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 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA 
 
 RoBWT Bill, lf.D., D.Sa, LL.D., F.R8.. Aotwo Dibmttoil 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 ortrot 
 
 MARINE INVERTEBRATA 
 
 or 
 
 EASTERN CANADA. 
 
 n 
 J. F. WHUEAVES. LL.D.. F.G.S.. F.R.S.C. 
 
 yALAOarOUMIM, IOOUMIM, MD AMItMlIT OIUUIOI. 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 PRINTXD BT B. E. DAWSON, PRINTSR TO THE KINO'S MOST 
 
 EXCELLENT MAJESTY 
 
 1901 
 
 Nw, TS*. 
 
 nomcn oruBRKKt 
 
 OOUNHOAL mnVIY or GAKADA 
 
 a»Bo«»int,a«AOtt«w. 
 UKTfo vtMMmm 
 
 TUOM. " 
 
; 
 
 .j^ 
 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA 
 
 RoB««T Bill. M D . D.8c, LL.D . F n S.. Aons... Dinwrroii. 
 
 Co 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 OFTHK 
 
 MARINE INVERTEBRATA 
 
 09 
 
 EASTERN CANADA. 
 
 n 
 
 J. F. WHITEAVES. LLD. ,F.G.S.. F.R.S.C. 
 
 PAUBONTOLOOIST, ZOOWOm, AMD AMWTAST WRKJIOB. 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON. PRINTER TO THEIKING-S MOST 
 
 EXCELLENT MAJESTY 
 
 1901 
 
 R«. TT*. 
 
J 
 
In vlw of Um MteblkhnMnt of • Marina Biologic*! Sution in the MHritime 
 Pre >rinoM within th« Iwt three jtmrn, it v '-onght d««irabl(^ to publieh 
 » ' Catalogue of the Marina Invertabmu of feiaeton. Canada.' The obJe«. 
 of thia CaUlogue is to give a raooinot idea of the praaant aUte of our 
 knowledge of thaaa inrertabrata, ao far aa the identidoatioa of apeoiea, their 
 geographioal dUtribation, and bathymetrioal^anga in the northern portion 
 of the waatem aide of the Atlantic are conoomed. 
 
 It ia hoped that thia publioation will aot aa a atimalua to r- iewed aotiWtx 
 in thv atudy of marine aoologjr, and that it will be of oae not only to aooiogiata, 
 but alao to itndenta of the foaaila of the poat-tertiaiy depoaiU of the eaatem 
 portion of the Dominion. 
 
 ROBERT BjSLL. 
 
 Omlooioal Scrvit Oirioi 
 0tta>-4, June 26 1901. 
 
t. :-.iX)GICAL SURVEY OF CANy A. 
 
 CATALOrUE Oi^ THE MARINE INVEHTEBRATA 
 
 EASTKRJ^ CANADA 
 
 J. F. WHITEAVES. 
 
 ThU Culogue nMjr b« r«K>trdMi m m report on the prwwit .tate of our 
 knowledKe of the M»rin« Invtrtebr.u of tha B«7 of Fundy, AtUu»i« coMt 
 of Nov* 8ooti», Md (iulf and moath of th« River 8t. Uwr.nw, m U, to 
 th« northward m the Strait of B«,l« M.. Incidentally and p.r»nth.lically, 
 however, it «Im include, (he uune. of • few .pecie. that have been foaod 
 on the coMt of Ubrador or in Hudson dtrait or Bay, but not yet aa far 
 •outh a« the Uulf of 8t. I^wrence. It con«i«tt of a ly.tematic liit of all the 
 specie* from the eastern t'*n»<liaii waboard that have m far been identified 
 or Ueteribed. with notes on their geographical diitribiUion and bathyinet- 
 rical range. The local aiea at which some of the spociea are found fouil in 
 the Pleittooene depoeitii of eaitern Canada, are also biietly indicated. 
 
 At regard! nomencUture, it may be etated that n ni'vny caie. ouly one 
 name la given to each .peoiee ; that in other* a few of thoae synonynu that 
 are thought to be moat likely to be awful to Canadian itudentt an added ; but 
 that m no oaM has any oompleteor exhaustive li.tof synonyms been attempted 
 Many of the dates appended to these name» or synonyms, too, are quoted 
 at second hand, as the writer has not access to the original descriptions. 
 
 The following is a brief description of the principal zoological explorations, 
 by dredging or otherwise, or collections, in the region in question, upon 
 which thu catalogue is baaed. 
 
 Daicton, Sir J. IT. 
 Id-lii to 1883. -Collected specimens of marine Invertebrata on the coast of 
 Nova 8ootu. Unfortunately, no description of any of these co'' tions 
 ha. been published, beyond a few isolated references to som. c the 
 species in his " Handbook of Zoology," published in 1870. 
 
2 
 
 1858. — Dredged for a few day* in Oaep^ Bay, in August. Many of the 
 ■peoies oollMted at tbU locality are enumerated or deecribed in three 
 papers contributed to the " Canadian Naturalist and Geologist " for 
 18S8 and 1860, (vols. in. and v.). The 6r8t of these is entitled "A 
 Week in Oasp^;" the second "On Sea Anemones and Hydroid 
 Polyps from the Uulf of 8t. Lawrence ; " and the third, " On the Tubi- 
 colous Marine Worms of the Oulf of St. Lawrence." 
 
 1869 to 1876. — Dredged in the Oulf and mouth of the River St Lawrence, 
 from Gasp« to Kamouraska and Murray Bay, including variouR places 
 on the north and south shores of the river. 
 
 1871. — The Report on the Geological Structure and Mineral Resources of 
 Prince Edward Tsland, by Sir J. W. Dawson and Dr. B. J. Harring- 
 ton, contains a lii.t of the marine shells uf that island, collected by Mr. 
 W. B. Dawson. 
 
 1876-1882 Made his headquarters at Little M^tis, and dredged above 
 
 and below that place nearly every summer until 1882, and made some 
 collections in later years. His chief object was to ascertain how many 
 of the species found in the pleistocene clays and sands still live in the 
 St. Lawrence estuary, and what variety of changes, if any, they have 
 experienced in the intervening time. 
 
 No separate lists of the species dredged during these yearg have 
 been published, and much of the material collected has yet to be 
 studied. Still, in his papers on Canadian pleistocene fossils, and 
 especially in his latest list of those fossils, in the " Canadian Ice Age," 
 published in 1893, there are many references to recent species. 
 
 Waiia, J. B. 
 1850 to 1863 or a little later.— Collected mollusna, dec, on the Atlantic 
 coast of Nova Scotia (especially from the fishing banks off Halifax, and 
 at Sable Island) and published a list of them, in 1862, in the eighth 
 volume of Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. His 
 latest and most important list of Nova Scotia shells, privately printed 
 in November, 1863, is reprinted in vol. vii., pt. 4 (1890) of the Trans- 
 actions of the Nova Scotia Intititute of Natural Science. 
 
 Slimp$on, Dr. W. 
 1862. — Dredged and otherwise collected for three months at Grand Manan 
 Island and its vicinity, in the Bay of Fundy. His " Synopsis of the 
 Marine Invertebrata of Grand Manau," published in 1853, which is 
 based on these collections, is by far the most important and compre- 
 hensive contribution to the literature of the marine zoology of eastern 
 Canada that had appeared up to that date, and it is still indispensable 
 to the student of this subject. 
 
The nomenclature of the Amphipoda in this " Synopais " haa been 
 revised by the Rev. Thomas R. R. Stebbing, in vol. xxix., pt. 1, of the 
 Zoological Reports of the Challenger Expedition. 
 
 Bell, Dr. Jiobtrt. 
 1858.— Collected on the south-oast shore of the River and Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, from Rimouski to Uaspe Bay, and dredged off Marsouin. 
 Published a list of most of the species obtained, in 1859, in the Report 
 of Progress of the Geological Survey of Canada for 1858, and in the 
 fourth volume of the "Canadian Naturalist and Geologist." The 
 tubicolous annelids and the polyzoa in this lint wore determined by Sir 
 J. W. Dawson. 
 
 1884.— Dredged at Port Burwell, on the east coast of Ungava Bay, in the 
 District of Ungiiva; and at Ashe Inlet, Big Island, north coast of 
 Hudson Strait, in the District of Fr.tnklin. A list, by Professor S. I. 
 Smith, of the CrusUcw* obtained in these dredgings, and one by the 
 present writer, of the Mollusca, &o., form Appendix iv. to Dr. Bell's 
 report in the Report of Progress of this Survey for 1882-83-84. 
 
 Packard, Dr. A. H. 
 I860.— Dredged near Caribou Island in July and August of this year, and 
 published a list of the species obtained, in the Canadian Naturalist and 
 Geologist for December, 1863 (vol. viii., p. 401). Caribou Island is in 
 the province of Quebec, on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 
 off Salmon Bay, a little to the east of Esquimaux Bay and just inside 
 of the Strait of Belle Isle. 
 
 1864.— Dredged and otherwise collected from Little Mecattinu Island, in 
 the Gulf of St. I^wrence, to Hopedale, on the Atlantic coast of Labra- 
 dor. His " View of the Invertebrate Fauna of Ijibrador ", published in 
 1867, in the first volume of the Memoirs of the Boston Society of 
 Natural History, includes specimens that were dredged in 1860 as well 
 as in 1864. The nomen jlature of the Crustacea in this paper was 
 revised by Professor S. T. Smith in 1883, in the sixth volume of the 
 Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 
 
 Verrill, Professor A. E. 
 1861. — In this year collections were made and some dredging was done off 
 Anticosti and the Mingan Islands l)y Professors Verrill, Hyatt and 
 Shaler on behalf of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, 
 Massachusetts. A list of the species in these collections was contri- 
 buted by Professor Verrill to Dr. Packard's piper on the Carilwu 
 Island dredging!! of 1 860. 
 
 A 
 
1868 kiid 1870.— In both of thme yeani Profouor Verrill ooUeoted »t Gr»nd 
 Manan Island, in the Bay of Fundy. In 1868 he was auisted by Pro- 
 fenor 8. I. Smith, H. E. Webtter and Rev. Geo. A. Jackion, and in 
 1870 by Mr. (Jscar Harger and C. H. Dwinelle. 
 
 Profctaor VerriU's later explorations in Canadian waters were 
 carried on under the auspices of the United States Fish Commission, 
 and will be referred to under thai heading. 
 
 Whileavet, J. F. 
 1867 and 1869.— During each of these years the writer dredged at many 
 localities in Oa^p^ Bay and off Cap des Hosiers (Cape Rosier) light- 
 house and village. Lists of the Mollusca, dtc, obUined in thme dredg- 
 ings were published in the fourth and fifth volumes of the new series of 
 the Canadian Xaturalist 
 
 1871, 1873 and 1873. — Facilitiet having been afforded by the Department 
 of Marine and Fisheries of the Dominion Government, for these three 
 years, dredging operations were carried on in each, in the deepest parts 
 of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (from 100 to 313 fathoms) at a long distance 
 from ^hore, at many localities to the north, south-east and 
 south of the Island of Antioosti. Under the same auspices, also, in 
 1871, dredging was done at several places on the north shore of the 
 Gulf, from Point des Mont« to the Mingan Islands ; in 1872, off Perc^ 
 and at the Magdalen Islands ; and, in 1873, off Cap d'Espoir (Cape Des- 
 pair) and Grand Pabou, on the Bradelle and Orphan Banks, at several 
 localities between Prince Edward and Cape Breton islands, and through- 
 out Northumberland Strait, on both sides. 
 
 Preliminary reports on the species obtained in these dredgings were 
 published in the Reports of the Department of Marine and Fisheries 
 for 1871, 1872 and 1873 ; in volumes vi. and tii. of the new series of 
 the Canadian Naturalist ; in the Annals and Magazine of Natural 
 History for November, 1872 (Ser. iv., vol. x.) ; and in the Americao 
 Journal of Science for March, 1874. 
 
 United Sfate* fi$K Commission. 
 1872.— Under the auspices of the U. 8. Fish Commissioner, collections were 
 made in the Bay of Fundy, at Grand Manan Island, and a series of 
 dredgings were made first at Halifax and the Le Have Bank, Nova 
 Scotia, and afterward in the region of St. George's Banks and the 
 adjacent waters, on board the coast survey 88. Bacbe. Professor 
 Verrill had general charge of the dredging operations and the collection 
 of invertebrates, but during the first cruise of the Bache, the dredgings 
 were in charge of Professor 8. I. Smith and Mr. Oscar Harger. 
 
 iSSii 
 
r 
 
 1877. — " During a part of the seMon the work " of the commission " wm 
 transferred to HalifAx, Nova Scotia, where lar^e collections were made 
 and whence the dredging " (by the SS. Speedwell) " was extended to 
 the deep waters one hundred and twenty miles south of that city. On 
 the passage from Salem to Halifax, dredgings were made in the deep 
 water of the Gulf of Maine and off the southern portion of the Nova 
 Scotia coast " (S. J. Smith, 1879). 
 
 1883. — On the last day of August and first five days of September of thia 
 year, the U. S. Fish Commission SS. Albatross dredged off Cape Sable, 
 Nova Scotia, at twenty different stations and at depths of from 49 to 
 1309 fathoms. 
 
 Many of the species obtained in these and other dredgingt or collec- 
 tions hove been described or reported upon by Professor Verrill, Pro- 
 fessor S. I. Smith, or Mr. Oscar Harger, in papers contributed to the 
 Annual Reports of the United States Fish Comoussion, to the Proceed- 
 ings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and 
 of the United States National Museum, to the Transactions of the 
 Connecticut Academy, or to the American Journal of Science. 
 
 //. it. S. Challenger Expedition 
 1873.— Dredged at three stations off the coast of Nova Scotia, but one of 
 these is so far from land as to be outside of the scope of this paper. 
 Descriptions or determinations of the species obtained at these stations 
 are scattered through the zoological reports of the expedition. 
 
 Verkruzen, T. A. 
 1876. — Visited Newfoundland and Nova Scotia in order to collect and study 
 MoUusca at each of these localities, and published four papers on the 
 specimens obtained. The first of these papers, entitled '■ Mollusca 
 dredged and collected by T. A. Verkruzen, in 1876, la the neighbour 
 hood of St. Johns, Newfoundland, including a few species obtained in 
 the Bay of Fundy," is a small pamphlet published at St. Johns, New 
 foundland, in 1877. The second, •' Die Fauna von Neu Schottland 
 (Nova Scotia) "und Neufundland," was published iu the Jahrbuch der 
 Deutschen Malacologischen Gesellschaft for 1878, ond the third, " Die 
 MoUusken Neufundlands und der Neufundland Biinke," in Der Sammler 
 (Berlin) for 1885, and the fourth, " Die Meeres .MoUusken Neufund 
 lauds," in the same journal for 1886. 
 
 Jones, J. Mattheu: 
 1877. — Published a " List of the Mollusca of Nova Scotia," in the Proceed- 
 ings and Transaciions of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Science, 
 vol. IV., part 3. 
 
 t 
 
 ^ 
 
Sttanu, W. A. 
 1882— Daring the month of Augnatin this year an expedition, under the 
 direction of Mr. Steams, dredged inihallow water at different pointi on 
 the Labrador coast, between Forteau Bay, in the Strait of Belle Isle, to 
 Dead Island, near Square Island. The Crustacea obtained on this 
 expedition were reported on by Professor S. I. Smith, and the MoUuscaand 
 Eohinodermata by Miss Katharine J. Bush, Ph. D., in 1883, in two 
 papers published in the sixth volume of Proceedings of the United 
 Sutes National Museum. 
 
 Turner. LiieUn M. 
 1882-86.— Collected marine invertebrata for i,he United States National 
 Museum at Ijibrador and Ungava, from Rigolet to Fort Chimo. A list 
 by Dr. W. H. Dall, of the roollusca obtained by Mr. Turner at these 
 localities, was published in 1886, in the ninth volume of Proceedings 
 of the United States National Museum. 
 
 Gationg, Profeutor W. F. 
 1884-1888.— In 1884-18'?7, both years inclusive, dredged in PaKsama- 
 quoddy Bay, around Fryes Island, in I/Eung and Eastport Harbours ; 
 and in 1888, among the islands at Grand Manan, N.B. Published the 
 following papers on part of the material obtained, in the Bulletins of 
 the Natural History Society of New Brunswick. "The Invertebrata 
 of Passamaquoddy Bay" (Bui. No. iv.); "The Marine Mollusca of 
 New Brunswick "(Bui. No. VI.); " The Eohinodermata of New Bruns- 
 wick" (Bui. No. vn.); "The Economic Mollusca of Acadia "(Bui. 
 No. VIII.) ; and " Zoological "otes " (on mollusca, echinodennata and 
 hydrozoa) in Bui. No. IX. 
 
 WinMey, Rev. Henry W. 
 
 1888. — Examined barrels of oysters from New Brunswick and Prince 
 
 Edward Island, and published a list of the " Mollusca found in the 
 
 oyster beds of Cocagne," N.B. " Bedeque and Summerside," P.E.I., in 
 
 Bulletin No. VII. of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick. 
 
 Low, A. P. 
 1894.— Made a small collection of shore shells on the Atlantic coast of 
 Labrador, between Sandwich Bay and Hamilton Inlet. 
 
 1897.— Dredged on the south side of Hudson Strait, between King George 
 Sound and the bottom of Ungava Bay. 
 
 1898.— Dredged on the east coast of Hudson Bay, near the month of the 
 Povungnituk River. 
 
 Mb 
 
1899.— Dredged on the «Mt coMt of Hadwn Bay, in Richmond OnU, in 15 
 to 35 fathoms, loft mud. 
 
 WaiMham, Commander W. 
 1897.— Daring the Hudson Bmj Exploring Expedition of this year, in the 
 88. DiKna, Dr. Wakeham, the officer in charge, dredged on the west side 
 of Hudson Bay, twenty miles off Churchill (Keewatin) in 20 fathoms. 
 
 It hns long been known tliat there are areas of shallow and comparatively 
 warm water, tenanted by a northern extension of the " Acadian fauna," in 
 the southern portion of the region under connideration. According to 
 Verrill, the Acadian fauna was "namedbyLutken, but (irst distinguished as 
 the NovaScotian by Dana. "It extends from the Syrtensian southwardly 
 to Cape Cod, clove to the shore, but pushes further southward in deeper 
 water, and at a distance from the shore."* In the Maritime Provinces this 
 northern extension of the Acadian fuuna seems to occupy the shallower and 
 more sheltered portions of the Bay of Fundy, such as Passamaquoddy Bay 
 and the Minas Basin ; and of the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, as in 
 Halifax Harbour and the shores of Sable Island. In the Gulf of St. Law< 
 rence it probably embraces or surrounds the Magdalen Islands, and is 
 deUnitely known to occupy the whole of the sea bottom betweeen Cape 
 Breton and Prince Edward islands, and of Northunilierland Strait ; also the 
 shallow water on the north east coast of New Brunswick, to Carraquette 
 Bay, on the southern side of the Baie des Chaleurn. Among the more char- 
 acteristic mollusca of the Acadian fauna in Canada are both varieties of the 
 American oyster (Onlrea I'irginica) and the Quahog or hard-shelled clam 
 ( Veniu nMrcenirta). Besides these, the following species may be noted at 
 also very characteristic of this fauna, though some of them are rare and 
 local in Canadian waters. An asterisk is prefixed to those of which the 
 writer has seen uo authentic Canadian specimens. 
 
 P«cten KibbuB, var. borewlia. 
 "Nucula pruxim*. 
 'Cardiuni (Lievicsniium) Mortoni. 
 
 Attsrte cutanea. 
 M undata. 
 
 Callista con vena. 
 
 Fetricola pholadifomiin. 
 
 Alulinia lateral!'. 
 
 Cumingia tellinoidn 
 *8<)lenomya velum. 
 * M borealia. 
 
 Clidiophura (iouldiana. 
 
 Dentalium entalis. 
 
 Turbunilla interrupta, y»r. fulvocincta. 
 
 Oduitomia trifida. 
 
 Crepidula fornicata. 
 
 M plana. 
 
 Crucibuluin ttriatnm. 
 Bittitim nigrum. 
 Cerithiopnw Cireenii. 
 Uroealpinx cinerea. 
 Astyri> lunata. 
 Nadfta (IlyanaKsa) obsoleta. 
 Xeptunea decemcoatata. 
 Tomatiua canaliculata. 
 
 'Lyonsia hyalina. 
 
 It will be noticed that, with the exception of the Dentalium and possibly 
 of the Tnrhonilhi aud the two Crepidulie, all uf these are purely American 
 * U. 9. Fish Commiseion, Report for lWl-72, publii.hed in 1873, p. 782. 
 
•I»ri-, that .pp«,ntly do mm oocar on th. Eu«,«m ride of tb. Korth 
 
 to E„tl!i V •.'**! '^ "'"tythr^ .p«,i,. of ..Bo,«.l ri.,,,, conioK),^ 
 "BltTof'li SSl^r''-" - P^ »«« --O »»» <- Wood..H-. 
 
 iJ^rT^' '*'* *^ *^' ■^" "'^•' «>«'«'•«*«<'«'. "hethor the water be 
 
 ««t.c but perb.p, ««roelr .rotic or polar laun^ which gr^lually menje. 
 faito a p««yarcUo .«.«blag. near the A«tic Circle. ThU cold J^ 
 l»»M occupiM not only the deeper parU of the Bay of Pundv the colder 
 
 A^ Of -d »o»th of the River St. Lawreooe, b«t mIk., appart-ntTthe 
 ^h.«tic coaat of Ubj^lor. Hud«,n 8t«it, and n.o.t of tb. coLTof Hudl 
 «V. At any «te, the marine invertebrate of the three la,t mentioned 
 -O^ «i^»*T " °7' *? ""•"'"'''y »*»"•' to «h«-of the River and 
 Labrwlorthat have not yet been found in the Gulf of St. Wnce V™ 
 Aem<m ruMla, which, however, occur, in Willi.' Hat of NovaScotian Bh,1l7 
 *nd Cr^«a/a6a, if that .hell be di.tinct from C. /.c^wj: ffi^a ,y '* 
 .mall collections received of late y.ar, from four localitie. in H«l«.n W 
 
 s:^.t::ijL;s '"" *•' ''■ """^"-' •" ^-'"-^^ ^^-^••' -^ 
 
 This cold water a«emblage P.okaH ha. called the "Syrtensian fauna." 
 
 l^oZ InTTTl"'' " °"* '-^ '^^ objection., for more „,IL 
 than one. In the llr.t place, in ea.tern Canada it is the /.cadian that i. 
 the only excl«.ively shallow water fauna, and in the next thrOulfrfs" 
 Lawrence, m a whole, i, rather a deep than a .hallow dep««ion. In it. 
 deepest part, about half way between the ea«em extremity of the Island of 
 Anac^t. and the Bi^ Rocks it is 313 fathoms deep, and a conlMel^' 
 portion of lU area ..deeper th.n 100 f.thou.s. In the writer's judgment. 
 
 of the true Boreal fauna, which seems to "extend across the Atlantic "not 
 «.much from " Nova Scotia and Massachusetts," as stated by S P Wo^ 
 ward (on page 357 of his Manual of the Mollusca\ but from Maine NovL 
 Scotia, the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Atlantic c;ast of ^IrZ Z 
 Iceland, the Fa«roe and Shetland islands, and along the coast of N;rwly 
 from North Cape to the Naze." wway 
 
 Collection. l> de by the Stearns expedition to the Labrador coast, by Dr 
 Bell ana 5Ir^i..r, .how also that .some species that have been dodged in 
 the Gulf of St. Uwrence m comparatively deep water, occur to the S^th 
 ward m much shallower water. Th, ,, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence PecZ 
 

 
 
 Oranlandieui was dredged in «bund*nce, living, by the writer, in 1871, 
 1873 •nd 1873, at depths of from about 100to313 fathoms; but on the east 
 ooMt of Hudson Bay, in Richmond Gulf, large living examples of the r<am« 
 species were recently dredged by Mr. Low in from 19 to 35 fathoms. This, 
 no doubt is an extreme case, and convent^ly it may be mentioned that a 
 brachiopod (Ttrtbralulina ttpttntnonalU) which in not uncommon atEastport 
 (Maine) and Passamaquoddy Bay, N.B., in shallow water, huv so far been 
 dredged in the Uulf of 8t. I^wrence only in verj deep water. 
 
 During the preparation of this catalogue, the writer has been greatly 
 indebted to Professor J. Flayfair McMurrich for notes on some critical 
 species of Zoantharia ; to Professor W. C. M'Intosh for much %-aluable 
 information about the Chn>topoda ; to the Kev. Canon Norman for the 
 identification of several species of Polyzoa ; to Dr. W. H. Dall for an 
 expression of bis views on itome species of MolluRca ; to Professor Verrill 
 and Miss Bush for recent re-determinations of the diflBcult species of the 
 mollttscan genus Bda ; and to the Natural History Society of New Bruns- 
 wick, per Dr. O. F. Matthew, and Pi-ofessor O. T. Kennrdy, for the loan 
 of specimens of Diollu»ca, kc, from the Bay of Kundy. 
 
 t 
 
 PROTOZOA 
 
 KETICULARIA (FORAMINIFERA). 
 
 In all dredgingR upon sandy or muddy bottoms in this region, the shells 
 of foraminifra are very abundant, though the habits of their living occupants 
 have yet (o be studied. Most of these shells occur at all depths, but in the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence Uvigeriiia awjiilom, Cristellaria rotulala, Vagih iHna 
 tpinigera, Biilimina acnleata, Valvulina coniea, Shabdamn,ina ahyuorum, 
 and Bilocnlina Monga have as yet only been found in very deep water. 
 The types of Lituolafindetis (now called Rmpha.r Jindens), of Lituola eamg 
 {now known as I/apfophragmiiim caagit), and of ffippocrtpina indivisa, 
 described by Parker in the Canadian Naturalist and Geologist for June, 
 1870, and in the American Journal of Science and Arts for June, 1873, 
 are all from Gaspe Bay and its immediate vicinity. 
 
 The following is a list of ths species that have so far been recognized as 
 having been collected in the (Julf of St. Lawrence : 
 
 Family A'uminutinid(r. 
 
 Polyatomrlla striatopimctata, F. and M. | I'oljsti.mella arctica, V. and .J. 
 Xdiiioninn scapha, F. and M. 
 
 «h 
 
10 
 Family SoUdidat. 
 
 Fulvinuliiia KMitcni, IUiim. 
 
 TrunestuliM kitetula, W. and J. 
 Paicllin* eorrogatk, WilliuiMua. 
 
 Fainilr OlobigtrtnUa. 
 tiloUK«rina bulloidrn, d'OrU 
 
 Family Laytnidv. 
 
 Uvifcrin* p^gnu**, d'Orh. 
 •ngnliiwt, VVilld. 
 Polymorphina Incte*, W, aiid J. 
 II «)ni|irea*s, d'Orb. 
 
 CrutolUrU rotuUta, Lam. 
 II lituua, d'Urb. 
 
 II onpiduls, ¥. and M. 
 *V*|aDuliiM npinigrn, Brady. 
 NodoHiu (Dentalinit) commnnii, d'Orb, 
 II II pituperata, d'Orlx 
 
 ((flandulina) liavigata, d'Orb. 
 
 LngviM Klu)iuaa, W. and J. 
 II a(-iculata, Kviim. 
 II Iwvii, Montagu. 
 H diitoma, P. and J. 
 II nilcaia, P. and J. 
 
 •Miiiitriata, WillianMon. 
 II itriatopunrtata, P. and J. 
 II Kitutmoaa, Montagu. 
 II nirlu, d'Urb. 
 
 niarginato, W. and B. 
 II omata, Willdrnow. 
 
 iTamily Textularidte. 
 
 Caafidulina Iwvigata, d'Orb. 
 
 II crana, d'Orb. 
 
 Bolivina punctata, d'Orb. 
 Virgulina •quamoM, d'Orb. 
 Bulimina aeulnta, d'Orb. 
 
 II elpgantiwinia, d'Orb. 
 
 Bulimina pyrula, d'Orb. 
 Valvuliua cunica, P. and J. 
 Vemtuilina |ioly>tropha, Raun. 
 Spirnplecta bifomiin, P. and J. 
 Textularia variabilia, Willd. 
 II Agghitinani, d'Orb. 
 
 Family Lituolidit. 
 
 Trochammina inflata, Mont. 
 Ammodiwui inoertui, d'Orb. 
 Hippocrepina indiviio, Parker. 
 Haplophragmium Canariensv, d'Orb, 
 
 Haplophraginiur' cnMii, Parker. 
 K<K)phax iicor|>iuru«, Mnntfort. 
 II tinden*, Parker. 
 
 Family A$lrorhizidit. 
 
 I Rhabdammina discreta, Brady. 
 
 Rhabdammina abyworum, M. Sar>. 
 
 Family iiUioHdn. 
 
 Comuipira foliacea, Philippi. 
 Miliolina agt^lutinans, d'Orb. 
 
 I, Ferumacii, d'Orb. 
 
 ,1 bicomia, W. and J. 
 
 •I iiubrotunda, Mont. 
 
 II xicana, d'Orb. 
 
 Miliolina tricarinata, d'Orb. 
 
 II trigoniila, d'Orb. 
 
 II oblonga, Mont. 
 
 II seminulum, L. 
 Biloculina oblonga, Mont. 
 
 II ringena, Lam. 
 
 * Hana Kiwr, in hia aynopaia of the Xorwcgian Marine Thalanophora (Kriatiania, 1900), 
 aaya that thia ie a aynonym of Uanjinutini api'noaa, M. Sai«, with which the writer had 
 identified it in 1872. 
 
 I t 
 
 BBOi 
 
11 
 
 RADIOLARIii!. 
 
 Family Dietyoehitia. 
 DiiiTRPBA!iUH ACULiATua (Ehranberg). 
 
 Dietitoelia aeulttUa, Zhrenborit (tMaU). 
 DiitipkanHt arultalu; Htedutl (IMMT) 
 
 Spaoimcns that were referred to thii tpeciea, with ■ query, bv Sir J. W. 
 Dawton (in bii Haodbook of Zoology, publiNhed in 1H70) ar« said to have 
 been "obtained from a depth of 3l:i fathom^ m the Uulf of Ht. Lawrence 
 by Captain Urlebur, R.N." Himilar ipocimeni have since been found by the 
 writer in a sponge (Hcdichondria panicua) and in the pt-iaaohof the common 
 ■ea urchin (Strongloeantrottu drobaehientu), both fron. very shallow water 
 oflf Cap (lea Rosieri. 
 
 Three or fojr additional species of radiolarians are now known to occur 
 in the Gulf of Ht, Lawrence, but they have not yet been critically studied. 
 
 POBIFERA (SPONGES)* 
 
 CALCAREA. 
 
 Family A»conxda. 
 
 Lbccosolexia caxccllata, Verrill. 
 
 1h:4. Proc. Am Amna Adv. So. for 1873, p. ."MW. 
 Orphan Bank, off the entrance to the Bale des Chaleurt, 1S7.3, Whiteavee 
 ( Verrill ). Strait of Belle Isle, off Normans Light, 60 fathoms, rocky bottom, 
 A. M. Rodger, 1892; Davis Htrait, off Cape Raper, four miles south, 60 
 fathoms, bottom of stoni 8 and sand, A. M. Rodger, 1893, and at Cape 
 Aston, in 60 fathoms. Captain Phillips, ISQ.*) (Lambe). 
 
 1' 
 
 Family Sycettidn. 
 SvcoN pR0'i£CTU!d, Lamb«. 
 18!)fi. Tnin>, Ruysl Soc. Canada, Second Serien, vol. ii., »ec. iv., p. 204. 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, eight miles south-east of Bonaventure Island, in 56 
 fathoms, stones and coarse sand, dredged by the writer in 1873. Strait of 
 Belle Isle, off Norman's Light, 60 fathoms, rocky bottom, A. M. Rodger, 
 1892 ; and Upemavik, west coast, of Greenland, 1892 (Lambe). 
 
 • Nearly all the aix ngei in thin li> ' have iK-n identified or deacribed and ligur«d by Mr. 
 Ii. M. Lamlie ; most of them in the ' -ansactiona of the Hoyal Society of Cauada for 1896, 
 Second Series, voL li , sect, iv., pp. 181-211, |>Iates i, ii and iii. 
 
SvooM AaruL n, LMobe. 
 urn. ibM., p, mt, 
 Gulf of St. LawrMMe, off BoMrmtura Iilrad, In H fotboma, with the 
 pnMdiim ipMiM, oollaotad by tii* writw in 1H73. 
 
 Family Ontntitr. 
 OlAKTU CAXADnu, LMsba. 
 
 iW«. IMd.. p.106. 
 
 NorthnnWland Htrait, l-rtween Piotou Wunn and Cap* Bear, P.E.I., 
 in 33 tathomt; Unit of St. Lawrtniw, 08 Bonarentara Itland, in 04 
 fathom*, dndged by the writer in 1873 ; and M^tit, Sir J. W. Dawion 
 (Umbe). 
 
 Family H*l*ropii^a. 
 HiTBROPU RoDOEBi, Lambe. 
 
 lUOO. Tnuw. Rojral Hiw. CanaHai, 8«ooiiri StriM, *oL vi., •ret. iv., i>. 3n. 
 
 Strait of Belle I«le, off Normim'i Light, 60 fatbomt, rocky bottom, A. M. 
 Rodger, 1893(.«mbe). 
 
 Family Amphoritcida. 
 • Amphoribcus TuoNPaoNi, Lambe. 
 
 1900. Up. cit aupr*. p. 3tl. 
 
 Strait of B^lle Tsle, off Norman's Light. 60 fathoms, rocky bottom, A. M. 
 Rodger, 1802 (Lambe). 
 
 DEMOSPONGIiE. 
 
 TETRACTISILLID.E. 
 
 Family TetilHdtr. 
 
 (Craniella cranium (Mailer). 
 
 Richmond Gulf, Hudson Bay, from 20 to 30 fathoms, on a soft mud 
 bottom, A. P. Low, 1899, (L. M. Lambe) ; east and west coasts of Greenland 
 (Fristed). The Tethta Logani of Sir A. W. Dawson, which is so abundant 
 in the Leda clay of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa valleys, would seem to be 
 identical with this species). 
 
r 
 
 I 
 
 \9 
 
 Wmnilj nHtMn. 
 
 Thixe* mvmoata (BowerlMnk). 
 
 ObW of 8» Uwrnto*, batwMn AaUcMti mmI tb« UMp«« prninni n aaO 
 falboiM dndRwl by tb* writer in 1«7.1 ; MWt UrwnUnd, in 350 fMt; .o., A. 
 M. Rodgtr, l(l»4 (LmbU). 
 
 (Mi)NAXONlDA). 
 
 HAOROMUIJIA. 
 
 Family Sl^oeord^idir, 
 
 MTTI.OCOItDYU WRKALIII (Lovm). 
 
 H. M. 8. Ch»ll«ngpr, Sution 49 (M«y 30, 1873) «.utlt .,f HnlUmx, So^ 
 Scotia, in 85 fathoms, gt^.vel and itone*. !JrMlg»i ibe writer > 
 
 1873, in tha Onlf of 8t Lawrcnca, about half wny tnn«*.ti •« 
 
 tha Oaap^ paninaula, in from 300 to 220 faihooi^ ^ut « Aumen 
 
 vpecimana). 
 
 Family Clionidee. 
 
 Cliosa celata, Urant. 
 
 Xorth Rhora oi Prince E<)ward Iiland, two uptnws,, tafiwviw (MM 
 oyiter ihe'U, collected by Dr. James Fletcher in HWi- and »u*m»^tmallr 
 identified with tbia apeciei by Mr. Lambe. 
 
 Family Polynuuliidve. 
 
 POLTMAITIA RODUaTA, Bowerfce! If 
 
 H. M. 8. Challenger, Station 49, (May 20, ISTIi ^th af i»*«te. Nov* 
 Scotta, in 85 fathoms, gravel and itonm (RidU l>nd» ■. Th^- ~ tfurf 
 
 Island, south of Cow Head, in 1 2 fathomx, >« piecet 
 
 part of one specimen, which formed a bright rw; thin crust 
 
 foot in its greatest dl '.meter ; collected by the writer in ' 
 identified with thisspevies by Mr. Lambe. 
 
 . arP 
 t'ro«n a 
 ' >nc« 
 
 POLVM.WTIA ^AXILLARIS (Mllller). 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, die<lgwl by the writer in 1871 and n 2 in deep 
 water (120 to 210 fatliomn) far from iiliore to the north an I ».juth of th* 
 Island of Antioosti. 
 
 i 
 
14 
 
 TMoaom-RMMA ■■MMnMMiarM, M. ten. 
 
 0«lf of St. Uwrwioa, bMwMn Aatiowti and lb* north ■hort, alglit mtiM 
 from CluriMoB PdIbI, AntioMti, in 113 fotbom*. Im^* Mid •bmII iioim^ 
 IhrM •fwoioMNw, diwIiiMl by Um wriltr in 1871. 
 
 QvAiiLUXA naivw (Bowwhanli). 
 
 H. M. 8. CiMllragw, 8ution 49 (May f>0, 1873) io«th of Halifax, Nova 
 Bootla, in 83 (atltoiiM grav«| and atonM, fourtaan itpaoiiiMni, all attaobad to 
 pabblaa by a »tani or paduoola (Kidlay nnd Dandy). 
 
 TiiiTOMtvii iiiinoiiRKiTU (Hchmidt). 
 
 Tkmipkom irmitiiUru.-$ nohniklt |ltt7li| s mul WIiIimvm (IMT4I. 
 Tkte.,t>kora Mt, W) ,i\ir rh<in|«Mm (1H78)| mkI WItilMvM (1H74). 
 TtHlo-irm mninlKrilf, ViwouMir (IMM). 
 
 H. M. 8. OhallanKer, Station 49, 1873 (Ridla) and Dandy). Unlf of St. 
 Lawraaoa,— dredgad by tbe writer in 1871, on tba north nhore, half way 
 between Point dea MonU and the weat end of Trinity Bay, in 06 fatbooM ; 
 in 1873, eight inilaa S.E.of Bonaventure libutd.in 38 fathoini,and Iwtween 
 Cape Oaa|MS and Cap daa Rotiieni, in 73 to 80 fatbonu ; alio, in 1873, off Cap 
 Bon Ami (near Ship Head, Oaap^), in DO fathoron. Davia Strait, Eriek 
 Point bearinit N.W. by W., 150 fathoms r(K-ky bottom, A. M. Rodger, 
 1893; and eaat Greenland, in 330 fatiiom*. A. M. Rodger, 1804 (Lambe). 
 
 Family Stderitidtr. 
 
 SvBRRiTU ricuB (Johnston). 
 
 Sable Inland, Nova Scotia, two ipeoimena, one attached to the upper 
 yalve of a ipeoimen of I'xeUn Uagtllanieui, and the other to tbe inxide of a 
 valve of a specimeu of Cffprina IidandUa, in the collection of Sir J. W. 
 Don (Lambe). 
 
 SuBKRiTBS Htspiovs (Bowerbatik). 
 
 Tttkt>i ki$pida, Bow>>rl>Mik (ll«!4). 
 SiiUritf kitpidu; L«iii)ip (181)7). 
 
 Golf of St. Lawrence, twenty-four miles 8. by W. of Eaat Cape, Anticosti, 
 in 212 fathoms, mud, oue specimen, dredged i)y the writer in 1871. 
 
 (ScBERiTKs tioifTALRiDt's. Carter. 
 
 Richmond Qulf, eatt coast of Hudson Bay, iu from 20 to 30 fathoms, 
 soft mud bottom, A. P. Low, 1899 (Lambe). Greenland (Fristedt.) 
 
15 
 
 Pk iiPjr Uaflotdrridtt. 
 
 Cmaliiia ocvuta (PhllM). 
 
 Fiva IiUnds MinM B«*in, B«y of Fandy. C. W. WilKmot, 1893 ; 
 JoRgiiw, N.8 , T. C. WMton, 180S ; Neva OcotU •nd Rivi^r* tin Loup, Hir 
 J. W. DawMM (Umb»). Gulf of 8l. Uwrenea, onllcctMl \>y Dr. Bell in 
 1M8. 
 
 H*t,ICHO!inRIA P*»ICKA, JollMIOIi. 
 
 Comuim throughout th« •ntira rFxion, aouthward to New KiikUiuI and 
 northward to UreenUnd. Macuun hiM oullMtml it on the louth ooMt of 
 Princ* Edward Iiland ; the writar betwetm Fictou Iila»d, N.H,, and Cap* 
 BMr, P.E.I., in 23fathuint, andoffCapdm lioaiorK in 7 fathi.nii ; Mr. W. B. 
 Lambe lwtwu«n Unmie Grt-rc, Uaup^ Bay and Mhip Haail (Cnpe flaspt') ; 
 and Sir J. W, Dawion at Kivierr du Loup and &Iurray Bay. 
 
 RixiiRA Hururisa, Larobe. 
 
 1D93. TrMu. K'lj'ul Sic. CanwU tut \mri. ml. x,, wet. iv., p. 7B. 
 
 Orphan Bank, off the entrance to the Bale dea Chnieurt, one Hpecimen, 
 dredged bjr the writer in lt*73 ; and Gai|ie const eight Hpecimen*, Sir J. W. 
 Dawton (Lamlie). The type* of R. ru/t$ettn were coll«ct<>d at Petropaul- 
 owiki, KanititGbatka, by Dr. G. U. Dawiton in 1801. 
 
 RlKIBRA MnLLII, Laiiil)e. 
 IMM. Idem, vol. xi., wet. iv., p. 'jx. 
 
 Orphan Bank, two fragnieuta, dredged by the writer ^r ^ .S73 ; eoaat of 
 Labrador, one specimen, in Sir J. W. Daw^on'ii collection ; Wakohatn Bay, 
 Hudwn Strait, A. P. I^w, 1897; DavU Strait, Reef Coal Hill, bearing 
 S.E., twenty miles, in 30 falhoinii, rocky bottom,— und off Cape Raper, four 
 miles south, in 60 fathom*, stunen and sand, A. M. Hotjger, li492 (Lambe). 
 The types of this species nre from Vancouver Island. 
 
 Ei'MASTiA HiTiiixs, <). Schmidt. 
 
 Yarirouth, Nova Scotia Profeswr Mncoun, 1884 ; l*tween Piciou IsUnd, 
 N.S. and Cape Ijear, P.E.I , in 22 fathoms, dretlged by the writer in 1873 ; 
 Gasp^, Metis and Uiviiru du T/)U|i, .Sir J. W. Dawson (LRiuue). Greenland 
 <0. Schmidt, and Frietedt). 
 
18 
 
 OiLLiua ABcopincs, Vo«iii»er. 
 
 bjr th. wnter in 1872 (Un.be). Qreenl.nd 
 
 "uii or Ht. lAwrence, betwe 
 fathoms, stones, dredged by 
 (Fristedt). ' 
 
 Ofc .108 riAUELtirEB, Ridley «nd Dendy. 
 
 .l«>atne.rlythe.a«elo..,";;«^7/ J;;'S ^"""'.r*'' '" '"' ^ 
 specie., in 1872 (Lambe). """•"'*• ""'•> »»'«^ preceding 
 
 Oellius Lalrrstinis, Ijimbe. 
 
 1901. Tnmfc Royal Soe. of Can.vl.'. for linn «. ^ ^ 
 
 ■"ct. iv.. p. 20. ' ''**• *^'"' ■'<*"«,, vol. vi.. 
 
 fair 1^:;- t;r:TT'Lt; ".^ :vr ^-''-^ ^--^ 'oo 
 
 8tn.it of Belle Isle, off Xor^.n-LS tn , u^'"^' '^^'' " *■•»«■»•">»' 
 Rodger, 9th of April. 1892 a fTalJft 'd ^"^ "^^' '*''**"•• A- M. 
 fflouth of Coutta Inlet, isi fa^Il' f T" ''"■'"'• *''"* '""«' ^~« '»>• 
 July, 1802, two -pecim n thltre^t^ wl^r*' t ''• ^'^«"-' '''^ <" 
 1-5 thiclc, and parVof « th rd thlth " "•*"' ^ "•"»• »«^d and 
 
 P « ot « third that ha, grown around a wor™ tube " (Lan.be) 
 
 Family P'teUotelerido!. 
 
 EsPKBELLA LI.VOUA (Bowerbank). 
 
 ffT!!,'"'''" ''"'""'• B"""l»nk (18.W). 
 Rk„ph,odt„u. Ii„„„.,, Bowerbank (1874 . 
 £'.^rtff„f,„j„,«, U,nb^„^j,yj ' 
 
 ."^^^^^ '^^' ^°'^" •"'' Cape (Jasp« i„ 75 .„ «« f u 
 
 .pecimens and some fragments, drV • alsrnnT "'*'°"'' ^'"'"''^ »*«> 
 
 J. F. Whiteave,, 1872. One sJi^el T r"'""'" P'"*'*'-^*^ '« «)«»hoI. 
 
 (I*«be). North-east coast of'^^ru'nS s"^' ''" '^""»"' ^-«'° " 
 (Fristedt). '^-^ ^""-^ «t»tes (Verrill); Greenland 
 
 ESPERELLA M0DE8TA, Lambe. 
 
 1*95. Tran.. K..y«l .S«,. Ca„«,la f„r IS94 v,.l .„ 
 0-^ coas,, one .pecmon, d,v, .Sir NV.Ui,.. l^aws-n - (i::^; 
 
 B3 
 
17 
 Dmmaclla Peachi. (Bowerbank), var. OHffiNLASD.cA, Fri.tedt. 
 
 m.n^rvTp^ iSr" ""'• **" ^'"P' P*"'"*"'*' •« 200 fathom,, one speci- 
 
 Soriln/" .*?:?'.''"• ''"*'**"''' 'P-'-- '«•» the east r^t 
 of Greenland waa dredged in 130 fathoms " (Lambe). 
 
 Cl^OORHIZA ABY88IC0LA, M. Sani. 
 
 The specimen of this species that is figure,l by Mr. Lambe* was dred..ed 
 
 the 8 W t^ :° ]'?• '" ''' ^"'^ "' «'^ ^-™-. about h^f way W^l 
 the 8.W. Pomt of Ant.costi and the Oaspe peninsula, in 200 fathoms, mud. 
 
 Cladoriiiza GRASDig. Verrill. 
 1879. Pnx:. U.S. Nat. Mu.., vol. ii., p. 204. 
 Deep water fishing jjronnds off Nova Scotia ( Verrill). . 
 
 Cladoriiiza Nohdenskioldii. Fristedt. 
 '•A portion of a sponge, evidently the root, which agrees perfectly in 
 
 the shape and size of the spicules, with Fristedfs specime„7rom the east 
 coa^t of Greenland, was dredged by Mr. VVhiteavesri873. bZeen A^i 
 cost, and the Gasp^ peninsula," i„ 200 fathoms, mud (Lambe). The S 
 Lawrence specimen is figured on Plate 1. figs. 9. a-f, of the second volume of 
 the second senes of Transitions of the Royal Society of Canada. 
 
 Artkmisi.va suBEBiTOiDEa. Vosmaer. 
 
 Scotia, in 85 fathoms gravel and stones (Ridley and Dendy). 
 
 Dbsmacidox (HoM-EODicTVA) PALMATA, (Johns ,n). 
 '■ Jfova Scotia^ one specimen, and Sable Island one specimen, flabellate in 
 form, dry, S.r William Dawson ; Five Islands, Minas fi'asin, B;y of Fu^dy 
 twenty specimens and . number of fragments, dry, C. W. Willimot, 1892 " 
 (Lambe). North-east coa.st of the United States (Verrill). 
 
 loPHos chelifer, Ridley and Dendy. 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, twenty miles north by west of St. Paul's Island, 
 100 fathoms, rocky bottom, A. JI. Rodger. 1892 ; Gaspe, Sir J. W. Dawson • 
 
 o 
 
IS 
 
 EgUnton Fjord, DavU Strait, Captain Phillipt, 1893 ; Vancouver Iiland, 
 Dr. O. M. Dawson (Lambe). 
 
 Mtxilla inorustars (Johnvton). 
 
 Balidumdria ineruttatu, Johniton (1842). 
 Myxilla tnenutonj, Lambe (ISffT). 
 
 Oasp^ eoast, two •peoimens, Sir J. W. Daw<ion (tismbe). 
 
 1897 
 
 Clathbia drmcata, Lambe. 
 
 Trans. Royal Soc. of Canada for 1896, Second Serieii, vol ii., 
 sect. IT., p. 192. 
 
 " Prince Edward Island, one specimen, dry, attached to an oyster shell. 
 Sir William Dawson ; Prince Edward Island, north shore, three specimens, 
 gtwwing on oyster sheUs, Dr. James Fletcher " ; " Portland, Maine " (Lambe). 
 
 Family Axinellidfr. 
 Phakellia tbntilabbcm (Johnston). 
 
 Balitlumiiria ventilabrum, Johniton (1842). 
 PKaMlia vetUUahrum, Bowerbank (1864). 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, eight miles south.east of Bonaventure Island, in 66 
 fathoms, stones and coarse sand, four specimens, dredged by the writer in 
 1872 ; Gasp^ coast, M^tis, Riviere du Loup and Murray Bay, Sir J. W. 
 Dawson ; west coast of Hudson Bay at York Factory, and between York 
 Factory and Fort Severn, Dr. R. Bell, 1880; east coast of Hudson Bay, 
 near Great Whale River, A. P. Low, 1896 ; Davis Strait, A. M. Rodger, 
 1892 (Lambe). 
 
 OOELENTERATA. 
 
 HYDROMEDUS^. 
 ANTHOHEDrS^. 
 
 Family Clavidae. 
 Clata liftostvla, Agassiz. 
 
 Clava miiUieomit, Stimpson (1853) mm JohnBton. Fide VerriU. 
 
 Salmon Bay (on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, just inside 
 of the Strait of Belle Isle), on shells, in 10 to 20 fathoms (Packard). Long 
 Island Sound to Labrador (Verrill). 
 
•J 
 
 19 
 
 Family Corynidai. 
 
 Stncortnr hirabilis (L. Agassiz). 
 
 Sania mirahau, L. Agnuiz (184»). 
 Coryrtt gramta, Wriffht (1868). 
 Coryne minbilii. L. Agutu (1800). 
 Spneoryne gmrata, Hindu (1868). 
 Suncorj^ne mirabtit, AUman (1871-72). 
 
 Bay of Pundy (Verrill). "This specie., just in the act of throwing off 
 the Medusw, was dredged iv great abundance on June 24th" (1864) "at 
 Belles Amours, Strait of Belle Isle, where the hydraria were found attached 
 to FfUota eltgaru, growing on a clean gravelly bottom " (Packard). 
 
 Family BougainvillidiK. 
 
 DicoRYNK rLBXuosA, O. O. Sars. 
 
 "Numerous specimens of this interesting hydroid were dredged both this 
 year (1878) and last (1877) in many localities in the Gulf of Maine and off 
 Nova Scotia, in 50 to 125 fathoms. It grows usually upon the shells of 
 living Neplanea Stimpsoni and N. decemcostata, sometimes also on soells 
 inhabited by Eupagnri. Often associated with Sudendrium rameum " 
 (Verrill, in American Journal of Science and Arts for Novemljer. 1878 d 
 375). ' •^" 
 
 Family Eudendriidce. 
 
 EUDENDRIUM RAH08UH (L). 
 
 Tubularia ramota, L. (1707). 
 
 Eudendrium ramotum, Ehnnber? (1834) ; et auct. 
 
 Bay of Pundy, in 6 to 100 fathoms (Venill). Gulf of St Lawrence 
 dredged by the writer in 1873, eight miles S. E. of Bonaventure Island, in 
 56 fathoms, with atrophied fertile polypites, and identified by Professor 
 Verrill. Collected at M^tis and Murray Bay by Miss Gary, and identified 
 by Sir J. W. Dawson in 1858 (Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. in 
 p. 407). ' 
 
 Eudendrium rameum, (Pallas)i 
 
 Tubularia ranua, Pallas (17tifi). 
 Eudendrium rameum, Johnston. 
 
 "Colour in life, light purplish red above, yellow beneath." Dredged by 
 the S8. Speedwell of the U. S. Fish Commission in 1887, "about thirty miles 
 south from Halifax, N.S., in 100 fathoms, fine compact sandv mud, associated 
 with Arehasterarclicw", A. Flor,e, '• Astrogonium grann/a're, Asteriag stelli- 
 onura, t/ippasteria phrygiana, Anttdon Eschrichtii," 4c. (Verrill). 
 2J 
 
 M 
 
30 
 
 EUOBHDBIOM CAPILLARR, Alder. 
 
 Le Have Bank, Nova Sootia, 45 fathaow, gravelly and itony bottom, 
 U. 8. Fish Cominiuion, 1872 (Smith and Harger). 
 
 ECDRXDRIUM CINODLATUM, Stimpson. 
 ISaS. Synopfc M»rne Invert. Oruid Manan, p. 8. 
 
 Grand Manan, dredged in 20 fathoms, on a shelly bottom off Duck 
 Island (Stimpson). 
 
 EUDI5DRIUM DIBPAR, Agassiz. 
 
 Vineyard Sound to Bay o( Fundy, 1 to 20 fathoms (Venill, 1873). 
 
 EUDKNDRIUH TBSUE, AgOSSiz. 
 
 Bnizards Bay to Bay of Fundy, low water to 15 fathoms (Verrill, 1873). 
 Family Tuhularidm. 
 
 TUBULAKIA IJiniVlSA ^L.) 
 
 Recorded by Dr. Stimpson, but with a query, as occurring at Grand 
 Manan, "chiefly in the laminarian zone." "Of large sice at Sable Island, 
 Nova Scotia, collected by Willis" (Sir J. W. Dawson). Le Have Bank, 
 Nov* Scotia, in 45 fathoms, U. A FUh Commission, 1872 (Smith and 
 Harger). 
 
 Thamjiocsidia labysx (L.) 
 
 Tubiilaria larynx (Ellis) StimiMon (1883). 
 Tkamnocnidia larynx, Verrill (1879). 
 
 Grand Manan, " dredged in 25 fathoms, on the Hake Ground " ; Stimpson. 
 Attached to frords of Laminaria on the Orphan Bank (Whiteaves, 1873) ; 
 alive in great numbers in Gaspe Bay (Sir J. W. Dawson, 185&). 
 
 ThamnocnidiA tksella, Agassiz. 
 Common in Casco Bay and the Bay of Fundy, low water to 40 fathoms- 
 (Verrill). 
 
 Family Hyriothelidn. 
 Myriothela phryoia (F^brioius). 
 
 Luetnmria phrijgia, Fabriciiis (1780). 
 Xyriothtla [ihriigia, M. Sara (1849). 
 
 " Grand Manan, Bay of Fundy, W. Stimpson " (I.- Agassiz). 
 
 ^11 
 
tl 
 
 Familj ffydraetiniidm. 
 Htdkaotisia echinata, Johnston. 
 
 Bfdntlinia polneHna, h. AgmHii (1860). 
 
 New Jeney to UbrMJor (Verrill). Throughout the entire region, from 
 low-water m»rk to 60 fathoniN, utuallj coating over the dekl shelU of 
 gasteropoda. 
 
 Family Monocaulidai. 
 MOHOCAULVB 0LACIALI8 (M. San). 
 
 Oorymorpka glaeMit, M. San (184»). 
 Oorymorpha nutam, Stimpnon (18r>3), 
 CotT/morpha pmdula, L. A^uiii (18(>2). 
 Monoeaulut flaeialit, Allnun (1864). 
 
 Grand Manan, "off West Quoddy Head, a hundred or more were Uken 
 at a single haul of the dredge. It also occurs at Welsh Pool and near Low 
 Duck Island. It lives on a sandy bottom, in from 4 to 15 fathoms" 
 (Stimpson). Common in Casco Bay and the Bay of Fundy (Verrill). 
 Rodger's Island, Oak Bay, Charlotte County, N.B., at a very low tide 
 dinging to the woodwork of a weir (Ganong, 1889). Murray Bay, Sir J 
 W. Dawson, (fide Verrill). 
 
 Incertcf Sedis. 
 
 AcAULis PRiHARius, Stimpson. 
 
 1863. Synopa. Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. 10. 
 
 Grand Magan, " dredged in the laminarian zone, from 5 to 15 fathoms, 
 attached to various Rhodoeperms, as I'tilota, Chondnts and R]u>dytn»nia" 
 (Stimpson). 
 
 LBPT0HEDU8.E. 
 
 (a.) Medusoid Scheme. 
 
 Family Cannotidit. 
 
 Pttchooena LACTE.t, A. Agassiz. 
 
 Around Pendleton's Island, east side of Passamaquoddy Bay (Ganong). 
 
 Family Eucopidoe. 
 
 TiABOPSIS DIADEMATA, L. AgaSsiz. 
 
 Bay of Fundy (Verrill). 
 
Pbuudium uxoniDVM (L. AgMaiz). 
 
 OmwuVi <aivuMla, L. Ag—n*. 
 Pkialidium lantuidum, Backel. 
 
 B«7 of Faody (Verrill). 
 
 Family ^quoridte, 
 PoLTCAKNA Obcxnlaiidica (Peron ami Lesnear). 
 
 Mrduta aqwtrttt, O. Fsbriciiu (17W). 
 ^■uorta Orfmlandien, Pnrun knd LMueor (1809). 
 JSygodaetyla anenlandim. h. Aguaii (18152). 
 Polj/eanna Oranlandim, Uirckel. 
 
 Buzzards Bay to Oreenland (Verrill). 
 
 (b.) Hydroid Scheme. 
 
 Family CampantUarida. 
 
 Campaxclaria tolcbilis (Pallas). 
 
 Sertularia infuitiu, Pallu (1766). 
 
 Oampanularia volubtlit. Alder (1867) ; not of Johiuton. 
 
 " Common in the Bay of Fundy, low water to 60 fathoms " (Verrill). Onlf 
 of St. Lawrence, off Cap des Rosiers lighthouse, in 7 fathoms (Whiteavef ). 
 
 Campanulabia rLBXUosA, Hincks. 
 
 £aam«<fea/ezuo«a, Hincl»(1861). • 
 
 Laomtdea amphora, L. Agautiz (1862). 
 Camfanularia fiexuiaa, Hincka (186j). 
 
 " Long Island Sound to Oulf of St. Lawrence "; " Bay of Fundy to Oulf 
 of St. Lawrence " (Verrill). 
 
 Campanulabia Hinckbii, Alder. 
 
 Le Have Bank, Nova Scotia, in 45 fathoms, gravelly and stony bottom 
 U. 8. Fish Commission, 1873 (Smith and Harger). 
 
 Campanulabia verticillata (L.) 
 
 Dredged by Messrs. Smith and Harger on the Le Have Bank, in 45 
 fathoms, and by Dr. A. S. Packard and the writer at many localities in the 
 Oulf of St. Lawrence, in from about 20 to 50 fathoms or more. 
 
 :;! 
 
ss 
 
 Campanclabia calioulata, Hinoka. 
 
 (hnpanularia raluulatn, Hinolu (1808), 
 Cli^ia (Ortkoppxit) poltrium, L. Aguiia (1863). 
 <Hkopj/xu fottrium, A. Agima {ima). 
 OrthoprriM ealinlala, VerrUl (W7S). 
 
 B«y of Fnndjr, low-water to 30 (kthoma, and Gulf of St Lawrenw, »t the 
 Mingkn Iiluda, in 6 fathomi ; alio Henley Harbonr, Strait of Belle Isle, 
 20 to 30 fathonu, Packard, aa Clytia volubifit (Verrill). 
 
 Obblia niLATiNOSA (Pallaa). 
 
 South shore of the St. Lawrence at M^tia, collected by Miss Carey, and 
 identifled by Sir J. W. Dawwn in 1858 ; near Garibou Island (Packard). 
 
 Obilia C0SIMI880RAU8, McCready. 
 
 {f) Laometita gtlatinma, Stunpaon (nun Pallu). 
 " Orand Manan, Mills, t. A. Agossiz " (Verrill). 
 
 Obrlia LoxaigsiHA (Pallafc). 
 Bay of Fundy (Verrill). 
 
 Obelia jiCHOTOMA (L). 
 
 Nova Scotia, and south shore of the St. Lawrence at Metis (Sir J. W. 
 Dawson, 1858). 
 
 Obblia pthifobmis, Verrill. 
 " Long Island Sound to Bay of Fundy " (Verrill). 
 
 Obblia gbsiculata (L). 
 
 Strtularia gcniculata, h. (1758). 
 Eiicope diaphana (pan) L. Afraniz (1H62). 
 Obdin gcniculata, Allman (1HC4) ; teste Hincka. 
 Eucopc alternaUi, A. Agawiz (IWiT)). 
 
 " Long Island Sound to Labrador ; " " Bay of Fundy and northward, low- 
 water to 40 fathoms, on Laminaria, Rhodymenia, etc." (Verrill). 0. 
 genieulata, " or a similar species, is very common on sea weeds in the Gulf 
 of St. I^wrence " (Sir J. W. Dawson, 1858). 
 
 CaLTCELLA 8TRIXGA (L). 
 
 Orand Manao, " on Serttilaria potyzoniaa in 25 fathoms off Duck Island " 
 Stimpson, an Campannlaria syringa, Lamarck). Le Have Bank, Nova 
 
 i 
 
 AMaSMMliB 
 
M 
 
 Boom U. & FUh OommiaiiMi, 1873 (Snith Mid Hugi^r). OoK of St. Uw. 
 naM, oa th« Orphra BMik, uid about half way UtwMn Eut Cape, Antiooati, 
 and th« Bird Rooka, ia SIS fathont, WUtMiraa (Varrill). 
 
 Olttia Joamroai (Aldw). 
 
 Omrmntilaria Johnlmi, AMm: (lHft7). 
 
 Oftia htrnphara, L. Agunii |1M2). 
 
 C/jt«M mluhilU, A. Agmii (18IU) i noo Latnounnix, Ad* VmiU. 
 
 aptia /akiuton), Hineka (IMW). 
 
 "lAiig Island Soand to the Aratio 0<waa ;" "abniuiaiit in CaMo Bay 
 and Bay of Fnndy, low-water to 40 fatbonu" (Verrill). La Have Bank, 
 Nora Scotia, in 45 fatkomi (Smith and Harger). Orphan Bank, WhiteaTca 
 <VarrUl). 
 
 Family Ptruphonidn. 
 Lafoia dcmom (Fleming). 
 Nova Sootia (L Agaaaii). 
 
 Lafoba oracillima (Alder). 
 
 tafoea /rutieota, Hincki (t«68). 
 Lafoea gracillimd, O. O. 8wi (1878). 
 
 Bay of Fundy (Verrill); Le Have Bank, K.&, in 45 and 60 fathoms 
 (Smith and Harger). 
 
 LAroEA BOBOSTA, Verrill. 
 
 Haltcium robuitum, Verrill {XtHH). 
 Lafoea robiuta, Verrill (1879). 
 
 Aboat half way between Anticosti and the Oasp^ peninsula, in from 1 20 
 to 200 fathoms ; dredged by the writer in 1873, and since identified with 
 this species by Professor Verrill 
 
 CosPiDiLLA OBANOI8, Hincks. 
 
 Orphan Bank, Whiteaves( Verrill) ; Cateau Harbour, Long Island, Labra- 
 dor, 15 fathoms, not common, A. S. Packard (as La/oea dumota, fide Verrill). 
 
 Family Haleciidn. 
 
 HaLECICM BALECIlrUM (L.) 
 
 Dredged at many localities in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, at moderate 
 depths, by Packard, Sir J. W. Dawson, the writer and others, also in the 
 
/ 
 
 / 
 
 u 
 
 Htrait <A Balla I«l« (at ChfttMU B*/, in 30 fa'bonu on r *iMij liottom) b* 
 Pkckwd. 
 
 Halicivm MCRiCAii-M (EIIU and SoUnder). 
 
 FiftMn mtlea 8.8.E. ot Bonaventur* U\*ad, in RO fatbomi, ■tony and 
 rocky bottom, dredged by the writer in 1872. Off Carilwn laland, P.Q., on 
 n fUh ng bank in from 30 to 00 {athoini ; and Square Iiland, Labrador, in 
 30 fathonu (Pkokard). 
 
 Halecicm iusili, Kornian. 
 
 Between East Cape, Antiooeti and the Bird Bocks, in 212 fatbomt; two 
 •pecimeni, dredged by the writer iu 1871 and since determined by Professor 
 
 Verrill. 
 
 Family S*rtular%mdtr. 
 
 Bbbtclaria abietina, L. 
 
 H. M. 8. Challenger, Station 4« (5Iay 8, lf<7.1) off Nova Scotia, in »1 
 fathoms, rock (Allman). " MIngan Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence, and 
 Labrador. 'Anticosti Expedition'", Verrill (Packard). Apparently abun- 
 dant also in Sir J. W, Dawson's and the writer's dredgings in the Oulf and 
 mouth of the River St. Lawrence. 
 
 Srrtvlaria piLictLA, Ellis and Solander. 
 
 Grand Manan, dredged in 20 fathoms, on shelly bottoms (Stimpson). 
 Labrador (Packard). 
 
 Sebtclahia pumila, L. 
 
 Nova Scotia (on sunken logs) and Metis (.Sir J. W. Dawson); Strait of 
 Belle Isle, between tides, abundant (Packard). 
 
 SsRTCLARiA POLVZONIAS, L., iind var. oioASTEA, Hincks. 
 
 Grand Manan, in from 10 to 40 fathoms (Stimpson) ; Le Have Bank, N.S., 
 in 45 and 60 fathoms, the var. yigantea, U. S. Fish Commission, 1M72 (Smith 
 and Harger). Dredged at many localities in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, by 
 the writer. " Between tides at Caribou Island, and in deeper water, where 
 it grows very stout and !arge" (Packard). 
 
 SehTI- LABIA RUCiOSA, L. 
 
 Grand Manan. common in deep water (Stimpson). Common in the Gulf 
 of St. liawrence. " Barely met with iu 30 fathoms at Square Island," 
 Labrador (Packard). 
 
 'i^m 
 
M 
 
 SUTOUUA TMCOtriDATA, AMw. 
 
 h'1 ofk^lZi To^lSr ^'P*^ <^'"»— ^ " AU.nd.nt In th. 
 oinui M MiM |.to in 40 fntbonu, upon Diph^ia rometa " (P«ok»rd). 
 
 SiSTVUBu ruiironMia, Hinokt. 
 wnwr in 1873, and nlMMiMntly d.t«rmined by P„,fe«„ v.rrill. 
 
 8mtul*«m LATiuioutA, Stjmpion. 
 
 !*» Synop* Mwiw. Inv»rt. «J,Mid M»iuin, p M 
 
 Omnd M««n. "dr«lg«l in tlw Umin.ri«, «,ne " (8tin.p«n). 
 
 8«»T0LABU PBOLUCTA, 8tilopMn. 
 
 ISSa. Op. cit., p. it. 
 
 Or«nd MMwn (StimpMn). 
 
 DiPRAiu FALLAX (Jonniton). 
 
 aetiMlarn falhx, JohiMbm (lftl7). 
 Diplui$ia faUax, L, Aganit (18«3). 
 
 Orund M.n« (8ti«p«n); Bay of Fundy. 30-88 fathom. (Vorrill). 
 
 DiPH 1IA RODACBA (L.) 
 
 SfHtaaHa rometa, L. (1767), 
 Diphaim rotaera, h. Apuwit (1862). 
 
 I.le'^(2;ckX"' " "' """'"' *"""' '"""'"• '° "*• '"*•* "' »«"» 
 DiPHASiA MiRABiLis, Verrill. 
 1872. Trwu. Ckmn. Acad. Art. and Sc. vol. in,, p, as. 
 Le Have Bank, N.8., in 60 fathoms (Smith and Harger). 
 
 ThuIARIA THUJA (L.) 
 
 Collected by Mewro. Hyatt, Shaler and Verrill, on the C^mhrtA 
 expedu.ontoAntico«ti in 186,, at the Ming.n IslandM^^ff o^ sT Lf 
 
 hi S; 
 
 li i^ 
 
»7 
 
 rtBOt (PMknrd) ; uul tipe* dr«d|*d at NTtral localitiM in tb« Oalf hj tb* 
 writer mmI otbert. 
 
 TnvuaiA articvlat* (PbIIm). 
 
 L» H»ve BmIc. .V.8., in 45 f«thonu (Smith And Hargar) ; OuK of St. 
 Lawrenc* (WhitMVM). 
 
 Trviaria cvpRumiiA (L) 
 
 Strtulmria tMfnuinm (L.) Omrlin (ITVS). 
 rkHHiH)! euprtuina, Allinan (IfttM). 
 
 H. M. a Challenger, Sution 48 (May M, 1873) off Nova Scotia, in Bl 
 fathoms, rook (Allnan). Bay of Fundy, in tide pooU and from 1 to 100 
 fathoma. common (Verrill). Nonhnmberland Strait and Onlf of St.Lawrtne* 
 (Whiteavca) ; Hanley Harbour (Stiait of Belle lala) in 7 fathoms (Packard). 
 
 Thuiaria asokxtia (Ellis and So'.ander). 
 
 Strtularia arytntta, Ellia (nd Siilandrr (1*86). 
 Thuiaria argenlta, AllBi*n (18IM*). 
 
 Grand Manan, " common in 4 to 6 fathom*, attached to stone* " (Stimp- 
 son). " Bay of Fandy ; Nova Scotia coast ; (.'alf of St. Lawrence, low- 
 water to 110 fathoms^(Verrill). Northumlwrland Strait and Oulf of St. 
 Lawrence (Whiteaves) ; Uasp^ Bay, attached to shells of Peettn Jlagtllanieui 
 (Sir J. W. Dawson) ; Caribou Island, in 8 fathoms, not common (Packard). 
 
 HVDRALLMANIA FALCATA (L.) 
 
 Sf .ularia /alatta, L. (17M). 
 
 Plamularia faleata, Stitupnon (1853). 
 
 PIUMularia Itncrrima, Stiiii|i«<>n (18SS) ; fido Wrrill. 
 
 Ifydraliuuinui fnkain, Hinckt (lf)6N). 
 
 Orand Manan, "taken often in 35 fathoms in the Hake Ground" 
 {P. faleata) and "common in 25 fiitlioms, shelly bottom, off the northern 
 point of Duck Island" (P. ttnerrima) ; Stimpson. "Very abundant in 
 Casco Bay and the Bay of Fundy, low- water to 110 fathoms" (Verrill). 
 Le Have Bank, N.S., in 60 fathoms ; and off Chrbucto Head, Halifax 
 Harbour, in 20 fathoms (Smith and liarger) ; Sable Island, N.S., '>asp^ 
 and Metis (Sir J. W. Dawson) ; Antieoati and the Mingan ' ds 
 (Verrill). Dredged by the writer also at many localities in the Gull of ht. 
 Lawrence, and apparently common throughout the entire region. 
 
 ii * 
 
fmilj Ormmmmridm. 
 
 OtAUIUUA AMITIIfA, M. f •. 
 
 Obammabu oraoiuis StimpMa. 
 
 0«-H M "** ■'"'^ ^""^ '"'^- "'^ M.««. p. fc 
 
 ThWOCAIPVI MYIII0PHTLLt7M (L) 
 
 *rtirf«rfa «i,frK^^»„. L (17*7). 
 .it'nvl>*nia m^^^^^ I-mw,n«w (WW). 
 
 '*«'»"'V<M"»rt<»»lrf/.«, Nutting (1900). 
 
 CtADOOAiiroi PouiTAtMii, V^rrlll 
 
 CtADocARPus sMoiMrn, Verrill, 
 
 1W9. Ibid., p. .111. 
 
 •nd p.^rvcd by Mr. iJswooa.b (CAi^ "" ^'"- ''' '''«' 
 
 AoLAOPHmiopsis coBSDTA (Verrill). 
 
 ClailoearpuB cornutu; Vernll (1879). 
 Aglnophtnupii, coruuta. Nutting (IMO). 
 
 Off Ssblf Wand, N.S., on B<»nquere.u. in about aofi f.»i. 
 preceding speciet. ^"" '•thoms, with the 
 
 ! i 
 
 i 
 
 ■•M 
 
Pkmily /VMiNM/ariM^r, 
 AirrisiirvuRu a>itixni!ia (L.) 
 
 JbHu/urM •MftuniiM, U (ITM). 
 4H«(iiaM<flrMi axieHnim, Hvniinic, (tWB. 
 
 " MurtlM'f ViMjrard to Bay of Kondy ; " " Bay of Fondy, 10 to 60 
 
 fathono, not unconnuon " (Vtrrill). 
 
 TBACHOMIDULK. 
 
 Fkiuily TraehjfH' miritr. 
 
 TiiACHViiuii moiTALii (O. Fabririai). 
 
 tlnlun liiitil.lr, ((. fahriviua (I7i«»). 
 TmeHitHfUH 4i»ilalr, A. AiraMia {IMA). 
 
 ViM/ard Mound to UrtrnUnd ^Vrill). " HpvciRwnii, agn^ing wall with 
 Mr. A. AgMxix'i flgun* and JMcriptlon, and of a beautiful iherry tint, ware 
 dradgad in 13 fathomi, rooky bott^xn, near Htrawbt-rry Hartiour " (Labrador), 
 "and at auothar point on the ooait, wu'hward " (Packard). 
 
 •IPH0.10PII0MA. 
 
 Family Phy§aHilit!. 
 PnriAtiA PCLAuicA, Lamarik. '• Portuouui Mas or Wab." 
 
 PhftUm Hrttkum, Tilniiii. 
 
 " OccMionally found on the cowit of Nova Scotia " (Sir J. W. Dawioit, 
 Hand Book of Zoology. 1870, p. 81). " I. wide the Ripplingn, Or«nd 
 Manan"(Dr. J. W. Fewke , IHMlt). 
 
 SCYPHO.MKDU.S.E. 
 
 STAUROMEDCH.K. 
 
 Family Luetmaridu'. 
 
 Ll'CKRNAKIA Vl'AUKICOKXI!), MulltT. 
 
 Orand Mannn, "dreilged on i. o<,ttoiii of nuliipores and leacolUmlert 
 (Agarum) in 4 fathoms " (Stinipsoii). Oulf* of .St. Lawrence, at Caribou 
 Island, in 10 fathums sami, dredged by L)r. A. .S. Packard in lS60 and 
 identitied by Profewor H. J. Clark. 
 
 Halvclystlu aubiclla, Clark. 
 
 "Very abundant on C/ion/n _fi/um, «.t low-water, Auguitt Uth '' (1861), 
 Anticosti, H. W. Point. • Antic<t»ti Expt-dition." Verri!) (Packard). 
 
90 
 Manania auricula, Cl«rk. 
 
 Lucemaria auricula, F»brioiu< (non Moller). 
 Manama auricula, Clark. 
 
 F.ai!!lrr "r* Tr" " '■" ^'"''""'''' " '^'''"' "' *'"' «-«">» Invertebrate 
 F.an. of Labrador," but no exact localities are mentioned at which it occur,. 
 
 I 3, 
 
 'i 
 
 DISCOUEOUH;!;. 
 
 Fam'"!v < .-/■ "riait. 
 
 Cvanka arct I a, IVroD Slid Lfj'i lur. 
 
 JUfduta capUata, Fabrici. (ir-<)i; fid. L. Agu li)!. 
 CiiaHta aretiea, Peron nix f • s,'... r (Hi.'i, 
 Cjianra PoiMtii, Gould (1S41). 
 
 The common large, claret, red, or liver-coloured jelly fi.h of the Gulf of 
 Bt. Lawrence, which ranges from Long Island Sound to CWnland It is 
 known to occur m the Bay of Fundy, on the Atlantic coa,t of Nova Scotia, 
 throughout the Gulf of St. I^wrence. and in the Strait of Belle Isle 
 
 Family Ulmaridve. 
 AiRBLiA flavidlla, Peron and Lesueur. 
 
 Utduta tturitn, Fabriciuii (17H0). 
 AureliaJlariJula. Peron and Lwuwir ,'809). 
 Aurelia niiritu, Stiniinum (1S.J3). 
 
 Floating at or near the surface, almost everywhere in the region under 
 «.ns.derat.on. Sfmpson and \errill have found it in the Bay of Fundy • 
 Ganong m Passamaquoddy Bay ; Sir J. W. Dawson. Verrill, the writer and 
 
 ^tJaTofRTlV^ ^^'t u *'" ^"" °* '"'• ^'""-^ Packard in the 
 Strait of Belle Isle ; and Fabricius ofif the coast of Greenland. 
 
 
 m 
 
 ALCYONARIA. 
 
 ANTHOZOA. 
 
 STOLONIPEIIA. 
 
 Family Corviilariidtf. 
 
 COHNT'LARIELLA MODESTA, Verrill. 
 
 lHr4. Anier. .Tourn. Sc. an<l Arts, Thir.1 .S,.rieH, v„! vii ,, 40 
 fatho^^ IlK?' '° ^ T ^**»'<"»' (^"rill, 1874). OffCape Sable, N.8., 80 
 
 r 87l^„ ^n ;?r' '''' ^''^'■"")- ^^^^^-^ ^^y «- -^^^ 
 
 i 
 
 an 
 
31 
 
 ALCYOXACBA. 
 
 Family Alcyonidir. 
 Alcvonicm rubiformb (Elirenl)erg). 
 
 Lobularia rubi/ortitt, KhrvnUirR (1MS4). 
 Akj/onium rubiforme, Dana (1M6). 
 
 Dred);ed by the writer off Ursnde Oreve, Uasp^ Bay, in 1867 ; at many 
 localities in the Gulf of St. I^wrence north of the Baie des Chaleura in 1871, 
 1872 and 1873 ; and on the Orphan Bank, where it waa very abundant, in 
 1873. 
 
 ALcroxiru carneum, L. Agassiz. 
 
 HaUyonium mmtavt, L. Agauiii (IHiiO). 
 Alciionium dipiUttitm, iStiiiiiMon (18S3) ; noli L. 
 
 Grand Manan, "found attached to small pebbles on shelly bottoms in 10 
 -39 fathoms. All the specimens obtained were very small, the largest 
 scarcely an inch in length, and not divided into loljes " (Stimpson). " In 
 Chedabucto Bay, on the southern side of Brt m Island, we " (i. c. Messrs. 
 Hyatt, Shaler and Verrill) "dredged an iibui lance of Alcyonium carwitm, 
 Ag. (in 1861) in 10 fathoms rocky bottom, associated with a variety of 
 hydroids. This is the most northern locality yet known for the species, its 
 range being southward to Cape Cod " (Verrill, in Canadian Naturalist and 
 Geologist for Decemlwr, 1863, vol. viii., p. 421). Bay of Fundy and coast 
 of Nova Scotia, low-water to 80 fathoms ( Verrill, 1873). Very fine and fre- 
 quent between Cape Breton and Prince Edward islands, where it was 
 dredged at several localities by the writer in l.*<73. 
 
 Alcvosium multiflorum, Verrill. 
 
 1879. I'riK-. V. S. Nat. Mui.., vol. ii., p. 200. 
 
 OflF Nova Scotia, in 131-239 fathoms, S8. Albatross, of the U. 8. Fish 
 Commission, 1883 (Verrill). 
 
 ASTH0MASTI-.S liR.\NDIFLORUS, Verrill. 
 1878. Amer. .Iciurn. Sc. and Arts, Tliinl .SiTii-», vol. .\vi.. p. liTFt. 
 Oflf Sable Island, N.S., in about 250 fathoms, schooner Marion, two speci- 
 mens " ( Verrill, 1878). " The Gloucester fishermen first collected this species 
 on the deep-water fishing banks off Nova Scotia, in 1877 and|1878." .Since 
 that time they have brought in numerous specimens and presented them to 
 the U. S. Fish Commission. " These have come from Georges Bank, Le 
 Have Bank, Banquereau, Sable Inland Bank, Grand Bank, etc., in 160 to 
 300 fathoms " (Verrill, 1883). 
 
ss 
 
 Family Xephthyida. 
 EuNEPTHVA LuTKENi (Marenreller). 
 
 Mei^niumalom. ,l„m, Liitken, M.S. (non John.ton). 
 Kunepktkyn gloi rata, V>.mll (1869). 
 Ammothm L'tllcuu, Marenzeller (1878). 
 Alciionium Lutkeni, Vprrill ( 18"!t). 
 
 " Several .pecimew of a speciei agreeing perfectly with Greenland speci- 
 men, sent to me under the" M.S. n..m^ Alcyoniu,n ,j!o,neratum, "by Dr. 
 Ohr. Lutken, wert» dredged in 52 fathoms. oflF Halifax, X.S., by the U S 
 P»h Co-nm^aion, in 1877 " (Verrill, XdU). « Several g.>ud specimens have 
 been obtained and predated to the U. S. Fish Commis.,ion by the Gloucester 
 fishermen, from the deep-fi,hing banks oflF Nova Scotia • (Verrill, 11^83). 
 
 PSECDAXOSI.\. 
 Family Briareiiiie. 
 
 ANTHOTHEC.V fiUA.VDIFLOHA (SaPs). 
 
 BriartHm <jmwli_Horum, Sars. 
 Anthothelagrandijtim, Verrill (18r»). 
 
 I. .'•w"/r''"' *"" '^" "''"''°'*' '" '*'*™' ''"'"«^ by the Gloucester 
 halibut fishermen, in deep water, off Nova Scotia, ami presented to the U. 8 
 F»h Commission." " It was first obta ned by Capt. N. McPhee and c«w 
 of the schooner Carl Schurz, off Sal)le Island " ( Verrill). 
 
 Pabagohgia arbohea (L). 
 
 Alryonium arborrum, L. (1*58). 
 
 Briartiintarborcum.V- IS). 
 
 Pamijorgia ar'^rea, I ' H.time (1837). 
 
 Bay of Fundy Dr. W. Wo«<: im). Abundant in deep water 
 
 off Nova Scotia (Verr.il, 187^ C ..ndian Naturalist, Second Series, vol.v,,, 
 p. 4<d). ■' 
 
 A.MFERA. 
 
 Family laidrF. 
 Ceratoisis 0B.VATA, Verrill. 
 
 Keratoitii ornata, Verrill (1878). 
 Ctratoiiit ornata, Vtrrill (1883) 
 
 "Two specimens were taken by Mr. Philip Merchant, of the schooner 
 Manon, off Sable Island, N.S., in a' out 250 fathoms, on a trawl line " 
 
S3 
 
 (Verrill, 1878). Several other specimenii hove subsequently been obtained 
 by otlier vessels of the Gloucester tishing fleet, from the banks of Nova 
 Scotia, where it occurs in 200 to 300 fathoms (Verrill, 1883). 
 
 ACANELLA NOBMANI, Verrill. 
 
 Aatnellanrlminuta, Norman (l«r«) ; non Johnston (1882) fide Verrill. 
 Acantlla Nurmani, Verrill {1878). 
 
 "Two fine specimens of this elegant species were obtained by Mr. 
 Merchant" oflr 8able Island "with tbeprecedingspeciea."" A third specimen 
 was brought in by Mr. M.J. Murphy, from Banquereau, in the same region. 
 " The species was first described by Norman from a specimen collected off the 
 coast of Greenland, in 410 fathoms, by the Valorous Exped.won, in 1875," 
 (Verrill, 1878). " It has been brought in in co'.aiderable numbert and in 
 many lots, from the deep fishing grounds off Nev. rovudUnd and Nova Sootia, 
 by the Gloucester halibut fishermen" (Verrill, 188 ;. 
 
 Family Primnoida. 
 Frimnoa reseda (Pallas). 
 
 tSorgimia reaeria, Pallas (1766). 
 
 Uorgm.ia lepadifera, L. (1767). 
 
 Primnoa lepadifera, Lamoumux (!816) ; et auct. 
 
 Primnoa rcieda, Verrill (1864). 
 
 Mouth of the Bay of Fundy, in deep water (Verrill, 1864). " Fine speci- 
 mens of Primnoa resfda and Paragorgia arborea are often taken in the same 
 region from which Ceratouia omata and Acanella Normani were obtained, 
 (i.e., off Sable Island) a-i well as from the depression between St. George's 
 and I^ Have banks in 100 to 200 fathoms. One of the specimens of Paror 
 gorgia presented to us is over three feet high, and some of Primnoa are 
 neariy as tall " (Verrill, 1878) " On the outside of Brown's Bank, off 
 southern Nova Scotia, at srveral stations " in 1883, "the Albatross dredged in 
 101 to 131 fathoms, a number of good specimens of the great bush-coral, 
 Primnoa Upadifira, thus accurately fixing one of its localities" (Verrill, 
 1885). The species has also been recently found in the North Pacific, on 
 the coast of British Columbia. 
 
 Family Muriceido', 
 AcAXTiioGORiiiA armata, Verrill. 
 
 1878. Amcr. .Joum. He. and Arts, Thin! Series, vol. xvi., p. 376. 
 " Several fine .specimens have l)een brought from the deep fi.'^ing banks 
 off Nova Scotia and Newfoundland by the Gloucester fishermen, uring the 
 past four years, and presented to the •■'!. 8. Fish Commission. "The 
 o 
 
u 
 
 flrtt specimen wm Uken off Novf. Scotia, in 300 fathoms, by Captain T. 
 Goodwin, s^ hooner Elisha Crowell " (Verrill, 1883). 
 
 Paramuricea borealis, Verrill. 
 J S7a Ibid, p. 213. 
 " A number of specimens have been obtained by the Gloucester fishermen, 
 from the fishing banks off Nova Scotia, in deep water " (Verrill, 1883). 
 
 Paramuricea orakdis, Verrill. 
 
 1888. Bull. Mui. Comp. Zool., vol. xi., p. 87. 
 " Several fine examples, some of them ot large size, have been brought 
 from the fishing banks off Nova Scotia by the Gloucester fishermen, and pre- 
 sented to the U. S. Fish Commission " (Verrill, 1883). 
 
 stblechotokba. 
 
 Family AnthoptUidtr. 
 
 Anthoptilum oraxdiflorum, Verrill. 
 
 Yirgvlaria grands/tora, Verrill (1879). 
 Anthoptilum grandiJUrrum, Verrill (1882). 
 
 Grand Bank, Western Bank, Banquereau, Sable Island Bank and Le Have 
 Bank, taken by Gloucester fishermen and presented to the U. S. Fish 
 Commission (Verrill, 1882 and 1883). Common off Nova Scotia (Verrill 
 1885). 
 
 (A. Murrayi, Kolliker, was described from specimens dredged 'oy F M.S. 
 Challenger, at Station 50, off Nova Scotia, in 1,250 fathoms, just outside of 
 the area included within the limits of this pap<T.) 
 
 Funiculina armata, Verrill. 
 
 1878. Amer. Joiirn. Sc. and Arts, Third ScriMi, vol. xvii., p. 240. 
 " Taken on a trawl line in 300 to 400 fathoms, alwut forty miles south- 
 west from the N.W. light of Sable Island, N.S., by George K. Allen, 
 sohoaner M. H. Perkins (Verrill, 1879). " Other specimens were after- 
 wards brought in by the Gloucester fishermen from the fishing banks off 
 Nova Scotia" (Verrill, 1883). 
 
 Family Virgularido;. 
 Virgdlaria Lycnomani, Kolliker. 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, thirty miles N.E. of Cap des Hosiers, in 200 
 fathoms mud ; fifteen living specimens, whic! were dredged by the writer in 
 1872, and identified with this species by Professor Verri'' 
 
S6 
 
 BaLTICIKA FnfMARCRlCA (Ssrs). 
 
 rirguktria Finmarekiea, M. San (1836). 
 Battieina Finmankiea, Or»y; aiu) Vtrrill (1878). 
 
 " Between Sable Island and Banquereau, N.8., taken on a trawl line, with 
 Ptnnatula borealit" (Venill, 1878). " Since received from the Gloucester 
 fisherman from the outer slopes of the Grand Bank and from all the banks 
 oflF the Nova Scotia coaHt in 60 to 100 fathoms" (Verrill, 1882), 
 
 Family Pennatulida. 
 Pbnnatula acclkata, Danielssen. 
 
 Pennatula acultata, Danii'liten (IS-W). 
 Pennatula pkofpkorta, var. aeuleatu, Sam (1870). 
 Pmnntuln Canadeniiu, Whiteaves ( 1872). 
 
 Dredged by the S8. Speedwell of the U.S. Fish Commission, in 
 1877, about thirty miles south from Halifax, N.8., in 100 fathoms, fine, 
 <«mpact sandy mud (Verrill). " Grand Bank, St. Peter's Bank, Banquereau, 
 Western Bank, and other banks off Nova Scotia, in 60 to 300 fathoms " 
 (Verrill, 1882). 
 
 The Mme species had previously been dredged by the writer in 1871, 
 1872 and 1873, in abundance, living in the deep sea mud (from 160 to 200 
 fathoms) in the Gulf of St. Lawronce about half way between the Island of 
 Anticosti and the Gaspe peninsula. By far the larger number of examples 
 obtained in 1872 were cut in two transversely, at about the midlength, by 
 the scraper of the dredge, so that only the upper and polypiferous halves of 
 the specimens were found in the bag. This strengthens the idea that these 
 sea-pens live with the naked portion of the stem b'- -ied in the deep sea mud. 
 When living they are of a beautiful dark red or t trmine colour, 
 
 Pennatula (Ptilella) horealis (Sara). 
 
 Vennatult grandii, Khrtjber 32); non Pallas. 
 Pennatula Ijorealit. M. Sars (1& and Verrill (1878). 
 Ptilella boreaht, dray ; and Vcri .. (187!>). 
 Pennatula (PtiUUaj borralis, Verrill (1882). 
 
 " A fine large specimen of this species, taken on a trawl line between 
 Sable Island and Banquereau, N.S., was presented to the U.S. Fish 
 Commission by Captain J. W. Collins, of th', schooner Marion (Verrill, 
 1878). Several additional specimens of this species havo been received from 
 off Nova Scotia (Verrill, 1879). Taken by the Gloucester fishermen "in 
 120 to 350 fathoms, on the outer Mlopes of the Grand Bank, St. Peter'* 
 Bank, Western Bank, Banquereau, Saole Island Bank, Le Have Bank and 
 ' eorge's Bank, and presented to the U.S. Fish Commission " (Verrill, 1882). 
 
