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 • rtiti-i- ;.i1»!' 
 
E 
 
THE HIGH SCHOOL 
 
 ENGLISH WORDBOOK: 
 
 A MANUAL OF 
 
 ORTHOEPY, SYNONYMY, AND DERIVATION. 
 
 JAMES W. CONNOR, B.A. 
 
 AND 
 
 G. MERCER ADAM. 
 
 ^ttthomcb is the ^bucatiott department of (Dntario. 
 
 TORONTO : 
 THE COPP, CLARK COMPANY, LIMITED, 
 
 9 FRONT STD1?I?T wpoq^ 
 
 1887. 
 

 T- 
 
 Entere,. aec-ordir^^to Act of the Purlian.ent of Canada, in the year one thousa.ul eijrht 
 hmulred and cighty-seven. hy T.iK Co.p. C.a.k Compaxv. L,m,tku. Toronto 
 Ontario, in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 ■if 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The design of this work, which is largely a compilation, is to 
 furnish the pupil with material to enable him to extend his vocabu- 
 lary, to appreciate the nice distinctions in the use of words, and to 
 acquire some degree of proficiency in the correct spelling, syllabi- 
 cation, pronunciation, and general use of his mother-tongue. 
 
 (I) The section on Orthoepy, which is preceded by a series of 
 explanatory rules for the class-room, gives the pronunciation, 
 according to the best and most accepted authorities, of som^ four 
 thousand words in more or less general use. The orthoepical 
 notation followed is that of Stormonth, which, it is believed, will be 
 found at once simple and effective. The same authority's pro- 
 nunciation has also, in the main, been adopted, as that which has 
 not only the approval of the Department of Education for Ontario, 
 but is sanctioned by the present usage of cultivated society. The 
 compilers, however, have not slavishly followed Stormonth, pre- 
 ferring, in disputed cases, to give the alternative pronunciation 
 where such is allowed by good and competent authority. Where 
 they have differed from Stormonth, their preference, it is proper to 
 state, has been given to English rather than to American lexicog- 
 raphers: in all cases they have striven to avoid pedantry on the one 
 hand and undue license on the other. They have also eschewed 
 all orthographical innovations, save such as have the sanction of 
 recognized English authority. In the list of words apt to be mis- 
 pronounced will be found a few proper names and the most com- 
 monly used Latin and French words and phrases. 
 
 (2) In the section on Synonomy, the compilers have en- 
 deavoured to supply a much-needed manual of English Synonyms 
 and Antonyms, such as would be useful in the schools in enabling 
 the pupil to acquire a knowledge of the most commonly used 
 synonymous words in the English language, with illustrations of 
 their usage, and some idea of their various shades of meaning 
 The importance of this secti v in supplying an aid in the cultiva- 
 tion of correctness and precision in English composition and in 
 --r«r x.r^,.j-xis.y 3pcci.n, will nardiy oe questioned. 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 "English Synon, Jl,;Ln:, f;-;,f .f-^^ who.e wo* „„ 
 Hons and much tha, is „„„ 'h. i, "'" P™">' '"''■=<■- 
 
 illustration. They are ako .n t ' " ^ ^rea- storehouse of 
 Whately, and parti'Xyt A^dTa ™ cIT- T ""-"■^""P 
 " Syno„yn.s Discriminated » (London r ''^ ^"''' '"•'' ' "^ose 
 
 compilers would earnestly recommend'to^h''^'" * '""''• '"^ 
 fession. For many ol ihr^fi "" attention of the pro- 
 
 department of the^'work .helTh " '"" "'"^'^^"°- '" '"- 
 addition to StormontI, and the ' rnn^ "7 ^^ obligations, i„ 
 Encyclopedic Dictiona^" ( LonZ r ""fr"'" '" " ^"e 
 jeachers and trustees shou.i see find' "J' ' "<>* »hich 
 library. """^ ^ P'ace in every school 
 
 (3) Section three is devotpH fo r^t,., 
 FORMATIONS. In this sectionlh. ^"^^^^^^^^^ ^nd Word- 
 
 theonly scientific a^d the tost tbo'^^^^^ "'^'°'^ ^^ °"^^ 
 ;owed It is surely time^hT t t ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^-,^- bol- 
 
 lock upon the correspondence of Anl f^'^'"°'°^>^ '^^^^^ "ot 
 Greek words as anything stran<^e n ^ ""^ ""''^ L^^'" ^nd 
 
 identity of these lanU^ cant L^eZr t ^'' '''''''' 
 panson. leaiizea only by constant com- 
 
 The materi.-! for this section has, in the ma-n h. ■ u 
 from or tested by Skeaf s " Etvm^i , T ■"'"''" 'Irawn 
 
 instances the compikl have ven.rldrt'"""^'^'' '" '' «=» 
 of this eminent aufhori y chlflv whl '° '^"^^"' f™™ <hedecisions 
 
 dently sound conclusio^'of ecem Gela^'hT,'''" ^"^ *^ -- 
 has been said, Professor Skeat in tZ P'"J<"°S'^'^- But, as 
 and .0 English master cafaff:;;.ot Zltl '''I '"T^"'' 
 trusts for derivation ,0 the dictionaries^n „ I *^ "'"'"^'^ 
 
 on a broken reed. For some valuawri, . "'*''>' "'' "'" '^^" 
 authors are indebted to "mcP? "'."'^ °" arrangement the 
 "Essential Lessons in Engl sh &vmor .f '!"™' '"* ™"<. 
 find it profitable to consul. I, sh'uM^'' """"'' "^'^''' ■"'" 
 " English Word-Book" "he .ng o-sil "f "° ''""°«^ ""« '" «" 
 is taken as the starting-poilt f^f:/ c^^atr.' "' '"^ '^"^''^^ 
 
 Toronto, August, 1887. 
 
 The Authors. 
 
THE 
 
 HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK 
 
 I.— ORTHOEPY. 
 
 1. Orthoepy, literally, "right speakini?," depends mainly 
 upon correctness m articulation, or the uttering of the sounds 
 that make up words, and in accent, or the laying special stress 
 upon a particular syllable. 
 
 I.— SOUNDS AND LETTERS. 
 
 2. To practise articulation intelligently, we should know 
 something of the means by which speech is produced. We all 
 know that the lungs act much like a pair of bellows, forcincr 
 the breath up through the wind-pipe. Now at the upper end 
 
 ,1*. ^^?<^-Pipe is a kind of box, the larynx, commonly 
 called "Adams apple," which contains two cavities. These 
 are separated by a pair of membranes, which in speakin^r can 
 be tightened so as to leave only a narrow slit between them 
 When this happens, the breath as it passes up sets these mem^ 
 branes, the vocal chords, as they are called, vibrating like the 
 strmgs of a harp, being itself made sonorous, and, if the tight- 
 enmg lasts long enough, distinctly mupical. The breath thug 
 made sonorous is called " voice." 
 
 3. After leaving the larynx, the breach (or the voice) passes 
 through the pharynx, a continuation upwards of the cesopha.rus 
 or gullet, behind the mouth and the nose. The pharynx i^ 
 swelled out by the breath, when checked for a mom( nt, and 
 gives force to the bursting forth of the breath that follows, 
 producing the sound. 
 
 •^Innl^^'^Jf/l 'i" rfS''!} '««i by putting hi. flnjjer on his " Adam's apple " whllf 
 fcuadi'l p,"drt,'»i'eto. "' '^ '""'"''' ^'"'^^ cousoBanis, wLere.ia is is notieltii,; 
 ' 2 ' ' 
 
* THE „,«„ SCHOOL ENOLISH WOKU.«OOK. 
 
 omI!'^ atwtl t XVrri "J "■"""» "f «- vocal 
 f/ "voice," or BOnZoTll^'':^f' rf''<^ ""= '«1''<»^ 
 J-y the various shapes the mouth wU^"^ ''"* ""'^ '»<"«'« 
 ■■Jg to the position of the toTue and L""*" """ *"^'''' '"^"'- 
 f, eA, oh. ee, which are callTZ^V^T"" ™.* """■"'^^ >« 
 sounds. " vowels. Ihcse are true musical 
 
 5. Either " breath " or " voW " ~, u 
 'ow passages formed by br Lin? * **"*®^ """"S'' nar- 
 (tongue, teeth, li,« &c.) „ear SoH '" '^^ "^ tl'- mouth 
 Bounds as s. sh, th (o/ S T^aU or'm^'.t *° f '^''«'=« ™<-* 
 
 *^e^»'^;ctt^^t^r;et^^,urT--«~ 
 a;:r:;srsrs ait fff i f »^« 
 
 appropriately called "sto^s" "8^,7;" a„5?' '^' ""' "hich are 
 ■n»te up the consonants, so called he-" -1 P"""**" '"g^tker 
 »upposed that they <in te ^^W.^ ?' '*■ 7"' •""=« «'«"gly 
 sounds made by th^e voice':::!;:tfet:d 'fn ^ l^' ' «• ^' 
 
 that indicate "stops" These are b T^^ ""'' '^"' ^^o^ 
 and therefore said to be " volSd » „^i n' f w"""" *'^ " ™ioe » 
 and therefore called " voicelet- or bf som^' ff'T'' ""^ ••"««• 
 
 8. These are formed hv tj,^ j j , ' "''""pera." 
 
 o.- breath ; b and p X* \* ^ t" ^""'^'"'S f"''' of ™ic6- 
 
 Hps; d and t, «fte?'aX;lgt"bX 'X.^' '"^^^^ 
 the hard palate ; g and k aft»,. . . ' "^ ""« tongue and 
 tongue raised m !s o fo'ul the sl?'^?^ ""^ «»t of the 
 therefore called '««»&, or Tip L„nds • '^''^ P "'«' P a™ 
 
 Hked5'::-Ztl^^^^^^^^^ '?.-. i. sounded 
 
 » so m this book when words am ,i, J ■>' '""' '^"l always 
 ing voiceless group (real^ i-sh is uT ^'"^ "o-espoS 
 
 Further, ti befnm . , — „i .-.,"' '* "dually represented i.,. ^vT 
 
 -"""""«"" 'he sound usually indi-;,";^ 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 3 
 
 ' ^a' ^' ^i! ^''^ f^^ digraph ng, are used to indicate the sounds 
 produced when, the organs being in the positions forb!d and 
 g respectively the breath is allowed to pass through the nose 
 They are therefore called nasals (- nose-sounds.") 
 
