son also a C>r;tnt and Hayes elector. Mr. Carsk;«don left a membership in the Republican Stale Com;nitIee to jtiin the Prohibition Parly in 1884. He was one of the oi^anizers of the Party in West X'ir^inia. He has been active in service of the Patty in everv campaig^n sinee, bein^' known as the "Lincoln of West \'ir>jinia. " He was the first Prohibition nominee for Cn>ver:ior of his State, ami beltings now to both Slate and National Committees. L PROH I HI IION LEADERS. '.« IIOKACK liRKKI.KY, Iho uri-Hl cdiliir and rfl'oriiuT, wii- honi in AiiihiTHi, N. II.. Feb. i, iHii.hiiiI ilioil iil rii'ii<.aiiivill«-, N. v., N.n. j.»ili. His p.'iiciii-^ )) o i> r . .1 n il yoiiii^ IK»rmo iv- i'fivril iiii'sl iiC hi-. I'lliiriiliiiil ill I it I- )i r i II I i II }( tiH'u*!*, wluMT llt> l>f){jlll Miii'k ;i I 14. lit* r.iiiu' til W'vv N'lirk willi ;ill liis |H»sHf»- siiiiis iiii liis hIiiiiiUI- rrs ,-(iul liiit It'll iliil- lais ill liis piirki-l in iMii. Me spi'iil iiiiu' iir trii yrars in \ariiMis jiiiinialislit- \ «• 11 1 II I' !• s, wtiifti Wfir iinsiu'i'i'sslul. Ill IK4I III' iSNIIl'll llif tirsi iiiitnlirr oi " riu' r r i li n 11 r . ullirli lie t-on(intitHl I (1 cili I 11 III il his ilr.illi. It was at til St W'liiij:. I II 1' II AiiliSlauM V W IliK* t lit' II l<>'|iiihlii':iii. Ill' t' (lining III 11 s 1 I'.'itlit al ami pi<|iulai'. Hi* rt'pit'st'iitt'il \t'w w;ir lit' ■ii.'itl iv.isl ■ .'iliiilititiii til' sla\t'r\-. and till* nitisi iiiHut'iilial pi(|H'r in Amcrit'a. N'tirk ill l'iiiit;it'ss, 1H4K ^i), niiriiij; llif ptivvt'it'iil appt'.ils tti I'ri'sitlt'iit laiifiiln l»»r tin His ilt'Viition III tulal .ilistiiu'iuf ami I'liiliibilion was litf-ltiii){ .1111! iMU'Oiiipniniisinn. lit- was .1 radital adviualt' tf I'ltiliiliilimi in Nfw X'.irk Sl.iti' iliitiii>; tlif t'aily " lil'tit's in lilt' K'lt'jit .ixilaliiin, whitli it'siilttti ill till' tlt'itiiin 111' .Myron II. I'l.iik. Siiiiif nC llif Miiiimli'si ami kfi'iii'st lii),'if fvfr .ulvamt'ii in I'avnr til I'riihibiliDH ap|H'ai't'tl alioiil this tiiiit' in " Tlit' rrihiint'. W.is pioiniiifiit as .1 Ifitiiivr. spt'.iki'i .iiul wiitt'i-, piihlishin^' " Ttit' Aintiit; n C'tiiifliit, " History ot lilt' Stnl^f^'ll• liir Slavfry Kxli'iisiim. ami nthi'r works. MKS. ANNA SNKKI> CAIKNS, l'rf%. i>l Khivm I'urk Ini- vi'rsit>, Si. I.oiiIs, ,Mi>., i<> 11 daiiKl'lvr ol' Ki-v. Saiiiut'l K. Snt-i'd, oiii' III tilt' tlislin- ^iiislit'tl .\lHililittn- isis III lilt' W'l'^l. I It' h't't'tl liis sla\t'ti lltl l-Ollst' It'llff' s sakt*. .-iml vott'tl tlit' Kill' Soil I i t' k t' I , t hi'ii I hf Third I'artv. At 17 tthi- l. , and I I aiisli' rrril it in iHt(i to St. l.iiiiiH, \li>.. wlit'if it Ih'- . iiiii' I'oit'si Park I' II i N t' r si I y l't»r Wo in I'll, II I) w in lis 151 II yi'ar as mif I iintiiiiitiiis st'htHil. slit* inhi'i'ilfil a lial It'll ol tilt' ruin powi'i, but took no .irti\t' p.-irt iinlil sht' ioiiifil till' St. Loiiiii W. ».■. T. l\ Shf was niadt" St a If l.t'xis. Supl.. a nil lor sfVfii Vfars whm thf ih.ail ol III.- vtlnskiN .uiil h. im p.irtisans In tin- Missouri l.f^^i^- l.itiirt', ami Ihf bfloM'd lifiii'ial ol thi- lortt'S who I'oukIh iindfr lifr b.iniifr tor thf siibiiiission of a Conslitiitional .\iiif mliiifiil lor I'rohibiiioii. Shf look p.irl in ibf ){rf.il . .iiiipaiK:" '"r I'robibilion in I'fx.is, wht'i-f shf spokf lor thirty t onst'f iitivf nights, iiiulfr llif .iiispitfs of thf Wonifn's Christian Tfiiipf raiuf I'liion. Ibf I'ro- hibitionisis of Tfxas wfri' afraid that a woniai. wtiiild hurl Ihf f.iiisf, .iiul iftfivt'd hiT tinioioiisly al fiiili point, liiil .iftfr shf dflivfrfd lifr >;ri'al aiUlit'ss on " I'frson.il l.ibfity, tlifir i-nthiis- iiisni kiu'w no boiiiuis, ;iiul ilii'v thf n tflfKraplifil forward to other IfatliTs to nisf hfr thf I'oiMl Hoiisfs ami llif piiblif Hquari-H, a» shf inailf Mitt's. AI.ICK IIAI.I. I.KWIS was born noar Zaiifsvillf, O., M.iy 6, 1867. Hfr fathfr, J. II. Hall, is of KiiKlish tifsrfiit, and was born in Wfslfrn Ohio ill iHiq. lifr niotlifr is of Wflsh df sft'iil, .'ind w.'is born ill /aiifsvillf, O.. in iKji. Al Ihf a^f of hvf yt-ars shf ifinovfd with lii'r p;irfiils lo Troy, Kaiis.is, wlifif shf a 1 1 f ntif tl st'hool, .irul at thf ajft' itf I - rt'i-fivt'il .'I tf.'U'h- fr'sff rlifu-.-itf. Shf L'tii^hl out' Ifriii of sfhool, but owin^ 10 thf ilhifss ot' hfr mot hfr wjis foiii- pi'llfd 10 abandon tfai'liiiii^. On Kfb. 11), ihiii, shf was in .1 r r i o tl 1 ti O r. .Mfxamlfr Lfwis, tif Solomon City, K.insas. Shf has oiif fliikl, *'\'ivian,"* wliosf lil'f is fhar- aftfristif of hfr iianif, bfinjT so f .ir 1 y in I i f f ;i stauiifh Prohibitionist, and oniiltinjf no opportunily of insllllin^^ into Ihf minds of hfr litllf playm.itfs thf priiif ipU's of lol.il absliii- fiu-f and Prohibition. In iHt)j shf iinilfil with thf Itaplist L'huivb, and, fii^catfinjf in t'luirf h work, shf soon f.iinf lo sff how j;rfat an obsliiflf iiitfinpf raiiff is xo rfli>;ious work ;iml thf lU't'il of inorf tfiiipfmiiff workfrs. Shf bfi'aiiu' soon aflfr a nu'inhfr of thf Sunny Sidf W. C T. I'., and was fifftfd Siipt. of \oii-.\Uhoholif Mfdifation. Siiu'f Ihfn slu* lias bffii ;issij;nfd thf s.-inif posititin in County and Pistrifl. Shf has lakiii up llu- stutly tif iiu'difiiif under her husband, and luipfs in tiiiif to takf thf df^frfe of M. O. Shf tavors the Republican Party and Woman s SnlTr.iijf. J.V.MKS .\. T.VTK, Proliifcilion adviuatf, .mil foiindfr of Thf Pilot," of Nashville, Tenn., was born in Sioii Co., Va., I'fb. .'(i, iHOo. His fathfr, John M. Talf, is a well-to- do lariiu'r living in l.i'f lo., \'a., and his mot hfr w.'is ;i Miss .Mjiiif ss, ,1 mfinhfr of oiif of Ihf bfst known faniilifs of S. W. \*ir^:inia. James A. atti'iidfd Sfhool .'It Siii'i'dvillf , lo whii'h plai'f his fathfr hail rf iiuivfd, until 1M74, wlifii I' f tamily rt'turiifi! to Si-olt Co. Ill ih;7 Uo Wfiit lo .Milli^an, Tf nn., .-tml f nlf rfil I ollf ^1'. Hf^radu- .'iti'il in thf fl.'issif foursf in iHHj, ami was imnif dial fly fifflfd .1 nifinber of I hf Fa full y, wtiii'h position hf ifl.iiiifd until iHHi), wlifii iif undfrtook thf woi-k of Stale Oix.inizfr for thf Prohibition P.irty in Tfii- iiessff. Hf fast his lirst IVfsiilf nlial votf for St. John in |SK4. Hf has supfiior .ibilily as an orator and .is :in or>;anizfr, his own, C.irlfr I oimly, bfinj; Ibf b.iimer founty in 1H77 in the .Anifiidiiifiit Cainpaii;ii. In iSSS hf was dflfjiatf for Ihf Stale- al-l..iiXf at thf liiilian.ipolis National Coiufiition. He was a dfle)falf lo thf .National Coiivfnlion at Ciiuiiinati in |H<)_", and oiif of Ihf six .National I'oniiniltff nifii. Wo foumlfil "Thf Pilol " in iHt>4, .'iiid has bffii ji powor tin llii' rostriini in Tfiinesset* ever siiiee. In 1SS7 bf marrifd Miss I.ftilia l.aRue Cornfortli, of Milli^an, Tenn. He is an aelivf nifmbfr of the Clirisllan Cliiiivh, ■SH^B! 136 PROHIBITION LEADERS. RKV. A. B. LEONARD, P. D., was bom in Berlin, Ohio, Auif. 2, i8-}7. He received his preparatory ediualion in the Union Hijrh School of Alli- um.' e , Ohio. He Krailualed from Mi. I'nion College anti entered the ministry oftlieM.E.Chunh, I'iltsbiirg Confer- ence, in i860, serv- ing for twenty-eight years as pastor and presiding elder in Pennsylvania, Kan- sas and Ohio. He has done much work on the lecture platform, particu- larly in the interests of Prohibition. He has three limes represented the Cincinnati Confer- ence in the General Conference. He was elected Cor. Secy, of the Miss. Socy. of the M. E. Church in 1888, and re-elected in 1892. He visited, in com- pany with Bishop R. S. Foster, Japan, Corea and China, to examine the conditions of the M. E. Missions there, in i8<)3. He cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in i860, anil his last Kepuhlican vole for James A. Garfield in 1 80. He became idenlitied with an independent Prohibition movement in Ohio in 1881, aiul canv.'issed the St.'ite in support of Hon. Abram I.udlow, the Prohibition candidate for Governor. In 1883 he canvassed Ohio for Constitutional Prohibi- tion. In 1884 he was one of the few ministers in South- Western Ohio who took the platform and canvassed for St. John for Presi- dent. In 1885 he was the candidate for Governor of Ohio, and thoroughly canvassed the State, besides filling the pulpit. ^K te .. 1 . , . . ,r. ^ 1 p i p 1-^ 1^^^;, j '"'9 ^U. '' ^y? 1 1 i 'wM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 JOHN DOUGAI.I. was born in Paisley, Scotland. July 8lh, 1808, and died in New York city Aug. iqth, 1886. He received but a meagre school educ.'ilion, but wide general rejiding made him ;t well- cultured man. In 1826 he came to Canada and etilerec I h e ciimmissii>n business in Mon- treal. He soon unit- ed with the Mon- treal Temperance Society. In 1840 he married, and Joined the Congregational Church. In adili- tioM to managing his 1,'irge business, Mr. li o u g a 1 1 for m.iny years con- ducted "The Cana- da Temperance Advocate," and in 1846 he founded the Montreal "Wit- ness,'' which was published ten years as a weekly, then semi-weekly, a n d later three times a week. In 1880 it came out as a half-penny daily, attaining a phenomenal circulation in a short lime. He also originated the New York " Hail;, Witness," which did not prove successful ; the New York "Weekly Witness " was, however, a great success from the start, in 1872. In 1884 it came out in vigorous advocacy of the Prohibition Party. In 1885 Mr. Dougall established "The Pioneer," devoted exclusively to the advocacy of the principles of Prohibition, giving special prominou.e at one time to the sup- port of the junior movement. His son, John Redpalh Dougall, editor of the Montreal "Witness," is one of the most influential advocates of Prohibition in Canada. REV. SAMUEL P. JONES, or, as he is better known, plain Sam Jones, was born in Chambers County, Ala., Oct, 16th, 1847, His relatives on both sides of the family were Meth- odists for several generations, four of his u n c 1 e s being Methodist preach- ers. His mother dieil when he was 9, and his f.ither joined the Cont'ed- erale army at the opening of the war, ;ind young Jones was left to drift into bad companv aiul vicit>us habits. .-\l the age of 2 1 , to use his own words, he ' ' was p h y s i c .i 1 1 y wrecked and inor- rallv ruined." After a somewhjit desul- tory private a n il High School tr.iiii- ing. In* beg.'in tti -mdy law, and was .idmitted to the Bar in 1869. His dissi- pfition continued until the death of his father, in 1872, when he was converted and joined the Church, and at once felt a call to be a preacher. He was, after study, admitted to the Methodist ministry in the North Georgia Conference. His success grew, many thousands profess- ing conversion under his ministrations. After serving several charges as pastor, he entered on his cireer as an evangelist, hav- ing travelled widely and held meetings in the principal cities of the Union. His sermons show vigor, originality and earnestness. Mr. Jones is an uncompromising Prohibitionist, and has advocated the principles of the Prohibition Party from many platforms and in many articles from his pen. AIDE ALLEN STEVENS was born in Blair Co., Pa., Aug. 20, 1845. He attended public school until 14, after which he Iciinied and prac- ticed photography until 1864, when he enlisted in the 3rd Kaltalion, Pemisyl- vaiiia \'oluiileers, ;iflerw;irils re-en- listing in the 15th Ucgimi'iit Pennsyl- vaiii.i Cualry, in which he servetl until tlte close of the war. In 1870 he en'cred on the stud;, of thel.iw and * »*gan practice in 1S72, locating at Tyrone, wlieie he now resides. In his boyhood h* uniled with the V, E. Church, in whicli h !• h .'I s been a n active woiker. He married Mi>s Mary Km ma H owe i n iH6g. Four chil- dren have been horn to them, three o\' whom are now living. He is recognized as one of the most successful lawyers of Central Pennsylvania. From boyhood he has been a zealous tee- totaler and a worker for Prohibition. !n early life he joined the S. of T. and the l. O. G. T., becoming an active and leading worker in the latter. He was one of the active leaders in bring- ing about the adoption of Local Option in Pennsylvania, and after its adoption he was equally /.ealous in its enforcement, giving his legal services without compensation. He assisted James Black in calling the first Convention in Pennsylvania for organizing the Prohibition Party in that Stale. He was Clmirman of the State Committee during the campaigns of 1886-1888. PROHIBITION LEADERS. «37 HENRY D. PATTON, of I.amast.-r, I'.i., was bom July 28, •„ in Fayi'lle Co., I'n., Iho t'oiiilli of li-ii i-lulilrcn horn to Hiram ;mil Harriet I'atlon. Hr i>. of Siotili- I ri>iii ilosi'fnt. In 186.1 lu- l>-fl till- farm toatti'nii srlioi>l iinil o n t f r f i! W .'i y n o s- hiir>{ C'olU'Ko in 1S70, ^{radii.'itin^ in iHy.'. IK- was iniinc- iliali'lyi-lfcli'dtollu' I'hair of HnKlish and Vico-I'res. of the Kacnity. He re- si^jnecl in 1H76, and llu' ni'Xt yi-ar was .'ippointt'd Prini-ipai oIiIk' Kili'i'lic Insli- luli', Jersey Sliore, I'a. Resigniii^f in iKKi, he entered Prohibition Held work. Sinee iWu he hits been a mem- ber of the Cninher- land Presbyterian t'hiireh, a member ' i of the IVmisylvani.i « Presbytery of tliat J C'hurili, aiula jjrad- II a t e of Franklin and Marsh.'ill Theolo^ieal Semin.'iry of the (u'rm.'in Keformi'tl t'lmreh. In 1875 he was married to I.uey \'. In^hram, .M.M., of Waynesbmjf, Pa., a fjr.uliiale of .Mnsie \'.ile Seminary, Conn. Reared a nemi>ei".'it, he east his first \'ote ior the Kepnblie.'in P;irty, but bi'e.'ime :i Part\- Pri>hibitionist in iH7c>. He maile his first Prohibition speeeh .\uf{. _>5, iKHi, iit New Wilmington, P.i., and has sinee heeame known .'»s .-i Prohibition ailvoi'.'ite in everv eorner of the Stale, lie w.is delejjate to the . Vat. Prohi. Con. of iHH2 in Chiea^i>, .'ind tt> the .\at. Pi'ohi. Con\entii>ns of 1884 and i8<)2; Ch.'iiiiiian of the State Central Committee of the Prohibi- tion Party, i8<)o 1)4. JOHN ROBERTS MOKKETT was born In VirK'nia on Oct. 16, 1858. He was of Seoleh-lrlsh'extijution, and his family one of till' oldest in the State. His I' h i I d h o o d was spent amid the stir- ring; seenes of the Civil War. He at- lendi'd the eiMinnon si-hools, anil had one <'uul ont>-h.'ilf years at the .Aeail- emy- He beeame <'i H.'tptist at 14, ;tnd I'loin this date was ■letive 111 C bur eh work. Heiit^ lii'- enseil to preaeh, in iSSi he entered the Stiuthei ti H.'iptist Theolojfieal Semin- ary at Louisville, .'mil i*i>ntpleteil the four-year i-u irii'U- liim, ^raduatin); in 18S5. He served pastt>rates in Kinj; William County .ind .North Hanville, in.'in^uratin^ .at the latter plaee the establishment t)f the \'ir>;inia KaptisI Orphanage. He was always a leader in teniper- am'e work, establishing; lotl^es, leeturin^f, ete., ;inil beei>min^ a Party Prohibitionist In iHh'i). In iHijo he established " Anli- l.iquor,'" pletl^eil to the Prohibitiiin itlea. In 1S92 it beeiune the V'irji'ini.'i Prohibition Party tir^an. Hy pen, toiij^ue ,'Mid ex.'imple, Molfett threw his whole influi'iu'e .'t^ainst the liquor tr.'iffie. His aetivitv hrouj^ht hi?n enemiesaiul perseeution, .'intl having; exposed some of the slanders and lalse aeeusatlons whieh were broujfhl a^.'ilnsl him, the author tif these false ehar^es, ;i in.'ui of evil repu- tation, eoneealed himself in a d.irk alley one nl>;ht and assassinated hint, Ni>\'. II, iSq.!. He left a wile jiiid two ehlldren. JUDGE ROBERT C. PITM.VN, philanthropist and illus- trious Prohibitionist, was born in .Newport, R. I., Mareh i()th, i8.>5, :ind ilieil in Newton, .Mass., on .Mareh stb, 1891. His fa.ier, Benja- min Pitman, was a writer t>f eonsitler- able ability. He reeeived his ediie.i- 1 1 o n in the New Bedford sebools, Mass., .ind jfradu- ated at the Wes- ley.in I'niversity In 1845. Tiiree years later he reeeived from his .Alma Mater the M. A., .'ind in due eourse the I.L. n. He stu'-litul l.'iw, .'ind was admitted to the Bar in 1H4S, and .it oiiee he^'^ii to prae- tiee. Hewasjudire of the poliee eourt of New Bedford, 185H |H(^. In 185K he w;is eleeted a member of the State House of Repre- sentatives. .At first a radle.il ,'inti-slavery Republlean, after the elose of the war he ^»ve atiention to the enforeement of the liquor laws. He was eleeted Sl.ile Senator on the Independent Republlean lieket in 1867 i'y the teinperanee people. He was re-eleeted, and throu>;li his infiuenee mainly the famous M.issa- ehusetls Prohibitory I.aw of 1869 was enaeted. He was noted for striet Impartiality on the Beiioh, and vijfor and ability in advocating; Prohibitory laws. He was the .'luthor of a standard work, ".Aleohol and the Stale" — extracts from which are foimd In Part II. of this work. His wife and two sons survive him. JAMES B. HOBBS, one of the most prominent Methodist laymen of Clilca>;o, was born in Sabalis, Me., in 1810, his father dyinu ill his infaney. For three years he lived with an uncle in the backwoods of Maine, surteriiig ha:dships and 111- trtatnunt. .At 15 he went to Boston, and 1 fence to Ban- ffor. Me., to find work, reachinj; the latter plaee with 13 cents in his pocket. He succeeded in securlnj; I h re e terms attendance at the Litchfield, (Me.) Institute. In 1 8jo he went to Portlaiid .ind spent three years at the masons' trade. In 1K56 he came to Chicaffo and entered the pi e- duce and commis- sion business, which he has continued over 30 years, diir- in>; all this time a 111 e in b e r of its Bo.ird of Trade and one year its President. On his conversion in |8()S he joined Cnace M. K. Church, and has since been one of its most devoteil i'\H\ inllucntial members, as i-lass leader, Sunday School Superinteiulem, and liberal contributor. He represented tli.at Church in the Kcuinenical Conference at W.'ishinj;ton in 1801. He has been an active Prohibilion worker since the Parly's form.'ilion. He was the Prohibition candidiite for Ciovernor of Illinois in 1884. He cast his first vote in IV.rllanil, Maine, for men who made the I.e^fislature passing the famous Maine Law. From i888 to 1889 he was Secrctiiry of the Probibitioii National Committer, ■^i ■38 PROHIBITION LEADERS. J. R. KAL'LDS was bom at \'olUnv Sprin)fs, Oaiiplilii Co., Pa., April iq, 1853. His fallu-r, J. haulds, jr., and iiioilii-r, A);iios, won- of Sroti-h lifsctMit, aiul moved 10 Hufl'alo Co., Wis., wluMi J. R. was I wo years i>f ,'i^o. lit' was t'tiii- lalfd ill till- I'Oiii- nii'>ii, ^r.'idi'd and Normal Si-liools ol \Vi SI' o II s i n . Ill" taught si'lu>til l"o r sixteen v e a r s i n \V i se ti n s t n .'iiul Montana ; r.'i n .'i newspaper at liule- penilenee. Wis., ior t h roe years, :ind held the piineipal- sh i p of 1 li e fust jfr.ulod school in lh;it eilv : was ni;if- ried in .April, |S8(), to .Miss Rosella M osi 111,1 n n, a nd came to Montan.i the s.-ime year. I.i>- ealed al Thompson Kiills, Liter moved to Slevensville. He bee.'une m.'inaj^i'r oi' the "North-West Tribune" Feb. 21, iH8q, and in the fall of the same year purchased the entire plant, and operates the same to- day. He joined the Good Teinpl.irs in the sprinjf of 18KS, and the Grand I.odne in the fall of the same year; has tilled various posi- tions in Subordinate Lodffes, and Grand Chief Templar of the State of Montana for two years. Allended the Ri>;hl Worlhv Grand I.odxe al Pes Moines, Iowa, in June, i>h)1. lie is an able advocate of temperance principles, anil writes fearlesslv on all igueslions of public moment, .md has .1 fair sh.ire of the world's ^o.ids. He has a family of three children, one son ;ind two daii);bters. IRANCKS KLIZAHKTH CO.\TES, Ontario W. C. T. V. workers, was born in one of the leading I. ewes, .Sussex, Kn^- land, Jan. 17, iK.V. Wcv parents, John liarnelt and Ann Husolei, weri' both horn in Kn^^land. Sill' w.'is ediii'ated at a bo.'iriliii^sclioi>l .'It l-ewes, ,'iiul I'ame with her parents to C.'inada in 1H46. Her first .-i c t i v e idenlification with lemperance socie- lii's w;is abi>iit a ilo/i'ii years later, she having joined a Pivision of the Sons M' Teinpcr.uue in .'lescoll, 1H59, and i:i Still a member. Sill' w.'is in.'irried in I S () I 10 I'll o m a H Coales, Ksq., of Prescolt, Ont., where she has since lived. For several \'ears she w.'is a member of the In- dependent Order of Good Templars. When the W. (.". T. l". was oixanizcd in Pres- colt, in 1HS3, she was elected First Vice-President, and in the same ye.ir was .ippoiiited Countv Superinleiidenl. Held the first County of Gienville Convention in Prescott in 18K5. The labors of Mrs. Coates have not been restricted lo her own locality. She has endeavored to push the battle to the ^ales, and carry the gospel of the Tempeiance Reform to the regions beyond by oixanLTinj? W. C. T. Cnions in iietflected districts. Ouiinjf twelve years' ofolVice she has oifjanized foiirleen W. C. T. Cnions. She has also been Dom. Siipt. of S. S. work. .She re-visited En){land in |K<)5. She is much beloved for many amiable personal qualities. Her family is noted for devotion to Methodism and temperance. MRS. MARY I,. BRUMBACH was born near Ralavia, N.V., July ib, 1842, where she was educated and fitted for the vocation of ti'.'iching', wliii'h she followed suc- cessfully for eifjlit ye.irs. Her father, Lucius Perry, was of Scottish ances- try, a descendant of the family of Commoilore Perry. Her mother, Caro- line Lt'wis, W.'IS Fiifjlish. The fam- ily moved to Illinois in iSdo, .'ind in iHWi she married Samuel Mriinib.'icli. Her father was .'i strong abolitii>iiist, a I'on- ihiclor on the un- dergroiinil r.'iilro.'ul, and .'i n e .i r nest worker in the ;em- per.'ince c.'iusi', con- sei|iienlly ear'y in life her sympathies were enlisted, and when the temper- ance crus.'ide came she gave her liear't to the work, .'intl has iii'ver faileil to aiil in advancing the ciuse whenever oppo. Iiinily offered. A faithful member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Cnion, her special line of work has been Scientific Temperance Instruction in the public schools. .She has been for many years .Superintendent of this Deparlmeni in county and district, and h.is served as State Supt. for three years. Hy her zeal and energy she has made Illinois the banner Stale in Scientific Temperance work for the year iSqj. She is a Baptist, and .1 I'rohibitionist in politics, and has labored incess.antly from the platform, and through the press, for the advancement of the cause. She is a firm advocate of right, an uncompromising foe of wroii^.and inactive sympathy with every effort li -\vate the race. RK\'. SOLOMON PARSONS was born in Morris Countv, N. J., in 1H3J. He attended Pistrict School, and desiring greater educational advan- tages, he sjived his earnings and en- tered Pennington Seminary, where he pri'p.'ired fi>T' col- lege, leaching piib- 1 i c school a n tl classes in the Sem- inary to defray ex- penses. He gradu- .'iteil with honors from the Wesley.'in I'niversily in 1H58. He joined the New- .1 r k Co n f e r e nee, .iiid has been a member ever since. In 1HH2 he retired from the .'ii'live inin- isti'v, anil now holds Ihe position of tem- perance agent of the ConfereiU'e. He has a large family and a p I e a s a n t liomi' at P.'itersoii, N . J . T h o u g li reared .1 nemocrat, he cast his first vote for John C. Frenuint as a piiili'sl against slavery. He continued his connection with the Republican Parly until 1HS3, when he, with others, c.illeil for ii Third Parly .Stale Conveiilion in Newark. H.' was nominalcil for CiO\eriu>r, rei'i'iving nearly 5,000 votes. .Since then he li.is been .111 active worker in Ihe Prohibition Parly ranks. He w.is llelegate lo Ihe National Conventions held at Pitlsburg, Indi.'inapolis :inil Cini'iimati. He h.'is been an active menibi'r of the Prohibition Club of IVili'rson sinci' its organization. He has been honored by bis brelliren in Ihe Conference, notwith- standing his r.'iilic.'il position i>n lemper.ance, having bet'n sev- eral limes elected lo liie General C.infereiice. He has five sons. PROHIBITION LEADERS. 139 JOSKPH NKI.SON AI-KXANOKR, siMKnnK>'v.iiiK'i-li>l, who, with his brother anil ilii- Ki-v. J. I'arsoiis Smith, ronslitiilo thr ICnu'ialil Tr'ui o I l*rohiliilii>n siit^tTs, was litini .'it W'of- rcsli-f, M.iss., M.iv J I) , I H 7 5 , .iml is tliiTi'l'orf oilf oi the yoiiiini'sl I'lohihi- t i o n workiM's i> 11 the pl.itlorm to-day. Ills I'athi'r w.is a Wf.'ivi'r ill tht" wool- K'li mills of NfW Kn);laniJ, .ind atlrr till' niiioval ol tin- lainily 10 Clinton, Miihiffan, younn Joseph, who hail t'njo\'cil thr usiuil piihlii' sihool I'clii- i'atit>T>, rnjj.a^t'ti in I h f tiailf o f his lalluM'. l-iUi" h i s hrolhiM', ho pos- si'sstul niiisii'.'il tal- ents of MO tiu'an oidfr, ami, lindin^ i>pport unities in eoiineetion with eluneh and tempei- anee work, ;ieqnir- cd coiifidenee, skill .iiid popnl.irily. It was at C linton that the Kev. J. Parsons Smith, Cin.ida's I'rolnhil ion orator, he,ird llu-ni sinn-,and extended to them an invitation to a wider field of usefiilness on the temperanee platform. Their sinjjfiii);, which is exeeediiifjly sweet and synipathetie, ;ueompanied hy the h.iss of Mr. Siiiilh, forms a powerful attraetion in the puhlie nieetinjf, and in many towns and cities where they hold a week s service, the crowds lax to their utmost the lai>fcst h.ills. Tlie I'rohihitioii soii^^s siint^ hy this trio reach and stroiiffly effect multitudes who would not be iiccessihie to extended ar^fiiment. Like his brother, .Mr. .Alexander is an ardent Methodi.st, and full of zeal for the cause of Prohibition. MRS. I.OriSA HARRIS. Police M.itron at Koiir Courts of St. n that '^•^J l.ouis, the well-known city, w.'is horn in Penn- sylvania. Her mother died when site was very \'oun>f, .and she w :t s adopted in a Christian f.iniily named Nt*wtoii, in Ohio, where her (firl- hiiod tiays were s|H'nt. She is an a r d e n t "Dai.jchter of Re- bekah," and the "Odd I'ellows Souvenir" says of her that "siie is one of the best known women in •America to-day, ;il- _ _ ways on the aiert to . ,!^. do some kiiul act for ' ,at the welfare of the w orphans and widowed in i> t h e rs c o m i n j^ uiuler her observ.'i- tion. .She h;is devot- ed the best p.'irt of her life to charity and beiu*volent work, taking a sincere interest in the betterment of the outcast." Her published book, entitled " Hehiiul the Scenes, or Nine Years .at the Four Courts of St. I.ouis," showinj^ up tlu' various phases ami tlejjrees of depravity ill those comintj under lu'r notice, is a very readable and valu- able book. .Many reforms h.ive been brouffht about through her influence Llurin^ her experience as Police Matron. .She is a thorou>;li outspoken Prohibitionist, declarinjj w.ar to the knife .a^.'iinst the le^.ali/.ed tirink trartii". Her motto is, *'\Vhen our Ciiivei ninent is no Kui^er .a partner .and the hij^j^est controller of the nefarious trallic, and not till then, will our country be rid of the pest." She is a prominent CV. T., .a member i>f the Grand I.odjfe of Missouri, and its (iiand .Supt. of Juv. Templars for the State. .\ valu.able pamphlet has been published and widely cir- culated, entitleil "Reform," beinjf the substance of .'i thoujrbtful paper prepared hy her and read before the National Institute of Superintendents of Juv. Temp. Work at Findlay, O., in 1892. MRS. KATlv WORMAN EMMONS, Illinois State Supt. of Literature of the \V. C. T. I'., w.is born in Mendota, I.aSalle Co., III., May 9, 1S66. Her father, Thomas J . W o r m an, was born in Viixinia, one of the K. !•". Vs. Her mother, Sarah P. Brown, is of tju.'iker parent- :i^e, ,'ind was born in HulValo, N. Y. Mrs. Kminons ri*- ceived her eiluca- tion in Rock Falls, and Cliicapo, III., gradual iiij; in 1SH4. She is a member of the Conf;ie>f.i- tional Church, .'iiiil liiids time for active work in the Y. P. S. C. E., in which she takes an ab- sorbing interest. She likewise takes .a t'orwjird part in t h e movement o f the Christian Citi- zenship Leajfue. Mrs. Emmons has since she was 16. She ^ •T". -^'^ 'It^ , T. U. been a vijforous worker in the W. C. lias done much effectivi- platform work, and been a fearless writer for tlu press. She is .a member of the Illinois St.ate Ho.ard of Charities. In the Social Purity Ocpt. she has done much practi- cal, actu.'i! Wi>rk. Mrs. Emmons is very unassuming' in m.'inner, yet endears herself to those who meet her. In iHSjshe was mar- ried to L. I.. Emmons, Jr., of Rock Fiills, who is on the editorial staff of the " n.iily Standard," of Sterling', 111. They have four brijfhl childien, three sons and one daunhter. Mrs. Emmons is a Third Parly Prohibitionist, and enjoys the honor of having like- wise, her husb.ind, her father, .mil her six brothers, all of the s.'inie polilii'al persuasion. REV. CHARLES SMITH was born in Hull, Eng,, on June ■^, 1846. He is descended from a numerous Methodist pre.aching lineage. He is a nephew of Jackson Wray, the renown- e d preacher a n d author, and the latest of whose volumes, "The Red, Reil Wine," is pro- nounced " the best tempi'rance story ever published." A 111 a r k e d resemb- lance in the appear- ,'ince of uncle and nephew is obvious from the fact that persons who never saw the former readily pi onounce one oi' his earlier photographs to be the " up-to-d ate" picture of the lat- ter. Mr. Smith's first temperance work w.is ilone be- fore he was in his teens, as o n i' e a week he visited the saloons with temperance tr.icts and g.ive them to the inmates. In 1870, by request of Dr. Punshon, he entered the Canadian Methodist ministry, and has since that time always maintained active inleresi in temperance atfairs. \ native genius of elo- iiuence and of literary taste was inherited from bis mother, and these have been cultivated by painstaking study .■iiid twenty- six unbroken years of pulpit and |ilalform work. One of his ministerial brethren, after hiviring him preach two sermons, wrote to the "Cluardian"; "As a preacher he has few equals, and still fewer superiors." His temperance sermon on "Winning Fame with an Axe," and his address on "Temperance Optim- ism," were pronounced masterpieces of eloquence. 140 PROHIBITION LEADERS. 4 1 C'.KN. JAMKS AnM.KTON, one o\' tlu- pioiuvrs ol IVuhi- hition, was horn in IpNwii-h, Mass., in 178*1, anil tlifil in tlu* saim* plarf in iS(>.». Hr lu'tanu' lU't'pIy in- ti'rvstril in tfinpi'r- atu'i' in liis yotitli. Wlitli' listtMiin^f li> a til' ha 1 1' o n t lu' I i- ii'nsf ipii'stiiin in I ht' Massatiuist'lls Lf^islaluif in iH^i , hi' hi-ranu' lon- \imi'd o\ \Uc fallarv and I lit ili t y i>t li- viMisf, am) at oucc i-anio owl as a Hrm advoiatt' of* l*ri>hi- hit ion. II I* pif- paml a pi'tilion lo I lu- Massarluisftts Stat f lA'j.jislal\n I', prayinj; tor thi* pro- liihition ol thf sali* oi livjuor in i)iianti- tifs U'ss than lliirly i^allons. This lUft i^rtMt opposition, and, i'M"(.'pt in iht* irralioii of puhUi* st'ntinuMit, atToni- pHshi'd notliing*. Ht» rfintuod lo Port- land, Mf., in 1S33, anil was I'lt'rli'd in iS^b to tho Stati- Lo^isla- ture. As Oiairnian of a Connnittiv on St.iti' l.iii'tisi' Laws hi* pro- st'nled a report ondinj^ with a pliM tor total Prohihition. "I!" wo havt' any law on ilu' suhjtvt," said ho, "it should ho ahsolutoly prohihitory." Whilo tho rojTOrt was laid i»n tho tahlo tho lo^io ot" it awakonod tliou}.;ht alon>^ linos that rosiiltod in tho famous Slaino Law ol* 1S46, whioh was al'torwants iniprovoil hy tho law ot' 1H57, oontaining soaroh and soi/uro i-lausos. Historians ot tho nunoinont holiovo that to him, as nuioh as any othor, holon^s of rij^ht tho titio, '* Kathor ot" Prohi- bition." MKS. srSAN S\0\VI>KN KKSSKNOKN, ProsidonI of tho M.issaohnsotts \V. I". T. L'., was horn in C'iiuinnati, i^hio, Doo. 10, 1S40. Sho ^:rad- u.a t oil from I h o C'iiu'imiati I'omale Sominarv in iH^.S. Sho says sho shout - Oil horsflf hoarse for tho WliiK Party, hut whon tho sl.ivory issuo oanio up she hooamo an onihusi- aslii' Kopuhl'n, only to loavo that Parly and join tho Pro- hihiiionisis whon it hooamo o\ iiUMtt that Ihi' Ivrpuhln Paily would not risk tho o\ orl h row of the liiptor traftU*. Sho has boon aolivo in \V. C. T. I', work, as woll as in many othor hnos of roli- >;;ious and philati- thropii' work, .and is a monibor of the L'ong'roj.I^at io n a I Church. Sho says: **! havo noyordoi»e any t hin>f of any spooial nu>niont, hut havo poj^^j^^oil away at littlo thin>^s as oppor- tunity ofl'orod." Sho lias rtsiijod in tho Kast for tho last ton yoars, with tho oxooption of ihroo y.:ii- sp*.nt abroad. Sho sorvod as Nat. Supt. of tho Dopl. o( Franohiso, anili*" iStjo wasoloitod Pres. of tho Massaohusotts I'nion. Sho is oi- of tho most scholarly and st.'itosmanliko speakers that llu' W'liito Ribbon movomont has pro- duood. It is hor ^ood fortuno ti» ' 'ivo somothinjj to say and to say it with oloarnoss anil lonviotion, v it and wisdom, Mrs. I'Vssondon has wondort'ul intollootual bahuu\ , oombii -i with tho most win- nm^ and womanly g^raoo, and doli^'hts */Oth tho niasoulino and feminine auditors in any assembly of educated people. HOWARD S. TAVI.OR, ifonorally known as "Harry" Taylor, was born in Staunton, \'a., J.in. ii), 1H47. Whon a lad oi 10 ho removed, with his I'atlu'r's family, ti> Illinois, .'Old was roaroil amonj;^ the intluonces oi' the i^roat West. Whon ih ho enlisted in the L'nion Army, serv- ing' until tho olosi' of the war. Return- ing from tho war he taujfht soliool for a time ami bejjan tho stuily o\' the law, hut foi liujf a call to tho I'In'istian min- istry he ontorotl upon that work in tho Haptist doiutm- ination, in which he continued, occupv- inj^ important pul- pits in di tVcront citio-N, until iHi)o, always as a radical Prohibitionist. In iSS4he left the Re- publican Party anil entered tho I'rohi- bition Party. He has done oft'octivo work as a Prohibition orator in many Western States, and has made valuable contributions to IVohihition litera- ture ill his sonj^^s, winch are widely known and iuij;. Many of the most popular Prohibition son^s used by Pari , workers were written by Mr. Tayloi -such as "The Rrewer.-i" Bi)f Horses," "The Sunday School Man," "The Walls of Jericho," "Molly and the Baby,' " Lillibulero,' "Clear the Track," "Roll Alontj, Children." "The Man With n Musk'*t," has obtained a National reputation, and is widely i-ed on Peeoration Day occasions. Mr. Taylor resides in Chicago, and is engaged in law anil real estate business. CHARLKS CHRISTIAN I.KIGH was born in Philadelphia on Christmas Day, iSij. His parents moved to Now York State dur- in^^ his infancy, and died before he was 12. He lived in tho Knipire State oinhty-threo yoai s, sixty-one of which ho spent in New \'ork and Brooklyn .is a merchant. He ihrow his whole onorj^y into the Aholit ion mo ve- ni o n t . He w a s C' ha inn an of 'he Clenoral Connnitlee o\ the Republican Parly ot New \orU c i t V, and was a meniher oi' the Con- vent ion which nomi- nated Ci»'iu'ral Kro- inont for President of the C. S. He was an active Re- publican during the war and roconstruc- livo periods, and .after failini^ to in- duce the i*arty to espouse Prohibition he left it, aiul was the Hrst nominee oi' the Prohibition Party for Governor of the Stale, in 1H72. In 1881 he was named by the Pro- hibitionists for Mayor of Brooklyn. He was very active in all work i'ov tho relief and improvement of the slaves, and in iW>j was inauo Chairman of the Kxecutivo Committee of tho National Kroodman's Relief .Association. He was one oi' the rocojfnizoil loaders in that jfroat legislative battle fought out in N. V. State botwoon 1845 anil 1855, in which such men as Greeley, Dow, Gar- rison, Raymond, Bennett, Bainum, Stone, Dodge, Tyng, Beecher, Cuyler and others, took part. He was an active lay preacher in the M. E. Church up to his death, January 14th, 1895. FROHIHITION l.KADKRS. 141 MKI.ANCTIION C. lAKKVVOOI>, D. H., w.is b30. Ill- was (uhii'attHl in till* piililii" si-lu>i>ls ,-nul in llif i"i>Ilf^i' !>!' till" ritv oi Ni*w \'oi"k. Ho was ordaini'il in llu' li'iptisl iltMuiin- inalixn I'l'li. (>, 1^*7". and in Jnni' lollow- ii)^ vallt'il lo tlu* pastorato ot' Willis S I r o i- 1 H a p 1 i s 1 t'liuivh, I'atiMsiv;, N. J. In iKHo In- bi-iaini- pastor ol till- First Haplist C'huri'h, Albany, \. v.. and in iHHj was lallcd 10 llio Hap- t i s t (.' Ii 11 r I- b a t Wbili-ball, N. v., .'iiul in 1HK5 fnttTfil on his loiij; pastor- ate at C'int'iiniati. W'bili' in Albany bis literary antl pulpit Jibilit\- bi'i^an li> attrai't Ibe atli'ntion of the press ot' tlu' eountrw II.' was the "stalwart L'baplain" of tbe New \'oi'U Ke^islalni*e ibirin^ the (larbelii-C'onklinji: str'u^- ){le. lie beeaine well-known as a leetmer and writer, both in Ibe I'niled Slates and Canada. Wbile in C'ineiini.iti .Mr. l.oik- wood discovered tbat the Repiibliean Party was in alliance with the beer intei'ests of that eity, and this led to his iH>nversion to the Prohibition Parly lie eaine out soon after and joineil the Prohibition Party. In iSqo be was nontinaled for bead of the Prohibition liekel in tbe Slate of Ubio. He w.is sava>;ely assailed by partisans in tbe Cluireh and anion^ tbe Kepnblieans, but e.'iine out iinse.'itiit>d. JAIOH BENTI.KV (.■-RAW, I). I)., w.is born at Kahw.iy, \. J., Oel. ^4, 1K3J. He was ediieated in tbe K.ihway and Hlooiii- tield Seinin.'iriesand .\ e w York H i K h .School, passing a whole collejfe i-urri- ciiluin under private instructors After study for tbe minis- try he entered the .New Jersey Confer- ence .\l. K. C'liurch ill 1H55. He served in a 11 y I e a d i n j{ churches in \. J., and W.IS P. K. four limes in seventeen ye.-irs. I iv has been elecleil to all tlen. Conference', since 1H7-'; t^ii^ht years ineiiiber of the den. Hook C'oinniittee; III e 111 her o f t h e C'liiircli Kxtensioii Hoard, and also of tiie .Mission Hoaril, .ind a liuslee of Pennington .Semin- ary, nickinson I'ol- le^ce. and the .Anier- ic.'iii reniperance L'niversity at Hai'rini.'in, Tenn. The Teinper.'inci' Kelorin e.'ii'ly enlisted Or. (Iraw's ciieixies. He founded 'Tbe .\ew Jersey Teinper.'ince Ci.'izetti'," which tu' eiliteil anil publisbeil i>\'er twenlv- four years. He was ("■. C T. of the I. O. C"i. T. in New Jersey for a luiinber of years, representing^ N.J. in the R. W. Ci. I.iulije in the sessii>n of 1H73 in I.iinilon, Kn^. I le li;is oi-cupii*i] .-i prominent place in Ibe lecture lield, ^;cnerally on li'niper.ince .inil Prohibilion. I*Vom 1S60 lo iHHi he w.'is a Republii-an, siiu'e which d.'ite be b.'is been a political Prohibitionist, help'nif to or>faiiii:e and susl.iin the Parly in N.J. He founded "Island lleifflits,' a reliffious and temperance resort, ;ind has been its President since 1H78. ARTHl'R MARCH KK.ATHERSTON, of Montreal, Pom. Councilor of Ibe R. T. of T. of Canada, is a Canadian by birth, but oi' Kii^lisb par- en la >;e. He w;is born in the town oi' I.acolle, Province of (."•iiebei-. May i.^tli, iS^.:, iht- son of William K-.ilher- stoii, a in 'reliant, and ,M;iria March, daughter of Col. M a r i" b. He was etlui-ati'il at I..'ii'i>lli' .Acatlemy. He is ji m a n of excellent business b.'ibits anil training, and stands a m o n ^ the wi'll- recojjnized leailin^;' business men of Ibe commercial metro- polis of Can.'ida. He is President of the Keatberstone Piano Co. of Mon- treal, a leadiiij^ Canadian eslablish- nienl of its class, and also a success- ful merchanl. He is a liberal member of the Methodist Church, and in politics was a member of the Liberal Parly, but is now resolved to make Prohi- bition a dominant issue in all his political effoiis. He has been a life-lonp teni|>erance man, joininjf the Band of Hope when ,1 small boy, and the S. of T. and G. T. later on. He became a R. T. when that Order was first introduced in Montreal, and it owes much of its present jfood standing and remark.ible success lo his wise counsels and earnest efforts. He was elected Grand Coun- cilor of Quebec in 1888, and Doni. Vice-Councilor tbe followinjf year. In 1890 be was elected Dom. Councilor, the highest posi- tion in the Order, which position be has held ever since, the mem- bers everywhere recogni/.injf his excellent fitness for that oHice. M\RON H. CI,.\RK, the one Prohibition Ciovernor of the .State of New York, was born in Naples, .\. W, Oct. i-\, 1806. He was educated in the schools of his native town, and bcffan business a.s a clerk in Caiian- dai^ua, .N. Y. He was elected Stale .Senator in 185J. Wbile in Ibe .Sen.ile, and Cb.'iirmaM of the Conimiltee, he reported the "Hill lor tbe Suppression of liileniperance," a strictly Prohibi- tory me.isure, which passed both Houses, l-.ut was vetoed I y lunernor .Seymour. .Senator Clark was the leader of the deb.ites on this sub- ject. Hewaselect- I'tl (loveinor of N, Y. .State in 1854 by a combination of Piobibilionists and .\nti-Slavery men upon a stionjf Pro- hibit ion platform. Tbe contest for Ibe lioyernorship was one of National interest. The "Tribune," under lireeley's editorship, and Ibe "Herald," (J. C Bennetl), strongly supporliiiff the Prohibition candidalc-i and the law which had bee • .eloed by I'lov. Seymour. The vol,, stood as follows: Clark 15,4, H04; Seymour, 154,495; I'llinan, iii,2j2; Bronson, .VV.VSO' Oi rinfr his lerin of office lie also .secured Ibe pa.ssajfe of anollit .■ Prohibition State law, which Ibe Courts de- clared unconstitutional on a technicality. In 1874 he was a^ain the Prohibilion Parly candidate for the (iovernorsbip. He lived nearly all bis life at Canandai^ua, where he occupied several official governmental positions, and where be died Aug. 23, 1892. »4» PROHIBITION LEADERS. TALUIE MOROAN, of Srnuiton, I'a., oiu- of iho host known l'roliihilioni>ls in Anifiira, was lioin in Wali-s, (.Vt. jH, 1S5K, aiul rami' to Sf I'a 11 ton, I* a. , wlu'M 17 M'ars okl. Hi' was inai'fii'ii at 22, atul ht>);an the pnhlii'atioti of "Tlu' Salurilay Kcvirw, " an I tiili'po n il t* n t Kfpiililii'an pa|H'f. Ill' ni'Xt pulilislii'il t h I' " C a ni I) r o - Anu'fii'an," whii'li in 1HS4 was loyally stippoi'tin>f J ami's I'l. hlaini' for I'ri'si- ilonl. Ill' li I'a III (."ol. Hain ilt'li\i'i' a spt'i'i'h fi»f Pi'ohilii- tion about a wi'i'k bi'fort' till' oli'ition, till" ri'siill of wliirli was lliat Mr. Mor- jf;in vi>ti'il foi' Ji^ini 1'. St. John. Within :i month his I'niiri' printing otlii'i' w;is il 11 I- n I' il to t h o ^rinntil. Hi' wi'nt to work in a store, and in 1HH6 bi'j;an publishin>; "Tlii' I'roliihilionist, ' anil in Jainiary, 1KM7, tlii' pub- lication of "Tho I'l'opli'." Sini'i' |8<).> Mr. Mor>;an lias liron at the hi'ail of ilu' Nation.il I'roliibilion I'ri'ss Buri'an of N'l'W \iirk and Si'ianton, and has piililislu'd thr ni'wsp.ipi'r plati's that h.ivi' dono so inuib for Ihi' I'rohibition pivss. Ho is llio puhlislu'r ol the "O. I. C. l.t'aflfts," and tho oditor of a monthly Prohibition papiT. Hi- is till- author of tin- ".Short Story," ".\ Ti-rribli' Ri'veii(ji*," "Tilt" Farinor and His I'lun," "On a I.i'hi>fli \'al- ley Train," ".\ Pair of Kids," and many othor widi'ly-ri'.id tracts. Soini- of his arliclos art- I'Xtonsivi'ly quoted ihrouKiiout the I'nion. Rt>I.H') KIUK HK^■.\^' was born on a Michigan farm. May b, 1H41). Kxi'i'ssiM'li b.ishful .'IS ,-i rlillil. so that his niothi'r I'oulil not inilui'i' him to ri'pi'.'il till' simplest w o r il s , hi' hail a "m.irki'd" trait, na- t n r I' ' s i-ompi'ns.'i- tion, in his ability to porlr.iy by his h.'tnils vvli.'it his lips refnst'il to utti'i'. Ou barn iloors, in the s .'I n d , on s n o w ihifts, lie niarki'il, ".iiiil in lime be- I'aine a ri'in.'irkable markiT." .\ liir^e inantil.'ii-turin^ coii- c I' r n si'curi'il h i s ser\'ii"es as a s.'iles- man of machinery. His t .1 1 e n t no w stooil him in ^ood ■^te.-iil, for hi' ilhis- [ rali'il his points in ~in 11 ;i w.iy that ofil soon c:inie to ■. i'mpli>\ ers. Pro- motion f o 1 1 o w c d promotion, until, its m.'ina^^er, with the the sunniest pros- pects, he resi).fiicd, that he iniijht ilevotc himself to his peculiar art. He invented the " rcvolvinif white blackbo.iril," iinil iiisti- tiiteil the "Chalkl.ili|u.i " School of .\it. .\s ch.ilk .irtist, lecturer ;uul cntert.'iiner, he is wiileU' kiuiwii. Hi' h;iiiilli's, whili' lei'tur- iti);, several colors of cr.iyon, iisin^; both hands at once, brin^finj; about otten, by a suililen turn t.'ii' his str.'nij^ely coiulucted ri'volv- inj; easel, and a few additional strokes of crayon, ileli>;hlful translonn.'itions .iiiil surprise.. Mr. Uy.in has loiiff been a total abstainer and is ;i political Prohibitionist. He stands in the froi t ranks of the ailvoc.iles of mor.il refonn and relij;ious profrress. I'l" B. I.ACY HOOK, Chairman of the Prohibition Stale Exe- cutive Committee of Virjjinia, was born .\pril S, iS6,^, In Moiit- j^omery Co. , \' .a . His father, James I'". Hofje, was a dis- tinguished Lawyer and statesman of the sjime C"o. ;inil Slate. His mother, Kliza J. Hone, was ;i danj^hter of the Hon. .Andrew John- ston, of Ciiles Co., \" a . T h e H o ^ e l.imily has, for over a hundreil years, been one of the most distinguished ii f X'ir^inia. It is noted for the larj^e number of able min- isters of the Ciospi'l and Lawyers it has furnished. The death of his father, and the disasters Mial followed the Civil War, placed him at the aj^e ol ci^ht years u p o 11 his own resources, and il was through •. A. & M. College at jfan the practice of law anoke, \'a., in tikyo, iiiff a laixe practice. er, of V'irjjinia, anil He is a member of ibitionist. He is an been his chief work of one of hi.s eani- 'ork Voice," he was his own efforts he was educated at the Black.sburtf, Va. He studied law, and be at Chrisliansburff, Va. He moved to R where he has practiced law ever since, hai He was married in 1887 to Nellie Hatd has two children, one ^firl and one boy. the Missi' ry Baptist Church and a Prol effective and eloquent speaker, and this liaf for the Prohibition Par'.y. In an accoun \\v 'Ne paitjils for Local Option styled "the silver-tongued orator of Montgomery. KKV. HARKV 1.. IIOIT, iM.uid Chief Templar of the 1. Ci. T. of \'ii>;iiii.i, was born .it Slieplieidslown, W. \'a., Sept. 16, i.Shi. He re- I'l'ivi'il his I'lluc.'i- tion, primarily, in till' schools oi his native St.ile. llr.iil- ualiiii;' in Colli'^i' w i I h \'ali'ilii'tory honoi , he entered till' mi'rc.'uilili' busi- lu'ss, i n w h i c h , though successful, 111' si'cnu'd restless, .'inil, li'.'iviti); this, t'or fui' years he followed a c.ireer most brilliant and suci'i'sst'ul .a s ;i n I'dui'ator. When, in i8<)i, he felt called to the ministry, he l.'iiil ilown his lucra- li\i' position as Pro- t'essor, ;ind enteretl the Baltimore M. K, C'onference. His l.ibors in this field were attended with jj^reat success. His temper.'inee career be^an, as he pro- perly avers, when at 4 years of Hf{e, he inaile his first temperance speech. He h.is been an earnest and eloipient advocate of the cause. He held hi){li positions in the I. O. Ci. T. of W. Va., and in 1894, when a delefjate to the C.. 1.. of Va. at Staunton, by his zeal, iibility, readiness in debate, and affability, he won the admir- ation of the O. I,., and was called to fill the position of Chief Kxecutive of the Order in the Slate. His eloquence, sociability and sterliiiff qualities won him hosts of friends all over the State, and at the jKth Session at Lynchburjt, he was re-elected by ac- clamation. Bro. Houl is a Prohibitionist in all issues, firm and in- defatiffable, and is doin^ much to advance the temperance cause. PROHIIUTION LEADERS. 143 RKW H. S. MATTHKWS, the sfveiilli son ot llif l;il,- Riilu'ii iuul Abijfitil .Mallliows, was born al \\'inHlbiiil){t', Maivh i(>, i«,iH. Ill- was t>iliu'attul priiu'i- pally al ihi- WihhI- b I' i il >; I' p u b I i (- M'hool, ft'ft'i viti jf his i-|;issii-al train- ing' utuU*r the late lriinti). l-.i N\>vt'inlH'r, |S(> nc t'ntt'roci l!u' M.-iiioil- ist ministry. Hi- was a intMiibor of tlu' (uMiffal C'onfV'r- oni'i's of iSSj, i>(H^, iHS(), iKi)<>.inil iS<)4. Ill' h;is bfiMi l)is- trirt L'liairnian tor twi'Uo yi-ars, anil .It pro sent has ih.irKi" of Krailforil Oistrii't. In iK()o li i" w ;i s I' 1 1* I' I f il See rotary of the Toi'onto Confei'- eiiee (sei-i>nil tinii'), .'inii in iH()i he was '■ . ~ ehosen Presiilent. .Mr. .Maltliews is ;i Freemason, .'mil al the pri'senl is a l';ist Master' of Spr\' l.oil^i*, No. ,^^5, C'l. K. C. Orijjinally Cofiservative in polities, in 1SH7 he imiti*il with C'.'in.'ul.'i's New Party, .'mil iliil a ^re;it ile.'il oi' woi k for it. He is now ;in .'ulvanei'il Prohil»itii>iiist. He is .'i .Son i>f Temperani'e, .'md in iSi)i wjis I'li-i'li'il tl. W. .A. Hi- is ,'i R. T. i>f T., and has rei-ently bi-en eleeleil (.i. ''.; .'ilso a I'l'present.'itive to the Dom. C'ouiu'il. Onrin^f the plebiscite eampaij^n in iSi)3 he was President of York County Assoeiation, and, with other noble workers, I'oIIeil np J.ooo niajoi'ity for Prohibitiiin. He m.'tkes larjfe use of the press, and is a power on the platform for the eause of Prohibition. .MRS. KI.IZA \V. FOI.I.KTT, of S|)eneer, Wis., was born at Heverly, Ohio, in 1S41), her parents bein^ RutuMt Emmetl Wilson, and .Mary W'lnKman, of Can- nonsbur^, Pa. .She is It daughter of the revolution on her mother's siile, her jfre.'it grandfather h.iviti); served dur- iiiH the Revolution- ary War. Ilere.irly lite vyas spent in Ohio and Western Pennsylvania, and she reeeived her edueation In the sehools of Mata- nioras, Ohio, and Heaver .Seminary, Pemisyhania. At fifteen we find her teaching seliool. At sixteen she united with the Presbyter- i.'in C'hureh. Her httsbanil, tleo. I. l*"ollett, is a promin- ent lawyer of north- ern Wiseonsin. They h.'ive Iwoehil- dren, a'llauffhterj.'ind son. Mrs. Follett has been indel'ati>;able in her efforts to promote the eaiise of Prohibition and eipial suffrajfe, and has been speei.illy loved and trusted in the work. She has been six ye.'irs President of the Women s (.'hrislian Temperanee I'nion in one of the larjfest districts in the State, and in that oHii-e ilisplays rare exeeinive ability in her methods of eon- duetin^: the work. The honor of representinjf her Distriet at National Conventions h.'is been i'i>nferred upon her five times, and she enjoys the eontideiue and co-operation of her fellow workers to the fullest extent. Her principles are pronounced, and although not inelined to discuss politics, an old style politician always feels dissatisfied and homesick after a talk on iiolitics with Mrs. Follett. MRS. FANNIK H. CARR, of Camden, N. J., received hi r initiation into agffresslve temperance work whilst laboring; with the famous I'vati- Kelisl, Hwifjlit L. Moody, in Philadel- phia, in 1H75. In the room devoted to the rescue of the victims of Kiiiff .\l- i"i>hol , s h i* h a d nifjhtly object les- sons concerning the trui' inwardness of the moilern sum of all villianies — the 1 1* ^,'1 1 i z e il liipior IrafVic. In this, and in the Murphy Cru- sailc, she iearneil that whilst these aj^t'ni'ii's were I'es- c.iinjr one victim, the saloon was makinjr .1 hundred more. Thus she came to see that the objective point of all intelliffent temper- ance effort is Pro- hibition. .And yet, •vhilst emphasizing this position, she has labored with j;reat success in ^fospel len>- perance lines. Believintf that the only infallible remedy is deliv- erance throujjh the Oreat Financipator, she never fails to point the victim of rum to what she believes is tl...- sovereig^n cine. Be- side her work along temper.'ince and Pi'ohibitii^n lines, Mrs. Ci'rr has been engaged for twenty ye.'irs as an evangelist, not onlv in her own (the Methodist) Church, but in those of sister denomina- tions. Her original conviction concerning the only elTectual method of dealing with the vexed prohlent — its entire prohibition — has grown with increasing experience, illustrating the axiom that "a heroic disease requires a heroic remedy." She represents the American Temperance University at Harrinian, Teim. OKOROE E. BRACKETT, editor of "The Maine Tem- perance Record," and Grand Secretary of the I. O. G. T. for Maine, was born in Belfast, Me., and has spent his entire life there. He has had an unbroken membership in the I. O. G. T. for ,15 years and has been Grand Sec. for 22 years. He is well known, not only through the Pine Tree Stale, but has tlu* esteem and con- fidence of large numbers of the G. T. army throughout the world. He has attended nine ses- sions of the Right W o r t h y G r a n d I. o d g e , and has laken active part in their deliberations. He etiits in good style "The Maine Temperance R e c - ord," the oflficial oigan of the Good Templars of the .Sl.'ite. In politics he is a Republican, aiul is thoroughly versed in the principles of Prohibition and a loyal supporter of it at the polls. It may be doubled if the record of his long membership of the Order, coupled with hislirand Lodge office for over twenty years, can b. duplicated in the I. O. G. T. He is married. He has had many evidences from the Order of the wide esteem and un- shaken confidence in which the Good Templars hold him, in the many positions of trust conferred upon him. H's friends describe him as a man loyal to the core, true to his friends and the cause he represents, and |H'rsistent in his endeavors to ovarthrow the rum power. 144 PROHIBITION LEADERS. RKV. JOHN B. HKIAVIC; i> .1 native of Tiisiarawas CH., i'^liio, liavii]>; bfi'ii burn at Canal Ptivrr. His lalluT was of llu^ui'Mot aiii't's- Iry; his inolht-r's parfnta^i' wasKn)f- lisli. I U' bv^nn Wt'c iu\ I lu* lai'in, antl stTvi'tl an appi't*n- (ii'fship at hlaik- sniitliin>;. Iff tMi- liMt'tl \\"it ti'iibiT^ C'ollfK«' in ifi.S.S. and Kiadiiati'd in iMii. Hf was pi'iiniint'nt ill till* hliM ai'\ lilt* i>l till' I'olli'Kf, and .1 It'.uU'r' in dfbalt*. Il<- bfjran his min- istry at Sulphur Springs, Ohio, and sorvi'il pastorales a t L a n I'a s t v r , Spriri^flii'ld, C'iniin- iiati, Dayton and Akron. W'hiio at I'ayloii lie was ileeted President ot* his Alina Mater, WiltenluMn L'ol- lejje, lu>ldin^ the position e i ^ h t years, when lu* was Ci>nipelled to resi^^n on aeei>nnt ot' iU-lieallh. His 1,'ttest i-|iargi> is the First Presbyterian LMiureli, L'ibana. He is also I'lesiili-nt ol the Ohio Sunday Sehool Association. He is also a member ol'the Board of Trustees of \V'tii>ster University. Oeeasion;illv during pastoral work he has devoted himself to the leeture Held. His family consists of his wile, formerly Miss Kli/.a A. Miller, of Helle- fontaine, and their dau^^hter, tliace. He was formei'U' a Kepub- I Ciin, but in 1885 joined the IVoh'bition Party, casliu).; his tirsi vote for Dr. A. B. Leonard for Cnn rnor of Ohio. In 18S1) Dr. Helwi)f w.'is chosen by the Prohibitionists of Ohtii as their candi- date for Governor, his vote beinj{ jb,504. KHODKRIlK DHl' C.AMHKKI.I., son of Kev. J. H. Oain- brell, was bt>rn in Nanst'ntanil i."o., \'ji., Dei- .21, iMiJ. Wheji n years old he wa!> converted, and joined the Baptist Church. He studied at the i\!ississippi lolle^e at Clinton, and at the a^e of 19 he bejian his career as an editi»r in Jackson, Miss., and in Ih.'it city, iui the ni^ht of May 5, 1S87, he was .-(ssHN- sinated by i>ne of I lie leaders of the w h i s k !• y r i 11 ff in Hinds County. He was a most excel- lent y tiling m.'in.edi- t*>r of the "SwortI .Mill Shiekl," a PiHi- hibition paper, and an iiivelei ate enemy *tf the liijuor triiffie. I le was a leader in llie Local Opt ion contf-t which b.an- islieil t he saloons from the capital of the .Stall'. Korthis lu' w;is bitterly hati-tl by the liquor nu'ii, who hail repealetlly threatened his lite, ami two attempts had bei'ii made to kill him. I'pon the disciuerv of the .'issassinatit>n threats were made of lyiu'hin)^:, but the father ot the ytnmj; man published an ;ippe;d lor a lawful trial. In the first trial the assassin and one of his accotn- plici*s were sent to jail. Tlu* Hnal trial was held in an .'iiljoinin^ count)', before a jury ** worketl " by a man wIk> boastt'il that he had "fixed" four of the jurors. The .'icquittal of the prisoner was a forej»;one conclusion. When the prisoner was released he was escorted to the city of Jackson with noisy demon- strations. J. J. ASHKNHURST was born in Ohio Co., \V. Va., Oct. ig, 1848. His father, Rev. J. Y. .Ashenhurst, was a Presbyterian minister, an arilent Abolitionist, and an electi>r on the Ber- iiey Ticket in 1844. After removal to Hayesville, O., the son received his education ai Ver- million Institute. When 15 years of ;ij^e h',» i^ot posses- sion of an amateur printiiijf press, and soon issued " The Hayesville Chroni- cle." Later he en- tered the " l"imes " office, at .'\shland, O. He was one of the first to join the Prohibition Parly in 1 869 at its organiza- tion in Ohio. He be- jf.in campalf^nin); in those early d.'iys for the Prohibition nominee. He pub- lished the Ohio Val- ley "News" for two years as .-i straiffbt Prohibition paper. In 1880 he be^fan the publication of the " Press" at Kreeport, and in 1882 assumed the editorship of the " Wayne County Herald " at Wooster, which was then called the best edited Prohibition paiier in the United .States. In 1888 he removed to Omaha, Neb., and hio Prohibitionists for Conjfiess. He pi>lled a large vote for Oovernor, in 1891, as Prohibition candidate. RKV. DkWITT CLINTON HUNTINGDON, D.D., was born in Townsend, Vl., April 27th, 1830. His father was a lawyer, but brou)unjf DeWitI con- nected himself with the M. K. Church, and in 1853 was re- ceived into the min- istry as a member of the X'ermont An- nual Conference. 11 e preached i n llornellsville, Syra- cuse, Rochester, Olean, N. V., and Bradford, Pa. In 1891 he accepted the invitation to Trinity Church, Neb. He has been twice Presidinji^ Kl- der, ami served in six General Confer- .•nces— 1868 to 1888 inclusive. In 1881 he was a member of the First Ecumen- ical Methodist Con- ference in London, En>;., after which he visited the principal countries of Europe. At 21 he bewail tem- periiiu"e work, beinff elected a member of the Vernuint State Teni- (H-rance Convention. He look an active part in the campaign which >fave the Maine law to Vermont. A larjje number of his sermons have been published, those upon " The Death of Abraham Lincoln," "'I he Wron^js of the Liquor Traffic and Whiit Good Men Have to do Alwut Them," "The Cotton King and the Rum Kinjf," "The Impudence of the Grojf Shop," having been widely circulated and quoted. Dr. Huntinjfdon was at one time an active member of the Repuhlic.in Party, but left it to join the Prohibition in 1874, and in 1886 was nominated by the latter Party for Congress. SPEECHES AND LECTURES OF THE LEADERS OF THE TEMPERANCE REFORM WITH ARTICLES BEARING UPON THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT " CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR AND THE SALOON. BY JOHN G. WOOLLEY. frhe following i> the atldreu of Mr. Wootley il the f>reat Chriit- ian Kmlcavor Convention heleaiitiful garments, O Jerusalem. Shake thyself from the dust. Arise, loose thyself, () captive (laughter of Zion, for ye have sold your- selves for naught, and ye shall he redeemed without money!" CHURCH RESOLUTIONS VS. SALOON HE-SOLUTION. The case is l)etween church resolutions and saloon resolution, plural versus singular, miscellany versus solidarity, a [)ious sprinkling pot versus an ocean current of practical politics, local option versus universal empire, multiplication of fmctions, that is to say, division, pursuing the saloon, which is an integer. The difficulty, dimly seen for years, has crystallized into the maxim, "TemiK-rance people ought to get together." Of course we ought; l)ut wluTe? It hap|)ens at every change of the moon that some flabljy phiioso|)her pushes his [)eripatetic bandbox into the j)ublics(iuare, and challenges the saloon to mortal lompromise upon some contemjjtible Scanilinavian basis of profit-sharing, or the more brutally straightforward and American niethoil of a fixed price for taking civic honor out of politics, and for the debasement of public virtue to the plane of stark revenue like a brothel, and simijcrs to worn and anguished women and haggartl, beggared men, as they crawl out of the wreckage of their broken lives, " Behold how good and how pleasant it is for saints and saloonkee()ers to vote together in unity." THK HKIJ. I'HARISKK, WITH HONE.STV AT HALF MAST. And when some heart-wrung man cries out .igainst the truculent infamy, tli same ])hilanthropist sneers at him as a new-washed, impmicnt drunkard, "over-scrupulous," "a maligner of the church," "an auxiliaiy of the saloon," while the Ijell I'hari.see, with honesty at half-mast, struts into politics and delivers over the Christian vote into "a league with death and a covenant with hell," and answers the wail of stricken home.s, the voice of the church, and the plain word of Ciod, with the pusillanimous logic of the bargain counter : " It is not what we want, but it is cheap," and then, upon election day, the voting church eagerly ambles after a party leader to the polls and silently ratifies his offer of a lease of (Jod's world to Satan for a mess of spoils, and would mitigate the perfidy by saying that wrong is sometimes right in politics. And that is a lie, as black as ever flapped its bat wings at the glory of a sunset. IN NEW VORK CITV, OR HELL, OR NORWAY. And I, for one, dare stand apart and be a fool for Christ's sake, and call wrong wrong, in religion or politics, or New York City, or hell or Norway. For a man, a woman, a church, a city, a state, or a nation, to "buy the truth and sell it " is treason against the God of Truth, label it what you may: "tax" in Ohio, " license " in Massachusetts, " mulct " in Iowa or " bribe " in New York, it is a shame everywhere and forever. We would better stay a|)art eternally than get together in the nicest wrong. These elastic empirics, who would vivisect a living parti.san education, slaves of partisan habit, tools of the vilest hypnotism of parti.san suggestion. If we l)elieve it to comport with Christian profession to keep silent about the saloon at general elections, or that it is iiulifferent what we would do about it there, we ought to expunge our top-lofly resolutions like honest men, and st' p the braggart lies that have been published in our name. PROHIBITION LEADERS STAr.D UP I.IKK MKN ANII MAKK YOUR RKSfll.UTIONS GCWII. Be patient with me! I know you will scorn to take such action. Well, then, for the sake of the chivalry of your manhood, the luxury of self-res[x.'ct, the strength of your youth, the truth of the church, stand up like hrave men and make your resolutions good. 1 )() not a,sk me to instruct you how or when you may achieve the victory, or what party will win '.t. I don't know. No man can tell you that, for no man's mind is l)ig enough to calculate the tension of ideas, the strength of organiza- tions, the lines of least resistance, the resultant of infmite forces and antagonisms, the jiercentages of friction, or the (|uantum of inertia in the civic world. I have Init one clear vision to-day about it, and that I have come a thousand miles to give you. It is this: We must overcome the sag of dirty politics. How ? det out of it! Hut where shall you go ? Never mind. (let out of the slough, and then inquire the road. lAit me Ik; very clear about this. For instance, you are a young man, a Presbyterian, a Christian Kndeavorer, a Carolinian and a Democrat, and the election is coming on. Your church says : " No political party has the right to ex|)ect, nor ought it to receive, the support of Christian men so long as it stands committed to the license policy, or refuses to put itself on record in an attitude of open hostility to the saloon." THK U. S. SOCIKTIK.S OK C. K. ARK PI-KIKIKI) TO ANNIHII.ATK THK SALOON. The United States Societies of Christian Endeavor are pledged to annihibte the saloon in politics. Your State is impoverisheil, betrayed, debauchetl by it, and your party is pledged not to interfere. What are you going to do about it? Your Populist neighbor says, C^ome witli us and we will crush monopoly, throttle the banks, and establish the saloon upon a less obnoxious and more profitable basis. He may lie right about monopoly, but that ini({uity is not so clear to you as the saloon is, and the church has not yet taken position as to it, and you do not feel ready to rip up the financial sy.s- tem about which great statesmen appear honestly to differ very widely, and you cannot consent to engage in improving saloons. What are you going to do about it ? The Prohibition- ists say, Come with us and help us enfranchise every woman in the land, and we will vote the saloon out. Hut you are not ready to enfranchise women, nor hopeful of the effect of their influence in politics. What are you going to do about it ? Your Republican friend says. Come with us and we will do you good. Well, what good ? Republican victory means many things prob- lematically, but it surely means saloons. Where shall you go? I don't know, I tell you. Hut rememlwr the call of Abraham: "Cet thee out • • and I will slu)w thee." Co out of dirty parties, and Cod will tell you where to go next, 'i'hi rudder is at the stern of a Loat, or an idea. Move, then steer. WH.VT CHRISTIAN CITIZKNSHIP MKANS. Christian citi/en.ship means at lea.st two things — Christ- ianity and citizenship. The voting church, by trying to be true to parties, has l)e< n untrue to both. The Christianity that stays in dirty [wrties h)ses its savor precisely as the fishes of Mammoth Cave have lost their eyes. !'olitics is the average virtue. The first duty of a Christian is to raise the average by as much as his character weighs. Because we have lost sight of that, the parties have lieen able to dis- franchise civic Christianity and transmute the power of the church into the saloons. There are men enough at this convention to stop that now, and we have no business to ever pass another resolu- tion against the saloon until we have made up our minds to march out of that fellowship. To compromise with wrong is a surreniler of integrity. The supreme business of Christian Endeavor is to bring Christianity to |)ar. If it were cajiitalized to-day u()()n a liasis of five million shares at one dollar each, they would be selling in the political stock- exchange at less than five cents apiece. That is a|)i)alling, but it is true. Last general election ninety-five jkt cent, of Christian men consented to shut their eyes to the saloon to hel|) one moderate drinker beat another to the White House, and yet that ninety-five jh-t cent, are continually ask- ing us to projKise something practical. Wash your hands ; that is practical. NO PARTY OWNS MK. I SPKAK KOR A CI. KAN CHURCH. Somebody is sure to say that I have sjioken here in the interests of the Prohibition party. I make you my witnesses th.it I do not. No party owns me ; no party claims mi. I speak in the interest of a clean church, and in my judg- ment when tho church cuts loose from dirty politics there will come a new cleavage of voters, new ideals of citizenship, new measures of candidates, new meaning of loyalty, new victories, and a new country, and the Prohibition jxirty will have done its work and will di.sap|)ear. except in its one clean, noble page of American history, and there will be a new party either for Christians or for saloon-kee[)ers, for no honest party can hold Iwth. I sjieak in the interest of a robust and vital Christianity, that will not lie under obliga- tion to saloons, nor mix with cowardice or lies. JOIN IN THK Pl.KIHiE OK HAHAKUK. Oh, my friends, come up where the church stands, an imjiregnable fortress u])on the crown of the Rock of Ages. Come up where the air is better, the horizon wider, and where in the skyward silence you can hear Cod s]H;aking. Let the unclean parties know of you what they know of Francis K. ('lark, John Willis Baer, William Sh.iw, Wilbur ("hapman, Hallington Hooth, Bishop Fitzgerald, Joseph Cook, and some two hundred and seventy thousand others in the States alone, that though their citizenship go mule and inglorious fiirever for want of a |K»rty, their vote cannot be had, on any terms, for a man or a [xirty that does not say in the platform, "Do\»n with the saloon." Join e%-pry one of you to-night in the pledge of Habakuk, "I will stand 8 PROHIBITION LEADERS upon my watch-tower and see what God will say unto me." General Grant says, " There is a moment in every battle when the first advance means victory." The battle royal of the centuries is on. The church that never lost a fight with wrong, or ever succeeded in a stratagem against it, faces the saloon ujKin the fairest field and fairest term the universe could furnish, the ballot- box of a republic wlu'e, by divine right, the people rule. The voice of the trimmer is heard in the church and the state, saying "Let the saloon alone one more campaign, and let me lead you round about the good by stealth and the aid of enemies." Away with trimmers, great or small! ("owards to the rear ! Call in the pickets ! Close ranks ! Guide centre ! Forward, with this new battle cry. The Church for Christ ! t THE PROGRESS OF THE PROHIBITION MOVEMENT. An Address by the Rev. I. K. Funk, D, D., at the State Convention of the New York Prohibitionists in Saratoga, September, 1895. DELECATES of the Prohibition Party Convention of the State of New York, greeting : Permit me first to con- gratulate you that the name of your party is still Prohibition. The Prohibition party h.is been for years a stubborn, righteous minority. Said De 'roccjueville : " Stubborn minorities are the hope of republics." Especially true is this when a minority stands for conscience, for a truer, better manhood, for a nobler nationhood. President Seelye, some time l)efore his death, declared that the I'rohibition party was the most hopeful sign above the political horizon. Charles Sumner was profoundly right when he said : " If you wo. lid save the nation you must sanctify it as well as fortify it." 'l"he Prohibition party stands for political sanctification, a quickened and a quickening conscience in politics. This is one of the reasons for its continued existence. WHAT DOES THE BALANCE SHEET SHOW? What does the balance sheet of the Prohibition party reveal ? If we have done nothing for the present generation or for posterity we should .step aside. Posterity ? " Why," said Pat, when urged to do something for it, " why should I do anything for posterity ? What has it done for me ? " We differ with Pat. A ship heavily laden, sailing in the (lulf Stream, was caught in the doldrums. I )ay after day the surface current was moving against the ship's course, but not a breath of air stirred the sails. 'l"he hearts of the sailors were failing them. It seemed useless to raise or shift a sail, or move the rudder. The vessel lay in a dead calm and the drift was contrary ; but after a time a reckoning was taken, and lo ! the ship had gained hundreds of miles. All the time the sailors were complaining and discouraged, while all the surface indications were that the ship was moving backward, the strong undercurrent of that wonderful river in the ocean with its thousand hands had gripped hold of the bottom of the vessel and was pulling it toward the desired haven. In 1888 the Fisk campaign xeemed to have left the Prohibition party in the political doldrums. No pulling, no tugging, of sails has appeared to help. There has been a world of lamentations tind croakings. The surface indica- tions have bt;en against us; here and there a hand hxs dropped discouraged, and several of our best known leaders have gone beyond the veil and shadow. Seven long yc.nrs have passed. Some say that we have made no progress; some that we have drifted backward. Let us take a reckon- ing and see how true it is that __ THE (;RE.\T undercurrent that SETS TOWARD RIGHTEOUSNESS throughout the universe has all these years been carrying the party onward toward final victory. To change the figure, we have been as one walking westward on an east- ward-bound lightning express. While he is taking one step westward he is carried by the train a hundred steps east- ward. Our party has been carried by a power that encom- passed us, and is greater than we, onward and upward. Let us at the opening of this convention see where we are. Let us look at tl>e credit side of the Prohibition party balance sheet. Note first this fact : The party has been a leading factor in getting conscience into politics. It is to-day,' and has been for years, the grandest and most potent educational force, moral and political, in our nation. Its steadfa.stness for the right, its unflinching courage, its clearness of vision along moral, political lines, its cheerful self-abnegation, and its endless s.icrifices for conscientious convictions, are a leaven that is working irresistibly in the American meal-tub. THE WAII, OF the CROAKER. Some one croaks, "But the Prohibition party is not large." A bit of leaven ii not large, and yet it has in it that that leavens all the meal. But another exclaims, "The party has not grown." The (iolden Rule and the Ten Com- mandments are not a particle larger than when first iitterec', and yet all through the ages they have been lifting the world higher and higher, and never so effectively as to-day. The test is not si/e, but what that si/e contains, (lod chooses tlie apparently little things, weak things, of the world to work His wonders and confound the mighty. Ten years ago politics stood for greed. "To the victors belong the spoils," "All is fair in politics," "Politics 'a t»i I^^W^f!- I lO PROHIBITION LEADERS li . I politics," were common maxims that ruled ; and the name politician was a synonym for trickster from Maine to the Ciolden Cate and from the I>akes to the (lulf. To the old party politicians the Ten (Commandments and the (lolden Rule were iridescent dreams. Against all this the Prohibition party has heen an organized, untiring, immovahle protest. Every year the county and state Prohibition jwrty platforms and nominations were the voice of conscience, of a higher, truer, political ideal ; "a still small voice" they may have been, but they were a voice that has lieen heard from one end of the country to the other, heard and at last somewhat heeded. The day-dawn of <-leaner, truer politics in America is beginning to be recognized everywhere. THE POLITICAL CONSCIENCE IS GROWING. Nor will our [xxrty have done its jx-rfect work until the most sacred spot to the |x.-ople, in all this land, will Ix- the ballot-box ; until a dishonest act there, corruption there, will be recognized as the greatest possible crime against the Republic. To fool, to cheat at the l«llot-l)ox, is treason, and such treason must be made simply odious. During the past decade the political (conscience of the American people has grown visibly many a cubit. I-et me repeat, it is to-day recognized as it has never before been recognized that the safety of the people is the purity of the ballot-box and the sacredness of law. 'I'hat is one of the chief things our party has been contending for. The results have justified the clearness, the accuracy, of the insight of President Seelye when he saw in the Prohibition party the most hopeful sign above the political horizon. Whatever may lie in the future the party is "safe in the arduous task of things done." But let us look at another cla.ss of figures on the credit side of the balance sheet. Said Savonarola of reformers in his day, "We are so busy praying that we have not time to hear dod talk." Prohibitionists are so busy looking for the White House, for strictly party successes, that they do not •see the splendid victories and prohibition that they are gain- ing on every side. Since 1884, when the existence of the Prohibition jMrty began to be recognized, what changes for the bet.er have Ijeen accomplished I How much more clearly understood to-day than then are the facts and arguments foi total abstinence and Prohibition ; how much clearer and more uncompromising are th« official utterances of all the churches! The.se facts and arguments have become recognized and potent forces in the management of nearly all railroads and of many manufactories and other businesses, "and they have become troublesome factors in politics." Said Mayor Schie . ". the "ther day : "The liciuor question is giving me more .' ubie than any other." IT HAS MAKE A ROOSEVELT POSSIBLE. Imagine if you can ten years ago, that clear-eyed, con- scientious man, to-day the pride of New York, and an honor to manhood— I mean Theodore Roosevelt, taking by the throat the New York saloon-keepers, backed by the multi- millionaire brewers and distillers, and forcing them to the jail doors until they fell on their knees and cried for mercy ! That is a spectacle for men and angels to rejoice at to-day. The Prohibition jxirty agitation has made that possible. In passing [H-'rmit me to add that these cowardly, cring- ing, hypocritical New York saloonkeej)ers now ask that they be counted respectable. On what ground do they make their impudent claim ? They claim it l)ecau.se they are now, they say, law-abiding; and several of the metrojiolitan dailies -ire patting them on the back and declaring they are good fellows, and the stigma of law-breaking should Ix." removed from their business. Nonsense I These saloon-men honor- ed the law only after Roosevelt ami the judges held the jail doors open before them, and they, after many attempts at escape, found that it was either jail or olx.'dience. Convicts at Sing Sing deserve as much credit for olxidience. Asked tha commercial drummer of the local postmaster, "Is John Jones honest?" "Honest I" was the reply. "He's got to be ; nobody 'II trust him." HONtST HWAUSE NO ONE WILL TRUST THEM. Who imagines that the liquor men of New York are really penitent ? Let a Tammany .saloon sympathizer, or a weak-headed or a weak-hearted jiolice commi.ssioner, like Wells of Brooklyn, take Roo.sevelt's place, and let the timid Brooklyn mayor take Mayor Strong's place, and presto ! what a change we would see in the (jenittnt saloon-keei)ers ! The change wrought in the toad at the touch of "Ithuriel's spea r" at hell's gate would l)e altogether outilone. " The devil sick, the devil a monk would l>e. The devil well, the devil a monk was he." Milton's Prince of Darkness tells us of the value among those of low morality of "vows made in [win." Such vows cannot be built upon. The li(iuor men of New York City, on their knees swearing allegiance to the Prohibition Sunday laws, branding fal.se for ever more the hoary-headed lie that Prohibition can't prohibit, is an jbject-lesson the whole nation is pondering. A decade agu, when the American people di.scovered the Prohibition party through the vote for our battle-scarred hero, John P. St. John, that defeated Mr. Blaine, there was not a daily paper in New York city, not one, that did not finil ic almo.st impossible to mention the word Prohibition without sneering at it, or to allude to the Prohibition party move- ments without expressions of contemjU. For these ten years and more Prohibitionists have stood up and been counted ; for ten years, in season and out, they have been proclaiming Prohibition facts and arguments, and now what do we see in this same city of New York ? There we see a man Roosevelt, iK'cause he has stood for the enforcement of the Prohibition law on Sunday, l)ecome the most popular politician in the city ; one who is now being talked of for governor, and again and again in the West men- tioned as a possible Presidential lightning-rod. RECORDER GOKF TELI.S A SECRET. Recorder (lofT was asked a few weeks ago what was the best thing for himself he ever did. He answered : "The best ! i \ PROHIBITION LEADERS II do we see in thing for myself I ever did was to attach myself to Dr. Faric- hurst." It is a glorious day for the Republic when politicians begin to discover that it is best to join in with the moral forces, that they will reign when these forces reign. Clean- ness is the incoming tide. Agitation is education. And this typical victory in New York is of widespread importance. Lift up public opinion there riul you lift it Ihroughc" t the nation. Ix)ok at other results >( this past decade of our party's battle. Note the change in church utterances on temper- ance and Prohibition. Straws show the way the wind is blowing. Here is a straw the size of a saw-log. At Car- negie Hall the other evening there was an immense audience of Catholics. Many more thousantis were outside striving to get in, but were unable; then got in and fdled every .scat and standing place. What was the occasion ? A Roman Catholic temper.ince meeting, that and nothing more. Dur- ing that meeting a most clo(|ucnt and honoretl Catholic orator was hisseil and howleil down in the presence of great leading dignitaries of the Roman Catholic church, and all because he favored annulling the Sunday Prohibition law.s. And then that same immense Catholic audience, in the presence of the Roman Catholic Ix'gate, Satolli, and the Archbishop, Corrigan, and a host of other dignitaries, cheered to the echo Protestant Roosevelt because he stood for the enforcement of these laws. CATHOLICS SWINCINC; INTO LINE. Imagine, if you can, that siene to have occurred ten years ago. Verily the world moves, and no section during the past decade with more amazing rapidity than has moved the total abstinence and Prohibition section, and yet some of our people have l)een discouraged. Who dreamed ten years ago of living long enough to see the Roman Catholic ("hurch make a declaration like that made by the Hishop of Columbu.s, Ohio, and to see that utterance officially recognized and permitted, by the head of the Roman t'hurch in America, to stand ? Prior to ten years ago you will look in vain in the records of the Presbyterian Cleneral Assembly for an utterance like the following : " No political parly hat the right to expect the support o( the Christian men so long as that party stands cummitted to (he license policy, or refuses to put itself on record against the saloon." Prior to 1884, find, if you can, anything like the follow- i;^ in the minutes of the Methodist General Conference: " We do record our deliberate judgment that no political party has a right to expect, nor ought it to receive, the support of Christian men so long as it standi committed to the license policy, or refuses to put itself on record in an attitude of open hostility to the saloon." These are but typical of the recent utterances of about all of the churches. And the creat Christian Endeavor A.ssociation is not far in the rear? By and by it will lead. BUT WHAT ARE THE CHURCHES DOING? But, does some one say, what do these resolutions and sayings amount to if they do not take the form of action ? Right thinking must go before right action. Cet intelli- gent, conscientious men to think right and keep them at it, and they are bound by the irresistible laws of the mind and heart eventually to act right. The Prohibitionists have gained a stupendous victory in compelling the churches to think right. The church is siowly but surely leading its membership up to the high level ol its resolutions. This is one point we mu.st insist upon : the ending of the inconsistency between' church resolutions and memlicrship action. There must l)e harmony l)etween the head, heart, feet, and hands of the church. A captain in the old-fashioned militia once offered this toast : "Here is to the militia, invincible in peace, in- visible in war." That was the church in its fight with the liquor traffic, "invincible in synods and in conferences ; in- visible on election days." That must end. It is our busi- ness to so plan and .so fight that it will Ix; imjiossible for this inconsistency to continue. That is work for this convention. BUSINE.SS MEN (iETTINC THEIR EYE.S OPEN. Again, what changes are being wrought in almost every direction by a recognition on the part of many business men of the facts Prohibitioni-sts have l)een gathering and publishing. 'I'o-day, it is not safe anywhere for a young man to seek employment with the smell of litjuor on his breath. I have gone through large restaurants in Chicago, ami Boston, and New York, at lunch time, and have not seen a bottle at one plate in twenty. Ten years ago, in these same restaurants, the lM)ttle on an average was at every other plate. I-a.st Deceml)er the ('hicago and Alton Railroad published Rule 75, which reads : "Any conductor, trainman, engineer, fireman, switchman, or other employee, who is known to use intoxicating liquors, will be promptly and permanently discharged." Orders have been issued by almost all of the leading railroads of the country forbidding the sale of liquors at railroad restaurants, and forbidding their employees to go inside of a saloon, many of them, with the Chicago and Alton Railroad, insisting upon absolute abstinence. The significance of these weighty facts is that over a million men are employed on the railroads, and that this recognition is a commercial one. The enlightened pocket-lwok has become a factor in our reform in America in the closing decade of the nineteenth century. When fully enlisted it will become irresistible. I hold in my hand the official application paper for the New York civil service. It is an application for appoint- ment to office in New York, and must Ik' filled out by every one who is appointed to any of the thou.sands of offices that come under the provisions of the civil scrvi'-e. This blank provides that an applicant must have four [)ersons to vouch for his character, and of these four persons it says : " They should be persons of good character and standing in the community where they reside, and must not be engaged in the 'Hjuor trade in any form." Think of that ! The word of a man engaged in the li({uor business in any form not to be taken by New York paliticians even as to the character of It PROHIBITION LEADERS II !i an applicant for office ! How are the mighty fallen ! Why in those elder days to Ix; :i li<|uor-sell(;r was to be greater in the political world than a (.'hoate or merchant prince. NO MORK I.lyUOR-SKI.I.INC. AT CHURCH KAIRS. Ten years ago it was not an extraordinary thing to see in New York and other large cities the selling of li(|uor at church fairs ; now, never ! So far has education gone along this line, that during the last fall the managers of the Twenty-Third Regiment Fair in Brooklyn were com[)elled to come out publicly and deny a report that got abroad that liquor was iK-ing sold for the benefit of the fair in a building outside and wholly indei>endent of the armory. Men like Dr. Lyman Abbott announced their withdrawal of support if either directly or indirectly the regiment encouraged the .sale of licjuor. The keepers of the saloon thereujKjn published that they would send the profits of their sale anonymously to the regiment. The management then publicly pledged their word that they would accept no money sent anonymously from any source. That is another very large straw which shows the blowing of the wind. It, too, is the size of a saw-log. Note the National Typographical Union at the conven- tion in I/Ouisville refusing with indignation to accept the proffered hospitality of the liquor men of that city. Remem- ber, these were printers, the representatives of the typesetters of the entire nation. A wonderful transformation this 1 SAIXX)N-KEEPERS KICKED OUT OF GREAT BENEVOLENT ORDERS. We have seen during the last year great organizations like the Knights of Pythias refusing to admit saloon men to membership, and great conventions like the Farmers' National Congress pa.ss such resolutions as this one : " Whereas, (he liquor Iraffic as represented by the saloon busi- ness is the chief cause of the poverty, crime, misery of the country ; thererore resolved, that we call upon the Congress of the United Slates and the legislatures of the several States to enact measure* for ii!> suppression at as ei'ly a date as possible." Here is another large-sized straw: Notwithstanding the fact that the Women's Christian Temperance Union declared for the Prohibition party at its last meeting in Cleveland, it is enabled to report all debts paid and a surplus in the treasury, and between four hundred thousand and five hun- dred thousand of a membership. We were told that the Women's Christian Temperance Union, by indorsing the Prohibition party, was ruined. It would like to be ruined some more. How is it ? Our compliment to the non-par- tisan Women's Christian Temperance Union. And we must not forget that women are coming nearer and nearer to the ballot-box. I^t them come. These facts could be multiplied a hundred-fold, showing the amazing progress that has been made in the last decade against the liquor evil. He who cannot see in such triumphs as these great' encouragement must be fatally blind. The Prohibition party, beyond any other educational agency, beyond all others combined, is to be credited with these changes. It forced agitation, and agitation is education. WHAT OK THE FUTURE — THE HARTv's NAME. So much for the past. Now let us turn our fares for a moment to the present and future. Our party,as Petri leum V. Nasby would say, has its future before it, not behind it. I.et UF study the chart. Yonder is our port -note it well. What is it ? It is Prohibition and a (wrty behind it that believes in it. Who dare suggest any alliance or com- promise that would cause us to deviate a hair's breadth from that destination ? I had rather a hundred times that the party he true to Prohibition and remain a stublxjm righteous minority than be false to Prohibition and enter the White House. Would you change the jKirty's name ? I c^ire little for that, except I fear that such change would l)e interpreted as a sign of retreat. 1 'cology is a senseless worship. It is the idea that is lx,'hinil the word tliat is important. On the other hand, it is urged that the word Prohibition is negative. It once was negative, but is not now. Words grow. Pro- hibition means now something most positive. It means conscience in politics, a pure hallot-box, true manhood, true womanhood, the protetrtion of home. In the new mean- ings of that word the Prohibition party has made an important contribution to philology. Protestantism was once a negative name. It stinds now for aggressive religious activity, freedom of conscience, an open Bible, true personal liberty, and the greatest jx)ssible development of the brain of every one. Ix-'t us not wa.ste on either side much thought about the change of name. WOULD YOU JOIN FORCES WITH OTHER REFORM PARTIES? does jome one ask. I answer : Yes, most gladly ; if we can do so without sacrificing or endangering our principle. But foremost above all other questions and before all other questions must Ix; forever with us that of Prohibition. Ixt every delegate bear this in mind, that never has the Prohibi- tion party liad before it such a magnificent opportunity as now. Every student of jjolitics among us should ponder well the following most significant figures : The stay-at-home vote has increa.sed in the state of New York from 75,000 in 1888 to 185,000 in 1892, and to 425,- 000 in 1894 ; in Pennsylvania from 7o,o.jo in 1888 to 230,- 000 in 1892 and 400,000 in 1894. It has increased in Ohio from 40,000 in 1888 to 1 15,000 in 1892 and 290,000 in 1894; in Michigan from 20,000 in 1888 to 105,000 in 1892 and 240,- 000 in 1894. Mr. Frederick B. Waite, the Washington statistician, estimates that the stay-at-home voters numlxjred last November 5,100,000. The dissatisfaction of voters with the old parties is most profound. The harvest is truly ready. We should see to it that Prohibitionist laborers are sufficient for the task. In closing let me sum up in a word my advice touching what seems to me pertinent ; I trust it may not seem to any impertinent ! ,, , „ PROHIBITION LEADERS IS changes. It 4AMIC r faces for a as Pftri leiim ot iK'hind it. note it well. y behind it mce or com- lair's breadth :d times that 1 a stubborn jn and enter care little for interpreted as orship. It is ant. On the m is negative, i grow. I'ro- i. It means lanhood, true e new mean- las made an stantism was ssive religious true |K;rsonal t of the brain r side much THE KERNEL OF THE NUT. 1st. I would not seek to change the name of the party — not at least in the near future. 