 H 
 
36 
 ZOANTHARIA. 
 CBRIAMTUIDBA. 
 
 Family Cvnanthidf. 
 Cbriaxthus BOREALia, Verrill. 
 
 1873. Amer. Journ. 80. uid Art», Third Hirien, voL v., p. fl. 
 East of Grand Manan Island, in 28 futhoms, two Urge speci mens, dredged 
 by Profewor Verrill in 1872. Large tubes of tbia species were dredged by 
 the writer, in 1871, 1872 and 1873, in the Oulf ot St. Lawrence, between 
 Anticoeti and the Oasp^ {-ninsula, in 200 fathomi. mud, but only one small 
 living specimen, about an inch long, was taken. 
 
 ZOANTniDEA. 
 
 Family Zoanthxdw. 
 Epizoanthus INCBUSTATC8 (Duben and Koren). 
 
 MammiUifera ineruMtata, Duben and Koren (1847). 
 
 XoatUkut inenutadw, Sara (1880). 
 
 SpizoantKut Amtrintnut, Verrill (1864). 
 
 Xpizoanthut eaneriKciui, Hertwig (1888) ; not of Studer (1878). 
 
 Xpizoanthiu ineruilatia, Haddon and Sbackleton (1891). 
 
 Taken by the U. 8. Fish Commission, in 1872, in the Bay of Fundy, in 
 40 to 109 fathoms ; in 1877, off Nova Scotia, in 50 to 190 fathoms. The 
 Gloucester fishermen often brought it in from the various fishing banks off" 
 Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, in 100 to 300 fathoms, 1878-80. Off Grand 
 Manan, in 40 to 50 fathoms, on shells covering Eupagurus, and in 109 
 fathoms, on rocks (Verrill). By the Challenger Expedition it was dredged 
 in 1873, at Station 49, off Nova Scotia, in 85 fathoms. In the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, one specimen of the inoru«ting variety waH dredged by the writer 
 off Charleton Point, Anticosti, on a small atone, in 1871 ; and one, also on 
 a small atone, off Cape Gaspe, in 30 fathoms, in 1872. 
 
 Epizoanthus PAr.uRiPHiLUs, Verrill. 
 
 1882. Amer. .lourn. Sc. and .Vrts, Third St'ries, vol. Sxilt., p. 137. 
 " A few specimens taken by the Gloucester halibut fishermen, in deep 
 water, off Nova Scotia, and by ouraelves in 1880. The coenenchyma of this 
 species at first invests small univalve shells, occupied by Parapagunts 
 pilotimanua, but finally grows far larger than the shell, and eventually 
 absorbs it" (Verrill). 
 
S7 
 
 EDWAB08IIDBA. 
 
 Family Edwardtiadir. 
 Edwardsia SIPUHCULOIDES, Htimpson. 
 
 Aetinia tiputumloulti, Stiiiiiamn (18A3). 
 
 Sdwanltia tipimeuloidf (Stiminun M. S.) ; Vrrrill I1KA4). 
 
 Gr»nd]Manao, " at low-water mark, adheriAg by its very omall base to a 
 large atone; only one specimen " (StimpMon). 8.S.W. of the east point of 
 Prince Edward Island ; one specimen, dredged by the writer in 1873, and 
 sinoe determined by Professor Verrill. Henley Harbour, Strait of Belle 
 Isle, in 4 fathoms (Packard). 
 
 EnwARDsiA FARiNACBA, Verrill. 
 
 186U. Amer..Touni. iic. and Art*, Second Serim, vol. ILVIII., p. IIH. 
 " Bay of Fundy, 8 to 90 fathoms " (Verrill). 
 
 ACTINIIDBA. 
 
 Malactiniffi. 
 
 Family Ilyanlhida. 
 
 Peachia PARASITICA, Verrill. 
 
 1866. Proc. Boaton Sue. Nat. Hitt., vol. X., |>. 338. 
 " Capo Cod to Bay of Fundy, on Cyanea arclica ' (Verrill). 
 
 Family Actinidtr. 
 Metridium dianthus (Ellis). 
 
 Aetinia iliarUhm, Ellin (17ti7) ; and .Tuhnstoi (1847). - 
 
 Aetinia pluinom, MuUer (177G). 
 
 iletridiuiadianthut, Oken (181.5). 
 
 Actinia marginata^ l^esueur (1817). 
 
 Metridium umrginatum, Milne Kdwards (1857). 
 
 Actinia dianthut, StimpHon (18&J) ; and Dawson (1858). 
 
 Actinoloba dianthui, (iosne (1860). 
 
 Metridium dianthus, Verrill (1883). 
 
 Professor Verrill, who calls this species the " Fringed Actinia," says that 
 it is the " most abundant species along the whole coatit of New England and 
 the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova .Scotia." It io also by far the 
 commonest species of sea anemone in the (>ulf of St. Lawrence, and according 
 to Packard, it occurs as far to the northward as Hquare Island, on the 
 
 ■I 
 
 ss 
 
M 
 
 in depth, from low w.f r to 90 f.thom.. I- the .ynonymy of ihi. .Li^ 
 Saoartia acahiula, Venill. 
 
 1888. Bull. Miu. Comii. Zool., vol. ii, p. 4fl. 
 " A 8m.ll orangeKjoIoured ipeoie., with numerous long .lender tentacW 
 
 many lo«liti.. on the E«t CW ..* the United Sute. in deep w.ter " and 
 Srnd"Z:'^;?LV "''"^ V-n..o.N„v.Scoti.«df.„the 
 
 CHONORACTiNtA NODOHA, (Fabrioius). 
 
 ^rtm« Wa«, O. KAbriciu, (1780) , but n,.t UrOrina n„do^ VerriU 
 (1»7S„ nor ^fhnai<ff« nodom, Verrill (1883) ; fide McMuirich. 
 
 !? iJ ^^ ''^ ^•'^' "* Actina,^, nodosa (Fabrioius) is 
 
 rZ^r?.1 " -li^-f 'JL*'""' '"^■-' *° "'•"='' ^ »•-- «*-» ^h" -- ^ 
 
 f I'- u ' "*• ""**•' ^''- '"**«"'''»» » in all proUbility Fabrioius' 
 
 foro.. wh.oh « properly called Vl^naraclinia n.„o«,. According to v3 
 AcHnange nodosa^ var. lujerculca ha. " often Wn brought in from various 
 
 Jlt^^"^:'^.^ '' ''' ^- ^- '--' ^-^•"^- ^-^ '••« ^>-" '^ Maine 
 AcTiNACOR Verrillii, McMurrich. 
 
 Vriicina nodosa, Verrill (1873). 
 Aetinauffe nodoKi, Vprrill (!--!.•!). 
 Actinauj/e rerrillii, McMiirncii (18M). 
 
 Taken by the U. S. Fish Comminsion in the Bay of Fundy. in 50 to 150 
 fathoms, and off Nova 8cotia. in 50 to 1 10 fathoms. " The Gloucester fisher 
 men have brought ,t in from a large number of localities, on all the f^hi' 
 banks, from Georges to the Grand Bank, in 30 to .JOO fathoms. It is pa « 
 cularly common on the stony bottom, of the Le Have Bank. Western Bank' 
 and Banquereau, off No« Scotia" (Verrill. 188,.). Specimens that hT^ 
 been identified w.th Actinia nodosa, Fabrioius, by Verrill, but that a" 
 
•pp»rrntly identical with othere that have lince been deacribed by McMu."- 
 rich under the name A. VtrriUii, were dredged '<y the writer in 1H71, in 
 the Gulf of St. Lawrence, off Cbarleton Point, Anticoati, in 112 fathomi; 
 and about half way between Point dea Mont* and the we«t end of Trinity 
 Bay, in 06 fathomi. 
 
 AcTiNAUiiB NKXILM, Verrill. 
 
 IfHS. Hull. .Miu. Cnmii. 2»<il., vul. \i, p. 56. 
 " NumerouH Mpecimena, from the variouN fUhing banks off Newfoundland 
 and Nova Scotia, have been brought in by the Oloucester tiiihernien." Tbeie 
 are all oi. Balticina, and mostly from 200 to .'<00 fathoms " ( Verrill). 
 
 Family Cribrinidir. (Ehrenherg, teste McMurrich).* 
 Griuhina stblla (Verrill). 
 
 Bunoda rtrlln, Verrill |18«4|. 
 
 Bunalet ipertabilii, Verrill (IM'D) ; nun ^((iniVf iptilabili; O. Fsbr. 
 
 Bunodaelit tUUa, Verrill (181«t). 
 
 Criiirina ntelUi, McMurrich, -M. 8. ;'lt01).t 
 
 Grand Manan, in crevices of rocks near low-water mark. Perhaps the 
 same as Actinia eoriac^a, Stimpson (Verrill). 
 
 Epioonactis fkcusda, Verrill. 
 
 1)W.». Anier. .r.nirti. Sc. and Arts, Fciurtli Serien, vol. vii., p. 37H. 
 "East of Banquereau, off Nova Hcotia, 150 fathoms, schooner Polar 
 Wave, lot 37, 187S, one specimen ; ofi Nova Scotia, 200 fathoms, Capt. John 
 Rowe, lot 35, one specimen " (Verrill). 
 
 UrTICIXA CBAS8IC0RNIS (Miiller). 
 
 Actinia craggicornig, Miiller (1776). 
 
 Urlieijui cmj»iV!<>nii», Khrenlierg (1834) ; et aiict. 
 
 Ttnlia fnu$ieornii, Uime (1858). 
 
 Le Have Bank, N.S., in 45 fathoms, U.S. Fish Commission, 1872 (Smith 
 and Harger). Specimens that were identified with this species, in 1873, by 
 Professor Verrill, were dredgetl by the writer in 1871, 1872, and 1873, at 
 several localities in the northern part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, at depths 
 of from 30 to 1 1 2 fathoms. 
 
 * 111 a letter to the writer, datwl April 8. KtOl. 
 t In the same letter. 
 
40 
 
 F»mUy Pnraclidn. 
 SronrMU oabkbou (Rtimpwm). 
 
 Attinia rnrntola, HlimtMiii 1 18ft3|. 
 iUoiiarditHi Daritni, V«mll (IWH). 
 BUmpkui raneola, Vrrrill (IWW). 
 
 OfMd M.n.n, "dmlg«l i„ 35 fathom, on the Hake Ground. Tho 
 
 ^!j.n 'Jl'^.'t^^' "' *^ •""" P«''W-"^8timi«on);B.y „f Fund, 
 O^ I.Und in 8 f«hoa.m gr-vell, b«tto,n. .nd .t 8<,o.« l.Und " 
 thick, .hort, Wunt Untile.. e«h with th.^ r«J oircal.r b.nd^ the ouUid, 
 
 LnnTs^^r'f'*'^ •""*'*'' "'"' "•-•'•">' d-p ml on .corneoa. 
 ground. Small ipeoiueni were wholly, red " (Packard). 
 
 AcrnronoLA callosa, Verrill. 
 
 Vrtleitia tallota, Verrill (1H82). 
 Aeiiimtola eaUota, Verrill (1883). 
 
 Dredged by the U. 8. FUh Commi«ion off Nova Scotia in 1877 "It 
 ^ alw been taken on George'. Bank and the variou. fi.hint bankx off 
 Nova 8cot«. .„ 46 to 300 fathom., by the Gloucter fl.hermen. in con.ider 
 able number. "(Verrill. 1883). v«u.iuer 
 
 AcnxERNUB NOBiLis, VerrilL 
 
 1879. Amer. Joum. He. and Art., Third Serie., v<,l. xvii., p. 474. 
 
 (*5^r^lf?87*r"r '' '• I'l''-"^^^'- '■ W- Collins, schooner Irion" 
 1885)^ "t-o-mon off Nova Scotia in 200 to 300 fathomn- (Verrill 
 
 SvNANTiius MiHAuiLis, Verrill. 
 1879. Op. cit. nupra., p. 474. 
 
 in 2M°5ol!th*'"' P'r^'"V'^'««' by Captain Collins, off Sable Island. 
 «n 200.250 fathoms, and on Banque««u, N.S., in about 200 fathom. ■ and 
 
 fZ^rnt ^- "^'-- '" '«-■ "^ ^- «-- ^" -0 to S 
 
4t 
 
 P«lllily Btdoe*ridir. 
 
 BOLOTRRA TURUI.R (Johiuton). 
 
 ^rtiitxi TuMur, .UMmUrn (IH82). 
 AiUhm THHliif, .lohn>l<in IIM47). 
 Boheera THtdia, ( tcww ( 1N«MI) ; mhI Vrrrill ( 1H7S). 
 
 Dradgad by the U. H. FUh Cumniiiiaiun, " Rinm 1872, in th« d«<«|Mr p*rt« 
 of th« B«7 of Fundy and olF Nov* Sootiii, in 50 to 100 fathoin*. A few ipeci- 
 maiii have been brought from the tiHbing bank*, off Nova Hvutia, by the 
 Ulonoeater flshermen " (Verrill. 1H03). 
 
 (InetrUr ledin.) 
 ACTINOniM WlllTKAVKMII, Vemll. 
 
 WTO. 
 
 Prcliiii. Chrck Liit Mw. Intcrt. Atlantic CuMt, ftc. 
 (Naniriinly.) 
 
 Ottlf of St Lawrence, about half way between the 8.W. Point of AnticOHti 
 and the Ga«p4 peninnulii, in 200 fathoms, mud : a single living upecimen, 
 dredged by the writer in 1872. 
 
 8CLERACTINI>F. (MaDREPORARIA). 
 
 Family Turbinolido: 
 Flabilluh Uoodbi, Verrill. 
 
 IH78. Amrr. .luum. He. and .Vrta, Thinl .'^rin, viil. xvi., |i. 377. 
 
 "Taken by Gloucester fishermen from near the Urand Bank, Hanquereau, 
 Sable Island Bank and east uf George's Bank, in 160 to 400 fathoms," and 
 presented to the I'. S. Fish Commission (Verrill). 
 
 In 1873, two dead, blenched and very imperfect specimens of a possibly 
 undescribed species of Flahdlum were dredged by the writer at two different 
 and widely distant localities in the Uulf of St. Lawrence. One of these 
 specimens was taken between the 8.W. Point of Anticosti and the Gasp^^ 
 peninsula, in 200 fathoms, mud ; and the other about half way between 
 East Cnpe, Anticosti, and the Bird Hocks, in 31.') fathoms, mud. 
 
 Flaiirllum anodlark, Moseley. 
 
 1876. 
 ISMO. 
 
 Pnw. Ruysl S<w., I^md., p. S."!*'!. 
 
 H.M.S. ChallcntK'r l{i'|K>rti<, '/.mtVi^y, veil, ii., p. lf!4. 
 
 H.M.3. Challenger, Station 50, off Nova .«lcotiu, in l,2r)0 fathoms 
 (Moseley). Since dredged by the SS. Albatross, of the U. .S. Fish Com- 
 
1 
 
 I 
 
 4S 
 
 T^' .^Jlir '*'**^'" oo-t ol ib. Uuitrf gUlM, i. 906 to 1,467 
 fotWi ( Verrillx b.t not yrt Uk.n io U,« .m mnhm,^ withl. (b. limit. 
 of tbia |M|wr). 
 
 DuHopRTiLt'H woHiL*, Varrill. 
 im. Aiwr. Juarn. Mo. uid Art.. Third MwiM, vol. mviii., p. Iflo. 
 "The onljr •pMiiMii known wm uli.n July IS, 1««4. on the Hton. Penw. 
 M. iton.,u«rMa, N.S.. in about 300 frthon.., by Michel CMpbell. of 
 Olouo«.t«r, Mm.." (V«rrill). "^ ^ 
 
 Fitniiljr Oentinidm. 
 LoPHOiuuA OCUI.IFEHA, Edfr«rdi and Haime. 
 •' A fr«gin«nt of a I..--., dmd but nwly frwh .|>eo. jen of tbi. coral 
 Uk«n about thirty-nine milM 8.H.W. fro. the N.W. Ught of HabU I.land' 
 WM F-^nUMl" to th« U.S. Fi-A CommiMion "by Denni. Thelnemy', 
 .choonor Wu, Thon.p«,„ " (V.rrill. 1878). "Two »p«,iu,en. have iJn 
 obuined by th^ Oloucter fl^hermen in deep water off the coMt of Nova 
 Scotia, and by them painted to the U. 8 Fi.h CominiMion ■ (Verrill, 
 
 CTENOPHOUA. 
 
 CTDIPPIUKA. 
 
 F^amily MerUnndtr. 
 Mektkn-.ia ovum (Fabriciud). 
 
 iliriwocMBi, (). Kiibrioiiiii(l7Ka). 
 
 MrrttHna eueullut, L. AfpM'ix (ISfli)). 
 
 McHrniia uvum, M.irch (1857) ; anil Huckurrt (1H»I7). 
 
 "Thi* species wm extremely abundant fn.m the Strait of Belle Tile 
 where there was flouting ice on the l»at of June " (1864) " to a. far north 
 « Hopedale," Labrador, in lat. 5.V 30'. "It waa not comu.only met with 
 in waters from which the ice had di«appear.>d " (Packard). 
 
 Family Pleurobrarfiiu/tr. 
 Plburoorachia hhododactvla, L. Agassiz. 
 
 B^ntpUtui, C). Kabriciu. (1780) : mm MulK t"«teL. Agunn. 
 Pleiiruhraehia thndodartyla, I,. Agamiz (18.%). 
 
 Grand Manan (Stironson) ; " very abundant in Casco Bay, Bay of Fundy 
 and Oulf of St. Uwrence" (Verrill, 1873). « Very abundant alx,ut East 
 Point, Anticosti. in July, 1861 " (Verrill); "observed but rarely at Little 
 Alecttttina Island, Oulf of St. Lawrence" (Packard). 
 
4S 
 
 LOHATA. 
 
 FMnily Itulinidt*, 
 
 WOUtK ALATA, AgWMix. 
 
 Orwiil Manan (Htimpwn) ; B«]r ol Kuinly (L AgMniz). 
 Bay, AnticMti, Jum- 2», 1861. Vory Mbundant" (Verrill). ' 
 »ny (HHhcr north ward " tb*n Antironti (Packard). 
 
 "N«ar Fo« 
 ' Not obaervtd 
 
 Family fioroiUir. 
 
 luYU lUNiRoLA, T^ Afituith. 
 
 Bay of Kuiiily (L Agannii); "very ubuntlant in the Hay of Fundy 
 and Gulf of St. Uwrenw " (Verrill. 1873). " Kiut Point, Anlicodti, »ery 
 abundant the flr«t of July," |M61 (Verrill). Abundant aloiiff the Labrador 
 cottMt, from Salmon Bay, on the north ithorf of the Oulf of H(. Lawrence, 
 ju»t insldn of the Strait of Belle Isle, to Cafie Webuc (Harrison) on the 
 AtUntic .■oMt (Packard). 
 
 
 EOHINODBRMATA. 
 
 CUFNOIDKA. 
 
 Family Autedunidti. 
 
 Antedon tenella (Retzius). 
 
 Ai-hriat tentlla, H«-Uiii« (17N3) ; Mf V. H. f 'ari.'iit.r. 
 
 Alertro lirntala, 8uy (Hi'i). 
 
 Alerlu Sumii, Ihiln-n imrf Kiinn (1.M4K). 
 
 AitlrHiiii tmrllii, V. H. Cartit-ntfr (INHN). 
 
 Kiom variouN localitii-s olf Nova Scotia, on tho fishinc grounds ( Verrill 
 
 1882). 
 
 A-ntkdon Ebchkiciitii (^Iiiller). 
 
 AUrIa fcV*riM«i, MuUw (1841 1, 
 Aninion Knchrirktii, l^jvtii {Wfi), 
 
 (irand Manan, "in 25 fathoms, on a shelly jfround, near Duck IsUnd " 
 (Stiuipson, one small upccimen, which Dr. P. H. Carpent..r thinks may have 
 been A. -/mdr'tla). I1..M.H. Challenaor, Station 48 (May 8, 187.1, on the 
 Le Have Bank, N.S., in 51 fathoms rock ; several specimens (Carpenter). 
 Dredged by the SS. Speedwell, of the U. S. Fish Commission, in 1877, about 
 
44 
 
 thirty miles wuth from Halifax V «J in inn « ^l 
 
 •«dy mud (VerrilJ. 1878) ' ' '*^ ''*''°""' *"•' «'">P«'*. 
 
 1884. 
 
 AiTTBDos dUADKATA, P. H. Carpenter. ' 
 
 1888. ^' S^^ ^ ^i"''- '"' '*^' P"*- »'»-'»"• 
 IMS. H.M.8. Challenger RepB., Zool., vol.. xxvi., ^ 149. 
 
 JIM.8. Challenger, Sution 48, on the Le Have Bank, N8 with the 
 P«K*d,ng .pecie^ «,veral specimens (Carpenter). ' 
 
 HOLOTHURIOIDEA. 
 
 AOTINOPODA. 
 
 Family Cucumarida:. 
 
 ' Uriat Sba Cdcohber." 
 
 Pbotacta trovdma (Jaeger). 
 
 f^l^'tilr**'; O™™"" (1767) : Md O. F.briciu. ,1780). 
 Pentacta/rondou, J«eger (18S3) ; ,nd Stimp«m (1863). 
 Cr«««««rv,/,„«|„«^ Forbei (1841) ; «.d H. Theel (1886). 
 
 0«nd Manan. « Nothing can exceed the profusion in which this specie. 
 
 JZH;^"!!, •^"'"^^^ -^ -««"y occc^lpied b/th?m The 
 Iwgest observed was mne inches in length and three wide. They arTusualll 
 
 met " ; ""f" ''°^*' •""' •"'•' '"^'"^ - y""-"" below CTj^'f. 
 Ta!^ K K"f°™"'"«'''y*"'°"- They always adhere by 0^^,^^ 
 
 ix^T'' 7 ^*P''«' ^*<«»»" hghthoase, in 7 fathoms, on a rockv bottom 
 (Whjteaves); and near Caribou Island (Packard^ AtUnf f 
 Hudson St^it at Po. B^rwell. Cape cZtCtu ^. '"'"""^ ^ 
 
 Pbntacta minuta (Fabricius). 
 
 Cuenmaria minuta, O. Fabriciiu (1780). 
 <knu$ Ayretii, .Stiniiimn (18.53). 
 Ptntacta minuta, Verrill (1868). 
 
 Grand Manan, "drriged on shelly bottoms in 2.5 fathoms" (Stimpson) 
 Oflf Nova Scotia, ,n 60-101 fathoms, SS. Albatross, of the U TTsh 
 Comm«s.on 188.S (Verrill). In their "Memoir on the Ech nc^'er^atTS 
 
 Mr. 81«len reganl P. rmnula as merely the young of P. Jrondo,a. 
 
48 
 
 Fbmtacta calciobra, Stimpaon. 
 
 Off Port Hood, Cape Breton Island, in 25 fathoms, red mud, two specimeni, 
 dredged by the writer in 1 87.1. These specimens were at one time referred to 
 Cueumaria ptntaeUs, but Profefsor Verrill regards them as unusually large 
 examples of P. etdeigera. Gulf of 8t Lawrence, on the north shore, at 
 Salmon Bay, near Caribou Island, in 15 fathoms sand, 1860 (Packard). 
 Nouh shore of the Strait of Belle Isle, at Belles Amours, common, in 8 
 fathoms mud ; and Atlantic coast of Labrador, at Cateau Harbour, in 16 
 fathoms, 1864 (Packard). 
 
 PSOLUS PHANTAPDS (L.) " SeA-CUCUMBEB." 
 
 Holotkvtria pKantaput, L. (1767). 
 Piolut pKantofui, Jaegxr {ll«3). 
 Pw/tu Itevigatiu, Ayns (1852). 
 
 Grand Manan, " common in 40 fathoms, attached to small stones, and 
 occasionally found at low-water mark. These were all small specimens. The 
 large ones seem to live buried among pebbles ; thus at Eastport, one was 
 dug from a depth of six inches in gravel. This measured thr« inches in 
 length " (Stimpson). Gulf and month of the River St. Lawrence, at many 
 localities, dredged by Sir J. W. Dawson, Dr. R. Bell and the writer. 
 
 
 LoPHOTHUBiA Fabbicii (Duben and Koran). "Sba Obamgb." 
 
 Holothuria iqwimaUi, O. Fabricins (1780). 
 CSnieria /Mrieii, Duben and Korvn (18+4). 
 Piolut t'abrieii, Lutken (1857). 
 Lopkolhuria Fabrieii, Verrill (1S66). 
 
 Grand Manan. " Small specimens were dred),'ed abundantly among nulli- 
 pores in 5 fathoms, and a number of very large ones were found attached 
 to the under surface of large shelving rocks in the fourth sub-region of the 
 littoral zone. The largest was four inches in length, while its tentacles had 
 a spread of nearly five inches and presented a beautiful area of bright red 
 waving plumes " (Stimpson). Found also at Grand Manan by Ludwig and 
 Verrill. Massachusetts Bay to (Jreenland (Verrill). Between Pictou Island, 
 N.8., and Cape Bear, P.E.I., Whiteaves (Verrill). Gulf and mouth of the 
 River St. Lawrence ; off Cap des Rosiers lighthouse, in about 9 fathoms, 
 (Whiteaves) ; very abundant at Little M^tis (Sir J. W. Dawson) ; and 
 at Esquimaux Bay, near Caribou Island, in 16 fathoms on pebbles, 
 (Packard). Henley Harbour, and Temple Bay, Labrador, in 8 to 10 fathoms, 
 Stearns' expedition (Miss Bush). 
 
 In his Report on the Holothurians of the H.M.8. Challenger, Dr. Th^l ciCM 
 L. tquamata (the Cuvieria tquamata of Duben and Koren, under the name 
 
Ptolui $quamatu4i) m having been taken in the Gulf of 8t Lawranoe by 
 Bell, and on the ooast of New En^^land by Verrill, but espreMei a doubt a* 
 to ita diatinctness from L. Fabrieii. 
 
 Thtonb 8CABRA, Vemll. 
 
 1878. Amer. Joum. So. uid Art», Third Seriea, vol v., p. 100. 
 " Bay of Fundy " (Verrill). 
 
 Tbyokididm productum (Ayre»). 
 
 Omila punetattk, L. Agauiz (1881) ; no deMniption. 
 Duatmodaetula pnduita, Ayiea (1852). 
 Tkymidium productum, Stimpaon (18S3). 
 
 Grand Manan. " This species is found in deep water, but occurs most 
 frequently under stones, or buried to a slight depth in gravel near low- water 
 mark " (Stimpaon). 
 
 % 
 
 Thtonidium pelluciduh (Fleming). 
 
 Bololhuria paiueida, Fleming (1828). 
 Cueunana kj/alina, Forbes (1841 )i 
 Tkifonidium Kgalinutu, Lutken (1807). 
 
 Murray Bay, Sir J. W. Dawson (Verrill). 
 
 Orcula Barthii, Trosohel. 
 
 Labrador, Troschel. 
 
 if 
 
 Family ifolpadiida. 
 
 EupvRQUs SCABIR, Lutken. 
 
 Between Port Hood, C.B., and the east point of Prince Edward Island ; 
 also oflF Bona venture Island, in 56 fathoms ; dredged by the writer in 1873 
 at the former locality, and in 1872 at the latter. Salmon Bay, near Caribou 
 Island, in 10 fathoms, sand, 1860 (Packard) ; and Long Island, Cateau Bay, 
 Labrador, in 15 fathoms, 1864 (Packard). 
 
 Trochostoma turoidum (Verrill). 
 
 Jfoipadw/urffiaa, Verrill (1879). 
 Troehoitnma turgidum, Theel (1886). 
 
 Bay of Fundy (Verrill and Smith, 1866) ; off Nova Scotia, 1877, U. 8. 
 Fish Commission (Verrill) ; and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Whiteaves (Verrill). 
 
47 
 TitooROiTOMA ooLiTicnM (Povrtsles). 
 
 Okindota oolUica, PourUlm (185S). 
 Troekottoma ootaieum, Theel (1885). 
 
 Between Port Hood, C.B., and the east point of Prince Edward Island, 
 in red mud, Whiteaves, 1873 (Verrill). 
 
 Caudina arenata, Stimpson. 
 
 Milne Bank, Northumberland Strait, four or five specimens ; and Pointe 
 du ChSne, Shediac Bay, N.B., at low water, one specimen, collected by the 
 writer in 1873. 
 
 PARACTISOPODA. 
 
 Family Synaptidm. 
 CniRODOTA LATI8 (O. Fabricius). 
 
 Bolothuria lavit, O. Fabriciiu (1780). 
 Simapta eoriacea, L. Agiuuiz (1851). 
 TrorJiinuM pallidu; Ayivs (1852). 
 Ckirodota lnvu, Stimpson (1853). 
 
 " This species is fully and well described by Otho Fabricius, and his 
 account of its habits applies precisely to those of our species, as I have often 
 observed at Grand Manan. It lives iu the stony mud of the shores of 
 these islands, buried to a depth of a few inches, usually in a horizontal 
 position. It is found at low-water, but is most abundant at a depth of 4 
 or 5 fathoms " (Stimpson). ' Craig's Ledges, Passamsquoddy Bay, about 
 four miles from St. Andrews, lowest tides, abundant" (Canong, 1884). 
 Gulf of St Lawrence, near Ellis Bay, Anticosti, under rocks at low water 
 (Verrill, 1861) ; and Salmon Bay, near Caribou Island, in 10 fathoms, sand, 
 1860 (Packard). Atlantic Coast of Labrador, at "Temple Bay, in 5 
 fathoms ; Fox Harbour, in 1 fathom ; Dead Island, near Jquare Island, in 
 2 to 4 fathoms ; " Stearns expedition, (Miss Bush). 
 
 MvRiOTBOCHrg RiNKii, Steenstrup. 
 
 Myriotroekut Jiinkii, Ste«nstnip (1852). 
 (?) OligotrocKxu vUreun, M. Htn (1866). 
 ilgriotrochut x^reru, Duncan and Sladen (1881). 
 
 A few specimens of this arctic species were dredged by the writer, in 1873, 
 in the Gulf of St. I^awrence, in 50 fathoms, nine miles and a half south-east 
 of Grand Pabou (a little to the north of the Bale des Chaleurs), and at the 
 entrance to Oasp^ Bay. Packard, who had previously dredged it on the 
 
48 
 
 Labrador coast in 1864, lays: thU " beautiful speoiM first occurred in abun- 
 dance in patchoe of aand on a stony bottou in 7 fathoms at the anchorage 
 in Domino Harbour. It was afterwards found commonly in 15 to SO fathoms 
 at Square Island ; also at Thomas Bay, 15 fathoms, sand; L^^ug Island, 
 Sandwich Bay, 15 fathoms, sand." 
 
 8TELLER0IDEA. 
 ASTEROIDEA. 
 PHANKROZONU. 
 
 Family ArehtuUridnt. 
 PoNTASTBR HBBITCI, Sladeu. 
 
 Arehtuttr lenuupinu4, VerriU (1879) : " perhaps not of Duben and Koren." 
 PonUtiUr hebitiu, Sl»d«n (1889). 
 
 " Bathymetrical range, 85 to 250 fathoms." This species is known only 
 from the banks of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. " It is very closely 
 allied to P. tenuijfnnui of northern Europe, if not identical " (Verrill, 1896). 
 
 PsBDDARCHASTBR INTIRMSDIUB, Sladen, var. iNBioNis, Verrill. 
 
 189(5. Amer. Journ. 3c. and Arts, Third Series, voL xux, p. 1S2. 
 
 Bathymetrical range, 100 to 1356 fathoms. Nova Scotia to N. lat 40' 
 09' 30" " (Verrill). 
 
 Family Poredlanatteridce. 
 Ctenodiscds CRI8PATC8 (Retzius). 
 
 A- -tntut, Retzius (1805). 
 
 ' ■'»!<««, Duben and Koren (1844). 
 
 OIctk, itn. .iculatiii, Perrier (1875). 
 
 " This fine starfish is by no means rare in New England, although not 
 yet noted by our naturalists. At Urand Manan it occurred on muddy 
 bottoms in 50 and 60 fathoms " (Stimpson). In his Handbook of Zoology, 
 publiHhed in 1870, Sir J. W. Dawaon says that it has been found on the 
 " coast of Nova Scotia." It is one of the most characteristic starfishes of 
 the greatest depths of the Oulf of St. Lawrence. Living specimens of it 
 were dredged hy the writer,in 1871, off Bear Head, Antioo8ti,in 120 fathoms; 
 in 1872 and 1873, at several localities to the south and south-east of Anti- 
 costi, in 108 to 220 fathoms; and in 1873, one large specimen was dredged 
 at the entrance to Oaap^ Bay, in 60 fathoms. Verrill says that it ranges in 
 
49 
 
 depth froo, 5 to 632 fathom,, but that it is most abundant from 50 to 1 60 
 fathom., .!«, that it ha. boen " taken at namerou. ,ution. in Maswwhuiett. 
 Bay, Bay of Fundy, 4c." and that it "extend, to Greenland, Spilzbergen. 
 and northern Europe." *^ «»^8»"i 
 
 Family Attropeetinida. 
 LEPTOpryoHAaTBR arcticus (M. Saw). 
 
 Attnpeeten aniictu, M. Sara (1861). 
 ArrkaHer arcticiu, Verrill (1878). 
 Ltptoptyekatttr antieiti, SUden (1889). 
 
 Dredged by the 8S. Speedwell, of the U. 8. Fuh Commi«ion. in 1877 
 •bout thirty mile, .outh of Halifax. N.8., in 100 fathom., fine, compact! 
 Mndy mud (Verrill, 1878). *^^ 
 
 PsiLASTKR Fi,0R.E, Verrill. 
 
 ArehaHer Flora, Verrill (1878). 
 Pnlaiter flora, Verrill (1894). 
 
 Dredged by the SS. Speedwell, in 1877, with the preceding. " It ha. al«> 
 been wnt by the Gloucester fi.hermen, from several localities on the various 
 bank, off Nova Scotia, in 60 to 230 fathoms" (Verrill, 1878). 
 
 Family Pentagoniatteritke. 
 TOSIA ORAMDLABiS (Retziwi). 
 
 Aitcriat ffranularit, Retaiiu (1783). 
 
 AUrogonium i;mnularr. Mailer uul TroKhel (1842). 
 
 Pentagonatter ffnmularii, Perrier (1876). 
 
 Tona granularit, Verrill ( 
 
 Off Halifax. Nova ScotU (Si. J. W. Dawson, 1870). Dredged by the 
 88. Speedwell, in 1877, with the two preceding species, and taken also by 
 Gloucester fishermen on the banks off Nova Scotia (VerriU). It seems to be 
 a circnmpolar species, as a fine specimen was dredged by Dr. G. M. Dawson 
 in 1885. in 40 fathoms, off the mouth of the Qualicum Hiver, in the Strait 
 of Georgia, B.C. 
 
 To«A RxmiA, Verrill. 
 
 Ptnlngonatler eximitu, Verrill (1894). 
 Toiia eximia, Verrill (1899). 
 
 "This species was taken by the SS. AlUtPoss." of the U S Fish Com 
 mission, "in 1883. off Le Have Bank, at Station 2064." in 122 fathoms; 
 
ii 
 
 M 
 
 Md in 1888 off Nov* SootU, at StaUon 2507, N. Ut 44" 27' 30" W long 
 
 f^',"' „T^*" ^ '"*'"""•• "-^ ""«'« "'*«''»•" ^ obtidned .t e.cb 
 locality" (Veirill, 1894). 
 
 Family iln<A«n«t(/<i!. 
 HIPPASTBBIA PHRVoiAtCA (Parelius). 
 
 AtttriatphtngiaiM, P»relim (1770). 
 
 Atttriat equtitrit, Peniunt (1776). 
 
 Hippatttria plana, Oray (1841). 
 
 <ioniat>tr equftru, Torim {\Hn). 
 
 Attrogonium pkr/vianum, Mullerand Trowbfl (1842). 
 
 BippaMeria pkrtigiana, ARuaii (18«8]. 
 
 Grand Manan, "a large tpt^m^n wa. taken off Duck Island, in the 
 corallme zone " (Stimpson). The speoies has since been dredged at the same 
 tecriity by Dr. J. W. Fewkes, in 1889. Sir J. W. Dawson, in his Hand- 
 book of Zoology (1870) records its occurrence on the coast of Nova 3cotia, 
 
 ?f 7T ! *" ^*" '*"**• *•"* ** "" ^^«^ ^y »»«' S8. Speedwell of the 
 U. 8. Fish Commission, "in 1877, about thirty miles south of Hall- 
 ««,in 100 fathoms.':* Still later, in 1895, he says that its bathymetrical 
 range w from 20 to 224 fathoms ; in one instenco, off Georges Bank, in 471 
 fathoms, but that it U most common from 50 to 150 fathoms. He adds 
 that it ha.s been "taken at numerous stations in Massachusetts Bay, off 
 Cape Ann, Gulf of Maine, Bay of Fundy, and off Nova Scotia, on hard 
 bottoms. It occurs also on the European coasts and in the Arctic Ocean. 
 "No other species of the genus is known."t 
 
 Family Asterinidoe. 
 Tremastbr nirabilir, Verrill. 
 1879. Pioc. U. S. N»t. Mu«., vol. ii., p. 201. 
 
 "Bathymetrical range. 150 to 250 fathoms, rare. Known only from the 
 banks of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, frc^i N. lat. 47° 6' to near 
 Georges Bank. " All the specimens have been r* ived from the Gloucester 
 fishermen. No other species of this remarkable genus is known " (Verrill 
 1896). * 
 
 • American Journal of Science and Arta, Third tieriet, vol. xvi., p. 373 
 t Idem., Third Seriei, vol. xux., p. 137. 
 
51 
 
 CBTPTOZONIA. 
 
 Family SoUuteridtr. 
 
 SOLABTBR BSDBCA (Retxius). " PuRPLB SUK 8tAR." 
 
 AUerUu etideea, KaUiua (1783). 
 SMater endtea, Forbe* (1839) ; et »nct. 
 
 Grand Manui, " abundant on the rocks at low-water mark in tha summer, 
 at some locaUtias, but the specimrna are always small and never more than 
 half grown. The large individuals, some of which are a foot in diameter, 
 are found only in deep water, chiefly in the laminarian lone" (Stimpson). 
 Common in the Bay of Fundy, from low-watcr to 80 fathoms and oflF Cape 
 Cod, in 26 to 50 fathoms (Verrill). Pendleton's Island reefs, and Bar 
 Island, at the mouth of L'Etang Harbour, N.B. (Oanong). Taken on all 
 the fishing banks off Nova Scotia, in 40 to 160 fathoms (Verrill). Common 
 at many localities in the Gulf and mouth of the River St. Lawrence, where 
 it has been collected by Sir J. W. Dawson, the writer, and others. Long 
 Island, Cateau Bay, Ubrador, in 15 fathoms, rare, with Crossaiter pappoM 
 (Packard^. It occurs on the coast of Greenland and northern Europe and 
 is probably circumpolar (Verrill). 
 
 SOLASTBR Sybtkkcii;,, Verrill. 
 
 1894. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. v,.| xvii., p. 271. 
 
 "Taken by the U. S. Fish Commission off Cape Cod (Sta. 264) in 80 
 fathoms; and off Cape Sable, N.S., in 101 f»thoms (Sta. 85, 86, 1877). 
 " Several specimens, received from the Gloucester fishermen, were taken on 
 the fishing banks from George's to Banquereau, N.S." (Verrill, 1895). 
 
 SoLASTBR Earlii, Verrill. 
 
 1879. Amer. Jonm. Sc. and Art.<, Third Series, vol. xvir., p. 473; 
 and (1896) ibid., vol. XLix., p. 200. 
 
 "Brought by the Gloucester fishermen from several of the banks off 
 Nova Scotia and Newfoundlanl, from N. lat. 45° 25' to George's Bank ; 
 taken mostly in 170 to 300 fathoms " (Verrill, 1895). The species " U allied 
 to S. Dawtoni, Verrill," which was described in the Report of Progress of the 
 Geological Survey of Canada for 1878-79, p. 193b, from a 'i^imen dredged 
 by Dr. G. M. Dawwjn in 1878, at Virago Sound, Graham IsUnd, B.C., in 
 from 8 to 16 fathoms. 
 
 4i 
 
SI 
 
 Cromaitu pappmui (O. F*brioiu»). " Oomxon Svn Star." 
 
 -4»ter»o«^|i|«o«, O. F»hriciiu(17N0). 
 
 tolaltr poppoiin, Forlw* ( 1830). 
 
 0roua4l»r pa/ipuiu, MulUr and Tnwhel (VHO). 
 
 The Common Sun SUr, with iu twelve to fifteen n,,. i. widely diatrib- 
 uted on both -ide. of the North AtWtic. On the North Americn .ide of 
 tl»t ooeM It it known to range from MMwchuietU fi., to Greenland and 
 to depth from low-water mark to 179 fathom^ u.ually. if not alwayt, on a 
 hard bottom. Stimpmn found it, but not very abundantly, at Grand 
 Manan ; Ganong on the reef, around Pendleton'. Island, in PaeMmaquoddv 
 Bay, and at L'Btang Harboar. Charlotte Co., N.B. ; and Verrill Jy. that 
 it has been found on all the fishtog ground, off Nova Scotia. In the Gulf 
 and mouth o« the River St. Lawrenoe it ha. been oolleoted at or near low- 
 water m-rk, or dredged, at many localities by ^ir J. W. DawK>u 
 OM, Packard, and the writer , and in the Strait of fielle lale and 
 Atiaatio ooaet of Labrador by Packard and the Stearn. expedition 
 
 Sir J. W. Dawion wya that it h«i been found foMil in the Le la cUy at 
 Montreal, and in the Pleietooene at Grawia Creek, near OtUwa. 
 
 LopHAaru pobcipbb (Duben and Konn). 
 
 SoUuttr ftmiftr, Dubai >nd Konm (1844). 
 tofkater furtifer, Verrill (1878). 
 
 •• Bathymetrical range. 234 to 640 fathom." (180 fathom^ 1883, George'. 
 BMk). <• IUr« ; chiefly northern ; it occur, in moderate depth, in the Gulf 
 Of Maine and off the Nova Scotia coaet " (Verrill, 1896). 
 
 Family Ptereutm-ido'. 
 
 PrutAnKR PDLVILLU8, M. Sar* 
 
 " ^y »' Fundy, 20 &.thom. ; " and " banks off Nova Scotia «»d New- 
 fonndland " (Verrill, 1895). 
 
 PTkrasteb militaris (Muller). 
 
 Ateriai mUitarit, Miiller (1776). 
 
 Pteraiter mUUaru, Muller and Tronohel (1842). 
 
 Firrt diMovered on the American side of the Atlantic by Dr. Stimpwn 
 who dredged three specimen, in the Hake Bay, Grand Manan I.land, in 35 
 fathoms, shelly ground, in 1852. Verrill, in 1806, wy, that the specie, is 
 common in the Bay of Fundy, in 10 to 50 fathoms. In the Gulf of St 
 Lawrence specimens of it wer« dredged by the writer in 1871, on the north 
 8hore, offSawhill Point, in 69 fathom.; in 1872, eight miles wuth-east of 
 Bonaventure Island, in 56 fathoms ; and in 1873, on the Orphan Bank 
 
09 
 
 FMniljr Eehinaittridir. 
 Cribrblla pkctikata, VwrilL 
 
 1894. Proc. r. 8. N»t. Mu«.. vol. .xvii., ji. 27t<. 
 
 B*jr of Fund J, in •hallow water, aboat 2C fathonii (Verrill, 1895). 
 Criiirilla SASouiNOLim-A (Miiller). " Evbd Cbibrrlla." 
 
 Aitmnt lanffaiiiotejUa, Mull«r (l"7fl). 
 
 Aiteriai oculata, l*i>iin>nt (1777). 
 
 AUtriai i,MHffiom, O. F«brieiu» (17W) ; and Uiiuld (1841). 
 
 Liniia oeulnta, Furbea (183i») ; uid .Stiiiipwin (1863). 
 
 CriUUa oeulata, Forbvii (1841). 
 
 Mehincuter otmlalMt, Mullvr and Trnachel (1842). 
 
 Linkia ptrtuta, Htimjmm ilWiS). 
 
 grkinauter mnt/uinolentut, M. San (1861). 
 
 CribrtUa tanguitmltnla, LiitliKn (I8iM*). 
 
 Oribrtlla amlata, IVrrier (1876). 
 
 Dr. Stimpaon found this species at Grand Manan at low-water mark and 
 at a depth of 30 fathoms, on rocks, in 1862 ; and Professor Uanong says 
 that it is abundant everywhere on the southern coast of New Brunswick. 
 It has been collected or dredged by the wiiter in Northumberland Strait ; 
 by Sir J. W. Dawson, Dr. Bell, Dr. Packard, Profe.ssor Verrill and the 
 writer at many localities in the Gulf and mouth of the River St. Lawrence, 
 and by Packard and the oteams expedition in the Strait of Belle Isle 
 and on the Atlantic coast of Labrador. On the western side of the North 
 Atlantic the species is known to range from Cape Hatteras to Greenland, 
 and from low-water mark to a depth of 471 fathoms. 
 
 Dr. J. W. Gregory says* that Cribrg/la, Agassiz, is a synonym of Htnrxcia, 
 Gray. 
 
 Family Pediceflaiteridtr. 
 
 Pedicellartrr tvpicus, M. Sars. 
 
 A few specimens that have been identified with this Norwegian species by 
 Professor Verrill, were dredged by the writer in 1872, in the northern part 
 of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, oflf Cape Gaspe and Cap des Roeiers, in 75 to 
 80 fathoms. 
 
 •On page a-W, of Part III., of Dr. E. Ray IjknkmtHrB " Treatise on Zoology." 
 
Mi 
 
 Family SHeAtultrida. 
 SnCHAirai ALBVLl.t (StimpMii). 
 
 Attrtuantkim mOuliu, 8lim|iK«i {t$m 
 tUeh—ler albulut, Vnrrill (18*6 and 1«86). 
 mtpkanmtUHM alhulm, Verrill ( 1871). 
 
 Oniid Mmu. "They oooamd moat frwjnently •noax bnnobing nnl- 
 lipoTM, in 4 or fl (athomt, on tb« eMt lidaof thei«Und« "(Htimpww). '• E««t- 
 poct, M*., Mid Onnd Mmm, in 10 to 20 fatbomi, rocky bottomt, and 
 •monif n«UiporM; alio fraqneat at low-water of iprinx tide* among rockt.- 
 "Common from low water mark to 100 fatboa.8 in th« Bay of Fundy and 
 off th« ooaat of Nova Scotia " ( Vwrill). Th« .p«,i<» U know., to range from 
 CapeHatterai to " Greenland, loeland and other parti of the Antio Ooean, 
 and the northern ooaat of Europe," from to 435 fntbomi. 
 
 Family Atttriida. 
 AiTiMAB FoBsnii (Desor). 
 
 ^*<«fiK!aiilAwii torbfii, Omut (184H). 
 
 Arieriat amiailn, Htimpwai (1882). 
 
 AMcnuanlMon btrplmu$, (L. A«., M. 8.) A. A». (188S). 
 
 Alerimi Farbai, Verrill (18M). 
 
 Doaoette hUnd, St Croix River; and shore, of the large inland (tRosers 
 Itland) in Oak Bay, N.B. (Oanong, 1888 and 1889). 
 
 Ambhia* vtL0ABi8(Stimpson) Verrill. "Stabfish, FivE-rwoM, Cko«8FI8h," 
 
 AUrraeanthion rubtni, Stiuipion (1«3). 
 
 Aittria, rulgari,, {Stimrmm. M.S. Packard (1863). No .le«cription 
 AUframntkioH pnjlidu, (L. Ag.. M. 8.) A. Ag. (188S). N„ d«criptioB. 
 Attnat tmlgarii, VerriJl (1866). Dencription. 
 
 This common large flveraycd starflBh, which, according to 8timp«,n 
 attaint to a diameter of a foot or more, is widely and abundantly distributed 
 throughout the whole of the region now under consideration. It is pre- 
 emmently the common .tariish of the Gulf of St. Uwrenca At Gmnd 
 Manan it has been collected by Stimpson ; in the "Bay of Fundy from 
 above low-water mark to 60 fathoms," by Verrill; in P»8s,traaquoddy Bay 
 by Ganong ; and in Northumberland Strait by the writer. At many 
 localities in the Gulf and mouth of the River St. Lawrence it has been 
 collected by Sir J. W. Dawson, Bell. Packard and Verrill and the writer 
 In the Strait of Belle Isle and Atlantic coast of I^vbrador it has been 
 collected by Packard and the Stearns expedition ; and at the entrance 
 to Hudson Strait by Bell. " Bathymetrical range, to 368 " fathoms • 
 
■KMt •boadanl in 1 u 60 fathoow. " Baloag* to UmooM m«m. " ffiBttmu 
 fwt ci Long laknd to Labrador, in iballow watM* ; in dMp waUr it rang« 
 ■oathward a* far aa off Cap* Hattoraa " ( VanrUl, 1«9»). 
 
 Arruui niLLiOKViiA, Pnriar. 
 
 Atlenumitlhi»n ttlluMmra, Pnrivr (IMtt). 
 
 A^na$ tteHumura, Vtnin (IHT») i and VHrrlll ( 1H7H). 
 
 " Thii Urge and renMrlcabla apueitm, pnvimtnlj known only from Iceland to 
 Orwnland, was drcdfted by our party on th« iteamar HpMdwell, of th* 
 U.S. PUh Cbmmiaiion, "in 1877, at several localitiea off Nova Scotia, 
 in large numben. "It wa* eapooially abundant off Cape Sable, in 
 88 to 92 fathoma, Hne compact wind ; and off Halifax, in 100 tathoma, landy 
 mud, where it wai aaaooiated with Artrogonium yranutan, Ilippatltria 
 phrygiana, ArekatUir Partlii, Archaiter arctieut, AtUtdon Saraii, and many 
 other arctic ipecieM " (Verrill, 1878). * 
 
 Arbrias iiroPLA, Verrill. 
 
 1H9B. Amer. .luurn. He. and Art», Third Smv, vol. xtix., p. 90a 
 Off Nova 8cotia, in 63 to 100 fatbonit, two ipecimens (Verrill). 
 
 A11TBIIU8 POLARIS (MuUer and TrtNchel). 
 
 AtteraeatUkionpolari; M\xUfr»miTn»eiu<i{l>^). 
 Attrriat polari; Verrill (INtiO). 
 
 Ottsp^ Basin, "some small dpecimeos, probably young of this species" 
 (Sir J. W. Dawson, 1858) ; " very abundant along the whole coast " (of the 
 Gusp«5 peninsula) "below Riroouski" (Bell, 1858). Near Cbribou iHland 
 (Packard, 1860); from low water to 20 fathoms, at Anticosti Island, 
 also dredged in 1 5 fathoms on a rocky bottom at Mingan Inland, by the 
 Anticosti expedition in 1861 (Verrill). Square Txland anH Hopedale, on 
 the Atlantic coast of Labrador (Packard) 1864. This common, large and 
 six-rayed northern species has since been found at many localities in the Gulf 
 and mouth of the River St. Lawrence by Sir J. W. Dawson and the writer. 
 Verrii; says that it ranges from George's Bank to Greenland, in from to 
 60 fathoms, and that it i is been taken by the Gloucester fishermen "on all 
 the banks " foff Nova Scotia, <fec.) " in 20 to 60 fathoms." L Anse au Loup 
 (north side of the Strait of Belle Isle) one young specimen in 8 fathoms • 
 and Bonne Esperunce, Esquimaux Bay, at low water, ttbub('<int ; Steams' 
 expedition (Misn Bush). Atlantic entrance to Hudson Strait, at Port 
 Burwell, Cape Chudleigh (Bell, 1884). 
 
 • American Journal of Science and Art», Third Seriwi, vol. xvi., p. 214. 
 
LwTAniM/i muA (Hdm^Mm). 
 
 A mr t m tnuni, Hiim|iMi« (IMK), 
 
 Atltnm, fttftm rn iriM < i,nm, V»rriU (l«M|. 
 
 l4i«M«*r^ Ittwra. Vnrill ( IKT*). 
 
 B., ot F«dy ,n 10 to 40 fcrthom.. "Th« U »ery clo-ly „Ui«l toT 
 LirrARTuiAs Umeituiidioa (Latkn). ' 
 
 ^KcTMu Hmnliutdtiv. ''«mll (IMS). 
 Upta^riat ilnnlmtidui,. Verrill (IMTV). 
 
 A .ingj. .p.oim«.. „f thi, .p«,i« •„ d«dged i. 18 luho... «rkv b„tto.„. 
 off EIlM Ray, AnticMti, by th« Antiowti •xp«<litioii in 1861 Since r 
 •p^^Jweni which «r. prob^y «!«„«. to thi. ,p«,i« ha«, b«n dr*!,, .!";', 
 B«iiy IocaHi.« in the Oulf •«! mcmth of th. Riv,.r 8t Uwr«c b» Sir J 
 W D.w«,„ .„d th. wriur. Vi„riU -y. tfc.t it W b«„ uk«, on tb« 
 fahlng »«nk. off Nor, Sootm »»d In th. Biiy of Fu-dy. in tn«n 5 to lOO 
 
 ST^u .. ^TT ?•*"«• '■ '•*' »*»^ "•' *^« " Eohinod.rn,»U of N^w 
 Bn.juw.ck' <pabl«h«l i. B„ll«in No. 7 of the N.run.1 Hi.torT Society 
 of th«t province) incMe. !<tU»p«,n'. Ait^racantkUm MuUtri wiong th. 
 •ynonymi of thii npeoie.. In this oonhertion. Prof. Vwrill wy. that bwide. 
 L. eompta, L. ten^ra, L. (Jr«!fUandiea, L. kitpicMla .nd L littoral J "there 
 M. other torn, on our northern coMt th.t may b. dUtiact, but n.^ much 
 •tudy. 8on.« of th«e b»ve hitherto b^n referred to /.. ifulM and to / 
 Stimp,<mi •' (Verrill, ]8fi6).* *° ^• 
 
 Leptastbrias littoralir (Stimpwm). 
 
 AltmcatMim liltoni:,., Stiuiiwun (1853). 
 Amerias lUlitrnlu, Wrrill {lmH). 
 itftttiteriaa .'illoralit. Wrrill (18H3), 
 
 Grand Man.n, " -ery common among the fuoi in the middle region of the 
 htto^Uoneor even near high-w.ter mark, eUewhere I have never found 
 t (8t.mpeon ; " Eaatport and Grand Mar.an, abundant fron. half tide to 
 i';'"^: "".'';^ '"°7 "^^' •"<1 ^"'•■i " (Verrill). Fi.hing banks off Nov. 
 8cot« (Verr.ll). Gulf of 8t. Lawrence, Whiteav.^ (VerriH). Dead laCd 
 near ;^.«^ W-nd. l.br«ior. in 1 to .T fathoms, ^-veral .pecimen«, .Stearmi 
 expe.l,t«n (Mu^ Bush). Port Burwell. Cape Chudi.igh (Bell). C^*,. B«v 
 Me., to Cumberland Gulf, ■„ to 23 fathoms. "Very cloeelv ailied t.> >' 
 Gr,mlandica " (Verrill, 1895). ^ ^ """^ '" ^■ 
 
 ' A.«erica., .(ouraal of .Scient* .nd A^. .M«rch, 18«i, Thir.1 Srri^voTi^x 
 
 1- P 211. 
 
 'I, if 
 
OuiiiiA AmiitcAiiA, ViKRiti, 
 
 Britittga Amerintivi, V <rnll (INMtl. 
 rrtHtUa Atntrirmiui, Sl^Wn I1M8W). 
 Odinia Anuniyina, VomltdNIMI. 
 
 " BathymetrioU ntogf, 170 to 400 fathomi. Two HpeoiiiMiiii wfre -^tkm 
 by the UlouoMtor flahannitn on Banqtinroau, off Novi» ^;ooti», one at N. Ut. 
 44* 12', W. long. 58' 37', olinginK to I'araifnrgia arbor, a. Both of oyr 
 •paoiuMna had 20 (datacbad) arnu. It grown to great ii*a ' ( Varrill, 1895). 
 
 OPHUIROIDKA. 
 OPHIUR.IC. 
 
 fanily OphioifpiJidae. 
 Ophickiltpha Hamii (Lutken). 
 
 OpKioltpii riliata, HtimfUHi {IMia) ; wm KcUnm, n|. IIN06). 
 (fp*ii*«i*<<-»ii, I-utken (l>*ft4). 
 OpKiof/lypK*i fill rati, Lyniai <1H<}5' 
 
 Qraad Manan. Thia ■peci)>» in luach larger than" O. rohutla, "of a 
 bluiah-gray colour «>▼• and white bek>w." "It ia alM very differpiit in 
 atation, being found <iiiy on muddy iiottuniH and in aeep water. I have 
 taken it at a depth of 00 fatboms ' (Htimpson;. Bay of Fund\, iit 150 
 fathoms (Verrill, 1872) ; abundiuit on thenoulhern ouoHt of \«w Brunswick 
 in 10 fathoms (Oanong, 1S88). The largest and one of the moat w^idely 
 diitribnted brittle stan (d the Uuil aixl mouth of the Rt\ r 8t. Lawrence, 
 in from about 25 to 250 fatbiniN. It is particularly large and abundant in 
 125 fathoiDH, six niileit from shore, rtpposit*- Cup des Rosiers ligbtliouse, 
 where it was dred(e<>d by the writer in 1871. In fresh specimens taken at 
 this locality the upper surface of the diitk varied in colour from grayiah or 
 ash coloured, to greenish, purplish, ur even liright red. Packard found this 
 •pecies at Catenu ;!ay, Ivong Island, r i the Atlantic onst of Labrador, of 
 large size, in 15 fathoms, on a sandy (H>ttom. Mib Bush says that two 
 specimens were taken in 10 fathoms iit Henley Hiirbciur (Chateau liay, on 
 the north side of the Strait of Belle Isle) byth«' steams expedition in 1882 ; 
 Dr. Bell collected it at Port Burweli, Hud» • Strait, in 1884, and it b^a 
 been found at (Greenland. Professor Verrili jiys that he hu* seen a few 
 four-armed speeiuien^ of it from off Nova Si'tmu. 
 
 According to Sir J. W. l»aws()ri, it has been found fiiMsil in the Ledu clay 
 of St. John, N.B , by Dr. O. F. Matt^«w. 
 
i 
 
 58 
 
 Ophiooitpha BOB08TA (Ayres). 
 
 Ophiopkolit nlmta, Aym (1888). 
 Ofkiogli/rka nbuta, Lyman (186ft). 
 
 B.y, in 20 to 50 fathouu^ in 187? llurB„!h . ■**"* *" ^"^ 
 
 marlc to 220 fathoms or more P**^ '~°' '»"-''•*•' 
 
 r I 
 
 Opkiooltpba Stdwitzi (Lutken). 
 
 Ophiura StuwiUi, T.utkeii (1KW>. 
 Ophioglnpha Uum'.., Lyman (18B5). 
 
 Dat ""*!! "'^"'I' '*"^»^ """"^ J"^" »^' ''^ Murray Bay bv Sir J W 
 Daw«>n. ha, been identified with this .pecie. by P,«W VerriU 
 
 OpHiontYPHA NODOSA (Lutkpn). 
 
 Ophiura nodoia, Lutken (1857). 
 Ofkioglypha nodota, Lyman (1886). 
 
 not occur in Sti™p«,„., ...Synopsis of the M •lrw;eb"u To '"!! 
 Manan." nor in (ianong's .. Echin.xiermata af New BrunsSc"^ ^*' 
 
 Ophioolvpiia 8I0XATA, V'errill. 
 
 1882. Amer. .I.mm. Ha and Art.. Third Seri™. vol. xx>.i.. p. 230. 
 " Bay of Pundy, and off Nova Scotia ' (Vorrill). 
 
09 
 
 Familjr Ampkiuridte. 
 Amphiura Scitdbvalli (Muller and Troschnl). 
 
 Opkioltpu SundevaUi, MuUitr and Trowhel (1842). 
 Amplnum BolMli, Lit Icxn (18U). 
 Amfkiura SundetvUi, Ljungnuui (1866). 
 
 "Found in 15 fathoms at Cateau Baj," Long Island, ^^brador, "on a 
 Mutdy bottom," in 1864 (Packard) ; and by the Stearns expedition at Henley 
 Harbour, Chateau Bay, in 10 to 15 fathoms (Miss Bush). A very slender 
 and fragile brittle star, dredged abundantly in the deep sea mud (180-300 
 fathoms) to the south and south-east of the Island of Anticosti, was referred 
 to A. HothoUi, by the writer, in 1871, but Professor Verrill, in 1873, 
 thought it " near Ophiopeltit borealU, San," which Lyman says is an 
 Amphiura. Verrill, however, in 1899, gives the Gulf of St. Lawrence aa 
 the locality for A. Sundevalli. 
 
 Amphiura exigua, Verrill. 
 
 1899. TniM. Conn. Ac. Art* and So., vol. x., p. 311. 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence (Verrill). 
 
 Amphiura Canadensis, Verrill. 
 
 1899. Idem, p. 311. 
 Gulf of >t. Lawrence (Verrill). 
 
 AMPiiiPiioua BLEnANB (Leach). 
 
 Ofhiura elegant, Leacli (1816). 
 
 OfKioeunui tieijlerta, Fnrbeii (1841). 
 
 Opkiolepit teniiii, Ayres (18fi2). 
 
 Amphiura trnuit, Lyman (1860). 
 
 Amphium tquaiiuUn, Lyman (1865) non Delia Chiage, trste Ljungman. 
 
 Amphipholit dttj(in$, Vprrill (1873). 
 
 Grand Manan, " among nullipore.s l)elow low-water mark, frequent" (Htimp- 
 ■on) ; " Bay of Fuudy, low-water to 60 fathomH, common " (Verrill 1872). 
 Gulf of 8t. Lawrence, between Anticosti and the Oasp^ peninsula, in 210 
 fathoms, one specimen (Whiteaves, 1873). "Off New Jersey to the Arctic 
 Ocean "(Verrill, 1872). 
 
I 
 
 •0 
 
 Ophiophouh ACULBATA (L). 
 
 A^, «,jrf^„, ,L) om-lin (1788) , ad. Lynun. 
 
 AMtrvu o/ktura, O. F»briciM (1780). 
 
 <^wni Wiif, Fleming (1828). 
 
 (^ioMma 4e«M, Forbe. (1841). 
 
 2*'0<9« «<rf<«««*ri<«, MuUe, Md Ti««h.l (1842). 
 
 t^MpMw »<»tof)«irfr«a, StimpHon (1853) 
 OpkiopMu btUit, Lyman (1866). 
 
 1 ... genuB M not even mentioned in Verrill'ii Ut^t .^u t 
 
 dM«flction of the North American 0;»*<«nH«Jin S.^^. T.°' 
 OonnecUcnt Ac«,emy of Arte «d SeieCceerS^S; ^sT" °' *^ 
 
 Family OpAtacatMAicto. 
 Ophiacahtha bidwtata (Retdug). 
 
 Aitenu bidentata, ReUiu* (1806). 
 
 ^U>c<ntha vinulom, MM„ „d Tnxwbcl (1842) 
 
 OpktaeaiUKa bidmtata, Ljungm»n (1871). 
 
 1-«1, Nor.., ™, S^W^" """ '» "^ "°°' <^ Ccrf „ o™„. 
 
 Ophiacawtha anomala, G j. Sarg. 
 
 Off Nov. Scotia, in 101 to 131 fathoms U S p;.i, r. • • , 
 by the 88. Alb.t.«« in 1883. " TW,Tpe'cfe, I ea^v '"!!rL '^'^ 
 
 regularly .i^ w-m, " (VerriU). ^ ''^ recognized by having 
 
 Ophiacantha sprctabilis, G. O. Bars. 
 
 Off Nova Scotia, in 131 fathoms, also dredged by the 88. Albat««« i„ !««■, 
 one specimen only ( VeniU). / """w. AiDatross in 1883 
 
61 
 Ophucartba tarupiha, Verrill. 
 
 188S. Ann. Rep. V. S. Fiih CommiMion for 1883 p. 546. 
 
 Off Nov* Scotia, 101 to 200 fathomg, Albalrou dredginn of 188S 
 (Verrill). 
 
 OrHIAOAHTHA ORAHCLIFKRA, VemlL 
 188S. Idem, p. M6. 
 
 Off Nova Scotia, in from 101 to 200 fathoms. Albatross dredging* of 
 1883 (Verrill). 
 
 Ophiolbbu acanblla, Verrill. 
 
 188S. Idem, p S48. 
 
 " On Paramurie«a borealis, in 113 to 122 fathoms, off Nova Sootia " 
 (Verrill). Dredged by the SS. Albatross in 1883. 
 
 Family OjAioteoliaidce. 
 
 Ophioboolbx olacialu, Muller and Trosohel. 
 
 TfTO or three living specimens that have been referred to this species by 
 ProfeHmr Verrill, were dredged by the writer in 1873, in 210 fathoms to the 
 S.W. by S. of the island of Anticosti. 
 
 Family Oorgonocephalida:. 
 OoROONOCEPHALUs BDCNiMis (Mttller and Trosohel.) 
 
 'Aleriat caput VMhua, O. Fabriciiu (1780). 
 Attropkyton eucnemu, Muller and Troachel (1843). 
 OofyonoeephcUut eumemU, Lyman (1882). 
 
 In his "list of Animals dredged near Caribou Island" in 1860, published 
 in the "Canadian Naturalist and Geologist' for December, 18C3 Dr. 
 Fkckard says that one specimen of this species " was hauled up by a fisher 
 man twenty miles from land in about 80 fathoms," and that specimens of it 
 are "common and very large in i8 fathoms on the crown of the banL " off 
 Caribou Island. 
 
 ■1 
 
 m 
 
' !' 
 
 
 OoaooirooarBALtri Aoamuii (Stimpwm). 
 
 MuryaU mmtatum, Gould (1841) ; not of deBUinvill.. 
 AUnpkiHon mitatum, Btimpwrn (1888). 
 Oorgmmtpkmlu, AgattUii, Lyman (188»). 
 
 Omnd M«i«, not uncommon. "It i. found in th. oor»lline «,ne. 
 -p^^Uy .m„ng foretU of Bollenu.^' (8timp«n). Bay of Fu^ Z^ 
 ^mmon. lo-water to 100 fathom. (V.rrill)V Friar-. Cov.«7mZ 
 
 men. Ime. at many looalitie. in the Oulf and mouth of th. Ri J St 
 Law^noe. whe« it ha. al«> been dodged or oth.rwi« coll«,te; b^Z. B 
 Bell, the writer and others. ' 
 
 OoRGONocBPHALO. Lamabckii (Muller and Trowhel). 
 
 Atropki/tm Umankii, Muller and TroKhel (1848). 
 OorgotuxtfKaliu Lanartkii, Lyman (1882). 
 
 <rf Il^nT^wr* ^*^ '"' Alcyonaria." Dredged by the 88. AlbatroM. 
 1 1^3 iveiSS ''°°'"'"''"" ^^ ''' "*''""' ^ ^««''' ••"^ - ^3» '•«>- 
 
 Family Aatronyeid<t. 
 AwBOKTX LovcHi, Muller and Trorchel. 
 
 Sg^ll^L^'^Ilr"; ^'**'? *^ <***y ^°' '«">• '•*• "' 3' N., long. 63- 
 (LyLt °' ""•"*"> •" *** ***^°»-' K^^-l ^d 'ton- 
 
 ECHINOIDEA. 
 
 DIAOBMOIDA. 
 
 Family Strongyloeentrotidoe. 
 STBOKOrLOCBNTKOTUS DHOBAQHIMIStt (Miiller). 
 
 Eckinw Drobaehientit, Miiller (1776). 
 
 Eekirmt negltclut, Lamarck (1816). 
 
 tekinw, gnnHlari,, Say (1827) ; non Umarck. 
 
 Sekinut ffranulatut, Gould (1841). 
 
 TncnpneutUt Droharkin$i,, L. Agaaeix (1846). 
 
 Xuryeekimu Dnbackirruii, Verrill (1866). 
 
 Strtmgvlotentntut IhnhackicntU, A. AgaiiM (1872). 
 The common »» urchin of the Bay of Pundy and Oulf of St Uwrence 
 which ., abundi^t throughout the whole region. e.pecially in very ZZ 
 water. In the Bay of Fundy. Profe«or Verrill «y.'that i't ran^^ifde^th 
 f«.m low-water mark to 109 fathom., and in the Oulf of St. liTrence ift 
 very common a little below low-water mark or in le« thaTlO "^1; 
 
thongh * few very amall but living ■peoinMna wen dredged by the writar 
 at vMioos looalitiee, in 20, 30, 56, 60, 7ft to 80 and 110 fathoms, in 1872. 
 The speoiee ia oironmpolar, and, on the western side of the Atlantic, ranges 
 from New Jersey to the Arotio Ocean. 
 
 Sir J. W. Dawson says that it oconrs rai'ely as a fossil in the Lieda clay of 
 Riviire da Loup, Beauport, St. Nicholas and Montreal. 
 
 CHATHOSTOMATA. 
 
 Family Seutetlidae. 
 EcHiiTARACHHiDB PABHA (Lamarck). 
 
 Seutella parma, Lainarek, (181(>). 
 Sekinaraehniu$ parma, Onjr (182.')). 
 Sehinaraehniui dUantieu$ (Gny) 8tiiupM>n (1853). 
 
 Common in the Bay of Fundy, Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Gulf and 
 mouth of the River St Lawrence, and Strait of Belle Isle, from a little 
 below low-water mark to 15 fathoms, usually upon sabdy bottoms. South- 
 ward, it is known to range to Chesapeake Bay, and to 100 fathoms or more 
 in depth. It u common also on both sides of the north Pacific. 
 
 ATBL08T0MATA. 
 
 Family Spatangidte. 
 
 SoHiZAaTBR PRA0ILI8 (Duben and Koren). 
 
 Dredged by the S& Bache, of the U. S. Fish Commission, in 1872, "in 
 the centre of the Bay of Fundy, east of Grand Manan, in 95 to 106 
 fathoms " { Verrill). In the Gulf of St Lawrence adult and living specimens 
 of it were dredged by the writer in 1871, : 372 and 1873, at several localities 
 to the north-east, south-east anJ south of the Island of Anticosti, in from 
 100 to 300 fathoms. 
 
 PLATYHELMINTHBS. 
 TURBELLARIA (PLANARIANS).* 
 
 DBNDROCiELA. 
 
 Family Leptoplanidm. 
 
 Leptoplaka bllipsoidbs, Oirard. 
 
 Grand Manan, " found at low-water, under stones, in 4 fathoms, nulli- 
 pores, and in 30 fathoms shelly bottom " (Stimpson). Le Have Bank, Nova 
 
 'Extracted klmo«t exduaively from Profeuor VerrillV paper on the " Marine PUnarians 
 of New England," in the Truiaactiong of the Connecticut Academy of Arti and Science*, 
 ToL vni., pp. 459-Sao, publiihed in December, 1892. 
 
?n!!^J".i" ^^}T^ «~^"y "«' 'tony bottom, U. 8. Fid, CommiMkm, 
 1873 (Smith and Harger). "™— wu, 
 
 •• Oulf of at Lawrwc to Cmco B.y, low-w.ter to 60 fathom.. Common 
 »t BMtport, Me.. Md Grand Manan, N.B., 1862 to 1872. at low-water mark 
 under Mone^ in tide-pooU and at all depth, down to 40 fathom., on .toav 
 bottom.. Halifax, N.S., 8 to 10 fathom., 1877 " (Verrill). 
 
 Family Planaridm. 
 Fovu ArriiTM ((Er.ted). 
 
 doubtfully to thu .peoie.) at Eaatport, Me., and Grand Manan, N B dnr- 
 ing many seasomi spent in .tudying the fauna of that region " ( VerrUl). 
 
 Procbrodu olv* ((Enttid). 
 
 "New Haren to Bay of Fundy. Found near low-water mark, under 
 .tones and m tide-pooU, amouK algas" (Verrill). 
 
 ACaCLA. 
 
 Family Aphtmogtoma. 
 
 Doubffvl Sp«eus. 
 
 TrpHLocoLAx ACVTV. (Girard). 
 
 T^pkMepla acuta (Oiraid) Stimpnn (1853). 
 Tifphoeolax aeutut, Verrill (1892). 
 
 Grand Manan, "found in considerable number, creeping over the surface of 
 Chxrodota lam* " (StimpKin). 
 
 
 NEMBRTEA.* 
 
 E»OPLA. 
 
 Family AmpAiporUke. 
 Amphipobus akoulatus (Fabricins). 
 
 flateiola angulata, O. Fabricina, in O. F. MuUer (1774). 
 
 Ptanaria angutala (Falwioiu.) MiUler (177<i) ; ud Fsbriciu. (1780). 
 
 OnutopUa Stimptoni ((iirard) Stimpaon (18BS). 
 
 Ampkiponu Stimptoni, Verrill (187r). 
 
 AmpKiporut an(/ulatut, Verrill (1892). 
 
 Grand Manan, common at low-water mark under stones (Stimpson). 
 Massachusetts Bay to Gulf of 8t. Uw rence, Labr«lor, Cumberhuid Gulf, 
 
 . .**^"!*T' '*'*'''' '"^ ^"''"^ VeiTiir. '• M«ine Nemertew, of New EnffUnd! 
 
65 
 
 Ampbipori/s anuoHORDi, Verriil. 
 Amphipobcs LACTiPLOKECi (Johwton). 
 
 Planaria Inctijtorta, .lohnnton (lt)28) 
 
 Ampkipor^, ,actiflor.u., M>Int<,h (1873) , .nd VerriU (1879). 
 
 ««co»nK,nonthe«h«.«oftheBayofFundy"(Verri;iT " 
 
 Amphipobus R08KC8 (Miiller). 
 
 fiuetola rcKa, Muller (I774). 
 «OFior»o nMM, Muller (1776). 
 .4mp4i|M>ruj rtMnu, Vnrill (1882). 
 
 112 """Jvef^fn*" ?!' °' '"-'"^■' '" ^•"-' '-»>■•»■-' 'o-ater to 
 lai^noms (Vernll). The specimen- described in Pi«f««i„. i- -n. 
 
 paper ve« taken „ff Grand ManaTin 112 t.Zu^iaJ^''^ '•'™"' 
 Amphipobub A01U8, VerriU. 
 
 Opkionemerte, agilit, VerriU (1873). 
 •^ wp* iporan oj/i/,'., VerriU ( 1879 1. 
 
 " Bay of Pundy. 10 to 90 fathoms " (VerriU). 
 
 AMPHiPOBUsa) suPBBBus (Giranl). 
 
 Hareda tuprrba (Oirarrt) Stiinp«on (18M) 
 AmiJi,ponu(?) mperliut, VerriU (1802). 
 
 ':rand Manan, "dredged in 35 fathoms in the Hake Bav " h, «..■ 
 but not since met with at this locality by Verrill ^' ^ •*""' 
 
 Tbtbastemma c^-„n., « Fabricius?) M'lntoeh 
 
:..v«™«f -■ ^SgViBSS»tf&iVm«aSrJD 
 
 I 
 
 ( 
 
 TRMtriHitA tumminiM (Oiiwii) 8tim|mm. 
 
 ^PjoB^b.1 Dot iaol.d«d b, Vtrtll to hi. pi4»r «, th. N.w EngUnd 
 
 TmAtmiMA riTTATUM, Varrill. 
 
 Fanilj DrtpanopKorida. 
 
 DurARoraoBua LAVKnTCRi, Habnobt. 
 
 H.1L8. ChMiXngmr. Sution 49 (M.jr 20, 1878), mixth of HJif*,. Not. 
 oootia, la 80 fothoaw, gnrtl knd stonM (Hnbraobt). 
 
 AiroriA. 
 
 Fcmiljr LintitUt. 
 
 LiNivs viRiDis (FabrioiM). 
 
 ««.n. -•^••1*"»WW».) Mtllhr(im«K! 1777), .vd F.brid . (17«0). 
 iWia o6kii» (OitMd) Stimima (18U) , no daoriptii n. 
 Lmeut viridit, Johiuton (186S) j et maet 
 
 ,„'.'**'*"*' ^^ ««""'« "^ *•» «"t •»b«gion c- the litb.nJ »ne " 
 
 ^umknt «d Urg. at E«itport, Me., «,d »t all loclitiea .boat the B.y of 
 Jfundy where the shore u oompoeed of rooki " (Verrill). 
 
 Lisfivs SAxauiMRDs (Rsthke/. 
 
 nnuria mnguiiua, Ssthke (1799). 
 Lineui mnguinetu Mlntoah (1873). 
 
 " Grand Mmm, between tide^ in 1870 and 1872, common " (Verrill). 
 Lisna aocuLM (Leidy). 
 
 ITemtrtet toeia/u, Leidjr (1866). 
 Lineui kkMu, ^'errill (1898). 
 
 Bay of Fundy, a - .trictly littoral .pecies," which " occurs abundantly and 
 usually gr^nou^ly under stones, among living mu.«,l., between the roots of 
 gr««s and ^ig«, etc., from near low-water mark nearly up to high-water 
 mark of mediun: tides " (Verrill). 
 
17 
 
 (Ummt mmoATut (Habndit). 
 
 OintrMuhu (nMMlM^ Habneht (UK). 
 **•««« Inmcadu, VwriU (ugt). 
 
 dM«ripttoa of C«..Ar.ha« ,runcatus to dUtingutah it fra. Lin^ viridi^ 
 wbioh oftMt oontneti into th* mom fom.) 
 
 HioBUBA Amni (Oinud). 
 
 '*•«<*'»<• qjlnii (Oinrd) Stimpwn (US». 
 Jr«»i«rfMn|ri»<«, V«rrill (1874). 
 Mitrum ^fini4, VmrUl (1879). 
 
 OfMd M«M^ "in the iMinariM -m." (Stiapwi.). " V«y comnwn 
 from off Cpa Cod Md MM«ohumu 8.7 to Kov. 8ooti«, in 8 to 100 
 fathonu or morvon O^llj ««1 .tony bottom.. It i. pwtioulTly common 
 in th. Bay of Fuady. th, Wbour of E-tport. M...'^^ th, other cold 
 .W'1vtSu7"^ ''"" Jt i. .bo offn found nt low-wfr mark under 
 
 HiCRURA BUBKA, VerrilL 
 
 CUBBRATCLCa FUiODS (Fkbridui). 
 
 nmana/utea, O. Fabridiu (1780). 
 UeeUia olivaeta, Rtthkc (18«S). 
 C«(v6ni(u{iu^i<!«<, Verrill (18B2). 
 
 EMtport^ Me.; Or»nd M«m, N.B.; and Hidifax, N.8.; "under etone. 
 »nd in «nd and grarei near low-water mark, and beyond in .hallow water 
 to 20 fathom, or more " (Verrill). Dredged by Packarf in 1860. at Sahnon 
 
 »K « ;? ^^T *t' """'*•' "* ^^ E«,uima»x River, on the north dwre of 
 the Gulf of St. Lawrence), in 10 fathom, mud; al«s in 1864, in Belle. 
 Amour., Bradore Bay, P.Q , in 8 fathom. ««.d. and at Henley Harbour 
 L.br«lor (nearly opposite Belle We) in 20 fathom.. Gre«dand (Fabridu*' 
 •nd Levinwn). ^ ^ 
 
 CBBBBRATULtia OTLiirDBico., Packard. 
 Bell«. Amour. Harbour, Br^lore Bay. P.Q., one .pecimen (Paok«d). 
 
!1 
 
 OmMMTVMi itmon, TwriU. 
 Baj ol Poadjr ; off tUiOu, N.a, *o., oommoa ( V«rrUl). 
 
 Ih»bi/ul tpteiM. 
 
 OniBMTOLoa MioDLLATua, Habraoht 
 
 H.M.a Chdl«.ger. Ctotion 49 (U«]r 20, 187SX •oath of H»llfa«, 
 HOT. 8cot|% in 80 bthoiM, gr.v«l Md •ton*. " Thb tpMM i* probably 
 not . C4r,braHau» " „ h.,. defl»*l. " but mm. likely bolong. to !.««« or 
 4r»«n.r«, Mid pertMpt to mmim o( th«> aiMoifw dwcribed .bore." (Verrill.) 
 
 FMnily Ctphdoihrieidtr. 
 CiPRALOTHBU UHURM (Rathke). 
 
 rtwMW* liimru, Rathk* (ITIB). 
 Cil*a/<i«»rt« {nwaru, (Kntod (1(H4) ) M atHt. 
 
 "Long Iriand Bound to Not, Sooti^ »( mwy localitJ«s betwwn tidM, 
 ■adw atoaM and in wad " ( Verrill). 
 
 VOhYCHXTk. 
 
 Family Smrpuiida. 
 
 SriBORBii BOBBALM, Daudin (t). 
 
 atrfula finrbit, L. (1787). 
 
 f^tinrbii vtrOhiM, OouW (IMl) j nan L. 
 
 *<n>»*M 6iwMi<t (Dw Jin !) VeniU (1878). 
 
 The oommoneet «p«iiM of SpirorbU oa the aborea of the Onlf of St. Law- 
 wao^ attached to .lg«, .ton-, d,ell,. *,. it oo«,« in ve,y .hallow water, 
 Md range^ on the north American .ide of the AtUntic, from Newha^en, 
 
 S^-; I'p •. l'^ ^- »•"«»' »'«'<'»n*t'°«i!.i- the PieiBtocen; 
 
 depoeito at Riviere da Loup, attached to ehelk 
 
 " Whethw thi., our met common .pecie., be identical with the European 
 •pecie. known by thw name is .tiU uncerUin. The animal, of the rarioa. 
 
 Za^lSara^ '? ""l"'^ i'^V^^Hy known, and many .pecie. have 
 teen de«,nbed from the tube, alone. Accurate .leecription. or figures of 
 
 (VeJSo.t ' *" ''***^'^ '*'*"' **" '^'^ **" ^ determined «tirf«,torily " 
 
 • With th« exoeptioii of tfa. *rpirf«te, lUl th« .pecimou in thi* li.t t)»t IZ .t.*^\ 
 
BpiMBii:: .(<ciDoi (MoaUpi). 
 
 ai vf itla psrrwta, O, FabrMm (una Mttllar). 
 Ii i' j iiili NtiMrwM, Moati^u (IMM), 
 *rMa lucida, Maataf* (1M*|. 
 l^>«rMi ImMiMi FloBiBt, ot kuot. (VMrill). 
 
 Onuid Mmuui, "ioand ohMy on HartvUria mmI oUMreoratliiiM " (SUmp- 
 ■on) ; B«7 of Fundjr, 10 toSOfathooM, oa bydroidi (Varrill) ; Lt Hsr* BmUi. 
 M.S., in 45 {•thooM, U. U. FUh Oommiwion. 1873, (Smith and Hftrgw) ; 
 Oulf of 8t. LawrMuw, at Oaap^ B»y mm! inanj other loMlitiM, oollaotMl hy 
 Bir J. W. Drwmii, Dr. R. B«ll Mid tha writ«r ; Hanley Harbour, Strait of 
 B«ll« Ial«^ at a depth of 4 fathom/i, on algw (Packard). 
 
 Foatil in the Pleiatooen* deponita at Riviira du Loup, oa tba iniida of 
 •halU (8ir J. W. Dawiou). 
 
 This iiprcies fornu tinall, traniluoent, gloaay, re^enad spiral tubaa. oollad 
 in an al^vatad spira, the last whurU uaually turned up, or even erect and 
 fiee(Verrill).» 
 
 Spirokiu TiTRBi's (Fabriciui). 
 
 aerpula ritrta, O. Fkbrieiiu (1780). 
 SpirorHi vilreuM, Dawnn (IWO) ; et kimt. 
 
 Unvnd Manan, on a J'eottn in 20 faUioow (Stimpaon) ; Oaaptf (Bell), Little 
 M^tii (Sir J. W. Dawson), Strait <>f Belle lalp, in 40 to SO fathoma, and 
 along the whole ooaat of Labrador (Packard) ; Qreeuland (Fabriciua). 
 
 Aa a Pleiatocene fosail thii Hpecies haa been found at Riviire dn Loup, 
 Murray Bay, Beanport and Montreiil (Hir J. W. Dawaon). 
 
 **S. vitrtu* ii like S. nni$trortu§" (now called S. vUtmu), "a rcTeraecl 
 q)ecie«, but is thick, wmi-traDsparent, and ha* the whoria oloaely crowded, 
 and in adult shells turned up and aomewhat narrowed and thickened at the 
 mouth, A group of these Hhells looks like a number of small drops of glaaa 
 that had fallen on a stone and cooled there " (Sir J. W. Dawson) t 
 
 Spisorbh CANCBLLATC8 (Fabricius). 
 
 Serpula eaneeUata, O. F»briciiu (ITHO). 
 Spirorbil eanetUala, Dswiod (IBflO). 
 
 Abundant at depths of leas than 100 fathoms at many localities in the 
 Oulf and mouth of the River St. Lawrence, where it has been dredged by 
 Sir J. W. Dawson, Dr. R. Bell and the writer. Strait of Belle lale, on a 
 atony bottom, —and common on the whole coast of Labrador (Packard) ; 
 Ureenlaad, (Fabricius). 
 
 * U. H. Fish Commiwion, Raport for 1871 imA 1872 (187S), page 022. 
 t Cluuuliiui Nstunliit and Oeologiit (1880), vol v., p. 26. 
 
^^rt't^'^'^.'' '\'^^. ***^ ^J-^-u^ •».«>. ^ b^ 
 
 BrtMuit osAiniLATVi (Mttlhr). 
 *rM. ffrun-zM^ turn, (i7T«) ; mrI o. r»htitim iirm. 
 
 Am dMTp .lerMMi ridg- on tbe uppr .1,1. • - p.brioli -h. found itln 
 •Ulk, ud dx r**pirMof7 B«iii«i»U."« j-i^ «■ • non 
 
 SnMOKBM nABixATfa, Moiit*«(u. 
 
 J»<n»*« MTMMla (Montatuk, Uwr»«> (UaO). 
 "jJrfwW. ««r.-nato (Moot.) i. . d«,p w.t«r ,peoiw, ..ic«,ly .lUed t« .v 
 --^-aufaOf not . r«4.ty of it. It - dtotioguinhcl .. . L^l 7r rid.e 
 
 8 T^rnn^ruct 8ti«p«», Young .helK on the L. handT-^no 
 -/^"t^ «-ooll«^lo„.o* Mr. Bell of the (,«.,ogl»i 8„r..v, J 1 
 
 riMlUwdHon,.. ItWMfo«,d.tUb«dorbyMr.Crpenter. I .!«, h^e 
 |too » .tone fkm up fn«. th. B«k. of Newfoundland by . li.herm.n'. 
 J«k. «d printed to «• by A. Dick«,n. E.q." (Sir J. W. D.w«.n 
 1860, Canad. Nat. and Oeol., vol. t.. p 26) """on, 
 
 More r«*ntly, in 1893. Sir J. W. D.w«» «y. of this .pecie. : Thi. ■• i. 
 
 S. i^^' «»«/ortup/i<»<a of Fabriciu. f,«n. Oreenllnd ; 
 
 "Foeail— RiTiire du Loup, on ■h«Us."t 
 
 Spirobbis QUADKAKoutABU, Stimpwn. 
 
 WW. Bjaofm. ituint Invert. Gnnd \Uiun, p. 29 
 
 ! 2^'" N«tunai.» .od OcoloKirt (I860), »pl. v., p. 27. 
 t The CuMdiiHi lee Ap. ftc, MontaMl. IWt, p. 280. 
 
fl 
 
 SriMBBU STiMnoiii, VorriU. 
 
 Itrn PfDD. V. H. NM. Mm., vol li., f. UN. 
 afirorUt tuMtiloiiki, Vtrrill i mm Ittmmtek. 
 
 " MMMtohoMtUi Bajt to Nov» Hoolw, eommon in 10 to 80 fatkMMni, oa 
 ■ktlU ftnd atoiiM " (Verrill). If th* tpMinMni tbitl Dr Stimpwrn kkntifM 
 with S. nmuiitoidM, Laumrek, »r* S. Stimptoni, than Utia l*tMr upacie* bM 
 bean tonwi in th* Bay of Vniidjr. Sir J. W. Dawiun raxanla S. Slimfmmi 
 aa AynonyiDoaa with S. yiomtrata, (Miillar) whioh lattor, ha taya, haa baen 
 found foaail in tha Ploiatoaaiia dapoaita »t*(}aap^ Riviera du Loup, Littla 
 M^tia and L*brador. 
 
 8i>tk(>r.nu VALiDva, Varrill. 
 
 IWl Tima*. Oam. Aoad. Arta and Ma, vnl. ill., f, 44. 
 1« Hava Bank, naar C»pa Habia, Nova 8«otia, in 4S and 80 fathoaa, 
 U. H. Fiah Oommiaaion, 1872 (Haith and Uargar). 
 
 Vbbnilia aiBRULA, Stinpaon. 
 
 18SI. SjmoiM. M*rine Inrnt. iSrsnd Maabn, p. 39. 
 
 Grand Manan, " fraqaent on the taat of Aieidia ecUUta, and loaietimaa oa 
 Paotena from daap water " (Stinpaon). Since drt^ged at many localitiea in 
 tha Oalf and mouth of the River St Lawrence, at moderate depths, attached 
 to itonea, shelli, Jcc, by 8ir J. W. Dawson, Dr. R. Bell and the writer ; alio 
 in t':< Htrait of Belle lale, at a depth of 50 fathomti, by Packard. 
 
 e'oitiil al Utvi6re >^\i Loup, on sheila, Sir J. W. Dawson ; who thinks that 
 it ia '' •<<.■'-: ti^.>ly the Greenland speciea identified by Fabrioiua with Stryula 
 
 Protdla media, Stimpson. 
 