 11. P, and V represent the voiceless and the voiced spirant 
 sounded by forcing the breath between the upper teeth ami 
 the under hp. The sound of f, and (in nephei'and Stephen, 
 of V, are sometimes re]>resented by nh H a>, « iLT^ ^ 
 stands for the aspirate, o^r sound prol^ed by^l'etTini'&rh 
 pass forth unchecked. Sometimes h is ''silent," i. I represTnte 
 no sound whatever, as in heh; honor, hour, W^^S^d 
 always after r, as in rhetoric. "''yjno, ana 
 
 ] ^'u\Z^ i^*''® ^^^''' represents the union of the two sounds d 
 and Zh, the latter representing the sound of z, in aC L 
 stands for the sound made by placing the tin of till 
 ^^ainst the palate and letting th'e !' vXe W^/r t S d 
 the tongue. It is commonly " silent " before f, y, k, m ^in 
 calf, salve, chalk, palm (kaf, s4v, chawk, pam) ""'^^^^ '"^ 
 
 vowel S nor'pif ^^"^ '*'""'*?' according -as it stands before a 
 vowel or not. Before a vowel it is said to be "trilled" thn 
 breath being forced over the upturned tip of the ton ^ue so as to 
 produce a httle shaking. W. .en not before a vowel" t is r^lW 
 an imperfect vowel or " glio often affectin<r thrs;,„nd Till 
 preceding vowel. Thus a, and O, have other^^ou^dTrit Id 
 /ore than m/ame and /oam. "'usm/airand 
 
 U. S properly represents the hiss caused by the breath rub 
 bmg against the surface of the tongue, as in the wordS ul 
 used however, also to represent the sound propcX denoted bv 
 Sh, .. that formed by the breath rubbing alXt^rJ^esanS 
 tip of the tongue. Z, properly n.arks th? voiced spira^tCre^ 
 ponding to s ; but s, often represents this sound aKL asln 
 pleamre, the voiced spirant corresponding to sk Stin.es 
 marked by z, but in our re-spelling always zh. '^"'^^''''^^ 
 
 f wJi W marks the sound produced by squeezing the voice be 
 
* ^^ ■"«" «««<'0'- ^NOl.SH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 wet and ye<. ^' "'*" "P'^'y. w''«n we get the Bounds 
 
 of the (ongue, itelip 4ing plall^X "«»*'«* tje edges 
 voj«,dfo™ wiU in'ie.pellLn^SSd b^r^'""" ^' 
 
 either the back or the front K«t """"'^^ **^''- ^"^ «« 
 toke a low, a high o^ a middl ®".-' "^ '"'"' »' »"<*' e-" 
 different sound, and as Ll!^,! ^f ^T' «»«'' Producing a 
 position may bi rounded or ™«M^ ""'"^ '" *'"''' '""•'"'1 
 of these soinds, "he SmwTlZ'S' "" *" T"<"'J' ""y »« 
 represented by these^fi""^,!!,! f^'"^ vowel-sounds to be 
 
 have at least L toUot^^XZIVo.^T '" ^"S""' - 
 A .. in au are sounded with the b«lc of th, tongue low 
 
 U II 11 1IB ° 
 
 H II US 
 
 *A 11 II an 
 
 E II II cU 
 
 A 
 
 •I 
 
 E i» II eel 
 
 E II II err 
 
 II II ale 
 M It ill 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 •I 
 
 II 
 
 front 
 
 meilium-high. 
 low. 
 
 medium-high, 
 high, 
 both back and front low. 
 
 «r 
 
 II 
 
 And with the lips rounded ; 
 
 *0 as in on ) 
 AW „ „ awe \ ^^^^^^d^d with the back of the tongue low 
 ^ O » u go „ 
 
 yJU II II good I 
 
 O II II move I " 
 
 II 
 
 medium-high, 
 high. 
 
 __19^Bosides U^s^ero^ tl^son^^^ of ay (yes) and of oy, 
 
 ll ' ' 
 
 Of ;?^o.tl*rnh'a?K^^^ vowels formed with the'^iiiii^^p^^,;^- 
 
 paiidoii, or (as Sweet thi.iks) the Sue nA^^^^^' **>« f^^'y^^ behTg ,Ke ex 
 In either wise the vowel sounds of an v^«„ beuijf so much arched alonjr Uu n *ia 
 ately called " wide vower'- To t&e •S^Tm'*''" "'«*' «"<* «"•. a e^a .nrSr!: 
 dii|er«« to its nature, some ttlnlhiTldenlSwfi^^^ «*• »*"' ortUoplS 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 and OW, Jn hoy and cow. These are clearly compounds,* their 
 first elements being res[)ectively a, aw, t, and their second 
 sounds somewhat like those of ee and OO. These latter 
 sounds are however not true vowels, the mouth in soundin^r 
 them not having a fixed shape but passing quickly from one 
 position to another. They may therefore, like the r not before 
 a vowel, be called "glides." 
 
 20. Ay, oy, and ow, are called diphthongs. The sound ay 
 is so often rer onted by i, that we shall follow the general 
 usage and repy ^nt it by i. We shall also use the sign u to 
 indicate the_sound of you ; but it must be remembered that 
 both i and u are used to indicate compound sounds. 
 
 21. These vowel sounds are in this book denoted as follows : 
 & represents the sound of a in ah, are, alms. 
 
 a 
 & 
 
 6 
 
 I 
 
 aw 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 06 
 
 fi 
 
 i 
 
 oy 
 
 ow 
 
 a 
 
 ti 
 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 
 M 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 
 II 
 II 
 
 It 
 tl 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 •I 
 11 
 II 
 11 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 
 II an, at. 
 
 II fame, pain, 
 
 e II end, ell. 
 
 II err, her. 
 
 II me, eel. 
 
 ill, it. 
 all, awe. 
 not. 
 
 go- 
 do. 
 
 good. 
 
 us. 
 
 1 II 
 a M 
 
 O II 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 GO II 
 U II 
 
 the diphthong heard in I, high, ay, 
 II in boy, oil. 
 
 II II cow, out. 
 
 sound of y-u n unit, you. 
 
 So that a, e, I, 5, u, indicate the name-Bounds of these letters ; 
 a, S, I, 6, tt what are commonly called their short sounds ; & tlie 
 sound of ah ; 6 the last sound of do. 
 
 When words are re-spelled, the digraphs sh, zh, th, th, 
 will invariably indicate the sound heard in she, az-ure, thin, the. 
 S will never be used to indicate any sound but that of s in see 
 nor ch any but that of ch in each. 
 
 • We see thta by prolonging them, ay and oy giving rise to the sonnd ee-ee. and 
 aw, to the sound oo-oo. ' 
 
6 
 
 TUK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD- 
 
 BOOK. 
 
 II. 
 
 -EXERCISES ON ARTICULATION. 
 1— a as in ah. 
 
 should be jealoMlTweser^d JL -.'''"^''''S^i ""'' *''^'*''°'-<> 
 the following wordrZ^!,! ".?'"*»• I- Pronouncing 
 
 ™o„Jh, and"a.e7otdt;, Xt%tttd'* 'X 1°" V" 'i"! 
 
 p{ (parr<ro't^^';r'""' '""^' "™ ^^^^'' 
 
 laugh, (not laff), launch, draught ' 
 are, arm, art, mart, far, 
 
 Ch Cl!' T*' ?^'*' '^'P' ^"«* r^«P), 
 bath, lath, aft, raft, waft. 
 
 ^^^^«/^^ ^« /^ y^^^^ syllable. 
 laundry, malmsey, (mftm'ze), bravo Bi>ahmin 
 master, pastor, drama, rather ^'^^^^^, 
 
 raspb. vry (r^s'-bgr I), man-sard, (mSn'-sftrd ) 
 rhuba. u, (r6.barb), pariah, (p^-'rU) FahrenLit (f^rn'-hlt) 
 
 Accented on the second syllable 
 mu^^(m.r-»zh') p^ve., pi.„o, paoha, ('pa^h,.,, r««l„,, 
 
 Accented on the third syllable. 
 panomma, boulevard. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 1. In wordsendinjrin -awZ apppnf^/1 «« i^i a , 
 speakers now give the a ^le sound I ThisT f "?^"3^.^««d 
 ground. sounaa. ihis practice is gaining 
 
 2 There is a class of monoavllables ending in n fF o«. 
 -ast, -ask, -asp, with a few in -an 'A «ni "fS '^^' '^^^ 
 nrnny good apeafors give the Zntoif ^^staTSt "^.^^ 
 others g ve that of a .,« ./^^ ' '/v 5" , ' f , -^ •*^'^'^/'' ' ^^^i^e 
 
 "e» '^'" "''^i "I a mweiy by the 
 
 J' I 
 
ORTHOEPY. y 
 
 12 VLt',^''^^ ^^^^ '^^^ ^ *^" l^«^*^«" i* has in sound- 
 
 , ■?!• ^;~^- Pfonounce clerk, hearth, sergeant, kl&rk hArth 
 84r'-j6nt ; not clerk, berth, serjent. ' ' 
 
 2. In ar, followed by any consonant but r, or ending a word 
 accented on the last syllable, a has the souid of a a? in7/^ 
 
 W, oi qu, a 18 sounded aw, or 0. as in water, quart. Al 
 
 2.~a, as in an. 
 
 23. In pronouncing many of the following words the sound 
 ot a, as m ale, must be specially guarded against. 
 
 Accented on the first syllable. 
 Bade catch, {not ketch), sate (past of sit), acrid, arid, arrant 
 ohahce (Is) davits, glSmOur, manor, navvy, pageant (paS 
 parol*, pastern, pastil, pastime, paten, phJ;nx,"raven(v) ra- 
 venous, ravm, satyr (safer), ba^s relief (bas'-re-lef), fratr ildo 
 (-8.d) matricide marigold, pacify, sacrament, sacrifice (-? s) 
 sacerdotal, sanable, sanitary (-en), tapestry (tap'-Ss-trl.) 
 
 Accented on the second syllable. 
 c£bS,I, cuirass (kwI-rSs') 
 
 gulfed :il;l:r:i«' ^"^ ^"""'' "' ^-^ <"• ° »»' >« «p«-i'y 
 
 Accented on the second syllable. 
 alternate (ai'-ter-nate), canal, quadrille (kadrll' or quadrll') • 
 12 also in al'-ter ca'-tion, defalca'-tion, accented on third syl' 
 
 3.— a, as in ale. 
 
 u-.l*' ^If ^^^^""^^ P^*'*' ^^^h®' swathe, steak, azure Ta'-zhoor^ 
 bathos, blatant, <,aliph (ca'-lif) calyx, chastek (chas'n) dado 
 da^, maelstrom (mal'-strom), naked, pasty, nation (na'-shan]; 
 
8 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 ^^)^'i^:^^:^^ heinous, 
 
 Cpha'-e-ton), plagiarise Sfi M '^ {^^fi' ''^r>ery, phaeton 
 (sa-shS-at), aviary. ^P^* -J^^-iz), salient (sa'-ll-gnt), satiate 
 
 ^<:':ented on the second svllablP 
 
 decade, ,„ad«e. tr"^^ ^■^"*^- 
 
 pathos, matron, patroness, VtegtrpaJofo'V 'T"*' 
 Note Before r 5 lit ^ , pawiot, patriotic. 
 
 ha» a somewhat more jpe^tTuVd 11;^''' ^ ""^" '»'' 
 nunciation of such words as 'PP"*"^ •" "'« P-^ 
 
 chat ^-ilh^^^S, :j'h':;l»^^ ta-l-^ }y *« da„, «.ret, 
 aerolite .^rOlrt,, aoroUt t^Z^U^X ^. """"'"' 
 
 OK p , ^» Q-s in err. 
 
 firm, get' ^,^t8i:t'2'rthrr;tSf*' «??' «^^''' '-■ 
 «>i;ge, squirm, sqiiirt, verJ irksomeTt^;."'^'"''* (""^J- ""arch 
 shrmish, sterii^ oourteL/feT^^iCAS::^ ^ 
 
 beft'SL'-r.^"*^ '^"''"- -'-^ e. ea, i, or y, stands 
 
 N. R— O and u before untrilled r «n^ ; 
 bles, other vowels sometimes ha vo a so^,n.^^ '"^ "naccented sylla- 
 U m gun, as work, burden surcTe ^lir '^'"^^^^^ like that of 
 Thft ^ ; * ; T ^ ' ^®P^y*'' martyr, sojourn 
 liie -e IS true of birch, bird, dirt, fir first firfh .• 
 
 tif a special symbol were reauir«wth k . ^-^'ssays 
 
 tBut rem.. "•^"""* *^« "^^^ -ould be fi, .. ... Continent., e. 
 
