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Les diagrammes sulvants illustrent la mAthode. irrata to pelure, n A □ 32X 1 2 3 % i. 2 3 4 i 5 6 uEixME - -.T i> tt!wfci«i i i i4.i i nr » furiirilinff and aatoundlny maaaar , laKmnch that ihs univrraa does not afford iia parallal, - LohU Ueiuu^H, 16*7 :\ V^,(Vvq^ current then Shoots onward like the irresistible course Of Destiny. Ah, terribly they rage,- [brain The hoarse and rapid whirlpools there! My Grows wild, my senses wander, as I gaze Upon the hurrying waters; and my sight Vainly would follow, as toward the verge Sweeps the wide torrent. Waves innumerable Meet there and madden, -waves innumerable Urge on and overtake the waves before, And disappear in thunder and in foam. They reach, they leap the barrier,— the abyss Swallows insatiable the sinking waves. A thousand rainbows arch them,and the woods Are deafened with the roar. The violent shock Shatters to vapor the descending sheets. A cloudy whirlwind fills the gulf, and heaves The mighty pyramid of circling mist To heaven. — yW A/aria Hertdia. Trantlatedty Wm. CulUn Bryant. more translucently gre( illy still and lovely thi ter. At this, her swf architrave of the ma El fixed and glorious wo d aquamarine or emeral — Sir Edwin ArnA ALONE WITH NATURE. Niagara, November 5, 1853. CORYDON, MY BROTHER: I am now leaning against tile trunk of an evergreen tree on a beauti- ful island in the midst of Niagara's foaming waters. I am alone. No breath of wind disturbs the leaves of evergreen which hang mute and motionless around me. Animated nature is silent, for the voice of God, like the "sound of many waters," is lifted up from the swathing clouds of hoary foam that rest upon the dark abyss below. " Oh, /earful ttream. How do thy terrors tear me from myself And fill my soul with wonder." I gaze upon the broad green waters as they come placid and smooth, like firm battalions of embattled hosts, moving in steady col- umns, till the sloping channel stirs the depths and maddens all thy waters. Then with angry roar the legions bound along the opposing rocks, until they reach the awful i brink, where all surcharged with frantic fury, they leap bellowing down the fearful rocks which thunder back the sullen echoes of thy voice, and shout God's power above the cloudy skies ! O man ! Frail child of dust thou art to lift thy insect voice upon this spot where tiie Almighty thunders from the swelling floods that lift to heaven their hoary breath, like clouds of smoking incense. O, that the assembled millions of the earth could now behold this scene sublime and awful, and adore the everlasting God whose fingers piled these giant cliffs, and sent His sounding seas to thunder down and shout in deafening tones, "We come from out the hollow of His hand, and haste to do His bidding." Your friend and brother, ^^a.^LuA »iiitiia»»Hmiuimi.i k-ith frantic fury, the fearful rocks ;n echoes of thy )\ver above the ail child of dust voice upon this unders from the aven their hoary ng incense. O, s of the earth ie sublime and ting God whose s, and sent His own and shout ne from out the laste to do His All the pictures you may see, all the de- scriptions you may read of Niagara, can only produce in your mind the faint glim- mer of the glow-worm compared with the overpowering beauty and glory of the meridian sun. —John J. A udubtH. THE CAVE OF THE WINDS. On a blazing hot, dry day in August, two strange creatures might liave been seen carefully picking their steps down a narrow path cut in the steep precipice that overlooks the whirling and hurrying waters of Niagara. They were apparently Esquimaux; and they were attended by a third person, also appar- ently an Esquimaux. All three wore heavy and amorphous garments of a blue woolen stuff; but these were mostly concealed by capacious oilskins. They had yellow oilskin caps tightly strapped on their heads; yellow oilskin jackets, witli flapping sleeves; yellow oilskin trousers of great width, but no par- ticular shape; and shoes of felt. These heavy garments became less hot as the Esquimaux began to receive shooting spurts of spray from the rocks overhead; and when, following their guide, they had to stand in a shower-bath for a few seconds, while he unlocked a small and mysterious portal, the cool splashing was not at all uncomfortable. Having passed through this WINDS. lay in August, liave been seen lown a narrow that overlooks ters ol Niagara, laux; and they on, also appar- ee wore heavy I blue woolen concealed by yellow oilskin heads; yellow leeves; yellow I, but no par- t. ne less hot as eive shooting :ks overhead; ide, they had I few