 '.J&. Synopi. Msrine Invert. OnnH Manan. p. .tO. 
 '':r..{''' lu Ml "on muddy and gravelly bottoms in the coralline zone, 
 »^U.'-;'t .'inont invariably to dead valves of Pwten Magdlanicui" (Stimp- 
 lon). Off Uranii Manan, 30 to ttd fathomii (Verrill). 
 
 Protdla Americana, M'Intosh. 
 
 18X&. H.M.a Clulltingsr Reporta, Zoolagy, vol. xii., p. 513. 
 H.M.S. Challenger, Station 49 (May 20, 1873) south of Halifax, Nova 
 Scotia, in 85 fathom-, gravel and stoneti. 
 
n 
 
 Fudly StMiUm. 
 
 Sabuxa patorira, Savigny. 
 
 Orwid Muun (Stimpwa) ; Oalf of St Lswnmoe. off Ckn A^ B~- 
 
 Sabblla zobaui, Stimpwn. 
 1868. Synoia. Marine In»m. Qnwd Muiu, p. aa 
 OfMd M.nan, "in four f.thom« wnong nulliporw, the mecimw. t^» 
 Uvmg th«r tab« thickly coated with mud " (StimpTn). ^^"™" **^" 
 
 PoTAMiLLA ocoLiFBBA (Leidy). 
 
 SabOla oexdiftn, Leidy(18B6). 
 PatamiUa aeulifim,, Vsrrill (1873). 
 
 " ^y o' Fundy, from lowwater mark to 60 fathoms " (Verrill • -h« ^^ 
 that t i. "clo«ly reUted to/'. «,i/.r.i.of northern l^^^S^ll 
 Identical with it)." Le Have Bank, off Cape Sable. N 8 ^„ iv/T ^ 
 U. a Pi.h Commi«ion, 1872 (Smith and H^^^^ ^ ' " *' ''"•"""^ 
 
 PoTAMiLLA iTBOLrciA, Malmgnsn. 
 abundant, U. 8. Puh Commi«ion, 1872 (Smith and Hai^r). 
 
 PoTAMiLLA ToBBLti, Malmgren. 
 
 H.Bta Challenger. Station 49 (May 20, 1873) wnth of Halifk, v„.. 
 Scotia, in 8S fathom., gravel and .tone. (M-IntoehV 
 
 Chobb iRFUHDtBuuroBMU, KrOyer. 
 Dredged by the writer in 1872, in the Gulf of St. T.iiwr.».w. 
 Rby 8.ofC.pd. Rosier., inllOfathou..clfL^Jd.rnrT:i: 
 from Cap dee Rosier., in 160 to 170 fathom., mud and .tone.. 
 
 Family Terebellidte. 
 
 TsBBBFLLiDB. Stbouiii, M. Sars. 
 
 Bayof Pnndy, 10 to 90 fathoms, muddy bottom (Verrill) • Onlf of 8t 
 Lawrence, dredged by the writer in 1871 at variou. localTil L th/ LI 
 .outh and .outh^east of the Land of Antiocti, in f^^Xt Ua fLro^t' 
 
73 
 
 AkTACAMA PH0B08C0IDBA, MalmglWIl. 
 
 Dnxlged by the writer in 1873, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, a little to 
 the north of the Bue des Chalenra, between Cap D'Eipoir and Grand 
 Paboo, in 60 fathoms. 
 
 Tbilbpds cmciifiiAToa (Fabricius). 
 
 AmtkilriU tinnnnata, O. Fabrioiiu (1780). 
 Lumarajlam, Stimpmn (18M) ; fide Verrill. 
 Tkekput cineinnatiu, Mklmgren (1867). 
 
 Grand Manan, "dredged in 35 fatboms in the Hake Bay. Tube* thin, of 
 a light-yellowiih colour, usually with pebbles attached to the outer surface " 
 (8timp«)n). Le Have Bank, Nova Scotia, in 45 to 60 fathoms ; U. 8. Fish 
 Commiasion, 1872 (Smih and Harger). Gulf of St. Lawrence, north, south 
 and south-east of the Island of Anticosti, in from 100 to 1 1 2 fathoms, dredged 
 by the writer in 1871. 
 
 Thubpdb oihoinmatus, var. CAKADRmis, M'Intosh. 
 
 H.M.S. ClwUentter ReporU, Zuoiugy, vul. x.'i.. p. 46H. 
 
 H.M.S. Challenger, Sution 48 (May 8, 1873) near Le Have Bank, Nova 
 Scotia, 01 fathoms, rock (M'Intosh). 
 
 Tbrbbblla brurnea, Stimpson. 
 
 186R. Synopa. Marine Invert Kmnd Msnui, p. 31. 
 Grand Manan. " It inhabits thick-walled tubes, formed of mud a >•] und, 
 which are found in great numbers on the under xurfacea of large sto^-cs, near 
 low-water mark " (Stimpaon). 
 
 Amphitrite cirriiata (Muller) Packard. 
 
 "Caribou Island, Strait of Belle Isle, eight fathoms, sandy bottom. 
 Catean Harbour, Long Island. Common along the whole coast " of Labra- 
 dor. " It constructa ita tubes of fine sand " (Packard). 
 
 GRVM.CA SPIRALIS, Verrill. 
 
 1874. Amer. Journ. 8c. snd ArU, Third Serien, vol. vii., p 407. 
 
 " Dredged in 1872, off Grand Manan Island, Bay of Fundy, in 60 fathoms " 
 (Verrill). 
 
:i 
 
 '] 
 
 H 
 
 nmUy An^hnrHUIm. 
 MuMirA omwTATA (San). 
 
 a^itllidfM eriMata, M. Sui (I8M). 
 JfefiniM criilala, Halmirmn (186S). 
 
 B»y al Fondy, on muddy bottoms, in 10 to 90 &tbrmi (V«rrill). 
 
 AifPHABni Geobxi, Maimgren. 
 
 Henley H.rbour, 8tr«t of Belle We. in 4 fothoM, not nnoommon 
 
 (Packard). 
 
 Ahprarbtb graciur, Malmgreu. 
 Bay o« Fundy, 10 to 90 fathoma < Verrill;. 
 
 Family Amphietenida. 
 
 ClrrSNIDU OKANOLATA (L). 
 
 PteUnaria Oranhndiea, Orube. 
 
 Common throughout the entire region, and northward, fr«m near low- 
 water mark to a depth of 50 fathoms, or mor«>. 
 
 CigTRNiDU BTPUBOREA, Malmgren. 
 
 Dredged by the writer, in 1873, in the Gulf of St. Lawmnce, a little to 
 ttie north of the Baie de« Chaleurs, between Cap D'Eepoir (Despair) and 
 Grand Pabou, in 50 fathoms, also between Antioosti and the Gasp,? peninsula 
 in from 110 to 220 fathoms. i««"nsuja, 
 
 Family Ammoehartdee. 
 OwMfiA (or AiiMocHARis) FILIF0R1II8, Delia ChiaJH. 
 
 Dredged by the writer, in 1873, to the S.S.W. of the e^t point of 
 
 . ^"^^ '"^ '''°'* ' '**'"*'' ^'"■* H"^ <C»P« B-^ton) "d the E. point 
 ^ P.E.I.; between Cape George, N.S.. and Port Hood ; to the N.E., and 
 N.E. by E., of Cape George; also between Antioosti and the Oasori 
 peninsula, in 1 10 to 220 fathoms. 
 
70 
 
 Ikaily Mtidtmidce. 
 Pbazilla Mulluu (San). 
 
 aynuiM MMtri, H. Sus (18H). 
 rnutUla Mulleri, Malmgran (M«S). 
 
 CbatMn B*]r, Strait of Belle Isle, 30 to 40 fathoms, in hard sand ; and 
 Gateau Harbour, Long Island, Labrador, in 15 fathoms, sand (Packard). 
 
 Pbazilla oracilis, Sars. 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, from various localities to the north, south and 
 south-east of the Island of Auticoeti, in from 100 to 112 fathoms, collected 
 by the writer in 1871. 
 
 NicoHAOBi LUMBRICALI8 (Fabrioius). 
 
 Sa'jella lumhrieali; O. Fabricitu (17W). 
 CtynKiw lutnbritali; Stimpaoii (186S). 
 yicomaeke lumbrita/U, Malmgren (1865). 
 
 Grand Manan, " tubes adherent to stones, shells, Ao., in deep water " 
 (Stimpson). Off Caribou Island, P.Q., in 8 fathoms, sand. *' This species 
 constructs its tu>.j of fine sand, a little more than a line in thickness and 
 two and a half inches long" (Packard). 
 
 AxiOTRBA catb<;ata, Malmgren. 
 Dredged by the writer, on the Bradelle Bank, in 1873. 
 
 Clthinklla torquata (Leidy). 
 
 CTymene lorquata, Leidjr (1805). 
 Cl^metuUa lorqttalo, Verrill (1873). 
 
 Bay of Fundy, low-water to 60 fathoms (Verrill). 
 
 Maldanb Sabsii, Malmxren. 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, dredged by the writer and determined by Professor 
 M'Intosh. 
 
; ! 
 
 '?! 
 
 7« 
 
 Family CimUulidm. 
 OnBATOLDs oiMHATDi (Fabrioiiu). 
 
 Zmmkritut eirratUM, O. Fahrioim (1780). 
 TtrtbtUa eirrata, StimpwD (18SS). 
 OirratMlut eimla, Paokwd (1867). 
 
 r.s„r" °"^ "^ «» *"- *--■ ?^) rjTjs 
 
 Family Sjnonidai. 
 ScoLBcoLiPw ciBRATA (Sara). Var. 
 
 Serine eirrata, M. San (1886). 
 SeoUeottpit eirrata, MalmKren (186ft) 
 
 PRI0S08PI0 SittHgTRDPi, MalmgrBn. 
 
 Dredged by the writer in the deep «•« mud (from 110 to 220 #.»i. . 
 between Antieoeti«»d the Oa,p^ ^ninaul., in ms L^ ?» u ^ 
 
 Bradelle Bank and Mi«»n I,Und^ ^45 fath^ m^uTaLd liTma^ 
 
 POLTDAEA COIfCHARCH, Verrill. 
 1880. Proc. U.S. Nat Muwnim, vol. i,., p. 174. 
 
 loiT'J **""""? *"*'°"«*'''"*"'''"""<^P« Cod '«»»--8cotia.in 10 to 
 100 fathoms, m tortuou., narrow galleries ex«vaf«l in .». ,,'*'"' ^^ ^ 
 
 C^na fslandica . alao in decayrj^ dZ^ ii 3, S "^f '^ "' 
 C^ Collected by the writer in the Bav oTS^J i^^f ""^f ,^r 
 18'- and subsequently at various localities whirJrSJi^'^i^the U J 
 P.sh Commusion in 1872. 1875. 1^77. 1878 «.d 1879" (Ve,^,,). ^ *"• 
 
 Family Cheetoptgritke. 
 
 8wocH«TOPTBBU8 TTPicus, Sars. 
 
 Chateau Bay. Strait of Belle Isle, in 30 to 40 fathoma h»«l . -i u 
 "Several fragments of tube, were llao found fo^Tn^ T ^ '*'*°"'' 
 at Caribou Island " (Packard). ^ q^ternwy beds 
 
77 
 
 Funily TaUthuia. 
 
 Abcmioola pucatobom, Lunarck. 
 
 Orwid M»n»n, " oommon on »ndy shore* above low-water mwk, especially 
 where there are scattered boulders » (Stimpson). "A specimen was foand 
 in the st03iach of a codfish, taken in 16 to 20 fathom^ at Belles Amours," 
 on the northern side of the Strait of Belle Isle (Packard). 
 
 Familj CMwamidas. 
 SiPHONOsTOMUM ASPKRUM, Stimpson. 
 1863. Synop*. Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. 31. 
 Grand Manan Island, "dredged in the Hake Bay, on a shelly bottom, in 
 25 fathoms " (Stimpson). Salmon Bay, east of Esquimaux Bay, on the north 
 shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, just insideof the Strait of Belle Isle, " at 
 a depth of 10 fathoms, on a muddy bottom " (Packard). 
 
 TlCTUBELLA FLACCIDA, StimptiOn. 
 1853. 3yno|w. Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. 32. 
 Grand Manan TsUnd, "among nullipores and sheik in 3-16 fathoms. A 
 few specimens, which must be very closel)' allied to, if not identical with 
 the Siphonottonmm vagini/erum of Ralhke, described at length by R. 
 Leuokart, in Wiegman's Archiv. for 1849, vol. i., p. 1P4 " (Stimpson). 
 
 Brada grakosa, Stimpson. 
 IS.T.T Synope. Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. 32. 
 Grand Manan, " on sandy bottoms in 4-6 fathoms " (Stimpson). 
 
 Brada 8VBL.i;vi8, Stimpson. 
 
 1863. Op. cit„ p. 32. 
 Grand Manan, "dredged on nullipore and muddy bottoms in the lami 
 narian zone" (Stimpson). 
 
 Trophovia plumosa (Miiller). 
 
 AmphitrUe plumaa. Milliter (1770): and f). FabrioiuH (1780). 
 
 Trovkonui plumnm, Johnatnn (I8«i,"i). 
 
 Hiplmiiubmium plumoium, P.ickanl (18«7). 
 Off Cap dea lUwiers lighthouce, in 125 fathoms, dredged by the writer in 
 1871. 'Dredged at Caribou Islam!, in 8 fathoms of water, on a sandy 
 bottom," by Dr. A. «. PackarrI in 1860, and determined by the late Dr. 
 Stimpson. 
 
rmMj Spharodoridm. 
 
 EmMIA OBAOIUl, IUtbk«L 
 
 Oulf of St. UwTMuw, off Cq> dM Romra lighthooM, in 1S6 UOtoaiM, 
 drtdgad by the writer with the preoeding epeoiea. 
 
 Another ipeciei ofX/AMia (appkrently from the writer's dredging* in the 
 Oelf of St I^wrenoe) i* mentioned ont not doMsribed, under the nune X. 
 CmmidtniU, by ProieeMir M'Intoeh, on page 362, of the twelfth volame of 
 the Zoological Reporto ol H.H.S. Challenger. 
 
 Family SealU>rtgmida. 
 
 EnMuu OU88A, CEnted. 
 
 Dredged by the writer, in 1878, between Antioosti and the Oatp^ penin- 
 rala, in from 110 to 230 fathome. 
 
 SoAUBBIOItA IRFLATUM, Rathke. 
 
 Dredged by the writer, with the preceding ipeoies, in deep water, between 
 ▲ntiooati and the Qaap^ penineola, in 1872 ; aUo, on the Orphan Bank, in 
 1873. 
 
 Family OpMiida. 
 
 AmioTRTPANC AULOoAsrut, Rathke. 
 
 Oulf of 8t Lawrence, off Cap dea Rosiera lightbouae, in 125 fathoms, and 
 at oeveral localitiee to the north, south and south-east of the Island of 
 Anticosti, in from 100 to 113 fathoms, dredged by the writer in 1871. 
 
 AmmotrtI'ave fimbriata, Verrill. 
 
 1873. V. a Fi•^ Ocanm. Rep. for 1871-72, p. 004. 
 Bay of Pundy, 10 to 9') fathoms mud (Verrill). 
 
 Ophelia limaciha, Rathke. 
 
 N.N.E. of ShediM Island, N.B.. in 5 fathoms, sand, dradged by the 
 writer in 1873. 
 
 Opbblia olabka, Stimpaon. 
 
 1868. Syoopa. Murina Invert. Uruid Muun, p. TO. 
 Grand Manan, " dredged on muddy bottoms in deep water " (Stimpgon). 
 
79 
 FsBily Arieiida. 
 NAtooimiii qcAOMcuspiiu, fiUinvUU (Ada Yerrill). 
 ArMm pia i H n ufi t {f) Onib* i Ada 8tim|Moii (IMS). 
 
 Onnd Mmimi, "the imAll upeoimra taken wm too naob injoNd for 
 ««tMnt7 ai reference " (StimpMu). 
 
 SooMPLoa OAXADiiran, M'Intoab. (M. &) 
 Off Ptort Hood, G«pe Breton lalMd, dredged by the writar in 1873. 
 
 Family Glyetrida. 
 Rbtnchobolob capitatui ((Ersted). 
 
 Wyctm eapiUla, (Ented (1»IS) ; and 8tiin|Mou (WW). 
 JtfcjnwAoMiM capitatui, Verrill (1874). 
 
 Orutd Manan, "at lev- water mark, under atonea, on aandy ahoraa " 
 (Stimpaon). 
 
 Family Goniattidot. 
 GoiriADA MACULATA, (Ented. 
 aiimera viridtteetu, Stin.^iMn (I8fi3) ; fid* Verrill. 
 Grand Manan (8timp«on) ; Bay of Fundy, 20 to 70 fathoma (Verrill) ; 
 off Chebucto Head, Halifax Harbour.in 20 fatboma, U. 8. Fish Commiaaion, 
 1873 (Smith and Harger). Gulf of .St. Lawrrnoe, at aeveral localitiea to the 
 north, south and south-east of the Island of Anticosti, in from 100 to 112 
 fathoma, dredged by the writer in 1871. 
 
 Family OnupMida. 
 
 Lbodice vivida (Stiinpnon). 
 
 Kuniec vivula, 9timp<ion (1863). 
 Leodiee vi^nda, VerriU (1873). 
 
 Grand Manan (Stimpaon). 
 
 NoTHBiA C0!tCHYLB.iA (Sars). 
 
 Onupku eoMkgUga, Sun (1836). 
 
 OnupkU etckricklii, (Er«t*d (1843) : Stimpson (1853) ; and Packard (1867). 
 
 Ifotkria conekjfUga, T'.u igrvn (1867) ; et auot. 
 
 Grand Manan, " taken on .liuily bottoms in the coralUne zone." " The 
 tube ia broad, flatand composed of large aoguiar fragments of shellsand chipa 
 
80 
 
 o< (Uty •tonM " (BUmpjoa). U Have BmIc, Not. Bootia, in 40 ftitbooM, 
 ▼«7 klmndant,— «Bd ia 60 (athonu, •bundMt, U. a Fuh Commiwioii, 1872, 
 (Smith Mid Hwger). H.M.S. Ohallonger, StMioo 49 (Mat iO, 1878) 
 •oath of HftUfM. NoT» Sooti.. in 8ft (Mhom.. fmrol Mid ■tooM. " In the 
 ■ iMtMioM from Sutioa 49, tb« tubM an compoMd of ti^gmnito <d «b«U« 
 with • few itoRM, Mid tbor^or* are in eontrMt with thoM frvwi the Oulf of 
 St. UwrMMO, CmimU, which (tabee) mn almoet wholly fbnned of email 
 •tonee " (M'Intoeh). Common at many looaliUee in the Oulf of St. Lawranoa, 
 at OKMMrate depthe, down to 125 fathom^ dredged by the writer in 1871, 
 1872, and 1873. North ehore of the Oulf of St. Lawranon at Salmon Bay, 
 in 16 fathomi ; and Chateau Bay, Strait of Belle Isle, in 26 to 30 fathomi ] 
 aleo Oatean Harbour, ooast of Labrador, in 16 fathoms sand (Paokard). 
 
 Ohupbis noviJL, De Quatrrfagei. 
 Oulf of St Lawrenoo, Whiteavea (M'Intoeh). 
 
 Family Sunieida. 
 Ei/mca CErstkdii, Stimpeon. 
 
 18M. Synoia. Mcrinfi Invort Unnd Mmmii, p. M. 
 Grand Manan, "dredgedin 20fathomi on a ahellv bottom, off the northern 
 point of Duck Inland " (Slimpeon). H.M.S. CImllenger, ;Station 49 (May 
 20, 1873), south of Halifax. Nova Sootia, in 85 fathoms, ijravel and stones 
 (M'Into«h). 
 
 Family Lumbrintsmida. 
 
 LCMBRICOKIREIS FKAniLIS (Miiller). 
 
 iMmbrUmtfngili*, O. F. MlUIer (1776). 
 Lu/nbru-ontrii/nffili,, fEntcil (1843). 
 Lumhrinertu fraffili; Mklmgivn (1867). 
 
 Bay of Pundy and Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, from low-water mark to 
 430fathoms (Verrill). Gulf of St Uwrenoe, about half way between the 
 S. W. point of the Island of Antioosti and the Uasp^ peninsula, in 200 
 fathoms, mud, dredged by the writer in 1871. 
 
 Family NereidtL. 
 
 X«BKI8 (LVCORIS) PELAflICA, L 
 Helmmem$ anticu ((Enit«Kl) Packard. 
 Everywhere throughout the entire region, from low-w^tor mark to 106 
 fathoms, or more. Bay of Fundy (VeriH); Nova .•^c.tia, Le Have Bank 
 
81 
 
 (Smith Mid H»rgw) ; ami H.M.H. Ch»ll«ii|ir, Statioa 40 (Mlntodi). 
 Oooun frM)nentl; (ram Anticosli, to Hqnkn ItUnd, (UbrMlur) in 10 to 30 
 (atbooM I'FMkMnd) ; OrMnUnd ((Eratwl). 
 
 A (oMil ({Molmsii, in a nodule from Urern't Crrak, oMur OtUwa, hM 
 refarred U* this spadM bj Hir J. W Dawaon. 
 
 Nbmii viMxa, Sara. 
 
 SmU grmudi*, Htitii|i«>n (1W3)s «dr Vmill. 
 Grand Manan, "at low-wat«r, under large itonea " (Stimpion). New 
 Haven, at low-water, northward to I^brador (Verrill). 
 
 Nrrkib abvuicou, Stimpeon. 
 
 186S. Hynupk Marine Invert. Unnd Muuui, p. 8S. 
 Urand Maiwn, in 40 fathoma mud, ofif Long IMand (Stimpson). 
 
 Nrhiii irii, .Stiropaon. 
 
 1868. Op. cit., |). S3. 
 
 Grand Manan, in 20 fatbomt, north of Ducic Iiland. " It wa« found in a 
 thin leathery tube, encased with small pebbles " (Stimpson). 
 
 Nbhbis dbkticulata, Stimpaon. 
 
 1863. Op. cit., p. SS. 
 
 Grand Manan, at low-water mark (Stimpaon). 
 
 Family Syllidm. 
 
 ED»ri.U8 TUBinx, Gosae. 
 
 H.M.8. Challenger, dredged near Station 48 (May 8, 1873)off Le Have 
 Bank, Nova Sootia, on a rocky bottom, in 61 bthoms (M'Intoah). 
 
 Family Pk^llodocidtr. 
 
 Etbonb ctundrica, (Ersted. 
 
 North shore of the dtrait of Belle Isle, at Belles Amours, in 6 fathoms 
 of water, on a mudr'y bottom ^Packard). 
 6 
 
M 
 
 Prtuoooci Umiiilavdioa, CEntod 
 
 Orand Mmmii, "not «iM)oaiiiH» in 3ft fetbonM, •bally bouaa, bMk of 
 Vuek Iriutd, A l»rg» fariKht git>Mi (poeiM" (SUmpMia). Pn>qMnt At 
 OMibov lalMid, in 8 fothoma Mnd ; M Uelle* AaMwra, in ft fsUMnia, mud : 
 •nd •! Hquara Iiland, Uhr»dor, in 10 to 30 ImIhmm, on • aholW >«tloai 
 (FMkard). 
 
 Phtllooocii catkkula, Verrill. 
 1WS, V. H. Kirfi C<«iBi. Kop. dw Wt Mil IdTa, |>, BUT. 
 
 '* Vary common in Uie Etejr u( Fundjr, from Kiw-wntor to 60 fathom*" 
 (Vwrill). 
 
 Fnmily A'epthpdidir. 
 Nkphthti ciliata (Mtiller). 
 
 JTertii rilinla. O, K. MulW (l~6). 
 Ittrktkf korralit, (Kntort (IIMS). 
 Sepktkm cUMn, IUtlikr|ta«). 
 
 Grand Msnui, dredxad in Sft fathom* mud, n^«r Ilxck Taland, and in 40 
 iRtboma mud, off Long laland. "The Kpeciraon* found were mo*tly jot 
 bUch ;8timp«on). (Julf of 8t Uwrenco, abundant, dredfued hj the writer 
 and identiflod hj Profe*wr M'Intosh. 
 
 NcPiiTHva o*.<;a (Fabriciu*). 
 
 Nrrtit mca. <). Fkbridiu (1780). 
 Kepktk), eina, (KihUkI (IHtt) ; et »uct. 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, dredged by the writer and identified by Pnifesaor 
 M'lntoah. " Abundant on the whole ooaat " (of the north ahore of the Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence, ju»t initide of the Strait of Belle Isle, and of Ijibrador). 
 "eapecially the young, which were dredged in deep, soft mud, in Halmon 
 Bay and Belles Amour*," P. Q., "in from fi to 20 fathoms, and at Cateau 
 Harbour,' Labrador, " in 16 fathoms, aand. Chateau Bay, 30 fathom*, hard 
 «andy bottom " (Packard). 
 
 Nrphthtr LOMOiaBTOHA, (Ented. 
 
 "Off Anticosti, Mr. Whiteaves" (M'lntosh): and dredged by Packard 
 at B«'lles Amours, at a depth of 6 fathoms, on a muddy Ijottoro. 
 
MRnmin iscim, MAlagnw. 
 
 Sifklkf Mfxu, HtinpHia i U> VvniU. 
 OrMMl Manaa, in d««p w»t«r, ona ipraimen (Httafwoa). Baf of Fundf, 
 10 to 60 fatboma, Vorrill ; whv My* that it ii ib« "moat oommon and 
 abundant aparitta on muddy bottoma along the whola Nair Kogland cuaal" 
 It oocura at all daptba from 3 to 430 fathom*." 
 
 NcPHTHYi riOTA, Khieni. 
 
 Dradgf^ I7 th« writar, in the (iulf of Ht. I^wmnco, ofTCap Bon Ami, ais 
 miles from tA\att, on k atony bottom, in SO fathunu, in 1 87 1 ; alao Iwtwaan 
 Cape Uaap^ and Cap dea Rotii-^ra, in 7A to 80 fathom*, Mtonrv, in 1972. 
 
 NapiiTHTa CANADBNaiH, M'lntoah. 
 
 19un. Ann. and MaH. Nat. HKt,, iVr. vii., viil. v., p. SB4. 
 Dredged by the writer, in the UuK of 8t. I^nrranoe, between Capu (ta«p4 
 and Cap doa Roaiera, in 7n to 60 fathoma, and right inilaa KV.. of Honavan- 
 tare laland, in 06 fathoma, in 1873 , alao, on the Bradalle Bank, in 1873 ; 
 and deacribed from thrae looalitiea by Profaaitor U'Intceh. 
 
 NirTHTM Lawhhcii, M'lntoah. 
 
 iwm. (>|i. cit.. p. 'iits. 
 
 Deaoribad from apecimana drodgad by the writer in tba Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence 08 Cap(> Caap^ and Cap dea Uoaien, in 1 872 ; alao on tha Bradelle Bank, 
 and off Port Hood, Cape Breton, in 1873. 
 
 Family •'>\galionidir. 
 PHOLOii Mini-TA (Fabrioiua). 
 
 AfkmiiH minuia, U. FaliruiiM (I'HO). 
 Pttoloif minula, (Kntod (1M.1I. 
 
 Uttlf of St Lawrence, Whiteavt^ (M'lntoah) ; and north aliore of the 
 Gulf, at Hellea Araoura Harbour, Uradore Bay, juat inaide the Strait of Belle 
 lale, on a muddy bottom, in eight fathnini (Packard). 
 
 Pholoe tecta, Stimpaon. 
 
 1MS3. f4ynu|jii. Marinx Invrit. tinnd M^nan, p. 3tl. 
 
 Grand Manan, " dredged in 4 fathoma, on a bottom of coane aand and 
 nulliporea " (.Stimpaon). 
 6* 
 
mm 
 
 ■MiikMMI 
 
 ■IIW 
 
 immmt 
 
mato c en mmuition tht chait 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TtST CHAKT 1^. 2) 
 
 1.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 ■ai2J 
 
 us 
 
 Itt 
 
 u 
 
 133 
 
 IM 
 
 L2.5 
 
 12.2 
 
 12.0 
 
 |g|U 
 
 jA 
 
 i^PPLEDJV^MGE Ine 
 
 '»53 EoM ttain StrM 
 
 "^ "ort 14<M u« 
 
 (71«) ♦« - OJOO - Phon. 
 
 (7i») aa - s»m - f<» 
 
ill 
 
 84 
 
 Leaxira tbtbaoona, CErated. 
 
 Dredged by the writer in the Gulf of 8t Lawrence, off Cap des Roeiers, in 
 110 fathoms on coarse sand and stones in 1872 ; and between Anticosti and 
 the Oasp^ peninsula in 1 10 to 220 fathoms, in 1873. 
 
 LsANtRA Yhleni, 7 Malmgren. 
 Off the a W. Point of Anticosti, in 210 fathoms, 1873 (Whiteaves). 
 
 Stbenblais lihicola, Ehlers. 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence (Whiteaves) M'Intosh. 
 
 Family I'olynoidai. 
 Harmotroe ihrricata (L.) 
 
 Aphrodita imbrieata, L. (1767). 
 
 Apkrodita cirrata, Muller (1776) ; and O. Fabriciut (1780). 
 LepidonoU eirrala, CErated (1843) ; and Stimpaon (1858). 
 Barmotkoe imbrieata, Malmgren (U65). 
 
 Grand Manan, taken about low-water mark ; of a bright pink or violet 
 colour (Stimpeon) ; " in the Bay of Fundy it is common from above low- 
 water mark to 60 fathoms " (Verrill). Nova Scotia, on the Le Have Bank, 
 in 45 and 60 fathoms ; and off Chebucto Head, Halifax Harbour, in 20 
 fathoms, U. S. Fish Commission, 1872 (Smith and Harger). North shore 
 of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, at Caribou Island, in 8 fathoms, sand ; Atlantic 
 coast of Labrador, at Sloop Harbour, twenty-five miles south of Cape Hai^ 
 risen, in 6 to 8 fathoms, sand, common ; at Cateau Harbour, in 15 fathoms 
 sand ; and at Sandwich Bay, Dumplin Harbour, in 4 fathoms (Packard). 
 Probably common throughout the whole region. 
 
 " This species is very variable in the colour of its scales (elytra), which in 
 some individuals are uniformly pale, in others partially red, while others 
 have a central spot, and a broad dark, curved band " (Packard). 
 
 PoLVNOE OAsp^ENsis, M'lntosh. 
 
 1874. Ann. and Ma(f. Nat. Hist., Ser. iv., vol. xni., p. 267. 
 This species was described from specimens dredged by the writer in 
 to 212 fathoms off the Island of Anticosti, and in various parts of the Guif 
 of St. Lawrence, in 1872. 
 
85 
 
 yEMiDiA (?) LAvrBKNCii, M'Intosh. 
 
 1874. Op. cit., p. 286. 
 Oulf of St. Lawrence, Whiteavea, (MTntosh). 
 
 Nemioia (?) Caxadbssib, 31 Jntosh. 
 
 1874. Op. cit., p. 263. 
 Oulf of St. Lawrence, Whiteaves (M'Intosh.) 
 
 EopoLYjroE ANTIC0STIESSI8, Jl'Intosh. 
 
 1874. Op. cit., p. 265. 
 " DreJgei rather abundantly " by the writer " in various parts of the 
 Oulf of St. Lawrence, in 1»73." 
 
 EUPOLTXOE occiDBNTALis, M'Intosh. 
 
 1874. Op. cit., p. 2C4. 
 
 ? Eurranta vUlota (Malmgren) Verrill. 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, dredjted by the writer in 1872, off Cape Gasp^ and 
 Cap des Hosiers, in 1 10 fathoms, stones and coarse B«nd, but only one 
 imperfect specimen was obtained. Professor Verrill thicks that E. occi- 
 deiUalu is identical with Eucranta viUota, Malmgren. 
 
 Antinoe Saksii, Kinberg. 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, not uncommon, Whiteaves (M'Intosh). 
 
 Malmgrenia WHiTEAVEaii, M'Intosh. 
 
 1874. Op. cit., p. 2f>3. 
 A single small specimen, about a quarter of an inch lung, dredged between 
 Anticosti and the Gasp^ peninsula, in 110 to 220 fathoms, was detected in 
 one of the collections forwarded to Professor M'Intosh by the writer. 
 
 Lagisca rarispina (.Sars). 
 
 Le Have Bank, Nova Scotia, U. 8. Tish Commission, 1872, Smith and 
 Harger (Verrill). 
 
86 
 Laoisca BARtSPiNA, var. occidextalis, M'Intosh. 
 1874. Op. cit., p. 382. 
 
 Golf of St. Lawrence, collected by the writer and described by Profeisor 
 M'Intusb, 
 
 EuNOA NODOSA, (Sars). 
 
 Le Have Bank, Nova Scotia, in 4.5 and CO fathoms, U. S. Fish Comniiti- 
 ■ion, 1872, Smith and Harder (Verrill) ; Gulf of St. Lawrence, Whiteaves 
 (M'Intosh). 
 
 Eu.voA CEritbdi, Malmgren. 
 
 Dredged by the writer on the Orphan Bank, opposite the mouth of the 
 Bale des Chaleurs, in 1872. 
 
 !t 
 
 EuROA SPINUL08A, Verrill. 
 
 1880. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mtueuni, vol. ii., p. l(5!l. 
 
 " Sable Island Bank, off Nova Scotia, Captain McPhee, schooner Carl 
 Schurz, November, 1878 (U. S. Fish CommiKsion)," Verrill. 
 
 NvciiiA CIRRU08A (Pallas). 
 
 Le Have Bank, Nova Scotia, in Af) fathoms, U. S. Fish Commixsion, 1872, 
 Smith and Harger (Verrill). Gulf of St. Lawrence, abundant in the 
 writer's dredgings (M'Intosh). 
 
 Nychia Amosdseni, MaImL>ren. 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, rather plentiful in the writer's collections. " A 
 specimen of Selenium poli/noe^, Kroyer, was attached to the ventral aspect 
 of a foot of one " (M'Intosh). 
 
 LePIDONOTCS 8QUAUATU8 (L.). 
 
 Aphrodita tquantata, h. (1767). 
 Aphrtjditt pwncUita^ Miiller (1776). 
 Poliinoe Ujuamata, ttimld (1841). 
 Lepidonote punetata, (Ersted (184.'!). 
 LepidoJWtHS tquamatuSf Malmgren (1665). 
 
 Throughout the entire region, abundant, from above low-water mark to a 
 depth of SO fathoms. 
 
87 
 
 Family Aphroditida. 
 
 L-ETMOKICE FILIC0HXI8, Kinberg. 
 
 One or two examples of thU species were recognized by Professor M'lntosh 
 in the writer's Oulf of St. Lawrence dredgin)^ ir 1871-73. 
 
 L-ETMosiCE ARMATA, Verrlll. 
 
 WJ. I'nic. U. S. Nat. Mu8«>uni, vol. ii., p. 1B!I. 
 
 " Common on muddy bottoms in the Hay of Fundy and Oulf of Maine, in 
 5C to 150 fathoms. Collected first in 1864, 186.') and 1868, ' by Professor 
 Verrill and S. I. Smith, " and sul)se<iuently by the U. S. Fish Commission, 
 in many localities." 
 
 " It differs from />. filiconiia, with which it was iormerly identified by me, 
 not only in ha\ing a much smaller median anUmna, but also in the character 
 of the s<-U', etpecially those of the ventral fascicule. Whether the Oulf of 
 St. Lawrence specimens, recorded by M'lntosh as L. filieomii, belong to 
 this species, is uncertain" (Verrill). 
 
 L.ETM0NICB PROUUOTA, Orube, var. assimilis, M'lntosh. 
 
 18S5. H.M.S. Chal!ung«T Reports, Z<ioli«y, vol. XII., p. 4. 
 H. M.S. Challenger, dredged at Station 49 (May :20, 1873) south of Halifax, 
 Nova Scotia, in 85 fathoms, j^ravel and itonei. 
 
 Aphbodita aculeata, L. 
 
 Orand Man&n, " a Sne large species, often four inches^in length, which is 
 takenoccasionally in deep water" (Stimpson); Bay of Fundy, 10 to 106 
 fathoms, mud (Verrill). Oulf of St. Lawrence, several young examples, in 
 the writer's 1871-73 collections (M'lntosh). 
 
 Family Eu}>hrosynidl^. 
 Spisther ciTBisi's (Stimpson), 
 
 Crijplontita vitrina, Stiniii«on (l!*5.'l). 
 Spiiilher ci(rin«», M'lntonh (1S*74). 
 
 Grand Manan, " dredged on a gravelly and somewhat muddy bottom, in 
 35 fathoms in the Hake Bay " (Stimpson). 
 
88 
 
 Et-paRosrxi borralis, (Enied. 
 
 Gt*nd Mwaa, "it £n>qnente muddy bottoms" (Stimpson). H.M8 
 Chjdlenger. Sution 4»(M.y 20. 1873) south of Halifax. Nova Scotia, in 85 
 fathom., gravel and stone.. Not in Mr. Whiteave.' dredging. " (M'Intosh). 
 
 (Ineerta $«di$). 
 
 BiroifiLLA RiCAHiNATA. Stimpson. 
 
 IHM. Sjmopi. Marine InTrrt. (}r»nd Manan, p. 84. 
 
 T,""^,^"""* "'*""'*'''"''•'* •* low-water mark, at High Duck 
 •Uland (StimpMn). 
 
 OEPHYREA. 
 
 CH.«nFERA. 
 
 Stbrnaspis fossor, Stimpwn. 
 
 1S6S. 8ynop*. Marine Invert. Gr. Manan, p. 29. 
 Grand Manan, on muddy bottom, in the coralline zone (Stimpwn) Com- 
 mon in the Bay of Fundy in 10 to 90 fathom^ mnd (Verrill, 1873). 
 
 VI 
 
 ACH^ETA. 
 
 Pbasoolosoma cxhrntarium (DeQuatrefages). 
 
 Phateolotoma Bemkardiu, Pourtalea (1852). 
 Bipuneviv Semkardu; Stiniiiron (1863) ; non Forbes. 
 SipunciUui cametUariut, De Quatrefagvi (1866). 
 Phafeolotoitta cametUarium, Verrill (18731. 
 
 Grand Manan, "common in the coralline zone, in sheila of Dmtalium 
 eepecially " (Stimpson). Bay of Fundy, 2 to 90 fathoms, abundant ( Verrill) 
 Le Have Bank, N.S., in 45 fathoms (Smith and Harger). Common in the 
 shells of small gasteropoda, such as Lunatia, Bda, and especially Kas»a 
 tnvtUata, everywhere between Prince Edward and Cape Breton islands and 
 throughout NorthumberUnd Strait. Dredged by the writer in 1873 and 
 determined by Profeuor Verrill. ' 
 
 Phascolosoha hamulatcm. Packard. 
 T867. Mem. Boaton Soc. Nat. Hi«t., vol. i., p. 290. 
 "But one specimen was taken in eight fathoms. Caribou Island, Strait 
 of Belle Isle, inhabiting a dead shell of Aporrhais occidentalu" (Packard) 
 " Perhaps the same as P. cmnentarinm " (Verrill). 
 
 I! i 
 
89 
 
 FIIA8C0L080MA BORBALB, Kcfersteio. 
 
 1H74. Pnw. Amer. Auoc. Adv. 8c. for 1873, |i. S87. 
 "Gulf of St. Lawrence '<Vhiteave»," 1972. "The types arc from Green- 
 land " ( Verrill). 
 
 PiiAscoLiOK Ti'uicoLA, Verrill. 
 
 PkaKii'omma tuhieola, Verrill (lH7.t). 
 PkaKulipn liil.ieoln, Htilenka itn.1 ilc Man (1883). 
 
 H.M.». Challenger, Htatiou 49 (.May 20, 1873) south of Halifax, Nov? 
 Scotia, in 85 fathoms. 
 
 Priapulvs cAUDATi-8? T.«marck. 
 
 Bololkuritt priaput of LIniii', and O. FaliriciuK. 
 Specimens that have lieen referred to this specie.', but with xoine doubt as 
 to the accuracy of the identiticatiun, were dredf(ed by the writer, in 1873, 
 off Cape George, N.S., and at th? entrance to Gaspe Bay. 
 
 Priapuli-s pyom.hu.s, Verrill. 
 
 18-9. Proc. V.S. Nat. Museum, vol. ii., p. 182. 
 Bay of Fundj, 4 to 5 fathoms, soft mud, U. S>. Fish Coiiimissiou, 1872 
 (Verrill). .Specimens dredged by the writer off Port Hood, Cafie Breton, 
 which seems to differ from those here i-eferred, with doubt, to /'. cauJatun, 
 may be referable to /'. jnfijmoeHt. 
 
 BRACHIOPODA 
 
 ARTICtIL.\TA. 
 
 Family TerebratnlMr. 
 Terehrati'lisa septestrioxai.is (Couthouy). 
 
 Terelmtula srptcntriotutlin, Couthouy (18.S9). 
 Tcnhiiituta enput tcrftnlit, (Jould (1811). 
 Tfrehmtulinu tep!mtrimuilit, (iould (1870). 
 
 Grand Manan, common (Stimpson) ; Passamaquoddy Hay, dredged in IC 
 fathoms in Friars Cove, and Beaver Harbour (Charlotte County) N.B. 
 (Ganong). Halifax Harbour, common (Willis, — and J. M. Jones) ; I<e Have 
 Bank, in 45 and 60 futhom.>t, and off Chebucto Head, Halifax Harbour, in 20 
 fathoms (Smith and Harger) ; H.M.S. Challenger, Statim 49, south of 
 Halifax, in 85 fathoms (Davidson, 1880). In the Gulf < . 5t. Lawrence, a 
 
M 
 
 few Hpeciniena wrre dredged by the writer, off Cliarleton Point, Antico»ti, io 
 120f«thonn,aii<lofftheK»«t Point Lighthoui^, twenty four luile* <li»t»nt, 
 in 212 fathom*, in 1871 ; alio between Antiionti and thti GMp.: peninral*. 
 in from 200 to 220 f»thorn», in 187.J. Rev. Canon N.,,m«n regard* T. up- 
 lenlriona/u aa only a variety of T. caput Mrp«nti», and the supposed " thin, 
 •ilvery fibroun epidermis " of the former, an a " hJMpiil coatinx of itponge."* 
 
 Tbrkiiratai,u Spitzrkrokxhir 'l)avifi-uti). 
 
 TerthmttUa Spiltbtrgtnnn, iMviilmn (ICM). 
 Wnliihrimia cniiiium, Willi" (1H«:«) ; noii Miill^r, up. 
 TmhmUilin SpUshfrfftntiii, Utwohnr (Hid). 
 
 St. Margarets Bay (about twenty-five miles west of Halifax), N 8., one 
 Hpeoimen, the tTald/uiimia cranium of Willi.' list.t In the Gulf of 8t 
 Lawrence, T. Spilzbergetuu has been drwlged, but ulwiiys sparinj^ly, by the 
 writer, oil Perw?, in Oasp^ Bay, off Cup* (iasp^. Cap des Hosiers, Charleton 
 Point, Anticosti, and other places, ih from 30 to 120 fatho.us ; and by Sir 
 J. W. Dawson, at Murray Bay, in from 20 to 25 fathoms. The species 
 seems to be circumpolar, as it has W-n taken also at Greenland, Spitzbergen, 
 th.- Shetlands, and northern Japan. In Canada, it hat been found fossil in 
 the Leda clay at Uiviere du Ixiup. 
 
 Tereuratklla Labradorenhis (Sowerby). 
 
 Trrtbmtula Liihmilnrennia, Sowerby. 
 T rebratella LaliraiUirrntit, D.ividxon. 
 
 " In the British Museum, from Labrador. C.Goodsir " (Sowerby). "Stimp- 
 son. Fishery Banks, rare " (Willis). " Type in British Museum, species 
 requiring more investigation (Davidson, 1880). Sowerby's figure of this 
 species represenU a Nmall terebratuloid shell, with a large foramen to the 
 ventral, and the dorsal radially plicate. In the writer's judgment, its 
 occurrence on the Labrador and Nova Scotian coast needs confirmation. 
 
 Dall, in a recent letter to the writer, says : " I have never seen it, and 
 srspect it was a very young specimen of the very variable T. caur-na, Gould 
 ( ' T. transversa, Sowerby). "Anyhow I should reject it as N.E. American." 
 
 TerebraUlla Frielei, Davidson, has been recorded by Jeffreys as occurring 
 near Halifax, in 1,340 fathoms, but that locality is obviou.<ily too far from 
 land to come within the limits of this paper). 
 
 * In .\niulH and Magaiinf of Natural Hintory, .Series Six, vol. xii., |ip. 441 442. 
 t " In a StS. of StimfBon's in my (icwiietMon he notes that Willis' W. rmnium is a var. 
 of T. SpUzlifTfrrntis, from examination of Willig' Bjiecimen." Dall, in letter dated March 20> 
 
91 
 Family Khj/nckonHll '•({•> 
 
 HeMITIIYHIi* PhlTTAOKA ( CillU'lill). 
 
 • Annmia i:iiiltii>i<i,i\m-\\n [\TK), 
 
 Hkinu-humltil pritl'irril, Owen {.XKVt) \ ft all.t. 
 H'milhfiritptiltiiiKi, Orliiifiiy (1H4T). 
 Hfifnllinri' psilliica, Kilitl (Wi<)). 
 
 Abundant and gregarioun throughout tlin whole region, usmilly on ii stony 
 or rocky Iwttoni. In thp Uult' and mouth of the Hiver St. ijiwrenee it ha» 
 liecii takt-n <tt many localitie-, at depths of froui about 10 u> hO or 60 
 fathomn, but on th- Ijibrador ooa»t it has l)een dredgwl in as shallow water 
 aH one fathom. In IM9C, Mr. A. P. Uw collectod large iind perfect valves 
 of it on the lie nil at lliehmond (iulf, on the east coast of Hwlson Bay. It 
 has long Ijeen known to tie n circuuipoiar ipecies, with a very wide di-.tribu- 
 lion on both side.s of the nottli Atlantic and PaciHc. 
 
 In eastern Canada //. paittaeea has iieen fouml fassil in the Pleist()Ci'ne of 
 Anticosti, Uivi.'>re du Loup, Beauport and Montreal ; also at Tertiary Bay, 
 Ijibrador, by Packaid ; at CajMi Hope ( Drexler) and Mill Point, near Moose 
 Factory, .fames Bay, by Bell : and at the Limestone Uapids of the Fawn 
 Branch of the Severn Kiver, Ke.-w.itin, by Low in 1886. 
 
 On page 1248 of the Appendix to Dr. Paul Fischer's " Manuel de Con- 
 chyliolr !ie " Dr. fEhlert gires " Kst du Can tda " as one of the loculitiea for 
 CUtella cislelMd (siearles Wood), but does not state exactly where, when or 
 by whom, it was collected. He also, on the same page, cites Labrador as a 
 locality for A tret la i/nomon, though he subsctjuently states, on page VVJS of 
 the same volume, that Deslongchamps considers Atretia to be the try of 
 RhynchoneUa (HfmithjrtK) pxii.lncn. 
 
 POLYZOA. 
 
 CHEILOSTOMATA. 
 
 Family Eucrnliid 
 
 Uemellaria loricata (L. ) 
 
 Srrtnhria torifftttt, \t. (I75.S). 
 tiniulUtrin fortvattt. Hunk (1K*)2). 
 fi'evtflhtrin tt'iUiiii, !)iiwcon (I.Stk 
 
 "Very common in Casco Bay and Bay of Fundy, low-water to 1 10 fathoms" 
 (Verrill, 1873). Sable Island {O: WillUii) : Sir .1. W. Dawson. Dredged 
 at many localities in theGulf of St. Lawrence by the writer in 1871-73. It 
 occurs also on the coast of British Columbia, and is probably circujnpolur. 
 
93 
 OmibLAau LomoATA, r«r. Ambeioaka. 
 
 (UnuUarUi Hmmom, Stimpnun (IMIS). 
 
 W«wrf/«rta loHenla, rar. Aitrieatia |L*ni<innii) ; V*rrin(t(t79). 
 
 OwBd MunM, "dredged in 10 fAtbomt, off ChMiay's Hmd, on • OMne, 
 ••ndjr, and lomewbat weedy bottom " (Stiiupaon). 
 
 ScRVPARiA ciavata, Hincki. 
 " AbundMt ia St Uwrene* dredging*, on Cri$ia " (Hinclw). 
 
 Family Cellularidw. 
 
 ClLLVLARU PbACIIII, Buak. 
 
 B«y of Fnndy (Verrill). Hpecimena dredged in the Oulf of St. Lawrence 
 by Sir /. \V. DawMn and the writer, have been identified with thi, »peoie« 
 by Rev. T. Hinoki and Canon Norwan. Caribou Wand,— "it occurred 
 rarely on PeeUii in SO" fathom* ; Henley Harbour, Strait of Belle I*le, in 1 
 fathom* ; and Hopedale, Labrador, in 10 fatbomi, rocky bottom (Packard). 
 
 Mbxipra tbrrata (EIHi and Solander.) 
 
 Grand Manan, " found in 20 fathoms, shelly bottom, in the Hake Bay " 
 (Stimpsoa); common in Ca«oo flay, Bay of " Fnndy, and at St. Oeorj,*V 
 Bank, 6 to 100 fathom* " ( Verrill). Dre.lged at many looalitie* in the Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence, in from 10 to 112 fatho n., l.y .'Sir J. W. Daw«on and the 
 writer. Caribou Wand, P.Q., in .' fathoms ; and Strait of Belle Isle, in 60 
 fathoms (Packard). According to Hincks, ♦ the Oulf of St. Lawrence 
 specimens are referable to the var. grai-ilU. (= M. graeUu, Buak). The 
 typical form, Hincks says, has been dredged at the Queen Charlotte Island*. 
 B.C., by Dr. G. M. Dawson. 
 
 SCRUPOCCLLARIA SCRL'POSA (L.) 
 
 Specimens dredged in the Oulf of St. Lawrence in IH"! and 1872, have 
 been identified with this species by the wi iter. But Verrill says that he 
 has seen no American example* o' S. *enipo$a. t 
 
 ScRUPOCELLAHiA Ambricana, Packard. 
 
 ISKl. Csnsd. N»t. and Gwil., vol. viii., i>. 409. 
 Bank off Caribou Island, P.Q.; Belles Amours, on the north side of the 
 Strait of Belle Isle, in 8 fathoms ; and Square Island, Labrador, in 10 to 30 
 fathoms ; common (Packard). 
 
 * British Marine Polyzoa. vol. i., pp. 39and 40. 
 
 + Prooe«lini« of the I'nitwl States National Muaeum, vol. ii., (1880) p. lito. 
 
U3 
 
 HcRVPucBLLAHu iTAiiiu ( Van Btnedea). 
 
 Ump^ Bajt (Hinoka); Orphan Bank, dredged by the writer in 187.1, and 
 idrntia< I by the Rov. Canon Noruian. AcconliiiK toHiuitt, tbb in Sertnlari» 
 Meeina of O. Fabricioa. 
 
 Cahrrka Ellmii (Fleming). 
 
 Fluilra Kllitti. KIriiiing. 
 Cahertu Bmiiri, Btuk (IM'.',. 
 Cnhtna SUini, Hniitt (IW). 
 
 " Very < ommon in Cuco Bay. Bay of Fundy, and St. George's Bank, 6 to 
 100 fathoms "(Verrill). Between Pjctou Uland and Ciipe Bear, P. E. I., 
 abundant ; Orphan Bank and elsewliere, at many localities in the Oulf of 
 St. Lawrence, in 10 to 60 fathoms common. Caribou laland, Packard, who 
 »aya that it in abundant on the Labrador ooaat In the north Pacific it hai been 
 dredged at Vancouver and the Queen Charlotte Iilandi by Dr. O. M. 
 Dawson. 
 
 Family BietUariiilir, 
 
 BiCELLARIA CILIATA (L). 
 
 North Shore of the Oulf of St. Lawrence, half way between Pointe dee 
 MonU and the west end of Trinity Bay, in 96 fathoms, stonet and coane 
 sand, dredged by the writer in 1871. 
 
 Bi'(.jLA MuHRAYAXA (Joknston). 
 
 ifmipea/nificom, Psclurd (1M3). 
 
 Flutin tmtuata, Atimfoa (1»68) ; fide V.irill. 
 
 Grand Manan, " common in 4 fathoms, on nullipore bottoms, among the 
 rmaller islands" (Stimpson). Very common throughout the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, where it has ht^a dredged by Sir J. W. Dawnon, Packard, Bell 
 and the writer. The t,. is known also to occur off the coast of Green- 
 land and in Davis Stra nd it has been dredged at Vancouver and the 
 Queen Charlotte Islands by Dr. O. M. Dawson. 
 
 Bugula/astigiata, L. ( = Aca,narehii plumota (Palhw) Busk) which accord- 
 ing to Verrill, ranges from Massachusetts Bay to Labrador, and which 
 Fabricius found in Greenland, is recorded by Packard at having been dredged 
 by him on the Atlantic cocjt of Labrador, at Thomas Bay, in 16 fathoms. 
 The St. Lawrence specimen that the writer referred to Acamarchit ftumo$a 
 in 1871 and 1872 is Kineto$kitu arbtretceru. 
 
U4 
 
 KiKKTOMKiAD Mhittii, L)«nieUi<«ii. 
 
 MmrnM jlnriitt, WrrilKtHTA). 
 K'mlntkiui.llrrili; Vi-rrill I tl<7»l. 
 KiM-iutUuSniiUii, Vrrrill (IM7U|. 
 Kintlatkuii (Buflulopm) ittrilia, Vrrrill (INMAI 
 
 " It ocean in d«fp water (1U4 fHthoim) oH' tlie cuMtt of Maine and Nova 
 » x)ti« " Vcrrill (Nomtan). 
 
 KiNKTOHKIAH ARIIOHKItCKNH, DaiiieliuH-n. 
 
 Hviiuln umMlii, Hiiiitt (1l*H*|. 
 Oulf of St, liawrrnoe, lietween the ea«t mud at the Titlamiof Anticoetiand 
 the Bird Rock*, in 212 fathoms, mud; one Hpecimnn (on n small atone) 
 dredged by the writer in IMTI and iiu(>-)e<]uenti)' idt-ntifle<l with thia tpeoiea 
 by the Rev. Canon Nomian. 
 
 Hkania adnihamim, Packard. 
 Off Caribou iHland ; it occurred rart'ly on Peclen in OOfathonm (Packard). 
 
 CORVIiOI>ORKI.I.A TINUI*, HinckM. 
 
 Mm. Ann. and Mag, Nat. Hiit., 8<T. vi,. vol. I, p. 319 
 (iaif of Ht. I^awrpnce, fonning aniall tufta attached to other Polyzoa " 
 (Hincki). 
 
 Family Fluntridit: 
 FLi'irriiA D0HEALI8 'Packard), 
 
 Hnlophitii Irnnalit, IV-kard (IM6.S). 
 riunlra tmrnlit, VVrrill (1H79). 
 
 " Hut o.ie tuft of thia interesting specie^ occurred "' (off Cnribou Islan'^) 
 in SO fathoms, "aaaocintcd with Heania tuimiranda, on a fragment of J'ecten '' 
 (Packard), 
 
 Flubtra mbmiiranaceo-tkl'ncata, Smitt. 
 
 Common in the Gulf of St. LawrLn— n ahella, atones, ibc, at moderate 
 depths, but Professor Verrill t^■ink^^ . utrely a variety of the preceding 
 species. Dr. O. M. Dawaon haa drpd;g;ed aimil.'ir specimens at the Queen 
 Charlotte lalands, on the Pacific coast of Canatlii, 
 
95 
 
 VtVmUA CAROANBA, RIIU Mil SulMlcUr. 
 
 rtutlM illiiiivlit, IV'kiinl, 1*17. 
 
 ttinlrii /.i/iKrfit, hiiiiit (tWiri! (Mill Kmlinra fnffirf' liliw, Mv lliiitk-. 
 
 •MJull of Mt. Lawrnnce, Ditwxon " (Hintkn) : ChatMu IJajr, \. *hI«' of the 
 Ktrait of Rrlle Ihl^ in 3U futhomn, not uiifoniiiiuri ( P«clinr<l) 
 
 III hli " UritUh Murine l>oly»«" (vol. 1, p. li'O), Hiackn imonU f. 
 UKHritTtm; VM%t (F. tniiu-aUi, L.) bh occurring frwiuently in Soutli I^bra- 
 dor, on tlie authurity of PhiIcukI Hut, Verrili »imXm» ''i«t HtinipMm'x /'. 
 trunrala in Hiirf.t/ii .Vurrntftrnti, nnil it nmy ho thiit Pkoku iV* in hIhh, 
 
 Fli'ntha nolioa, 8rinipiion. 
 
 IfiVI. SyiiM|i«. M*riii> liiv.Tt. liraiiil Miuiaii. p. 11'. 
 K»fharii ful'mittil, Sntf* |IM»t7l. 
 t'lHulrimn'plM mliili, Vrrrill i IN7.I). 
 
 (irand Msnan, "dredgad in 2") fi*thom», off the northern point of Duck 
 Uland '' (Htinipoon). One line »p ' nen wbh dnijgpil by the writer, in |f*7t, 
 in the Uulf of Ht. Lawrence, off i;; -r Head, Anticoati, in 120 futhonn. 
 
 Flunra mkrrulata, Baik. 
 
 " Murray Buy (8ir J. W. l>awBon). An arctic •p«'c>'» collected by Nares" 
 (Hinoki). 
 
 Fluhtra ahviwicola, U. O. Sarx. 
 
 (Julf of St. Lawrence, H.W. by H. of the S.W. Point of Anticosti, in T20 
 fathnmH, mud ; one adult iipecinien, dredged by the writer in lH7;t. 
 
 Family Mfmhranipurid(r. 
 ElKCTRA fILOHA (L) 
 
 Fluntra i,ilom. \.. (K'ltt. 
 
 Mimfimniiiom pihmi, Faru' (1H371! >-t »uc . 
 
 Elertrn fiiUita, Niirnian (IXIM). 
 
 Atlantic coast of Nova ScotiH (.Sir J. W. Oanson) ; Bay of Fundy 
 (Verrill). Betwocu Cape Breton and Prince Edwiird Island, dredged by 
 the writer in 1873, and det«-rinine(l by Rev. Canon Norman. Northern 
 portion of the Oulf of St. Liwrence, at severiil localitifH, collected by Sir J. 
 W. Dawson, and the writer. Cnribou I«lnnd, " especially nhundant encir- 
 cling frond.t of De»inarralia just Itelow low-water mark ' (Packard). Foesil 
 at St. John, N.B. (.Matthew). 
 
ll ' 
 
 H 
 
 Elbctiu catervlaria (Jameton). 
 
 Tubipara eatenularia, JknuMon. 
 Bipfotkaa eatenularia, Fleming (1822). 
 BitpoUua rngota, Stinipwn (18S3) ; flde VerrilL 
 Btetra eatmulana, NormMi (IMH). 
 
 Common throughout the entire region. Professor Verrill thinks that it i* 
 only a variety of E. pUma. 
 
 Fossil in the Pleistocene of Riviere du Lnup, Beauport and Labrador (Sir 
 J. W. Dawson). 
 
 ii 
 
 Mrmbranipora rtTMBiFORMis, Hincks. 
 
 1888. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hiat., Ser. vi., vol. i., p. 217. 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, "in small patches incrusting Hydroids and 
 
 Polyzoa " (Hincks). Specimens that have been identified with this species 
 
 by the Rev. Canon Norman, were dredged by the writer between Cape 
 
 Breton and Prince Edward Tsland, on the Orphan Bank, and in Uasp^ Bay. 
 
 Mbmbranipora lineata, L. 
 
 Bay of Fundy ( Verrill) ; Oasp^ Bay, and other localities in the Gulf of 
 St. Lawrence (Sii J. W. Dawson, and the writer). " Frequent in from 10 to 
 50 fathoms. Strait of Belle Itile" (Packard) 
 
 Voosil in the Pleistocene deposits of Riviere du Loup (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 Mkhuranifora CRATicuLA, Alder. 
 
 Oasp^ Bay, on shells, dredged by Sir J. W. Dawson, and the writer, and 
 identified by Rev. T. Hincks and Canon Norman. Off Cap des Rosiers, in 
 38 fathoms, Whiteaves (Norman) ; Metis, Sir J. W. Dawson (fide Norman); 
 
 Mrhbranipora UNicoRVia, Fleming. 
 
 Gulf of St Lawrence (Norman) ; Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C., Dr. G. 
 M. Dawson (Hincks). 
 
 Mehbranipora Ddmbrilii (Audouin). 
 Gasp^ Bay, Sir J. W. Dawson (Norman). 
 
 Mb.mbranipora Sophia, Busk. 
 
 Gasp^ Bay, on dead shells, &c., collected by Sir J. W. Dawson, and Uie 
 writer; and Mdtis, Sir J. W. Dawson (1877) fide Norman. 
 
97 
 
 MlMBRANIPORA SoPHIA, Y*r. ARMlriRA. 
 
 Mtmbranipora armifera, Hindu (1880, Ann. and Maf(. Nat Hiat., 
 8or. v., vol. VI., p. 82.) 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, "on. shell and stones, and incrusting Fluttra 
 membraTMCeo-trunoata, Hmitt." (Hincks). Eight mile* S.E. of Bonaventure 
 Island, in 56 fathoms, Whiteaves ; and M^tis, Sir J. W. Dawson ; (tide 
 Norman). 
 
 HiMBRAKiFORA Lacroixii (Audouitt). 
 
 Marsouin, on the " north coast of Gasp^," in about 30 fathoms, attached 
 to dead shells and stones ; dredged by Dr. R. Bell in 1858, and determined 
 b/ Sir J. W. Dawson. Gulf of St Lawrence, Whiteaves (Hincks). 
 
 MlMBRANIPORA TRIFOLIUM (Searles Wood). 
 
 nuHra trifoliun, Searles Wood (I860). 
 Membranipora mlida, Packard (1863). 
 Itembntnipora iae:ulata, Norman (1864). 
 Membranipora Flemiugii, forma trifolium, Smitt (1867). 
 
 Gulf of "St. Lawrence, Dawson" (Hincks); Gasp^ Bay, Whiteaves 
 (Norman) ; near Caribou Island (types of M. tolida) Packard. 
 
 Ramphonotus minax (Busk). 
 
 ttentbrampora minax. Busk (1860). 
 
 Membranipora Ftemingii, forma minax, Smitt (1867). 
 
 Sampkonotut minax, Norman (1894). 
 
 '■Gulf of St. Lawrence, Whiteaves" (Norman). 
 
 Family Cribrilinidie. 
 Cribrilina puxctata (Hassall). 
 
 Lepralia punctata, Haasall (1841) ; and Johnston (1840). 
 
 First identified by Sir J. W. Dawson in 1859, from specimens dredged at 
 Marsouin by Dr. R. Bell in 1868. Uasp^ Bay, and elsewhere in the Gulf 
 of St. Jjiwrenoe, in from 30 to 50 fathoms, dredged by the writer in 1869, 
 and 1871-73. Gulf of St. Lawrence, "frequent on dead shells of Ceronia 
 deaurata, &c., associated with C. anntUata, Sehizoporella hyalina, and 
 Membranipone " (Hincks). 
 
 Fossil in the Pleistocene deposits at Riviere du Loup (Sir J. W, 
 Dawson). 
 7 
 
Cb»uuiia arwdlata (Fkbrioiu). 
 
 il ' 
 
 Ctttepon atuudata, O. Fafarioiiu (1780). 
 ttprcUia anmUata, Johniton (IMS). 
 Mieharipora anniUala, Smitt (1868). 
 
 Oi»nd MMwn, "dredged in deep water, eacrusting ihelli, 4c." (8timpK)n). 
 Qulf of St. Lawrence, at Oaap^ Bay and elMwbere, dredged by Sir J, W. 
 Dawwn, and the writer. " A group of three cells, with two spinet on each 
 side of the distal margin, occurred in the Strait of Belle Isle ; also in Cateaa 
 Harbour, Long Island " (Labrador coast)" in 16 fathoms" (Packard). 
 
 Mbmbrariporblla oramicobta, Hincks. 
 
 1888. Ann. and Hsg. Nat Hi»t, Ser. vi., voL i., p. 2J6. 
 Gulf of St Uwrenoe. "Spreads in reddish-brown patches over variona 
 kinds of Polyzoa, UmAaroide* Sarrii, 4c." (Hincks). A. W. Waters regards 
 this species as a Mmnbranipora and places it in the family Membraniporidw.* 
 
 Family Jtieropordlidtn. 
 
 MiCROPOBBLLA OILIATA (Pallas). 
 
 lepnlia cUiata (Johnston) Packard (1867). 
 PorcUiiut tiliata (Smitt) Verrill (1879). 
 
 Oasp^ Bay, Sir J. W. Dawson, fide Norman (but with a querf). 
 
 Family PorinUa. 
 PoRiNA TUBUL08A, Norman. 
 
 Lepralia luhuloia, Norman (1868). 
 CflindroporeUa tubiUota, Hindu (1877). 
 
 Not uncommon at many localities in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where it 
 has been dredged by Sir J. W. Dawson, and the writer. M^tis (Sir J. W. 
 Dawson, fide Norman). 
 
 Laobnipora 8PINUL0SA, Hincks. 
 1893. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, Ser. vi., toI. ii., p. 166. 
 " This very interesting form occurs abundantly. It has only been noticed 
 previously amongst Dr. O. M. Dawson's dredgings from the Queen Charlotte 
 Islands. It is probably an Arctic form. The St. Liwrence specimens hither- 
 to met with are all crustaceous in habit, overspreading the stems of Hydroida. 
 The erect branching form obtained at the Queen Chariotte Islands has not 
 occurred " (Hincks). 
 
 *Obnrvationa on Membraniporidie, .Toum. Linn. Soc., Zool., vol. xivi., p. 670. 
 
99 
 
 Family Myriotoidai. 
 Mtriozoum buboracilb, D'Orbigny. 
 
 l/Ulepora truneala, Fabriciiu (fide Fackwd). 
 Myrioioum tutgraeile (Orbigny) Packard (1863). 
 Leiaokarr nibffraeUt (Noniwn) Verrill (lli79). 
 
 Abundant and fine at many localities in the Oulf of St. Lawrence, at 
 moderate depths, especially on Ashing banks, and often aiaooiated with 
 Eschiroid^i Sarni, Porella elegantula and Celleporaria lurcularit. It was 
 first recognized as a Canadian species by Packard, who dredged specimens 
 on the bank off Caribou Island, in 1862, and who says that it occurs also in 
 the Bay of Fundy and on the Banks of Newfoundland. 
 
 Fossil in the Pleistocene of Rivi6re du Loup (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 Mtriozoum planum (Dawson). 
 
 Lepralia plana, Oawion (18S9). 
 
 Uyrioioum oruttaeram, Smitt (1867)^ fide Mincki (1892).' 
 
 The types of L. plana were dredged at Marsouin, by Dr. Bell in ISrS, and 
 the !ipeciefi has since been found to be quite common in the Oulf of St. Law- 
 rence. 
 
 It has also been found fossil in the Pleistocene of Riviire du Loup by 
 Sir J. W. Dawson. 
 
 Mtriozoum coarotatum (Sars). 
 
 LeitKhara coarctata, San. 
 Mffriozoum coarctatum, Smitt (1867). 
 
 Le Have Bank, N.S., in 45 fathomi, gravelly and stony bottom, common, 
 U. S. Fish Commission, 1872 (Smith and Harger). On the Pacific Coast this 
 species has been dredged at Vancouver and the Queen Charlotte Islands, by 
 Dr. U. M. Dawson, in 1878. 
 
 SCHIZOPORELLA LINEARIS (HaSSall). 
 
 Lepralia lintarii, Haaaall (1841). 
 Lepralia liiuata (Hossall) Packard (1863.) 
 
 Near Caribou Island, rare (Packard). In the Proceedings of the U. S 
 National Museum for 1879 (vol. ii., p. 193) Professor Verrill says thi 
 Uincks' genus Schizoporella (1879) is synonymous with Etcharina, Eidwards 
 (1835). 
 
 * But, in the Annali and Maganne of Natural History for January, 1894, p. 137, (foot 
 note), the R«t. Canon Norman aaya that L. plana n the aame as U. roarctatum, Smitt. 
 
 71 
 
100 
 
 f I 
 
 Ir- 
 
 ScHizopOBiLLA BiAPBBTA (Miohelin). 
 
 A spMrimen dredgad by the writer in 1872, in the Gulf of 8t. Lawrence, 
 eight mile« to the 8.E. of fionaventore Island, in B6 fathoms, has been 
 identified with thit specieii by the Ber. Canon Xorman. 
 
 SCHIZOPOBBLLA ADRICULATA (HaMall). 
 
 Gulf of 8t Lawrence (Hinoks). Gaep^ Bay, Dawson (Norman). Pift«m 
 miles 8.8.E. of Bonaventure Island, in 50 fathoms, Whiteaves, 1872 
 (Norman). Verrill regards this species as a SmiUia. 
 
 SCHIZOPORBLLA SINCOSA (Buslc). 
 
 "Golfof St. Lawrence, normal and var. o, Dawson " (Hincks) ; Gasp^ 
 Bay, Dawson (Norman). 
 
 ScBizoPORRLLA CRUBITTA (Norman). 
 
 St. Lawrence (Hincks). Eight miles 8.E of Bonaventure Island, in 66 
 fathoms, Whiteaves, 1872; Gasp^ Bay, and M^tis, Sir J. W. Dawson, 1877 
 (Norman). 
 
 SCHIZOPOBBLLA HYALINA (L.), 
 
 CtUtpara hpalina, L. (1767). 
 
 CeUqnm lit tii, O. F»briciu« (1780). 
 
 LtimUta Ajn/«no, W. Thomp»oti ; and Johmttm. 
 
 Abundant at many localities in the Gulf and mouth of the River St. 
 Lawrence, usually at moderate depths ; but a specimen dredged by the 
 writer in the deepest part of the Gulf, about half way between the Island 
 of Antioosti and the Bird Rocks, in 313 fathoms, has been identified with 
 this species by the Rev. Canon Norman. 
 
 Sir J. W. Dawson records S. hyalina as occurring, in a fossil state, in the 
 Pleistocene of St. John, N.B, ; of Riviere du Loup, and Beauport (P.Q.). 
 
 ScHizopoRELLA ciKCTA, Hiucks. (Var.) 
 1892. Ann. ^nd Jlag. N«t. HiBt, Ser. vi . vol. ix., p. 154. 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence (Hincks). 
 
 HiPPOTHOA DivAHicATA, Lamouroux. 
 Hipfothm lortalit (d'Orbigny) PMkard. 
 Common in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and on the coast of Labrador, where 
 it has been dredged at many lf«alities by Dr. Bell, Sir J. W. Dawson, 
 
101 
 
 Paoluud, and the writer. Thia and the next twoapeoiea wemflnt raoogaiied 
 M CanadiMi hj Sir J. W. Dawion in 1859, from ipecimen* dredged by 
 Bell, off MarMuin, in 1808. 
 
 HiPPOTiioA KXPANSA, Dawaon. 
 
 Hippothoa dimrieata, var. expatua, Verritl (1879). 
 The tjrpea of thi& apeoiea (or variety) are from Maraouin, and aimilar 
 apeoimena have aince been collected at many other localitiea in the Quif of 
 St. Lawrence, and in the Strait of Belle lale, by Sir J. W. Dawaon, Packard 
 and the writer. Sir J. W. Dawaon aajrs that H. expanta haa been found 
 foatil in the Pleiatocene of Riviire du Loup and Beauport. 
 
 Family Eicharidai. 
 Lbpbalia pbrtusa (Eaper). 
 
 Specimen!) dredged at Marsouin, off Anticoati and the Mingnn lalands, 
 near Caribou lalaad, on the Labrador coast, and at various localities in the 
 Gulf of St. Lawience, have been identified with thia species by Sir J. W. 
 Dawaon in 1859, by Verrill in 1863, by Packard in 1863 and 1867, and by 
 the writer in 1872. More recently (in 1892) Hincka has refigured the 
 species from a St. Lawrence specimen, and Sir J. \V. Dawson has recorded 
 the occurrence of L. pertuta in the Pleistocene deposits of Riviere du Loup, 
 Beauport and Labrador. 
 
 But, on the other banc, m 1879, Verrill writes : — " there appears to be 
 grent confusion in regard to the identification of L. pertusa, and doubtless 
 several species have been confounded under that name. American writers 
 have referred several distinct species to perluoa, and I am not sure that the 
 genuine pertusa inhabits our coaat. The species thus named by Dawson, on 
 examination of specimens kindly furnished by him, proves to be Smittia 
 porifera. Probably S. Candida has also been identified as pertusa by some 
 writers."* 
 
 Lepralia bippopus, Smitt. 
 
 " Gulf of St. Lawrence, Dr. Dawson " ; and " Postpliocene, Canada, — 
 Dawson " (Hincks, 1880). 
 
 I 
 
 LbPRaLiA 8PATHULIFERA, Smitt. 
 
 Drtxlged by the writer in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, — eight miles S. E. of 
 Bonaventure Island, in 56 fathoms, in 1872 ; off Grande Grfeve, Gasp^ Bay, 
 * Proceedings of th« U. 8. N»tion«l Museum for 1879, vol. ii., p. 194. 
 
101 
 
 in 1869; ud off Cap da* Hotien, in 98 fottiomi, in 1871. Home of th* 
 ■peoimenii from theie looalitiea were identified with this ipeeiee by the 
 writer, and others, qaite independently, by the Rev. Canon Morman. 
 
 LiPBAUA (Discopora) mboaitoma, Smitt. 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence (Norman). 
 
 Umbomola tbrruoosa (Eaper). 
 
 t OtUtpora nrrueou, Eiper. 
 Ltpralia vtrrueota, W. ThomptoD ; at wwt. 
 Ducopora vtrrueon, Ony (184B). 
 l^mtoniUa vtrrueoia, Hinolu (1880). 
 
 Oaap^ Bay, Sir J. W. Dawson (Norman) ; Greenland (Lutken). 
 Ebcharoidu Sarsii, Smitt 
 
 Cdltfora etTvieornu, itt., M. Sut, 
 S$eluira roiacta, M. San (1802). 
 S$chara Sariii, Biitk. 
 Mtehara lohata (Lamoaroux) Psokard. 
 Kteharopnt tobala (Laniouruux) Verrill. 
 
 Very abundant throughout the Gulf of St. Lawrence, often associHled 
 with Myriozonm aubgracile, Pordla (CelUporaria) $urcularu, Pordla 
 ehgantula, ko. 'It was first recorded as a Canadian species by Packard and 
 Verrill, in the "Canadian Naturalist and Geologist" for December, 1863. 
 Packard (who ways that it occurs also in the Bay of Fundy) dredged it in 
 from 10 to 20 fathoms in Salmon Bay, and in 00 fathoois on the bank off 
 Caribou Island, in 1860; and Verrill off Anticosti and the Mingan Islands 
 in 1861. Since then, it has been taken at many other localities in the Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence by Sir J. W. Dawson, and the writer, and on the Le Have 
 Bank by the U. S. Fish Commission (Smith and Harger). Hincks, in 1892, 
 described it as forming "large coral-like growths composed of many massive 
 branching segments, springing from a common base, foliated, contorted, 
 expanding upwards and terminating above in numerous smaller segments."* 
 
 POHBLLA CONCINRA (Busk). 
 
 Ltpralia eonem..., Busk (18.52). 
 Ltpralia BtUi, Dawson (1859). 
 Portlla eoneinna, Hincka (1880). 
 
 Extremely abundant throughout the Gulf of St. Lawrence, at depths of 
 from about 10 to 50 or 60 fathoms, or more, attached to shells, stones, A-c. 
 * AnnaU and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. vi., vol. i., p. 220. 
 
 liM 
 
103 
 
 Th« typM of L. Btlli were dredged at Martoain, in about 30 fatliomi, bj 
 Dr. Bell, in 1858. In the Annala and Magazine of Natural History for 
 January, 1894, (p. 137) the Rev. Canon Norman «ayt that " Dawion'e /^. 
 Bdlx ■■- Porella eoneintia, not P. Mia, as aiaerted by Uinoks in hii later 
 paper." Un the PaoiSo ooaat uf Canada, F. eoneinna haa been dredged at 
 the Queen Charlotte Island* by Dr. O. M. Dawson. In a fossil state, it has 
 been found in the Leda day at Riviere du Loup by Sir J. W. Dawson. 
 
 Porella mindta (Norman). 
 
 Lqfralia minute, Norman (IMtt). 
 Portlla minuta, Hinoki (1880). 
 
 A speoimen from Oaap^ has been identified with this species by the Rer. 
 Canon Norman. 
 
 PORBLLA BELLA (Bubk). 
 
 LtpnUia bella, Bujk (1M<KI). 
 
 Smittia Mia, Verrill (1879) ; knd Hincki (1880). 
 
 Pordia UUa, Norman (18M). 
 
 " Gulf of St. Lawrence, Whiteaves " (Norman). 
 
 Porella acutiro8tri8, Smitt. 
 
 1889. Hincki. Ann. and May. Nat. Hiat., Ser. Ti., toI. III., p. 439. 
 Oulf of St. Lawrence (Hincks). Specimens dredged in Uosp^ Bay by Sir 
 J. W. Dawson, and off Boaaventure Island by the writer, have also buon 
 recognized by the Rev. Canon Norman as referable to this ^pecieR 
 
 Porella proboscidea, Hincks. 
 
 1888. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. vi., vol. I., p. 233. 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, dredged by the writer on the Orphan Bank, and off 
 Cap des Roeiers, in 38 fathoms, "on Hhells and Hydroida, in small patches" 
 (Hincks). 
 
 Porella btrdma (Norman). 
 
 Bemetchara itruvia, Norman. 
 PortUn Uruma, II.nckB (1880). 
 
 Murray Bay, Sir J. W. Dawsun (Norman). 
 
10* 
 
 FOUUA Bsmi (EUia mmI SoUndar). 
 
 MiOtpim tkmti, Kllii mmI SoImmIot (17M). 
 
 O iB iporm tkmi, Johnrton ( 18W). 
 
 ItpraUu «t«Mf«<iM, Htimpmi (18St) ; tb* UimliaD (arm, «da Varrill. 
 
 Ditoororu Stmui, VarriU (1879). 
 
 Onnd M MiMi, •• in mwll radiating patohM on ttonM and tlMlli from dwp 
 water" (Stimpwm; L. erufitpina). Le Hare Bank, N.8., in 60 fatboma, 
 V. 8. Fi«h OommiMion, 1872 (Smith and Harger). Oulf of St. Lawrence, 
 about one mile and thrae-qnarten to tha 8.E. of Bonaventure Island, in 56 
 fathomi, land (Wbitearee, 1872). 
 
 PouLi^ Sxnu, var. plaka, Hinok*. 
 int. Ann. and Haf. Nat. Hitt., 8«r. vi., vol. i., p. i21. 
 Deioribed from ipeoimona dredged by the writer, in 1871, on the north 
 •hore of the Oulf of 8t. Lawrence, half way between Pointa dea MonU and 
 the weet end of Trinity Bay, in 96 fathoms, anwU atones and coarse sand. 
 
 PoRBLLA unArrDLA (Orbigny). 
 
 Etkara tltgantula, Orbign; ; PaokaH, et auot. 
 Portlta ttegantula, LevinMn (1886) ; and Hinska (1888). 
 
 Common at many places in the Oulf of St. Lawrence. The writer has 
 dredged it profusely on the Orphan Bank ; to the 8.E. and S.S.E. of IJon- 
 aventure Island ; off Orande Orive, in Oasp^ Bay ; off Cap des Hosiers 
 village, Ac. Packard had previously dredged it, in abundance, on the bank 
 off Caribou Island, in 1860. 
 
 Sir J. W. Dawson has found this species fossil in the Ledaclay of Riviere 
 du Loup, and T. Curry in the same formation at Montreal. 
 
 PORBLLA BLEGANTULA, Var. PAPPOSA. 
 Eukara pappota, Packard (1867). 
 Lo Have Bank, N.8., in 45 fathoms, U. 8. Fish Commission, 1872 (Smith 
 and Harger). The types of E. pappoaa were dredged by Packard, in 1S64, 
 at Chateau Bay, Strait of Belle Isle, where the species is said to be « not 
 unfrequently found with Flutlra digitata " {earixuea). 
 
 PoRBLLA BDRCCLARIB (Packard). 
 
 CetUporaria turcularii, Packard (1863). 
 Cdleporaria incrattaia, Smitt (non Lamarck). 
 r Ponlltt eompra$a (Sowerby) Hincka (1880). 
 
 Extremely common in the Oulf of St. Lawrence, especially upon fishing 
 bank^ or upon roc::y, pebbly or shelly bottoms, in from 10 to 50 fathoms. 
 
 11 ;i 
 
105 
 
 «nd ofUn drifted down to lower laroU. On the Orphkn Bank, m inany m 
 from 00 to 100 pwfaot «nd ffMh (if not living) ipMimtnf were brought up, 
 in 1879, in » single heul of the dredge, end el i where they are equally 
 abundant. The types of C. iurcularit were dredged by Packard, in 1860, 
 off Caribou Island, on stones and shells (not " stenu and cell*," as inadrer 
 tontly printed) "in oompany with Eteharir." Hinoks, in his History of the 
 British Marine Polysoa, includes C. $urctUaris, Packard, with a query, 
 among the synonyms of Pordla eomprtna (8owerby). But, ax there seeui* 
 to be some uncertainty in this reference, it is thought desirable, for the 
 present, to retain Packard's speoiflo name. 
 
 In a fossil state, P. iurcularit has been found by Sir J. W. Dawson in 
 the Pleistocene deposits at Riviire du Loup. 
 
 PoaSLLA iMvu (Fleming). 
 
 CilUpora lavit, FleminK (ISK), 
 Katkara Irrpit^ M. Hani. 
 
 Two fine examples of this species were dredged on the Orphan Bank by 
 the writer in 1863; and one specimen, in 56 fathoma, stones and coarse 
 ■and, eight miles to the S.E. of Bona venture Island, in 1872. 
 
 PORILLA PROPINQUA, .Smitt. 
 
 Oaap^ Bay, Whiteavea (Norman). 
 
 8M1TTIA Landsburovii (Johnstoo). 
 
 Lepralia LawltborovU, Juhn§tun (1H49). 
 
 Uulf of St. Liawrencfl (Hinoks, 1892) who writes thus concerning it. 
 " Amongst the St. Lawrence dredgings the true typical form is not by any 
 means common ; the species is represented chietly by the variety port/era 
 of Smitt. One specimen has occurred tn me which, in addition to the 
 ordinary characteristics of S. Landsborovii, is furnished with the large spat- 
 ulate avicularia, which arc rarely developed and always in connection with 
 the oaecium."* 
 
 Smittia arctica, Noriiian. 
 
 Etrharftfa poriftra, forma uiinugettla au<l furma nity'v.ahi^ Sniitt (18*J7). 
 Smittia Landiliuroiii, fonn pori/era (Smitt) Hincki I1MK8). 
 Smittia arctica^ Nurman ( l^M). 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence (Hinoks, 1888 and 1892). " Forma >naju»cula. Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence, Sir J. W. Dawson ; forma mint(»ci//a, Gulf of St. Lawrence, 
 Whiteaves " (Norman, 1894). Orphan Bank, (lasp^ Bay, <fec. 
 * Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. vi., vol. ix., p. 156. 
 
 
IM 
 
 ■MmtA CARDIDA (HtimpMNi). 
 
 liprmUa tandUa, lliim|aun (IIW), 
 Smaiia emndida, Vorrill (ll*7»). 
 
 Orwid Mmm, " dradged on ttonM in 36 fathonui in the H«li« Bmj " 
 (StimiMon) ; vary ooamon in Um Bmj of Fundy (PMk*rd). 
 
 'i 
 
 It 
 
 'Q \ 
 
 .' ■ ' 
 
 Smittia TaisriitMA (Johnston). 
 
 llfrmHa trifinom, Johiuton (IMtf). 
 f .Utia tritfinom, Hii>cki(18tl0). 
 
 Thin ■{«. M WM flnt rMWgninMl m CsuKliMt by Sir J. ^f. Dawton, in 
 lSft9, from •peoimena drwigwl by Dr. B«ll, in I8S8. oiT M«noain. Packard 
 found nimilAr tpMimMi off Caribou IiUnd, in 1800, and Verrill at the 
 Afingan Iilandi and off Antiooati in 1861. S. tritpinaia ii now linown to 
 bo common throughout the Oulf of St. Lawrence, and Sir I. W. Dawion 
 collected apacimena of it a« far up the river aa Mnrray day. It aliw occura 
 in the north Paoiflc, and Dr. O. M. Dawaon haa dredged it at thi •» localitiea 
 in the Queen Charlotte Iilanda. 
 
 It haa been found fcMsil in the Leda clay at Biviire dn Loup. Sy Sir 
 J. W. Dawaon. *^ 
 
 Smittia prodiiota (Packard). 
 
 Itpralia prorlufia, P*elurd (ia«S(. 
 AriMm pnduela, Hinrki (IWW). 
 
 The type* of L. produela are from near Caribou Island, and the species 
 has since been found at many localities in the Oulf of St. Lawrenre by Sir 
 J. W. Dawson, and the writer, and a« far up the river as Murray Bay. The 
 Hpeoies was first des^.ibed and figured by Packard, as a Ltpralia, in the 
 Oanadion Naturalisi, and Geologist for December, 1863; and was subne- 
 quenely re<lescribed and re figured by Hincks, as a SmUtia, in the Annals 
 and Magazinf^ ■ f Natural History for May, 1889. 
 
 Sir .T. W. Dawson has found it fossil, in the Leda clay at Riviire du 
 Loup. 
 
 Shittia GLOBirsKA (Packard). 
 
 Lepndia pIM/rra, Pukard (IMS). 
 Smittia i/tobiftra, Vsrrill (1H79). 
 
 Near Caribou Island, " frequent, forming frosty white patches. It often 
 encrusU CelleporsB, where the ovicella are much crowded, and the ridges 
 between the radiating rows of cells obsolete. I have dredged it in the Bay 
 of Fundy '' (Packard). " Casco Bay to Labrador, common. It is very 
 common in lay of Fundy and on tbe Grand Banks " (Verrill). 
 
107 
 
 SlIITnA BRICDLATi NCTATA, HinclU. 
 
 SperiiiMM ot • polyMMD dradgw) by tha writer on tb* Orphan Bank mm! 
 Omp« Bay, bar* baen itlcntiScd with thi« Npe«iM by the Hev. Cenon Nor- 
 
 MuciioRiLi.A Pbachii (Juhniton). 
 
 Ltpralia IVacAii, Johiwtua (IMS). 
 
 XtrAarotdft nMcinm, var. Pnehii, Vnrrill (IS7V). 
 
 Firit reoogniiad m • CAnmdi»n ([Hi-iex ' ' Hir J. W. Dawaon in 1860, Idmu 
 •pecimens dredgMi nlf Mknouin by Dr. ^.n in 1868. 8peoitn«fi» dn<<l||r<l 
 in Ot»pi Buy have iiinoe been identided with thia ipeoiee by the writer and 
 by the Rev. Owon Norman. 
 
 FoMiil at RWiJire du Loup (t)ir J. W. Dawion). 
 
 MCCRORKLLA TiNTRiroiA (HasRall). 
 
 Ltpralia vmlrimto, HmmmII. 
 Ituerotulla vtntrieota, lliiicka (IIWO), 
 
 Speoimani of tht« itpeciei have been dredged in the Qulf of 8t. T^awrence 
 at O*-- i Bay by Sir J. W. Dawnon, ("d the writer ; also off Bonaventure 
 Inland and Cap des Rosiert by the writer. The identification ot ipecimeno 
 from each uf thaoe localities with M. venlrii^o§a, has since been oonflrraed by 
 the Rev. Cantn Norman. Dr. «i. M. Dawson has dredge<l similar specimens 
 at the Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. 
 
 Foaail at Rivi«re do Loup (Mir J. V^. Dawson). 
 
 MuoRONBLLA ARVSsK'OLA (Normiin). 
 
 Ltpralia ahiiuieota, Niirman (IWM). 
 Oulf of St. Lawrence, Dawson (Hincks) ; Oaspt- Bay, Whiteavea (Norman). 
 
 MUCRONRLLA PATONSLLA (Alder). 
 Eteham parontUa, Aider. 
 Oulf of St. Lawrence, Dawson (Hiiicks) ; Gaape Ba}-, Dawson (Norman); 
 (jueen Charlotte Islands, B.C., Dr. <i. M. Dawson (Hincks). 
 
 MUCROSELLA PR,«LfCIDA, Hincks. 
 1888. Ann. »nd Majr. N»t. Hi«t., .Sor. vt., vol. i., [). 225. 
 Uulf of St. Lawrence, one specimen, (Hincks). The types of this species 
 aru from Houston Stewart Channel, at tlie southern extremity of the Queen 
 Charlotte Islands, B.C., where cpeciuiens are said to be "not uncommon on 
 shells." 
 
 . 
 
'I 
 
 1/ 
 
 lOfl 
 Mmopmbua amvimiu, HImIm. 
 
 JIWmmMs (p^nW^/km, Hiarin (IMW. 
 Oulf ol St. LtWTMMa, oa tlMlIt, ttonw, Jm. (Hineka). 
 
 RiAiiraoiTOiiBLLA MAM* (Vkbrioiu*). 
 
 JMUra (Mtra, FkUMw (tMts MaiU). 
 jrdlvera fWMniala. O. rahrioinidTini. 
 eWb^ofa iMtm, Hnltl ( I'M). 
 ahMmwOa Maftra, Vwrill (ia7»). 
 MompkMtonWfa Makni, Lorvu (IMM). 
 
 Ump< Bajr, P^wton (KormM). Vimyurd Sottnd to OrMBUnd (VMrill). 
 
 RHAMraOITOMILLA MABIIA, V*r. LAHIATA. 
 
 Itpmlm ImMla, Htimpnn (IHAS)i Rda Vtrritl. 
 
 OrMtd Mmmb, " 'ound on anwll ptbbiM from deap wM«r " (8tiB|»0B). 
 Neu Okriboa IaImmI (PmU '\ 
 
 RHANraOVrOWBlLA OVATA (Suiitt). 
 