 I 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 9 
 
 *.— e, as in ell. 
 
 26 Clench, deaf, get, said, says, (sSz), steppe(stgp). 
 (Do not say def, git.) 
 
 Accented on the Jirst syllable. 
 any, many bury, clem'ent, decade (d6k'-ad), febrile (-11) 
 febrifuge (-ri.fuj) fecund, gerund, legate (-at) legend, messietu^ 
 (mSsyerz) petal, prelate, prelude, Rhenish, shekel, sterile U\) 
 tepid zealot, zealous (-tis), zephyr, bestial, desuetude (dSs'wg- 
 tud), desultory, (dgsGlterl) derelict, egotism, equable, equerry 
 legislature, nepotism, prebendary (-eri), sesame (sSs'-a-me) 
 engine. ^ '' 
 
 Accented on the second syllable. 
 again (no« S-gan), against, burlesque (ber-lesk) depot (dg-no') 
 
 ^t^fTX A °^ ^■^'^^' grotesque (-esk), indelible lieuteAant 
 (iSf-tSn- ant), polemic, strategic (strS-t^j'-Ik). 
 
 In unaccented syllables. 
 pSnalt', Sconom'ical, ecumenical, eleemosynary (51'6-moz'-In 
 erI), Equivocal, Squlv'ocate, malefactor. -^ -^ ^ 
 
 K 1\^~7^^''''^ the sound of I for S in final syllables as instid 
 bedstid, for imtead, bedstead, also of -mttnt for -ment as element. 
 
 6.— e, as in me, eel. 
 
 27. Beard (noj bard), bleat, he^n {not bin, nor ben), bleat, 
 creek, {not cnck) frieze m inot lev), quay (ke), seine sheik 
 weir, clique, (klek, not khck), pique, Sikh (sek) suite (swet) 
 
 Accented on the first syllable. 
 (Avoid the sound of S in met for the accented syllable ) 
 demon, eape (eger) epoch (e'-pOk). leisure, (le'-zhoor) 
 lever, piquant (pe-k&nt), seamstress, secant, senile (se'-nll) 
 sequgl, seton, treacle (tre-kl), venotis, weregil'd (wergild) were' 
 wolf, clerestory (kler'storl) de-vi-ous, equinox, feasible r&zIblV 
 lenient phoenix, predl 51, pres-cience, pre-shl-ens,) requl-em 
 ve-ni^J, haematite (he'-mft-tlt), hut hemorrhage (h6m'-or-raj). ' 
 
 Accented on the second syllable. 
 brevier, chagrin (shS-gren'), critique Ckrl-tek'i. nni^j^e 
 (kwi-zen'), iatigue, oblique, pgiisse, tureen, unique, valise r-les') 
 aUegro, amenable, beleaguer, diaeresis, Hellenic, hyaena, pj«emV' 
 
\ 
 
 'I 
 
 ill' 
 
 r : I 
 
 I' I'M 
 
 Mi 
 
 ! I 
 
 10 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 sac: 
 
 mandarin ^'^'""'f'' """" ""rd syllable. 
 X. X. ^^ unaccented syllables 
 
 »„ „,. ■^^-f. as in ill. 
 
 28. Gl,„p,e (g,i„p3), gi^p^^ ,,„^ ^_^_^^^_ ^.^^^ ^^^^^ 
 Accented on the first svllahl 
 
 women (wrm-en) dvnft»f^j '?•"*' *y"P' tribune, vicar 
 (Ht'-er-S-lare) ffikto'/fcrmt', """*?T^"'' "*-''!^™ 
 mmotaur, mystSr-y, v.r»kni(47^„™J^tt) "^ ""'"""'■^' 
 
 k J- „ Accented on the second syllable 
 bedizen (bSdlzn), idyllic I drl' rt^ T r™ 
 In&l), ^' ''^'''*' ^^-^" -It) m-im-i-cal, officinal (fiffis'. 
 
 iillror • . ^^ ^^^^'■^nted syllables. 
 
 but bargain (4 ""° "*■*•">' ""toin (ker'-tin), 
 
 ^I— aw, as in aU, awe 
 
 bought, b.„,bt,a.i.(ryrawa S)' ""^'■'' 
 
 ^^^^:ir„>'^«>re7;: '-"- '^-- ^°™ (- - 
 
 But stanch (st.ansh)^ 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 11 
 
 Accented on the second syllable, 
 aaom, because (b6-kawz', not be-kiiz'), forlorn. 
 The sound aw is simple though represented by a. digraph. 
 
 VIII. — 6, as in on. 
 
 r Cost, gorge, loll, shone {rmt shon), troth, was, chaps 
 
 Doric, Georgics (J«r-jlks), gorgeous, horrid, hostage, laurel 
 ordeal, sorry, sort, nominative, carol, orthoepy (Or-tllo'-g p!) 
 It IS affected to say " Gawd " for God. 
 
 In the following avoid the sound of b in old 
 foreliead, (for' 6d) forty, fortnight, holocaust, homa-e jocund 
 
 cerer, solecism, portent (pOr'-tSnt), portend (pOr-tgJid'). 
 In the following avoid the sound of u. 
 bomb, comrade, donkey, grovel (grOv'-l), hovel (hOv-Sl), hover 
 sovereign (s5v'-gr-In), yonder. parasCl, ballot, sermon, baron 
 
 31. The sound of o before f, th, or s in the same syllable 
 and in -ough (-«f), though generally denoted by 5, is b^ any 
 good speakers pronounced somewhat, though not quite, like 
 •aw, as in h'oth, soft, cross, cough. ^ ' 
 
 IX.— 6, as in go. 
 
 32 Brooch goal (wo« gool), groat, gro.ss, scroll, sloth volk 
 
 yok) bowspnt (bowsprit), homely, ogle (ogl), ogr; (o^er) on v 
 
 {not iinly), onyx, phonic, tophet, trophy. " ^' ^ ^ ^''°^''' ^"^^ 
 
 ^ joterie(-rl), potable, vocable, nomenclature, Bowie knife 
 
 Accented on the second syllable, 
 opponent, patrol, provocative, revolt. 
 
 In unaccented syllables. 
 
 t.,^"''!i_^™'f ./'">'■'■»)' g"""-" -'O'-), hollow, obev. o,„i 
 
 Sr^ thM;3«u{d, tnorough (tliur 6i, in'-dd l6nt 
 
 JS.B.— Zo-5l'-0-gy (wo<zoo-0lo-gy). ' . 
 
12 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 llfl 
 
 I ! 
 
 33. Some good orthoepists assert that 5 in the above words 
 is really a diphthong, ending in the glide answering to W. 
 This, however, is disputed. All agree that the pure O-sound is 
 heard before r, as in ore, oral, Porte, pour, forge, corps (kOr), 
 horde, original, oriental, deportment, torn (but shOm). 
 
 Oral is often incorrectly pronounced Oral. 
 
 X.— 6, as in move. 
 
 34. Booth, food, room, pool, too, halloo, (ha-ld'), tattoo 
 
 (t5-t6'). 
 
 So generally oo in monosyllables, except in good, hood, stood, wood, 
 soot, and before k as in book. 
 
 bourn (b6rn, not bOrn), brougham (br6am), ghoul (gdl), 
 gourd, route (not rowt), tour (not towr), tournament, caout- 
 chouc (kd'-chOOk), gourmand, amour (a-mdr'), manoeuvre (ma- 
 nd'-vr), recoup (-kCp'), surtout (ser-td'), ormolu (ttr'-mttl-6). 
 
 blue, clew, flew, flue, Jew, juice, jujube (j6'-j55b), brew, 
 bruit, crew, rudd, ruse, rheum, sew-age, *sewer (sd-er), sure, 
 suzerain (sd' zS-ran), slew, accoutre, allude (-16d'), allure (-16r), 
 recruit (rS-krdf). 
 
 In unaccented syllables. 
 
 bouquet (b6'-kay, not b6'-kay), croupier (kr6-per'.) 
 
 35. After r, 1, ch, j, and the sound of sh, in the same 
 syllable, long U is without the y-sound that generally precedes 
 it; as lucid, glue, (gl6, not glu,) rue, rheumatic (rd). But 
 after 1, some good speakers give a faint sound of y before u. 
 
 XI.— OO, as in book. 
 
 36. Bull, bush, could, full, pull, put, soot (not siit), bosom 
 (boo'-ziim), bullion, bulwark, courier (not cttrrier), cushion, 
 pulpit (wo< ptLlpit), pudding, bivouac (blv'-OOak), courant 
 (koo-rSnt'), guano, (goo-A'-nO or gwA-.) 
 
 This is really a simple sound, though often represented by 
 the digraphs OO, OU. 
 
 XII.— ii, as in gun. 
 
 37. Combat, comely (kttm'-ll), compass, covenant, covey 
 (kuv-I), doth, does (dttz), dromedary (drum'-eder-i), luscious 
 
 ' * Sewer, a taster at a royiJ court, is pronounced su-er. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 13 
 
 (luyh'-iis), monetary (nitin'-S ter-I), mon^'iol (mttng'-grSI), mon- 
 key, none, nothing (nuthing, not nothing), nuptials, somer- 
 saulfc, supple, also -monger (as in scandal-monger), diacom'fit. 
 
 In unaccented syllables. 
 
 bombast (btlm-bast'), bombazin (btim-ba-zgn'), column . kOl'- 
 ttm, not kOl-ytlm or -yum). 
 
 XIII.— i, as in fine. 
 
 38 Ay or aye ( = yes), bayou (bi-d), height (hit, not hith), 
 geyser (gi'-zer). 
 
 bicycle (bi'-slk-l), bison (bi'-zttn), cynosure (sI'-nO-zhoo ), 
 idol, idyll (I'-dll), isolate, litotes (li'-tO-tez), *lived (in low-lived, 
 etc.), nihilist {not nihilist), scion (si-On), sinecure (si'-nS-kur), 
 siphon, si'-phuncle, siren, tryst, violent (vi'-6-lSnt, not voy-ltint). 
 
 Accented on the second syllable. 
 
 albino, annihilate, canine, demise( -ralz'), environ, opine, 
 declivous (but dS-clIv'-I-ty), ver(a'-go. 
 
 bronchitis (so other medical terms in -itis, as meningitis). 
 
 Accented on the third syllable. 
 elegiac (81-8-jl'ak), matutinal (mat-u-tl'-nal). 
 
 In unaccented syllables. 
 
 alibi, andirons (and'-Irnz), encycloi)sedia (Sn-si-), licentiate, 
 sacrifice (s&k'-rl-fis), satire (s3.t'-ir). 
 
 The sound i is really a diphthong. 
 
 XrV.— oy, as in boy. 
 
 39. Avoid the sound of i. 
 
 Boil, goitre (goyt'-r), hoist, hoyden, quoit (not kwat), 
 quoin (koyn), dacoit (d&k'-oyt), oboe (5'-boy). 
 
 Accented on the second syllable. 
 adroit, employ'-ee, turquoise (ter-kCyz' or -kwoyz'), avoirdu- 
 
 T\/>1C3 I X.'BTrf^w* '111 ■*\f^-%-m\ 
 
 ^J9.fi \&ry-\ji. -\x\X~\t\jj £i J, 
 
 • Here lived is from life, not from live^ 
 
14 
 
 THK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 \l ! 
 
 I! 
 
 iiii! 
 