2nd. I would not al>ate one jot or tittle of the emphasis with which we have a.sscrted the principle of Prohibition and a party lx.>hind it. 3rd. I would seek in every practical way to bring the church into an attitude consistent with itself, so that there will Ix; no scandalous contradictions as there are now l)etween its official Prohibition utterance of right and duty and the political action of its meml)ers. 4th. I would let it Ik; known everywhere that we are willing to unite forces with any politiciil jwrty which will accept in sincerity the dictum Prohibition and a jwrty be- hind it; provided only that we are not required to subscriln; to any principle or policy that would go against conscience ; and, to this end, I would have all Prohibitionists to under- st.ind practically that to disagree it is not neces.sary to Ix; dis- agreeable; and also to know that we show loyalty to the truth by bearing with the beliefs of others which are irrele- vant or are non-essential. 5th. I would favor every method that would help to the purity of the liallotbox, and hence would favor ballot reform the Initiative and Referendum, civil service a-form, and woman suffrage. Im|K)rtant are the cjuestions of currency, of tariff, of taxes; but away above them all, and dominating all, are the ques- tions of conscience ; and chief of these which are demanding recognition on the political plain, and which will permit no rest to the nation until it is answered, is the question of Prohibition. We may l>e called in the future as in the past dreamers, sentimentalists, visionaries, for placing ques- tions of conscience above those of meat and shelter and other material aiivantages. Moses was such a dreamer, so were Plato and Christ, Savonarola and Luther and VVillx;rforce and ( iarrison. There are larks and nightingales and eagles, and there are to-tds and moles, groundlings, all after their kind. Some are created to croak and grovel, and some to soar and sing. Are the lark and nightingale to stop singing lieciiuse down in the bogs the ducks and frogs do not like it ? We shall continue to soar and sing notwithstanding the quackings and croakings in the political lowlands. IRM PARTIES? Ily ; if we can rinciple. But ore all other libition. I-.et s the Prohibi- )pportimity as hould ponder state of New , and to 425,- 888 to 230,- eased in Ohio 3,ooo in 1894; 892 and 240,- ; Washington ;ers numbered of voters with rvest is truly ; laborers are Ivice touching t seem to any .M*^*f»-«l^'' THE PROHIBITION OF THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC. A Speech by Thomas Barnard Riiit, M. P., in the House of Commons, Ottawa, May 7th, 1894. T H E resolution proposed by Mr. Flint was as follows : li i i I That it it expedieni that it upcedlly is ixnsilile Ihit Patlinment shoulil enact n law to prohibit the importation, nianuraclure and lale of intoxicating li<|uors in Canada, except fur medicin.il, m.inuracluring ■nd ucraniental purposes. Mr. S|)c'akt'r, I will not disguise from you that I approach the discussion of this resolution with a great deal of dilTidence and with considerahle anxiety. I desire, in presenting the case which is suggested by the terms of this resolution, that 1 should do so in such a manner as to attract support to it, and not to ant-igonize any possible source of opposition. The subject is one so broad, it touches so many points of interest to many classes of the I)eople of this Dominion, that it arouses, prol)ably, more public interest than any other individual question which has come before this Parliament for consideration. At the outset of my observations I desire to state tlwt the form of the resolution has been dictateil by the fact that it represents the mature judgment and carefully arranj^ed views of the I'rohibition party, so-called, of the Dominion of Canada ; a party which comprises gentlemen upon both sities of politics, a party which includes men, and women also, I may add, representing every class and every creed in this broad Dominion. I desire that I may have the privilege to suggest such a line of di.scussion that political feeling may be avoided, and that the question may be discussed upon the braid platform, in which the interests of the community as a whole may lie considered, rather than any narrow interests of any class or any particular party, .\ttention h.xs already been called, and very naturally so, in the public press, to the peculiar wording of the resolution which I ask the House to adopt. It has been pointed out that there is a v.tgueness in the term : " That it is expedient that .is speedily as po.ssible this Parliament should enact a prohibitory law." Other resolutions that have lieen laid upon the table of the House in other days, and that have l)een discus.sed and pa.ssed upon here, have stated in more explicit terms the desire of their supporters that Parliament should act upon the subject immediately, or at a definite time ; and it may have ajjpeared to many who are earnest and devoted in their desire to see a prohibitory liquor law enacted at once, that there has been a stepping away from that standpoint in the form of this resolution. Hut it will Ix; recollected that at the lx;ginning of the session a large and inlltiential delegation of the Prohibition leaders from, I iK-lieve, all the provinces of the Dominion, were assembled at the capital for the pur|K)se of interviewing the right honorable I'rime Minister and his colleagues upon this great and important (juestion. It will l)e rememliered that in the able presentation of that case to the Prime Minister and to those of his colleagues who met these gentlemen upon that occasion, all the main and essential points of the prohibitory .agitation were sketched, and a desire expres.sed by them that the (lovernment of the country, as such, should take hold of the great problem connected with the prohibition of intoxicating litjuors in Canada, and act upon it as a Ciovernment (piestion. It will be rememl)ered also that the right honorable gentleman at the he.id of the Ministry, in very moderate terms indeed, pointed out some practii-al difficulties why, even if the (lovernment were so disposed, even if the (lovernment were convinced that the position taken by the deleg.ation was absolutely the correct position in the interests of the Dominion, there were practical difficulties in the way of the immediate acting upon tho.se convictions. Practical diffi- culties were pointed out which convinced large numliers of honorable gentlemen favoring prohibition, who, at the same time, supjwrt the right honorable Premier in his political policy. They were convinced that upon that point, at any rate, the Premier had taken a very strong stand. Many of these gentlemen, agreeing with him that it would Ik; impracticable, even if it were desirable, that the (lovernment should forthwith frame a prohibitory liiiuor law, declined, in the conference which ensued, to commit themselves in opposition to the Premier's position. Many others, while thinking that the Premier's position was not sound, yet daemed it advi.sable, in the face of the fact that so prominent and able a le.tder of the dominant politiciil party had taken that stand, that the phraseology of the resolution should be somewhat changed, in order to meet the views of the Premier's supporters. Therefore, I desire it to be under- stood, and I believe the supporters of the resolution generally desire it to be understood, that the expression "as speedily as possible " has reference to practical difficulties only — not to any doubt as to the ripeness of public opinion la,|tl ^ PROHIBITION MiADERS 'S ur a.s t(i the cx|)e(licni-y and ability of thu Dominion ( iovL-rnment, if so dis|N>sv(I, to cnforct: and carry out, with pro|)er support, any prohibitory law which Parliament may deem it advisable to enact ; but only to such practical difficulties as would necessarily arise in the framing uf a bill at the present session of Parliament. I think the strongest advocate of Prohibition present would l)e willirtg to give the framers of a prohibitory liijuor law ample time in whi(;h to carefully consider all the outlines and ' ture was one referring to the importation of rum and distilled liquors, and, although I am not acejuainted with the terms of the legislation, there can be no doubt, from the subse- quent history of the dealings of legislatures with license acts, and other li()uor laws, that the object was of a restrictive character. In 1758 the fourth chapter of the acts of the first Parliament of the Province of Nova Scotia was an act to prohibit the creation of distillery houses or the setting up of stills within the town of Halifax or within a quarter of a mile of the pickets of the said town. I^ter, in the same sitting of the Legislature, drunkenness was among the evils or offences classed as crimes, and it was punished very severely as a crime against the community. From tliat time to the present the most rigid license laws have followed one after another in the Legislature of the Province of Nova Scotia, as well as in the legislatures of the other provinces now forming this great Dominion. As another historical fact of no little interest, throwing, as it does, a light on the early hi.story of legislative attempts to restrict the evils of the liijuor traffic, I may refer to an act pas.sed in 1792, in the first session of the Parliament of UpiK-r Canada, held at Niagara, in which, dealing with the sul>je< 1 of licenses for the sale of intoxicating licjuors, it was enacted that no licenses should Ix.* granted for retailing spirituous licjuors in any jail. The inference, of course, would be that previous to the enact- ment of that law criminals or other prisoners confined in jail were allowed to purchase and use intoxicating li(|Uors. The evils were so ap|)arent that at the very first session of the first Parliament of Upjx,'r f'anada, an absolute pro- hibition in this particular was decreed under the most severe iK-naities. And later, in 1793, legislation for restrict- ing the sale of intoxicating liquors generally in the old Province of Up|x;r (Canada was undertaken. I am aware that none of this legislation was of a prohibitory character ; but it was of an exceptional character, pas.sed many years Ix'fore public opinion had induced or forcetl the legislature to deal in the same manner with other articles which are now placed under the Kan of the law. The very dis<:ussion which has just closed, referring to adulterated tea.s, and to the desirability, agreed upon on both sides of the House, of this Parliament enacting, if necessary, very stringent legislation prohibiting the importation into this country of adulterated teas, as well as the .Xcts on the Statute Book prohibiting the imjiortation of adulterated articles of con- sumption of other kinds, show that the principle of prohibit- ing that which is deemed to be injurious to the public health or to the public interest is a well settled principle of our constitutional law. The history of the prohibitory agitation, so-i-alled, in which the friends of good order and of tem|K"rance, in which the opponents of the u.se of intoxi- cating or spirituous li(|uors, in any degree whatever, are engaged, is of great interest, and shows to what an extent the public mind, as well as the feelings and actions of the leading public men of t' j Dominion, have I)een operated upon since confederation. Almost at the outset of con- federation there arose, in every province of the Dominion, an agitation to induce this Parliament to enact a prohibitory liquor law. Up to 1873, however, this agitation had not culminated in any very remarkable public exhibition. But in that year, I find that a strong efTort was made in the House of ('ommons and the Senate to enact a complete prohibitory law. In 1873 a special committee of the Senate was appointed, owing to the flood of petitions which were pouring in upon the Senate and the House of Commons, to consider the whole subject. The committee reported, among other things, as follows : " The committee consider the time has arrived when the earnest attention of the Government and of (he Legislature should be given to this important subject, with a view of discovering and applying the I i6 PROHIBITION LEADKRS r- belt remady for the giginlic ctiI thai aflecli lo tcHoudy the peace and pmapcrity o( the Doinloion." In that year 993 |K;titions, signed by 40,000 petitioner;), were presented in the Senate. Nothing in particular rame by way of legislation in reply to this earnest movement, so in the following year the friends of the prohibitory rause again aroused themselves and made another effort to induce Parliament to accede to their views. I will, however, go back to the year 1873, Ixiforc continuing my remarks regarding the year 1874, to show how strongly the commit- tees ap|K)inted by this House viewed the necessity for some such enactment as I have described. The first report of the special commitUe appointed by this House concludes as follows : " Further examination reveali the fact that a contidsrable portion of the reipectability, the influence, the inleliect and the wealth of the Dominion, has united in this prolett againil the evils of intemperance. Bishops, the clergy generally, judges, legislators, magistrates, public writers, and very many of our merchantt and manufaclurers, have given their names and their support to the furtherance of this good cause." In that year 460,000 petitioners were represented in their demand upon Parliament to enact a prohibitory liquor law. The committee, at a later [X-'riod of the session, added to their support a lengthy .series of calculations and state- ments, and the conclusions to which they had arrived, from further examination o*" the evidence brought Iwfore them, are stated in their second report. The result of their most careful deliberations, tused upon the facts to which they have had access, may Ik.- briefly summarized as follows : " First. That the traffic was an unmitigated evil. " Second. That the petitions showed conclusively that the people of the Dominion are very strongly impressed with the enormity of the evils alluded to, and that in view of this strong and energetic demand, some action is necessary. " Third. From the answers given liy sherifT^, 1 14 of whom have voluntarily given evidence, your committee find that four- fifths of the crime in the Province of Ontario is directly or indirectly connected with the manufacture, sale or consumption of intoxicating liquors, " Fourth. In Ontario and (Quebec, out of 28,289 commitments to the jails for the three previous years, 21,336 were for drunkennes or for crime perpetrated under the influence of drink. "Fifth. That the testimony of medical men is almost uanimous, that intox'citing liquor is not necessary as a beverage, and your com- mittee find, from a careful investigation of the testimony, that a prohibitory liquor law may be enforced, that it is completely workable, and that the results would go to diminish crime, to diminish the expense of administering local aflUirs, to increase industry, and promote general happiness and content." The year 1874 was a year of considerable agitation in this House and throughout the country on this subject. Strong resolutions were introduced, lengthy debates were carried on, considerable feeling was evoked so much so that it api)eared to be almost the unanimous conviction of the House that the evils of the traffic in intoxicating liquor had not been exaggerated. In the minds of many, how- ever, there was this difficulty, that possibly public opinion was not strong enough to support the carrying out of reasonable prohibitory legislation. I was pleased to see that you, yourself, Mr. S(M:aker, in 1874, moved in the direction of prohibition. Your resolution was as follows : "That the Iraflfic in Intoxicating liquors is an evil, for which Iht laws of this country provide no adequate remedy, and *.hat it U desirable to prohibit the manufacture and aale of intoxicating liquor, except lor medicinal and manufacturing purposes." Althcjgh this resolution received considerable support, yet, in the prevailing tem|)er of the Hous«- ')f (,'ommons as a whole, it was not assumed that it could .>e adopted, and it was con.se(|uently, after some discussion, withdrawn. Hut the lesult of the whole discussion, and of the strong agita- tion prevailing out of d(K)rs, induced the Ciovernment to con.sent to the adoption of a resolution looking in thnt direction, by the House of Commons, and the appointment of a commission to intjuire into and report on this whole subject. The commission was appointed, and the matter, of course, stood over, |>ending the production of its report. In 1875 the report was brought before Parliament. The commissioners proved conclusively as conclusively as it was possible for intelligent men, having regard for the facts which came under their observation, to prove anything with regard to the economic results of any evil that the licjuor traffic and crime were in.separable, that restriction of the evil was followed by decrease of crime, that prohibitory legislation was practical and workable, that the principle had already l)een recognized by successive Parliaments in dealing with this as well as other subjects, and that it was advisable, having these results in view, that Parliament should take some action looking in that direc- tion. After a long discussion in this House, participated in by many gentlemen who were then, and have since Ijcen, distinguished as [)ractical statesmen, the House, in Com- mittee of the Whole, accepted this resolution : " That the most eflectual remedy for the evils of intemperance would be to prohibit the manulacturr, importation and sale of intoxicating liquors." It is only fair to add that the report of the committee of the whole House was not accepted by the House itself. But the Senate committee, appointed to consider the sair.e subject, reported as follows : "That, in view of these facts and consiilerations, it appears just and expedient that the prayer of the (wtitioners should l>c granted. And that the time has now arrived when the attention of the Govern- ment should be given to this important question with a view to the introduction of a Bill to prohibit the manufacture, importation and sale of intoxicating liquors, except for mechanical and medicinal purposes, throughout the Dominion at the earliest date compatible with the public interests." Here we have the House and the Senate conceding the magnitude of the evil shown by the petitioners, and conced- ing that the probable results of favorable action in the line of the prayer of the petition would be highly advantageous to the interests of the country as a whole. Kven some who had strongly opposed the adoption of any stringent resolu- tion at that time frankly admitted that prohibition in itself, if it could be enforced, would be a great advantage to every interest in the State. I find that Mr. Thompson, of Cari- boo, who distinguished himself by his persistent opposition PROHIBITION ; EADKRS »7 to granting the prayer of he petition, and to the prineen prohibited, and with effect so good that he would like to see the experiment tried in the other half " Here we have the views of a j)ractical man, one whose sincerity none could doubt, and who spoke of the ((uestion as the result of ex|)erience, and who moved that the Ciovern- ment should take the matter up and bring it strongly and persistently l)efore I'arliament, and embody the principle, if possible, in a law. After that we were involved in the discussions and debates relative to the Scott Act, to the Liquor License l>aw, known as the McCarthy Act, and to the legislation in connection therewith. I will not occupy the time of the House with the discussion of these matters, but I can say that a reperusal of those discussions will be found replete with interest and information. 'I'he time when that legislation could be effectual, however, has, in a large degree, pa.ssed away, and those who support it have now gone further, and are pressing upon Parliament and the Government to prohibit entirely the importation, sale and manufacture of intoxicating liquors, except for purpjoses which are mentioned in the resolution now liefore the House. In 1884 the present Finance Mini.ster, after a speech of great ability, in which he seems to have brought to a focus the opinions of the wisest and greatest men of the English-speaking race, a speech in which almost every (iha.se of this (piestion w-as touched upon with earnestness and force, again apjiealed to Parliament to do something to remedy the evils of the litpior traffic. He proposed a resolution stilntantially sinnlar to that which is now U-forr you. Hut Parliament ten years ago seemed to Ite of opinioti that possibly such legislation would it Ik- siip|X)rted by the |x.-ople of the country. We had not, at that time, had the advantage of the popular votes which have since informed Parliament of the wishes and views of the |)eople gener.dly, and his resolution was adopted, with a rider providing that popular sup|Mirt should first Ix.- guarantee to so drastic a measure. The resolution to which Parlia- ment committed itself, after a tielwte of almost unexampled earnestness and remarkable ability, was in the following terms, the main motion having l>een moved by Mr. Foster, and the rider by the late Hon. Thos. White : "The most ellectua! icmedy fur the evils complained of is to l>e found in the enactment ami enforcement of a law prohibiting the importation, manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquori for lieverage purposes. And this House is prepared, as soon as public opinion will suHiciently sustain stringent measures, to promote such legislation as far as the same is within the competency of rarliamenl." I do not advert any further to what was said during that discussion than to (|uote one or two of the observations of the elo(|uent mover of the resolution. The hon. gentleman referreil, as I have referretl, to what every hon. gentleman must have observed, the very strong feeling in the country generally that Parliament should do something to stop the disorder and the loss caused by the traffic in intoxicating li(|uors. He al.so said that he felt he was within the mark when he stated that the evils resulting from the litjiior traffic in the Dominion had done more to retard the prosperity of the country and sow germs of disorder and discontent than any other evils with which this country has Ix-en afflicted. Now, that was a strong statement, coming from one who, since that date, has ri.sen high in the councils of the state, and who stands high in the confidence of hon. gentlemen opposite as a practical admini.strator; those are the words of one who has had long experience in the study and the discussion of all ijuestions connected with the liijuor traffic, as well as with those other (|uestions which are connected with the economics of that trade. In the same delxite that hon. gentleman, in defending the grounds upon which such a resolution could be fairly adopted, used this language — and I will call the attention of the House to it, because this seems to afford a basis upon which we can all agree in dealing with this subject. He s,'iid : "We legislate to keep up the distillery, to keep up the brewery, to keep up the liquor shops of our country, which employ altogether some 1 1,000 or 13,000 persons. Now, there is another class in this country, and that is the 4,500,000, or over, who do not make and sell liquor. The legislation we have at present is in favor of the 11,000, l»it it is against the best interests of the 4,500,000. By the legisla- tion now proposed the good of the greater numl)er is sought, and if it is admitted that the good of the greatest numlier ought to prevail, then the interest of (he smaller number ought to go down." It is, sir, upon this line, and I was almost going to say upon this line only, that we can base legis'ation of the T iS PROHIHITION LKADKRS fftt charartcr now before us for consideration. I haw always felt the foA!c of the objection made to me by one who partakes of inloxirnting li<|ii(>rs \n niodi'mtion, that it is a strong step for the majority to take io dcprivi- him u( the |)ieaHure, or lienetit, which he may derive, or think he derives, from the use of this litjiior in the manner which he •ieeiiis l)est. Hut it seems to me that if we are to admit that plea to lie sound in principle, then there j;oes by the Inwrd at one stroke almost all the legislation which this or any other country has enacted for the lienefit of the vast majority of the |)eople. It is none the less true in politics than in the everyday affairs of life, that that which is for the benefit of the greatest numl)er must be considered rather than that whi<-h gratifies the smaller numl)er. I admit that the evils that are to Ik; overcome must he great in order to justify the legislator in resorting to that policy. There is the implied as.sent of every individual that his personal welfare should, in case of need, give way to that of the community, ami that his lilierty even shall lie limited by the re(juirements of the safety of the state. As a great writer puts it : " From the very ndure of the fecial compact In which all municipal law ii founded result those laws which, in ceitain coses, authorize the inlliclion of penalties, the piivatiun of lilicrty, and even the destruction of life, with a view to the future prevention of crime, and insuring the safely and welllieing of the public." This principle derives its origin from absolute necessity, and that iK-ing so, the only ((uestion that naturally arises would l)e as to the pro[)er time for its exercise by way of legislation. I contend that since this (juestion of the jirohibition of the licjuor traffic was first brought before the public and Parliament, the whole burden of proof as to the weight and character of the evil caused by intem- perance and by the traffic in spirituous li()uors, has been shifted from the shoulders of those who ask for this legislation to the other side ; and that, taking into consid- eration the enormous literature on the subject, taking into consideration the vast amount of official reports that accumulate in our archives and libraries, and, adding to that the express statements of statesmen, and men of letters, and men of observation, and the resolutions of Parliament itself, we are no longer called upon to expend our time in dwelling upon that phase of the (juestion. It is to be taken for granted that the evils are of a serious and overwhelming character, and that some remedy must be provided if the state is properly to protect itself I contend it is now fairly left to those who object to the form of remedy we propose to point out where these evils have lx.'cn exaggerated, or to point out in what direction a Ixitter remedy may be pro- posed. I have touched upon the I'arliamentary history of the efforts made in the direction at which this resolution aims, and 1 have sketched roughly and hastily an outline of what had been done in Parliament up to 1884. After that jieriod there were more resolutions presented, which, owing to various circumstances, with which we are familiar, were either disposed of by some side wind or did not reach a conclusive vote ; hut in 1889 a resolution was adopted by this House strongly endorsing the position taken by us at the present time, with a provi.so added that Parliament should wait until public opinion was ripe for this action. In other words. Parliament objecteil to imntediate action, and demanded that evidence should l)e given when public opinion w.ts ri|H> for legislation in the matter. Hy way, however, of entphasi/.ing the point to which I have alluded, namely, the characrter anecuniary loss to the nation from the severiil onuses already mentioned may lie fully estimated at little leu than /^ 50,003,000 sterling |>er annum." That was sixty years ago, and that loss to the mother country has gone on accumulatini; and increasing from that time to the present. The human imaginatioti is fairly staggered at an attempt to contemplate the ruin and devastation these figures necessarily represent. At the close of the report of the commission appointed under the auspices of this Parliament in 1874, we find the subject of right, duty, antl powiT of Parliament to deal with the matter alluded to, and as a few of the quotations in this report are similar in their tenor and terms to an enormous mass that has already Ix-en stated in previous delxites in this House, and as these (|uotations fairly reflect the opinions of the greatest jurists at the present time, I will (juote some of them. Judge McLean, of the Supreme Court of the United .States, in a judicial decision bearing on the right of the State to prohibit, for its own safety, made this statement : " If the foreign article (spirits, for instance) be injurious to the health or morals of the people of the community, a stale may, in the exercise of that great and conservative |wlice power which lies at the foundation of its prosperity, prohibit the sale of il." Although that refers to a State of the American Union, the principle of law laid down applies to any sovereign state to which the question may l)e applicable. Ju.stice drier, in the same case, laid down as sound a principle of jurisprudence, the following : " If the loss of revenue should accrue to the United Slates from a diminished consumption of ardent spirits, she will be a gainer a thousand Told in the health, wealth and happiness of her people," I think I need not strengthen these points by further quotations, because, as I said before, the principle lies at the I'KOIIIIilTION I.KADKKS »» foundntion of all iiur criininal nnd pri'ventivt- legislation. It has lK.rn nilniiltctl tm every (MIk.t liy Act of I'nrliameiil, yi;t I'arli.inu'iit bus always acted u|K)n the pr(i|H)siti(in and u|Min the prineiple that °.t was its duty to prevent any evil which interfered with t le general pri)spjrity of the m iss of individuals of which .he state is omposed. While it may l>e true that we cannot make m-.-n sjbuT by any A'-t of i'arli.imL-nt, yet it is eipially true that by Act of Parliament we can remove from the way of those who are tempted and liable to Ik.- otherwise than soIkt, the moans of temptation and the means of self misery and self ruin which they bring on themsolveH. Wc cannot make men rich by Act of Parliament, and yet Parliament has acteil for many years on the proposition that it was its duty to so legislate as to place the means of getting rich within the re.ach of a large class of the community. The whole substratum of the so-calleil National Policy has been based on thi-t iilea, and a large measure of the attacks which have been made upon the details, and even the principle, of that policy ha.s Iwen iKjcausc the effect of the legislation pro|)osed by the administration has t)een to make certain classes o! the community rich at the exi)ense of the vast majority, a few rich at the expense of the many. So it is too late in the day to raise the objection to the principle, while perhaps, on matters of details, as to whether the time ha.s arrived to apply it rigidly or not, may be possibly <)()en to discussion. As l)earing on this point, it will Ik; only fair to lay iK'fore this House, as well as I can from the statistics within my reach, some idea of the greatness of the difficulty in the way of establishing prohibition in this country. It has been objected to the movement which we are endeavoring to carry out that the effect of this legislation will l)e a reduction in ihc revenue, the confiscation of property, the banishing of thousands of j)eople from their homes, the lessening of trade, the s|)oliation of vested interests. Appeals have been m.ide against this action on the ground that great danger and great injury will be caused to certain classes of the community. If we have no compensating advantages to point to in favor of the whole community, then much of this claim must be accepted. We are called upon to [wint out the existence of the evil, and as bearing upon that the extent of the iH-nefit that would Ix; derived from abolishing it. I find from the Trade and Navigation Returns that of the imported manufactures the total first cost of liquors imported into this country is as follows : IMPORTS, 1893. HOMK MANfrArruRR, 1893. GALLONS. VALUE. DUTY. 937.387 457,761 329.453 $1,053,962 375.426 i75."47 $2,030,803 260,072 68,948 Wines A lei, beer tnd porter. . . . Totals 1,724.801 $1,604,135 $«,3S9.8a8 • OALLONI. lll'IMATRD VALtlt. $2 731.896 8.387,67s KtVIKVr.. Splrlli Mall lH|uitr 2,731,896 17.175.356 $4. '39.306 1.001,65s T.,lal Aild impui.* •9.907.252 1,724,801 l".3'9.574 1.164.135 5,140,061 2,359.8^8 (Jranil Total 2 '.632.053 12,923.709 7. 50". 789 7,500,789 Total fird coal $20,424,498 I have estimated the value of these spirits to the l)e»t of my ability, and from incpiiries I have maile, at $1 per gallon, which gives the total wholesale cost at $20,434,498. While I subntit this statement with diffidence, I may say that I submit it as agreeing with the statements of such emihent financiers as Sir Leonard Tilley and the present Finance Minister, as well as one or two other distinguished gentlemen who have discussed this <|uestion. I think it would be only fair to increase that first cost by 100 per cent., which would represent the actual cost to the consumers of intoxicants in the Dominion at $40,000,000. In order to show that these figures are not unreasonable, I unilertook to estimate, in another way, as to ho"; much the people of the Dominion were paying directly for spirituous and intoxicating liipiors, and I found that of spirits, wines and liipiors there were imported and manufactured in Canada, according to the following table : GALLONS. PER GALLON. VALUE. 909,402 485.746 329.653 $600 S 00 300 $ 5.456,412 2,428,730 988,959 Imported wines Imported malt liquor Total 1,724.801 8,874,102 Entered for consumption.. 2,73'.896 16,964,211 'Z 13.659,480 10,178,266 Total 1 $ 32.7 ".848 I have taken still another method to ascertain the amount that the people of Canada are annually paying for intoxicating li(iuor, and that is shown by the following table: 30 PROHIBITION LKADERS if i,:iil Im|>oitod Manufactured spirit!. Malt ll(|Uor Total duty First cost, total Ultimate cost to cunsumer, adding too per cent I,7»4.8ll a,73'.896 17.175.356 2i,6ji,o6j Clrand total cost to con- sumei $ •.604,135 2,731,896 j,i5z,6(j6 9.488,537 7.5<».7«9 16,989,426 16,989.426 $3».978.8S2 DOTY. $ 2,3S9.8»8 4. '39. 306 1,001,655 $ 7.500,789 So I think, taking all those estimates together, it wfuiid he only reasonalile to conclude that the consumers of the Dominion are |)aying, as n first cost, at the time of <'onsum|)tion, about from $35,000,000 to $40,000,000 per aniumi for the cause of the evils to whii-h I have referred. This is much larger than the annual customs revenue ; it is larger, I Ix-'lieve, tlian the whole revenue paid to the Dominion. And now the ((uestion arises : What advantages are claimed to any class or to the community from the machinery, and from the |x;rsons employed in manipulating the machinery, which cau.ses this expense to the country, and which produces these evils to the intlividuals who consume it? I find from the returns that we have 162 breweries, eight distilleries and five maltsters' esUiblishmit-ts in the I )(>minion, which employ machinery to the value of $1,469,000; that the lumiber of emi)loyees is 2,243; *''•■*' the capital invested in breweries is $8,309,644 ; that the capital invested in distilleries is $7,054,000, or a total amount of capital, in breweries and tlistilleries in the Dominion, of $15,363,664. The total amount of wages |)aid in breweries and distilleries is as follows : In breweries, $891,381 per annimi ; in distilleries, $178,950, or a total of $1,070,331 |K'r aniuuu. I found it very difficult 10 make the figures of the out|)ut agree with tho.se in the Inland Resenue returns, but I presume there were difficulties in my way of making this estimate. However, the output, as given by the statistical authorities, is av- follows : Hreweries, $5.7 '7.^-73 ; distilleries, $2,199,600 : i\ il, $7,916,473. The total numlx;r of employees in breweries is 1,840, and in distilleries, 403, making 2,243. Adding to this the estimate made by the Hon. Mr. Foster in his speech in 1884, the 12,000 {)ersons engaged i.i this trade, other th.m the n.anuflicture, we would have in the neighborhood of 14,000 or 1 5,000 persons altogether concerned in the jjroduction and sale of spirits and liejuors manufactured and ';iiported in the Dominion of (^inada. The ((uestion is : Whether the interests and benefits of these 14,000 or 15,000 jjcrsons are to Ix; piiramount to the interests of the rest of our population who go to make up the five millions odd in (Canada? 'I'he ((uestion is : Whether the $15,000,000 of capital now employed in breweries or distilleries are to prevail over the $353,836,8 1 7 of capital employed in the other industries of the country which are adversely aflected by the prevalence and increase of the evils caused by the lijs they would adopt for making u{) the revenues in ca(,e the policy of the government should change. It is sufficient for our purpose to show, as I believe we can abundantly show, that PROHIBITION LKADIiRS 31 there are many ways in which the revenues could Ik; made up — that the general prosperity of the state woulil i)e so enhanced, that industry would be so relieved from unfair and unjust taxation, that other products on which a reason- able amount of taxation could justly Ix,- levied would l)e consumed by the people to such an extent as to make up and counterbalance, in time, the loss of revenue. I think I am justified in stating, from what has come under my own observation, and from the tone and temi)er of the great prohibitory party of the Dominion, — now represented, as we claim, by the majority of the electors, — that they are willing to Ivar any reasonable sacrifice that may Ix," neces- sary in order to make up the deficiency in the revenue until tlie natural course of events would bring about those circumstances which would necessarily come in a few years after the adoption of the ])olicy, and until the revenue could Ix; supplemented fully from other sources. This is not a nev< question. It has been discu.ssed by some of the most eminent men of the day, men whose names are familiar to this parliament, men whose names are household words the world over. If, as Mr. Gladstone has said, the curse of the liquor traffic has caused more loss than war, pestilence or famine, then it would not be too much to ask of the patriotic [jeople of any country to put up with any sort of taxation whatever that could protect them from such dangers and calamities. In 1884, in this Hou.se, .Sir .S. I,. Tilley — I think he was Kinance Minister at the time — in the course of the debate on Prohibition made this observation : "Of course, ihe I inancc Minister would naturally look to the matter of revenue, but that, In my opinion, is but a feather in Ihe scale when coninared with the beneficial etTects that would follow the practical working of Prohibition. I would vote for it most cheerfully, and, as Finance Minister, prepare ways and means to make up any deficiency that would arise, if we were in a position to say that if suc'i a law were enacted it would be sustained." I think it would be sujierfluous for me to add a word to what has been so strongly stated by a practical statesman, who had the confidence of this |)arliament. At an earlier period, speaking in the mother country, the .same dis- tinguished financier made the following remarks bearing on this [joint : " It has been my misfortune, or fortune, hav ing been a great many years in the government o( my native Province of New Kruns- wlck, and in the government of the Domii.ion, to hold the post of Finance Minister in all these governments, and I have never heard but one opinion about the revenue question, namely, that it is of <|uite secondary importance, though it is, I admit, a more dilTicult matter with you. " The revenue we obtain from the Dominion of Canada is probably $5,iX)0,coo or $6,000,000 a year, and it cost the people $20,000,000 ill providing it for us. No Finance Minister would remain long in oflice who would, in this day, propose a scheme for raising a revenue of $5,oco,ooo that would cost $20,000,000 to collect." Upon the same subject we have the opinion of an iMiglish financier anl statesman, whom no one would ever Eccuse of impracticability, or of fanatical sen.sationalism, the late l^rd Iddlesleigh, then Sir Stafford Northcote, who, speakiixg as Chancellor of the Ev'h;(iuer, upon the Budget, observed ; " If the reduction of the revenue derived from spirits be due to a material .ind considerable ih.inge in the habits of the people, and increasing habit of temperance and abstinence from Ihe use of ardent spirits, I intend to say that the amount of wealth such a change would bring to the nation would utterly throv.' into the shade Ihe amount of revenue that is now derived from the spirit duly ; and wc should not only see with .satisfaction a diminution of the evenue from such a cause, but we should tind, in various ways, thai Ihe exchequer would not suffer from the losses which ', .iiigbt sustain in that direction." Now, although Sir Stafford Northcote alluded to the diminution of the revenue caused by the change in the habits of the people, yet jirecisely the same result must accrue if the change in the habits of the people were caused by legislation. Mr. (lladstone, in reply to the prayer of a deputation, said : " Gentlemen, you need not give yo. ives any trouble on the scorr if revenue. That ([uestion need never stand in the way of reform. liesides, with a sober population, not wasting their earnings, I shall know where to obtain a revenue." These are not statements of unreasoning fanatics, or of gentlemen unversed in practical politics. They are the calm and deliberate statements of experienced statesmen, men in whom the worlil has grown accustomed to place confidence, and whose words should always have weight in this iiarliament when subjects of that character are discussed. There was an extraordinary opportunity for observing the effect on the national welfare of the diminution in the use of intoxicating spirits, in the case of Ireland, during the great campaign waged in that country by I'ather Matthew, from i83() to 1845. We are all aware that at the beginning of that tem])erance agitation Ireland was in a very distressed condition, owing to the evils of the use of strong drink. Though naturally rich, and qu'te prosjierous in some other resjjects, yet so great was the disorder, wretchedness and misery caused by the abuse of spirituous and malt liduors in Ireland that many of her best friends almost gave up in despair as to the future. So moved was Father Matth*;w that he started out on the crusade, famous in the history of moral and social reform, and made a world-wide reputation, through his persuasive powers over the Irish people. I (|uote from the Hi.story of Ireland, by Sullivan, the well- known author, the following remarks : " Five millions of people took Father Matthew's pledge. The annual consumption of spirits fell from 11.595,536 gallons in 1837 lo 6,485,443 gallons in 1841." Adverting to the state of the country at the close of that period, Mr. Sullivan says : " The fame uf his labors and his success filled the city. Kvcry street, every lane and alley, every large workshop, had its story of the marvi'llous change from misery and want lo comfort and happiness wrought in some particular case by 'joining Father Matthew.' It may be estimated that in 1845 the temperance movement had attained lo its topmost height in Ireland. What had it 10 show for itself? What were its visible fruits by this lime? It is no exaggera- tion to say it had effected an astonishing transformation. It could not bri.jg lo Ireland that prosperity and wealth which flows from increased production or multiplied resources. The condition of the bulk of the population was at best, as Ihe world soon afterwards came lo know, terribly precarious, Dut, subject lo this reservation, it may be said aa PROHIBITION LEADERS !, that never had a people made within the same space of time nich itrides from hardship to comparative conifurt, from improvidence to thrift, from the crimes of inebriate passion to the ordered habits of sobriety and industry. I speak of what I saw. The tcm|K-rance movement had not, I repeat, removed the deep-lying political causes of lust, poverty and crime, but it brought to the humblest some amelioration of his lot ; it banished froTi thousands of homes ntHiclions that politics could neither create nor cure ; it visibly diffused the feeling of self-respect and the virtue of self-reliance among the pcnple. To this purpose came testimony from every siiie. The magistracy and police told of crime greatly diminished. The clergy told of churches better fdled with sincere and earnest worshippers. Traders rejoiced to tind how vast was the increase in popular expenditure in articles of fooe weighed and calculated in considering the fluctuations in 'criminal statistics' in Ireland, that, as a rule, I lay but little stress upon what they show. " Still, it is rather convincing to find that the annual committals to prison in the seven years, 1839 to 1845, with a rapidly increasing population, show a steady decrease from 12,000 to 7,000; that the capital sentences in each year declined gradually from 66 to 14 ; and that the penal convictions sank from 900 in 1839 to 500 in 1845. " The whisky trade was for the time annihilated." This shows what an almost immediate efTect prohibition would bring about. While upon that subject I will ijuote another author, Porter's " Progress of the Nation," showing the effects in Ireland of this voluntary prohibition in a very short time. The amount of distilled liquors in 1838 was 12,296,342 gallons, and the revenue .;^i, 434,573- In 1841, the amount fell to 6,485,000 gallons, antl the revenue hati decreased to ^^"864,726. And yet the deposits in the savings banks had increased from ^^2, 048,469 in 1838 to ^^2,302,302 in 1841, and 2,921,581 in 1845. In other words, the increase in seven years of the deposits in the savings banks in Ireland, during which the whisky revenue fell off so enormously, was over $4,365,000 of our C'anadian money. Crime decreased from 26,392 ca.ses in 1839 to 16,696 in 1845. The revenue, which our friends who object to prohibition are so timid about, increased from ^1,691,515 on customs in 1839 to ^^2,030,159 in 1841, showing that during these years the customs revenue increased nearly ;^34o,ooo, and the excise revenue rem^tined about the same. At the end of 1845 the cus- toms revenue had increased to ^"2,126,149, and excise had fallen to ,{^1,147,900. In other words, while crime decreased, and while the revenue from whisky decreased, the general prosperity of the country was so markedly increased that it affected the deposits in the .savings banks by nearly a million pound.s, and it affected crime to such a degree that the percentage of falling off was over 50 per cent. I have no doubt that were the figures accessible, many more in the .same line could be adduced ; but I found an embarrassment in the fact that the statements of Irish revenue were so confused with those of linglish revenue that it was difficult to arrive at an exact result. Having dealt with the revenue (juestion, it would only be |)roper to advert to the results which would follow the practical ado])tion of a prohibitory liquor law. We have bid) told that there would be a great loss to the countr)-, owing to the loss of capital now invested in the manufacture of intoxicating li(|uors, and to the tlirowing out of employ- ment of the people engaged in the various branches of this traffic. Hut, unfortunately for tho.se who make this claim, the facts of history are again.st them ; did time permit, we could occupy the attention of this House from now until a rea.sonable date for prorogation with quotations showing the direct contrary. That |)rohil)ilion does not decrease the prosperity of a country, I think, is evident from the statistics which can be gathered from the records of the State of Maine. That State is well known to have carried out, as effectually, perhaps, as it could Ije carried out, a prohibitory liijuor law ; and we inight possibly expect that there, if anywhere, would be seen any evils arising from the operation of such drastic restriction. In the first place, no public man in tiie State of Maine, in the present temper of the public mind, would propose such a thing as going l)ack upon prohibition as it new exists there. That small State, with a population of 661,000 people, and having by no ineans the resources, I will not say of the Dominion, but even of the Maritime Provinces, has to-day deposited in the savings banks, $50,277,000, beini; $10,000,000 more than the deposit in the savings banks of the whole Dominion, with its po[)ulati()n of over five millions of souls. The .savings banks' deposits in other states which have prohibitory laws also largely exceed, proportionally, those in the Dominion of Canada. There are several States of the Union that have adopted prohibition, among them Kansas, which, from 1880 to 1890, increased in population by 43 per cent.; Iowa, 18 per cent. ; South Dakota, 234 per cent. ; North Dakota, 395 per cent. ; Maine did not increase appreciably in population, but increa.sed greatly in wealth ; New Hampshire increased about 8 per cent. ; and in Vermont there was scarcely any increase. And yet, in all these cases, the increase of wealth was most marked. The following table shows the increa.se in wealth in the prohibition States between 1880 and 1890, according to the census of the United States : 1880. 1890. CENT. Kansas Iowa $ 160,570,761 398,671,251 235.978,716 86,806,775 164,755. >8i 8,786,572 11,534,058 $348,459,943 53'>.f'95.'4' 309,129,101 "7 .283,543 252,722,016 78,885,142 '31,592,587 H7 33 ^8 8)^ 1090 New Hampshire No^th Dakota Soi'th Dakota I am not (|ubting these valuatioi.s to show that its vast increase in wealth was caused by the enactment of a f PROHIBITION LEADERS. '3 of English (xact result, lid only be i follow the , We have he countr)', maniiliicture t of employ- rhes of this e this claim, [)ermit, we now until a showing the lecrease the the statisties the State of Tied out, as I prohibitory hat there, if he operation ', no public t temper of 1 going back small State, iving by no ominion, but nsited in the 3 more than ; Dominion, souls. The e prohibitory osc in the )f the Union nsas, which, 13 jK-r cent. ; ent. ; North appreciably L-alth ; New in Vermont these cases, le following bition States nsus of the PIR CENT. Mi 117 141 33 lol 3' 543 98 D16 53 142 8/5 5«7 1090 that its vast iiient of a prohibitory Ii(iuor law, but to show that prohibition did not operate in any way to decrease the prosperity and growth in wealth of those statt-s that were endeavoring to carry it out. The State of Iowa, with a population of a little less than two millions, has over $26,000,000 on deposits in its savings banks. Vermont, with a population of 332,286, has over $24,000,000 in its savings banks ; and in New Hampshire, with 376,530 of a population, the deposits in the savings banks amount to $74,377,279. I will not occupy your time further with (juotations upon this line. Those I have given, and many others that I might give, show conclusively that, whatever effect prohibition may have, it has not the effect in any way of iliminishing the prosperity of a country. On the contrary, there can be no doubt that, as it diminishes crime, and the cost of caring for criminals, as it diminishes vice and wretchednes.s, it must add to the productive power of a country's industry. So, if prohibition caused the state to do without the revenue from the sale of intoxicating liquors, it adds to the wealth of the state the money that would otherwise be expended in a ten-fold ratio in connection with the evils which the licjuor traffic produces. We have the testimony of the most distinguished observers in these several states which we have the right to accept as proving the result of the prohibitory enactment. In Vermont, Attorney-Cieneral Plumley says : " Every year shows improvement in the enforcement of the law, and the decrease of intemperance and crime." Such statements show, not only that the law is not a dead-letter, but that it is in force, and that men who are responsible for the enforcement of the law, and who repre- sent the state in high positions, regard the enforcement as satisfactory, and l)elieve that the good results are etjually perceptible. The president of the State Agricultural Society of Vermont .says : " Prohibition is the best law for Vermont, as shown by the almost entire absence of intemperance and crime." Let us turn now to the State of Iowa, where also prohibition is in force with some Ijcneficial results. We find that no less an authority than United States Senator Wilson, a gentleman whose reputation extends beyond the boundaries of his own State, and who is looked upon as an authority, says ; " In every desirable aspect of the case, prohibition has lieen lieneficial to Iowa As respects busines.^, value of proferly, moral and educational conditions, diminution of crime and criminal expenses and domestic phases of Euciely — Iowa stands at the head of the list." Chaplain Williams, of the Iowa State penitentiary, says : "The business of making criminals fell ofT remarkably upon the pas.sage of the prohibitory law." Governor I^aralwe says : " I think mote than half ol the jails are empty. Expense* of criminal rcurts have decreased. Tramps are very scarce in Iowa. I'rolubly 3,000 of their rectuiHng stotinna have been closed. The families of laboring men now receive the savings that used to go to the saloons." Kansas is another .State in the neighboring republic which has tried prohibition. After much agitation, public opinion was crystallized into law, and to-day Kansas may fairly be .said to be a strong prohibitory State. The fact that the law is violated here and there, the fact that men can procure, by devious ways, an illegal means of satisfying their depraved appetites, is no proof that prohibition cannot be, and is not rea.sonably well enforced. It is admitted on all sides that many laws, which are recognized as wise and judicious, and which no statesman would dare to suggest should be repealed, are not well enforced in all jxirts of the country ; they are occasionally violated and l)ecause they are occasionally violated, we insist all the more strongly that those whose duty it is to attend to the administration of justicj should see that these laws are as rigidly enforced as the circumstances of the case will admit. We have found th.1t (lovernor Humphrey, of Kansas, u.ses this language : " The records of courts and of prisons, from the city calaboose to the iwnitentiaries, show a diminution of crime, bearing the most ini.'onte8lible evidence of the efficiency of (he law." The late .Senator J. J. Ingalls says : " Kans.is has almlished the saloon. A drunkard is a phenomenon. The barkee|>er has joined the troubadour, the crusader and the mound- builder. The biewery, the distillery and the twnded warehouse are known only lo the archaologisl." The late respected .Senator I'lumb, of Kansas, says : " There has been a great diminution in the consumption of liquors, and in the consequent drunkenness and crime, in the State of Kansas, as the result of the exclusion of the saloon." Congre.ssman Kelly, of Kansas, says : " No law ever passed has added so much to the comfort and h,ippiness of the people as the prohibitory law in Kansas." ("hief Justice Horton, of Kansa.s, says: " Under the law of Kansas the open saloon has been banished utterly from its limits." Oovernor Martin, of Kansas, says : " There is no longer any controversy in Kansas concerning the results and beneficence of the temperance laws. Fully nine-teribs of the drinking and drunkenness have been abolished." Rev. D. Kelly, United States pension agent at Topeka, Kansas, in 1880 compiled a statement of the paupers and criminals of the 106 counties of Kansas. 'I'his list showed forty-four counties without a pauper, and thirty-.seven without a criminal in jail. I can tiuote an enormous mass of testimony of an official character, given by the Covernors of Maine in their official atldresses to the State Legislature, extending from 1871 down to the present year, but it would be unfair to occupy your time with reading these addresses. I can only direct the attention of those who are interested in the in<|uiry to the original sources of this information, the otTicial reports of the State of Maine. Almost without exception, every chief executive of that State has given his testimjny in the strongest and most unnii.ifakable manner, as to the Ijenefnial results of prohibition in the State, as to its complete practicability, and as to the fact that after an experience in prohibition extending o"er forty years, public opinion is 'troi^ger to-day than it ever was in maintaining the law. No public man, exjwcting to continue to represent the intelligent ])eople of that wealthy and |)rosperous community, would retain his public position for an hour if 24 rROHIBITION LEADERS. '' 2 P he undertook to oppose the continuance of that law. I think if only fair to (luote a few words from that distinguished proh:i)itionist, venerated throughout the world for his services in behalf of the cause of temperance, Neal Dow, still living, at the age of ninety years, who, looking back upon a triumphal record in connection with this great reform, says : " There were no people in the Union who consumeil more strong liijuors in proportion to nuinl>ers ihnn these of Maine had done. There were many distilleries in the stale ; grogshops were every- where J there was no hamlet so small .ind retired that the drink fiend did not find it and estal>lish a drunkard factory there. The result of this wonJerful revolution (1851) was immediate and plainly seen throughout the state. All decent men everywhere employed in the liquor traffic atiandoned it at once. The diminution of the liquor trade was so sudden and so great thai within six months the jails in Penobscot, Kennebec, Franklin, Oxford and York were empty. The jail in the most populous county, Cumtwrland, had for years been badly overcrowded, but within six months it had only five inmates ; three of them were rumsellers. The House of Correction for Cumtier- land County was entirely empty. The immediate decrease of the numl)er of pau|>ers in our workhouse was like that of the occupants of our jails. The law was well enforced generally throughout the slate. In Portland, before the law, there were many poor, ragged, and bare- footed children begging cold victuals from door to door. Within six months after ihe enactment of the law all that disappeared from our streets, and not a fragment of it remains at this day. It is within the fact to say that less than one twentieth of the (|uanlity of liquors formerly sold in the slate is now smuggled in and sold in violation of the law. " The quantity of liquor now sold in Portland Is not one-hundredth part so great as it was formerly, the city being twice larger now than when the law was enacted. Formerly liquors equal to the entire valuat ion of the Slate were sold in every period of twenty years, as they are now sold in the nation to the value of all its property in every period of thirty-five years. Maine was formerly the poorest state in the Union ; now it is one of the most prosperous. We save and have been sriving more than $20,000,000 annuclly, which but for Prohibition would be wasted in drink." This testimony, which could lie amply corroborated, if time ]x;rmitted, by other tjuotations, amply vindicates the position we take, that not only would the law Ix; lieneficial, but that it could be practically worked, with one condition, and that is that the people generally favored it. So strong has this conviction been that public men have been induced, in many provinces of the Dominion, to a.sk the <|uestion formally of the people, by means of a plebiscite, whether they are of the opinion that it is desirable to prohibit the sale of intoxicating liquor. The figures have lieen given in the public press from time to time, but I think no argument on the subject would be complete unless they were repeated here. The Province of Manitoba was the first to lead off in ascertaining the wishes of the people in regard to Pro- hibition. A vote was taken, I believe, in 1892, resulting in favor of Prohibition. The vote stood, 18,637 for and 7,1 15 against, a majority of 1 1,522 in favor of a prohibitory liquor law in the Province of Manitoba. In this connection we have an appeal to this parliament by the I.«gislature of Manitoba, based upon the results of this plebiscite, which I feel it my duty to read to the House : " Whereas, by an Act 1 f Ihe I.e^^islature of the Province of Manitoba, assented to on the 20th April, 1S92, eniiiled, '.An Act to enable the electors of Manitoba to register their votes upon Ihe advisability of the introduction of a law totally prohibiting the importa- tion, manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage into or in the Province of Manitolia, it was provided that at the then next ensuing general election of menil>ers of the Legislative Assembly an opportunity should l)c given the electors of the Province of Manitoba to record Iheir opinions ujmn the advisability of the introduction of a law prohibiting the importation, manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors in the Province of Manitoba by marking ballot papers either ' For Prohibition' or 'Against Prohibiiion,' and depositing such ballot papers in the ballot boxes al the lime of such general election. " And whereas, in accordance with Ihe provisions of the saiil last mentioned act, on the 23rd day of July, 1892, ihe day on which such general election was held, a majority of the electors of Manitoba went, under Ihe provisions of the said act, and recorded their opinions upon the question in said act set forth, and the result of said vote, according to Ihe ballot papers marked and deposited, was as follows : For Prohililion, 18,137, Against Prohibiiion, 7,115, thereby demonstrating that an overwhelming miijority of the electors of this province who then voted are in favor of the total prohibition of the importation, manufacture and sale of intoxicating licpiors as a beverage into or in the Province of Manitoba : " And whereas, the liquor traffic and its results is an evil that entails upon the people of this province an incalculable amount of loss and suffering, and is productive of vice, disease and crime to a greater extent than any other cause ; "And whereas, it is deenred lobe Iheduty of this House to place upon record its strong condeniration of a traffic demoralizing in its tendency, and calculated to retard and hamper Ihe moral and material welfare of the province ; " And whereis, it appears thai full legislative power in respect of the premises rests on Ihe parliament of Canada ; and whereas, this legislature agrees to supplement, if necessary, any eflective prohibitory liquor law pissed by Ihe Dominion Parliament by appropriate legislation ; " Petitioners therefore pray, that your honorable body shall, with all convenient speed, enact a law prohibiting the importation, manu- facture ana sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage into or in the Province of Manitoba." So we have here, in the most formal manner possible, the appeal of the electors and legislature of ManitolKi to enact a prohibitory liquor law, and pledging the faith and honor of the people to support such supplementary legislation as may be necessary in the premises. Prince Edward Island was also appealed to, and I hold in my hand the result of the vote in that fine province. The vote was as follows : For, 10,616; again.st, 3,390; total majority, 7,226; or, in Prince County, an average of 3^( to i ; in Queen's, 2 J^ to 1; in King's, 3^3 to I. The great, wealthy, fine Province of Ontario has also sjMjken on this question, and the figures are significant of the wish and desire of a majority of the people. The statistics are so familiar to members of the House that I will not read them in detail, but suffice it to say that the total vote was as follows : In the counties, 154,009 for, and 21,923 against ; in the cities, 30,136 voted for, and 21,923 against; in the districts, 8,342 voted for, and 4,968 .igainst ; total for, 192,497, against, 110,757, leaving a majority of 81,730; deducting 10,203 as being the votes of women, still leaves a majority of 71,527. But it is only fair to assume that, although I have deducted the votes of women, they represent a very strong power and a highly cultivated public opinion, an influence which will be I PROMMUTION I-K.\I)I;RS »5 votes upon the lini; the imporla- l)evrrage into or hat at the then slative AMcnibly ince of Manitoba nlrotluction of a e of intoxicating ot papers either iting such balliit election, of the sail) last V day on vhich ors of Manitoba ed their opinions lit of said vote, was as follows : y of the electors al prohibition of ing li<|Uors as a is an evil that : amount of loss rime to a greater House to place moraliiing in its iral and material wer in respect of nd whereas, this ctive prohibitory by appropriate body shall, with wrlation, manu- :e into or in the ]j()ssible, the toUt to enact h and honor legislation as dward Island the result of as follows : ,226 ; or, in teen's, 2^ to ine Province 1 1 the figures lority of the il)ers of the t suffice it to he counties, _?o, 1 36 voted 2 voted for, 1st, 110,757, IS being the 1. But it is leducted the xjwer and a 'hich will be of the greatest value in sustaining the law if we ever succeed in having it placed on the statute bo-jk. While I admit that a law can only be sustained by strong public sentiment, it is greatly fostered by that class of the community. I conv.' next to my own fair province. Nova .Scotia, and I am glad to say that at the plebiscite taken at the last Provincial elections it gave a majority of ,? 1,400 in favor of prohibition, the figures l)eing 43,750 in favor and 1 2,^^50 against. We thus see that the |)eo|)le have spoken as plainly as possible on this ([iiestion. They have complied as far as possible with the re(|uest of this parliament to show that they would support any legislation looking to the |)rohil)ition of the li<|uor traffic. 'I'hey have answered the (|uestion as to whether public opinion is ripe for the necessary legislation, and wiiuther the (K'ople are willing to give effect to these views. Looking over this whole subject, I think, taking into consideration the nature of the resolution, I hold that parliament should stamp with its approval the a|)peal that is maile, that as s|)cedily as possible we should enact a pro- hibitory law, with exceptions in favor of the use of alcoholic li(l'iors for medicinal, manufacturing and sacramental pur- poses. Sir, I have made no attempt to press upon your attention all the considerations that might be urged in favor of prohibitory legislation. Any attempt to exhaust the argument would exhaust the patience of my hearers as well. In the time I had placed at my dis|)osal I have toucheil upon a few only of the more obvious objections and answers daily arising in the discu.ssions upon this great sub- ject, the vast literature of which covers not only the ground I have just traversed, but takes into its consideration almost the whole field of political, social and moral economy. I h.ive shown, I trust, that parliament has the power, as well as the tluty, thrown upon it of dealing with the liquor traffic on the lines laid down in the resolution I have |)resented. It has tieen shown that a prohibitory law can be efficiently carried into operation, and that its effects, when fairly worked, are favorable to every |)r()per interest of the state. It has been abundantly shown, not only in what I have just urged, but in the whole tenor of the former debates in this House, that the traffic in alcoholic licjuors is the cau.se of the greatest evils that afflict society. I'Vom the opinions of statesmen and jurists, from the expressions of the views of :he most sagacious and competent observers in all countries, from the official reports of associations especially devoted to inc|uiry in this branch of social reform, and from the results of investigations made at the expense of and under the sanc- tion of the state itself, and even from the formal resolutions of this Parliament of Canada, the conclusion has t)een irresistil)ly forced upon a large majority of the best pco[)le of Canada, that the wisdom and |)ractical statesmanshij) of the present day have 1I0 profounder problem witli which to grapjile than the one to which your attention is now invited. The litjuor habit, it has been tlemonstrated, is an eneiuy to personal health and mental vigor, to the peace and happi- ness of the home, and to the industrial interests of every community in projiortion as it has gained a foothold. The traffic, as it is now carried on, under the sanction and with ihe protection of the state, is the fruitful source of drunkenness ami crime, and, " 'cause of its demoralizing tendencies in every direction in which its influence is exerted, it has l«.'come the enemy and o|)pressor of the state itself It is hostile to industry, to purity in political and social life, and to that good citizenship which is the salvation and ought to be the j)ride of sound government. It wastes the resources of the vast majority of those whose means are used to su.stain it ; it throws extra burdens of taxation and the responsibility for good government upon the shoulders of the .sober, industrious and thrifty, and Hings upon the care and charity of society the innocent victims of the ravages of intem|)erance. Hut, nay objectors, there is a public com- pensation. Look at the reveuue derived from the traffic ; look at the thou.sands employed in the manufacture and sale of li(|uors ; look at the ca|)ital engaged in the licjuor busi- ness, and the wages paid in carrying it on, and say if you would deprive society and the state of the advantages of these resources and expenditure ! These are the comjiensa- tions for di.sorder, for poverty, vice, crime, public loss, and embarrassment ; for [H;rsonal and domestic suffering inde- scribable, and for a burden of ta.xation, a wasteful and reckless extravagance and expentliture far exceeding in amount and capability of injury all the fancied and imaginary iienefits claimed for the li(|uor traffic. Sir, there is no comparison between the assumed gain and the certain loss. The state gathers a few million.s, while individuals who might otherwise support the state's great enterprises S(]uander five times the amount. While we put into our treasury some seven millions of gold annually, we witness without dismay an annual waste of thirty-five or forty millions expended in alcoholic liijuors, and with it the ruin of thousands of homes, the wreck of almost measureless resources, which would otherwi.se go to strengthen a genuine prosperity. Sweep away the traffic by an adequate law of prohibition. Refuse it the sanction of the government and legislature, and the revenue from it will scarcely be missed in the general buoyancy of the national income derived from other sources. We have the assurance of statesmen of the highest eminence, some of whom are yet in the practical administration of affairs, that the immediate and certain benefits which must accrue will fir outweigh in value and importance the loss to the revenues of the country. The revenue depreciation will be slight and temporary ; the jiublic gain will be permanent and vast. The growth in the general resources wi'.l more than counterbalance the depre- ciation from special sources, while the great individual and domestic, not to mention the moral, benefits will forever remain to ii|)holii and strenthen every true national interest. Industry will be promoted, because relieved of unjpst and unfair burdens of taxation ; political life will be purified and ennobled, because relieved of the degrading and unhealthful influence of the saloon and grog-shop, and social happiness will lie promoted by the rapid disappearance of those vices which always accompany drunkennes.s. In the improved habits of the cl.-isses yet degraded by the curse of alcoholism, in the r-^W f^ :'.\ri a6 PROHIBITION LEADKRS ij I reduction of pauperism and crime, in the l)etter enforcement of our laws, in the enhanced rewards of thrift and industry, in the advant;ige of capital and hbor transferred to lx;tter fields of c()m()etition, in the increased values of proix-rty, in the pros[H;rity i^f thousands, whose lives are now pnxiuctive of only wastefulness and loss, and the wider diffusion of comfort and ha[)[)iness throughout every portion of our Dominion, we will have our reward for the enacting of a prohibitory lic/uor law. No prohibitionist claims that such an enactment would furnish a pwnacea for all the evils that afflict society. Others would remain to tax the wisdom and industry of successive jiarliaments. The abuses of century- old habits and laws are not removed in a day or a year. There must l)e jjeriods of anxiety and of struggle, as in the history of every reform which has blest humanity. New light, new laws and lx;tter conditions must ever make their way by warfare against ignorance, selfishness and corruption. But the result, if the majority is constant and patient, need not l)e doubted. Supported by constitutional majorities, whose will in this free country makes and unmakes adminis- trations, and whose determination decides policies and the character of law.s, the prohibition of the litiuor traffic, tliat fountain of wrong and damige, will ultimately take its place among the most revered and most loyally sustained of our public statutes. I tru.st, sir, that this parliament will not neglect the cry which comes from every province of the Dominion to give them this legislation as soon as practicable. I trust that the Oovernment may be able to give us the a.ssurance of their loyal support. The circumstances are propitious for dealing with the re was no successful way of dealing with it except by ending it. "Thank (lod," said Secretary Seward once in the Senate, " the shifting .sands of compromise are passing from under my feet ; I now feel beneath me the rock of abolition." In relation to the li([uor traffic, Neal Dow's feet were long ago planted on the rock. Some of us yet stand on the sand. On his ninetieth birthday, that great reformer, whose career we are met to honor, commenced a speech with this sentence : " I who am about to die salute you." In the Roman amphitheatre, when gladiators were about to enter mortal combats, they .saluted the emperor with these memorable words : " Morituri salulamus." It is a solemn, and ought to be an inspiring and strategic, hour, when we salute one who salutes us in this manner, with the wisdom of nearly a century of experience in his words and the light of eternity on his countenance. The face of (leorge Washington was a large type copy of the Ten C'ommandments. So is that oi' Neal Dow. Con.science and courage, will and wisdom, duly combined, make celestial fire. A large spark of that fire A-as a divine gift to Neal Dow's seal. This has made his life for nearly a century a purifying force in American civilization. Whether as mayor, legislator, general or civilian, he has always been a reformer, at once unselfish and unflinching. Every temperance blade should have a hilt, and every tem(x.'rance hilt should have a blade. The Maine prohibitory law, as framed and executed by Neal Dow, was a sword with both blade and hilt. His principles of total abstinence and prohibition give that blade a double edge, and make it invincible. He has fought a good fight, he has kept the faith, and even at ninety years of age he has not finished his course. In the rising tide of temperance agitation in modern days, the wave of Prohibition has a most strategic position. All the waves that ri.se behind it urge it on. All the waves that rise before it are urged on by it. It commands the sea. There is, no doubt, from time to time, a recession of minor billows and eddies, but as the horologe of time strikes the advancing, fateful vears, the central tide of the temperance reform continually rises. 1 760. John Wesley denounces liquor-sellers as living in houses stained with blood, and driving men to perdition like sheep. 1785. Dr. Rush, in co-operation with Eranklin and Putnam, a.ssails the drinking customs of his day in th>.' name of science. 18 10. Lyman Beecher launches the thunderbolts of the church against intemperance. 1826. Justin lulwards, in the American Society for the Promotion of Temperance, lifts the educated sentiment of the land to abhorrence of the liciuor traffic, and of the drinking customs of society. 1838. ^iassachusetts adopts the famous law forbidding the sale, at any one time, of any less quantity than fifteen gallons. 1840. The Washingtonian movement commences, and John Clough becomes, on both sides of the sea, the foremost advocate of total abstinence. 1 85 1. Conserving the whole moral and political force of the previous movcnient.s, the Maine I^w arrives, with Neal Dow as its originator and champion. aS I'ROHIIUTION I.KADKRS I I I I 1869. The National Prohibition Party, known until 1 884 as the Prohihilion Reform Party, is founded. With Ncal Dow, Jolui P. St. John, (lineral Kisk, Miss Willard, Mrs. I-ivcrmore, Samuel Dickie, Dr. Miner, and scores of other heroi<.- leaders, and with The Voiit and other tem- perance journals as assistants, it has conducted many admirable cam|)aigns, and extended j;reatly the teni|)eran<'e education of the |>eo|)le and increased the political strength of the temj)erance vote. 1874. The Women's (Christian Temperance Union is organized, and under the leadershij) of I'Vances Willard, and later of Laily Henry Somerset, and their coiaborers, achieves a career of varied beneficence unmatcheil among organizations of its class in the whole tide of time. 1888. The SM|)renie Court of the United States decides, in tlie Kansas cases, that prohibition of the licjuor traffic is constitutional. i8(x',. Scientific temperance instruction is made man- datory in the s( hoois of thirty-eight .American states anil all the territories. Mrs. Mary 11. Hunt, leader of this movement, receives five highest awards at the World's Fair for her work as National Su[)erintendent of scientific ten)- l)erance instruction in the Women's ( "hristian Tem|)erance Union, and for temperance text-lwoks adapted to the new law. 1894. Colorado grants to woman etiual sufTrage, and woman's ballot is everywheie dreaded by the saloon as the ally of Prohibition. 1895. If it is (K'rmitted to forec.ist the future, may we not ho[)e for a congressional investigating commission, vested with power to unveil the liorrors of the charnel houses which the liquor traffic has filled witii deiid men's bones and all uncleanness ? 1900. May we not hope that lx.'fore the close of th',- present centurj* scientific temperance instruction will have been spread over the entire republic ? Out of forty-four states, it now covers thirty-nine, and all the territories, with the District of Columbia, Annapolis and West Point. 1 910. At this date, the cities are I'kely to contain a majority of the population of the land. Unless the li(juor tratTi<' is brought under control, some great disaster, caused by the political despotism of the dram-shop, will probably occur, and will become the basis of colossal reforms. Whenever the dram-shop oligarchy does something analogous to what slavery did when it fired on l-'ort Sumter, there will be a moral, political, and if necessary a military, uprising of the people. Political necessity will ultimately make the li(|uor traffic an outlaw. It is a fact, and no fancy, that we have all lived to see the abolition of slavery. It is not incredible that most of us may live to see the abolition of the liquor traffic by state and national enactment, both legislative and constitutional. .\s all the forces of our history tended to the abolition of slavery by moral, political and military methods, so all these forces now tend to make the liijuor traffic forever an outlaw. I^t us, first of all, congratulate our guest on his three- score and twenty crowded, heroic and victorious years. And next, let us all devoutly thank heaven for giving to the world Neal Dow. And first, midst, last, let us commend to the nation and the worhl, in the temiK'raniv confli<-t, his name and principles as watchwords of gratitude, unity, aeid victory. Neal Dow's Watchwords for the Twentieth Century is my theme, and my general purpose is to show that his sword, with its twtj edges of abstinence and prohibition, ought to Hush far and wide and victoriously in the new age al)out to dawn. Neal Dow was lK)rn March 2, 1804. This was a famous year, signalized by the coronation of Ua|>ole>)n as emperor of the I'Yench and the publication of his celebrated civil co what Neal Dow was taught to do. " Whoever resolves to do all his duty, and not merely part of it," .said I-ord Bacon, " is immediately con- scious of the i)tcsence of the gods." .\n aureole of that presence has been the .secret of Neal Dow's power. He was a total abstainer from youth. He was educated in the Portland Academy and the I'Viends' New Bedford Institute. Justin Kdwards, of Andover, Ma.ssachu.setts, was one of the first to interest him in temiierance work. As a member of the Maine Mechanics' Charitable Association, while yet a young man, he opposed the admission of a rum- seller, who applie'1 for membershi]), and after a protracted discussion, secured his rejection. A thrilling incident in Neal Dow's early personal experience fired a train of thought and action which led to the enactment of the Maine Prohibitory Law. The moment of the crystallization of the main lines of a great career is always worthy of minute study. A lady whom he knew sent to Neal Dow a note expressing a wish to see him. Her husband was a graduate of Harvard University, and g- I'ROHIHITION F.KADKRS »9 {iving ined the door, and found the husliand in a group of drinkers, pulled him out, and stated the ca.se to the proprietor, a"d l)egged him to sell no more to this man, because otherwise he wouUI certainly lose his situation, and his lamily would Ik; without resources. " It is my busine.is to sell rum," was the brutal reply of the bar keeiH;r. " I have a license to sell rum. I shall sell it to any ,)ne who wants it, and has the money to i>ay for it. I support my family by selling rum. I want none of your advice. When I want it, I'll send for you; until then, keep it to yourself." " You have a license to sell rum, have you ? " Mr. Dow- replied. " N'ou will sell it to any one who can pay for it, will you ? Vou .,uppoit your family by destroying the families of others, do you ? Heaven helping me, I'll see if I cannot change all that." Taking the poor drunkard by the arm, he led him hon.e, and from that hour began the war for the extermination of the grog-shojis. He resolved to make the licpior traffic in Maine an outlaw. This account of tiie famous incident which fired him for the war I have given with literal adherence to statements authorized by himself, and pur- posely without amplification or emlK.'llishnient. John Woolley, in an .address of wonderful vividness, given in C!hic.igo at the TemiH;rance Temple, has told these facts in a way to make them glow and burn from within like the heart of a crucible. It was in the flame of righteous indignation at the legalized wickedness of license that Neal I )ow's soul was raised to white heat for Prohibition. He li.id been taught the trade of a tanner. As Dr. Cuyler say.s, he now took up the chase of the wild iKjast of the li(iuor traffic, and pursued it with such .success that he flayed him alive, tanned his hide, and nailed it to the door of the statehouse at Augusta. He began his efforts by a ten years' campaign for the education of the iKJople. " Maine," Neal 1 )ow now says, " was made a Prohibition state by sowing it knee-deep with temperance literature." Winter and summer, in weather cold or hot, wet or dry, he made in his carriage missionary tours of the state, taking always with him one friend — Mr. Shirley, of Brooklyn — and sometimes two or three, and himself paying all expenses. Series of meetings were arranged in advance, and large audiences awaited him, to which, as well as in private houses, and esjx'cially among school children, he distributed temperance tract.s, besides the inspiration of his incisive and manly eloquence. The first fruit of these elTorls was the Maine Prohibitive Act of 1846. This law made no adecpiate provision for the seizure of li(iuors illegally held for sale. Mr. Dow immedi- ately lK.'gan agitation for its amendment, and for the choice of a legislature pledged to effective Prohibition. \\'hile mayor of Portland, he tlrafted the celebrated bill which afterwards iK-came the famous Maine law. It forlwde the manufacture, sale and keeping for sale of intoxicating li(|uors. I,i(|Uors kept for sale were to Ik; seized, confiscated and destroyed. No action could Ik; maintained for recovery of li(|uors thus confiscated. There could Ik; no property in such liipiors. Cases arising under ihi.s act were to take |)recedence in the courts over all others, except those in which the |K.'rsons on trial were actually waiting in c(mfine- ment. Penalties im[)osed in the act were not to lie lightened directly or indirectly by the coutt. Liijuors for medicinal purposes or for use in the manufactures and the arts were to be sold by an agent specially appointed in each town, who should have no pecuniary interest in the sales. This act was to go into effect as soon as ap()roved by the governor. Mr. Dow's friends in Portland, to whom he submitted this bill for criticism, were confiare floor through the exceptionally cold winter of 1863-64. In 1857, 1866 and 1873 (ieneral Dow visited England, and delivered there gratuitiously some 500 addresses, under the auspices of the United Kingdom Alliance. In 1880 he was the candidate of the I'rohibition party for president of the Unitetl States, and led an encouraging temperance educational camixiign for the peojilc. It is characteristic of Neal Dow's temperance programme that he has united in it the l)est of the proposals of reformers before his time with the best of tho.se made by his contem- poraries. His great principles are total abstinence for the individual, total prohibition by the state. But he believes, also, in thorough education of the masses in regard to temjierunce issues. He is 'a full sympathy with the most advanced inculcations of science concerning total abstinence, and would have these taught everywhere in the common schools. He is a firm friend of the Woman's ('hristian Temperance Union, and very especially of the work for scientific temperance instruction. He has succeeded under a broad suffrage, and is an advocate of a yet wider ballot — he believes in woman's suffrage. He has never underrated moral and religious agitation for the support of the temi)erance cause. He is anxious to secure the co-operation of the churches in both moral and political measures for the suppression of the traffic. He believes that church memlwrs who are voters should so use their suffrage as to make the traffic an outlaw. He was one of the founders of the Republican party, but advocates a reorganization of politics for the puriM)se of .securing state and national I'rohibition, legislative and constitutional. Is it said that the Neal Dow programme in the temperance reform is impracticable ? That programme, as we have seen, consists chiefly of two proposals total abstinence by the individual, political Prohibition by the state. My contention is that in both its parts the programme has been proved by half a century of history to be not only practicable, but invincible. Total abstinence is now the watchword of the best life assurance societies. These cool, commercial organizations assure us that a man in middle life has at least a third bjtter chance of long life as a total abstainer than as a moderate drinker. Many life assurance societies divide their clients into two sections — total abstainers and moderate drinkers — and often find that they mu.st pay a bonus or premium of 18, 20 and 23 per cent, to the former, so much less is their average mortality than that of the latter. Athletic clubs agree with life assurance societies in reverence for total abstinence. Thirty-nine of the forty-four states of the American union have now made scientific tem|H'rance instruction of the young mandatory. This instruction, wh -rever approved text-l)ooks are used, is keyed up to the level of total abstinence. Among the writers of such approved text-lKK)ks are sucfn hindered l>y the timidity, trickery and treachery of fifth-rate |Kiliticinns, anxious not to offend the whisky vote. It has Ik-cm hindered hy the a|>athy and somnolence of church menit)er.s. Four millions of Protestants and alniuf a million of Catholics in the United States are at once church niemlK'rs and voters. Most Protestant churches now •exclude rumsellers from churi'h memlH.-rshi|i. To do this, and yet to allow church members to vote unrelmked to leKali/.e rumsellin)(, is flat self-contradiction and moral dishonor. It is often debated whether rumselling is a s'm />er sf, or only a sin in its conseciuences. This i|uery need not detain long an alert and practical mind. Whether a sin in it.self, or only in its consenuences, or in Innh res|)ects, it is certain that rumselling as a business is so mischievous that, after many decades of di.scussion, the general Protestant rule is to exclude the rumseller from church membership. This large and indisputable temperance fact has many sides : 1. Any business which justly excludes the man who practices it from church memlxjrship cannot l)e consistently licensed, or in any way legalized by Christian votes. One and the same church cunnot, without self-contradiction, exclude rumsellers from church membership, and also favor the legal sanction of rumselling. It cannot, in reason or honor, with one hand make rumsellers, and with the other excommunicate rumsellers. 2. Any business which justly excludes the man who practices it from church membership cannot Ik; legalized without sin. This is the official tledaration of the Methodist Church in the United States, and is the level to which all churches that exclude rumsellers from church memlxTship ought, in simple Christian consistency, to rise. I-ogical consistency reriuires this level. 3. Any business which justly excludes the man who practices it from church membership ought not to be legalized by the state, nor should the state have any {xirtnership in such business. It is from the point of view of this fact that the Ciottenlx-'rg system, which provides for the continuance of the traffic under state management, is seen to te viciou;-. in principle. 4. Any business which justly excludes the man who practices it from church membership cannot be legalized by a free state depending on the votes of a free church which excludes rum.sellers from memljership, unless by the disloyalty of Christians to their principles. 5. As no rumseller ought to be a church member, no political party that proposes to legalize rum.selling can Ix; consistently supported by ("hristian votes. These five propositions are only the different sides of a single pentagon. If the churches were consistent with themselves, and were to exhibit unanimity within the defen.ses of ihis pentagon, there is no political party in the nation whose policy, in regard to the liquor traffic, might not i)e brought gradually into harmony with Christian principles. I>et the churches make the liquor traffic an outlaw, and ultimately the state must do so. Not imly do most Protestant chunhes now exclude rumsellers from church memlicrship, anositions are two : 1. That no religious denomination which excludes rumsellers from church memlicrship can consistently allow its memlwrs to vote to legalize it. 2. That it is not seemly nor safe, and will not long lie possible, for the churches to lie divided against themselves in .such a way that what some denominations treat as immorality others treat as simply an indiscretion. Two standards as to the morality of legalizing the li(|uor traffic will not long exist side by side in the churches of free nations. The whole trend of jjublic sentiment shows that church memt)ers will soon lie regardetl everywhere as committing an immorality when they vote to legalize the liquor traffic. All the churches will, sot)ner or later, rise to the standard temperance level. As Neal Dow himself has said, " The liquor traffic exi.sts in this country to-day only by the suffrance of the memlicrship of the C'hristian churches. They are masters of the situation so far as alxtlition of the traffic is concerned. When they say go, and vote go, it n'/V/ go." License always implies the legalization of a portion of the liquor traffic* It aims also to repress a portion of that traffic. It contains thus l)oth a sartttion and a condemna- tion of the saloon. It is a statutory authori/.ation of a part of the traffic. It is al.so in theory a statutory limitation o^ another part of the traffic. It is this double character of licen.se whic:h causes, even among intelligent voters, so much confusion of thought concerning it. But it is highly important to emphasize the fact that licenses repress one portion of the traffic only at the expense of .sanctioning another portion of it. *Bouvier, in his Law Dictionary, definei license as " a right given by some competent authority to do an act which, without such authority, would be illegal." The text of the document giving a license usually reads : " License is hereby given by authority of (he city of to A. B. to keep a saloon and to sell," etc. All this shows that license means legalization of a portion of the liquor traffic. A tax, on the contrary, confers no authoiity on him who pays it. Bouvier defines a tax as a " contribution imposed by government on individuals for the service of the state." It is futile, therefore, to contend that license is simply a tax upon the traffic, and only a limitation of it, and not an authorization of a portion of it. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1 /. o ^ > m- K^ €^ 4 Q. i< w.. ;/j u. 1.0 I.I If »« Ilia ■^ IM mil 2 2 <." lis 2.0 1^ 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" _ ► V] ^^