 Ctlltfom mmta, Smitt. 
 MHimuUa omta, YmtiII (ItffB). 
 Mkamfttotlomelln omia, Lnnui ( IMM), 
 
 0Mp4 B«]r, Dawiion (yorman). 
 
 RllAMPHOflTOHBLLA C08TATA, I>irenz. 
 
 " Smitt bM naked under hii typical Cillepora teabra the present form, 
 which ha< Iwen rightly treated an a distinct species by Lorpnz. It is 
 abundant among the St. Lawrence dredgings, in company with B. plicata, 
 Saiitt, and R. bUaininata, Hincks" (Hincks, in Annals and Magazine of 
 Natural History for May, 1889, p. 426). Hpecimens dredged by the writer 
 on the Orphan Bank ; fifteen miles H.S.E. of Bonaventure Island ; in Oaspv 
 Bay ; and off Cap des Hosiers, have been labelled R. cotUUa by the Rev. 
 Canon Norman. 
 
 RHAMPHOSTOMEtLA PLICATA, Smitt. 
 
 " Oulf of St. Lawrence, in company with R. eottata and R. bilaminata " 
 (Hincks). Meti", Dawson, 1877 (Sonunn). 
 
 Rhahpiiobtohella bilaminata, Hincks. 
 
 Oulf of St. Lawrence (Hincks). Uaspti Bay, Dawson ; Orphan Bnnk, and 
 off Cap des Roeiers, in 38 fathoms, Whiteaves (Norma. ). 
 
10* 
 
 RlT«ra>A ILOmuTA, Mwitl. 
 
 Dndgwi 17 th« writer in iIm OM ,A 81. Uwpmmw, iuklf way IwCwmb 
 PWftU dM Monta Mtd th« w««t end of Trinitj Bay, in M (athiHn*, rimII 
 ■tonaa and ooafMi Mnd, in IN71 ; and aifht milaa S.E. of Honaventara 
 Iiland, in M fathom*, atonao ami coarw «and, ib 1873. It it tba RtUpora 
 WMiekUma of Bntk and tlinoki. 
 
 Family CM*poridi*. 
 
 ClLlBPORA PUMjROa* (L) 
 
 aUtfof Mrrx'oM (!*)(». *'»liriciii« (17HU„ 
 OtUtparu t»:<uUm, (L.) vur., V,mll (IHTK. 
 
 Mamooin, R. Ball. (Sir J W. Dawnon) ; Oulf of Ht. Uwrano«(Whitaavaa); 
 Carilwu laland, "frcquant on Mrtularian«" (Packard). 
 Foiail at St. John, K.B. (Matthew). 
 
 Cbllipora aviculami, Hineka, 
 
 La Hara Bank, in 46 fathoms, U. 8. Fiih CommiMion, 1872 (Smith and 
 Hargar). 
 
 OlLLBPOlU CAifALIOOLATA, Bulk. . 
 1«S4. H.M.S. ChaUanger Rv|i<>rU, ZtnAugy, toI. x., pt 1, p. 3M. 
 " Thia apaoiea aeama to be not uncommon " in the Oulf of 8t. Lawrence. 
 " It forma amall nodular maiaea, which enorunt the atema of Hydroida. It 
 wa« lirat obUined on the Challenger voyage in the neighbourhood of Halifax, 
 Nova Scotia, in 61 fathomi " (Hinckn, in Annali and Magazine of Natural 
 History fur February, 1892, p. 186). 
 
 Crllbpora contioua, Smitt. 
 
 lAprnlia vilna, Loreni (1880). 
 
 Oasp^ Bay. in a valve of Mya truncata, Dawran (Norman). 
 
 CYCLOSTOMATA. 
 
 Family Criiii^tr. 
 
 Criria rburnea (L.) 
 
 ■' Very common in Canio Bay and Bay of Fundy, low-water to 80 fathoms ' 
 (Verrill). OffChebuoto Head, Halifax Harbour, in 20 fathoms, »oft mud 
 
110 
 
 md fine Mud with decaying »e» weed, U. 8. FUh OommiMion, 1872 (Smith 
 •nd H»rger). (Jul! of St Lawrence, on Area peetuneuloidu, in 150 to 200 
 fathonik, rare; half way between Pointedeg MonU and the west end of 
 Trinity Bay, in 96 fathoms ; and oommon at other localitiea in from 10 to 60 
 fathoms ; dredged by the writer in 1871-73. But, in a letter received many 
 years ago, the Rev. Canon Norman says that " the common St. Lawrence 
 form is C. ebumeo-dentieulata, Smitt." Henley Harbour (Strait of Belle 
 Isle) in 4 fathoms ; and Hopedale, Labrador, in 10 fathoms, rocky Iwttom 
 (Packard). Specimens dredged by Dr. O. M. Dawson at the Queen Charlotte 
 Islands, B.C., have been identified with this species by Hincks. 
 
 Cbuu ibdrrba, var. cbibraria, Stimpson. 
 
 CIritia tribraria, Stinipaon (18ft3). 
 
 Criiia eiuitKa, vn. crihraria, Verrill (1879). 
 
 Grand Manan, taken in 20 fathoms, east of Duck Island (Stimpson). 
 
 Cbisia dknticulata (Lamarck). 
 
 Grand Manan, >' on a sponge, taken in 10 fathoms, off Cheney's Head " 
 (Stimpson). This species has also been recognized by Hincks among 
 specimens dredged at the Queen Charlotte Islands by Dr. O. M. Dawson. 
 
 Family Jitbuliporidct. 
 Stomatopora oranulata (Milne Edwards). 
 
 Ateeto gmnulata, Milne Edwards, 
 /•rokojcino incrauata (Hmitt) Verrill (1879). 
 
 Specimens that the Rev. Canon Norman has identified with this species 
 were dredged by the writer on the Orphan Bank ; and at the entrance to 
 Oasp^ Bay, in 50 fathoms, inside dead valves of Cardium Idandicum. 
 
 Stomatopoba PKSiciiLATA (Fabrfcius). 
 
 Tubipora ptnicillata, O. Fabriciun (1780). 
 
 Proboieina penicillala (Smitt) Verrill (1879). 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, eight miles S.E. of Bouaventure Island, Gasp^ Bay, 
 Ac, on stones and shells, very common ; dredged by the writer and deter- 
 mined by Canon Norman. 
 
 Stomatopora diastoporoides (Norman). 
 
 Aleeto diattoporo<dr$, Norman (18fi8>. 
 StoMatopora diatloporoidti, Hincks (1880). 
 With the preceding species, and equally abundant. " Gulf of St. Lawrence, 
 Dawson" (Hincks). 
 
• 
 
 111 
 
 
 
 TUBULIPOBA LOBULATA, HuMlll. 
 
 
 
 Specimen* dredged by Sir J. W. Dawson at Oawp^ B»y 
 been identified with T. lobulata by Canon Norman. 
 
 ano 
 
 M^lia, have 
 
 TuBULiPOBA FLABiLLARis <Fabrictus). 
 
 
 
 r«6i>oro.«a»<«nni, O. FabriciiM (1780). 
 TubtUipara phalangea. Couch ; and Johnaton. 
 
 
 
 " Bay of Fundy, and northward " ( Verrill) ; Mamouin, 
 Bell (Dawson). 
 
 in 
 
 30 fathoms, 
 
 TuBDLlPORA FIMKRIA, T^amarck. 
 
 T«buUpora fimbria, Lanwrck. 
 TvbtJiporn JIabeUarit, Johnston (1849). 
 
 Dredged by Sir J. W. Dawson, and the writer, in the Gulf of St. Lawr«n«e, 
 at tJasp^ Bay and elsewhere, also by Packard off Caribou Island. If the 
 same as T. palmata. Wood, and as T. dicita, Stimpson (which Verrill regards 
 as a synonym of T. palmata) it has been found also at Grand Manan by 
 Stimpsou, and on stones in the Strait of Belle Isle, in 50 fathom.s, by Packard. 
 
 Fossil at Riviere da Loup and Beauport (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 TuBCLiP0RA,EXPAN8A (Packard). 
 
 Stomapora expa-iia, Packard (1863). 
 Ttibulipora txpantn, Verrill (1879). 
 
 Near Caribou Island (Packard). 
 
 Idmonba Atlantica (Forbes) Johnston. 
 
 Idmanta Atlantica (Forbes M. S.) .lohnxton (184!»). 
 Idnumra pruinoia, Stimpnon (fide Verrill). 
 
 Grand Manan, "in deep water, eapacially on shelly bottoms "(Stimpson). 
 Dredged by the writer in 1871 and 1872 at two localities in the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, north of the Baie de^ Chaleurs. 
 
 Fossil at Riviere du Loup (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 Idmonea serpens (L.) 
 
 Tubipora terpeni, L. (1707). 
 Ttibulipora urpen; Fleming (1822). 
 Idmonea terptnt. Van Ueneden. 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1872 (Whiteaves) ; Henley Harlwur, Strait of Belle 
 Isle, common, — and " in long twisted masses on Bugula Murrayana at 
 Square Island," Labrador, " in 30 fathoms," (Packard). 
 
112 
 
 DiAROPORA PATIKA (LkHMrok). 
 
 Tvliulipora patina, lismarck, and Johniton. 
 Long Inland Sound to the Arctic Ocean ; very common in Ca«!0 Bay, 
 B»y of Fundy and northward (Verrill). Grand Manan, "mo.tIy found on 
 aes weeds in shallow water " (Stimpson) ; Anticoeti (Verrill) ; near Caribou 
 Island; and common at Domino Harbour, Labrador, in 7 fathoms 
 (Packard). 
 
 D1A8TOPOBA OBBLiA, Johnston. 
 
 Marsouin, attached to dead shells and stones, from a depth of about 30 
 fathoms, Bell, 1858 (Sir J. W. Dawson). Dredged by the writer in the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, half way between Pointe des Montaand the west end 
 of Trinity Bay, in 96 fathoms ; ofif SawhiU Point, in 30 fathoms; off Cap 
 des Rosiers, in 38 fathoms ; <fec. 
 
 Fossil in tlie Leda clay of Rivifere du Ix)iid (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 Family Homeridee. 
 
 HURNRBA LICHBNOIDBS (L.). 
 
 MUlepora liehenoidti, L. (17fi7). • 
 Homera honalit, Bu»k (1859). 
 Bomera lichenoidft, Smitt (1866). 
 
 Two small examples of this interesting species were dredged by the writer 
 in 1873, in 220 fathoms, about half way between the Island of Anticosti 
 and the Gasp^ peninsula. 
 
 Fan ;iy Liehenoporidfe. 
 LiciiBNOPoHA HI8PIDA (Fleming). 
 
 Discopora hitpidn, Fleming (1822). 
 
 Tubulipora hitpida, Johnston. 
 
 Diacopordla hitpida, (iray. 
 
 Tubulipnra craitt, Stimpson (1853). * 
 
 Grand Manan, "found encrusting Terehratula: in deep water " (Stimpson). 
 Dredged by the writer on the Orphan Bank, in 1873; off Cap des Hosiers, 
 in 38 fathoms, and half way tetwesnPoit.te des Monts and the west end of 
 Trinity B»y. in 96 fathoms, in 1871. Near Caribou Island, "frequent on 
 sertularians in 50 fathoms" (Packard). 
 
 Fossil at Riviere du Loup (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
118 
 
 LicHKNOPORA vcRRDCARiA (Fabrioiui). 
 
 Mailrrpora veruearia, (). Fabricius (1780). 
 Liehtnopora vrrracaria, Sniitt (1878). 
 
 Bay of Fundy ; and near Caribou Island, in 50 fathoms (Packaid). 
 Marsouin, Bell (Sir J. \V. Dawson). Off Bonaventure Island, in 60 
 fathoms ; entrance to Gaspe Bay, in 50 fathcms ; and off Cap des Hosiers, 
 in 38 fathoms ; Whiteaves (Norman). 
 
 LiciiENOPORA REGULARI8 (Orbigny). 
 
 Aetinnpora rcgularii, Orbigny (18.51). 
 Liehenopnrn regularit, Hincka (18H0). 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, one fine .specimen, attached to the zoarium of a colony 
 of Pore/la (CeUeporaria) surctdariii, Packard. The specimen, which was 
 dredged by the writer, has l)een identified with this species by the Rev. Canou 
 Norman, who writes as follows in regard to it. "Only two other recent 
 specimens are known, both taken by me in ShetlinH, one of which is in Mr. 
 Aldei > collection, the other (figured by Hincks) in my own." 
 
 LiCHEXOPORA CLYPEIF0RMI8 (Orbigny). 
 
 niiroporelh rbiiteifurmh, .Sinitt (1H71). 
 Three specimens, which the Rev. Canon Norman identified with this 
 species in 1876, were dredged by the writer to the north-east, and north-east 
 by east, of Cape George, N.S., in 1873. In reference to them Canon Norman 
 wrote as follows: " DUcoporella clypeiformis. Orb.— I have not that 
 author's work here to refer to, Imt consider this the species thus named by 
 Smitt in Floridan Bryozoa, Ft. 1, p. 12, PI. 4, fig. 3." 
 
 Fasciporina flexuosa (Orbigny). 
 
 Bradelle Bank, and Gaspe Bay, a few specimens, that were .ir.i^ed by 
 the writer ami determined by the Rev. Canon Norman. 
 
 DiSCOFASClGKRA LUCEHNARIA (.Sars). 
 
 Dcfranria hii; rnnrin, M. S.-in< (18(e). 
 Diseofaaciiieni luci'iiuria, V'irrill (lS7.'i). 
 
 Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, one specimen (.Sir .f. W. Dawson). Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence, one line specimen dr.'dged by tlie writer on the north hhore, 
 between Pointe des Monts and tlie west end of Trinity Bay. in 06 fathoms! 
 in 1871 ; and one imperfect but characteristic specimen dredged off Bona- 
 ture Island, in .'JO fathom^;, in 1872. 
 8 
 
114 
 CTEN080MATA. 
 » Family Aleyonidiida, 
 
 AlCTOHIDIVH niLATINOBDM (L.) 
 
 AUijtoniumgelatinontm, L. (1767) ; and O. Fabriciut (1780). 
 Alej/onidium gtlalinoium, Johnaton (1849). 
 
 Gulf of 8t. Lawrence, dredged by the writer on the Orphan Bank, and 
 between Pointe des Monts and the west end of Trinity Bay, in 96 fathoms 
 
 Vernll aays that A. hirtiUum (Fleming) and A. partuiticum (Fleming) 
 extend, the one from Long Island Sound, the other from Rhode Island,— to 
 the Arctic Ocean ; so that both are to be looked for in the Gulf of St. Uw- 
 rence. 
 
 Flustbella HI8PIDA (Fabricius). 
 
 Fluitra hitpida, O. Fabricius (1780). 
 fluttr^Ua hitpida, Uray (1848). 
 Aleyonidmm hitpidum, Johiuton (1819). 
 
 " Long Island Sound to Greenland," . ..." Bay of Fundy, 4c. (VerriU) 
 Encrusting stems of Fuciu nodosut on the south side of Cape Blomidon. 
 N. S., (Prof. G. T. Kennedy, 1875). 
 
 HOLOBRANCHI.A.. 
 
 Family Ptd' .midce. 
 
 Pedicel ...a n 'tans, Dalyell. 
 
 " The form which I have identified with Dalyell's species occurs plentifully 
 and of large size in the St. Lawrence " (Hincks, 1889 ; Ann. and Mag. Nat 
 Hist., Ser. vi., vol. in., p. 432). 
 
 Barentsia major, Hincks. 
 
 1888. Ann. and Miiff. Nat. Hist. Ser. vi., vol. r., p. 220. 
 
 "The Pedicillinidie abound in the northern seas. The St. Lawrence 
 dredgings have already yielded /' nulans, Pallas,* Battnfsia major," 
 and B. gracilis, Sars " (Hicks, under the heading P. nutans ; op. cit. vol. lii. 
 p. 432. * 
 
 Barrntsia gracilis, M. Sars. 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence (Hincks). 
 
 •Probably written inadverteutly for Ualyell. 
 
lis 
 
 MOLLUSOA. 
 
 PELECYPODA. 
 
 Family Aiwmiadae. 
 
 Anomu AcutBATA, Miiller. 
 
 Anomia aeulatia, MUlIer (KWi) ; timeliii (17W2) ; et auot. 
 
 Widely diitributed in and to the north and south of the Gulf of 8t. 
 Lawrence, at depths of less than 100 fathoms. The little smooth Anomia 
 of this region that has been hitherto referred to A. ephippium, is regarded 
 by Verrill as most probably a form of A. aauleata in which the aculeate 
 scales are more or less abortive. 
 
 Anohia simplex, Orbigny. 
 
 Anomia limplex, Orbigny (1845, 8i«ni8h edition ; 1«68) ; tMte D»ll. 
 Anomia tlectrica, Gould (IWl and 1870) ; non L. (Dall). 
 Anomia nquamuta, Gould (1841 and 1870) ; non L. (Dall). 
 Anomia glabra, Verrill (1872 and 1875). 
 
 Southern coast of Nova Scotia, ofif Cape Sable, 8 fathoms, but not 
 observed in the Bay of Fundy ( Verrill). 
 
 Fiimily Oatreid<e. 
 OsTBEA ViRGiNiCA, Gmelin. 
 
 Oitrea Virginiana, of Lister and other nonbinoinial writers (Dall). 
 Oitrea Virginica, Gmelin (I7!t2) ; Dillwyn (1817) ; and Uniarck (181!t). 
 Ottrea borealit, Lamarck (1819). 
 Ottrea Canadtniii, Lamarck (1819). 
 
 " In the Gulf of St. Lawrence, oysters are usually found in very shallow 
 water, nearly always in depths of less than three fathoms, in sheltered bays 
 or mouths oi rivers. In New Brunswick, as has been shown by Perley, 
 they range from Caraquette to Baie Verte. The writer was informed by 
 Captain Purdy that oysters ha.e been taken up on the flukes of anchors, in 
 7 fathoms water between Little and Big Caraquette banks, in the Baie des 
 Chaleurs. On the coast of Prince Edward Island, oysters are found, in 
 suitable localities, from Pinette River to the west point, on the Northumber- 
 land Strait side ; and in Malpeque or Richmond Bay, from Cascumpeque to 
 New London, on the northern. In Cape Breton they appear to b*- confined 
 to Bras d'Or Lake and its tributaries, where iho oyster region extends from 
 St. Ann's to Mira Kiver and St. Peter's Bay. The fe« oysters to be met 
 with off Nova Scotia occur at Jeddore Head, twenty or twenty-five miles 
 east of Halifax Harbour, also Country Harbour, St. Mary's River, and 
 Lipsoombe Harbour, Guysboro' Co., on the outside ; and Pictou Harbour 
 
116 
 
 River John, Wkllaoe, Ohu-lM River, »nd Fugwasb, in Northumberland 
 Strait We did not find traoea even of oyit<>r> between Cape Breton and 
 Prince Edward Island, nor in any other part of Northumberland Strait 
 where the bottom is deeper than five or six fathoms, that is to say, not in 
 any of the open parts " (Whiteavee).* 
 
 The exterior of the sholl of the shorter and more rounded variety of the 
 Canadian oyster is not unlike that of some forms of the English species, but 
 the muscular impression in the interior of each valve is always dark in the 
 former, and white in the latter. Dall, also, has recently shown that the 
 English oyster is a typical 0»trea, which ii monwcious and produces " large 
 embryos which are incubated for a considerable period in the parental gill 
 lamina," mid that the common oyster of Canada and the north-eastern 
 United States belongs to a " group characterizeil by being diuxious and 
 discharging the seminal products directly into the water, which must take 
 the name Crataoitrea, 8acoo. " This is typified by Ostrea Yirginiana, Omel., 
 and represented in the present European fauna by Ostrea angulata, Lam., 
 known there as the Portuguese oyster."'}' 
 
 Family Pectinidn-. 
 Pecten (Chlamts) Islandiccs, MUller. 
 
 Otlrta Itlandita, Miiller (177fi) ; and O. Fabricius (17S0). 
 Pfcten Ulandiciii, Chemnitz (1"H4) ; Lamarck, ft auct. 
 Pecten Pcaltii, Conrad (1831). 
 Chlamj/i Itliindiea, Fiwher (ISfXJ) ; and Verrill (1897). 
 
 A common species in the north Atlantic, the type of Bolten's genus or 
 subgenus Chlamyt. On the American side it is known to range from Cape 
 Cod to Hudson Bay and Strait, and Greenland, from low-water mark to 100 
 fathoms in depth. Off the Nova Scotian contt it is said by Willis to be 
 common at Halifax Harbour, St. Mari^arel's Bay, and Kable Island ; on the 
 Bay of Fundy side Verkruzen found it at Annapolis Basin. From New 
 Brunswick it is recorde<i as having been taken at Grand ^lanan by Stimp- 
 son; in the Buy of Fundy by the U. S. Fish Commission, in 1872, and in 
 L'Et'ing Harbour in 188fi. In the Gulf and mouth of the Ri\er St. Law- 
 reuc3 it has teen dredged ai many localities, by Pockard, Bell, Sir J. \V. 
 Dawson, and the writer. 
 
 As a Canadian Pleistocene fossil it is recorded by Sir J. W. Dawson as 
 having been collected at St. John, N.B. ; Anticosti and Rivit're du Loup, 
 P.Q., also at Labrador ; and in 1890 Mr, X. P. Low obtained good specimens 
 of it from the Pleistocene clay at Richmond Gulf, on the east coast of Hud- 
 son Bay. 
 
 * Ke(K)rt of titf l><-i»arttiu'iit of Marine and Ficlu-ricH for 1S73, (Jttjiwa. 1S74. 
 
 + Transactiona of tlu' Wugner Free Iiistituti^ of .Scii'iice of Philadelphi:!, vol. ni., p. 671. 
 
 j^ 
 
117 
 
 FcCTBlf GIBBUS, V«r. BORBALIB, S«]r. 
 
 Pnlen hnreali; Say (1832) ; teste Dili. 
 
 Prclm eimenUrinti, (iould 11841) ; «a of S«y. 
 
 Prelrii irradutnt, (I^marck) Stimpaon (IMl) ; GouM (1870) ; i-t «uct. 
 
 C*;<iiiij/»(.£7ui>r((M) .rruJianj, ViTrill (18W). 
 
 PicUh iPiai/ioctenium) iiMut, v»r. Inirtalin, Dall (1898). 
 
 Specimen* of this well known New England -cies were collected at Sable 
 Island, off the coost of Nova Scotia, many years i»go by Willis, and more 
 recently (in 1899) by ProfesHor Macoun. 
 
 " This is the large, thin, dark-coloured form of the New England coast, 
 ordinarily known as irradiani Lama: ck. It usually has fewer rilw than the 
 typical irradianf, a thinner shell, and more conspicuous concentric lamellffi. 
 It is also rather more compressed. Of seventeen specimens two had sixteen, 
 eleven seventeen, and the remainder eighteen ribs. It may be variegated 
 with orange, gray, dark brown, or olive and white, but, on the whole, 
 constantly averages darker than the southern specimens. It lives in the 
 open bays on weedy or pebbly bottom "* (Dall). Of the typical P. irradiani 
 { = eoiieenlrictis), which he regards also as a variety of P. gibbua, Dall 
 writes ; " This is the southern and typical form of which boreaiis is the 
 northern geographical race. It extend? from New Jersey, which is Say's 
 typical locality, south to Georgia and Texas, t 
 
 Pecten (Placopectbn) MAOELLAJfictja (Gmelin). 
 
 0$lrea MagrUanica, Umelin (1792) ; and Dillwyn (1817). 
 
 Otlrm ijmndit, Solander (178«) : fide Humphrey (Dall). 
 
 Prctnt grmuiig, Humphrey (1797) ; fide Dall. 
 
 Ptcten UagiUanicui, Lamarck (1819) ; ed. Uesh., (1834) ; Gould 
 
 (1841 and 1870) ; et auct. 
 Ftctrn tenuicottatut, Mif^hels and Adams (1841 and 1842) ; et auot. Am. 
 Chlamim (Plamptrtrn) CliiUaniui, V'errill, ex parte (1897) ; Dall. 
 Prctcn {Pinenpectm) mageUanicus, Dall (1898). 
 
 The large edible scallop of the Maritime Provinces and the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, which is said to be especially abundant in Passamaquoddy Bay, 
 and the Bay of Fundy. The most northerly locality at which it has been 
 recorded is on the north shore of the Gulf, just inside of the Strait of Belle 
 Isle, off Caribou Island, P.Q., where Packard says that it is most abundant on 
 asandybottomatafathom depth, the young onlybeinj; dredged in 15fathoms. 
 In Northumberlain, Strait, and in Gaspe Bay, it seems also to be most 
 abundant in shallow water near the shore, whereas throughout the Gulf 
 P. Idandicut is more common in a little deeper water and on banks at some 
 distance from land. 
 
 * Tranaactions of the Wagner Free Iniititute of Science of Philadelphia, vol. 
 
 -748. 
 
 747-748 
 
 t Idem, p. 748. 
 
 III., pp. 
 
118 
 
 i i 
 
 Although known to nstuntiatt (or mort than • oentury, thsiw U j'.iU tome 
 differenoe of opinion m to which of the (peoifio xuuotm that h»v.. lieen pro- 
 po««d for thin iheli ahould (mi retained. Magillanicut ia oltut^y the oldest, 
 but it hM been objected to by aome naturalitts ou the ground that it contra- 
 veneti that rule of the British Asuociation which nays that no specific name 
 ■hould be retained that tendi to perpetuate error. Verrill (in a recent 
 Study of the Family Pectinidap, publiilied in 1897*) xaya that P. Mageltanieui 
 ia a " bad and mialeading name, if applied to thi8 upeciea," which he identi- 
 fiea with the Miocene P. Clintonim described by Say in 1824, and calla 
 CUamyi {Plaeopeclen) Clinloniui. Dall, on the other hand, in 1898, has 
 espresited the opinion that the recent shell is distinct from P. Clititontui, and 
 " sees no reason why Omelin'H name (Magellanic u») " given in error as to 
 the true habitat of thia Hpecies, but universally familiar, should not continue 
 to be used. If, however," he adds, " an exaggerat«d puriain demands a 
 change, the next most appropriate name is that of Solander {Ortrea grandit) 
 given without description in the Portland Catalogue, descritted in the Bunk- 
 aian M.S.S., and cited by Humphrey aa Peclen grandU, ' the Great Compasa 
 shell from Newfoundland, with nearly equal valveN,' remarks which cannot 
 possibly apply to any other species." t 
 
 Sir J. W. Dawson statea that Dr. U. F. Matthew has found specimens of 
 P. Jlagellanicus in the Leda clay of St. John, N.B. 
 
 Prctbh (Camptonbctes) Orcemlandicus, Sowerby. 
 
 Pmitn Orimlnndicu; Sowerby (18481 ; and (;. O. a»rt(187»). 
 Cnmptmtcttt OratUandica, Verrill (1897). 
 
 Dredged by the writer in 1871, 1872 and 187.3, in considerable cumbers 
 living, but of rather small size, in the deep-sea mud, at depths of from 200 to 
 313 fathoms, in the Oulf of St. T^wrence, to the north, south-east and south 
 of the Island of Anticosti. As many as fifty or sixty living specimens were 
 picked at a time from one weighted hempen tangle, or " swab," as the sailors 
 would call it, that was used as well as the dredge. It was quite common to 
 find individuals each clasping a single fibre of the swab between its valves 
 transversely, at about the mid-length of the animal, and so tightly that one 
 had to cut the fibre on each side of the shell, in order to save the specimen. 
 
 In the summer of 1899, a few similar but much larger specimens of thia 
 shell were dredged by Mr. A. P. Low, in from 16 to 25 fathoms, mud, in 
 Richmond Gulf, Hudson Bay. 
 
 According to Sir J. \V. Dawson, P. Grnenlandims has been found fossil 
 in the Pleistocene deposits of Maine, but not in those of Canada. 
 
 * Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. x., p. 78. 
 
 • Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia, vol. iir., pp. 726 
 and 727. 
 
11» 
 
 Pbctkn (CAMiTowECTEi) viTKKUi (Chemiiita). 
 
 fPirtfH viln un, (Inielin (17lt2) ; anil t>illwyn (1H17) ; U»ll. 
 Prtirn rilrtiit (Chfnmits) (J. «>. Sam (IHTH). 
 Camplmurlii iPntlinlitm] rilnum, Wrrill (ItW). 
 CamflunrrUt vitnui, Ihill (IN'.W). 
 
 " Common on the (le<-p-water lishing grounds off Nov* Scotia and No? 
 foumlland, In o7 to 400 fathoms " (Verrill). 
 
 PiCTES (CvCtOPBCTEN) Pl'gTULOSUS, Vemll. 
 
 Pirtrn puiitHloiui, Vfirill (1H73). 
 
 Pretnt Binkunti, Verrill (1H82) ; but not of (J. (). Hart. 
 Picti II imiiri/ir. Hall (in |i»rtl \HM\ ; Iwt not of I^iven. 
 C^/rln/M rliit /iiittHlinuM, Vnrrill (1H«7|. 
 
 " The original specimens " of F. piutiilotun were " from south of George's 
 Bank, 430 fathoms, and Gulf of Maine, 150 fathoms," where they were 
 dredged by the U. 8. Fish Commission in 1872. "It was afterwards 
 dredged by us, in 1877, in the (Julf of Maine, 11") fathoms, and off Nova 
 Scotia, in 190 fathoms, associated with the non-pustulose form " (Verrill). 
 
 Family Limid(t. 
 
 T.iMATULA 8UBADRICULATA (Montagu). 
 
 Pictrn rn'miiriciilula, Moiita|^l (180M). 
 
 Ontria tulmnriruliita, Turton llSIO), 
 
 Lima KutMurieiilittu, Turton (IHi*,'). 
 
 Lima lulcatn, Brown (1H27) ; and Miiller (1W2). 
 
 Limatula tulxiiiricuhtu, Scarlus Wood (183!i). 
 
 North shore of ihe Gaspe peninsula at (St. Anne dos Monts (Bell, 1858). 
 Off Cap des Hosiers in 38 fathoms, stones, one living adult specimen; and 
 about half way between East Cape, Anticosti, and the Bird Rocks, in 313 
 fathoms mud, a fragment of one of the valves; both dredged by the 
 writer, the former in 1871 and the latter in 1872. 
 
 Limatula suleiilm, the Lima aulculus (Leach) M()ller, is stated by Willis 
 to be very rare at Sambro and Sable Island, N.8. ; and Packard says that 
 he dredged several specimens of it near Caribou Island, in 16 to 50 fathoms. 
 But, it is not quite clear that the Canadian shells which have been referred 
 to L. sulcuhig are really distinct from those that have been identified with 
 L. subauriculala. Jeffreys unites L. sulcuhit with L. mbauricu/ata. 
 
110 
 
 Vmilj MytUidm. 
 
 Mttilvi ■dulii, L. 
 
 OomiDon •rvtjwhm, at or ■ little above low-water nwrk. Aa • CaiwdUa 
 PleUtooene foMil it luw been found iu Lawlor'a Uke, new St John, N.B. ; 
 at Anticoeti, Riviere du Loup, Quebec and Montreal, P.Q. ; at OtUwa ; and 
 on the ooaat of Jjabrador. 
 
 MOUIOLA HODIOLU* (L.). 
 
 Not nearljr m common aa the preoedinx apeciea, and found in a little 
 deeper water. Like y. tdulit it ia oiroumpolar and widely diatriboted on 
 both aidea of the North AtUntic and North Pacific. 
 
 In a foaail atate, M. tnodiolut ia recorded by Sir J. W. Uawaonaa being 
 Tary rare in the Pleiatocene depoaita of Montreal. 
 
 MoDioLA (Bbachvdohtir) DiMisaA (Dillwyn). 
 
 jrjtd/wdrmiutii (HoUnder) Dillwyn (1817); twto I>»11. 
 Modioln pticatula, Uunarck (1H3A); rtauct. Anwr. 
 
 Minaa Baain (O. T. Kennedy, 1875) ; Wallace, Traoadie, Sable laland, 
 Piotott, 4c., not scarce (Willia). Prince Edward laland (Sir J. W. Dawson, 
 1871); Charlottetown Harlniur (F. Bain, 1876); Shediao (L M. Lambe, 
 1893); and mouth of the Douglaatown River, Oaap^ Bay (Bell, 1858). 
 
 Dacrtoicm vitkkum (M6ller). 
 
 iforliofa;' n(rra, Mdllerl 1842). 
 Daerydium ritrrum, Tnrell (IHiW) ; et auct. 
 
 upecimena of thia apeciea wore dredged in the deepeat parU of the Gulf of 
 St. Lawrence, in from 100 to 313 fathoma, by the writer in 1871, 1872 and 
 1873 ; alao aubaequently, in 1877, according to Verrill, off Nova Scotia, in 
 102 fathoma, by the U. S. Fiah Commiaaion 
 
 MODIOLARIA DI8C0R8 (L.) 
 
 Mj/tilui diteon, li. (1767); and Stimpaon (1861). 
 Mgtilui diicrtpan; Montagu (1803). 
 Modiola lavigata, (iray (1824). 
 ModHila diterepant, Lamarck (183S). 
 Uodiolaria diieor$, Loven (1846) et auct. 
 
 Common on both aidea of the north Atlantic, from low-water to 100 
 fathoma in " nesta formed of varioua marine aubstancea," as Dr. Stimpaon 
 observea. In the Bay of Fundy it has been collected by Stimpaon and the 
 C7. S. Fiah Commiaaion ; in Annapolis Baain by Verkruzen ; on the Atlantic 
 
m 
 
 ooMt of NoT« Hoolia bjr WUIU aiHl J. Matthaw Jonai ; at Mvaral localitiaa 
 in the Uult and mouth of the Kiver Ht I<awrenee, bjr 8ir J. W. Dawion, 
 Bell, l^kard and the writer ; ^Mt at Port iturwell and Aihe Iniitt, Hudnon 
 Stnit, by Bell (in I8H4). The xpeoimi ha* al«o been found foreil, in the 
 Pleistocene deposit! of Beauport, Montreal and Oreenland. 
 
 MODIOLARIA CORRVIIATA (Stinipion). 
 
 Mvdiol'iria euirugnlii, Milrch (ll*r>7) ; mkI (icHild (l'<70). 
 
 The geographical diatribution and liathymetricnl ran|{e of thin ipetipH in 
 eastern Canada are ewientially the laiiie a* th>Mt> of J/. di*cor: 
 
 it. eornigata has hwn found foHil in the Plxittocene depoaita oi Hiviore 
 du Loup (en ban), by Hir J. W. Dawaun. 
 
 MoDioLAHiA ifinRA (Gray). 
 
 tf'x/iVrfrt nijm, (irny (IW'.'ll 
 
 Mmliiila nrxa, (tiMild ll~lU. Yining. 
 
 Modiularitt niyra, liuvcn ( lM<t). 
 
 Jfj/(i'u« i/iurr|Ki>u, Mtiuiiwin (littl) ! not u( Kuniiwan •utiion. 
 
 Modtotaria diterrpant, Pftckaril 41H67). 
 
 Ha« been taken in the Bay of Fundy, in Annapolii Baitin ; in Halifax 
 Harbour, N.S.; at several localities in the Oulf and mouth of the River St 
 Lawrence ; on the Atlantic coaxt of Labrador, and more recently, at Port 
 Burwell, and Ashe Inlet, Hudson Strait. 
 
 It has been collected also in the Pleistocene deposits at KennelMtck, 
 Maine; at Black Point, N.B. ; at Rivit-redu Loup, Montreal ; and Labrador. 
 
 Ckli'ella faba (.Mailer). 
 
 MftilMfaba, Muller (177«) : and O. Fabriciua (1780). 
 Crtnrlla falia, Htiminon (ISfiO). 
 
 Henley Harbour, Strait of Belle Isle, in 4 fathoms (Packard). L'AiiNe au 
 Loup, 10 to 15 fathoms; Fox Harlwur, St. Lewis Island, 1 to 4 fathoms; 
 and Dead Island, near Square Island, in shallow water ; .Stearns expedition 
 (Miss Bush). Common on the Labrador reef, near Fort Chimo, Ungavu Bay, 
 L. M. Turner, 1885 (Dall). Greenland (Fabricius). 
 
 Crenblla pbctinula (Goidd). 
 
 JUixliola peatinula, Gould (1841). 
 Ilvtitut perlinulut, StiuiiwMin (1K>1). 
 Crenelln prflintiln, Stinip«on ( IHUO). 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, Mighels (Gould). Gaspt^ Bay and off Cap des 
 Rosiers lighthouse, dredged by the writer ; Ruisgeau V'all^ and Marsouin 
 
lis 
 
 (B«ll) ; MinK»n I.lMtd* (J. Rfc -Jmo) ; !klarr»7 Baj, •bvadMt (Sir J. W. 
 !»•»«»). Prufe«M>r Vwril' grnrd* V. pteUnulm m lynoayiiioiu with C. 
 M>, bat thb opinkm ' .nand by Dr. IMII, who, in • l«tt«r to th« 
 
 wrii«r, <Ut«l FtbnM j • ., lOOI. writ** «. (ollc.wi. •• Cr^n^Ua ptetinuU, of 
 which I h«r« one of (iuuld,, lyp«^ I n.g»nl u parfwtly di»tinct fn>m f.>6a. 
 " f. ptlinula M light yellow brown, with oosrMricalptuiw ami more rotund 
 form thnn the purple C. f»ha. hut C. ptctinula tpptmn to U. very r»r« and 
 I li»ve wen only the typ«i, while C. /aA.. in oomuion in the Arctic." 
 
 ClllNKLt.A (ILANDCLA (Totten). 
 
 Slodioln glnmlultt, Tiittcn (IHM). 
 
 Mulilntilrruiittui, mirii|iBi>ti (tNAII ; n<iii Mnntaffu. 
 
 Crmilta yfamtvia, H. and A. Adanu (IHAM) j Mid (lould (IH70). 
 
 Bay of Fundy (Stimpaon.— and Vrrrill) ; PiMMinaquoddy Bay, N. B. 
 <Ottnong) ; Aniwpolix Basin ( VerkruMn) ; UuK and mouth of the Uiv,.r St. 
 Lawrence at many localities, (coIUhjIH by Bell, Sir. J.W. Dawson, Packard! 
 ami the writer) ; and Atlantic const of Labrador, off Square Island, low-wat »r 
 to 60 fathoms (Packard). 
 
 Crinilla dccubsata (Montagu). 
 
 itiriilut 'IrfutmtUM, Montagu I tMWI. 
 JUudio!a/eicrniula,M>i\\rt{\Xi2). 
 rrtLtlla lireiumta, Uivcn (1M6); «t sact. 
 
 Bay of Fundy, common (V«rrill); AnnapolU Basin (Varknizen); off 
 CJiiitidt* OWve, OhmihI Bay, and oth«r localitiex in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 
 in from 20 to 60 fathoms, dredged by the writer ; Greenland (Moller). 
 
 Family X^ueiUidn. 
 NucDLA TENUIS (Montagu). 
 
 a. Forma ttwca. 
 
 Area tenuii, M(inta((U (IH08). 
 yiieula Itnuit, Turton (1H22) ; et auct. 
 Njewla linuit, funua liipica, (>. O. iSan (1878). 
 
 b. Forma iiolata. 
 
 yuevta tenuit, Miillpr (1842). 
 
 Nuiutii inilata, HanoKk (1846). 
 
 JVurifta Miqunttt. Beck (1847) : teste Mnroli. 
 
 ITuculn Ifmii; fnnna itijirita, (J. O. Sara (1S78). 
 
 Both varieties of this shell are widely distributed on the European as 
 well a« on the American side <-f the north Atlantic, in fi.m 4 to 100 
 
lit 
 
 fathom*. (>n tht* nut ooMt at Nnrth Amr % tbv iiiaoiM ia kmiwn to 
 nui||e (ram C«pa Cod •ml th*) Muritimi- Pn..incM tu th«i Oultf <i( Kt. 
 LAwivncd •ltd Arctle Doaan, tnd the typical form ooeura aluo in ili* watrni 
 of Briltiih (; '.umbia. Tha var. injfala, «ith iU •ubtrappxifunii contour, 
 that U "HHKuUr in all itf« outlinM" and »i' • rfpitwntcd by " V\u- 4tiU" on 
 pag" Ift;) u( the m>uuim1 rditiiin o( UouldV liivart«brnta u( MaMHii'liiiiM<t,t«, i« 
 oomaion in tha (lull nt Ht. lAwrenca and on the ijtbraiiiir I'oaat It ii thia 
 variety, and not tha A', t.rpititmi of Keevc, a* ninvtt lixurfd in tiii< mniond 
 edition oKiiiuld, that whh rrferntl to, under tin- Utter name, by llie writer, 
 in a paper "on the Mitrine Molluwa u( Raatarn Canada " pul)li«liml in thi« 
 "Canadian Njiturulint " (or lH*iO. 
 
 iV, tfniiit ii recordwl by .Sir J. W, Ehiwiion »h hik\ing haen (oum' (iihiII in 
 the Pluiitoufine dep<Mili of Hucu, Mitine ; o( the idiie dea Cbaleunt, It viere da 
 Loup, Montreal, and Oreenn Cnt-k, near Ottnwn, 
 
 NUCX'LA KXPAMIIA, Keevi>. 
 
 Jftumta ftiTutnM, Itci'Ve ( IHA). 
 ITucult JklliMii, Ailmiin (IWitl). 
 
 North xhore o( the <lul( o( Ht. Lnwrence between the Mecnttinii Ixlanda 
 and Bradore Bny, on a muddy bottom, with .V. lerutli, 1800; ami Chiiteau 
 Biiy, Librador, o( liirge Rize, 1HC4 (Pnclcanl), who savi that I>r. Ntinipium 
 " has identified our tpecimeni an being thix befuro douiit(ul npeeiei. " Little 
 M^tia and Murniy Bny (Sir J. W. IlawMiii)' Anhe Inlet and Port Kurwell, 
 Cape Chudluigh, Iludiion Strait (littll, I8K4) ; ufT Churchill, Keewatin, in 3U 
 fathom.) (Comuiiindnr Wakeham, Uiaiia Exploriuf; expedition, 18'JT). 
 
 \» a ((Mnil .v. fxpaiiia in recorded an having iHten collected in tlio Leda 
 clay at WeHtbrooke, Duck Cove, St. John, N.B.; iind iit Hivicre du Ix)up, 
 P.Q. 
 
 O. O. Sars, hti«e\er, thinks that aV. fj-panm it identicnl with .V. leniiiM 
 var. inflatii, and Sir J. \V. DawHoii that tlie furuier ia probably u " large 
 and well developed northern form o( X lenuia." 
 
 NucuiA PROXIMA, 8«y, var tbusculi'h, Dall. 
 
 1S9H. Trann. \V.i(fniT Kr. In«t. Sc. Fhilwl., »<.'. in., \<. 574. 
 
 Grand Mnnan, "in 4 (tithoms sand off I»uck Island Weir" (Stimpt<on) ; 
 Bay of Fundy, 4 to SO fathoms, common (Verrill); Annapolis Boain, 
 abundant ( Verkruzen) ; Hshiut; Imnks ofl' Halifax, rare (Willis). 
 
 " I( a ^'eographical series of this species ix' examined, it will be noticed 
 that the northern .specimens are almost smoothly truncate behind, the 
 escutcheon is not impressed to any marked degree, and there is no angle at 
 the margin b«'low the escutcheon. On the other hand, the specimens from 
 
124 
 
 the southern ooart, whence Say', type was derived, have a thinner shell with 
 an impressed ewutcheon, the middle of which pouts more or less strongly ; 
 tbi^ valve margin below the escutcheon has a projecting angle; the shell ig' 
 somewhat compressed, compureil with the northern form, and has a paler 
 and mot.,- delioat* epidermis. Several of these characters are correlatives of 
 the latitude, but the extreme forms without a connecting series would be 
 taken by any careful observer for distinct species. Most of the conchologisU 
 of the United States having renided north of Delaware, the northern form 
 is the more familiar both in books and collections, but it is not the original 
 type, and I have therefore givei it a varietal name" (Uall, op. cit. supra.) 
 
 NUCULA DELPIIINODONTA, Mighels. 
 
 Ifurulii dilphinodimta, Mi(fli<>lH (IKIL'). 
 
 Niieula cortiaitu, (Holbiill) .\I.;ll..r (1S42) ; fide Miirch. 
 
 Grand Manan, 25 fathoms mud on the Hake ground (Stimpson) ; " Bay 
 of Fundy, and Eastport Harljour, 10 to 100 fathoms, mud, common" (Ver- 
 rill) ; Annapolis Basin, N.S., rather abundant (Verkruzen) ; fishing banks 
 off Halifax (Willis). Northumberiand Strait, and off Orande Greve, Gasp^ 
 Bay, in 50 fathoms, mud, dredged by the writer. 
 
 Family Ledidtf. 
 Leda minuta (Miiller). 
 
 Anaminufa, MuIIer ( IZrfi) ; ami O. "ibriciuii (1780). 
 Leila mitrnta, Mnller (1842); et auct. 
 
 Fishing banks off Halifax, rare (Willis). Off Orande Greve, (Jaapi^ Bay 
 in 50 fathoms, mud (1869) and off Cap des Rosiers village (1869) dredged by 
 the writer ; Little M^tis and Kamouraska (Sir J. W. Dawson). Labrador 
 coast, at Long Island, 15 fathoms ; Henley Harbour, 20 fathoms : Chateau 
 Bay, ."JO fathoms ; and Square Island, 30 fathoms (Packard). Greenland 
 (Fabricius). 
 
 Also, fossil in the Leda clay at St. John, N.B. ; Riviere du Loup and 
 Montreal. 
 
 Lkda pernula (Miiller). 
 
 Area prmula, Mttller (l"7i») ; fide I»ven. 
 Ana ruKtrata, Uniclin (17U2) ; lid.' I<<jvcii. 
 Leda )tenmla, Loven (IMO) ; et auct. 
 
 Off Halifax, N.S., in 59 fathoms; a typical example, dredged in 1887 
 (Verrill). Off Grande Greve, Ga.sp.i Bay, in 50 fathoms, mud, dredged by 
 the writer ; Little Metis and Kamouraska (Sir J. W. Dawson). Port Bur- 
 well and Ashe Inlet, Hudson Strait (Bell). 
 
139 
 
 FoMil in the I^a clay of Portland and Saco, Maine ; of Lawlor's Lake, 
 near 8i. John, N.B. ; and of New Richmond, and Riviere du Loup, P.Q. 
 
 Leda i'krnula, var. .iacksoxii. 
 
 yufulii Jaikmnii, (iould '1H41). 
 
 Lrdii tiiceala (Htiiiuiitn--. ^il.■^■^(lK42) ; fide Stiiiipwm. 
 
 Lfdn Jaetuonii, ()■ V^ U"il'; 
 
 North shore of the Gulf .' .St. Lawrnwe, (If :;(iribou Island, just inside 
 of the Ktrait of Belle Isle, .Vjumi.mt ; Tjii ra I ir coast, at Long Isjunil and 
 Henley Harbour, in 15 to .1; *.vhoin<. (Pa nard) ; Henley Harbour and 
 Temple Bay in 10 to 15 fathoms, Stearns :r; edition (Miss Bush). A shorter 
 and more tumid shell than the typical L. pirnula, with the cardinal margin 
 eroded in such a manner as to " show the origin of the hinge denticles." 
 
 Leda tksuisulcata (Couthouy) 
 
 Ifunila tenuiimlcdtii, Couthimy (1838). 
 
 Nucnli minul'i, (iimlil (18411. 
 
 /,<'/-( (- miimlmta, Hanlcy (l.S(i(l) ; ( iould (1870) : pt auct. 
 
 Grand Manan, " common on muddy bottoms " (Stimpson) ; Bay of Fundy, 
 common in 6 to 80 fathoms (Verrill) ; P.'i.«samai]uoddy Bay (Ganon^) : 
 fishing banks off Halifax, rare (VVili: V Gulf of St. Lawrence, off Cap de» 
 Rosiers, in 1)0 fiithoms coarse sanQ, with stones, dredged by the writer. 
 Perhaps a slender, compres-seil variety of L. pernula, with the beaks placed 
 rather near to the anterior end. 
 
 YOLDIA LIMATfLA (Say). 
 
 Ntiriiln Uhuiliilii, .Say (1K31). 
 
 Lciti ttmiitiiln, Stimiwon \18.")1). 
 
 Y'Min limatiil^f, II. 4 A. .Vdiilin (IK"*). 
 
 Grand Manan in (i fathoms mud (Stinipison) ; liny of Fundy, 4 to 30 
 fathoms (Verrill) ; fishing banks off Halifax, rare (Willis). Very i-ominon 
 throughout Northumberland Strait, but rare in the northern part of the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence ( Whiteave,-, ) ; l.ittle Mi-tis (Sir J. W. Dawsuii). Fossil 
 in the Leda clay at Riviire ciu Loup (Sir J. W. Dawsoti). 
 
 YoLDIA SAPOTILLA ((^OuUl). 
 
 tfi(rul,i Mjmtill.i. (Jimld (1841). 
 tr'l'i ( Ynliliii) »,tf,ililla. Htiiiiiw.iii (IS.M I. 
 YMin >,ii,nlW<i. M. * .\. .VdniiiH (ls.%8): I'ackard (ISfil); and 
 <;Miia (18701. 
 
 Grand Manan, " 10 fathoms, Welch Pool " (Stimpson) : common in Casoo 
 Bay and the Hay of Fumiy, 4 to 100 fathoms, mud (Verrill) ; fishing banks 
 
126 
 
 off Halifax (Willis) ; Halifax Harbour (J. M. Jones). Occasionally met 
 with in Northumberland Strait, by the writer in 1873, aasociated with Y. 
 liniatiila, of which it may be a small " abbreviated " variety ; Little Mdtis 
 (Sir J. W. Dawson) ; off Caribou Island, at a depth of 10 to 15 fathoms 
 (Packard). 
 
 Fossil at Black Point, N.B. (G. F. Matthew). 
 
 YoLDiA HVALis (Couthouy). 
 
 Ifucula mnalit, Couthouy (1838). 
 Ltda mimlit, StiniiMon (1861). 
 Yoldiii mj/alie, (luuld (18"0). 
 
 Grand Manan, 20 fathoms, mud (Stimpson) ; Bay of Fundy and Annapolis 
 Basin ( Verkruzen) ; fishing banks off Halifax, rare (Willis) ; Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence (Mighels). Gulf and mouth of the River St. Lawrence, at Gasp^ 
 bay an' I the coast of the Gasp^ peninsula. Sir J. W. Dawson (as Leda 
 linMtu/a), Bell, and the writer ; Little Mutis, Kamouraska, and Murray 
 Bay (Sir J. W. Dawson). North shore of the Strait of Belle Isle, at L'Anse 
 au Loup, in 15 fathoms, sand, a very badly worn valve. Steams expedition 
 {Miss Bush). Port Burwell and Ashe Inlet, Hudson Strait (Bell). A more 
 northerly species than }'. limatula, as pointed out by Professor Verrill. 
 
 A single valve of y. myalia was found in the Leda clay at Hopedale, 
 Labrador, by Dr. Packard in 1864. 
 
 YOLDIELLA LUCIDA (Loven). 
 
 Voldin lueida^ lri»ven (1846) ; et auct. 
 .'' Lnta obtsa, StinipHun (1851). 
 Yolitia ttbfm^ f ioulfl (1870) ; Bt auct. 
 Yoldiella iucida, Verrill and Hush (1897). 
 Ynldia (Yoldirlla) lurida, Dall (1898). 
 
 A few living specimens of this species were dredged by the writer in 1871, 
 1872 and 1873, in the deepest parts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the north, 
 south and south-east of the Island of Anticosti, in 100 to 313 fathoms, mud, 
 aNSoeiated with Pfcten (ironlandicui, Dacrydium viireum. Area pectuneu- 
 loiden, a dwarf form of Aatarte crehrkostata, <tc. Verrill says that it is 
 "rare in the Bay of Fundy, in 40 to 100 fathoms." 
 
 Yoldiella frigida (Torell). 
 
 Yoldi. friflidn, Torell (1859) ; O. O. Sara (1878) ; et auct. 
 YMklafriuida, Verrill and Bush (1898). 
 
 Living specimens of this shell were dredged sparingly by the writer, in 
 1871, 1872 and 1873, with the preceding species, in the deepest parts of the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 
r 
 
 Ikmrndt. 
 
 m 
 
 (PORTLANDIA GLACIALI8 (Wood). 
 
 No recent speciiaens of this shell, which is such a characteristic fossil of 
 the Leda ciay in eastern Canada, have yet been found south of the Strait of 
 Belle Isle, on this side of the Atlantic. In 1899, however, Mr. Low dredged 
 four fine living specimens of it in Richmond Gulf, on the east coast of 
 Hudson Strait, on a muddy bottom, in 15-25 fathoms. 
 
 G. O. Sars, and more recently Verrill (in 1897) think that this shell is the 
 Ifucula aretica of Gray (1819), and that it should l)e called I'orthndia 
 arctica (Gray), as it is the type of Morch's genus Portlandla. Dall, how- 
 ever, in 1898, dissents from this conclusion, as far as the specific name is 
 concerned, and maintains that the proper name for it is Forttandia glaciaha 
 (Wood) for the following reasons. "The original Nucula arctica. Gray, is 
 indeterminable from the brief diagnosis, and was not figured. It has been 
 identified by several naturalists (Hanley, Smith and others) with }'. ' yper- 
 borea, Torell, and by others with Y. glacialio, Wood ( + Y. inmcata, Brown, 
 + F. porUandica, Hitchcock). From Moller'a d(;scription of his Y. arctica 
 as ' planiuscula lievi, nitida, luteo-vel fusco virente,' and the number of 
 teeth he ascribes to it, I fet>l compelled to believe that it could not have 
 been Y. gtacialis, whatever Gray's JC. arctica was."* And in a foot note to 
 this last sentence he adds : " In this also I agree with Hanley and Smith in 
 referring Gray's species to the hypeiborea group rather than to that of 
 truncata, Brown, as supposed by Torell, Jeffreys and Morch)." 
 
 Meoayoldia thraci.bformis (Storer). 
 
 Nueula thn, torer (1838); and (limid (1841). 
 
 Nuciila Mvk thouy(18;i«); yimng. 
 
 Yoltlia nntiiiliir .^.ler (1842) ; test* Milrcli. 
 .Veiiaiiuldia thnicmfnrviii, Verrill and liusli (1S97). 
 
 Grand Manan, " in 25 fathoms, mud, off Duck Island " (Stimpson) ; Ray 
 of Fur. . ,, 10 to 100 fathoms (Verrill) ; fishing banks off Hrtlifax (Willis) ; 
 Ha)!L^x Harbour (J. M. Jones). Off the north west coast of Cape Breton 
 Island (dead specimens), and Gulf of St. Lawrence, about half way between 
 Anticosti and the Gasp^ peninsula, in 200 fathoms, mud, rare and small, but 
 living, dredged by the writer. Greenland (Miiller— IVrfiVi angularia). 
 
 * Tr«nMction» of the W4Kner 
 594 and 095. 
 
 .nititute of Science of Philadelphia, vol. HI., pp. 
 
138 
 
 Family Arcidct. 
 Abca (BATuyARCA) PRCTUNcuLOiDBs, ScacohL 
 
 Arra peetuiiculoirlfHf Scocchi (1834) ; fide Nyst. 
 
 Arm niridtntata, Sesrles WiKid (1(M0(. 
 
 , ilhynrm fiectuticuloiilei, Verrill and Buth (18*J8). 
 
 Living in deep water (200 to 313 fathoms) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 
 to the north, south and south-east > i tho Island of Anticosti, where speci- 
 men<i of it were dredged by the writer in 1871, 1872 and 1873. 
 
 According to Verrill this species has been taken by dredging parties of the 
 U. S. Fish Commis.sion, since 1872, in the Hay of Fundy, 108 fathoms ; on 
 Georges and Le Have Banks, and off Halifax, Nova Scotia, at various deptha, 
 from 70 to 430 fathoms. 
 
 Arca (Bathyarca) clacialis. Gray. 
 
 Area filariiifif, (Jray (1H24) : pt anct. 
 &ithi/ftrf't g/aeiaHg^ Verrill and BuhH UHliS). 
 
 "This species has b»eii recorded from the Gulf of St. Lawrence by 
 Jefltruys " (Verrill). 
 
 Family Cardiida: 
 
 Cardium (CERASTonERMA) ciLiATUM, Fabricius 
 
 -^ ■(»;/( ctVHf/MTji, O. FftliriciMsdTHO). 
 Cfidium /tlnrxlinim, Chemnitz (17S2): .Six'nfrler (1808); H atict. 
 Cardium (Cem;ilalrrmaJ filiatum. Dull (VH*)). 
 
 Common, at m.idorate depths, throughout the whole of the region under 
 considoratioii. It i.'f tlie large frin e-ribbed cockle of the Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence, and both it and Herrip-'s Oreenlandirus form an imj)ortant part of the 
 foiid of the halibut and cod. Botli, al.>o, are known to inhabit the coast of 
 Labiailor, Hudson Bay and Greenland, and to extend their range south- 
 ward ti> Cap Cod. 
 
 In a fossd state C. cilintum has l)een found in the Pleistocene deposits of 
 Portland, Me. ; of Lawlor's Lake, near St. John, N.B. ; of Little Metis, 
 Riviere du Loup, the .Saguenay and Murray Bay, P.Q. ; also of two or three 
 miles up Whale River, Hudson Bay (Bell, 1877); of near Moose Factory, 
 JamiisBay (Bell, 18"."), and A. S. Cochrane, 1*^77) ; of the Limestone rapids 
 of tlie Fawn Branch of tlie Severn River, Keewatin yA. P. Low, 1886); 
 and of Vancouver Island, B.C. 
 
129 
 Cabdium (Cbras-todbrma) piwnulatom, Conrad. 
 
 C«rr/.i<« pinnulalum, Conra.1 (1831 1 ; ,t aii<t. Am. 
 CardiHix(Crraitodirma) pinnuMiim, Dall (lilOO). 
 
 Grand Manan, " in four f,ithom«, coarse sun.l " (Stimpson) ; Bayof Fundy 
 2 to 80 fathoms (Vorrill) ; abundant in L'Etang Harlwur, Charlotto Co.,' 
 Ci.a (Oanong); Annapolis Basin, not abundant (Verkruzen). Fishinff 
 banks off Halifax (Willi.,, ; Halifax Harbour (J. M. Jones) ; I^ Have Bank! 
 in 45 and 60 fathoms (Smith and Har«.r). Northumberland Strait 
 (Whiteaves); Oasp^ Bay (Sir .J. VV. Dawson, and the v^riter). Packard 
 records C. pmn,dat,im as very common at .Salmon Bay, Caribou Island 
 and says that it did not occur north of the .Strait of Belle Isle. But Mis^ 
 Bush says that a specimen sent by Packard to the Poahody Museum of Yale 
 Colleso, and labelled C. pinnulalum, is a youn« specimen of C. eilialnm. 
 The true C. pmnulatum is known to range a.s far to the south'.ard as Long 
 Island Sound. 
 
 Dr. G F. Matthew has found this shell fossil in the I^a clay at Lawlors 
 Lake and St. John, N.B. 
 
 Cabdium (L.«vioardium) Mortoxi, Conrad. 
 
 IMrdiiiM Morloni, ConraH (1S30) ; anil (i.mld (IMl). 
 Lioc;rUiiwi Mortuni, .Stimp^jii (1H6«I; aiil (Jould (18701. 
 Livi.nnlhim Xu'fmi, IVrkiin il*;il) : i.i,ri VVrrill (I«73). 
 Ciirdium (Orr-mnlittM) Murl.mi, DM |1!KI0). 
 
 Dartmouth L.ke.s. Halifax, N.S. (Willis, teste Oould,. The only Canadia 
 locil.ty yot known for this speoies, which rang,-s as far south as Florida. 
 
 Serripes GBorNLANDicus (Omelin). 
 
 Venm h/awlirn, O. Fabriciu* (1780) ; ni,n Lrnw. 
 Ciintium '■ranltirudnim, (imfliii (17!I2) ; ,t auet. 
 Aphroditi rohinilm, I^a(18.'i4). 
 Serriptt Om nlanttirus ( Btok) (iould (1841 i. 
 
 Common at moderate depths (10 t„ .50 or 60 fathoms) in the Gulf of St 
 Lawrence and northward to Hudson Strait and Greenland, often associated 
 with Card„„„ clUafum (I.landiru,,.). The .species is also known tooccuron 
 tlie Xewfoundland Banks (Verkruzen) and on the Atlantic coast of 
 Nova Scotia, southward t<, Capo Cod, but it has not vet Iv-en recor<lod as 
 having Ijeen taken in the Bay of Fundy. 
 
 As a,i American fossil S. Gr„nfandlcus has Ix'en found in the pleistocene 
 deposits of Maine. New Brunswick, the Province of Quebec, Labrador and 
 Greenland. 
 9 
 
130 
 
 Family Cyprinidit. 
 Ctprina Islandica (L.). 
 
 Fftiul Itlanditn, L. (1771!). 
 
 Cyprina Iilandka, Lamarck (IHSli) ; «t auct. 
 
 Grand Manan, "rarely found " (Htimpson) ; Bay of Fundy, 6 to 90 
 fathoms (Verrill) ; Paaaamaquoddy Bay (Ganong) ; Ht. Mary's Bay and 
 Annapolis Basin (Verlcruzen) ; Atlantic coast of Nova Hcotia, common 
 (Willis) ; northern coast of NorthumlierUiid Strait (Whiteuves). Although 
 recorded by Fabricius as a Oieenland shell, this species has not yet been 
 found ia the Gulf of St. Lawrence, north of the Bale des Chaleurs. 
 
 Family AttartMr. 
 
 AsTAKTK LACTBA, Broderip and Sowerby. 
 
 Attarte Inctca, Btoderip and Sowtrby (182H) ; anil liny (18M). 
 
 Specimens of an Astarti, which agree remarkably well with the description 
 
 and figures of A. lactea in the second volume of the Thesaurus Conchyliorum, 
 
 have been dredged at several lociilities in the Gulf and mouth of the River 
 
 St. Lawrence, by the writer and by Sir J. W. Dawson. This shell is by far 
 
 the largest Astarte in these or in any Canadian waters, and is especially 
 
 abundant on the Bradelle Bank. Willis records it as having been taken 
 
 many years ago on the fishing banks off Halifax, and more recently it has 
 
 been collected by Bell at Port Biirwell and Ashe Inlet, Hudson Strait. 
 
 A. lactea may be the sanm as the Craasina geminiikata of Leach (1819), as 
 stated by Gray and others, but Loven says thiit Leach's C. 8<?minUcata is the 
 same as C. elliptiea, Brown, which Hariley has showr to be A. comtn-f.ssa (L). 
 On the other hand, A. lactea may be only a local variety of A. boreatis, 
 Chemnitz (= A. arcika. Gray), bat it seems to the writer to be distinguish- 
 able therefrom by th-! "strong and regular costellie," or concentric ribs, 
 " near the l)eaks," as pointed out by Sowerby. In the halt grown shell, for 
 which Reeve is supposed to have suggested the name A. Hichardtoni, the 
 whole surface is concentrically \ ibbed and the epidnrmis of a lighter colour. 
 According to Sir J. W. Dawson, this shell, which he calls " Astarfe arctica, 
 Moller, (var. laclea)," is found fos-il in the Pleistocene of New Brunswick 
 and Labrador. 
 
 ASTARTE COMPRESSA (L.). 
 
 Vmut covipreisa, L. (171)7) ; teste Hanlcy. Nun MontaBii. 
 
 I'raiiina elliptiea. Brown (1J^27). 
 
 Aitarte temisulcaia. JtiiUpr (1H42); mm Lfach. 
 
 Attarte flliptiea, Mctiillivray (1843). 
 
 Common at depths of from 10 to 50 (and perhaps 100) fathoms, in the 
 Gulf and mouth of the River St. l^wrence, from the Bradelle and Orphan 
 

 131 
 
 banks and Oasp^ Bay, northward to Hudson Sirait and Greenland. Verrill 
 .ays that he has dredged but one .pecimen of it on the New England coMt 
 (off Casco Hay, 65 fathoms), and it has been taken on the Le Have Bank 
 W.S., by Sm.th and Hargor. In the liny of Fundy an.l Northumberland 
 Strait .ts place is taken by the finely ril.kKl variety of A. nndata The 
 •pecimens from Uaspt^ Bay and the U.«p.^ peninsula that were identified 
 with A. sulcata by Sir J. W. Dawson, in 1858, and by Bell, in 1869, and 
 w.th A. nndata by the w.iter, in l«f,9, are all forms of A. compre,sa, L. 
 Ihe statement made on page 230 of Sir J. W. Daw«,ns memoir on the 'Ice 
 Age in Canada," on the authority of the writer, to the e.Tect that '■ I regard 
 this as A..urte laclea, B.od. and Sby., and A. .e.nuulcata, Lesch ; but as 
 proUbly distinct, as Astartes go, fr„m A. l>ore,UU (= A. arctica), is mi.- 
 placed. It was intended to refer to the species which Sir William calls 
 Astarte arotusa, var. lactea, and not to that which ho identifies with A 
 elhptica. 
 
 In a fossil state, A. compr«s$a has been found at Portland, Alaine, the 
 Saguenay and Labrador. 
 
 ASTARTE INDATA, Gould. 
 
 Attiirte undnta, fJould (1841) ; prnvisional iiaun,. 
 
 Aatnrtf tulcatn. Could (1841 and 1870) ; nut of Kuropean writers. 
 
 Cratiimi lalimira, Hanley (1M43). 
 
 Attarl- umlala, Pliilippi (1850) ; and V.-rriIl (1872). 
 
 Var. LDTBA : 
 
 Aft.irl, Intra, Perkins (IWiUi. 
 
 Grand Manau, "common in deep water on muddy bottoms," (.Stimpson 
 as A. sulcata, Fleming); "very coi.mion in Casco Bay and Bay of Fundy, 5 
 to 100 fathoms" (Verrill) ; Minas Basin (G. T. Kennedy) : Passamaquoddy 
 Bay(Ganong); Ainapolis Basin, abundant (Verkruzen) ; Halifax Harbour 
 (J. M. Jones, as A. sulcata, Fleminjj); Northumberland Sirait (Whiteaves). 
 Not known to occur as far to the northward us Miramiclii Bay. 
 
 It has long been known that there are two well marked 'forms of this 
 species, though they pass insensibly into oicli „tii>,r. The typical form, 
 upon which Hanley base<l his C. hitisuh-a, i.a.s distant and comparatively 
 few concentric ribs. The other form, or ^a^. I at.;,, (which Verrill identifies 
 with A. lutea, Perkins) has rather more numerous concentric rilw, aiid more 
 closely resembles the British A. ^uhala. In the Bay of Fundy and in the 
 Minas Basin, both forms occur t-.g^-ther, but in X.,rtliuioberland .Strait, so 
 far as the writer can remember, it is only tl.e v.ir. l„lea that has been 
 found. 
 
 9J 
 
AsTARTB cRCBRicosTATA, Forbe*. 
 
 .' Cmi$ina deprtua, Bniwii (1844) v»ripty ; fidf J«flr»y». 
 
 AHarte crthrieoitatu, Furbea (1IM7) : Furltes »id Hwlpy (1IU8) ; at aiict. 
 
 In 1871, 1872 and 1873 several living examples of a peculiar little Aahtrle 
 with regular and rither numerous concentric ribs and a light brownish- 
 yellow epidermis, were dredged by the writer in the deep sea mud (112 to 
 313 fathoms) of the Uulf of 8t. Lawrence, to the north, south and south 
 •Bst of the Island of Anticosti. Those collected in 1871 were at first 
 identified by Jeffreys with A, Huleala, var. minor, but they were regarded 
 by Verrill as probably a dwarf form of A. Un$, Stimpson. Subsequently, 
 the writer came to the conclusion that the whole of these specimens represent 
 a small, local variety of A. crebrieoslafa, also that they are prolmbly identical 
 with the A. subaquUatera and possibly with the A. oblonga of Sowerhy. In 
 a letter to the writer, dated May 26, 1876, Jeffreys exprevsed the opinion 
 that they are "apparently a dwarf form of Crcuniiui depreiua, Brown (^A. 
 erebrieottata, Forbes)." The late Dr. P. P. Carpenter, to whom a few 
 ■pecimens were submitted a little later, furnished the following notes upon 
 them : " I cannot perceive any difference at all, inside or out, by which 
 these can be separated from some of the A. crebricoa'ata, Forbes, dredged at 
 Finmark by McAndrew. Yours, being eroded at the beak, look different, 
 and the largest of yours is very small compared with the Finmarkians. 
 Moreover some of yours have fewer ribs in proportion ; but others exactly 
 correspond. Your shells show considerable variations in '>utline, the Fin- 
 markians are very uniform. I have put a mark against a shell on your 
 tablet, that would make a good crebricostala. I should take your shells to 
 be the A. lubequilatera of Sowerby, junior, as I think was your opinion. 
 One of your transverse ones, which I have ulso marked, would do suUiciently 
 well for A. oblonga, Sowerby, junior, were it not that the ribs do not evanesce 
 as there descrilted. Every one finds Astartos puzzling." 
 
 Professor Verrill thinks that the shell described and figured by CJould as 
 A. crebricoKtata, in the second edition of the Invertebrata of .Vla-ssachusetts, 
 is not the A. crehricnut/ita of Forbes, and that the former should be called 
 A. letm, Stimpson. The shell that Gould identifies with A. crehricostata is 
 said to have been collected off Halifax, N.8., ("young specimens in 
 abundance ") by Willis ; at Anticosti Island (Stimpson) ; and ivt Dauphin 
 Harbour, Ijabrador, by Packard. Verrill says that .4. term occurs in the 
 Bay of Fundy on soft bottoms in 30 to 130 fathoms. 
 
 AsTARTE CBENATA, Gray. 
 
 Off Bear Head, Anticosti, in 120 fathoms; two living specimens, which 
 were dredged by the writer in 1871 and identified with this species by 
 Jeffreys in 1877. Three very similar specimens have since been dredged 
 
1.13 
 
 (living) in Richmond (luif, Hudson Buy, in 15 to ir, fathomt, muddy 
 bottom, by A. P. I<ow, in 1899. 
 
 The whol« surface of each valve of .St. Liivrrence cpeciirnnM of A. 
 erebricoMlafa, as itn nitinn iiiiplien, is concf-ntriciilly ril)lied. Thus, in a «p«^i- 
 mea about 20 mm. in lenglii, th.-re iiro iilxiut iw.nty -me distinct and 
 prominent concpntric ribs, and if the lieak< hud n..t b»<cn o iittlp ero<ipd, 
 thop; wouhl have ber<n a few more. Hut, in K[w.(imens of A. ir'ttata fn.m the 
 saniR region, the libbing is much Hner and it would (■.•oni tliot it is only the 
 upper half of each valve (i. e tlio pail intlu.sivp ;)f the b«Mk, and half woy 
 to the ventriil marstin) that is rihix-d, the lower half l>. ni» coarsely and 
 irregularly stria concentrically. The largPHt Ht. La« icncc specimen of 
 A. rrenata th-t i » -iter has seen is :;5 mm. long, and ■ n its outer Hurface 
 there are about I .ncpntric ribs in the upper half of ra. li valve. The three 
 comparatively siuall sjieciinens from Hml.son iJay are irnKularly striated 
 All over. 
 
 ASTARTE CA4TANEA, Say. 
 
 Vriiut Mutnttfrtt Say (1.S22). 
 
 Ailartr rtitliiiun, Siiy ilXtOl; ft Hiict. 
 
 Bay of Fundy, 5 to --'n fathoms, not common ( Verrill) ; AnnaiMilis Basin, 
 N.8., rare (Verkruzen) ; Indian Sptinns, cast side of Cape Ulomidon, 
 Minas Basin, IS;.*) (G. T. Kennedy); Halifax Harlnmr (Willis): off Cape' 
 Sable, N.S. (Verrill); Sable Island, 1899 (Prof. .Macoun). 
 
 A New Kngland species, which docs not seem to range farther to the 
 northword than the Bay of I.indy and Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia. 
 
 ASTARTE QCAPRANS, Gould. 
 
 Attitrt€ qHiidnini, tiouM (1841 nnd 1S70). 
 A^lartt Poitlniiilica, .Mit,'htl« (1S43) ; variety. 
 
 (Jrand Manan, "occurs very rarely here" (Stimpson) ; Bay of Fundy, in 
 6 to 40 fathoms, not uncommon (Verrill) ; north shore of the St. Lawrence, 
 off Esquimaux Point (J. Kichardson, Jun.) 
 
 The " van /' ' uiiliat ticcurs, with intermediate form.s, in Ca.sco Bay and 
 Bay of Fundy, lo u> i') fathoms, not common ;" (V'errill). 
 
 AsTARTE Banksii (Leach). Typical form. 
 
 Vrnu> rnmfrmw. >l.nit.agn (180.S): nun L. rid,. S. Wrnxl. ami (i. <). Sam. 
 
 Veimn Mimlaniti, I'illwyii (1X17). 
 
 yiraniii Bunk.'-ii, Liavh (1819) : and Sabine (1824) tesH. M.ilW. 
 
 t'lnui Moiiliinui, W. WiKid (182,">). 
 
 Afliirte Jimdiii, Mul'er (1S42). 
 
 ytraiiiii Hinkiiii, forma liipifn, (!. (). Sam (1878). 
 
 Off Halifax, N.S. (Stimpson, tide Packard) ; Le Have Bank, N.S., U. S. 
 Fish Commission, 1872, (Smith and Harger). Common in the northern and 
 
 I 
 
IM 
 
 colder parte of the Oulf »nd inontb <rf the Rirer 8t. Lawrence, in depth* ot 
 ■oine 10 to 60f»thomi, northward to Labrador, Hudion Strait and Oreen- 
 land. On the " Diana" explorinx eipedition to Hudaon Bay in 1 807, ipecimenii 
 of it were drwiged by Mr. A. P. Low between King 0«orge Hound and the 
 bottom of Ungava Bay. Home ipeoimeni dredged off Uraiide Orcve, Uasp^ 
 Bay, by the writer in 1867, were pronounced by Mr. Hanley (in 18C8) to 
 be the exact variety of A. Bankni figured in Beechey'n Zoology of the 
 Beagle. 
 
 If A. Banluii it the same as the IVnu* eompritta of Montagu, but not of 
 LiiiHH-n«. a* mainUined by Searlea Wood and «. O. Sars, and the preceding 
 d.it«'H arc correct, the law* of priority would »eem to require that the present 
 HjKcipH ^1. ..;M be called il. JUonlaculi (Dillwyn). 
 
 llowwor thin may be, aa a North American quaternary fosail, A. Bcnhii 
 in rec.ir<|.Ml l.y Sir J. W. Dawson as having been collected in the Leda clay 
 al PurtlaiiJ, Mnine ; at St. John, N.B; at Anticfwti, Little Metis, Kivi^re 
 du l^up, Knmouraska, Quebec, ami Montreal, P.Q.; also at Labrador. 
 
 ASTARTB BaRKSII, Var. nLOBOSA. 
 
 A$Utrl» fflohoia, Moller 0X42), 
 
 Yiwinin Bankiii, var. gtohnu, O. (). 8ftr« (1878). 
 
 Entrance to Qasp^ Bay, where an unusually laige living specimen, which 
 measures— length 28 mm., height 2fl mm., brrsdth, or Rreatest thickn.»s8 
 through both vah 16 mm.,— was dredged by the writer in 18G7. A 
 few much smalle- »; . |. .ens wi-e dredged on the north shore of the St. 
 Lawrence, off Egg Isiand, in 70 to 80 fathoms, l>y the writer in 1871. 
 
 ASTARTE BaKKSII, var. 8TH1AT.\. 
 
 Vidinia itriala, heach (IH19). 
 
 Crantinn itriala. Brown (1827). 
 
 Ailarit tfriata. Brown (1844) ; Miillpr (1842) ; »t »uct., but not 
 
 A. ilriiila, Sowerliy (1H22) tciste Loven. 
 AMarte Banktii, var. striala, (i. <). Sar!( (1S7.SJ, 
 
 Specimens that have been identified with A. atrialahavo been recorded as 
 having been collected from the fishing bunks off Halifax, by Willis, in Gaspti 
 Bay by the writer, at Murray Bay by .Sir J. W. Dawson, on tlie Labrador 
 coast at Hopedale by Packard, and on the Greenland coast l.y Jlt-ller. 
 Packard has expwssed the opinion that A. Laiuviitiina, Lyell, from the 
 Pleistocene deposits ut Beaupoit, is identical with A. Bank.Kii. aml^ir 3. 
 W. Dawson that it is the same as A. striata. In the writnr's judgment, no 
 living specimens that he has seen, from the Gulf of St. Lawrence or else- 
 where, are exactly similar to A. Laurentiana. 
 
139 
 
 Family Carditidit. 
 Vknkhk'ardia bokkaliu (Conrnd). 
 
 CnrHiItt hmnlit. Ctmnul (IKIK ; knil (;<hiM (imi, IH7»|. 
 A<-lin<ilMiluiilK>rfilit, H. ami A. A'Unn (l«68|. 
 Vfnrrieanliii Immilit, I 'arin'iitar (11*13). 
 C,wtoraftliit iMtrrahtf Vwrrill (1H73). 
 
 Uenerally distribuU-d tr^m Conn«cticut to fluHson Strait. Tt >im been 
 drpdged at many localitioi in tho iUy of Kundy, Atlantic coaHt of Nova 
 Sootia, and Oulf and muuth of th« iiiver Mt. I.iawrimce, in deptlis of from 3 
 to 50 fathom*. Htiinjwon nays tiiat at Ducic Island, (irand Manan, it is 
 found " at low water, under ntunei*, attached i>y u inlnutn liyisuit." Fine 
 large iipeciineni of thin iihell, in tlio Mu»euui of the Survey, were dredged at 
 Ashe Inlet, Hud»on Strait, by l)r K. Itel! in \h>H, The iipeciev lia» long 
 been known to occur on the Puciflc coant of North America, oa far Mouth as 
 Catalina Lsland, California, and it has been dredgMJ at several localities in 
 the Queen Charlotte Inlands by Dr. O. M Dawuon. Accordins to Verrill,* 
 the Actinobolut (Cyclocardia) .Xumni/liir of Morse, appears to bo only an 
 incon.st'tnt variety of the common V. horealin, and han a range coeitensive 
 with the latter. 
 
 In n fossil state V. borea/i» hm bt'en obtained from the Pleistocene beds 
 of the littbrador coast, by Packard in 1804. 
 
 Family Vfitiridir. 
 Vknus mbiicknahu, L. 
 
 IVntjx wcrrfii./rMi. L. (17(17): «'t. alict. 
 Mererifiriii rinluren, Scliiiiiiariicr I1.S17). 
 Mfreemtna nii iT(n>iri<i, Chi-nu I'.Wili). 
 Cramfiftnim iitfrrtiMri(t, IVrkitiH (iHtifll. 
 
 One of the must characteristic shalluw water species of the southern and 
 warmer area.sof the region under consideration, with a very similar range to 
 that of the comnion oyster of eastern Caniido. According to Willis, J. M. 
 Jon'.s and others, I', mercunaria is eoininon at Sable Island and on the 
 Atlantic const of Nova Scotia. Verkruz"n ^ays it is "pretty almndant " at 
 St. Mary's Bay, on the Nova Scotinn side of the Bay of Fundy, and it is 
 known to occur throughout Nortliumberland Strait, as far to the north- 
 weslwaril as Bathurst, on the south shore of the Baie des Chaieui's, where it 
 was collected by Mr. R. Chalmers in If'TH. 
 
 * Traimactiimitof thn Cimnectlcut Aiadciiiv nf Arts and Scienctw, Tnl. v., p. 572. 
 
136 
 
 TOTTKRU (IKMMA (TotUn). 
 
 T'nui f em um , Tnltm (IHiUl, 
 
 ilrmma Tntlrni, Sti!ii|i«(n (IWMI). 
 Tallf Hui i/tmuvi, IVrkin" (IWIUl. 
 
 Ontnd Maimn ( Verrill) ; fUliiiig bunlct off lUlifiix, r«re, (WillU) ; Prinee 
 Edw*rd I»l»ml (81r J. W. l>«w«m); lihediae H»y (Whit«<»v«.ii) ; Oreen 
 Iiluid, nuulh shore of th« mouth of th«> River Mt. Ijiwrence (Flell); and 
 Indian Uarlwur, liitbrador, at low water (Packard). 
 
 Cytmkrka convrxa, Hajr. 
 
 Cfithtrtn ronrrm, S»y i IH24I fiawil ; (KniH (imi and 1870) raofinl. 
 Cjtllirrraliafiiinii, C'ihiiimI (IMKI) i ivcfnt. 
 V«ll ita rtmrrj;), M, itml A. Aduiiii ( ISfiH). 
 Cfitlttnti Sajtii, I'urkiiM (ImiW), 
 
 Oak Bay, N.H. (Uanon'^j); Ht. Mary'i May, N.R, at low ti.les, rare 
 (Verkruzen); Sablw Island, rare (VVilli») ; Shediac B«y,_Northuinl*rl«ml 
 Strait,— and Magdalen Islands (Wliiteavea) ; Prince Edward Island (.Sir J. 
 W. DawBon). 
 
 LlOCYMA rLl'CTU08A (CJould). 
 
 rrniu.rfurtuoM, (iiiuld (Kmi. 
 Kfnlli iinlnrluiilrt, Ilrck (imiM. 
 TnprtHucluofa, 'iolihl (IM'O). 
 LiucjimaJluelKdia, Dall (1S7I»). 
 
 Widely distributed from the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia to Ijibrador 
 and Ore«'nland, in from 10 to about 5o fathoms, but apparently i>tni. »hough 
 usually abundant where found. Willis quotes it as rare on the fishing banks 
 off Halifax ; and the writer has dredged it abundantly, living, both on the 
 Bradelle Bank and in (ia«p<'> Bay. Piu-kard says that he dredge<l ii single 
 yalve of it on the bank nwir Caribou Island, (in I860), and that he subse- 
 quently (in 1804) found it not uncommon in Henley Harlxmrandort'Squiire 
 Island, Labrador. Miss Bush also records its having been taktri by the Stearns 
 Labrador expedition (in 1882) at L Anse au I^up and Henley Harbour, in 
 10 to 15 fathoms ; and Beck, at Mahlsiilik, (Jreenland. 
 
 The shells of living specimens of this species are usually white, with a 
 very thin hyaline outer layer, the surface of *hich has a highly polished 
 appearance, but exceptionally they are of a pwle reddish brown colour, and 
 even approaching to orange. 
 
Family Pfiriei>lu(<». 
 Fetrioula piiuLADiroHMiii, Ijtmi»r<-k. 
 
 frlr,r,J„ ,,kiil-nlii,irmn. UtnKnk (IfllH)) ■mi H«y (IMO. 
 
 filriivlii forniriilt, .Hit> (IM23l. 
 
 P,lr irolii >/.i.'f .«'»•, Say itHM) : *ii>l (tmilil I tliti am) IM'O). 
 
 St. M»r;'a Biiy, N'.H. ( Verlcruzpn) : 8alile Ixlunil, rare (Willis); Roalh 
 ooMt of Prinw! Kdwnnl InIhikI, huTDwitiK in t»-U n( r«l idmUtonp and 
 •hale (Hir J. W. DitWNim. itnii V. Hnin) ; Shxiioc B»y, ami elaowht-re in 
 NorlhuinbdrlanU Mraii (\S'liit«'iv«K). 
 
 Family DiftlDiionlidir 
 Ckyptodo!! Uouliiii, Pliillippi. 
 
 huritvt <li 'wi->, liinilil (IHIll; iiiiii .\liilita|ril, »\'. 
 
 t'triiui llmilitii. I'liilipiH lIMi'il. 
 
 Tk uimltti Ihmhhi. Stiliil»«ili llHMI. 
 
 i'r,,pfoil,i,i liiiiihlii. H. iiiiil A. A.liiii.* (IHW) ; ft «i«» 
 
 Widely but apparently very sparingly distriliutccl through the whole 
 r«((ion, from the Uay of Kunily, Atlantiu t'oiist uf Nuva Scotia and ('ulf and 
 mooth of the Hivor St. Liiwrencn, to Lal)rii<lor and Ori-enlund, nt deptlii of 
 •bout 10 to 3l;S fathom.'*. 
 
 According to Sir J. W. I'awvm, ulifll.s of this B|«cieii arc rare in the Leda 
 clay of Montrciil. 
 
 CntlTODON OHUfum, Verrill. 
 
 1S7'.'. .Vnifr. .Inurn Sc. aii'l ArU, Tliinl Sitmh, v.il. ill., p. 2K7. 
 
 Off Nova Scotia, Vi-rrill ; who sayriivUo tlmt he hax ili-teetpd one specimen 
 of this npjcies amon){ tilt' shells, etc., drLHl;,'ed by I'ttckiird in 1«()4 on the 
 Labrador coa.st. 
 
 Cbyptodos pt..KNUs, Verrill and Bush. 
 
 18W. I'rcK-. r.S. Nat. Mu»., v..l. w., \>. ThU. 
 
 " Found in M to lOO fathoms, north of Ciipe Cod, in the Gulf of Maine, 
 Casco Bay, Bay of Fundy and Halifax M»rb..jr, 187-', 1885" (Verrill and 
 Bush). 
 
1S8 
 
 Crtptodon (Axikulus) frbruoinoscb (Forbes). 
 
 Cruptodon rotundatvm, S. Wood (ItMO). 
 
 Xelliaferruffinom, Forbet (1848). 
 
 iximu ffrruirinoiiu, G. O. San (1878). 
 
 Cryftodonftrruginotvt, Verrill (1882). 
 
 Cryftodon {Axinulut)/ernigitu>tu$, Verrill and Bu(h (1898). 
 
 on^"i! ,*'/!' ^^"""^' «'"*•' ""d «>"*»' ««t Of the Island of Antico«ti, in 
 200-313 fathoms, mud, dredged by the writer in 1873 ; a few small but 
 hvmg specimens, which are believed to be referable to thi» species. 
 
 Chyptodon (Axindlus) insqualis. Verrill and Bush. 
 1898. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mm., vol. \x., p. T91. 
 "A few specimens have been found in 14 to 49 fathoms at about eleven 
 •tetioiis north of Cape Cod, in Casco Bay, and in Halifax Harbour. 1873- 
 79 " (Verrill and Bush). 
 
 AxiHTOPsis OBBicoLATA, G. O. Sars, var. ik^qcalis, Verrill and Bush. 
 
 1898. Op. cit., vol. XX., p. "94. 
 Bay of Fundy (Verrill and Bush). 
 
 Family Leptonidai. 
 Kbllia suBORBinutARis (Montagu). 
 
 Mya tulmrbicuUtrit, Mnntami (1804). 
 
 Kdlin niborbicularit, Turton (1822) ; et auct. 
 
 "Sable Island, Willis," in J. Matthew Jones' "List of the Mollusca of 
 Nova Scotia," published in 1877, though the writer has failed to find the 
 name of this specie, in Willis' 1863 list, as republished rn vol. vii. of the 
 Transactions of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Science. 
 
 I 
 
 ROCHEFORTIA MoLLERI (M.irch). 
 
 Montaetila rlrrata. Moroh (187.5) ; not .Stimp«>n (1851). 
 Mytellii Uottrri (Holbiill) .Miirch. 
 Jtorhefortia MMcti, Dall (I'JOO). 
 
 Halifax Harbour, in ISfathoms, U. S. Fish Commission, 1877 (Miss Bush). 
 
 It is doubtful whether the specimens from Sable Island that Willis 
 Identified with the KelHa vlatmlata of Stimpson. should be referred to 
 Rocheforlia plamdata or to R. Molleri. 
 
IS9 
 
 Family KellUmda: 
 TcRTOsiA MiNDTA (Fftbricius). 
 
 Vtttiu mt'nula, O. FRbriciu* (1780). 
 
 Letcf I minula, Miillw (1842). 
 
 Tiirlonia minuta, Aldrr (IftW) ; and Stimpaon (1851). 
 
 Turtonia nitida, Verrill (1872). 
 
 Sable Island, common (Willis); Greenland (Fabricius, and MoUer 
 
 Family Mactridir. 
 Sfisula (Hkmimactra) souDiaaiMA (Dillwyn). 
 
 Maetra totidhtima, Dillwyn (1817) ; tide Dall. 
 Uaetra timili$. Say (1822). 
 Maetra gi'jantca, Lamarck ( 1830). 
 Uaclra tolidiitima, (Jould (1H411. 
 Maetra pondrrom, Philipi>i (1844). 
 Hemititartra foUdiainm^ Conrad (18(i8). 
 Spifuta iffcmimactra) ttotidUsiiiutt Dall (1H1I5). 
 
 An inhabitant of sandy stretches or bays, living at depths of from low- 
 water to ten fathomt. It is common in the Bay of Fundy, on the Atlantic 
 coast of Nova Scotia, and in Northumberland Strait, and it is also foand, 
 though much more sparingly, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, northward to the 
 Strait of Belle Isle. 
 
 Spisula (Hemimactra) polysyma (Stimpson). 
 
 M«c>ra timitit, Gray (1842); non .Say. 
 
 Maetra omlh, (Jould (1841 and 1870); noii .T. Sowi-rby (1817). 
 
 Maetra ponderom, Stiiniwon (ISal). 
 
 Miietra poliimi'""' Stimpson (18ii(l). 
 
 Spimd-'i (Heminiaetni) pofi/iitinut^ I>aU (WO.'i). 
 
 A scarcer shell than the pncedinj,'. of which it maybe only a variety. It 
 has a similar habitat and the same geographical liislriljution. 
 
 MULINIA LATERALIS (Say). 
 
 Mnelrii latintlh. Say (18221. 
 
 Miiliiiia laliralit, (irity (1837). 
 
 Utandclla Menilin, H. and A. .Adami" (IS.W). 
 