 40. N.B. — oi has the sound of wa"w ■'» i.if^Ju r^xi-' 
 memoir, soir'ee (swaw'-ra), escnw"^^ s'ltwaw^r^'-^t 
 connoiseur is sounded kOn-nls-ser. ^" ^ 
 
 XV.— ow, as in owl. 
 
 41. Browse, blowze, maour Howr or £rp n«r..'\ „^«, * i 
 carouse, MacLeod (ma-klowd)^ ^ ^' ^'''''^'' P*^""*^' 
 
 ftoc 8tic«. (,Uow'-8tIks), but often pronounced a-kd' 8tllr« 
 even 0/ orr »Fated sjMiakei-s. «iJtO-8tIks, 
 
 XVI— u, as in tune. 
 
 •'nyuter,"not"dociy,""nooter. ". ™yin„ ayuty, 
 
 Besiity, Imhl (bal), ournle ku'iool), culinai-v rit,r kn ^ .> 
 d.w ,„, duty, gnu (nu). „a., nu ^[.cr^ecul ariSt 
 (,m ,.U,.;, puisne (pu'-niS). queue (ku), sue U suii, ?a£ 
 
 Accented on the second syllable 
 astute, consume, presume (prS-zum'), denude, pursuit. 
 JN.J3.— Pharmaceutical is pronounced far'-ma-su'-tl-k51. 
 In unaccented syllables 
 
 tu.Ttlif ' ^""^".^«T' ««l»ble, salutary (but salute, -Idt) man 
 tua (-tu), municipal, occupy, petulant, ^culate. ^' 
 
 43. After a short syllable, unaccented u. even after t. *t,^ i 
 times has the sound yu, as in erudite, etc. "^"^ ^' **''"«- 
 
 XVII.— Unaccented Vowels. 
 
 44. The best rule that can be given for the nrnn„« • *• 
 vowels in unaccented syllables is%o XtllT^^'TZ^ 
 like theu- sounds m accented syllables aa we can wiS>™f !^ ^ 
 
 pr^d-^feron/'-^^ "-- '"-• ^-P'^-w/S 
 
 coir :t'^th'eit':;^aarwr''"' ^'"''-^>' "^- » 
 
 XVIII. -Endings. 
 
 45 -a,ije. -».Ha -noro of^ s«.« . n , 
 
 ^^^ a • r' ■ .'"s^* -^«*'^ civc, guiieraily have tho Rmin^ 
 
 of 4 m ale somewhat shortened, as "popuXaL, rep^. *,^ ;°b"t 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 15 
 
 But in carriage and marriage, -iage is pronounced ij. 
 
 tount n, stilJ less moun'n, foun'n. But bargain (-gn.) 
 al should retain the distinct sound of a. Thus rculir/ff 
 
 should be distinguished in pronunciation from rcllZlrl^^ 
 -ar generally has the so .id er, as vicar vlJ-'-er) so ^rJ\ 
 
 ai^^ward as stanaarcl(.era), tuck.ard (-w^. "^'u^W 
 
 el retains the sound 5, except in a few words like ^«,./ 
 (gl?snf ""^ drops the e sound, as in o/^en (Cfn), .listen 
 
 iaJ and ian are sounded -lal and i-an. 
 But social (so'-shai). 
 
 ice, ide, ile, ine, are generally sounded with i. 
 Common exceptions — 
 
 (i.) cyananide, sulphide, oxide. 
 
 (ii.) infantile, juvenile, senile, versatile, hostile, Gf^ntile 
 mercantile, reptile ; also imbecile(-8el') ' 
 
 ^'"•^ ^i^rhfn.T^!-^^*"r'>'. "^"^'^«' ^^^'^^^ leonine, 
 carbine Iibertme, chlorine, Byzantine, quinine 
 salme, divine, Capitoline, Saturnine. ^ ' 
 
 (IV.) l>«nzine marine submarine, Ghibelline, gaberdine 
 guillotine, ravine, in which ine is pronounced^? 
 ise or ize has 1. 
 
 franchise or rse, but its compounds -Ise 
 
u* 
 
 I 
 
 16 
 
 m 
 
 THK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 XIX.— Prefixes. 
 
 46. Bi, bin, Tri, except in Trinity, trimeter, trigono- 
 metry, trilogy, Tripoli, trisyllable, trivial. 
 
 De, generally, but defile, detail, deviate, devious, demarca- 
 tion. 
 
 Do, meaning to undo, as in decnmpoundj depopulate^ ia 
 sounded d.G- 
 
 The S after dO is sounded Z, except in desist and pereist. 
 Di (asunder), except in dilate, divers, and a few rare words. 
 dl, too, in unaccented syllables, except in a few rare words. 
 
 Dis is not pronounced diz, except in disaster, discern, dis- 
 ease, dismal, dissolve. 
 
 Ex before the accented syllable, beginning with a vowel or 
 h, has the sound of egZ, as in exhaust. 
 
 Excep. exhume, exuberant, exude, and a few rare words. 
 Mai, not ^' m.awl ", as maltreat (mS,l-tret'). 
 Pre before a vowel or an unaccented syllable. 
 
 Excep. preface, prelate, premiss, presage, present, preci- 
 pice, predicate, prejudice, preposition. 
 Pre before an accented syllable. 
 
 Excep. preform, precontract, prerequisite, prefigure, and 
 a few technical words. 
 
 Pro when accented, pro when unaccented, as pr5'duce and 
 pro-duce'. 
 
 Excep. procreate, prolate, prolix, programme, protest, pro- 
 tile, proletarian. 
 
 Re before a vowel, or when the word as a whole means to 
 do again what the latter part denotes ; e.g., recount, to count 
 again ; recount, to tell ; recreate^ to create anew ; ricreatef to 
 refresh. 
 
 Also in ro'flux, recoup. 
 
 Excep. rgjoin, reform, regenerate, renew, review. 
 N.B. — After rS, s represents the sound z, as in reside (r8- 
 zid'), so retiiyn (r6 zin'), to give up j resign, to sign again. 
 
 But resoai"ch, resource, resurgent, rcsriscituto, iiave tho 
 sound of S. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 17 
 
 First Elements of certain Compounds. 
 
 Bio, cLiro (kiro), palseo, phon, photo, proto, quasi, chaftno, 
 (Ifica, dSci, meso (mSzo), phllo, t6tra. 
 
 XX.— Exercise on Unaccented Syllables. 
 
 47. 1. Pronounce the following sets of words so as to distin 
 guish the vowels in their unaccented syllable : — 
 
 Bridal, bridle (bridl) ; Britain, BritOn ; cariit, carrOt ; caster, 
 castOr ; censer, censOr ; concert, consdrt ; council, counsel ; cym- 
 bal, symbol ; ferrule (f6r'-Sl), ferule(-ul) ; gamble, gambol ; idle, 
 idol, idyll ; manner, manor ; medal, meddle(-dl) ; metal, mettle 
 (-tl); missal, missile, missel*; ottar,t otter; profit, prophet; 
 rabbet, rabbit ; treatise, treaties ; vial, viol ; deviser, divisor ; 
 accept, except; accede, exceed; immanent, imminent; impas- 
 sable, impassible ; insolation, insulation. 
 
 2. Pronounce the following words so as to shew the differ- 
 ence between the second vowels in each pair : — 
 
 History, mystery; Italy, Sicily; bailable, fallible; model, 
 noddle; company, mutiny; termagant, elegant; reticence, 
 innocence. 
 
 XXI.— Sounds represented by the 
 Oonsonant-Signs. 
 
 48. G before e, i, y, represents the sound of j. 
 Exceptions: gear, geeso, gewgaw, geyser, gibber-ish, gib- 
 
 bose, giddy, give (and its derivatives), gig, gild, gilt, gills, 
 gimbals or gimmals, gimlet, gimp, gingham, gird, -le and 
 girth, girl, gizzard, begin. 
 
 The g retains its sound also in dingy (ding-gy, a small boat), 
 gill (a mountain stream), and in the Hebrew gehenna and 
 gemara. 
 
 In gendarme (zhftn-d&rm'), mirage, prestige, genre, rouge 
 (rOzh), and some other words borrowed from the French, g re- 
 presents the sound zh. 
 
 Magyar is sounded MSdyar. 
 
 49. N before the sound of g or k refsresents the sound 
 generally Uenoled by ng, as in artchor, conch (kouk) ; but not 
 
 3 • Another name for mistlotoe. 
 
 t More corret'tly attar. 
 
18 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOKD-BOOK. 
 
 ■ I 
 
 in the case of the prefixes COBL-, in-, Syn-, un-, except in 
 concord (kong'-kawrd), concourse, concubine, congress, conquer. 
 
 In many words that contain ng the g begins a syllable, as 
 in Jin-geTy clan-gor (klang'-ger), conger, and in such words as 
 longer. 
 
 N.B. —English should be pronounced Ing'-gllsh not Ing'-^sh. 
 Length and strength aire often mispronounced lenth, strenth. 
 
 50. S should have its own sound in the following words in 
 which many wrongly give it the sound z : desist, persist, (but 
 resist, -zist), concise, precise, presentiment, rinse, dose. Also 
 in the prefixes dis- and traHS- (but transit) as dislike, not diz-, 
 and in the ending -sive, as decisive (dS-si'-sIv), but delusive 
 (-zlv), conclusive. See 46, N.B., under re-. 
 
 S is rightly pronounced like z before m (except in dis, mis, 
 and trans), as chasm (k&sm). Also in desert, gooseberry, 
 gaseous, greasy, Jesuit, mistletoe, preside, president, rase, vase 
 (v&z or vaz), ^enison (bSn'-I-zn), venison (vSn'-zn), dessert, 
 possess, ^. 
 
 S has the sound sh very often before unaccented i, as in 
 Persian, transient, scansion ; and sometimes before u, as tissue, 
 sure ; also in nausea, nauseous (-shl&, -shliis). 
 
 51. S has the sound of zh (i.) in -sion after a vowel, (ii.) 
 sometimes before U ; also in ambrosia, artesian, Elysian, clo- 
 sure, osier. 
 
 52. S has the sound gpz in auxiliary, anxiety, luxuiiant, -ous. 
 
 XXII— Digraphs. 
 
 53. Oh represents the sound of k in 
 
 (i.) Arch- followed by a vowel, as in architect (ftr'-kl-tSkt), 
 architrave, anarchy, except in arched, -ing, archer-y. 
 
 (ii.) Initial bracit-, chalc-, chl, chr, chor (except chore), 
 troch; chil- (-thousand), cheir or chir ( = hand). 
 
 (iii.) The following words, with their derivatives, Chaldee, 
 chalybeate, chameleon, chamomile, chaos, character, charta, 
 (but not chart, charter), chelonian, chemic, -ist, chimera, choir, 
 choler,-a, chyle, chyme, anchor, anchoret, bronchitis, anarchy, 
 anchovy, colchicum, conch, distich, echo, hypochondria, in- 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 19 
 
 lot Iiiff'-l'fah. 
 
 choate, machination, monarch, orchid, orchestra, tetrarcli, 
 
 Mocha, Chersonese, strychnine, melancholy. 
 
 Generally in words from Greek, cliiefly scientific terms. " 
 Also in a few Italian words as chiaro-oscuro, Machiavelian. 
 
 Oh represents the sound of sh after 1 and n, except in 
 milch; also in chagrin (-gren'), chaise, chamade, chamois 
 (sham'-wA), champagne, champaign, champerty (-par tl), chan- 
 aeiier, chaperon, charade (-rad'), charivari, charlatan, chasseurs 
 (-era'), chemise (-mez), chevron, chicane, chivalry. 
 