/ y M Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 372-4503 3* M 32 I'RonilUriON I.I'IADKRS This simple analysis of the dermitioii of liccnsu answers most of the arguments in defence of it. The (jiiestion is asked whether ten saloons are not better than fiftet'n. The reply is that they are not, if the fifteen ean he rediued to ten only by definitely giving the sanction of government to the ten. Are not ten murders better than twenty ? No, if the twenty can be reduced to ten only by a statutory authorization of the ten. Is not half a loaf better than no bread ? No, if the half loaf can be liad only on condition that it be first saturated with poi.son, and this by the authority of the whole comnuinity. Did not Mo.ses license polyganiy, and so attempt to limit its range? V'es, but not at the expense of assuming that the Divine sanction was given to polygamy within the actual range to which it was limited. Of two evils, must not we choose the less? No, if in choosing the less we are rei|uired to do evil ourselves. Of two evils, choose neither. License makes the community itself a rumseller. It has now become disreputable for the individual to be a rum-seller, (,'omparatively few native Americans engage in the retail li(iuor traffic. The foremost Christian denomina- tions, such as the Methodist and I'resbyterian, exilude liipior-sellers from church membership. Hut license, high or low, makes the state a li(|uor-seller. As Horace (Ireeley was accustometl to say, " It is disreputable enough for the indiviilual, under the pressure of personal wants, to become a liquor-seller : but for the whole state to become such, and this with no necessity, but from pure greed and cowardice, is infamous." The actual saloon of our day is notoriously a school of crime, an ally of anarchy, a fountain of social misery, a source of heavy taxation, a cesspool of [jolitical corruption. License makes the whole community a partner in the busi- ness of the actual saloon. To that business, with these results, license gives governmental sanction, and so a legal resjjectability. Hut the actual saloon, in most cases, has infamous allies. 'I'he gambling-hell, and the brothel, and the gilded high license saloon, usually go together in great cities. As Prof. Herrick Johnson has said in an ejjigram, not soon to be forgotton, " Low license asks for vour son ; high license for your daughter also." High license tempts the saloon to make alliance with the gambling-hell and the brothel, so as to raise funds to pay the high license fee. The temptation is rarely resisted. License of the saloon, therefore, may easily amount in effect to a license of gam- bling and harlotry. It is assumed in this discussion that the wickedness of licensing these allies of the saloon is admitted. Hut the community that fosters the liquor traffic by giving it legalization, does practically make itself largely res])onsible for the usual allies of the tratlfic. Liquor-selling, it is sometimes said, is not a sin in it.self. But the business of the actual saloon is what is in ([uestion. W'c think that this is a sin in itself, fully justifying the exclu- sion of the liciuor-seller from church membership, as it now does in the leading evangelical denominations. lUit cer- tainly the business, even if it were not a sin in itself, is a sin in its circumstances. The wickedness of all forms of license is proved by the wickedness notoriously resulting from the business of the actual saloon of our day. To make the conmiunity a |)artner in that business and its results by license, high or low, is not only the worst social economy, but also ethical wickedness. The actual licpior traffic, as the Methodist Church officially declares, " can never be legalized without sin." It may not be a sin in itself to light a match, but it is a sin in its circumstances to light a match in a powder magazine. The actual saloon manufactures paupers, criminals, widows, or|)han.s, madmen and lost souls, and license of the actual .saloon itself is a participator in this wickedness. License proceeds u[)on self-contradictory principles. It sanctions the traffic with one hand and condenuis it with the other. In the days of the American conflict with slavery, government tre.ited slave-holding as a crime north of Mason and 1 )ixon's line. All the power of the government was to be brought to bear against it there. One hair's-breadth south of that line, however, slavery changed its character and was to be permitted. All the powers of the government were to be exercised to defend it there. History has now- proved that a policy thus divided against itself could not |)ros|)er. Under a license system, government treats the liijuor traffic as it once did slavery. The license fee is Mason and Dixon's line. On one side of that line govern- ment conilemns the traffic. A hair's-breadth across the line, on the other side, government defends it. These principles are self-contradictory. A house divided against it.self cannot stand. License forces the saloon into politics, discijiliiies the enemy, and so is the source of untold political corruption. 'I'he liceiiiied licpior traffic corrupts the police force and the lower courts, and is the chief source of municipal misrule, which is the principal ])eril of free institutions. Licen.se apparently brings a revenue to the state, and so intrenches the traffic behind the cu|)idity of short-sighted taxjiayers. It robs I'eter to pay I'aul, but it does not pay Paul. The expenses which the traffic brings upon the com- munity greatly exceed any i)rofit arising from licen.se fees. Hut this fact is overlooked by average voters. The money there appears to be in license is a temptation to the stati' and a chief source of the political power of the saloon. It is, nevertheless, the estimate of the best statisticians that for every dollar which the state gains by license of the liiiuor traffic, it loses $i8 by direct damages caused by that traffic. License does not for any length of time diminish the amount of sales of li<|uor, although for a while it may diminish the number of places in which lii[uor is sold. Hut the large establishments often own the small ones and foster the illegal trade of the latter. The gilded saloons want the low ilives ke[)t open to receive the refuse constituency of the former. When the drunkard becomes a noisy and loath- some sot, he is turned out of the upper into the lower grade of saloons. License gives the traffic legal, industrial, ])olitical and social respectability, and so increases the power of the saloon to tempt the respectable classes, and lowers and corrupts the PROHIBITION LEADERS 33 g from the ) make the results hy 1 economy, raffie, as the he lej^alized lit a match, match ill a res paupers, souls, and ator in this inciples. It mns it with witli slavery, th of Mason ment was to air's-hrcadth Its character government ;)ry has now If could not It treats the cense fee is line goveriv ross the line, ;se principles itself cannot temperance sentiment of the community at large. The city government of Omaha, under high license of the saloons, has sunk to so low a level that it now derives -. large revenue from arrangements nearly approaching the licensing of houses of unreportable infamy. Licen.se prohibits Prohibition, for it always provides for the continuance of the traffic. The revenue which the mis- led voter suffers the state to obtain from high licensci although it by no means covers the tlamages indicted by the traffic, and is collected from the victims of the .saloons and their families, operates as a golden bar to Prohibition. The higher the license fee, the higher and stronger is this bar. It is notorious that the policy of license is favored by politi- cians as a means of defeating Prohiliition. The Chicago Tribune very justly says: "High licen.se, reasonably and properly enforced, is the only barrier against Prohibition in the present temper of the people in almost every state of the Union." In January, 1889, the Omaha Bit .said: "The only effective way to block Prohibition is to enforce rigidly high license." License is generally approved by the li(]uor traffic it.self. License, so far as it produces apparently good results, owes its seeming success to its restrictive features. The Brooks law in Pennsylvania, for example, transferred the power to grant licenses in Philadelphia and Allegheny from corrupt political boards to the judges of reputable courts. The judges granted licenses much more cautiously than the politicians had done, and gave full force to the prohibitive elements of the law. License has been weighed in the scales of practical ex- perience for hundreds of years, and found wanting. The present power of the liquor traffic and the current intemper- ance of our time have grown up under it. Over against this indisputable fact is to be placed the fact which is ec|ually indisputable, that no license and Prohibition, whenever fairly weighed in the balances, have been most significantly approved by their practical results. License is condemned as wickedness by the chief Chris- tian denominations of our time. The celebrated declara- tion of the Methodist Church in its general conference of 1888 may now fairly be said to represent the opinion of the most enlightened and religiously earnest portions of Christ- endom at large, so that in citing it here we summarize scores of equivalent declarations from other religious bodies : "The liquor traffic can never be legalized without sin. License, high or low, is vicious in principle and powerless as a rem- edy." It is gross inconsistency for church members to vote for licen.se, and then exclude licensed rum-sellers from church membership.* If church members would act independently and vote outside the churches on this topic of the liquor traffic, as they do in the inside, there is no political party that they might 'Encyclopedia of Temperance and Prohibition. Funk and Wag- nails, 1891. Arlicl'j by Joseph Cook on License, See also the very able volume of E. J. Wheeler, entitled "Prohibition, the Principle, the Policy and the Parly." Funk Jt Wagnalls' Standard Library. not bring to terms. When the path to political preferment leads them through the gin-mills, free government is a farce, and its future is likely to be a tragedy. No political party in the United States can be permanently preserved in whisky. In spite of all hindrances, however. Prohibition has had great triumphs. After thirty-three years' trial of the Maine kiw, Nell l).)w's state placed the prohibitory principle in her constitution, and no political party would dare to propose to repeal it. Kansas, Iowa, Vermont, show the immense utility of Prohibition, and so does the history of its genuine reign in any other of the .several states that have been able, under party government, to adopt it even for a season. The huge province of Ontario, by a recent vote, called for Prohibition. rhirty-tlir'je states of the American Union have recog- nized the soundness of the principle of Prohibition by giving counties the right of local option in regard to the liquor traffic. The seed that the hand of Neal Dow has scattced at home and abroad springs up already in the vernal season of a better age to come. It struggles with a surly soil, indeed, and sqnietimes with fierce north winds and unsea.sonable frosts. It is trodden upon by the split hoofs of greed, fraud, ignorance and unnatural appetite. But the sun is its friend ; every shower from heaven drops upon it as a benediction ; and the harvi.st is as sure to be plenteous at last as the orb of advancing day is to continue on its course. Do you wish to help the poor ? Outlaw the liquor traffic, which adds one thousand millions annually to the wastes and burdens of the Republic. Do you wish to cut the tap-root of the cancer of political corruption in great cities ? Outlaw the liquor traflfic, which makes rumsellers at once our robbers and our rulers. As Neal Dow has said, " There is a new agency now coming rapidly to the front in this country. It is Woman's Suffrage. It has one cla.ss of opponents that will never say die - that is, unscrupulous politicians and prominent men of unsavory lives and smirched reputation, so many of whom now direct public affairs and determine public politics. Such people know very well that such as they will speedily drop out of the ranks as leaders of the country when women have the power, through the ballot-box, to say noT As a safe rallying-cry for electoral reform, I venture to suggest these words : No Sax, No Shirks, No Simpletons in Suffnige. By no simpletons, I mean the reading test. I would not take the ballot from any man who has it now, but I would follow the advice of Oeneral C.rant, and of many others of our great publicists, and proclaim by law that all who come into this country by birth or immigration after a certain date, to be .ninounced in advance, say 1900 or 1925, and have the privileges of our common schools, and do not learn to read and write, shall never vote until they do learn. By no shirks, I mean compulsory voting. Dudley Field, the greatest law reformer of our century, has earnestly advocated this measure. If a man has the right to vote and does not exercise it, and can give no decent e.xcuse, such as illness or necessary absence, fine him, and put the fine into the 34 PROHIHITION LEADERS educational fund. A bill proposinj; this measure came recently within six votes of passing the Massachusetts Senate. Similar legislation has been favorably discussed in the Legislatures of Maryland and New York, ("ompulsory voting was the rule in certain important cases in ancient Athens. It is now the law in some of the cantons of Switzerland. Absenteeism at the ])olls is an enormous peril in both national and local elections in the United SLUcs. When these two safeguards of the reading test and comjiul scry voting have lx;en secured, then it will be safe to say No sex in suffrage. I am authorizeil by several leading ailvocates of equal suffrage to .say that they are in favor of these pre- liminary safeguards. What lightning is to the oak, woman's ballot would l)e to the li(|uor traffic and its allied vices, and for one, I .say, dod send us that lightning ' Neal Dow has had among his contemporaries all the presidents of the United States exix'pt Washington ; nearly all the judges of the su|)renie (-ourt, and every ruler of Eurojie since William IIL and the Bourbons. His life has been parallel with those of Hismarck and Victor Hugo, John Bright and Gladstone, Lincoln, Phillips and (larrison, Sumner, Seward, (Irant, Sherman, I'ather Matthew, (;ougii, Beecher, Frances Willard, Lady Somerset and (leneral Booth. Who among them all has maintained greater consistency in the advocacy of humanitarian reform tiian he ? Who has exhibited greater courage or unselfishness, or indeed has had a cause to champion more commanding in importance at the present hour, or more vital in its relations to the future of humanity ? There is more need of man's emancipation from intemperance than there every was of the emanciiiation of certain states from political bondage, or of certain classes of the population from slavery. Mr. (iladstone maintains that the liquor traffic, becau.se of the continuity of its ravages, has done more mischief in the Anglo-Saxon world than war, pestilence and famine taken together. The liciuor traffic, no doubt, adds more to the wastes and burdens of English-speaking lands than slavery ever did. It has more money behind it than slavery ever had in this republic. Slavery never cau.sed a national loss of a thousand millions annually, nor occasioned the death of a hundred thousand citizens in any one year Ix-'fore the civil war. The majesty of the reform which Neal I )ow has led is to be measured by the magnitude of the mischiefs he has attacked in their stronghold. It is to be estimated also by the relation of these evils to a great variety of other injuri- ous growths of corruption in politics, industry, the home, and even the chutch. We may well .salute our hero as the circumnavigator of the whole globe of reform, for his |)rinciples, if carried out, touch all latitudes and longitudes of the foremo.st human interests. Total abstinence is a closed question in the high places of science. Athletics and life assurance teach total abstinence. Scientific temperance instruction in the schools of thirty-nine states is keyed up to the level of total absti- nence principles. All this forbids a compromise temperance programme in the .schools. And this forbids a compromi.se l)r()gramme in the churches. And the attitude of the schools and the churches will ultimately forbid a compromise tem- perance programme in |)olitics. Eor one I am profoundly convinced that only the Neal Dow programme in the temperance reform is fit to Ix.' the watciiword of the twentieth century. Only Neal Dow's jjrogramme will prevent the division anil misdirection of the temjierance forces. United in .suppoi. of Neal Dow's pro- gramme, the temperanc^e forces of the modern world, by the blessing of Heaven, would be certiin of educational, social, religious and political triumph. The Statue of Litwrty at the New York gates of the ocean and the Statue of I'aitb on the Plymouth shores are sisters. I never pass through New York harbor or visit Plymouth Rock without .seeming to hear the two statues c-onver.se with each other. The Statue of Liberty I always hear saying, in Webster's words: "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." And the Statue of I'aith replies: "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable, but these are j)ossible only to a people whose (iod is the Lord." And to-day I iiear both Liberty and I'aith uttering in unison words of Neal Dow, with which we shall agree and which, (Jod grant, t' j future may indorse : " We forbid the bans of rum, religion and politics. But, in the name of (Iod and humanity, we proclaim a union, holy and indissoluble, of affection, as well as of interest, between temperance, religion and politics, of every party and every sect." Rapt vigil keeping, day and night, In panoply of grace and might, Two stately sisters solemn stand And guard a great and goodly land ; Fair Faith, on Plymouth's sacred shore, Where Pilgrim ghosts float evermore ; Tall Lil)etty, where commerce waits The tides or vast Atlantic's gate. With velvet feet the years go by, And Liberty with torch on high, .Saith : " Give me freedom or I die." But Faith points upward with a sigh And answers : " Hallowed be His name, Who gives to every star its flame." " My torch illumines land and sea, I lead the sphere," saith I.il)erly. " Who lights your torch :; " fair Faith replies, " Your hand with mine lift to the skies. All torches lit from nether fire In Ood's deep breathing must expire ; No torch not lighted at the stars Can rule on land or ocean bars. Join hands with me, tall Liberty, And so shall we be one and free." The sisters join their fateful hands. Above the seas and severed lands. And woo the world to unity. And (■oelieved if there was a case of legalized wrong it was given for ouradmonition_ This <]uestion followed me incessantly. I turned back the pages of memory, searched faithfully the pages of sacred •This address has been delivered in almost every part of Canada, as well as the United .Slates. It w.is first given at the International Temperance Camp-niecling, Thousand Island Park. writ, and almost concluded there was not a case of legalized wrong in the Hible. I always loved the history of the noble Queen Esther, and was led to peruse again the interesting narrative. As I read, Haman loomed up in view, until he really over- shadowed my noble heroine, and actually presented an embodiment of the principle for which I had sought, a case of legalized wrong. As I sat in the solitude of my room, with the Hible open before me, and read the fearful details of Hainan's scheme, I exclaimed with devout gratitude, " Eureka, I have found it " at last. Now, let us for a little time inquire candidly into this matter. Haman is before us, the prototype of the litjuor-sellers of the present day ; and in.separabiy connected with his history is that of the illustrious Queen Esther, the first woman that ever went to a government to ask to have a wicked licen.se law repealed, or to claim home protection. Haman is introduced to us as the first man in the Persian court, next to the king. The royal mandate has gone forth, all heads are to bow as Haman passes by. The first point of analogy presents itself here. In every department of society, heads are bowing to the licjuor traffic. The wealthy brewer or distiller, with his matched team, liveried coachman and fine carriage, in which is seated his elegantly-dressed wife and daughter, drives down the street. Hats are touched and heads bowed in every direction. Politicians, with scarcely an exception, are most obse- ([uious to the traffic. Business men, too, often pay homage, regardless of principle ; and worst of all, the church itself sometimes bows its head. A wealthy wholesale dealer occupies a front pew, and his ominous frown sometimes causes the preacher to soften the truth, if not entirely suppress the woe denounced against those who give their neighbor drink. A golden coin or a crisp bank-note thrown upon the collection plate often covers a multitude of sins. But the church is getting its head more erect. A minister of the gospel in the county of Oxford, after preaching a faithful sermon, was followed to the vestry by one of his churchwardens, who, with a menacing gesture, exclaimed, " You will never get another dollar ofmy money for your support." The intrepid minister replied, "I would rather I a** !«*! „> !i \ 36 PROHIHITION MCADKRS ■lil- ll "fell saw wood for my living than to have your blood money." A Presbyterian minister in thi' rounty of r,anibton was assailed in a similar manner by one of his officials, who did not sell li(luor himself, but feared the falling off of those who engaged in the traffic. He said to his pastor, '• We did not hire you to lecture on temperance, but to preach the gosjjel." The response was, "(iod called me to jjreach His gospel, and He holds me responsible for proclaiming the whole truth. 1 shall obey Him rather than man." Hut to return to Hanian. There is one head that refuses to obey. The head of Mordecai is always straight up, not through wilfulness or obstinacy, but because there is neither mental nor moral worth in Haman to demand a bow, and Mordecai woulil submit to have his head severed from his body fjefore he would bow to such a man. < )h, for more such heads I It would not take many to save the country. Haman did not fail to observe this one ui)righi head. The record says he was filled with rage ; antl he seems to have had tremendous capacity for rage. Revenge on one man would not satisfy him ; he must strike a blow at the whole race to which the offender belonged. He first consulted his gods, that he might have sujiernatural help in the diabolical undertaking, and then committed himself to study out the most successful plot. I have often thought he took the night sea.son for his meditations. As he sits there alone, the difficulties involved loomed up before him. To take life under ordinary circum- .stances would be murder. It might cost him his own life. Hut Haman was well posted in legal lore. If there were any characters in those days corresi)onding to our modern lawyers, doubtless he had been a lawyer in the city of .Shushan. The thought is suggested to Haman's mind - get government authority todo it, and it would be a legitimate branch of business ; then the government will be partners in the business. Hut Hanian wishes to take the life of the whole Jewish nation, to which Mordecai belonged, and that would involve a falling off of the revenue. Haman is equal to this emergency. He jjrepares a ])atriotic address, with which to approach the king. " There is a certain ])eople scattered abroad over the king's provinces whose laws are diverse from the king's laws. Therefore, it is not for the king's profit to suffer them." Haman does not deign to give the Jews a name, although he knew their name as well as he knew his own. They are scattered abroad as though there was only one here and another there, when they were really an immense nation. " They do not keep the king's laws." Now, they were as loyal as any subjects the king had. He began with i)revarication and ended with falsfjhood. I need scarcely suggest that the li(iuor traffic is (irolific of more prevarication, falsehood and fierjury than all other causes[|combined. Haman no comes to the desired point. " Let it be written that they may be destroyed, and I will pay into the king's treasury ten thousand talents of silver." This was the provision to forestall the objection of the falling off of the revenue. Haman had made an estimate of what the Jews were paying. Perhaps he was the minister of finance, and knew the exact amount. The king accepted the pro|)osal ; he took the ring from his finger and gave it to Haman, saying, " ['he |)eo|)le are given to thee todo with them as seemeth good to thee, the silver also." Sir Leonard Tilley, our Minister of l'"inance, tells us that when Canada demands Prohibition the government is pre|)are(l to tlispense with the revenue. The United States treasury is ecjually |)repare(l to do without the silver of the traffic, according to their own statements. Now, let us look for a moment at this ring. It bore a seal, and a document, no matter how vile its character or how much blood fioweil through its intluence, if it bore the impress of that seal, was law throughout one hunilred and twenty-seven provinces, all the way from Kthiopia to Indi.a. Oh, the power of that ring! Thank (Iod, no person in the United States or (!anada possesses such a ring, neither the |)resident of the Re])ublic nor thegovernor-general of the l)>)minion, and yet thj ring has its counterpart in both countries. When the ele('tor goes to the ballot-box and marks that little mysterious paper he puts the ring on the finger of his fiivorite candidate and choo.ses him to legislate fi)r him during the term of office to which the candidate is assigned. In what relation does the elector st;ind to the one for whom he votes? Ju.st the same as the king did to Haman — accessory before the fact to whatever his substitute does during his term of office. Oh! that (iod would roll u|)on the heart of every elector the tremendous responsibility of the franchise. The vote is a trust that Ood has given ; its record is taken up in heaven, and Ood holds the electors of these countries responsible for their destiny. Haman can write what he pleases and seal it with the king's ring. When the liquor dealer receives or renews his license he has a blank indulgence to be filled up with as many broken hearts, desolate homes and lost souls as he can crowd in for a whole year ; and the slate has no more right to sell indulgences than the church. The letters or licenses are made out and stamped with the king's ring. .\nd this is what the scribe wrote at Haman's dictation : " To destroy, kill and to cause to perish all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, and take the spoil of them for a prey." This is a/ac simile of the liquor licenses of the present day. They kill, destroy and cause to perish in every conceiv- able way. One victim of the drink habit enters the licensed place of death, and (luafTs the soul poison. Maddened by the draught, he rushes out and plunges his knife into the heart of a friend, and expiates his crime ujion the gallows. One rushes into eternity by his own hand, by a pistol shot or rope. Another plunges into a watery grave; another, stupefied by drink, lies down upon the railway track, and is crushed by the wheels of the cars; another perishes in the snow-drift. The language of the tratTic is : "Anywhere, anywhere out of the world." AH done by special act of par- liament, (Iod holds the people responsible for the slaughter. i ■gij PROHIBITION LEADKRS 37 king acreptcd r and gave it thee to do ilso." lance, tells us ;overnmcnt is United States silver of the ;. It bore a ; eharacter or ce, if it bore one hundred 1 ICthiopia to Ilk ( lod, no IS such a ring, ternor-general X)unter|)art in he ballot-box ts the ring on ooses him to to which the the one for id to Haman ibstitute does jld roll upon sponsibility of its record is tors of these al it with the )r renews liis d up with as t souls as he has no more stamped with ibe wrote at luse to perish and women, is a fac simile ivery conceiv- the licensed riaddened by nife into the 1 the gallows, a pistol shot ive; another, track, and is rishes in the "Anywhere, ial act of par- he slaughter. Haman's license included aged men, little children and women. These innocent victims are by far the greater suf- ferers from the ii(iuor-seller's license. I saw it all combined in one fearful tragedy in a recent "isit to the town of Heterboro'. The lady by whom I was entertained called me to the window one morning, and pointing to a building with closed shutters she said, "I'hat was the home of Ryan, the wife murderer." She proceeded to detail the dreadful occurrence. Ryan was a respectable citizen of this town, only an occasional drinker; when sober, a kind husband and father. .\s his little daughter testified at the trial, " When pa was sober he was always so kind to me and mother." The lady continued : When he drank, he was a jierfect maniac. On the morning of the murder his father .said to his daughter-in-law, "We had better have James confined in the lock-up, I am afraid he will take someone's life." She rejjlied, " Kather, I cannot consent to that, our son has just gone lo college to prejjare for the ministry ; 1 would not for the world ever have it thrown up to him that his father was once a [)risoner." Hefore the sun went down that day that devoted wife and mother was in eternity, murdered by her husband ; and he was in a felon's cell, to be tried for his life. I read a letter written by Ryan in the penitentiary, addressed to (leorge A. ("o.\, Iwcj., then a resident of Peter- boro', now well known in Toronto, asking Mr. Cox to sell his hou.se and lot. He said: "(let all you can for them, as well as the furniture. (He specified a piano and other articles, showing that they had a well-furnished home.) Will you see that my poor children get the benefit of the sale?" Referring to his aged father, he said, "(lod forgive me for bringing down his grey hairs with sorrow to the grave. He is about to take my children to the Western States, and I hope he will take them so far that they will never hear of their wretched father." Then he spoke of his wife (here the letter was tear-stained). Said he, " She was the kindest woman that ever lived, she never gave me a cross word, nor even a frown ; and yet I so cruelly murdered her, and here I am in th ,looniy cell to spend my life." He concluded the letter with this reijue.st : "Mr. Cox, if you ever get a seat in p.irliament, vote this cursed traffic out of the country as soon as possible." This is the view of the traffic from the cell of the penitentiary and from the scaffold. Would to ( 'lod that such men as ( leorge A. Cox were our law-makers. " For when the righteous rule, the people rejoice ; but when the wicked are in ])ower, the nations mourn." Mr. Cox kindly lent me Ryan's letter for a time, and I used to read it to the audience when appealing for the sujjport of the Dunkin Hill. I believe it gained many votes for the measure. I enquired, " Where did Ryan ;T«'t his lii|U()r ?" She replied, " In one of our first hott A licensed, well-regulated place, as it is called." If licensed liquor did not nerve the robber's arm and whet the murderer's knife as effectively as unlicensed, then there might be some excuse for licensing. But as long as the effects are precisely the same let no one have a license to sell the drunkard's drink. Haman's (ilot is completed ; he and the king sit down to drink. Thi:i is a heart and home (juestion ; for both of these countries are occasionally guilty of the same outrage. The king and Haman too often sit down to drink at Ottawa, as well as at Washington, and both countries have reason to blush at the national delwuch. Kven the mournful |)rocession of a martyred president has been the scene of a tlrunken revel. Oh 1 that the day may speedily dawn on both of these countries, when the (|uestion asked by the elector, when his vote is solicited, will not be, " Wha' is your jjolitical creed ?" but, " Are you a total abstainer ? and will you vote to protect your country from its greatest enemy, the licjuor traffic ?" It is the most important ([uestion of the present day, away above and beyond any ])artisan issue ; one that will live in both countries when the names of Con.servative and Liberal will be forgotten in Canada, and the titles of Republican and Democrat will cease to exist in the United States. I have not the least doubt that Haman provided the li(luor for the banquet. For, with his shrewd knowledge of human nature, he knew that if the king's brain was kept clouded with alcohol he would not be likely to ask any troublesome (]uestions, and if he could be kept away from the beautiful (^)ueen Esther he might not find out that her life was involved. No doubt Haman rejoiced that his scheme was working admirably, for Esther had not seen the king for thirty days. Mordecai, who had been the guardian of Queen Esther before she was called to the court, was the king's gate-keeper. Deeply impressed with the peril of his people, he put on .sackcloth and ashes, and went down the street.s, uttering an exceeding great and bitter cry. (^ueen ICsther, looking from her latticed window, recognized her good old relative. She could not go out, as women can nowadays, to interview Mordecai. She accordingly sent her attendants to ascertain the trouble, and to convey raiment to Mordecai, that he might put away his sackcloth. Hut Mordecai was too much absorlx;d in the doom that was hanging over his people to listen to the friendly message from the Queen. Esther was not to l)e baffled ; she at once assumed her queenly prerogative and sent a commandment to know what it was, and why it was — two plain, pointed (jue.stions, just such as a woman knows how to put. And the answer must be a direct one. Mordecai sent her a copy of the license ; also the sum that Haman had paid for his license. When she read the former she would find that her own life was at stake ; and when she had read the sum that Haman had paid for the privilege she knew that he meant business. Mordecai also sent a reiiuest that she should go to the king and ask for the lives of the people. Humanly speaking, there were two mountainous obsta- cles in the way. In the first place, there was an edict of that haughty monarch, that should anyone appro;irh him uninvited, unless he saw fit to extend the golden sceptre 3« PROHIBITION LEADKRS t - I ii.; : their li^e was the forfeiture. Secondly, Ksther had not seen the king for thirty days. All tiiis time he had been drinking with Hanian. She had reason to heUeve tliat she wouUl never see his face again. Her royal predecessor had lx.'en deposed from the throne and hanisbeil Ironi the kingdom at his cajirice. She sent to remind Mordecai of these circumstances. His reply was, " Think not that thou shalt escape in the king's house more than the rest. If thou boldest thy peace then will deliverance come from another quarter." Mordecai was strong in the belief that a deliverer would be raised up. <^ueen Esther saw her responsibility, and assumed it with no doubt as much fear and trembling as any modest, retiring woman ever went into the ( rusade. Her request to Mordecai was: " (lather all the Jews that are in Shushan (the original expresses that every man, woman and child must be brought together), and fast ye for me three days and three nights ; eat and drink nothing." Not even a cup of cold water was allowed to break the fast. It was to be a complete humbling of themselves before Ciod. Then she added : " I will go to the king, and if I perish, I perish." She was willing to die, if necessary, for her people. Would that that spirit might actuate the law- makers of both these countries, that they might l)e willing to lose their seats and be laid in their political graves, if such should be the ca.se, for passing a prohibitory law. The Jews fasted, and although the record does not .say they prayed, yet we know that when they fasted they did pray. Another strange omission in the book of Esther is that it does. not mention the name of (lod, and yet Ood is as legibly written in every chapter as in any other book in the Bible. The three days of fasting and prayer are passed. Esther puts on her royal apparel, and, I doubt not, she adjusts it with greater precaution than she had ever done before, and if there were any articles of clothing parti<-ularly pleasing tu ihe king they are no doubt selected ; although her dependence is in prayer, yet she does not neglect the externals. She approaches the king as he sits on his throne, no doubt with her heart going up to the throne of Cirace. As soon as the royal eyes rest upon her, the golden sceptre is extended, and the king intjuires: "What is thy recjuest?" Her answer is : " Let the king and Haman come to the banquet that I have prepared." Is it possible that she has invited Haman, knowing, as she, does, his wicked plot? What does the woman mean? Well, in the first place, like any other good wife, she selects company con- genial to her husband, and Haman was the king's favorite. She does not invite him as some ladies invite guests nowa- days, hoping he will not accept the invitation. She is no doubt anxious for his presence when she brings the accusa- tion against him, for she is one of the few who will not tell a story behind a person's back that she is not willing to say to his face. The guests are seated at the ban(]uct, and the king in- quires again, " Esther, what is thy retjuest ? It shall Ix; given thee, even to half of the kingdom." If Esther had Iwen an ambitious woman she might have secured half of the one hundred and twenty-seven provinces. Hut she has a higher aim in view. She hesitates, she does not falter. Her eye of faith i.< steadfastly fixed u|)on Him who has .said, "/ ivill guide thee with Mine eye." The Holy Spirit doubtless suggests, "Tile Jews are not humble.l enough yet. Another night of fasting and prayer." She re|)lied, " Will the king and Haman come to-morrow, and then shall 1 ])resent my reciuest." The king does not fly into a towering passion as he was accustomed to do when his reijuest was not comi)lied with. He goes out as meek as a lamb, for (lod's hand is upon him in answer to prayer. Haman returns home more [jrouil and arrogant than ever. On his way he passes Mordecai, whose head is as erect as ever; he would not bow that head to save it. The record says that Haman was filled with indignation. He calls his family together, he reminds them of his riches, of the high place he occu])i("s in the kingdom ; and as the crowning item informed them that he was the only one in- vited with the king to the ((ueen's ban(iuet. And to-morrow I am invited again. Hut see how little a thing it takes to make a wicked man unh:ippy. Says Haman, "All this pro- fiteth me nothing as long as MorJecai refuses to bow to me." Haman's wife responded, " Let a gallows be built fifty cubits high, and hang .Mordecai." What a suggestion to come from a woman ! Some people think women are angels; but she must have been a fallen angel, if an angel at all. The idea just suited Haman, and although it is the midnight hour he orders the gallows to be built at once. Hut a fresh difficulty is here presented. He could not exe- cute Mordecai under the old license, for the time had not yet arrived. To kill him now would absolutely be murder. Haman must have a new license of special permission. To illustrate : a young man goes into a saloon and calls for a glass of brandy. Should the lieiuor-seller draw a revolver and shoot him down, that would be murder in the first degree ; but if he gives him a glass of brandy, and the young man under its influence goes out and shoots himself, that is a legitimate branch of business. And yet the licjuor-seller is accessory before the fact to the death of that young man. Anocher difficulty presents it.self. Even Haman dare not approach the king uninvited. He goes as far as he dare, to the outer court, and there he stands, waiting for something to turn up. Hut what is gomg on in the royal bedchamber? The king has retired to rest as usual ; he cannot sleep ; (led is troubling his guilty heart. He does not c^ll for music as usual, although the best musicians of Persia are in an adjoining room, to allay by their sweet strains the evil spirits that were su[)posed to keep the king awake. He asks fcr someone to read for him, and, strange to say, he asks for the Chronicles of the Kingdom, '"he statute book of either the United States or Canada would be considered rather dull reading for the midnight hour. Hut (lod Himself is now guiding the matter. The people have humbled Bfl PROHIBITION I.KADKRS W lit' might have von provinces. atc's, she does etl upon Him " The Holy not liuml)le;l prayer." She )-morrow, and ion as he was omiilietl with, d i.s upon him :trri)gant than ie head is as save it. The ignation. He his riches, of ); and as the e only one in- md to-morrow ig it takes to "All this pro- to bow to me." I)e Iniilt fifty suggestion to { women are if an angel at 3Ugh it is the built at once, "ould not exc- tinie had not ly be murder, mission, oon and calls seller draw a nurder in the ndy, and the loots himself, ind yet the death of that themselves and done their |)art. I'he reader opened to the very place that pointed out the king's duty. His life had bjen saved by tiic interposition of Mordecai, just before ilLiman was promoted to the premiership, but Mordecai was left to watch the gate. Very much like the government of the present day, the l)est men seldom get the best offices. A minute of this transacti(m has been entered in the chronicles, and this w.is the first item read to the king. He interrupted the reader by asking, " What has been done to Mordecai." Josephus says the king laid his hane slaves." In the United States they swell the chorus : " My country, 'tis of thee, Sweet land of liberty, Of thee we sing." And yet, neither song is correct. The United States is not a land of liberty, and Hritons are slaves. Hut give us a prohibitory licjuor law, and the.se will be the grandest countries on the face of the globe. The king exclaims, " Who is he ? and where is he that durst jiresume in his heart to do so ? " Iwther (fixing her eye upon Haman, who stands there (|uivering like an aspen leaf) said, "The adversary and enemy is this wicked Haman." We understand now why she invited him to the banquet. The king now, for the first time, does something worthy of imitation. He might have ordered Haman's death on the s|)ot, for he had |)lotted a'ainst the queen's life,and was thus guilty of high treason. The record says the king went into the garden, doubtless to cool off and take time for reflec- tion. When he returns the attendants cover the head of Haman ; this is the signal that he has to die. There is a solemn pause ; the king seems unable to proceed. A strange, my.sterious ])ower is restmg down upon him ; it is the power of Ood in an.swer to jirayer. Someone breaks the silence by exclaiming, "There is a gallows out there fifty cubits high, which Haman has made for Mordecai." The king said, "Take him out and hang him on it." This is the strongest, .saddest point in the whole analogy. The Bible tells us that "he that diggeth a pit, shall fall therein himself." I would ask my hearers who have passed the meridian of life to call up the li(iuor-sellers they have known for the last thirty years, and see how many of them have escajied being drunkards and going into drunkards' graves. The late Rolard Burr, of Toronto, magistrate, said he had kept a record of one hundred li([uor-dealers' families in one street for fifty years. In the.se families there were two hundred and fourteen drunkards, forty-five widows, two hundred and thirty-five orphans, forty-four sudden deaths, thirteen suicides, four murders, three executions. Loss of property in real estate once owned by these families, $293,- 500. HAMAN HUNC. ON HIS OWN (lAI.I.OWS. May God have mercy on the liquor-sellers of the present day ! The late Horace Clreely said that liquor-selling was mur- der, and the money obtained from it the price of perdition. * The revenue of the two countries at that time, 1878. 40 PROHimriON I.KADERS M; ; L. Rev. John Wesley said, "Liciuor sellers are poisoners- general of his majesty's suhjects; that they drove them to hell as sheoi) to the slaughter; that there was lilood on their threshoh', >;!i their floor, and on their walls." He also said that money made hy li(iilorselling never went to the third generation. One or two more points of analogy; The ring was taken from Ilaman and put ujMin the fniger of Mordecai. There was change of government, and the city of Sluishan rejoiced- Hut ICsther approaches the king again, this tinie as deeply in earnest as on a former occasion. Vou ask, What ails the woman? liaman and his sons are executed, what can she possibly want more? The golden sceptre is extend d; let us listen to her rc^iuest. She says, " If it please the king, and I have found favor in his sight, let it be written to reverse the letters that Haman, the Jews' enemy, h.is deviseil." That edict stood upon the statute l)ook, and coulil l)e taken up and put into execution at any time ; and she knew there was no safety to her people until it was repealed. Queen I'^sther actually askeil for constitutional amendment. There is no safety for the homes in either country until the license laws are repealed. Had the king been like many of the crafty politicians of the present day, he might have dodged the (juestion by saying the country is not ripe for it. Hut his heart is right now, and his head devises the plan. The king said to Esther the (jueen and to Mordecai the Jew : Write ye also for the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king's name, and seal it with the king's ring. And they wrote that the Jews should stand for their lives, and destroy. slay and cause to perish all that would a.s.sault them, and to take the spoil of them for a prey. Then Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal app.irel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a garment of fme linen and purple ; and the (;ity of .Shush.in rejoiced and w.is glad. The Jews had light and ghulness, and joy and honor, just what will come to m.iny a desolate honu when the lii|Uor traffic is put down, and they set apart two whole days to celebr.tte the victory. We are working in both these countries for the |)assage of a prohibitory liipior law, and when the victory is won, let us have an international holiday ; beginning with July first, which is our Dominion holiday, and closing up with the fourth, whi( h is the United States Independence day. And we will take the two intervening days to celebrate the passage of the prohibitory law. This is the programme proposetl. The as.semblies shall meet at Ni;igara, where the two countries are tied together by the Suspension Bridge ; each country on its own soil ; the women of the W.C. T. U. to lead the van ; the United States women to plant the Stars and Stri|)es on their side of the river, and the Canadi.ins to erect the Union Jack on their side ; each party to have bunting enough to meet in the centre of the bridge, where the two fl.igs are to be tied together with white ribbjn ; the American eagle to poise on the top, while the British lion is crouched underneath ; the e.igle to see that no t'anadian whiskey crosses over to his domain, while the lion guards tiie Canadian shore from N'ankee rum. Thus we will have annexation, in spite of the politicians ; and the best reciprocity treaty that could be enacted. PROHIBITION — ITS CHIEF HINDRANCE. By Rev. W. A. Mackay, D. D., of WoodstcKk, Ontario THOSK who h.ivc taken the trouble to read the majority report of the Royal Commission on Prohibition ought to he fully convinced at L'.ist of one thing, viz. : that ()rohil)itionists need hope for nothing from the Conservative party as at present constituted in our I )ominion Parliament. And those who have read the reviews and criticisms of that report liy the Reform press will .see that there is practically just as little hope of obtaining Prohibition from the Reform party, ("ensure enough is heaped by the Liberal press ujOTH our Conserv.itive Ciovernment for the appointment of that Commission. This serves a party jjurpose. Hut I have yet to read in any prominent Liberal newspaper the first emphatic expression of disapproval of the views enunciated by the anti-prohibition report. Why this indifference, if not positive, hostility on the |)art of both the great political parties, to what The Globe once declared the " paramount issue" in Canadian politics ? Is our cause not morally a good one ? Kew outside those immedi.itely inter- ested in the liijuor business will answer in the negative. Again, is our cause not a popular one ? \je\ the immense majorities given to the Scott Act answer. Let the plebiscite, with its m.ijority of eighty-two thou.sand in Ontario alone, answer. Let the resolutions of our churches and the demands of our temperance organizations answer, do through the land, question the intelligent electors not selfishly interested, and probably three out of every four will say that he is opposed to the liquor traffic, and would like to see its utter destruction. In view of these things, we ask again why the present iittitude of both our political parties towards Prohibition ? The answer is most important. It will indicate a serious defect in past methods, and the absolute necessity for a change in our mode of warfare, if 2ver we are to succeed in removing the sanction of law from this horrible business. Here, then, is my answer to the above question. The unsympathetic attitude of the two great political parties owards Prohibition is to be traced, not to moral obli(iuity on the part of our legislators, nor to any lack of desire for this reform on the part of the people, but to the dense ignorance of the great majority of the electors how to proceed in order to secure the law they desire. The people want Prohibition, but they are in bondage to party, and cannot understand how a good law will not be obtained through the jiarty they love so dearly and serve so unhesi- tatingly. And so when an election comes round Prohibition is ignored and the vote is cast for the party ~ Crit or Tory •as the c.i.se may be. The result is, not that licjuor candidates are always chosen, but that candidates are always elected by the combined votes of tem[)erance electors and licjuor electors. The candidate so cho.sen will, Ijeyond all peradventure, do the l)est he can to retain the good will of those who elected him. The first law of a politician is self-preservation. Hut observe, li(|uor men helped to elect him. Hence he is not going to commit political suicide by alienating that class of his supporters. The li(|uor vote may l)e a minority one, it may be very small indeeil, but still he is ,xs dependent upon that minority vote as upon the m.ijority one, for if he loses it he loses his political existence. What will he do under these <'ircumstances ? Just precisely what we see our legislators to-day doing, and what they will continue doing for all time, until the conditions of their elections are changed. They compromise between the prohibitionists and anti-pro- hibitionists. They do for e.ich section of their followers all they can without alienating the other section. Such action leads to license, more or Ic'ss restrictive, just as the power of prohibitionists or of anti-prohibitionists prevails. But such action forever precludes Prohibition. Let there Ix: no mistake here. Prohibition is not a compromise, and it will never be enacted by a government depending in whole or in part for its existence upon the votes and influence of licjuor men. We will never get Prohibition by forming an alliance with liquor .sellers. This is not the way in which reforms are .•ichieved. What then must we do ? We must change the condi- tions upon which men are elected to parliament. Instead of voting for a candidate simply because he belongs to a certain political party, we must, in the exercise of a Chris- tian manhood, assert our freedom from party bondage, and let it be clearly known that no candidate, (irit or 'lory, will receive our vote who does not so declare himself upon the (|uestion of Prohibition as to alienate the liquor vote. In other words, we must make Prohibition an issue in every election. The candidate elected on this condition will be I i! 4« I'ROHIHITION LEADERS [III i Mi I II- f under no temptation to comproniise with the li(iu()r traffic. Every principle, not only of honor, hut of self interest, will constrain him loyally to rejjresent those who elected him. When elected hy I'rohiliitionists alone he will legislate for them. 'I'here will Ik,- no more running with the hare and hunting with the hound as at present. .Ml history shows us that the only way to obtain a great reform is for the friends of that reform to stand shoulder to shoulder, and make the reform an issue in the election. We might illustrate this by the repeal of the "Corn I;irty." Now, why the grand success of the I'atrons, and the igno- minious failure of Prohibitionists? .Simply Ixicause Patrons have carried their convictions to the polling booth, while the tem|)erance men have left their convictions at the prayer-meet- ing, and voted just as li<|uor men voted. Patrons have defied the old party l)os.ses, while temperance men have l)een as sul)- servient to these Ijosses as an old cart-horse to the gee or haw of its driver. It is enough to make one sick at heart to see pious laymen bound, hand and foot, to a political party ; and worse still to hear godly ministers hurrahing, at the close of an elfiction day, for a candidate elected by whisky votes. Here is a conversation between a Presbyterian minister and a tavern-kee|)er. The minister was a good temperance man, as the term goes, but always voted party regardless of tem- perance. On a certain Sabbath the clergyman denounced the liquor-seller and his business. The next day they met, when the following conversation occurred : Tavern-keeix;r "I hear that you gave me a drubbing in your sermon yesterday ?" Party-clergyman " Yes, sir ; I said some pretty hard things, but they were true." Tavern-keeper " Did not you and I vote at the last municipal election in this town, and vote for the same councillors ?" Party-clergyman — " Yes, that's true." Tavern-keeper — " Were not these councillors elected, and did they not refuse to curtail the numlx;r of licenses ?'* Party-clergyman — " Yes, I must admit that." Tavern-keeper " Did not we support the same can- didate for the legislature, and don't they leave the law on the statute book which authorizes the granting of licenses?' Party clergyman " Yes, that is true, but " Tavern-keeper "Never mind buts. You support a party which approves of, or at least does not repeal, the Liw which legalizes the li(|Uor-selling business. You vote for candidates with me who take my money, and grant me a license to sell. You then abuse me and my business. I think you are a hypocrite, (iood-bye." And was not the li(|U()r-seller logically right ? Could inconsistency go further than for a man to say, " I am a Christian ; Cod has saved me in order that I may save others," and then go arm-in-arm with the rum-seller and vote for that which he knows is destroying the bodies and ruining the souls of his fellow-men ; that which, in the judg- ment of the premier of our province, produces " three- fourths of all the crime, lunacy, idiocy, jwverty and misery, in the community ? " Is it any wonder that there are so many respectable, moral, conscientious persons in our land who hold aloof from the church, regarding it as only a time-serving institution, its ministers as useless figure-heads, and its memljors as Pharisaical pretenders ? " Many," says Prof. Hruce, in his " Kingdom of Cod," page 144, " many, in fact, have left the church in order to In.- Christians." .My 1 my I but Cod will bring this matter up in a terrible reckoning one of these days. The church that has nothing to do with philanthropy, pauiK'rism, crime and intemperance is ready to die ; and the sooner it dies and is decently buried the better. If 1 have used strong language in this article I assure the reader it is not so strong as I feel. My hand trembles, my heart breaks, as I write about the desolations of strong drink, and the legalizing of the traffic by the votes of Christian men. Thank Cod, there are signs of awakening. O, for the baptism of tne Holy Chost, such as would arouse church members to a sen.se of the responsiliility of Christian citizenship. Then would our fair land speedily be delivered from bondage. "Christian man, with pitying thought, Use that ballot in your hind ! Here's the battle to be fought — Church of Christ, arise and stand ! Shield the million babies sleeping. Succor all the poor wives weeping. Break these chains that bind our brothers. Dry the tears of pale-faced mothers. Rise and crush this demon fell, Shut up all the gates of hell." B:H THE PROHIBITION LAW. Full Text of the North Dakota Prohibition Law, which went into Effect July 1st, 1890. Compiled by Chas. A. Pollock, Fargo, N. D. AN ACT TO I'KKSCRIHE PENALTIES KOR THE IINI.AWKI'I, MANUFACTURE, SALE AND KEEPINc; FOR SALE INTOXICATINt; LigUORS, AND TO REdlM.ATE THE SALE, BARTER AND GIVINO AWAY OK SUCH LIQUORS KOR MEDICAL, SCIENTIKIC AND MECHANICAL PURPOSES. BK it enacted by the Legislative .\ssembly of the St.Tte of North Dakota: Sec. I. Any person, association or corporation who shall, within this state, directly or indirectly, manufacture any spirituous, malt, vinous, fermented or other intoxicating licjuor, or shall import any of the same for sale or gift as a bever.ige, or shall keep for sale, or sell, or offer for sale or gift, barter or tr.ade, any of such intoxicating liquors, as a l)ever.age, shall for the first offense be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall In; fmed in any sun> not less than $200 nor more than $1,000, and be imprisoned in the county jail not less than ninety days nor more than one year ; and for the .second and every succes- sive offense shall be deemed guilty of felony, and l)e pun- ished by imprisonment in the state's prison for a period not exceeding two years and not less.than one year; provided, that registered pharmacists under the laws of this state may sell intoxicating liquors for medicinal, mechanical, scientific, and wine for sacramental pur[)oses, as hereinafter provided. Sec. 2. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to sell or barter, for medicinal, .scientific or mechanical purposes, any malt, vinous, spirituous, fermented or other intoxicating licjuors, without first having procured a druggist permit therefor from the county judge of the county wherein such druggist may be doing business at the time ; and such county judge is hereby authorized, in his discretion, to grant a druggist permit for the period of one year, to any person of good moral character, who is a registered pharmacist under the laws of this state, and lawfully and in good faith engaged in the business of a druggist in his county, and who, in his judgment, can be entrusted with the responsibility of selUng such licjuors for the purposes aforesaid in the manner hereinafter provided. In order to obtain a druggist permit under this act, the applicant shall file in the office of the county judge of the county wherein he is doing business, not less than thirty days prior to the hearing thereof, a petition signed by the applicant and twenty-five reputable freeholders having the ([ualifications of electors of the town, village, township or ward of any city, and twenty-five reputable wome.i over 21 years of age who are residents of the town, vilLige, township, or city, wherein such business is located, setting forth : first, the town, village, city or iownship and particular pl.ice therein where such business is located, and that the applicant is [a] person of good moral character, and does not use intoxicating liiiuor as a beverage, and can be entrusted with the responsibility of selling- the .same ; second, that said applicant is a pharmacist as aforesaid, and is l.iw- fully and in good faith engaged personally in the business of a druggist as the proprietor thereof at the pL".ce designated in the petition, and well versed in the profession : third, that said applicant has, in his said business, exclusive of intoxi- cating li(]uors and fixtures, a .stock of drugs, if in any city, of the value of at least one thousand dollars, and if elsewhere, of the value of at least five hundred dollars. Before any such petition shall be heard, or any permit issued to such applicant, he shall publish, for at least thiity days next prior thereto, a notice in some newspaper in the town, village, township or city, where such business is located, or if none be published therein, then in some paper of general circula- tion in the county, stating the time and place set by such judge for the hearing of such petition. The applicant shi.ll be required to prove the truthfulness of each and every statement contained in such petition, and the state's attorney of such county shall, and any other citizen of the county may, appear and cross-examine the witnesses of the applicant, and may introduce evidence in rebuttal of the evidence offered by the applicant. If satisfied that the signatures to such petition were signed by such persons, and that such petitioners are freeholders or citizens of such town, village, township, city or ward, as above expressed, and that the 44 PROHIBITION LEADKRS li^ mi I ! \i i statements in such petition are true, the county judge may, in his discretion, grant a permit to the applicant to sell intoxicating li(iuors for medical, mechanical and scientific purposes only ; ind such permit shall he rei'orded U|)()n the journal of the county cmnt, and a certified co[)y thereof shall l)e posted in a conspicuous place in the store wherein said business is carried on hefore it shall he of any validity. Before such |)erniit shall he of any validity, such druggist shall file with the county judge, to he approved hy him, a good and sufficient hond to the state of North I )akota in the sum of one thousand dollars, conditioned that such applicant and any one in his employ will neither use, sell, Iwrter or give away, any intoxicating li(|uors in violation of the law, and on violation of the provisions of said hond the same shall thereby become forfeited ; and the lonviction of such ])harmacist or any one i' is emjjloy shall he deemed />/-//«(7 facie evidence of such )lation. Any ap|)licant or any citizen feeling himself aggiieved by the decision of the county judge may, within ten days thereafter, upon filing a hond made payable to the state of North I )akota, in the sum of $50, to be approved by the county judge, conditionetl that he will prosecute the same to a speedy determination, and pay the costs occasioned hy such appeal if the order of the county judge shall be sustained, prosecu'j the cause upon appeal to the district court. The ])rocedure in any case taken on appeal to the district court from the order of the county judge shall Ik." as prescribed hy article 2 of chapter 12 of the probate code of the compiled laws of Dakota of 1887, so far as applicable, and a case or bill of exceptions may be made, signed and certified hy the county judge. If the district court shall find that the county juilge has abused his di.scretion, it shall have power to cause the county judge to comply with its judgment, otherwise the order of the county judge shall be hy the district court aftirmetl. No appeal shall Ix; allowed from the order "f the district court. If the order of the county judge shall 1: reversed, the costs •shall Ix.' paid hy the county. If at any time there shall he filed with the county judge a petition stating that any druggist, naming him, who has a permit to .sell intoxicating li(luors, is not in good faith conforminj! to the provisions of this act, verified by the affidavit of at least one of the petitioners hereinafter named, and signed by twenty-five reputable men and twenty-five reputable women, all of whom reside in the town, village, townshi]), city or ward in which the business of said druggist is carried on, requesting that the permit of such druggist he cancelled, the county judge shall immediately issue an order citing such druggist to appear hefore him on a day named, not more than ten days from the issuing of such order, at which time the (|ue.stion of the can<:ellation of such permit shall be considered. Such examination shall be conducted in the same manner in all respects as is herein provided for the hearing of the original petition for granting such permit, and such county judge shall, if there are rea- sonable grounds for believing such druggist is not In good faith carrying out all the provisions of this act, cancel such permit. An appeal may be had from the decision of such county judge to the district court as herein provided foi appeals from theap|)'ication for a [wrmit ; provided, the per mit of such druggist shall he inoperative till such appeal is finally ilecided. If any county judge shall issue a permit to any |>erson not registered as a pharmacist, or shall know- ingly grant the .same to a [)erson in tlv habit of l)ecoming intoxicated, or not in good faith engaged in the business of a druggist as (>roprit. I' ir thereof, he shall be deinneil guilty of a misdemeanor, and ujjon conviction shall bt: punished by a fine of not less than $500 nor more than $1,000; and if any person shall sign the |)etition, as jirovided herein, of any apjilicant known by such person to be in the habit of be- coming intoxicated, or not in good faith eng.iged in the busitiess of a druggist, he shall be di emed guilty of a misde- meanor, and upon conviction shall be jiunished by a fine of not less than $50 nor more than $100. Before the petition of a druggist for a ()ermit to sell intoxicating licpiors shall be heard hy the county juilge the applicant shall pay a fee of $5 to the county judge, who shall [)ay the same into the county treasury on or before the firs^t tlay of the following month for the benefit of the general revenue fund. Si.'.c. 3. .Any jjhysician who is lawfully and regularly engaged in the ])ractice of his profession as a business, and who, in case of actual need, shall deem any intoxicating liijuors necessary for the health of his ;j;itients, may give such patient a written or |)rinted prescription therefor, stat- ing in said prescription the parti( ular disea.se for which it is given, or may administer the same himself; but no such prescription shall be given, or li(|uors administered, except in cases of actual need, and where in his judgment the use of intoxicating li(|uors is necessary. And every physician who shall give such |)re.scription or administer such liijuors in violation of this act, and every physician who .shall give to or write for any person a prescription for intoxicating li(|uors for the purpose of enabling or .assisting any person to evade any of the provisions of ti.is act, or for the purpose of enabling or assisting any [)erson to obtain any intoxicat- ing liquors for u.se as a beverage, or to Ik.' sold or disposed of in any manner, in violation of the jirovisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon convic- tion thereof shall he punished by a fine of not le.ss than $300 nor more than $800 and by im|)risoimient in the county jail not less than thirty days nor more than six months. Skc. 4. Any druggist having a permit to sell intoxiciit- ing li(|uors under the provisions of this act may sell the same only by himself in person, or by clerk who is a registered pharmacist or assistant jiharmacist under the I'v.h' of the state, for medical purposes only, upon the primed or written affidavit of the applicant, setting forth the |)articular medic:al |)urposes for which such licpior is reciuired, the kind and (piality |(|uantity) desired ; that it is necessary and actually needed for the particular |)ur[)ose by the patient to l)e named ; and that it is not intended for a beverage, nor to sell or give away ; that the applicant is over 21 years of age ; which affidavits shall he in the following form and subscribed by the applicant, in ink : [-'( I If'!' I'ROHIIHTION LKADKRS 45 jviiled foi d, the per I appeal is piTiiiit to lall know- l)c'C()niing msini'ss ot iiR'il guilty punished >oo ; and it ein, of any d)it of l)e- j;ed in the [)f a misde- )y a fine of le petition jrs shall he y a fee of le into the J following i. (1 regularly isiness, and intoxicating s, may give lerefor, stat- ■ which it is ut no suc:h •reil, except L'nt the use y |)liysician iuch liipiors lo shall give intoxicating any person the purpose ly inloxicat- )r disposed of this act, poll convic- than $,500 llie county nonths. No. "■} Date Stile of North Dakota, County of . . . . I, the undersigned, do solemnly swear that my real name is , that I reside at County, State of that ol is necessary and actually needed hy to be used as a medicine for the disease of ; that it is not intended as a beverage, nor to sell, nor to give away, and that I am over 21 yea:s of age. I therefore nuke application to , druggist, for said li(|Uor. Applicant. Subscribed in my presence and sworn to before mc this day of ,18 , I'harmacist. .'\nd such druggist may sell intoxicating liquors for mechanical, scientific, and wine tor sacramental purposes only upon the written or jirinted affidavit of the apjilicant, setting forth the particular purjiose for which said liquor is required, the kind and quantity desired ; that it is not intended to he used as a beverage, nor to sell, nor to give away, and that it is intended, only for his own use, and that the ajjplicant is over 21 years of age. Such affidavit shall he in the following form and subscribed by the applicant, in ink : No. Date ^ State of North Dakota,! > S8. County of j I, the undersigned, do solemnly swear that my real name is , that I reside at C'ounty, State of , that of is recjuired by myself to lie used for purposes, to be used for , that it is not intended for a beverage, nor lo sell, nor to give away, and that I am over 21 years of age. I therefore make application to , druggist, for said liquor. , Applicant. Subscril)ed in my presence and sworn to before me this day of , i8 . ... , Pharmacist. ,'\nd there shall be but one sale and one delivery on any one attidavit, but no druggist siiall i)eriiiit tlie dritiking on his premises, nor in any apartment connected therewith, and under his control, any of the intoxicating liquors purchased by affidavit or otherwise ; provided, such druggist shall be ])ermitted to sell any of the liquors mentioned herein, in (|uantities not less than one gallon, to any other druggist within the state holding a (lerniit, as |)rovided in this act. The artidavits provided for in this section ^hall be made before the pharmacist or a.ssistant pharmacist making sale of such li(|uors, upon proper jirinted blanks, which it is hereby made the duty of the county auditor of the county in' which such sales are made to furnish to such druggist at a cost e(pial to the actual and necessary outlay made tiierefor by him. Such blanks shall lie in series of one hundred each, numbered from one to one hundred consecutively, and bound in book form, each series iK-ing of uniform style throughout, except that no two blanks of the same series shall lie of the same number. It shall lie the duty of the <()unty auditor to endorse each such book with the date of delivery and to whotii made, to sign such endorsement and attest to the same with his official seal, and to keep two exact printed copies, except as to numbers, of the blanks of each series, ime of which shall be filed in his office, and one in the office of the county judge ; he shall also keep a record of the series, and of the number of each series, of sueh iilanks furnished to each druggist, and shall, within ten days after the same are delivered to such druggist, file a copy thereof, together with a copy of the blank affidavits, in the office of the county judge of his county. For such services the county auditor shall be entitled to a fee of twenty-five cents f(e nr-^perty seized by the officer as aforesaid to be publicly destroyed ; provided, said court shall also find and adjudge such property was being used by the defendant at the time of such search and seizure for the purpose of unlawfully selling or bartering into.'iicating liquors. Si'X'. II. Officers shall receive the same fees and mile- age for serving subpcBnas issued by state's attorneys and justices of the peace under the provisions of this act, as provided in criminal cases, and witnessses shall receive the same fees for attendance as provided for witnesses in cases before the justices of the peace. Such fees shall be certified to the board of county commissioners by the state's attorney or justice of the peace, and paid by the county as witness 1*5^ 48 PROHIIHTION LEADERS 11 < !l!l^ ! f-- '\ '• - ... :... ■ n If fees for attendance before a grand jury. All witnesses shall attend upon the state's attorney or justice of the peace in pursuance to his suhpcena, without the payment of any fees in ailvancu. For every conviclion under this act there shall be allowed an attorney's fee of $io upon each count upon which the defendant shall be convicted, and the same shall be taxed as costs in the case, to be paid into the county treasury as hereinafter provided. If any prosecution, begun by the state's attorney, the attorney-general or his a.ssi.stants, or by a citizen, with the written consent or approval of the state's attorney or attorney-general, under the provisions of this act, shall fail, the costs of such prosecution, unless otherwise sf)ecified herein, shall lie paid by the county in which such prosecution or action was begun. Skc. 12. It shall be the duty of the state's attorney to diligently prosecute any and all persons violating any of the provisions of this act, in their respettive cnunti^.s, and to bring suit ui)on all i)onds of recognizances forfeited, imme- diately after the happening of such forfeitures, to recover the penalty, and to pay all money so collected, as herein provided, into the treasury of .said county, and take the receipt of the treasurer therefor ; it shall be the duty of said treasurer to credit said money temporarily to a sj)ecial fund, to be designated as the liquor prosecution fund, to be disposed of as here [in] after provided. Said state's attorney is hereby empowere punished by imprisonment in the state's prison for a period not exceeding two years and not less than one in the discretion of the court or judge thereof. In case judgment is rendered in favor of the pLiintiff in any action brought under the provisions of this section, the court or judge rendering the .same shall al.so render judgment for a reasonable attorney's fee in such action in favor of the plain- tiff and against the defendants therein ; which attorney's fee shall be taxed and collected as other costs therein, and when collected paid to the attorney or attorneys of ihe plaintiff therein ; provided, if such attorney be the state's attorney, such attorney's fee shall be paid into the county treasiTy,as in sec- tion 12 of this act provided. In contem()t proceedings arising o'.it of the violation of any injunction granted under tb'; pro- visions of this act, the court, or in vacation the judge tf.ereof, shall have the power U) try summarily and puri: h the party or parties guilty, as re(}uia-d by law. l'roces.ses snail run in the name of the State of North Dakota. The afl[idavits upon which the attachment for contempt issues shall make a prima facie case for the state. The accu«'d may plead in the same manner as to an indictment, in so u ■ as the same is applicable. Evidence may be oral in the form of affidavits, or both ; the defendant may be re(iuired to make answer to interrogator' s, either written or oral, as in the discretion of the coi t or judge may seem proper; the defendant shall not necessarily be discharged upon his denial of the facts stated in the moving papers ; the clerk of the court shall upon the application of either party i.ssue subpcKnas for witnesses, and, except as above set forth, the practice in such contempt proceedings shall conform as nearly as may be to that adopted by the nineteenth rule of the supreme court of the United States for proceedings in ecjuity in the circuit courts. Skc. 14. Every person who shall, by the sale, barter or gift of intoxicating liquors, cause the intoxication of any other person or persons shall be liable for and compelled to pay a reasonable compensation to any person who may take charge of and provide for such intoxicated person, and $5 a day in addition thereto for every day such intoxicated per- son shall be kept in consequence of such intoxication, to be recovered by civil action in any court having jurisdiction. Skc. 15. Every wife, child, parent, guardian or employer or other person who shall be injured in person or property or means of support by an intoxicated person or in conse- quence of intoxication, habitual or otherwise, of any person, such wife, child, parent or guardian, or employer, shall have a right of action, in his or her own name, against any person who shall by selling, bartering, or giving away intoxicating li(|uors, have caused the intoxication of such person, for all damages actually sustained, as well as for exemplary damages ; and a married woman shall have the right to bring suits, prosecute and control the same, and the amount recovered, the same as if unmarried ; and all damages recovered by a minor under this act shall be paid either to minor or his or her parent, guardian, or next friend, as the court shall direct ; and all suits for damages under this act J! 50 PROHIBITION LKADKRS m )\U shall l)c by civil action in any of the courts of this state having jurisdiction thereof. Sec. 1 6. livery person who shall, directly or indirectly, keep or maintain, liy himself or by associating or comliining with others, or who shall in any manner aid, assist or ab-'t i;i keeping or miintaining any club-room, or other place in which any intoxicating liijuor is received or kept for the pur- pose of use, gift, Ixirter or sale as a Ix-verage.or for distribution or division among the members of any club or association by any means whatever ; and every person who shall use, barter, .sell or give away, or assist or atx-'t another in bartering, selling, or giving a'vay any intoxii-ating liipiors so received or kept, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall for the first olTen.se be punished by a fine of not less than $300 nor more than $1,000, and by ini[)ris(>nment in the county jail not less than ninety days nor more than one year, and for every successive offense Ik; punished by imprisonment in the state's prison for a [leriod not to exceed two years and not less than one. Skc. 17. The giving away of intoxicating licpiors or any shift or device to evade the provisions of this act, shall l)e deemed an imlawful selling within the provisions of this act. Skc. 18. All fines and costs assessed against any person or i)ersons for any violaticm of this act shall be a lien upon the real estate of such ])erson or persons until paid ; and in case any person or persons shall let or lea.se any building or premises, or shall |)ermit the same to be used and occupied for the sale of intoxicating li(iuor, contrary to the ))rovisions of this act, the premises so leased and occupied shall be subject to a lien for and may be sokl to pay all fines and costs asses.sed against any such occujiant for any violation of this act ; and such lien may l)e enforced by civil action in any court having jurisdiction ; provided, that the persons against whom such fines and costs are assessed shall be committed to the county jail until such fines and costs are I)aid ; provided, that no imprisonment for non-payment of fine and costs shall exceed the |)eriod of six months. Sec. 19. Whenever application is made to the county judge for a permit to sell intoxicating liquors under the provisions of this act, he shall notify the state's attorney thereof, and thereupon such state's attorney shall appear and advise with said county judge with reference to the issuing of said permit an'' the ap])roval of the bond. No |)erson who shall inf .. of offenses under this act, or make complaint thereof, shall be liable for the costs incurred in such prosecution, unless the court or jury trying the ca.se shall find and determine that such prosecution was malicious and without probable cause. Sec. 20. Any citizen may employ an attorney to assist the state's attorney to perform his duties under this act, and such attorney shall be recognized by the state's attorney and the court as associate counsel in the proceedings, and no prosecution shall be dismissed over the objections of such associate counsel until the reasons of the state's attorney for such dismissal, together with the objections thereto of such associate counsel, shall have l)een filed in writing, argued by counsel and fully considered by the court. .Skc. 21. The court whosi; tluty it shall \>v to reiuler judgment in any action or proceeding growing oui of a violation uf this act, shall immediately, upon the conviction of the defendant, render judgment ; provided that for prudential reasons, and fi)r the ordinary (lurposcs of |)er- fecting an apiieal, judgment and sentence may be susjK'nded for a |)eriod not exceeding tliirty days, and then only upon the court or judge thereof entering in :\ public do ket to be ke|)t for that jjurpose, in his own hand-writing, the cause of such suspension. Skc. 22. In pro.secutions under this act, by indicti cut or otherwise, it shall not be necessary to state the kind or (juantity of liipior sold, or kept for sale, and shall not be necessary to describe the place where sold, or kei)t for sale, except in prosecutions fijr keeping and maintaining a common nuisance, and in proceedings for enjoining the same, or where a lien is sought to Ix; established against the plaie where such li(iuors are illegally sold or kept for sale ; and it shall not l)e neces.sary in the first in.stance for the state to (irove that the party charged did not have a permit lo sell intoxicating li(|uors for the excepted purposes ; anil in any pro.secutions for the second or subsequent offense it shall not be requisite to set forth in the information, or affidavit or indictment the record of the former <-onviction, but it shall be sufficient briefly to allege such conviction ; and in all cases the person or persons to whom such intoxicating liipiors shall have been sold in violation of this act shall be competent witnesses to prove such fact, or any other fact tending thereto ; anil the members, share- holders or associates in any club or association shall be competent witnesses to prove any violation of the jirovisions of this act, or any fact tending thereto. In .actions or proceedings for the alwtement of nuisances, under this act, evidence of the general reputation of the place designated in the complaint shall be admissable for the purpose of proving the existence of such nuisance, and in all cases, other than those where intoxicating liquor is lawfully sold, by virtue of the provisions of this act, the fact that any person engaged in any kind of business has or keeps posted in or about his place of business a receipt or stamp showing payment of the special tax levied under the laws of the I'niteil Stales upon the business of selling ilistilled, malt or fermented li(|uor, or the holding of a license from the government of the United States in the name of any person, |x.'rsons or corporation to .sell intoxicat- ing licpior shall be held and deemed ])nma facie evidence against such person, persons or corporations that he, or they, or it, are keeping for sale and selling intoxicating li(|uors contrary to law. And upon trial of every indictment, information or contempt proceedings fi)r a violation of the provisions of this act, proof of the finding of intoxicating li(|uor in the possession of the accused, in any place excejit his private dwelling house or its dependencies, or in such I'ROHIHI riON LEADERS 5' dwelling house, if the same is a tavern, store, |)iil)lic eating- house, groeery, or other place of puhlic resort, or in unusual (juantities in the private dwelling-house or its ing him, is in the habit of becoming intoxicated, and shall forbid said druggist from selling, bartering or giving to such person any intoxicating li(iuors, it shall be unlawful for any such druggist, after such notice, to let such person have any intoxicating lie assured Thou shah have justice, more thp.n thou desirest." — Shakesftart. IN discussing the rights, duties, and the ol)ligations of man, the priinary laws of his being must lie taken into consideration. Man is a social animal. Society is neces.sary for his development. With man he becomes the dod man ; isolated he Ixjcomes the brute man. It is impossible to think of man out of society. It is wasting time to talk of man's entering society, liecause he was born in society, a part of society, and it is impossible for him to remain a man and exist outside of social influences. Ciovernment is made necessary by the fundamental laws of man's In-'ing. In society there must be an institution of justice, which shall determine the individual rights of the memt)ers of society in order that the weak may Ix." protected against the strong, avarice restrained, vice and crime prevented, and man elevated. If we could think of man as existing by himself we could think of him as a comparatively free and independent being — that is, free from all social restraint and law. Man in a country by himself can violate but one class of laws, God's laws ; ( lod's laws which control His own l)eing ; (lod's laws written in nature ; Cod's laws written in His revealed word. When we think of man following the dictates of his own nature and as a social being accepting the protection of society, profiting by the advantages which make him truly free, we must always think of man as an individual who.se rights ate limited by the rights of other individuals who have the same rights, duties, and obligations that he has himself. The priMleges of free schools, churches, colleges, and the right to acquire property, to have life and property protected, all take with them corresponding obligations and duties, and give government the right to say that in consideration of these social l)enefits the indivi dual shall so conduct himself and his l)usiness as not to interfere with the rights of others. (lovernment is an institution of justice which determines obligations and duties and punishes crime. It is a necessity growing out of man's nature, co-existent with man. Robbers defy all social law, but have among themselves an iron code. Pirates laugh at the authority of government, but their own leader is a despot. Sailors mutiny and kill their captain, but they must at once form a government, or they cannot navigate the ship. In western towns of the United States, beyond the limits of organized government, men have again and again organized a lynch court and called Judge Lynch to the l)ench to take the place of government. Oovernment being necessary for man's development, for iTian's protection, inust have powers commensurate with its duties. If it is to administer justice it must have power to protect the innocent and punish the guilty. It must Ix; the supreme power, or the force greater will l)e the government. It must have the power to protect itself if it is to protect other ••. Self-preservation is the first law of life. Self-defense is a good defense. Kvery individual has a right to defend himself from assault and injury. This defense must be conducted in accordance with the necessities of the ca.se. If it is necessary, the one assaulted is justified in taking the life of the assailant to protect his own life. This absolute right to life, inherent in every individual until he forfeits it to society, is inherent in the government until the government is repudiated by the people. In times of civil war tl. . government may draft soldiers from the ranks of its citizens ; whether they want to go or not does not prevent the government from acting. It is the judge of the P'cessities of \\\>t case, and if it deems their assistance neces.sary to save itself it may take ti^em i.om home, from wife and children, from business, dress them in uniform, strap the knapsack to their Iwcks, put the guns in their hands, and march them to the battlefield, to be shot to death to preserve its own lift . The right to life is absolute, yet the government may arrest the individual who has taken the life of another and aft.'r trial take his own life. I am 54 J'ROHIUI riON LKADKRS |IU i ! u f \ -I1 aware that some may urge anti I am of their opinion that the ri^ht of the governnicnt to take huninn life is governed hy the same rule that governs the right of an individual to defend himself, viz., the necessities of the ease. That there was a tinu' in the civili/ation of the world when government, without pri.sons and refortnatories to confine the vicious and erinunals, was justified in killing men, no one can douht ; hut that right is limited hy the necessities of the ca.se, and I doubt wlietiier government with its present civilization and prisons has a right to do what it is unnecessary to do. 