 About ten miles north of Slietliac, N.B.. in 10 fathoms, sand; one 
 cpecimen, dredged b • the writer in 1873. 
 
1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 i;i 
 
 
 h^ 
 
 
 .1. 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 k 
 
 it 
 
 140 
 
 Family Mttodesmatidtr^. 
 
 MlaODEHMA DRAURATUH (Turton). 
 
 Mactra deannUa, Turton (1822). 
 
 Mtudema Jaumil. De Jo«nnU (1834) j and Gould (1841) 
 
 Cerotua dtaurala, H. and A. Adam. (1888) j and Gould (1870). 
 
 Under the generic name Ceronia, botl. M. deauralum, and Af arctatum 
 Conrad) are «id to be «re on the fishing banks ofl SabI Island Z^Z 
 
 n :: TT'^^ '"' "* ^"^'^ ''^*'* ^•'^»* 0° ^he authon^ 'of d 
 Dr^ould Dr. R. Bel. referred to M. arctatum the specimen/that he cLt 
 
 1858. On the other hand, Dr. Packani identified y,itl. M. JauresiiU 
 •ynonymof if <hauratum) all the specimen, that he found th-Tn up 
 
 ^Itl' ,, "TT"' """""^^ '* ^'"'" "^"^ '" 1867. and off Magpie 
 Tillage (on the north shore of the St. Lawrence) in 1871 by the wrk^r 
 and at Tadou«»c by Sir J. W. Dawson, have b«.nLrred ^ A ^IJlZ' 
 
 The wnter h«i long been under the impression that there is only ow 
 olMesodmma in Canadian waters, and that the distinction betw^.. 
 
 <um and irdsoum<um can scarcely bo satisfactorily maintained Y , 
 quite adult specimens, with the valves covered with a yellowish o- .o 
 slightly iridescent epidermis agree in that respect with the d. >on of 
 
 ^. arctatum ; whereas adult and aged specimens, with only a nanow strip 
 
 "XZ^liSV^'T' TT''': ^''"'■'^' »"«-.— pond he's 
 with that of i/. deauratum. Judging by the figures in the second edition of 
 
 SL tit "*'u"*' '*' ^•-«=^'-»^. ^he principal diffe^nce between 
 th««3 two forms would seem to be that in i^. arcta<«.. the short posterior 
 end IS so abruptly subtnincate that the beaks are almost terminal ; where*, 
 in jr. deanraium the same part of the shell is somewhat produced. I„ this 
 particular all the Canadian specimens that the writer has seen, ag,^ ViZ 
 with the figure of If arctatum than with that of if. deauratum ' 
 
 ^^ In a let^r dated Feb 18th, 1901, Dr. Dall writes ,« follows on this point 
 In regard to the Mesodesmas Stimpson recognizes thi-ee forms : ' 
 
 3iea 
 - c/a- 
 
 not 
 oimes 
 .on of 
 
 arctatum, Conrad (1831), 
 
 Anterior end more pointed. 
 
 Flattened. 
 
 Posterior end shorter. 
 
 Straw yellow. 
 
 Rather thin. 
 
 Kadial lines obvious. 
 
 Shell broad. 
 
 <;in«r«a,8timpson(M.S.) jfcaura/um,Turton(l822) 
 do. 
 
 tur^d. 
 
 shorter. 
 
 ashy. 
 
 very thick. 
 
 obsolete. 
 
 broad. 
 
 more rounded. 
 
 flattened. 
 
 longtT and more angular. 
 
 yellowish. 
 
 thin. 
 
 do. 
 
 narrower. 
 
141 
 
 " I am not dogmatic about them, bat would be dispoeed to recogniie two, 
 at leaat, one turgid and short in front, the other flatter and longer." " They 
 are very close to each other at beat, and all found in the Oalf " of St. 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Family Serobieulariida. 
 CcMiNuiA TELLiNoiDEs (Conrad). 
 
 Maetrti Uh.noidei, Conrad (1831). 
 Cumhujui teUinoidet^ Holmes (18AU) ; 
 
 Verrill (1876). 
 
 Prince Edwaui Island, only one specimen seen (Sir J. W. Dawson, 1871) ; 
 south shore of P.E.I. (F. Bain, 1875). 
 
 Family Tellinidee. 
 TRLLiy.i (Anouluh) tenbba. Say. 
 
 TelUna (en<ni, Say (1H22). 
 
 Tcllina (Angnlui) tenrra, H. and A. Adams (1858). 
 
 ^i>^i{m« tcntr, Verrill (1872). 
 
 Bay of Fundy (Verrill) ; St. Mary's Bay, N.8. (Verkruzen); fishing 
 banks ofl" Halifax, scarce (Willis). Shediac Bay, at or t- little below low- 
 water mark (Whiteavas) ; south coast of Prince Edward island (F. Bain) ; 
 and Oaspe Bay (Sir J . W. Dawson). 
 
 M.iCOMA BAlTHIf'A (L) 
 
 TfHtna BaUkica. L. (17.'>8) ; fide Dall. 
 
 Ffiiu»/ro;;i7i.<. O. Fabriciu9(1780)i non L. 
 
 Pmmmtbiii fiiixa. Say (1827) ; tide Dall. 
 
 Satyiuinolaria fu/i-a, Conrad (1831) ; and (Joidd (1841). 
 
 Triiiiut i,r,iitlifulirtt (Beck) Ly.U (lUSil). 
 
 Trilinafrmjiiif, Jlnll.T (1842) ; "■'" L- 
 
 TiUiiui (M'H-oMii) li lura, M^ircti (18.">r) ; iion Say ; fide Dall. 
 
 Miii-omn friiiiilis, 11. and .\. .\ilains (1858). 
 
 Maeoma fiitra, Packard (1807). 
 
 Common throu;»hout the entire region, usually at or a little below low- 
 water mark. It is abundant on thi^ shores of the Maritime Provinces, and 
 Dall says that it ranges "in cool water south to (Jeorgia." In the Gulf of 
 St. Lawrence it is widely distribute<l, and it has been found as far up the 
 river as Kaniouraska by Sir J. W. Dawaon. Packard records it as abundant 
 on the Labrador coast, and Fabricius and Mciller found it at Greenland. It 
 is a circumpolixr species, and specimens from British Columbia have usually 
 been catalogued a.s .}fncoma ineonnpictia (Bnxlerip and Sowerhy). On the 
 Pacific it has been collected in northern Japan, and as far south on the 
 
U2 
 
 north-wMt eout m Monterey, CalifornU. It is " •bundsnt about Bering 
 Se*." "The ori{(in»i TtUina Baltkiea was the thin form from the Baltic, 
 not thf aolid TtUina soliduta, Pulteney, which is better known to collectors.'' 
 "The former ia identical with our common American type " (Dall).* 
 
 With Saxieava rugoaa this species occuni in enormous numbers in the 
 Saxicava aand at many localities in the Ht. Lawrence and Ottawa valleys, 
 etc., and it has been found also in the Leda clay. In the St. Lawrence 
 valley it has recently been collected by Mr R. Chalmers as far to the west- 
 ward as Brockville, Ont. 
 
 Macoma calcabea (Omelin). 
 
 Telllna ealcarea, Gmelin (1792). 
 
 Tfllina lata, Gmelin (1792). 
 
 Ttllina talmlnta. Spengler (1794). 
 
 Uaeoma teiura. Leach (1819). 
 
 Tellina tordiUa, Couthouy (1838). 
 
 Tellina proxima, (Brown, M. S.) Sowerby (IS-TO) ; et »uot. 
 
 Sunguinolaria tordida, Gould (1841). 
 
 Macoma talniloM, Stinipsun (1860) ; and Packard (1867). 
 
 Macoma proxima, Goiild (1870). 
 
 From Long Island Sound northward to Nova Scotia, the Gulf and mouth 
 of the River St. Lawrence, Labrador, Hudson Bay and Strait, to Greenland 
 and the Arctic Ocean, in from 3 to 80 fathoms. It is found on both sides of 
 the Atlantic and has been taken on the coast of British Coluubia. Dall 
 (op. oit.) says that it occurs in the " Arctic Ocean generally, and on the Pacific 
 south Xo the Okhotsk and Japan seas on the west, and to the Aleutians and 
 Oregon on the east." Dr. Bell dredged several specimens of it at Ashe Inlet 
 and Port Burwell, Hudson Strait, in 15 fathoms, in 1884. Still more recently, 
 Mr. Low has dredged similar specimens on the south side of Hudson 
 Strait, between King George Sound and the bottom of Ungava Bay, in the 
 summer of 18S7, while accompanying the Diana exploring expedition; on 
 the east coast of Hudson Bay, neur the mouth of thn Povungnituk River, in 
 10 to 15 fathoms, in 1898 ; and in Richmond Gulf, on the east coast of 
 Hudson Bay, in 15 to 25 fathoms, in 1899. 
 
 In a fossil state Sir J. W. Dawson says that this species is extremely abun- 
 dant in the Leda and boulder clays of eastern North America, and that it has 
 been found in the Pleistocene deposits of Maine ; at Duck Cove, St. John, 
 N.B.; at New Richmond, Anti<-osti, Riviere des Outardes, Riviere du Loup, 
 Murray Bay, Quebec, Chaudiere Station, and Montreal, P.Q.; also at 
 Labrador, Greenland, and northern Europe. It has also been found fossil on 
 the east coast of Hudson Bay, two or three miles up Little Whale River, 
 by Dr. Bell, in 1877 ; at James' Bay, near Moose Factory, by A. 8. 
 Cochrane, in 1877 ; and at the Limestone Rapid of the Fawn Branch of 
 the Severn River, Keewatin, by A. P. Ijow in 1886. 
 
 * Froceedingi of the U. S. National Mmeum, Vol. xxiii. (1900) p. 299. 
 
us 
 
 Macoma inflata, Verrill and Bush. 
 
 ilfaeoina injlata (Htimpwrn M. S.) Daweon (18721. ^amr only. 
 
 Macoma ii\jlala, VerriW {lSi>2). Name only. 
 
 Macoma iiijtata, Verrill and Biuh (1H9H). Figured, but not deacrilied. 
 
 Murray Bay, P.Q. (Sir J. W. Dawson). The writer has dredged living 
 specimens of this shell off Urande Greve, Uasp^ Bay, in 1869 ; off Cap des 
 Hosiers, in 38 fathoms, and six miles off Cap des Hosiers, in 125 fathoms, 
 in 1871 ; and eleven miles from Perce, in 60 fathoms, in 1872. 
 
 M. xnjlala ho; also been found in the Pleistocene deposits of Riviere du 
 Loop and Montreal. 
 
 "This species was named by Stimpsun in manuscript, and the name 
 published by Dawson, but the first real definition of " itn " name is by 
 Verrill and Bush " * (Dall). 
 
 Family Solenidir. 
 Ensis dikrltus (Conrad). 
 
 Solen tniii, Conrad {IM2) ; nnn Linne. 
 * Solen Jirrctiu, Conrad (IH43) : t»te Dall 
 
 Solen Americttnut, Onuld (1S70). 
 Bnmtdla Americana, VeiTill (1H72). 
 Entii ilirectui, Call (1900). 
 
 Grand Manan (SLmpson) ; Bay of Fundy, low-water mark to 40 fathoms, 
 sand (Verrill) ; Hospital Island, Passuma(|uoddy Bay (Oanong) ; Atlantic 
 coast of Nova Scotia and Sable Island, common (Willis). Shediac Bay 
 (Whiteaves); near Charlottetown, P. K.I., Professor Mucoun ; Gaspi? Bay 
 and Little Metis (Sir J. W. Dawson) ; Bic, Uimouski, and numerous locali- 
 ties on the Gaspe coast (Bell) ; near (Caribou Island, P.Q. (Packard). 
 
 SiLKjuA cosT.AT.iv (Say). 
 
 St>len Cfiitalns, Shv (1K22). 
 
 3Iarhr,ra coftnta, (Jould (l!*41 and 1K70). 
 
 Siliqwi coilata, H. and A. Adams (18,")S). 
 
 Fishing banks off Halifax (Willis) ; beach at Amherst Harbour, Magdalen 
 Islands (Whiteaves) ; (iaspe Bay (dead t<liells on beach), and Little Metis 
 Bay (Sir J. W. Dawson) ; Rimouski (Bell). "Xot observed in the Bay of 
 Fundy "(Verrill). 
 
 Siliqua squama (Blainville). 
 
 Solfcurtiti stiuanifi, IJlainville. 
 
 Mitchnra nitida, liould (1«41). 
 
 Mdch'ira tqwima, Stinipson (W51) ; and Gould (1870). 
 
 Siliqua aquuma, if. and A. Adams (185H). 
 
 Fishing banks off Halifax, rare (Willis). 
 
 * Proceeding! of the V.H. National Museum, \ol. XXIII. (1900) p. 239. 
 
144 
 
 Family Sdanomyuhe. 
 SOLBKOMTA ▼ELDM, 8»y.* 
 
 Solemfa vtlum, S»)r (1822) ; Uuuld (1841 md 1870) ; et mmc 
 Fiabing buki off Halifax, very rare (Willis). 
 
 BOLBNOMTA B0RSALI8, TottCD. 
 
 Sotnijia hortati; To'ten (1834) : uid (ioulil (1841 and 1870). 
 
 Fishing banks off Halifax, very rare (Willis); Halifax Harbour, rare 
 (Verrill). 
 
 Faniilv I'andoridir. 
 Cmdiopiiora Gouldiana, Dall. 
 
 Pandora trilintitta, Gotild, et »uct., but not of Say. » 
 
 Clitlophora llmihliana, Dall (1886. Bull. Muii. Comp. Zool., vol. XII., p. 3!2). 
 
 Off Grand Manan Tsland, in 5 fathoms, mud (8timp«on) ; Bay of Fundy, 
 low-water mark to 30 fathouw (Verrill) ; St. Mary's Bay (Verkruzen); Sable 
 Island, rare (Willis) ; Halifax Harbour, rare, " I have only dredged single 
 valves " (J. M. Jones). Between Cape Breton and Prince Edward islands, 
 at many localities ; also Northumberland Strait, north of Pictou Island, N.S., 
 and westward to Shedinc Bay, N.B., from low-woter mark (blown ashore by 
 gales) to 20 or 30 fathoms; where specimens were dredged or collected by 
 the writer in 1873. 
 
 Kenwerlia fiLACiALis (Lepch). 
 
 Panilom glatialii (Leach) Sowerliy (18.*W). 
 Kinnerlia glnciuUt, CariK-nttT (18fi4). 
 
 Off Grande Grt''ve, Gaspe Bay, in 30 to .50 fathoms, where a few small 
 specimens were dredged by the writer in 1869 ; Little Metis and 
 Murray Bay (Sir J. W. Dawson). The specimens from the north shore 
 of the (iulf of St. Lawrence, near Caribou Island, in 15 fathoms sand, 
 that have been identified by Packard with Pandora trilineata, are probably 
 referable to this species, and Miss Bush says that three specimens of it, sent 
 by Dr. Packard to the Pealxxly Museum of Yale College, were labelled 
 Pandora tri/inmta, Say. K glacialis has been found fossil in the Leda clay 
 of Saco, Maine, and St .lohn, N.B 
 
 * Geniric name amvnded by I)r. Paul Fischer in 1887. 
 
14ft 
 
 LroniA AKBRODA (Moller). 
 
 Pnndorina arrnota, Moller (1M2). 
 
 Lnontia {Paiuiorina) artiuiia, Morch (1867). 
 
 A UronnUnd shell that Verkruzen collected in Annapolis Bmid ; that 
 Willis says is rare on the fishing banlcH off Halifax ; and that J. Matthew Jones 
 records aa occurring in Halifax Hiirliour. Specimens of it have been dredged in 
 Oasp.5 Bay iti 30 to 60 fathoms by the writer ; at Little MetiH, Riviire da 
 Loup and Murray Bay, by Sir J. W. Dnwson ; at .Ste. Anne, by Bell (who 
 idoutified hix specimens with Oiteodeima liyalinum): and near Caribou 
 Island, in 15 faihoms sand, l.y Packard. 
 
 The outer surface of the valves of young and living specimens is covered 
 with a layer of fine sand, but the woo<lcut on page 66 of the second edition 
 of (Jould's Invertebrata of MassachusettH doe* not give a very good idea of 
 this shell, some specimens of which are fully an inch in length. 
 
 According to Sir J. W. Dawson, L. arenom has been found fossil in the 
 Leda clay of Saco, Maine ; of Ducic Cove, N.B.; of Riviere du Loup and 
 Montreal, P.Q. ; and in post -tertiary deposits in Greenland. 
 
 LvoxsiA HTAMNA, Conrad. 
 
 -V.wr himlina, Conrad (1831). 
 
 Ljiimih hinlinii. Con™! (1831) ; ami (ioultl (1870). 
 
 Oittmlenia hiinlina, Ci)Utli(iiiy (l*«t!)). 
 
 Grand Manan, 10 fathoms sand, off Cheney's Hesid (Stimpson) ; Bay of 
 Fundy, low-water m.irk to 30 fathoms (Verrill). 
 
 Family Analinidir. 
 Periploma KRAGitis (Tottcn). 
 
 Analinn fnujilii, Totteii (IRVi). 
 
 Analimi pap;/r,irrn, ( Jould (1841 and 1870) ; non .Say. tsste DmII. 
 
 Periploma /xipurtiern, Verrill (1872). 
 
 I'triplimui fragilii (Conrad) l)»ll 
 
 Sable Island (Willis) ; " not uncommon in Massachusetts Bay, Casco 
 Bay and Bay of Fundy, 10 to 100 fathoms" (Verrill). Gaspe Bay, in 40 
 fathums mud,— and off Egg Island (on the north shore of the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, between Trinity and Seven Island bays) in 70-80 fathoms sandy 
 mud" (Whiteaves) ; off Anticosti Island (Verrill); and Chateau Bay^ 
 Labrador, in 15 fathoms, sandr bottom (Packard). 
 10 
 
IV 
 
 IM 
 
 OooHLOonHA Lbakch (Connd). 
 
 Antimaltana, Conmd (18S1). 
 
 Coeklodama XeanuM, Coutbouy (183B) ; at kuet. 
 
 Fithing banks off Hklifu, soAroe (Willi*) ; off Doaglaatown, Quafi B%j, 
 OB* dead bat^Kah valve collected by the writer in 1869. 
 
 TuRACiA CoNRADi, Couthouy. 
 
 Thraeia dcelivit, OnnrMl (18.111 ; nun Pennant, 
 nnirtii Conradi, Cniithouy (183l>) ; pt anct. 
 
 Grand Manan (Stimpicn); Bliu Harbour, N.B. (danong). Off Pictou 
 Island, N.y., in 12 fathoms (alive) ; Pointe du Ch^nv. Shediac Bay (dead 
 and empty but large and perfect shells, thrown up un or near the beach by 
 a storm) ; and off Orande Urive, Oasp^ Bay, (Whiteaves). One small speci- 
 men was dredged off Caribou Island (Packard). 
 
 This specie;), Verrill says, " burrows so deeply in the mud or sand, that it 
 is seldom taken alive in the dredge." 
 
 Thbacia MTOPau (Beok) Mbller. 
 
 Thracia mi/optit, (Beck) Moller (IMS) ; «t suut. 
 Tkmeitt Couthoiijii, Stinipiion(1851). 
 
 Grand Manan Stimpson) ; Halifax Harbour (Smith and Harger) ; off 
 Grand Orive, Oaap<^ Bay, in 50 fathoms mud (Whiteaven) ; Salmon Bay (on 
 the north shore of the Gulf, just inside of the Strait ot Belle Isle) in 10 
 fathoms mud ("a tine large specimen"), and Long Island (Sandwich Bay, 
 Labrador) in 1-5 fathoms sand (Packard) ; Greenland (Moller). 
 
 The late Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys was of the opinion that this shell is the 
 Am/thidtitma Iruneatum, Brown (Illustr. Conch. Gt. Britain, 1827) and that 
 it should be called Thracia Iruneala (Brown). G. O. San, in his Mollusca 
 Regionis Arcticte Norvegicie, published in lf^T8, adopts this view, niid 
 regards T. myo/nia as a synonym of T. truncata. 
 
 Thracia truncata, Mighels and Adams. 
 
 Thraeiii trunmUi, Migheli and AdaniH (1IM3) ; and Ruuld (IX'O). 
 
 Grand Manan, "in 10 fathoms coarse sand off Cheney's Head" (Stimp- 
 son); Bay of Fundy (Verrill); fishing banks off Halifax, scarce (Willis) ; 
 Greenland, in 60 fathoms (Morch). 
 
 Dr. Jeffreys has suggested that as the specific name given to this shell by 
 Mighels and Adams is preoccupied, it should be changed to T. teptenlrionalit. 
 
 i^-^ 
 
UT 
 Fkinily CutpitlaridiM. 
 
 CD8PIDARIA CILACULM, O. O. 8«n. 
 
 Jfttm tlaeialU. U. O. S«n {Wl»)\ et Allot. 
 ihtMindann gUuMii, Dall (IMgS). 
 (Supularia arelita, T»r. gUteiali; Dall (I8H9). 
 
 A few living •pecimens of a shell which JeSraya, Verrill, Mid the writer 
 formerly identified with Xtirra aretiea, M. Skra, but which Verrill now calls 
 Cu$pidaria ylaeialit, were dredged by the writer in 1871, 1872 and 1873, 
 frooi the deep sea mud (170-313 fathonH) in the Uulf of St. Lawrence, at 
 Mveral localities to the north, und more especially to the south and south- 
 east of the Island of Anticosti. Verrill ha* dredged similar specimens in 
 the Bay of Fundy, and says that the npecies is " common on muddy bottoms, 
 in SO to 192 fathoms, ofiE the coasts of New England and Nova Scotia." 
 
 Jeffreys has expressed the opinion that Neatra (or, as it is now called, 
 Cutpidaria) glacialit, is only a variety of Ntatra obesa, Loven ; but Dall 
 regards the former as a variety of A', arctira. 
 
 CuBPiDARiA ARCTICA (M. Sars). 
 
 JTtara aretiea, M. Saia (1872) ; Mid G. O. San (1878). 
 Cuipidaria aniifa, Dall (1880). 
 
 " A single imperfect valve from station 70, south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, 
 in 190 fathoms, is referred to this speciex. Though worn and slightly 
 broken, it agrees closely with Sars' figure, but it cannot be fully grown, for 
 it meatures but 14 mm. in length, and 11 mm. in height " (Verrill).* 
 
 CuspiDARiA PBLLi;oiDA (Stimpson). 
 
 Ifeara ptlluelda, Stimpaon (18,'i3'i. 
 Cutpidaria pellueiJa, Verrill (1898). 
 
 Grand Manan, " off Long Island, in 40 fathoms, on a muddy bottom " 
 (Stimpson) ; the specimen from which the original description was made. 
 Professor Verrill states that similar specimens have since been obtained at 
 nearly the same locality by the U. S. Fish Commission. In 1871 the writer 
 dredged a few shells, which were then identified with Vetera ob«i<a, Loven, 
 in the deep sea mud (100-313 fathoms) of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, north 
 of the Bale des Chaleurs. " After a careful study and comparison of the 
 numerous species belonging to the family Cuspidarid»," Professor Verrill 
 and Miss Bush say that they " have been able to satisfactorily prove that 
 
 ' Proceeding!) of the U.S. National MuMuin, vol. xx., p. 803. 
 10^ 
 
the foim deioribed by Stimptmn m A'tara fnUueuia b qoito diitinct from 
 that described by Loven m N. obeta, with which it ha* been so long 
 Confounded."* 
 
 Family Mjfidtn. 
 Mta ahharu, L 
 
 Common aliiio<it everywhere in the Maritiine Provinoe* nnd Uulf of St. 
 Lawrence, the known geographical ranKc of the ipt^ciea on the weatern lide 
 of the Atlantic being from Houth Carolina to the Arctiu Ocenn. Adult 
 ihells are oaually found living at or near low-watr* mark, but young 
 ■peciwens, as ProfeMor Verrill observes, arc occasionally drbd^ed in as deep 
 water as 40 fathoms. Sir J. W. Dawson says that he has a specimen flvo 
 inches lung from Uasp^. 
 
 The shell, which is circumpolar, occurs fossil in the Ued Crag and later 
 formations of Ureat Britain ; in the Miocene of Virginia ; in the Leda clay 
 and lower part of the Saxicava sand, of Maine, New iirunswick, (.Quebec and 
 eastern Ontario ; and in the Pleihtocene of Greenland and Europe. 
 
 Mya truncata, !■. 
 
 Widely distributed on both sides of the north Atlantic and known to 
 range from Cape Cod to the Arctic Ocean, but not nearly so common as if. 
 arenaria in the Gulf of 8t. Lawrence, and usually found in decpnr water. On 
 the Le Have Bank, near Cape Sablo, N.H,, s|)ecimens uf it were dredgeil in 
 40 fathoms, by the U. S. Fish Commission in 1872 (Smith and Harger). The 
 comparatively long and typical form of M. truneata se»ms to be the more 
 common of the two in the lower St. Lawrence and southward, and the short 
 and abruptly truncated form, the var. Udde.valltruiii, northward Packard 
 dredged specimens of the latter near Caribou Island in 180' md in 30 
 fathoms, abundantly, offSquare Island, Labrador, in 18G4. All ,p«^imens 
 of M. truticala coUnoted by Bell at Ashe Inlet and Port Bi-' jil in 1884 
 are referable to the var. UddevallensU. In ( : reenland both A artnaria and 
 M. truncata are said to be common at low-water and are eaten (as is also 
 MytUui '.dtdU) by the walrus, Arctic fox, Esquimaux dog, raven, and eider. 
 The species has been recorded by Sir J. W. Dawson aa having lieen col- 
 ected in tli>* Saxicava sand and Leda clay, at Portland, Maine ; New Bruns- 
 wick ; New Richmond, Antiuosti, Uiviere du I»iip, Riviere des Outardes, 
 Quebec, and Montreal, P.Q. - and Labra'lor ; also in the Pleistocene deposits 
 of Greenland and northern Europe. In eastern Canada it is much more 
 abundant as h cost-tertiary fossil than as a recent shell. 
 
 * Pruceedii.. f the U. S. National Muwum, vol. ix., |i. 804. 
 
 ■Hi 
 
/ 14» 
 
 « Hazicava RDooaA (L). 
 
 Mm antin, L (1787). H).l. N»l., «t. »ii., v.>L I., pfc 2, p. in& 
 
 thlen minitlui. h. (17)17). (>|i. cit., |i. 1115. 
 
 MnlHiu nifiMiu; L. (17ti7). <»|«. cit., p. IIM. 
 
 Ulitilut pkiAiidii, U ( 1771 1. 
 
 Una aretita, (). Kabriciui ( 17H0). 
 
 Una h^uiftni, (). Kaliriciiu (l7tM>). 
 
 Saxiritva rugnm, I^Kiuank (IMIM) ) ft aiict. 
 
 t Sajtiearii ditlitria. Say ilMK). 
 
 Both Verr.ll and Doll include S. rugota nautng the •ynonym« of S. aretica, 
 mad it now tieemi to be generally conceded thir. there is but onti Npeoit-i of 
 Sojeieava in the north Atlantic and Pnciflc. The nsinn iVya aretv-a k^mH 
 to have been ipven by Linnii>u.'< to young or half-grown ahelU, or upeoimeni 
 of a Hiniill variety, with wxll definod IuiiuIh and posterior area, the latter 
 nitually marked with two Hpinuiie longitudinitl ridK<**t ineitch valvf ; and that 
 of .Vj/tiiut ruyoiitt to large, adult individual!) of tlip name specie*, with the 
 lunule and posterior area obialete. \» the Itev. (>. W. Taylor hait Maid : — 
 "aretien ii the e.irlie<t opeoilic name for thix hIipII, but it was appliMl by 
 Linrt^ to a varinty, while the name r>tgo»n» wna :;ivuii to the typical rock- 
 boring form, /'hd/aitin, n utill later name, was given to unother v/irifty " . . . 
 
 "that han the «hell giiping widely in front and to which Jvflroyit 
 
 (Brit. Conch., vol. iii., p. 82) rentricts the name /ihn/ai/iii."* 
 
 S. rngota (including S. aivtl-a) is equally common in the north Atlantic 
 «nd north Pacilic. On the weiitern side of the Atl'inti' '%, u known to range 
 from I»ng Island Sound (and pt^rhapt from Onorgia and South Carolina) to 
 Greenland and the Arctic ( >cean ; and, in depth, from low water mark to 90 
 fathoms or more. Shells of iliis aporieM, as stated by Dall, are found 
 "burrowing, or nostliug in ij.avel or briken .'•hells, or perforating rocks, 
 corallines, or deiid shells, like pholad<i," and often with them. When not 
 boring they are attached by a hysKUs, and in Casco Bay, in 10 to \f> fathoms, 
 Verrill says that he has found specimens " perforating recent ami sound 
 shells of Cypriiia I»landica." 
 
 The species is widely distributed throughout the whole of the rejjiou now 
 under consideration, excopt periiaps in the very deepest parts of tiie Uulf of 
 St. Lawrence, wher* the bott'jin d-xis not seem to suit it, and northward to 
 the Atlantic coast of Labrador, Hudson Strait anil Bay. In Hudson Strait, 
 living specimens h.»ve been dredged at Ashe Inlet by Bell in 1884 ; and 
 between King Georgo Sound and the bottom of Ungava Bay l)y Low in 
 1897. On the west coa-st of Hudson Bay similar specimens have lieen 
 dredged twenty miles o.T Fort Churchill, in 30 fathoms, I ly ( Viiiiiniinder 
 Wakeham in 1897 : and on the east coast of Hudson Bay, by Mr. Ixjw, ni'ar 
 the mouth of Povungnitnk Uiver in 18!)« ; and in Kichmond Oulf, in 1899. 
 
 * Tranuctiona of tli» R'\v»i .Stiuifty of I'aiuxla for 1HB5, Hrcond Svrin, vol i., iwct. IV. 
 
IBO 
 
 Aa • foMil, S. ntfo-a i« tiOMilingiy kbttodant in the PMiIoomm dapotit* 
 tt MaiiMs S»m Bruo wlrk, mkI Um vallejpi at the Ht. LawreoM aad OtUwa 
 rivan. It Iw* *4*o ' t fonnd in ilnilar d«po«iu at • few localiiiM in 
 Ungnra, northaraOn' > io, tCaawatin, and on Vanooovar Infamd. At Ungava, 
 it haa baen collaotail 17 i tell 00 the aait ooait of Hudion Bay, two or 
 
 tbrea milaa «tp Little 
 MUl Point, near M 
 baan oollaoted t fh. 
 River, by Mr. In » , ■ 
 of Cheaterfleld In i 
 S. rugota, mlmt, , ■ 
 of Europe, and, ac< 
 abundant in the thi 
 ■ than in the Oulf J 
 
 Whiil. 
 
 ' 111 , t n 
 
 Jill,' 'I 
 L.. 
 
 River, iu 1877 ; and in northern Uiitario, at 
 
 ■ y, Jamaa Bay, in 1875. In Keewatin it haa 
 
 t Rapid* of tike Pawn Branch of the Sev'n 
 
 «r d at Uluttonj Bay, Baker Litica, at the bead 
 
 T Hanbury in 1900. 
 • .ir in the Miocene, Pliowne and Plfi»too«ne 
 Si J. W, D'.wion, it is "reUtively much mora 
 1 " of thi pruvinoes of Quebec nud Ontario^ 
 
 OvRTv IV .1 iiLiqUA, T>audin. 
 
 liliicimtr' »iA7ii/i, L»iii»rik M-IH): MiiH!nul<l(187f)). 
 
 Fishing banks otV Halifax, comiDon ( Willis) ; Halifax Harbour and "-^>'e 
 Island beach, deu<i (tpecinxin^ (J. M. Jonos) ; Uradelle Bank, — and in 
 stomach of cud cau);ht on the Miscou Bank (near the mouth of the Uaie des 
 Chaleun) one fresh and perfect .ipecioifn with the animal (Whituaves) ; 
 Uasp^ Bay, in stfmwtlmof co<l (Sir J. VV. Dawson) ; Rimouski and Marsouin 
 (Bell) ; and near Caribou Island, in from 15 to 60 fathoms, mostly on hard 
 bottom^ (Packard). 
 
 Pawop.ba (Panomta) Kobveoica, Spengier. 
 
 Miia ITonnjini, Siwnifltr (17d3). 
 
 (ilgeimerii arclim, t^unsrck (IHlil) ; and (Itmld (IKJI). 
 
 Panomtm iwrveffim, \ia,\\ |)H!MI. 
 
 Urand Manan, " taken (dead) in forty fathoms on the Hake ('round " 
 (Stimpson) : "dredged by me in Bedford Basin, Halifax, but all <lead speci- 
 mens " (Willis) ; Bradelle Bank, — and Uasp^ Bay, in 50 fathoms mud, six 
 dead but fresh specimens (Whiteaves) ; Little MtStis (8ir .1. W. Dawson). 
 Living specimens of this mollusc are very rarely brought up in the dredge 
 owing to the lonj siphons of the animal and consequent depth of its burrow. 
 
 In the Pleistocene of Canada it is said to be " very rare, a few valves onlr 
 having been found at. Riviere du Loup.'' 
 
 li. 
 
 *■■— 
 
 ■K 
 
lai 
 
 PMDilf Pk»ladidm. 
 
 .VjM eritpatn, U I ITIWl. 
 
 HkuliU eritpultt, L. (I7n7>. 
 
 #i<-/)r'i '-rii^ta, Orny (IKMl. 
 
 Mirplu*! iritfHtla (••nyi Lnwh llMttl; ami i>( milHniurnt authon. 
 
 Wi(li>ly distributed throw((bout the north AtUntio, but r«r« in Um HuU 
 o( St. L»wrence und ""m of tno Maritime Provincfs. 80 tmr mi known, ita 
 bstKymRtric»l ritoge, ou tha North A ttierioMt ■idc uf th* Atlaotio, ia (ro« 
 loir-wattr m»rk to 70 (•thoin*. Htinip'-<on ••yt U>»» it «i yr» very r«r«l» at 
 OnmJ M»n«n, and Verrill that he hB« drwi|{«d it in tHs B»} '»* Fun.i>, in 
 8 to TO fathom*, hanl clay. Willi, iibaUM that he ha* r- -. ed Urge 
 •petimeiis from 8*We Inland, the writer lia* dr«da«d it i'.<i Orphan 
 Bank ; and Ball record* it as occurring at Bic, Rinmuiki, and near theTrpnt. 
 
 Dall i-iiy* tl>*t "the Xirftnttrom tiie nortk west coMt uf AnM'r»<?», referred 
 by Carpenter to %. i-rUfitila, i» a dialinct tlioagti allied apeoiei, called Z. 
 6W1A1 by Tryon, and f'^und fouil 10 the Pleivtocena of (,'aUfornia, at well a* 
 living, tlien> and northward." • 
 
 Xvlaphaoa DOBRALia, Turton. 
 
 In waterlojijed wood, (Jtmp^ Bay, dretlged iiy Hir J. W. ttawson in 1869, 
 and identified with this specien by the writer in 1872, 
 
 Family Ttrrdinidf. 
 
 TiRBOO KAVAI.IH, L. 
 
 Marine slip limbers at Pictou, !<'.«.; St. John, N.B., in part of a ship* 
 hull (Whiteaves). 
 
 Tbhp.uo ulLATATA, Stimpson. 
 
 " Very large specimens have Vx-en rr<-eived from Sable loland take>i from 
 wreck timber" (Willig). The specieb is said to be i»-ry r'.owly allied to T 
 m'ifotara, Hanley. 
 
 • TranmictiDii" "f 'hf Waifii""'' Krw Institnt? cjf Sci»nw jf Philad*"!!!)!!*, vol. ill., p. K18, 
 
-^> ■— mm»».m 
 
 \\h 
 
 \ ! 
 
 ■ ' If 
 
 152 
 
 80APH0P0DA. 
 Family BmtaliideB. ) 
 
 DlMTALIDH >HTALU, L. 
 
 DenUUium eiUali$ (L.) Higheli (1843). 
 JTndi/u ttriolala, Stimiaon (1861). 
 Denialittm enlalu (L.) Pil»bry (1897). 
 
 Grand Manan, " very common on muddy bottoms in the coralline zone " 
 (Stimptton). Paauunaquoddy Bay and abundant almost everywhere on 
 muddy bottoms on the southern coast of New Brunswick (Ganong); 
 Arnapolis Basin, two examples ( Verkruzen). Le Have Bank, Nova Scotia, 
 46 fiithoms gravelly and stony bottom, — and 60 fathoms, coarse gravel, 
 stones and sponges, abundant,— U. S. Fish Commission, 1872 (Smith and 
 Harger). 
 
 " D. entalu is an abundant species on the coast of Maine ; and William 
 Stimpson, comparing with the European D. xndgare and finding differences, 
 distinguished the American shells as D. striolatum, under which name the 
 specie* is generally known in American collections. Had he compared with 
 D. entalis, the identity of the two would no doubt have been recognized. 
 There is no difference, not even varietal, between English and Maine 
 specimens. D. striolatum, or Sntalit striokUa of Jeffreys, Sars and Watson, 
 is 2). ocddenUUe, Stimpson " (Pilsbry).* 
 
 Dhitaucn aoilb, M. Sars. 
 Between Halifax and Le Have Bank, U. S. Fish Commission (Pilsbry). 
 
 Dbntaliuh occiDKSTALB, Stimpson. 
 
 Dentalium eUnbUii, (}ould (1841). 
 Dmtalium Meidmtale, Stimpson (18S1). 
 Dentalium abyttorum, M Saw (1858, 
 Ijentalium dtntalt, (loiild (1870). 
 
 Living spenmens of this shell were dredged by the writer in 1871, 1872 
 •nd 1873 in the deep-sea mud (l.?0-31.3 fathoms) at several localities in the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, to the north and more especially to the south and 
 •outh-east of the Island of Antioosti. Writing in 1881, Prof. Verrill says 
 that it is "abundant on muddy bottoms, in 50 to 300 fathoms, all along the 
 coast of New England and Nova Scotia." 
 
 • Manuftl ot Corchology, vol. xvii., pp. 43-44. 
 
16S 
 
 Family SiphonodenlcUiida). 
 
 SiPHONODBNTALIUM LOBATUM (Sowerby). 
 
 Dtnuaiun mtrtum, M. S«r. (1861 > ; n..t D. vitreum, Gmelin. 
 atpkonodmliUiiim rilrrnm, M. San (llCiit). 
 />oK<i/iti«i /o6o<«»i, n. B. Sowerby, jun. (18»K)). 
 
 Dred^ by the writer in 1871-73, in deep water at many localitie. in the 
 Onlf of St. Uwrence north of the Bale des Chaleurs, asHOciated with the 
 prweding specie.. Sir. J. W. Daw8,>n has found fossil specimens of it in the 
 Leda clay of Murray Bay. 
 
 SiPHONODBNTALIUM AFFINE, M. Sars. 
 
 "A specimen smaller and more .slender than the preceding species and 
 which I refer to A', ajine, was dredged by " our party in the SS. Speedwell of 
 the U. S. Fish Commission " in 1877, in Bedford Basin, near Halifax, Nova 
 Scotia, in 36 fathoms, soft mud " (Verrill ; Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. lii. 
 p. 395). ' '' 
 
 GASTEROPODA. 
 
 AH ACOPHOBA. 
 
 Family Cha-todermatidte. 
 
 Ch.£todkbma siTiDiLUM, Loven. 
 
 Passamaquoddy Bay, 30 fathoms (1872) ; and common in lO-lOO fathoms, 
 muddy bottom, off southern New England and Nova Scotia (Verrill). 
 
 POLVPLACOPHOHA. 
 
 Family Lepidopleiiridir. 
 Lbpidopleurcs cancellatus (Sowerby). 
 
 Chiton cnncdlatM. Sowerhy (lM!tl ; pt aiict. 
 
 LeiUorhiton mncelUitui, H. Hnd A. Adams (IMl) ; rad Dall (1878| 
 
 LepiJopleHnit Mtirdlattn, G. (J. Sam (18781. 
 
 Off Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 95 fathoms, U.S. Fish Comrais.sion 1877- 
 an immature specimen identified by Dall as probably of this species. 
 
MMB 
 
 '( ! 
 
 1B4 
 Lbpidopucbus alvbolu.s M. San. 
 
 Ckilon alvalut (M. Stm, M.S.) Loven (1M6). 
 LtpidopUunu alvnlu$. O. O. San (1878). 
 Leploehiton alvtolut, Dkll (1878). 
 
 " Gnlf of St. Lawrence, in 220 fathom*, between Oap des Rorien and the 
 S.W. point of Antiooeti Itland, Whiteavee " (Da)l). One specimen. 
 
 Hamlitia mbvdicakia (Mighels and Ad^ms). 
 
 Ckitim mendimritu, Migheb knd Aduni (1842). 
 MatUet/ui ntcndimria, DM (1878) 
 
 Orand Manan, " 35 fathoms in the Hake Bay, a few fine specimens of this 
 rare species " (Stimpson). Le Have Bank, Nova Scotia, 60 fathoms, coarse 
 gravel, sand and sponges, U. S. Fish Commission, 1872 (Smith and Harger). 
 
 Family I$chnoehitonidir. 
 ToxicsLLA mabmobka (Fabricius). 
 
 Chiton murnunrwi, O. Fabriciim (1780). 
 
 CkitoH fulmiuatiu, Couthnuy (1838). 
 
 TonictUa marmnren, Carpenter (1873); »nil Dall (1878). 
 
 Common in the Bay of Fandy, on the coast of Nova Scotia, and in the 
 Onlf of St. Lawrence northward to Greenland, living on stones, shells, 
 nullipores, Jsc, from low-water to fifty fathom;. In June, 1899, Mr. Low 
 collected a small specimen of this species in Richmond Oulf, Hudson Bay. 
 
 I ! 
 
 Tbachvdermok albub (L.). 
 
 Chiton nlbu$, L. (1766) ; O. Fabriciu. (1780) j et auct. 
 Trachiidrrmm allms. Carpenter (1873) ; and Dall (1878). 
 iKhnochilon (Traehftlfrmon) albiu, Pilsbry (1892). 
 
 The geographical and batbymetrical distribution of this species is 
 essentially similar to that of the preceding. 
 
 Trachvdbrhon rvbbr (L.). 
 
 Chiton ruber, L. (1766) ; et auct. 
 Chiton cinirfu; O. Fabricius (1780) ; non L., nee auc . 
 Traehydermon rubrr, Carpenter (1873). 
 Itehnoehiton ruhtr, Pilsbry (1892). 
 
 Grand Manan, "excessively abundant just below low-water mark, on 
 rocky bottoms, especially on the vnrious species of XMxpora " (Stimpson). 
 " Very common in Casco Bay and Bay of Fundy from low-water mark to 40 
 
 t h 
 i! -!1 
 
I5S 
 
 fathomi " (Varrill). FUidleton's Island, loath-eatt tide of PaMunaquoddy 
 Bay, N.B. (Ganong). Halifax Harbour (J. M. Jones). Not yet reported 
 u occurring in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, though if Moller, Dall and other 
 writers are correct in assuming that the Chiton einaraui of O. Fabricius is 
 this speoies, it has been found also in Greenland. 
 
 Family Aeanthoehitidai. 
 Amicdla vutita (Broderip and Sowerby). 
 
 Chiton Vfititu$, Broderip »nd Sowerby (1829) ; et iiuct. 
 Vhilon Smenouii, Coathouy [IS:»), 
 Amieula rtitilu, Uray (1K47) ; et «act. 
 Aoiicula Enurtonii, (>rmy (1IM7) ; et auct. 
 StimjmmitUa Emcnonii, Carpenter (1873). 
 
 Widely distributed hut apparently very local. Willis nays that it is com- 
 mon at Bedford Basin, Halifax ; and the writer found it to be both large 
 and abundant on the Orphan Bank. Sir J. W. Dawson has dredged it in 
 Gasp^ Bay, at Little M^tis, Riviere du Loup and Murray Bay ; and Mr. 
 Low found one small specimen of it on the beach at Woody Point, between 
 Sandwich Bay and Hamilton Inlet, on the Atlantic coast of Labrador. 
 
 PROBOBRAHCHIATA. 
 
 DoTootoasA. 
 
 Family Ltpetidir. 
 
 Lbpbta c«ca (O. F. Miiller). 
 
 Patrlla area, O. F. MUUer (176B). 
 PattUa Candida, Coutliouy (1838). 
 PaUUa eerea, Moller (1842). 
 Lepela coca. Gray (1847) ; et auct. 
 
 " Not unfrequent at Grand Manan, in the coralline zone " (Stimpson) ; 
 fishing banks off Halifax, Will'. Marsouin, ^Bell) ; Gasp^ Bay, from 
 stomach of cod (Sir J W. Dawsr f ; Gaspd Bay, off Grand Greve, in 20 to 
 50 fathoms (Whiteaves) ; Greenland (Moller). 
 
 Shells of this littla limpet have been found fossil in the Pleistocene of 
 Riviere du Loup, Quebec, Montreal, Labrador and Europe. 
 
 AcM.«A TRSTrmiHALis (Miiller). 
 
 Pataia tettudinalit, Miiller (1776). 
 Lottia Uttudinalit, (iuuld (1841). 
 Antimi UHudinaUt, Forben and Hanley. 
 Tertum tettudinnUt, Gould (1870). 
 
 Frequent; almo.it everywhere at or near low water mark, on stones, 4c. 
 
 Packard has dredged young shells in 15 fathoms off Caribou Island. On the 
 
BMM 
 
 w 
 
 u 
 
 n 
 
 l! 
 
 156 
 
 north Americui coast the spooies baa long been known to range from Long 
 Island Honnd to Qreenland. It is common in Norway and Scotland, and on 
 the aoast of BritUh Oolambia paaMS imperceptibly into A. patina, 
 Ev-thitcholez. 
 
 Specimens of the var. <dv«ui (a narrow Tariety, formed, as Dall says, by 
 the " residence of the individual oa a narrow frond of sea weed or Zo»Ura ") 
 i ive been found by the writer at low-water in Shediac Bay. 
 
 AoMiCA RUBBLLA (Fabricius). 
 
 PaltBa rvbella, O. Fabricim (1780). 
 Piliitium ruMlum, Packard (1886). 
 Tfotura rubella. O. O. S»r« (1878). 
 Acimra rubtUa, D«ll (1K78). 
 
 Fishing banks off Halifax, very rare (Willis). Atlantic coast of Labrador, 
 off Square Island, in 35 fathoms on a hard bottom, also near Strawberry 
 Harbour, on the south side of Thomas Bay, in 20 fathoms (Packard) ; and 
 Temple Bay, one living specimen, on a rockj bottom, Steams expedition 
 (Miss Bush). Qreeuland, (Fabricius, and Mbller). 
 
 Rhipidooloma. 
 Family Fisrunllidae. 
 
 PUNCTDRBILA NOACHINA (L). 
 
 PttUUa Ifoachina, L. (1771) ; and O. Fahriciiu. 
 PuncturtlUi Ifonckvna, Jjowe (1827). 
 Dindura yonehina, Stiin|M<>n (1851). 
 Cemoria IToaekijia, Gould (1841 and 1870). 
 
 Grand Manan. " During a low spring tide in August " (1852) " I obtained 
 a large number of this species from the under surface of large stones, near 
 low-water mark. It has been hitherto found, both here and in Europe, 
 only in deep water " (Stimpson). Willis records it as having been obtained 
 from the fishing banks off Nova Scotia, and as having been dredged in 
 Halifax Harbour in 10 fathoms. It has been dredged at many localities in 
 the Gulf and mouth of the River St. I,awreace, at moderate depthn, by Sir 
 J. W. Dawson, Bell, and the writer; also at the Strait of Belle Isile, in 
 10 to 50 fathoms, by Packard. On the Atlantic coa.st of Labrador it 
 has been taken off Square Island, in 30 fathoms, by Packard ; and Miss 
 Bush records it as having been collected at Henley Harbour, and Dead 
 Island, near Square Ia'»nd. oy -ha Steams expedition. It it be the same as 
 the P. ouciUlata, Gould, as i r.-Ti-'d by Pilsbry, it is found also on the coast 
 of British Columbia. 
 
 Sir J. W. Dawson says that P. NoachixM has been found fossil at Riviere 
 du Loup, Quebec ; and on the Clyde, Scotland. 
 
 imm 
 
Fsniiljr Sei$»urdl%dee. 
 SoHsuBELLA CKWPATA, Fleming. 
 
 ata)by8.rj W.Dawson m sand examined for foraminifera. The 5r«. 
 Tgolth* """k rr *".'"*'"*^' ^""^ ^'"' ^"«''"''^ »° "«*"'»"d in fr.,„, 4- 
 
 Family Trichidce. 
 
 MOLLBRU COSTULATA (Moller). 
 
 tlnrgnrila eottttlnta, Miiller (IS421. 
 Adrorhh mtluliUn, .Stiinpjon (IR5]). 
 tfolteriii loituluUi, Jeffreys (lmr>). 
 
 »^ZL ^"T^f Nantucket Island. 4 fathon,«, coar.e sand, dead 
 .pecmen^and m deep water off Cape Ann (.Stimp«,n). (Ja.p^ Bay (Whi- 
 
 S/p^r ^"^"^ '^^'"'^'" ^•^- "'^"""-- ■^-■^■'- ^-^^ 
 " FoMil-Montreal ; Clyde beds ; Uddevalia " (Sir J. W. Dawson.) 
 
 -Mahgabita helici.va (Fabrioius). 
 
 THrhoMiriiiut, O. Fahricius (1780). 
 JfoiT/nr*. arrtica, Uach (181!)) ; and ttoiild (1841) 
 Margariu, kclmna, MulJer (1842) ; et auct. 
 Margnrita mmpanulttta, .Morw (1«W). 
 
 abSr?owwr°' 'TT"" "^ '*•' '""'"" P''"*- *''-*' cover the rocks 
 stTil-WStT r ; ' r P-'^^-'-'y "'--dant on the I.„g Island 
 
 krul/ E : hT"' '^■"' ""'•• ""'^^^■''^'y abundant "(Ver- 
 kruzen). Hal.tax Harbour, common" (Willis). , ^r ar.d Gulf of St 
 
 nidi I .fu . ""• ^"' '^'^'•""' '*"' *"'" -""l °tl'"s. In 
 
 offNoUi!r T ". TT""'*-' "^A^'^-Tnl^tbyJ.W.Tyrrellin 18.r.: 
 McK ^^Mt .Hred^ed clin«inK to kelp and of l^r.e size) by .1. 
 
 Ingava Bay by A. P. Lo*. i„ the SS. [>ian». i„ 1897 
 "Fossil-Murray Ba;, ; Montreal " (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
1 
 
 IM 
 
 Maboakita umbilicalib, Broderip and Sowerby. 
 
 A few fine living tpeoimeM of thia arotio shell haTe been dredged at Ashe 
 Inlet and Port Burwell, by Dr. R. BeU in 1884 and J. W. Tyrrell in 1885; also 
 offNottingham Island, Hudson Strait, by J. MoKenne in 1886. The specimens 
 from Port Burwell referred to on page 60do of the Report of Progress of 
 this Survey for 1882-83-84, as very large individuals of U. kelieina, have 
 since been identified with this species by the writer. 
 
 Dall says that two specimens of M. umbUiealU were taken from the 
 stomach of a codfish, caught in Nachvak Bay or Inlet (Ungava) by L. M. 
 Tamer in 1883. " The locality is about 90 miles south of Hudson Strait." 
 "This well distinguished 8peoies"(Dall adds)"is more northern in ita southern 
 limits than M. helieina, and ha» been taken at Point Barrow, Cumberland 
 Inlet, Melville Peninanla, and East Greenland ; the latter locality from 
 specimens sent by the second German Polar expedition and catalogued in 
 their report as Trochui helieinut.")* 
 
 Margarita olivacba (Brown). 
 
 I 1 
 
 Turbo olivaceiu. Blown (1827 and 1844). 
 Margarita argtntata, Gould (1841 »nd 1870). 
 Mari/arita fflauca, Moller (1842). 
 
 Grand Manan, " taken alive in four fathoms, coarse sand, off Duck Island 
 boat moorings " (Stimpson). A few living specimens were dredged by the 
 writer off Grande Greve, Gasp^ Bay, in 20-60 fathoms, in 1869; on 
 the north ahore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, off Sawhill Point, in 30 
 fathoms sand, and off the St. John River, near the West Point of Anticosti, 
 in 60 fathoms sand, in 1 871. Little M^tis, Riviere du Loup and Mui^ 
 ray Bay (Sir J. W. DawHon). 
 
 " Fossil— Montreal, rare " (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 Margarita acuminata (Sowerby !) MigheU and Adams. 
 
 Margan'lii acuiMtnitaf Sowerby (1838). 
 Murijarita acuminata, Mighela and Adams (1842). 
 
 " Gulf of St. Lawrence, token from thf stomach of a codfish, by Mr. Foster, 
 in the summer of lti41. Only a sinicle specimen was found, which is in the 
 cabinet of J. W. Mighels." Grand Muuan, " in 40 fathoms on a soft muddy 
 bottom off the Swallow's Tail " (Stimpson). Not found of late years by any 
 collectors in the Bay of Fundy or Gulf of St. Lawrence. ' Arctic Ocean " 
 (Pilsbry). 
 
 • Prooeedingi of tlie U. S. National Miueum, vol. ix., (1886), p. 
 
 2U6. 
 
 
IM 
 
 Masoarita undulata, 8ow«rbj. 
 
 Troehut Uranlandiriu umbilieahu, 4kc.. Chflmniu (1781) ; but not 
 binomikl. 
 
 TnrhH, tintmrin; O. Katirioiiit (17K)); non L. (IW). 
 
 Uiiryiirita ttrinla, Liiuh (IHIU). 
 
 Manmrila undulata, Howrrliy (183H) ; st auct. 
 
 Turho inearmilui, Couthouy (183M-3U). 
 
 Utaryarita tintnUindira, U. <). 8ar» (1878). 
 Grand Manan, "on weedy, nwky andnulipore U.ttom., in shallow water " 
 (SUmpwn); L'Etang Harbour and PaHsainaquoddy Bay (Ganong) • 
 Annapoli. Bwin (Verkriizen). Fishing Unks off Halifax (Willi*); Le 
 Have Bank, Nova Scotiu, in 4;") f»th..in^ gravelly and .tony bottom, U. 8. 
 Fwh ComniiMion. 1872 (Smith and H.ir«er). Oulf of St. Lawrence, at Oa.p4 
 Bay, in 30 to 50 fatlioms, and at several other localitie* (Whiteaves) ; St 
 Anne and Ruiueau Vallde(B«.ll); near Caribou Island, "common in 15-20 
 fathoms, «nd " (Packard). Atlantic coast of Labrador, Iwtween Sandwich 
 Bay and Hamilton Inlet, dead but perfect shells on the beach (A. P Low 
 1894). ^ ' 
 
 The name of this species is not included in Sir J. W. Dawson's list of 
 Pleiatocene fossils in the "Canadian Ice Age." 
 
 Margarita cinbrba (Couthouy) ; and var. obandib. . 
 
 Maryantn ,lriata, Broderip and Sowerby (1829) ; non Leach (ISlfl), 
 which, however, m wii to lie the mnie as U. undulata, Sowerby 
 
 TuTho eintrrni, Couthouy (1838-39). 
 
 Margarita ehierca, (iould (1841) ; et auct. 
 
 Margarita tino-ta, var. -ji-findii (Miirch) (J. O. Sar» (1878). 
 Bay of Fundy (Stimpson, and Verrili) ; Passamaquoddy Bay (Ganong) ; 
 Annapolis Basin (Verkruzen) ; Atlantic coast of Nova Scitia (Willis,— and 
 Smith and Harger). Gulf and mouth of the Hiver St. I^wrence at' many 
 localities, dredged l.y .sir J. W. Dawson, Bell, Packard, and the writer; 
 Atlantic coast of Labrador (Packard, an.l A. P. Low); Hud.son Strait 
 (Bell) : and Greenland (MoII.t); from !ow-«aler mark to 100 fathoms, but 
 apparently most abundant in from al«>ut 10 to 60 fathoms. Specimens 
 from the Gulf of >St. Lawrence and I^ibrador ccast, average about 16 mm. 
 in their l)a«al diameter, and 1,S mm. in height. 
 
 Fossil at Portland, and H viere du Loup (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 SotABIKI.I.A OH.SCUR.\ (CoUthouV). 
 
 Turho iilif.iiniii, r.iuth'Miy (IXter.ll). 
 Miiriinrita iii,n-uni, (ii.uld (1X41 i : .t auct. 
 .VachirorAij- almti,-ii, fi. (). S»r« (IST.'O. 
 Sn'arirlla „li>f,irii. I'ilsliry (Is.sil). 
 
 With the preceding, but not, >«•„ r.coiH.-il as having been collected in 
 Greenland. 
 
<'t 
 
 1 1 
 
 i 
 
 lie 
 
 MarfnrilabM,, V«.kru«m (1878) ; bo H«crip,i«,. 
 
 ZZl"'^'^'"' *'"•''' <'*^"" ""' "• "• »"..18T»). 
 ««*'rr»pfa«o6«mm. vw. WM, Verrill (18H2) 
 MaruUn obuura, v»r. Wii, Pibbry ( 188»l. 
 
 A««.polu&„in(V.rkru«„); off Cape 8.bl.. Nov. Scoti.. in 90 fathom, 
 u. a. tint) OummMmon, 1877 ^Vpprilh tk„ <. ^ . "'_'"'"'"«'"•. 
 minMtfortn «t li^t™,^ m • ^ ^'"' ^- ^'"' " ^^'^ty W/o » the predo- 
 
 SoLABiBtLA VARIC08A (MixheU and Adams). 
 
 ^^-VnWfe, r«r.W«,, Mighel. and Ad»m. (IMS); ,t «M. 
 Solartrl/a Mrieom, Pilibry (1888). 
 
 Btearns expedition in 1889 n n «J._> a , . "y in« 
 
 CAttKOTOMA occiDESTAtK (Mighels and Adama). 
 
 Trocku,oeci^rHla,i,, Mighels Riid Ad.mi. (18411 
 Martmrtln ahljnitrum. Heck (1846>. 
 CnUiottoma ornUrntni it, Pilshri' (1S89). 
 
 Grand Manan, in 25 to 40 fathoms in the Hake R»v .'Ti. 
 we« ver, Wge and beauHful. especial., wtn a, ve- ihe .„'' a;*::";;; 
 
 irarya n<a. which has five " (Stimpson). 
 
 • 1882. Tr.n«ctio„,of th.c„„;;;^tii;;r^„,5^, :^;^^^ 
 
161 
 
 OTMMOaUlMA. 
 Family Pyrttmidellidfr. 
 TuRBOMiLLA HivtA, Stimpton. 
 
 CVmnitiM Him, Stiropaon (1851). 
 Turbmilla nirta, 8lim[Mnn (1882). 
 
 Oflf Grand Manan Wand, on a maddy and grarelly bottom, in 40 fathoms 
 (Qtimpaon). 
 
 TURBOSILLA INTCRRDPTA, var. FOLVOCISCTA. 
 
 Turrifllu tnterrupln, Totten (ISSS). 
 
 Mttaitia rufa, Philippi (1H36) ; lido D»I1. 
 
 TuHjonilla Mrrrupla, 8tiiii|Mon (1882). 
 
 OJottomia ru/,i hilippi) »«r. fulrtmneta, Jeffrejn (1H84). 
 
 TurttmUla rufu, \iiT. fiilvoeinebi, Dall (1889). 
 
 Shediao Bay, N.B., in 2 to 10 fathoms, frequent, alive, 1 873 (Whiteavea). 
 More or leu common on the oyster beds at Cocag.'o. N.B., and at Summer- 
 side, P.E T (Rev. H. W. Winkley, 1887). 
 
 "This species is, as claimed by Jeffreys, id intical w th PhUippi's m/a. 
 "The specimens pass through the same series of varieties." The form 
 reported under this name from Bhediao by Wl .teaves is lemarkably distinct, 
 taken by itaelf, but I suspect a connecting series could >» obtained " ^all 
 1889).* ^ ' 
 
 OooaroifiA tripida (Totten). 
 
 Artmm Irijidu; Totten (1834). 
 
 OdoUomia trijlda, Gould (1841) ; et auct. Am. 
 
 Pointe du Chtee, Shediac Bay, at low-water, one specimen, collected by 
 the wnter in 1873 ; abundant at Cocagne and Bedeque (Rev. H. W. Winkley, 
 1887). 
 
 Odostomia 8BMINUDA (Adams). 
 
 Jaminia temintidn, C. B. AdanM (183!t). 
 OdoiHmia teminudn, ffiiuld (1841) ; ct auct. 
 CheiH'iUzia lemmudii, Stimpmn (18;"il). 
 Turb<,mna ttminuda, H. and A. Adams (1858). 
 
 Abundant on the oyster beds at .Summerside, P.E.I (Rev. H. W Winklev 
 
 1887). ■'' 
 
 * Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. xviii. p. 33a 
 
IM 
 
 Ommtomia rvKA (AcUim). 
 
 FlMmmit futea. 0. B. Aiianiii < IBM). 
 
 OdoHomia fMKa, (iould (1H41 »m\ 187M) ; et auct. 
 
 Hare on tb« ojriUr bed* »t IMeitue (Ilav. H. W. Winklejr, 1887). 
 
 Oduotomu bisutubalii (Say). 
 
 ]l 
 
 Turriltlln biintunilii, Huy (IXW). 
 Jiim'nui txiguit, CoutUauy {imtli), 
 (Mnatmuii exitjyui, Uuiild (IH41). 
 ChimtuIZM himtiim'h, 8tiin|aiun (tlUl). 
 
 From the mud nt ttyut*r hiirreU which camp fn>m the Uulf of 8t. Lawren.-e 
 (OanoiiK, 1891). In the ■ Nautilui " for March, 1901, however, the lie/. 
 H. W. Winkley expresHOs the opinion that 0. tritida, 0. biruluralU and 
 0, imprema will probably have to be united under uno name. 
 
 ''i 
 
 I'll 
 
 Mbjushtiio albula (Fabriciuk). 
 
 riir6aa/(>i(iu<. O. Fabriciu« (I'HCI). 
 MrmMo albula, Moller (1842). 
 
 Thfl young (probably of thin »|»*ciea) were frequent iu 2- (5 fathomc, sand, 
 off Caribiiu Inland (Packard). "Ono young, living, at I/Auj au Loup" 
 (Strait of D«lle Isle) " 10 fathoms, mud and ke.'p. Tii-.d '•r-t imen does not 
 agree precisely with Greenland examples" (Miss Bush, in Catalogue of the 
 Mollusca, etu., obtained by the 8l«*ariis Labrador expedition in 1883). 
 
 Dr. Paul Fischer regard* Mr-n^'tho (Moller) and Liottomia (G. O. San) 
 as only subgenera of Eulinulta (Forljen), and this view is adopted by Tryon 
 in the eighth voluueof his Manual of Citnchology. Verrill, however, thinks 
 that Lioft'iinia is a synonym uf Mrwulho. 
 
 Menghtiio stkiatula (Couthouy). 
 
 fgnmit ttriiilula, Cout'-oiiy (1838). 
 H$rnt»thonlljnhi^ Irtnild (1870) ; non Mdlltr. 
 Uiltulomiu ttriiilnia, Verrill (1880). 
 
 Grand Manan Island, "in the laminarian and coralline zones" (Stimpson) ; 
 Biy of Ku.idy (Verrill) ; fishing banks. >ff Halifax, rare (Willis) ; off Grande 
 Oreve, Gaxpe Bay, on »tone.s, in ulmut 20 fathoms, three living adult 
 apecimuns, dredged by the writer iu 1867. 
 
 ■ 
 
IM 
 
 Lmmtumia iBimxtA (SUoipion). 
 
 AiMoa (titnua, Btiai|Mou|1WI). 
 itu««(/a c&«niM. tkiDi|M>ii IIIIH3). 
 ^WutSMM Hmnum, U. O. Hm« (tUTH*. 
 
 Onnd M.DM ItlMid, in 28 fothom., tholljr bottom (Stimp^n) ; north 
 •hoi* of the Oulf of St. Uwrenoe, ,,B Moi.ie village, in 70 f.tb<in»,ooe 
 living adult ipeoiaMn, dndgtd by th« writer in 1«71. 
 
 Family Eulimtdir. 
 
 ECLINA kTUfOn-OMA, JeflWtjri. 
 
 Onlf of St. Uwrenoe, dredged by the writer in 1871 at Ellia Bay, Anti- 
 eoeti, bearing S.W., 81 niilet di.Unt, in 160 fathom*, mod, one living 
 ■pecimen ; and in 1873, thirty milen N. E. of Capdei Kodera, in 200 fatbomi, 
 mad, one dead but perfect upecimen. 
 
 PrcNoaLOMU. 
 Family Scalariadit. , 
 
 ScALARiA Ubcenlandica, Perry. 
 
 Sealaria Wwn/onrfini, Perry (IHU) • t<«ta MiircK. 
 aetUaria lubulata, Oiuthouy (1H88). 
 
 Grand Manan Island, "on pebbly and shelly bottoms in 10 to 60 fathoms" 
 (Stimpaon); "common in Casco Hay and Bay of Fundy, from 10-109 
 fathoma" (Verrill); Annapolis Basin (Verkruxen). Fishing banks off 
 Halifax, scarce (Willis); Le Have Bank, N.S., 48 fathoms, gravelly and 
 •tonf bottom, abundani, (Smith and Harge r). (Julf and mouth of the River 
 St. Lawrence, at St. George's Cove, Gasp^ Hay, rare (Whiteavee) ; at 
 Riviire du Loup and Kamouraska (Sir J. \V. Dawson) ; and near Caribou 
 Island, "only a fragment of a specimen " (Packard). 
 
 Fossil at Saco, Maine, at Riviere du Loup and Quebec, also in the 
 English Red Crag and Scottish Pleistocene. 
 
 • ScALARiA (Acirsa) costulata (Mighcls). 
 
 Turriiellti mitulatn, MighiN (1841). 
 
 Scalnria Inmulh, Bwk (I.S.S!!) ; " proliably, not dt«;ril*d." 
 
 Scnturiii Stchrirhtii, (HolUlll) Miillw (1842). 
 
 Scalariti unduhitn, Sowerliy (1847). 
 
 OfiF Grand iManan Island, "in deep water, rare" (Stimpson); Bay of 
 Fundy (Verrill). Little Mt'lis and Murray Hay (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 Fossil at Riviere du Loup, Beauport amJ .Montreal, but most abundant ut 
 Riviere du Loup (Sir J. W. Duwson). 
 "J 
 
IM 
 
 T I 
 
 1 I 
 
 VMBily lanlKinHm. 
 
 Iamthiiia riuuiua, T«nwrek. 
 
 "Only • frMgmrat fonnd at Hable IiI.di] to identify by ; proUbly a drift 
 •hril" (Willii). AcoordioK to Verrill, I. Jraff,/,. hu boon "found out 
 Mttor* at Nantuokst, but pnibiibly do«w not oc. ur living lo lar nw tb It 
 inbabiU tb« Unlf fitnm farther muUi." * 
 
 k 
 
 1 
 
 Tmhiooloua. 
 
 Family Stuiei'i.e. 
 
 Amavra cavoida, M6ller. 
 
 1843. Indvt MuUununim (ini'n'uidia, p. 7. 
 
 One H»ing ippoimen of thii tbell wat dredged by tht- writer in 1869 oB 
 Grande Or^ve, Uaap^ Bay, in from aiiout 20 or 30 to 60 fathoma. 
 
 AMAURonH IiLAKoiOA (Umelin). 
 
 ITrrita Iilandiea, OnwUn (1708). 
 
 JVa.'>m MieoiJtt, Johutun (tf)3S). 
 
 yatiai tnmitirulatn, 'ioulil (IMO). 
 
 tratiea comtn, MiiUer (1842). 
 
 AiMtHropM Kttitoiiet, Htimpnon (1802). 
 
 Anaurofit Idatutifi (Ooiclin) G. O. Stm (1878). 
 
 Sable Island, flthing banks (Willis) ; Marrauin (Dr. R. Bell). Very rare 
 in good oondition. 
 
 Specimens from the Pleistocene depoeita at Montreal that were at flnt 
 identified with thU species, are the types of the since described ChoritUit 
 tlegani, Carpenter. 
 
 AcRruiA PLAVA (Gould). 
 
 WatKo.^am, (Joiild (1840). 
 ITalica Smitkii, Brown (1844). 
 Bitlbui flarut, 8tiui|wm (1862), 
 
 Orand Manan, "Uken in 50 fathcms, mud, some miles off the Swallow's 
 Tail" (Stimp«)n) ;:8able luland and fishing banks off Halifax (Willis) 
 Rimouski, Les Islets an d Claude gtelQ^Also rare, in good condition. 
 
 * U.S. FUh CummiMioD, Keport for 1871-72 (1873), p. 660. ~ 
 
m 
 
 LUHAIIA INMAriJUtTA (Tott«o), 
 
 /tmiei imm-icHlntn. T(itl»ii (IHSB). 
 
 ^umiltfi iiK«ii...M/.i»n, H. Mid A. \ Unii (IHfiX). 
 
 Mnmma (/) imvufeuhiiii, Hti>n|>«'ii IMS). 
 
 Oitnd Mi4>iM, " rathor cotumon on tha unrjs nf VIshfr't Oor« M low- 
 w»t#r, ard tuore raroly occurring «t vtrioui dnptha, to 29 fatboioi " 
 (8tiuipBon). llay of Kundy, ft l<> ^0 fatli«.ni», ooiniiMin,— and oftfn found U 
 low w«t*r mark in the JUy ..f Kumly (V«irill). PaaMmmiuoddy B»y, and 
 L Bung llnrbtiur. N. B.(< Jiinnng) ; Aonitpolia >iuin ( VerkruMn); S«W» Iiland 
 •ivdlUhing bankn off Hallfa\ (Wlllia). Dr(HlK.-<l by th« writnr between 
 Clip..' Bear and Pictou IsUnd, ami <.n ibe C»rph ui Bank, in 1873 ; and off 
 Uraade Crvvr, Uaxp)'; Bay, in 1M,'J. 
 
 LfMATIA (iWRHLAWDICA (Bookl MdllcT. 
 
 Jfntiri ilrHttliintlmi ItiicV) With IIWJ). 
 
 Throauhout tbe ontiro re^i u, at .lii.tliH m from i to 50 or 00 fnthomi, 
 •nd extending northwanl to i^brndor, HjiUi»ri >!traitniirt Crn al.niH. HoU 
 dredged it at Ashe Inlet in 1}I84, and I*w fomui de>ni "peoimunH of it on 
 the beach between Hamilton Inlet and Hni\d»icli I'ly, Labrador, in 1806. 
 
 As a Pleistocene fo»«il the ii|iv('ie8 hm Ixien f> Jii.l .H Main, ut Anticooti, 
 Riviure da Loup, tjtiebw:, and Montreal, as well «- ,ii England, Scotlaod and 
 Norway. 
 
 LUNATIA MA.VA (Ali'ller). 
 
 Sitltfn mn«, Mtillw (1M2), 
 Ltn-ilm niiivi, (>. <>. Han ilH7H). 
 
 Ijb Have Bank, Nova Hcutin, in 45 fatlKims, U. S. Fish ConimiMion, 1872 
 (Smith ttii'l Harger) ; Uaspt' lUty, 18t)<J (Wliitcaves). 
 
 L(,'!(ATiA HKROB (Say). 
 
 K'llKK keroi. Sav (1822) : nnd (ionld (IHll). 
 
 AiiivifKi Afrus, 11. mid A. AdaiiiH (lS,'i8l : ftiul tSoulcl (1870), 
 
 Grand Mauan, " in sheltered muddy Ijays, almut low-water mark ; rarely 
 found. The speoimeriM wer« all of tlio northern, hhort-«pired type, and of 
 a very thin structure, with well-develope,! epidermis " (ijtimpRon). Bay of 
 Fundy, common, from low- water to 40 fiithoins ^ Verrill). " I'aasamaquoddy 
 Bey. L'Etang and Bliiis harbours, St. Croix lliver, and in fact abundant 
 almost everywhere on the Charli)lie County cuast where there is land " 
 (Uanong). St. Mary's Bay and Aimapolis Basin, N.S. (Verkrnzen). Sable 
 
Mind, Md Not. Scoti. Mnd beaohM (WiUU). Pound alK, on nndy 
 b*oh«, m NorthnmWlwd Str.it .nd .t nuy loditiea in the River md 
 Gulf of St. Uwrence. The most northerly lodity from v.hioh thu .peoie. 
 h« been reoorded u 8.lmon B.y, on the north shore of the Gulf. ju.t in.ide of 
 the Strait of Belle Ide, where two young de.d shells were coUected .t hi«h. 
 T-.ter nuirk by PMk.rd in 1861. ^^ 
 
 lUre .nd of .m.U ,m in the Pleistocene of New Brunswick, .nd .t 
 Be.uport, P.Q. 
 
 LURATU BER08, var. TRUBRUTA (S.y). 
 
 Satiea Irittriata, Say (1822). 
 Lunatia Irittriata, Gould (18701. 
 
 The distribution and bathymetricl range of the v.r. triteriata .r« very 
 suniW to those of tho typical L. hero,, but the former has not yet been 
 found on the north shore of the River uid Gulf of St. L.wpence, nor in the 
 Fleutocene of Canada. 
 
 Natica cladsa, Broderip and Sowerby. 
 
 Sntim rlnvtta, Broderip and Sowerby (1829). 
 Snlitii cmuolidata, Cuuthouy (1838). 
 
 Throughout the entire region, and northward, usually at depths of less 
 than fifty fathoms. Vemll, however, has dredged this circumpolar species 
 
 "TJIfir^^'*"" " ^^^ *"^°'"'' *" *''•' ^y «' Fundy; and the writer 
 dredged a hvmg specimen off Cap des Rosiers lighthouse in 110 fathoms 
 coarse sand, with stones, in 1872. ' 
 
 It has been found fossil at Portland, Maine; at St. John and other 
 localities in New Brunswick; at Anticosti, Bivikce du I«up, Quebec and 
 Montreal ; also at Vancouver Island, uid .t many localities in Europe. 
 
 Family Lamellariidm. 
 VKLUTiifA l^vioata (Pennant). 
 
 Bulla velutitia, MuUer (177G). 
 Belli Itevigata, Pennant (1777). 
 Belix kaliotoicUt, O. Fnbricius (1780). 
 Vdutinn haliotoidfs, Moller (1842). 
 Velutinn lavigata, G. O. Sars (1878). 
 
 Grand Manan, Stimpson, ^ho say? that very large specimens of this and 
 the next species are "taken ia the laminarian zone," V. zonata "inhabiting 
 however, deeper water than" V. I<.vigata, " which occasionally occun, at low 
 water. Annapolis Basin, "seldom" (Verkruzen). Fishing banks off 
 
 [i i 
 
167 
 
 Halifax, rare (Willia) ; Oasp^ Bay (Whitearea) ; St. Anne (Bell) ; Henley 
 Harbour, Strait of Belle Isle, in 3 to 8 fathoms, and Dead Island, near 
 Square Island, in 1-4 fathoms, Steams expedition (Miss Bush); Greenland 
 (Fabricius, and Moller). 
 
 Vblutwa (Limneria) cndata (Brown). 
 
 Oalerieulum wndntum. Brown (1827 and 1844). 
 rduliiM zomiUi, (iiHiId (imi). 
 Limneriii un'tfitit, H. ami A. Adanm (1853). 
 MijrviUin iintiittft, (iiay (I»C>7). 
 
 Orand Manan (Stimpson) : fishing banks oif Halifax (Willis) ; Halifax 
 Harbour (J. M. Jones) ; Gatpe Bay (Whiteaves) ; Little M^tisand Kamou- 
 raska (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 " Fossil,— Beauport and Montreal " (Sir J. W. Dawson) ; Ottawa (Dr. H. 
 M. Ami, lyOO). 
 
 Velutrlla cryptospira, Middendorf. 
 
 "A good living example of this shell was taken by us on the Speedwell," 
 of the U. 8. Fish Commission, 'in 1877, off Halifax, Nova Scotia, in ^>7 
 fathoms." It had previously been obtained in northern Norway (Sars) and 
 in the north Pacific and Herinjj's Straits * (Verrill). 
 
 MARSkXINA GLABRA (Couthouy). 
 
 Oriinnr fffahni, Couthouy (WWi. 
 Siit<iretHli hnlintoitttltf, (Jnuld |1H41). 
 Sii)iinliufilninliindie,i». MiiUiT (1842). 
 LdiiuWiriti peritpidtii, Stiai[MHjn (18.511; non I^)vpn. 
 Si'irHuin't frfr-MiAoirftWf, Stim|Kt»n (1862). 
 
 Grand Manan. " Inhabits rocks in the coralline zone, ^t is rarely taken 
 by the dredge, however, from its preferrinj; the crevices of the ledges to 
 their upper surfaces " (Stimpson). Fishing banks off Halifax, very rare 
 (Willis); south shore of the St. Lawrence at Ruisseau Vall^(Bell); and 
 off Car.bou Island, P.Q.. in 1.5 fathoms, sand and mud (Packard). 
 
 Alarsenina prodi/a, Loven, is a Greenland shell which may be expectctl 
 to occur on the coast of the Maritime Provinces or in the Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence, as it has been dredged at Eastfiurt, Maine. 
 
 * 1882. Tran*»Acti(m» of the C'onin'cticut Academy of .Vrts and .^oiences, vol. v., [). .Mfl 
 

 168 
 Family Capulida. 
 
 OArVLACUMA BADIATA, M. San. 
 
 Capului mtluitut, M. San (1849). 
 Pilidium nulialun, M. San (ISfiO). 
 mti/tUM«>in«ioiluM, Middendorf (1861). 
 Capulaemaa radiala, M. 8 .n. 
 PUueutpniut, Loven (1838). 
 PUitcvB emnmotliu, Verrill (1885). 
 Capulus iCapulatmcfa) ndUila, Tryon (1886). 
 
 Off Nova SootU, in 150 fathom*, U. 8. Pi,h CommUwon. SS. AlbatroM 
 dredging, of 1883 (Verrill). • ^ AioatroM 
 
 Rare in the Leda clay at Pointe UvU and Montreal 
 
 CbIPIDULA FORiriCATA (L.) 
 
 PnUlla fornieala, L. (176;). 
 
 Crepidula fomicata, Lamarck (1799) ; et auct. 
 
 Abundant on oysters throughout the whole oyster region northwarf to 
 Caraquette Bay al«., on other shells, etc., in Northumberlandl^aiT 
 VemU says thatit ha, not been found in the Bay of Fundy, but O T 
 Kennedy has dredged it aUve in Mina. Basin. Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia 
 common (Willis). Dead shelU of this species were collected by ?^w: 
 Macoun iu 1S99 on the beach at Sable Island ^ "~' 
 
 A ,m.ll specimen of it wa. found fossil in the Saxicava «.nd at the Mile 
 End, Montreal, by Baron de Geer in 1891 (Sir J. W Dawson) 
 
 (^reindula glauca. Say. which was included by WUlis in his latest list of 
 
 Crepidula plana. Say. 
 
 Crepidula ungui/ormin ? Lamarek U--.,. 
 Crti,iduln plana. Say (1822) ; et auct. Am. 
 r«pM/ui» «nflrui/onw.», Stimp«on (1861). 
 Found al*. throughout the oyster region ; off Sable Island, and in North- 
 
 A difference of opinion exists as to whether the C. plana of Sav is or i. 
 not .dentical with C. u,>guiformu> of Lamarck. In the U. S Fish ComLL 
 sjon Report for 1871-72 p. 650, Vernll says that the nite!: Jrs3 
 C. ungm/ormi,, Lamarck, is a distinct species. On the other hanH s,* 
 «>n. in 1851. identi«ed New England shells wi.h Lamarck 'speti:' l^Z, 
 
169 
 
 »l«o, in the eighth volume of hU Manual of Concbology, publuhed in 1886 
 (page 130), writes aa follows :—" Some authors have contended that the 
 European C. unguiformii is a different species from our C. plana : the com- 
 parison of large suites of both will demonstrate their identity to any one." 
 
 Cbkhdula cortbza, SaT. 
 
 Crrpid>Ua eoitvexa. Say (1823) ; et auct. 
 
 Sable Island (Willis). The form of this shell is said to oe " due to its 
 atUchment on the crustacean Eupagurui fongicarpui and the gastropod 
 Ilyanatsa obtdeta " (Tryon). 
 
 CRCCIBDf,DM STRIATUM (Say). 
 
 Oalgptraa {Difalaa) Iriata, S»y (1836). 
 
 CracibuCum. (Ditpolim) tlrintum, H. and A. Adam> (1858). 
 
 Grand Manan (Stimpson) ; Bay of Fundy, common, low-water mark to 30 
 
 fathoms (Verrill) ; L'Eteng Harbour, Charlotte Co., N.B., in 7 to 10 fathoms, 
 
 very abundant (Ganong); Annapolis Basin, N.S., "not abundant" (Ver- 
 kruzen). 
 
 Family Rittoida. 
 CwouLA MiSDTA (Totten). 
 
 Tftrio minvitu, Totten (1834). 
 Cingiila minuta, Uould (IMl). 
 LMorinr/lii minuta, Stimpaon (1866). 
 Bigtwt iiiinutti, <Tttn)d (1870). 
 Biidrobiii atinulii, G. <). Sara (1878). 
 
 At or a little below low-water mark, or under stones between tides, 
 throughout the entire region. The species is known to range southward to 
 New Jersey, and northward to Fox Harbour, Lewis .Sound, Labrador, where, 
 accoiding to Miss Bush, one dead shell was dredged by the Steams expedi- 
 tion in 1882. 
 
 CiNGULA OLoouLUS (MiiUer). 
 
 Siitoa globulus, Miiller (1842). 
 Cinguh gMiului, Verrill (1879). 
 
 One dead specimen of this shell was dredged by the writer in 1872, five 
 miles and a quarter to the E.S.E. of Bonaventnre Island, in 60 fathoms, 
 tough, sandy mud. 
 
170 
 
 CixoOLA OAKiMATA, Mighel* and AcUina. 
 
 Cinfftila ttmiMitata, MighaU and Adsnia (1841) ; but not Fiirte 
 
 MutMOtfadM, MobUku (1808). 
 Cingnla earihala, Mighel* and Adam* (ItMS). 
 Bi—oa ptlagiea, Stimpaon (1851). 
 Si-oa oarimJa, Stimpwrn (1863) ; and Gould (1870). 
 
 Grand Manan Island, "rather common in the coralline zone" (Stimpeon). 
 Uasp^ Bay ; in 200 fathom*, mad, to the aouth and toath-east of the Island 
 of Anticoeti ; and on the north shore of the Qulf of St. Lawrence, half way 
 between Pointe des Monbi and the west end of Trinity Bay, in 96 fathoms, 
 small stone* and coarse sand, abundant and living (Whiteavea). 
 
 CixouLA ARINARIA, Mighels and Adams. 
 
 Cinguln annaiiii, .Mighela and Adami (1842). 
 Siuo(i Miykrlti, Stimpaon (1851). 
 Rntoa exarata^ Htimpnon (1851). 
 
 Near Orand Manan Island, " in 25 fathoms off the northern point of 
 Duck Island " (Stimpson) ; Bay of Fundy, 4 to 20 fathoms (Verrill). 
 
 Tryon says that Stimpson changed the name of this shell " to B. Mighel$i 
 on account of Turbo areTtariut (Mtg. 1) Maton, Turton, <icc., which, however, 
 is Odottomia deeuunta. R. exarata, Stimpson, is a synonym."* The 
 " Odosiomia deeutiata " of this passage should read Bittoina decmtala, as is 
 obvious from the lint of synonyms of the latter species given by Tryon in 
 another page (p. 385) of the same volume. 
 
 Fo8«il at Montreal (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 CiNOULA MULTILINEATA (StimpSOn). 
 
 BiitM mullilintata, Stimpaon (1851). 
 Cingvia multilintnta, Verrill (1879). 
 
 Halifax, Willis (teste Gould). 
 
 CiNOCLA (Alvania) arkolata (Stimpson). 
 
 Turrilt'la artolata, Stimpmn (1851). 
 Cuigula anolntii, Verrill (1H79). 
 
 North shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, half way between Pointe des 
 Monts and the west end of Trinity Bay, in 96 fathoms, small stones and 
 coarse sand (Whiteaves, 1871, as identified by Verrill). 
 
 * Manual of Conchology, vol. ii., p. 347. 
 
171 
 
 ClNOULA (AlVANU) CAITAlfIA (MoUef). 
 
 JNiKM caitanea, MoUn (1842). 
 Cinohla outanco, G. O. 8«n (1878). 
 
 Oupi Bay (White*vei) ; Mingan (.1. Richardson) ; near Caiibon Island, 
 in 15 fathoms sand (Packard) ; Dead Island, near Square Island, Labrador, 
 1 to 4 (athoms, hard bottom, Stearns expedition (Miss Bush). 
 
 Fossil in the Leda clay of Montreal (Sir J. W. DawsMi). 
 
 CiMGULA (Alvania) Jas Mstbni (Friele). 
 
 i!««oo ./on-Arnwin', Friele (187T). 
 Cingula JanMetieni, Verrill (187tf). 
 
 Some small but adult specimens of this shell were dredged by the writer 
 in 1869 oflf Gr.mde Greve, in Ga8p<5 Bay, in from 20-50 fathoms ; and a few 
 larger ones, in 1871-73, to the north, south-eant and south of the Island of 
 Anticosti, in 200 fathoms mud. These were identified with Friele's ?. Jan- 
 Mayeni by Verrill in 1879, and Iwfore that year they had been referred to 
 Riuoa tcrobiadata, M oiler, on the authority of Jeffreys. 
 
 A few specimens of this species have been found fossil in the Leda clay of 
 Montreal, by Sir J. W. Dawson. 
 
 CiNOULA (OnOBA) ACVLCUii, Gould. 
 
 Cingula aruteun, Gould (1841). 
 JliMoa aculeu$, 8timp«on (1851). 
 
 Grand Manan Island, "in the littoral zone, rare" (Stimpson) ; shores of 
 the Bay of Fandy, common (Verrill). 
 
 Family Sktneixd<t. 
 Skexeia flanokbis (Fabricius). 
 
 Tiirto planorbis, O. Kibricius (1780). 
 Skenea jtlanorhit, Fleming (1828) ; Pt auct. 
 Skenen irrfmloidet, Go\ild (1841). 
 
 Nova Scotia (Willis) ; very common on all rocky shores in Massachusetts 
 Bay, Casco Bay and the Bay of Fundy (Verrill) ; Greenland (Fabricius). 
 
173 
 
 •;4 i 
 
 i \ 
 
 i ! 
 
 FiimiJy Litorinida. 
 IjTOBiXA Runw (MBton). 
 
 rur(«<<«t™««, Montagu (1803). v»rietv ^^"° ''**•'• 
 
 r«r-to .r.«rt«,. S.y (1823). The v„. «„,,,„„. 
 £.«on». rurf». 0,.uW (1841 and 1870). 
 £rttor,« /«,6ro.,, (to„w (1841 ,„d 1870). 
 ^»«oni«a WTOniindic, MoUer (1843) 
 
 Thu,, i„ 1871, the writer d™dZ a^„!f I ""° "''^ "^ *"«'• 
 
 •pecies has long been known to ncZT Z' ''^' A°»i«»=>ti The 
 
 land. Mr. i^i xzz^,7;:z:^:iTii; ^•^-^r'-^^-- 
 
 Oeor«e Sound and the bottom ffT^lvX on th "T "f '*"'° ''"''« 
 8tr.it, in 1897 ; and on the sh. ™ T» u ? "'"^ "*' °^ ""^son 
 H«d«,n Bay, i.; 1899 '"''^' "" *'" «"' «>-' «* 
 
 n^^'^lt,X^^J ^n coUected in the Piei.ooone deposit, at 
 UddevalU, in Zll '^'"^""' '' "'"^ '" ''' ^'y''' '-d^ -d at 
 
 LiTOHINA PALLIATA (Say). 
 
 Turf„ lUtomli,, O. F.brioiu. (1780,. 
 ^iirlHiiMillMitHii, .Say (1822). 
 Liltorifut palliain, GouM (1841 and 1870) 
 LtUorimi nnlirn, Moller (1842). 
 Litlorinn lillomlit, Stini|«oii (18fll) 
 
 on tij; authority of 8ir J. \V. Dawson h,,t th^ '"'•*'"/ ™«"'atBeauport, 
 
 LlTORIXA LITORBA (L.). 
 Tarlyi litlanun, L. (1707;. 
 Ziltoniu, tittorfa, .FnhnHton ; et aiict. 
 
 Whole coast of Nova Scotia (WiUis) but this probably ,„ean, onlv .1. 
 
 ^^■^^t-^^i^Ac^^^^in^ wa., di;:::e";^„:;^ 
 
 *.\iiimcanNatiirali«tfor.\ov«nber, IH^i. ~ ' ^— 
 
173 
 
 fax, by Willis, in 1857 ; bnt Sir J, W. Dawwn, writing in 1871, wyt, "it 
 oocnn Abundantly and of large lize off different parU of the coaat " of Prince 
 Edward laland " a« it doe» also on the opposite shore of Nora Scotia, where 
 I have collected the species more than forty yean ago."* Abundant in the 
 watem of the Charlotte County coast, N.B. (Oanong). Sonris and Charlotte- 
 town, P.EI , (Whiteave^). Miss Bush includes the name of this species in 
 her list of the Labrador mollusca obtained by the Steam's expedition in 
 1882,"t and adds that it is '• very rare at so northern a latitude." 
 
 It is still doubtful whether this is an indigenous species or one introduced 
 from Europe, but the balance of evidence would seem to be in favour of the 
 latter hypothesis. 
 
 Lacuna nrhitoidea, Oould. 
 