 Generally in words lately borrowed from Fieuch. 
 
 54. Gh initial always stands for g. 
 
 Its many sounds at the end of a syllable occur only in 
 familiar words, so that there is no danger of mispronunci- 
 ation, except in Edinburgh (-btlro), hough (hOk), sough (stlf) 
 and slough (slttf, but slow,* not slo nor slu, when it means a 
 bog). 
 
 55. Ph represents the sound of f, except in nephew and 
 Stephen (nSv'-u uud Ste'-vcn), and in diphthong, tripthong, 
 naphtJia, where it has the sound of p ; diphtheria (either dlf- 
 or dip-). 
 
 In phthisic (tiz'-lk), phthisis (thi'-sis), ph is silent. 
 
 56. Th represents the sound of t in asthma, isthmus, 
 TJiames, thyme. 
 
 It should be pronounced as in the in the following words : 
 booth, toith, bequeath. 
 
 Also before e mute, as in seethe, lithe, blithe, loaf he, and in 
 the following plurals baths, paths, laths, truths, youths, oaths, 
 sheaths, wreaths. 
 
 57. Unaccented ce, Ci, ti before al, an, On, OUS, ent, 
 ence represent the sound sh, as in ocean, optician, tertian, 
 partial, herbaceous, spacious, conscience. Before -ation ci- 
 should be pronounced shI-, not si, as pronunciation. 
 
 So, too, nuncio (nun'-shl-o), but halcyon (hal'-sI-On). 
 
 58. Sc before e or i has the sound of s, except in sceptic, 
 scirrhous (skSp'tIc, skir'-riis). 
 
 • Here, oa always In re-spelled words, ow is sounded tut in uwL 
 
I !!i 
 
 20 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 III 
 
 i !l 
 
 
 i I 
 
 Sch has the sound of sh in schist, schedule, of sk ii* 
 scheme, school, schooner, scholastic, scholium, scliolar. 
 Schism is pronounced sizm. 
 
 XXIII— Exercise on Silent Letters. 
 
 59. B, dumb, thumb, subtle (but stlV-tlle). 
 
 So always after m.* 
 0, Czar, (but Czekh, ChSk), victuals (vft'-lz), scene. 
 D, handkerchief (hSln'-ker-chlf, nothing-), Wednesday (wens- 
 da). 
 
 G, gnat, coigne, sign, poignant, imbroglio (Im-bror-yo), 
 seraglio(-r&l'y5), diaphragm(-fram), paradigm(-dlm), apothegm 
 (&p'-o-thSm), phlegm (flSm). 
 
 H, heir, honor, honest, hostler, hour, exhaust. 
 In Juo'b, hospital, humble, the present usage is to pronounce the h. 
 L, almond, alms (ftmz), calm, falcon, halm (hawm), holm 
 (hom or h0lm),icul de-sac (c5(i-d6-8&k). 
 
 L is generally silent before f, k and m, but not in idle. 
 M, mnemonics (ne-mttn'-Iks). 
 
 N damn, damning, conderan-ing, hymn-ing, contemn-er. 
 n'is silent after m in the same syllable. It is sounded before otHer 
 affixes than -ing, -ed and er, as in dam-noble, eondem-nation, hym-nal. 
 
 P (ph), contempt, pneumatics, pneumonia, psalm, ptarmi- 
 gan, psychology, pseud- (as in pseudonym). 
 S, demesne (dS-men'), isle, aisle. 
 
 T often (ttf n), soften (sOf'n), mortgage, apostle, epistle, 
 wrestle, forecastle (fok'-sl), mistletoe (iiilz'-l-to), chasten, fasten, 
 crlisten, chestnut, Christmas, boatswain (bosn), ballet (b&l'-la), 
 haricot. 
 
 T is generally silent in the endings -stle, -sten, as in jostle, 
 moisten, Q68'-\, moys'-n), christen (kris'-n). 
 
 W, answer, boatswain (bosn), cockswain (kOk'-sn). 
 W is also silent in -wich after 1, m, n. r. 
 
 The letters italicised in the following words must be pro- 
 nounced: Arctic, Antarctic, government, breac?th, wirfth, han<^- 
 
 sorae. cognisance, incognito, recogrnise, c&rtridge, partridge, 
 asthma (Rsima), isthmus (Isi-mtis). 
 
 iTpresent English usage omits b even in succumb. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 21 
 
 XXIV.— Accent. 
 
 60. The following words are accented on the last syllable :— 
 AdSpt, adtilt, alcove, &lly (&l-li'), awry (S-ri'), basalt (-saulf) 
 bombast (btim-b5st'), burlesque (b^r-lesk'), cement, charade 
 (shSrrad'V c5qr (ko-k6t'), dis-cOurse, Occttlt', pretence', (but 
 pre'-text), rec6ss', robiist', tirade, commandant', complaisant' 
 (kOm-pla-zSnt'), confident', imbecile ^sel'), recitative (-ev). Capu- 
 chin (shen'), bombasin, ambergris (-gres'), chagrin, mandarin 
 palanquin, routine. ' 
 
 t iJ'^;":;^"^®*'^' ,ft ^J^^^ry P^^ce of furniture, we must, on i-his side 
 of the Atlantic, call bu -ro ; m the sense of a department of government 
 we should pronounce it ba-rd'. In all cases we must sav dg-nO' for 
 tl«p -6), not the vulgar ds'-po. f \ ' 
 
 61. The following words are accented on the penillt : 
 
 (i.) Often incorrectly accented on the final. 
 
 Adverse, brSvet, brlgSnd, complex, construe, misconstrue 
 harass, levee, mattress, mohair. ' 
 
 (ii.) Often incorrectly accented on the antepenult. 
 
 anchO/y, calisthenics, coadjutor, congener, fSrragd, httrfzon 
 illicit, intrSpid, plebeian (plS-be'-Sn), pyrites(-ez), quandary 
 (kw5n-da-rS), sequestrate, stalactites (-tits), stalagmite sub- 
 jected, vagary (vft-ga'-ri), vertigo, viragO, canorous, dec!)rous 
 sonorous. ' 
 
 emetic, fanatic, caloric, panegyric, and most words in -ic. 
 Cyclopean, Augean, „ „ ^^^^ 
 
 Colosseum, lyceum, museum, n „ ^^^j 
 
 albumen, bitumen, „ „ ^^^^^^ 
 
 panacea, hymeneal ; aspirant, condolence, coquetry inquiry 
 precedence (from aspire', condole', and other words accented on 
 the final), clandestine, compensate, confiscate, contemplate ex- 
 purgate, exculpate, illustrate. * 
 
 The words in this last group have two or more consonants 
 after the last word but one : 
 
 Present English usage allows the pronunciations obliffa'-forv 
 ortho'-6py (-pi), which are certainly much easier than ob'-liga- 
 tory and or'-thoepy. ® 
 
22 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOHD-BOOK. 
 
 62. Accented on the antepenult, often incorrectly accente(l 
 on the penult : 
 
 Area, armistice, blasphemy, conversant, contrary, camSl'-o- 
 pard, chastisement, (ientrifugal, centripgtal, cerSbral, clematis, 
 dSflcIt, discipline, exOrcise, exquisite, gon'-doia, im'-pious, indus- 
 tify, obdurate, orchestra, puissant, subaltern, superfluous, vehe- 
 ment ; also allo'-pathy and other words in -pathy,* telegraphy, 
 alveolar, variola, gladiolus (and other words in eolar and lola)! 
 
 Other words accented on the antepenult are : abstractly, 
 deflagrate, d6s'-uetude, demonl'-acal, mani'-acal, discrepancy' 
 fortnightly, illative, raetamor'-phoses, parietal, Philistines, per- 
 func'-tory, polygamy, receptacle, photographer, phon5typy, 
 sardonyx, univocal. 
 
 Accented on the pre-antepenult, or fourth syllable from the 
 end : 
 
 tAccessory (-eri), aggrandizement, allegttrist, antepenult, ap- 
 probative, caricature, celibacy, circumjacent, combativeness, 
 comparable, (but -par'-^tive), contumacy, contumely, corCllary' 
 desultory, diligently, (in-)disputable, formidable, fragmentary,' 
 incf^roarable, interested, lamentable, laboratory, peregrinate, 
 per. .^ptory, refragable, rem'-gdiless, remediable, repertory, rec'' 
 ognizablo, supererogatory, usurpatory, (uzerp'-at-eri;, v6t'-er- 
 inary (-erl). 
 
 XXV.— Varying Accent. 
 
 63. The following words are accented on the last syllable 
 when they are verbs, on the first when they are nouns or 
 adjectives : 
 
 Absent, abstract, accent, affix, collect, comment, compact, 
 compound, compress, concert, concrete, conduct, confines, con- 
 flict, consort, contest, contract, contrast, convei-se, convert, con- 
 vict, convoy, decrease, descant, desert, detail, digest, discount, 
 escort, essay, exile, J export, extract, ferment, frequent, import, 
 incense, increase, insult, interdict, object, overcharge, over- 
 throw, perfume,|| permit, pervert, placard, prefix, produce, 
 progress, rebel, record, refuse (ref'-use and re-fuz'), surname, 
 survey, torment, transfer, transport. 
 
 ♦ But not In -pathio, which accentuate the penult as hydropathic, 
 t ary, ory, are both sounded er!. 
 
 t Exile, noun, is pronounced Cgz'-lle or Clcs'-U ; verb, egz'-ll or eg-zU'. 
 I Perfume " " per-fOm or por'-fQin' " per-fOiu'. 
 
 ! Hi 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 23 
 
 64. So miscou'-duct (n. ), misconduct' (v.), precon'-tmct (».), 
 precontract' (v.), at'-tribute( n.), attrib'-ute (v.). En'-trance 
 (n.) and entrance' (v.) are totally different words coming re- 
 spectively from enter and trance. 
 
 65. Sometimes other distinctions are expressed by differ- 
 ence of accent, as : 
 
 Ay-sSnic (w.), arsSn'-ic (adj.); ex'-pert (w.), expert' (adj.); 
 consum'-mate (adj.), con'-summate (v.) ; Au'-gust (n.), august', 
 (adj.) ; min'-ute (w.), minute' (adj.) ; prSc'-Sdent (w.), prece'-Jent 
 (adj.) ; gal'-lant (brave) ; gallant' (polite) ; inv&l'-id (not bind- 
 ing), invalid (-led'), (disabled); su'-pine (a kind of verbal 
 noun), supine' (indifferent). 
 
 66. On the other hand, very many have the same accent, 
 no matter what part of speech they may be, as : ^ 
 
 Address, alternate, assent, cement,* discourse, effect, employ, 
 perfect, preface, prostrate, purport, purpose. 
 
 67. Such differences are sometimes expressed by diffei-ence 
 of pronunciation, as in a^huse', which as a verb is pronounced 
 H-buz'. 
 
 ^ So grease, close, diffuse, which as verbs give s the sound of z. 
 
 Cleanly, adj., is sounded kl6n'-li ; adv., klen'-lL 
 
 Beloved, learned, sound the e of ed as adjectives, but not as 
 verbs or participles. 
 
 68. Conjure (kOn-jd/), entreat; (ktln-j'er), to juggle; courtesy 
 (kertSsI), politeness ; (kert'-sl) a bow ; hinder (a.), hinder (v.) ; 
 mow (mOw), a loft ; mow (m5w), to cut with a sythe ; raven, a 
 bird ; r&ven, to devour ; housewife (howswif ), a mistress of a 
 house; (htizlf), a case for needles; mall (ma wl), a hammer; 
 (mSl), a walk. 
 