'I'he right of the government to protect its life and the lives of the |)eople hy taking indi- vitlual life is the same right hy whicii society, aiting through the government, destroys trade to protect its life and remove obstacles which [irevent it from fulfilling its mission. Creat Britain, on the first day of January, 1808, entirely abolished the slave trade. In most civili/ed countries the trade of the gambler has l)een prohibited by government, and in the United States, after years of existence, the lottery trade was prohibiteil by most of the states for the same reason. (Jov- ernnient, when the trade is not wholly bad, regulates, restrains and legislates so as to destroy its bad tendencies and develop good results. It prevents children under a cer- tain age l)eing eni|)loye'>/>u/i suprrma tU /e.x." In Canada, today, the |H)wer of government is l)eing exerted to destroy a great trade. The men engaged in the trade make no defense of the trade as a social institution, but demand, in consideration of its destruction, the govern- ment shall <'ompensate them for the property which will be injured by prohibiting its criminal use. Hy prohibition of the alcoholic tratfic the government does not destroy prop- erty, or take private pro()erty for |)ublic use. It simply pre- vents private parties from using their projaTty to the injury of the public. In eaks of taking pro[K.'rty for puhlic use. He does not speak of preventing the injurious use of pro|H'rty. The American law given hy the sujireme court of the United States is : "The trade in alcoholic drinks being lawful, and the capital employed in it being duly protected by law, the legislature then steps in, and, by an enactment based on general reasons of public utility, annihilates tl".- traffic, destroys altogether the employ- ment, and reduces to a nominal value the property on hand ; even the keeping of that for the purpose of sale becomes a criminal offense, and without any change whatever in his own conduct or employment, the merchant of yesterday becomes the criminal of to-day, and the very building in which he lives and conducts the business which to that moment was lawful, beiomes the subject of legal proceed- ings, if the statute so declare, and liable to be proceeded against for forfeiture. A statute which can do this must be justified u|)on the highest reasons of public benefit, but whether satisfactory or not, the rea -ons address themselves exclusively to the legislative wLsdom." British governments have never recognized the principle stated by Judge Kent in its entirety, but have invariably exerci.sed their discretion in the matter of granting comiK.'n- sation, and in the tew cases where the courts have been asked to interfere the judges have unhesitatingly refused to dictate to parliament, but have confined themselves to interpreting the law as it stood. 3. Should parliament neglect to provide for compensa- tion, no injustice will be done, and the precedents in similar cases will be followed. There being no common law r>' con- stitutional right for the liquor dealers in grasp, they must come and present their claims for compensation before the prohibitoty act is passed, as by standing by and failing to claim they will waive any right they may now possess. While the power of parliament is supreme, it has always been a leading principle of its enactments that they should l)e to a large extent guided and controlled by ancient precedent, and many sensible and excellent princ iples which from their great value in directing the e.xercise of legislative power have accjuired almost the force of law. The principle laid down by Kent is among these, and ICnglish parliaments have always been careful to do full justice to the owners of property whenever they have been entitled to such. Knglish and Canadian statutes abounil in provisions for compensa- tion, IkLsed U|)on this very principle. It is not proposed, however, to apjiropriate these breweries, distilleries, ware- ho i-ii's, etc., for public purposes, but to entirely destroy their right to exist for the purpose of furnishing alcoholic drinks . s beverages. The |)enalty for violation, in all |)ro- babiliiy, will Ik- forfeiture and imprisonment. Parliament h.is fre(iucntly seen fit to enact that certain trades cease to Ik; prosecute|M>rt the contention that the liijuor- dealir-. liavc no just rights to coni|)ensatii)n. For it is Mtt.ca: 1. (lovernment never grants comiK-nsation for diminu- tion of the value of projierly hy the prohitiition of its injur- ious or wrongful use. 2. Where government grants com()ensation for propierty taken or destroyed, it never takes into consideration indirect damages. Though the Hritish government granted fman- cial aid to the owners of lilierated slaves, it wh;)lly ignored all indirect dam.ige done by emanci[)ation. Hut it may t>e advantageous for us to examine fully into the ei(uity of this particular case. It must l)e borne in mind that the retail trade exists by license granted annually, and the wholesale trade by suflerance. Under the Canada licenie system the common law right to sell li(|uor is destroyed l)y police regu- lation. In other words, no other individual can compel the granting of a license. A man in Toronto may build a fine hotel, comply with every reciuirement of the law, and still the commissioners have the right to refuse him license, and no action will lie tc com|)el them to issue a license. If they deem it wi they may issue a license, but it is for them to say w ho shall have a li<-en.se, and how many licenses shall be granted. The liien.se granted is for one year. .\t the end of the year there is no guarantee, either expressed or implied, that it will Ih^ renewed. A man lea.ses a farm for a year, and during the year buys farm machinery and sto<'k. At the end of the year the owner of the farm rjfuses to renew the lease. The property ])urchased by the lessor being useless to him, will depreciate in the forced sale, but the owner of the farm would not l)e responsible for the depreciation in value, because the man who leased the farm knew his lease was for but a single year. The lease or license given retail liciuor-dealers to set up their drunkard- factories in a city is an annual lease, and when their lease has expired for them to claim compensation for the tools with which they have been injuring the public, simply because they have iK-en prohibited from continuing to use the tools for that specific pur[X)se, is, to express it mildly, a preposterous claim. In examining the claim of the drunkard-makers the nde of the courts must be the rule of the people, vi/.: "A man who comes into court demanding eijuity must come with clean hands and a pure heart Ijefore tlod." The liquor business does not and cannot come with clean hands. The suppression of the li<|uor trade is cau.sed by its own crimes. When the licjuor trade was introduced into this country it was admitted on the same social, civil and religious Itasis as all trades. There was a time in the history of Canada when it was as religious to sell rum as it was to sell molasses, and I presume a m.'ijority of the |M-ople, if th«'y could only have had one of the two, would have taken the rimi. I think the fact is that they usually took them together. .\s late as 1813 a majority of all the distillers of America were members of the ( "hristian churcti. .\s late as 1H20 a nwjority of all the lii|Uor-sellers were menil)ers of the churches. As late as 1X35 the Kev. Cieorge B. Cheevers was arrested in the city of Salem, Mass., for liU-l, and sent to jail for daring to maintain, in that celebrated cartoon " I >eacon ( lilcs' Di.stillery," that the business of selling rum and |)eddling Kibles was not con- sistent with the professed Christian life of a deacon of the church. As four Iniys Inirn in the same family are given the siime o|)portunities to liecome honorable men, loved and res()ected by their fellows, so the dry goods trade, grocery trade, li(|uor tr.ide and the church were, at the organization of society on this continent, given the same chances to make honorable records and endear themselves to the |)eople. The road Ixifore the liiiuor trade was broad and the sky over its head bright. It was given every chance to endear itself to this (K'ople and make an honest record. Kvery- body was its friend, nolxnly w.ts its enemy. Licjuor was U: 'd at the raising, at the log-rolling, at the corn-husking, at the wedding, in social life everywhere and uniler all circumstances. With this start, what has the licjuor trade done for itself and for the society that nursed and protected it ? One day, while I was sitting in front of the Commercial Hotel, in the city of Lincoln, Nebraska, talking with a prominent liquor-dealer, a couple of little girls ran laughing by us. Touching me on the shouhler, he said, " Tho.se are my girls." I said, " Pretty girls." He said, " I think they are." After a moment's silence, he said, " I am going to go out of this li(|uor business pretty soon," and when I told him I was glad to hear it, and asked him for his reasons, he answered, "Not Ijecause I think it all bad, as you do, but becau.se ny girls will soon l)e women, anil when my girls grow up I want them to go in good society, and a whisky- seller's girls cannot go in good society in this city." He simply told the truth. The social rule which makes licjuor- sellcrs and their fiimilies social outcasts is the rule generally observed throughout the United States. Why is it? It was not always .so. Do you l)elieve that if the li(|uor business had made good men and happy women and children it would meet with any greater opposition to-day than the dry goods trade or the grocer's trade ? I )o you believe that if the li(iU()r-seller had matle his customer a lietter man, a kinder husband, a more loving father, society would treat him any differently than it treats the clergyman or merchant ? The Chri.stian church has lieen tried on this continent by its social, its civil and its business record. .\fter all these years of trial it never had a stronger hold on the hearts of intelligent people than it has to-day. The 'y goods trade has l)een tried, and after a record of a hundred years it is as respectable to sell dry goods now as then ? The grocer's trade has been tried, and has lost neither its 'il I'ROHIHITION I.KADKRS 57 character nor standing. 'I'hc li(|U()r trade has twcn tried, and is it an res[>ectal)le to sell lirjiior to-day as it was a hundred years ago ? Is it as res,)erlal»le to drink as it was a hundred years ngo ? Is it as rcs|x.'ctable to make lic|uor? If not, why not ? What is the matter with this villainous traffic? Vou know that from the day sn- nes-. is sin"! " Probability of drunkenness" can, by I'O possible legerdemain of metathesis, be put for "inebriety."' Hut we deny emphatically that Mr. ("obb's declarations on this branch of the discussion go to the merits of our move- ment for the prohibition of the liciuor traffic. They are al' de hors the issue. Hut Mr. Cobb proceeds to denounce Prohibition as " contrary to the spirit of Christian liberty and the right of private judgment." One must remember, however, that " Christian liberty" is a large term ; that it may have an intensely (Christian interpretation, or an interpretation intensely un-Christian. As understood and interpreted by the apostles this " Christian liberty" did not confer the right of private judgment in contradiction of the manifest will of (lod, the teachings of Christ and the 63 PROHIBITION I.KADERS [!■ - m\ orderly governance of the church. It was expressly against such assertions of "Christian lil)erty" and " private judgment" that St. I'aul wrote several of his most conspicuous epi.stles to the churches. What St. Paul and St. James understood to In.' "Christian lil)erty " has been cogently stated hy an eminent theologian, viz. : " The largest possible freedom to do what I ought, rather than full liljcrty to do what I plea.se.'' This is an acce|)table defuii- tion. It makes no sort of compromi.se with "private judgment. " St. i'aul says : " \'e have l)e.'n called unto lilK'rty ; only use not liberty for an occasion to the flesh, but by love serve one another. " St. James also writes : " If ye fulfill the royal law according to the Scripture, ' Thou shall love thy neighbor as thyself,' ye do well. ... So speak ye, and so do as they that shall be judged by the law of liberty." From these injunctions we gather that the law of love is the law of lil)erty, and that (Jhrist did not free us to our own opinions, but to the fellowship of His spirit. Surely neither Mr. Cobb nor any ilevout Christian freeman will contend that the spirit of Christ guides us into self- indulgence in strong drink, " wherein is e,xces.s," and " by which thy brother stumbles, or is ensnared, or is weakened." To do so, as St. Paul declares, is to " demolish the work of Ciod." Furthermore, in enumerating the obligations of the Christian freeman, St. Paul says ; " We, the strong, are bound to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to seek to please ourselves." Now, with such a radical variance as this between the doctrine set forth by St. Paul and that con- tended for by Mr. Cobb, is it at all strange that Christian men and Christian churches follow the former instead of the latter? Mr. Cobb thinks "the whole argument for Pro- hibition in moral phase is but the boldest legalism ; " but the mass of the Christian world think Mr. Cobb's doctrine the boldest treason to Christ. We have no fault to find with Mr. Cobb's portraiture of what ought to be the character of the Christian man. The spiritual man, the creation of Christ through the operations of His Holy Spirit, is not the man on whose l)ehalf Prohibi- tion laws are demanded and enacted. Mr. Cobb is guilty of the .same error which, in less reputable of the opponents of Prohibition, amounts to simple pettifogging with the question. No laws, divine or human, ecclesiastical or civil, are made against the spiritually strong and perfect. "The law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers, for whoremongers, for them that defile them- selves, for men-stealers, for liars, for [K'rjured persons, and if there be any oUier thing that is contrary to sound doctrine." (I. Timothy I., 9, 10.) (lovernments have already enacted so much of the moral code as the necessities of their civiliza- tion seemed to warrant, and have wrought moral precepts into statutory legislation only pari paau with general emer- gency. As to when our own governments, state and national, will recognize the existence of such an emergency, grow- ing out of the evils of the liquor traffic, is dependent upon the sentiments and expressions of their several constituen- cies. In some states the emergency has been declared and the Prohibitory statutes enacted. In others the delwte is on and the decision suspenelieve in " suasion," in all its forms, as the (juatrain puts it : " Moral suasion fur the man who drinks, Menial suasion for the man who thinks, I.e|;al suasion for the clrunkard-maker, Prison suasion for the statute-breaker !" ("ivilizcd man, in organized government for all its uses, including its value in moral concerns, has recognized all these forms, and we only stand by this universal concensus. Once more, it is worth while to remark that Mr. Cobb does not state a whole truth when he says " Christian temiierance is self-control." This definition would lie well in the mouth of an intemperate ascetic, or a monastic faster and self-flaggellator. Temperance is a principle of govern- ment and involves the use and disuse of things permitted and things prohibited. This is true as to both individuals and masses. "Christian temperance," writes a celebrated Christian teacher, " is moderation in all things that are harmless and total abstinence frtmi all things that are generally harmful." In line, therefore, the premises and arguments of Mr. C'obb being found insufficient to support his conclusions, the conclusion themselves demand no analysis or refutation. He simply leajis to them with the agility of the sophist and dwells upon them with the enthusiam of the ad hominem haranguer. He appeals to the prejudices of \'ulgus and not to the principles of Veritas. Ha|)pily the Christian world at large, the leaders of ( 'hristian thought, the most .strenuous of the followers of the ('hri.st-Ciospel, are not dismayed and paralyzed by the ghostly fears that beset Mr. (^obb. They do not fear that the church will lose her relationship to Christ by desiring and demanding the divorce of government from organized ungodliness. They see in the liquor traffic the great foe to men and the gospel, and they assert their right to fair treat- ment in the irrepressible conflict between the gospel and the saloon. They know that the government has no right to throw its influence, its legal ])owers and protection, in favor of the saloon. They insist that so long as it does so the government is it.self in opposition to ("hrist and His gosjK'l, and is the enemy of the people who gave the government its solidarity and authority for the general welfare. i THE HEREDITY OF ALCOHOL. By Norman Kerr, M. D., F. L. S. !!! ; THE most saddening, and perhaps the most serious, of the numerous evils inflicted by alcohol on humankind is tho hereditary transmission, both of the tlrink-crave itself, and of the pathological changes caused by indulgence in alcohol. Physical disease, induced by habitual inteni|K'rance, is often transmitted. Alcoholic phthisis, for example, is a disease freciuently imprinted on the constitution of the unborn babe {fcetus in utero.) Some very painful ca.ses of this hereditary infliction have recently come before me. Hereditary alcoholic rheumatism and hereditary alcoholic gout are constantly to be met with. I have had under my care a life-teetotaler, who has been repeatedly tormented by acute attacks of gout, though by his careful diet and mode of life he has disarmed the disease of half its terrors. He owes his besetting ailment to the alcoholic indulgence of his ancestors, and has inherited this legacy with the rest of the family property. In no other disease is the heredity of alcohol more marked. In Britain the proofs are every- where around us. Many other diseases produced by alcohol are the subject of transmission. Among the most characteristic are alcoholic cirrhosis, and alcoholic contracted kidney. In one painful case of the latter, under my own care, the patient had been a total abstainer for nearly forty years, but he inherited the contracted kidney from an intemperate father. The blood of the inebriate parent is so vitiated and his energies are so wasted that even when there is a sot)er mother the innocent prog'^ny are often brought into existence puny, stunted and debilitated. Body and brain having been insufficiently nourished, the vital powers of such infants are so defective t * in their earliest years they are literally mowed down. In the causation of the terrible infantile mortality which is such a disgrace to English civilization, the drinking habits of the parent or parents have the largest share. K\en when grown up to manhood, the constitutions of the ofTsjiring of intemperate parentage are fretjuently so enfeebled and impaired that they succumb to a premature death from their lack of recuperative power after the • exhaustion following some acute illness, which a tolerably vigorous system would have perfectly recovered from. Alcoholic nervous an I mental diseases are also h.anded down. Hereditary alec lolic e|)ilepsy, for example, is by no means uncommon. Defective nerve power, enfeebled will, and a debilitated wora/^, form a favorite legacy from thoughtless inebriates to their helpless issue. The nerves of the dipsomaniac are shattered, while the bodily strength is undermined, and thus the family are liable to be mentally afflicted. Some of the circle, generally the daughters, may be nervous and hysterical ; others, generally the sons, are apt to be feeble and eccentric, and to fall into insanity when any emergency calls for the display of unusual brain power. In one household, with a drunken father, two girls were hysterical, and the third was an imbecile ; of the sons, the eldest was an epileptic, the second died suddenly of alcoholic apoplexy, and the third was an idiot. In another family, burdened with the hereditary drink curse, the eldest daughter committed suicide, the second lost her rea.son and became quite demented, and the youngest was the incarnation of hysteria. The eldest son killed himself by poi.son through drink, and the younger is an apparently confirmed sot. Absence of intellect from infancy, or idiocy, not unsel- do 1 follows of necessity from parental excess in alcohol. Dr. Howe, in his well-known report on the state of idiocy in Massachusetts, states that the habits of one or both parents of 300 idiots having been learned, 145 of these children, or nearly one-half, were found to be the progeny of habitual drunkards. Dr. Howe gives the case of one drunk- ard who was the parent of seven idiots. Dr. A. Mitchell, in his evidence before the committee of the British House of Commons, said he was (|uile certain that the children of habitual drunkards were in larger |)roportion idiotic than other children; a b;.'lief shared in by M. Rousel, M. Taquet, Dr. Richardson, and a host of competent observers. At the recent meeting of the British Medical Association at Cam- bridge, 1 )r. I'letcher Beach, medical su|)erintendent of the Darenth asylum, reported that an analysis of 430 cases under his own care showed 31.6 per cent, of idiotic children to be the offsjiring of intemperate parents. In private prac- tice the proofs of the influence of parental alcoholic excess in the generation of amentia are continually confronting me ; and among my professional confreres there is no difference of opinion on the subject. m !l PROHIBITION LKAI)P:RS 65 That the impairment of the bodily or mental faculties arises from the intemperance of one or both heads of the family, is demonstrated by the healthfulness and intellectual vigor of children born while the parents were temperate, contrasted with the sickliness and mental feebleness of their brothers and sisters born after the same parent or parents became intemperate. In one case there were first a son and daughter, both excellent specimens, mentally and physically, of vigorous humanity. After the birth of the daughter the father fell into habits of dissipation, and rapidly became an habitual drunkard. He had four children after his deden- .sion to insobriety. Of these, one was defective in mind, and the remainder were complete idiots. There can be no reasonable doubt, in fine, that not the least painful and unavoidable effects of intemperance in alcohol are the physical and mental debility and disease it entails on prosperity. Darwin, in "The Hotanic (larden," in 1794, pointed out this fixed and immutable law. Nearly all the diseases springing from indulgence in distilled and fermented li(iuors are liable to become hereditary, and to descend to at least three or four generations, unless the hereditary tendency be starved out by uncompromising and persistent abstention from all intoxicating drmks. This is no speculative theory, no visionary hypothesis. It is a well- grounded belief founded on accurate observation a legiti- mate conclusion deduced from extendeil exj)erience, and based on incontrovertible facts. Hut the most distressing aspect of the heredity of alcohol is that the transmitted narcotic and insatiable craving for drink — the dipsomania of the [jhysician is every day becoming more and more prevalent. Probably this alarm- ing increase in the alcoholic heredity in England is owing, in a great part, to the unmistakable increase of female intem- perance amongst us. Not long since I was called to a lady, sixty-three years of age, evidently dying. All that I was hai)[)ily able to accomplish was, by the aid of powerful medicinal stimuli, to restore her failing con.sciousness for a few brief moments, while her spiritual adviser addressed to her a solemn exhortation. She was an habitual drunkard, getting drunk regularly every night, and when drunk she lost all sense of shame and decorum. She was a victim to the hereditary drink-crave. The only other members of her family, two sisters, were al.so hereditary dipsomaniacs. The one died in an asylum from insanity caused by drinking, and the other is so confirmed a drunkard that she has to be constantly watched. The hereditary transmission of an innate pronene.ss to excess in alcohol, of a special susceptibility to habitual and abandoned intemperance, has l)cen recogni/.ud from the earliest time. Plato referred to the injurious effects of intemperance both on the parent and on the child. Plutarch wrote, " Ebrii gignunt ebrios" : and Aristotle taught that "drunken women bring forth children like unto themselves. " The parliamentary committee of the British Hou.se of Com- mons, in 1834, in their report on intemperance, state that the evils of alcoholism " are cumulative in the amount of injury they inflict, as intemperate parents, according to high medical testimony, give a taint to their offspring before its birth, and the poisonous stream of ardent spirits is con- veyed through the milk of the mother to the infant at the breast ; so that the fountain of life, through which nature supplies tha' pure and healthy nutriment of infancy, is poisoned at its very source, and a diseased and vitiated appetite is thus created, which grows with its growth, and strengthens with its increasing weakness and decay." l)ne more example which has come under my own professional observation may be useful. A gentleman of position, sixty-four years of age, is an hereditary drunkard. So violent is he that his wife and family have had to leave him. One of his sisters (unmarried) is an iml)ecile through drinking. She has freijuently tried to commit suicide, when drunk, by hanging, by poi.son, by jumping from a window, and by drowning. Her insanity has so suicidal a tendency that she cannot be left a moment alone all the repeated efforts at .self-destruction which I have just enumerated having been attempted while the attention of the attendant was withdrawn from her for a few .seconds. She will do anything for drink will l)eg, borrow, or steal, pawn every- thing she can lay her hands on, and even essay robbery with violence in the hope of obtaining money to gratify her morbid craving for alcohol. Another sister (married) is also an habitual drunkard, who gets into fits of ungovernable fury when in drink, and, being dangerous both to herself and others, is under restraint. Thus all the family are dipso- maniacs. 'I'he fatal legacy in this case was from both parents. The father shot himself when laboring under alcoholic mania, and the mother was an inveterate drunkard. The grandfather was also a confirmed inebriate. Some are of opinion that when the father is addicted to drunkenness tht girls are the most liable to be the subjects of hereditary alcoholism, and when the mother is the culprit the sons are specially endowed with the family failing {heredile croi'ee) ; but upon this point I can at present form no reliable opinion. That the female parent is the more general transmitter of the hereditary alcoholic taint I have little doubt. In a London pri.son recently female repre- sentatives of four different generations of one family were incarcerated at the same time for drunkenness or offenses connected therewith. In my own observation, the female members of several families which suffered under the infliction of drunken mothers, have all, except those individuals who have become rigid teetotalers, lapsed into hardened drunkards. In one case the females of two successive generations, and in another case of three suc- cessive generations, have all formed an unbroken chain of reckless inebriates ; and then, all at once, their successors in life have exhibited an utter loathing for alcohol in every shape and form. Apart from any outside temperance influences, an instinctive and irrepressible abhorrence is sometimes .seen, simultaneously and of its own accord, in the children of the third or fourth generation of families formerly, apparently, helplessly and firmly bound by the iron fetters of the heredity of alcohol. The very extent of the 66 I'ROHIHITION LKADKRS m II. evil seems to have worked out its own cure. The depths of misery and dcs|)air into which the relentless tyranny of alcohol has, by inheritance, jjlunged its victims, seem to have [KTmeated tlieir whole l>oing with hatred of their enslaver, and to have inspired them with the determination to strike a hlow for freedom, and casting of)" forever (he yoke of the oppressor. To burst the chains which drink forever flingi On the enlangled soul's aspiring wingt. The inherited drink-crave, where it exists, even when from the absence of temptation or from the strength of resolute will it has never been made manifest, is always latent, and ever ready to be lit up at the faintest alcoholic provoc-ation. The smallest sip of the weakest form of fermented or distilled licjuor has power to set in a bla/.e the hidden unhallowed (ire. Persons ignorant of the inexorable law of heredity in alcohol indiscriminately rebuke and de- nounce the vicious drunkard and the diseased dipsomaniac. But to medical experts it is as clear as is their own existence that there are multitudes of persons of both sexes and in all positions in life who, though they may never have yielded to the enticements around them, are yet brandetl with the red-hot iron of alcoholic heredity. There is no nobler sight on earth than the triumph of such weighted ones over their lurking and implacable foe a foe the more terrible that it lies concealed within their own bosom. The only safety for all such lies in entire and unconditional abstinence from all alcoholic drinks. Such must shun all alcohols. Kvery fermented and distilled li(|uor is tlieir enemy. Though added horrors, such as delirium tremens, may l)e heaped up by a resort to impure spirits and the heavier alcohols, the purest ethylic alcohol, or the weakest and most delicate fermented wine, is strong enough to awaken the dormant appetite, and provoke a thirst too often, alas, (juenched only in death. Whatever their station or their accomplishments the subjects of the inherited drink-crave can abstain or can drink to excess, but drink mo' .itely they can not. If, in a state af conscious- ness, they taste an alcoholic l)everage at all, whether on the plea of sickness at the prescription of a physician, or on the plea of religion at the exhortation of a priest, they are in imminent danger. Their whole system is, as it were, set on fire. Unless happily enabled to master the giant appetite in the very first moment of its reawakened life, they are truly taken possession of by a physical demon, a demon easily raised, but once rai.sed almost beyond the |)ower of even a Hercules to slay. To prevent misapprehension it is as well here to state that all the evil resulting from hereditary alcoholism may be transmitted by parents who have never been noted for tiieir drunkenness. Long continued habitual excessive indul- gence in intoxicating drinks to an exteii; far short of pronounced intoxication is not only sufficient to originate and hand down the morbid tendency, but is much more likely to do .so than even oft-repeated drunken outbreaks with intervals of perfect sobriety between. In what consists these influences of the alcoholism of parents upon the constitutions of their children ? The mother probably is the more potent factor in the trans- mission. She exerts an influence, not only e(|ually with the father in the conception, but, in addition, during the whole |)eriod of the utero-gestation wields a special influen<-e on the unborn child. I'^xact records are wanting, but I have remarked a preponderance of the maternal influence in the causation of alcoholic heredity in many cases in family practice. Alcoholism seems to impair the vital proi)erties of the fertilizing material, and thus from the very l)eginning the child of one or two intemperate parents is burdened with an inherited constitutional idiosyncrasy. Then the depraved moral sense is transmitted, just as are other hereditable mental and moral defects. When the heredity is from the mother, it seems to me that it arises mainly from the defective nutrition of the nervous centers of the cerebral and spinal substance, during the entire uterine career. The continued action of nervine stimulants modifies the nutri- tion of the nervous system, and it is this acquired perversion of the normal nutrition of the nervous system which is conveyed from parent to child, and constitutes heredity in alcohol. The nerve cells are built up and kept in adetjuate repair by the nutritive plasma from the blood. This process is es.sentially a healthy function, the health of the mind as well as of the body depending on the proj)er nutrition, growth, and repair of the cells. By taking alcohol (whether the less poisonous, as the ethylic, or the more poisonous, as the butylic or amylic) we cause the blood plasma to convey to the cells an irritant narcotic poison, instead of a bland nutritious substance ; we stimulate the cells to a rate of waste too rapid for etlicient renewal, and thus set up a depraved diseased condition. Alcohol disturbs the balance of the mental powers. Its action is to destroy the c(|uilibrium of the organic functions of the mind, and by this interference it brings about undue depression of some of the function.s, and undue exaltation of others. This abnormal mental unsteadiness produces in the children of such [jarents a Iwdly-balanced and weakly condition of the brain and whole nervous sy.stem as well as of the moral faculties, and thus both the mind and body of the offspring of parents whose mental and physical being is steejH-'d in aUnhol are predisposed to take a diseased action. A crowd of nervous disorders is the inevitable outcome. Thi' mortality among children so afflicted is enormous, and when they survive the period of childhood, epilepsy, apoplexy, cerebral and meningeal disease and insanity, work siid havoc with the survivors. The heredity of alcohol is now beyond dispute. It is no mere dream of an abstemious enthusiast, but the operation of a natural law ; no fanciful creation of a nephalian brain, but an acknowledged fact. Men and women on whom this dread inheritance has Ik'cu forced without their consent are everywhere around us, bravely struggling to lead a pure and sober life ; and would it not be but an act of justice to make 11 IR-i'' PROHIBITION I-KADKRS 67 fvory church, every hiipic and every land safe for all sui-h afllicted ones by the expulsion of all intoxicating l)everages from our sacred services, from our social gatherings, and from within our borders ? Iviuity and fairness demand this at our hands in the interest and the rights of each hereditary legatee of alcohol, for of all such it may with truth lie said, in the language of Shakes|)eare, " So oft it cbancea in particular man, That, for some vicious mole of nature In them, — As in their biith (wherein they are not guilty, Since Nature cannot choose its origin) Hy the o'ertjrowth of some complexion, Oft breaking clown the pales and forts of reason ; that these men, Carrying, I say, the stamp uf one defect, Deing Nature's livery or Kortune'a star, (Their virtues else be they as pure as grace, As infinite as man may undergo) Shall in the general censure lake corruption From that particular fault." "Hereditary alcoholism is an undeniable lact. "- Z?r. J.iinitr, 0/ Paris, at Ihe Brussels Congress. "Alcoholism strikes man not only in his own person, but also in his descendants. The children of the a coholic jjarent are stamped, as it were, with a fatal sign lh.it seals their doom and death in an early age." Dr. Luitier, of tkt French Medico- Physiological Soeiely. " (Jases of hysteria observed in men are cases of absinthism transmitted by heredity." — Af. Lanceraux. " Diseases arising from drinking spirituous or fermented li(|uors are liable to Ijecome hereditary." — Erasmus Daru'in. M.D., F.R.S. " One sees alcohol follow the individual in his offspring. - M. House I. " Of many manifestations of alcoholic heredity epilepsy is the most common."- At, Taguet. mm M r^L THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON OFFSPRING. By Nathan Allen, M. D. ii ill; f WIIKN Jehovah issutd His commands in the Dcca- h>gue, not only to the Israelites, but to His creatures in all coming time, saying, "I, the Lord thy (lod, am a jealous Ciod, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, unto the third and fourth generations," it was intended that there should l>e some meaning in that visita- tion. Whcp tl ' laws of the human system are correctly and fully underst(K)oth the heart and the lungs first, hy causing an unnatural circula- tion of lilood through these organs ; and, secon' li:; I )! ill and that whatever disiKjsitioii to disordt-r, whether of struc- luri> or function, the latter may have posHi-Hsed, it is hahle to evinre ilsi'lf in the former." Sir Henry Holland s;iys; "If |)fc'uliarities of external form nnd feature tend speedily to become hereditary, afTeeting, as we see on every side, not families alone, hut, l>y intermixture and descent, wh'ile races uf mankind, we have no doulil that tieviations of internal structure (whether they lie of deficiency or excess or of any other nature) are similarly transmitted and, with them, the |>ro|)ensities to, or conditions of, morhid action in the (Kirts thus orj;ani/ed." The writings of Owen, Huxley and Dar- win corrolwjrate fully these statements. Ket us now make an application of this law of hereditary descent in ca.ses of alcoholic pois, whii h give rise to attacks of mania, terminating in paralysis and death. " Third Gentralion. The gramlson was strictly solnrr, but was full of hypochondriacal and imaginary fears of |)ersecution, etc., and had homicidal tendencies. " Fourth Generation. The fourth in descent had very limited intelligence, and had an attack of madness when sixteen years old, terminating in stupidity, nearly amounting to idiocy. With him the family probably liccame extinct. And thus we |)erceive the ()ersistence of the taint in the fact that a generation of absolute temperance will not avert the fatal issue." Kxamples similar to the al)ove, if not so marked, can Ih- found in every community by careful intpiiry. As very little investigation has l)een made in res|)ect to the hereditary effects of intemperance, we will here give the testimony of two individuals who have had the liest possible opportunities, and have pusiied tlK-ir in(|uiries further than any others in our country. Dr. Turner, in his "Second Annual Report of the New V'ork State Inebriate Asylum," the largest institution of the kind in the world, states that " out of fourteen hundred and six cases of delirium tremens which had come under his observation, nine hundreil and eighty had an inebriate parent or grandjwrent, or IxUh." He U'lieves that if the history of each [wtient's ancestry were known it would lie found that eight out of ten of them were free users of alcoholic drinks. O. S. Fowler, who for nearly forty years has l)een con stantly making examinations into the organization and character of thousands and tens of thousands, and whose observation in this field of encjuiry have In-en far more than any other living man, bears positive and manifold testimony in his works upon this subject. Says Mr. Fov.ler ; " Few children of drinking parents can be found who do not at times experience a hankering not only after strong drink, but often the very kind of liquor preferred by such parent, and a great majority of our inveterate drinkers will be found to have had parents who loved and drank the creature, though they may have never been dead drunk. Intem|)erance in parents impairs the grain or texture of the brain, and thereby deteriorates the general tone of character and cast of mind of their children. All alcoholics stimulate the selfish pro[x;nsities more, relatively, than the moral sen- timents and the intellect, and, by rendering parents more gross and animal, it simila'-ly depreciates their offspring." The chang." here referred to, produced in the organiy^- tion and character by intoxicating drinks, is one of vast importance. Probably no two things could injure or drag I'ROHIHrilON I.KADKRS 7» down ihi' iharai'tcr of a youn^ ikthdh as a depreciaU'tl (|uality of texture of brain, and a relative pre|X)nderan(e of animal development over the intellectual ami moral. In this transmission of i|ualities there are four features and I'irt'umslanres deserving notice. It is maintained l)y hiuh authority that this alcoholic poison is transmitted in the hlooil that in this way it permeates the whole system, cau.sing not only a want of vitality and strength generally, but rendering partit-ular organs more- eHj)ecially liable to certain disea.ses. It is maintained by some that this transmission <-onsists, more pirti universally adopted and enforced." Erom this position the Presbyterian church has never wavered since. Indeed, both stability of purpose and the spirit of progression seem to distinguish this threat organization. In 1883 the assembly adopted " Dr. John Herrirk Johnson's Amendment" unanimously, in the following words: "In view of the evils wrought by this scourge of the race, this assembly would hail with acclamations of joy and thanksgiving the utter extermination of the traffic in intoxicating li(|uors as a beverage, by the power of ('hristian conscienci', public ()|)inion and the strong arm of the civil law ; " and in 1 885 the assembly again declared : " The entire extinction of the manufacture and sale of intoxicating li(juors as a beverage is the goal to which the assembly looks for- ward, and for the accom[)lishnient of which it expects the earnest, united, determined and persistent labors of all its ministers and people, in connection with the religious and soIkt citizens of our common country." The Presbyterian church stops there because there is no further to go. There is no more advanced ground, and it is with just pride that one of her distinguishtid sons (Dr. Brown) exclaims: ".So hath this noble church wrought in the past <'entury in this great cause, and I have the utmost confidence that she will be true to her past history to the end, and when .... the liquor traffic shall be outlawed in every state in the Union, and in the laws and constitution of the federal government, as it doubtless will be in the near future, when the good angel of victory shall appear bringing the crown for the most valiant soldier, methinks I hear the unanimous voice ringing out from all divisions of the one great army: 'Let the crown be jjlaced upon the old blue banner of the Presbyterian church, the standard that has always been in the forefront of the hottest part of the battle, for she is worthy to receive it.' " THK MKTHOniST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Tn the year 1760, John Wesley, who ranks only less than the inspired Apostles among the great characters of the Christian church, wrote the following " on the sin of distill- ing and selling s|)irituoiis licjuors": "Hut neither may we gain by hurting our neighbor in body. Therefore we may not sell anything which tends to impair health, such as, eminently, all that li(|uid fire commonly called drams or spirituous li(iuors. It is true that these may have a place in medicine Therefore, such as prepare and sell them only for that end may keep their conscience clear Hut all who sell them in the common way, to any one who will buy, are poisoners in general. 'I'hey murder the king's subjects by wholesale They drive them to hell like sheep; and what is their gain? Who would envy their large estates and sumptuous palaces ? A curse is in the midst of them - the curse of Ciod cleaves to the stones, the timber, the furniture of them ! The curse of (lod is in their gardens, their walks, their groves — a fire that burns to the nethermost hell ! Blood, blood, is there ; ;'^e foundation, the floor, the walls, the roof, are stained with blood ! And canst thou hope, () thou man of blood ! though thou art ' clothed in scarlet and fine linen, and farest sumptuously every day,' canst thou hope to deliver down thy fields of blood to the third generation ? Not .so, for there is a (lod in heaven ; therefore thy name shall be rooted out. Like as those whom thou has destroyed, body and soul, thy ■memorial shall perish with thee." Mr. Wesley exhibited the (pialities of high statesman- ship, as well as of a Christian teacher, in dealing with the liiiuor problem of his day. Prom 1 743, when, by the rules of the United Societies of Methodists, "drunkenness, buy ing or selling s[;'rituous licjuors, or drinking them, except in cases of extreme necessity," were prohibited, all through his prolonged and unparalleled labors, he denounced the sin of intemperance, and so bent the twig of Methodism that the mighty tree inclines only to the right, and gives neither shade nor shelter to the chief curse of this world, and, so far as we can judge from the nurfiber and fate of its victims, of the next world also. After giving the facts. Dr. Buckley says : " Ixt it, then, Ik; remembered forever that American Methodism began as a total abstinence society, of the strictest sort, forbidding the manufacture, the sale or the use of spirituous licjuors, except in cases of extreme necessity. Whoever violated that rule was subject to discipline and branded as inconsistent by the general rules, which were read in his hearing on all important public occasions." Subseiiuently there was a i)artial decline, for this high stand- ard seems to have taxed poor human nature beyond what, under the temptations of the times, it could bear. For a while they left out the word "extreme" before "necessity " ; but in the general conference of 1828 it was resolved : "Whereas, the rules and exam[)les of the Wesleyan Metho- dists, from the founding of their existence as a people, both in Europe and America, were calculated to sup- press intemperance, and to discountenance the needless use of ardent spirits, thnt all our preachers and people be expected, and they are hereby expected, to adhere to their first principles, as contained in their excellent rules on this ubject, and as practiced by our fathers, and to do all that they prudently can, both by precept and example, to suppress intemperance throughout the land" ; and " 'I'hat, to bring about the refor- mation desiied on this subject, it is important that we neither drink ourselves (except medicinally) nor give it to visitors or workmen." In 184.^ the church divided, and then and sub- seciuently the sentiment of the Methodists, both south and north, seems to have l)een for prohibition of the liquor evil in all its branches. At the first general conference after the division a report was adopted in which the conference says : " We proclaim with [Hjculiar satisfaction that we now have Mr. Wesley's rule on spirituous liquors restored to our general rules." This was done by a vote of 2,01 1 to 21, in the annual conference" (Dr. Buckley). In 1852, the general conference rejoiced" greatly," . . . . . especially " that Ciod has put it in the hearts of civil rulers to interpose the authority of the state for the protection of society against what we hold to be an enormous social wrong — . the manu- ■1; m 74 PROHIBITION LEADERS facture and sale of intoxicating drinits." At nearly if not quite every general conference since that time, the same ground has heen taken, and special things prescribed to be done, having in view the greater efficiency of the clergy and the membership in the work of destroying the tratTfic. Dr. Huckley writes, in " One Hundred Years of Tem- perance" : " 'I'he ministers and active membership of the Methodist Episcopal Church are, almost to a man, zealous advocates of total abstinence. Among the ministers it would Ik; difficult to find one who is known to use even malt licjuors as a beverage. Among the people the general practice is that of total abstinence. Probably there is no body of men and women of any considerable size in the world who purchase and use so small an amount of intoxi- cating liciuors as a beverage as the Methodist Episcopal Church and it stands to-day, in the United States, as an aggressive force second to none in the efforts to overthrow a .system, with its dependent usages, which pro- motes every moral and social evil, anil produces many misfortunes, vices and crimes which, without it, would have no existence." THE HAI'TIST CHURCH. "The Bapti.st denomination is an archipelago. Each local church lifts itself independent of every other church The denomination stands for state rights as opposed to centralization in church life." This remark of Rev. O. P. GifTord may explain the reason why in his sketch of the connection of this powerful and omnipresent denomination with the temperance movement he quotes liiiic from repre- sentative bodies in regard to its sentiments during the period of temperance evolution. But the general fact is apparent that the Baptists, in their several divisions, have been well to the front in the war against alcohol. Their representative men have delivered some of the r;irliest and most decided utterances upon the subject, (iov. Briggs was president of the Congressional Temperance Society. President Wayland wrote to Dr. Justin Edwards in the year 1833: "I think the prohibition of the tratTic in ardent i.pirits a fit subject for legislative enactment, and I believe the most happy results wruld flow from such prohibition." The Washington movemeni was guided and fostered by and under the preaching of IClder Knaj)]). The first temperance paper the National Philanthropist was owned and edited by Rev. William ('oilier, a Baptist, '['his paper was estab- lished in tile year 1826, as noted in the preceding diapler. It was a \ery great achievement to catch (he sjjirit of tiie press, and yoke its mighty but somewhat reluctant powers to the car of temperance reform. William I.ioyd darrisfin, who was editor of the Philanthropist in 1829, then wrote as follows: "Prior to that period (1826) intemi.erance was seldom a theme for the essayist ; the newspapers scarcely acknowledged its existence, except occasionally, in connec- tion with some catastrophe or crime, and it did not occur to any one that a paper devoted mainly to its suppression might lie made a direct and successful engine in the great work of reform. When this paper was first proposed, it met with a repulsion which would h.ive utterly discouraged a less zealous and persevering man than our predecessor. The moralist looked on doubtfully ; the whole community esteemed the enterprise desperate. By extraordinary efforts, and under appalling disadvantages, the first number was given to the public; and since that time it has gradually expanded in size and increased in circulation, till doubt, and prejudice and ridicule have lieen swept away." Dr. Justin Edwards reported the First and Second Baptist churches of Boston, in 1823, as having no member engaged in the liijuor traffic, and the Boston Baptist Bethel has sustained a Monday evening temperance meeting, every week, for more than forty years, and has a pledge containing over 20,000 names ("One Hundred Years Temperance," p. 317.) In 1835, a New Jersey association of churches declared "that it is morally wrong in all, but esiiecially in a professor of religion, to manufacture, vend or use such liciuors (intoxicating or alcoholic) as a common article of luxury or living." It will Ix; observed that this early declaration also includes fer- mented drinks within its terms. They also declare for total abstinence, and for the expul sion from their communion of all who make, vend or use intoxicating liijuors as a common article of luxury or living, if they should prove to be incorrigible after affectionate and earnest efforts to reclaim them. Erom 1883 to the pre.s.,'nt time the state conventions of this great denomination, ill over the country, have been very emphatic tor total abstinence and for Prohibition. I (juote from the resolutions of the Mississippi convention of 1884: " Roolveti, That wc raise our uncompromising protest against Itie use, manufacture or sale if inloxicatiiiy lii|Uors as a leverage ; against the renting of properly fur the manufaciure or sale of intoxicating liquors ; the selling of the fruits and cereals to Iw manufactured into this leverage ; the signing of whisky petitions or going on ihc l>onds of tiquor-sellers, and against giving countenance in any way to the iniquitous tralfic or use. " Keselved, That the cause of Christ is greatly injured by churches retaining in their fellowsihip whiskysellcrs, whisky drinkers, visitors of saloons, and ■ i^ners of petitions to sell whis.ky, and those who persist in lending their influence to satan in these ways should be brought under church discipline. " Kesolvtd, That we will use our influence to secure an enforcement of the existing statutes in regard to the'-aflSc in intoxicating beverages, and that we will endeavor to tiring aiiout prohibition as soon as prac- ticable. That we l>elieve " First, that the most effectual legal remedy for the manifold evils of intemperance is constitutional prohibition ; " Second, the licensed li(|uor tralfic to be the enemy of the church, a disgrace to civilization and humanity ; "Third, we Iwlieve it lobe out* duly to support for office such candidate! as are in favor of temperance reform, other things Iwing e<|ual. " /'««/»«/, -That we rejoice at the progress of legal Prohibition in our state and throughout the United States." What a marvel of completeness and power ! " Only one thing thou lackest," and that will yet \vt supplied by the developing necessities of the ca.se an emphatic crowning resolve for national Prohibition. A people thus in earnest will find the way. PROHIBITION LEADERS 75 Mr. (liflbrd thus sums up for the Baptist denomination : "We have the honor, " I. Of establishing the first temperance newspaper, and leading the way to the founding of tiie Temperance . Publication House. " 2. Of one of the first utterances for Prohibition. " ,?. Of originating the VVashingtt)n movement. " 4. Of the oldest continuous temperance service. " 5. Of standing scjuarely, as a denomination, for total abstinence for the individual and Prohibition for the state." THE REKORMKI) DUITH CHURCH. This ancient organization was planted in the new world from Holland, on the island of Manhattan, as early as the year 1623. For three -enturies at least this church has b.jen a deadly foe to the excessive use of intoxicating drinks, and has forbidden those guilty of such indulgence the sacrament of holy communion, and its discipline has been most rigorously enforced. In the year 1828 the following declaration was made for total abstinence ; " Resolved, That the principle ailopled l>y many individuals and .societies, in ditTerent pnrts of the country, for the suppression of intem- perance, viz., total ahslinence from the use of ardent spirits, excepting only its use as a medicine, meets with the decided approbation of this synod." The records of this church are replete with emphatic utterances for total abstinence and the prom'jtion of the great work of temperance reform by every rational means, from the beginning until now. The Rev. C L. Wells, I). I)., claims for this church tiiat, "in its ministry and member- ship it presents as fair a record for |)urity, C'hristly living and devotion to the welfare of humanity as any church in this broail land. . . . Wherever a Reformed Dutch Church is established, there you find earnest advocates of ' law and order,' of sound reform, of temperance, and determined opposition to the traflic in intoxicating drink. We claim to stand among the leaders in this enterprise. Such is the attitude of our church toward this work." And so we salute thee -venerable ! and without a stain ! THK CUMBERLAND 1'RE.SBYTERIAN CHURCH. This denomination is seventy-seven years old. Born in a time of general religious and temperance r"vival, from the beginning it has l)eeii a temperance church. In the year 1881 the assembly ordered " that our people bevadvised to favor the passage of prohibitory laws, and that they vote for men who will both make and execute such l.iws ; " and in 1885 this denominatioii declared for national I'rohibition, .with a dearnesss and emphasis which entitle it to prominent leadership in the great conflict of the world. Who shall lead but those who can see ? Hear the assembly ! After enumerating the various general principles and measures embraced'in the ntovement, they say : " We should regard the foregoing and other methods of temperance work as but means to the end at which the special and wonderful movement of the day aims, and that is so devoutly to l>e prayed for — the national almlition of the drink traffic. This is the transcendent issue of (he hour." Rev. J. Reed Morris thus sums up a most interesting sketch : " Be it observed '.hat ecclesiastical orthodoxy, in this age ol the world, is measured largely by a church's attitude toward the liquor traffic If, as has been hereinbefore maintained, this church stands in the front rank of the great bailie line of the Lord's host, arr.iyed in fierce conflict against the monster foe, intemperance, there is no ground for vain glory. "The watchword of the day is, 'Go forward.' Therefore, the imperative demand upon all who are committed to this transcendent issue is to gird on the armor anew for a yet mightier onset against a common foe to both civil and religious interests " THK I.UTHKKAN IHURCH. The Lutheran Church is older than the temperance reformation centuries older than the modern temperance movement for total abstinence and prohibition. It has, however, thrown the influence of its strong (Jerman intel- lectuality and deep religious feeling against the drinking tendencies of the people at all times, and, after the manner of massive natures, this great church, becoming fairly aroused, has of late years been among the most radical and advanced of any in its expressions and action against the rum traffic. In 1871 the Oeneral Synod says : '^Aeaolvid, That we are more than ever thoroughly convinced of the necessity of thoroughly educating the public mind upon the elementary truths of temperance, by making free and proper use of the platform, the press and tin: pulpit ; ... at the same time we are fully satisfied that judicious legislation is indispensable to complete success, and that we hold ourselves in readiness to cooperate with the friends of the cause in securing and enforcing such laws as will effectually suppress the evils of intemperance among us." Since then various state synods have taken strong ground against the litjuor traffic, that of West Pennsylvania being specially noticeable in its demand for strong pro- hibitory legislation, and resolving that " we will continue to protest, to preach and to pray against the rum traffic, and, under every favorable opportunity, we will vote as we pray." Dr. Swartz well says, in concluding his sketch : " Recog- nizing the fact that tiie Lutheran church in this country is largely recruited by emigration from the old world, and that this foreign element brings with it un-American prejudices and customs, especially in regard to total-abstinence princi- ples and practice, it is not strange that Lutherans have been beset witii peculiajr dilTicullics and hindrances in achieving a fair sianiling and making a good record with other lesj embarrassed workers in the gteat temperance reform. On this very account, however, all the more njjedful is the co-operation of the Lutheran bodies^with the hosts of tem- perance workers in other churches. The Lutherans have a grand mission, and they are nobly and hopefully arising to meet their peculiar responsibilities. Ixt them have at once the sympathies and prayers of all temperance reformers." ! i 1 ' > 76 PROHIBITION LEADERS 1 ! I: m\ \i ' THE SOCIETY OK h'KIENDS. The Quakers originated in England, about 1660. They have always been pronounced in their o])position to war, the slave trade, slavery and intemperance. The society is separated into sub-divisions called yearly meetings, which are the lawmakers and governing bodies, independent of each other, but having a fraternal and advisory relation, which is maintained by correspondence. I will cite from the recent declarations of these meetings to show the attitude of the society toward the traffic in alcohol. In the year 1874 the yearly meeting of New England appointed a committee to " put forth earnest efforts to sup- press the wicked traffic in intoxicating drinks," and an appropriation was made to their use. In 1876 are reported labors to promote constitutional prohibition, scientific instruc- tion in schools, etc. The Philadeljjhia yearly meeting and ten others in various states occupy substantially the same grounds as that of New England, above cited. 1 )uring most of the history of the society it has tx;en consistently opposed to intemperance, and by the sincerity and honesty of life manifested in their intercourse with the people a strong influence for temperance has been exerted in favor of the temperance cause by this class of CTliristians. The particular action of each yearly meeting for many years is faithfully given by Mr. Egerton in "One Hundred Years of Temperance." THEUNITKIl IlKKTHRKN IN CHRIST. This denomination was organized in the year 1800, in a dwelling over the store-room of a distillery which l)elonged to one of the brethren. In 1821 the third general conference resolved "that neither preachers nor lay menibers shall be allowed to carry on a distillery and that it shall be the duty of the preachers to labor against tin i^vils of intemperance." In 1 833 the general conference adopted a rule making it an ofTense, punishable with expulsion, for an exhorter, preacher or elder to manufacture or sell ardent spirits, and gave a year's grace wherein those so engaged couUl close out their business. In 1848 the use, as well as the manufacture and sale, was forbidden to .1! members. In 1881 the general ci,.- jrence said: "We will not relax our efforts until constitu,ional Prohibition shall be ;.secured in every state of this our great tlomain." In 1885 the .same position was reaffirmed, and the ch . urged " to strive in every legitimate way to secure constitutional Prohi- bition, both state and national." The Rev. E. S. Loren/. sums U]) as follows : " Hut ■whether identified with the political party or not, all united brethren are prohibitionists, and can l)e ilepended upon to vote right when constitutional Prohibition is offered to the |)eople Not a century old by half a generation, the church of the United Hrethren in Christ is fully abreast, -clergy and laity, with the most advanced results of the closing century of temperance work, and promi.ses to do no mean share of the work which the opening century is pledged to accotnplish." THK DISCIIM.KS n CHKIST. This denomination was organized in the year 181 1, and already has about six hundred thousand members. It is one of the most a<;tive, and may yet l)econie one i.f the most powerful, in (.'hristendom. As a body, the Disciples are strongly against the evil of intemperance, but have made less explicit declarations against it through their conventions than mo.st other denominations, because of the strictness with which their co' stitutioii excludes the consideration of ((ues- tions not wholly and directly relating to matters devout. Hut the general expression of individual memb.-rship, as obtained by Mr. K. M. (Ireen, is for total abstinence and prohibition, and they favor political action of a radical character. THE UNIVKRSAI.IST CHURCH. This church was organized in 1 790, and in the year 1800, in order to avoid the appearance of evil in as.sembling at taverns, where liquor was generally abundant, the con- vention resolved "that the council of the convention do a.s.semble in future at the private house of a brother or sister, as it becometh us to abstain from the appearance of evil." In 1835 strong temperance resolutions were adopted by the general convention. In 1856 the general convention cla.ssed slavery and intemperance together, and insisted that "the enormous evils" arising from both "are themes within the domain of the moral and religious teacher ; " and in various state (conventions, from time to time, total abstinence and legal prohibition have lieen strongly endorsed, and, within the last few years, prohibition by constitutional law. Rev. Edwin Thompson has been one of the most active, and imjjortant laborers in the temperance reform. It was of him that, when some spoke of him as the " main spoke in the wheel," Dr. Lyman Heecher exclaimed, "Indeed, it seems to me that he has lx;en the hub, and all the spokes, and a considerable part of the rim I " Rev. Dr. Chapin will be remembered as for years the most elo(|uent .American divine, and very prominent in the temperance reform, while Dr. A. A. Miner, "who conducteil for the people of Massa- chu.setts, l)efore the legislative committee, the defense of Prohibition against the assaults of Ciovernor Andrew, and was president of the Massachu.setts Alliance," was fittingly designated as the "une()ualled champion of radical temper- ance measures in New England." Dr. Richard Eddy's sketch is much more full than the few facts which I have gleaned from it. This denomination has many distinguished names of men honorably connected with the temperance movement, among whom it would be injustice should I omit to mention that of Dr. ICddy himself. THE METHODIST I'ROTI'-STANT CHURCH. ■* This church was organized in 1830. Its first "deliver- ance" against intemperance was made as follows, by the general conference which framed its constitution and dis- cipline : PROHIBITION LEADERS 77 " I. KesolveJ, Thai the efforts of ihe fiiends of temperance to promote entire alntinence from the use of ardent spirits, except as a medicine, meet our cordial approbation. " 2. Kesolved, That we deeply regret that any professed Christians should at this day, and under the lights which rrovidence has fur- nished, continue to manulacture, vend or use ardent spirits. "3. Hesohed, That we earnestly hope Ih.il the making, vending and using of distilled litiuors, as an article of luxury or diet, will be abandoned by all the friends of the Redeemer throughout iho world." Kifty years later the general conference declared, " The ina'.iuiacturc, sale and use of intoxicating li(|uors, as a bev- erage, is a violation of the teachitig of the liilile, and is ojjposed to the best interests of our country"; in favor of "moral suasion" and "legal Prohibition," and that "total abstinence from alcoholic beverages is the Hible rule of temperance." And again, in 1884: "Resolved, That we believe that the most successful way to sup- press the traffic in intoxicants is constitutional Prohibition." The resolutions of the annual conferences of this church have been numerous, progressive, earnest, and finally radi. cal, in opposition to Ihe li(|uor traffic, and, in t! _ words of Rev. H. I'". Henson, " these successive deliverances, running from 1830 to the present time, exhibit the gradual develop- tnetit of temperance doctrines from a mild form of persua- sion, in which Christian people are advised not to sell or drink intoxicating spirits, to the most positive denunciation of their use as utterly inconsistent with the Christian pro- fession, and the sale as a crime against society, which, like other crimes, should be prohibited by the laws of the land. Antl this latter is the position of the Methodist Protestant church at this time." THK. c:on(;rk<:.\tion.m. (HI'rchks. These churches are independent Chri.stiaii republics. They have not even a federal union, and, living almost always in [peace, they have no articles of confederation for times of war. Hut their form of church government and the town-meeting system have been the very charters and working models of freedom. To borrow an ecclesiastical teriTi, they are the "deliverances" of liberty. National meetings are rare with this denomination. Dr. Langworthy says (p. 377 "One Hundred Years of TemjK'rance "): " Our conferences, a.ssociations and councils are simply advisory. l'"or more than a oeiitury we had no gathering, elective or otherwi.se, that could Ix; called national." For this reason it will not be possible to gather the liistory of the temperance sentiment of this denomination from general declarations of large representative bodies. But many of the most pronounced leaders of the temperance movement have been, and are, among the leaders of this faith, and the church membership is generally ((uite as radical in opposition to the traffic as are (heir representa- tive men. Rev. Heman Humphrey, for 1 *enty-two years president of Amherst College, preached a series of six temperance sermons in the year iHio, " i)robably the first series ever preached." In 1813 he published six articles in the Panoplist, on " the cause, origin, effects and remedy of inteniiKTance in the United States." I do not know how the fact has l)een with reg^'rd to the intervening presidents of that institution, but I gladly embrace this opportunity to testify of the eminent scholar and noble man who now presides over it, that, much as the e executed, and that we hope to see a law upon the statute book, sus. tained hy pul>lic sentiment, which shall make public drinking-places im|>o8sible." In 1872 the national conference declared it to be duty to do all that can 1k' done, by voice and pen, by life and example, to "arrest and destroy this mighty foe of civiliza- tion," and in 1884 it declared that, " under all the conditions of modern society, we believe that nothing short of a total disuse of intoxicating beverages can serve as a sure means of abolishing and preventing the miseries and evils of intem- perance." Dr. Lowell, Dr. Channing, Dr. Henry Ware, jr., Rev. Samuel J. May, Rev. John Pierpont, William G. Elliott, 1). D., well-known throughout the Mississippi valley, Dr. (lannett, and many others, who have pa.ssed away, were in their time among the great champions of temperance reform. Of the living, the Rev. Edward Everett Hale, the — but the time and space would fail me to write the names whieh belong on the brilliant roll of mighty men and women who are now at the forefront of battle in this tem|)erance war — and what is true of the clergy is eciually true of the laity of this denomination. I shall be pardoned if I mention by name Henry H. Faxon, of (^uincy, whose intense zeal has never lacked for discretion, and who has Ixjaten the devil so far every time, and, whenever it was necessary, has done it with his own fire. A practical man, who sees to it that those who take the sword perish by the sword. Ten such men would save the United States. Of Mrs. Mary A. Livermore I write with the respectful reverence which is due to one of the ablest minds of either .sex, adorned with all the graces and angelic excellencies of her own. Her services to the cause of temperance and its great companion, the full suffrage, so that the freedom of the race may l)e complete, have not lieen surpassed. Rev. S. W. Bush, who has prepared a very interesting review of the work and position of the denomination, con- cludes thus : " Whatever real service this body of christians has rendered to the temperance cause, just so far has it aided in the establishment among men of the kingdom of Ciod." THE FREE BAPTIST CHURCH. 'I his denomination has always Ix^en in the advance of every reform. They belong to the light infantry — the Zou- aves of heaven. Nor are they without cavalry and heavy artillery an army complete, without bummers or stragglers, always fighting or on the march for another battle. In the year 1828 the general conference resolved "that we advise the members of our churches to abstain from the use of ardent spirits, on all occasions except when they are neces.sary as a medicine." In 1837 they adopted a still stronger resolution, and spoke thus of the traffic; "The vending of intoxicating liiiuors is productive of poverty, ignorance, suffering, vice and crime of every description ; also of disea.se and death; that the dealer in intoxicating drinks is therefore responsible for the evils of which he is knowingly, unnecessarily and voluntarily the author, and should be regarded by the com- munity as guilty of all the misery, crime and death which he produces ; that our law-givers should, by the enactment of just laws, protect the community from this baneful and merciless traffic." In 1853 the general conference resolved "that the traffic in intoxicating litjuors is, in its nature, nearly allied to theft and robbery ; and in its consequences far exceeds them in enormity. That, while we do not discard moral suasion, but consider it an ally essential to the greatest ability of laws ; yet, in our opinion, nothing but a prohibitory law- enforced and embodying the principles of the Maine law- will effectually suppress the abominable liquor traffic." On the organization of a Catholic temperance society in Dover, So PROHiniTION LEAPERS -:!! ! iivi N. H., the Morning Star, the orgnn of the denomination, with a christian lilK'raiity which points out the existence of feelings that should lead to the reunion of the great wings of Christendom in one grand army, published the following : •'We rejoice at the stand our CathoUc neighbors are taking against the use of all intoxicating drinks The effectual remedy for intemperance is total abstinence from all intoxicating drinks." Rev. W. I). Peck, 1). 1)., in his sketch, arranges many instances showing the red-hot energy of the leaders of this denomination in the temperance work. One of them says : " I identify myself with this reform, for lx.'tter or for worse. Dear as is the blood which courses in my veins, I stand or fall with it." Another " took a load of barley ten miles to market, and when he learned that it was to be made into intoxicating li(iuors he said to the purchaser, ' You cannot have my barley for such a purpose,' reloaded it, and took it home, preferring to lose it rather than receive money from such a business." No wonder that Neal Dow says: "I have been well acquainted with the position of the Free Baptist denomination on the subject of temperance and pro- hibition, from the beginning of the organizations, . . . and I do not remember one who was not thoroughly a friend of this great movement, as they are to-day. . . Without them the cause would not stand where it does to-day." And to this I will add that with them it will not remain where it is to-day ; it will march steadily on to the perfect day of national and international I'rohibition. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The cjuadrennial convention of this church, held in the year 1882, adopted the following report on temperance : "Whereas, Intemperance is the greatest evil of the age, and liquor-selling (he ' crime of crimes' against (iod and man ; therelore, " I. Resolved, That the United Slates government ought at once to withdraw its sanction and support from the manufacturers and traffickers in intoxicating liquors. " 2. That we favor, and will heartily work for, cnnslitutional amendments in the various states where we reside, until- the prohibition of the manufacture and sale of all intoxicants as (leverages is an accomplished fact. " 3. That in all future political action we will carefully consider our relation to the cause of temperance, and will insist that men and parties claiming our support shall stand square on this vital sulijecl. " 4. That we condemn, as contrary to the christian life, the renting of buildings for the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages. " J. That ws will, as far as possible, co-operate with all churches, societies and individuals in advancing the true temperance cause, as voiced in the motto : " ' Total abstinence for the individual and total Prohibition for the slate ' " The Rev. B. V. Knapp says "that no retrograde step has been taken, but if any difference upon the temperance question by that body, its words upon it have since then been still more outspoken and emphatic, and that the present status of the christian church upon the temperance issue is of more healthful and vigorous growth, and that, too, from the Prohibition stand- point, both by state and nation, than at any period during the century of its church work, 'and for which I feel t) render prais ^' Mghty dod.' " IHK Clll'RCll OK COD. ■\'\ 1'jo. Sigler furnishes a sketch (.see " One Hur ts," etc., p. 412) (|uite full as to the attitude of ti imination upon '.he temperance (pieslion, show- ing thai il is well advanced and strong for total abstinence and for prohibitory legislation in state and nation. Some of its utterances are very emphatic. In one they say " that, since those who are engaged in the litjuor traffic have formed combinations in the interests of this iniipiitous work, it becomes the duty of the friends of temperance to lay aside all sectarian and jiolitical |)rejiidices and unite in one solid compact by which they may counteract thi- influence of these organizations — either by demanding of existing political i)arties further legislation, or by constituting a party whoso ultimate end shall be the entire prohibition of the liquor tralTic." The utterances of this denomination upon the work of woman and her influence, as well as ujion the tem|)erance question, show that it is living in modern times, and is full of energy for the great deeds of the coming years. THE UNITED PRE^IIVTEKI AN CHURCH. This is one of the very youngest of the denominations, having been organized in the year 1858. Her first general assembly " Resolved, Isl, That the business of manufacturing and vcndini; intoxicating liquors for drinking purposes is injurious to the best interests of society, and therefore inconsistent with the laws of God, whic^ require, 'Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.' " In '877 the Cieneral Assembly " Resdved, That the license of the traffic is incompatible with the welf.-re of the state; and that the slate should seek its entire Prohibition." In 1885 : " That there can be no compromise with this evil ; that absolut.- unconditional prohibition is . . . the ultimatum which alone we are willing to accept." Rev. J. T. McCrary concludes his able sketch as follows : " As to the present sentiment of the church, we may speak (juite definitely. Direct information from pastors in all parts of the church warrants the conclusion that the sentiment in favor of total abstinence and I'rohibition among the people is almost unanimous. Three-fourths of the ministers heard from favor the formation of a Prohi- bition party, and act with the third party May Ood grant that before the United Presbyterian church celebrates her semi-centennial she may, with all christian people of this land, t)e called upon to rejoice in the triumph of the cause of Prohibition." THE AE'RICAN METHODIST EIMSCOI'AI, ZION CHURCH was organized in 1796 by colored Wesleyans. Their mem- l3ership is at least 300,000, and has increased with great rapidity in the South since the abolition of .slavery. The ir***. ""'H^ PROHIBITION I-KADERS Hon. John C. Dancy has wrilten a most interesting account of this church and its astonishing (ievelo|)ment : " Kl. Kev. J. W. Horn), one of the present lloird of liisKopi, and Prof. Jos. C. I'rice, President of Ziun Wesley College, at .S.ilisbury, N. C, are loremost amon^ the temperance a'>n .... are none the less fearless and uncompromising in their advocacy of temperance principles. To the promotion and fucctas of the great movement they seem to have consccr.iteil their lives, their best efforts, and the inlluence of their christian example. Rev. C. K. Harris, the next highest officer, is a good templar and a total abstainer, and works unremittingly in behalf of the cause. The Star of /.ion, the organ of the connection, is deilicated to temperance, education, morality, industrial progress and religion Kvery memlwr of the faculty of /ion Wesley college is a temperance man, and every student is rtipiired to abstain from the use of all intoxicating beverages." This church " has tieclared in favor of total ahstinenco for the individual and opposition to intem|)erance on the part of the church." It is an inunense power not alone with its own race, but among the white race as well. No man ever addressed white audiences with greater force and more thrilling effect than Rev. 1 )r. Price during his recent visit to the city of New York. TIIK .M'RICAN .MKTIIOI'IST KPISCOI'Al. ClItlRCll was organized in 1816, by Kev. Richard Allen and Absalom Jones, and one of the provisions engrafteil on the constitu- tion forbade drunkenness, and the drinking of spirituous licltiors luilcss ordered to do so by a 'hysician. " Nor did the church veer from it one hai. ^ jadth while the old hero. Rev. Mr. Allen, lived : nor has it veered since. . . . No drunkards I no drinkers!" In 18,^3, the Ohio conference resolved, " as the sense of this conference, that common schools, Sunday-schools and temperance societies are of the highest importance to all peo[)l(^ btit more especially to us as a people." The Philadelphia and New York conferences also .strongly endorsed the temperance cause. Rev. Dr. Tanner says ; "The church, in the fifty years since these utterances were given, has multiplied her confer- ences by ten ; then there were four, now there are forty- four. If we were to say that in intention to put down the rum fiend we, as a church, have kept full pace with our material growth, the fiict would not be too strongly put. No session of the conference is now held, anywhere within our borders, that rum ravages upon society, morally and religiously, socially and civilly, are not duly and carefully considered. This church now comprises four hundred thousand members, and is a mighty force for good in our country and world." THE EVANliKl.IC.M. ASSOCIATION began with the century, and is described by Rev. G. VV. Gross as " a child of 'providence, called into existence by the great head of the church and by the force of circum- stances," and similar in organization and church polity to the Methodist Ivpiscopa! church. " It has an aggressive spirit, and claims to be in the pioneer cor|)s of every moral reform." It has one hundred aiul thirty thousand menil)ers. The denomination is in it.self a total abstinence stK-iety, and is committed to the principles of absolute and everlasting prohibition of the litjuor tratlic. The Pennsylvania conference, the oldest of the church, |)assed the following resolutions in 1835 ; " Whereas, king alcohol, the great destroyer of our fair land, is notwithstanding the .strenuous and multiplied efforts put forth against him, constantly enlarging his soul and l)ody destroying work ; and whereas his most loyal subjects, the distillers, brewers and snloonist?, are every year l)ecoming more solidified and determined in their opposition to the passage of temperance and Sunday laws ; therefore, " Resolved, That we will, more than ever, devote our energies to the dethronement of this mighty foe. That for this purpose we will employ all fair and honorable means — such as the dissemination of sound temperance literature, the preaching of total abstinence sermons, and the thorough indoctrination of ihe youth in our Sund.iy schools. "Resolveil, That we are in favor of constitutional prohibition. " Resolved, That we consider it a violation ol the spirit of our 'discipline' for any of our membeis either to sign applications for liquor license or to rem 'heir property for the sale of li(|uors. " Resolved, That we consider the use of fermented wine in the sacrament of Ihe Lord's supper contrary to the t>..al abstinence principles of our church." It would seem strange had ("hrist adopteil what would be a sin if it were not a sacrament, and ordain it as the great institution by which to be remembered himself ! Mr. Gross says: "Many, if not most, of the more active, enthusiastic temperance workers give great promi- nence to the legislative and political phases of the ([tiestion, and believe that license, high or low, cannot be encouraged on any moral pretext of reaching the evil ; but believe in the inherent wrongfulness of all litiuor manufacturing and vending for drinking jjurposes, and do in no way sanction or countenance the part taken in the traffic by local, state or national authority." This association is not one of the larger denominations, but it is of the kind of whom one member will cha.se a thousand and two put ten thousand to flight. THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This church is the lineal descendant of the covenanters of Scotland, so it is claimed by the Rev. T. P. Stevenson, who furnishes a brief but most interesting sketch. Eighty- two years since, " her supreme court decided that slave-hold- ing was a crime, and appointed a commis.sion to give effect to this decision in her congregations in the southern states, and all her members who had acquired pioperty in slaves .set them at liberty at this behest. In something the same spirit she has dealt with intemperance." All through her history she has been clear, and radically opposed to this sin. In the year 1885, the .synod declared that the temperance issue has come to the hour for its final decisive struggle, " when the facts are fully known ; when all expedients have utterly failed ; and when enlightened and iir 1; H\ ;;; »2 PROHIBITION I.KADKRS matured public sontiment seeks to e > -ttled outside of political parties." He cites the result in Atlanta as an example of non-partisan success for Prohibition. It will be fortunate indeed when the Prohibition senti- ment is so strong tliat all [jarties coni(H.'te for the first opportunity to deposit their votes for Prohibition. Hut in some parts of the country no party will adopt Prohibition ; on the contrary, all parties strive to exclude it from the sphere of political action, which may be very different from |>arti.san action. The body-politic must act, or there can be no law. If there In- strong opposition, there will In; parties. So far, at the North, the temi)erance issue has l)een in search of a large party for its father. Sometimes, generally, the Republican party has l)een kindly disposed, but, at t)est. Prohibition has been much out in the cold. HROHIHITION I.KADKRS «.l I'rohihition will have ample aicommocbtion, with all the modern improvements, in this country yet. If neither of the old [wrties will take her in and treat her as one of the family she will huild a house to suit herself. In fact, she has already put up one wing of a Iniildint;, with the l.irgest plan, out of material obtained liy tearing down portions of the houses whose o(TU|>ants exclude her. 'I"he end is not yet. That jwrty is wise whi( h first gives her a |R-rmanent home. Mr. I.