 Grand Manan Island (Verrill); Greenland (Moller, as Lacuna pallidula). 
 If this shell is the same an the Xerita pallidiila of Da Coeta (1778), as 
 stated by Moller, G. O. Siirs, andTryon, it should be called iocttno fw^/irfjt/a 
 (DaCosta). 
 
 Lacuna vincta (Montagu). 
 
 Trorhutdirarinntut, O. F»l>riciu» (17S0) ; mm Linnti. 
 Twrto rinctiK, >r<)nUjpi (1803). 
 Ijmrnna rinetn, Turton (18S7) ; et auct. 
 i.<'«una divarintta, Lovttn (!84l>) ; ft auct. 
 
 Grand Manau Island. " The variety common here is strong, broad, pale 
 brown, with one white h^nd under the suture " (Stimpson). Very abundant 
 in the Bay of Fundy (Verrill); Annapolis Baain (Verkruien). Fi.Khing 
 banks off Halifax, coir.mon (Willis) ; whole coast of Nova Heotia (J. M. 
 Jones). Gaspe Gay, very common on fronds of Laminaria (Sir J. W. Daw- 
 son) and on sea weeus in nhallow water (Whiteaves) ; Anticoeti (Verrilli 
 Whiteaves, and Macouu) ; whole coast below Rimou.ski (Bell) ; Caribou 
 Island, where the " plain and banded varieties were common" (Packard). 
 Square Island, Atlantic ioa.st of Labrador, in .30 fathoms (Packard) ; com- 
 mon on the north shore of the strait of Belln Isle, at Forteau Bay, 20 fathoms, 
 and at L'Anse an Loup in 8-15 fathoms ; also on the Atlantic coaat of 
 Labrador, at Fox Harlxjur, St. Lewis Sound, in 1 to 4 fathoms, and at Dead 
 Island, near Square Island, in 1 to 4 fathoms, Stearns expedition (Miss 
 Bush) ; Atlantic coast of Labra<lor, between Sandwich Bay and Hamilton 
 Inlet, 1894, and Davis Inlet, 1896 (Low). 
 
 * Reimrt of tlip (Ipokigicil .Structure and Mineral ReHiurceii of- Prince Edward 
 
 Island, i>. no. 
 t l'iMC«HUn!J.i of theU. .S. Nati<m.%l Mu«euni, vol. vi. (1H83), p. 240. 
 
i ii; 
 
 174 
 Laooka olacuui, MoUar. 
 
 One adult living •peoiman of thi* OraanUnd siMU wm dradged hj tha 
 writer in 1871 on tba north tbora oi tha Gulf or month of tha River St. 
 liR wranca, half way batwaan Fointe dea Monte and tha waat and of Trinity 
 Bay, in 96 fathomi, ■mall itonaa and ooane land. 
 
 Family TurriuUida. 
 TuBBinLLA BBOai, Couthony. 
 
 TurrileUa erota, Couthouy (1SS8). 
 TurriUtta polarit (B«ok) Mdller (1M3). 
 
 Throoghont tha wholn region, at depths of from 10 to 60 fathomi. ITorth- 
 ward the spaciaii hat lo.^ been known to occur on the coast of Labrador and 
 Greenland. More recently it has been dredged in Hudw^n Strait, at Port 
 Burwell and Ashe 1 alet, by Ball ; and between King Georgr Sound and the 
 bottom of Ungava Bay, by Low. 
 
 As a Pleistocene foasil this shell has been found at Riviire du Loup, 
 Labrador, and perhaps Montreal (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 TuRRiTELLA BBTiouLATA, Mighels and Adams. 
 
 furrileVa retieuiala, Mifhela and Adanu (IMS). 
 lurritflla Itutta, Mbllcr (1842). 
 MtKlia laeieola, Carpeater (1864). 
 
 With the preceding species, on the Atlantic coast of North America, but 
 on the Stearns T^brodor exploring expedition, Miss Bush says it was dredged 
 in aa shallow water as from 2 to 4, and from 3 to IS fathoms. It is common 
 also on the coast of British Columbia. The types of T. reticulata, are said 
 by ito describers to be from the " Bay Chaleur, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; 
 taken from the stomachs of codfishes by Mr. Foster, fisherman, in the sum- 
 mer of 1841, to whom wa are indebted for specimens." 
 
 In a foasil state T. rttieulata has been found in the Pleistocene of the 
 Labrador coast, by Packard. 
 
 TURBITBLLOPSIB ACICULA (Stimpson). 
 
 TttrriUUa aeicula, Stim;«on (1891). 
 TurnteUopiii acicula, (i. O. Saia (1878). 
 
 Grand Manan Island, " dredged in 4 fathoms sand off Point Franklin, 
 and also found alive at low-water mark under stones" (Stimpson). Annapolis 
 Basin, one dead specimen (Verkruzen). Halifax Harbour, N.S. (J. M. 
 Joues) ; Murray Bay (Sir J. W. Dawson); off Caribou Island, in 50 fathoms 
 
17B 
 
 hud bottom, one indiTidwl (PMkard). Dead UUnd, near Squ*r« ItlMtd, 
 Labrador, 1 to 4 fathomi, mud, " • few good though dead tpeoiaieiu," 
 Btoaru expedition (Misa Buih). 
 
 Fouil in the Pleittoeene of Riviire du Loup and Labrador (Hir J. W. 
 Dawion). 
 
 Family Triehotropidn. 
 
 Tbichotropib BORiALiB, Broderip and Sowerby. 
 
 Grand Manan, " rarely taken alive though dead ahellt are not uncommon 
 in the coralline rone " (Stimpson). Fishing banka off Halifax (Willin) ; 
 Halifax Harbour (J. M. Jonex) ; Le Have Bank, N.8., in 4S fathomH, 
 abundant, U. S. Fish Commission, 1872 (Smith and Harger). Oulf and 
 mouth of the River St. Lawrence, ofi Orande Ur^ve, ()aiip<^ Bay, in 30 to 40 
 fathoms, and elsewhere (Whiteaves) ; Little M^tis and Murray Bay (Sir 
 J. W. Dawson) ; St. Anne and near Cap Chatte (Bell) ; off Cariljou Island, 
 frequent in 10 to 00 fathoms (Packard. Atlantic coast of Labrador, at Long 
 Island, 15 fathoms, and Hopedalo, in 10 fathoms (Packard). Strait of Bvllo 
 Isle, at L'Anse an Loup, 10 fathoms ; Atlantic coast of Labrador, at Henley 
 Harbour, 3 to 16 fathoms; Temple Bay, 10 fathoms ; Dead Island, near 
 Square Island, 3-4 fathoms ; Stearns' expedition (MisH Bush) : Greenland 
 (Moller, as T. Atlantica, Beck) ; Ashe Inlet and Port Burwell, Hudson 
 Strait (Bell). 
 
 Fossil at Riviere du Loup, Chaudi^re Station, Montreal, Labrador, etc. 
 Very abundant at Montreal (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 Trichotropii coxica, (Beck) Muller. 
 
 1842. Index MuUtucorum (inrnUndiip, p. 12. 
 
 " A single dead but large and characteristic .specimen of this very distinct 
 species was taken in the Gulf of Maine, off Cape Sable, Nova Scutin, by the 
 U. S. Fish Commission party on the Speedwell in 1877 " *(Verrill). 
 
 Family Cerithiido!. 
 BiTTiUM moBUM (Totten). 
 
 PaiilKfa nigra, Totten (1834). 
 
 Cerithium retieutatuin, Ti>tt<'n (1835) ; noa Da Conta. 
 
 CeritKium Saiiii, Menke (1841). 
 
 Bittium nigrum, StiniiMcin (I860). 
 
 Halifax (Willis) : whole Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia (J. M. Jones) ; on 
 
 eel gross, Pictou, and south shore of Prince Edward f Island (Sir J. W. 
 
 * Tnuaactiona of the Connecticut Acsdemy of ArtH and 8ciencei', vol. v., p. 51!>. 
 
17« 
 
 B^. P.1I.. ~--«« (lUr. H. W. Wink.,,), wi" fo. J on tlT:::!; 
 o# M.iii^ nor in th« B.y of F., „.ly r VmUl). In the Bulietin d th« M««,ni 
 «F°!!f*ir*''^ ^^"^y " C,„briag^ Mm... for April. 180!), vol. xrii. n 
 887, Dr. Ddl my, tb.t thi. •h.U i. identical with th« 7V.m/W/« ail,rJL 
 of My. 
 
 OBRiTHiopan oosTuiATA (M«Jlle->. 
 
 Turritrlla f eottulala, MiiU'tiXHta.) 
 Crrilkium nrrtitum, Murvli (1067). 
 Ctrilkioptit ntttvlata, U. O. Hun (IH78). 
 
 i> " -^^ '•"'"- «»«>P'« »' tWt .r»tk spMini *«. .dged br ma, in th« 
 Bajrof Fundy in 1870. It m.jr be ea...y ,li.ti„,n„«i.«d by th. elev.t«l 
 •piw, Unng the whorig oroMed by regular .nd .trong, -oumKi rib,, newly 
 •a m Scalarvi, with • b»Ml crina, in line with the outer lip. and with 
 revolving lue. eroeaing the furrow, between the riba. The can-I i« .hort, 
 but deeply cut and .lightly recurved " • ( Verrill). The two .pemmen. from 
 the deep m* mad in the Gulf of St. Uwr.noe, that we,* identified with thi. 
 apecie. by the writer in ld73, are the type, „f Verrill'a Zot*n«//« WhUtay^ni 
 described in 1880, the name of which ha. «„ce be-n changed to CtrithitUa 
 WhtUavtrii, 
 
 CiRiraiopiH (tRMMit (Adam.). 
 
 Crrilkium Orttnii, C. B. Adami (1838). 
 Biltiiim Orniiii, II. and A. AJam« (1H(W). 
 Ctrithiopiit (irrenii, Verrill (IS7S!. 
 
 According to the Rev. H. W. Winkley, t tl,i, -pecieai. not infre,,uent on 
 the oyster bed. at 8unin,er«de, P.E.I., and it oocur« alw at Bedeque. 
 
 Okritiiiella WiiiTiAvtsii, Verrill. 
 
 Otrilhiopt,, c,uil„l„tu; Wl.it€.»vM(lH7S): no. Turriutta vortul«ta, 
 
 Milller. 
 LovtntUn Whitiairsii, Verrill lll-Hi). 
 CtrilhitUn Whittatttii, Vtrrill (1(W2I. 
 
 Two living example, of this shell were dredged by the writer in 1873, 
 in the Oulf of St. Lawrence, between the Island of Anticoati and the 
 Gasp^ peninsula, one in 110 and the other in 200 fathoms. 
 
 • TranBactiMii.- .,f the Connecticut Aca.l..,„y ,.f Art, «n.l .Sci.nc™, vol. v., p. 5!B 
 t Bulletin of th.. Natur.) History Society of New lirunswick, \o. Vli. (18881 p. 70. 
 
 ■m 
 
177 
 
 ANIiaBAU OGCIOBXTALI*, Bcck. 
 
 BottMnrUi {Aporrkait) aettdtnlali$, B«ek (UOH). 
 Mailtllana itrriiltnt»li; <><iuM (lIMli, 
 Aparrkau aeeiiltnkUu, Huwnbjr (IM7) i •> anet. 
 Arrki/f ooekUnlalit, ()»tib (IIMN). 
 
 B*7 of Fundy, Atlantio ooMt ot Nov* Seoti*, OuU itnd moaih of Um 
 RWor St. Lawrence, at m«iijr localitiei, northward to Uopedkie, on th* 
 AtUatic coMt of Lftbmdor, abundant, livinK, in from 10 to 60 fathoms. In 
 18V 1 a living and adult exampU of a thin, inflated variety of this itbell waa 
 dndged bjr the writer, N.E. of the laland of Anticotti, in 120 fathoma, 
 mod. 
 
 Oa Mndy or noddy bottonu the ahelli of thia tpeoiee are beautifully perfect 
 and their leulpture ia well preaerved. Hut, upon rooky bottom*, or bottom* 
 of looK itonea, the ihell*, even of living ipeoimene, are muoh brokec, and 
 thair turfaee marking* almoat or quite obliterated. 
 
 Packard has found A. oeeidentalu fossil at Tertiary Bay, Ijkbrador. 
 
 RnACBIOLOSSA. 
 
 Family Murieidir. 
 Urosalpihz ciNERiA (Say). 
 
 /VuHj rinrmu. Say (1X33 wifi 1831). 
 Untulfinx cinrrta, 8tim|i«>n (IHBS). 
 
 Prince Edward Island (Sir J. W. Dawson, 1871); Charlottetown Harw 
 hour, F.E.I. (F. Bain, 187S). 
 
 TRoraoir trcncatus (Strom). 
 
 rritoniuM eUakratun, O. Falirioiuii (irso) ; but nun L., twte O. O. 8»n. 
 
 Bueeinum trunentum, Striini ; fide .Feffrt-yi and iJ. O. Han. 
 
 Fmui Bantfflui (Donovan) Uoiild (IMl). 
 
 Tritonium dalhratum, .Stim|w>n(lHA3). 
 
 Tropkua clnlkratui, Stiii,i«ion(WiO) j and (iould (1«70). 
 
 Tmpkim Iruitotlui (Strom) O. O. San (1878). 
 
 Grand Manan, "on a patch of shelly botUim, atiout two miles north cf 
 Duck Island " (.Stimpson) ; .\nnapolis Baam (Verkruzen). Fishing banks 
 oflf Halifax (Willis) ; Halifax Harbour (J. M. Jones). Gulf of St. Lawrence, 
 Oaspi Bay, in about 30 fathoiua ( Whiteaves) ; Ruisseau de la Grand Vall^, 
 (Bell). Probably a small and finely ribbed form of the next species. 
 12 
 
!■■• 
 
««IOW00rY RBOIUnON TBT OUIT 
 
 (ANSI and SO Tisr CHART f4o. 2) 
 
 1.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 lit 
 
 U j 
 
 IM 
 
 |lj25 lu 
 
 1.8 
 1.6 
 
 A 
 
 y'PPUEU MHGE Inc 
 
 1«U Edit Uuin «nM 
 RochMw. Nm rorti t4«0g us* 
 (7t«) «»2 - 0300 - PlKm. 
 (71») m - »m - Fo. 
 
178 
 
 Trofhom clatbhatcs (L). 
 
 Uurae elalhratut, L. (1767). 
 
 Futut tcalarifonaii, (Jould (1838 and 1841). 
 
 Trophon mlariformit, Stinipsnn (1860) ; and Gould (1870). 
 
 Trophon elalhratut, U. O. Sara (1878). 
 
 Fishing banks ofif Halifax (Willis); Halifax Harbour (J. M. Jones). 
 Between Cape Oasp^ and Cap des Rosiers, in 75-80 fathoms, stones ; and 
 north shore of the 8t. Lawrence, off St. John River and near the west point 
 of ADticoBti, in 60 fathoms, sand (Whiteaves) ; Little M^tis, Rivi6re du 
 Loup and Murray Bay, (Sir J. W. D.iwson) ; Peter River, St. Anne and 
 Marsouin (Bell); bank off Caribou Island (Packard). Chateau Bay, 
 Labrador, 50 fathoms ; and Henley Harbour, 20 fathoms (Packard). 
 
 It is not quite clear to the writer whether the " Triton' -m elathratum, 
 Miill.." of Stinipson's Synopsis of the Marine Invertebrata< ' Orand Manan ; 
 or the Trophon elathratum, (Linn^) Moller," of Miss Bush's list of the moUusca 
 dredged on the coast of Labrador by the Steam* expedition, should be 
 referred to this or to the preceding species. 
 
 In a fossil state, T. elathralui, as here defined, has been found in Pleisto- 
 cene deposits at Riviere du Loup, Murray Bay, Montreal, and Labrador. 
 
 Trophon clathratub, var Gunnbri. 
 
 Tritonium Ounneri, hovia (1846). 
 Murex {rrophon) Ounneri, Miirch (1867). 
 Tmpkon Ounneri, H. and A. Adanu (1858). 
 Trophon clathratua, var Ounneri, G. O. San (1878). 
 
 Bay of Fundy, off (irand Manan (Verrill); Le Have Bank, in 45 and 60 
 fathoms, U.S. Fish Commission, 187S (Smith and Harger); off Cape Sable, 
 N.S., .")9 fathoms,— and mouth of Halifax Harbour, 16 and 18 fathoms, 1877, 
 U.S. Fish Commission SS. Speedwell (Verrill). Gasp^ Bay, living, in about 
 30 fathoms (Whiteaves); M^tis (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 Gould's T. tcalariforme was based upon specimens in which the thin 
 laminar varices of the shell are almost obliterate ' So far as the writer's 
 experience goes, this obliteration of the varice :e to the fact that such 
 
 specimens are usually found on rough bottoms )se stones or rock at 
 
 some distance from land. In T. Gunruiri, whii is generally found on 
 muHdy or sandy bottoms, in sheltered bays, the varices are well developed 
 and beautifully preserved. 
 
 
179 
 
 Tropbon Fabricii (Beck) MoUer. 
 
 TWtoniim craticulatum, O. F»briciua (1780) ; non L. 
 Tropkm Fabricii (B«ck) Mnller (1842). 
 Tn^on craliculatut, O. O. San (1878). 
 
 Fishing banks o£F Halifax (Willis). Orphan Bank ; off Cap Bon Ami, 
 P.Q.; between Cape Gasp^ and Cup des Hosiers, in 38 fathomi, iton«>s ; and 
 north shor of the St. Lawrence, off the St. John River, and near the West 
 Point of the Island of Anticosti, in 60 fathoms, sand ( Whiteaves) ; Miogan 
 (J. Richardson, Jun). Ashe Inlet, Hudson Strait (Bell); Oreenland 
 (Fabricius). 
 
 Family Purpurida. 
 
 Purpura lapillui (L.) 
 
 Buecinum lapiUu$, L. (1767). 
 
 Purpura lapUlut, Lamuclc (1822) ; et auct. 
 
 This species is said to be common at low-water in the Bay of Fondy and 
 Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, but its exact range in the River and Gulf of 
 St. Lawrence has yet to be ascertained. In the latter region it has long 
 been known to occur on the Uasp^ coast, from Oasp^ Bay to M^tis, and all 
 round the Island of Anticosti, but there are no records of its having been 
 taken on the north shore. Although recorded as a Greenland shell by 
 Fabricius and Moller, Packard failed to find it on the north shore of the 
 Gulf, near the Strait of Belle Isle, or on the Labrador coast. Its name is 
 not included in Miss Bush's list of the Mollusca dredged on the Labrador 
 coast by the Stearns expedition, and there are no specimens of it in the 
 collections made of late years in Hudson Bay and Strait. 
 
 In a fossil state P. lapillm is common in the English Pliocene. It is 
 found also in the Fleistocetie of Scandinavia and Maine, but its name does 
 not occur in Sir J. W. Dawson's latest list of Canadian Pleistocene fossils. 
 
 Family Columhellidm. 
 
 ASTTRIS ROSACEA (Gould). 
 
 Bueeitium rotaeeum, Gould (1840). 
 ColumUlla roiacea, Stimpson (1851). 
 Attyrit rotacea, U. and A. Adamii (185S). 
 
 Sparingly distributed throughout the entire region, in depths of from 8 
 to 60 fathoms. Miss Bush says that a few good specimens were taken at 
 12i 
 
180 
 
 L'Anie au Loup, in 18 fathoms, and at Henley Harbour, in 3 to 8 fathonw, 
 by the Stearni Labrador expedition in 1882. The specie* has been collected 
 in the Pleistocene beds of Riviere du Loup, and in gUcial deposits in Scotland. 
 Living examples of this shell, from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, have been 
 referred to Aifyris Uolbollii (=zFu»m HdboUii, Beck, in Mbller) on th* 
 authority of Jeffreys, but Verrill thinks that A. rotaeea is probably distinct 
 from A. Uolbollii, and even if the two shells should prove to be identical, 
 the former is much the older name. 
 
 Artvbis lunata (Say). 
 
 ITaua tunata, Say (1836). 
 Bveeinwn tunalum, C. B. Adams (1838). 
 Cdlutitbtlta lunata, Gould (1870). 
 Ail!in$ lunula, Dall (1870). 
 
 Shediac Bay (Whiteaves, 
 Winkley, 1888). 
 
 1873); Summerside, RRL (Rev. H. W. 
 
 Ill 
 
 nil 
 
 I i 
 
 AaTTRig Z0NALI8 (Linsley). 
 
 Buctinum zonati; Liniley (1846) ; no deKription ; and Gould (1848). 
 Columbella Mumilit, Stimpson (1861). 
 A$tyritzonali; Verrill (1872). 
 
 " This species occurred only once, but then in great numbers, at a haul of 
 the dredge on a sandy spot in 8 fathoms, about two miles north east of 
 Cheney's Head," Grand Manan Island (Stimpson). Dall, however, says that 
 Stimpson's C. dissimUit is a " rude purplish brown rather large northern 
 form of A. lunata," and that Linsley's Buccinnm zonalis is " a form in which 
 the brown coloration of the original lunata coalesces to form two or mor« 
 dark bands with lighter interspaces."* 
 
 Anachis HALiiETi (Jeffreys). 
 
 Columbella Balineti, Jeffrej-s (1867). 
 
 Anatkit Halutti, Verrill (1874). 
 
 Pi/rene cottulata, G. O. Sars (1878) ; but not Fur i cotlulatui, 
 
 Cantraine, fide Dall, and Norman. 
 Attachiteottulatu, Verrill (1880). 
 Anaehii htilmti, Dall (1889) ; and Norman (1899). 
 
 "South of Halifax, N.S., 9.T fathoma, 1877, and off Cape Cod, 67 to 96 
 fathoms, 1879,— U.S. Fish Commission SS. Speedwell" (Verrill). 
 
 * Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (1889) vol. xviii., pp. 189 and 190. 
 
181 
 
 Family Xantido!. 
 
 N^SBA ^IlTANA88A) OB80LRTA, Say. 
 
 JTatM dbtoleta, Say (1822) ; et auct. 
 nyattaua ol/toieta, SHmpwn (1866). 
 
 bt. Msry'H Bay, N.S. ( Verkrazeii) ; Annapolis Basin (J. M. Joneti) ; Minas 
 Basin (Ganong) ; North-west Arm, Halifax Harbour, — Pictou, Ac. (Willis). 
 Beach at Pointe du Chdne, N.B. (VVhiU-aveg) ; Sumaieraide, P.E.I. (Rev. H. 
 W. Wiokley); vicinity of Cape tiivsp^ (Bell). Verrill says that this species 
 has not been found in the Bay of Fundy, and it has not been found in the 
 Canadian Pleistocene. 
 
 Nassa (Tbitia) tkivittata. Say. 
 
 I/aua trivittata, Say (1822). 
 
 Tritia trivittata, H. and A. Adanu (18S8). 
 
 Bay of Fundy and Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, from low-water mark 
 to a depth of 60 fathoms. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence the species has 
 been taken at .several localities on both sides of Northumberland Strait, in 
 the Baie dea Cbaleurs as far up as Dalhousie, northward to Gasp^ Bay, 
 where Sir J. W. Dawson dredged specimens of it in 4 fathoms sand, near 
 the shore, in 1858. The writer has collecled similar specimens a little above 
 the village of Gaap^ Basin, where the water is brackish. 
 
 Family Biuxinidee. 
 
 BUCCINUM fNDATUM, L. 
 
 Buccinum vndatum, L. (1761) ; et auot. 
 Buccinum undulatum, Mollor (1842). 
 Buccinum Labradorense, Reeve (184ti). 
 
 Living specimens of a shell that i'4 practically indistinguishable from the 
 B. undatum of the British Islands and northern Europe, are not uncommon 
 locally throughout the entire region, at low-wat«r mark, and at depths down 
 to 170 fathoms or more. Some of these shells, too, attain to as large a size 
 as the largest British or Norwegian specimens. 
 
 Similar specimens have been dredged as far to the southward as the coast 
 of New Jersey, and on the Labrador coast Packard finds B. undatum " most 
 abundant just below low-water mark, where fine specimens, 3J inches long, 
 are frequent." Miss Bush, in her list of the Mollusca and Echinodermata 
 obtained by the Stearns expedition, says that it occurs abundantly along the 
 coast of Labrador in 1 to 15 fathoms ; and Dall, that several living specimens 
 were collected at Davis Inlet, Labrador, by L. M. Turner in 1882. 
 
18S 
 
 Sir J. W. Dawioa, who haa made a ipeoial wtndj <A th« recent and (omiI 
 BuocinuiM of eaatern Canada, says that B. undatum ia found foHil in the 
 Soxicava eand and Leda clay of Maine ; Duck Cove, St. John, N.B ; Anti- 
 eo«ti, Riviire du Loup ; and Labrador. In regard to the Canadian ipecimens 
 that he refen to B. undatum, ho odds the following remarks. " I cannot 
 satisfy myself that there is any good specific distinution between this shell 
 and B. undatum of the European seas and glacial beds. " It varies very 
 much in size, in slendemeso, in the fineness of the spiral striation, in the 
 deTelopment of the ribs, in the extension of the mouth, and in the thickness 
 of the she'' The coarser forms are B. Labradoricum, which passes into the 
 ordinary . ,datum. Medium varieties are B. undulatum, and smooth 
 varieties pass into B. eyamum and B. Totleni, which last is the eiliatum of 
 Gould."* 
 
 Bdccincm ToTTBKii, Stimpson. 
 
 u 
 
 
 ihiectnum ciltatum (pan) Gould (1841) ; but not Iritonium 
 
 eiliatum of O. Flbriciua. 
 ihiceinuin eHiaium, Uawaon (1867) ; non Fabriciua ; fide Verrill, 
 Buecinum Totitnii, Stinipann (1860) ; et suot. Am. 
 
 Little M^tis, Ti^doossac, and Murray Bay (Sir J. W. Dawson). Henley 
 Harbour, Ch&teau Bay, — and Temple Bay, Labrador, in 8 to 15 fathoms, 
 
 " three sl)gUs corresponding to the Canadian form from oflT M^tis," Steams 
 
 expedition (Miss Busb). 
 
 Fossil in the Saxicava sand and Leda clay at Riviere du Loup (Sir J. W. 
 Dawson). 
 
 In the remarks thai folio * the original de>'!cription, Dr. Stimpson says of 
 B. ToUenii that it is " allied to £. Humphrfynianum, but differs in its 
 plicated and more convex whurls, deeper transverse sculpture and want of 
 colour. It might be taken for a thin and delicate form of B. undulatum, 
 but is easily distinguished by the number and straightness of the longitudi- 
 nal plications of the spire-whorls, the more numerous and sharply cut trans- 
 verse ridges, and the wider mouth. From B. eiliatum it differs very much, 
 both in shape and in the want of a tooth-like fold on the columella. "f 
 Verrill, however, thi <ks that the B. Humphreysianum of Stimpson is not 
 B. Humphreysianum, Bennett, and calls the former B. Gouldii. Sir J. W. 
 Dawson says that B. Tott nii " is remarkable for its very regular spiral 
 lines, absence of folds, and convex whorU." 
 
 * The Canadian Ice Age, page 25.5. 
 Canadian Naturalist and Gcukigiat, New Serirs, vol. ii., pp. 385 and 366. 
 
m 
 
 Bcoomvii CTANEDMi Brugui^re. 
 
 TritoniuM undatum, O. Fatiricius I178U) ; non L. 
 
 fluwinumi'yonrum, BruguirH' (17112). 
 
 Biiecinum bortale. Leach {WV.t). 
 
 Buecinum Bumphrrynanum, Miillxr {l>t1si) ; nou Bennett. 
 
 Baeeinum kyt^ropAunum, }Uncock ( IMS). 
 
 Bmeinum tericntum, Hancock (lH4ti). 
 
 Buecinum tenebrotum, Hancock |ltM*l) ; mm Miillvr. 
 
 BuKinum undijalum, Hancuck (1M4<>I ; nun Mullvr. 
 
 Trilonium Uritnlandtcum, Aliirch (11*57). 
 
 Buecinum cjKinnim, Stimi«on (IW'iS) ; on whue authority the previoiu 
 
 ■ynonynii are given. 
 Buecinum (Iranlnndieuta, l>. O. 8ar» (1878) ; non Stimpnon. 
 
 Specimens of this species are recorded as having been dredged on the Le 
 Have Bunk, N.S., in 45 fathoms, on the U.S. Fish Commission SS. liache 
 in 1872, by Professor 8. I. Smith and Mr. O. Harger. Other records for 3. 
 eyaneum on the coast of Nova Scotia are as follows : " Off Cape Sable, N.S., 
 in 82 to 91 fathoms, fine compact sand, where it was common, and off 
 Halifax, in 100 fathoms " ; dredged by the 88. Speedwell, of the U.S. Fish 
 Commission, in the summer of 1877. " It has oft«n been brought in from 
 the banks off Nova Scotia " (Verrill, 1882; in Catalogue of Marine Mol- 
 lusca added to the Fauna of New England, etc , — in Trans. Conn. Aca<l. 
 Arts and Sc, vol. v, pp. 492 and 493). 
 
 Sir J. W. Dawson records the occurrence of recent specimens, that he 
 identifies with this species, at Little Jlctio, Tadoussac, and Murray Bay ; 
 and Dall says that a living specimen of B. cyaw.um was found on Labrador's 
 Reef, neur Fort Chimo, Ungava Bay, by L. M. Turner in 1883. 
 
 Sir J. W. l>awson says that B. cyanemn is abundant fossil in the Pleisto- 
 cene deposits at Uivitre dn Ixtup. 
 
 In reference to the specific name of this shell, Professor Verrill makes the 
 following remarks. " Mtirch, in adopting Grrtnfamlicnm for this .species, 
 simply took up a part of the polynomial name used by Chemnitz, which has 
 no claims to priority under the ordinary rules of binomi<il noineiicliiture- 
 "8timp.son, therefore, very properly rejected that name, as ajiplied to this 
 species, and adopted the first distinctive liiiiomial nani'^ given to it. 
 Jefireys has followed Mcirch in using D. Gnrnlandi'nm, an< /arious other 
 European writers have followed the same usai'e, apparently without 
 sufficient reason. This has given rise to much confusion, because Grirn- 
 lanrlieum has been extensively used for a very different species by Hancock, 
 Reeve, Stimpson, and other writers" (Verrilll, 1882 ; op. cit. p. 494). 
 
Ml 
 
 ill I 
 
 fioOOWm OTAlflUM, Tar. PrBDIX (or FlWHAMRUlfCM). 
 
 Trilonium grittnlaniitun, v«r. jirrrftx (Beck) Miirch (1H60). 
 
 TriUmium gnrnlotulitum, v»r. ^altrum, Miirch (1H89). 
 
 BaeeinHm finmankinnum (Verkrmen) Friele (1(177) ; •nd O. O. San (1878), 
 
 BwiXnitm iinrtilandieuM, y»r. JInmarekiiinam, Jeffreys (1880). 
 
 Biureinum ej/iineumi, variety, Prrdix nt Fintihirckiaiium, Verrill (1882). 
 
 FrofaMor Verrill (op, eit,, pp, 492 and 493) aay* that ipecimeni of B. 
 eyantum were dredged by the U, S. Fish CommiMion, on the Le Have Bank 
 in 1872, off Cape Sable, and off Halifax, N.S., in 1877, "Home of our ipeci- 
 ment," he add«, "belong to the dark variety t:niibrotum, Han. ; others are near 
 the variety Finmarchianum, Verkruzen. The variety ptrdix or glabra, 
 Mdrch (CaUl. Moll. Spitxberg., p. 14. 1869) ia probably the Mme thing aa 
 the latter." 
 
 BCCCIHVM CTANBUX, var, PATCLUM. 
 
 Buetlfun gmnlandieum, v«r. jMtWun, G. O. .Sara (1878). 
 Baeeinum ejiaiuum, var, fatulum, Verrill (1882), 
 
 " From Murray Bay, mouth of the St. Lawrence River, Principal Dawwn 
 has sent me specimens of a peculiar rather small form, belonging apparently 
 to this species. The aperture is unusually broarl, with the lip expanded and 
 patulous anteriorly, projecting decidedly beyond the columella. The surface 
 is eroded, but was nearly sniooth, without ribs, and with fine wavy, unequal 
 spiral lines, mostly indistinct ; one specimen has several larger, distant 
 raised spiral lines. The colour is dark brownish ; inside of aperture purplish 
 or livid brown," " Fossil in the Post-pliocene of Canada'" (Verrill ; op cit» 
 p. 494.) 
 
 BocciNUM TBNDB, Gray. 
 
 BiKVi'nHBi tenur. Gray (1839) ; teste Stimpaon, 
 Bmeinum Kahri/oriiie (Beck) MiiUer (1842). 
 
 " Dredged alive, in considerablr numbers, in^l877, by the U. S. 'S'ish 
 Commission SS. Speedwell, oflf Cape Sable, N.S., in 88 to 91 fathoms, on a 
 bottom of fine compact sand, associated with B. ryaneum and Sipho pubesceru. 
 Also off Cape Sable, 22 miles, .59 fathoms ; aouth of Halifax Harbour 21 
 fathoms, 9 living young; off Halifax, 9 to 12 miles, 42 to 92 fathoms. It 
 had not been found so far south previously. These specimens all belong to 
 a small race of the species" (Verrill ; op. cit., p. 495). 
 
 The typicil form had previoui<ly been dredged at many localities in the 
 Gulf and mouth of the River St. Liwrence, by 'the writer, and Sir J. W. 
 Dawson, and just inside of the Strait of Belle Isle by Packard. In the 
 writer's experience, B. lenue is the commonest species of Buccinum in the 
 Galf of St. Lawrence, at depths of from about 10 to 60 fathoms. It occurs 
 
Itto 
 
 in CMh of the ooUection* made at Port Barw^ll •nd Ashe Inlet, Hudion 
 Strait, by Dr. Ball ia 1884. 
 
 Hir J. W. Dawton laya that it ii " much more plentiful in th? Flei.4tocene 
 bAdii " of eMtern Canada, t. n ai: a living «hell, and that in a ioHil ttate it 
 has been found at St. John, etc., N.B.; at Riviere du Loup, Labrador and 
 Greenland. 
 
 BucciNi'M ciLUTUM (Fabricidt). 
 
 Trilonium ci7ta(um, U. Fkbriciiia U7iM) ; tnt» Htim|iwm *n<1 Vorrill. 
 Bueeiiiuw. eiliatwm, M»ll«r ( 1!M2). 
 
 Butcinum eiHatum, Uould (IMl Mid 1H7U) ; in put only, not 
 the 6gur<( (Verrill). 
 
 " Dr. Stimpson mentions a specimen from Nova Scotia received from Mr. 
 J. R. Willis, but the collection of Mr. Willis was largely derived from the 
 bank fisheries, and his specimen may have come from the (irand Rank ' 
 (Verrill ; op. cit., pp. 498 and 499). Jeffreys has identified with this species 
 a specimen dradged by the writer in 1871, north of the Island of Anticosti, 
 in 112 fathoms; and Sir J. W. Dawson says that he has collected recent 
 specimens of J9. cUiatum off liittle M^tis, at Riviere du Loup and Murray 
 Bay. Miss Bush also includes the name of this species in her "Catalogue of 
 the MoUusca and Echinodermata dredged on the coast of Labrador by the 
 Stearns expedition," and says that " this species was found in 3 to 8 fathoms 
 at Henley Harbour." 
 
 Sir J. W. Dawson records B. eilialnm as having been found fossil in the Post- 
 Pliocene deposits at Riviere du Loup and Montreal. 
 
 According to Stimpson " the appressed form of the shell, narrow, some- 
 what canaliculated aperture, and the tooth on the columella, are its prominent 
 characters." * 
 
 BuociKUM OouLDii, Verrill. 
 
 Buccinum cUiatum (pan) Uuiild, 1841, fig. 209; and 1K70, fig. Ciftr 
 Buceinvm Humphr€ii$ianum, Stitnjnun (1865); non IVnnctt. 
 Buccinum fjmti'lii, Verrill (1882). 
 
 "This name is proposed, provisionally, for the shell figured \>y Gould 
 (ed. 1), and described as B. Humphrey»innum by Dr. .Stimi>.sori. It differs 
 from the European species, of that name, as already mentioiK'tl by Jeffreys 
 and others, in having a ciliated epidermis and in other ch.iracters. 
 
 " This shell is remarkable for its swollen, rounded whorls, the deep 
 excavation of the columella-Iip, the anterior expansion of the rounded outer 
 lip, and the thinness and nearly smooth surface of the ishell. 
 
 " This shell may, perhaps, prove to be only a variety of some previously 
 known species. In that case Gouldii may still be used as a variety name, 
 ' Canadian Naturalist and Oeologist, New Serien, vol. ii,, p. 374. 
 
:'hS 
 
 ' ii 
 
 3 ii 
 
 •f: 
 
 186 
 
 to dMiffuU Um form. It dow not »| pMr to oorrMpond with My o( Um 
 fomu dflMrilMd bjr Eu;x>peMt writera. 
 
 " A •pocimni that I tappoM to bo th« yonng of tbb ipaciet U • mmUI, 
 Tory thin, tnuuluomt, p«l« y«llow, (inooth ■bell, with on acuu ipire, • very 
 •maX\, rogul*rly spiral nncleaa, Ave oonrex whorU, imprt.. -d lutur*, and 
 "xeoTated oolumella-Hp. The whorl* are evenly rounded and with faint 
 tracw of »hallow spiral lii.-«, no undulatiomk Thi» waa dredgpd by MeMn. 
 Smith and Harger, on Le Have Bank, 60 fathoni, in 1872. Thi» may 
 poasil.ly be the young of B. AyoropAonum." (Varrill; op. dt., pp. 497 and 
 
 BuccIIfCM OLACULI, L. 
 
 Btutinum glofiale, L. (17M); etkoct. 
 Bueetnum rarinntwM, Phipr« (1774). 
 rritoniuM glMialr, O. i'kbriciui (17801 
 
 Off Little M.iti^ and Murray Bay, .Sir J. W. Dawson ; Bonaventare 
 laland, off Pdrcr, at low- water, one upecimen collected by T. Curry, in 1872- 
 Aihe Inlet, Hudwn Strait, one speoinien of the doable-keeled variety, 
 drwlged by Dr. R. Bell in !S84; Greenland, Fabriciui; Alatka, Dall. 
 
 In a foL 1 Htate B. glaeialt has been found in the Pleiiitocene depoaita 
 at Black Point, N.B.; at Anticoeti, Riviere da Loup, and Montreal, P.Q.; 
 and at Labrador. 
 
 According to Sir J. \V. Dawion, B. glaeialt "has the aperture somewhat 
 like that of B. ciliatum, and a very peculiar scalp^ure of spiral itnn with 
 intervening band marke<l with flner striw. It has also a crnna angulating 
 the body horl and sometimes more than one. In the latter case it paasea 
 into B Orwnlandieum, Hancock (not Chemnitz) or B. Haneocki, Morch." 
 " The ordinary variety is moet common in the modern Oulf (of St Lawrence), 
 the latter in the Arctic seas and in the Pleistocene. This shell, usually 
 much decorticated, is the most common Buceinum in the Pleistocene of 
 Montreal.* 
 
 In his latest list of Canadian Pleistocene fossils, and immediai ily after 
 the four lines last quoted. Sir J. VV. Dawson cites Bitecinum plectrum, 
 Stimpson, as occurring recent at Portland, Maine, and Murray Bay ; and 
 fossil at Riviere du Loup. The types of B. plectrum are from the Arctic 
 Ocean north of Behring's Sea, and Dall has since found specimens of it on the 
 coast of Alaska. It appears to be the only true Buceinum that has yet been 
 found in the seas of British Columbia, and its occurrence on the Atlantic 
 coast of North America would seeui to require conKrmation. In the Museum 
 of the Hurv(fy there are three recent and fresh specimens from M^ns labelled 
 B. plectrnm on Sir J. W. Dawson's authority, but it is difficult to see how 
 these can be distinguished from the Labrador specimen of B. ToUeni, 
 
 ' The Caniulian Ice A(fe, Montreal, 1893, page 257. 
 
 I 
 
187 
 
 StimpMn, that MIm Both flgurw on Pl»t» ix. of th« •i«th toIuib* of 
 ProoMdinga of tho U. 8. NatioMl MoMum. Under the hMding of B. 
 pUetrum, too, Sir J. W. Diiwnon exprwued tie opinion that only «▼• of 
 the Bacolnunw found living in the Oulf of St. Uwrenc*. on th.< coMt of 
 the Maritime Prorinow, or in the Plelntooene depcita of eiwtern Canada, 
 tI*., B. unthtum (undi^atum), B. eyon«Mm(<7r.rrt/ct«rfi.-ttm, auct), fl '"•"«. 
 B. eiliatvm, and B. glaeinlt, are probably entitlml to rank na "diatinct ape. itio 
 types." 
 
 OucoiNUM DosovAWi, Oray. 
 
 Suetinun gUuMt, Donnvan (17(»9) ; liray (1834) ; ami Brown {MOD ! 
 
 but nut B. iilaniilr, L. (I75H). 
 Jtiuiriiiufn lioHnmni dray UH3U) s ct aiict. 
 iluen'iiuin <t((iu(o(Hn, Ktnrs (1N47). 
 rrthmiMm Dunorani, Morvli 0M^7). 
 
 Oft Little M^tia (Sir J. W. IMwuon) ; Bank* of Newfoundland (Stimp- 
 aon) ; Henley Harbour, Chateau Bay, f^brador, at low-water and 16 fathoma, 
 Stenrna expedition (Miaa Buah) ; Ureenland (Murch). 
 
 " The B. Dtmovani ia % apecioa of very recent origin and haa not, I Iwliere, 
 been found anywhere in a foasil atate. It differj from B. glaciale in iU 
 elongated form, more convex whorla, more concave columellar lip, and more 
 oonvtix apiral rid)(ea. The uncariuattd variety miy ba di!>tinguiMhed from 
 B. undalum by the character of the apiral grooving, the diatinction between 
 the primary and aecondary groovea being far more atrongly marked than in 
 that apeoies. The Buennum DonmHtni in Mr. Bella Hat of the shells of the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence ia the Fmim Kroytri of MOeller " * (Stimpson, 1866). 
 
 NXPTUNRA DK8PKCTA, var. TOBNATA, Uould. 
 
 i>'uju< torna u>. liuulrl (I83!l, 1H41 awl 11*70). 
 Ifrptiinea drtiKr'n (Ij.) fumia tiipien, (J. O. 3ar» (187*). 
 Ifei^HMn deipnia, vm. tontala, Verrill (1882). 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence north of the B lie des Chaleur<, and mouth of the 
 P' -r St. Lawreno*-, in from 10 to 60 fathoms. The writer has dr<'dge<l tliis 
 c a sparingly on the Orphan Bank and in Oasp«^ liay ; Hell haa obtained it 
 I . St. Anne and at Rimouski Village : Hir J. W. Dawson has dredge.l -nany 
 large specimens off Little M(5tis ; Verrill, a •' large dead shell,' at the 
 Mingan Islands ; and Packard, " a large speciinei tenanted by a hermit 
 crab," on the north shore of the Oulf, off Carilwu Is! nd, just inside of the 
 Strait of Belle Isle. 
 
 This variety of X detpeeta has been found fossil in Pleistocene deposits 
 at New Richmond, River Charles, Ac, N.B. ; at Riviere du I^up, Murray 
 
 Bay, Q"-bec, and Montreal, P.Q. ; and at Labrador. 
 
 ' Canudia-i yaturalitt and Geologint, Nvw St^rien, vol. ii, p. 370. 
 
IM 
 
 NirroxM drc»io(wtata (ftejr), 
 
 /■mm rfmwotMM, M*]r (iKMh •! wkl 
 
 rri«p„i,iH AM»ea,<al»ii», Htiin|iMa (1M||, bat |i«rh»|M not of 
 
 MiddciKtorf. 
 ITtrtunm ilMrmaoMata, H. Mid A. Mum OHM). 
 
 fi«jr o« Fundjr •nd AtUntic ooMt of Nov. Scotk, from low-w.ur to 45 
 Uthomi, but not oertdnly kaown to occur m hr northw^rt m th« Oulf of 
 Bt. Ltwr.no* The " Ckry.odomut dm>,mci>,la>u, " of the wriUr'i li.t of 
 mollu«» dr«Jg«l off Or.nde Orive in 1867 i. crUinly not th.t .pMie. bt.1 
 A. i^*imta, r.r. tomato, and it U mo«t probabl. that th« jp^iimeiw collwt«l 
 ^ LogM "••r C.pe Omp< i„ 1844 .nd ref.rrwl by Bell to Futu, decmcc 
 Mu», »re .Iw Jir. tornala. Verkruxe i ..y. th.t he found r.rietie. of X 
 a«MmcoH»la, with nine, eleven Md tw.lv* rib., .t AnnapolU fiaiin. N 8 
 bot th.t tbw. .re very r.re. -. • •. 
 
 VoLVTonii NoHVBoicA (Cbemnlu). 
 
 /\tnu ( roluloiuiHi) norrfffieu$, Miirch (1M7). 
 ralutoptiii Homgiea, O. O. H«n {1«78) i t ituet. 
 
 One living but immiturespeoiuien of tbii very r.re ihell wu dr«laed 
 by the writer on th. Br.delle Bank in 1873; .„d.n«lult. br, very much 
 water worn example wm token off Bonaventure Iiland in 187'> 
 
 In the Proceeding, of the U. 8. National Mu«,um for 1880 (page 303) 
 D.U clatm. that the generic name Stro,nM/a, Gray, should be preferred to 
 th. of '»'»*»;'•;«'. Morch. (,ince changed to Vclutopsu), but V^rfU «y. 
 that Strombella " bad been preoccupied." 
 
 SiPHo STiiii>«>si (Morch). 
 
 r<iiu, eomeu; 8»y (18S1) j non Linn^, PeuDMt, 4o. 
 /^•Ki Iilandiru; Oould (1841) ; non L. 
 Tritonium /t/andioum (Loven) Htimiwin (1883). 
 /'uo/iAiM/Moni, .March (1807). 
 Fututcurtus, .JeHn-yi (1867). 
 Iftplunca eurla, Verrill (1873). 
 SipkoSUmptmi, Verrill (1881). 
 
 Bay of Fundy, from low-Witer to 80 fathom^ Atlantic coMt of Nov. 
 Scotia, and Sabl, t ,d. i„ t^e Oulf of St. Lawrence, a .mall Hvi„„ 
 epecimen (aK,u. aim. in length) dredged by the writer in 1871 off 
 Charieton Point. Anticosti, in 112 fathom,, i. apparently referable to thU 
 specie*, though one of the specimens formerly referred by the writer to S 
 curtut clearly belongs to the species .since desoribad by Verrill as S. pubencent 
 
1 89 
 
 81PH0 OwuHi (FritUX 
 
 }frftu»m IMuiaiti, rrirla (I" 
 ttpko tMHani, Varriil (IN'- 
 
 '^') I tv typ, •rriir Ummhw. 
 
 A ■pMimcn, whioh Pruf«Mor Vxrrill bu iJentiflcd with thb (pcciM, wm 
 cJrwlged at Murntjr Bajr by Hir J. W. Dawnon, itn<I i* now in the Kedpcth 
 MuMutD at Montrml. Tha only olhar ■peviroen o( thi* ihall that ha* bacn 
 rwmrd*'! from Aiu«rioan watcre, " wan obtained near the Grand Hank in IbO 
 fathomn and preMnted to tin U. 8 '-'inli Commi'Mion by Capt. McCormiok 
 ■nd crew, lohaooer Wachiuelt of th^. Olouoeiter dihing tieet" (Verrill). 
 
 8tPiio P(;HEf>ciiiii, Verrill. 
 
 IfefluHn prnfinijva, V«-rrill (WHIi r.(Hi .\ld»r. 
 Jfrplunen {Sipho) finpiitqtM, Wrrill (IHMI). 
 Sipho pdbttettu, Vrnill (IHH'.M. 
 
 "Off Cape Sable, N.8., in 8H to 01 fathom*, flne rompact land, where it 
 ocean in ro /rlerable nunibera, living ; and off Halifax, 43 fathom*, dead"; 
 U. 8. FUh c omtiuion 8.8. Speedw«-)l, 1H77 (Verrill). North ihore of the 
 (}ulf of 8t. Lawrence, off Ekx Island (between Pointede* Monts and Seven 
 Idanil Bay) in 70-80 fathouus aandy mud, one adult living iipecimen, dredged 
 by the writer in 1871. 
 
 8ipno pvoN.r.UB (Uould). 
 
 Fiuui Ittandifiii, su. pwwrut, llnulH (1811). 
 
 Tritiinium pjitiMiium, Htiiiii>a<>n (IHftl). 
 
 tffpliinm (.iiphn) i,)/ff)nmi, il. and A. Aduna (tMSR). 
 
 Fi'Kit puifnurui, Oi>«lil (W70). 
 
 yeptunm ( KrpliiHilla) pyip.mn, Verrill (1873). 
 
 Hiphn pj^gwitiit, Wrrill (IHH'.'). 
 
 Bay of Fundy, Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, ' Gulf of St. lAwrence 
 as far to the north-vard at least /ts Ga<ip<' Bay, wl the writer has dredged 
 it, livinir, in about 30 fathutnn. The sprcici i- common on the New England 
 coast, and according to Wrrill, it* batl . letrical range is from low.water to 
 430 fathoms. 
 
 8ii-.., . PITZUSR()E^HI8( Reeve). 
 
 J'Situi Spilibtrtjrvth, Re«ve (It^S."!). 
 ITtfitunra fSiihn) ttrthmlir, (Jmihl (IHflo). 
 Siplio /iitr/iu.(M.irch) Verrill (ISfWi. 
 ('hrjiiodmiut Spitzhnjinait, l)aU(l)4M>). 
 
 A few living specimens of this shell were dredge ' by the writer in Oasp^ 
 Bay in 1871 ; in CO fiitliuins oS Bunnventure Island, in 1872 ; and un the 
 
190 
 
 Orphan brak in 1873. Sir J. W. Dkwaon hM dredgMl fine living exunplM 
 of the same Mhell at Murray Bay and M^tis. Mis* Bash saya that " two 
 good though dead, specimens were found at Henley Harbour in 8 fathoms, 
 and Dead Island, near Square Island, in 1 to 4 fathoms " by the Steams 
 Labrador expedition in 1882. T)all, also, sUtes that " one imperfect speci- 
 men " was found by L. M. Turner in 1883 "on the upland near FortChimo, 
 Ungava Bay," where it bad doubtless been carried by the ravens as is their 
 wont" 
 
 Sir J. W. Dawson states that a single small specimen of this shell has 
 been found in the Pleistocene deposits at Montreal. 
 
 SiPHo VBNTRicoscs (Gray). 
 
 r>uu$ verUriconu, Ony (18S9) ; and Gould (1841 ud 1870). 
 
 Septunta vcntricon. Verrill (1879). 
 
 Sipko rentricotu$, Tryon (1881) ; and Verrill (1882). 
 
 Bay of Fundy, one specimen (Verkruien) ; Sable Island, Willis (Gould, 
 1870;. 
 
 Tritonofubub Kbotibi (M6ller). 
 
 ftuut Kroyeri, MoUer (1842) ; tMte Stimpson (1865). 
 
 FtMu(Tritoitofutu$) Kroyeri, Morch (1857). 
 
 Bueeinum erttaeeum (Reeve) Packard (1863). 
 
 Bueeinofttnu Kroyeri, Wfaitearra (1869). 
 
 TriUmo/utui Kroftri, Whiteave* (1872) ; aln Verrill (1879 and 1882). 
 
 Northern portion of the Gulf and mouth of the River St Lawrence, at 
 depths of from about 10 to 60 or 60 fathoms; also coast of Labrador 
 in from 3 to 10 fathoms. In the former region it has been dredged on 
 the Orphan Bank and in Gasp^ Bay by the writer; in Salmon Bay 
 (on the north shore of the Gulf, just inside of the Strait of Belle Isle) 
 by Packard ; oflF Little M^tis, by Sir J. W. Dawson ; and Dr. Bell (who 
 referred his specimens to Bttocinum Donowmi) says that the 8pecie8 
 occurs at "several localities" (on the Gasp^ coast) "below St Flavie." 
 On the Labrador coast, Miss Bush says that specimens were dredged in 
 Henley Harbour and Temple Bay, in 3 to 10 fathoms, by the Steams expedi 
 tion ; and two immature and dead examples of this shell were collected on 
 the beach between Hamilton Inlet and Sandwich Bay, by Mr. Low in 
 1894. 
 
 In a fossil state the species has been recorded by Sir J. W. Dawson as 
 occurring in the Pleistocene deposits of New Richmona and River Charles 
 N.B.; of Riviere du Lonp, P.Q.; and Labrador. 
 
191 
 TRrroHorosus latbbioiub (Moller). 
 
 r\uui laterieeut, MoU«r (1843). 
 fuMut (TriUmofitnu) l<Uerieev$, Moivh (18S7). 
 Tritonofutm laterieeut, WhitnavM (1873). 
 Sipko taterietu$, Verrill (1883). 
 
 Bradelle Bank, Gulf of St Lawrence, one adnlt living specimen, dredged 
 
 by the writer in 1873 ; Greenland, Moller ; northern coast of Norway aud 
 
 Finmark (20 to 30 fathoms) ; and Spitzbergen (146 to 357 fathoms). 
 
 Tbitohofcbus srRTSNSis (Packard). 
 
 futut nrtensit, P»ck»rd (1867). Mem. Bolton Soc. N»t. Hi«t., vol I, 
 
 p. 288. 
 IVi(ona/iMu( lyWennt, VeRilU1882). Trans. Conn. Ac»d. ArtaandSc., 
 vol. V, p. m. 
 This species, which is based upon a single specimen " dredged on a shelly 
 bottom in thirty fathoms. Square Island Harbour," Labrador, by Dr. 
 Packard in 1864, may yet be discovered in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.) 
 
 Family Fundvt. 
 Ptychatbactus lioatus (Mighels). 
 
 ' FaKiUaria ligata, Mighels and Adams (1842) ; and Gould (1870). 
 Ptyckatraetut ligatue, Stimpann (1866) ; et auct. 
 
 " Mingan, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, taken from the stomachs of codfish, 
 by Mr. Foster, fisherman, in summer of 1841 " (Mighels and Adams). 
 
 The species has since been taken at the following Canadian localities : 
 fishing banks off Halifax, "very rare" (Willis); Bay of Fundy, 15 to 60 
 fathoms (Verrill) ; Oasp^ Bay, in 30 fathoms stones, one living adult speci- 
 men, dredged by the writer in 1871 ; Mingan, Foote (Verrill) ; and Murray 
 Bay (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 Sir J. W. Dawson, also, has obtained a " sinele mutilated specimen in 
 the Pleistooene deposits at Montreal. 
 
 TOXOOLOSSA. 
 
 Family Caneellaridce. 
 
 Admbte Couthouti (Jay). 
 
 Caneeltaria bwrimidet, Couthouy (1838) ; non C. buecinoidet, 
 
 Sowerby (1832). 
 Admete Couthmi/i, Jay (1839) ; and Gould (1841). 
 Admete eriipa, Moller (1842). 
 
 Admete mridula, Stimpeon (1863) ; non rrt'tontum viridtdum, 
 O. FabriciuB (1780). 
 Throughout the entire region, at depths of from 10 to 60 fathoms. Speci- 
 mens dredged by Sir J. W. Dawson at M^tis are a little more than 21 milli- 
 
! 
 
 m 
 
 metrea in length. The apeoies has been collected at four localities on the 
 Labrador coast (where it oocnrs in a little shaUower water) by the Stearns 
 expedition in 1882 ; at Ashe Inlet, Hudson Strait, by Dr. R. Bell in 1884 ; 
 and it had previously been recorded as a Greenland shell by Fabricius and 
 Mdller. It has also been collected in the Pleistocene deposits at the 
 Chaudiere Station, near Quebec, and at Montreal. 
 
 According to Moroh & Dall, the original type of Trilonium viridulum, O. 
 Fabricius, as well as the De/rancia viridula of MoUer, both of which are 
 founded on the same specimen in the Museum at Copenhagen, is a £tla like 
 B. exarata, and not an Admete. 
 
 Family Turridm. 
 
 Qenus Beta, Leach. 
 
 The nomenclature of the Belas of this region has long been in a state of 
 confusion, owing to the imperfect original descriptions and very inadequate 
 illustrations of the New England and Greenland species, with which most of 
 the Gulf of .St. Lawrence forms are identical In 1878, however, the Norwegian 
 species were accurately figured by O. O. Bars, and more recently Professor 
 Verrill and Miss Bush have made a special study of the North American 
 Belas, and have kindly examined and determined all the Canadian species 
 that the writer was able to send specimens of. In this list, therefore, the 
 names of nearly all the species are given on their authority. 
 
 |!| 
 
 Bkla NOBILIS (Moller). 
 
 Dtfraneia iwhilh, Moller (1842). 
 Behi iiMlii, Packard (1867). 
 
 A large living specimen dredged by the writer in 1871 on the north shore 
 of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, off Egg Island, in 70-80 fathoms, has recently 
 been identified with this species by Profp^-sor Verrill. The specimen is very 
 nearly an inch in length. Packard, in 1867, had previously recorded the 
 occurrence of B. nobilis an the "^jvbrador coa-t, but states that it "differs 
 from B. Americana and B. turricuta (of which we would scarcely consider 
 it a variety) in its fewer and larger ruga-, with less distinct revolving lines." 
 The specimens from off Grande Greve, Gasp^ Bay, that the writer referred 
 to B. nohilit in 1869, Professor Verrill and Miss Bush think represent an at 
 present undescribed species. 
 
 A considerable difference of opinion still exists among naturalists as to 
 the distinctness or otherwise of certain real or nominal species of the B. 
 turrieula group. In his account of the Valorous Molluscs Jeffreys writes 
 as follows, in regard to B. turric.tUa :— "The sculpture is extremely variable. 
 
19S 
 
 H«Ting before me a large number of specimens from various parts of the 
 North Atlantic, and after a careful examination and comparison of types of 
 several soHjalled species, both recent and fossil, I am convinced that the fol- 
 lowing must be conHidered synonyms of the present species : Dafraneia 
 nobUit, Kolaria and Woodiana of MiiUer, Tritonmm roseum of M. Sars, Bela. 
 Amerieani of Packard, and Pleurotoma Dowtoni and robutla of 8 V. Wood. 
 P. harpularia of Couthouy may be distinct, but it is questionable.* 
 
 Influenced no doubt by Jeffreys' opinion, Sir J. W. Dawson says that 
 he includes under the name B. turricula—" £. nobilU of Moller; B. 
 A:erieana, Packard; B. acalarU, Moller; B. exarata, Moller, Morch ; and 
 B. angiUata, Reeve." t 
 
 And, lastly, in his "Revision of British Mollusca," the Rev. Canon 
 Norman quite recently quotes Jeffreys' views on this point, and adds the 
 following comments on them. '• I urn myself inclined to regard B. tcalaru 
 and B. nobilis as forms of turrictda ; and, judging from Searles Wood's figures, 
 P. Dowsoni and robusta are also referable to it. I would, moreover, include 
 B. exarata, but hesitate as to A ro»ea, and I doubt if the shell so called by 
 Sars has been found in our seas, though Jeffreys i -cords it from Oban." J 
 
 Bbla scalaris (Moller). 
 
 Fumt turrwula, Gould (1841) ; non Montagu, up. 
 
 Ikfmncia tralarit, Miller (1H42). 
 
 BfUi Aiiterieatia, Packard (1867) ; fide Verrill. 
 
 Btla turricuh, Gould (1870). 
 
 Beta tciUarit, G. O. .SarB (1,S78). 
 
 "Not uncommon at EHstport, Me., and in the Bay of Fundj, where I 
 dredged it in 1864, 1865, 1868, 1870, 1872, at various localiljes, in 10 to 
 90 fathoms. Halifax Harbour, 25 fathoms, and off Halifax, 59 to 100 
 fathoms, 1877. Labrador specimens were sent to me by Dr. A. 8. Packard, 
 jr., as B. turriaila a-'d B. Americana. This is our largest species of Be/a. 
 Its ringe is from off Cape Cod to Labrador, Greenland and northern 
 Europe" (Verrill, 1882 ; Tranf. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sc, vol. v., p. 472). 
 The specimens from off Grande Greve, Gaspe Bay, that have been referred 
 to this species by the writer, are now regarded as small individuals of B. 
 harpularia. 
 
 * Annals and Magazine of Natural History for April, 1877, Ser. iv., vol. xix., np S.'Jl 
 and 332. 
 
 t The Canadian Ico Age, p. 250. 
 
 X Annals and Magazine of Natural History for Auguat, 1899, Ser. vii, vol. iv., p. 132. 
 lo 
 
BiLA IXARATA (M(»ller). 
 
 Dtijrmuia onrato, MdUer (VMH). 
 
 Beta exarala, H. Mid A. Aduu (1868)} O. O. Swi (1878) ; et auot 
 
 "Seal Cove, Unuid Mmuui IiImuI, 6 to 8 fathom* (8 specimens) H. E. 
 Webster, 1872. Halifax Harbour, stations 72, 73, in 18 fathoms, 1877^ 
 U. S. Fish Clommission " (Verrill, 1882 ; op. oit. p. 468. 
 
 Off Grande (irAve, Oasp^ Bay, dredged by the writer in 1867. "Common 
 along the whole coast" of Labrador (Packard). "Three were dredged at 
 L'Anse au Loup " (on the north side of the Strait of Belle Isle) " with sand 
 and kelp " by the Steams' expedition, according to Miss Bush. 
 
 B«LA ooNciNNULA, Verrill. 
 
 Afa atarata, Verrill (pun) ; 1880. , 
 JMa coneinntito, VerrUl (1882). 
 
 "Halifax Harbour, 16 to 21 fathoms ; and off HaUfax, 42 fathoms, 1877. 
 The specimens from Labrador were sent as B. ^ arala by Dr. A. S. Packard 
 jr. This shell is closely allied to Beta txarata, and may ultimately prove U, 
 be only a variety of the Utter, as I formerly supposed, but it differs much 
 in appearance from the form that I have described as the true B. exarala. 
 The spire u much longer ; the whorh are flatter and more regularly tnrreted 
 with more regular nodules on the shoulder; the riba are smaller, mor^ 
 ..gular and more numerous; the spiral cinguli are more numerous, and so 
 nearly equal to the riba as to produce a very regular cancellation; the 
 aperture u larger and longer, with a narrower and decidedly longer canal " 
 
 "The shell figured by O. 0. Sars as B. exarata strongly resembles this 
 species in general form and sculpture, and in the uncini, but it has a shorter 
 aperture and a wide, open canal, very unlike that of our shell. Whether 
 Sars' shell is identical with the true B. exarala is doubtful, for that was 
 described as having a short spiro, while his shell has a lone spire" ^ Verrill 
 1882 ; op. cit., pp. 469 and 470). » f v 
 
 The Rev. Canon Norman, in the fourth part of his recent " Revision of 
 BritUh MoUusca,"* places B. eoncinnula among the synonyms of B 
 emrata, 
 
 Bbla mithula (Loven). 
 
 Tritonmm mitrula Loven (1846). 
 
 BtUt mitrula, G. O. S«ra (1878). 
 
 Btla eoncinnula, var. acuta, Verrill (1882). 
 
 " Several specimens, agreeing closely with those of Europe, sent by Dr 
 Fnele, were found at Forteau Bay, 20 fathoms, and L'Anse a u Loup, 10 to 
 * AnnsU ud tlaguine of NatunU Hi.tory for August, 1899, Ser. vii.. voL iv., p. 132. 
 
196 
 
 19 fathoms "—on the north side of the Strait of Belle Iile, by the Steama 
 expedition (Miu Bush). Bat B. mitrula is also included among the 
 synonyms of B. exarata by the Rev. Canon Norman. 
 
 Bela Woodiana (MoUer). 
 
 Dtfmncia Woodiana, Miiller (1842). 
 Btla Woodiana, Pwkwd (1867). 
 
 Coast of Xova Scotia (Verrill) ; Salmon Bay, Caribou Island, in 16 
 fathoms (Packard). 
 
 "Defraveia Woodiana, MoUer, from Greenland, has been considered as 
 identical with Bela harpularia (Couthouy) by several authors. MoUer's 
 description is of no value. I have seen no Greenland examples of B. 
 harpularia, and as it becomes decidedly rarer to the northward, on our coast, 
 its occurrence at Greenland seems to me doubtful. It becomes comparatively 
 rare in the Bay of Fundy and off Nova Scotia, where it is mostly replaced 
 by B. eanedlata, B. letUarii, and other more arctic forms. A somewhat 
 similar shell, which I have identified as B. Woodiana, occurs on the coast of 
 Greenland, from whence I have specimens, and on the coast of Nova Scotia ; 
 this is probably the Greenland shell that has been taken for B. harpularia 
 by various writers." The shells described and figured by Prof. G. O. Bars 
 as B. harpularia and its variety, rosea, do not appear to mt> tr> be identical 
 with the true B. harpularia. " His shell has a different aperture, the 
 whorls are more decidedly and squarely shouldered, and the ribs fewer and 
 more Mstant. It is possibly the shell mentioned above as probably B. 
 Woodiana" (VerriU, 1882; op. cit, pp. 474 A 475.) 
 
 Bbla rabpclaria (Couthouy. 
 
 Futui harpularitti, Couthouy (1838) ; and Gould (1841). 
 Btla harpularia, H. snd A. Adams (lC"i8) ; and Gould (1870) ; no.i 
 G. O. San. 
 
 According to Professor Verrill " this species ranges from Long Island 
 Sound to Nova Scotia, but is less common northward. It becomes compara- 
 tively rare in the Bay of Fundy and off Nova Scotia, where it is mostly 
 replaced by B. cancellata, B. scalaris and other more arctic forms." Pro- 
 fessor Verrill also says ttiat it has been taken by the U. S. Fish Commission 
 at Eastport, Me., and in the Bay of Fundy, in from 10 to 50 fathoms in 
 1870 and 1872 ; at Halifax harbour, N.S., in 20 fathoms, and off Halifax. 
 190 fathoms, in 1877 ; and by Smith and Harger, on the Bache in 1872, o 
 the Le Have Bank, N.S. As already stated, the specimens dredged off 
 Grande Grive and formerly referred to B, sealarit by the writer, have been 
 13i 
 
106 
 
 identified with B. harptUaria by ProfeMor Verhll. In the writer's judg- 
 ment, alio, moet if not all of the specimens referred to B. harpularia by Sir 
 J. W. Dawson, in his list of Pleintocene fossils in the " Canadian loe Age," 
 are the shell now called B. eincelleUa, var. Caruxdemit, by Professor Verrill 
 and Miss Bukh. 
 
 Bujk ROSEA, Sars. 
 
 U. O. Smn (1878). 
 
 Beta karpHtarinf var. 
 Stln roK», Verrill (1882). 
 
 " Halifax Harbour, 15 to 20 fathoms ; off Halifax, nine miles, 57 fathoms ; 
 U.S. Fish Commission, 1877 " (Verrill, who, however, regards it, with B. 
 elegaiu and B. angtUoia, ar species that are " atill doubtful "). Forteau Bay, 
 20 fathoms; L'Anse au Loup, 10 fathoms; Henley Harbour, 10 t 15 
 fathoms ; Temple Bay, 10 fathoms ; and Dead Island, near Square Island, 
 Labrador, 2 to 4 fathoms ; Stearns expedition (Miss Bush). 
 
 Bela AuauLOSA, Sara. 
 
 " From Principal J. W. Dawson I have received a shell dredged by him 
 off M^tis, mouth of the St. Lawrence River, which agrees very closely n-itb 
 Sars' description and figure of this species " (Verrill, 1882 ; op. cit., p. 480). 
 
 Bbla Oculdii, Verrill. 
 
 f Btta rugiilata, U. O. Sara (1878) ; non Reeve. 
 Belli ruijuUitn, Verrill (1880). 
 Beh Umtldii, Verrill (1882). 
 
 " Taken by the U.S. Fish Commission at Halifax Harbour and Bedford 
 Basin, in 16 to 41 fathoms, 187'/. " I have seen no specimen from further 
 north" (Verrill, lfS-2; op. cit, p. 466). Quite recently, however, Pro- 
 fessor Verrill has recognized a single specimen of a variety of B. (j'ouldii, 
 among sp3cimens dredged by the writer off Grande Greve, Gaip^ Bay, in 
 1867. 
 
 Bbla Pinoelii (Moller). 
 
 Dtfraneiii Pin;ieUi, Moller (1842). 
 
 Bcia Phii/elii, H. and A. Adams (1858) ; G. O. Sara 1878 ; et auct. 
 
 '• One specimen was dredged by ^M. .-.rs. S. I. Smith and O. Harger, of 
 the United States Fish Commission, in 1872, on I.* Have Bank, off Nova 
 Scotia, in 43 fathoms." "It appears to be a very rare species, however, and 
 none of my specimens have the animals preserved" (Verrill, 1882; op. 
 cit., p. 465). The occurrence of this species in Canadian waters, on the 
 authority of Jeffreys, had previously been recorded in the Canadian 
 
197 
 
 N»tur»U«t Md Gflologitt for March, 1870. Th« ipMimen Knt to Dr. 
 Jeffrey! wm dredged by the writer off Grande OrAve, Gaep^ Bay, ia 
 1867 or 1869. 
 
 Bkla cancbixata (Mighela). 
 
 « 
 
 /S<iiM caneellalu$, MigheU (1841). 
 
 Btla cantxUabi, StimiMon (1860) j and Omild (1870) ; but not of O. O. Htn. 
 
 Grond Manan, dredged alive in 25 fathonw, shelly bottom, off Duck 
 Island (Stimpson). Bay of Fundy ; off Nova Scotia ; and Square Island, 
 Labrador,— sent by Dr. A. 8. Packard, jr., as B. Vahlii, B. eanctllata, and 
 B. pyramidalis (Verrill, 1882 ; op. cit., p. 476). 
 
 Bmji cancellata, var Cakadbnsis, Verrill and Hush, M.S. 
 
 Specimens that Professor Verrill and Miss Bush have recently identified 
 with thU variety of B. cc.netllata, wem dredged by the writer between Pictou 
 Island and Cape Bear, and by Sir J. W. Dawson at Little Metis and Murray 
 Bay. Some of these specimens are fully an inch in length. Similar speci- 
 mens appear to have been referred to B. harjnilaria by Sir J. W. Dawson in 
 his list of Pleistocene fossils in the Canadian Ice Age. Under that name 
 this shell is cited as occurring also (recent) at Riviere du Loup and Kamou- 
 raska; and (fossil) at River Charles, Ac, N.B.; Riviere du Loup, Murray 
 Bay, Quebec, Montreal ; and Labrador. 
 
 Professor Verrill states that 8. icalarU is the largest species of Bela on 
 the coast of New England, but in the Gulf and mouih of the River St. 
 Lawrence B. cancdlata, var. Canadensis, and B. nobilia (as recently identified 
 by Verrill and Miss Bush) are by far the largest species known to the 
 writer. 
 
 BiLA Sarsii, Verrill. 
 
 Bela eatutllata, (i. O. S»r». (1878) ; non Mi?'. 
 Bela Sartii, Verrill (1880). 
 
 •Is. 
 
 " Several specimens dredged at Forteau Bay, 20 fathoms, L ase au Loup, 
 10 to 15 fathoms, have been directly compared with shells from Tromso sent 
 by Dr. Friele from the museum at Bergen. This is a rare species on the 
 American coast, having been rarely found before, except at Murray Bay, 
 Canada," by Sir J. W. Dawson (Miss Bush, in lis*, of the u.ollusca, etc., of the 
 Stearns exploring expedition). 
 
 mm 
 
 mgmtftnim 
 
198 
 
 BuA DnuMATA (Cottthouy). 
 
 fUurtkmm dttMuala, Couthouy ( 1830), 
 Xtla denotata, Oould (1870) ; et ituGt. 
 
 Orand Mkout (Stimpson). " M*rtlw's Vineyard to Labrador. In the 
 Bay of Fundy, where it ia not rare, I have taken it in 20 to 100 fathoms, 
 in 1868, 1870 and 1873. It baa been dredged by the U.S. Fiih Commiuion 
 partina in Halifax harbour and off Nova Hcotia, 10 to 59 fathoms, 1887 " 
 ( Verrill, 1882 ; op. cit., p. 488). Probably common in the (Julf of St. Lawrence, 
 though the Gaape Bay speoimena that were referred to B. cheuuala many years 
 ago, by the writer, are the since deaoribed B. ineiiula. North shore of the 
 Straitof Belle lale at" Fortean Bay, 20 fathoms; L'AnseauLoup, lOfatboms. 
 One unusually large dead specimen at Henley Harbour," Labrador, " 10 to 15 
 fathoms," Bteams' expedition (Miao Bush). 
 
 'I 
 
 BcLA mciauLA, Verrill. 
 
 1SJ2. Tmna. Conn. Acad. Art* ud 8c., vul. v., |i, «!!. 
 
 Apparently the commoneat of the smaller Belai in the Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence. It had previously been identified by Packard and the writer with 
 B. d«eu$toUa, on account of its close correspondenoe with Oould's description 
 and figure (180) of Pleurotoma deeuttata in the firsi edition of the "Inverte- 
 brata of Massachusetts." Tryon, too, in his monograph of the Pleuroto- 
 midK, published in 1884, in the sixth volume of his Manual of Conchology, 
 says that B. incitula appears to him to be " no more than a stunted shoul- 
 dered variety " (of B. deatuata) " with straight ribe, approaching B. Kobelti." 
 
 Verrill says that he has dredged B. incinda at E^uitport Harbour and 
 the Bay of Fundy, at many localities, in 5 to 110 fathoms, in 1804-72 ; at 
 Halifax Harbour, in 16 to 21 fathoms, and off Nova Scotia, in 42 fathoms, 
 in 1877. The writer has dredged it in Northumberland Strait, off Shediac, 
 N.B., in 1873 ; off Grande Gr^ve, Oospd Bay, in 1867 and 1869 ; and else- 
 where in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1871-73. Verrill states that it was 
 sent to him, as from Labrador, mixed with B. exarata (=£. concinnula) by 
 Packard ; and Miss Bush records it as having been taken at four localities 
 on the Labrador coast by the Stearns expedition in 1882. 
 
 Tt may be that the shells referred to B. Tretdyana by Sir J. W. Dawson, 
 on page 250 of the " Canadian Ice Age," are all B. incisula, in which case 
 the latter has also been found (living) at Little M^tis, Riviere du Loup, 
 and Murray Bay ; and (fossil) in the Leda clay of Riviere du Loup and 
 Labrador. 
 
Bbla iiiniuaA, Baek. 
 
 A •pecimen which hu bwn identified with thi. tf^it* by Jeffrey>t in 
 1870, «nd by Verrill and Miw duih in 1H98 or 1899, wm dredged by the 
 writer off Grande Orkve, Owp^ B«y, in 1867 or 1869. 
 
 BiLA PLBDBOTOMARIA (CoUthoUy). 
 
 Fiitut pifurotomariat, Cimthouy (t83H). 
 Jt'uniJ m/u», (louW (IIMI) ; nun Mcntmni. 
 Mangtlia iinramiilttHi, StimpBon (IWl). 
 Brltt lUtunMontaria, H. »inl A. AJ»iii« (1868). 
 
 B«y of Fundy, in 15 to 60 fathoms ; mid Halifox Hartour, in 20 to 28 
 fathoms (Verrill, who nays that the »pecie« ia found off Martha's Vineyard 
 to Labrador). Fishing Ui.ks off Sable Island (Willu). Between Cape 
 B»ar, P.K.I., and Pictou Island, N.S. (Whiteaves). Gulf and mouth of the 
 River St. Lawrense, at Gasp^ Bay, Hiviere du Loup, Murray l»ay, and 
 Kamoura«ka(8ir J. W. Dawson) ; and at Salmon Bay, near Caribou Island 
 (Packard). Labrador coast, at Square Island, in 30 fathoms, and Sandwich 
 Bay, in 4 fathoms (Packard) ; at L'Anse au Loup, in 10 to 15 fathoms ; 
 Henley Harbour, in 10 to 15 fathoms ; Temple Bay, in 10 fathoms ; and 
 Dead Island, near Square Island, in 1 to 4 fathoms ; Stearns expedition, 
 
 (Miss Bush). 
 
 Fossil in the Leda clay at Montreal (Sir J. W, Dawson). 
 
 Bbla bicarinata (Couthouy). 
 
 PUuratonuiria biairintUa, Couthouy (1830). 
 Btla birarinatit, <S. O. S»r« (1878). 
 
 Variety vioLACBA (Mighels and Adams). 
 
 Pkunlonui tioUuea, Miffhelsand Adsinii (1841). 
 BfUi violacca, H. »nd A. Adams (1868). 
 
 Throughout the whole region, but apparently rather sparingly distributed 
 Verrill says that this species ranges from Cape Cod to Labrador, from low- 
 water mark to 100 fathoms, and that he dredged both forms in Eastport 
 harbour and the Bay of Fundy, in 10 to 50 fathoms, in 1864, 1868 and 1870. 
 Willis records the occurrence of the var violacea on the fishing banks off 
 Sable Island ; and Smith and Hargur dredged the same variety on the Le 
 Have Bank, in 45 fathoms, on the U. S. Fish Commission SS. Bache, in 
 1872. Both forms were taken by tbe U. 8. Fish Commission parties in 
 1877 in Halifax Harbour, in 16 to 33 fathoms ; and the Gloucester fisher- 
 men have brought it in from the banks off Nova Scotia (Verrill). In the 
 Gulf and mouth of the River St Lawrence, both forms have been dredged 
 
MO 
 
 in Nortbombtrbuid Btnit, off 0«nd» Or*v«, Quf* B*j, aiid off 0»p Bon 
 Ami (P.Q.), by Um wriUr ; »t RuiMMO d« U Or»i»d« V»IWe, by B«ll ; At 
 litUa M^tia, lUviira da Loop, and Mor»y B«y, by Hir J W. Dawion ; and 
 •t BikliDon Bmj, dmt Caribou IiImmI (in 16 l»iboi») by PMkard. It ta .^ to 
 bo foaiid »long tba whole coMt of Labrador, and to ha* boen dradgwl at 
 gquara Island in 80 fathom*, on a ibally bottom, by Paekard. The typical 
 form waa drwlgMl by the Htearu axpwlition at Fortaaa Bay, 20 fathomi; 
 L'Anie an Loup, 10 to IB fathom»j and Henley Harlwur, 10 to IS fathoms; 
 whiU the var. violaem i» laid to be oonmonat all of the looalitiae examined 
 by the expedition, in from 1 to 30 fathom* (MIm Buah). 
 
 Fotiil in the Leda clay at Montreal (Sir J. W. Dawion). 
 
 Verkruxen (in 1878) reoorda "BtiU turrirula, Mont., rar. nobilu, Moller ;" 
 Ma harpularia, Coatbouy; JWa j>yr«midiih, Htrbm (A p/#uroto.miria, 
 BtimpiMn); Ma B*eki%, Mttller ; and Btla Trtvdyama, Torton ;-aa oocarr- 
 inf at AnnapolU Baain, N.S.; and deacribw, from that locality, three new 
 ■peoiaa, which he calls B. Oilpini, B. multico$lata, and B. ut%dala.* 
 
 OniTIIOBIUIfOBIATA. 
 TKCTIBnASCHIATA. 
 
 Family Pkilinida. 
 Fhilinb lima (Brown). 
 
 Utricului lima. Brown (1827). 
 ByUa Uneolata, Couthouy (1889) ; imd (iould (1841). 
 Pkiline litualaia, Stimp** (1860) ; sod Gould (1870). 
 PkUiiu limn, O. O. Um (1878) : and Pil.bry (1896). 
 
 Urand Manar, "common in the shallows among the lower islands" 
 (Stimpson). Fishing banks off Halifax, rare (Willis). Gulf of 8t. Lawrence, 
 at Qaap^ Bay (Sir J. W. Dawson) ; and near Caribou Island, just inside of 
 the Strait of Belle Isle, in 10 to IB fathoms, sand (Packard). 
 
 Rare in the Leda clay of Montreal (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 PuiLiNii QUADRATA, Scarlcs Wood. 
 
 Philint qvadnta, 8. Wood (1830) ; «ua Stiinp«j:i (lH60). 
 PliUiM formota, Btimpaon (18&0). 
 
 Fishing banks off Halifax, rare (Willis). In the Gulf of St. Lawrence a 
 few specimens were dredged by the writer in 1871 and 1873, in deep water 
 (180 to 220 fathoms), to the north, south, and south-east of the Island of 
 
 Anticosti. 
 
 • Jahibueber der Deutwhen Malakonxdofpichen (J«Mll«ch»ft, vol. v 
 
201 
 
 FiiiLi» FiiiiiAKonicA, M. Sftrt. 
 
 rhi'int IHtmartku,, (M. Hm.) «1. <» Hm. (1W») I t«.t» Vmill (WW). 
 
 Dr<Klg«d by th« U. 8. FUh CommiMlon in 1877, off C«p« M»W«, »©»• 
 SootU, in 90 btbooM, fln« i«nd (Verrill). 
 
 Phiuki r>AoiLU, O. O. timn. 
 
 naine frngilii, (1. O. (ten (IHW) ! •nd WrriU ( IWO). 
 
 With the p-.(««ding. 
 
 PhILIHI CWOCtATA, O. O. 8»ni. 
 i>*i7iM cupufalfl, O. O. I4»n (1878) ; »nd Verrill (IH88). 
 
 Taken by the U.S. Fiih Commiwion in 1877. with the two preoedinf 
 •peciet (VeiriU). 
 
 Family Aktridm, 
 Hamihba houtaria (-^ay). 
 
 Bulla tolilaria, 8*y (1H33) ; rt MKt. 
 
 Bullii intenlptn, Totteti (183B). 
 
 ffiimi'iMa Krfitaria, Wliit<«VHi (1)174) ; et auct. 
 
 Beach at Pointe du Ch«ne, Shediac Bay, N.B., collected by the writer in 
 1873. 
 According to Sir J. W. Dawson, it is rather common in the Leda clay 
 
 at Montreal. 
 
 Family Seaphandridir. 
 Scaphander puNcrogTRiATCs (Mighela). 
 
 BuV'i puwto-tlTintn, Mi'holt and Adama (1841 and 1842). 
 SeapKandtr lihrariu; l«ivcn (1840). 
 Se(ij)A<iBdfrpunc(o-i<rii«eo, Stim|j«>n (ISfiOi. 
 Scaphander punelo-Uruit 'i, Gould (1H70). 
 
 Fishing banks off Halifax (Wilis). Gulf of St. Lawrence, alwut half way 
 between Cap des Rosiers and the S.W. Point of Anticosti, in 2C j fathoms 
 mud, one living specimen, an inch and an eighth long, dredged by the writer 
 in 1872. 
 
309 
 
 DUPMAXA DIMIU (OmM). ' 
 
 «it«t kfmlimi, Turtoa ( MMI, »-%m Joffrnya i Mm liawlig (17W). 
 
 Bnttm ibkUit, lUmlA ICMO). 
 
 Aktm ntl»»o»tata, Mo||w(tlM»| Iwki Pibhry. 
 
 Al«« ttllmkta, BiuwK | IM4). 
 
 ^«f>*t4p*jm p,(>M««/,«, I^„rn (IMS), 
 
 IMn^nwi (Mi/k, Mipiiami (INWI) ; Mwi lluulil (1»70). 
 
 AmphutkfmdtMi; V»frill(Jl»W). 
 
 tlrwid Manu, " ukaii alive in 6 hthoms, otMriK mdiI, off Duck ItUnd 
 ■•ooringt " (8t!io|Mon). » Not unnmimnn In C*k» B«y and B«y of Kundy, 
 •nd northward, in 6 to SO fathom* " ( Verrill). Fishing banks off Haiifai 
 ( Wlllii). (Jmp< Bay ( but iipwimrat very small and identlAoation doubtful); 
 •nd north short of the Oulf of 8t. r-awronw, at Trinity Bay, in 2ft fathoms, 
 •*nd (Whltaavai). 
 
 Foisll in the Leda clay at Montreal (Sir J. W, Dawson). 
 
 DiAMiANA MiiMALis (Couthony). 
 
 BhUu kitmtlit, Couthunjr (183U). 
 bmfh<u;i kinuili$, Mtiuipwio (1*10). 
 Ampkupkum hittualU, Verrill (1870). 
 
 Grand Manan, " in forty fathoms mud, off lAmg Island " (^t'rnpson). 
 
 CVUCBXA ALBA (BfOwn). 
 
 ralraria nthit. Brown (1827). 
 
 A«Ha l««.«o, Coiitlwuy (IH*) J «nd OouM (1848). 
 
 BuH» cortitata (ihwk) .Mnllrr (1842). 
 
 Cytirhnn alba. I,uv«n (18*1) i rt auct. •uliM'q. 
 
 BhIIh nwUolii, Ke*\t (18S3). 
 
 Cgtiekna iiIIm, »«r. cortitata, «. O. H«n (1878). 
 
 Throughout tho whole mgion, and northward, at depths of from 2 to 60 
 fathoms. Stimpson says that this shell is eommoi at Grand Manan, Verrill 
 has Uken it in the Bay of Fundy, Oanong in Passsmaquoddy Bay, Ver- 
 krusen in Annapolis Basin, and Willis on the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia. 
 The writer has dredged speciroens of the var. enriieala at many localities in 
 the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Pack.ird at Caribou Island. On the Labrador 
 coast the ordinary form of the species has been dredged by Packard in 
 Ch&teau Bay and Sloop Harbour, and, according to Mis* Bush, by the 
 Steams expedition, at Dead Island, near Square Island. 
 
 It has long been known to occur on the coast of Greenland and Norway 
 As a fossil, C. alba hap been found in the Leda clay at Riviere du Loup, 
 Montreal, and in the Pleistocene deposits of the Clyde, Scotland (Sir J. W. 
 Dawson). 
 
(OrucmiA occult A (Ml«h«U and Ad»iiiii). 
 
 ilN/fo MtinkHMi (H<il)»ll) M'dlor (HHS). 
 
 • yw»*. otHlf, H. >mi A. A.Uiu- (J*W) i ud Viwrill (WTlt). 
 
 Cfltehim Ktinktinli. I,rcl»< tlMT^i). 
 
 CoMt trf Ubr«dor (P»ok»nl). " Norway, »pit«»)er((en •nd On^nUnd, 
 •oath to Main*" (Pil«l>ry), though it ba** not yet Ijeen found inaide of the 
 limita tmbrnoed within the acoiN' of thi« paper.) 
 
 Family Tonintinidir. 
 
 Rktuha fKHTBNt'iii (MigheU). 
 
 Btilitt ptrteiiit, MiglielndMS). 
 
 l'lri<'../"»/»r(oi,.i., Stiii,ii*«i(lHMO)t UuuUUlHTO)! «« aoot. 
 
 biapluina prrfrnuii, Vrrrill iWi). 
 
 Rrlumi ptrltHuii, i'ibbry (IMtl). 
 
 Grand Manan, " in 10 fathomi land, off Cheney'a Head " (Stimpwn). 
 Fishing bwiki off Halifax, rar« (WillU). Northumberland Strait, and Oaap^ 
 Bay (Whiteavee). Vicinity of Bell.^ Amour, P.Q., juit in«ide of the Strait 
 of Belle lile, in 8 fathonu muddy bottom (Packard). 
 
 KoMil in the Leda clay of Montreal (Sir J. W. Dawaon). 
 
 RnVRA HITIDI'LA (Loven). 
 
 C^iektM Hiliilulii. U>vf\ ,llM<i) i *t nuft. 
 Ulrifului HiliiMH$, li. O. Hiirn (li<7KI. 
 Dixrham nilidula, Vrrrill (!»« and 1»«S). 
 A(mn n.(.rfii/«, PiUbry (l»*l«). 
 
 A few living specimen* of a shell tlmt Pi<.fe»»or Verrill hat identified 
 with this species, were dredge<l by the writer in 1872 and 1873, in the Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence about half-way between the fo' n shot* of the Island of 
 AnUcosti and the Gasp*! peninsula, in 200 f^t ..as, mud. They had pre- 
 viously and provisionally been referred to ilie very simiUr Vylkhna umbilicaia 
 (MonUgu) of which C. flrigella, Loven, is » synonym. 
 
 Retusa Gouldii (Couthouy). 
 
 Bulla r.'oi'/rfii, Cinithnuy (IKW) ; an-l <iouW (IKll). 
 ir(i-i<-«/H» iJnuldii, Stiiui>*m (1860) ; sml (J.niUl (1M70). 
 Ciilichna Uauhlv, Verrill (ISSO). 
 Utricuint (Rttutn) (louldii. Dull (IKS'J). 
 Ttrttio- fioulilii, riUbry (IWO). 
 
 Annapolis Basin, N.8., seldom (Verkruzen). • 
 
204 
 
 TOBXATINA CANALICULATA (Smy). 
 
 Volvaria ennalieulala, Say (1822). 
 
 Bullirm eannlieutata. Say (1832). 
 
 BtiUa obUricta, Uonld (1840). 
 
 Bulla mnaliculata, Gould (1841). 
 
 rorno«,M „nnliculata, A. Adama (1860) j Verrill (1879) i et auct. 
 
 oineulut oanUicuUttut, Stimpmn (1860); and Gould (1870). 
 
 riH?"p^r,T" ^'^"'""' ^'""■'^ ^'^""^ ^^- ^"•») ■' «=<"»ionally at Summer- 
 «ae, i-.Ji.!.; and Cocagne, N.B., one specimen (Rev. W. H. Winkley). 
 
 MDOIBRANCBIATA. 
 
 Family Hermaidae. 
 Aldbbia Harvaroiensh (Agasaiz). 
 
 CatUhoptit Barvarditrui,, AgawiMlSBO) ; and Stimjwn (1853); 
 
 but in each cue with no deaoription. 
 Aldrria Sarmnlitnti,. Gould (1870) j with deacription and (igurea. 
 Grand Manan Island, " very common in sheltered muddy bays in this 
 region, feeding on filamentous chlorosperms about low-water mark " (Stimp- 
 80n). ^ '^ 
 
 Family Dotoidir.. 
 