 69. The following spellings represent each, not two pronun- 
 ciations of the same word, but two distinct words : 
 
 Ti-oll, to roll ; trOll, a fabulous being ; leasing (lesing), letting 
 for hire ; (lezing), lying ; gout (gowt), a disease (gd), taste ; 
 lower, (loar), make low ; low-er, to darken ; wOn't, will not ; 
 (wttnt), accustomed ; pe'-riftdic, belonging to a period ; p6r'-I0dic, 
 a composition of iodine; salve (s&v), an ointment; (s&lv), to 
 save from loss ; pOll, ordinary degree at Cambridge ; poll, head, 
 to vote. 
 
 Oem'-ent is obsolete. 
 
24 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 XXVI.— Misleading Analogy. 
 
 70. We generally find that in groups of related words the 
 accent remains on the same element, e. g., delud'e, delus'-ion, 
 delus'-ive; and also that that main element has the same^ 
 sound in all. This is not so in the following instances ; hence 
 the analogy (or likeness) is misleading : 
 
 matron, -al, -ise ; matrimony 
 mi'-cro8coi)e, microscOpic, mi- 
 
 assign (-sin'), assignee (Ss'-In-e) 
 consign', con'signee 
 blaspheme, blSs'-phSmy and 
 
 -ous 
 consist', consistory (-eri) 
 decli'-vous, decliv-ity 
 define, def-in-Ite, definidon 
 
 (-Ish'-un), defin'-itlvf 
 drftma, mSl'-odra,mS, 
 flora, -al, -iferous, flOrid, flor- 
 
 Iform, -1st, -i-culture 
 frater'-nal, frS,t'-emise \ 
 fort, -let, fort-alice, fortress, 
 
 foi*t-ify 
 four, forty, fortnight 
 front, (frtUit), so front -let -age, 
 
 frontier, -ispiece (-pes) 
 gen'-us, general 
 g&s, gasometer; gaseous (ga'- 
 
 zeiis) 
 gratiS; grStu'-itous 
 grateful, grat'-itude, -ify, -ulate 
 hSath, heathen, hSather 
 hero, hero'-ic, hgrolne, -ism 
 hind, hinder, hinder, hindrance 
 hygiene (hi'-jen or hi'-jl-en), 
 
 hygienic (hi-jI-Sn'-Ik) 
 lath (pi, \kthz), iMhQ 
 lenient, -iency, Ignity 
 luxury (x= ks), luxuriant (gz), 
 
 -ate, -ous 
 maintain, maintenance 
 maniac, m&ni'-S.cal I 
 
 crOs'-cOpy 
 mime, mimSt'-ic, mimic, -ry, 
 
 mimetic 
 mode, mOd-al, -ish; mOdest, 
 
 moderate, etc. 
 nation, n&tional* 
 obscene, -ly, obscgnityt 
 oppugn (-pun'), oppug-nancy 
 palm (pftm), p&l'm-ate, pSl'm- 
 
 ary 
 phlegm (flgm), phlSg-mSt'-ic 
 pious, Im'-plous, but impf*^ty 
 precede, prec'-edent (w.) 
 prime, primitive, prim'er or 
 
 primer 
 realise, reallsa'-tion 
 remedy, reme'-diable 
 restore, -ation, restorative 
 satiate (sa'-she-ate), -able, sS- 
 
 ti'-«ty 
 social (sO'-shSl), society 
 solemn (sOl'-Sm), sO-lera'-ni-ty, 
 
 -nise 
 sphere (sfer), sphSr-ic, -ical, 
 
 -icity, -oid 
 squalid (skwOl'-Id), squalor 
 
 (skwa-ler or skwO'-ler) 
 staunch (stawnsh), stanchion 
 
 (-shun) 
 sublime, subllm-ity, -ate, -ise 
 suit (sut), suite (sweet) 
 
 * So, too, ration-al, Spanish. 
 
 \ So, too, serene, serSn-'ity, sSrfi'-nade. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 25 
 
 swaih (swOth),swa/Ae,swa<Aing 
 tel'-egraph, tel'-egraph'-ic, -ist, 
 
 teleg'-raphy 
 telephone, teleph5u'-ic, teleph'- 
 
 Onist 
 telescope, telesc5p'-ic, teles'copy 
 
 ti-ansit (-sit), but transition, 
 
 (tr&n-zish'-fln). 
 type, -ology, -ograi)hy, tfi^ify. 
 vivid, viv-aciou8, -Scity, -arium, 
 
 viviparous 
 zeal, zealot (z81'-tit), zealous 
 
 71. N.B. — Words ending in -isive, with the preceding syl- 
 lable, are often mispronounced, owing to the analogy of the 
 corresponding -sion, e. g., decisive, decision (-zhun) ; so inci- 
 sive, incision (-zhun), diffusive, -sion. So many names of 
 sciences* end in -Ology that sometimes mineralogy and gene- 
 &logy are wrongly called minerOlogy, etc. 
 
 XXVII.— Review Exercise.. 
 
 72. Common faults in pronunciation.* 
 
 1. Mispronouncing the accented vowels : 
 
 Because, was ; citch, cSn, gSther ; get, kettle ; plait, heinous 
 (a rkrf e) ; been, clique, creek, sleek (e Twt I) ; since, spirit, 
 steady ; s&rsaparilla, sauce, saucy, sausage {not sas-) ; only, 
 goal ; cord, ftirty (wo< for-) ; Riissian, Prtissian, gtims, stipple 
 (wo< oo) ; bronchitis (-kitis) ; supergr'-ogation. 
 
 2. Substituting the sound of I or ti for that of e in the ter- 
 minations of such words as : 
 
 BedstSad, ailmSnt, hongst. 
 
 3. Substituting the sound of tt for in unaccented syllables, 
 as: 
 
 Oblige, provide, potato position, society, tobacco; bellow, 
 hollow, thorough, borough ; innocent. 
 
 4. Omitting vowels in unaccented syllables : 
 
 Ag6d, blessSd, learngd, bglieve {not blev), boisterous, com- 
 pany, despgrate, evSry, history, memOry, mystery, nominative, 
 several, favorite, victory (-er-), libr&ry, participle, real, really 
 {^ r6l-y), di&mond, geography, antip'-odes (-ez), manes (-6z), 
 extempore. 
 
 5. Omitting consonants : 
 
 .....„.,_,..„, ~..,".<."_t iHitn.c tjic L-iuss pronounce tnu worus in cms exercise, he 
 watching for the errors hkely to be committed. In some parts of the Province addi- 
 tional exercises maybe needed, varying according to the nationality of the first 
 Mttlen, aeamess to the United States, etc. 
 
26 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Arctic, February, breadth, width, partridge, cartridge, facts, 
 posts, grandmother, sends, handsome, recognise, cognizance. 
 
 6. Omitting the y of u after d, n, t, as in duke, neuter. 
 Tuesday. 
 
 7. Mispronouncing consonants : 
 
 Covetous {not -chtts), decrep'-it (not -id), drought, height (wo< 
 -th), Indian {not -jttn), idiot {^ot -jtit) partner, Protestant, pre- 
 sumptuous {not -shtis), stupendous, tremendous {not -jtts). 
 
 Some put W for wh, ST for shr, -in for -ing. Dis- and 
 nus- are often wrongly sounded diz- and miz-. 
 
 8. Wrongly inserting voah ols or consonants : 
 
 Alpaca, casualty, elm, helm, massacring, mischievous {not 
 chevytts), baptism, spasm, attack {not -takt), drown, once,, 
 sudden, across {not -crost). 
 
 9. Ti-ansposing sounds : 
 Brethren, children {n^ot -ern). 
 
 10. Pronouncing according to the spelling : 
 
 (a) Courteous, courtesy (ker- not k6r-), e'er and ere (ar), 
 forehead (fdr'-Sd), knowledge, none, nothing, evil (evl), devil 
 (dgvl), route (r6t), tour (tdr), joiist, nephew (-vu not -fu). 
 
 (6) Often (5fn), soften, apostle, epistle, fasten, chasten 
 (chSan), Wednesday (wensda), towards (tOrdz). 
 
 11. Following a misleading analogy {see § 70) : 
 
 Zoology {not zoo-), Danish ; neuralgia (vulgarly -alojy), forty 
 (vulgarly fOrty). 
 
 12. Accentuating the wrong vowel : 
 
 Ally, depot, complaisant, discourse, occult, rece«5« (which 
 accent the final syllable) ; assets, construed, decorous, extirpate, 
 harass, idea, inquiry, panacea, plebeian, precedence (which ac- 
 cent the penult) ; centrifugal, conversant, deficit, homoeopathy, 
 vehement (which accent the antepenult) ; contumely, indisput- 
 able, irrevocable (which accent the pre-antepenult. For other 
 examples, see § 60-2. 
 
 N.B.— -It is wrong to sound too fully the endings -ary and 
 -Ory, as in mercenary and observatory ^eii, wo« -arv. nur -orv^ 
 
LIST OF WORDS LIABLE TO BF 
 MISPRONOUNCED. 
 
 [iV. A— Vowels left unmarked have the "short" sound, as in an elL ill or im » 
 
 having that of i in ill.] * ^ ' ui ub, y 
 
 abatis, Xb'-S-tYs or Sb'-ate. 
 
 abatoir, ab'-at-wAr. 
 abbreviate, ab-bre'-vi-at. 
 abdomen, ab-d5'-m6n, 
 ablution, ab-ld'-shtin. 
 aborigines, ab'-o-rxj'-i-nez. 
 ab'-sent, (adj.). 
 absent' (v.) 
 
 absolutory, ab-sor-u-ter-i. 
 absolve, &b-z6lv'. 
 
 absorb, ab-s^rb' (not -z5rb'). 
 
 abstemious, ab-ste'-mi-us. 
 abstract' (v.) 
 ab'-stract (ac/j.). 
 ab'-stractness. 
 abstract'-ly. 
 
 abuse, J^bus' (n.); a-buz' (v). 
 accent, ak'sSnt (n.); ak- 
 sSnt' (v.). 
 
 accept, S,k-s6pt' (often con- 
 founded with except'). 
 access, ak-sSs' or ak'-sSs. 
 
 accessible, ak-s6s'-si-bi. 
 accessory or accessary, 
 
 &k'-sSs-ser-I. 
 
 acclimate, Sk-klT'-mat. 
 acclimatise, ak-kir-ma-tiz'. 
 acclivity, sk-kliv'-i-ti. 
 accompanist, ak-ktim'-pan- 
 
 Ist. 
 
 accomplice, ak-kom'-piis. 
 
 accomplish, &k-k0m'-pllsh 
 (not -ktim-). 
 
 accord, ak-kawrd'. 
 
 accost, ak-kOst'(wo«-kawst'). 
 
 accoucheur (Fr.), ak'-koo- 
 
 sher'. 
 accoutre, ak-kd'-ter. 
 
 accurate, ak'-ku-rat (not &k- 
 ker-It). See § 43. 
 
 acknowledge, ak-nol'-gj. 
 acme, ak'-mg. 
 acoustics, a-kow'-stiks. 
 acri, ak'-kri ; aero, ak'-kro* 
 
 (prefixes). 
 
 acimaen, a-ku'-mSn. 
 adamant, ad'-a-mant. 
 ad'-amante'-an. 
 adduce, ad-dos (not -docs), 
 adept, a-dspt'. 
 