«e concludes thus: "We think it about time for the people of these United States to know that they have the power to rid themselves of the evil of intemperance. And as long as they have this power, and do not use it, they are responsible for the . for North Waterlcm moved in (he houie uf cnmmons a resolution declarini; thai, if a prohibitory law were enacted " ci|uitable provision should lie made for the compensation of brewers, distillers knd maltsters, to far as respects the diminution in the value ol the real properly, |>remises and plant owned and used by them in their business." On motion of Mr. Kisher, M. P. for Bromc, the house of commons adopted an amendment cleclaring that the lime for the discussion of such a question was when the details of a prohibitory measure was before the house. t)urlng the discusaion an able speech against the compensation pro|>osilion was made by the present l^nancc minister, Hon. (ieorge K. Foster D.C.L. This article consists 01 some extracts from that speech, and expresses the views on compensation of a gentle- man unusually well (|ualitied to discuss this important question. ] WIC havi- first to learn from the voice of precedent, - from the v(n(.:e of rel.-itcd i)recedent. I think I can stand lK.'fore this house, and looking kick through history, challenge anyone to present a case in the legislation which has taken place for the last hundred years in Anglo-Saxon countries in which a single jn-nny has been pakl for damage or loss which has come to the traffic, either from certain mild restrictions placed upon it, or from the more drastic measures of complete and total I'rohihition. NO UklTISH I'RECEDKNT. If we go back to Hnglish history, and to the history of legislation from the first, restrictions were placed upon it, which became greater in magnitude and power, and which must have interfered with the gain.s, and must have curtailed the profits of the traffic ; but not a single case can Ik found in which any one of these restrictions had attached to it the principle of comjjensation. You may take the year 1736, in the Hritish house of parliament, when, driven almost to desf)eration by the multiplied and constant evils which arose from the gin trafllic, the house of parliament in ( 'ireat Britain passed the gin act, which was virtually Prohibition ; and yet that house of parliament, noted for its conservatism, noted for its eminent sense of fairness, attached no compensation to it at all. Following that up, you find another instance where, nbout the year 1 742, the distillation from grain, or flour, or malt was distinctly prohibited. Well, as a result of that prohibition, what followed? Whereas, in the year 1742 the consumption of alcoholic spirits was 19,000,000 gallons a year, from 1760 to 17S2 the awrage yearly consumption had fallen to 4,000,000. 'There was a reduction from 19,000.000 to 4,000,000 of a yearly sale. Does not anyone see that that interfered seriously with the |)roiits and with the gains of the traffic ? .And yet that drastic measure was brought in and kept upon the statute book, and not a penny of com|)ensation was given. The l)eer bill was brought in in 1830. It was antagoni%e« by the whole of the licensed victuallers' interest. \'ou will see in the delwtes the [)etitions which were presented against it, and you will see that the most determined onset was made against the l)eer bill by the licen.sed victuallers and by the great brewers, l)ecau.s<.', they said, it threatened their entire trade ; that their vested interests were to be injured ; and that the families who de|K'nded upon that trade, that numbers of |KTSons variously estimated at from 50,000 to 70,000, would Ik- ruined by the measure : and the plea for com|)ensation was put in. Hut the l)eer bill of 1830 was passed, and those vested interests were interfered with, and yet there was no mention of compensation ; but in the delwtes these who were in favor of the bill pressed the ground that, although these interests might l)e interfered with, the public had no right to l)e called upon to pay for any damage that might arise. In 1854 the Korlx-'s-Macken/ie act was jxissed in the |wrliament of ( Ireat Hritain, which did away with the trade in intoxicating litjuors in Scotland for every Sablwth day in the year. That had a dam.nging effect upon the traffic. It took 2,000,000 gallons off from the consumption of alcoholic spirits, and one-third, or a little less, of the whole of the aggregate of the traffic in that kind of li(|uors. It was a serious detriment to the traffic, and yet there was no coinpensation given. We might cite the Irish Sunday-closing act, the Welsh Sunday-closing act ; we might cite the fact that, upon the great estates in (Ireat Britain, by prohibitory power vested in the land-owner, these interests are interfered with and driven out, and the traffic to that extent curtailed. Looking over the history of li(|uor legislation in ( Ireat Britain, we find a constant series of prohibitory and restrictive measures, injuring the trade in every instance, without the principle of compensation being at all admitted. PROHIBITION LKADERS «5 NO I'KW KDKNT IN lANAIlA. Suppose- we come to Canada, and a.tk what ha.s iKi-n the counc i)f lL>){islati()n here. The old licenst- k'xislalion, such as existed in the I'rovince of Nova Scotia, for instance, which liroiiKht about virtually a prohihiiion in three- fourths or more of the counties in that province, wliich absolutely forbade the trade l»eing carried on, yet ^ave no com|)ensation, even though it was asked. In 1H55, the provinie of New lirunswick passed a prohibitory law, which had no |>rinciple of coni|)ensati()n attached to it. In 1H64, the Dunkin act was passed in the old |>arliamenl of ( 'anada, and, although that was suthciently elastic to l)e applied to every county and town in (^uel)ec and Ontario, and so interfered materially with the trafti<', no com|)ensation was allowed. In 1878 the " Canaila Teni|)erance Act " was fussed, tx>th sides of the house agreeing to it, by which every county and city in Canada might entirely egan to understand its true ( haracter, and in proportion as they understood it, the struggle commenced, and went on, and grew greater, to overthrow the abuse which h.nd grown to so much power and strength during the preceding years. And now, when victory will soon [lerch uiion the Iwnners of the temiK-rance [leople, after these long years of struggle, the traffic comes up and says : " Why, you have sanctioned our existence ; you have allowed us, under protest, it is true, but that allowance is e(|uivalent to a sanction. Now, if you want to get rid of us the only manly and just way to do is to pay us what is involved in getting rid of the traffic.'' THKV HAVK HKKN WAK.VKI). More than that, sir, — the traffic has grown up despite persistent warning. There is no system of evil which the world has struggled against, that has had longer and more persistent warnings given to it of approaching dissolution than this li(|uor traffic. Fifty years ago, and more in this country the first note of warning was raised, and every tern perance meeting that has been held since has lieen a protest again.st it. Kvery resolution of a church synod has lieen a warning to it, and every resolution of a legislature. I think a good many legislatures have pas.sed resolutions against it. I think the legislature of Nova Scotia and the legislature of New" Brunswick, I'rinceKdward Island, Ontario and Manitoba, have all (xissed resolutions praying this [larliament to pass a complete prohibitory liiiuor law. Sir, all these things have been notices to quit, and tha traffic should have taken them to heart, and should not have gone on in the face of all these repeated warnings. THKV TOOK THK RISK. If it has gone on, it has been upon this principle : Here is a man who comes up and says to himself, " What business i' ' 86 PROHIBITION LEADERS i|i shall I take ? There is the grocer's business ; there is the hoot and shoe business; and then' is the licjuor traffic, which shall I take ?" He sees that the two former are stated, and solid, and certain ; that there has been no agitition with reference to them, no strong; wave of public opinion condemning them, - while the liiiuor traffic exists by an uncertain tenure, and goes on in spite of the prayers of the people to parliament to sweep that traffic away. And what does he say ? He says ; " The gains in this seem to me to promise well." True, the risks are great, but I will take the risks for the sake of the gains. Now, then, if he has taken the risks for the .sake of the gains, when the time comes for the risks to accumulate in lo.ss, let him pocket the losses as well as the profits. He has taken the risks against the strong and repeated and continuous warnings that his tenure was not a certain tenure, and might at any day be disturbed. THKY HAVK NO CLAIM. In 1864 the warning was given to him by an act put in the hands of the people which might have shut up the li(|Uor traffic in any county at any time the peo])le chose. How many are engaged in the trade who have undertaken it before 1864? In 1878 that position was made doubly strong by the passing of the Canada 'I'emperance Act. How many are in the licensed victuallers' trade to day that were in it previous to 1878? All that have gone in since those warnings of 1864 and 1878 were given have gone in with the full knowledge of the risk and the uncertain tenure upon which the traffic rested, and if they have chosen to take the risk they have no right to come here to-day and say, " Because we have chosen to take the risk we want you to compensate us when loss falls upon us." A Plim.lC NUISANCK. Now, the whole point between those prohibitionists who are in f.ivor of compensation, and those others, be they prohibitionists or not, who are not in favor of compensation, hinges entirely, it seems to me, on this : Is the private property which is invested in the licjuor traffic, from first to last, invested in that which works to the public injury or to the public good ? If you contend that the investment in the traffii, is not being used to the injury of the public, then you have a basis or ground on demanding compensation ; but if, as we hold, this investment is for the injury of the public, we have good ground for which to contend that the state has a rif.;ht to inhibit that use of it, and pay no compensation therefor. And I' think I can challenge the production of a single instance in which property has been taken away by legislation, or the use of it inhibited, where that use was for the public injury, — a single instance where such legislation has taken place in which any compensation whatever has been given by the government or parliament which passed the legislation. NOT I.IKE A USEFUL BUSINESS. The fundamental principle, then, to be looked at is the difference in kind between this traffic and every other traffic. If this traffic were the same as the flour traffic, then, sir, there would l)e a clam"' for compen.sation which no parlia- ment, no body of people, could overlook. I>ct us take the miller. There is the farmer who raises the grain ; there is the carrier who takes it to the mill ; there is the miller who grinds it ; and from the time the farmer puts his first ounce of labor on it till it comes out as bread on the table of the consumer, every bit of lalxir [lut upon it has added real, actual value to the thing, and the product is increased in value by the labor which has been put on it. And when the consumers get it, they get that which is food, from which they make brain and muscle, out of which they produce again larger (juantities and greater results than is merely represented by the value of it. And, sir, in the train of this business there is no extraordinary disease, no extraordinary death, no extraordinary burdens of pauperism or crime that are entailed on the community. A DESTRUCTIVE TRAKKIC. But when we come to the liquor traffic there is a differ- ence from first to last. From the time the farmer sows his grain until it is set before the consumer, I contend that every ounce of labor which is expended on it is labor which is wasted. It is labor which is worse than wasted, sir. It is labor which is put on .something which, in the end, is not only wasted, but is worse - is destructive. And so there is no parallel Initween the miller's business and the distiller's business, so far as the rationale of the two businesses is con- cerned. Then, what happens liesides in this second business? Last year 2, ,^84, 424 bushels of grain were consumed in making the beer and alcoholic liquors consumed in this country. Can it be contended that the result, as it went into the hands of the consumers and was consumed, could at all lie comparable for sustaining life and giving brain and muscle to the food which had been destroyed in order to make the substance itself? WASTE OK LABOR AND MONEY. More thar .hat, the labor was drawn from other and productive fiejds in the making and dis^ibution of this product More than that, ten thousand waste-banks were set up in this country in which the people of this cointry deposited of their earnings $36,000,000 or thereabout, and from which the depositors took no principal home, and they got no interest for their deposits. It is so much money taken out from the people, and they get nothing that helps, and much that does incalculable injury, in return for it. LABOR LOST BY IDLENESS. Not only that, sir, but the labor is destroyed and idle- ness is produced as the direct result of this whole traffic. It is contended that in (ireat Britain, and it was contended on the authority and as a result of a royal commission to in(|uire into the matter, that one-sixth of the labor power of Great Britain was lost to the country because of the traffic in intoxicating liquors. That serves to show that a vast deal of labor is lost to the country because of the traffic. PROHIBITION LEADERS 87 m'] Now, I do not pretend to say how much it is in this coun- try, hut suppose we make a calculation which cannot be impugned on the ground of extravagance. Suppose that ten thousand drink-selling places in the course of a year take away the work of five thousand laborers or its e(|uivalent. Su|)[)()se that the ten thousand places for die sale of intoxi- cating litiuors take out of the productive labor of the country labor which would e(|ual that of five thousand persons, and I think that is not an excessive estimate. Those persons' labor is certainly worth in each case $400 per year, and the live thousand multiplied by $400 makes $2,000,000, which will serve to show, on this low basis of calculation, the pro- ductive labor power destroyed by the traffic in each year. LOSS IIV DRINK-CAUSED MOKTAI.ITV. More than that, we know from vital statistics, from the results ol researches which have been made by eminent scientific men and scientific bodies, that a great deal of life is sacrificed every year because of the traffic. Suppose we make the estimate that in the Dominion of Canada tiiree thousand lives are sacrificed annually to this traffic, and that from these three thousand men ten years of prospective life is taken away from the country, which life they would have lived, and in which they would have labored had it not been for their being prematurely cut off as a result of the traffic. Those ten years' life of three thousand persons is eijuivalent to thirty thousand years' labor ; and that, at the same value of $400 per year as before, would make a loss in labor-power of $12,000,000 to this country. I arr> persuaded that any man may take these estimates, and though he may criticise them in many ways, he (x-rtainly will not have as the burden of nis criticism that the estimate is too high. I present them merely to emphasize this fact, that the labor-power of the country has a serious drain put upon it as the result of this traffic. LOSS HV DRINK CAIISKD INSANIIV AND C'RIMK. More than that, sir, the burden of poverty and of crime which is laid upon the country, as a direct result of this traffic, is great. I wish to present just the barest outline of last year's statistics in Ontario alone with reference to that matter. I find that in the Province of Ontario last year there were committed to the common jail 9,880 persons, with a cost of maintenance of $44,783 ; that in the prisons there were 995, with a cost of maintenance of $32,190 ; that in the Hoys' reformatory and Mercer house there were 321 and 303 respectively, with a cost of maintenance of $26,120 and $21,568 respectively, making, altogether, a large amount of money which was paid out for the maintenance of crim- inals of this class in the I'rovince of Ontario alone. The report of the bureau of statistics in Massachusetts, after exhaustive researches, makes the calculation that 84 per cent, of the criminality is due directly or indirectly to the liquor traffic. Then, 84 per cent, of that cost of mainten- ance in Ontario amounts to $105,515 every year, which, at a low estimate, the Province of Ontario pays out for the maintenance of that portion of its criminals in jails, prisons and reformatories, which is found, as we may conclude after proper investigation, to be caused by the liquor traffic. More than '.liar, sir, the asylums in Ontario had in them last year 2,890 inmates, and the cost of their mainten- an'-e was $283,040. The Karl of Shaftesbury, who for a loni- ume served on the commission of lunacy in (Ireat Britain, and who was, I think, for about twenty years its chairman, gave as his opinion that three-fifths of the insanity in Oreat Britain was due, directly or indirectly, to the li(iuor traflFic. I am assuming here but 50 per cent., showing in the case of Ontario the sum of $136,520. Adding that to the cost of the maintenance of criminals due to the li(|uor traffic, gives $242,035 as the cost of the maintenance of crime and in.sanity in Ontario paid for by the Ontario government as the proportion of cost which is due to the litpior traffic. Sir, it cannot he said of any other traffic or business in the world that it is responsible for anything approaching that amount of crime, and for the burden of crime which is placed upon the different coun- tries in tb ■ world for its maintenance, its watching, and its punishment. More than that : In 188 1, sir, we find that the arrests in all the cities of Ontario footed up to 13,196, and of those the arrests for drunkenness and drunkenness and disorderly conduct alone numbered 6,926, giving 45 per cent, of the total criminality in the cities of Ontario in that year as being fi)r drunkenness and drunkenness and disorderly conduct alone. You may go outside of that, and find that all the crimes which come from this as a proximate or indirect cause ; but that is sufficient, and it will show you that the vast burden entailed u|)on our provinces and our cities for the watching, and guarding, and maintenance of criminals comes directly from this traffic, and it comes from no other traffic which we have in this country. THKREFORK NO I.KCilTlMATK CLAIM. It is upon that ground, sir, that Prohibitionists are able to contend that they have a right to stop the use of property which is devoted to a purpose the ultimate outcome of which brings so many burdens and entails so great an expense on the community. The traffic is not a traffic of our creati jn. It has usurped control against the protests of the people ; it has remained in spite of the warnings of the people ; it has fed and grown rich by the spoliation of the people. 'I'he pro[)erty in it is not reciuired or to be taken for public usi;s, and therefore should have no compensation. The property, as the ultimate outcome shows, is devoted to the injury of the body politic, and consecjuently the people and the government have a right to curtail it, destroy it, and give it no compensation in return. A HRACTlCAt. gUKSTION. Who is to pay this compensation ? I will put a practical (luestion to my honorable friend, the mover of this resolu- tion. Will he take with him the 130 brewers and distillers and go down to any county in this Dominion, call the hard- working people together in assembly, and stand up before i; ; li 88 PROHIBITION LEADERS them on the platform, and looking into their faces, over which have passed years of experience, say to them ; " Here am I and these poor brewers and distillers who want com- pensation ; you propose now not to allow them to brew or distil any more, and we propose, now that they have a capital of five, six or twelve million dollars, to call upon you, poor, hard-working people, to put your hands into your pockets and compensate them." How many votes does my honorable friend suppose he would get from the hard-working men of this country in favor of such a proposition ? They would reply that all these men had acquired all they had accumulated in years past, had first passed through the hands of the working men. had been wrested from the fruits of their hard toil ; they would say that there had been no tribute laid upon this country so heavy as this which they paid out of their homes and their earnings ; they would reply that they did not propose to add to the burdens they had already borne this unnecessary burden to compensate men who are now rich, and whose riches had been accumulated by means of this traffic. They would say : " We forgive you the past ; we ask no restitution for injuries done us ; but leave us the future, and let us live happily and prosperously, and l)ecome independent, without having this abuse from past ages, this slavery than which no slavery is so grinding, or so far-reuching in its effects, further perpetuated. " "^mMm PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL. By W. H. Withrow, M. A. " Death deputes Intempeiance to do the work of Age ; And hanging up the iiuiver Nature gave him, As slow of execution, for despatch Sends forth licensed butchers ; bids them slay Their sheep (the silly sheep they fleeced l)efore). And toss him twice ten thousand at a meal. " Oh ! what heaps of slain Cry out for vengeance on us." — Young. IN THIC i-'lucidation of this subject I shall be largely dependent upon the testimony of the medical profes- sion, who possess advantages for its study beyond those of any mere lay observer ; and many of whom have done dis- tinguished service to the cause of temperance by their laborious researches and able publications on this important question. The highest chemical and medical testimony warrants the assertion that alcohol is always and only a poison, and invariably acts as such on the animal economy. It is so classified in all the great works on Toxicology in Orfila, Christison, Regnault, Taylor, Lellemand, Perrin, Duroy, and almost everyone who has written upon the subject. It is generally characterized as an irritant narcotic, or more fre(iiiently narcotico-acrid poison, and is classed with such substances as strychnine, nightshade, tobacco, opium, aconite, cocculus indicus, and hellebore. Dr. Carpenter expresses the result of his induction from the phy.siological laws of the system and from a vast number of experiments as follows: - "The action of alcohol upon the animal body in health is essentially poisonous; producing such a disturbance in the regular course of vital action, as, when a sufficient dose or succession of doses is administered, becomes fatal." He further asserts, that " the condition of drunkenness in all its stages is one of poisoni g." " The sedative action of alcohol on the brain," says Christison, one of the highest authorities on Toxicology, constitutes it a powerful narcotic poison. For its effects as such, if rapidly brought on by a large dose, there is no antidote known." " Alcohol," says Dr. Story, " is a very powerful irritant narcotic poison," and he cites in corroboration of his assertion, the British, Dublin, and French dispen.satories, and those of Germany, Italy, Russia and the United States, Dungleson's and Copeland's medical dictionaries, and other authorities of eminence. Indeed I do not know of a responsible medical writer," he concludes, "who dares to say it is not a poison."* " The shBck of a large dose of alcohol on the nervous system," says Professor Miller, acts like a blow on the head or a kick on the stomach. The hearts stops, life ceases. Prussic acid is not more deadly." After describing the phenomena of drunkenness, he remarks : " These are examples of plain poisoning — a common word which carries an alarming sound ; but put into it a classical shape, and it .seems much less formidable. ' Was he poisoned ?' 'Oh no I only intoxicated.' And yet the words mean, literally, the same thing ; the latter being derived from the latin toxicum, or poison." It is thus used of any poisonous agent, as "arsenical or mercurial intoxication," or poisoning. Dr. Munroe says, "Alcohol is a powerful narcotic poison ; and if a large dose be taken, no antidote is known." Dr. (". A. Lee asserts that "all writers on materia medica rank it among the most powerful and fatal of narcotic vegetable jjoisons." " It would be difficult to find a more destructive poison than ardent spirits," says Dr. Cordon. "Their local effects," says Professor Perreia, "are those of a powerfully irritant and caustic poison." " Prussic acid and ardent spirits," says Dr. Johnson, "are equally poisons ;" " and they act upon the system," says Dr. C.rinrod, " in the .same way." Dr. Percy gives several striking examples of its virulent effects on the animal economy. He injected two and one- half ounces of alcohol into the stomach of a full-grown spaniel, and the animal immediately fell lifeless to the ground. "Never," he says, "did I see every spark of vitality more effectually and more instantaneously extin- guished." The mode in which death occurred was almost precisely identical with that of poisoning with a strong dose of pru.ssic acid. The effects upon man are no less deadly. Dr. Cooke cites the case of a man who dropped down dead almost immediately after drinking a quart of gin ; and Prof. Orfila cites that of two soldiers who died, one on the spot and •" Alcohol : Its nature and effects." New York : 1868, pp. 76-80. 9° PROHIBITION LEADERS III 'iff' iff 'S ■' the other while lieinx conveyed to the hospital, after drinking about seven pints of brandy. " Few persons," says Dr. Campbell, " have any idea of the number of deaths which are contituially taking place from the direct results of alcoholic intoxication or poisoning. In one year we find no fewer than two hundred and seventy-eight deaths in England and Wales .set down to this lause, and there is too much reason for believing that this number is far from representing the whole amount." There were also recorded five hundred and sixteen deaths from delirium tremens - the result of alcohol poisoning. The sneer of veteran topers - that if alcohol is a poi.son it is a very slow one — is thus proved to be without foundation. Hut even if it were .so, it is none the less deadly and sure. "Alcohol in all its combinations," says Dr. Clrinrod, "is a positive and effectual poison. The moderate proportion in which it may be taken does not do away with its injurious consecjuences. They are, in the end, more destructive because less observed and less guarded against." More fre(iuently, it is true, the effects of alcohol are less immediately fatal. An the results of its use, the man may sink into a state of coma, or l)ecome " dead drunk," from which condition he may rally, but with shattered nerves and injured brain. Or, without having ever been even into.xi- cated, in its ordinary signification, his system may become thoroughly empoisoned, the deadly virus coursing through each envenomed vein, till he sinks into a condition of "alcoholismus chronicus," as it has been called, or chronic alcohol poisoning. The physical and mental condition of the confirmed drinker indicate the deadly nature of this accustomed beverage. A constant giddiness affects his brain, and he is smitten with partial paralysis. He has lo.st control of the voluntary mu.scles, especially those of locomotion and speech, as is evidenced by his staggering gait and inco- herent utterance. The hands are affected with a nervous tremor, and the features, which give such expression to the countenance, especially the lips, nose and eyelids, are subject to convulsive twitching and involuntary (iuiveri.:[r The senses arc blunted and sight and hearing impaired. The mental faculties are weakened. The sleep is capricious and disturbed. Strength, appetite and energy fail, and can only l)e stimulated for a time by recourse to the baneful draught that is destroying the body. The skin becomes shrivelled, sallow and leaden, or fiery and blotched ; the eye becomes bleared, yellow and vacant ; the whole form bloated and sensual, and (lod's noblest handiwork is blasted by the accursed poison of alcohol. "Arsenic," says Professor Miller, "could not .sap life more surely, and all this may be done without the victim having even been once absolutelv drunk." No sin beam more strikingly the brand of (iod's dis- pleasure and the stigma of di.sgrace. The victims of this sensual vice all carry about with them, like the mark of Cain, their visible condemnation. " The show of their countenance doth witness against them." " What a piece of work," exclaims our great dramatist, " is man ! How noble in reason ! How infinite in faculties ! In form and moving, how express and admirable I In action, how like an angel ! In ap|)rehension, how like a god ! " Yet all this beauty, nobility and dignity are marred, defaced and trampled out by the foul hoof of the .sensual fiend, inteni|)crance. The naturally [joisonous character of alcohol is increased by the abominable system of adulteration which is univer- sally practiced. Even the purest alcohol contains an admixture of fusil oil, the proiluct of distillation, which is a. far more dangerous and deadly poison still. Besides this, the most potent and acrid poisons are adiled to increase the intoxicating (|ualities, and to create and stimulate an artificial thirst which "grows by that on which it feeds." The bare enumeration of these deadly drugs is perfectly appalling. The following are some of those most frecjuently used, as derived from the lx;st authorities on the subject: "Oil of vitriol, oil of cassia, oil of turpen- tine, oil of juniper, oil of almonds, cajisicuni, grains of paradise, logwood, oxides of lead, sugar of lead, cocculus Indicus, copperas, henbane, nux vomica, opium, green vitriol, alum, belladonna and stramonium ; nitric, sulphuric prussic. acetic, tartaric, citric and butyric acids ; nitric, sul- phuric and acetic ethers ; cochineal, black ants, causti(" potash, pearlash, tannic acid and carbonic of lime." There is ample evidence that every one of the above- named noxious drugs, and many others besides, are used in the adulteration of licjuor. " Twenty-five per cent of the intoxicating (]uality of whisky in America," says Dr. Story, " is derived from strychnine ; some was so strongly impreg- nated that the slop killed the hogs that draYik it." " The sophistication of wine by two terrible poisons, viz., corrosive sublimate and ansenic," says David Booth, "is practiced by the Dutch for the purpo.se of preserving them in a sound state." An analysis of two ounces of wine from the cellar of Sir James Douglas, in Edinburgh, gave one grain and a (luarter of sulphate of arsenic. This adulteration takes place largely in malt li(|uors as well as in wine and spirits. Dr. ("ox, of Cincinnati, Ohio, who was appointed by the legislature chemical inspector of li(|uors, says : " I have made over six hundred inspections, and I positively assert that over ninety per cent, of all I have analyzed were adult- erated with the most pernicious and poisonous ingredients." He analyzed some whisky and found seventeen per cent, alcohol, when it should have been fifty per cent., and the difference made up of sulphuric .icid and other virulent poisons. "One pint of such li(|uor," he says, "would kill the strongest man." He analyzed some seignette brandy. A steel blade left in the licjuor fifteen minutes turned it black as ink. The steel itself was corroded and covered with a deposit of copper almost as thick as if plated. In 1866 London consumed twice as much port wine as was shipped from the whole Douro valley in the same year; the most of it was the salubrious vintage of the London wine and spirit vaults." " He who practices this dangerous sophistication," says Accum, "adds the crime of murder to PROHIBITION LEADERS 91 tliat of fraud, and delil)erately sows the seeds of disease and death among those who contribute to liis emolument." Dr. Hunter, of London, states that an epidemic which attacked nearly every man of three regiments in Jamaica was traced by him to the presence of lead in the rum. Dr. Warren speaks of twenty persons sickened by lead in white wine, one of whom died, and one became paralytic. Many other instances of deaths caused by adulterations might also he cited. But in other ways, besides active poisoning, alcohol induces disease, and creates a morbid condition of the body generally, and especially of the nervous system. Indeed, Dr. (lordon, of the London hospital, estimates that fully seventy-five per cent, of the existing diseases are distintctly referable to its use. " I never got a patient by water drinking," says Dr. (Iregory, "but thousands by strong drink." Let us notice a few of the more characteristic effects of alcohol on the different organs of the body. In consecjuence of tiie excess of labor imposed upon the lungs, in the effort to eliminate the imbibed alcohol from the system the blood is not properly dejiurated by the action of the air ; but continues to circulate through the body laden with effete and corrupt matter, preventing proper nutrition, and impairing the action of the entire organism. Structural disea.se of the lungs themselves is often thus induced. Dr. Mcintosh, Sir lames Clark antl I)rs. Buchan and McLean attribute much of the prevailing pneumonia and tuberculosis to the use of alcoholic drinks. The liver, which is also one of the great purifying organs of the body, shares the common injury, and becomes par- ticularly subject to disease. One of the most frequent forms of this is an engorgi-d ami i ingested condition, often <'aus- ing acute or chronic inflammation. I'Vecjuently, under the indurating influence of alcoiiol, the liver is subject to atrophy, and shrinks to half its usual size. Sometimes, also, an enormous enlargement takes place from the deposition of unhealthy fat, technically known as " drunkard's liver " or "gin liver." Indeed, grain soaked in spirits is often given to fowls by poultry-dealers, for the express purpose of enlarging the size of the liver. Dr. Fife, of Edinburg, reports having examined a human liver of fifty pounds weight, eight or ten times the natural size; yet the man had died with a deficiency of bile. That secretion is often changed in spirit-drinkers from a bright yellow, limpid fluid, to the color and consistency of tar. The presence of alcohol also injures the other excretory organs, and is the froiuent cause of renal affections, especially that known as Bright's disease. Dr. Christison states that over three-fourths of all the cases that he met with were among habitual drunkards. Alcoholic stimulation has also a tendency to produce inflammation of the valves and great vessels of the heart, arj many morbid deposits; and especially to induce ossificaliori and fatty degeneration of that vital organ. It is the freiiuent cause of aneurism, and also of accelerated action and exce.ssive inflammation of the heart. P'rom these causes, the life of many confirmed inebriates is not worth an hour's purchase, and they may at any moment drop down dead. dreat injury is also done to the digestive powers by the use of alcoholic li(|uors, in neutralizing the gastric juice, and overtaxing the glands by which it is secreted. But the harm does not end here. The structure of the stomach itself is subject to organic injury. If alcohol l)e applied to the abraded surface of the body, or to the mucous mem- brane, it will irritate and inflame. Just so it affects the tender and sensitive lining of the stomach and alimentary canal. Their wonderful n'jtwork of vessels becomes engorged, inflamed and siimulated to unnatural activity. Thickening and induration ensue; and, finally, schirrhus, cancer and ulceration follow. The stomach rejects all food, and instead of bland and normal secretions, puts forth acrid and purulent discharges. These effects were visibly apparent in the living organ of Alexis .St. Martin, in who've stomach an opening caused by a gun-shot wound never t iosed up. After even a temporary indulgence in liquor, general inflammation, and vitiated secretions were observed, and this, notwithstanding his generally sober character. How much worse must be the condition of confirmed drunkards I The .same appearance is exhibited in post-mortem e.icaminations of persons addicted to li([uor. The skin is especially liable to disease from determina- tion of blood to the surface, congestion of the subcutaneous vessels, and defective nutrition. The face, from its exposure to external cold, is the more subject to this affection; hence its mottled and purplish appearance in bon vivants, as, by a monstrous perversion of language, they are called, who violate every princi])Ie of right living. The rum blossoms and fungoid growths, the carbuncles and tumors to which dram-drinkers are subject, have been well denominated "the signals which nature holds out in token of internal distress," and are the safety-valves for the escape of the "peccant humors of the blood." The victims of intemiierance are also especially liable to erysipelatous affections, and have the honor of giving the name to a special disease Psora Ebriorum, or drunkard's itch. They are also peculiarly subject to gout, rheumatism, and other arthritic affections caused by the presence of morbid matter in the blood. There are certain disorders of perverted nutrition, directly caused by alcoholic liquors, which are strangely enough consideretl evidences of their healthful and bene- ficial effects. The exce.ssive corpulence of many wine and spirit drinkers is actually a disease, instead of a symptom of health. It is unnatural, destroys the grace and symmetry of the body, and makes its unwieldly subject less fit for the active duties of life. The fat globules in the blood are prodigiously multiplied. In healthy blood there should only be from two to four parts in a thousand ; in that of a drunkard, Lecann, the distinguished French chemist, found a hundred and seventeen parts in a thousand or forty times as much as ought to be. Freeiuently the muscular fibre i;^ I ■■' 92 I'ROHIHiriON LKADERS itself is changed into fat, and becomes soft and doughy, and loses its contractile energy. The vital orga.is have their structure impaired hy fatty degeneration ; the walls of the blood-vessels become changed and readily give way under undue pressure a freiiuent cause of apoplexy; - and even the substance of the heart is transformed into fat, and that organ becomes soft, flabby and sluggish, and finally altogether fails. Dr. C.'hambers says, "Alcohol produces fatty degenera- tion more than any other agent; and three-fourths of the chronic diseases of England and America are in some way combined with fatty degeneracy, and chiefly with those who use ardent .spirit." But the long dark catalogue of diseases produced by alcohol is not yet complete. " Time would fail me," says Dr. Sewell, "were I to attempt an account of half the patho- logy of drunkenness. Dyspepsia, jaundice, emaciation, corpulence, dropsy, ulcers, rheumatism, gout, tumors, palpitation, hysteria, epilepsy, palsy, lethargy, apoplexy, melancholy, madness, delirium tremens, and premature old age, compose but a small [)art of the catalogue of diseases produced by alcoholic drinks. Indeed, there is scarcely a morbid affection to which the human body is liable, that has not, in one way or another, been produced by them ; there is not a disease but they have aggravated, not a predis- position to disea.se which they have not called into action." In confirmation of this appalling statement. Dr. Story cites the authority of thirty-seven eminent medical writers, who have borne their testimony to the same effect, and added several deadly diseases to the ghastly list, including hypochondriasis, cirrosis of the liver, gastritis, pyrosis, apoplexy, and even caries and necrosis of the bones. Dr. Kirk, of dreenock, says that the disea.ses produced by alcohol are " far more destructive than any plague which ever raged in chri.stendom, more malignant than any other epidemic pestilence which ever devastated our suffering race, whether in the shape of the burning and contagious typhus, the loathsome and mortal small-pox, the cholera of the east, or the yellow-fever of the west." "Not a blood-vessel," says Dr. Mussey," however minute, not a thread of nerve in the whole animal machine escapes the influence of alcohol." Thus is realized the awful vision in " Paradise Lost," in which Michael shows Adam the fearful evils which should ■come upon the world in con.sequence of his transgression : " Some by violent stroke shall die ; Bjr fire, flood, famine, by intemperance more, . . . . which on earth shall bring Diseases dire, .... all maladies Of ghastly spasm, or racking torture, qualms Of heart-sick agony, all feverous kinds. Convulsions, epilepsis, fierce catarrhs. Demoniac frenzy, moping melancholy And moon-struck madness, pining atrophy. Marasmus and wide-wasting pestilence, Dropsies, and asthmas, and joint-racking rheums. " However apparently healthy and robust the dram drinker may be, he is a walking deception. The powers of life are already enfeebled, and when disease takes hold of him, he at once sinks in the contest. " These are the rea.sons," .says Dr. Sewell, " why the drunkard dies so easily and from such slight causes. A sudden cold, a pleurisy, a fever, a fractured limb, or a slight wound of the skin, is often more than his shattered powers can endure. I am persuaded that tens of thousands of temperate drinkers die annually of diseases through which the abstemious would p.iss in safety." •'The London iK-er drinker," says Dr. (Irinrod, " is all one vital part. He wears his heart u|)on his sleeve, Iwre to a death wound, even from a rusty nail or the claws of a cat. The worst patients in the hospitals are those apparently fine models of health, strength, and soundness, the London draymen." One of those, a perfect giant in strength, was called for his Herculean si/e " Hig Hen." " Hut Hen was brought down by an injury that could not have .scathed a child. One day his hand received a slight graze from the wheel of a carriage the skin was only ruffled. Hen wiped away the starting blood, and thought no more of the matter ; in one week thereafter Hen was in his grave."* Another man of similar character died from an injury in his finger from a splinter of a stave. Not only do alcoholic stimulants predispose to disease, they also accelerate its progress and neutralize remedial agency. Nor do these deleterious effects of alcohol terminate with the wretched victims themselves. They are transmitted to their innocent offspring. The unborn babe is blighted in the mother's womb ; or, if it see the light, the maternal fount of nourishment is empoisoned by the baleful spirit, and the tend3r infant drinks in disease with its mother's milk. The alcoholic craving becomes hereditary in the family^ increasing in intensity, if the cause be continued, till the race tiecomes extinct. Thus the genealogical tree presents successive generations of drunkards, which have been traced back for one hundred and fifty years. 'I'his is strikingly illustrated in the degenerate house of Valois. Intemperate parents not only degrade and destroy them- selves ; they transmit a like degeneration and misery to their offspring. The .sentiment of Plutarch, uttered two thousand years ago, is still true, Ehrii gignunt ebriot. This is but an illustration of that older truth ; " The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge," and " The iniiiuity of the fathers is visited upon the children unto the third and fourth generation." The.se children receive, in baleful inheritance from iheir parents, their nervous excitability and craving for artificial stimulus, and the physical weakness and infirmity of will which renders them less able to resist the fatal indulgence. 'I'hus, like the ever-expanding circle caused by a stone in a placid lake, the fearful taint spreads wider and wider, through the generations of time, till whole communities are infected, and national degeneracy and decay ensue. Thus the aboriginal races of America are melting away like snow •" Bacchus," p. 281. R: I! «i ... PROHIBITION LEADERS 93 tiefore the summer's sun, Ix-'forc the white man's accursed fire-water and the diseases which it engendeis and extends. The same results have followed in once iiojialous islands of the Southern sea, and they are not unicnown even in civilized communities. It is also an induction from wide and varied experience, that alcoholic li({uors diminish the -'jwer of resistance to morhific agency, predispose the body to epidemic and other diseases, and lessen the probahility of recovery from their attacks. These serious conseiiuences result from the vitiated condition of the blood, and from the impoverished general nutrition of the body. The accumulation of waste material in the system is itself a cause of physical depravity, and favors the invasion of disease ; and we have seen the remarkable tendency of alcohol to prevent the removal of such effete matter. Not only are [)ersons who indulge in wine or spirituous drinks especially liable to inflammatory attacks, but these attacks are peculiarly disposed to run on to a fatal termination, "in conse(iuence," says Dr. Car- penter, "of the deficient plasticity of the blood, of the low assimilate power of the solids, and of the general depression of the whole vital energy, resultmg from habitual over-excitement." Many disc;' 's, especially those of a zymotic character, which swell so largely the bills of mortality, and embrace fevers of every kind, from the ordinary ague to the virulent typhus, and the less frequent but more terrible cholera, are caused by the presence of the decomposing organic matter in the blood, which seems to act as a sort of ferment, corrupting and empoisoning the whole of that vital fluid Indeed, the word zymotic it.self signifies "caused by fer, ment." Now, alcoholic liijuors act, in a two-fold way, as the strongest inducement to the development of these diseases ; in the first place, by actually ini|)orting the fermented, that is, the decayed matter into the blood ; and, secondly, by preventing its depuration in the lungs. "Hence," says Dr. Carpenter, " it may be stated with confidence, that the tendency of alcohol is to contaminate the blood with the refuse generated in the body itself, whose due elimination it checks, no less effectually than the heaping together of a mass of putrefying rubbish in our cellars, or damming up our sewers, or any other means of causing the fever germs to take root and flourish in our system." " Every species of inflammatory and putrid fever," says Dr. Rush, "is rendered more freciuent and more dangerous by the use of spirituous liquors. Hard drinkers seldom esca[)e and rarely recover." "Ardent spirit," says Dr. Bilden, "is to be ranked among the class of exciting causes of epidemic and pestilential diseases." " Half the men who die of fevers," says a.-.'^ther physician of forty years' practice, " might recover had they not been in the habit of using ardent spirit." A West India officer states that "four hundred and fifty men out of a thousand in his regiment were buried in four months almost entirely from the use of rum." But in no case are the baneful effects of alcohol more strikingly manifest than during an invasion of that scourge of the race, Asiatic cholera. No fact of medical science has been more clearly demonstrated than the striking influence of drinking habits in inviting the attacks of that dreadful pestilence. Nor is it necessary that the habit should be more than that of what is considered very moderate drinking ; for the noxious matter, prevented from escaping by the presence of alcohol, accumulates in the body till it becomes the active generator of di.sease from which the subject might otherwi.se have escaped. 1 )r. lironson, of Albany, who came to Montreal to study the phenomena of cholera, writes from that place as follows: "("holera has stood up here, as it has done everywhere, the advocate of temoerance. It has pleaded most eloiiuently, and with tremendous eflect. The disease has searched out with unerring certainty the haunt of the drunkard, and has seldom left without bearing away its victims. Even moderate drinkers have l)een but little better off. Intem- perance has been a more productive cause of cholera than any other, or, indeed, than all others. There seems to Ix; a natural affinity between cholera and ardent spirit." Of a thou.sand victims in Montreal, only two were members of a temperance society ; and not one drunkard who was attacked escaped. In Albany the mortality averaged one in fifty of the inhabitants, but only one in twenty-five hundred among the total abstainers. In New- York, of over five hundred cases in the cholera hospital, only two weie members of the temperance society. In New Orleans, among hundreds who were swept away, but two were total abstainers. On the Mississippi steamboats, brandy was extensively used as a prophylactic against cholera, but with precisely the reverse of the desired effect. The mortality on board these vessels was frightful and unjirecedented. One boat lust forty-three, another forty-seven, and a third, fifty-nine of her passengers and crew in a single trip. In St. John, New Brunswick, seventeen hundred persons died of cholera in six weeks, and in ten days one district was literally decimated. While the temperance community was remarkably free from attack, and even when taken often recovered, the drunkards were swept down by hundreds, and when attacked hardly ever re- covered. So intimate is the connection between alcohol and cholera, that the board of health in Washington, during its prevalence, declared the vending of ardent spirits m any quantity a nuisance, and prohibited its sale for the space of ninety days. The cholera statistics of Oreat Britain and other countries indicate similar results. It is estimated that five- sixths of the victims of this fatal disease in the British Isles were taken from the ranks of the intemperate and the dissolute. In Scotland while the average of cholera deaths in the general population was one in a hundred, among abstainers it was only one in two thousand, or only one-twentieth of the number. r r ^ % Hi' rl V , *! n ,! 11. rc-if -^ ^Hh If' ffp 1" .r; m H ii; 1 94 PROHIHITION I.KADKRS In Newcastle the deaths were one in fifty six of the general population, anil only one in two thousand six hundred and twenty-five of the abstainers. The temperate, even when attacked, have a much better chance to recover. In (Jlasgow the |)ercentage of recoveries among the tem|>erate was So. 8 per cent, or over four-fifths; among the intem()erate it was only 8.8 per cent, or about one-twelfth. .•\ single day of general dissipation was followed by an alarming increase in cholera cases. The festivities of ("hristmas and New Year's day, with their unusual indul- gence in liquors, and the excess of the Sabbath, were found to increase the mortality frightfully. "So strong is my opinion," says Dr. Anderson, of (llasgow, "that alcoholic drinks are the most powerful pre- disposing cause of malignant cholera, that, had I the power, 1 would placard every spirit shop in town with large bills, containing the words 'Cholera sold here.' " One Cllasgow spirit dealer said, that cholera had cut off more th."in li.ilf o( his customers. One street in Newcastle was swept of drunkards, with few exceptions, from one enil to the other. In Manchester, the mortality among the hospital nurses was excessive till their potations of linuor were stopped, after which not one case occurred. In Paris the t'^irty thou.sand cholera victims were mostly the intem- perate. In Poland nine-tenths of those who died of cholera were spirit-drinkers. M. Huber, who said two thous;ineen a member of a Methodist Church; an indefatigable Sunday-school teacher ; a prayer-leader to whose earnest appeals for the salvation of others I had often listened with pleasure and edification. Now what a wreck ! Turned out of the church, in which he was once an ornament, his religion sacrificed, his usefulness marred, his hopes of eternity blasted, a poor dejected slave to his passion for drink, without mercy and without hope ! i'-.m you wonder, then, that I never order strong drink for a latient now ?" And such is by no means an infrequent result. Several similar cases have come under my own notice, and the testi- mony of the clergymen of the province of Canterbury as.serts that " Many reformed drunkards have relapsetl into their old condition, through the u.se of strong drink recommended by their medical advisers." If the remedial agency of alcohol were as great as is popularly asserted, such disastrous consecjuences as those above mentioned would have to be regarded as necessary evils to be set off by greater benefits ; but the highest medical authority entirely denies such remedial agency to alcoholic liquors. We have already seen that as aids to imiwired digestion, as tonics to the .sy,steni, or as nourishing beverages for the invalid, they are not only u.seless, but a' -Jtely injurious. Dr. Higginbottom, of the Royal Col- lege of Surgeons after sixty years of practice writes : " Alcohol has no s|K"cific effect on any organ of the body, for the cure of disease. On the contrary, every disease is aggravated by it. and many are generated by its use. I consider it impious in any medical man to say that any constitution reijuircs alcoholic stimulants. ' It is a well-established fact that wherever the two systems of medical treatment, with and withoiU alcohol, have U'en tried in the same class of diseases, the su|)erior effi^cts of the latter are strikingly apparent. Dr. (lairdner, of the Univer- sity of (ilasgow, and surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, had six hundred cases of typhus under his care. One half he treated with alcoholic tinctures and medicines, and lost seventeen jjcr cent. The other half he treated with the same niedif four hundred and three cases so treated in the Royal infirmary, ICilinburgh, one hundred and one died, or twenty-five per cent.; and in the dlasgow infirmary fifty per cent. died. Dr. I'eddie treated eighty cases without alcohol or opiates, and lost none. Dr. I.aycock treated twenty-seven and Dr. Dunglison, of Philadelphia, eighty-three in the same manner, and lost none ; or one hundred and ninety altogether, every one of which recovered. J "In cases of cholera," says Dr. Hell, of Philadelphia, " the alcoholic practice is murderous." Under its influence the mortality ranged from thirty to sixty-seven per cent., " while the water treatment, tried in over a thousand cases, was not attended with a greater mortality than one per cent." S Dr. Hennett says ; " I, for one, believe that there is no curable ilisease but may be treated and cured better without alcohol than with it." I )r. Harclay, of Stonebridge, writes : " For twenty-one years 1 have banished alcohol from my practice. During that time I have made not less than a hundred and eighty thousand visits, and I am free to say that the recoveries have been far more numerous and rapid than they were during the five years I followed the usual practice and gave brandy, wine and beer." Dr. Townsend, of Chester almshouse, says: "I have used no alcoholic litjuors in this house for twenty months, and there have lx;en fewer deaths than in any period of the same length of time for twenty years." * Story ; Alcohol, its Nature and Effects, p. 162. t " Is Alcohol a Medicine?" London, 1866, p. 109. J; " Is Alcohol a Medicine? " p. 112. § Ibid., p. 123. 96 PROHIBITION I. KA DICKS ! ' Similar testimony might be indefinitely extended, but want of space forbids.* Another popular fallacy, that ale, beer or porter are necessary for nursing mothers, is also by the highest authorities pronounced to t)e incorrect. "The administration of alcohol," says Dr. Carpenter, "with the object of 'supporting the system' during lactation is 'a mockery, a delusion and a snare,' for alcohol furiiislies no single element of the secretion, and is much more likely to impair than to improve its (juality." Another great evil resulting from the prevalent prescrip- tion of alcohol in sickness is that many come to regard it as also good in health and anticipate the physician's orilers all the more readily because the poison is dispensed, not by the apothecary, like other drugs, but by the licensed victualler as a customary l)everage. Be it further observed, that even where no apparent disease is developed, the habitual use of alcohol, even in what is called strict moderation, tends invariably, not only to impair the bodily vigor, but greatly to abridge the period of human life. Dr. Cheyne, of Dublin, gave it as his opinion, after thirty years of practice and observation, that should ten young men begin at twenty-one years of age to use but two ounces of li(iuor a day, and never increase the (juantity, nine out of ten would shorten life more than ten years. Dr. Kirk states that many who were never considered intemperate by daily drinking have shortened life more than twenty years ; and that the " respectable use" of this poison kills more men than even drunkenness. " Many men," says Dr. McNish, "fancy themselves strictly temperate, while they are undermining their constitutions, killing them- selves by inches, and shortening their existence several years." Occasionally some veteran toper is pointed to as an illustration of the innocuousness of intoxicating li(|uor, with the accompanying sneer that alcohol must Ijc a very slow poison indeed, or it would long ago have poisoned him. But such longevity among topers, is an exception, and a very rare one, to the proposition above asserted. One such vaunting tippler, when asked what had become of his early comrades, confessed that he had buried three generations of them, and another that he had survived six generations of his boon companions. Such exceptional cases are only the devil's decoy ducks, and no more prove that the health is uninjured by drinking than the unwounded soldier that there is no danger in battle. The aggregate number of human lyings whose lives are thus cut off untimely it is appalling to contemplate. A docu- ment i.ssued by the United Kingdom Alliance states the numl)er of drunkards in Oreat Britain to be 600,000, and the number of lives destroyed by intoxicating liiiuor every year to be 60,000. The whole nation was plunged into * Numerous examples of diseases incurable under alcoholic treat- ment which yielded readily to total abstinence are recorded by Dr. Ellis, of London, in Tweedie's Temperance Year Book for 1870, pp. 30-35- mourning by the losses of the battle of Waterloo. Yet every year an army lour times greater than all who fell on that fatal day is swept into eternity amid general a(>athy, and by the licensed agents of the government. " The trafTic," says Dr. Ix'es, "creates an army of criminals more numerous and costly than our army of soldiers ; and causes an annual mor- tality two-fold greater than that which our army suffered in its two years' campaign in the Crimea, from the carnage of battle and the fatality of |)estilence combined." About fifteen persons die annually of hydrophobia, whose tragical fate probably attracts more attention than the sixty thousand victims of intemperance. This frightful destruction of life through drink is not the mere fantasy of a few temiR-rance fanatics. It is an import- ant factor in the calculations of those exceedingly practical persons, insurance actuaries. No insurance <'ompany will grant a policy to a person of intemperate habits, and the indulgence of such habits, if it be discovered, renders the |)oli(y null and void. W'liile the average annual rate of mortality, at the aj.;e of forty, in Oreat Britain is thirteen in a thousand, in the United Kingdom Temperance I, ifc office it is only six in a thousand. In six years this office has not had h:ilf as ninny deaths as any other office in the kingdom! On the recent division of the profits bonuses in this office were seventeen per cent. larger than in the other life offices. That distinguished actuary, Mr. Neison, in a paper read before the Statistical Society of London, compares the rela- tive mortality of the intemperate cla.sses and the general population. He says that from twenty-one to thirty years of age their mortality is five times that of the general com- munity ; and from thirty to fifty it is four times greater. If the comparison were with tiie strictly temperate the contrast would be greater still. In Olasgow the reduction of duty on spirits increased the mortality in a single year from three thousand six hundred and ninety to four thou.sand six hundred and seventy, or nearly twenty-five per cent. "Or, in other words," says Dr. Lees, "the mere expansion of the traffic killed in one year nine hundred and eighty people in a single city of Christendom." The experience of " sick clubs " also bears testimony to the effects of intemperance in increasing the amount of dis- ease. From a comparison of the.se it appears that among drinkers two hundred and thirty-three in a thousand are annually sick ; among the abstainers only a hnndred and thirty-nine. Moreover, the duration of illness among the drinkers was one thousand seven hundred and seventy weeks, among the teetotalers four hundred and fifty-eight weeks, or only one-fourth the amount Similar is the experience of coroners. " Nearly nine- tenths of the inijuests I have held for the las twenty years," says Mr. Heyes, of Preston, "except those on children and colliery accidents, are on the bodies of persons who died from the effects of drink." "Clin makes me hold," said Mr. VVakely, a London coroner, " a thou.sand inquests annually more than I other- wise should hold. Besides these I have reason to believe PROHIBITION LEADERS .97 that from ten to fifteen thousand persons in this metropolis acity for reasoning, the convulsive movements, the partial [laralysis and illusions of sense, are all indications of extreme nervous derangment, such as exists in actual insanity. 'I'he very fortress of the mind and throne of the soul is invaded by this destructive agent ; and the saying of .Seneca is illustrated afresh : " Ednelas est volunlaria tHsania." Hence results that lo.ss of personal identity and general " obfuscation " of intellect, and imbecile maundering, which form the staple of so many of the anecdotes of drunkennes.s. This condition is illus- trated by the story of the tipsy laird who was thrown over his horse's head at the ford. Hearing a splash, he incjuired what it w.is. " Sure it's yoursel', maister," said his servant. " It canna Ik; me, Watty," he replied, with a drunken gravity, sitting in midstream," for I'm here." Another veracious legend records how a certain John Thompson was left in his wagon on the wayside, his horse having by some means b<;come iletached. Returning to semi-consciousness, he exclaimed, in pu/zled dilemma : " I am either John Thompson or I am not. If I am, I've lost a horse ; if I'm not, I've found a wagon." We are also informed of a gallant military officer, who, returning by moonlight from a convivial gathering, was observed laboriously leaping over the shadows of a long row of poplar trees. When accosted he was found bathed with perspiration, and almost exhausted with fatigue. He was under the apprehension that the black shadows icross the pathway were the sunken trenches of the enemy's earth- works. Prof. Miller tells of a man who was seriously impressed with the idea, not only that he was dead, but that some one had stolen his body. C!erlainly the noxious drug whi h produces such mental alx;rrations as the thousand vagaries and hallucinations of drunkenness indicate, must have an injurious permanent effect on the mind. Accordingly we find that this alienation of intellect fretiuently becomes chronic ; reason is hurled from her throne, and the man lives and dies a drivelling idiot or a raving maniac. From the remarkable affinity of alcohol for the nervous tissue, it especially affects the sub- stance of the brain, whose nutrition is thus perverted till the organ grows to this abnormal mode of operation. Even when the effect is not at first permanent, there is frecjuently a recurrence of maniacal paroxysms, which are almost cer- tain to end in confirmed insanity. To these paroxysms the name delirium ibriosum, or " drunken madness," has been applied. Another form which this madness may take is that of delirium tremens, generally the result of the exhaustion of nervous power from over-excitement. None who have wit- nessed the fearful ravings of its victims can ever forget the k ■ ;' ip:. m r <>8 I'ROHIHITION I-KADKRS J' i i horror* of that awful malady. The I)Io(h1 tlcpravLd liy alcohol reads upon the hraiii, whoxc vrssi-ls lH;<-onif engorged and irritatud. " I'hc nerves of ihe eye," says Dr. Story, " l)C(ome inflamed, and the man sees strange and awful sights, wild animals, fierce iR-asts, slimy and venomous ser|)ents, huge, lerrihle and hideous. The nerves of the ear Iwcome inflamed, and he hears strange and awful noises, the growling of monsters, the era< kling of (lames, the laughter of fiends. The nerves of the nose l)ec()me iiillamed, and he smells horrible stenches and smokes. The nerves of feeling be<-ome inflamed, and he feels the sharp points of spears, the edges of knives, the claws of dragons, the hot coals and bla/es of inextinguishable (ires. The nerves of the palate become irritated, and he tastes hitter herbs, acrid li(|u<)rs and fiery drugs." The imagination l)ecomes exalted and the conceptions of the terrible intensified, till all the horrors of Dante's vision of the realms of gloom of the weird kingdom of despair, " llydraa, ind gorgoni, ami chimerai dire " surround his soul. Anguish and liojieless remorse devour his heart, till raving, blaspheming, and piteously calling for protection against his ghostly foes, surrounded in fancy and it may \k; in fact, who shall gainsay it ? by gibliering, mocking, mowing fiends foul wizardry of hell and goblins damned, the wretched man expires. The soul thus bewil- dered and tortured is Cut off even in the l>louoin of its lina, Unhouseled, ditappoinled, unanei'd ; No reckoning made, but sent to its account With all itr, imperfections on its head ; and passes into the world of spirits, .-'nd to the Iwr of that just and holy Cod who has said in His word ; " No drunkard shall inherit the kingdom of Ciod." Well may we exclaim, with the royal Dane, as we contemplate this terrible doom: " Oh, horrible I Oh, horrible ! most horrible ! " Yet, in one year, in (Jreat Britain alone, there were four hundred and seventy-four deaths of this character and from this cause. The victim does not always die, however, but fre(iuently drags out a wretched existence with shattered nerves and a disordered brain, often in moping melancholy 'Or raging mania. Another form which this " wine madness " assumes is that known as dipsomania, or, more proi)erly, oinomania. This is an insatiate and incontrollable passion for enormous ■doses of stimulants. In the intervals of the paroxysm the liquor is regarded with loathing and disgust. During the insane impulse the craving is like that of a madman, all but irresistible ; and the subject Ikh omcs dangerous to himself and others, exhibiting a remarkable propensity to murder or suicide. A victim of this madness — for madness it is — once said to the present writer: " If hell were yawning before me, and I had to go through it to get liciuor, I'd go." It took four persons to restrain him from rushing, half- naked, into the street, in oriler to obtain it. Although when sober exceedingly moral, he would blaspheme like a (iend. On return to reason he would apologize with abject tears for his consing cause of insanity. Dr. Morel, of the Saltpetriere hospital, I'aris, says: " There is always a hopeless number of paralytic and other insane {x;rsons in our (French) hospitals, whose disease is due to no other cause than the abuse of alcoholic liquors." M. Behics, in a report on the physical cau.ses of insanity in France, says : " Of eight thousand eight hundred male PROHIBITION LEADERS lunatics, thirly-fuur {kt cent, were made insane by intem- |)cranrL'." 'I'hc proportion among the female Itinntics was not so ureal, Imt thirty per cent, of the other known causes, "domestic troubles," " di.sap|>ointed afTeition," "excessive grief," which chiefly affect women, were caused by drinking. Dr. McNish states the proportion of lunacy caused by drunkenness to be one half; and that lareful observer. Dr. ('ar|)t;nter, says: "We shall be within the truth if we attribute to it at least une-qu3rter of the whole numl)er uf cases." Dr. Cox, of Ohio, examined over four hundred cases of insanity before sending them to the state asylum, and says that "two-thirds of their number f)ecame insane through drink." Lord Sli.il'tsbury, commissioner of lunacy for over twenty years, .says that "fully six-tenths of all the insanity in (Ireat hritain and .America arose from no other cause than from the habits of intemperance in which the |)eople have indulged." The statistics of insanity prove that it corresponds in every country to the use of intoxicating liquors. Thus, in ("airo, where it is not used at all, there is only one lunatic in thirty thousand seven hundred and founteen persons ; whereas in Ireland, where the consumption of spirits is four gallons per head, there is one lunatic to every five hundred persons. In Spain, where the consumption is one gallon jK-r head, the proportion is one in seven thousand one hundred and eighty. According to the last United States census, there are in the republic twenty-four thousand insane persons. "Half of these," says Dr. Story, " l)ecame so from intoxicating drink. Twelve thousand raving maniacs from this evil .done, and this continually. One-third of them die every year, and new ones come to take their places. Three thousand a year cast into the awful vortex of madness, and three thousand more go raving and distracted into the jaws of death from this vice alone 1 " Moreover, according to the same census, there are twenty thousand idiots in the union, at least half of whom became so through drunkennes.s, either their own or their parents. For there is a remarkable hereditary predisposition to idiocy or imlK*cility in the children of habitual drunkards. This is conclusively shown by the often-cpioted statement of I )r. Howe, in his report of idiocy in Massachusetts. He says : " 'I'he habits of the parents of three hundred of the idiots were learned ; and one hundred and forty-five, or nearly one-half, were known to he habitual drunkards." There is also, we have seen from the vital ittati«tici of (Ireat Hritain, an exceeding susceptibility among spirit- drinkers to brain ow a ni^hl that knows no mom. I cannot lH;tter close this chapter than by ({uoting the following medical testimony which has been signed by over five thousand tirst-class physicians : , " We, the undersigned, are of opinion, "1. That a very large proportion of human misery, including poverty, ili>ease, and crime, is induced by Ihe use of alcoholic and fermented li<|Uor as leverages. " 2. That the most perfect health is compatible with total absli> nence from all such intoxicating leverages. " 3. That persons accustomed to such drinks may, with safety, discontinue them entirely. " 4. That total and universal abstinence from alcoholic beverages of all kinds would add greatly to the health, the prosperity, the morality, and the happiness of the human race." . >''l I 1 ! i* THE STUPENDOUS FAILURE OF HIGH LICENSE. By A. G. Wolfenbarger, Esq. \v I ill THE high hcense craze has run its course in the United States and has been subject to the most crucial tests that can be applied to any policy of legislation. It has been tried over twelve years and it- history may now be impartially written. THK FIRST HI(;H I.ICENSK STATE. The state of Nebraska, of which I am now, and have been for nearly fourteen years a citizen and resident, was the first to adopt high license as a general law. It was adopted as a compromise to defeat a prohibitory measure. It was not until after the practically accomplished defeat of [jrohi- bition in the Nebraska legislature of 1881, that Hon. John H. Finch, the great national leader of the prohibitionists, consented to try high license as a partial remedy for the appalling evils of intemperance. All the intelligent world o<" reformers know how deeply Mr. Finch regretted that he ever had anything to do with the statute, which literally "justifies the wicked for reward and takes away the right- eousness of the righteous from him." In 1885 Mr. Finch said: "I know I was terrib'y mistaken in my theories. Many of the delusions urged in defense of high license have been exploded by the trial of the law." A NOm.E OPINION. Hon. H. W. Hardy, ex-mayor of Lincoln, is commonly known as the "father of high license." He was a co- laborer and warm personal friend of P'inch. Mr. Hardy assisted in putting the law to the most favorable tests, only to find that it was the most stupendous failure of the age as a remedial agent for the wrongs and outrages of the li()uor traffic. He has for many years widely proclaimed his conversation, resulting from practical experience with the law. He discovered and called attention to the fact that high license does not decrease the unlicensed drinking places. There were at one time in Omaha ninety-one persons hold- ing United States government permits to sell licpiors, who had no license from any city or state authority whatever. In the city of Lincoln there were seventeen of the.se prima facie illicit vendors. Vet Omaha then had 276 regularly licensed saloons, paying $1,000 each for the privilege of running openly, Lincoln then had thirty-two such at $1,000 license each. It must not be forgotten that the lowest license fee for selling any intoxicating l)everages in Nebraska is $500 per year. In cities containing 10,000 or mon nopulation, the minimum license fee is $1,000, to be paid in advance (as are all liquor licenses) into the local treasury for the l)enefit of the school fund. Kx-mayor Hardy, in 1890, after nine years trial of the law, wrote : "There is now no longer any excuse for twing ileceived as we were. The Iraud h.is been tested and found wanting. I was first elecled mayor of Lincoln in 1877, and again re-elected at the close of my first term. I thought at the time I had done a good thing to reduce the number of saloons from 22 to 5, but when I found it did not lessen the curse, I saw my m stake. There arc just as many slabbings, shootings and pounded noses as ever there were, just as many broken homes, crying wives and ragged children. It is no great consolation to a houseless, hungry, crying wife to tell her that her husband got drunk on high license whiskey. High license is one of the devil's best devices to deceive good temperance people. Then to think I was his first agent on earth to start it ! Uon't you think I ought to do something to atone for such conduct ? " THK I'Ol.iriC.Vl, KATIlEk Oh THK LAW. The Nebraska law was presented and championed by Hon. (". H. Slocumh, a man who really desired to witness the best results of the measure with which his name was heroically and politically linked. He lived to see it tested and said to a friend as he lay on his death-bed: "I was honest in this matter, but it was the niistake of my life. The law as a temperance measure is an utter failure." RKI.IGIOUS nODIES CONDKMN THE LAW. The Baptist convention of Nebraska, Nov. 2, 1888, declared : "We condemn the high license system of Nebraska as morally wrong, and a compromise with the powers of darkness, under which the liquor trallic has l>een fostered and developed, until it has liecome a united and mighty power of evil, and a controlling influence in the politics and legislation of our state." The I'resbyterian synod of Nebraska, the same year, declared : " We have no faith In compromise, no faith in license, high or low. In the name of Uuci and humanity, we demand that the saloon *~''***^ Ha PROHIBITION LEADERS be made an outlaw in the state and in the nation. We want no fellowship with the unrruitful works of darkness. We want no blood money to pay uur taxes, and to educate our children. We want no legal enactment to protect this national nuisance from the vengeance of an outraged people." The Methodist Episcopal conference of Nebraska in 1888 adopted the following by an overwhelming vote : " That we will adhere to and support only that party which is entirely coinm'.tted to the principle of the complete legal prohibition of the traffic in alcoholic drinks as the duty of civil government." The general conference of the M. E. church has repeat- edly declared its unwavering op|)osition to all laws that license the li(iuor traffic, either for a high or low license. In 1892 this great body held its session in Omaha, the saloon-cursed, high licen.se Sodom of Nebraska. At the close of several weeks session, the conference declared by resolution as follows : " The liquor tr.iHic is so pernicious in all its l>earlngs, so inimical to the interests of honest trade, so repugnant to the moral sense, so injuriouB to the peace and order of society, so hurtful to the home, to the church ,ind to the body politic, and so utterly .■\ntagoniitic to all that is precious to life, that the only proper altitude toward it for Christians is that of relentless hostility. It can never be legalized without sin. Tl\e conference supplemented this ringing resolution by another : " License laws are the liquor traffic's strongest bulwark of defence. They are wrong in principle and impotent for good. We are unalter- ably opposed to the enactment of laws that propose by license, taxing or otherwise, to regulate the drink tratlic, because ihey provide lor its continuance and afford no protection against its ravages." UTTKRI.V HAD. It is sufficient to comply with the limits of this article, to state that the above declarations are a fair index of the deliverances of the religious denominations in my country, with very few exceptions. The license system has become so odiously rotten that its endorsement by an ecclesiastical body would be held equivalent to blasphemy. This is not to say that every church member votes against the litjuor crime. Even among Christ's chosen twelve there was one devil, and the race of that devil in the churches ever since has never become extinct. Hut the climate of the christian world is becoming constantly more uncomfortable for such people. ATTITIIDK OK TIIK LIQUOR DEALERS TOWARD H|i II LICENSE. The riini.sellers fought high license at lirst because they were startled at the proposition of increasing their annual dues to the municipality from three to five fold. In Oinaha they resisted desperately, and for a time held out against enforcement, and banded together for offensive and defen- sive warfare. A local organization of private citizens was organized to compel com()liance with the law. Col. Watson H. Smith, clerk of the United States court, was one of the active memljers of the society thus formed. The liquor dealers kept thugs on his track, and tried by every method known to an outlaw class to bulldoze him into silence. He could not l)e scared, and he was murdered in cold blood as he was leaving his office in the United States court house. No unbiased man ever supposed for one moment that the liquor dealers did not plan the murder and hire the assassin. The brutal slayer of this worthy citizen has never l)een found. l)nly the merest mockery of an attempt was made by the local authorities to apprehend the criminal. The brutal murder aroused the whole state, and the drunkard- makers l)egan to see that compliance with the money payment part of the law was a self-protecting plan. The revenue feature is practically all that essentially concerns the towns and cities that legalize the drink traffic in Nebraska, and in the union for that matter. The restric- tive clauses of the law are as "ropes of sand in the teeth of Niagara." The law prohibits selling to drunkards, but the sale goes on. The law against sale to minors is constantly violated. The Sunday closing provision is a dead letter in more than half the whole country, notoriously so in (,'hicago, Omaha, Cincinnati, Denver, Buffalo and scores of other large cities, and hundreds of smaller places. The traffic defies control wherever permission is given it to exist at all. (Iranted a lease, it a.ssumes absolute proprietorship, and rules in despotism. The o[)i)n;;tion of the liijuor men to high license has long since cea.sed. They now shoul for it from Nesv York to San Francisco. The distillers, brewers, saloon-keepers and all men directly engaged in the business, unhesitatingly approve the high license policy. They know it is the only thing left between them and Prohibition. It has been officially endorsed by J. M. .Atherton, president of the National Protective Association, the leading organization of distillers and wholesale litiuor-dealers in the United States. Peter 1'^. Her, the most prominent distiller in Nebraska, who has made his fortune in the business, in 1888 wrote a letter for the guidance of his brethren in the trade, in which he said : " High license has not hurt our business, but on the contrary, has been a great benefit to it, as well as to the people generally." 'I'he people must be heard from as well as Her, before the latter part of the distiller's statement can pass unchallenged. Mr. Her continued : " I do not think high license lessens the quantity of liquor used, but places it in fewer and lietter hands, with better regularity." In other words, it creates a monopoly of the business, and facilitates the accumulation of profits without decreasing consumption. The two conspicuous examples quoted are only types representing the confederated lier of saloons in low license cities, 25,783. Average high license, $665 per year per saloon; average low license, $122. Total number arrests in high license group, 216,132 ; low license grouj), 230,877. Population under high license to one arrest for drunkenness and disorderly conduct, 36.6 ; under low license, 37. f' showing less arrests under low license than under high license for same period. The percentages of arrests for "drunk and disorderly" to total arrests were as follows: Under high license, per cent., 56; low license, 52. This is no justifi<'ation of low license, but simply a fair comparison to expose the baseless pretences of high licen.se claimants. Neither high nor low license has proven a remedy for the myriad evils and shocking crimes that grow out of the drink traffic. The only rational remedy for this universal curse is total suppression by and through a law of prohibition. IN CONCLUSION. The evidence against high license might be extended through many pages, but my limits v)f space are reached. 1 ask every reader to note these conspicuous facts : 1. High license is wrong in principle, because it sells privileges to men engaged in a wicked and damaging business. 2. It creates a monopoly for the few, and tends to solidify their strength in the community, and augments their profits, without decreasing consumption. 3. Drunkenness, lunacy, pauperism and crime of every grade, increa.se under high license, and nothing but the Kiir jjgjgijgjgjjja IHH PROHIBITION LHADERS 'o.? prohibitive features of the law avail anything, and even these the people lowered ; the wealth of the eountry decreased ; are overridden by the greedy desire to make money out of the business. 4. 'I"here is not an atom of morality in high license over low license, and lx)th are a shame and a disgrace to christian civilization. 5. The business community is roblK'd ; the morals of taxable values reduced by the existence of the traffic under any policy of regulation. The moral manhood and tlie patriotism of the people shouhl l)e invoked to reject all overtures of the drunkard- makers, and sweep this entire criminal business from a legal place in society and government. ■P" EFFECTS OF BEER-DRINKING. TEN SCIENTIFIC TESTIMONIES. Reprinted from the Toledo Blade. ![;■ THK alarming growtti of the use of beer among our people, and especially the spreading delusion among many who consider themselves temperate and sober, that the encouragement of beer-drinking is an effective way of promoting the cause of temperance, and of aiding to stamp out the demon rum, impelled the Blade to send a represen- tative out to a number of the leading physicians of Toledo, to obtain their opinions as to the real damage which indulgence in an appetite for malt litjuors does the victim of that form of intemperance, and the dangers which threaten the whole community from a lack of restraint upon this terrible devastator of our people's lives and healthy intellect and bodily vigor, it being indeed a pestilence which literally stalks at noonday throughout the land, wherever the poison-breeding breweries are allowed to distribute their broth of degradation and debasement through the community. Every one is not only a gentleman of the highest per- sonal character, but is a physician whose professional abilities have been severely tested, and have received the stamp of the highest endorsement by the public and their professional brethren. Abler and more skilful physicians are not to be found anywhere, i^.ach has also practiced for many years in Toledo -the shonest time for any one of them tx;ing more than twelve years — and this practice has been of a kind to make them accura.ely acquainted with the matters of which they speak. The indictment they with one accord present against beer-drinking is simply terrible. It is a curse for which there is no mitigation. 'I'he fearful devil-fish crushing a fisherman in its long winding arms, and sucking his life- blood from his mangled body and limbs, is not so frightful an assailant as this deadly but insiduous enemy which fastens itself upon its victim, and daily liecomes more and more the wretched man's master, clogging up his liver, rotting his kidneys, decaying his heart and arteries, stupefying and starving his brain, choking his lungs and bronchia, loading his body down with dropsical fluids and unwholesome fat, fastening upon his rheumatism, erysipelas, and all manner of painful and disgusting di.seases, and finally dragging him down to the grave at a time when other men are in their prime of mental and bodily vigor. But we cannot hope to tell the story so well as the physicians themselves, who speak out of the fullness of a rich ex|K'rience. Here are their statements : i>r. o. H. Burgen, a practitioner for over thirty five years, twenty-eight of which have been in Toledo, .says : " I think beer kills ([uickcrthan any other kind of liquor. My attention was first called to the insidious effects of beer-drinking years ago, when I l)egan examining for a life insurance company. I passed as unusually good risks, five Germans - young business men who seemed to be in the best of health, and to have superb constitutions. In a few years I was amazed to see the whole five drop off, one after another, with what ought to have been mild and easily curable attacks of diseases. On comparing my experience with that of other physicians, I found that they were all having similar luck with confirmed beer-drinkers, and the incidents of my practice since then have heaped up confirma- tion upon confirmation. " The first organ to Ijc attacked is the kidneys ; the liver soon sympathizes with them, and then comes, most fref|uently, drop.sy or Hright's discise, both of which are certain to end fatally. .\ny physician who cares to take the time will tell you that among '.!-j dreadful results of habitual beer-drinking are lock-jaw and erysipelas, and that the beer- drinker seems incapable of recovering Ti om the effects of mild disorders and injuries not usually regarded as of a grave character. Pneumonia, pleurisy, fevers, etc., seem to have a first mortgage on him, which they foreclose remorse- lessly at an early opportunity. " The l)eer-drinker is much worse off than the whisky- drinker. The whisky-drinker .seems to have more elasticity and reserve power. A whisky-drinker will even have delirium tremens and tear everything around him to pieces, but after the fit has gone you will sometimes find good material to work upon, and good management may bring him around all right. But when a beer-drinker gets into trouble, it seems almost as if you have to re-create the man before you can hope to do anything for him. I have talked this for years, and have already had an abundance of living and dead instances around me to support my opinions." Dr. S. S. Thorn, a physician of an experience embracing a period of service in the army as well as some twenty years' practice in 'I'oledo, said: PROHIBITION LEADERS '05 " Adulterants are not the important thing in my estima lion it is the beer itself. It stupefies and retards his intellection, because it is a narcotic, and cumulative in its effects. I'"()r instance, mercurials are cumulative. They gather in the system. .\ dose of ii6th or 1 32d of a grain would have no apjjrecialile effect upon the system ; but a numl)er of these small doses administered consecutively, would soon produce siilivation and other destructive results. So l)eer accumulates and gathers certain pernicious agencies in the system, until they Ixjcome very destructive. Every man who drinks beer in any (|uantity, soon l)egins to load himself with soft, unhealthy fat. This bad, because it is the result of interference with the natural elimination of deleterious substances. No man, no matter what his con- stitution, can go on long with his system full of the morbid and ilead matter which the kidneys and liver are intended to work off. " If you could drop into a little circle of doctors, when they are having a ipiiet, professional chat over matters and people in the range of their experience, you will hear enough in a few minutes to terrify you as to the work of beer. One will say, 'What's l)ecome of so-and-so? I haven't seen him around lately.' 'Oh, he's dead.' 'Dead I What was the matter?' 'Beer.' .Another will say, 'I've just come from Blank's. I'm afraid it's about my last call on him, poor fellow.' 'What's the trouble?' 'Oh, he's been a regular beer-drinker for years.' A third will remark how has just gone out like a candle in a draft of wind. 