seconds, id mysterious IS not at all tiirough this gate, they had to descend some wooden steps, and now began to receive blows on the head and blows on the siioulders, as though an avalanche of pebbles was upon them; while strange gusts of wind, blowing up from some wild cauldron below, dashed across their faces and mouths, blinding and choking them. Laughter sounds wild and unearthly in the thunder of tiie falling waters and the pistol- shots haniniering on one's head. Still fur- ther down the slippery steps go these three figures; and the roar increases; and the wild gusts rage with fiercer violence, as if they would whirl these three yellow phantoms into mid-air. The last of the wooden steps is reached; the travelers are on slippery rocks; and now before them is a vast and gloomy cave, and there is a wild whirlpool of lashing water in it, and beyond it, be- tween the travelers and the outside world is a blinding wall of water, torn by the wind into sheets of grey and white, and plunging down as if it would reach the very centre of the earth. The roar is indescribable. And how is it that the rushing currents of wind invariably sweep upward, as if to fight the falling masses of white water, and go whirl- ing a smoke of foam all about the higher reaches of this awful cavern ? — William Black. IS, blinding and unearthly in the > and the pistol- ead. Still fur- i go these three •s; and the wild ;nce, as if they llow phantoms f the wooden are on slippery 1 is a vast and wild whirlpool beyond it, be- )utside world is n by the wind , and plunging B very centre of :ribable. And rrents of wind if to fight the and go whirl- •ut the higher y^i//iam Black. And there, between us and the 'Horseshoe Fall, what was that we saw ? Was it some huge, pale ghost standing sentinel before Niagara? White, spectral, motion- less, it rose up and reached towards the stars-shapeless, dim, vague as a veiled ghost. It was like a great, colossal spectre wrapped in a robe of strange, dim light. —Lady Duffui Hardy. w I .Hi I have often looked upon those Infuriate! billows, which, for a mile above Niagara spit their froth into each other's faces uni the ocean below swallows their rage in abysmal depths. Then they rise again with resurrected fury, they tear down tb narrow gorge hemmed in by the high pn cipitous rocks ; they bellow in their rage they shriek out in their despair ; they moi in their anguish ; they dash against th stoical rocks ; there is no help ; down ini the tideless, fathomless, pitiless whirlpoi they are hurled. — Myran W. Hayiii ked upon those lnfuriate( >r a mile above Niagara to each other's faces uni swallows their rage in i Then they rise again fury, they tear down th nmed in by the high pn ley bellow in their rage their despair ; they moi ; they dash against tb re is no help ; down ini amless, pitiless whirlpa — Myron W. Haynt MY LAST DAY AT NIAGARA. I sat upon Table Rock, and felt as if sus- pemleil in the open air. Never before had niy mind been in such perfect unison with the scene. There were intervals, when I was conscious of nothing but the great river, rolling calmly into the abyss, rather ilescending than pre- cipitating itself, and acquiring tenfold majesty from its unhurried motion. It came like the march of I>cstiny. It was not taken by sur- prise, but seemed to have anticipated, in all its course through the broad lakes, that it must pour their collected waters down this height. The perfect foam of the river, after its descent, and the ever-varying shapes ot mist, rising up, to become clouds in the sky, would be the very picture of confusion, were it merely transient, like the rage of a tempest. But when the beholder has stood awhile, and perceived no lull in the storm, and considers that the vapor and the foam are as everlasting as the rocks which pro- duce them, all this turmoil assumes a sort of calmness. It soothes, while it awes the "I'""!- —NiUhanid Hawthorne. I No pen picture could do justice to the wonderful scenery about the falls. The ice mountain is enormous; the park and islands, while difficult to traverse, are weirdly beau- tiful. At the brink of the American Falls are huge ice mounds, anchored undoubtedly to some jutting rock, and looking as though they were about to topple over every instant. The rocky walls of the gorge are masses of ice of fantastic designs. Every tree and shrub is incased in a marble-like coat of ice. —Buffalo Express. justice to the falls. The ice irk and islands, ; weirdly beau- American Falls ed undoubtedly iking as though r every instant. ; are masses of ivery tree and ike coat of ice. uffalo Express. NIAGARA IN WINTER. I have