 DoTo CORONATA (Gmelin). 
 
 Dorit toronala, Gmelin (1792). 
 
 Doto coronatti, Loven (1846) ; et auct. 
 
 Near Duck Island, Grand Manan, on rocks in 15 fathoms (Stimpson). 
 
 Doto Formosa, Verrill. 
 1875. Amer. .Tourn. Sc. and Arta, Third Seriea, vol. x., p. 41. 
 
 " l^^ to" species at Enstport, Maine, and on the coast of Nova Scotia 
 in 1861 (Verrill, 1882). 
 
 Family .Eolidn-. 
 
 MOLK PAPILL08.A (L). 
 
 Limaxpapilloaut. L. (1767). 
 
 DoritpapilloM, O. F. .Miiller (1776) ; and O. Fabriciua (1780). 
 jEolidia Bodoengu, Miiller (1S42). 
 
 ^tisfarinacca, (Gould M. S.) Stimi»on (1853); and Gould (1870). 
 Grand Manan, "very numerous, spawning on the rocks above low-water 
 mark in August" (Stimpsbn). Very common in the Bay of Fundy from 
 
305 
 
 above low-water mark to 20 fathoms (Verrill). Ai the species is known to 
 occur on the coast of Greenland it is probably also a native of the Oulf of 
 St. Lawrence. 
 
 .^OLIS BTILLATA, StimpSOH. 
 
 Kolis itttlata, Stimpmn (1853). 
 
 Jiilit tttUata, Stimiwon (1860) ; and GuuM (1870). 
 
 Grand Manan, "found under stones at low-water mark, and when 
 disturbed rolls itself up so that its branchiw project in all directions like the 
 rays of a star '' (Stimpson). 
 
 ifJoLis PURPUREA, Stimpson. 
 
 Eolit purpurtr., Stiin|won (1863). 
 .KAU purpurea, (iould (1870). 
 
 Grand Manan, "found at Duck Island, under stones, at low-water" 
 (Stimpson). 
 
 COKVPHRLLA DIVBR8A (Couthouy). 
 
 Eolit diicrm, Coutliouy (1838). 
 
 AMit diverui, .Stiinimn (18(i0) ; and Guuld (1870). 
 
 Corypkelld diverm (Couthouy) Verrill (1870). 
 
 Grand Manan, " in four fathoDia on Laminaria " (Stimpson); L'Anae au 
 Loup, two specimens, Stearns expedition (Miss Bush). 
 
 CoRVPHELLA Mananensis (Stimpson). 
 
 £i>fi.i Manatienlii, StimpHon (18.58). 
 ^Eolii Sianantimit, .Stimptwin (1H4}0). 
 ConiphelUi Mannncnsit, Verrill (ISXO). 
 
 Grand Manan, in 35 fathoitis, on iv gravelly bottom in the Hake Bay 
 (Stimpson). "TliLs species sometimes occurs at low-water mark at Eastport, 
 Me., and Grand Manan, but it is usually an inhabitant of rather deep water, 
 OP rocky bottoms. We have dredged it at many localities from off Fisher's 
 Island and Black Island to Halifax, N.S., in 20 to 90 fathoms, among 
 hydroids. It is the most common species at such depths " (Verrill, 1882 ; 
 Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts, and Sc, vol., v., pp. •">52 and 553). 
 
 CoRVPHELLA Stimpsosi, Verrill. 
 
 Cuthona Stiinpmni, Verrill (187'J). 
 Coryphelta SlimpKini, Verrill (1880). 
 
 " This species occurs from Massachusetts Bay and Salem Harliour, Mass., 
 to Halifax, Nova Scotia ; and from low- water at Eastport, Me., to 51 fathoms 
 at Jeffreys' Ledge" (Verrill, 1882; op. cit., p. 552). 
 
I 
 
 i i 
 
 I' 
 
 9M 
 
 Family Deadronolida, 
 Dbrdrokotus ARB0RE8CBNS (MuUer). 
 
 Doriiarborttctia, O. F. MuUer(1776) ; and O. Fabriciiu (1780). 
 Trilonia arbortieent, Cuvier ; and Gould (184S). 
 Trilmia Reynoldiii, Couthouy (1838). 
 
 />ni<fro»o(u>ar6or«e«u (Alder and Hancock, 18S0); (lould (1870). 
 Dendrmuitui Sepnoidnt, Stimpson (1860). 
 
 Grand Manan. " Fine large specimens are taken at lo«r water, and in all 
 parts of the laminarian zone, on rocky bottoms." "The most common 
 variety is white or colourless." "The ova were deposited in August" 
 ^Stimpson). Le Have Bank, N.S., in 45 fathoms, U.S. Fish Commission, 
 1872 (Smith and Harger); Halifax Harbour, 1877 (J. M.Jones). Strait 
 of Belle Isle, 30 to 40 fathoms. (Dr. J. W. Deeks) ; Henley Harbour, 
 Ch&teau Bay, Labrador, in 4 fathoms, 1864 (Packard). 
 
 DiNORONOTUs BOBU8TC8, Verrill. 
 
 Dendnmottu nbuilm, Verrill (1870 ; also 1879 and 1983). 
 Lendronotut vtlifer, G. O. Sars (1878) ; fide Verrill. 
 
 The type of J), robuttut is a single specimen found at " Whale v e, 
 Orand Manan, on sea weeds in a pool near low- water mark," by Mr. Oscar 
 Harger in 1870, and Professor Verrill says that the species is now known 
 to occur from " Vineyard Sound to Nova Scotia " from low-water mark to 
 98 fathoms. J. M. Jones, in his List of the Mollusc, v of Nova Scotia, cites 
 the species as having been taken thirty miles south-east from Chebucto 
 Head, N.S., in 110 fathoms. 
 
 Family Polyeeridve, 
 
 PoLTCBRA Lrssonii, Orbigny. 
 
 folftsera Letunii, Orbigny (1837) j and Gould (1870). * 
 
 Dorit illuminata, Gould (1841). 
 Polgtet-a iUumitutta, Stimpson (1860). 
 
 Common in Casco Bay and Bay of Fundy, from low-water mark to 20 
 fathoms (Verrill). 
 
 ISSA LACBKA (Miiller). 
 
 Triopa lacer, Miiller (non L.) teste Loven (1846) ; et auct. 
 lua Incera, Bergh (1880) ; and Verrill (1882). 
 
 " Off Halifax, Nova Scotia, 90 to 92 fathoms," U. S. Fish Commission, 
 1877 (Verrill). 
 
207 
 Anccla sulpbubka, Stimpaon. 
 
 18&3. Synopa. Muine Invert. Grand Msnan, p. 26. 
 
 Grand Manan, " very conimon nnder itonei at low-water and in the 
 laminarian zone " (Stimpson). 
 
 Family Doridoe. 
 D0BI8 PLANULATA, Stimpson. 
 
 1853. Synops. Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. 26. 
 
 Grand Manan (Stimpson) ; and " on stones at low-water, Passamaqnoddy 
 Bay, in July " (Gould). Stimpson says that it "differs but slightly from 
 D. repanda, A. and H." 
 
 OWCHIDORIS MCBICATA (Muller). 
 
 Lamellidarit murie-in (^luller) G. O. 8ar» (1878). 
 Onehicbmt muricata, V'errill (1882). 
 
 According to Verrill, "specimens dredged at many localities, in 3 to 21 
 fathoms, from Block Island to Halifax, Nova Scotia, appear to belong to 
 this species." 
 
 Okchidoris pallida (Stimpson). 
 
 Dorit pallida ( Aga»iu M. .S. ) ; Stim|»on (1853) ; and Gould (1870). 
 OHckidorii pallida, Verrill (1870). 
 
 Grand Manan, " off the northern point of Duck Island, in 25 fathoms 
 gravel " (Stimpson) ; common in the Bay of Fundy (Verrill). 
 
 " This species, if distinct from Doris fusca, Fabricius, and D. diaphana, 
 Alder and Hancock, was first properly described, as well as figured, by 
 Gould in 1870. All that Stimpson bad previously said about it was that it 
 is remarkable for the large size of the tubercles of the cloak " (Verrill). 
 G. O. Sars, however, distinctly states the ; J' impson's Doria pallida is a 
 synonym of 0. muricata, which he calls Lat.^^didoris muricata. 
 
 PULMONATA. 
 
 Family AuricuUdfr. 
 Melampus bioektatus. Say. 
 
 Melamput bidtiUattu, Say (1822). 
 Auricula bidentata, Gould (1841). 
 Melamput comeiii, 8tiui|i«on (1861). 
 
 Marsh on West or Elliot River, near Charlottetown, P.E.I. ; (F. Bain, 
 1885). 
 
MS 
 
 Aluia IIT08OT18 (Draparnkud). 
 
 Auricula mjKMoh'i, DimpaniBr.H. 
 
 Auritula deiUieulala, Gould (IIUI) ; not Montfort. 
 
 AUxia mgototii, Pfeiffer (1856). 
 
 Recorded by Willis, with a query, as common in Halifax Harbour. 
 " Probably an imported species, as Stimpson remarks (Shells of New England) 
 being found only in the Atlantic seaports " (Gould, second edition). 
 
 PTEBOPODA. 
 
 Thbcosomata. 
 
 'It 
 il 
 
 ! 
 il 
 
 Family Limacinidre. 
 LixACiNA OoDLDii (Stimpson). 
 
 Spirialit Oouldii, Stiinimon (1861). 
 
 Settro/uius baka and B. rttrovtrna, Binney' (1870) ; but, BOCordinK 
 
 to Verrill, not of Eurf)pe«n wiitera. 
 Limttina Govldii, Verrill (1879). 
 
 Two or three dead shells of this minute pteropod were dredge-I y the 
 writer in 1872, in the deepest spot in the Oulf of St Lawrence, about half- 
 way between East Cape, Island of Anticosti, and the Bird Rocks, in 313 
 fathoms, black mud, w 'i a few angular and rounded stones. Stimpson says 
 that 5. Govldii r .^ on the " whole coast of New England north of Cape 
 Cod." 
 
 Verrill, iu 1873, says that the " identity of this species with the Limacina 
 btUea, MoUer, of Greenland, U very questionable." " The description of the 
 latter is brief, and no mention is made of the spiral sculpture, which is an 
 important character of S. Gculdii."^ 
 
 On the other hand, Binney, in 1870, makes 5. Gorddii, Stimpson, and 
 Liinacina balea, Moller, = He,,erofu»us balea, Morch, and regards the latter 
 as distinct from It. retroversm (Fleming) ; and G. O. Sars, in 1878, comes 
 to the same conclmion.t Dr. Paul Pelseneer, in 1888,S includes both Spiri- 
 alis Gouldii and Limacina balea among the synonyms, of Heterofums retro- 
 versus, which he calls Limctcina retroversa. 
 
 {Limacinii lielicina (Phipps) is recorded as having been taken abundantly 
 off the Labrador coast by Packard in 1864 and by L. M. Turner in 1882, 
 also in Hudson Strait ; but it has not yet been found so far south as the 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 
 • 111 thi' Second Kdition of tloulrt's Kfiwrt on the Invertebrata of XlaiisachuM^tts, p. .509. 
 
 tl'.S. Fish Conmiiiwion, Rei«rt for 1871-72, p. 66y. 
 
 J XlulUisca RegioniB Arctieae Norvcgiote (Christiania), pp. 329 and 330. 
 
 S H.M..S. Challenger Ripfirts, Zoology, vol. xxiil, p. 27 and 2S. 
 
209 
 
 The types of Ptyeke globulota, Rang, of the family Cymbulidie, nlso, are 
 from St Pierre and Miqaelon, off the south coast of Newfoundland, ju^t 
 outside of the area embraced by this paper.) 
 
 GVMSOSOMATA. 
 
 Family CHonidm. 
 Clione limacina (Phipps). 
 
 CVto Ihitaelna, Phipps (1774). 
 
 CItofie papifionarea^ Pallari (1774). 
 
 Clio return, (». K. MUller {ITilW ; anil (). Fabricitin (1780). 
 
 Clio l/omilir, BruguitTf (17iKJ) ; ''t »uct. 
 
 Clione limaeinn, StinipBon (1800) ; and O. O. Sam (1878). 
 
 Clione MiqiielonemiH, Rant; (1825). 
 
 Near Caribou Island, F.Q., just inside of the Strait of Belle Isle, Packard, 
 1860; " seen frequently floating near the surface in calm weather." Strait 
 of Belle Isle, surface, forming a large piirt of the food of herrings (Dr. J. W. 
 Deeks). Tiiken by L. M. Turner " on the voyage to Ungava Pay in north 
 latitude 56°, aud westt longitude 60°, off the Labrador coas*, Oaly 13, 1882, 
 swimmiDg at the surface" (Dall). The species has also been collected or 
 observed from New York to Newfoundland, Hudson Strait, Davis Strait,' 
 Baffin Bay and Greenland. 
 
 CEPH.\LOPjDA. 
 
 DIBR.\y3HI.\T.\. 
 
 DE3AP0DA. 
 
 Family Taonotenthi. 
 HiSTiOTEHTnis Cor.Lixsii, Verrill. 
 
 l«7',l. Amer. Joiirn. Sc. and Art*, Third Serim , vnl. xvii., |>. 241. 
 
 1880. Ttans. Conn. Acail. Arta and .Sc, vol. v., p. 234. 
 
 1881. Idem, p|). 300, 4l)» and 431. 
 
 " Taken from the stomach of Alepidosav\is ferox, lat. 42' 49, long. 62° 57, 
 off" ( ^anquereau), "Nova Scotia, by Capt. .1. W. Collins and crew, of the 
 schooner Marion, 1879. West;ern bank, off Nova Scotia," another specimen, 
 "represented by the jaws alone" (Verrill ; Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sc, 
 vol. v., pp. 238 it 300). 
 14 
 
210 
 
 Chibotiuthm lacutma, VerriU. 
 
 18A1. Tnuu. Conn. Aoad. Arti and Sc, vuL v., p. 408. 
 " Brown's Bank, off Nova Sootia, taken from the atomach of a cod (lot 
 •W). Praeented to the U. S. Fish CommiMion by Capt. Wm. Dempaey and 
 orew, of the sohooner Clara F. Friend " ( Veirill, op. oit., p. 41 1). 
 
 ii- 
 
 I 'I 
 
 Family Onyekii. 
 OoNATua Fabricii (Lichtenstein). 
 
 Sepia loligo, O. Fabriniui (1780). 
 
 Onyckoteutkii Fabrien, Lichtenatein (1818) ; and MtiUpr (1842), 
 
 Oonuliu Fabricii, Steenitrup (1880). 
 
 LttMeuthit tHbricii, VerriU (1881). 
 
 "A yoang specimen of this apeoies, in nearly perfect preeervation, was 
 recently presented to the U. 8. Fish Commishion by Capt. William Dempeey 
 and crew, of the schooner Clara F. Friend. It was taken from the stomach 
 of a cod off Seal Island, Nova Scotia" (VerriU ; op. oit, p. 292). 
 
 . Family Omnuutrephida. 
 
 {ArehiteutKit Harveyi (Kent) has been found at Logic Bay and Portugal 
 Cove, near St. Johns, Newfoundland, and on the Grand B .nka ; and A. 
 frineeps, Verrill, at CaUlina, Trinity Bay. Newfoundland, alsoon the Grand 
 Bank« ; but as yet there is no satisfactory evidence of the occurrence of 
 dther off the coast of eastern Canada). 
 
 Illix illscebrosus (Lesueur). 
 
 Loliffo ilUeelirota, Lesueur (1821). 
 Ommnilrepkci iUtcehrona, Verrill (1872). 
 lUex illeccbroiut, Steenstnip (1880). 
 
 The "common squid" of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Maritime 
 Provinces, though, owing to its active merle of life, as a free swimmer, it is 
 rarely (if ever) taken in the dredge. Living or fresh specimens, however, 
 are not infrequently thrown on the beach by storms. Squids school in 
 rammer, like mackerel and herring, and are caught by the Gaspd fishermen 
 *>y "jigging." *nd used as bait for cod. Kumlien says that this species 
 occurs in Cumberiand Gulf (Baffin Land) ; and Verrill (op. cit., p. 281) that 
 "it extends as far south as Newptrt, R.I.," and that it is "veryabundunt 
 iu Massachusetts Bay, the Bay of Fundy and northward to Newfoundland." 
 
til 
 
 OmtAiTRiPHn NiOAPTERUB (Veirill). 
 
 Arrkittulkii ntgapttm, Wmll (1878). 
 Shenotiulkii nugnptera, Verrill (1880). 
 Ommattrtphei mtyapterui, Stwiwlru)) (1880). 
 
 The tpeoiroeo upon which thU tpecies is bued wm " cast ashoK, daring 
 a levere gale, near Ca^.. Sable, Nova Scotia, and was secured for the Pro- 
 yincial MuMsum at Halifax by J. Matthew Jones, Esq. Itia preserved entice, 
 in alcohol, and is still in good condition." 
 
 " I refer, doubtfully, to this species, an entire beak, with the odontophore, 
 presented by Capt. Geo. A. Johnson and crew, of the schooner A. H. 
 Johnson. It was taken at Sable Island Bank, Nova Scotia, in 280-300 
 fathoms, Sept., 1878" (Verrill ; op. cit, p. 227). 
 
 The " terminal part of a tentacular arm " of a specimen which Professor 
 Verrill (op. cit., p. 193) thinks may also be referable to this species, was 
 taken " from the stomach of a large and voracious fish (Ahpido»auru$ ferox)" 
 ctught on a halibut lino off Banquereau, N.S., in 1S79. 
 
 Family Sepiolini. 
 RoBsiA HyATTi, Verrill. 
 
 1878. Amer. Journ. So. and Arts, Third Seriw, vol. xvii., p. 208. 
 
 1880. Idem., Third S«rie», vol. six., p. 2»l. 
 
 1881. Tranii. Conn. Ac»d. Art» and Sc., vol. v., p. 351. 
 
 " Off Cape .Sable, N.8., 82-92 fathoms ; off Halifax, N.8.. 57-100 fathoms, 
 on a fine compact sand and mud bottom." " It has also been received 
 through the Gloucester halibut fishermen, from the banks of Nova Scotia " 
 (Verrill ; op. cit., p. 353). 
 
 RossiA 8VBLEVI8, Verrill. 
 
 1878. Ainf r. .Journ. Se. and Arts. Tliird .Serien, vol., xvi, p. 209. 
 188!. Trans. Conn. Acad. Artn and Sc., vol. v., p. Kil. 
 
 Taken by the dredging parties of the U. S. Fish Conimission, in 1877, in 
 the trawl-net off Halifax. N.S., in 42 and 101 fathoms, fine sand. It has 
 also been brought in by Capt. J. W. Co'lins and crew, of the schooner 
 Marion, from the banks off Nova Scotia (Verrill ; op. cit., p. 356). 
 
 Rev. Canon Norman, however, in the first part of his recent " Revision of 
 British Mollusca," (pulilished in tiie Annals and Magazine of Natural 
 History for Juni;, 1890) thinks that B. subhvU is not distiii'?t from R. 
 glaueopit, Loven (1846). 
 14J 
 
SIS 
 
 RoniA <t) TIXK> -. ( Vvrrill). 
 
 BtlenteMlkii Unera, Vnrill (IHHO). 
 Houin (t) (nwm, Hnjrlo (IMM). 
 
 H. M. S. Chall«ng«r, SUtioii 49 (May 10, 1873), sottth of '' , Nov* 
 
 Bootia, 8S fathomt, gravel and atonet ; one specimen. 
 
 {Botna megaplem, Verrill, has been taken off the Muthe i^ ■ j^.at ot New- 
 foundland, in 150 fathoms; but not yet, so far m the writer uan learn, in 
 the seas of eastern Canada.) 
 
 OCTOPODA. 
 
 Family Octopodirlir. 
 Ocropus ARCTicuB, Prosch. 
 
 Oeloput arrlieu; Praich (1M9) ; (lcl« Nornum (1W»). 
 Uctoput Buirdii, Vemll (1873). 
 
 Taken by the U. 8. Fish Commission, in 1872, off Grand Manan Ivland, 
 in 97-100 faihoms, and ut thret) localities in the Bay of Fundy, in 6O'-80 
 fathoms; also in 1887, thirty mileti otf Cape ISab'.e, N'..S , in 91 fathouiM, and 
 twenty-three miles off Halifax, in 101 fathoms. "The Gloucester fishermen 
 have brought in several specimens from the banks of Nova tScotia and New- 
 foundland " (Verrill ; Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and 8c., vol. v., pp. 370 and 
 371). 
 
 1879. 
 1881. 
 
 Octopus piscatorum, Verrill. 
 
 AiDPr. .louni. Sc. and Arts, Third Seriw, vol. xviii., p. 470. 
 Tram. Conn. .\cad. ArfH and Sc., vol. v., p. .178. 
 
 " Le Have Bank, Nova Scotia, in 120 fathoms, taken by Captain John 
 McTnnis and crew, of the schooner M. H. Perkins, October, 1879," and 
 presented to the U. 8. Fish Commission (Verrill; op. cit., p. 378). One 
 female. 
 
 l«;*». 
 
 1881. 
 
 Octopus obesuh, Verrill. 
 
 Amer. Juum. He. and Arm, Third Serien, vol. xix., p. 
 Triuw. Conn. Acad. .\rt8 and .Sc., vol. v., p. 37U. 
 
 isr. 
 
 " Taken from the stomach of a halibut, 36 miles east from the N.E. Light 
 of Sable Island, in 160 to 300 fathoms, by Charles Buckley, of the schooner 
 H. A. Duncan, and presented by hioi to the U. S. Fish Commission, 1879. 
 " A smaller, mutilated specimen was also taken from the stomach of a hali- 
 but, from Banquereau, off N.S., in 1.% fathoms, (lot 678) and presented to 
 the U. 8. Fish Commission, by Captain Charles .Vlarkuson and crew, of the 
 
 iiiiM 
 
•ohuoner Notice, April, 1880. "The Utter specimen wm, howerer, in too 
 poor condition to afford »ny additional character!, and may, perhaps, belong 
 to 0. UhIui" (Verrill ; op. oit., p. 380). 
 
 OcTOPiTP LRXTCi, Verrill. 
 
 tMMO. Amer. .foiirn. Ha. am) Aru. Third St-rim, vol. xix., p. 198. 
 1881. Tnint. Cirnn. Acml. Artnind Nc., vol. v., p. 87». 
 
 The firat specimen of this species was taken off Nova Hootia, near Le 
 Have Bank, in 120 fathoms, by Captain Samuel Peeples mid crew of the 
 schooner M. H. Perkins, and presented to the U. 8. Fish Commission. " A 
 few others have since been brought in by the Ulouoester fishermen, from th« 
 Bank Fifheries. Mr. A. Agassiz dredged it on the 'Blake', in 1»80, as far 
 south as N. lat. 33' 42' 15". It ranges in depth from 120 to 603 fathoms " 
 (Verrill ; op. cit., p. .377). 
 
 Family Ptaroti, 
 Stauroteu-his STRTBxais, Verrill. 
 
 187!l. Ainrr. .roiirii. Sc. and AtU, Third SeriM, vol. xviii., p. 468. 
 1881. Tranx. Conn. Acad. Art> and He., vol. v., p. 383, 
 
 "The only known example of this remarkable species was taken by Capt. 
 r«!«lvin Oilpatrick and crew, schconer ' Polar Wave ', in N. lat. i3° 54 ; W. 
 long. 58° 44', on Banquereau, abo-jt 3 miles E. of Sable Island, N.S., in 250 
 fathoms. Presented to* the U. S. Fish Commission, Sept., 1879 (lot 472)" 
 Verrill ; op. cit., p. 384. 
 
 ARTHROPODA. 
 
 CRUSTACEA. 
 
 Serieii A. KXTUMO.STRACA. 
 
 cirrhipedi.^. 
 
 (Rhizocephala). 
 
 Peltooaster paouri, Rathke. 
 
 Henley Harbour, Chateau Bay, Labrador, one specimen on Eupagurtm 
 pHbetcens from shallow water, Stearns expedition (S. I. Smith, who says 
 that " Packard recorded the species from Maine, not Labrador" ). 
 
(TaoiuacA.) 
 
 Familj Ltpadidm. 
 
 LtPAS rAKicvLARM, Ellia Md Solnnder. 
 
 "Fwquently Uk«n in the Buy of Fundjr in Angutt" (Verrill, 1873). 
 
 In hi. 1863 "Li»t of Nov* SootUn Shells. " WillU m/i th«t "Anatifa 
 viltta, L»m. (I)" hM bara found "•bout Sable IiUnd;" and that A. hrmt 
 U "oommon." Sir J. W. Dawwn, alw, in hi> Hand fiook of Zoology, 
 publithed in 18)0, quote* Ltpat dtnMa, (Jould, a^ "oommon on the Atlantic 
 ooaat." But, AtuUi/a Imvii is laid to be a synonym of Lepat anali/*ra, L.; 
 and Ittptu dentala, of L. peetinala, Spenglnr. 
 
 ScALPirxuM StROitiii, M. Sara. 
 
 H.M.8. ChalUnger, 8 ation 49 (May 20, 1873), Muth of Halifax, Nova 
 Seotia, dredged in 85 fatho.-ni, gravel and stone*. 
 
 Family Balanithf. 
 Balanvs INPR0VISU8, Darwin. 
 Nova Sootia (Darwin, 1841). 
 
 Balaxui bala.<(oidis (L) 
 
 LtpaM Manoulr; L. (1787) I U»te IMrwin. 
 Biilaniii otulari; Guiild (1841). 
 Baliinui clongntiit, Gould (IWX). 
 Bttlnnut balanoide; StiniiMon (185^). 
 
 Grand Manan, "found abundantly, and generally of large sire, on the 
 rocks in the littoral zone. Several fine specimens were found attached to 
 living examples of Littorina liiioralit " (Stimpson). " Extramely abundant 
 between tides. It inhabits the whole North Atlantic" (V\rrill) Near 
 Caribou Island (Packard). 
 
 BAtAxrs orbxatus, Brugui^re. 
 
 BalanuM ertnalut, Brugui^re {179H) f tette Dsrwin. 
 Balanui ruf/onit, Cionld (1841), 
 
 Gasp^ Bay, "common on stones near the shore" (Sir J. W. Dawson, 1858). 
 "The common beach 'acorn shell,' which appears abundantly on all rocky 
 coasts" (Sir J. W. Daw«)n, Hand Book of Zoology, 1870). "A common 
 species, found along the whole coast " on the north side of the Strait of 
 
«5 
 
 Balle III*, and of Ubndor (PKokard). Dr. Ball dradgwl tpMimMu, that 
 appaar to be rafarabia to thU ipaoiaa, at Aahe Inlat, Hodaon Strait, in 1884. 
 Hir J. V.'. DawMM) (who nayt that "it Mema to be L«pat balnmaru of 
 Fabrioius") •tatua that B. ertnaitu h<t'< bean found foaail in the PlaiitocaDa 
 of Fbrtland, Maine; of Ht. John, N.B.; of Ant'ooati, Ririira du Loapi 
 Qnabao and Montreal ; of Labrador and Vanoouvar Iiland. 
 
 Balanus porc ' 'I, Da Coata. 
 
 Ooaptf Bay, "on iitonea in 10 fathoms " (Sir J. W. Dawton, 18S8). Naar 
 Caribou Iilnml ; and whole coaMt of Lvbrodur, " found only in deep water " 
 (Packard). 
 
 FoMil at Beauport, bat much more rare in the Pleistocene ol Canada than 
 £. Hamtri. B. purtaius in " no doubt Ltpiu Manui of Fabriciui frun 
 Greenland"* (Sir J. W. Dawson). 
 
 Balamui Hamcki, Ascaniu^. 
 
 "Coant of Nova Hcotia. I have obtained xpecimenit from Mr. Itowneit, ~* 
 Halifiis, but have not eltcwhere aean the >peci«>a recent. It ia B. UddevalUntiM 
 uf lista i>f Scandinavian foiiiils and B. tulipa of Miiller. It ia a widely 
 diffused Arctic anti Xorth Atlantic species." 
 
 " Fo<i«il —Montreal ; St. Nicholas; Queliec; Anticoeti; Riviere du Loup; 
 also, Uddevalla ; Kus«ia (Murchiaon) : Urrenland (S{iengler)." 
 
 " This Acorn-shell is very abundant at Riviere da Loup, and flne speci- 
 wena are found entire, attached to Htnneit an>l bouUlers in the boulder clay." 
 
 " Very ftne apecimens are aUo obtained at River Beaudette, about 34 miles 
 west (' Montreal. This locality ix noteworthy aa bt-iug furthttr weat than 
 the othera mentioned. The Bpecimon.4 are also interesting from their remar- 
 kable perfection and the large mnsaes which thvy form, mime of which contain 
 as many as a dozen individuals attnche'l to each other. They were collected 
 by Mr. A. W. MoNown, of Riviirre Beaudette, and by Mr. Stanton, C.E., of 
 Lancaster " (Sir J, W. Daw»on).t 
 
 The names of Balantu miner, Lamarck, and B. geniculatui, Stimpson, are 
 also included by Willis, in 1863, in his List of Nova Hcotian Shells. 
 
 CORONULA UIADRMA, L. 
 
 Oosptt Bay, on skin of whales (Sir J. W. Dawson, 1858). "Sable Island, 
 whale's back " (Willis, 1863). Near Caribuu Island, un the grampus ; and 
 " taken quite frequently from the skin of whales caught in the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence " (Packard). 
 
 * The Canadian Ice A(?e, Ac, p. 2fi3. 
 t Idem, vp. 202 and 263. 
 
91« 
 
 CoBORULA >ioi>A, Darwin. 
 
 ■ t n ■hrmb of tba tkin o( Um humpback whalo in one of liui wImI« houM* " 
 (in iimnpi Bay) " »• found a ■pooinien whicb ourrMpomit sxaetly with 
 Darwin'* daaoripliun ol thi* tpcviMt, hitharto uUtaincd only from Um t'aeiUc. 
 It ia full Ki^wn, baing naarly two inaiiaa in diamator, and wm imljaddad 
 naarly to the ■amiuit in tha (kin. It may ba easily dlitin^uinbail from tba 
 oominon whale liarnaola, C. tliadenm, l>y it* Hattanad form, ita low and 
 •mouth rib* delicately marked wilh radiation* and tranaveraa rib* with 
 ■inuta tubercle* at the intpmeotion*, »nd by tha thitine** of it* radial plate*. 
 It would kia intaraating to know if thla Coronula ia peculiar to tba hump, 
 back, which ia vary probably an Arctic *pecie« viaiting both the Paoific and 
 Atlantic" (riir J. W. Dawaon, in the CaiMdian Naturalist and Ueolo)oatfur 
 OetoUr, 185M). 
 
 COPRPODA. 
 
 LnxAA iiRAsruiALii), L. 
 
 £eri«dM hranekiatit^ L. i ft auct. 
 
 Ltrmrt hmnthialit, vitr. niyntuxira (.StmiMtru|i »ml Liitkra) 
 ». I. l4inith(IH«3). 
 
 A few Rpacimeni that 8timp«on referred to ihi* specie*, with a query, ware 
 " found flxad in the flesh of the neck in young cod-fishes " at (Jrand Manan ; 
 and Verrill *ay* that L. hranehitUi* is '* found attached to the gills of tlia 
 cod, in the Bay of Fundy." 
 
 1'rofeaaor S. I. Smith says that one specimen of the var, tigtmritUa, without 
 apaoial locality, is among the specimens obtainnd by the Stearns expedition. 
 Packard, he adds, gives no special locality for his specimens, ami stiys that 
 thay were " attached to the akin of the ciKitua, w: t i makes it a'tnitst certain 
 that he obaerved some entirely different parasite." 
 
 Calious curtum, Miiller. 
 
 OtIiguM t>trtv, Mtitler (17N5) ; «t aiict. 
 
 Calvjut Anuticanut, PirkurinK ami Uaiw (1838). 
 
 "Abundant upon the codfish of our coast nnd of Europe. It is probably 
 the CcUigu* jtiicinu* of Gould and other American writers," which Stinipson 
 lays is "found in great abundance on the surface of the halibut" at Grand 
 Manan; S.I.Smith (Verrill, 1873; Rep. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1871-1872, 
 p. .■575). 
 
 ARocLua. (Species undetermined.) 
 
 On G<.3tero»teui and other small flsl -s taken in a towing net off Pictou 
 Island, N.8., by the writer in 1873. 
 
 i I IS 
 
IIT 
 
 Im vt Patuiomi, Tamptotea. 
 
 fitrM*\ ■pwliMiw «>f a »M«ll oofwpod, Uken Ijy thi> writer in • towing net 
 in the Uolf of 8t Uwrww, In 1873, wei* idtntiAml with thi« ipMla* by 
 ProfcMor a. I. Smith. 
 
 Other .ppoimenii of • co|)epod, Uk«n by the writer in • towing net, ne»r 
 the Magdalen UUndi And iit other loc»litie<i in the Oulf of 8t. Uwrem-e, 
 btkve be«n tappueed to b'* referable to the (;.i/rtiiM« Finm^rcKieui of Gunner, 
 of which the C»toeh*ilu» tpttntrionatu, B«ir»i, ia • ■yneii/m. 
 
 (MTRACODA. 
 
 The following i.pecie«, dredged In the Oulf of «t. I^wrence by Hir J. W. 
 I>»wion, the writer, end othcn., up to 1869, were identified by Mr. O. 8. 
 Bntdy, wnd recorde<l by him in the A«.i«lii end .M»«»/ine of N»tur»l 
 Hlitory for Deoeinljer, 1«70, end in the Hftli volume of the Second Seriee of 
 the " CanediAn Netuniliit." 
 
 ArfilkiMiK. •■>■ 
 Cytiw-i* leiiKlrtiiin, NuriiittU. 
 ,. Iiit4>it, Miillrr, 
 IH-lliiciiU, Ikiirl. 
 HiiiitrKiiUitii, San, ap. 
 (iiiii'innii, .limi'K 
 i> tulwrculuU, H«ra 
 II CKni»li'n»i». iii>> ^p. 
 ,1 villowti H*r". 
 .. l>uiw-lnii'ii«i», Nornian, •!>. 
 I. iHwthiiiif iviv. i*|i. 
 I, aliyiuiixilit, Sunt, «!>. 
 r Wliitfi, Itoinl, .p. 
 oimtiita, Brxly. 
 Cythfrirtt-tt |»|iill<«i», Bmiqiirt. 
 
 The writer's sul>«e<|U8nt dred^injjx in 1871-72-73 »flde<l many more 
 ■pecimpmi of the foregoing, »nd the following additional specie*, as identified 
 subiequently by Mr. Brotly and Mr. David UoUrtvtn. 
 
 ryllH'fiilra iHinetilUt*. ItmHy. 
 
 II HiirUymm. iIkih'ii. 
 
 II ir)i'l<inf(ata, llnwiy. 
 
 KiH'ytheiv Arir<i>i *t«r«. "p. 
 Ix>xiici>ni-hA, 'p. 
 Xl1lt(l^'tl*'nl* iU-|»rf«iin, Hara. 
 Cytlwmr* imilata, Sar< (var). 
 
 Iinmila, C, II.. hikI K. (M.S.). 
 (?Ktjnci-ntru'ii.('.,H.,» KitM.S.I. 
 Cytlirniptiiroii ikiiIimiiiii, tWn>\y. 
 BythiieytliiTi- tiiruida. Sura. 
 Cytlit-ri'li i< fmwiliila, iinv. ap. 
 I'hil<iiniili<i> intirpuiiuta, lluiril, up. 
 HnMlycillrtua, ap. 
 
 I Cyth<'r"p»«"riin iircuutum, Itr. ami Koli. 
 i It niiKulutum. Hr. antl Koli. 
 
 vea(»'rlilit»? Kt'iii*.!. 
 ScI»*nK.'liiIuN ctiiititrCUH, Nunnan. 
 
 Cytliiw limicola. Nuniiaii. 
 I, iKwIia? Nonnaii. 
 Krithe(llyol>aU'») lUrUminaia, Joiifa. 
 CytluTtira SiraiiMtraily. 
 
 crialata, Hraily uml Cro» koy. ' 
 
 Of tliese, Vythfrt Dawnoni, C'yth«rid''a papil/om, V. punrtillata, C. Sorby- 
 ana and Encythtre Arijn», have also lieen found fossil in the l^eda clay of 
 Montreal. 
 
 The typoa of the recent Cyjiridina ereiitt, Stimpson, an- from Oraiid 
 Mannn, among nullipores in 4 or 5 fathom?- and specimens that are supposed 
 to be referable to this species have been dredged in the (Julf of St. liAwrence 
 by the writer, and on the Labrador coast by Packard. 
 
218 
 
 Serie« H. MALACOHTRACA. 
 LBHT08TRACA (OF PHVLLOCARIDa). 
 
 Nebalia BIPR8 (Faltricius). 
 
 CanetT biptt, O. Fabriciua (17H0). 
 Nebalia bipt; Packard (1807). 
 
 Specimens that have been identified with this species by Pmfessor S. I. 
 Smith, were dredged by the writer on the Bradelh- Bunk, and about half 
 way ,«>t<reen Anticosti and the Gasp*? peninsula, in 220 fathoms, in 1873. 
 Pacicard had previously dredged i\\ hipea at Henley Harbour, Strait of Belle 
 Isle, "at a depth of 4 to 8 fathoms." 
 
 AUTHROSTRACA. 
 
 Ampiiipoda. 
 
 Thirty-three species of Aniphipoda are enumerated or described in Stimp- 
 son's " Synop«i9 of the .Mnrine Irivertebrata of Grand Manan," published in 
 the sixth volume of tlio Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. The 
 nomenclature of these species has since been reviewed at some length and 
 revised, by the Rev. Thou)as H. K. Stel)bing, on pages 276-79 of the first 
 half of the text of his Report (Zoology, vol. xxix.) on the Amphipoda 
 obtained by H.M.S. Challenger. Twenty-five species of Amphipoda are 
 recorded or described by Packard, in his " View of the Recent Invertebrate 
 Fauna of Labrador," published in 18C7,* but eight of these are also in 
 Stimpson's list. The nomenclature of the species collected by Packard near 
 Caribou Island in 1860, and on the coast of Labrador in 1864, has been 
 revised (in 1883) by Professor 8. I. Smith,! who, also, has determined all 
 the species dredged in the (Julf of St. Lawi-ence by the writer in 1871, 
 1872 and 1873, and those obtained on the Ubrador coast by the Stearns 
 expedition in 1882. 
 
 Family ffyperidti'. 
 
 Hypkroche mbdusarum (Kroyer). 
 
 MetiK'ut mnlntaruiii, Kriiyer (1838). 
 Huptrm iiuiiuKiriim, I'uckanI (LHOT). 
 Hiiftrocht miilumrin.i. ISoTalliliii (IMH"). 
 
 Taken at or near the surface, in the towing net, l)etween Anticosti and 
 the (Jasp^ peninsula, by the writer in 1873. //. medutamm had previously 
 
 • Alemuira i>f tlii' IIimUiii S<wiety <if Natiir .1 Itiatory, vol. i., pp. 2tW 303. 
 t I'nicewlinffs of the I '. .H. N»tii>iial .Miik^iiiii, voL vi., pp. 22ft-230. 
 
319 
 
 been recorded as having been "found, with numerous young, in the stomach- 
 cavity of Cyanea aretiea, at Domino Harbour, Labrador, in 1864, by 
 Packard. 
 
 Paratiiemisto OHLiviA (Kniyer). 
 
 •I'lt ^" <«"-'!ia, Kni.wiT (lt*38). 
 Pitnitlttm '■■■••> .-''/.■■••'(. H»r»(18!Xl). 
 
 Found in tl,c bag .t' tl-. dredge, by the writer, while dredging in 30 
 fathoms, ix .ules RN B. i Cape Oaspt-, in 1872; and in 210 fathoms, 
 about ha,' Vi v tw^t veon Oap des Hosiers and South-west Point, Anti- 
 costi ; but in both cases ^-obably taken near the surface, or at some distance 
 from the bottom. 
 
 EUTIIRMISTO LIllKLtULA (Mandt). 
 
 Bradelle Bank, dredged by the writer in 187.3 ; young specimens, perhaps 
 also caught at or near the surface. The species has since been taken at 
 Davis Strait and Greenland, by H.M.S. Valorous, in 1875. 
 
 (EUTIIEMISTO BISPINOSA (Boeck). 
 
 Taken by H.fti j. Challenger in 1873, at Stations 46 and M, south of 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia, but at so great a distance from tiie coast as to be 
 practically outside of the area embrace<l within the limits of this paper. 
 The species, however, has been collected off Martha's Vineyard, Mass., by 
 the C S. Vish Commission, and in Davis Strait by H.M.S. Valorous, so that 
 it may be expected to occur in the Gulf of St. Ijiwrence). 
 
 Family Cajn-ellidtr.. 
 
 CaPRELLA LINEARIS (L.). 
 
 .Squilhi l<jlititii, O. Fabririiis (I'W)). 
 Ciir.ftUn Mjiita (Kriiyer) Stiiiiiwoii {Wt3). 
 Cuprella trptentrionalin {KtityiT) Packard (1W57). 
 Capnila Uittarii (U); tide HtwbbinR (IIWH). 
 
 Grand Manan, "among nullipores in 4-6 fathoms'' (Stimpson). Abundant 
 
 along the whole coast of Labrador in from 4 to ."iO fathoms, among weeds 
 
 (Packard). 
 
 CaPRBLLA BANIlUIfJEA, Gould. 
 
 Grand Manan, a very common species in the higher levels of the lami- 
 narian zone. " It may be distinguished from the others^^by its very slender 
 antenna' and proportionately large hands " (Stimpson). 
 
990 
 
 Caprella L0!iaiMAXU8, Stinipaon. 
 1883. Synopa. Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. 44. 
 Grand Mauan (sJtiinpsoii). But, according to Stebbing (in the twenty- 
 ninth volume of the Zoological KeporU of the Challenger Expedition, page 
 276) in Mayer's opinion, both this species and the preceding are "too briefly 
 described for recognition, though the latter may o C. acanthi/era, Leach." 
 
 Caprella Stimpsonii, Spence Bata 
 
 Caprella Stimpioni, Sjwnce Bate (1862). 
 
 Caprtlla rohuila, Htimpson (1853) : non Dana (1832). 
 
 Grand .Manan, "dredged on a rocky bottom, in 12 fathnms, back of Duck 
 Island ledge " (Stinipson). 
 
 JEmmA 8PIN08I88IMA (Stiiopson). 
 
 "This lieautiful species was dredged in great numbers adhering to 
 GemeUaria dum-m. in 10 fathoms off Cheney's Head," Grand Manan 
 (Stirapson). 
 
 In the original description, the back and sides of this species are said to 
 be covered everywhere with " sharp broad-based spines, some of which are 
 verj- long." But, Miers says that the largest specimen collected by the 
 naturalists of the Arctic Expedition in 1875-76 has "but few very small 
 spines and many indistinct very small tubercles." Hence it may be that an 
 amphipod from the Bradelie Bank, dredged by the writer in 1873, and 
 referred to in an official report of that year, as a large, tuberculated species 
 of Caprella, raa; be referable to .E. spinogissima. 
 
 ! i 
 
 Family Dulichidie. 
 DuLicHiA PORRECTA, Spcnce Bate. 
 
 Dnlichia porrc^ta, Packard (fide Boeck). 
 A " rarely found species " on the Labrador coast (Packard). 
 
 Family Corophidir. 
 UsCltLA IRRORATA, Say. 
 
 Grand Manan. " It inhabits invariably sandy bottoms, usually in the 
 laminarian zone, but is occasionnlly found at low-water mark " (Stimpson). 
 Bay of Fundy (S. I. Smith). H. M. S. Challenger, Station 49 (May 20, 
 1873) south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 8-5 fathoms, gravel and stones. 
 
 Eij'mont Bank, N.E. o! Shediac Bay, in 4J fathoms, dredged by the writer 
 in 1873. Caribou Island (Packard). 
 
 I '■■ 
 
SSI 
 
 Ericthokiub difformm, Milne Edwards. 
 
 Eriehlhoniut difformi; M. Edwards (1830). 
 
 Ceraput rubtieomit, (Stiin|Moii (IMVI) 
 
 CerapuB nibiformit, Packard (18fi7) ; tide S. I. Smith. 
 
 " This species was dredged abundantly on stems of Bdtenim in 20 fathoms, 
 rocks, off Muose Tnlet " (Grand M;inan), " towards the Seal Islands. It 
 afterwards occurred sparingly in 10 fathoms, off Cheney's Head, and in S.") 
 fathoniH, off Duck Island. Specimens occurred on the tenth of August, with 
 eggs, which were hatched on the 25th of the same month." 
 
 " The Cerapus rubricornia inhabits flexible tubes, of sizes corresponding 
 to that of the individuals, composed of fine mud and some animal cement by 
 which it is agglutinated. These tubes are generally adherent for about 
 one-half their length, and closed below. They are usually found in large 
 groups, attached to submarine objects, and to each other. The animals are 
 very active, protruding and retracting the anterior ^lurtion of their bodies, 
 while their antennip are in continual motion, lashing about in search of 
 some object which might serve for food. It is very amusing to watch a 
 colony of these animals, with their comical gestures in their disputes with 
 each other, and their awkward celerity in regaining their respective tubes 
 after having left them on temporary excursions " (Stimpson). " Inhabits 
 flexible tubes in I/alecium haheinum. Eight fathoms, sand, Carilxw Island, 
 Strait of Belle Isle. The young had just been hatched on June 20th " 
 (Packard). 
 
 Family /'odoceridc. 
 
 * PoDOCERUS NITIDUS, Stimpson. 
 
 18.^3. SyiiDiw. Marine Invert. (Jrand Manan, p. -1.5. 
 C I -"an, "dredged in 30 fathoms on a shelly bottom in the H;ike 
 
 Bii}' on). 
 
 PoDOCERUS pucicoLA (Htimpson). 
 
 Ceriipus fitrirfjfa^ Stiiiiptton (1853). 
 Prxlitcfrim fucinilti, S. I. Smith (1«"3). 
 
 (irand Manan, inhabiting " slender tubes, which are found in considerable 
 
 numbers on large alj;a' in the laminariun zone" /Stimpson). Common in 
 
 the Bay of Fundy (Smith). 
 
 AmPHITIIOK PUNCT.tTA, Say. 
 
 Amphithnc pnnHntn, Say (1818) ; tide S|»'nct' Hate 
 Amphith'ie rircKcn^^ StimiMdn (1853). 
 
 Grand Manan, "dredged in 4 fathoms on a nullipore bottom, off Duck 
 Island boat-moorings " (Stimpson). 
 
MS 
 
 Amphithos podoceroidbs, Rathke. 
 
 AmphitKoe podoMroidt$, Rathke (1843). 
 
 Ami)kithot marulata, StimiMon (1853) ; ftnd Packard (1M7). 
 
 Grand Manan, "on rooky bottoms in the coralline zone, and occasionally 
 at low-water" (Stimpson). Henley Harbour, Strait of Belle Isle, in 8 
 iathoms (Packard). In hij report on the Challenger Amphipoda, however, 
 the Rev.T.R-R.Ste^bing doubts whether Stimpson's A. maeulata is suitici' atly 
 distinct from A. ^ncteUa. 
 
 Family Ampeliteidm. 
 
 Ampilisca typica, Spence Bate. 
 
 Egmont Bank, Northumberland Strait, also between the Egmont Bank 
 and Shediac Bay, dredged by tne writer in 1873. 
 
 f^ !^ 
 
 Ampelisca Eschrichtii, Kri:yer. 
 
 Specimens of this species were dredged by the wiiter iu 1872, seven miles 
 W. by N. of Cap des Rosiers, in 1 10 fathoms ; six mileo E.N.E. of Cape Uasp^ 
 n 30 fathoms, and eleven miles from Perc^ in 60 fath- ms ; also in 1873, in 
 Qasp^ Bay, 30 fathoms, and on the Orphan and Bradelle banks. The species 
 had previously been taken by Packard in 1860 at Caribou Island, in 14 
 fathoms, and specimens from this locality are stated to have been identified 
 by Dr. Stimpson, and Mr. A. Boeck. 
 
 I ;! 
 
 Ampblisca macrocephala, Lilljeborg. 
 
 Amprlitca mncroeephain, Lillj«)>org (1852). 
 
 Paeudopkthalnius pelagicui, Stimpsun (1853). 
 
 AmpeliKa pelagiea, Packard (1863 and 1867); fide S. I. Smith. 
 
 " Taken on a soft muddy bottom in 35-50 fathoms off Long Island, Grand 
 Manan, and in 30 fathoms sand in the Hake Bay " (Stimpson). Dredged 
 by the writer in 1873, between Cape Bear, P.E.I., and Pictou Island ; also 
 in Northumberland Strait, between Kiohibucto and Miramichi. Carilwu 
 Island, F.Q., in 8 fathoms sand ; Chateau Buy, (opposite Belle Isle) in 30 
 fathoms ; Stag Bay (Labrador), in 10 fathoms ; Long Island, in 15 fathoms ; 
 nd near Strawberry Harbour, in 14 fathoms (Packard). 
 
 Haploops tdbicola, Lilljelwrg. 
 
 Bay of Pundy (S. I. Smith). Gasp^ Lay, 30 fathoms (Whiteaves). Cateau 
 Harbor, Long Island, ten miles above Domino Harbour, l^abrador, in 15 
 fathoms (Packard). 
 
 il 
 
 iLi 
 
323 
 Haploops aETOsA, fioeck. 
 
 " I have received specimens under this name from Prof. 8. I. Smith, which 
 were Ulcen in the Bay of Fundy, N.E. Ameriofc I am inclined, however, 
 to think that th«y ahould be referred to Ilaploopi robuata, O. O. Hars " 
 (Rev. Canon Norman).* 
 
 Similar specimens were dredged by the writer in 1872 and 1873, off Cape 
 George, N.S. ; Port Hood, C.B. j and the east point of Prince Edward 
 Island ; on the Bradelle Bank ; in Gaspe Ba ; off Cape Gaspe and Cap 
 des Rosiers ; in from 30 to 110 fathoms. 
 
 Byblis Oaimahdii (Kriiyer). 
 
 Amptliiea Oaimardi, Packard (18«7». 
 
 ByUf Oaimardii (Kriiyer) S. I. Smith (18«3). 
 
 Casco Bay and the Bay of Fundy, on muddy bottoms, in 10 to 60 fathoms 
 (S. I. Smith, 1872). In the same year the writer dredged specimens of it in 
 the Gulf of 8t. Lawrence five miles and a quarter to the E.8.E. of Bonaven- 
 ture Island ; and in 1873, on the Bradelle Bank ; and between it and Miscou 
 Island, in 45 fathoms ; also between Cap d'Espoir (Despair) and Grand 
 Pabou, in 50 and 70 fathoms. Packard says that it was not uncommon in 
 Chateau Bay, Labrador, in 30 fathoms, and at Cateau Harbour, Long 
 Island, in 15 fathoms, sand. 
 
 Family Gammi rid'H. 
 Gamharcs locusta (L.?) J. C. Fabricius. 
 
 Oamnmrui lixutta, J. C. Fabriciu,* (1775). 
 (hiiKui paler, O. Fabriciua (17f<0). 
 Oammarut ornofin, Milno Kdwardu (1830). 
 Oammarut pulex, Stimpaon (1863). 
 UnmmarHt m«<a«m (Lilljeborg) Packard (18C7). 
 
 The common " beach flea " or " sandhopper " of the Gulf of St. I^wrenco. 
 Abundant at or near low- water mark, on sandy shores, throughout the whole 
 district. Common also on the Labrador coast (Packard); Greenland (O. 
 Fabricius) ; and more recently, taken by Bell at Port Burwell, Cape Chud- 
 leigh, Hudson Strait. 
 
 Gammabacavthus macrophthalmus (Stimpson). 
 
 Gammarm macrophthalmui, Stimpaon (1853). 
 OammaraeatUkui macrophthnhnui, Spence Bate (1802). 
 
 Grand Manan, " dredged on sandy bottoms in the laminarian zone, an-i 
 occasionally taken at lowwt ■ mark " (Stimpson). 
 
 • Annals and Magazine of Natural History for April, 1900. p. 346. 
 
SM 
 
 Ahathilla Homari (J. C. Fabricius) 
 
 A$taeut Homari, J. 0. Kahriciiu (ITTU) i 6dp 8t«bbin|r. 
 Onihnu annariut, O. Fabriuiua (1780) ; fide Haiwfn. 
 Ilnmmarut Sabini, Leach (ItllS) ! an t Mtimpaon (1853). 
 Amotkilln Bomuri, Stebbing (1M8H). 
 
 Grand Manan (Stinipaon) ; Greenland (O. Fabricius). 
 
 M^BA Das<i: (Stimpson). 
 
 Lrptolkoc Dnnrr, Stim|Mon (IWiS). 
 Mara Darur, Hivnco Bate (1862). 
 
 Grand Manan. " This speuies inhabits the loiiiinarian zone, and seems to 
 prefer for its refidence patches of sandy bottom, on which there are numerous 
 weedy rooks. I have frequently taken what appeared to be the young, in 
 the coralline zone. It is more sluggish in its motions than is usual with 
 s:r.phipods " (Stimpson). 
 
 . 1 
 
 I . ! 
 
 M.ERA. (Species undetermined.) 
 
 Off Cape (ieorge I'ghthouse, N.S., in from 22 to ."JO fathoms, dredgefl by 
 the writer in 1873. 
 
 Melita dkntata (Kriiyei). 
 
 'laiiimarHf deiUutiit, Kriiyer (1S42) ; and Packard (18(>7). 
 iin:nnutni$ purpuralut, Stiminton (IH.'U)}. 
 Utlita dtntttta, n<>«cl( (1870). 
 
 Jrand Manan, " taken on a sanily Iwttom, in 12 fathom!, off Cheney's 
 Head " (Stimpsim). Common in the Bay of Fundy (S. I. Smith). Dredged 
 by the writer in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, off Bonaventare Island, in SO 
 fathoms, in 1872 ; and lietween the Bradelle Bank and Miscou Island, in 
 45 fathomn ; also in Gasp^ Bay, in ."50 fathoms, in 1873. Strait of Belle Isle, 
 15 fathoms, mud; Chateau Bay, 20 to 30 fathoms; and Square Island, 
 Labrador, in 15 to 30 fathoms (Packard). 
 
 Melita Goesii, Hansen. 
 
 Dredged by the writer, in 1873, between Port Hood, C.B., and the east 
 point of Prince Edward Island ; off Cape George, N.S.; nnd between Cap 
 d'Espoir and Grand Pabou, in 70 fathoms. Figured by Goes as a form of 
 Afelita dentata (S. I. Smith). 
 
 m 
 
 «■■■■ 
 
335 
 
 Melphidippa, (SiMuiM undetermined.) 
 
 About half way between Anticouti and the Oaap^ peninaula, in 22^ 
 fathoms ; aUo (a fragment) off Richibuoto, N.B., in U fathoms ; dredged 
 by the writer in 1873. 
 
 LBPTOCiiBiRt;8 piNociB (Htimpson). 
 
 Ptiloektirut piniiuit, .StimpKn (18B3). 
 t-fptockeinu pinguit. Htabljing (1888). 
 
 " Thin species is abundant on the whole coast of New England, as well as 
 at Grand Manan. It is most abundant on sandy bottoms in the laminarian 
 zone ; although sometimes occurring at low- water mark, as at Fisher's Cove ; 
 or in the coralline zone, as in 2.') fathoms, off Duck Island " (Stimpson). 
 "Common on the whole coast of New England upon muddy bottoms and 
 north to Labrador. In depth it extends down to 160 fathoms, and probably 
 much farther" (S. I. Hmilh). In the «ulf of St. Lawrence, it has been 
 dredged by the writer on the Bradelle Bank, and between it and Miscou 
 Island ; also between Cape Bear, RE. I., and Pictou Island, N.S.; and at 
 two localities in Northumberland Strait. 
 
 Family Pardalitcidee. 
 Pardallsca cuspidata, Kr6yer. 
 Off Cape Bon Ami, Oasp^, in 30 fathoms, dredged by the writer in 1873. 
 
 Family Eusiridae. 
 
 Bdsirl's CU8P1DATU.S, Kroyer. 
 
 One lurpe specimen was dredged by the writer on the Orphan Bank, in 
 187.3, and others, in the northern part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in 1871. 
 
 RiiAcoTROPis AciiLEATUs (Lepechin). 
 
 Oni>c«« ticuUatiit, Leprchin (1780). 
 Amphitanotui KdimnUii, Packard (18f>7). 
 Tritropit anileatn, B<)«;k (1870). 
 Ehucotropii aeuUiila, Smith (1883). 
 
 Le Have Bank, Nova Scotia, in 4.5 and 60 fathoms, U. S. Fish Commission. 
 1872 (Smith and Harger) ; and H.M.S. Challenger, Station 49 (May 20, 
 187.3) south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 85 fathoms. Gulf of St. I^awrence, 
 on the Orphan and Bradelle banks ; in 56 fathom.s, 8 miles S.R of Bona- 
 venture Island ; and in 30 fathoms, off Cape Bon Ami, Ooape,— dredged by 
 15 
 
I '■>: 
 
 336 
 
 ^ writer. Square InlMid, Ubrvlor, »t a deptli ol 30 fothomi (Packard). 
 Henley Harbonr, 10-18 fathoms ; and Temple Bay, Labrador, In 10 fatbomt. 
 Bteamt expedition {». I. Smith). 
 
 Family Atylida, 
 HALiRAnu rtiLvociNcTua (M. Sbm). 
 
 Amfkitkoc futmeincia, M. Man (1800). 
 Unliragrt falvoeinrtut, Hfwck (1870). 
 
 Off Chebuoto He«l, Halifax Harbour. N.8., in 20 fathom^ loft inud'and 
 fine sand, with decaying »ea-weed, U. 8. Fish Commission, 1872 (Smith ami 
 Harger); and H.M.H. Challenger, Sution 49, (May 20, 1873) south of Hali- 
 fax, in 85 fathoms. Oulf of St. Uwrenoe, at Oasp^ Bay, in 30 fathoms • 
 and between Antioosti and the Oasp^ peninsula, in 220 fathoms,— dredged 
 by the writer. Henley Harbour, Strait of Belle Isle, 10 to 20 fathoms, 
 hard, weedy bottom (Packard). 
 
 Haliragbs BIBPIN081I8 (Spence Bate). 
 
 Dcxamine bitpinom, Hiwnov B»t« (1867). 
 Paramphitkoe flcgatu, Bruzeliuii ( 1869). 
 Atglu$ bifinom; Hfiencii B«te (18ti2). 
 Ualiraim biipinotu; Boeck (1870). 
 
 Henley Harbour, north side of the Strait of Belle Isle (Packard). 
 
 PojfTOOENEIA INERMIS (Krtiyer). 
 
 Amphitkot inrrmit and crtnuUttn, Kriiyef (1838). 
 Ipkimoiia rulgaru, Stimimon (1863). 
 Pontogmeia inermit, Bueck (1880). 
 Ais/lui vulyan; Packard (1867). 
 
 Grand Manan. Specimens of this species " may always be found in the 
 greatest abundance in the little pools left by the tide among the rooks near 
 low-water mark. They are very active, swimming about in all directions, 
 and seldom resting long in one p!«ce " (Stimp..on). The species " is abundant 
 in company with Catliopius l,rviu8cuh,s, about the Biy of Fundy in pools 
 left by the tide, and ranges north to Labrador and Greenland " (S. I. Smith). 
 Packard says that he has collected specimens of it at Henley Harbour in 4 
 fathoms ; Square Island, Labrador, in 15 fathoms; and Stag Bay, Labrador, 
 n " 16 fathoms, on a hard, weedy bottom " 
 
SS7 
 
 Calliopii;! lxviuiculdi (Krdyer). 
 
 AmphillMt Ittriitieulii, Ivrriyrr (IXMt. 
 i\illioft turiuieula, Sppnvo Bat« (1862). 
 (ViUi'ofiHi frrri'uwu/uf, huvck dST"*. 
 
 Tinejard Sound and northward to Greenland, northern Europe and 
 Spitzbergen. In the Bay of Fundy speciroena of this apecicH have been 
 taken, with the preceding ipeciet, by the U.S. Fiah Coinini.'"'ion. In the 
 Oulf of St. Lawrence, similar specimens were collected by the Anticosti 
 expedition of Ir<61, at the Magdalen Islands (where they are said to be 
 "abundai it the surface of the water in the caverns under eroded .<liffs)"i 
 also bv V vriter in 1872, by a towing net, at the surface. At Henley 
 Hi»rbc<ir, 1 Stag Bay, Labrador, specimens of it were dredged by Pr rkard 
 in 1864, >-,-,ociated with Ponlogewia inermU. 
 
 Family IphinuSidas. 
 Lafystiis 8T0KI0NI8, KrOyer. 
 
 A specimen which Professor S. I. Smith thinks is probably referable to 
 this speciei), was taken by the U.S. Fish Commission in 1871, "from the 
 back of a skate (Rata lin'i$) in the Bay of Fundy." 
 
 "Parasitic on Cottwi, Halifax, May, 187.)" (H.M.S. Challenger Reports, 
 Zoology, vol. XXIX., t«xt, second half, p. 899). 
 
 Family Epimeridif. 
 Epimeria loricata, O. O. Sars. 
 
 Eptmtria eonij/tr (eonnqtm) S. I. Smith ; Whlteave* (18T2). 
 Epimcria eami'iera, VerriU ; Smith ! and WhitcaveK (1874). 
 Epimerui lurieata, G. O. .S.rs (187»): and Smith (ll»l). 
 
 H. NT. S. Challenger, Station 49, (May 20, 187;i) south of Halifax, Nova 
 Scotia, lii 8.5 fathoms. Dredged by the writer in 1871, in 12-5 fathoms, 
 mud, six niile-i from shore, immediately opposite Cap des ilosiers lighthouse; 
 and in 212 fathoms, mud, off the east point of Anticosti, bearing S. by W., 
 twenty-four miles distant. Also, in 1872 and 187;*, about half way between 
 Anticosti and the Oaspe peninsula, in 200 fathoms. A brilliant coloured 
 species, and one of the most characteristic amphipods of the greatest depths 
 in the northern part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Sars says of it, " colour 
 a gorgeous red;" and again, "colour a magniflcent coral-red, a trifle more 
 vivid on the posterior margin of each segment" (Htebbing). 
 15J 
 
*» 
 
 Fwiiiljr tltutlidw. 
 
 m 
 
 PtBUiTU PAXorLui (KrtJyer). 
 
 Amfkitkot intu^, Kniyer (IMM). 
 fhuttn /lanoplu; Hfmnw U«t«(lWK>). 
 AntitkitMmutui eataphniiu; Packvd (lHa7). 
 
 H. M. H. Challenger, Stetion 49, (M«y 80, 1873) louth of H.IifM, Nov» 
 SootU, in 88 (athon» " "Ilonlcjr Harbour, at • depth of 4 fathoinn, aiuong 
 ir«eda. Not unoomuion " (Packard). L'Anie au Loup, Strait of Belle lale, 
 in 10 fathoiiM, one ipeoinieii, Steama expedition (8. I. Smith) Port Bur- 
 well. Cape Chudleigb, Hudiion Strait, Iteil (S. I. Smith). 
 
 Pliuitu Hicuapis (Khiyer). 
 
 " A single specimen of this ipeoies wag iient, with Atyiui ( PammphU/un} 
 
 tn»rmu" " to the Museum of Yale College by Packard." " No special 
 
 tooahty was giren for (he specimens, but th^y were most likely from Henley 
 Harbour, as that U the only locality given by Packard for the Alylus" IS I 
 Smith ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua, vol. vi., p. 2M). 
 
 Family Oediceridn. 
 
 OlOICEBOS LTNCKUV, M. 8«r», 
 
 iMlierrot hmrruii, M. San (ISfiil). 
 
 Uono^utodet nuhilalut, I'ackarcl (18(17) ; fide S. I. Sniiti, 
 H- M. a Challenger, Station 49, (May 20, 1873) south of Halifax, N„v» 
 Scotia, m 8i) fHthomH. " We drcdjje<l this species in the Bay of Fui.dy in 
 1868 and 1872, the latter year in 60 to 80 fathoms" (Smith and Hanger. 
 Oulf of St. Uwrence, on the Ilradelle Bank ; between Cap d'Espoir and 
 Little Pal.ou, a little to the north of the Baie des Chaleui-s, in 50 and 70 
 fathoms ; al.s.. in C.aspe Bay, in 30 fathoms ; (White.ivesV Caribou Island 
 8 fathoms. «aml (Packard). "At Henley Harbour," Strait of Belle Isle "a 
 female, with several younj; att«el,ed to the underside, was dredgrd in 4 
 fathoms the last of June," 1864 (Packard). Dredged by vhe Stearns 
 expedition on the north shore of the Strait of Belle Isle, at Forteau Bay in 
 20 fathoms, at L'Anse uu Loup in 15 fathoms, at Henley Harbour in 10-15 
 fathoms, and at Temple Bay in 10 fathoms (8. I. Smith). Port Burwell 
 Cape Chudleigh, Hudson Strait, Bell (8. I. Smith). 
 
 Obdiceros SAGiifATUs, Kriiyer. 
 Murray Bay, Sir J. W. Dawson (S. I. Smith). 
 
AcA!ITIIO«TIPUIA MALMOIIKRI, Oo*l. 
 
 Dredged by the writer in 1873, • Ijtti* to thr north of tha Daie del 
 Cbaleum, in 70 f»thoiM, Cap d'Espoir bearing S. ] W., »ix ntilet diiitMit. 
 
 MoNoouLODEa DKMiBMWM, Hiinipaon. 
 
 IKMb 8]rno|H. Marino Iii>rrt Orand Mmiiui, |i. M. 
 Grand Manan, " dredged in 4 fathoms, un a coarae mnil and nullipore 
 bottom, off Duok Taland boat-uiooringa " (Stiiiipaon), 
 
 MoNOrULODK* IIOHEALIS, llocclc. 
 
 Ortlirrroi afinit, (icxHi (IM'i.*) ; mm llrtiioliiia. 
 Uonnfulodti limnht {\S>i>-ck) 8. I. Smith (11*74). 
 
 Off Chcbucto Head, Halifax Harbour, in 20 fathonm, xoft mud and fine 
 land, with decaying neii-wetnl, U. S. Fish Comiiiinsion, 1872 (Smith and 
 Hnrgpr). 
 
 An undeteriainoil upecie* of Monnniloden wiis dredged liy the writer in 
 1872, in 60 fathoms, five mile* and a quarter E.H.E. of IJonavonture Island. 
 
 AcEiioa PiiYLi.ojiYX, M. Sars. 
 
 (Julf of St. Lawrenct, a little norih of the ISaie des Chalou>s, l)etween 
 Cap d'Eapoir and Orand Pabou, in 70 and ."lO fathoms, drrdge 1 the 
 
 writer in 1872. 
 
 PARAMPHITIIOK CATAPHBACTA (Stimpson). 
 
 Am/tlMho wtin cifl'iiilinwlic, Stiiiiiiwm (IH53). 
 Piiniiiiphilhof oitaphnirli, S. I. Smith (IH74). 
 
 (irand Manan, " in 10 fiitlioras, on a sandy bottom, inside of Duck Island 
 ledge" (Btimpson). Hay of Kundy, S-.oO fathoms (S. I. Smith). I^ Have 
 Bank, Nova Scotia, in 45 fathoiii.s, U. S. Fish Coniinission, 1872 (Smith and 
 Harger). Mouth of thi^ St. Lawrence River, nt Murray Hay. Sir. J. W- 
 Dawson (S. I. Smith). "Taken at Henley Ilarlour, Strait of lielle Isle 
 at a di.'Pth of 4 fathoms, among weeds. " Not uncommon" (Packartl). 
 
 Paramphithoe pulchella (Kroyer). 
 
 Off Casco Bay and in the Bay of Fundy. on hard bottoms, in from 40 to 
 90 fathoms (S. I. Smith). Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the Bradelle Bank, in 
 25 fathoms, dredged by the writer in 1873. 
 
: »i 
 
 AoA!rriio!(OTOioiiA MiiiiATrii (Fabricitt*). 
 
 HniVm ,rrr««, o. F»»iriciiM{ IT*)). 
 AmpkUhoe trn, Kr>>yrr (IIW). 
 AnntkomilHt trrnita., Htiffliwin (IHM). 
 rrpfumniw Mrra(.ia. H. I Mtiiilh (IMTJ). 
 AennlkomMiKnm* Krmfum, Him:!-, (IhTD). 
 
 Or.nd M.n.„. "In 33 f«tho...« ..„ • gravelly totto.u. north.e«st ..f Nan- 
 T^'L.T ^'*""'P'""> = " " '» ""' "n«^«n.»..." ..n h.rd Ix^ttom. in fr..u. 
 6 to 60 fathom, m th« lUy o( Fundy " ,S. I. Snuth). .JuU of Ht. Uwrenc, 
 on the Br«Ielle U.„k, luul ju.t inside ,.£ (Jwp.; Bay in .10 f«tho„.,, ^UM 
 by tb. wnter .„ 1873 iH-nd I l.nd. c...«t ot Ubrndor. .hall.w water, fn, 
 ■p«ciiiien ; mearnii exiieditioii (S. I. Smith), 
 
 AcAifTiioTozoMA ixrLATVM (Kriiyer). 
 
 Aranlk(mo>u$ injtutut, Kr<iyi-r{llU2\. 
 ArnnH'';^toiKi inlliitum. Bu-ck (IHTHi. 
 
 North .here of the Htrait of Bell« I,i„, «t i;An«o au Ix,i,p. i„ M f.thom. 
 rocky ljotU>i.i, one ipecimen ; Htpanis expedition (S. I. Smith). ' 
 
 AcAXTiiozoNB runpiDATA (f.«pechin). 
 
 Onifut futpiJatu; Lt'iicchiii (I7H0). 
 Arnrtlkoiriiu: riit/iHlfil,!, |to».|< (IHTni. 
 
 " Thi. >pecie« iH quite coi>..„on on hard, and especially on ,pon«v lx>ttorn, 
 in 6 to 40 f.tho.„, in the Bay of Fundy. although it's ■..t'^Zid"; 
 StimpHon m hi8 work on Urand Manan " (S. I. H,mth, 187l'> Le Have 
 Bank Nova Scotia, in 60 fathoms, U.S. Fish Oommission, 187-, fSmith 
 and HarKer). (;ulf of St. Uwren,. ; dredged by the writer in l«rroff 
 Cap de. Rosiers, in 70 to 80 fatho.ns ; and in 1873 on the Orphan Bank 
 where it wm fine and fr.,,uent. T.-n.ple IW", Ubrador, in 10 fathom, one 
 •peoinien ; Stearns expedition(S. I. Smith). 
 
 A species of Acanlhozone, which P,-ofessor Smith thinks is undescribed 
 wa. dredged by the writer in 1873, just inside of (Jasp^ Bay, i„ 30 fathoms! 
 
 Family /'untoporeidn'. 
 
 PosTOPOBEiA FKMORATA, Kroyer. 
 
 Oulf of St. Lawrence, five jjiles and a quarter E.S.E. of Bonaventure 
 Island m 60 fathoms, dred^^ by th.- writer in 1872. Belles Amours, .Strait 
 of Belle Isle, abundant in .5 to S fathoms, muddy bottom (Packard) Fox 
 Harbour, Labrador, 1-4 fathoms; Stearns expedition (H. I. Smith) 
 
iil 
 
 Family I'Kojtoefpkaluliv. 
 PHOxocBrHALca HotaotLi (Krtyer). 
 
 /•(■■ATM. HoUnlli. Kr..ytr (li»«), 
 PHvlut Knigtri, MtilulwJII lIMUI. 
 PknTorfphfilui MutMli. «i. O. HandWI). 
 
 Ownd Mannn, " tr.kcn lit low w»t»T murk, on « »«ndy »lior««, »t lli«h 
 Dack lilaml " (Ktiiiipron). " Kn.in l<>w water to JO fi«tlioiiin in the Hay of 
 Fundy "— coiuinoii (8. I. Hmith, \KT1). Oulf of Ht. l-awrence, thirty mile* 
 northcait of Cap de» Ko»i.m. 'J<»0 fallioiiw, mud ; dr«lg«Hl by th« writer 
 in 1872. L'Anw »u Uup, Strait of il«lle I«le, in 15 fathom., one i>peeiiiien ; 
 Hteurni expedition (H. I. Smiili). 
 
 Harpijiia ruMiroHMn (StimpKii). 
 
 Phitru* fiitifiirtiit*, HlltiiJiiMili I lKSa>. 
 Unrpinia funiUmtii, H. I. Smith (1872'. 
 
 Uraiid Manan, "dredgiKl on coarw) nanily iwttoniii, in the laminnrian iind 
 Doralline 7X>m'»" (Stinipwin). Hay of Fundy, in 20 to CO fatlioiin mw'Ay 
 bottom (S. I. Smith), tiulf of St. Ijiwrenc, dieil«ed l.y ih.' writer in 187-', 
 Hve mile* and a quarter E.S.E. of Fkinaventure Island, in tiO fatliomM ; and 
 in 1873, on the Bradelle Bank ; ulso eightei-n luilen eiit.t of Cape Oanp.', in 
 
 320 fathoms. 
 
 In the ChallonKer Heports, however, (Zoology, vol. %\\\., text, iimt half, p. 
 279) Slebbing kays that •' rho.rm J-nifomni, is identified by Spence liute 
 with I'hoxui idiimo$u», Kroyer, whith Boeck places in his genus llarpinia. 
 
 Family Syrrhoidir. 
 Syrriioe chkmulata, Ooes. 
 
 Ofr Grand Manan in 90 to 100 fathom", 1872 (S. I. Smith). Le Have 
 Bank, Nova Scotia, in 45 fathomn, U.S. Fish Commission. 1872 (Smith and 
 Hargei ). Oulf of St. Lawrence, just inside of Giisp»: Bay, in 30 fathoms, 
 dredged by the writer in 1873. 
 
 TiRON ACAiiTHURi'H, Lilljel)org. 
 
 Stirrhnt hinttpi; (itw* (1H65). 
 Tirtm iietiiUhuriii, Lillj' Uinf (IHR'i). 
 
 Le Have Bank, Nova Scotia, in 45 fathoms, U.S. Fish Commission, 1872, 
 (Smith and Harger). 
 

 232 
 
 Funil/ Lextcothoida. 
 
 LiDCOTHoa 0RANDIMANU8, Stimpaoo. 
 
 18BS. Synopfc Marine Invert. Orand Mmuui, p. 61 
 
 Family Stenothoidce. 
 Stknothob clypeata, Stimpson. 
 
 1863. Op. dt., p. 61. 
 
 Bar X^^)."'"^''^ '" '' '"''°°"' °" * ■**"' '°*'*"°-^'* *'"' ^'^' 
 
 Mbtopa GLACtALis (KrOyer). 
 
 Ltueoikoe glaeiiUii. Kriiyer (1842). 
 Metopa fflacialit, Bueck (1870). 
 
 Between the inner and outer integumenfai of specimens of Ascidiopsis 
 S:;tnTnMn'm3'' ''" ''"^^ ^" ^'^ «"" °^ ^^^ ^~' ^ *•»« 
 
 Family Sfegoeephalida: 
 Stkoocepbalus inflatus, Kroyer. 
 
 H. M. S. Challenger, Station 49, (May 20, 1873) south of Halifax in 85 
 fathom,. Gulf of St. Law^nce, dodged by the writer, in 1872, eigh; miles 
 8.E. of,Bonaventure Island m 56 fathoms ; also, in 1873, on the Bradelle 
 Bank ; a little to the north of the Baie desChaleurs, in 50 and 70 fathoms • 
 and due east of Mai Baie, in 1 10 fathoms. ' 
 
 In 1883 Professors. I. Smith expressed the opinion th^t Stegoce/Mu* 
 xnHat,» (Kroyer, 1842) is the same as Cancer ampulla (Phipps, 1774) 3 
 that the proper name for the species is Slegoeephalm ampulla 
 
 Rev. Thos. R R Stebbing, however, in his Report upon the Challenger 
 Amph.poda, published in 1888, adopts the namo 5. injlatus (Kroyer) 
 althoughlhe includes Cancer ampulla as one of its synonym.. On page 599 
 of that report, he says that, aeootding to Dr. Hansen, " Phipps' species 
 must be the same as Stegocephalus kesderi, Stuxborg." 
 
 Rev. Cunon Norman, in one of his recent papers on the British Amphiooda* 
 adopts the name S. injlatus (Kroyer) for this species, and says that it Tnot 
 the Cancer ampulla of Phipfw. 
 
 • Annals and Magazine of Natural History for July, 19«u, p. 32. 
 
MS 
 
 Family Lynianasiida. 
 LruiAyAX hpimifbba (Stimpson). 
 
 Lytianatm ipini/tra, Stimiwnn (1863). 
 Lytianaat ipini/era, Stebbing (1888). 
 
 Grand Manan, " dredged in 40 fathoms on a soft muddy bottom, off Long 
 Island" (Stimpson). 
 
 Obchohene minctus (Krbyer). 
 
 Anwiyx minulut, Kroyer (1846). 
 Onkamenc minvlut, Boeck (1870). 
 
 Henley Harbour, Strait of Belle Isle, in 10 to 15 fathoms, one specimen ; 
 Stearns expedition, 1882. "Not mentioned by Packard, but all the 
 specimens sent to the Museum of Yale College as ' A^wnyx Uorringii' are 
 apparently of this species, which occurs upon the New England coast, 
 and is sometimes very abundant in Vineyard Sound in winter " (S. 1. Smith, 
 1883). 
 
 (Onibimus Edwabdsii (Kroyer). 
 
 Animyx EJimrdtii, Kroyer (1840). • 
 Ottitimut Edvardiii, Boeck (1870). 
 
 " Atlantic coast " of Labrador "(Packard's collection). This species is 
 not mentioned by Packard, but a single specimen of it was sent, with 
 Anonyx nugax, by him to the Museum of Yale (College" ; S. I. Smith, 1883.) 
 
 Tbyphosa Horrisoii, Boeck. 
 
 ? "AnoHyx Hiirringii, fide IVieck," Packard (Ixi.Tj. 
 Tryphom Hurni-ffii, Boc-ck (1870) ; fide S. I. .Smith. 
 
 " Boeck undoubtedly had specimens of this species from Packai'dV collec- 
 tions, for he (Skandinaviske og Arktiske Amphipoder, p. 184) distinctly 
 
 mentions it as having been found in Labrador by Packard, but " "all 
 
 the specimens sent by Packard under the above name to the Museum of 
 Yale College belong to Boeck's genus Orchomene, so that it is doubtful if the 
 • common form occurring abundantly on the coast of Maine,' was the same 
 species as the specimens sent to Boeck " (S. I. Smith, 1883, Proc. U. S. Nat. 
 Mu-., vol. VI, p. 227). 
 
3S4 
 
 Anontx mvoAx (Phippa). 
 
 Cmnetr nunax, Phippi (1774). 
 Anon;^ lat/mu, Krdjrer (1838). 
 Ahoh^x appendieulafa, Kroyer (1888). 
 Ayumifx hoW», 8timp«,i, (1863) ; fide Stubbing. 
 Anongx ampulla (Phipp.) Paclurd (1867). 
 Anonyx laijt«a, Packard (1807). 
 tgiianatm appendieulala, Packaid (18«7). 
 
 flau"£°tfrr^^- v*''"^*'''''" *" conside^ble number, on the «„dy 
 
 bottr^l! M '•"'^ """''^^ Harbour, in 40 fathom., on a iy 
 
 f^S *'"*''^°"''«' ^'^»' '""d (^- a;,/W.V„;„to); and Atlantic c<Slt of 
 .^d'^8? *' S'T''" ""■'""'' '-"''''''"' ^y- -^ fathom, "aZva? 
 
 ptlL H r'^r^^"'''''"''''''' ^-^•- « f«t»>oms.»nd(^.74^ : 
 Packard. Henley Harbour. 10-15 fathoms; and Fox Harbour 3 fZ^Zi 
 
 by Kroyer to be th.s specie,, but it really belong, to Kroyer', «nu8 
 
 appear donbtfu what ,pecie. Packa.d included under • ,nyx ampulla 
 
 (Phipp.) were .t not that he *»y, that it wa, ' compai^ , , ara.cTlli 
 
 mens received from Copenhagen.' which seem, to leav^. , .i. AJ ^ e^ 
 
 had m view An<y,iyx nugarc, although he sub^jquenl ' ^ 
 enumerated this Mme .pecies under two other name, 
 Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. vi., pp. 226 and 227). 
 
 ndicated above, 
 :. Smith, 1883, 
 
 Akovyx pomilus, Lilljeborg. 
 
 " Anoniix itroducta, fide Boeck," Packar 1 (18«7) 
 
 Anonifx pumilu,, LilljeborK (lf«!5) ; and H. I. Smith (1883) 
 
 Labrador eoa,t (Packard). •■ I have seen no specimens. The species is 
 
 placed .mmed.ately after 'Anon,.. HorringiV by Packard, who 2^^""; 
 
 the«, two form, were found together in fifteen fathoms, «»nd,' although 
 
 under the fir^t of the two specie, he has nothing except t^ remark ^a 
 
 ^^!2^\^Tt^t!;:^ -Of Mie.inc.c;t; 
 
 AxoNvx poLiTCs, Stimpson. 
 186a Sj-nop.. Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p ,50 
 
 Anonym pditu., n. sp., according to Spence Bate, has nothing in the 
 desc„pt.ontod.st.nguishit from Anony. kMolH. '' Anony. I^Zltot 
 
 «■■ 
 
235 
 
 Bate, according to Boeok. = ilnony.r gulositt, Kriiyer, from which it may be 
 internd thtit Anonyx fxdilut is a synonym of Anonyx ^i/o»u», which is 
 itself probably the same as ' Oni$eiu Cicada,' Fabricius " (Stebbing).* 
 
 AnONTX PALMD08, Stimpson. 
 
 1853. Op. cit., p. 60. 
 Grand Manan, " in 4 fjithoras, in sand, off Duok Island moorings ; in 10 
 fathom? off Cheney's Head ; and in 20 fathomi, mud and shells, off the 
 northern point of Duck Island " (Stimpson). 
 
 Anonvx EXIGUU8, Stimpson. 
 
 1853. Op. cit,, |>. M. 
 Grand Manan, "dredged on .sandy bottoms in 8-15 fathoms, esist of the 
 Passage, and off Cheney's Head " (Stimpson). 
 
 Family Orelitstidw. 
 HvALE LITTORAL' (Stimpson). 
 
 Atlonkeite$ litlornlii, StimiMon (ift53). 
 HiiaU liltomli; S. I. Suiith (1873). 
 
 " Taken abundantly on stones in the second subregion of the littoral zone; 
 especially where the Fitcus nodouus and F. vtnieulosut flourish. It occurs 
 on our whole coast, from Massachusetts Bay to Grand Miinan " (Stimpson). 
 " Common in the Bay of Fundy " (S. I. Smith). 
 
 Orchkstia oryllus, Gould. 
 
 Orch«»<iVij/ri/Hw«, Gould (1841); and StiniiMon (1853). 
 Grand Manan, " found plentifully among the half-dried Fuci, which line 
 some of the shores just above high- water mark, in large quantities. It is of a 
 dark-yellowish colour, very glossy, with three dark olive longitudinal bands 
 along the back. It is very active, leaping to considerable distances. I 
 have never found it immersed, although some moisture is, of course, necessary 
 to its existence " (Stimpson). 
 
 Orcubstia AGIL18, S. I. Smith. 
 
 1873. U. S. Fiih Conim. Rep. for 1871-72, p. 65(1. 
 Bay of Fundy (8. I. Smith). 
 
 * U.M.S. CIiallenKer Ri'porU, Zoology, vol. XIIX., text, finit half, p. 278. 
 
 . 
 
S96 
 
 IWPODJL 
 
 Family Bo/^yridm. 
 Ovoi HippoLTTBa (Krayer). 
 
 Bopumi MippolyUt, Kroyw (1838) 
 
 «M» Bippo/nui, Bate and Wwtwood (1868) 
 
 PHRYXU8 ABDOMINALIS (Krtiyer). 
 
 Bopyrut aMominalii, Kniyer (1838). 
 Pkryxut abotainalit, Lilljeborg (1,'«>2) 
 
 emW tm J'X'r!^ : '"^'^f '^ ""'^ '' ''''"-'. fl- -d. Sept. 
 r », lo/ / , also on H. spxmis. About thirty miles south of H.i;f 
 
 Chudleigh, Hudson Stra I S ™« "^ ' '"'^ ^°''' ^'"•"''"' C«P« 
 
 Dajcs Mysidib, Kroyer. 
 
 ^V'tts Slutidis, Kroyer (184;)). 
 Bopuru» Ui/tidHin, Packard (IHCT). 
 
 Labrador (Packard). " Packard do.-s not say from what Dart nf fK 
 his specimens came, but thev were un^nnW^ii T ""»'?»« of the coast 
 
 he says is abundant along LILeltfi:""" "'" """""'• "'''^'' 
 
 of the L.S. Fish Commission fc.r ISTS, pi> 2H7-4«2. »n,i .. v r ^. , ' " "" '*'"!'^* 
 published in 1880, in the Proceeding S^hTi* J T- • f"""" ^^*' *^°K'»°'1 I»<'Pod«," 
 167-103. i-roceed.ng. of the I . ,S. >,ti„„al jiusenn. for 1879, vol. „ pp 
 
287 
 
 Fkinily Aitellidoe, 
 
 JjCKA AI^IFRONB, I^acb. 
 
 Jam albifron; Lcaoh (1813-14). 
 
 Jam eopiota, StiniiMon (18R3) ; and Packard (1863). 
 
 Jam nimlu, Packard (1S67). 
 
 Aullui OnenlandieUM, Packard (1867). 
 
 " Found in great numbers on our whole New England coast north of 
 Cape Cod, living on the under surfaces of stones in the first (upper) subregion 
 of the littoral zone." " At Grand Manan it was most frequent in sheltered 
 situations " (Stimpson). Long Island Sound to Labrador (Harger). Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence, off Caribou Island ; and Sandwich Bay, Square Island, 
 Indian Tickle, and Hopedale, Labrador (Packard). Fox Harbour, Labrador, 
 Steams expedition (S. I. Smith ; op. cit, p. 231). 
 
 Jaxiba alta (Stimpson). 
 
 AHUodti alta, StimpKin (18S3). 
 Janimalta, Harger (1879). 
 
 " Dredged in soft mud in 40 fathoms, off Long Island, Grand Manan " 
 (Stimpson). " A northern species not as yet found south of Massachusetts 
 Bay, occasionally collected in tide pools, but usually dredged, and extending 
 to a depth of 190 fathoms " (Harger). 
 
 Janira SPINOSA, Harger. 
 
 "The only specimen? yet known are two females, which were taken 
 adhering to the cable of the schooner Marion, by Captain J. W. Collins, at 
 Btnquereau (Nova Scotia) August 25, 1878 " (Harger). 
 
 MusXA Fabricii, Kriiyer. 
 
 Casco Bay, Buy of Fuiidy ; and in .')3 fathoms, Brown's Bank, o£t Nova 
 Scotia (Harger). 
 
 Family MunnojMiidd;. 
 
 , Mu\xopsi8 TYFiCA, M. Sars. 
 
 " Bay of Fundy, between Head Harlxjur and the Wolves, in GO fathoms, 
 muddy bottom, U. S. Fish Commission, August 16, 1872" (Harger). Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence, Iwtween Anticosti and the Gaspe peninsula, in 125 to 220 
 fathoms, dredged by the writer in 1S71 and 1872. Baffin Bay, in 100 
 fathoms, Valorous expedition (Norman) ; off Cape Napoleon, Grinnell Land, 
 in 2.^ to 50 fathonu (Miers). 
 
I 
 
 9S8 
 
 EuRTCOPk ROBuiTA, Hkrger. 
 
 1878. Amer. Jonrn. So. uid ArU, Third Seriea, vol. it., p. 370. 
 The type or typet of this specie* was or were dredged by the writer in 
 1873 in the Gulf of St. lAwrence, about half way between Cap des Roeiert 
 and the South-west Point of the Island of Anticosti, in 'J20 fathoms, mud- 
 In 1879 Mr. Harger said that it bad not yet been "found south of the Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence." 
 
 Family Jdotnda. 
 
 Chiridotba c<eca (Say). 
 
 Idotm mea, Ssy (1818) ; et aaot. 
 CkirUtotea eaxa, Harger (1878). 
 
 Halifax, Nora Scotia, at low-water, taken by the U. S. Fish Commission 
 in 1877 (Harger). A Florida and New England species, which so far haa 
 sot been found farther to the northward than Halifax. 
 
 f 
 
 Chiridotba Tdftsii (Stimpson). 
 
 IihUa Titffii, Stimpaon (18S.3). 
 Ckiridolea Tufttii, Harger (1878). 
 
 Grand Manan, "dredged on a sandy botton. in 10 fathoms, off Cheney's 
 Head " (Stiinpson). Halifax, N.8., outer harbour, in 18-2.'5 fathoms, 1877 
 {Harger). 
 
 InOTRA MARINA (L). 
 
 Stenoioma irrorata. Say (1818). 
 
 iiiotea irrorata, Edwarda (1840) ; and StimpKHi (1H53). 
 
 Idotm marina (L.); fide Norman (1894). 
 