'Beer' is the reason given. .And so on, until the half-dozen physicians have mentioned perhaps, fifty recent cases where apparently strong, hearty men, at a time of life when they should Ix; in their prime, have suddenly dropped into the grave. To say they are habitual beer-drinkers is a sufficient explanation to any physician. He never asks anything further as to causes. "I'he first effect on the liver is to congest and enlarge it. Then follows a low grade of inflammation and suliseciuent contraction of the capsules, with the effect of [iroducing what is known in the profession as 'hob-nailed liver,' or •drunkard's liver.' The surface of the organ liecomes covered with little hinijis that look like nail-heads on the soles of shoes. This condition develops dropsy. The con- gestion of the liver clogs up all the springs of the twdy, and makes all sorts of mental and physical exertion as difficult and labored as it would be to run a clock, the wheels of which were covered with dirt and gum. The life insurance (companies make a business of estimating men's lives, and can only make money by making correct estimates of whatever influences life. Here is the table that they use in calculating how long a normal, healthy man will probably live after a given age : Age. Kxpectation. 30 years, 41.5 years. 30 " ... 34.^ " 40 " . 28.3 " 50 " ■ • • »0.2 " 60 " • 13-8 " 65 " •• II " "Now they expect that a man otherwise healthy, who is addicted to iK'er-drinking, will have his life shortened from 40 to 60 per cent. For instance, if he is 20 years old and does not drink lieer he may reasonably expect to reach the age of 61. If he is a lieer-drinker he will probably not live to lie over 35, and so on. If he is 30 years old when he begins to drink lieer he will probably drop off somewhere between 40 and 45, instead of living to 64, as he should. There is no sentiment, prejudice or assertion about these figures. They are .simply cold-blooded business facts> derived from experience, and the companies invest their money upon them, just the same as a man pays so many dollars for so many feet of ground or bushels of wheat. " All beer-drinkers have rheumatism, more or less, and no beer-drinker car. recover from rheumatism as long as he drinks beer. You will notice how a beer-drinker walks about stiff on his heels, without any of the natural elasticity and spring from the toes and the ball of the foot that a healthy man should have. That is because the beer has the effect of increasing the lithia deposits ' chalk-stones ' they are sometimes called about the smaller joints, which <-ause articular rheumatism. " Beer-drinkers are absolutely the most dangerous class of subjects that a surgeon can operate upon. Every surgeon dreads to have anything to do with them. They do not recover from the simplest hurts without a great deal of trouble and danger. Insignificant scratches and cuts are liable to develop a long tran of dangerous troubles. The choking up of the sewers and absorbents of the body brings about blood-poisoning and malignant running sores, and sometimes delirium tremens result from a small hurt. It i.s very dangerous for a beer-drinker to even cut his finger. No wound ever heals by ' first intention,' as it does upon a healthy man, but takes a long course of suppuration, some- times very offensive discharges, and all sorts of complica- tions are liable. All surgeons hesitate to perform operations on a l)eer-drinker that they would undertake with the greatest confidence on any one else. " I have told you the frozen truth - cold, calm, scientific facts, such as the profession everywhere recognizes as abso- lute truths. I do not regard beer-drinking as .safe for any one. It is a dangerous, aggressive evil that no one can tamper with, with any safety to him.self. There is only one safe course, and that is to let it alone entirely. Dr. M. H I'armalee, physician and surgeon of twelve years' practice in Toledo, says : " The majority of saloon-keepers die from dropsy arising from liver and kidney disea.ses, which are induced by their beer-drinking. My experience has been that saloon-keepers and the men working about breweries are very liable to these diseases. When one of these apparently stalwart, beery fellows is attacked by a disorder that would not be regarded as at all dangerous in a person of ordinary constitution, or even a delicate, weakly child or woman, he is liable to drop off like an over ripe apple from a tree. You are never sure of him for a minute. He may not be dangerously sick to-day, and to-morrow l)e in his shroud. All physicians io6 PROHIBITION LEADERS M tti IM think about alike on this subject, as their observations all lead them to similar conclusions. It is a matter so plain that there is hardly room for any other opinion. The most of them are like myself in another thing : I have come to dread iK-ing called u|)on to take charge of a case of sickness in a man who is an habitual beer-drinker. Experience has taught me that in such persons it is impossible to predict the outcome. The form of Bright's disease known as the swollen or large white kidney, is much more frequent among beer drinkers than any other class of people, and also that its prevalence .seems to have kept pretty fair (lace with the rapid increase in the consumption of Ixier in this country." Dr. W. 'f. Ridenour served during the war as surgeon of the Twelfth Ohio Infantry, was medical ins[)ector of the Department of West Virginia, has resided in Toledo for fourteen years, has served some years as health officer of the city, and has been lecturer on physiology in the Toledo medical schools for three years. The following is his testi- mony ; " The first effect of the habitual use of beer is upon the stomach, merely a physical one, and is to greatly distend it. In making a post mortem examination a physician instantly recognizes a l)eer-drinkers' stomach by its greatly increased dimensions. "The liver is the great laboratory, the great workshop of the body. Any derangement of it means the immediate derangement of all the rest of the vital machinery. There can be no health anywhere when the liver is out of order. Beer-drinking overloads it and clogs it up, producing con- gestion. The liver is comjrosed of a number of little cells united together into what are called lobules. When the beer-drinker begins to overload his liver the first effort of nature is to enlarge it to do the extra work it is called upon to do. But this enlargement is mainly in the interstitial tissue, the tissue connecting the cells and lobules, which keeps on growing until the cells themselves are diminished in .iize by pressure and less fitted for their office. This deranges and jKirmanently cripples the organ. One of the functions of the liver is to separate fro.n the blood excre- mentitious and effete substances that should be thrown off through the kidneys in the urine. Naturally, when the working capacity of the liver is crippled this function of preparinf; the excrementitious matters for elimination by the kidney is interfered with, the salts - urea and the urates — are im|x;rfectly elaborated, and much of them is thrown into the blood and kidneys as uric acid, which is compara- tively insoluble and very irritating to those organs, and produces a long train of harmful sequehe. " Later the kidneys are assailed. I have no doubt that the rapid spread of that terrible ailment — Bright's disease of the kidneys — is largely due to the great development of the beer-drinking habit in this country. I have always believed that Bayard Taylor fell a victim to the (German beer that he praised so highly. He died of Bright's disea.se at 50, when he was comparatively young, and should have lived, with his constitution, to a green old age. He did not want to die either. He was full of ambition, and had much work that he was eager to do before he passed away. But he went, just as habitual beer-drinkers are going all the time, and everywhere. " My first patient was a saloon-keeper on Cherry street, as fine a looking man physically as 1 had ever seen - tall, well-built, about thirty-five years old, with clear eyes, florid complexion and muscles well develoi)ed. He had an attack of pneumonia in the lower lobe of the right lung. It was a simple, well-defined case attack, which I regarded very hopefully. Doctors are confident of saving nineteen out of twenty of such cases. They will, in fact, usually cure themselves in a little while, if left alone, as the disease is regarded as a self-limited one with tendency to recovery. I told my partner - Dr. Trembly - so when we spoke of it in the evening. To my surprise, he said, (juietly, ' He'll die.' 1 asked what made him think so. ' He's a beer- drinker,' answered Trembly, and he persisted in predicting a fatal termination for the case, in spite of my as.sertions to the contrary. My confidence seemed justified when my patient l)egan to recover from the attack on the lower lobe. Suddenly I discovered that the disease had lighted up in the middle lotx;. This did not go through the various stages of tile disease toward con .aiescence, but passed into the third stage of pneumonia-suppuration ; then the upper lobe beaime involved, and finally it crossed over and attacked the other lung, and my patient succumbed. Beer-drinkers are peculiarly liable to die of pneumonia. Their vital power, their power of resistance, their vis medicatrix natune is so lowered by their habits that they are liable to drop off from any acute disease, such as fevers, pneumonia, etc. As a rule, when a confirmed l)eer-drinker takes pneumonia hs dies. They make bad patients. " Beer-drinking produces rheumatism by producing chronic congestion and ultimately degeneration of the liver, thus interfering with its functions, among others its metabolic function, by which the food is elaborated and fitted for the sustenance of the body, and by which function for refuse materials resulting from the nutrition and action of the tissues of the body are oxidized and made soluble for elimination by the kidneys as before staled, thus forcing the retention in the lx)dy of the excrementitious and dead matters I have spoken ■ f. The presence of uric acid and other insoluble efiete matters in the blood and ti.ssues is one of the main causes of rheumatism, and I have shown how Ixier-drinking retains it in the system." Dr. J. H. Curry, who.se specialty is diseases of the eye and ear, and who is a successful practitioner of many years' standing, declined to discuss the general physiological effects of lx;er and other intoxicants. " I can't .say that I know any strictly beer-drinkers. No matter what they have begun upon, all the drinkers that I know now drink whisky about as regularly as they do beer, and also wine, when they can afford it. They have all progressed rapidly from beer to something stronger, which they alternate with tx;er. A man can go on a spree once a year, or once in six months or so, without doing himself any material injury, but a man who drinks what he calls trflilBliWi -^smmsmmmmmasammmmammmaBam PROHIIHTION LEADERS 107 ' moderately ' every day, lowers his vital powers very much by the practice. This is universally conceded by the pro- fession. He is especially unable to stand any shock or strain to his system, and breaks down under what would not seriously effect non-drinkers. The habitual ' moderate' drinker saturates his system, injures his bodily fibre, and loads it up with noxious matters that are very injurious. The fact of a man being an habitual drinker is always regarded as a very Iwd factor by every physician and surgeon in making a prognosis of his case. Medical men dread having such for patients. "Oculists have to contend with a disease that has been named 'amblyopia potatorum,' or 'drunkard's blindnes.s,' which usually manifests itself as an atrophy of the optic nerve, a wasting for want of nourishment. When this proceeds to a certain stage in the optic nerve, the result is total and incurable blindness. Solberg Wells, one of the first authorities on eye diseases, says on amblyopia potatorum : ' This toxic effect may be especially produced by alcohol, tobacco, lead and (|uinine. The amblyopia met with in drunkards (amblyopia potatorum) generally commences with the appearance of a mist or cloud l)efore the eyes, which more or less surrounds and shrouds the object, rendering it haze and indistinct. In some cases the impairment of vision becomes very considerable, so that only the largest of print en t)e deciphered ; but if progres- sive amblyopia sets in, the sight may be completely lost. 'Stellwagen on the Eye,' another author of the highest repute among physicians, says : ' By the complete giving up of alcoholics the disease may be brought to a standstill, and often cured. Of this we are certain, that amblyopia is observed in an extremely large [percentage of habitual drinkers. ' Noyes on the Eye,' the latest publication in this specialty, says : ' In alcholic amblyopia we usually find a dull red nerve, with swollen veins, rather hazy borders, and torpid circulation. Atrophy may subsequently ensue.' " Dr. S. S. Lungren, one of the leading hom(i;pathic physicians and surgeons in the country, has been practicing in Toledo for nearly a (juarter of a century. "It is difficult to find any part of a confirmed beer- drinker's machinery that is doing its work as it should. This is the reason why their life-cords snap off like glass rods when disease or accident gives them a little blow. Beer-drinking shortens life. That is not a mere opinion, however. It is a well-settled, recognized fact. Physicians and insurance companies accept this as unciuestionably as they dc any other undisputed fact of science. "The great English physicians decide that the heart's action is increased 13 per cent, in its efforts to throw off an alcoholic stimulent introduced into the circulation. The result of this is easily figured out. The natural pulse-beat is say 76 per minute. If we multiply this by 60 for the number of minutes in an hour, and by 24 for the hours in a day, and add 13 per cent, to the sum total, we will find that the heart has been compelled to do an extra work during that time in throwing off the burden of a few drinks (4.8-ioth o/s. of alcohol) ccjual to 15^ tons lifted one foot high. "The alcohol in the beer causes a dilation of the super- ficial blood vessels, as it does of all of them, in fact. This gives the ruddy look. But it is really an unhealthy con- gestion there and everywhere. Everywhere— heart, brain, stomach, lungs, liver, kidneys — it breaks down, weakens, enfeebles, invites attacks of di.sease, and makes recovery from any attack or injury precarious and difficult. The brain and its membranes suffer severely, and after irritation and inflammation come the well-known dullness and stupidity. There is no question in my mind that many brain diseases r.nd many cases of insanity are produced by excessive beer-drinking. " But it is everywhere the same, everywhere it is degen- eration ; and this ruinous work is not confined to the notorious drinkers, but everyone must suffer just in propor- tion to the amount he or she drinks. No man who drinks much beer is the physical and mental equal of one who abstains. He diminishes his present powers, shortens his life, and wrecks himself by his indulgence in it." Dr. J. T. Woods, three years in the United States service as surgeon in charge of important brigade and division hospitals, five years professor of physiology in the ("leveland Medical College, now chief surgeon of the Wabash system of railroads, has practised in Toledo sixteen years. He says : " I have never had reason to think that any beneficial results came from the use of beer as a common drink, but, on the contrary, regard it as slowly, but positively detri- mental to the system. Its indiscriminate use as a lx;verage produces the most damaging effects, as other drugs would do. I can conceive of no greater fallacy than that any active medicine can even in small (juantities be used with impunity. It does not follow because we cannot measure results that there are none. "That Iwer is foreign to nature's demands is plainly evident. The whole organism at once sets about its removal. Every channel through which it can be got rid of is brought into active play, and does not cease its efforts until the last trace is gone. The reaching of a certain end depends only on the frequency of the repetitions. The whole is made up of the parts ; each and every drink counts one. These ones added together make the wreck, and to secure this result it is only necessary to make the single numbers si "cient. I do not .see how to excuse any one from its eflects. In short, each Laves its footprints in one way or another, and the idea that because you stop before you stagger, the system takes no note of the damaging material you put into it, is a ruinous delusion. " The condition of the hal)itual drinker is considered an unnatural one, a portion of his diet havitig been such that vital organs are more or less impaired, the nervous system in a peculiarly unreliable condition, blood deranged in quality, and the reparative power below what it would naturally be. Treatment before and after any severe opera- tive prc-edure ia conducted with especial view to this io8 PROHIBITION LKADKRS unnatural or fictitious life, cx|)erience having long since taught this fact in the face of all contrary theory. That con- firmed beer-drinkers are es|)ecially unpromising patients on whom to i)erforni surgical operations I am sure all practical surgeons will agree. There can be no question about it. Dr. C. A. Kirkley, in (-onstant practice in Toledo for fifteen years, says ; " I do not believe that the healthy organism needs an artificial prop to sustaiti it. Depression Ik-Iow the standard of health always follows just in proportion as the system is stimulated above that standard, and its effect upon nutrition, upon the nervous system, and uixm the circulation must therefore l)e injurious. 'The organs directly affected are the stomach, liver, kidneys, heart and brain. Stimulants are so «|uickly absorbed that their action is peihaps esjiecially exercised upon, first, the vascular system, then the nervous system, and then upon the nutrition. What is called the portal vein conveys the stimulants through the liver, after it is absorl)ed, the function and structure of which is liable to suffer. 'This is also true of the kidneys, which naturally eliminate such extraneous matters. As is well known, there is no more fruitful source of Bright's disease. 'The heart and blood-ves.sels are excited at first, then their tone is impaired, and then digestion and nutrition become impaired. " 'The nervous system is of course especially liable to disorder. Kvery physician is familiar with cases in which nervous ' wear and tear ' in an active life has l)een kept up by stimulants without apparent loss of power for years ; bodily and mental vigor, however, suddenly fail, mental exertion produces fatigue, there is depression, loss of appe- tite, enfeebled digestion, and all the symptoms consecpient upon this condition. The individual has l)elieved that he could keep up his strength for a longer time with the assist- ance of stimulants ; he has l>een constantly overtaxed, but his delusion is to the contrary. 'The repeated application of the stimulus that the over-exertion might l)e prolonged has really expended the powers of the nervous .system and prepared him for more complete prostration later in life. 'The temporary advantage gained was purchased at a great cost. 'The greater the expenditure of nervous power by the use of stimulants the more complete the exhaustion. 'I'he tired brain, from habitual overwork, may feel the con- sequences less speedily when kept up by artificial stimula- tion to extraordinary activity, and the stomach may perha[)s be less susce[)tible to the loss of its natural energy ; but when the crisis comes there is poor repair of nervous matter, the nutritive [xjwers are depressed, and the health slowly restored, if at all. On the other hand, the man who has abstained from the use of alcoholic leverages, having over- taxed his nervous system, only needs a short period of re.st and change for the renovation of his system and the recovery of mental and bodily vigor. " My experience is that sickness is always more compli- cated more fatal - in beer-drinkers, and that serious accidents are usually fatal with them. 'The rate of mortality among life-policy holders is much lower than among the average population, owing to the fact that those of intem- perate habits are rejected. The eflfecl of alcoholic and malt liijuors in producing disease and predisposing to it is (H-'rhaps greatest in tropical countries. As a general rule, the more unhealthy the locality the more do the inhabitants indulge in stimulants, either from the mistaken notion that they can l)etler withstand the effects of the climate or a disposition to make their short life a jolly one. " Under its inHuenire the mental j)owers are even more inactive than the physical. 'There is hardly a single cause that ojKjrates more powerfully in the production of insanity, and not only that, but it excites the action of other causes that may lie present. Plutarch says that 'one drunkard iK-gets another,' and .Vristotle says that ' drunken women bring forth children like unto themselves.' A report was made to the legislature of Mas.sachusetts some years ago I think by a 1 )r. Howe on iiliocy. He had learned the habits of the parents of 300 idiots, and 145, nearly half, are reported as known to be habitual drunkards, thus show- ing the enfeebled constitution of the children of drunkards. I have in mind an instance where three children were Ijorn to the mother, begotten when the father was intoxicated, and all died within eight months of their birth. 'They should have recovered, and would have recovered had they not had the relaxed and enfeebled constitution inherited from their intemperate father. Instances are recoided where both parents were intoxicated at the time of conception, and the result was an idiot. 'There is not a doubt but that inebriety not only makes more destructive whatever taint may exist, but impairs the health and natural vigor for remote genera- tions. " I l)elieve tiiat forty-nine out of fifty diseases of chronic Bright's disease are directly produced by it. I have never met with a ca.se in which the patient has not l)een intern perate to a greater or less degree. The projjortion may Ik,- too high, but tliat is certainly my experience. Mr. ('hristi- son, a celebrated author, states that three-fourths to four- fifths of the c-ases met with in I'klinburgh were in habitual drunkenness." Dr. \V. C. Chapman served during the war as a surgeon in the army of the Potomac, and since then has practiced in 'Toledo. He is professor of materia medica and therapeuti<'s in the Northwestern Ohio Medical College. He says : " Alcohol is a cerebral sedative, that is, an agent which, having first stimulated the brain and nervous system to an abnormal degree, causes .sedation, an exactly opposite con- dition. It matters not in what form the alcohol is taken, whether as whisky, brandy, wine or Iwer, this physiological effect is always shown as the principal one. " 'There are other results from its use, which, although perfectly well established and understood by the physiolo- gist, remain unknown to the drinker, as the conden.sation of albumen, congestion of the stomach and liver, thus impair- ing digestion, and even causing structural changes in the various organs themselves ; causing enlargements, followed by contractions of the liver, fatty degeneration of the blood, the blood-vessels, heart and kidneys, and the brain itself may be similarly affected. Of course small doses, not fre- PROHIBITION LKADliRS 109 (|uently repeated, do not l)riiig alxmt all these results ; hut sooner or later, if drinking to moderation becomes a habit, many of these results will become apparent. " I certainly do consider beci as harmful as thi- ardent spirits, if not more so. I can not see bow any one can drink from ten to twenty glas.ses of beer a day, an amount (|uite low for a Iwer-drinker, without producing pathological conditions fully as grave as those found in one who con- stantly drinks his brandy or whisky. 1 know that some good men consider beer is a food, and even alcohol, but I cannot so look at it. The fact is, that after very many experiments, it is suppose*! that about one and a half ounces of alcohol will be retained during twenty four hours in the system, and that more than that will be excreted. There- fore within that limit alcoholic acts as a (ood. Making allowance for errors in collecting all the excreta during twenty-four or forty-eight hours, what a narrow lir-it do we find for its u.se as food. Hence, by the drinking of one and a half ounces of alcohol as much nourishment would Ik; obtained as from three cents worth of sugar candy. .\nd even the most enthusiastic of its supporters as food say that no matter how much is taken during 24 hours only one and a half ounces is retained, and more than that is injurious. " lust look at it. I'ure beer is i)i per cent, water, five jier cent, alcoiiol and four per cent, of malt extract, adulterations, hops, etc. Not as much nutrition in ten pints of beer as in one slice of bread and butter." Dr. (1. A. Collamore, in practice about twenty-five years, and formerly division surgeon of the third division, Twenty- second Army ( 'orps, said : " Beer contains from three to five per cent, of alcohol, and produces the well-known efTects of that substance on the vital organs, especially the brain, stomach, liver, kidneys and blood. The brain is kept in a hy()eremic or conjested condition, which prevents normal cerebration or the accurate use of the mental faculties. " The stomach l)ecomes catarrhal, inactive and finally dilated. " The liver is overbur'! ned in disposing of the exces.s of hydro-carbon, is first congested, then contracted or cirrhotic, which condition partially stops the free circulation of blood through it and leads to abdominal dropsy. " 'I'he kidneys are overworked to get rid of the super- (luous water, and become first enlarged and then contracted (Hright's Disease), a state of things which results in enlarge- ment of the heart (hypertrophy), derangement of the circulation, and eventually general dropsy. " The lungs have an extra amount of labor thrown upon them in burning up (or oxidi/.ing) the alcohol, and are in a favorable condition for attacks of conjestion, inflammation or odema (dropsy), which are very liable to prove fatal. " Kvery physician or surgeon will testify that, other things being etpial, the beer-soaker has a much smaller chance of recovery, if overtaken by serious illness, accident or the necessity of surgical interference, than the one who abstains. In this one particular effect l)eer is, in my judg- ment, more injurious than more concentrated forms of alcohol, which tend rather to local disorders." 1(11 THE GOTHENBURG AND BERGEN SYSTEMS OF DEALING WITH THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC. ■ I From the Vanguard, edited by F. S. Spence, Toronto, Ontario. ' ACiOOI) deal of attention has lately l)een given to the methods of dealing with the liiiuor-traffic in oiK-ration in Sweden and Norway. Both of these countries have in operation legislation giving the people power to prohibit the liquor traffic locally, or to vest such traffic, to a certain extent, in comiKinies which derive therefrom only a certain fixed interest on th;'ir investments, turning over the balance of profits to l)e appropriated for public purposes. It will readily be seen that this plan of dealing with the li(luor traffic differs essentially from that commonly known as " state control," which means the carrying on of the liquor traffic by specially appointed government officials, the whole business being under the control of the government, and the whole profit appropriated for public uses. A good deal of light has iK-en thrown upon the Swedish and Norwegian .systems by two recent interesting publica- tions. One is a special report of the United States commi.ssioner of labor, prepared by K. R. I,. Oould, Ph. I). The other is a report made by James Whyte, .secretary of the United Kingdom alliance. Both writers visited the countries concerning which they report, and made special inquiry into the history, details and results of the systems under consideration. It is from the information supplied by these writers, and the documents they quote, that the present statement is compiled. TWO SYSTEMS. The operation of the Swedish system in Ciothenburg, and the operation of the Norwegian system in Bergen, are taken as representative of the different plans of the two countries. Roughly speaking, the main difference may be said to be that in (lothenburg the bolag or company controlling the li(]uor traffic pays its profits over the percentage retained for interest over to the authorities to become part of the regular public revenue, while in Bergen the net profits of the samlag or company in charge, after payment of interest, are handed over to certain philanthropies, which are supported by voluntary public contributions, no part of such profits going into reguUr public funds, such as may be raised by taxation. Anothev important point of difference is this : In Gothen- burg an effort is ni.ide to have the .sale of liijuor associated mainly with the work of supplying food. Mr. (iould says of the Ciothenburg system: "The manager of a bar saloon must always keep on hand both <:old and hot prepared food ; he conducts the sale of viands as well as of coffee, tea, cocoa, mineral waters and cigars on his own account, receiving whatever profits may be made from his transaction. l.i(|uor is also sold by the company in regular eating-houses. The company also conducts five reading-rooms, provided wit!) periodicals and books, and where refreshments other than intoxicants are provided." In Bergen, on the contrary, eatables are not . 'r' in public-houses, in-door games are not permitted, music u; not provided, the liciuor-selling establishments are such mainly, and in most cases solely. A DRINK-CURSKD COUNTRY. Some knowledge of the conditions antecedent to those at present existing will be found instructive. The positi<>n of these countries during the early part of the present century is thus described by Mr. Whyte : " Sweden and Norway were blighted and cursed with drunkenness to an extent probably unparalled in the experience of other civilized nations. 'I'his was the result of free trade in intoxicants. The manufacture and sale of both distilled and fermented liquors were practically free. In Sweden in 1829 the number of stills paying a (merely nominal) license fee was 173,124. Through economic causes, the numlier was reduced, by the year 1850, to 43,947, yet no diminution in the production of spirits took place. The country was deluged with the poison, and the prosperity of the jwople devastated and ruined. The manner in which this 'still' system operated amongst the peasantry was thus described by Mr. David Carnegie, a well- known (lothenburg brewer, in his evidence before the lords' committee on intemperance : ' When the home distillation was alloweH, it was a miserable state of things. One peasant would set his still going one week and invite his neighbors to come in, and they were sure to do so, and all would get drunk together, and the following week bn neighbor would begin.' mamaimiim PROHIBITION LEADERS " Add to this the fact, which I give on the authority of a very careful and well-informed writer, Dr. Sigfrid VViesel- gren, director of prisons in Sweden, that ' l)efore 1855 (Swedish) brandy could Ik; bought in almost every cottage,' and the completeness of the machinery for the economic ruin and the jihysical and moral deterioration of the rural population will be manifest. " Estimates by exjierts of the (juantity of alcohol con- sumed (K-r head of the population in Sweden at the |)eriod indicated are, to those who unilerstand what they imply, of a positively ap()alling character. For instance, Mr. Carnegie stated to the lords' committee that in Sweden, for some time prior to the introduction in 1855, of remedial legislation, about ten gallons of spirits [jer head of the popu- lation were consumed yearly. Mulhall, in his Dictionary of Stati-stics, has set down the consumption for the |)eriod indi- cated ai about the same (juantily. Dr. Berg, chief of the Swedish statistical board, has put it at even a higher figure than Mr. Carnegie. The lowest estimate which I have seen is that of Dr. Wieselgren, who states that in 1855 alxiul ten ''•''"s (5 57 I'-nglish gallons) of native Swedish brandy were consumed per head of the population. Dr. Wieselgren himself states that this is the lowest estimate that has been made. " In Sweden at that time women rarely, if ever, drank spirits. It then was, and, indeed, still is, as much a matter of course for Sweilish women of all ranks and classes to abstain from spirits as it is at present for the sot)er, resiK-ct- able, "conventional" middle-class women of l^ngland to refrain from smoking tobacco. Hence, one-half of the population may, at one stroke, be set aside as having l)een at the |)eriod in ([uestion, non-consumers of spirits. Besides, at least two-fifths of the males were under drinking age, of say fifteen years ; so only those males who were upwards of fifteen years of age can be reckoned as spirit-users. I-'urther, between 1850 and 1855 the whole [Kipulation of Sweden wa.s, to u.se round numlKTS, 3,500,000 ; and taking it that the half, 1,750,000, were females, and that of the other half about two-fifths, or say 750,000, were under the drinking age, no fewer than 2,500,000 out of a total population of 3,500,000 were non-users of spirits, and only 1,000,000 in the total population spirit-users. Of course it follows that on the average these latter consumed at the rate of three and one-half times six gallons or twenty-one gallons each, yearly. " The consequences of such drinking were frightful. Drunkenness, crime, pauperism, every species of misery, every form of degredation and demoralization abounded. Mr. Ciylleuskiold, who in 1873 was chief of the statistical office of the department of justice, says that such was the physical deterioration of the fieople that, between 1841 and 1850 56.46 per cent, of the conscript.s were unfit for military service. The Diet of 1853 reported that : ' Seldom, if ever, hax a conviclion so generally, so unequivocally, been pronounced with regard to the necessity of vigorous measures against the physical, economical and moral ruin with which the immoderate use of spirits threatens the nation. A cry has burst forth from the hearts of the people appealing to all who have influtncc, • prayer fur deliverance from a scourge which previous legislation had planted and nourished.' I )r. Wieselgren says : 'The very mm .w of the nation was sapped. Moral and physical degradation, insanity, poverty and crime, family ties broken up, brutal habits, all those grim legions that ever raiif^e themselves under the banner of intemperance, took possession of the land. It wai bleeding at every pore, yet seemed unwilling to be healed.' 'I'he condition of Norway was not any lx;tter. Mr. H. E. Berner, of Christiana, many years a member of the Nor wegian parliament, says : " The abuse of alcoholism was as great in Norway as in any other country. It was only by energetic efforts in the enactment of laws, taxation and voluntary agitation for abstinence that, step by step, this abu.se has Ix-en corrected, and that Norway has made the greatest progress of any country. " Fifty years ago it was estimated that in Norway the average consumption was at least sixteen quarts of fifty per cent, alcohol per head, or about the same as it was in Switzerland before the introduction of the brandy monopoly in 1887, or as it is at present in the most unfavorable country in ICurope with res(ject to alcoholism, namely, Den- mark. In 1891 in Norway the average consumption per capita of the population was about three and one-half (juarts. "The laws of 1816 permitted everylwdy to distil brandy. The distilling of liquors from potatoes and rye was also allowed. The result was that liquor was distilled everywhere. In 1883 there were 9,576 stills in the country districts and 151 in the cities. 'I'he total production was about 4,488,000 gallons, 50 per cent, strong, of alcoholic liquors." A MOR.\l. KKKUKM CAMl'AKiN. The modern temperance movement in Sweden may be said to date from 18 19, when in the town of VVexio some young men formed a society pledging thenvselves, amongst other things, to total ab.stinence. The reform was taken up later on by i'eter Wieselgren, dean of (lothenburg, who may be said to have given his life to temperance reform. His labors were crowned with great success. When the Swedish temperance society was formed in 1837 the first honorary memtier was Crown Prince Oscar. The pledge of this organization re(iuired abstinence from ardent spirits; wine and beer were little used at that time. The work spread until it took the form of an earnest demand for legislation against the liquor-traffic. When the crown prince became King Oscar I., he appealed to his legislators to take action. The liciuor-traffic fought the reform, but in vain, and in 1855 the royal sanction was given to a new liquor-law ; not indeed the prohibition desired by advanced temperance reformers, but a measure that has proved very restrictive in curtailing the brandy traffic. A similar agitation in Norway was carried on, culminat- ing in an earnest effort to secure the total prohibition of ardent spirits. Again the agitation resulted in compromise, I'ROHIHI riON I.KADKRS 1 i nnd Ifginlntinn in 1X45 nnWKIi|SM LAW. The law of 1H85 is thus sumniari/;c(i liy Mr. Whyte : "One section of it dealt with the distiilation ami the other with the sale of spirits. The old stills for domestic use were abolished and replaced hy distilleries on a larger scale, HUbject to a higher excise duty, placed under stpvcial su|)ervisi<>n, and only allowed to distil at certain |R-rio<|s of the year. The law for regulating sales was mainly distin guished by certain provi.sions tending to inrreaiic the difficulty of procuring intoxicating drinks. The wholesale spirit trade was left free, but with regard to the rest, which was divided into 'retail' that is, sale in small (juantitics for consumption on the premises and public-house traHi( it was left to the communes to decide, not only in what manner and within what limits the trade in drink should be carried on, but even whether it might take place at all within their jurisdiction." The local option |)ower thus given to the ele<'tors has lx;en very extensively jwt into o|)eration. In 1X656 the licenses i.ssued in all the rural districts of Sweden had l)een reduced to 638. In 1876 the total number of licenses in rural districts was only 3,6, or one to alK)ui 10,000 of the [xjpulation. The new law discriminates l)etween wholesale and retail selling, making sixty-six gallons the dividing ijuantity. Ketail .selling is in (|uantities not to Ik.- consumed on the premises ; sale for consuni|)tion ge person offering to pay the largest tax on the prabable consumption. The municipality may, instead of selling by auction, create a nionoply of retail and Ixir li(|uor sell.ng by turning all the licen.ses to Ik; issued over under c'ertain conditions to a company for a fixed period, usually three years. I,ic-enses, however, may In; revoked at any time for cause. The proceeds of the licenses are divided iK'tween the town government and the local municipality. IHK NORWKC.IAN I..\W. In Norway the minimum (]uantity of brandy to Ik.- sold by a distiller is ten gallons, which is also the maximum amount of a retail transaction. In country districts bar licenses are issued only to inns necessary for travellers, and liquor must not be sold under them to any jjerson living or staying nearer than three and one-half Knglish miles from the licensed premises. One, or several, or all of the licen.ses issued in any place may Ix: granted to a company that will bind itself to devote the possible surplus of the license to objects of public utility and see by-laws are duly approved by the authorities. Hoih in Norway and Sweden there are, of course, other rigid restrictions imposed u(M)n licenses. 'I'he sale of fermented lii|uorH may \n.- placed under similar a-strictiuni and cairied on in a similar manner to the sale of ardent spirits. IMK WCIKKINl. Itt rilK LAWS, Mr. K. (iould tells us that "the com|>any system bids fair to prevail wholly, both in Sweden and Norway. In the former country at the present time, the numlM-r of brandy com|)anies in operation in the towns is seventy- M'ven. Thirteen towns, most of them small, still disposi- of licensc-s at auction. In two villages no spirits are sold either at retail or over the Iwr. In the country districts Prohibition practically prevails. In Norway almost all the towns nave given to brandy ccmipanies the monopoly of conducting the side of spirits. Fifty-one such companies were in existence in the year i8c^i. In the entire country districts of Norway only twenty-seven licenses to sell spirits prevail. Of this numU'r fourteen are found among the great fishing stations." As may be learned from what has l>een said, the companies that take hold of the li(|uor trafTic under the legislation clescriljcd are generally companies of |>ersons actuated not by a desire to make money as a desire to have the liiiuor traffic brought under l)etter conditions and t)etter control. They frec|uently, while accjuiring a large numlier of licenses, carry on the liijuor traHic in a smaller numlter of places. They are hampered in .some |)laces by the fact that there are in operation certain jK-rmanent licenses of which the companies crannot obtain pos.session without the consent of the proprietors. Keeping the facts already set out, in mind, our readers will now be prepared to understand l)etter the systems of dealing with the licjuor traffic in c)|)eration res|)ectively in the cities of (lothen- burg and Ikrgen, which may l)e taken as representative of the Swedish and Norwegian comjwny systems respectively. THK CIOTHKNBUKC. SVSTK.M. " The (lothenburg ' Hohg,' or compwny was formed in the faith that a body of honest and intelligent men, deeply moved by the sins and sorrows of which the lii|uor traffic was the unfailing source, would, if they undertook to conduct the traffic for no profit or emolument of their own but for the public good, l)e able to prevent, or at least to greatly mitigate, the terrible evils which ex|)erience has shown to be inseparable from the common sale of drink when carried on for private personal gain. I am convinced that the sjjirit in which the founders of the Holag acted, is worthy of the warmest commendation. The Holag is a limited liability company, which undertook to carry on the sale of spirit.s, for consumption either on or off the premises, on lK.'half of the community, under the stipulation that no individual, or manager, should derive any profit from the business, or allow any one under them to do so, but should conduct it solely in the interest of temperance and morality, and pay to the town treasurer the whole profits beyond the I'ROHIHniON I.KADKRS 'i.\ 'Ordinary rate ul intcrcitl (six pt'r runt.) on the ordinary (laiil tip capital. "The company was fnrmcd in iH^s.and forthwith licKan optTations. They did this from nutivex of pure philan throphy. There was not there could not tuve lieen any taint of greed or self seeking in their puriK)ses. It is mere nonsense to talk of the six |H.'r cent, which was to Ih- |>aid to them an interest on the money which they actually advanced, as having Uen an oliject of any ini|K)rtance to |x;rsons of their character and status. It was the current inl«'rest of the time and country. The company was com- (X)sed of alM)ut twenty of the leading citizens of (iolhenhurg. The total amount of capital lo Ik- employed was ahout $55,000, and only aliout $,{4,500 has lieen called up. The yearly interest on that amount at six (jer cent, is only $2,070, or on the average a lK)ut $1050 year to each share holder. It is not to !«• ih()U};ht of for a monieiU that the fear of having the |>allry amount reduced a pound or two, would prevent Huch men from doing their liest to carry <»ut tin- olijcct for which the com()any was formeil the promotion of sohriety in ( Gothenburg. " 'I'he manner in which the company set about their business was full of promise. They were not prohibitionists. They considered themselves bound to afford oppcjrtunity to the citizens to obtain spirits in moderation, but they desired to prevent intem()erance. They l)elieved that if those in charge of their place* of business had a |)ersonal pecuniary interest in promoting the sale of spirits a great deal would prol>ably Ix; sold for inteni|X'rate consumption, and they knew also that many of their customers would, without incitement, l)e apt lo drink intcni|HTately. To obviate both of these tlangers they arranged that their employees should have no interest whatever in pushing the .sale of s|iirils, and, by making it [x-nal to |M.-rmit drunkenness, they gave their servants an interest in its prevention. " They further l)elieved that it would Ik; a great gain to sobriety if food were taken along with drink : and they arranged that food should always Ik; procurable on their premi.ses. The law of Sweden, it is true, had made the supply of food obligatory on all holders of licen.ses for the sale of spirits on the premises : but this provision of the law had been systematically evaded, and was in fact a dead letter. The Ixilag set themseves in good faith to carry out the law both in the letter and the spirit, and in order that this should Ix; done, they arranged to allow the jx;rsons in aragraphs descriptive of the working of the "samlag," or comjwny, are from a pam|)hlet entitled Local Option in Norway, by .Mr. Thomas M. Wilson, a civil engineer who has resided in Hergen for over thirty years. " In 1S76 the <-ompany obtained the entire nuinopoly of the Hergen li(|uor, licenses to o|K-rate from January 1, 1H77. It has therefore stood the test of thirteen years' experience now, and the statistics we give cover the whole of that |K-rio(l, but for convenience we give them in a summari/ed form. The company's licenses convey the right to retail ardent spirits and all drinks which ardent sjjirits form a com ponent part ; that is to say, the com()any may sell at retail (in addition to wholesale, which can Ik; carried on under an ordinary trading license), the definition of retail sale Ix-ing any (piantity less than forty litres (about ten and one-half gallons) at a time and in one delivery. Retail sale means practically, however, the selling of ardent s[)irils and spiritu- ous li(|uors in drams, glasses or bottles across the counter. " The transfer of the retail trade in ardent spirits from the private licenses to the com[)anies took place by the natural ojK'ration of the license law, after the amendment which enabled ap()lications for licenses from companies to be entertained had been jwssed by the Norwegian parlia- ment ; and the transfer was effected without any obstruction in the supi)ly of ardent spirits for legitimate consumption. The change was made wuhout any com[K'nsation to the displaced private licensee.-; for the refusal to renew the licenses they previously held. It displaced twenty-one private licenses in Bergen without any real inconvenience to the general public, and was carried out with as little hard- .ship and as much consideration to the displaced publicans as was possible. The Iwr premises are quite plainly fitted up, without the slightest glitter ; they are kept clean and respectable, while the managers and assistants are exhorted to show every courtesy in dealing with the customers. There are no seats * Mr. Whytc't p.imphlet. 114 PROHIBITION LEADERS Hi I Mi ! of any kind provided, no private compartments, nor any indurements for loitering on the premises. There are no barmaids, only men in uniform, each with a distinguishing number on his collar to enable his identification in case of complaints. The bars are not (jermitted to he used as a lounging place for the la/y and the dissipated. Persons of immature age, or children, are not permitted to enter the premises. In short, all the attractions of n gin-palace are conspicuously absent. The rules and regulations for saloons prescril)e that the premi.ses shall he kept open on week-days from eight o'clock a.m., till noon, when they are closed till 1.30 p.m. From this hour till 8.30 p.m., they are again open, except on days preceding Sundays and holidays, when they arc closed at 5 o'clock in the afternoon. No li(|uor must be sold on credit, and all serving must be done in glasses belonging to the company. It is forbidden to give li(|uor to intoxicated fKirsons, or in such <|uantity that probable intoxication may ensue. Immediately upon consuming the licpior ordered, the customer must leave the premises. Children are not admitted to bars. Decorous deportment is enjoined, and order and propriety strictly maintained. Customers are forbidden to treat bartenders and other saloon employees. " The directors reported that they had attempted to introduce experimentally in one of the •■ mpany's bars the sale of coffee, tea, milk, and bread and butter, but had been obliged to abandon the experiment, partly by reason of the unsuitability of the premises and ,'-'rtly from catering with the trade in ardent spirits was not desirable. The directors, however, stated their opinion that the establishment of a large, conveniently situated, and respectably managed refreshment-room would be of incalci lable benefit to the working classes, and that the establishment of these should become one of the company's first duties, whenever means for the purpo.se were available." " The suggestion was (|uickly carried out by another organization, the Bergen (Coffee House Company, formed for the purpose, which established coffee houses, and they have been carried on for a good many years now with excellent financial and moral results." SOMK DUriCUl.TIKS. Probuoly the most interesting information for our readers in connection with this matter will be the results that have attended the operation of these respective systems. Before referring to them, however, it is important that there should be set out some of the conditions which have aflfected their operation. Mr. Whyte refers to the operation of some of the.se in Cothenburg as follows : "It is indeed hard to say what has been the real effect of the Ciothenburg system. I'or it is true, although not generally known that the Cothen./urg system has only had a very partial and imperfect trial in (lothenburg, as the follow- ing particulars will show : The bolag has in its own iiands only nineteen public houses, four eating houses in which spirits are sold, .seven shops for the sale of spirits by retail, for consumption off the premises, and five coffee-shops and reading-rooms in which no intoxicating drink at all is .sold. Outside this there is a very large trade in intoxicants in the city, with some of which the bolag is partially connected, but with most of which it has nothing to do. There are seventeen licen.sed restaurants, clubs and hotels which sell spirits, wine and l)eer. 'The bolag supplies the.se with all the spirits that they re(|uire. Now, it ought to be particularly noted that these concerns, in violation of the principle on which the bolag was founded, are all managed for private profit by private enterprise. Further, there are twenty-three licen.ses (held by wine merchants) for the sale of spirits for (Consumption off the premises, for which the merchants pay to the bolag an average of $735 each per annum. 'These merchants buy their licpiors wherever they plea e and sell them to whomso- ever they please. They all sell for their own profit. They " farm" the "retail" trade in spirits from the bolag. In this case also the foundation principle of the Oothenburg system is flagrantly violated. " 'Then there are five houses having spirit, wine and l)eer licenses for sale on or off the premises, which are held by l)ermanent tenures and are in no way under the control of the bolag. One of the.se is the (lota Kallare (tiie inn of Ciothenburg), another the l.orent/.berg gardens, another Siemens great restaurant, another the Ma.son's lodge and the fifth the Exchange restaurant. Further, there exist the formidable numl^er of 1 28 wine and beer shops licensed for consumption on the premises, with which the bolag has nothing to do and which do a very large business, and an unknown number of shopkeepers who sell wine and l)eer for consumption off the premi.ses. "It is surely obvious enough that in circumstances such as thes= it would l)e no light task to distinguish the effects of the bolag's o])erations from the effects of the operations of the other drink-sellers. Besides, there are other influences, economic, moral and educational, whi"' have operated upon the drinking customs in (lothenburg with varying degrees of vigor and effectiveness, during the whole period that the bolag has been in existence. These, it is ea.sy to see, have introduced other difficulties into the (juestion -- "What has l)een the effect of the Ciothenburg system ?" The same difficulty operates to a certain extent in Ber gen. While it would seem that there are no bars for the sale of ardent spirits authorized outside those controlled by the "samlag," or company, tiiere are a large number of wine and ale shops in the hands of pri'.Ue persons. The latest figures show that the authorized ti(|uor traffic in Bergen was carried on in thirteen bars for the sale of .dent spirits mono|)()lized by tiie conipany, four wine and ale shops in ihe iiands of the company and cy wine and ale shops in the hands of private persons. To set out the exact results of the Ciothenburg and Bergen systems is not easy. The early jperativin of the iM^mm, PROHIBITION ilothenburg system, reducing as it did the number of spirit licenses, must have materially affected the li(iuor traffic, This is strikingly shown in a table given below setting out ine cases of drunkenness and delirium tremens in Cothen- burg from 1855 to 1891. It will l)e readily seen that on the enactment of the present law in 1855 there was an immediate, remarkable improvement, and that another great change took place when the company was inaugurated in 1865. CASKS OK DRUNKEiVNKSS AND <;OTHENBUR(; FROM DKI.IKIUM 1855 TO I rRKMKNS IN 891, Vear. (2 1855 24,804 i85f> 33.424 "864 42.443 ■865 4S.7SO 1866 47,332 1S67 1868 1869 1870. 1871 1872 •873 1874 18/S 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879 1880 1881. 47,89s 50.438 52,526 53,822 55,110 55,986 56,939 58.307 S9.9S6 61,505 63.391 65.697 66,844 68,477 7«.S33 1882 72,555 1883 77,653 1884 80,811 1885 84,450 1886 88,230 1887 91.396 1888 94370 • 889 97.677 1890 101,502 1891 104,215 ? ■= h 3.43' 2,658 2,i6r 2,070 1,424 '.375 ■ ,32-^ '.445 1,416 1.53' 1.581 1,827 2,234 2,490 2,410 2.542 2,114 .-.059 2,101 2,282 2,096 2,364 2.375 2,475 2,776 2,911 2,922 3.282 4,010 4,624 0.2 Z '38 80 5" 45 30 29 26 28 26 28 28 3J 38 42 39 40 32 3' 3" 32 29 30 29 29 3' 32 3' 34 40 44 T3 B ^ 5 (3 .2 118 107 82 54 75 90 80 '23 "59 lul 80 89 89 64 42 44 53 59 52 55 84 56 62 30 42 44 3' Another table submitted by Mr. (iould gives the arrests for drunkenness in Bergen since the coming into operation of the samlag system, but does not give the figures for population and delirium tremens. It is as follows : ARRKSTS FOR DRUNKKNNKSS IN HKR(;KN. Year. 1875 1876. 1877 1878. 1879 1880 • <'8. . 1882. 1883. 1884.. Arrests 1,049 1,186 1,013 883 820 901 738 596 838 708 LEADERS 115 Vear. Arresti. 1885 807 1886 701 1887 68s 1888 728 1889 729 1890 1,122 '891 1,047 Mr. Whyte, whose observations were close and conclu- sions careful, writes as follows in regard to this matter : HUHI.IC OPINION. " I think, however, that it is true, although not clearly demonstrable, that the ( Gothenburg scheme hr.s done some good ; that it has effected an improvement on what was notoriously a very bad condition of things. Beyond doubt the prevailing opinion amongst those Swedes and Nor- wegians who are most likely to judge the (juestion intelli- gently and impartially is that the system has been of advantage to the cause of sobriety wherever it has been brought into operation ; and they cite certain broad facts which, at first sight at any rate, seem to warrant the conclu- sion. They point to the circumstance that immediately after the sjstem had come into operation in (lothenburg, the condition of that city as regards sobriety and public order improved, while other communities which had not adopted the scheme continued to suffer the old evils in their old intensity ; but that when they, too, had adopted the system their condition at once improved. NOT ylllTK SOUND. " 'I'hert i.s, I am convinced, real substance in this argu- ment, but less than those who use it suppose. They do not make sufficient allowance for changes in the economic con- dition of Scandinavia, which certainly coincided in point of time with, and probably to a large extent caused, the improvements which are attributed e.xclusively to the opera- tion of the Gothenburg system. For some time after the system was established in (lothenburg trade was dull and wages low. Take the parallel case of the United Kindom itself. In this country dullness of trade, low wages, the teaching of temperance and the spread of teetotalism have brought down the consumption of alcohol from the equiva- lent of 5.01 gallons of proof spirits per head in 1876 to the e(iuivalent of 4.16 gallons in 1890. Influences of nrecisely the same character have been in operation in I Gothenburg also. Up to 1876 there was only the experience of that city to go upon ; and, as to that, Sir F. R, I'lunkett, writing under date Octolier 9, .says : " There can l)e little doubt that the influence of the new system must have twen beneficial from the very commencement, but this influence was, during the (irst ten years of the company's existence, morr than counter-lialanced by the rise in workmen's wages, which was considerable towards the latter end of the decade." He adds: " At the conclusion of this ten years it was evident that on the whole the cause of public order and morality had not prospe ,ed in (tolhenburg, and many people were rrndy to pronounce the new 1 i 1 r V ' V i Ji i f ^ L li. ' 'i 1 ) r M ii6 PROHIBITION LEADERS \til 111: J syiiem a failure. In the year 1876, however, a change Ml in, and the last fourteen yeara have been narked by a steady diminution in the consumption of apirits per head of the population, in the convictions for drunlcennass in proportion to population, and in the number of cases of delirium tremens. He then goes on : " In the year 1876 the total amount of spirits, native and foreiKn, consumed in Ciothenburg, stood at a total of $1,777,728 litres, or 28.90 litres per head of the population. The returns fur the year 1889 show that the (juantity of spirits consumed in thiti year amounted to 1,568, 154 litres, the population having increased in the interval from 61,500 to 97,677. The amount consumed per head had therefore fallen from 28.9olitres to 16.05 litres." " The figures for 1890 show .-i still further decrease. Kor that year the (luantity per head sold by the bolag had fallen to 15.9 litres These figures are held to settle the matter, but, as it happens, they do not. To iK-gin with, they do not represent the actual consumption of spirits in Ciothenhurg, hut only the (juantity disposed of by the bolag itself They thus accounted (or. This estimate is confirmed by the country authority for a portion of the |)rofits, on the sale of spirits in (lothenburg, on the ground that a good deal of this sale was of liquor consumed by provincials, and that ultimately it was settled .seven-tenths of the profits should go to the municipality of (lothenburg, two-tenths to the national treasury, and one-tenth to the agricultural association of the country. We may, therefore, take it for granted that seven- tenths of the li(|Uor sold in (lothenburg is consumed in (lothenburg. " Hut, ([uite evidently, seven-tenths of the alcohol sold in (lothenburg is a very formidable amount indeed. For even seven-tenth? of the sixteen litres of spirits |)er head of the population supplied by the bolag alone is equal to 2.49 gallons to twice the (|uantity of spirits consumed per head of the jieople of Sweden as a whole, and to more than two and a half times the amount used per head of the popula- tion in the United Kingdom. Then assuming that of the s])irits drunk in (lothenburg one-third are supplied by the twenty-three wir:e merchants and the holders of the |)er- manent licenses — and that is a low estimate — the total consumption of spirits per head of the population of (lothen- burg is 3.73 gallons." The consumption of spirits, beer and wine in Canada per head for the year 1893 is given in the internal revenue report as less than 4.32 gallons. These (lothenburg figures, it must be remembered, are for spirits alone, exclusive of the large amocnt of beer which has been sold either by the company or any other parties, "/he Canadian per capita of spirits is .74 gallons. KAIMIRES OK THK llOI.At!. Plainly the bolag has not succeeded in making the con- dition of (lothenburg even tolerable, not to say satisfactory. That, however, may, to some extent, have been l)ecause of the limitation of its power. Hut what is of special import- ance and significance is that it has also failed, signally, in what the bishop of Chester would designate the " con- structive " part of its operations. The bishop holds that the defect of the temperance policy of this country is that it is "one-sided and merely negative." Something " constructive," he thinks, is what is needed, and, as evidence that such a policy would succeed, he points to the experience of (loth- enburg and Sweden generally. Well, the bolag has tried fiiirly and scjuarely to make its public houses restaurants for workingmen that is its contribution to the establishment of a " constructive " policy and it has failed." Of the nine- teen public houses in which drink is freely sold not one can by any reasonable stretch of language be called a " restau- rant." 1 asked the manager of one of the largest of them what proportion of his takings were for food. He replied that it was a small proportion. I .said : ' A fourth ? ' He I'll ii8 I'ROHIBITION LEADERS II laughed and said : ' No, no ; it is not worth mentioning.' This was in the presence of the consul, who arted as interpreter. DRUNKENNKSS UNKKK IIIK HOI..\(;';> .MANACK.MKNT. " Another point in which the bolag have failed in this. They have not been able to get their servants to so conduct the drink business as to i)revent the amount of drunkenness in connection with their jjublic houses from being about as great as that which occurs in ordinary li(|uor shops in this country. I ([uestion if as great an amount of intoxication can be seen amongst the ordinary visitors to an average English public hause as is to be witnessed amongst the customers of the bolag in their establishments. I visited a numlier of these places alone, and saw in them a numlx;r of jHjrsons who were intoxicated. I subseijuently visited them in the company of the British consul. In one place we found about fifteen men of the laboring class. One of them was having a cu() of hot tea at a side seat. The rest were drinking Swedish brandy. After looking round, the consul sai 1883-84 1,300 1H84 85 I,25» 1885-86 1,264 1886-87 1,254 188788 1,199 1888-89 I. if? 1889 90 1,216 TOTAI. CONSl'MI'l ION ()!■ IIKANIIV (N NOKWW KKOM 1X7(1 l() i8<;o. In country Total. districts. 474 1,767 459 1.792 428 1.734 389 1,689 3»i 1,639 3'4 i,57X 294 1.548 298 1.497 289 l,49f> 270 1,486 Year. Kstimateil population. 1S76 1,840,000 1877 l,86j,coo 1878 1,890,000 1879 1,916,000 1880 1,921,000 iHSl 1 921,000 1882 1,923,000 1883 1,928,000 1884 1,924,000 18S5 1,959,000 1886 1,974,000 1887 1,979,000 188X 1,980,000 1889 1,986,030 1H90 2,0x1,000 Total con^ulll|llion. (JUAI Is. 12,963. S9S-<> 11,6944,48.9 8,952,362.4 6,543,086 4 7,885,C95.4 6,132,030.1 7,650,308.0 6,717,441.9 7,071,416.4 7,227.82!'.o 6,237,813.5 5,884,762.3 6,367,674.2 6,697,346.6 6,557,880.2 I'cr capita • .Juari.i. 7.0 6-3 4-7 34 41 .5-2 4.0 3 5 3-7 37 .?-2 ,io 3-2 .1-4 •i 3 of the conscripts were unlit for military service. 'I'he following figures, which have lieen forwarded to me through Mr. Duff, the British consul at Ciothenburg, from the stati.stical department at Stockholm, show very strikingly the great improvement which in recent years has taken place in the physi(|ue of the Swedish people. The numlier of con- scripts rejected on account of unfitness for military service from 1831 to 1890 is as follows : 1831 to 1840 35.7 per cent. 1841 to 1850 36.4 " 1851 10 1863 35.7 " 1861 to 1870 27.8 " 1871101880 23.7 1881101890 20.4 " IIK.KK DKINklNi; INIRKASINC. Mr. Berner, already mentioned, deplores the fact that of late years intem|)erance has l)een increasing, and discusses at some length the causes of thi.s, mentioning specially the development of the l)eer traffic and lieer drinking, which are fast assuming alarming proportions. The following table forcibly shows this, and probably explains to some extent the increase in drunkenness shown in the statistics of C.oth- enburg and Bergen ; l()N.-il!MI'Il()N ()!■■ IIKKR IN NORWAV 1887 TO l8l)l. To each in- habitant. •Quarts, 18.7 21.9 22 I 26.2 3'-2 Vears Beer con- sumed. Quailf. 1886 S7 36,748,856 188788 43,281-798 188889 43.87'>."69 188990 52,224,439 I89.-9I 62,365,483 Mr. Whyte write- It has l)een stated that lor the ten years l)etween 1841 and 1.S50 no fewer tiiaii ,^(1.46 |K'r cent Our rciders will find the facts set out above exceedingly instructive. We ailJ the following as the more important paragraphs of Mr. Could's summing up of the advantages and disadvantages of the com[)any system as it operates in Norway and Sweden : AIIVANI ACKS. " I. The thing which strikes an .\merican as the most conspicuous merit of the company system is the complete divorcing of the liiiuor tialfic from politics. In the .Amer- ican understanding of the |)hrase the elimination of the "saloon element as a political power" is complete. The si()(-kholders in these brandy companies are, as a rule, prominent citizens in the place in Cothenburg, for example, some of the very best known. The employes, who deal directly witii tiie practical details of the business, are simply paid servants of the companies, and none of them, so far as could be learned, hold any position what- ever under the city or local governments, or have friends or ba( kers therein. lUit then it must Ik; remembered that a high tone in nuini.ii)al jiolitical life as yet prevails in the Scandinavian kiii^/ionis. 'Ring' politics, so to s|K'ak, are but imperfectly understood. " 2. The company monopoly has been so administered that a general rjdiiction of thi- number ol licenses has been I il: 1 ■:' ! •■'■ i it a I'ROHIHITION LKADERS brought about everywhere, and conseciuentlv a lessening of the temptation to drink. Side by side with this there has t)een a marked improvement in the character of the saloons, immoral accessories having universally disap|)eared. The police authorities have uniforntiy availed themselves of the right through the contracts made by the companies with sul>-licenses to impose conditions which put an effectual stop upon gambling or immoral practices in places where liijuor is sold. " \. It would be a very strange condition of affairs, indeed, in any matter of this kind if, where the element of private gain was entirely eliminated, a resulting improvement did not take place. " 4. .\ series of efficient checks is imposed against a breach of trust, sui)posing there may exist an inclination to commit it. In the first place, the final decision concerning all matters in Sweden rests with the governor, who is an officer appointed by the crown and a man of high character and wide administrative knowledge ; iiecondly, the licenses hold good only during the governor's pleasure ; thirdi' , an efficient co-operation is established l)etween the comj iny and the police officials ; fourthly, there are three parties to the distribution of the surplus profits, each one active to secure fair dealing ; fifthly, the general conduct of the business is open to public insj)ection, as the bars and places of sale are always put in prominent places, where they may l)e in general view ; and, sixthly, the company monopoly secures a strict enforcement of legal and police regulations in relation to the '.iijuor traffic. " 5. The companies have in some measure gone lK>yond the legal requirements in the line of general interest, particularly in raising the age of minority from fifteen, where the law puts it, to eighteen, as regards selling drink to young persons, and also in insisting upon immediate cash payment for liquors sold, .\gain, they have gradually raised the price of drinks, at the same time reducing their strength. The lack of competition [K-rmits this. "6. In Norway the saloons are closed on Sundays and iit those periods of the day when the working man is mo.st tempted to drink. It is impossible, therefore, for him to spend his leisure moments carousing at bars. Nothing whatever is found in saloons which invites to conviviality, (lenerally there are no seats even, and the rules of order of all the companies, which, judging from jXTsonal observa- tions, are enforced, prescribe that as soon as the drinking is done the customer must leave the i)remises. " 7. All employees of the company being paid fixed salaries of fair proportions, and civil service principles l)eing established in promotion.s, there is no temptation to push the sale of drink ; on the contrary, it is made to the distinct interest of the employees to act otherwise." DISAllVANTAC.I.S. " I. The monopoly does not extend far enough. In order to achieve the maximum of benefit, fermented drinks must be included as well as spirituous. As has already Ixjen pointed out in the discussion of the causes of drunkenness in recent years, one effect of restraining the consumption of spirits has l)een the development of a wider consumption of l)eer. This is all the more :icrious since women ilrink it to n considerable extent, where.is they have only rarely Ijcen consumers of spirits. It is certain that this defect will soon l)e remedied, both in Norway and Sweden. " 2. A legal defect applicable to Norway is found in the limit for retail sales, which is not fixed high enough. The Swedish practice is much better. Norwegian statistics show that sixty-two per cent, of all the liijuors sold in that country are for home consumption. The amount (io'2 gallons) is sufficiently small to |)erniit grocers to sell spirits to their customers along with goods, charging for them a much cheaper rate than the companies' price. This fact, together with the progress of Prohibition in the country districts and the growing consum[)tion of beer, is jjrincipally responsible for the lack of hoped for improvement in many of the small towns. They are incidents of, but not flaws in the system itself. " V The third defect is that at present the retail of wine and beer in towns and country districts is conducted in connection with general business. This privilege should be abrogateil. " .(. From the temperance view of the case it is feared that tlie upper classes of society do not wish to go further than the (lothenburg system. Some of them would not like to see the drinking of spirits made unrespectable. Conse- (juently a practical difficulty may be raised in the future should it come to a choice between the company system and Prohibition. Furthermore, it is feared that municipalities will not wilhngly surrender the revenues now accruing from the com|)anies' profits. Should these decline largely it is also held that philanthropic motives may Ik.- put in the background. " 5. A monopoly of production by the state does not now exist. It is generally l)elieved that this would Ix; one of the surest means of contributing to the success of the (lothenburg plan. " 6. The (|uestion of profits is undeniably conspicuous. Notwith-standing the efforts to eliminate the purely economic features a few cases have occurred in which rich men have become meml)ers of the companies and the economic features of the administration have been given too great prominence ; but it is only fair to state that such instances have Ixien exceedingly few, indeed, that a minimum danger only is signalled here. A notable exception lu administra- tion for economic ends is the case of the (lothenburg company, where a handsome appropriation is allowed every year for the maintenance of reading-ro >ms. The lo.ss resulting to the company from these anr'. frori the conduct of eating houses were liquor is not sold, e;.cept in single drams at meal.s, is winked at. Here, indeed, we have the spectacle of an administration for public weal, approved and even abetted by the titular recipietits of economic- advantages." II jE THE ONTARIO LOCAL OPTION LAW. Hnun the Vangiuird, published in Toronto, Ontario. Bl'.l ORK confcdiTation, municipalities in Ontario, which was then a part of the old province of Canada, had authority to prohibit tlu- nt.iil sale of li<|uor within their resiM-'ctive limits. In 1878 the Dominion parliament enacted the Canada teni|)erance act. which conferred prohibitory power on a majority of the electors in counties and cities. The old act then fell into disu.se, and was dropped from the provincial statute books. The Scott act came into force in a good many counties in the province of Ontario, but was sul)se(|uently repealed. .\fter the repeal temperance workers ap|)lied to the legisla- lature for the re-enactment of the old provincial option law. It was thought by some that the prohibitions of that measure could be made more elTective than that of the Scott act. It was also a measure available for smaller areas than is the Canada temperance act. The latter measure applied only to a county or city, local option by-laws could be enacted for the smaller municipalities, a numlK'r of which go to make up a county. The enactment giving municipalities power to ab.solutely prohibit the retail sale of lii|uor is found in the Ontario statutes, 5.5 N'ic, cap. 56, sec. 18, and is in the following terms : " The council of every township, cily, town and incorporated village may p.iss liylaws (or prohibilinf; ihe .sale by retail o( spirituous, fermented or other manufacturey the sections in that Iwhalf of the Municipal Act. "No bylaw passed under Ihe provisions of this section shall be repealed by the council passing Ihe same, until after the expiration of three years from the day of its coming into force, nor until a by law for that purpose shall h.ive l>een submitted to the electors and approved by them in the same manner as the original bylaw, and if any such repealing bylaw (u|>on being submitted to the electors) is not so approved, no other repealing by-law shall be submitted for the like approval within the full term of three years thereafter." fOSITIVK PKOHiniTION. The right of the legislature to enact this law has been upheld by the court of appeal. It is at once simple, com- prehensive and elTective. Being a part of the so-called " License .\ct" of the province of Ontario, it has no special machinery provided for its enforcement. A local option prohibitory bylaw simply prevents the issue of liijuor licenses. .Ml the machinery and authority of the license- law are available under it for the prevention of any liquor- selling, as they are elsewhere for the prevention of unlicensed li(|iior selling. This is made very clear by section 1 j of the li(|uor license amendment act of i8yi, which is in the following terms : " The sale or keeping for sale of liquors without license in any city, town, incorporated village or township in which there is in force any l)ylaw fur prohibiting Ihe sale of liipiors passed in p irsuance of section 18 of the act passed in the tiftylhird year of Her Majesty's reign, entitled ' .\n Act to Improve the Li(|Uor License Laws,' shall nevertheless I* a contravenlion of sections 49 and 50 of this act ; and all the provisions respecting Ihe sale or keeping for sale of liijuor in conttnvention of said sections, and penalties and procedure in reference thereto, shall be of full force and elTect in such municipality, notwith- standing such prohibitory by-law." " .Sections 49 and 50 of this act " referred to in the clause above ijuoted are sections 41) and 50 of the li(|uor license act, and are as follows : 49. No person shall sell by wholssale or rdail any spirituous, fermented, or other manufactured liquors without having first obtained a license under this act authorizing him t j do so ; but this section ..hall not apply to sales under legal process or for distress, or sales by assignees in insolvency. 50. No person shall keep or have in any house, building, shop, ealini.;-house, saloon or house of public entertainment, or in any room or place whatsoever, any spirituous, fermented or other manufactured licpiors for the purpose of selling, bartering or trading therein, unless duly licensed thereto under the provisions of this act ; nor shall the occupant of any such ihop, eating house, saloon, or house of public entertainment, unless duly licen.sed, permit any liquors, whether sold by him or not, to be consumed upon the premises, l)y any person other than members of his family, or employees, or guests not l)eing customers. It will be seen from the .sections quoted that a local option prohibitory bylaw means absolute prohibition of the retail .sale of liquor. The machinery for enforcement has been in course of development and improvement for many years, and is now very strong and effective. WHOLESALE LlytJOR-SELLINO. As the act now stands a local option by-law does not prohibit the issue of licenses to sell liquor by wholesale. ■Ih ■■ I i^l^ il I'ROMiiii I ION i,i;.\|)i;rs Section 4 of till' li(|UorliiviiM' act, however, (Klines (he sale of lii|uor !)>• wholesale as selling, harteriiij; or Irathcking in li(|Uor in <|iiantilies of not less than five gallons each, or in the case of la^er heer, four gallons, or in tlie case of hottlcd litiuor, one do/en bottles of three half pints. Section \^ provides that wholesale licenses shall he issueil only for premises on which is <'arrieil on no other husinciis than that of wholesaleing, and provides that the license shall lie void if any retailing is done iqion siu li premises. Sections 41 and 44 provide that no wholesale license shall Ik.' issued for a le.ss fee than $250. .Section (>i prohibits the consumption of li(|Uor on the premises on which it is wholesaled, or within any building which lommuiiicates in any way with such premises. These restrictions are so stringent as to make wholesaleing practically impossible except in a few verv populous munici- palities. There were last year only nine municipalities, six arters spirituous, fermented or manufactured liquors of any kind, or inlosicating liipiars of any kind, without Ihc license Iherrfor by law recjuired, shall for the tirst olTense, on conviction thereof, forfeit and pay a penally of not less than $10 besides costs, and not more than $50 liesides costs ; and in default nf payment thereof he shall be imprisoned in the county j.iil of ihc county in which the offence w.is committed, for a period of nut less than Ihrie months, and to be kept al hard labor in the discretion of the conviclinj; mai^islrate; and for the second offense, on conviction thereof, such fterson shall be imprisoned in such jail for the period of four months, to \te kept al hard labor in the discretion of the convicting manislrato : and for the third or subsequent offense on conviction thereof, such person shall be imprisoned in some jail for the period of ^ix months, to lie kept at hard lalx)r in the enally or otherwi.se, the terms of imprisonment under such warrant shall be corseculive and not concurrent." The having - keeping li(|uor for s-de is als ) an oflense against the law, iieing a contravention of section 50 above <|uoted. It is ;.n independent oifence, and a person con- victed of it, whether found guilty of selling liiiuor or not, is punishable by a fine of not less than $20 and costs for a first offense, not less than $40 and costs for a second offense with ituprisonment at hard labor in case of default of pay- ment, and lor a third or subse(iuent offense imprisonment for three months at hard labor, without the option of a fine. Sec. 85 of the Act sets this out. If an officer of a municijwl corporation is convicted of an offense under the Act, he shnll also vacate his office atul l)e distiualified from holding any such office for two years. If an ins|K'itor or officer appointed by the government or commissioners prosecutes an offender uiuier this .Vi't, and a fine is impo.sed, such fine is paid at once into the license fund to l)e used for paying the ex|)enses of enforcing the law. If any other |H;rson is the pro.secutor, the fine is paid to the treasurer ot the mimi<'i|)alily in which the olTense was (omniitted, and thi t itinicipal council is rLi|uia' iolating any of ih." provisions of this .ict, it shall lie his duly to make ililig-nt inquiry inic the truth of such information, and enter complaint of such violation iwfore the proper court, without communi- cating ihe name of the pers m (jiving such information : and il shall be the duty of Ihe crown attorney, within the county in which iheuffense is committed, lo attend to the prosecuiion of all cases commiMeil to him by the inspector or ofliccr appointed under the act by the lieutenant governor.'' IHlWKKs OK OI-'KIl KKs. IJO. " 11) Any ollicer, policeman, constable or insiwcior may, for the purpcse cif preventing or delecting the violation of any of the pro- visicms of this act which it is his duly to enforce, al any lime enter into any and every pari of any inn, tavern or other house or place of public cnlerlainment, shop, warehouse or other place wherein refreshments ot liquors are sold, or reputed to Ik; sold, whether under license cr not, and may make searches in every part thereof, and of the premises con- nected therewith, as he may think necessary (or ihe purpose aforesaid." (2) Kvery person l)eing therein, or having charge thereof, who refuses or fails to admit such officer, imliceman, constable ot inspector, or any such searches as aforesaid, shall Iw liable lo the penalties and punishments prcsrribed by section 70 of this acl. i.i(.>i (IK \t.\\ UK ii;';sTk()VKii. 132. When any insjieclor, policeni.in, constable or olhccr in making or attempting lo make any search under or in pursuance of the authority conferred by the preceding two sections of this act or under the warrant mentioned In th; last preceding section, tir.ds in an unlicensed house or place any >pirituous or fermented li(|Uor, which, in his opinion, is unlawfully kept for sale or disposal contrary lo this act, he may forthwith seize ami remove the same, and the vessels in which the snme is kept, and upon the conviction of the occupant of such house or place, rir of any other person for keeping spirituous or fermented li<|uor for sale in such house or place without license, the justices mak- ing such conviction may, in ami by Ihe said conviction, or by a separate or subsequent order, declare the said liquor and vessels, or any part thereof, lo lie forfeited lo Iler Majesty, and may order and direct thai Ihe said inspector, policeman, constable or ollicer shall (IK 11.1.1(11 (,K(H;i.KKtKS. (2) Any inipeclor, policemin, conitable or olVicet having in pur- tiiance of the iwu precrdint; icclinna or tithei of them entered any unlicenseil premises in which he «ei«e» or from whiuh he removes any such liipior as aforesaid, m.iy demand die name and address of iny person found in such premises, and if such person rcfusei to give hii name and address, or if the inspector, policeman, conslalile or ollicer has reasonalile ground to suppose Ihat the name or aildress given it false, may examine such person further as tii the correctness of such name or address, and may if such person fail upon such demand to give his name cr aildress or to answer saliafactorily the <{uesii put to him liy the inspector, policeman or oflicer, apprehend him wi.houl warrant and carry him, as soon as practicalile, hel'ure a justice of the |ieace. Any person foumt on the premises aforesaid who in answer to the inspector, policeman, conslal>le, or ollicer, refuses to give his name and address or to answer snlisfaclorily the (piestions put to him by ihe inspector, policeman, constable or ollicer, shall be liable lo a penally of not less than $10 nor more than $20 besides costs, and in ilefaull of payment shall be imprisoneil fur a period of not less than twenty and not more than forty days. I'KWI l\ KIK HKKKIICI OKKUKKS. IJ4. (I) It shall be the duly of every olTuer, policeman, constable or inspector in each mnniripalily, lo sec that the several provisions of this act are duly oliserved, anout to take place ; and proof of consumpiion or intended consumption of liquor on premises under license or in respect to which a license is required under this act, by some person other than the occupier of said premises, shall be evidence that nuch liquor vias sold to the person consuming or lieing alHiut to consume or carrying away the same, as against the holder of the license or the occupant of the said premises. IIIK (K'fl'i'.XNT HKI.li KKSI'dNsllll >:. III. (I) The occupant of any house, shop, room or other place in which any s.'xie, barter or Iraltic of spirituous, fermented or manufac- tured litpiors, or any matter, act or thing in contravention of any of the provisions of this acl, has taken plac, shall be personally liable to Ihe penally anil punishments prescrllied in sections 70 and 71 of this act, as llie case may lie, notwithstanding such sale, barter, or traflic, be iiiadi- by some other poison, who cannot be proved to have so acted under or by Ihe directions of such occupant, and proof of the fact of such sale, barter or tt.inio, or other act, matter or thing, by any person in Ihe employ of such occupant, or who is supposed lo be or remain in or upon the premises of such occupant, or lo act in any way for such occupant, shall be conclusive evidence that such sale, barter or traliic, or other act, mailer or thing, took place with the authority and by the direction of such occupant. (J) Kor the purposes of this section any person lieing an owner or Icsfce in actual occupation and possession of the premises, or any one who lieing in actual occupation and possession leases or sublets any part thereof in which liquor, are kept for sale, barter or trading therein, or in which they are sold or consumed, shall lie deemed to be an occupant unless such leasing or subletting shall have received the consent in writing of ihe board of license commissioners. KK.\S(IN.VI11 K KVIIlKNlK SfKI-RIKNT. 1 1 J. Ill any prosecution under this act for the sale or other disposal of liquor without the license required by law, it shall not be necessary that any witness should depose directly lo '.be precise description of the liquor sold or bartered for the precise consideration there- for, or to Ihe fact of the sale or other disposal having taken place with his participation or lo his own personal uiid certain knowledge, but the Justices or police magistrate tri'ing the case, so soon as it appears to them or him that the circumstances in evidence stifticienlly establish the infraction of the law complained of, shall put the defend- ant on his defense, and in def^.ull of his rebuttal of such evidence, shall convict him accordingly. WIINKSSKS Ml'SI TKSTIFV. The authority and power of justices to secure evidence in ca.ses of prosecution is very fully set out. Sections' 115 tnd I If) authorize them to summon any person, compel attendance, if need be, hy warrant, and commit for contempt any person refusing to give evidence or produce any books, papers or documents asked for. THK lti;VKK I'l'NISHEI). The law recognizes the important fact that a person who buysi liquor in an tmlicensed place is blamable as well as the person who sells it, and provides for his punishment by section 58 of this act. There is no special penalty set out for the offender who buys liquor illegally. He is therefore punished by the penalty .set out in clause 85 al)ove men- tioned ; that is, he is punished with the jame penalty applicable to a person who keeps liquor for sale without license. liif ! I ::1!IB! 11 if' •N I'KOMIKI riON I.KADKKS 1'I.UH SKI.I.INIi. Under previous prohiliitory laws a good di-al of troiiliU- was caust-d liy tlu- rormatimi ordiihs, in wiiicli lii|iior was supplii'd to the muihIkts so as to ovailf the law, which trom its wording did not always covit the casf of li(|uor punliased liy an organization and distrih'itcd among its nu'inU-rs. The law as it now ^tands is fi.iind in sectiy the Act of iHi>o. It reads thus: 5j. (!) Any lociety, auociilion or cliili which hai been or »hill Ik formnl or incorporated luiiler the tcl respectin); IwnevolenI, priividrni anil other societiei and any unim-orporaleil society, auociation or dull, and any memlwr, ollicer or nervant thereof, or |icr»on mortini! 'hereto, who ihall arler liijiiur to any memlier thereof, or to any other prnon without the license therefor liy ihik act rcijuired, thall lie hvid to have violated lection 49 of this act anil ihall incur the penalties provided for lh« sale of liijuor without iicenie. 1 2) The krepini; 01 havinj; in any house or liuilding, or in any room or place iKcupicd or conliolled l>y such club, awocialion or society, or any memlier or memliers thereof, or liy any person resortini; thereto, of any liijuor for lale or liaiter, shill lie a violation of section 50 of this act. (J) Proof of consumption or intended consumption of liipi.ir in »uch premises by any memlier of such cluli, association or society, or person who resorts thereto, shall lie conclusive evidence of sale of such lii|uor, and the occupant of the premises or any memlier of the club, asancia- lion or society or |i«rson who resorts thereto, shall lie taken conclusively to lie the person who has or keeps (herein such liijUor for sale or liarler : and any liipior found u|Min such premises shall lie linlile In seizure in the manner proviiled liy this act. OTHKR I'KoVISIONs. Of eoiirse the preeeding are only the more im|Mirtaiit provisions of this vahialile piere of legislation. The limits of the space availalile for this article preclude further details. Ill I 6" I' i ': 1^ if ALCOHOL AND THK HUMAN BRAIN. By Joseph QH)k. I). I). CASSIO'S hin^iiago in " Othello " is to gi<-ul sciciui: : " () (iod, thai iiii-ii should put an I'Mi-my in their inuuths to steal away their hrains I That we should, with joy, revel, pleasure and applause, transrorni ourselves into beasts ! To \k' now a sensihie man, hy and hy a fool, and presently a l)east '. ( ) strange ' Kvery inordinate cup is unhl.-ss'd, and the ingredient is the devil," Sliakes|)eare, Othello, act II., scene iii. Central in all the di.scussion of the influence of intoxi- cating drink u|Min the human hrain is the fact that alhuinin ous suhstances are hardened l>y alcohol. I take the while of an egg, and, as you see, turn it out in a lluid condition into a golilet. The li(|uid is a viscous, glue like substance, largely composed of alhumen It is made up of pretty near the same chemical ingretlients that constitute a large part of the hrain and the nervous system, and of many other tissues of the body. Forty per c-ent. of the matter in the corpuscles of the blood is albumen. I am alK)ut to drench this white of an egg with alcoliol. I have never |)erfornied this e.