 * aero unless a consonant in the same syllahle follows. 
 
 ale, rag, file, nOte, pure, far, her, mdve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
v^ 
 
 28 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 M 
 
 ; fii 
 
 li! 
 
 II 
 
 adipose, ad'-i-iKjs (not -poz). 
 adobe. Span., a-do'-ba. 
 Adonis, a-do'nis. . 
 adult, a-dtiit' (not ad'-). 
 
 adverse, ad'-vers (not -vers')- 
 
 ad'-versely. 
 advertisement, ftd-ver'-tiz- 
 
 ingnt. 
 
 advertise, ad'-ver-tiz. 
 -<Eneid, e-ne'-Id. 
 -fflneas, e-ne'-as. 
 iBolian, e-o'-li-&n. 
 
 -ffiolic, e-5l'-Ik. 
 
 aerate, a'er-at. 
 aerial, a-e'-ii-ai. 
 aerie, or eyry, e'ri. ' 
 aerify, ar'-i-fi. 
 
 aeriform, ar'-I-fawrm. 
 
 aerolite, ar'-o-iit. 
 
 aeronaut, ar'-O-nawt 
 SBSthetics, ez-thSt'-Iks. 
 
 aflax, af -fiks (n.) ; af-f Iks' (».). 
 
 affront, af-fi-ttnt' (n. and v.) 
 
 again, a-gSn'. 
 against, a-g8nst'. 
 aggrandise, ag'-gi-Sn-diz'. 
 aggrandisement, Sg'-gran 
 
 diz'-mSnt. 
 agile, aj'-Il. See § 43. 
 aide-de-camp, ad'-dS-kdw^. 
 alabaster, ai'-&-bas'.ter. 
 albino, ai-br-no. 
 albumen, ai bu'-mSn. 
 
 Aldine, ai'-din. 
 
 algebra, ai'-je -bi-a. 
 
 alias, a'-ii as. 
 
 alibi, ai'-i-bi. 
 
 alien, al'-ygn. 
 
 alienate, ^V-y6n-u (not ai 
 
 en'-I-at). 
 
 alkali, ai' kaii. 
 alkaline, ai'-ka iin. 
 allegiance, ai-ie'-jrms. 
 allegory, ai'-ie-gdi'-i (not 
 
 -g^M)- 
 allegro, ai-l6'-gro. 
 
 allopathy, ai-i«p'-a-thr, but, 
 
 al-lopath'-ic. 
 ally, ai-ii', (not ai'-ii). 
 
 almond, a'-mand. 
 
 alms, amz. 
 
 almoner, ai'-mon-er. 
 
 alpaca, ai-pak'-a, (not ai'-o- 
 pak-a). 
 
 Alpine, al'-pln (not -pin). 
 
 altercation, ai'-ter-ka'-shtin 
 
 (not awl-). 
 
 alternate, ai-ter-'-nat or al'- 
 
 ter-nat (not awl-). 
 
 alternative, ai-ter'-na-tiv. 
 al'-tema'-tion. 
 alto, ai'-to. 
 
 alto-relievo, ai'-to-i-i-ie'-vo. 
 altruism, ai'-tid-izm. 
 altruistic, ai'-trd-is-tik. 
 
 alumnus, a-iftm-'nGs ; pL a- 
 lumni, a-iain'-ni. 
 
 ale, me, file, nOte, pure, far, her, mdve, awl, owl, good, bo>. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 29 
 
 amateur, ani',^ter <yr -tur 
 {not tur', -toor, iior -chui). 
 
 ambrosia, am-bio' zhia. 
 amenable, ft-me'-ii&-bl {not 
 
 iUmSn'-). 
 
 amend, &-mOn^d'. 
 amenity, a-mSn' i ti. 
 amnesty, &m'-n6s-ti. 
 amphiscii, ftm-tish-M. 
 anesmia, &n-e-mi-&. 
 anaemic, &n ^'-mik. 
 ansBsthetio. au'-es-thet'-ik. 
 analogue, &a'-ft-log. 
 analogy, a-nai'-o-ji. 
 ancestral, an-sgs'-trai. 
 ancestry, &n'-s6s-tri. 
 anchovy, an-cho'-vi. 
 Andean, &n-de'-an. 
 anemone, &-ngm'-o-nd. 
 anile, ftn'-il. 
 anility, fin-il'-i-ti. 
 aniline, &n'-Min. 
 animalcule, an-i-mar kui 
 
 {not -kul-e.) 
 
 anise, an-is. 
 
 annihilate, an-ni'-hi-iat. 
 anni'-hila'-tion. 
 anodyne, an'-o-din. 
 anomaly, a-nom'-a-ii. 
 antarctic, ant-aik'-tik. 
 antepenult, an'-ts-pS-nalt' 
 
 {not an-tS-pe-ntllt). 
 
 anti-, (prefix) an'-tl Inot 
 aii-w). 
 
 antipodes, an-ttp' o dgz. 
 antistrophe, aii-tis'trd-fg. 
 anxiety, ang-zi'-g-ti. 
 anxious, angk'-shus. 
 aorist, a-'-d-rfst. 
 aperient, a-p€r'-i-6nt 
 "Aplomb, a-pio/;i' or a-piowy'. 
 apotheosis, ap-o-the'-o-sis. 
 apparatus, ap'-pa-ia'-tus 
 
 {not -ra'-). 
 
 apparent, ap-pa'-rSnt. 
 
 apricot, a'-pn-kOt. 
 
 a priori, a -pnor'-L 
 apropos, ap'-ro po'. 
 aquiline, ak'-wi-iin. 
 Arab, ar'-ab. 
 Arabic, ar'-a Wk. 
 Arabian, ari-a'-Wan. 
 
 arch, (chief) Arch j ftrk, before 
 a vowel ; ftrch, before a con- 
 sonant 
 
 architect, ar'-ki-tekt. 
 archives, kv'Mvz. 
 Archimedean, Ar'-ki-me'- 
 
 de-an. 
 Arctic, ftrk'-tik. 
 Arctmnis, ftrk-tu'-i-fis. 
 
 arduous, ftr'-du-tis. 
 
 are, {v.) ftr ; a metric unit, dr. 
 
 area, a'-rg-a. 
 
 aria, a tune, ar'-i-a. 
 
 Arian, a' li-an. 
 arid ar'-id. 
 
 ale, me, file, n5te, pure, fAr, her, m6ve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
30 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 aristocrat, ar'is-to-krat or 
 
 ar-is'-t6-krftt. 
 
 Armada, &r-ma'-ds,. 
 armistice, ftr'-mis-tfa. 
 aroma, &-ro'-nia. 
 arquebuse, ar' kg booz. Fr. 
 arrogant, &r'-ro-gant. 
 
 arsenic, (n.) ar'-s6-nik ; {adj.) 
 4r'-s6n'ik. 
 
 artesian, ftr te'-zhJ-Sn. 
 
 Arum, a' riim. 
 
 Aryan, ar'-i-an, or a'-n-an. 
 
 asafoetida, as'-a-ffet'-i-da. 
 ascetic, as-sst'-ik. 
 ascii, as'-i-i, or ask'-i-i. 
 asphyxia, as-fik'-si ai 
 aspirant, aa-pi'iant. 
 aspirate, as'-pi-rat. 
 assess, as-sss'. 
 assets, as'-ssts. 
 assimie, as 8um^ 
 assure, a ahor'. 
 asthma, ast'-m&. 
 
 ate, at or 6t. 
 
 athenaeum, ath'-S-ne'-iim. 
 atoll, at'-oi. 
 atrophy, at'-rof-i. 
 attribute, at'-tri-but in.) 
 
 ftt-trib'-ut {v.). 
 
 auction, awk'-shun. 
 
 Augean, aw-je'-an. 
 
 auger cmd augur, aw'-ger. 
 August, {n.) aw'-gust; {wlj.) 
 aw-giist'. 
 
 aunt, &nt. 
 aureola, aw-re' o-ia. 
 auricle, aw'-ii-kl. 
 auspice, aw'-spis; pi. au- 
 spices, aw'-spis-6z. 
 auto-da-fe, Spcm., aw'-to- 
 
 da-fa'. 
 auxiliary, awg-zil-'-i-a-ii. 
 avalanche, av'-aiansh'. 
 avant-courier, a-vow^r'-kOr'- 
 
 I-a. 
 
 avarice, av'-a-ns. 
 avenue, av'-e-nu {not av'-s- 
 
 noo). 
 
 avoirdupois, av-er'-du- 
 
 poyz'. 
 -^Wkward, awk'-werd. 
 
 u,wry, a-ii'. 
 axiom, ak'sj-tim. 
 ay or aye (yes), l 
 
 aye (always), a. 
 azure, a'-zhoor. 
 
 bade, bad {not bad). 
 badinage, Fr., bad'-j-nftzh. 
 bagatelle, Fr., bag'.a-tgr. 
 
 B. 
 
 balk, bawfe. 
 
 ballet, i)ar-ia. 
 balm, bam. 
 
 ftle, mS, file, nOte, pure, fftr, hJr, m6ve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
 .*' 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 31 
 
 balsam, bawl'sSm. 
 
 banquet, b&ng'-kwgt (not 
 
 b&n-). See languid. 
 
 baptism, b&p'-tizm. 
 barbarous, bai'-ba.iii8 (not 
 
 bAr-ba'-ri-iis). 
 
 bargain, bftr'-ggn. 
 
 baron, bfir'-On (not to be 
 confounded with bSi'-rgn), 
 
 barouche, ba-r6sh'. 
 barrel, bar'-rgi (not barl). 
 basilisk, baz'-i-iisk. 
 bass-relief, bfis'-re-lef. 
 bath, batyi ; pi. hkthz. 
 
 bathos, ba'-thOs. 
 
 bayonet, ba'-On-et (not ha' 
 nfit). 
 
 bayou, bi'-oo. 
 bazaar, bs-z&r'. 
 
 beard, herd (not hard). 
 
 because, be-kawz' (not be 
 
 k6z'). 
 
 bedizen, bc-d!z'-n. 
 
 Bedouin, b6d'-oo-!n. 
 been,* ben or bin. 
 begone, be-gOn' (not -gav/n')- 
 
 behalf, bc-haf. 
 
 behemoth, he'-he-mOth. 
 believe, bS-lev' (not blev). 
 