seen the Falls in all weathers and in all seasons, but to my mitui the winter view is most beautiful. I saw them first during the hard winter of 1854, when a hun- dred cataract? of ice hung from the cliffs on either siilc, when the masses of ice brought down from Lake Krie were together at the foot, uniting the shores with a rugged bridge, and when every twig of every tree and bush on Goat Island was overlaid an inch deep with a coating of solid crystal. The air was still and the sun shone in a cloudless sky. The green of the fall, set in a landscape of sparkling silver, was infinitely more brilliant than in summer, when it is balanced by the trees, and the rainbows were almost too glorious for the eye to bear. I was not impressed by the sublimity of the scene, nor even by its terror, but solely by the fascina- tion of its wonderful beauty. With each succeeding visit Niagara has grown in height, in power, in majesty, in solemnity; but I have seen its climax of beauty. —Bayard Taylor. '■"^s^"' "^f*- ronder of the world. lerfdChecaMe tinn iiiployeil in compie- ideall preconceived! >n to be dire-struck I Jer must stand be- of his licurt, suffer- 11 wurlt its own im- light, I dreamed of every morninn by frowing capacity In %tManitl Havathorni. NIAC.ARA'S POWKR. The strongest and m>)st ciuluring impres- sion prodiucil upon the niiiuls of most vis- itors to Niagara is tjic sense of its resistless power. The ordinary llow ol water over the falls lias been conservatively estimated at two hundred and seventy thousand cubic feet per second, and its daily force something more than seven millions horse-power, enough, could it be applied, to operate all the manufacturing establishments of this country. To utilize some proportion of this immense power has been attempted for a century, but not until the possibility of its transmission by electricity has it been at- tempted upon a gigantic scale. For more than three years over a thousand men were constantly employed in the construction of a tunnel from a point about a mile above the falls to an outlet just below the Suspen- sion foot bridge. Into the immense wheel- pits were sunk turbines far surpassing in size and power any previously constructed, each crowned by a Titanic mushroom of a dyn- amo, by means of which the power obtained is transmuted into electrical force. The faith shown by the great capitalists in this gigantic undertaking has been fully justified by the recent successful operation of the completed plant. Besides the develop- ment of the City of Niagara Falls, a great industrial town, Echota, is in process of construction, and tlie whole interior of New York State is beginning to anticipate an era of tremendous industrial activity. If the daring promises of Nikola Tesia, the greatest electrician of the world, are fulfilled, it will be found possible "to place a hundred thou- sand horse-power on a wire and send it four hundred and fifty miles in one direction to New York, the metropolis of the East, and five hundred miles in the other direction to Chicago, the metropolis of the West, and serve the purposes and supply the wants of these greatest urban communities." the power obtained al force. le great capitalists ig has been fully :essful operation of sides the develop- ;ara Falls, a great is in process of le interior of New > anticipate an era activity. If the Tesla, the greatest re fulfilled, it will ; a hundred thou- e and send it four I one direction to of the East, and other direction to f the West, and iply the wants of unities." TO SEE NIAGARA. Niagara offers many scenes of marvelous beauty, of great variety, and of striking picturesqueness, that one should see under the varying conditions of sunlight and shadow, calm and storm, and under the silvery moonlight. Every mile of Niagara River, from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, especially from the Rapids above the Falls to the end of the gorge at Lewiston and Queenston, is filled with interesting and charming scenes. However long the traveler may linger, new beauties and new points of interest will present themselves, and the greater will be his appreciation of this won- derful scene. He has seen a grand sight who has looked out from Falls View, where the Michigan Cen- tral trains stop, but let him not think he has yet seen Niagara Falls, for the great cataract is many-sided, and should be seen from all points. The tourist will never know its majes- tic grandeur until he has stood below and seen its flood of waters pour from the very vault of heaven. He will never know Niag- ara's power until he passed behind its watery veil and felt