\periment l)efore, and it may not succeed, but so <-er tain am I that it will, that I purpose never to put the lH)ttle to Miy lips and introduce into my system a fiend to steal away my brain. Kdniund Hurke, when he heard W'illiani I'itt say in parliament that Kngland would stand till the day of judgment, rose and replied : " What I fear is the day of no judgment." When Booth was about to assa.ssinate Lincoln his courage failed him, and he rushed away from the theatre fur an instant into the nearest re.slaurant and (■ailed for brandy. Harden the brain by drenching it in alcohol and you harden the moral nature. If you will fasten your attention on the single fact that alcohol hardens this albuminous substance wit'.i which I place it in contact, you will have in that single strategic cir cumstance an explanation of most of its ravages upon the blood and nerves and brain. I t)eg you to notice that the white of an egg in a goblet does not l>econie hardened by exposure to the air. 1 have allowed it to remain exposed for a time, in order that you may see that there is no leger- demain in this experiment. [Laughter.) I now pour alcohol upon this albuminous fluid, and if the result here is what it has l)een in other cases, I shall pretty soon l)e able to show you a very good example of what coagulated albumen is in till' nervous system and blood i-orpuscles. N'oii will fuiil this white of an egg gradually so hardeiu'd that you can lake it out without a fork. I notice already that a '.nystcrious change in it has U'gun. A strange thicken ing shoots through tin- lluid mass. This is your mod erate drunkard that I am stirring up now. There is your tippler, a piece of him, (holding up a portion of the coagulated mass ujion the glass pestle |. I'he coagulation ol the substance of the brain and of the nervous system goes on. I am stirring up a hard drinker now. The infinitely subtle laws of chemistry take their course. Here is a man (holding up a jwrt of the magulated mass] whose brain is so leathery that he isal^'ast, and kicks his wife to death. 1 am stirring up in this goblet now the brain of a hardened sot. Or this prorigless glass rod, I hold up the large (Kirt of the while of an egg which you .saw poured into ibis glass as a lluid. Here is your man [holding up a larger mass) who has l)emHiil)ed his conscience and his reason lM)lh, and has iK'gun to l)e dangerous to society from the effects of a diseased brain. Wherever alcohol touches this albuminous substance it hardens it, and it does so by absorbing and tixing the water it contains. I dip out of the goblet now your man in . [/ A, 1.0 I.I »« IIIIIM 11112.5 ilia 1^ il 112.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 -m 6" — ► ^a. ^ /a o C/A e. ^A V o //. 7 ///. Photographic Sciences Corporation fv 4 V 4^ ■^^ O « <>/^:. rv^ ^ % i;^ % r^^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^ l^< 'Op T 126 I'ROHIHniON I.KADKRS 11 w who will not speak themselves of the relations of religion and science, and will not allow others to speak veritable dogs in the manger - will be turned as dogs out of the mangei. 1 si)cak very strongly for I have an indignation that cannot be expressed when it is said that men who join hands with physicians, and are surrounded by experts to teach them the facts, have no right to make inferences. Men educated and put into professorship to discuss as a specialty the relation of religion and sciences have no right to discuss these themes ! We have a right as lawyers to discuss such topics before juries, when we bring exjierts in to help us. I bring experts liefore yini as a jury. I assert the right of Andover, and Princeton, and New Haven, and lulinburgh, and even of this humble platform to tell you what (lod does in the brain, and to exhibit to you the freshest discoveries there of both His mercy and wrath. My support of temperance reform I would base upon the following propositions ; I. Scars in the flesh do not wash out nor grow out, but, in spite of the change of all the particles of the body, are accurately reproduced without alteration by the tlux of its particles. Let us begin with an incontrovertible proposition, liverybody knows that the scars of childhood are retained through life, and that we are buried with theni. Hut we carry into the grave no ])article of the flesh that we had in youth. All the particles of the body are in flux and are changed every few years. 'I'here is, however, -.ome thing in us that persists. I am I ; and therefore . am praiseworthy or blameworthy for things I did a score of years since, although there is not a particle of my body here now that was here then. I'he sen.se of the identity persisting in all the flux of the particles of the system, proves there is something else in man besides matter. This is a very unsubstantial consideration, you say ; but the acute and profound Cierman finds in this one fact of the persistence of the sense of identity in spite of the flux of the particles of the body, the proof of the separateness of matter and mind. Something reproduces these scars as the system throws off and changes its particles. That something must have been affected by the sc.nr-ing. There is a strange connec- tion between scars an'', ine immaterial portion of us. It is a mysterious fact, right before us daily, and absolutely incontrovertible, that something in that part of us which does not change reproduces these scars. Newton, when the apple fell on his head —according to fable, for I suppose that story is not history —found in it the law of the universe; and so in the simple fact that scars will not wash out or grow out, although the particles of the flesh are all changed, we find two colossa' propositions ; the one is that there is somewhat in us that does not change, and is not matter ; the other is, that this somewhat is connected mysteriously with the inerasibility of scars, which, therefi)re, may be said to exist in some sense in the spiritual as well as in the material substance of which we are made. 2. It is as true of scars on the brain and nervous system as of those on any less important parts of the body, that they will not wash out, nor grow out. 3. Scars on the brain or nervous system may be made by physical or mental habits, and are the basis of the self- pro()agative power of habits. 4. When the scars or grooves in which a habit runs are made deep, the habit becomes automatic or self-acting and perhaps involuntary. 5. The grooves worn or scars made by good and bad habits may be inherited. Physical identity of parent and offspring, spiritual identity of |)arent and offspring — these mysteries we have discussed here ; anil this two-fold identity is concerned in the transmission of the thirst for drink. When the drunkard who has had an inflamed stomach, is the father of a child that brings into the world with it an inflamed stomach, you have a case of the tr.uismission of alcoholic scars. 6. While self-control lasts, a bad habit is a vice : when self-control is lost, a bad habit is a disease. 7. When a bad habit becomes a disease, the treatment of it belongs to physicians ; while it is a vice, the treatment of it belongs to the church. 8. In probably nine cases out of ten, among the physical difficulties produced by the use of alcohol, and not inherited, the trouble is a vice and not a disease. 9. .Mcohol, by its affinity for water, hardens all the albuminous or glue-like substances in the body. 10. It thus paralyzes the small nerves, produces arterial relaxation and deranges the circulation of the blood. 11. It produces thus an increased quickness in the beat- ing of the heart and ruddiness of countenance, which are not signs of health, but of disease. Pardon me if I dwell a moment on this jjrojiortion, which was not made clear by science until a few years ago. You say that moderate drinking (juickens the pulse and adds ruddiness to the countenance, and that, therefore, you have some reason to believe that it is a source of health. I can hardly pardon myself for not having here a set of the chemi- cal substances that partially paralyze the small nerves. I have a list of them before me, and it includes ether and the whole series of nitrates, and especially the nitrite of amyl. If I had the latter substance here, I might, by lifting it to the nostrils, produce this flushing of the face that you call a sign of health in moderate drinking. There are five or six chemical agents that produce paralysis of the vessels of the minute circulation, and among them is alcohol. A blush is jjroduced by a slight jiaralysis of the small nerves in the interlacing ends of the arteries and veins If I had ether here, and could turn it on the back of my hand and evapo- rate it, I could partially freeze the .skin, and then, removing the ether, you would see a blush come to the f)ack of the hand. That is because the little nerves that help constrit t and keep up the proper tone of the circulating organs arc temporarily paralyzed. A permanent blush in the face of a l'k(>HII{l riON LKADKRS 1^7 drunkard indicates a purmancnt injury to the blood vessels by alcohol. The varicose vein is often produced in this way by the paralysis of some of the nerves that are connected with the fine parts of the circulatory organs. When the face blushes permanently in the drunkard the injury revealed is not a local one, l)ut is inflicted on every organ throughout the whole system. After moderate drinking you feel the heart beating faster, to be sure, but it beats more rapidly i)ecause of the paralysis d( the delicate nerves connected with the arteries, and Decause of the <:onsequent arterial relaxation. The blood meets with less resistance in passing through the relaxed circulatory organs, and so, with no additional force in the heart, that organ beats more rapidly. It beats faster simply because there is less force to overcome. The ipiickened l)ulse is a proof of disease and not of health. (See Dr. Richardson, Cantor l-ectures on Alcohol.) 12. Alcohol injures the blood bv changing the color and chemical com|)osition of corpuscles. In the stereoptican illustrations you saw that the red discs of blood are distorted in shape by the action of alcohol. You saw that the arrangement of the coloring matter in the red disc is changed. You saw that various adulterations a[)peared to come into the blood, or at least into visibility there, under the influence of alcohol. Lastly, you saw most terrible of all, an absolutely new growth occurring there — a sprout protruding itself from the side of the red corpuscle in the vital stream. Last year I snowed you what some of the di-seases of leprosy did for the blood, and you see how closely alcoholism in the blood resembles in physical effects the most terrific diseases known to man. Here are the diseases that are the great red seal of Ood Almighty's wrath again.st sensuality; and when we apply the microscope to them, we find in the blood discs these i[)routs, that greatly resemble euch other in the inebriate tnd in the le|)er. 1 )r. Harriman has explained, with the authority of an expert, these ghastly growths. These sprouts shoot out of the red discs, and he tells you that, after having been called before jury after jury as an expert, sometimes in cases where life was at stake he has studied alcoholized blood, and that a certain kind of spore, a peculiar kind of sprout, which you have seen here, he never saw except in the veins of a confirmed drunkard. I think the day is coming when, by microscopic examination of the blood di.scs, we can tell what disease a man has inherited or acquired — if it be one of that kind which takes iiold of the but all action for the right government of the ship is ended' Trumpeter Language mounts "^he shattered beams of the forecastle, and makes an oration ; it is not necessary to work, he tells the crew, but to hear him sputter yarns. It is fearful now to look upon the raging of the black sea. Every moment the storm increases in fury. As a giant would toss about a straw, so the waves handle the wrecked timbers. Night gathers her black mists into the rifted clouds, and the strong moaning sound of the storm is heard on the dark ocean. By that glare of lightning I saw a sail and a lifeboat 1 Men from another ship are risking their lives to save the insane crew whose masts are gone. They come nearer, but the boat bounds and ([uivers, and is nearly swamped upon the top of a wave. Jack C^ourage and Inde- pendence see the boat coming. " Ship ahoy," shouted the deliverers. " Life-boat from the ship Temperance I (^uit your wreck and be saved." No reply. Independence grinds his teeth and growls to Jack Courage that the offer of help is an insult. " I will tell you how to answer," says Jack, stern and bloody. There is one cannon left with a dry charge. They wheel that upon the approaching boat, and Independence holds the linstock over the fuse-hole. " Life- boat for sailors on the wreck,'' shouts Philanthropy from the approachtng boat. " What answer, ship Immortal ?" Then shoots from the ringing gun a tongue of flame, and ten pounds of iron are on their way. The Temperance boat locks lower from the wave-top, and the deadly reply just grazes the heads of the astounded philanthropists and buries itself heavily in their own ship beyond. It was an accident, they think, and keep on board the ship and stand upon its deck. Then flash from the scabbards a dozen swords ; then click the guns of a dozen muskets ; then double the palms of •3° I'ROHIHI'llON I-KADKRS a dozen fists ; then shake the clubs of a dozen maniac arms, and the unsuspecting deliverers are murdered on the deck they came to save. As the li^^htning glares I see them thrown into the sea, while thunders are the dirge of the dead and the damnation of the murderers. The drunken ship is fast filling with water. Not a man at the pumps, not an arm at the helm. Having destroyed their friends, the crew fall upon each other. Close under their bow rave the breakers of a rocky shore, but they hear it not. At intervals they seem to realize their condition, and their power even yet to save themselves, but they make no effort, (iloom, and storm and foam shut them up .igainst hell with many thunders. In this terrible extremity Inde- pendence is heard to refuse help, and boasts of his strength. Friendship and Parental Love rail at thoughts of affection. Language trumpets his easy yarns and grows garrulous as the timbers crack one after another. Rage and Revenge are now the true names of Firmness and Courage. Silly Mirth yet giggles a dance, and I saw him astride the last timber as the ship went down, tossing foam at the lightning. Then came a sigh of the storm, a groaning of waves, a boom- ing of blackness, and a red, crooked thunderbolt shot wrathfully blue into the suck of the sea where the ship went down. And I asked the names of those rocks, and was told ; " (lod's Stern and Immutable I-aws." And I asked the name of that shij), and they said : " Immortal Soul." And I asked why its crew brought it there, and they .said: " Their captain. Conscience, and helmsman, Reason, were dead." .And I asked how they died, and they said : " By one single shot from the pirate, .Alcohol ; by one charmed ball of Moderate Drinking 1 " On this topic, over which we sleep, we shall some day cease to dream. . pit HIGH LICENSE, THE MONOPOLY OF ABOMINATION. By T. DeWilt Talmage, D. D. " It is not lawful to put them into the treasury, because it is the price of bloo^i." — Matt, xxvii : 6. F^OR fifteen dollars Judas Iscariot had sold Christ. Under a thrust of conscience or in disgust that he had not made a more lucrative thing out of it, he pitches the rattling shekels on the pavement. What to do with the conscience-money, is the question. Some say, " Put it into the treasury." Others say, " It isn't right to do that, because we have always had an understanding that blood-money, or a revenue obtained by the sale of human life, must not be used for governmental or religious purposes." So they decide to take the money and purchase a place to bury paupers ; picking out a rough and useless piece of ground, all covered over with the broken ware of an adjoining pottery, they set apart THE KIRST FOTTKR's KlKLl). So you see the relations of my text when it says, " It is not lawful for to put them into the treasury, because it is the price of blood." We are at a point reformatory movements in this ■country where it is proposed to restrain, or control, or stop the traffic of ardent spirits by compelling the merchant thereof to pay a large sum, say $500 or $1,000, as a license. It is said that this will have a tendency to close up all the small drinkeries which curse our cities, and only a few men can afford to sell intoxicating drink. This MONEY RAISED BY A HIOH LICENSE will help support the poor-houses, where there are widows and orphans, sent there by the dissipation of husbands and fathers. Don't you see? This high tax will help support the prisons in which men are incarcerated for committing crimes while drunk. Don't you see? This high tax will help support the court of Oyer and Terminer, whose judges, and attorneys, and constables, and juries, and police stations, and court rooms find their chief employment in the arraign- ment, and trial, and condemnation of those who offend the law while in a state of insobriety. Don't you see ? How any man or woman in favor of the great temperance reform can be so hoodwinked as not to understand that the high- license movement is the surrender of all the temperance reformation for which good men and women have been struggling for *.he past sixty years, is to tne an amazement that eclipses everything. My subject is, " High license, the monopoly of abomination." Do you not realize, as by mathematical demonstration, that the ONE RESULT of this high-license movement, and the one result of the closing of small establishments — if that were the result — and the opening of a few large establishments, will be to make rum-selling and rum-drinking highly respectable ? These drinkeries in Brooklyn and New Vork are so disgust- ing that a man will not risk his reputation by going into them ; and if a young man should be found coming out from one of those low establishments he would lose his place in the store. Now, suppose all these small establish- ments are closed up, and that then you open the palaces of inebriation down on the avenues. It is not the rookeries of alcoholism that do the worst work ; they are only the last stopping places on the road to death. Where did that bloated, ulcerous, wheezing wretch that staggers out of a rum-hole get his habits started ? At glittering restaurant or bar-room of first-class hotel, where it was fashionable to go. Ah ! my friends, it seems to me the disposition is to stop these small establishments, which are only the rash on the skin of the body politic, and then to gather all the poison and the pius and the matteration into a few great carbuncles, which mean death. I say, give us the rash rather than the carbuncles. Here you will have ,' A SPLENDID LiyUOR E.STAUL1SHMENT. M; pieces of painting on the wall. Cut glass on silver platter. Upholstery like a Turkish harem. Uniformed servants to open the door ; uniformed servants to take your hat and cane. Adjoining rooms with luxuriant divan on which you can recline when taken mysteriously ill after too much champagne, cognac, or old Otard. All the phantas- magoria and bewitchment of art thrown around this Herod a \ 133 PROHIBITION LKADKRS of massacre, this Moloch of consumed worshi|)pers, this Juggernaut of crushed millions. I )o you not sec that this high-license movement strikes at the heart of the hest homes in America ? that it proposes the fattest lambs for its sacrifice? that it is at war with the most beautiful domestic circles in America ? Tell it to all the philanthropists who are trying to make the world better, and let journalists tell it by pen and by type that this day, in- the presence of my Maker and my Judge, I stamj) on this high-license movement as the monopoly of abomination. It proposes to pave with honor, to pillar with splendor, and guard with monopolistic advantage, a business »vhich has made the ground hollow under JMigland, Ireland, Scotland, and America with the catacombs of slaughtered drunkards. I am opposed to this high license because it is ANTI-AMERICAN, it is anti-common sense, it is anti-demonstrated facts, and it is anti-chris.ian. Our revolutionary fathers wrote first with pen and then with sword, first in black ink and then in red ink, that all men are e(|ual before the law. Impartiality written on the declaration of independence, on the consti- tution of the United States, and over the door of our state and national capitals. Now, how dare you, then, propose for $500 or $1,000 to let one man sell sweetened dynamite while you deny to his fellow the right because he can not raise more than $100, or more than $50, or cannot raise anything ? Are the small dealers in this festive liijuid to have no rights ? I plead for eijual rights, the first American doctrine. I plead for the rights of these men who are doing a small, prudent, economical business in selling extract of logwood, strychnine, and blue vitriol ! What right have you to .say to these wealthy men standing beside their great conflagration of temptation, "Ho ahead," while you deny the poor fellows in the traffic the right so much as to strike a lucifer match. Now, this high-license movement is the property • ten decanters left, ar d they will l)e set up at the end of an alley like ten-pin.s, and some reformer will take the round ball of Prohibition, and he will give one roll, but it will be a ten-strike. My friends, this subject, looked at from the side of worldly reform, is so bright ; but looked at from the side of christian reform is KUJHT THIS .; rn.K Ol'T on the old line, for victory is coming as surely as right is right, and wrong is wrong, and falsehood is false, and truth is truth, and dod is (iod. ("an it be that you are so deaf tliat you can not hear in the distance the rumbling of the oncoming chariots of victory ? 320,000 votes at the last election in Ohio for Prohibition. Kansas on the right side. Iowa on the right side. Alabama and Oeorgia .soon to be on the right side. Fifteen legislatures of the United States now. or this last winter, discussing the temperance question. 246 of the townships of Massachusetts out of 256 pro- claimed for no license. In all the State of Maine not one sign-board out announcing the sale of strong drink, so that if in any place it is sold it is a pronounced crime. In our own monopoly-ridden New York legislature a few weeks ago we came within three votes of having the choice of Prohibi- tion given to the people. The li(]uor-traffic so panic-struck that it is now at Washington trying to get the constitution altered, so that prohibitory laws, if passed, as they will be passed all over the land, can be pronounced unconstitu- tional. A few days ago the ("ongress of the United States demolished the bonded whisky bill by 186 votes to 83, although the litjuor-traffic had expended $700,000 to buy spectacles through which our rulers might see things in the right light. Oh, I tell the politicians of America — I tell the leaders of our beautiful Republicm party and of our glorious Democracy, that the temperance movement is going to hold THK UALANCE OK HOWER in this country, and decide who shall be the mayors, and the governors, and the congressmen, and the presidents. I expect to live to see a president of the United States elected on a prohibition platform. Better get off the track before .MISOl.UTKI.V IKRTAIN. (lod is going to destroy drunkenness. Is there a man sitting or standing in this assembly who doubts that God is stronger than the devil ? Blucher came up just before night and saved the day at Waterloo. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon it looked very badly for the Engli.sh. Oeni^als Ponsonby and Picton fallen. Sabres broken, flags surrendered, Scotch Orays annihilated. Only forty-two men left out of the German brigade. The Knglish army falling back and falling back. Napoleon rubl)ed his hands together and said : " Aha I aha ! we'll teach that little Knglishman a lesson. Ninety chances out of a hundred are in our favor. Magnificent ! magnificent ! '' He even sent messages to Paris to say he had won the day. Hut Ix-'fore sundown Blucher came up, and he who had been the conqueror of Austerlit/. became the victim of Waterloo. That name which had shaken all Europe and filled even America with apprehension ; that name went down, and Napoleon, muddy and hatless, and crazed with his disasters, was found feeling for the stirrup of a horse, that he might mount and resume the contest. THE SFOU.ER's doom. Well, my friends, alcoholism is imperial, and it is a contiueror, and there are good people who say the night of national overthrow is coming, and that it is almost night. But before sundown the Conqueror of earth and heaven will ride in on the white horse, and alcoholism, which has had its Austerlitz of triumph, shall have its Waterloo of defeat. Alcoholism having lost its crown, the gri/zly and cruel breaker of human hearts, crazed with the disaster, will be found feeling in vain for the stirrup on which to remount its foaming charger. " So, O Lord, let Thine enemies perish I " THE DELUSION OF HIGH LICENSE. By Herrick Johnson, D. D. PROHIHITION is coming. And it is coming to stay. Thirty years of its thundering up in Maine have not l)een wholly on deaf ears. Men all over this land have listened, and have believed. Thirty years ago Prohibition was an enthusiasm swee|)ing over many states. To-day it is a conviction, getting rooted in many states. " The day has arrived," said Joseph ('ook, the other day in IJoston, "when the two strongest passions of the Anglo-Saxon, love of lil)erty and love of home, are to be locked around the neck of the li(|uor trade, and the latter broken once and forever." He might have mentioned two other passions, one lower and one higher, that are to have a hand in the conflict: the love of money and the love of right. Property and con- science are to take this evil by the throat, as well as liberty and home. The traffic has come to be a fearful assault on property. It compels millions now for tribute every year. And property will not stand that forever. And higher and mightier than property, higher and mightier than lilierty and home, is conscience, (let that once rou.sed, get the public mind once seized with the imperious grip of an ought, and the dram-shop is doomed. Yet now, thrust right in the way of our march to Pro- hibition, is a new device. It is a sort of indeterminate nondescript or intermediate somewhat, a iertium quid called high license ! It is a measure imdoubtedly honestly advocated by a few as a step toward I'rohibition. Undoubtedly honestly advocated by others as the best thing attainable in the circumstances, and still by others undoubtedly as a bar to Prohibition. Some good temperance liquor men accept it in dread of something worse. And no men accept it as a substitute for something worse. Some wonder it attracts such strange bed-fellows. It is a child of compromise — a Mr. Facing-both-ways ; neither one thing nor the other. High license may be a tub thrown to the whale; but which whale ? The bigge-st half of it - "license" - looks as if it meant the saloon whale. But the other section of the tub "high" looks like a squint to the temperance whale. Honestly but mistakenly supposed by some to be a measure of genuine reform, I am prepared delil)erately to pronounce it a miserable and mischievous device, that will put some additional dollars Into the treasury, but turn to ashes every other hope of good from its operation. There are five things — five indubitable things that make high licen.se, as a remedy for the evils with which we are cursed by the traffic in strong drink, a delusion and a sham. 1. The first is, that high license gilds the traffic with a certain air of respectability. And Ixihind gilded vice the most danger lurks. The more outwardly respectable you make the .saloon the worse you make it. The assault upon morals and manhood is then subtle, insiduous, treacherous. It is not your open, outrageous, infamous sinners that do the most harm. A blatant, boasting Ingersoll is far less potent for mi.schief than a wily and ingenious skeptic wear- ing the guise of Christianity only to betray it. So it is not the besotted and loathsome drunkard, swinging from his drinks to the gutter, and crawling from the gutter back again to his drinks, who tempts wayward feet to the folly and filth of intoxication. The saloons that keep up appearances, that put on a pretence of virtue, that claim to be decent in con- duct, and law-abiding - it is these that play the mischief with our young men. High license tends to give them the guise of respecta- bility. Five hundred, or one thousand dollars paid to the government for the privilege of doing a certain thing, gives to the one doing it a kind of dignity, and inevitably stamps the thing done as business of some considerably increased importance and worth. High license may possibly, though only temporarily, wipe out a few low doggeries. But it gilds the saloon it authorizes. It gives them gloss and outward decency. Not one inherit evil of the traffic is smitten by it. On the contrary, it places over the whole brood of evils a broader branch of legitimacy. And painting vice, we all know, is bad business. To give respectability to an iniquitous thing is to buttress it more securely. Reform by that road is down-hill. Revenue gotten on such terms - the blood of duped and betrayed victims will cry from the ground against it. 2. My second point is, that high license induces the saloon-keepers to resort to other evils to make good their loss by it. They are going to get back their license fee I 6 rkoinitnioN i.kadkrs I That thousand dollars must come bark into tht-ir till. They have not gone into this business on philanthropic principles, for the good of society. They will, therefore, adulterate their lii|uors. They will vitiate their stock. Ah 1 if they woulil only water it literally, water it I Hut water is the last thing they or their |)atrons want in it. There is nesting in water. Nothing to bring the drinker back to his glass. So they ply tht stock with cheap drugs. They swell its dimensions. They make its bulk large by their vile decoc- tions. .Vntl it finds its way down men's throats at ten cents a glass, smooth ami pleasant to the sense, only to prove at the last the very poison of death, often making of inen physical and moral wrecks ; shattering nerves, stealing away brains, and deadening conscience. Hut this is not all. L'niler tlie pressure of high license, and to make the establishment pay back that large fee, saloon-keepers are tempted to introduce other features, to marshall other forms of vice, and to link gambling and harlotry with ii(iuor-selling so as to swell the receipts. And this is no wild guess or foolish outburst of temper- ance fanatics. It is the frank statement of our enemies, and out of their own mouths shall they be condemned. Last autumn the State Protective I-iquor Association of Illinois held its annual meeting at (Juincy. .\nd the report of the executive committee boldly charged that there were " men in the tratitic with whom the sale of liijuors is only a blind for the gambling-houses and houses of prostitution, and who did not hesitate to advocate high license in the hope of ruining the poor, but decent, saloon-keepers, and thereby attracting custom to their own establi;:hments." If men will not hesi- tate to advocate high license on that ground men will not hesitate to uarnish their .saloon with games and lewd women to make high license pay. ( arrying up the license fee, therefore, may gild with an outside respectability, while inside the way is often made two-fold more a way of hell. 3. My third point is, that high license leaves the fountain untouched while trying to dam up some streams. The evils of this traffic that so curse society and home, do not commonly start in the vile, disgusting dens where there is only raggedness and filth. They are born farther up. Sup- pose you shut a few of the low dramshops. They will inevitably be opened again. 'I'he wash of the upper saloons must go somewhere. The respectable varieties need the low grj^gjrics to take care of their cast-off rubbish. For this reason you won't find them troubling each othermuch, because perchance selling without license. Such talk is sheer nonsense. The poor doomed victims of drink, robbed of their manhood and decency, if they step down-hill, must find the saloon down-hill. They will find it. That stream of descending lust and filth must have an outlet. If you would stop it you must go to the top and break up the fountain. Prohibition is the word, not license. You can not trust men with this thing any more than you can trust them with dangerous explosives. Prohibition is ever strengthening its own restrictions. License of every kind, low or high, is ever weakening its own restrictions. Pro- hibition thunders no I to every evil of the traffic. License keeps the door open for all the evils to enter in, and issues a kind of standing invitation to them. Prohibition tends to victory by its enforced denial. LicenBC tends to defeat by its legalized indulgence. License is getting rid of the evils of hydrophobia by cutting off the tail of the mad dog somewhere along its liushy end. Prohibition is getting rid of those evils by cutting the tail off just behind the »log's ears. 4. My fourth point is that high license is a failure in practice. It increases revenue, but it does not lessen saloons, nor change their real character. It puts more dollars into city and county treasuries, but it does not smite and destroy the dreadful evils of traffic in strong drink. Men are sometimes content with it l)ecause it helps pay taxes. Hut does that make it a success? Here is the logical process : ( Irog-shops confessedly make criminals. ( 'riminals necessitate police. Police cost money. Highlicen.se makes the grogshoiis pay the inoney. In that vicious circle crime is maile its own successsor. It s.iys to the saloon keepers, "do on perpetuating crime and manufacturii.g criminals, but pay for it." I appeal to any intelligent judgment if that is not bad citizenship and bad morals. If that is all of success there is in high license, I brand it as a stupendous failure. Is that all its success ? I know no other. 1 have yet to hear of any moral or social transformation it has brought about. On the other hand, the jiroofs of failure are signal. 1 give but two, the one covering a city, and the other a state. The city is Des Moines, Iowa, and the facts are vouched for by a gentleman over his own signature, as " taken from the records of the city clerk." In 187 i with the license fee $150, there were twelve saloons ; in 1872, v.i;h license at $200, there were twenty-five saloons ; in 1880, with licen.se at $250, there were forty-nine saloons; and in 1882, with license at $1,000, there were six'y saloons. The state referred to is Nebraska, where Prohibition is the general state law, but high license is optional and the local i.ception. The fee is $1,000. The law was enacted in 1881. In 1882 the records showed 226 less saloons, but in 1883 the records showed a gain of fifty-nine. The Hon. H. W. Hardy, ex-mayor of Lincoln, Neb., and the father of the high license idea, testifies : " There has been no improvement in our saloons." "(lambling and prostitution go hand in hand." " High license has done nothing toward waking up temperance sentiment." "Saloon-keepers violate the law just as they always have." John B. Finch, prominent in the advocacy of the law, and an ardent temperance man, testifies : " I was a friend of the law at its birth. I now know I was terribly mistaken in my theories." Many of the delusions urged in defense of high license have been ex])loefogs definition and challenges common sense. Uouvier defines license : " A right given by some competent authority to do an act, which without such authority would be illegal." He defines tax : " A contribution imposed by government on individuals for the .service of the state." Now mark the unmistakable distinctions here made. License " is a right given"; tax is "a contribution imposed." License implies a privilege. Tax implies an obligation. License is a per- mission. Tax is a command. License gives legal status. Tax gives nothing, but recjuires. License is for regulation. Tax is for revenue. The very essence of license is a permit to do. The license fee is simply an incident of regulation, and does not affect the nature of license at all. Whether the fee be $500 or $5, or not a dollar, or not a cent, the act is the same, viz. : governmental permission and sanction to do a certain thing. No quibble of words can change this simple axiomatic truth. Tying Esau's hair to Jacob's hands and neck does not change Jacob's voice. The fundamental feature of license abides, w-hether with high fee, or low fee, or no fee. If license curries no .ianction, but is only prohibitive, then why not license prostitution ? " No," say the good men who are confounding things that differ. " No ; that is a sin per se." But what difference does it make w-hether prostitution is a sin/*r s(, or a sin per circumstance, if the licensing it is simply in the nature of a tax, and merely restrictive ? If the position of these men is con-ect, then the licensing of prostitution carries no sanction, and their run- ning to shelter under " sinper se" is blank cowardice and logical suicide. If their position is not correct, then licens- ing the drink-shop is formal official investment of the drink- shop, with full right to open its doors and proceed with its work of ruin. One horn of the dilemma or the other, gentlemen. There is no alternative save to wash hands clean and forever of the whole business of license. I know the fallacies with which honest and conscientious men strangely delude themselves here. They get their chief expression in this concentrated piece of wisdom, viz. : that half a loaf is better than none at all. But is a half a loaf better than no bread at all ? If in getting the half loaf I ' !i T 138 PROHIBITION LKADERS must compromise with (luity, then let the bread go. It is better to perish with hunger than to do a wrong. If in getting a few saloons closed I must sanction the saloon business by advocating license, high or low, then let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth In-fore it speak approval. I must not do evil that good may come. Listen now to some of the misleading analogies by which good men seek to |)ro|) their judgment in this case ; "If I have five children sick with some malignant fever, I will save three if I can't .save all." Yes, but that father will do his utmost to the very last to save all. He won't go into the license l)usiness with death. He will attempt to save each child with the same fidelity and persistence "ith which he tries to save every other child. .Anything shu that would be crimi'ial. Now let him strive to shut all Ih. saloons just as persistently as he wt)uld strive to save all his children and he is a j)rohibitionist. Prohibition seeks to do just that, and only that. "Hut are not fifteen saloons better than twenty?'' Let us see. Are fifteen murders better than twenty? Certainly not, if in lessening the number by five the government must issue its formal license to commit the fifteen I " Hut this kind of argument in the old slave-holding days would have made it wrong at the South to advocate a law prohibiting the sale of husbands from their wives, or any other cruel feature of slavery." Not at all. Such a law would not have been a provision for licensing slave-holding, hut a provision for stopping one of its wrongs. .Any honest opposer of slavery living in the South could have advocated such a law with a good conscience. Hut suppose the r. Nathan S. Davis, Dr. William ("arpenter, and they have all declared with em|)hatic reiteration that the use of alcoholic stimulants is not only wholly unnecessary, but is the chief procuring cause of all the ills that flesh is heir to, and that the bottle is the chief explanation of the defective, dependent and delin- ijuent classes. This is not the statement of temperance reformers, although if it were it shoi Id be entitled to the same weight that attaches to the utterances of skilled specialists in other departments of the world's work, but such is the in.sane prejudice of many excellent |)eople that it is necessary to clear the way by announcing that no tem- perance worker made the statement if he would secure hospitality for it in their jjrejudiced minds. These men are specialists in chemistry, physiology and hygiene, and they give this verdict as the outcome of lives devoted to the study of the physical well-being of man. The recent international alcohol congre.s.s, in Basle, con- vened 414 delegates from ten countries. The I'ope was represented by the Hishop of St. (lall, and the I'Vench Min- ister of I'kiucation was also represented. The secretary of the committee of arrangements was Dr. John Hay, an iMiglish gentleman long resident in Basle. The president was the well-known I'rof Burckhardt. Among the English delegates were the Dean of Hereford, Joseph Malins, Mr. and Mrs. H. J. Osborne, Mrs. Selmer and other well-known temperance workers. Dr. (taule, professor of physiology in the Zurich university, read a paper on " Alco- hol from a Physiological Point of View." T'he doctor said the (luestion had pas.sed through three stages —first, the " gift of (iod " stage ; second, the " moderation " ; third, the " total abstinence," and had arrived at the fourth stage, vi/., the standpoint of physiology. He then showed in the most conclusive manner that the use of alcoholic drinks in small or large doses " h.is the invariable effect of undermining the !|r f 140 PROHIBITION LKADERS physical basis of the mind." The entire organism of the human body is made up of countless millions of cells, and physiology proves that alcohol taken into the system tends to destroy the vitality of the smaller organisms first affect- ing the more complex parts and then the simpler ones. Dr. Smith, tiie superintendent of the Home for Inebri- ates, near Like Constance, proved that the use of alcohol in small or large doses " has a distinct tendency to paraly/.e the mental faculties." Dr. Kurer, of Heidelberg, stated that he had Ix-'en able by means of an ingenious clock to prove that " so small a ([uantity of alcohol as seven drams tended to suspend or paraly/e the movements of the muscles." This clock was so made as to divide the minute space into one thousand parts. He said that " the morning nip "and " wee drop " of whisky that so many people take does them noth- ing but harm. Dr. Legrain, medical superintendent of an important lunatic asylum in France, stated that insanity was ■ greatly on the increase in France, and that "a large propor- tion is clearly traceable to drink." His conclusions were as follows : I. Madness in any country is increased in projiortion to the increase in the consumption of alcohol. 2. The chief cause of insanity in France is drink, for the increase in the number of admissions into lunatic asylums is more marked in those departments where there is the largest consump- tion of alcohol. The United Kingdom anddeneral Provident Institution, of (Ireat Britain, which for twenty-nine years past has divided its insurance risks into two classes, a temperance section and a general section, has published a report for 1894, and from the figures given it is made plain that of those who did not drink during the past twenty-nine years there has been an average death rate of thirty per cent, less than the mortality tables provide for ; while the cliiss that uses alcoholic licjuors in limited (]uantities has had an aver- age death rate of twelve and one-half per cent, below that expected according to the same tables. Max Nordeau, in his recent work on " Degeneracy,'' declared that "the marks of degeneracy are directly tiace- able to constitutional poisoning," and ([uotes Morel to sub- stantiate him in his position. The latter makes this state- ment : " A race which is regularly addicted, even without excess, to narcotics and stimulants in any form (such as fermented alcoholic drinks, tobacco, opium, hasheesh or arsenic), which partakes of tainted foods (breadstuffs made of bad corn), which absorbs organic poisons (marsh fevers, syphilis, tuberculosis or goitre), will beget degenerate descendants who, if they remain exposed to the same influ- ences, rapidly descend to the lowest degree of degeneracy, to idiocy, dwarfishness and the like." That there is here opportunity for a disastrous, vicious circle of reciprocal effects is also held by Nordeau when he says: "The drinker, and apparently the smoker, also beget enfeebled children, hereditarily fatigued or degenerate, and these drink or smoke in their turn because they are fatigued. They crave a stimulus, a momentary, artificial invigoration or alleviation of their painful excitability, and then when they recognize that this only increases in the long run their excitement 'hey can.iot, through weakness of will (of them- selves) resist the.se habits." He also ([uotes l.egraine as saying that " at the base of all forms of inebriety we find mental degeneracy." This theory is borne out by the fact that science has as ytt been unable to establish any patho- logical lesson that is alone characteristic of any special form of narcotism, by means of which the condition may be diagno.sed, as is the case in most recognized diseases. From no country have we received more encouraging reports concerning the total abstinence movement this year than from France. The leading ministers of the state do not u.se alcoholic licpiors, and the leading litemry men, such as 1 )unias, Zola, I )audet, Sardou, drink only mineral waters. This is a new departure for France, and if total abstinence for the sake of having a hap|)icr and more successful life has become [lopular among the leaders in that wine-drinking country, it would be disgraceful for White Ribbon women to ground the weapons of their rebellion against intoxicants. What can be done in h'rance can be done anywhere and will be. It is only a question of Mrs. (Irundy ; where she sits is the head of the table, and the severe expression with which she was wont to look at us in times past has relaxed to the dimensions of a simper and will increase to a positive society smile in exact proportion to the number of people belonging to the "fashionable set" who have the moral courage to set the fashion by turning the wine glass right side up, which, in accordance with expert opinion, means always upside down. It is proposed by the Fretich government to. encourage teniperance by taxing heavily all intoxicating drinks and not taxing what are called " Hygienic " drinks. I'rance and (Jermany are at the rear of the temperance procession, and like all other countries they must win their experience by hand-to-hand conflict, not only with the evil itself, but with those harmful methods by which good people, who know no better, seek to combat its perpetual advance. The multiplication of inventions that require careful handling will some day make it practically impossible for men who drink to gain employment. The wreck of the ( iomry hotel in Denver, resulting in the death of twenty inmates and the injury of many others, was caused by the careless- ness of an engineer, who was intoxicated at the time, in turning cold water into the hot boilers belonging to a steam engine connected with the hotel. This is a more striking instance than usual of what is constantly going on. The men who handle steam and electricity must be clear-headed or the shareholders will lose money ; human life is quite a secondary matter, but the pocket nerve never fails to vibrate, and we shall yet owe to the love of money, which is the root of all evil, the good that comes from the determination of men to protect their gains and incidentally to protect human life. If I have not treated this great subject from a technically religious point of view it is because I have slowly learned to see the stately steppings of the Son of Man in every law laid down by Him, "through whom the worlds were made," so PkOHIHITION LKADKRS that nothirifi good seems secular to me, but the spirit of Him "who thought it not robbery to Ik; eijual with Cod," breathes through science and pohtics no less than through philanthropy, and where the breathings of that spirit are, there beats the heart of Christ and vibrates the heavenly music of the Colden Rule. I'll R IT Y. The problems of women and children are all being carefully studied in this age, but the problem of man is overlooked. Alas, that I should have lived to make so (Wthetic a complaint I His relations to childhood and the fireside will be the next great (piestion and upon its right solution depends his future growth. He has gone as far as he is likely to do along the line of intellciitual development until his character is reinforced by a mighty moral uplift, and this can come to him so well from no other source as that "a little child should lead him." The larger participa- tion of men in the life of the home will be the evangel that shall add to their splendid heritage the saving grace that comes from their final coronation with what Tennyson calls "childward care." It is fiom the creed and cult of the cradle that woman has derived those (pialities most wor- shipped by men, and which she in turn would worship most in them, did they exist in that intellectual as well as heart fruition into which they will doubtless develop under the guidance of the future civilization in which good women shall tear an ecjual part. A fore-gleam of what they are likely lO do when industrially and politically free is furnished by the Roman Catholic young women of Danbury, Connecticut, who have formed a society of members pledged not tc marry any man who is not a strict abstainer. The only wonder is that this measure of self-protection has not been strenuously carried out by young women of common sense in every line of life. One is tempted to think that they are " left to believe a lie that they might be" condemned to lives of misery, else they would no more run the risk of marrying a drinking man than they would view with complacency the prospects of being sent to an insane asylum, and yet by tens of thousands they do this every day, and while their husbands take the drink, they take - the consequences. It hr.s been wisely said that the chief result of the conspiracy of silence concerning the inmost facts of their being by which oi'.r young people have been cursed so long, is the ignorance of a few girls in the higher classes to whom the knowledge they have missed might have been the •.v^y of salvation, preventing them from wasting them.selves on heartless libertines at the bidding of ambition, or of parents who regard a wealthy alliance as the greatest good of life. The time will come, and is already here in the most enlight- ened homes, when from their childhood boys and girls shall know the truth, when the truth shall make them free. They will be taught what science has to say, and science is but a statement of the laws of Cod. These laws are pure, making wise the simple ; they are like the flame that burns out dross. The question is often asked, " How early should they be taught?" and there is no better answer than that the pure word should have the right of way. It should " get in its work " before the impure word has pre-empted the ground. It is the seed of life ; it is the acorn of the tree of knowledge that shall grow into beauty and shelter them beneath its hospitable branches. The Arena, that Boston magazine which works more good than all the o her magazines put together, is a free lance on the field of reform, and has done valiant service ii. the last year in the cause of purity. Perhaps no single force has been so potent in procuring an arrest of thought in the minds of men and women that is sure to lead to a better understanding of the age of consent, and of the protection that law ought to afford to the person, as well as the purse, in modern civilization. It ha.*; been well said that a nation that puts a higher valuation on real estate than it does on the virtue of its daughters does not deserve a name or place among the nations of the world. The federation for the abolition of the state regulation and protection of prostitution was formed in .875, by Mrs. Josephine Butler, and has now for twenty vears combatted the ingenious, subtle-minded men who have steadily sought to reintroduce the C. I), acts in countries where they have been abolished, and to maintain them, especiai.y on the ('ontinent, where they have been so long eating out the vitals of morality, until the double standard for men and women has become the accepted tenet of a devilish social creed, and the setting apart of a certain number of inspected women for the use and convenience of men is as much a matter of course as the laying down of pavements on the public streets. But Anglo-Saxon women will not suffer such crimes against their sex to go unpunished, and whatever the new woman is not, she is an enlightenedi aroused women who, combined with others like-minded with herself, and aided and abetted by a great and growing army of good new men, is determined to see the race in its best survivals lifted above the old-world policy concerning the relations of the sexes to the plane of decency, nay, to nothing less than the level of the golden rule. Mrs. Josephine Butler has secured the testimony of women physicians as tc whether they are willing to examine their sister women for use m the house of shame, and the result is that not one can be heard of who would for a moment consider the proposition as other than a degrada- tion. If men physicians do not hold themselves superior to work like this, women physicians will, for, as I)r- Elizabeth Blackwell has stated, " the great principle which is involved in the christian art of healing is the voluntary resort of the patient to the physician, which secures the aid of the willing mind to the cure of the suffering body." This principle must be clearly understood and resolutely held to by every woman physician who would not betray the important position entrusted to her. " The Dawn" edited by Mrs. Butler, and published at No. I, King Street, Westminster, S. W. London, should be read by all our purity workers, and " The Philanthropist" edited by Aaron M. Powell and Mrs. Anna Rice Powell, 142 PROHIBITION LEADERS K> United Charities Huiiding, l-'ourth avenue and 22nd street, New York, is the leading purity journal in the United States. It has recently published a medical declaration concerning chastity, signed by the leading physicians of New York city, and this is their testimony: "In view of the wide- spread suffering, physical disease, deplorable hereditary results, and moral deterioration inseparable from unchaste living, the undersigned, members of the medical profession of New York and vicinity, unite in declaring it as our opinion that chastity - a pure continent life, for both sexes is consonant with the best conditions of physical, mental and moral ht:alth." I wish that this declaration might be spread before the people throtgh the local press, for nothing will ever win that is not worked into the consciences of the mass, and our White Ribboners can serve the cause efficiently by making these facts known. America has probably no citi/en more esteemed than the Hon. ('hauncey M. Depew. He was recently asked the question, " Is the world degenerating?" and answered it in the conclusive manner for which he is famed. One thing that he said I wish to put before you in the hope that you will pass it on to myriads of people through the press. It was this : " Certainly the world is not degenerating in standards of morality. Twenty year go I'almerston was prime minister of iMigland and 1 )israeli the leader of the opposition. I'almerston al eighty had been detected in an intrigue of which the proofs were clear and positive. The party leaders went to Disraeli and said; '.Let us drive him from ofifice.' Disraeli's answer was : 'If you start that movement, I resign, because it will lead to his becoming so popular that he will remain permanently in power.' Ten years afterwards the same thing drove Dilke from public life and to-day keeps him out of the cabinet, and there is no man in America or England, in parliament, who could survive the clear proofs of a violation of the seventh commandment." A significant resolution adopted by the London conven- tion was the following : " Resolved, that we are unalterably opposed to the compulsoiy medical treatment of women inder any circumstances when ihis is done 'n the interest of impure relations between men and women." There is now a stirring among the dry bones of profes- sionaldom and officialism to reintroduce once more the abominable C. I ). .Vets under cover of the pretence that by including men as well as women "the safeguards of the home will be increased." Hy this sophism some of our noble and good women have been deceived. They fail to see that in relation to all such laws man is the wolf and woman the lamb ; the laws are made and administered by men, chiefly by the police a class of men who, though they are the principal officers for the execution of law are also, as we are beginning to find out, of such moderate intelligence and undeveloped moral fibre that they are certainly dangerous depositories of power. If these laws are enacted they will put the womanhood of any locality practically in the power of its police ; and we know perfectly well that the result will be that women of wealth and position will be likely to escape no matter what they do, while poor and friendless women will be in danger by reason of the espionage and blackmail- ing of this class of public officers. I know we have numbers of excellent and trustworthy police officers, but this is not their characteristic as a class, and that it is not is their mi.s- fortune rather than their fault. It would be impossible for any set of men to come into the temptations that the caterers of our public amusements and the "poor man's club" as at present constituted (iresent at every turn to the police, rtitliout becoming hardened and sordid in exact proportion to the pressure of ti'm[)tation. What the people must do is to put away these centres of public abomination that under mii'.c the habits not only of tbeir own children but of the very men who are not only paid but sworn to protect our towns and cities from becoming a prey to the forces of evil that we now plrcc in power and legalize to do their deadly work. There is no more hopeful symptom in the body politic to-day than that the whole question of the purity of the j)olice force and its total separation from that " covenant of hell" by which it has taken the side of the liquor traffic against the home, is being insisted on with a vigor and intelligence unparallele:! in the history of mimicipal govern- ment. The action of a local branch of the Women's Liberal League, in Auckland, has been an a.stonishment to progres- sive-minded women, and the protest against this resolution on the part of White Ribboners and Liberal women generally, shows that the resolution must have bee.i passed without careful consideration. We believe that the good women in New Zealand and in Norway, who have taken the position that the C. D. .Acts, if made applicable to men and women alike, would be of advantage to the public, have been led to this lamentable action from lack of expert knowledge. It is a principle with us that any effort made to render more safe the illicit association of men and women is always ill- advised, 'i'he same amount of energy expended in edu- cating people to a realization of the greater happiness, not to say nobility, of a life of loyalty on the part of one man to one woman would yield a thousandfold more good to all concerned. We have no time to waste because we have but little time to build. Let us invest what force we have in favor of the life-long faithfulness of two who take each other in sight of the vhole world, and according to the laws of Cod, not arbitru 'ly written anywhere except on the red tablets of the human heart. All history and experience proves that a haphazard relationship between men and women does not elevate and ennoble their complete nature, as does a relationship that g-ows with their growth, strengthens with their strength, adapts itself to all the stages of their development, and is most sacrcu and true " when there appear and spread faint streaks of grey on the forehead, dawn of another life that breaks ^.. 'heir earthly horizon." The unfading hope of the social purity movement is set forth in ihe following resolution, unanimously adopted by our London convention in June last: I ''Ill PROHIBITION LEADERS •43 Kesolvtd, thai we call (lublic allenlion to ihe fact ihat ihe desire and purpose of women as a class, to retain tlieir personal independ- ence and purity of life, evinced liy Ihe hardships under which they iwrfcvere in earninR their bread honorably, when the temptation meets them at every turn lo secure it without labor at the cost of personal purity. Resolved, thai we believe this instinct of a pure womanhco ought as an American citizen to be ashamed to admit it, for after all, what does such a declaration mean ? It has been well said that it involves nothing less than the red hand of the .saloon anarchist at the throat of the government. The cry of the country has been, " Ood give us men," and it has been answered in a quarter to which we did not PT 146 I'ROHIllIIION LHADKRS 1 1 I'i 1 li look, liy the jiastor of a rich city congregation anil tlu- scion of an aristocratic house ; hut wc shoulil he doubly glail that light has risen up in a new place and strength has come where many a grumbling reformer would have predicted only weakness, (lod has not left himself without a witness ; " It may not l)e my way, il may not l)e Ihy way ; But yet in his own way, ihe Lord will provide." In law, the great discovery has been made, that policemen <-an l)e found, who are not blind and deaf, in presence of dramshops, gambling-dens, and houses of 'll-fame. It i ; a thing uni)aralled for a man of the antecedents, education and prospects of the Hon. Tlieodore Roosevelt to accept the office of chairman of the police commission. No act of patriotism can Le cited in these modern days to eipial it oxce|)t the act of Dr. I'arkhurst, wlio like another Horatius, flung himself, spectacles, sermon paper and all into the chasm that had opened under the feet of the New N'orkers, and who bids fair to close it. For my part I should like to see one of these men president of the United States, antl the other secretary of the treasury. After two months in which they vainly battled against the sturdy determination of the police commissioner, and, dis graceful as it is to say it, had the backing of almost every newspaper in New York city, the saloon-keeper's association has been compelled by the force of public opinion and in the interest of its own survival, to pass a resolution that any member who hereafter violates the Sunday closing law shall be expelled. This action indicates the frontier line of tem- perance achievement up to date ; that it could be taken in the city of New York, which is jjractically a foreign metropolis and the headipiarters of the liquor-traffic in the nation, proves that they do not work in vain who strive to educate the common mind in favor of common decency. Who of us would have .said that the simjile effort to enforce law in our chief metropolis would cause ten thousand tongues and pens hostile to the White Ribbon movement to suddenly become practical advocates of the temperance reform ? Who would have predicted that the agitation would have spread throughout the nation until the smallest village should feel the impetus of that new tension of the moral muscles that means " saloons must go" at least in one day out of seven. The burning (juestion of the time, even out- ranking that of finance and monopolies, has become, shall the saloon.-; close up on the [leople's day of rest ? Light has risen for us in another unexpected place. Those who " exploit the product " are on our side ; the saloon-keeper and bar-tender are with us because they would like a day off ; so that public attention concentrates on the men who furnish the product and wish to see it sold, the brewer and distiller, In the education of the jieople this spectacle is one of incalcul:ii)le value, and aibances the tem perance propaganda far more ili.m anything that we can do or say. PAH IT PROHIBITION (CampaiRn Song.) I The prize of .$25 ofTered bv TAe VoiK some years ago for the best Prohibition [xarty song was awarded to the one that follows.] Listen ! 'tii the roll-call drum Clear ihe track ; they come, ihey come ! Men of might whom duly claims. Men who answer 1 their names, M''n of conscience, lirains and pluck. Charge ! The signal hour has struck : Onward with the victor's shout ! Vole Ihe li(|uor tralVic out ! Chorus. K'ally with your honest votes, Foll.iw where the white flag Hoats, I'ut King Alcohol to rout. Vote him out boys ! vote him out ! We've a license law to tight. Taxing wrong cin'i make il right I Laws for regulating sin In this conflict cannot win. On ! nor heed the roar and smoke, .Smite him where he'll feel the stroke I Smile the spoiler wiih a will, I'se the weapons knc wn lo kill. Cliomis. Mark \ what means this rush and noise 1 'Ti» the coming of the lK)ys ! (iive them pUce, ye veteran Wands See the ballots in their hands ! Open ranks, and cheer them in. They have come lo fight and win, This their countersign to day ; " Voting as our mother's pray." Chorus Let the poor old parlies try License low, and license high. Tell Ihe years that must be spent Making public sentiment I Are we slaves — or are we men ? Out upon the traffic, then ! Fearless — since Ihe cause is just : Victors — for in God we trust ! Chorus. Miss Hannah A. Fostek, Berea, O. r NEAL DOWS BIRTHDAY. His Ninetieth Anniversary Commemorated throughout the World. Some Account of a Reformer who5e name is known in every land, and to whom all Christendom pays homage. {From thf ETfitinji E.x^iiti, PifrtUtitJ, Maint, Mailh Jo^ ti94,) A\\()KI,1)\VI1)K i-ckhration to-day of the niiiftieth amiivLTsary of the liirlh of one of its citi/tiis tails attention to Portland, where it is chietly known as the hirthplace and home of Neal Dow. This makes the event of more than ordinary Itn-al interest, for, however citizens of Portland may differ as to tiie ohjjct Mr. Dow has sought, or the methods he has pursued, they will nitiirally take some satislactioiuhat their ( ily is the home of one wiio is tlie re lipient to-day of an honor ([uite unique in history. Longevity has (liaracteri/ed the family of Neal Dow, especially on the l)aternal side.forgen- erations. Of eight of his male progeni- tors in a direct line hut one failed to reach old age, and the family tendency to length of life ap- pears to be increasing in these later years. His grandfather, Jedecliah Dow, died at 87, his father, Josiah, lived to within three months of 95, an own cousin died last fall at 97, and Neal Dow, comparing his apparent health and strength to-day with that of his father at the same age, bids fair to reach the century limit. The father of Neal Dow, Josiah, is well remembered l)y the older citizens of Portland. He was horn in Seabrook, N. H., in 1766, moved with his family to Weare, in the same state, whence, in 1790, when 24 ycr.rs old, he moved into our neighboring town of Kalmoutli, from which Port- land had then been set off but four years. There he lived for five years in the house still standing on the westerly side of Hlackstrap road, next beyond the covered bridge, which NKAI. now Al MNK.rV. crosses the Presumpscot, near the site of the old l''riends' burymg ground. He married I'ebruary },, 179(1, Dorcas Allen, a daughter of Isaac Allen and .Abigail Hall, the latter being a daughter of Hate Kvil Hall. Her parents resided in a house which, enlarged and improved, is still standing on the farm owned and occupietl by Josiah, a lineal descendant of Isaac in the fourth generation, near the station of the Michigan ('entral railroad at West Falmouth. This house is about a mile (as the crow flies) from that in which Josiah Dow lived when he first met his future wife. Dorcas Allen was ten years the junior of Josiah Dow, and was for a while a pupil in the school in which he taught during the winter months, and at this school that ac(iiiaint- ance commenced which led to their marriage. Their marriage certificate, dated February 13, 1796, bears the signatures of twenty-five of their friends and acquaintances as witnesses, among them those of men and woman active and influential at the time, in all good works, the progenitors of some of the best and most influential citizens of Portland, Deering, Falmouth, W e s t b r o o k and Windham in these days. Upon his marriage, Josiah Dow took his wife to the house which he had bought for her home, which then stood on Congress street, near (Ireen, on the spot where the store now occupied by (leorge Hudson stands. About four years later he moved into a new house that he completed in 180c, which, somewhat modernized, is now occupied by our well-known citizen, ("ol. Henry S. Osgood, on Congress, nearly opposite the foot of Dow street. When that house was built it was then JOSIAH now AT NINKTV. Mil UR I'kOHlIU I ION I.KADKRS tl NK.M IMIW M I lllk INKI(;H 1. ijuitf out in the iinintry. In this house three children were born Kninia M. Dow, January lo, iHoo; Neal Dow, Marih jo, 1804, anil Harriet Dow, May 5. 1806. In this house the mother of Neal Dow diet! in 1H51. at 75 years of age. She had lived as a trusting, faithful christian wonuti, yet self reliant and determined in what she lielieved to In- right, and impressing her character upon all with whom she was associated. She died respected liy those who knew her, and mourned liy many whose lot in life hail heeii made easier 'iv her kindness, 'i'o her the worthy poor never applied ill vairi for relief, and in her house many a fugitive slave who had escaped from slavery to Portland, found friendly slicker, food .iiid encouragement. .\t ihi-. house was given hy the sisters of Neal Dow the first social party of their set in Portland in which wines were not served to the guests, Josiah Dow ilied on the first day ol June, iSdi. I'hc following is taken from a notice of him published just after his death, written l»y the late Hon. William Willis : " Firm in principle, just and liberal in all his transactions, he may be pronounced one of nature's noblemen, an honest man. He never sought notoriety, nor desired (jublic office, ■ > ' although he represented the town one year in the legislature of Massachusetts, and was one vear a selectman, he pre ferred the i|uiet pursuit of his honorable calling to the agita tion and turmoil of public afTairs. " Along the cool, Be({ueslerril v.ile of life He kept the noiseless tenor of his way." During a period covered by the life of two generations Neal Dow has been known wherever the Knglish language is spoken as an uncompromising KOK OK THK l.lyUOK Ik.VKHC, and even here in Portland, the scene of many and varied activities on his part, he is now iK'st known as such. It is not easy for his present townsmen to conceive of him as a boy and young man, fond of athletic .sports, an amateur boxer and fencer of some local repute, as the coxswain of a boating-club, as a swimmer of strength and daring enough to rescue two lives from drowning, and as foreman of a fire company, and for a long time chief of the old volunteer fire department. But among the boys and young men of his time he was generally recognized as exceptionally active and vigorous, with all the strength, skill and courage to enable him to maintain his own. if need be, against all-comers, and he acquired experience and reputation in this line which frequently served him in suhse(|uent encounters which were forced upon him by those who sought to subject him to physical violence by way of jjunishment for his activity in the temperance cause, while his well known pluck, daring. ability and energy secured for him .1 host of admiring frienils. KaT\y in life, when yet a small Iwy, Neal Dow con- ceived a horror of intemjierance, which doubtless laid a part of the foundation upon which his life work has lieen erected. .\ near neighbor of his father was a conrirmed inebriate, ami the fre(|uent exhibition of drunken folly and liriilality on the p.irt ol this man had their effect upon a Iwy who w.is naturally observing and thoiighlfiil, ( )ni'e also, while yet a siii.iil bo)', a drunken man fell upon him, knock- ing him down and pinning him to the ground until help came, beneath a senseless, rum soaked carcass, an exjierience likelv to make u|)iin a boy of his age, as it did, a lasting impression. His first temperance speech was made as a memlK-r ot an engine company, when twenty one years olil, against pro- viding liquors for an anniversary supper. The company adojited his views, and the first affair of the kind held in I'ortl.ind or anywhere else, perhaps, came ofT without liipior, because of that specrli. .\lniiit this lime also he sei'ured a vote in the Mechanics' .\ssociation to dispense with wine at an approaching festival, which vote was, however, reconsid- ered at .1 siil)se(|uent meeting, wlun he was not present.' \N iN( iipi;n r which Oll fkKKh al this festival is worth relating because of the iiitlueiice it subsequently had. The leading guests of the Association were a judge ol the supreme ( ourt, an eminent jurist, and an ICnglish lord, who happened to be sojourning for the time in Portland, The memories of the revolutionary war were still lingering, and tiiose of tiiat of iSij were then fresh in the minds of the people. The judge, under the .,^ ¥ ■ ^' m NIOAI. now Al KIkl V-SKVKN. influence of the wine lie had taken, forgot the propiieties ol the occasion and scandalized those present by grossly insult- ing in his after-dinner speei:h the luiglish gentleman who was his fellow-guest. As a result of this unfortunate affair the Mechanics' .\ssociation decided to abjure wine on festival occasions, and the rule has ever been observed. PkOHIUn ION I.KADKRS '4'J Ah a monitn'r of the Mechanic's ANHociatiun, Mr. how intfrcstod himsi-lf to Sfcurc the alMncloDtiicnt of the town tn-ll ringing nt ii and .( o'rIcH-k as a signal for nicchnnics to take their (Irani, and also the discontinuaix e of the hahil. then prevalent anion){ employers, of furnishing lii|iiors to their employes. When he was twenty live years old he delivered an address lieforethe Mechanics' .Association, which was puhlished in pamphlet form at its re<|iiest, in which he took pronounced and ailvanced ground upon the siihject of inteniperancf. An extract from tins address may not lie inappropriate as outlining an i4 votes were thrown against license. This was the first popular expression upon the subject in the city of Porthnd and the majority for license was sur prisingly small. Mr. Dow recalls an incident of that trial which w'.is very em'ouraging to him at the time. While th< vote was luing taken, he was distributing the "no" tiallots, und next to him stjod a well-known li(|Uor seller offering " yes " votes to all who presented themselves at the polls. .\ teamster, who was an intem|)erate man, took a " no" Iwllot. The lii|Uor-seller urged u|ion the teamster, who was an old customer of his, a " yes " vote with the remark, " Vou are a pretty fellow to vote 'no' on this ipiestion." The teamster replied, " I have li.id enough of your rum and you have had enough of my money." NOT |)ls( ()ir.\i;ki> by the defeat in this first effort, the young leader kept on, and in less than four years a " no license " vote was carried in Portland by a majority of 440. In the years 1843, '44, '45 and '46 Mr. Dow appeared before the legis- lature, and in the latter year presented a jietition from Portland, fifty nine feet in length, < ontain- ing 3,Hoo signatures, which petition hung fe>- tooned over the speaker s chair. This was supple- mented with ])etitions from all over the state, aggregating 40.000 sig- natures, in favor of a prohibitory law. This year, what was known as the law of 1846 was jiassed. It was ])rohibitory in ])rinciple, but merely tentative in matters of detail, the penalties provideil being very inadeijuate and proceedings under it inefl'ectual. In the spring of this year the Juvenile Washington Society, of Portland, presented him Willi -^ gold medal, inscribed with a motto, which he seems to have adopted as his own, " Never give up." Meanwhile he was very active in temperance meetings, large and small, held in various parts of the state, urging upon the i)eople the importance of securing some effective legislation. He appeared liefore the legislature in 1849 with a bill which pas.sed both branches, but was vetoed by the governor. He .igain presented a bill in 1850, which passed the house, but was lost in a tie vote in the senate. In the spring of 1851 Mr. Dow was the Whig candidate for mayor, and although many Whigs, opposed to him because of his activity in temperance mailers, bolted the nomina- tion, his personal popularity was such that he was elected by rilK HorsK IN WIIK 11 VI.AI now WAS ItllK.N. '50 I'KOHIHII ION I.KADIiRS a larger vote than any candidate for mayor of rortl.-iiul hud In-fore that tiire received. A month after his election as mayor he appeared U-fore the legislature with the draft of a nieasiure which was to make him famous. It was promptly passed just as he had drawn it and on June 2nd, 1H51, was a|)proved hy the governor and has ever since l)een known as the Maine law. Its (Kissage was the culmination of years of labor in pre|>aring puhlic ojjinion therefor, given hy Mr. Dow in the l)elief that the liijuor tratVic was the scourge of society and that in time its ontlawry would ""^k great good for his city and state. He has never doul)ti a ihe soundness of his convict! is upon that subject. Mis state Iwars witness to the great good that has resulted. U|K)n Neal Dow, as mayor, devolved the duty of enforc- ing the law. Few magistrates have found themselves burdened with a graver responsibility. He proved KiJlAI. 10 rHK K.MKKCJKNtV. .\fter ample notiie of his intent to enforce the law vigorously and impartially, his first proceeding under it was directed against a whole sale dealer who had announced his intention of defying the authori ; ties. The police were directed to sei/.e his stock of liquors, and, ^ provided with a war- rant foi the purpose, proceeded to execute it. After a while word was brought to the mayor that the police were deterred by threats of the owner from seizing the licpiors, and .Mayor Dow repaired in person to the scene. There was no further trouble. Official reports have recorded the Ix-'neficent results of enforced Prohibition. They were such as to attract great attention to the law and to .secure wide fame for its author. State after state, under the impetus of these results speedily enacted prohibitory law.s, the foundation for which had only been laid in the public sentiment of Maine by years of ])er- sistent labor given by Neal Dow, James Appleton anil their coadjutors, ("ertain it is that few legal enactments have enlisted more earnest, devoted and disinterested support than the Maine law. Though always opposed by the immense pecuniary interest to which it is inimical, its prin- ciple is retained in the legislation of the state where it was first enacted, and in a more or less modified form in the statutes of several other states, while some of its features have furnished models for almost all the restrictive liijuor legislation of chri.stendom, and at the present time the government of Oreat Britain is committed to the support of what is known as the diiect veto act, whereby localities are to Ik- |R-rmitted by a (Kipular vote to prohibit the liipior traffic within their limits. In the spring of 1852, Mr. Dow was defeateil for re elec tion as mayor, though he received a larger vote than that which had elected him the year liefore. His friends insisted 'hat his defeat w.is com|Kissed by fraud and demonstrated their convictions on this point by voting year after year for him for mayor, until in 1H55 he was again elected, this time as the candidate of the Kejiubiican party. I >uring this latter year what was known as the June riot (x-curreil. I'his had no direct connection with the enforcement of the Maine law, but the excitement it created resulted in a temporary re-action, during which that mi-asure was repealed. Hut the license law which was substituted for it was believed to Ik; so short- lived that it was not incorporated into the revised statutes, A year afterward ii gave place to I'rohibition. In 1858-59, Mr. I..)w represented the city in the state legislature, since, which time he has held no official civil position. l-'rom the enactment of the Maine law Neal Dow was lifted into more tli.iii national prominence, and .since that time his field of labor has been as wide as tiie f.nglish speaking world. .\t the first world's lem- (lerance convention, which was held in New N'ork in the s()ring of iSj^^, Mr. Dow was unanimously chosen as its presiding officer. In iH.So, much against his own judgment and de- sire, he was made ihe candidate for ])resi(lent of the National I'rohibi tion party. M uch of his time during the past forty years has been given without money and without price to the advocacy of the reform which he believes promises so much for the good of his fellow-men. Hut he has not sought fame or notoriety, and has as cheerfully responded to invita- tions to speak in the smallest school iiouse where it was thought he could do good, as in the largest halls in the cities of four kingdoms, where great audiences would assemble at every opportunity to listen to him, and to do tiiis has endured fatigue which would have broken down a man of ordinary constitution and will power. He has visited Great Britain at the invitation of the United Kingdom alliance for the su[)pression of tiie lii|uor traffic, giving without compensation more than three years of his time there in the advocacy of the policy of Prohibition, going over again in that new field of labor, in his maturer years, the same kind of work in which he had encountered in his younger life so much of personal opposition, and so much personal danger as well, while endeavoring to revolutionize public sentiment of his native city and state, touching the licjuor traffic. There he address'jd large audiences in all the important centres of RKSIKENCK OK NK.M, HOW 1830-1895. I'ROHIBI IION I.KADKRS '5' MISS MAVNAKIl. England, Ireland anuincy .\d.iins, for whermanent (-ontrol of the statv. Immediately after the death of his father in the summer of 1H61, Mr. Dow, though nearly sixty years of age, tendereil his services to the governor of Maine and was asked to raise a regiment. The tv ,ponse to his lall for volunteers was largely in excess of the t uml)er re(iuired. Out of these he made up a regiment and a battery of artillery. With his regiment, the 1 ^th Main -, which won an enviable reputation for its fine |)ersonnel and high discipline, he proceeded south, and the steamer in which he sailed was carelessly or treacherously run on Frying I'an Shoals. His courage and executive abilities were brought out in strong light in this great danger, and (ieneral Hutler who was on board, though [lersonally intensely dishking ('olonel ' )ow, took occasion to compliment him very highly, ami thanked him very cordially for his services in the eniergency. He was shortly after made brigadier- general, was twice wounded in the battle, and while convalescing was made prisoner of war and confined about nine months in l.ibby prison. After nearly three years of uninter- rupted absence from home, with health and strength greatly inifwiired, (Ieneral Dow- resigned his commission. From the outbreak of the rebellion to its close, while losing none of his interest in temperance, Mr. Dow largely devoted his energies through the press and platform, to sus- taining the government in a vigorous prosecution of the war. MRS. NKAl. now. '5^ PROHIBITION LEADERS HIS CONTRIBUTIONS to the papers were continued while he was in the, army and were pubhshed far and wide, in (Ireat Britain as well as in this country. From the beginning he insisted that there should be no peace which should permit the continued existence of slavery. His large ac(iuaintance in England gave his opinions great weight, and they proved so valuable to the cause of the Union there that his services were formally acknowledged by the United States minister at the court of St. James, and the Union and l'',man('i|)alion Society of (Ireat Britain, the great organization which represented the friends of the North in that country, tendered him a vote of thanks. While siiving so much thought and strength to the sub- ject of temperance and to public affairs, Mr. Dow was by no means uninterested in general business. From the time of attaining his majority for many years he was actively inter- ested, well-known and influential in various business enter- prises of Portland and all that tended to the growth and pros- perity of his native city. He was for years a member of the school committee, served for a long time as overseer of the poor department, and in other positions the city has had the benefit of his ability and experience. He was many years a director in the Manufacturers and Traders' Bank, and sub- sequently the National Traders' bank, in the Portland Com- pany, the Androscoggin and Kennebec Railroad (Company, and the Portland, now the Westbrook, Manufacturing Com- pany. He was also a trustee of the Maine Savings Bank and president of the Portland Caslight Company. He remained actively interested in these and other enterprises until the demands of the temperance cause upon his time were such as to make it wise for him to retire from acih business. Neal Dow married, January 20, 1830, Maria C^ornelia Durant .Maynard, who thereafter became so well known in the religious, the charitable, as well as in the social circles of Portland. She was born in Boston, June 18, 1808. Her father was a Boston merchant. She was educated in private schools in Boston, and was a woman of refinement, culture and ability. Upon h'ta marriage Mr. Dow moved into the house in which he still resides, on the corner of Congress and Dow streets, just opposite that in which he was born. It was built in 1829, and has been his home since his wed- ding day. Then there was connected with it an extensive garden plot, most of which has since been covered with houses. WITH THAT EXCEPnON the family home remains much as it was when the house was built, sixty-five years ago. In this house there were born to Neal Dow his ten children. Of these but four are now living — the eldest, Mrs. Louisa Dwight Benton, of Lancaster, N. H. ; the third, Emma M. Gould, of North Conway, N. H. ; the fifth, Fred- erick N. Dow, the present collector of the port of Portland ; and the sixth, Cornelia M. Dow, of Portland. Mrs. Dow died in January, 1883, at 75 years of age. When but sixteen years of age she had united with the South church in Boston; from this was dismissed to Dr. Pay.son's church in Portland ; afterwards, at the formation of the High Street church, she became a 'iiember of that society, and when State Street church was organized, joined that, with which she was connected at the time of her death. None who were acquainted with her in lier youth (save her husband) are now living, and many who were her friends in her maturer years have passed away, but during her life she was loved by a long list of beneficiaries, who were the recipients of her kindness and unostentatious charity. To few, if any, has such honor been paid as is accorded our fellow-citizen to-day. The friends of temperance throughout the world are exchanging congratulations over his long life and great work, and extending to him their wishes for Vr.vRS Oh' I'SKl'll, l.ft'K yet to come, '•v'ith these unite m.iny, who in various fields are »vl..l.liig and working for the progress of man, and who are glad to do honor to the long, consistent and successful life of Neal Dow. LETTERS AND DISPATCHES RECEIVED. The following are extracts from some of the c ngratula- tory letters and dispatches received by ( leneral I )ow. Some of these were from his fellow-citizens who have known him long and intimately in all his varied career, and others were from persons in various parts of the world and in different walks in life who united to do him honor. From Judge Henry Carter. H.WKRHii.i., Mass., March, 1894. To (leneral Neal Dow : Mv Dear Sir, — Allow me to congratulate you on the auspicious and pleasant circumstances under which you will enter upon your ninetieth birthday - with good health and vigor almost marvellous for your years, and with a retrospect of life which must cheer you with the consciousness that you have not lived in vain, but accomplished much good in the world, especially in the cause of temperance, to which your life has been so largely devoted. It must be highly gratify- ing to you to witness the signs from so many high sources that this fact is so generally conceded. It is not often that a reformer lives to witness even the partial success of his reform, when he attacks an evil which has existed for ages, and is intrenched in the habits, appetites and avarice of the people. I have been personally familiar with and now well remember, all the stages of the temperance reform in Maine for sixty years past — and I well remember you at all times as emphatically the " leader of leaders " in the cause especially in the legal aspect it assumed in Maine just after PROHIBITION LEADERS «53 the Washington movement. I was then editor of the Port- land Advertiser and also a representative in the legislature for Portland. I had stipulateil with the publishers of the paper (for I was not then an owner,) that I should treat the question, in all its aspects, in accordance with my own views without consulting them and my opinion was then, and still is, that grog-shops should not be licensed, but prohibited by law. I used whatever influence I could, both through the paper and as a representative, to pave the way for the passage of a law of the general character which I knew you contemplated. I remember to have notified you what day t-5 come to Augusta with your original draft of the law, and after your hearing before the committee the feeling was so strong in its favor that the common expression was " Pass it without dotting an i or crossing a t." The law was passed —and to-day the state of Maine is reaping great benefit from its influence. There is no state in the Union so comparatively free from the drink habit - there is no state in the Union so able to endure a financial crisis — and there is no state in the Union where the rum power has so small an influence in corrupting elections. As a Republican, I always point with pride to the fact that Republican conventions in Maine generally endorse and sus- tain the law, and the 1 )emocrats dare not antagonize it — and when the Democrats make an effort in that direction, they generally get a set-back from their own voters. Again I congratulate you and add my sincere hope that your old age may continue as bright and serene as at present -and that the good cause for which you have done so much may continue to progress, if not as rapidly as you might desire, still sufficiently so to denote progress to any intelligent and impartial observer. I am very truly your friend, (Signed,) Henry C.