 Stimpson says that /. irrorata is " found on marine plants about low-water 
 mark " at Grand Monan. " It rarely occum here, although so common on 
 the south-western portions of the coast of Maine." Harger says that it is 
 "found niong the whole coast of New England and extends southward 
 along the coast of New Jersey, at least as far as Great Egg Harbour, 
 and northward to Novo Scotia and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where it has 
 been collected by Mr. J. F. Whiteaves. From Cape Cod southward it is 
 abundant, but towards the north it is, mostly, leplaced by /. p/iosphorea. 
 It is commonly found among sea-weed along the rocky shores of bays and 
 sounds or among the rocks, where its variety of colours affords it protection. 
 It is also found far from land, attached to floating sea-weed, and was thus 
 taken by Professor S. I. Smith and the writer on Georges Banks, September 
 U and 15, 1872, at about 41° N. lat., 65* W. long." 
 
m 
 
 Similar spacimeni were taken by the U. 8. Fiah Commission in 1872, in 
 the Bay of Fund/, at low-water and at the surface ; and in 1877, off Halifax 
 and the Atlantic ooaat of Nova Scotia. In the Onlf of 8t Lawrence this 
 •peciet was collected by the writer, in 1872, at the Magdalen Islands, in a 
 towing net, in floating weed ; and in 1673, by a towing net off Pictou 
 and in 8bediao fiay ; at low-water at Pointe da ChSne, Shediac Bay ; and, by 
 the dredge, in 4| fathoms, on the Egmont Bank, Northumberland Strait. 
 
 Idotba phosphobra, Harger, 
 
 "This species is found Associated with the last among rocks and sea- weed 
 along the entire coist of New Englan'l and extends northward to Halifax, 
 Nova Hcotia, and the Quif of St. Lawrence. It appears to be a more 
 northern species than /. irrorata, as it is comparatively rare south of Cape 
 Cod, while it is abundant in Cosco Bay, Maine, and in the Bay of Fundy " 
 (Harger). In Canadian waters it has been taken by the U.S. Fish Commis- 
 sion in 1S72, in the Bay of Fundy, at two localities ; and in 1877, off Halifax, 
 Nova Scotia ; also by the writer in 1873, on the Egmont Bonk, a small 
 rocky patch to the N.E. of Shediac Bay, ia 4^ fathoms, with the preceding 
 species. 
 
 loDTEA ROBUSTA, Kroyer. 
 
 From the south shore of Long Island, northward to Greenland, often taken 
 swimming free or among masses of sea-weed, sometimes in mid-ocean. In 
 Canadian waters, so far, it has only been taken off Halifax, at the surface, 
 by the U.S. Fish Commission in 1877. 
 
 SvNiDOTEA N0DUL08A (Kroyer). 
 
 Idotkea nodnlota, Kroyer (1840). 
 Hjpiiiiotta nodnhtn. Harder (1878). 
 
 Specimens of this species were " dredged off Halifax by the U. S. Fish 
 Commission at several localities in the summer of 1877, in from IC to 190 
 fathoms on sandy and rocky bottoms, with redalg;" at one locality. A speci- 
 men was brought from Georges Banks by Mr. Joseph P. Schemella, of the 
 schooner Wm. H. Ra;- lond, in the summer of 1879, and Mr. J. F. Whiteaves 
 has sent to the Museu two specimens collected by Mr. G. M. Dawson, in 1 1 1 
 fathoms, Dixon Entrance, north of Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia." 
 " The range of the species would therefore be, as at present known, from 
 Georges Banks to Greenland and the Arctic seas, and southward on the Pacific 
 coast as far as British Columbia" (Harger). The "several localities" off 
 Halifax, are elsewhere stated to be: off Halifax, N.S., in IG fathoms; 120 
 miles south of Halifax, in 190 fathoms ; and Halifax, outer harbour, in 
 18 and 16 fathoms. 
 
K ijij iimMipi 
 
 340 
 
 SririDOTiA BiouapiDA (Owen). 
 
 /AXm bieuipUa, Owen (1889). 
 /doto. manurnta, P«k.rd (1807). 
 *'"'**» iwiMjrtd,, H.IVW (1879). 
 
 Epbltb MOKTOToa (8tiinp«on). 
 
 «»««• mmtoM, StimtMun (18S3) 
 *fllf monUmu, H«rK»r (1874). 
 
 Onnd Maiuui " t&k*n in a 
 Commi«ion (hJL/ S^f,^f A^'"'' T" "' ^°"'' •'^'«' U- 8. Fuh 
 
 Family Areturidn. 
 Ahctcrcs Baffwi, We«twood. 
 
 .^Vrss"- '^'■•'"•«''. "-^ 8«. B.„, ,««. «„ .^. 
 
 AsTAciLLA ORANuiATA (O. O. Sars). 
 
 £«"* '" ."""'"/ato, O. O. San, ( 1877 1 
 A'UiftUa Amrncan,,, Harger (187H). 
 Attacllaffranulata, H»rger (1879) 
 
 found adhering to /-r,™ " h hi .!: . * ^""'^ **""» "Ruined were 
 " Better specilns w ^^l^ ale " '""'/"' '"'"•'"'•* """^en 
 Marion, at Banquoreau, N S U Ca„? '"f V'' '^'"*' °^ »•»*• ^o^ooner 
 and a fine speciLn w^ oU^i^Id inT? m ' ^. ^"'"^ ^"8"'» 25. 1878. 
 Newfoundland, by Capt. C.Tilh! T""^ *'"'"'"*"' '^""'''' -""• ^^ 
 Williams, July 3. 1879 " (Harger) ' """' "' '^^ ^*''"«'>«'- ^Hce M. 
 
t 
 
 341 
 
 Family Limnoriida. 
 LmifORU uoKOiiDM (lUthke). 
 
 Ctimothoa liffnorum, Itethke(17W). 
 Limnotia Itrthratu, Lcaoh (1813-14), 
 ttmnoria lignorum, Whit* (Itwr). 
 
 Found by the U. 8. Ftah Commiision, boring in tabmerged wood, in the 
 B*y of Fundy, in 1872 ; and at Halifax, N.8., in 1877 (Harger). It bad 
 previoualy been taken by the writer (in 1869) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 
 in waterlogged wood dredged in Oaap^ Bay. 
 
 Family CiroloHida. 
 CiROLAMA POLiTA (Stimpaon). 
 
 Jlga polita, 8tim|Moii (1MB3). 
 Conilrra polita Harger (1874). 
 Cirolana polila, Huger(lg79). 
 
 " Dr. StimpMMi's specimens were found on the fine sands at low-water 
 mark on High Duck Island in the Bay of Fundy, and the specimens that I 
 have examined are from Cape Cod Bay, from near ii^alem, Mass ; Georges 
 Banks, and easttrf Banquereau, or Queresu, latitude 4U* 36' north, longitude 
 57° 12' west, where seven fine specimens were taknn from a halibut 
 (Hippoglouu*), June 2, 1879, by Capt. J. W. Collins. It appears to replace 
 C. eoncliarum at the north " (Harger). 
 
 Family jEgida. 
 
 Max PSORA (L.). 
 
 (MiKuj ptora, L. (1781) ; Pennant (1777) ; and O. Fabricina (1780). 
 .tiga {OniKut ptora) Kriiyer (lf<38). 
 .Ega ptora, LiUjeborK (1860) ; et auct. 
 
 Banquereau, N.S., on halibut and codfish, schooners Marion and Rebecca 
 Bartlett, 1878; Grand Manan Bank, schooner Peter D. Smith, and U. 8. 
 Fixh Commission, 1878 ; Brown's Bank, N.8., on codfish, 1878 and 1879 
 (Harger). North shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, collected by Mr. W. 
 Couper in 1872, and identified at the time by the writer. It is probably 
 the species referred to by Packard as '■ ^£ga, sp. On the belly of cod taken 
 at Caribou Island".* Port Burwell, Cape Chudleigh, Hudson Strait, Bell, 
 1884 ; two specimens (S. I. Smith). West coast of Hudson Bay, oflf the 
 mouth of the Churchill River, in about 20 fathoms. Low, 1897 (Diana 
 exploring expedition). 
 
 * Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, voL vni., p. 419. 
 
 16 
 
 ■■■liii 
 
S49 
 
 WuMj Anikmridm. 
 
 Oalathpba BIAOHUTA (Stim|MM). 
 
 Antkftf hrackiala, StlBpKin (lIHtS). 
 Paranlkur» knukimta, H»ift {IWlt). 
 CaUtkuf* 6rwkMa, BMbiBg (IWO). 
 
 Onuid Mmuui, "dradgad ob • thelly wid •omewh*t muddy bottom in 30 
 fathomt, off the norttMni point of Doek Isbuid " (Stimpwrn). Bay of Fund/, 
 down to 80 fathoms on :anddy, ihelly Mid Mndy bottoma ; and off Nom 
 Bootia, eightMn to twenty-two milM »oath-e<«*t from Cape Sable, in A6 to 
 09 fathooM (EMfgH). Uttlf of St Lawrenee, dredgod by the writer in 1873, 
 off Cap dee Roeiere, in 110 fathom* ; and in 1873, about half way between 
 the Qaapi penineula and the Iiland of Antiooeti, in 300 ^thoma, mud. 
 
 PriLAXTHURA TBXVH, Hafgar. 
 
 Taken by Prof. A. E. Verrill, in 1870, at Grand Manan, in the Bay of 
 Fundy (Harger). 
 
 Family OneUhiieUr. 
 Omathia CHINA (Stimpaon). 
 
 fraKittt eeritui, Stimpaon (18SS). 
 Anetvi Americanu; Stimpmii (18SS). 
 Onatkia etrina, HkrgFr (1879). 
 
 Grand Manan, "dredged on a aandy bottom, in 10 fathomi, off Chenejr'a 
 Head " (Stimpaon). Bay of Fundy, in many looalitiea, 10 to 60 fathomn, 
 rooks, stonea and mud, and young specimesa have been taken adhering to 
 oodiish and the aoulpin; off Sable Island, N.S., in 1*'^ fathoms, U. 8. Fish 
 Commission, 187d (Harger). Gulf of Ht. Lawrem 'ghteen miles eaat of 
 Cape Oasp^, in 220 fathoms, mud, dredged by the ^ in 1873. Chateau 
 Bay, Long Inland, Labrador, at a depth of 15 fa \' aa, on a sandy bottom 
 (Packard). 
 
 Family Tanavke. 
 Lbftochbua filum (Stimpaon). 
 
 TanniifUtm, Stimpwn (18SS); snd Paokard (1887). 
 Lepby t^ia/Uuwi, Harger (1879). 
 
 Grand Manan, " dredged among Aieidia calloia, in 20 fathoms, in the 
 H I Bay " (Stimpson). " Dredged at Caribou Island, in 8 fathoms, on a 
 eauuy bottom. Rare " (Packard). 
 
Mt 
 
 nioBAOotnuoA. 
 
 With Um MOtpMon <4 tb* AaMrioM lolwtor, Um CmUtmru, MumUop»i» 
 utd Ckianee mlM , all o( tht itelk-f^ enutMM tUt war* dmiffwl bjr tb* 
 writw in 1871, 1872 Mid 1878 ia tha Onlf of St. Uwmot, wmdatarmiiiMl 
 or dMoribad ibmij yawt ago bjr P ro f awor 8. I. Smith. In th* following 
 pagM moat of the qnoUtion* to which Profanur Smith's nmno i* appendad, 
 or aUtamanU mada on hi* aatboritj, araastmotad from hit mamoir on "Tha 
 Stalk-ayed Cnutaoaana of tha AtUntio ooaat of North Amarioa north ol 
 Capa Ckid," pnbliahad in tha Tmntactioni of tha Oonnaotievt Aoadamjr of 
 ArU and Seianeaa fbivMay 1879 (rol. ▼., pp. 37-130). Tha ranwinder of 
 thaia quotation*, which n^ar azelaairaly to tha ipeeia* collected by Dr. 
 Pkokaid and tha Staaqia axpedition, are taken from ProfeMor Hmith's "Liat 
 of tha Cnutaeaa dradgvd on the coast of Labrador under tha direction of 
 W. A. Steams, in 1882 ;" and "Reriaw of tha Marine Crnstaoaaof Labrador," 
 both published in 1883, in the sixth volume of Prooeadingi of the U. S. 
 National Museum. Professor Smith's " Report on the Decapod Crustacea 
 in the Albatross dredgings o8 the east coa«t of the United StatM daring 
 the Hummer and autumn of 1684, published in 1886, in the Report of the 
 U. 8. Fish Commis^n for 1380, contains some interesting additional notaa 
 on the genus Muniehpn*. 
 
 OCMAjBA. 
 
 Family Laueonidee. 
 
 Leucok X Alices, Krbyer. 
 
 Qulf of St. Lawrence, between Grand Pabou and Cap d'Espoir, in 00 
 fathoms ; also between Cap d'Espoir and the south side of Bonaventure 
 Island, in 70 fathoms, dredged by the writer in 1873 (S. I. Hmitb). 
 Greenland (KrOyer). 
 
 LiDCOH HA8ICOIDE8, Lilljeborg. 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, dredged by the writer in 1873 ; one female (S. I. 
 Smith). 
 
 EuDORBLLA iMAROiirATA (Kroyer). 
 
 "0£F Halifax, Nova Scotia, 02 fathoms, fine sandy mud," U.S. Fish Com- 
 mission, 1877, — "two specimens, male and female. Entrance of Gaaptf 
 Bay, SO fathoms," dredged by the writer in 1873 (S. I. Smith). 
 IH 
 
344 
 
 BOOOMLLA HltriDA, U. O. HmK 
 
 «Bm <>< ?>«dy," D. a. Ftoh CommU«km, 187«, " »bttnd«nt in 1 to 4 
 CktbooM. yxy H..f» ■ud.-bot.h buUm •«1 tonuU*" <». I. Smith. J870). 
 
 • I*' 
 
 4 fo< : > 
 
 Lkwt > 
 
 r.f b'ur d 
 ', •J 
 
 EUDOtBLLA rOMLLA, U. O. Smt*. 
 
 • U. 8. FUh Commimion, 1873, "very abundMi in 1 to 
 t mud, •Uoln 10 to 1ft faihomi, mud ; " •ml <lulf of 8t. 
 1 by tiM writer in 1«73 (8. I. 8mith). 
 
 EuDciiBLLA irrsniLA, 8. 1. Smith. 
 
 
 Tr. 
 
 .,»<l. Attn >nd He., vol v., p. 118. 
 . V -u«, " U.8. Fwh CommiMion, 1877 ; " fem»l«» cwry- 
 ing egfe cmm. , ■ . ithom», fine Muid, and 62 f«thom«, wndj mod ; »Uo 
 twofrun'Mfroi ■.: hom.. Ptone*, sponge. »nd r«l »lgi.'. About thirty 
 milM f uth of -iUUU^ 1 10 .tbomn, «ne i*ndy mud. Gulf of 8t. Uwrenoe, 
 1873 (J. V. Whiteives) both bmIm "nd female*, south of the eantern part 
 of Prmce Edward I»l«ii'i, and in 70 fathom*, off the Bay of Ohal^uw' (8. 1. 
 Bmitli, 1879 ; op. oit. •upns p. 118). 
 
 Family Diatlylida. 
 DiAsTYLM LOcirRRCa (Kniyer). 
 
 Cuma luei/tra, Khijr»r (1H41). 
 DiatHilit tucifrra, Ctenirlawn ^iX^'*l. 
 
 " Bay of Fnndy, 60 and 77 fathomi m.i.l, off Head Harbour, Augurt 16," 
 U. 8. Fiah Commiimiou, 1872. " About ten miles north of Shediac, Onlf of 
 at Lawrence," in 10 fathom*, sand, J. F. Whiteave*. 1873 (8. I. Smith, 
 1879; op. cit., p. 112). 
 
 DusTVLM Bathkii (Kroyer). 
 
 Cuma Katkkii, KrilyOT (ItMl). 
 Dmttiilit Ratkkii, Bate (IHMl. 
 Alauna Goal fir i. P»ck»rd (IWu). 
 
 "Off Halifax, Nova Hcotia," U. 8. Finh ComroiMion, 1877, "42 fathoms, 
 fine sand, Jive males, six females ; 62 fathoms, fine sandy mud,— one male, 
 .even female. ; 57 fathoms, gravel and stones,— one specimen. Also just off 
 Chebuoto Head, Halifax, 1872, 20 fathoms, soft mud and fine sand— young 
 only. Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1871, 1872 and 1873. Wliiteavw. " (8. L Smith, 
 1879 ; op. cit., p. 107). Belle. Amours, (on the northern side of the Strait of 
 
IMIa lata) ia 6 fstbom* ; HmUy Hsrbonr, » hthotu* ; Ht|mr« ItUnd (L»- 
 brador) IB to 30 fathom* ; Cumw Bay, Long ItUiid. ID fatiiom*. Mml ; and 
 Thumaii Bay, IS fathoma mud (Paokard). Fox Harbour, Labrador, in S 
 fathnou, Hlearn* •spMlition, (8. I Hmith). 
 
 UuiTVLin qUAomiipiiKNiua, U. O.Hara. 
 
 Cuwn Utpiniita, Htiin|itu<i (ItIM), 
 OimtlDlu <iu<«ilr>tnmmi,. <;. o, )ten ( {NTDi 
 
 Oraud MaDHn, " dr«<l|{»d in 35 ialhoim, gravel, in thr Hak* Bay " 
 (H(iro|Mon)' •• Hay of Fundy. !(*«»<, 1870, 1872. In \H1> it wan alio 
 dredged in vait numb»T» m Eel Coxre, Orand Mitnnti. in K to lU fitthoais, 
 •and, by Prof. H. E. WoltatDr Off Cape ."« J Novn Scotia, 7B fathoms, 
 line mild nnd mud, IH77 In aad oMf Halifk. ti«rliuar. Nova Houtia. 1872, 
 1877 : 30 fathoms, Hoft m«d nnd wsnd : IH and 18 fathoniit, Ane Hanri and 
 red al||(p: 21 fatliomi, saai ■unnet aii>i alnn> -. JJ fatliomii, fine itand ; 52 
 Attboio', Ane lutiidy mud. Also, a>)out 12U miles south of ilalifax, 190 
 fathouM, gravel and pebbU-n 1877" (». I. Hmith, 187'J ; op. oit., p. I I.I). 
 Northumberland Htrait, at several localities ; and eight mile* N.E. of Cap* 
 Uertffe, Nova Scotia, in 10 fathoms, sanci. dredged by the writer in 1873. 
 
 " Upon tb> coast of northern New Enifland, this is by far the moat abuo 
 daiit specie* of the genus. It is undoubt<^ly the spetnea which Htimpsoa 
 called Cuma hi»pinoia, but his description is wholly insufflcient U> 
 charaoteriaa the species, and I therefore prefer to retain the more appropriate 
 name proposed by <i O. 8ars, who has descrilied and Kgured the Hpecie* iiioiit 
 admirably. Prof. Sam has identifled speciinenH which I have sent to bim 
 from different localities on the New England oouat " {H. I. Smith, 1879 ; op. 
 oit., p. 113). 
 
 DiAITTLM tCl'LPTVk, O. O. H^rs. 
 
 " Bay of Fundy : found at low-water mark, in wtndy mud, If*68 ; »t the 
 surface, at low-water mark, and in 4 fathoms very soft mud, 17:: alio in 
 60 fathoms, mud, off Head Harbour. " Near Halifax, No a Scotia, in 
 company with D. ReUhkii and D. </uadritpinMui, 1!U fathoms soft mud and 
 fine sand, 1872. Halifax Harbour, 16, IH and 21 fathoms, fine sand, stones 
 and red algie, 1877. About one hundred and t'irenty miles south of 
 Halifax, 190 fatlmma, gravel and pebbles, ' S77, *«n large females, all 
 carrying eggs. Northumberland Strait, Gulf of St. Lawrence." about ten 
 mile* liorth of Shediac, "in 10 fathoms sand. J. F. Whitaavea.' 1873 (S. I. 
 Smith, 1879 ; op. oit., pp. Ill and 1 13). 
 
IM 
 
 DiAtTTLia pouTui, 8. 1. Smith. 
 
 1879. TraiM. Conn. AomL Art* ud So., vol v., p. lOt. 
 
 " Halifax, Nora Sootia, 18 to 30 (atbooM, fine laod, uUmm and rad algn, 
 1877. AlMone hundred and twenty milM Muth of Halifax, 190 fathonu, 
 graval and pebble^ 1877,— two egg-bearing female*. Northumberland 
 Strait, Gulf of St Lawrence. 1873. J. F. Whiteavee " (8. 1. Smith, op. cit. 
 ■npra, p. 111). 
 
 I't. 
 
 * SCRIZOPODA. 
 
 Family Myndae. 
 
 Mtsis occlata (Fabrioius). 
 
 * 
 
 Oanttr oevbUut, O. Fabrioius (ITtW). 
 It flit oeuWo, Kriiyer. 
 
 * MftU qnnufonti, Packard (186S). 
 My$it tKsuiata, Packard (1867). 
 
 Near Caribou Island. " It •warms in tidal pools. The sea trout feed on 
 Abundant along the whole coast (of Labrador). The young go in 
 schoohi a^ the sea trout consume great numbers of them " (Fkckard). 
 Dead Island, Labrador coast, Steams expedition, 1882, a few fragmenU ] 
 and IWBdrwell, Hudw>n Strait, ^^sU, fragmentt of a single specimen (S. 
 
 I. Smith). 
 
 <• Stimpaon (Marine InvertebraU of Grand Manan, p. 68) reporU this 
 species' (with an t) as " very abundant in the waters of the Bay of Fundy, 
 swimiiiing near the surface in swarms." " I have nnver seen specimens from 
 the Bay of Eandy, and, during several seasons spent there, I have never 
 observed any sy^iee of Myti* swimming at the surface, as desc.ibed by 
 Stimpson. Thytanopoda Norvegiea and ituirmii, however, were found in 
 vast numbers in precisely the same way as the Jtyiit is said by Stimpson to 
 occur, and it is possible that Stimpson, without making a special examination, 
 mistook the v««t swarms of Thytanopoda for ilyi* octdata " (S. I. Smith, 
 1879 ; op. cit., p. 106). 
 
 * MvBis STBMULKPIB, S. I. Si::lih. 
 
 1873. Rep. U. 8. Fi»h Comm. for 1871 acd 1872, p. 66L 
 l(ff9. Tn^ Conn. Acad. Art* and 8c., vol. v., p. 103. 
 
 '• Halifax, Kova Scotia, U. S. FUh Commission, 1877 : " Outer Harbour, 
 16 to 21 fathoms, mud and fine sand, stones and red algB ; also 18 fathoms, 
 mud and fine sand " (8. I. Smith, 1879). 
 
347 
 
 PlBVDOailA ROtBOM, O. O. 8«n. 
 
 Oalf of St Lawrence, twenty-eight milei E.N.E. of Cape OMpe, ia 110 
 tathoma ; and twenty-ftve mile* E. by K.of Cape Oatp^ in 310 fathom* ; Mveral 
 ■pecimena froiu each of theee localities, dredged by the writer in 1873. 
 
 Fbbcdohha thdncatuh, S. I. Smith. 
 
 1J79. TnuM. Conn. Acad. Aru and So., vol. v., p. 981 
 
 Oalf of St. Lawrence, about half-way between the Bradelle Bank and 
 Mieoou Island, in 45 fathom*, one male ; al*o a little to the north of the 
 Baie de* Chaleun, betweun Grand Paboa and Cap d'Eapoir, in 50 and ''0 
 fathoms, — between 20 and 30 apeoimens ; dredged by the writer in 1873. 
 
 Mbtkrvthrops bobdita, S. I. Smith. 
 
 1879. Tnuik. Conn. And. ArU Mid Sc., vol. v., p. 118. 
 
 Oalf of St. Lawrence, a little to the north of the Baie de* Chaleun, with 
 the preceding, in 50 and 70 fathoms ; an adalt male and two females, 
 dredged by the writer in 1873. Two young males and a young female of 
 this species have since been dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission in 
 Massachusetts Bay, off Salem, in 33 fathoms (S. I. Smith). 
 
 Family Euphaunviai. 
 Nyctiphaubs Nobvkcica (M. Sara). 
 
 Tk;iianopoda ifonxvico, M. Sttn (IMMi). 
 W^tiphami Jfomt/ica, G. O. Smv (IKS.";). 
 
 " Bay of Fundy, 1864, 1868, 1870, 1872, 1876 : in great abundance at the 
 surface, and often brought up in the dredge. Off Cape Sable, Nora Scotia, 
 59, 88 and 115 fathoiiK, sand, gravel and stone*, sandy mud, sand and 
 gravel, 1887 " (S. I. Smith, 1879 ; Trans. Conn. Acad. Sc. and Art*, vol. v., 
 p. 89). Uulf of St. Lawrence, 210 fathoms, mud, S. of the S.W. Point of 
 Antioosti, dredged by the writer in 1873. 
 
 " Since this, as well as the next species, is essentially pelagic, swimming 
 in vast numbers at the surface, and doubtless at great depths a* well, it is 
 of course somewhat uncertain whether the specimens taken in the dredge 
 raally come from the bottom or from some point between that and the sur- 
 face. It was found in the stomachs of the hake taken in the Bay of Fundy, 
 in 1872, however, which is very good evidence that it lives at the bottom 
 for 1^ part of the time. 
 
 " In the Bay of Fundy it occur* at the surface in vaat swarms, filling the 
 « ' t«r for miles, and is usually accompanied by schools of mackerel, young 
 
S48 
 
 poUook, and other flsh, utd in the autnmn by immenee flocks of gnlle ; the 
 fish and mwller gulU appearing to feed almoHt exc.uiively upon the Thy$a- 
 nopoda at nch times. It not infrequently occurs in this way in the harbour 
 of Eaatport, Maine, and with a hand-net, may be caught by the quart even 
 from the wharrea. I have obeerved it only in August, September and October, 
 but Measrt. Merriam and Wilson found it in abundance in April. Professor 
 Verrill observed it in 1869, swarming in myriads at the " Rip( 'ings," in the 
 centreof the Bay of Fundy " (8. 1. Smith, 1879 ; op. cit., pp. 8J nnd 90). In a 
 letter from Professor Smith, received October 6, 1891 , ho says, also, that he has 
 had both this and the next species " from the stomachs of herring, mackerel 
 and other fish." Four specimens, which Professor Smith has identified with X. 
 A'artissrtca, were sent to the writer in !89I by Lieut. Gordon, R.N., (per 
 Colonel Tilton) labelled as crustxceans, " which to a great extent form the 
 food uf the herring in the Bay of Fundy." 
 
 Rboda IKEBMI8 (K.r6yer). 
 
 ThfttnopoJa inermit, Kroyxr (1S49). 
 Akoda iMrBiif, Stebbing (18113). 
 
 Bay of Fundy, at the surface, 1864, 1868, 1872 ; dredged in 4C to 50 
 fathoms, rocky, 1868 ; and found in the stomachu of poll<x;k and hake, 1872 " 
 (S. I. Smith, 1879 ; op. cit., p. 921 
 
 Uulf of St. Lawrence, between Grand Pabou and Cap d'Espoir, in 50 and 
 70 fathoms ; also between Anticosti and the Oaspe peninsula, in 210 and 
 220 fathoms ; dredged by the writer in 1873. 
 
 Deoapoda. 
 
 HACRCEA. 
 
 Family Pandalidm. 
 Pandalcs Moktaoui, Leach. 
 
 PandalM Montagui^ hfeh (1813 or 1814). 
 
 Pemdalut annulieomu, Lekch (1815). 
 
 Pandalut teviinitia, Stimpaon (1863) ; fide 8. L Smith. 
 
 One of the commonest of che large shrimps of the region under considera- 
 tion. On the Atlantic coast of North America, it is known to range from 
 Vineyard Sound, Mass., and Newport, R.T., northward to Greenland ; and 
 in depth, from 6 to 90 fathoms. In Canadian waters, it has been dredged in 
 the Bay of Fundy by SUmpson and by Verrill ; on the Atlantic coast of Nova 
 Scotia by the U. 8. Fiib Commission ; in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, at many 
 localities, by the writer ; in the Strait of Belle Isle, and on the Labrador 
 coast by Packard and the Stearns expedition ; and in Hudson Strait and 
 Bay by Bell and Low. 
 
U9 
 
 Pakdalus borbalu, KrQjrw. 
 
 " Twenty to thirty miles kouth eul to south east one half eMt from Cape 
 Sable, Nova Sootia, 59 to 88 fathoms, fine sand, pebbles and rocks," U. 8. 
 Fish Commission, 1877, " two small 8()eciniens. About thirty miles south 
 to south by west une-fourth west from Halifax, Nova Sootia, 85 to 110 
 fathoms, fine sand and mud, 1877. " Masaaohusetts Bay, off Salem ; Oulf of 
 Maine, Cawo Bay ; and Nova Sootia to Greenland ; in from 50 to a little 
 over 100 fathoms (S. I. Smith, 1879 ; op cit, p. 86.) 
 
 HiPPOLYTK Fabricii, Krfiyef. 
 
 Salem Harbour, Mass., northward to Labrador and Greenland, in from 5 
 to 64 fathoms. 
 
 " Bay of Fundy, 1864, 1868. 1870, 1872,-5 to 40 fathoms, but not found 
 
 in so {;reat abundance as in Cosco and Massachusetts Bays " Halifax, 
 
 Nova Scotia," U. 8. Fish Commission, 1877, "common in 16 lo 21 fathoms, 
 stones, sand and red algae j in 18 to 25 fathoms, shingly, gravelly, sandy and 
 muddy bottoms ; and 16 fathoms, mud, at the mouth of Bedford Basin; and 
 a single specimen, in company with //. maeilenla, in 35 fathoms, very soft 
 mud, in Bedford Basin itself. Also off Halifax, 52 fathoms, sand, mud and 
 rocks, and 57 fathoms, gravel and stones, 1877" (S. I. Smith, 1879 ; op. cit., 
 p. 64). Oulf of St. Lawrence, opposite Cap des Rosiers lighthouse, six miles 
 from shore, in 125 fathoms, dredged by the writer in 1871. Coast of Labrador, 
 at Domino Harbour, '' not common " (Packard) ; at Forteau Bay, L'Ansc au 
 Loup, Henley tl<trbour. Fox Harbour, and Dead Island,— Steams expedition 
 (S. I. Smith). Entrance to Hudfton Strait, at Port Bur»ell, Cape Chudleigh, 
 Bell (S. L Smith). 
 
 HiPPOLYTE MACILENTA, RrSyer. 
 
 (•n the western ije of the Atlantic the known range of this species is 
 from the outer ooa^t of Nova Scotia to Labrador and Greenland, in from 15 
 to 70 fathoms. It is recorded as having been taken at the following 
 localities : " Bedford Basin, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 26 to 41 fathoms, soft 
 mud, common," U. 8. Fish Commission, 1887. "Alsu off Halifax, 42 
 fathoms, fine sand ; 52 fathoms, fine sand and mud ; and 57 fathoms, mud 
 and pebbles (8. I. Smith 1879 ; op. cit., p. 71). Gulf of St. Lawrence, eight 
 miles S.E. of Bonaventure Island, in 56 fathoms, and fifteen miles S.8.E. of 
 fionaventure Island, in 60 fathoms,— dredged by the writer in 1872 ; also 
 between the Bradelle Bank and Miscou Island, in 45 fat>>oms, and between 
 Grand Pabou and Cap d'Espoir, in 50 and 70 fathoms, dredged by the writer 
 in 1873. Coast of Labrador,— "a rare form, dredged at Square Island at a 
 depth of 10 to 30 fathoms" (Packard). 
 
100 
 
 HiPPOLTTi PBOJiCTA, Spenc* Bate. 
 
 1818. H.M.& ChallM«a Report*, Zoology, voL zxiv., p. 004. 
 
 H.M.S. Cbkllragar, Sution 49 (May 20, 1873) wuth of Hftlifu, in 85 
 fathom* (Bate). 
 
 Spuontocabu BPiNoa (Sowerbj). 
 
 Ocmcer tpinmt, Sowarbjr {\9i<.% 
 
 Btppoliih Somrlai, Leach (1817). 
 
 MiKPolpIt tpt'nw, Owen (183fi) ; Mid 8. 1. Smith (1879). 
 
 Bifpoliite SomHini, IS. Edwwda (1837). 
 
 Hippolutt tenrifrotu, Nomum (1861) ; fide Bate. 
 
 apiroRtoearit qn'mt. Bate (1888). 
 
 According to Professor Smith, this species has been dredged at Grand 
 Manan and elsewhere in the Bay of Fundy by Professor Verrill and the U. 
 S. Fish Commission ; also at thre<> localitiea on the Atlantic coast of Nova 
 Scotia, and on the Le Have Bank by the U. S. Fish Commission. It has 
 also been dredged south of H&iifaz (Station 49) by H.M.S. Challenger. In 
 the Gulf of Si. Lawrence S. ipinu» has bene dredged at many localities by 
 thkt writer ; and in the Strait of Belle Isle and Atlantic coast of Labrador, 
 by Packard and the Stearns expedition. On the east coast of North America 
 it is known to range from off Salem, Massachusetts Bay, northward to 
 Labrador, Greenland (Valorous and Porcupine expeditions) Grinnell Land 
 and as far north as lat. 81* 44' (Miers), and in depth from 5 to 90 fathoms. 
 Professor Smith also says that Hippolyte tpinut is " by far the most abundant 
 species of the genus on the New England coast." 
 
 Spirovtocabis Grceklanoica (J. C. Fabricius). 
 
 Ailacuii OrtnUandieiu, J. C. Fabridiu (1776). 
 
 Cancer neulmtut, O. Fabrioius (1780). 
 
 Bifpoliite acuUata, J. C. Roes (1836) ; and Gould (1841). 
 
 BifpUgU Oranlandictt, Mien (1877) ; and 8. I. Smith (187»). 
 
 6ptron<o«irt'< Orrmlandiea, Stebbing (1900). 
 
 Grand Manan, "very common in the laminarian zone" (Stimpson). 
 " Grand Manan, Bay of Fundy, 1872 ; also off Fogg's Cove, Grand Manan, 
 16 fathoms, shells, mud and stones, 1873. "Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1877; 
 16 fathoms, stones, sand and red algae; IH fathoms, fine tsand, also mud and 
 fine sand ; 21 fathoms, fine sand and red algu ; and 25 fathoms gravel " (S. T. 
 Smith, 1879 ; op. cit., p. 85). North shore of the laouth of the River St. 
 Lawrence, at Murray Bay, Sir J. W. Dawson (S. I. Smith). Caribou Island, 
 P.Q. ; Strait of Belle Isle, 10 fathoms; Square Island, Labrador coasi, 15 to 
 30 fathoms ; and Domino Harbour, Labrador, 7 fathoms (Packard). L'Anse 
 auLoup, Strait of Belle Isle, 10 to 15 fathoms; Fox Harbour, St. Lewis Sound, 
 
351 
 
 Labrador, 1 fathom ; and Daad Island, near Square Idand, Labrador, in 1 
 to 4 fathomt ; Staams expedition (S. I. Smith). Port Burwell, Cape Chad- 
 leiRh, Hudaon Strait, Bell (8. L Smith). On the waetemiide of the Atlantic 
 S. OraiJandiea ia known to oocnr from MaesaohuaetU Bay, off Salem, to 
 Hudaon Strait, Greenland and Qrinnell Land, aa far north as 82* 30' (Mien) ; 
 and in depth, to ran^ from 1 to 33 fatbonu, or more. 
 
 Spirortocabis polaru (Sabine). 
 
 Alpluv ixWaru, Sabine (IKM). 
 Bi^olfte polari; Owen (1836). 
 SpiTontoearu polarit, Xonniui (1894). 
 
 Specimens which Professor S. I. Smith has identified with this species 
 have been dredged in the Bay of Fundy by Professor Verrill in 1870, and 
 the U. S. Fish Commission in 1872 ; at several localities on the Atlantic 
 coast of Nova Scotia, in from 16 to 100 fathoms, by the U. S. Fish Commis- 
 sion in 1877 ; in the Gnlf of St. Lawrence, off Cap des Rotiers light- 
 house, in 35 fathoms, by the writer in 1871 ; in the Strait of Belle Isle and 
 Atlantic coast of Labrador, by Packard and the Steams expedition ; and in 
 Hudson Strait, at Port Bnrwell, Cape Chndleigh, by Bell. To the southward 
 and northward of these localities its geographical range appears to be essen- 
 tially the same as that of the two preceding species. 
 
 SpiROMTOCARn TCROIDA {Krdytr). 
 
 Birrdylt turgida, Kroyer (1841). 
 BippolyU Pkiffptii, Kroyer (1841). 
 SpirotUoearu turgida, Stebbing (1900). 
 
 Grand Manan, Bay of Fundy, 1872 (Prof. H. E. Webster). " Halifax, 
 Nova Scotia," U. 8. Fish Commission, " 1877: lOfathoms, fine sand and re<l 
 alg« ; 18 fathoms, fine sand ; 25 fathoms, rocks and nuUipora ; 25 fathoms, 
 gravel ; anil 26 to 41 fathoms, soft mud, in Bedford Basin" (8. 1. Smith, 1879 ; 
 op. cit., p. 73). Gulf of St. Lawrence, dredged by the writer in 1871, about 
 half-way between Pointe des Monts ; 1 the west end of Trinity Bay, in 9'' 
 fathoms, and off Cap des Rosien lighthouse, in 126 fathoms ; also, in 18 
 on the Orphan Bank. Strait of BcUe Isle, off Belles Amours, in 10 fathom 
 on a rocky bottom (H. lurgtda) ; and Domino Harbour, Labrador coast (H. 
 Phipptii) at a depth of 7 fathoms (Packard). L'Anse au Loup, Strait of 
 Belle Isle, in 8 fathoms. Steams expedition (S. I. Smith). Port Burwell, 
 Cape Chudleigh, Hudson Strait, Bell (S. I. Smith). 
 
 On the western side of the Atlantic, this species is known to range from 
 Massachusetts Bay (off Salem) to the Arctic Ocean, as far north as lat. 81 ° 
 44', and in depth from 10 to 125 fathoms. 
 
sn 
 
 SnaoKTOOAKU pciioia (Krti^r). 
 
 BipfolfU fuHola, Kiiiyw (1842). 
 Spt'nmtoMrii ptirola, Nonnao (18M). 
 
 " Bay of Fandy, 1864, 1868, 1870, 1872, 1876 : not unoommon at low-water 
 mark, among stones and algte ; common in to 50 (athomi, rooky, gravelly 
 and shelly bottoms; off White Head, Grand Manan, 97 to 106 fathoms, 
 gravelly, 1872. "Le Have Bank, 45 fathomH, gravel and stones, 1872— 
 abundant. Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1877 ; 16 fathoms, rooky ; 18 fathoms, line 
 sand; 25 fathoms, gravel ; and one specimen also from 16 fathoms, mud." Galf 
 of St. Lawrence, Orphan Bank, and, in 10 fathoms, gravel, stones and broken 
 shells, off Sea Cow Head, Prince Edward Island, 1873 ; J. F. Whiteaves" 
 (8. I. Smith, 1879 ; op. cit., p. 77). Off Nova Scotia, in 49 fathoms, SS. 
 Albatross dredgings of 1883 (Verrill). On the Atlantic coast of North 
 America the known range of this species is from Long Island Sound to the 
 Orphan Bank, and from low- water mark to 105 fathoms. 
 
 Spirohtocabu Gaimardii (Milne Edwards). 
 
 Bippolftt Oatmardii, Milne-Edwards (1H37). 
 Betainu OaimanUi, Spence B»te (1888). 
 apinmtoearit Uaimardii, Stebbintr (181)3). 
 
 " Halifax, Nova Scotia, 16 and 21 fathoms, stones, sand and red alga;, 
 and 18 fathoms, fine sand and mud, U. S. Fish Commissioii, 1877. Also, 
 off Halifax, 52 fathoms, mud and fine sand, and 57 fathoms mud and 
 pebbles, September, 1877,— one specimen from 57 fathoms, carrying eggs " 
 (S. I. Smith, 1879 ; op. cit., p. 67). H.M.S. Ohallenger,Station 49, south of 
 Halifax, in 80 fathoms (Bate). Gulf of St. Lawrence, eight miles S.E. of 
 Bonaventnre Island, in 56 fathoms, — and fifteen miles S.S.R of Bona venture 
 Island, in 50 fathoms, dredged by the writer in 1872 ; Caribou Island, in 
 15 fathoms (Packard). Taken also in the Strait of Belle Isle, and on the 
 Labrador coast, by Packard and the Steams expedition. 
 
 S. Oaimardii is known to range from Boston Harbour, to the Arctic 
 Ocean north to lat. 79° 29', and from near low-water to 60 fathoms in 
 depth. 
 
 Hbtaircb tehuis, Spence Bate. 
 
 1888. H.M.S. Chsllenger Reporta, Zoology, vol xxiv., p. 614. 
 H.M.S. Challenger, Station 49, south of Halifax, in 85 fathoms (Bate). 
 
 flBMi 
 
SBS 
 
 Hbtaibub oibilis, 8p«noe B«t6. 
 
 1§88. H.M.8. Challtmirer Repnrt^ Zoology, «oI. xxtv., p. 615. 
 With the preoediDg. Thi. ,peci«i ••»ppMni to me to form a link in a 
 •enei by which extreme forma are united, or it may be only a younger form 
 of Hetatrut Unuit " (Bate). ' ^ o 
 
 Family Crangonidir. 
 
 Ckanoon vuLiiARH, J. C. Fabrioius. 
 
 Throughout the entire region, at or near low-water mark to a depth of 
 •bout 50 fathom.. The moat northerly locality at which this, the common 
 edible shrimp of the north Atlantic, has been collected on the coast of 
 eastern North America, ix Caribou Island, where Packard says it is large 
 and abundant on the mud flats. The most southerly locality at which it 
 has been taken on the same coast, i« at Fort Macon, North Carolina. 80 
 far at the writer is aware, this species it. not used for food in eastern CaiiaHa, 
 as it is so largely in the British Islands and northern Europe, nor U it yet 
 known whether it could be caught in the Maritime Provinces or Gulf of St 
 I^wrenoe in sufficiently laige numbers to be of any economic value. 
 
 SCLBROCRARGON BOREAS (Phipps). 
 
 A more northerly species than the preceding. It is known to range from 
 
 Massachusetts Bay, off Salem, to the Arctic Ocean as Hr north as lat. 81' 
 
 44', and, in depth, from low-water mark to 33 fathoms. In the waters of 
 
 eastern Canada, it ban been taken at the following localities. Grand Manan, 
 
 "dredged in 4 fathoms, on a nullipore bottom, near the Passage, and in 20 
 
 fathoms, shelly, off Duck Island ledge" (Stimpson). "Bay of Fundy 
 
 occasionally taken among rooks at low water ; common in 6 to 25 fathoms' 
 
 rocky, gravelly, and shelly bottoms ; and abundant at special localities in 
 
 Johnson's and South Bays, in 10 to 15 fathoms, on rocky bottoms overgrown 
 
 with sponges, ascidians, hydroids, algge, etc.; 1964. 1868, 1870, 1872, 1876 
 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1877; 18 fathoms fine sand ; 20 fathoms shingly • 
 
 and 25 fathoms gravelly " (8. I. Smith, 1879; op. cit., pp. 56 and 57). Gulf 
 
 of St. Lawrence, on the Orphan Bank ; and off Cape Bon Ami, P.Q., in 30 
 
 fathoms ; dredged by the writer in 1873. Caribou Island, 8 fathoms ; Square 
 
 Island, 30 fathoms ; Henley Harbour, 10 fathoms ; and whole ^t of 
 
 Labrador (Packard). L'Anse au Loup, 3 to 8 fathoms ; Henley Harbour • 
 
 and Dead Island near Square Island (Labrador) in 1 to 3 fathoms- 
 
 Stearns expedition (S. L Smith). Port BurweU, Cape Chudlei«h. Hudson 
 
 Strait, Bell, 1884 (S. I. Smith). 
 
gjOnilBA iiriWIOAEWATA (8«Wll«). 
 , ayMMMHMlM, BMm (UM). 
 ^ Off Hidtf«, N.8.." U. 8. Ftah Co«»tadoo, " 1877. 53 «•»»«««». ""-"f 
 
 rST Qui! of St. Uw,««^ illt-u «il- 8.8 B -'^^'"'•"^r^ 
 
 to 50 fathom., .ight mil- aR of ^^oo^^^^'T^^'^^^^'im 
 .bout d^.n »U.. f «« P«o<. in W fathoauj dr«^pd by U« wri jMTta 187^ 
 
 SL«B.y.Ubr«loroo«t.".t.dopthof 16 fathoou" (P^k««»)^ «» 
 the wwtorn ride of the AtUntio the q>e()iM i. known to nmge from Mmrn^ 
 iuItulSIy to tJ- weet oo-t of DavU 8tr.it. ««1 Or.«»U«d ; «d. in depth. 
 
 from 15 to 85 frthomi. 
 
 SABinA 8AMII, 8. 1. Smith. 
 Itn Tnuu. Coon. AoA. Art. «iid So., vol. v., i», <». 
 ..8t. Oeorw'. Banki, 60 fathom.. ri«U. wd wid. 1872,-one young 
 
 ss. Nov. B-j;;; j^f ^^;f/lrt;r? tm.^ "nr -i^ 
 
 fathom^ gravel, Angu»t iv, iou,—om wui— 
 
 Have^reO fathom., coar-e gravel, .tone, and 'f^f^^^ ^J 
 . female. 47 mm. in length, carrying egg., and '''^^'^^^^^ 
 LtiUtei. Lofoten Lland^ coat of Norway (O O. 8»").- -» *»• 
 females, 62 and 63 mm. in length " (S. I. Smith, op. «t. .npra., p. 60). H.M. 
 B^SunJ^r. Sution 49. 1873. «mth of Halifax, in 86 fathom. (Spenoe 
 L^) oTSova Scotia. 122 to 160 fathom.. 8S. Albatro« dredg»g. of 
 
 '1!lt'Crt tn the Cru.t«.a Macrura obtained on the Challen^r 
 iLlnXtr vol x«y ) Spence Bate includes S. Sarrii among the 
 
 ;;„Cr<iTS2:;::w:::L;L%rd.th.formera.oniy^^^^^^^^ 
 
 variety" of the Utter. In support of thU contention, he quote, a letter 
 ;«« Pro^L^r J. S. King.ley in which the foUowing «ntence occur. 
 XferrS.ith and I n^ at fir.t inclined to call it a new .pecee. but I 
 nowtni;;ert(and I think Frofe«or ^^^j^^^ .'^^^^^^^^ZlZ 
 elusion) merely a variety of Sah'.o'. specie.." But, in a letter to t^e w^r. 
 Snov 2l,1900,Pr«fe«orSmiththu.expr««- h»v.ew,onthi.pomt^ 
 ^iftt^tiu^WBate'.volumeof the ChaUenger Report. wMpubl»h^I 
 
 ^tll^thfrelation of Sa^nea S^i to S. -^^ -'- ^^^ 
 «« no reawn to change my original conclusion that the, re ai««no» 
 ZZ ^ thtt timeThad a very Urge .-rie. of both .pec. or compan- 
 r O. a ^ has from the fir.t r«»gni«d the Sarni a. a ,^ .pocie.. 
 
SM 
 
 Pwt KliiplV h«l no MUuwity wl»»,»,r lw« ■• to .UU Ui»t I (•-mW 
 it,f!^* "• '•ri^y. «d I 'think' ho l»d .Tw M« n-ny JpSmZ 
 « »ho two form* whra ho wroto tho lottor to Bato." -r~- — 
 
 PoaroPBiLDi Nmvmioui, M, % ri. 
 
 Orm»9on ITonitffiinu, M. Swi (1881). 
 Poitophilut HorvtgUu; M. 8ui (IWl). 
 
 "Off tho ooMt of Nov. SootU, .boat thirty mUe. south of H»lifa«. 101 
 *«*boiM, fine •.«!. »nd 110 £.ithonu, fine tand and mud," U. 8. Pi,h Com- 
 ^^1877 (a I. Smith. 1879; op. dt.. p. 61). On tho North Amm^ 
 oOMt it bM alM been dredged in the Gulf of Maine. 
 
 NiCTOCRAllOOM LAR (Owen). 
 
 Artii lar (Owen) Packard (1863 and 1887). 
 ITMneranton lor (Bnndt ex Owen) & I. Bmitb (18r»). 
 
 TOen by the U. 8. Pish Commieeionin 1877," about twenty miles south- 
 «.t from Cap. Sable, Nova Sro..a, 'n 09 fathoms; in B«lfo.d Basin. 
 
 *^ \^.t ** " '"''**°'' •"'* •*«"* '0 »"- off Halifax, in 6'.' 
 fathom. (S. I. Smith, 1879: of oit.. p. 61). Gulf of St. Lawreno^ dredged 
 bythewnterinl«7Son the 3radelle ,nd Orphan banks, also (in 1872) 
 iSn ""'••,8.^°'f<»'«'«»« « I-'"d, in 66 fathoms ; and by PaokaH, in 
 1860, off Oanbou IsUnd, in 10 fathom,. Squa« Island. Labrador, in 30 
 fathoms (P^jkard) ; Henley Harbour, Mtrait of Belle Isle, in 10 fathoms; 
 and D^ Island (near Squar* Islands Librador; Steams expedition, (S. I. 
 Smith). On the North American coast, the geographical range of thu 
 species u. from Nova Scotia to the Arctic Ocean, and it. range in depth 
 from 10 fathoms, or less, to 60 fathoms. 
 
 Cabioion Ookooki (Spknci. Bate). 
 
 fitwo/yte Oorioni (Bate) Norman. 
 Oiridion Oordoni, Oiie* (1888). 
 
 Bay of Fundy, 40 to 60 fathoms, rocky, Aug. 14, 1868.— aftmale carrying 
 •ggs; and off White Head, Grand Manan, 40 to 60fathons, 1872 (S I 
 Smith, 1879; op. cit., p. 62). 
 
 Family Uomaridm. 
 
 HoMABcs Ambricaitdb, Milne Edwards. 
 
 The American lobster occurs throughout the whole of the region now 
 under consideration, but is rarely if ever takra by the dredge. It is known 
 
SM 
 
 to oorar m br to the MuthwMd •• tk* eoMt of Mtw Jtmy, aiid to th* 
 ■orthwvd $»Urtm HmUy HMboar. (»Mto»ii Bmj, Ubndor. whm it wm 
 obMTTwl by PMlwrd in 1864. At Orsml Mmm, BtimpMa ao'm that 
 lobtton art " nM by tha iBhaUtanti to oecvr in grwt nambwn ia Jmf, at 
 Grand Harbour, in hotoi in the Mod joet briow low w*Wr mwk. Thoy mrt 
 eeuly taken with boat hook.. " In P«*M»iM!ttoddy Bay, Oanoiig saye that 
 lobetom are "quite abundant in the pooU near low- water mark, hiding in 
 oaritiea under ledger" Off Piotou I«land and at eereral looalitie* in the 
 Onll of 8t. Uwrenoe, the writer baa frequently taken rery young living 
 •pecitnana. lew than an inch in length, in a towing net, among niaaaea of 
 j^Mma and other ooarae aea weeda drifted from near the ahore. The early 
 ataffea of the American lofaater have been deaoribed in detoU by Profeaeor 
 B. I. Smith, in the American Journal of Science and Arta for June, 187a, 
 the paper being deacriptiTa of apecimena from Vineyard Bound and the 
 adjacent waten. 
 
 In Mr. F. H. Herriok'a memoir on "The American lobster : A Study of 
 iU HabiU and Development," pabluhed in 1896, in the Bulletin of tlie V. 
 8. FUh Coinmiaaion, vol. xv., and on p. 117, the following paaiage occur*, in 
 i«ferenoe to tha aize that thia apeciea aometimex attaina ta 
 
 " Theiie notee f nrniah evidence, if any were needed, that very large lobatera, 
 weighing twenty pounda or more, are even now occaaionally taken, but I 
 have never obuined any reliable evidence that lobetera weighing over 
 twenty five pounda have ever been ctighv. When lobatera are said to have 
 attained a greator weight, meaaureMenU of the parte of the skeleton which 
 have been preserved invariably prov** that iho ftgurea have been exaggerated. 
 I do not maintain that the Atueriean louav.;.- does not reach a greater weight 
 than twenty-five pounda, but that I have been unable, up to the prewnt 
 time, to diaoover any well authentioatod evidence that thia ia the caae." 
 
 " Many pointu on the coMt of Maine and the Maritime Provinces still 
 furnish large lobsters, weighing ten pounds or more, but not in any conside- 
 rable number, and lobsters of five poomls weight are frequently common ; 
 yet it u at the same time true that the siie of the lobater has been declining 
 for many years, until the average weight ha^ in most places, fallen below 
 two pounds."* 
 
 In the Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural HUtory, vol. xii., 
 published in 1900, Professor R. P. Whitfield says that two lobeten-, one 
 weighing about thirty-four pounds, and the other about thirty-one, were 
 taken off Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, in the spring of 1897. And, in 
 the Montreal Daily Witness for June 8, 1901, it is stated that a lobster 
 that "measures four feet from the tip of the claws to the tip of the tail," 
 and " weighs twenty-three pounds, waa caught in a trap a few miles off the 
 
 ahora of Grand Manan," i n June, 1901. 
 
 * For thi» refenmoe the writer ia indebted to Mr. J. Crawford SimpMii. 
 
S67 
 
 Faatily T h mu mat l ot M uhL 
 
 Camoam MoAkdkme, BeU. 
 
 u UM Qalf of St. Uwrraot, twtaty bUm lo Um MwthwMi of tho 8o«th. 
 Wmt Foiat of tho lalud of AntioMti, is 190 hthoau, mvd 
 
 FMuily Oaiatlmda. 
 Mvmoonu oumviiomA, WhitwiTw. 
 M74. Abw. Joun. So. %aA Arta, Thifd Swi.., yol. til, p. Ml 
 
 in oatline i flff. la, ovaoMw of th« auie, u m^.q from sbove 
 •wuiwi »«> ■bout OM and • half tinif« tho natural nia. 
 
 lai; 
 
 OriginU deacription of tba genus uid ipeciet. 
 
 " Munidopii, eurvirostra, nov. gen. et sp. External •uteniw kbout 
 equal io length to the CM«pMe and iu roatram ; internal onw very abort, 
 not reaching farther than about one-fourth the length of the beak. Evea 
 rudxnuntary, longitudinally oval, light yellowish in colour; eonua devoid of 
 farttt. Carapace squarish, but longer than broad, with an outwardly 
 directed straight spine on each of the front angles. Unper surface of the 
 Mrapace granulate, hispid, transverwly irregularly plica**. In the centre* 
 there are two dorsal spines, placed one above the other, but at some dUtancn 
 apart. These, as are two similar spines on the tail segments, are all exactly 
 in a line with the rostrum, and the whole four point forward. Rostrum 
 ixmpU (without the spine on aach side of the base so characteristic of liunida) 
 eon,picum>,ly curved up,.,ard, stout at the base and gradually tapering to a 
 Bne point A single spine in the centre of the first ar..l second tail segnienU 
 the rest devoid of any. ^A^^^r pait^Jegs about as long a.^ but not 
 
 . Orj rath«r,-ni«li«n line ; and in the i.Hrt line.lir^ tlivT" i»d-in advMw! 
 
tM 
 
 loagw. tiMka fraa tb* apM o« th* mtram to Ih* twl o! th» uU, MMMiiBfl 
 • UMl«lMjoadUMti|»o(tlM<MtwMilM»« TU fallowing •»»th«*«MMf^ 
 ■Mte ol M smuf* mm! •ppMmtljr Mlalt ftiMl" : l^igth. (ram »fn of 
 TCalraB to Up ol toil, l.M Inch ; ol oknpMM, lacMinf tho tmtnm, .69 
 iaob J ol cxtorior MtooMt, 76 imh ; ol Mtorior log^ .94 ." 
 
 " laltobita tho owttro ol tho moatb ol tho Bt Uwronoo Ri»or*, bolwoon 
 AntkMNti Md tho tooth •hoio. In horn 180 to 880 (othoow, wad prebobly 
 borrow* ia tho <Uop too miH]." , . , . 
 
 " Fram Mimidm U nwy ot onco bo diatlngnUhod by iu eorwd mni liinplo 
 fwlrom. In tho rodlmontory ohw^tor ol Ito oyoi It clowily re-mUet 
 Caloemru, bot not in moay othor rwipoot*" 
 
 Thto dowipUoo WM bowd opon loor odalt IWng lomalw, drodgwl by 
 tho writor iB 1878. Spooimoiw ol both mzoo, which ho»e booo ldo»*>«od 
 with this >poei«o by Prolo««>r 8. 1. Bmith, woro lubMqoently diodgod by tho 
 88. AlbotroM, of tho U. 8. Pi»h Co«miaUoa. ia 1883 and 1H84, in very doop 
 wator (75 to 1390 (athoBt) off tho aorth-oaot ooaot ol tho Unitod Stato*. 
 
 Aoooidiac to ProlMMm 8»itht. aod J. R. HoBiio»oB,t Oo/ocon'Ao, 
 OnUahodm and OropHorK^nckut ol A. Milno Bdwardi, are •ynonym. o| 
 
 Family Pufuridn. 
 EuPAGuaoa Buxhardc* (L.). 
 
 I i 
 
 Pagmm Bernkardui. J. C. F«hriciii. (17M) I iM OomW (mi). 
 Suparirut JmUanhM, Bnadt (IWt). 
 3imkmr*u trMtrnfa (Dwa) 8iin|Maa (18B8). 
 
 Long ItUnd Soand to Halifax, N.8., Irom low-wator mark to a dopth of 
 8« fathom* (a I. Smith). Grand Manan (8timp*>n). "In tho Bay ol 
 Fnady, 1864, 18«8, 1870 and 1873, it wa* oooauonally tound at low water, 
 and was common at tho same dapths and on aimUar bottoms a* in Oaooo Bay ; 
 also drodgwl off Whito Htad, Grand Manan, in 40 to 60 fathoms, 1878. 
 '• In and noar Halif« Harboor, Nova Scotia, 18 to 38 fathoms, sand, grarol 
 •tones and sand and red alg«, 1877. I hay* never eeon ipeoimon* from tho 
 Golf of St. Lawrence nor Labrador, and can ftnd no record of iu occurrence 
 on our ea*tom coast north of Halifas. I have litUe doubt, however, that it 
 occur* in the •outhom part of tho Gulf of St Lawrence " (S. I. Smith, 1679; 
 op. cit, p. 46 and 47). 
 
 • Or, more oocwoUy,— th» dMpMt |»rU ot the Gulf of St. L»wTeiice. 
 t PiDoeedingi of tJw U. 8. NittkMwl MuMum for 1884, vol vil., p. 488. 
 t H.H.S. Ch»Urngtr Reporti, Zoola«y, toI. iivii., p. 148. 
 
KvPAOoios PDBMcma (fCr<^). 
 
 *iWtrtupuh,tMni, Bnwdt (IMl). 
 Thitrnthct lb, ««r. nwkHi, fro. low-.Ur Mrk to lOA fotboiM. iu 
 
 BopAorwui kaoriM, SUmpiion. 
 th«pf*»dlag j«.o«. Pr„f«s«,r 8. I Smith. f.ow«v«r, who ramnl. it «. 
 
 J. R. HMMknOB, in hi. Report .,« th» CWlengw Anomurm qooto. ^ 
 
 PABAfAOOBt'B PltOBIBAHUa, 8. I. SlDlUl. 
 1879. TimM. Conn. Anrf. Arto wkJ 8c.. vol. V, p. 61. 
 
 fcthwn^ h«d bottom, off the co«t of Nov. SootU. n^l, duo ;o;th of 
 H.hf«, Md«noethen. f.w«|ditioniJ.peoiB..n.h«v. been b«H.ght in 
 bjrfl.hen«enfro«d.epw.t«:offNovA8ootii. " In .11 the .p«riZ! -^ 
 
 arrt dewnbrf. Some of the young .p«,imen. .bew very pbdnly the^tro- 
 pod d>.ll, which ^e. .. A nuoleu. .bout which the JlL^ c^^nt 
 U built" (8 I. Smith. ,881; P«.. U. 8. N.t. ^^.^T^.'^^Z 
 .I«c« ha. b«.„ dredged by the 8.8. R,h Hawk, of the U. 8. Fii Com 
 nu«on. off the «,uth ooaat of New EngUnd. in f«,m 260 to 372 fathon,m in 
 ^880; and by the aS. Albatrc, a little farther to the ^uth-CMtw^ U 
 from 863 to 2.031 fathom*, in 1884. «»»»wara, in 
 
 • rorh»DdIui,»r VidenilcU-SeWcta ChriHUni., No. 18. p. 42. 
 t An».h ADd Mxuin. of NMurU Hiitory. S«. vi... »ol. v.. p. 6. 
 

 f 
 I : 
 
 SM 
 
 Funily LUhodiJji 
 
 lilTHOOn MAIA (L). 
 
 In 1878, fine tpeoimena of L. maia were obtained from off Sable laluid, 
 Nov* Sootia, in 260 fkthoma rooky bottom, by Philip MerohantHidThomM 
 Oinnevan, of the eohooner Marion, and preeented to the 17. S. ¥vlk Oommie- 
 sion (S. I. Smith, 1879; Trans. Conn. Aoad. Arte and So., vol. v., pp. 4& 
 and 46). 
 
 BBAOHTDRA. 
 
 Family Maituke, 
 Htab araxbdb (L). 
 
 Caneer arantut, L. (1768). 
 
 ffytu arawM, Leach (1814) ; et WKst. 
 
 On the Nova Sootian ooaat this species has been dredged by the U. S. 
 Fish Commision, on the Le Have Bank, in 60 fathoms, and off Ghebnoto- 
 Head, in 20 fathoms, in 1872 ; also in and near Halifax Harbonr, in from 16 
 to 25 fathoms, in 1877. In the Oulf of St. Lawrence, it was found abund- 
 antly at Caribou Island by Packard in 1860 ; in Ellis Bay, Anticoeti, in 8 
 fathoms, rocky bottom, by the Anticoeti expedition of 1861 ; and on the 
 Orphan Bank, entrance to Oasp^ Bay, etc., by the writer in 1872 and 1873. 
 On the Atlantic coast of Labrador it was collected by Packard in 
 1864, and by the Stearns expedition in 1882. 
 
 HTA'i ooabctatob, Iieach. 
 
 Grand Manan, not uncommon in the laminarian zone (Stimpson). " Bay 
 of Fundy, 1864, 1868, 1870 and 1872, rarely taken among rocks at low- 
 water mark, and not uncommon in 10 to 77 fathoms " (S. I. Smith, 1879 ; 
 op. cit., p. 44). Off Nova Scotia it has been dredged by the U. S. Fish 
 Commission, on the Le Have Bank in 45 and 60 fathoms in 1872 ; off Cape 
 Negro and off Shelburne, in 47 and 59 fathoms ; also in and near Halifax 
 Harbour, in 18 to 67 fathoms ; in 1877. In the Qulf of St Lawrence, where 
 it is a favourite morsel for cod, it has been dredged at Caribou Island by 
 Packard in 1864, and at many other localities by the writer in 1871-73. It 
 has also been collected on the Atlantic coast of Labrador, by Packard and 
 the Stearns e> pedition. 
 
 The Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, in a paper on Arctic Crustacea, published in 
 the Annals and Magazine of Natural History for January, 1900, doubts 
 whether H. coarctalus is more than a variety of H. araneut. 
 
Ml 
 
 CBioRCTCim opiuo (O. PabriolM). 
 
 C^ l>*a<<»Vi««. o. F.brid« (1780) j not of J. 0. FiOirieiai (177S) 
 0«»cr cpaio, O. FiArioia. (1870) , (..t. Krtyer. '' 
 
 CkMHiawtat arUio, ICrdrw (1838). 
 
 OK°K yi?*^ ^■^■' ^ '* '^'^"" ' «"• •*«>» twenty^x mile, .oath of 
 1879, op. at., p. 41 ). The .peciee i. widely di.tribut«l throughout the Gulf 
 
 tt th r '^* ^'^."'•" ^~"'*'^ "J'* *»»* "• n««-b.rTe« taken 
 fo»m the .ton.«,h. of cod from the b«k » off Caribou Islaad. in 1860 ; iJ^ 
 Jr«^r TT "^T """«""°°'» *" »he Strait of Belle Lie, inlO to 6(^ 
 fathoms ; and at Chateau Bay. Labrador, in 30 to 60 fathom!." 
 
 Family Portunida. 
 NBPTUifus Sayi, Milne Edwatda. 
 
 LupapOagica, Say (1817) ; nee Linni 
 Wertumu Sapi, A. MUne Edward* (1861). 
 
 H M. 8. Ch^Ienger, Station 49 (May 20. 1873), wuth of Halifax. Nov. 
 
 m^^) " * «»1« of "thi. common pelagic specie," 
 
 FamUy Canerida. 
 Canceb am-bhcs, Herbst. 
 
 Cmteeramamu. Herbrt (1799) ; te«e 8. I. Smith.* 
 Concer imratu; Say (1817) ; male* only. 
 Cmietr Sapi, Gould <1841). 
 Caneer boreali,, P«.k,rd (1887) ; not Stimiaon. 
 
 waST'W^'"^ "^*''°«'^ "^7 "-'^ •" '*^*''' *"'>°8 »»"« "X'ks at low- 
 water Stimpsoa). Bay of Fundy, 1864. 1868, 1870 and 1872. but 
 
 3Tn ""t •";'""'^"* *»»- « I-°« I-'-nd Sound, and on thesouth 
 o»s.t ^ Now England ; and at several localities in and near Halifax Har- 
 ^"' ^r ^"^ «» »« to 21 fathoms. 1872, 1877 (8. I. Smith. 1879; op 
 c. p. 38) The common crab of the Golf of St. Lawrence, which has been 
 coUected at many localities in that region by Bell. Packarf, the Cambridge 
 Anticost. exploring expedition of 1862. S ir J. W. Daw*,n, the writer, and 
 ^^•^Annual Report of the V. S. Fi*h Com»i.*io„ for 1886. W.*hingto„, 1886. p^ 
 
 . 
 
(l 
 
 MS 
 
 othws. Ffeokard nootda iU oocominoe at Oariboa laUnd, and itatoa that he 
 was informed that it wai fonnd at Hamilton Inlet (Labrador). It ie eaid to 
 ocenr as far to the Muthward a« South Carolina, where it ia "apparently 
 
 rare." 
 
 Cahou bobiaui, Btimpaon. 
 
 Canctr irroradM, 8>7 (1817) ; fmaim only. 
 
 CmnetT irnratut, Oonld (1841) ; and atim|iaoa (1863). 
 
 Omeer barmlU, Stimpwn (18W). 
 
 Bay of Fuady and Nora Scotia (Stimpeon), ■oath««rd to near Noank, 
 Gonnecticat (S. I. Smith). 
 
 ARACHNIDA. 
 
 PTciroooinDA (partopoda). 
 
 Family Pyenogonidce. 
 
 PrcNoaoHOM littorai,! (Strom). 
 
 Pkaianoifim tiUoraU, Strtim (1782). 
 Pyetuvonum litlorale, U. Fkbriciiu (1780). 
 P^cnoffonnm pdagieun, StimpKm (ISES). 
 
 " On our coast " this species " ranges, so far as now known, from Long 
 Island Sound to the Gulf of St Lawrence (Whiteaves), though ita occurrence 
 south of Cape Cod ii exceptional. In the Bay of Fundy it is not uncommon 
 under stones at low-«ater mwk, and it extends down to 430 fathoms. It 
 is sometimes found clinging to actinias ; at Eastport, Maine, seventeen 
 specimens were taken from Bunotht ttella, growing on the rocks near low- 
 water mark ; and off Cape Sable, N.8., they were found in considerable 
 numbers attached to the base of Bcloeera Tuedioe " (Dr. R B. Wilson).* In 
 the Oulf of St. Lawrence seven specimens of P. liUorale were dredged by the 
 writer, in 1871, off Kast Cape, Anticosti, bearing 8. by W., twenty-four 
 .niles distant, in 212 fathoms, mud. 
 
 Family Aehelidce, 
 Acbblia 8PIK08A (Stimpson). 
 
 Xele$ tpinoM, Stimpaon (1853). 
 AoMia tpinota, Wilion (1878). 
 
 Oronii Manan, •' in the lamioarisn rone, one specimen " (Stimpson). 
 
 ' Report on the Pycnogonid* of New EngUnd uid adjaoent water*," U. S. Fuh Com- 
 miMion Report for 1878, Wariiing-ton. 1880, pp. 463-608, from which ate eitntcted all the 
 other quotations to which Dr. Wilwm'i name i* here appended. 
 
288 
 
 Family PalUnida. 
 FBiuDOPALuns BispiDA (Stimpaon). 
 
 Pa/lene hi^fida, StimpMB (186S). 
 Ptudcfmllnt hitpida, Wa»on (1878). 
 
 G«ndMan«^Uk«. by 8Ump«>n in 1852 ".mong J.c«i« «„/Wr. in 
 faSfo™ ^ ®' '^'"'' Con.mi«ion in 1872. in 60 to 66 
 
 Fboxicbilidiom maxillabe, Stimpwn. 
 Grand Man« " Uk- i. t«gled g^up. of a do«« or more. attach«l to 
 
 fsVIl f'.K rr.** W-water" by 8ti.„p«,n in 1862 ; and in 60- 
 65 fathom, by the U. S. Fish Commi«ion in 1872. H.lif«i. N.8., on pile, 
 at low water. U. 8. FUh CommiMioo. 1877 (WiI«on). 
 
 Family Nymphonida. 
 Ammothba ach«lioid«8, Wilson. 
 
 1878. TtMfc Conn. A<ad. Arte and Sc., vol. v., p. 18. 
 Grand Manan, U. 8. Fish Commission. 1872 (Wil«m). 
 
 Nymphok STEOtJiii, Kroyer. 
 
 Nyuplum airanui, Kroyer (1844). 
 
 Sjimphon giganttum, Goodiir (1845) ; fide Wilaon. 
 Nova Scotia: Cape Sable, N.W., eighteen to twenty-two miles in 69 
 fa«.om^ e,ght mile, and a half off Halifax, in 62 fathoms; and CfoJ 
 B«n, Halifax, in 35 fathoms ; U.S. Fish Commission, 1877 (Wil«,nrOurf 
 
 Ntmphon brivicollcm, Hoek. 
 
 '^'' -?-**;f- <?';»»«"'«"• Report., Zoology, vol. ,„., Rep. on the 
 Pycno(?onid», pp. 19 and 46. 
 
 HM.S. Challenger, Station 49 (May 20, 1873) south of Halifax Nova 
 Scotia, in 85 fathoms (Hoek). ' 
 
 Nymphon machum, WUson. 
 
 1880. U. S. Fi.h Comm. Rep. for 1878, p. 487. 
 
 A single specimen w«, taken at Banquereau. Nova Scotia, in 1878 from 
 the cable of the schooner Marion (Wilson). ' 
 
M4 
 
 _«i Ohebocto light. N.W. by W.. «ght «d * hJl mU«. m 1877 , *nd 
 in the out* hrbBur, HJifw. in 1879 (Wilwn). 
 
 Ntmpbor obo«i«« (0. F»briciui). 
 
 PuMuMKHUMi aromm, O. FabrWni (1780). 
 
 ..Thi-andthe pr«»ding .p«ii« « the oo«»on«t of t^* 8^P-^« 
 ««r.outh.rlyloL.,*ro«whiohI •--^ll^ir J,,^?JJ?.- 
 
 Uwrenoe, dwdg«l by Mr. Whit-^ve. w ii ' ^ ^^ ^^ 
 
 nuMim^ (Wn->, Buka, W fathoiM ; common off Halifax, 16 to 
 
 B.y. common, St Q^rge^ttM^ ^ ^^ ^^^ 
 
 101 fatboma; Bedford Baain, naiiwx i»»ru«i.., . _ lo ♦« iin 
 
 -«L.^w!^k mud In depth the ohaerved range w from 12 to 110 
 
 fr Si Sr^ore^dinTlp^iea, it i. found upon neeriy all bottom^ 
 
 r^enitt leLTt^^ttom .peciea, and i. more often «.en 
 
 %':SX^^i.'SJe:r^X.- 1873.at Sution 4,.o.h 
 oIlSS^ S ^thoma. ^kard dredged it, in 1860, at Salmon Bay 
 1^^'^d ; «Ki m 1864. at Square l^i. Labrador, u. from IB 
 toSOfathoma. 
 
 Ntmphoh hibtcm, J. C. Fabriciua. 
 
 y^pkan *.X«». J. C. F.briciu. (1794) , fide Wil»n. 
 
 ..TJren in «e.t numbers off Halifax by the V. 8. Fish CommUrion in 
 "Taken in great nuu. „ bottoms, down to BO fathoms. 
 
 ZS/tL'^Jv" "LvTrS^iiTi^'^Sax. L BO fathoms, muddy bottom 
 S:grU.'em.p b;tndrede, clinging to the m.he. of the traw.-net" 
 
 <Wil»on). 
 
260 
 
 OHOBDATA. 
 
 UBOCHORDATA (TUNICATE8 OB A8CIDIANS).* 
 Family Didemnidot. 
 Lkpioclihuii ALBiDUM, VerrilL 
 
 1871. Amer. Joure. So. and Art., Third Series, vol. i, p. ««• 
 "Grand M.n.n, 10 to 18 fathom,. 1870 " (VerriU) ; abundant in the Bay 
 of Fundy, lo-r-water to 80 fathom.," U. S. Fish CommiMion, 1872 {Vemll)^ 
 Between Kcton Wand, N.S.. and Cape Bear, P.E.I., Whiteavee, 1873 
 <Vemll); and "Mingan Islands, IH fathom.", 1861 (Vemll). Labrador 
 coast, Packard (VerriU). 
 
 Lbftoclisdm albidum, var. lutkolum. 
 
 Ltptoclimm lutmlwa, VerriU (1871). 
 Leptoolinum albidum, var. luteolum, VerriU (1879)- 
 
 "Baetport, Me., and Grand Manan, with the preceding species, 1870" 
 
 (VerriU) • Bay of Fundy, low-water to 80 fathoms, common, U. 8. Fish 
 
 Commission, 1872 (VerriU) " Under the name of Dide^nnium rceum, 
 
 Sars " (which is said to have been •' found frequently encrusting fucoid. in 
 
 mas.«i an inch in diameter, in 10 fathoms, HopeUale, and on the whole 
 
 coast" of Labrador) VerriU think, that Packard probably included both 
 
 thi. and the typical fonn of the species. 
 
 Family PolycHnidtr. 
 Aplioium despectum, Herdman. 
 ie8& H.M.S. Challt-nger Reiwrt*. Zoology, vol. xiv, p. 21«. 
 H.M.S. Challenger, Suiiou 4H (May 8, 1873) I^ Have Bank, off Nova 
 Scotia, in 51 fathtMns (Herdman). 
 
 Amaboucicm pallidum, VerriU. 
 
 Amourounum pallidum, VerriU (1871). 
 Amaroeeium pallidum, VerriU (1873). 
 Jmoraeium paUidum, VerriU (1879). 
 
 « Eastport Harbour and Bay of Fundy, low-water to 80 fathom^" U. S. 
 Fidi GommiMion, 1872 (VerriU). Gulf of St. Lawrence, eigh^ mUee soutJi- 
 
 •Near^bewholeof the Tunicate, in thr writer's St. Lawrence dredpngs wwe detrr- 
 miaed many yt»n ago by Profewor VerriU. 
 
266 
 
 «Mt of BMWTentnre Island, in 06 fathoms, stones and coarse sand, dredged 
 by the writer in 1873, and subsequently identified with this species by 
 Professor Verrill. 
 
 Amaroccium olabrum, Verrill. 
 
 Amouroueium glabrHm, Vefrill (1871). 
 Amaratium fflabmrn, Verrill (1879). 
 
 " Eastport Harbour and Urand Manan, low-water, under stones, to 60 
 fathoms, stony and shelly bottoms, attached to stones, shells, aaoidians, etc., 
 common, 1870 " (Verrill). Le Have Bank, N.S., in 60 fiMbom^ U. S. Fish 
 Commission 1872 (Smith and Harger). Oulf of St. Lawrence, dredged by 
 the writer, in 1872, fifteen miles S.S.E. ef Bonaventure Island, in 00 fathoms ; 
 also in 1873, on the Orphan Bank, an<i in Gaspe Bay. 
 
 Fairily BotryUidm. 
 
 BoTRTLLUS. (Species undetermined.) 
 
 Gulf of St. Lawrence, dredged by the writer, in 1871, half way between 
 Fointe dee Monts and the west end of Trinity Bay, in 96 fathoms ; and, in 
 1872, fifteen miles S.S.Fi. of Bonaventure Island, in 00 fathoms. 
 
 Family AicidiidiK. 
 AsciDiA COMPLAXATA, Fabricius. 
 
 Atcidia eomp/anaia, O. Fabricius (17H0). 
 Atridia cal/ota, StimiiKin (18B3). 
 Atcidiopt($ complanatii, Verrill (1872). 
 
 " This species " {A. callota) "is abundant in Passamaquoddy Bay from 
 low-water mark to thirty feel " (? fathoms). " It is usually found adhering 
 broadly by the left side to the under surface of large stones.' Grand 
 Manan, " very abundant on shelly bottoms, affording attachment to many 
 species of zoophytes" (Stimpson). " E^tport, Me., and Grand Manan, at 
 low- water mark under stones, in pools between tides, and at all depths to 120 
 fathoms, on stony bottoms, very abundant, 1870 " (Verrill). Off Cape Sable, 
 Nova Scotia, SS. Albatross dredgings of 1883 (Verrill). Between Pictou 
 Island, N.S., and Cape Bear, P.E.I. ; on the Orphan Bank, and at many 
 localities in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, dredged by tb« writer in 1871, 1872 
 and 1873. " Abundant at the Strait of Belle Isle in 40 to 50 fathoms, 
 occuring as on the coast of Maine, but growing to a larger size in masses 
 affording shelter to various worms. Gephyrea, and Modiolariiv, and serving a» 
 a base of attachment to numerous Hydroids" (Packard). 
 
367 
 
 AaciDiA rxLciouu, Hardnwii. 
 
 IWM). Edinbarfh Royal Sooiety PioeMdinKi, HMtoa 1879-80, p. 48«. 
 1882. H. H. S. Cfaallmger IUp»rto, Zoolofy, vol Ti, p. 211. 
 
 H. M. S. Ghallenger, SUtion 49 (May 20, 1673) soath of Nora Scotia, in 
 lat. 43' 3' N., long. 63' 39 W., 85 fathoms, gravel and stonea, eight or nine 
 specimens (Herdman). 
 
 CiONA TBXBLLA (Stimpaon). 
 
 Atddia tenttla, StimpMii (1861). 
 Ciona Itntlla, Verrill (1871). ' 
 
 Grand Manan, in 30 fathoms off Great Dock Island (StimpAon). 
 
 Chblvoboha aiOMnBicoM, Stimpaon. 
 
 Ateidia gmmetriat, Stimpton (18fi2). 
 Chdyotoma geomttriea, Stimpaon (1860). 
 
 Grand Manan, " in 3S fathoms off Ix>ng Island " (Stimpaon). 
 
 Family CyrUhiadfe. 
 
 Ulandula PIBB08A, Stimpaon. 
 
 Urar.J Manan, " dredged in considerable numbers on muddy bottoms in 
 the coralline zone. " They appear like bard balls of mud, about the size of 
 an ounce bullet " (Stimpson). Between Cape George, N.S., and Port Hood, 
 Cape Breton; dredged by the writer in 1873 (Verrill). 
 
 Glahdula mollis, Stimpaon. 
 Grand Manan, " in 10 fathoms, sand (Stimpson) ; Buy of Fundy ( ferrill). 
 
 Olandula abehicola, Verrill. 
 
 1872. Amer. Joum. Sc. »nd ArU, Third rieriea, vol. Ill, p. 288. 
 
 Murray Bay, Sir J. W. Dawson (Verrill) ; and since dredged on St 
 Georges Bank, in 28 fathoms sand, by Professor S. I. Smith. 
 
li' 
 
 SM 
 
 HALOOTimiA BURIOA (L.) 
 
 AmMt nuHM, L. i and a ttiaMm. 
 Aim* moDCttnt, MttUw (IMt). 
 On(k<« wwrfyhW". PMkard (UST). 
 JSb<o«ynl*<* rwMx^ VmUl (UTB). 
 
 Between Pkrtoa I^mmI siid Gepe Bew, P.E.I., WhiteAvee, 187S (VerriU) ; 
 Mumy Bay, rery kbttndMtt, Sir J. W. DewioD (Verrill) ; Owibon laiMd, 
 8 fethouM, <» nnUiporec (FMkwd). 
 
 Halootxtbia PTk . ^<^iin (Bethke). 
 
 Aieldia pyriformit, Rathke (1806). 
 CfMhia pprtfontii, Stimpaon (tSSS), 
 BaherntkiapyriformU, VarrUl (UTV). 
 
 Onund ManML " It ia one of the moat beeutifnl nuurine produotiont foauil 
 in this region, h»Tinf[ in ita hard velrety aarface, and bright pink Unth, 
 predaely the aapeot of a blood-peaoh. In fact, it ia oalled tta-pMch by the 
 inhabitanta. Some of my apeoimena are three inchea in length." " It Uvea 
 in clear water on rocky bottoms among nolliporea, sometimes at low-water 
 mark, bat nsnally in 4 or 6 fathoma " (Stimpaon). " Eaatport and Grand 
 Manan, from near extreme low-water mark of spring tides, nnder and among 
 stones, to 60 fathoms, ahelly and stony, common, 1870 " (Verrill). Fassa- 
 maqnoddy Bay (Oanong). Off Cape Sable, N.S.,SS. Albatross dtedgings of 
 1883 (Verrill). Oulf of St. Lawrence, dredged by the writer in 1872, off 
 Cap des Rosiers lighthoose, in 7 fathoms ; and in 1873, on the Orphan 
 Bank,— also between Picton Island, N.S., and Cape Bear, P.KI. Cariboa 
 Island (Packard). 
 
 Halocththia ichixata (L.) 
 
 Aieidia eekinata, L. (1767) ; O. Fabriciiu ; et must. 
 Vrntkia etkinaia, Stimpwo (18SS). 
 Btt[0(yntkia eekiitata, VerriU (1879). 
 
 Grand Manan, *' on rocky bottoms " (Stimpaon) ; " Esstport and Grand 
 Manan, at low-water under stones; and in 10 to 120 fathoms, not uncommon, 
 attaohed to other aaoidians, dead shells, stones, &c., " 1870 (Vet-rill). Chateau 
 Bay, L«brador, at a depth of 00 fathoms (Packard). 
 
969 
 
 Halootntru tubbbcdlum (Fkbrioint). 
 
 Amidia (attmrfiiM, O. rabridni (1710). 
 Aieidia tamta, AgMiii (UBO). 
 Cfntkiaplaanla, Paclurd (1M7) ; pun. 
 (^intkta carnea, Vwrill (1*71 )■ 
 Aloejmlkte hAtreulum, VtrriU (U7»). 
 
 "Onuid Maun, 10 to 30 fathom*, ihellj," 1870(Verrill); Le Have Bank, 
 N.8., in 40 fathoma, U. 8. Fiah Coinmiasion, 1872 (Smith and Harger). 
 Between Fiotou laland, N.8. : and Capo Bear, F. E. I. ; and fifteen mile* S.S. K. of 
 BonaTentnre laland, in 00 fathom*; Whiteave* (Verrill). "Dredged in 
 the 8trait of Belle Ide, 40 fathomf/ hard bottom ; Henley Harbour, 10 to 
 30 fathoma, aandy ; Cateaa Harbo ' ^-^ng Taland," Labrador, in 10 fathoms 
 (Packard— C. plaeenta). ^^v' 
 
 Pblomaia ARiNiFKiu, StimpsoD. 
 
 Between Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island, and throughout 
 Northumberland Strait, oominon, dredged by the writer in 1873. In 10 
 fathoms, aand, Salmon Bay (east of the month of the Esquimaux River, P. 
 Q.) 1860 (Packard). 
 
 BoLTKirrA BoLTBNi (L) and var. rubra. 
 
 Vortietttn OoUnii, L. (1771). 
 
 Ateidia elamla, O. Fttbrichu (I'HO). 
 
 BolUiM BotUiJ. Savigny (181B) ; and Packard (1867). 
 
 Sotienia rcnifomii, MicLeay (182S); (kiuld (1841) ; and Htiin|i*on. 
 
 Bolttnia rubra, Stimpaon (1852). 
 
 aoUtnia davata, atimpKjii {imi) ; and Gould (1870). 
 
 BMmia ovifarmit (Savigny) Packard (18US). 
 
 Grand Manan, on " rocks in deep water " (Stimpsou). Ln Have Bank, 
 N.S., in 45 fathoms, U. S. Fish Commissiion, 1872 (Sniithi unJ Harger) ; and 
 off Cape Sable, N.S., U.S. Fish Cou i is^ion, SS. Albatrosa dredgings of 188:5 
 (Verrill). Gulf of St. Lawrence, dredged by the writer in 1 >72, eight miles 
 S.E. of Bonaventure Island, in 56 {athoius, three specimens, eighteen inches 
 long, when alive, — and fifteen miles S.8.E. of Bonaventure Island, in 50 
 fathoms, two specimens nearly two feet long ; and in 1673, at :he entrance 
 to Gasp^ Bay, and off Cape Bon Ami, P.Q , in 30 fathomis. Bank cf Curibou 
 Island, Packard, who bays thai » "comparison with specimens from Green- 
 land shows that this common species is found along our north-pastern coast 
 from the Bay of Fundy to Greenland." 
 
BOLTUU OIIUTA, MdilM-. 
 
 Boilmw eUiaU, Molhr (UMt). 
 ArflMMi AirMwAt, Oaald ( ISTO). 
 
 Onlf <rf Sk Lawrwo*, dredgad by th« writer In 1878 on the Orphan B«»k, 
 
 Mtd oir C^»e Bon Ami. Q-pi, in 30 Uthom*. Uumf B*7 (8w '• W- 
 
 DawMB). 
 
 BoLTBiiA BLMAMs, Hndnwn. 
 
 1881. Edinburgh Koytl Hnrntj PiocMdiii(i, HMtion U8IM1, p. 80. 
 1881 H.M.8. rh*llai««r R<i|»rt«, Zoolonr, t<J. vt, p. 88. 
 
 "H.M.8. Chnllenger, Station 4H "^ »y iJth, 187S) iouth ai Hnlifnx, Nom 
 Hootin, Ut 45* 2' N., long. 64° 3' W , aV.fnthonu, h»rd bottom, two qtwi- 
 , one aomewhkt dnmaged " (Henim^. 
 
 FMnilj Molfulida. 
 
 MoLOVLA PBODOCTA, Btiinpeon. 
 
 Fire milee 8.8. W. o( the aut point ot Prinoe Edward Islnnd. in 15 
 fnthonu, annd, dredged by thr writer in 1879 (Verrill). 
 
 MoLODLA PAIIV08A, YenilL 
 
 1871. AiMT. Joum. So. aad Arti, Third SeriM, vol. i., p. 86. 
 B*y of Pnndy (Verrill, 1872); Orphan Bank, Whitenvea, one •peoimen; 
 and Mnmy Bay, 8ir J. W. DawKm (teete Verrill). 
 
 MOLOULA MTOBTIPOKMia, VwrilL 
 18n. Op. cit., p. 88. 
 
 <• Bay of Fnndy, 10 to 25 fathom* " (Verrill, 1872.) 
 MoLOULA LiTTORALii, VerrilL 
 
 1871. Idem., p. M. 
 Between Pictoa Wand, N.S., and Cape Bear, P.E I.,— Whiteavee, 1873 
 (VerriU). 
 
 MoLOUiiA PAPILLOIA, Vorrill. 
 
 1871. Idem., p. S7. 
 Five miles S.S.W. of the east point of Prince Edward Island, with M. 
 prndueta; Whiteaves, 1873 (Verrill). 
 
 iMHiiilili 
 
971 
 
 EVUTBA riLULABtS, VwTiU. 
 
 Mtlr*tpamlmrU. VwriU (WW 
 »Virni^iitoWi, VattiU (ISTt). 
 
 "Onnd Mmim, off bw«llow'ii T«U. 10 to 30 fothoma, io.\ lovd, 1870 
 (VerriU). Tw mi<M oortb of ShMte, S.K, Abiutduit but uuaU ; off Si.' 
 John Rim, Mingui, in BO tetbomi ; WhitMvm (Varrill). 
 
 EOOTIA OLOTIVARI (MOlW). 
 
 CynlkM ttvHnam, MttUur (IMS). 
 
 HuJejr Hwrbonr, OhateM ^ L»hmdor, in 6 f«thoiM, und (PMkkrd). 
 
 Pnu BTiTAUjWA (M<»Uer) 
 
 danHim «AnrMa<Miu, UOUw ;!»«». 
 Anifrihinda, BtimiaoD (ItW). 
 Am crjMaMiM, VeirUl (187S). 
 
 ■■ Sk Oeorge'i Bmnk, •dUring to bmnohM at Swtularia pUyicniat in 30 
 fothomt" (StimpMn) ; Mnmj Bay, Sir J. W. Dawson (VerriU). 
 
ERRATA. 
 (In ooontiiig froa the top, the number of Um pag* w nut regnrM 
 
 Ffeg« 11. Lin* Ave from the top, (or " D'§lii>hanus" read DitUphm nm t . 
 
 Vmge 14. Lin* flfteen from top, (or " Point " resd Point*. 
 
 On p«g** 18(lin**ight (rom tit* bottom) and 29 (lin* •l*ven (ron IIm 
 bottom) th* word* HYDROM£Dt;s.E knd ttCYPHUMEUUH.« ihould b* in ft 
 littl* Urg*r cftpit*!*, in th* tjrp* •liewhare uHcd (or oImmi, not tiib •.!.'» («• 
 
 Pag* 30. 
 (or 
 
 P»g*44. 
 
 Page 61. 
 
 Page 64. 
 TypUoeoUtx. 
 
 Page 13S. 
 
 Pag* 1&9. 
 Macharoplax. 
 
 Line* i*n and nine (rom the bottom : 
 " ALCYONARIA. ^^ ANTHOZOA. 
 .NTHOZOA." ALCYONARIA. 
 
 Line eleven from the top, for "Jaeger" read Unnnenu. 
 Line two (rom the top, a(ter \!*d3 insert a comma. 
 Jin* MTonteen from the bottom, (or " Typhoociax " 
 
 Line three (rom the top, (or '< 1647 " read 1841. 
 
 Lin* four from th* bottom, (or " Maehaoplax " 
 
 read 
 
 read