the buffeting of its prisoned air, or stood beside the Whirlpool Rapids, and felt the utter impotence of man. He will never know its indescribable beauty until he lias watched the very center of the Horsesiioe and wooed the spirit of the waters, or wandered in the wooded aisles of Goat Island, or by the fairy cascades of the Three Sisters. He will never understand its wonderful voice until he has stood at the foot of the Great Horseshoe, and listened to its thunder, that Eugene Thayer, the famous organist, declared was "not a roar, but the divinest music on earth." The banks of the river upon either side of the Falls have been reserved by the Ontario and New York State Governments as free public parks, so that the expense of a visit to Niagara has been shorn of exorbitant charges. The hotel accommodations at 1 its flood of waters ur from the very ult of heaven. He I never know Niag- 's power until he itery veil and felt fled air, or stood 3ids, and felt the le will never know lil he has watched sesiioe and wooed wandered in the id, or by the fairy rs. He will never 'cice until he has Great Horseshoe, ler, that Eugene ist, declared was ; music on earth." on either side of d by the Ontario ernments as free xpense of a visit n of exorbitant mmodations at Niagara are ample, excellent in quality, and reasonable in price. On the Canadian side is the Clifton House, open from May ist to November ist. On the American side the International and Cataract are open from May to about the first of November, while the Kaltenbach, the Prospect House and other hotels are open the year round. A visit to the Cave of the Winds, with guide and dress, costs a dollar, and the sim- ilar trip under the Horseshoe Falls, on the Canada side, fifty cents; the round trip on the inclined railway costs ten cents, and upon the Maid of the Mist, fifty cents. The toll over the new Suspension Foot and Carriage Bridge is ten cents in one direction, or fifteen cents for the round trip. The rate for vehicles is regulated by the number of pas- sengers. The hack fares at Niagara Falls are regulated by law and are very reasonable, while vans make the tour of the entire State Reser- vation, with the privilege of stopping off at any point of interest, for twenty-five cents. Besides the Lewiston Branch of the New York Central, an electric railway on either iiipumil* side of Ihe river affords splen- did opportunities to see the river, including the rapids, the falls, the whirlpool, and tile gorge in detail and to the best advan- tage. That on the Can- ada side runs from Chippawa, on the Niagara Division of the Michigan Central, through the Queen Victoria Park, past the Horseshoe Fall and along the brini' of the gorge, by tn whirlpool, to Brock's Monument ot Queenston Heights where the slop- is descended to the steamer dock at Queenston. The line is 13}^ miles long, and the rate from Chippawa to Queenston forty cents, or seventy-five cents for the round trip. On the American side the cars start froi the Soldiers' Monument at the foot of Falls Street and gradually descend the gorge just tn i e of Ihe river affords splen- opportunities to see the iver, including the rapids, the falls, the whirlpool, and the gorge in detail i' and to the best advan- l tage. That on the Can- ^ ada side runs from rChippawa, on the Niagara Division of the Michigan Central, through the Queen Victoria Park, past the Horseshoe Fall y and along the brini' of the gorge, by tn ) Brock's Monument oi 5 where the slop" is amer dock at Queenston. :s long, and the rate from lenston forty cents, or >r the round trip, side the cars start frot lent at the foot of Falls descend the gorge just '' .; above the Cantaliver Bridge. From this point to Lewiston the river banK. is closely followed but a few feet above .he water, passing directly by the Whirlpool Rapids, the Whirlpool itself, and the long succession of the lower rapids, emerging from the gorge opposite Queenston Heights. The fare one way is thirty cents (less than was formerly charged to descend to the Whirl- pool Rapids alone), or sixty cents for the round trip. The fare by the Lewiston Branch of the New York Central is thirty- two cents one way and sixty cents for the round trij^ xepting from June ist to Sep- tember 30th, when the one way rate is twenty cents, and for tlie round trip twenty- five cents. ni 'i MAP OF NIAGARA PALLS AND VICINITY 8H0WIMQ LINES OF THE JVUCBIOMrENT RA L " ne magara Fallt BouW' *-u.. tfC'O/^ I PRINCIPAL HOTELS AT NIAGARA FALLS.b f LOCATION, PER o*r. Clifton Housk, OnCanadaSide,$4.oo&up International, Falls aiul Main, 1.00-5.00 Prospect House, Second&Union,voo-4.