\i ikk. From the Governor of Maine. I join in extending congratulations to Cien. Dow. His have been years of diligent, earnest, faithful, conscientious work for the cause of humanity, and cannot be too highly estimated. Henry B. Cleaves. From the Secretary of State. Auc'.usT.v, March 17, 1894. Long years ago, when a very small boy, I applied to my grandfather. General Samuel Fessenden, then a prominent citizen of Portland, to know if Neal Dow was a good man. " Yes, my boy, and a very brave man also," was the reply. I could not comprehend it all at that early age, bu^ T have long since learned that the answer was an accurate one. . . . . In a broad sense, the state, the nation, yes, and the race, may properly be congiatulated upon his remarkable life and labor in behalf of an elevated mankind. Nicholas Fessenden. From the State Treasurer. Aur.usTA, March 17, 1894, Hon. Neai. Dow, Portland, Me. ; Dear Sir, -Your long life and usefulness in the great cause of temperance have made your name a household word throughout this great land, and all English-speaking people honor and revere you for the good work you have accom- plished for mankind. Hoping your life may be prolonged for many years to come, I remain, sincerely yours, CiEORGE L. BeaL. From the State Labor Commissioner. AucusTA, March 18, 1894. (Ienerai, Neal Dow ; Venerated Sir, - May you be spared many years to come to continue the work which no other living man has ever done so faithfully and well, thst of uplifting the fallen victims of intemperance, and blessing the world by doing so much in removing teni[)tation from the footpaths of the weak and sinful. Thank (Jod for such a life, its work and example, as yours. Yours most respectfully, S. W. Matthews. From Ex-Attorney-General Drummond. Portland, Me., March 20, 1894. Hon. Neal Dow ; My Dear Sir, — It is now nearly forty-live years since the time when I, then a student in the office of Boutelle & Noyes, made your acquaintance. Our first conversation, in consequence of some events that had recently transpired, was in relation to the suppression of the liquor-traffic. I well remember how much the evident intensity of your convictions of the evils of the traflfic, and the vigor of your determination to suppress it, affected me. And now, reviewing the intervening time, I am equally affected with admiration and surprise that the intensity of your convic- tions and the vigor of your efforts have kept pace with the years. I have not always agreed with you as to measures, but my confidence in the honesty of your purpose has never wavered, and my admiration of the earnestness, perseverance and self-sacrifice with which you have fought the battle, in spite of advancing years, is and always has been almost unbounded. Congratulating you upon the pleasure with which you must contemplate the events of your long life, and especially congratulating the world that it has the beneficent effect of such a life, I remain, Very truly yours, JosiAH H. Drummond. 1 .l\rai I •54 PROHIBITION LEADERS From Ex-Attorney-General Litttetkld. RocKi.ANi), Mk., March 17, 1894. The celebration of the ninetieth birthday of (leneral Neal Dow, of Portland, Me., is certainly a fitting occasion for the commemoration of the services of the foremost man of our time in the matter of prohibiting the traffic in intoxicating liijuor. By his untiring and effective services he has demonstrated the practical success of a prohihitory licjuor law. I think (leneral Dow, on this anniversary, is entitled to feel that by his public and private work in the warfare against the " gigantic crime of crimes " he has uontributed in a substantial degree to the advancement of christian civilization everywhere. Very respectfully, Ch.\K1,K.S K. LlTTl.EFIEI.l). From L. W. S., of the Argus. 71 La Favette Ave., Brooklyn. Dear Mr. Dow, — Most heartily I congratulate you on your good health at the ripe age of ninety years. The good you have done will live after yci, and your fame will grow- brighter and brighter with each revolving year as long as civilization lasts. N'our friend, Lauriston Warf) Small. i From Ex-Congressman General John J. Perry. It was a grand thought f'^at seemed to spring up simul- taneously in nearly every pa' ♦' our christian civilization in the wide, wide world, to ce. ^ ate the ninetieth birthday of that "grand old man," (leneiul Neal Dow. Too great honors can never be paid to the man who lias devoted his long life to the great cause of " moral reform" — who, amid the " fire and smoke of battle," has never lowered iiis flag or sounded a retreat, but marching at the front has rallied " the mighty hosts of God " to conijuered fields and splendid victories. As a temi)eraiice reformer, General Dow holds the first place among the long list of heroes who have been recognized leaders in the great movement of the present day against the drink-habit and the saloon. He has always been the leading spirit in the work of calling public attention to the dee]) criminality of the liquor-traffic, and giving it a place among the worst crimes against (lod and humanity Upon this line of temperance work his labors have been eminently successful. Although denounced as a fanatic by rum-sellers and rum-sympathizers, demagogues and cheap politicians, he persistently, year after year, demanded of the legislature of his own state a statute declaring the liquor-traffic contraband and an outlaw, until at last, principally through his agency, the "Maine law" and its subsequent amendments were enacted. To have been the "father of the Maine law" is glory enough for any man, a whole life. I have personally known (Jeneral Dow, both as a man and temperance worker, more than half a century, and it has been my good fortune to bear some humble part as a co-laborer with him in the great work of his life. I have always loved and respected him as a man and a citizen, and been proud to serve under a leader wliose Alpine horn "was worth a thousand men." And now, at the ripe age of four score years and ten, with what infinite satisfaction must the brave old ("lenerai look back upon a life so well spent, and with what perfect assurance can he look away "beyond the vale of years" to the time when he will receive from the great Master the welcome plaudit ; " \Vell done, thou good and faithful servant, enter into the joy of your Lord." John J. Perry. From Ex-Governor Burleigh. AuousTA, Me., March 20, 1894. (jEN. Neal Dow, Portland, Me.: My Dear (Ienekal, — .Accept my kind congratulations upon this proud anniversary. It is gratifying to all true friends of temperance to see so cordial and so widespread a recognition ot your noble life-work for the sup[)ression of the liquor-traffic. Sincerely yours, HowiN C. Blki.ekih. Frances E. Willard. I cannot express the solid satisfaction 1 have felt in doing what I could to forward this celebration. ( lenerai Neal Dow has lived a life that requires no apology. He has been always a man thoroughly loyal to womanhood and the home, a dauntless soldier in the forefront of that great battle for liberty which involves the emancipation of womeri and the downfall of the liquor-traffic. From Libby Prison Comrades. A congratulatory message was received from comrades of (ieneral Dow, confined with him in Libby prison ; Marion T. .Anderson, late (Japt. ("o. D., 51st Indiana Vet. Vols. Thos. H. .McKee, late Lieut, ist W. Va. Vols. Infantry. Wilson N. I'axton, late ('apt. Co. ("i., 140th Penn. \'ol. Infantry. L. P. Williams, late Lieut, and Brevet Major y.^rd Ind. Vols. A. von Haake, late Major 68th N. V. Vet. V. I. James P. Perley, late 13th. Mich. Vol. Infantry. New VfiRK, March 20. Hon. Neal Dow, Portland, Me.: Four thousand citizens of New \'ork and vicinity at t!arnegie Music Hall meeting, Sunday, March 18th, most heartily congratulate you on the occasion of your ninetieth birthday anniversary, .ind hereby express profound sympathy and admiration for you as an honored pioneer of the tem- perance reform, and especially as the author, successful promoter, and defender of the Maine prohibitory liquor law, and also as a brave, patriotic, christian citizen and philanthropist. • . Joseph A. Booarou?, Chairman. PROHIBITION LEADERS 'SS ■c id :is n, ■al From Ex-Governor Long, of Massachusetts. HosTON, March 20, 1894. Hon. Nkai. Dow, Portland, Maine: The Massachusetts 'Potal Abstinencj Society congratu- late you upon the completion of ninety years ot heroic life devoted to good works. John D. Long, President. Canon Basil Wilbertree, Southampton, h'njjland. (leneral Neal Dow is a block of type, and he has imprinted on the human race the eternal truth. When I was his guest at Portland I was deeply impressed by his gentle courtesy, his luminous intellect, .ind his elevated moral sense. The world is better that he has lived. From Senator Hale. Washinoton, I). C, March 17, 1894. Mv Dkar CiKnkrai, Dow: I wish I could join with your many friends who will meet you in Portland on your ninetieth birthday anniversary, but my engagements here are such that it is impossible for me to be present. I am sure that I represent the cordial sentiment of the people of Maine when I say that they have always appre- ciated your earnest and efficient battle for temperance and humanity, and that now, when both Europe and America join in expressions of respect and sympathy, no voice is more hearty and sincere than that from your native state. V.'jth the hope that there are before you years of health, and usefuhu'ss, and happiness, I am. Cordially yours, Euc.ENE Halk. From Senator Frye. United St.\tes Senate. j Wash INC, TON, D. C, March 13, 1894. / Mv Dkar Mrs. Stevens : I regret greatly that I cannot be present at and participate in the Neal Dow celebration to be held at Portland, March 20th, instant. I have known General Dow for many years, and have always admired him for his pluck, his devotion to principle, his ceaseless fight against the powers of darkness. He deliberately entered upon a crusade years ago, the ultimate purpose of which was to close the flood-gates of intemperance and save men from filling drunkards' graves ; and though he has been called on to endure persecution and all manner of harsh criticism, though now and then he has encountered serious obstacle.s, suffered keen disappointments, and has been, as he thought, deserted by those he counted as friends, the brave man has never lost heart, never grown weary in his well doing. May the dear Lord bless, keep, and reward this splendid old man. Very truly vours, Wm. p. Frye. From Senator Chandler, N. H. W AsiiiNinoN, March 20, 1894. (General Neai. Dow : Accept my congratulations upon your ninetieth birthday. Few men can look back upon a life so well spent, so full of good thoughts, good purposes and good deeds. May your years continue with health, and happiness, and troops of friends, is the wish of your Sincere admirer, Wm. K. Chandler. From tongressman Dingley. Washing roN, D. ('., March :;, 1894. Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens, C!hairman ('ommittee of Arrange- ments : Madam, — I regret that my public duties here render it impracticable for me to acce[)t the kind invitation of your committee of arrangements to be present and particijjate in the meeting to be held in Portland on the 20th inst., to commemorate the ninetieth birthday of Cen. Neal Dow. It is fitting that the friends of temperance everywhere should commemorate the event. For more than half a century (len. Dow has been the most active and con- spicuous worker in the temperance cause in this country, and, I may add, of the world. For forty-three years, dating from the adoption by the legislature of Maine in 1851 of the pro- hibitory principle in dealing with the grog-shop by-law, in a statute which he framed, and whose enactment he secured, Neal Dow has been justly regarded as the father of Prohibi- tion. * Not only in this country, but in (Ireat Hritain also, his voice has been heard atlvocating total abstinence from the use of into.xicating liquors as a beverage for the individual, and prohibition of the dram-shops by the state, — the latter as a necessary supplement to and support of the moral agencies employed to promote the former. From the day more than half a century ago, when a rumseller, whom he had besought not to sell licjuor to a friend whose appetite was rapidl; nurrying him to destruction, refused to grant the request on the plea that he had a license to sell liciuor and that was his business, this great apostle of temperance has been proclaiming his reply, '• Heaven helping me, I'll see if I can't change all that." That message, thank (Jod, has found lodgment in the hearts of millions of our people, and in good time will become the accepted policy of every christian state. While a comparatively small number of states have followed Maine in the universal application of the policy of prohibiting the dram-shop, yet twenty-two states have recognized the sound- ness of the principle by authorizing municipalities or counties to apply it within their jurisdiction. Although I cannot be with the friends of temperance who will meet in I'ortland on the 20th to extend congratulations to General Dow in person, yet I shall be with them in spirit. Sincerely yours. Nelson Dinolev, Jr. 'sfi PROHIBITION LKADERS 'fM:i ii: M From Ex Speaker Reed. House ok Rki'kkskntativks, U. S., i Washinciton, I). C, March 14, 1894. j Dear Madam,— I am not able to lie present at your meeting to do honor to (leneral Dow on liis ninetieth hirth day. I beg you to tender to my distinguished townsman my kindliest congratulations on the anniversary which marks his arrival at the end of a decade beyond the allotted years which by reason of strength any man may hope to reach. To few men i.i it given to come to so great an age with so much strength of body and so much vigor of mind. Very truly yours, (Signed,) T. 15. Rekh. To Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens. Fioni Congressman Milliken. House ok Repkesentaiives, U. S., \ Washinciton, 1). C, March 12, 1894. / Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens, Recording Secretary, W. C 'I'. U., Portland, Me : Dear Maijam, —Accept my cordial thanks for the kind invitation extended to me to be present at the meeting on the ninetieth birthday of Cieneral Neal Dow. I assure you that were I not confined here by my public duties I should take pleasure in being with you to contribute my testimony to the respect and honor in which I believe all intelligent citizens of Maine and our country hold the venerable reformer, whose strong character and earnest effort have impressed themselves for good upon his fellow- men even beyond the limits of his own country. Let us hope that he may live even yet many years, to see the beneficent fruits of the brave and vigorous struggles of his long life. With sincere r( gard, Very truly yours, Seth L. Mm, liken. From the Reverend Joseph Cook. Boston, Mass., March 14, 1894. The face of George Washington was a large type copy of the ten commandments. So is that of Neal Dow. Con- science and courage, will and wisdom, duly combined, make celestial fire. A large spark of that fire was a divine gift to Neal Dow's soul. This has made him for nearly a century a purifying force in American civilization. Whether as mayor, legislator, general or civilian, he has always been a reformer, at once unselfish and unflinching. Every temper- ance blade should have a hilt and every temperance hih should have a blade. The Maine prohibitory law, as framed and executed by Neal Dow, was a sword with both blade and hilt. His principles of total abstinence and Prohibition give that blade a double edge and make it invincible. He h-i:-) fought a good fight, he has kept the faith, and even at ninety years of age he has not finished his course. Joseph Cook. Portland City Government Congratulates General Dow. .At a meeting of the city government, held last evening, his honor, the mayor, presiding. Alderman Thompson pre- sented the following order : Resolved, That a committee of two, with such as the commo;i council may join, be appointed to call to-morrow upon our distinguished fellow-citizen and oldest living ex- mayor of this city, Cieneral Neal Dow, and tender him the congratulations of the city government upon his long contin- ued health and strength, and ujwn the wides|)read apprecia- tion of his eminent services, manifested in the general recog- nition of the ninetieth anniversary of his birth. On this committee the mayor appointed Aldermen Thompson and Mc(Joivan, and Councilmen Johnson, Snow and Howell. From Mrs. Livermore. Mei.rose, Mass., March 13, 1894. Mv Dear Mrs. Stevens, — I am sorry that I cannot attend your Neal Dow celebration in Portland, Ma ch 20. But we have a similar meeting in Boston at the sarri ; hour, in the old historic King's Chapel, and I am due there. It is a most excellent thing that we are to celebrate ( leneral Neal Dow's ninetieth birthday so largely in New Eng- land and elsewhere. It challenges the attention ofthe public to the life and character of a man who nearly sixty years ago dared fling down the gauntlet to the untiuestioned oligarchy, and entering the lists against it, succeed in driving it from his own state. Persistently waging warfare against the drink- evil ever since, filling public positions always with an eye to the public welfare, when past the age of bearing arms lead- ing his tr()0])s in the war of the rebellion, which eventuated in the death of slavery, never to know a resurrection on American soil, and all the while living a beautiful and imma- culate life as husband, father and private citizen — is he not a man whom the moral and christian world delight to honor ? I remember when the " Maine Law," was enacted, and Neal Dow was elected mayor of Portland. All temperance people were thrilled, for there was a way out from the thraldom ofthe li(]uor traffic, and Neal Dow had demon- strated it. 'The " Maine Law " and the work that carried it was the genesis of the movement for Prohibition, now world- wide, and which is sure of ultimate victory. What an inspiration to noble living is furnished by the career of our ninety-year-old hero. How it should stir our young men to lofty aims, and " To lay their foundation in the skies, And then build upward. Who shall dare to tell How high the glory of their house ahall rise, Or in what golden chambers they shall dwell?" Yours truly, Marv A. Livermore. J. N. Stean.s, New York City. The world takes off its hat to Neal Dow as he reaches his ninetieth mile-post. PROHIBITION lp:ai)i:rs '57 lie )W ;x- de From Ex-Governoi Perliam. Washington, I). C, March 14, 1894. Dear Mrs. Stkvens, — I regret very much that I cannot accept your kind invitation to be present at the celebration of the ninetieth birthday of deneral Neal Dow in Portland, March 20th. For many years it lias been my privilege to be a co-worker with tJcneral Dow in the effort to maintain Prohi- bition in the state of Maine. My association with him has inspired the most profound respect for him as a man and as the recognized leader in the suppre.ssion of the li(|uor traffic through legal enactments. It was a happy thought that prompted the movement to celebrate this event by temiierancc people throughout the world. Kirst, because the life-work of (lenerai Dow is eminently deserving of such recognition, and secondly, be- cause it cannot fiiil to strengtiicn the sentiment in favor of Prohibition of the liijuor traffic, of which he has been the most pronounced and efficient advocate. The people of Maine, especially, owe to (lenerai Dow a debt of gratitude which they can never repay except by maintaining steadfastly tiie prohibitory law and demanding and securing its enforcement in all parts of the state. \'ery truly, RoDNKv Pkrham. From the Governor of New Hampshire. Concord, March 19th, 1894. Accept my congratulations on your ninetieth birthday. New Hampshire still stands with Maine for Prohibition. I have a pleasant recollection of an address by you to a large assembly of people in the State House Park in Concord in the early fifties. This in our state was the discussion period of the then called Maine law. I was a small boy then, but still remember well some things you said, and I remember you said them well. I wish you good health and a still longer life. With great respect. Yours truly, John B. Smith, Governor of New Hampshire. From Senator Gallinger of New Hampshire. Washington, D. C, March 20, 1894. Hon. Neai. Dow, — Congratulation on your ninetieth birthday. The cause of temperance owes you a debt of gratitude that can never be repaid. It is a great distinction to be acknowledged as the father of Prohibition in the country. New Hampshire followed the example of Maine in adopting a prohibitory law, and the Cranite State gladly joins with the Pine Tree State in wishing you a happy anniversary to-day, and a still happier anniversary ten years hence. May Cod bless and keep you. ■' ' J. H. CiAI.IJN(iER. Lady Henry Somerset. It is a happy thing for us all that he has lived these ninety noble years. The Priory, Keigate, Kngland. Rev. Theodore L. Ciiyler, D. D. As the glorious veteran has been one of ( lod's heroes of the nineteenth century, may he live to march into the twentieth "with his Ixjaver on." Henry W. Blair, M. C. N. H. I was with him in battle when he was wounded, so that I feel a sort of vested interest in this grand old veteran of a thousand battles for Cod and man. Mrs. S. F. Chapin, Charleston, S. C. Crand old hero ! May he reach the goal with his torch brightly burning, leaving the legacy of a grand work accom- plished for his state and country. Ex.-Governor Long, Massachusetts. His devotion to a noble cause, his consistent example, his courage and his faith, have made him one of the heroes of the century. Lillian M. Phelps, St. Catherines, Ont. It is his unswerving, unflinching, " right about front " to every (juestion that gives us the sum total of the Crand Old Man of Maine. Rev. C. C. McCabe, a Fellow-Prisoner of Neal Dow in Libby. A man who is a genuine ally of the Lord Cod Almighty in making this world better and in hastening the millenium glory. Among the other letters and telegrams received were the following : From Judge Whitehouse. Augusta, March 20, 1894. Gen. Neai. Dow ; Honored Sir, — Please accept my sincere congratula- tions that you have been enabled to celebrate the ninetieth anniversary of your birth, with health and strength unim- paired,and with unexampled tributes of honor, gratitude and praise from moral and Christian people in nearly all the civilized nations of the earth. The beneficent influence of your life upon the welfare and prosperity of the people of Maine will be felt to the remotest generation. In the hope that you will in like manner and condition reach many other milestones in the journey of life, I am, with great respect, Your obedient servant, Wm. p. Whitehouse. I' 'lij 't ,1 158 PROHIBITION LEADERS From Geo. S. Hunt, President Merchants' National Bank. Portland, Me., March 20, 1894. ("iKN. Nkai. Dow : Mv Dkar Sir, — With the overwht'lming nunihcr of letters of congratul.ition which you are receiving I cannot presume to think that any word of mine would add anything to your hap[)iness, yet, as a citizen of Portland, it is a pleasure to me to offer my word of congratulation on the occasion of your ninetieth birthday, and to wish you many more years of health, happiness and usefulness. Very respectfully yours, CiEO. S. Hunt. From Henry W. Blair, M. C, from New Hampshire. Washington, D. C, March 20, 1894. (lEN. Nkai. Dow : I heartily join in the great voice of congratulations and thankfulness which arises from all parts of the country on this your ninetieth l)irthday, for the nobility of your charac- ter and the great services you have performed for mankind. Henry W. Hi.air. Sir Leonard Tilley, St. John, N. B. I have met him on the platform in England, the United States and Canada. He is always logical and convincing, his motto ever seems to be, " No surrender." I pray that his valuable life may be spared many years more to work for C'lOd and humanity. Sir Wilfred Lawson, Brayton, Carlisle, England. On his coming birthday we can show how gratefully we appreciate his labors and honor his devotion to the cause of justice, progress and humanity. Ex-Governor St. John, Kansas. Prohibition will triumph, the saloon will go down and out forever, our homes will rejoice and be glad, and no one will be entitled to greater credit for this result than our brave old leader, Neal Dow. W. S. Caine, London. There is no speech nor language where his nice has not been heard. Rev. Asa Dalton, Rector St. Stephen's Church, Portland, Me. In it all Neal Dow has been the principal factor, deserves the chief credit, and is held in highest respect in the city where he has lived all his life. President J. W. Bashford, Ohio Wesleyan University. I never saw him discouraged for a moment during the darkest days of any campaign. Louise Ormiston Chant, Londoi , England. Maine and the world owe Neal Dow ,reat gratitude. Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens, Portland, Me. I believe in some future day the grateful children will erect to his precious memory a monument as grand as any ever dedicated to freedom's cause. Ann F. Greeley, Ellsworth, Me. The women of Maine thank CidiI for Neal Dow. Incidents. At an early hour in the morning congratulatory messages began to arrive, and through the day up to late in the after- noon it was fretiuently tiie case that four or five telegraph messengers were at the door at the same time, often with three and four despatches each. These came from all parts of this country, the Dominion of Canada and Great Britain with occasionally one from outside, as from Nassau, Prince Edward Island, etc. They came from local and state branches of the W. C. T. U., from local temperance lodges and divisions of the Sons of Temperance, from churches, schools, colleges, literary societies, from governors, senators, congressmen and from personal friends. With the messengers from telegraph companies came many others, bearing floral offerings or notes of congratula- tion from citizens of Portland. The mail-carriers also were burdened with letters. These came from every point it would seem having mail facilities and some were in foreign language. Prom ten o'clock in the morning until after five in the afternoon callers were constantly arriving. ;rvc's (•i(v THE OHIO ANTI-SALOON LEAGUE. By Howard H. Russel, LL. B. TH !•; purpose of this writing is to recite how a great revolution against the li(iuor domination has broken Ibrtli and gathered headway in Oliio during tlie i)ast two years. The power and promise of this new belligerent upon the old arena of temperance hostilities are found in the fact that there has been effected a tremendous combination of hitherto scattered companies, squads and private soldiers who, under one central management, are being drilled and disciplined and hurled against the common foe. The Ohio Anti-Saloon League was orgaiii/.ed at Oberlin, the birthiilace of other reform movements in the past. The constitution of the League proposed '' to combine and concentrate the various temperance organizations and individuals of the state along such lines of work as all can unite upon " against the traffic in intoxicating li(|uors as a beverage in the State of Ohio. It was proposed to make the organization inter- denominational and onini-parti/.an. The |)olitical purposes of the League were carefully defined in the following declaration : " The League shall form no political |)arty. It shall seek affiliation with and aid from no political party as such, but shall endeavor to influence and secure the support of the individual members and officers of all the political organizations of the state." As the name implies, the League (-oncentrates its operations against the saloon. A state superintendent was elected, with the understanding that he give his whole time to the work, and a central head(iuarters was opened at the capital of the state. This was in Se])tember, 1895. .\mi(l many difficulties, arising from the apathy and discouragement of the people, seventy- five organizations were formed before the next session of the state legislature, which met in January, 1894. The whole power of the new organization was then turned into legisla- tive channels. At the adjournment of the legislature organizing work was vigorously [)ushed, until, at the present time, two years from the beginning, there are now nearly 500 branches co-operating with the central organization. Four departments of permanent work are zealously advocated and kept active by the officers of the state department. I'"irst and foremost, the agitation department. In this department we stimulate each organization to hold regular public union anti-saloon meetings, and as far as possible the state superintendent co-operates with each local league in securing speakers to address the meetings. Each league is visited once a year or oftener by one of the field secretaries of the league. Seventeen hundred such meetings were conducted directly under the auspices of the state de|)artment the first year, and the sec'ond year over 6,000 meetings have been held. (Quartette and .solo singers have accompanied the speakers to add attractions to the meetings. Anti-saloon Sunday is one of the special features of our work in the agitation department. This means that on a given Sunday all the churches in a locality set apart one of the services of the day as an anti-saloon anniversary, and the address or sermon is delivered by one of the salaried or volunteer speakers for the league. The anti-saloon medal contest, similar to the Demorest contest, except that non- partizan selections are spoken, is also doing valuable agita- tion work. Over two tons of tracts have been printed, and are being circulated throughoi t the state. 'i"he aim of the league is by aggressive, pers'stent and united agitation to kee[) a'ive a vigorous j)ublii sentiment against the li(iuor habit and traffic. In this way the league aims to secure both the enactment and enforcement of law through a stern and steady demand. Our second department is the department of law- enforcement. In the enforcement of law the anti-saloon league does not make use of the " law and order league " methods. No detectives or lawyers are employed as a rule. The theory of the league is that the executive and police officers of the town or city have been elected, sworn in, and are being paid to strictly enforce the laws of the state, and ordinances of the town. By the federation of all law-abiding citi/.ens we have been able in many cities and towns of Ohio to secure the faithful enforcement of law by the municipal officers ; or, in case of their refusal or neglect to enforce law, defeated them at the primaries or polls and secured the election of officers who would perform their duty. There is also the department of legislation. In the last general assembly our young organization took an active and forceful part. We were able to prevent the enactment of three legislative bills which are sought for by the liquor league of the state. We also secured the enactment of two i6o PROHIBITION I.KADERS i^" wholesome laws of decided advantage to the cause of tem- perance. The most important measure introduced by our league at the assembly was known as the tlaskcU bill. The bill provides for local o|)tion for counties, cities, wards of cities and incorporated villages and townships, with a vote recurring every two years upon the Australian ballot. When this bill is enacted into law it is anticipated that neary two thirds of the geographic territory of the state will be placed under Prohibition at the first vote thereunder. The bill was forced to a vote in the house at the last session, but failed of necessary majority. A bill providing for similar features will be introduced by the league at the coming assembly, which meets in January, i8t)6. We hope that Ohio will at that time take her place in the honorable list of such states as Oeorgia, Mississippi and Arkansas, where the reform has been pushed rapidly forward through similar methods of legal treatment. Our financial departnunt has heen systematically and successfully conducted. The league is supported by the voluntary subscriptions of its members in all parts of the state. Monthly subscriptions, jiayable (piarterly for a year, are given in the public meetings of the league and are col- lected ^,) local collectors, who receive a small percentage for their lervices. Some generous subscriptions have been made by Ijvel-headed business men, who have recognized the common-sense method? and business system of our league. Several thousand persons have given smaller sums. The first year an aggregate of $8,000 was raised, and the present year, closing with September ,?oth, an aggregate of about $24,000 has been received and disbursed by the state treasurer. The state finance committee of our league is appealing to the people of the state for $40,000 for the support of the work the ensuing year. The various departments of work of the league have been carried forward by able men who have been called one after another to ve as field secretaries, until we now have fifteen salaried workers in the headquarter's office and in the field, giving their whole time to the work. Several of them are successful ministers ; nearly all are college-bred men, and the anti-saloon cause has been dignified by thus systemizing the work and carefully choosing reputable and talented men to carry it on. The results of the work of the league have in every way accorded with the hopes of its projectors. Over two hundred saloons — a mile of saloons — have been thus far closed by the direct work of the league, and many more have been closed or compelled to observe the restrictions of the law through the better enforcement of the statutes throughout the state. In 1893, when the league was organized, there had been an increase in the state, year by year, for the past five years preceding, of over four hundred saloons per yi ..r. There has been a reduction in the number of saloons of over four hundred since the league was formed. This prohibi- ti 1 of saloons has been brought to pass in various town- ships and municipal corporations of the state by the use of the present prohibitory statutes - the township local law and the "council" features of the Dow law. The Ohio State l-iijuor League has just held its annual convention at the city of S|)ringfield. The |)resident's address was devoted chielly to sounding an alarm to the trade. He reminded the delegates of the powerful organization now arrayed against thcni in the anti-saloon league, and viewed with special apprehension the probable legislation of next winter. The good effects of the work of our organization would have been utterly impossible without the federation of the anti-saloon forces of the state. Such a federation would have been impossible at the present time upon any othet basis of action than that contem|)lated by the constitution of our league. We enlist our members without regard to their political relations. Our state board of trustees and every local executive committee is made up of the members of the various jiolitical |)arties anti-saloon Republicans, Demo- crats, Populists and Prohibitionists work side by side .against their common foe. A most blessed fellowship has been formed of the niembers of the various conflicting faiths of Christendom. Catholics, Jews and Protestants are mustered together in a common warfare. Leading men of all the Pro- testant denominations are warmly co-operating in the local and state management. Within the jjast ninety days the three prelates of the Catholic church of Ohio, Most Rev. Archbishop Llder, of Cincinnati ; Bishop Watterson, of Columbus, and Bishop Horstman, of Cleveland, have all heartily endorsed the methods of the league and the prin- ciples of the Haskell local option bill, and have consented to co-operate in the work. Bishop Watterson has made several very strong addresses in the largest cities of the state, and many of the leading priests have joined heartily in our meetings upon the same program with Protestant ministers, appealing to the peo|)le of all religious faiths to support our league and legislative bill. At theannual state meeting of the Catholic Total Abstinence Society the state superintendent of our league was unanimously elected as fraternal delegate and invited to a part in the c.'scussions of the body — an unprecedented but hope-bearing incident. The political assimilation of the members of th ; various political parties is well attested by the fact that lecontly an appeal on behalf of the anti-saloon league was mide by the presiding elders of the Methodist church to the pastors and members of that denomination in their districts, and this appeal was signed by svery white, colored, and C.erman presiding elder in the state. Our federation of the forces of good citizenship against the sal lon is no longer an experiment. It is already a demonstration. Let such an aggressive combination be formed in every state; let the tocsin of our league, "The saloon must go," ring out in an inter-state or national unison, and a better day for temperance will be speeded throughout the land. Under the blessing of Almighty Cod, unity and persistency will bring victory. LIBERTY AND GOVERNMENT. By Robert C. Pitman, I.L. D. From the Volume, "Alcohol and the State," publi:heU by the National Temperance Society, New York. " It is a common fauli of enthusiasts for lilieity that they a matter of fact, we know that no one has come under the domain of law by any jjrocess of voluntary assent. The simple fact is that men are born under government as they are born into society. They have the power of withdrawal from either ; but if they remain and accept the advantages they must pay the price. The vast majority of the people of New Kngland, for instance, believe that the material prosperity of the highest good of the whole community are promoted by universal education ; they also believe that this can be secured in no other way than by a system of state schools. Must they abandon the system and forego all its blessings, because a few crotchety individuals dissent from this view? If so. where shall we stop ? 'i'he very highways are not built for " protection," but for convenience. It is not reasonable to sxy to the dissentient members of society, "To government you owe not only the security of life and property, but its enhanced value ? N'ou can not have at once all the added wealth of civilization, with the wild freedom of the forest." Various attempts have been made to define the sphere of government. The definitions do not stand the test of criticism. As practical limits no one will ever accept them.* The truth is, no definition which deals in much limitation is practicable. We may safely say that the bill of rights in •Arthur Helps, in his "Thoughts on GovernmenI," well says; " There are persons who theoretically declare that ihey desiie the least possible of governmental interference in all their affairs , but when any calamity occurs, or when any great evil, socially speaking, comes to the surface and is much talked about, these same persons will be found joining in the cry that government ought to have foreseen this — ought to look to that, and, in short, all of a sudden (often when it is too late) they are willing greatly to extend their views with regard to the proper functions ol government." the constitution of .Massachusetts (Art. NTI.), that "govern- ment is instituted for the common good ; for the protection, safety, pros|Krity, anil happiness of the peo|)le ; and not for the profit, honor, or private interest of any one man, family, or class of men. ' Hut what government may properly do for "the prosiH-rity anil happiness of the |)eople" varies greatly with time and place. In one coinitry it may even Ik; inexpeilieiu to establish a system of common schools ; in another it may lie well to supplement the In-st schools (lommon only in the sense of universal) with free public libraries, with national galleries of art, with civic parks and gardens. At times it may Ije well for the state to assume the control of postal and telegraphic service ; at other times to leave it to private enterprise. I know it is said that it is dangerous to allow this broad sco|)e to government. To this I cannot give a better answer than in the conmion sense words of Huxley : " It was urgeil thai if the right u( ihi stale to «ic|. Iwyond assigned limits were admitted, there was no slop, and the principle which allowed the stale to enforce vaccination or education would allow it to prescribe his religious belief, or the number of courses he had for dinner, or llie pattern of his waislooai. The answer to that was surely obvious, for on similar grounds the right of man to eat when he was hungry went, for if they allowed a man to eat at all there was nothing to slop him from gorging. In practice, a man left off when he had sufficient. S) the cooperative reason of the community would soon find out when state infjlerence had been carrieil far enough." IdllN ^HAKI MM. I..* The s|)eculr.tive views of Spencer upon government have been less familiar to the [lublic than the essay of .Mill upon " Liberty." Certain high sounding sentences from this book have served to garnish attacks upon restrictive legislation upon the li(|uor trattic, and the very name of .Mill has lent a sort of respectability to the advocacy of free trade in intoxicants. It can not be denied that John Stuart Mill has exercised a considerable degree of fascination over a class of generous- minded young people. Some degree of that personal magnetism which availed in his lifetime, as sturdy John Bright recently confesses, to make him for the time, against his judgment, a supporter of female suffrage, seems trans- fused into the written page. And as our steadfast friend, during the dark days of the rebellion, when P-nglish friends seemed few, he seemed to have an additional claim to a favorable reception on this side of the .\tlantic. And if we add to these considerations a recognition of his pellucid, clear-cut styie, it will not be difficult to understand his • If I seem, to the general reader, to devote too mu-:h attention to the speculations of Mill, I beg to (piole an incident related by Kev. Mr. Vibbert in a paper read l>efore the national temperance convention at Chicago in 1875: "Several years ago I wrote to a judge of the supreme court of Ma.:sachusetts, to the United Slates district attorney, to a candidate for secretary of state, now a member of congress, all men of high worth and ability, asking them for the strongest objections to Prohibition. Each gentleman in his reply referred me to ex Gov- ernor Andrews' argument, and to the fourth chapter of John Sluart Mill's ' Essay on Liberty.' " I may add that Andrews himself placed great stress upon the opinion of Mill. I'ROHMJITION LEADERS "'J |x>|)ularity. I shi>uld Ih; ashAincd to invoke against Mr. Mill the Iheoliigieum odium, but it st-ems fair to say that sinri' tin- puMication of his autobiography tlu- reatk-r will find his admiration so niingkd with commiseration that he will be indis[)osed to lean upon Mill as an authority, or to trust him as an intellectual guide any further than the light of his reason shows the path. I'il/. James Stephen, in his able critique on Mill (entitled " l.ilM:rty, E(|uality and I'Vaternity,") points out the fact, which no careful reader of Mill's essay coukl fail to notice, that he uses a great deal of assertion and very little argument. .\nil this is the more remarkable as he is a decided opjjonent of the intuitional school. We are, therefore, rather to examine statements than to discuss proofs. IMS HOC TKINE OK I.IHK.RTV. We desire to give Mr. Mill's idea of personal liberty and the sphere of government in his own words. In the introduction to his essay he says: " The oliject of lhi» essay is to assetl one very simple principle, as entilled to govern aluolutely the ilealings of society wiili ihe indiviilual in the way of compulsion am. control, whether the means used lie physical force in the form of legal pennlties or the moral coercion of piililic opinion. Thnl principle is, th.il the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfer- ing with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection. That the only purpose (or which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community against his will is to prevent harm to others" (p. 2},). Here we come again upon the Spencerian theory of government, which we have already examined. Hut in protesting against a limitation of the powers of government, which would deprive it of all right to promote the common welfare by public improvement : to satisfy the common sense of humanity by public provision for the poor, the sick, and the class of " defectives ; " to educate beyond such elementary instruction as may tend to prevent such gross ignorance as threatens the safety of the state ; to care in any way for the higher development of society yet it is to be observed that the i)rinciple whicli Mr. Mill lays down, instead of overturning, directly recognizes the central basis upon which the advocate of the suppression of the litjuor- traffic rests his case. If we have proved anything in the course of this discussion, we have proved exactly this ; that the liiiuor-dealor is doing " harm to others." That is the exact and foreknown result of his business. Nor does it contsitute any shield to him that, in order to effect this harm, he has to entice or enslave the will of the drinker. The state suffers no less, and is no less clearly bound to interfere " to prevent harm to others," which is the inevit- able sequence to the traffic and disappears with its suppression. This would be so if the drinker himself were the only victim ; the case is still stronger because of the fact that the innocent wife and children, and society itself in its every interest, feels the "harm." AI'P1,IC.\TI0NS. But the " applications " which Mill makes are far more shocking than the principle he lays down. " Fornication, for example, must lie tolerated, and so must gambling " (p. 191). .\s to the marriagi' relation, after tpioting the opinion of Wilhelm von Humboldt, to the effect thit it "should re(|uire nothing more than the declared will of either |)arty to dissolve it," he calls attention to the fact that in many cases " the relation Ix'tween two contracting parties hah been followed by conse(|uences to others," giving rise to obligations, and he adds, "even if, as von Humboldt maintains, they ought to make no difference in the legal freedom of the |)arties to release themselves from the engagement (and I also hold that they ought not to make much difference), they necessarily make a great difference in the moral freedom " (p. joi). Of course, he regards "Sabbatarian legislation" as an " important example of illegitimate interference with the rightful liberty of the individual, not simply threatened, but long since irarried into triuriqihant effect " (p. 174). Of these evil things he is sure. Of some others even his great mind is left in doubt. Thus, after stating that fornication and gambling must In.- tolerated, he puts the ijuestion : " Hut should a person lie free to lie a pimp or to keep a gambling-house ? The case is one of those which lie on the exact boundary line lietween two principles, and it is not at once apparent to which of the two it properly belongs. There are arguments on both sides" (p. 191). .\nd after stating them he naively says : " I will not venture to decide " (p. 193). In such a state of mind, it i.s, [jerhaps, not strange that lie deprecates all interference with the liquor-traffic. He is too clear-sighted not to see that restriction must rest upon the same ground as Prohibition ; and he declares for free trade in the commodity. He says : " To tax slimuLnnts for the sole purpose of making them more dinicult to be obtained is a measure differinp only in degree from their entire prohibition ; an" is no doubt a wholesome maxim to Ik.- applied to the making as to the administration of laws ; but when it is (it niaximit, if the evil is so vast and varied as to be incapable of computation, and is in that sense indefinite, it surely furnishes no reason for forl)earance. It is a truism to say that no business or pursuit known to civili/ed life inflicts greater ilamage or exposes society to greater risks than the traffic in (|uestion. It is not " definite " simply becau.se it is too great to be calrulable ; it is fearfully indefi nite, but it is a fixed fact in the past and morally certain in the future. We might well rest the argument here. We have shown that, even upon the necessary concessions of Mill, society has a right in a case of such actual damage and such constant peril to it.self as the liiiuortraflic causes, to inter- fere with the " lil)erty" of the seller ; and if this be so, it is immaterial that the liberty of the buyer is incidentally affected. Hut if there were occasion, the argument might be pushed much further. Such interference seems main- tainable upon princi|)le. leaving its extent to be determined by considerations of practicablity and expediency. Let us not be misled by favorite words. " Lil)erty," says Dr. .Arnold, " is a means and not an end," and that true liberty which secures the free development of man's higher nature frecpiently depends upon the restraint of the lower appetites. So " Wholeiome laws preserve us free Ky stinting of our liberty."* I'-very one recogni/.es the authority of society to interfere by outward restraint in case of individuals of unsound or immature mind, and recognizes the further fact that such interference, though nominally one of restraint, is really in the interest of normal development. Now, where society sees that individuals, even where they fall short of that actual state of drunkenness which the (Jreeks expressively designated as " brief madness," are yet exposed to that overpowering temptation which the lic|uor-dealer presents, by which tln.'ir inner will is mastered, may not society take olT the external force, and so leave the man to be his own master ? To this extent, at least, it seems to us that government not only may, but ought to go. And no pro- hibitory laws yet enacted have attempted to go further. They have not prohibited buying ; they have not made it impracticable for any man whose sober judgment approves the drinking habit to procure by forethought such a supply of "pure" imported liquors as will allow him the inestim- able privilege of such a diet or such a stimulant. As this treatise has a practical object, it is unneces.sary here *0r, as Thomas Carlyle, in his rough prose, sets forth the con- verse : " No man oppresses thee, O free and independent franchiser ! but does not this stupid pewler pot oppress ihee ? No son of Adam can bid thee come or go, but this absurd pot ol heavy-wet can and does I Thou art the thrall not of Cedric the Saxon, but of thy own brutal appetites and this accursed dish of liquor. And thou pratest of thy ' liberty,' thou entire blockhead I " I'kOHIHI riON LHADKRS "'5 to consider how much farther tlic right of i«(M.'iLiy nuy extend.* IHK OI'I'OMIK |iKin>. It is a striking fact tl)at while S|)cncL'r ami his scliool have lart;ely led the speculative mind of the present genera tiun in the direction of "nihilism" in government, the practical and legislative mind has l)ecn going exactly in the contrary. Spencer says, as we have before ijuoted : " Thus, as civilization advances does government decay." Arthur Helps, in his " I'hou^hts on (iuvurnment," directly antagonizes him thus ; " It is the i)|iinii)n of joins |ieo|ile, Imt, ai I conlemi, a wronu and <]elu>ive iipininn, that ai civili/alion advancea ihcre will lie leu ami le»» need for ijovernment. I maintain (hat, on the contrary, there will lie more and more need." So far, the practical victory remains most markedly with Mr. Helps. And the causes for this are not difficult to •The reader who wishes to follow .n suggestive ilisciiHsion of the ratioiiiiU of covernmeni interference with outward freedom in the interest of a higher, as applied to Knglish " Factory Legislation," will read with intercut the chapter on " Law in Politics," page 324, uf a book entitled " The Keign of Law," liy the Duke of .Argyll. understand. In the first place, as one of the rcHUitx of modern civilization, men are brought closer together in every way, anti their relations multiplied in numtH.T and complexity ; so that, as I'rof. Hiiidey ol.s'rves, the artion of one man his more inlhience over annther, and it iK-comes " less possible for one to do a wrong thing without inter fering more or less with the freedom of his fellows." Then, again, a closer stttdy of the laws of human solidarity has shown how the well-being of all depends on the well being and welldoing of each, while a better ac(|uaintance with the moral and physical laws of the universe has revealed kinds of injury and dam.ige unnoticed by former generations. M the same time, the intense pursuit of wealth and the creation of vast mom.'yed cor|)orations, as a necessary means for carrying on the great enterprises of the day, has made labor, while noiniiially free, (|uite at the mercy of capital at vital points, without legislative protection. Simultaneously with this, there has grown ttp under the educating inlluence of ciirislianily, a tenderer sympathy for the weak, a stronger sense of human brotherhootl. .\iul when to these causes we add the historic fact, that in all civilized countries the people have been steadily, if slowly, " coming to power," it is not strange that legislation has lieeii growing mure jihilanthropic and government more paternal. !!PHi LAW AS A TEACHER. By Robert C. Pitman, LL. D. From the Volume, " Alcohol and the State," Published by the National Temperance Society, New York. tf-' Hi! " Law anil government are the sove. ijHuence in human society ; in the last resort they shape anil contrcil it at their pleasure . inslitulions depend on them and are liy lliem formed and modified ; what they sanction will ever be generally considered innocent ; what they condemn is thereby made a crime, and if persisted in becomes rel)ellion."— Thomas Arnold, D. U. I AM aware that the very ide.T of government iieroming in any sense a school-master is repulsive to those who attribute it to no higher funrtion than that of a policeman to knock on the head the rascal who is pilfering a purse. Hut to most men government has nobler and wider func- tions, and is among the beneficent institutions ordained by the Cireat Lawgiver for the jiromotion of human welfare ; and if human welfare depends primarily on moral conduct and character, then government, in the discharge of its proper duties, should not only frame its laws so as (to (|uotc Mr. (Gladstone) "to make it as hard as possible for a man to go wrong and as easy as possible for a man to go right," but it is bound to set before him a true ethical standard. Reverence for law is a sentiment of force among both the lower and the higher classes of society. Coarser natures are impressed by the power it represents and the force which executes it ; while the higher feel toward it something of that chivalric loyalty which found expression in the well-known sentence of Hooker, in which he declares of law as an idea that " there can be no less acknowledged than that her seat is the bosom of (Ind, her voice the harmony of the world ; all things in heaven and earth do her homage, the very least as feeling her care and the greatest as not exempted from her power." The educa- tional influence of the laws of a country, though silent, is yet constant and most powerful, because not merely of their external authority, but because of this strong instinct of reverence. Every student of the philosophy of history has noted how influential have been the laws of a people in fixing their moral standard. An expression at first of the high or low state of the average private conscience, they have re-acted upon that conscience and served to intensify and perpetuate the state of mind and heart which gave them birth. This idea was forcibly expressed and pertinently illus- trated by Judge Sprague nearly thirty years ago in his speech before the committee of the M.issachuseti.s legislature : " It is a profound observation th.it the morality of no people can be maintained above the morality of their laws. Their institutions are an index of their sentiments. Reason, observation, anil history, all teach this. While gambling houses were licensed in Paris and New Orleans, thai vice could not there be made disgr.nceful ; and where prosliuition even has been licensed, as in so. ■^''rts of luirope, it ha)» been there viewed in a very dilTetent ligh' from :..e abhorrence wiih which we regard it. Where polygamy is lawful a plurality of wives is reputable. If we recur to the history o( Uouie, we learn that public broihels v/ce there tolerated with the inscription ' ///V haHlal ftlicilas ' glaring upon I'.eir front, .is may even now be seen in the ruins of Pompeii ; and at the same time public exhibitions of mortal combat by gladiators, and of human victims thrown to wild beasts, were common amusements of the people. And what was the effect upon morals and manners? .\ combination of the extremes of luxurious licentiousness and ferocious barbarism. The laws of a country may reconcile public sentiment to crimes, even the most abhorrent 1,0 our nature, to murder itself; nay, to the murder of one's own olTspring. Where infanticide is allowed people look on and see parents desi loy their own children, not only without remonstrance, but without emotion. " Our own country supplies a forcible illustration of the extent to which the influence of a legal sanction to a moral crime may debase and deaden the public conscience. Slavery as a creature of the law was bulwarked by the law. It rose to the dignity of an institution. Not only those who were educated under it resjiected it, but the men of the north did it reverence because of its conformity to law and its protection by constitutional guarantees. When Henry Clay, in the senate of the United States, attempted to sneer the abolitionist out of the arena of debate as visionary fanatics, and impatiently exclaimed, " What the law declares to be property is property 1 " it did not shock the conscience of the average American, although to f.o^d* Brougham and his ■MM i^lHi PROHIBITION LEADERS 167 countrymen " the doLlrinc of properly in man was a wild and guilty phantasy." It may well be hard for the young men of to-day (and it will he still harder for the younj; men of to-morrow) to realize that not a generation ago a system which allowed one man to live u|)on the compulsory and unpaid toil of another, and then tu eke out a su|)port for his vices hy selling the children of the man whose life was spent in such toil, or even his own by a slave-mother, was held to be anything but infamous. And yet the law which allowed it so debased public ()[)inion that the brave men who attacked it bore the stigma of infamy rather than those who merited it. Strange as it may seem, the law was able to make slavery respectable. Judge Sprague well adds to what I have i|uoted above a most suggestive thought : " Kxtraorclinary efforts or ihe impulse of a particular occasion tn.iy, for a lime, carry up public sentiment to an elevation above that of legal institutions ; but the laws must either lie changed to come up to public sentiment, or public sentiment will be brought down to a level with the laws." 'The truth of the last remark was painfully ap|)arent to the earnest men who had awakened the public conscience and touched the public heart at the time of the great tem perance reformation in this country. Said l)r. Humphrey, ^1' Amherst ('ollege, in 1833 : " It Is plain to me as the sun in a clear summer sky that the license laws of our country constitute one of the main pillars on which •he stupendous fabric of intemperance now rests." In the same year the honored Frelinghuysen. of New Jersey, expressed himself thus : " If men will engage in this destructive traffic, if they will stoop to degrade their reason and reap the wages of initpiity, let them no longer have the law book as a pillow, nor i|uiet conscience by the opiate of a court license." Dr. Justin I>Ldwards, in his "Sixtii Report of the American lemperauce Society," used this language : " The point to be decided by legislatures of these United Slates — lo l)e decided for all coming posterity, for the world, and for eternity — is, shall the s.ile of anient spirit as a drink be treated in legislation as a virtue or a vice? .Shall it be licensed, sanctioned by law, and perpetuated to roll its all-pervading curses onward, interminably, or (hall it lie treated as it is, in truth, a sin?" Let us look a little closer at the educational work of different laws in relation to the litiuor-tratfic. License laws carry to the popular mind the implication that although the traffic in into.xicaiits is an excci)tional one, retiuiring some unusual .safeguards, yet that there is a legitiiuate jniblic demand for such liijuors as an ordinary beverage, which the state is bound to allow adetiuate means to supply. 'I'he correlative of regulation by the state is moderate drinking (or what he imagines to be such) by the individual. On the other hand, prohibitory laws as plainly declare that the sale of intoxicating liijuors as a beverage supplies no legitimate want, and is frought with such dire evils to the state as to justity and require its suppression. What is so dangerous to the state can hardly be deemed safi to the citizen, and the natural* setpience of Prohibition is total abstinent-e. Suppose, instead of license or strict prohibition, the state adopts some "half-way measure." If, for instance, under a system of " local option," what is criminal in the country becomes innocent in the city, does it not tend to the confusion of moral distinctions ? Will it not inevitably lead the thoughtless to practically feel, if not to theoretically b'.'lieve, that in other things, as well as in drinking, a different standard of conduct is permissible in the one place from that in the other? Or suppose the law undertakes to dis- criminate between the differeni kind of alcoholic beverages, allowing, for instance, the .sale of malt li(|uors and prohibit- ing that of distilled spirits, is there not, plainly, beyond the enticement offered to the use of beers by their free public exposure and sale, a most impressive and, at the same time, as we believe, a most dangerous advertisement of them by the state itself as harmless beverages ? The force ol*[hese considerations as to the weight which law has in the popular mind, in matters of opinion and conduct, will be more and more apparent to the reader upon reflection. It may be that the influence of law in the formation of opinion and the regulation of huiuan conduct in matters beyond its doiuain of positive rule, is excessive. It is true that a right and wise-minded man will find a more unerring external and internal standard for the regulation of his moral belief and conduct than that of statute law ; but it is a profound remark of Oeorge Eliot that "to judge wisely I suppose we must know how things appear to the unwise ; that kind of a|)penrance luaking the larger part of the world's history." Soon after the enactment of the present license law in Massachusetts I was holding a term of court, when a deputy sheriff said to me one iriorning : " I have just seen a sad sight - a fellow persuading a reluctant comrade to enter a grog-shop. 'Come along,' said he, 'this is now as re-i|)ectable a place as any ; the commonwealth of Massa- chusetts says so.' " Hut this immediate application of the statute law to override moral tastes and convictions is the coarser and less dangerous kind of the educational influence which bad laws exert. The greater danger is in the slower and insidious influence which such laws exert in familiarizing us with [jublic vice ; in accustoming us to its public tolerance ; * Observe, I say the natural, not Ihe inevitable ; for on this point I (piile agree with I'rof. V. W Newman, who recently wrote thus lo the Alliaiue Nnvs, of England : " I think it is full twenty years since I heard Lord Harrington (the first nobleman who joined us) say, ' I like a glass of wine, and think it does me good, and as long as I think so and can gel it legally I mean to drink it. But I see that there are li-ns of thousands whom our drink Irattic, as now conducted, frightfully ruins ; and sooner than let this go on I will, when that p.oves necessary, give up my glass of wine.' To me Ihe man who so speaks .seems not only lo he consistent and sincere, but to have a merit which none can claim who hold that alcoholic drink is in itself bad for >ill men. The latter class (to whom I belong) make no sacrifice in renouncing drink, and do not renounce it for Ihe sake of others, but for their own sake." ■■. i. j tfi I 68 HROHlHiriON LKADKRS ii'-1 in repressing the moral force of moral indignation,* and in inducing a faithless acquiescence in tin; inevitableness of moral evil. And, on the other hanu, it is in accordance with both phil()so[)liy ami exi)erience, that the effect of iirohihitory laws should be surely, if slowly, to discourage the formation of drinking habits. It is a mistake to suppose that men often rush into evil courses in a spirit of moral defiance ; when the slate writes " criminal " over the iloorway of the most elegant drinking-saloon as well as the lowest grog- shop ; when it places at the bar of justice the tempter by the side of his victim, and when it stamps every package of liquor as a dangerous beverage, meriting destruction as a public nuisance, it has done much to warn the young and unwary, and to turn their feet aside from the downward path. * Hven so slern a moralist as Albert liarnes recognizes this. Me says: "An evil alwaya Incomes worse by lieing sustainetl by the laws of the l.ind. . . . This fact does much to deter others from opposing the evil, and from endeavoring to turn the public indignation against it. It is an unwelcome thing for a good man ever lo set hinuelf against the laws of the land, and to ilenounce that as wrong which ihey aUirm to he right." (.Sermon on "The Throne of Iniquity," p. 4.) As a matter of fact, the influence of such laws has been recogni/ied, and recognized most clearly where the law has been most continuously enforced. Hon. William 1*. I'rye, M. ('., formerly attorney-general of Maine, says of the law in that state : " It has gradually created a public sentiment against both selling and drinking, lo that the large m.ijority of moderate respectable drinkers have become abstainers. ' So Ciovernor Dingley, in his testimony before the com- missioners of the (Canadian parliainent, declared that "the iiiiluence of the law as a temjierance educator, even wiien only partially enforcetl, was marked." The Hon. Wooilbury Davis, ex-judge of the supreme court of Maine, testified in this emphatic tnanner before the legislative committee of Massachusetts in 1867: " My opinion has been >om the first, and has been continually strengthened by my observatio.^ and personal connection with the enforcement ,)l the law, that one ol the most valuable results of it is, it has an fiTect on the public sentiment in making it disreputable to drink, and ir. restraining men from a practice in which Ihey could not indulge, except by doing it secretly, which ihcy do not like lo do ; and therefore, aside from its direct intluence, perhaps its most valuable work was on the point you suggested, making the use of li<|uor disreputable, and thereby restraining the young from the babil.' (House Doc. No. 415, p. 7J4.) i: i: THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC. By W. H. Withrow, M. A. "The men who Irnllic in ardcnl spirit, anil sell Id all who will buy, are poisoners (jcneral ; Ihey murder his Majesly's sulijects by wholesale : neither do their eyes pily or spare."— yoAu WtiUji. " Kounil almnl the caldron go : In the poisoned entrails throw. For a charm of powerful trouble. Like a hellbrolh boil and bubble — Dc'.ible, double, toil and trouble ; Kire, burn : anti caldron, bubble." NOTHINd s(.i orfcitiially ((Hmletworks ( lod's purposes of grace, haiis tliu souls that He would i)lcss, antl destroys the hodies of mankind, as tlu' ^iant evil intem- perance. It is the ally of the devil, the enemy of all righteousness, the incentive to every lust and sin, to evcrv crime and violence, to every cruelty and wronj;. lake the dread apocalyptic vials of wrath poureil out upon the earth, this fiery curse has spread with the virulence of no other plague that ever blasted the world, and has hurnt over the earth with its scoriae rivers of tire. No land has heeii unscathed, from fro/en sea to tropic strand ; from insular Uritain to its far antipodes. I'.ntire races have melted away at the breath of this |)estilence like snow before the summer's sun. Hut the most dreadful darkness of this shadow of death, its deepest and most dire eclijjse of woe, has been in so-called christian lands. There the air has been KuU of farewells for the dying And weeping for the dcail, for, as in the last great and terrible plague of ICgypt, in almost every house has lain some slain victim of the traftk " N'et still the work of death goes on : still this wine-press of wrath is trodden out by "ihristian ' feet ; still the .Moloch fires of the di. tilleries redden the midnight heavens. "Their worm dieth not on the holy Sabbath ; on that hal- lowed day, when all other things with any (|iiality of goodness or salvation in them rest the still-worm, twin reptile of the worm thnt never dies, works on with all the infernal energy of its kind. It works on while the pe()|)le who live by its profits are singing jisalms in the house of (lOd ! 'Chat still worm works on like sin and for the wages of sin. It works when all honest things are still and nighl hangs heavy on the world. It works on to feed the apjje- tites it has kindled to life aj)i)etites which ever become more imperious, crying out like the grave, '(live! give!''* I'herefore (lod, who is forever and implacably opposed to sin, and w.ages eternal war against it, especially menaces with the most terrible maledictions of His wrath this direst of all sins. The seven-fold curse of His eternal indignation is announced against the agents, aiders, or abettors of this red traffic in blood in the bodies and the souls of men. " U'oe unto him that giveth his neighbor drink " sounds the jirophetic thunder of His Holy Word. This i)ernicious traffii', more than anything else, retards the progress of the gospel, and erects a kingdom of dark- ness in the midst of Christendom, consigning millions of baptized men to a life of sin and misery, and ignorance far worse than any in the realms of darkest paganism. It excludes men from the kingdom of heaven and makes them the heirs of wrath and death eternal. It everywhere creates anil fosters irime and pau[K'rism, irreligion and \ice ; causes physical and menial disease ; shortens life and often sends the soul into the presence of its Maker by an act of self-slaughter, or crimsoned with the guilt of murder. It is the cause of much of the Sabbath deseiration, profanity and abounding wickedness that are the reproach of christian civili/ation. Hy its malign influence, many who might be useful members of society and ornaments of the community become its moral lepers and l.i/ars, dis.seminating pollution and misery all around them. It makes of the streets of a ( hristian metropolis, reeking with their " immortal sewerage"t of sinful souls, with their vile orgies, their haunts of vice aiul traps for virtue, a very pandemonium of (irofligacy and crime. The waste of food, and its conversion into litpiid poison caused by the litjuor traffic, we contend is contrary to the will of Cod, and is, therefore, sinful and immoral. It needs no labored argument to demonstrate this truth. It surely is sell-evident to every candid mind, (lod created every herb and every tree, in all their vast variety and mani- 'Thos Uegg's " WorM's Temperance Convention." — Introduc- tion, p. X. + The expression is ihe Rev. Sidney flodolphin Osborne's.. ■ Jtk 170 PROHIIU riON LKADHRS f ' «l IM,] IP'^'i' fold excellence, to be food for man to minister to the necessities and tlie enjoyment of the creatures Me hath made. The great staples of human existence the cereal grains, and fruits and vegetables of the earth contain all the elements which are necessary for the up-building of the body and for its maintenance in a condition of health and vigor. Net there is hardly a single production of the soil which is fit for food that man has not pervertetl from its proper use to the manufacture of poisonous and intoxicating li(|uors, which are injurious in the highest degree to both body and soul. In this process all the food-making elements are destroyed. 'I'iie process of fermentation is literally one of putrefaction, by which the wholesome grain or luscious grape is changed from healthful food to death-dealing poison. Hence the hackneyed assertion that wine is a good creature of (Jod, and, therefore, to be received with thanksgiving, is as false as it is common. The corn in its golden gleaming and the grape in its purple bloom are indeed His good creatures which make glad the heart of man ; but the alcoholic principle, which perverted ingenuity has tortured from them in the process of their putrefaction, and which is not found in the universe, except as the offspring of corruption and decay, is in no sense a good creature of (lod, any more than tiie fetid gases by which its evolution is accompanied, or than the opium, strychnine, , russic acid, or arsenic, which man i.s able, chemically, to isolate from the vegetable or mineral suljstances with which they are held in innocent combination. The immense waste of food that is cau.sed by the nianufactur>. of alcoholic beverages is perfectly appalling. According to a statement of the United Kingdom .Alliance, in a single year there were destroyed in the maniil.icture of beer and s[)irits in the United Kingdom 52,659,000 bushels of grain. This would, as food, supply nearly six millions of peoi)le with bread. " In consequence of this great destruction of grain," says the report, " we have to buy every year from other countries from twenty to thirty millions of poui. " ■' worth of food, which drains this country of capital that niigi;' 'e spent on our own manufactures, and thereby greatly im|,'Ove our trade and commerce." It has been computed that there an; in Kngland i,o<)3,74i acres of land devoted to the growth of barley for malting, besides 56,000 acres of the best land devoted to the growth of hops, a weed which contains not the least nourishment, and which, when used habitually, is positively injurious. Thus there are, not including 350,000 acres more, devoted to raising the materials for cider and perry, 1,149,741 acres of land, which, notwithstanding the increas- ing pressure of the population on the means of subsistence, are perverted from the production of food to th-; production of pernicious and poisonous beverages, which are sapping the strength and destroying the industrial habits and moral principles of the people. This land would produce, on a low average, 3J^ quarters of wheat per acre, or 4,024,093 >{. quarters of wheat altogether, from the land now growing malt and hops. Now, a quarter of wheat yields al)out 350 jiounds of Hour ; therefore, this land would yieUl no less than 1,40s, 432, 725 |)ounds of (lour. Klour increa.ses about one-third in being made bread, so this quantity would produce 1,877,910,300 pmiiuls of bread, or sufficient to maintain 5,144,937 persons or nearly the entire population of the kingdom of Ire- land, or over one-sixth of that of the whole of dreat Britain for a full year. Hetter far that this immense amount of food should l)e gathered into heaps and burned rather than that it should be converted into that noxious draught that ruins the health, degrades the character and im|)overishes the nation. .At !,'_. pence per pound this quantity of bread, thus worse than wasted, would amount to ^11,736,937 7s. 6d., a sum sutlRcient to |)ay the entire poor rate for nearly two years. On careful computation of the comparative expenditure on li(iuor and on bread, it is estimated that fully as much is thrown away on those injurious beverages as is expended in the purchase of the staff of life by the entire population. Nearly a hundred years ago, John Wesley, in a panqjhlet on "The Present Scarcity of Provisions," inquires "Why is food so dear ? " and asserts the grand cause to ha\e been the immense consunq)tion of grain in distilling. " Have we not reason to believe," he says, "that little less than halt the corn (iroduced in the kingdom is every year consumed, not by so harmless a way as throwing it into the sea, but by converting it into deadly poison ; poison that not only destroys the life, but the morals of our countrymen ? Tell it not in ("onstantinople," he exclaims in patriotic shame, "that the I'Jiglish raise the royal revenue by selling the lli'sh and blood of their countrymen ! " The immense disproportion between the consumption of wholesome food and baneful liquor is shown by the follow ing statistics of the London provision supply : To 3,000 grocers, 2,500 bakers, 1,700 butchers, and 3,500 other provision dealers, making an aggregate of 10,700 engaged in the supply of food, there were no less than 11,000 public-houses dealing out disease and death, both bodily and spiritual, to the people. 'n Scotland the statistics for Ibrty towns a good _>le of the whole country - show a still more deplorable state of things. While it re(|uires 981 of the population to support a baker, 1,067 to keej) a butcher, and 2,281 to sustain i book-seller, every 149 support a dram-sho|). This reminds one of l''alstafT"'s " ha'penny worth of bread and intolerable deal of sack," and is a sad comment on the social condition of one of the most christian and enlightened countries on the face of the earth. I'A'en in the Dominion of Canada, with its population of only 4,000,000, there were destroyed in a single year over 2,000,000 bushels of grain in the manufacture of li(|uor, besides 380,787 pounds of sugar and syrup. I'rom this was manufactured 11,513,732 gallons of intoxicating licpior, or nearly four gallons each for every man, woman and child in the Dominion. This fact is indeed an augury of ill omen ;?'/■ . ,f^. I'kOHIHITION I.liADERS '7' for its future [irospcrity. A worm the worm of the still is already H'l^'wing at its heart and destroying its very vitals. In the United States, in a single year, there were con sumed 540,000,000 gallons of intoxicating li(|uor, or the enormous quantity of thirteen and a h.ilf gallons to every living soul in the nation, or two and a half gallons of proof spirit. In the msiiifacture of this deluge of strong drink there were destroyed 62,000,000 bushels of gram and fruit, or nearly two bushels to each individual in the land. Had we the complete statistics of the destruction of food in the manufacture of intoxicating drinks throughout Christendom, we would be overwhelmed with astonishment and dismay. Thus does this hiileous traffic take the food from the mouths of millions, and by an infernal alchemy transmute it into a loathsome draught, which maddens and destroys mankind. This is no mere rhetorical figure, but a sober, literal fact. During the horrors of the famine year of 1847-8 in Ireland that dread carnival of death, when hunger-bitten men and women were literally dying of starvation in the streets — the grain which (lod gave to supply the wants of His children was borne by wagon loads into the vast distilleries and breweries of lielfast (we have the testimony of an eye-witness to the fact), and there, for all the purposes of food, destroyed ; nay, as if to aid the task of famine and of fever in their work of death, it was changed into a deadly curse, which sue|)t away more human lives than both those fatal agencies together. I )r. Ixies thus elociuently describes the horrors of that famine-year : " Mobs of hungry, and often dissipated poor, paradeil the streets, headed by druriken and infuriated women crying for bread. Was thereat that period a natural and inevitable famine ? No such thing ! It was distinctly jjroved that we had an ample supply of food for all the natural wants of the people ; and that the impending horrors of starvation might be averted by stopping the breweries and distilleries in their work of ilestruction. Wasted and wailing children wandered through the streets ; yet appetite went on to the next tavern and drank the bread of those innocents dissolved in gin. I'amished mothers walked the village lanes, where briery scents and blossoms mocked their hunger. Respectability cast the hungered one a copper and passed on to drink its beer. The publican, while the voiceof hunger and suffering ascended to the skies, still went on dispensing the pernicious |)roduct ; above all, sanctioning all, waved the banner of the mistaken law : ' Licensed to destroy food and create famine.' That period of indifference is a blot u|)on our history an indelible stain upon our [)atriotism and humanity. Tne work of waste and wickedness went on. Half a million of souls were sacrificed to the traffic.''* It needs no lengthened argument to demonstrate that such unhallowed destruction of the staff of life of (lod's great family of the poor awakens His most intense displeasure. * "Argument for Prohibition,' pp, IJ7-8, in ^ '^ - -^ .lf*T7 The whole spirit of the beneficent legislation of the Hebrew commonwealth, the denunciation of the oppressors of the poor, anil the express declaration of Holy Writ, " He that withholdeth the corn, the people shall curse him," all attest the loving care for the creatures of His hand of the great All-I-'ather who giveth us all things richly to enjoy. Kven where starvation does not ensue from this wickeil destruction of grain, the increased difficulty of obtaining a sufficient amount of food for the sustenance of life always dilficult enough, (lod knows, to thousands makes their lives bitter unto them, abridges their comforts, impairs their health, shortens their existence, and makes it, instead of a period of enjoyment, one long and hopeless conflict with hunger, want anc', woe, the only refuge from which is the refuge of the grave. Such ini(iuitous waste and abuse of Ciod's bounties is contrary to the entire spirit and letter, scope, tenor, and design of His gospel of good-will to men. S"" abhorent in His sight is all waste of human food, that .liter a stupendous miracle of its creation, He gave the com- mand, "( lather up the fragments that nothing be lest." What words, therefore, shall fittingly describe their guilt, who diligently gather immense stores of necessary food, for lack of which vast multitudes must suffer for the very purpose of its wholesale destruction and perversion to the vilest ends ! I'Aen the Times newspajiers, speaking of the waste of food, says : " It is far too favorable a view to treat the money sjient on it as if it were cast into the sea. It would have been better if the corn had mildewed in the ear. No way so rapid to increase the wealth of nations and the morality of society, as the utter annihilation of the manufac- ture of ardent spirits, constituting as they do an infinite waste and an unmixed evil." No man has a right to burn his corn stacks and then ap[)eal to his neighbor for bread. \'et, practically, the manufacture of li(]uor produces precisely similar results. Never was there a more gigantic illustration of the adage, that " Wilful waste makes woeful want," than the results of the lic]uor traffic, for nowhere do poverty and misery so abound as where spirituous licjuors are most largely manu- factured. Much of the agricultural distress of Britain and other countries is directly caused in this way. In the Island of Mull, in Scotland, some years since, ;^3,ooo were contributed to keep the people from starvation, yet more than twice that amount was spent on whisky. During the Lancashire cotton famine, when money llowed* in from all Knglish-speaking lands to relieve the starving operatives, the breweries were in full blast destroying the food of the people, and more money was spent in liquor in the famine district than would have maintained the entire pojjulation in comfort during the entire period of depression in trade. If any government, at a time when the wail of famine rose upon the air, and gaunt eyed hunger clamoured for bread, were to authorize the gathering of immense heaps of grains and its consumption to ashes, it would be hurled by an indignant puople with execration from its place ; yet it may permit the change of the same food to a death-dealing <7-' I'KOHIIUIION I,r. ^ DKKS ^:- poison a criiiK- a ihousaiid I'olil worse iiol only with impunity, liiit with applause. 'riif talilf of imports into Ireland during a period of scarcity, when the distilleries were closed, show that there was a greatly increastd consuni|)tion of excisable articles ; so We sec that a year of famine, with prohihition, is better than a year of plenty without it. Moreover, nothing so prevents the progress of religion in the world, and frustrates (lod's gracious purjioses for the salvation of the race, as the tralVic in strong drink, and its inevitable conse(|uence, intemperance. I'or this reason also that traffic is especially obno.xious in His sight. It leads men to waste upon their lusts the material wealth, of which they are but His stewards, instead of promoting therewith the great policy for which the Son of (lod became incarnate. It is as.serted by Dr. John Campbell that Protestant and pious Hritain annually speiuls thirty times as much for stror^g drink as she spends for the worlil's .salvation. During the last year the expenditure of the Mritish and Foreign Bible Society was ^217,390 19s. lod., and the number of copies of the Scriptures circulated was 2,6n),427. I'.ven at this gigantic scale of operations it would take over three hundred years to supply every poor heathen in the world with a copy of the Word of (Jod. In the .same year there was spent in (Ireat Mrilain alone ^"100,000,000 on intoxicating drinks. This money, thus worse than wasted, wouUl give a copy of ( iod's Word, in his own mother tongue, to every son and daughter of .\dam on the face of the earth in less than one year ! I'Aen in the mission field itself the evil effects of the Irafhc and its dread concomitants make themselves felt ; marring the eflorts and frustrating the toils of the agents of the churches. In conse(juence of the prevalence of ilrinking habits among liuropean residents in India, we are told on the authority of a returned missionary lliat the word drunkard and christian have become synonymous terms among the native castes. When the fwgan Hindoo wishes to represent the christian Englishman, he begins to stagger in his gait to counterfeit inebriation. " The very ships," says Mr. Thos. Begg, * " that bore the missionaries and messengers of salvation to heathen lands were often freighted with intoxicating lii|uors, which, like some of the plagues, unvialled in the apocalypse, were let loose to drown in their burning deluge every grain ol Christianity before it could genninate in the heart of the half-enlight'.'ned heathen. They tired his nature with lusts foreign to the brute, and which never raged in his appetites, nor infuriated his passions before his contact with the vices of civilization. The spirit of intem|)crance, malignant ghost of the bottomless pit, slew its tens of thousands ; and one sweeping fiery curse followed in the wake of christian commerce." The liijuor traffic, too, was the chief support of the slaw trade, the foulest crime in the history of Creat Britain, that • " Report of World's Temperance Convention." -Introok I there is not a soul down that yard hut is either beggar, drunkard, thief, or worse. Write anent that ! Say how ye saw the mouth of hell, and the two pillars thereof at thi' entry the pawnbroker's shop o' one side and the gin palace at the other twa monstrous deevils, e.tting up men and women and bairns, body and soul. Look at the jaws o' the MKjnsttTs, hnw they open, anil open and swallow in anither victim and anither. Write anent that ! ... Are not the) a mair damnable, man-devouring idol than any red-hot statue of Moloch, or wicker Magog wherein the auld Kritons burnt their prisoners ?" * L'pon (lod's holy day, with the sacred sound of the Sabbath hells calling to the place of prayer, the vile orgies of drunkenness are celebrated, like a carnival of fiends: and liritish bacchanals and UKenads wanton in revels, more like tho.se of ( lomorrah than scenes in a christian land. With heaven tiefying im[)ietv. multitudes trample ( lod's com nian \ ■ (I IfT : : " No drunkard attends thu ordinances of religion." " Sahl)ath-l)reaie, ( ) man of hlood, though thou art ilotlu'd in scarlet, and line linen, and farest sunipliiously every day, canst thou Uu]k to deliver down the field ol hlood to the third generation? Not so ; there is a (iod in heaven ; theref<»rc thy name shall he rooted out. Like as those wliom thou hast destroyed, lioth body and soul, thy memorial shall |)erish with thee." It is no defence to (|Uote the authority of the law. the license of the government. .\o man, nor hody of men, ha\e any moral right to issue or to receive such a license as lh;.t. " Licensed," to scatter lirehrands, arrows, and ileath ; "Licensed," to set mens souls on fire with tire of hell. " I.icenteil lu mike the >lrong man weak, I.iccnwil l>) lay the liiave man low : l.icenieil, the wife » lunil heart tii liieak Ami make the urphan't lear» lo IIdw. " Licenicil li>