 Bellerophon, b«l-l6r'-o-fon. 
 
 belles-lettres, /v., bel-iet'- 
 
 -tr. 
 bellows, Ij61'-Ioz or Ifis.- 
 
 beloved (adj.), be-luv'-gd; 
 part, bg-lfivd'. 
 
 benzine, bgn'-zen. 
 bequeath, h^kweth'. 
 
 besom, be'-ztlm. 
 
 bestial, bCst'-yai (not best'-). 
 
 betroth, be-trOth' (not bs- 
 -troth'). 
 
 bewray, bg-i-a'. 
 bezique, Fr., ba-zek'. 
 
 bi, bi, rarely hi. 
 
 bibliography, bib'-li-og'-ra- 
 fi. 
 
 bicycle, bi'-sik-l. 
 
 bifurcate, bi-fer'-kat. 
 
 bijou, be-zhO'. 
 
 binomial, bi-no'-miai. 
 biography, bi-og'-ra-fi. 
 
 bison, bi'-zOn. 
 
 bitumen, bi-tu'-m6n. 
 bivouac, biv'-oo-ak. 
 blaspheme, bias-fem', but 
 
 bias'-phfr-motts. 
 
 blatant, bia'-tant. 
 
 blessed (oflj. ), bl6ss'-€d : part. 
 
 blest. 
 blithe, bli^A. 
 bohea, bo-he'. 
 
 fc- *'u^®^?' '*''**\'?« sound^of e as in mete, wliich, I repeat, is the nroniinHation I 
 fcARTGRANT Wmii.' *'" """'^ "'"' well-ecluoated Engtemen thatTCve mei?^i 
 
 ale, nic, file, nOto, pure, fAr, hdr, m6vo, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
32 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 boisterous, }>oy8'-tei-tis 
 (not boys'-trus). 
 
 bomb, bttm, (not bflni). 
 
 bombast, bam-bast'. 
 bombazin, bam'-ba-zen. 
 bona fides, b5'-n& ft'-dez. 
 booth, hdth. 
 
 bonhomie, Fr., bOn'-dm-e. 
 borealis, bOr'-e-a'-lis. 
 bosom, booz'-tiiu. 
 boudoir, Fr., bood'-war. 
 
 boulevard, Fr., bool-v&r'. 
 
 bouquet, Fr., bd'-ka. 
 
 bourgeois (French middle 
 classes), bdrzh-w&'; (a kind 
 of printing type), b^r-joys'. 
 
 bourgeon, Fr.. ber'-jOn. 
 bourn, bdrn. 
 Bourse, bdrz. 
 
 bow (n.), b5 ; (v.) bow. 
 
 bow or bows (of a ship), 
 bow, bowz, 
 
 bowsprit, bO'-sprlt. 
 
 bravado, brft^va'-do, but 
 
 br&'-vo. 
 
 breeching, brich'-ing. 
 brethren, brgtli'-rSn (not 
 
 br6th'-6r-6n). 
 
 brevet, brSv'-et. 
 breviary, bre'-vi-or-i. 
 brevity, br6v'-i-ti. 
 
 brigand, brig'-and (mt b»r- 
 
 gand'). 
 
 brigantine, brig'-&n-tin. 
 
 brimstone, brim'ston (not 
 -stftn). 
 
 bromide, br5'-mrd ; brO'- 
 mine; br6-mite. 
 
 bronchitis, brOng-kr-tis. 
 
 brooch, broch (not biooch). 
 broth, brdth. 
 
 brougham, brd'-am. 
 bruit, brot. 
 brtisque, broosk. 
 Buddha, bood'-da. 
 Buddhism, bood -dizm. 
 
 buflfet, Fr. (a sideboard^ 
 boof-a. 
 
 buhl, bul. 
 
 bulletin, bool'-lC-ten or tin. 
 bullion, bool'.yttn. 
 bimion, btin'-y&n. 
 buoy, boy. 
 buoyancy, boy'-an-sr. 
 
 bureau, bu'-rO, or bu-rO' 
 (See i)age ). 
 
 burlesque, ber-l&k'. 
 business, Mz'-nSs. 
 
 butcher, booch'-er (not 
 bttch-). 
 
 Byzantine, Mz- «n'-tin. 
 
 alo, me, file, nOte, pure, far, her, mOve, uwl, owl, good, boy. 
 
cabal, kft-bai'. 
 cachinnation, kfik'-in-na 
 
 shtln. 
 
 cadaverous, ka-dav'-er-aa. 
 cadence, ka'-d6ns. 
 cadi, ka'-dl. 
 
 Oadmean, kad-me'-an. 
 caesura, 86-zu'-ia. 
 
 caisson, kas'-sOn. 
 
 calcine, kai'-sin. 
 caldron or chaldron, 
 
 kawl'-diOn. 
 calf, k&f. 
 calibre, kai'-i-ber. 
 caligraphy, ka irg'-ia-fi. 
 caliph, ka'-lrf or ka-lef. 
 calisthenics, kai-is-then'-iks. 
 
 calm, k&m {not kam). 
 
 caloric, kai-lor'-ik. 
 
 cal3rx, ka'-liks ; pi cal3rxes, 
 
 ka'-lik-s6s, or calyces, kal'- 
 
 I-ses. 
 
 canine, ka-nin'. 
 cfi,non or canyon, kan'-yon. 
 capitoline, kap'-i-to-im. 
 Capuchin, kap'-u siien. 
 carbine or carabine, kkv'- \ 
 
 bin or k&r'-a-bln. 
 
 cardiac, kAr'-dr-ak. 
 caricature, kar'-i-katiir'. 
 Oarlovingian, kAr'-lo-vin 
 
 jl-&n. 
 
 carmine, k&r'<mT& 
 
 OUTIIOEPY. 
 
 0. 
 
 33 
 
 carotid, ka-ir>t'-rd. 
 carte-blanche. Fr., ka,t- 
 
 m&ngah. 
 
 carte-de-visite, Fr., kart'- 
 
 dg-vl-zet'. 
 
 castle, ka,s'-fll. 
 
 casualty, kazh'-a-ai-ti (not 
 -ar-i-tr . ■ 
 
 casuist, kazh'-u-ist. 
 catamaran, kat' a-ma-ran'. 
 catch, katch {not ketch). 
 catchup or catsup, katch '- 
 
 tip m- kats'-Op. 
 
 catechumen, kat'-e-ku'- 
 
 in6n. 
 caustic, kaws'-tJk. 
 
 caveat, ka'-vr-at. 
 caviare, kav-r-Ar {not -a-ra). 
 
 cayenne, ka-ygn' or ka-6n'. 
 
 c61ebre, Fr. sa-leb'-r. 
 ceUbacy, s6i'-i-ba-.sr. 
 
 cement, w. and v., sg-mgnt'. 
 
 centenary, s6ri'-t6-n6i-i, but 
 
 centen'-nial. 
 centrifugal, sen-trff-a-gai. 
 centripetal, R6ii-tiip'-c-tai. 
 cephalic, se-ftl'-ik. 
 ceramic, ss-ram'-rk. 
 cerebral, sgr'-e-brai. 
 
 certain, ser'-tin {not sert'-n). 
 
 cerulean, se-rd'-ij-an. 
 chagrin, sha-gren'. 
 
 
 ftle, mS, ftle, nOte, pure, far, "her, mdve, awl, owl, go^, boy. 
 
\ 
 
 113 
 
 4 
 
 1M! 
 
 34 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLIKH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 chalcedony, kai-s6d'-d-ni. 
 chamois, shfim'-wa. 
 
 char, (to blacken) fihkr ; (to 
 work by the day) char. 
 
 character, kar'-ak-ter (not 
 
 kar-ak'-ter.) 
 chasten, chas'-n. 
 charivari, Fr., sha'-re-vA'-re. 
 
 charlatan, siiiir'-ia-tan. 
 
 Oharon, ka'-rOn. 
 
 Oharybdis, ka lib'-drs. 
 chastise, chas-tiz'. 
 chastisement, c h a s' - 1 ! z- 
 
 mfint. 
 
 chateau, shato'. 
 chef-d'-oeuvre, Fr., pha-do'- 
 
 vr. 
 
 chiaro-oscuro, ke-ar'-o-os- 
 
 k6'-ro. 
 
 chicanery, sht-ka'-jieri. 
 
 chignon, shtn-yOw^'. 
 
 chimera, ki-me'-ra. 
 chimerical, ki-mgi'-i-kai. 
 chirography, ki-rog -ra-fr. 
 chiropodist, ki-rop'-o-drst. 
 chivalry, shiv'-ai-rL 
 chiv'aliic. 
 cliivairous. 
 chloride, klo'-rKd. 
 chlorine, klo'rin. 
 choleric, kol'-er-ik. 
 
 chord, kawrd. 
 
 christen, kri8'-n. 
 
 Ohristianity, kiis'-ttanTti. I combative. 
 
 chronological, kron'-oloj' 
 i-kai. 
 
 chronology, kio-nol'-tt-ji, 
 cicatrice, sik'-atrfs. 
 
 cicerone, sis-6-ro'-n6 or 
 chIch'-6-ro'-n6. 
 
 circuitous, ser-ku'-i-tiis (not 
 ser'-ki-tiis). 
 
 civil, siv' II. 
 
 civilisation, slv'-l-ll-za'-shiin. 
 
 clandestine, kian-dgs'-tin. 
 
 cleanly, (adj.) kl6n'-li ; (ad.) 
 klen'-h. 
 
 clematis, kJgm'-atis. 
 
 clerk, kiark (not klcrk). 
 climacteric, kl Im '-ak-ter-Ik. 
 
 or kll-mak'-ter-lk. 
 cloth, klOtli (not klawth). 
 coadjutor, ko-ad-jo'ter (not 
 
 ko-a.i'-). 
 
 coadjutant, ko-ad'-jti-tant. 
 cochineal, kftchl-nel. 
 codicil, k5d'-i-sil. 
 cognisance, kog'-ni-zaus or 
 
 k6n'-nl-zana. 
 
 cognomen, kOg-nO'-mSn. 
 
 COlchicum, kOl'-kt-kum. 
 
 Coliseum, kdl'-I-so'-um. 
 
 collusive, k6l-l6'-8lv. 
 
 colporteur, kOl'-poi-ter'. 
 
 column, kor-um (not -yoom, 
 nor -y ft 111). 
 
 combat, kttm' hat. 
 
 ale, mS, file, note, pui*e, f&r, her, niOve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTII()K|>y. 
 
 35 
 
 com'batant. 
 comedian, k«tu-e'-di-an. 
 comedy, koin'-€-di. 
 comely, ktim'-]!. 
 commandant, kom'-man- 
 
 d&nt". 
 
 comment (n. and v.), k6m'- 
 m6ut. 
 
 CODg6, konq'-zlm. 
 
 congener, kon-jo'-ner. 
 congenial, kdn-je'-m-ai. 
 congenital, kon-jgn'-r-tai. 
 conjugal, kon'-joo-gai. 
 
 COiyure, (to implore) kOn- 
 jor' ; (to juggle) kun'-jer. 
 
 connoiseur. kon'-nrs-HPi" 
 commissary, kom'-mis-sei-T r>r^r,o«,•J^V^ , ' 
 
 1-1 , conscientious, k0n'-shr-6n' 
 
 comparable, kom'-pai-a-bl. \ shas. 
 
 compatible, kom-i)at'-i-bi. 
 compensate, kom-pgn'-sat. 
 com'pensa'tion. 
 complaisance, - s a n t, 
 
 k6iu'-pla-zans", -zant". 
 
 comrade, kOm-rad. 
 
 concave, kOn'-kav (not 
 kOng'-. 
 
 conservator, kOn'-ser-va'- 
 ter, but conser'-vatlve 
 
 consols, k(5n'-s5lz or kOn- 
 aolz'. 
 
 consort, (n.) kOn'-sOitj (v.) 
 k6n-85rt', 
 
 construe, kOn'-strO (not 
 -8tr6'). 
 
 concentrate, kon-sgn'-tiat. I consummate, ((ufj.) kan- 
 
 sQm'-mat; (v.) k5n'-«uni- 
 mat. 
 
 contemplate, kon-t6m'. 
 
 plat. 
 
 contents, kan'-tents or k6n- 
 
 tSnts'. 
 
 conch, kOngk 
 COnchology, k0n-k0l'-5-jI. 
 concord, kOng'-kawid. 
 
 concor'dance, con-, (not 
 
 c5ng-), 
 
 condemning, k5n-dcm'-inr' I ^^^^^' 
 condem'-nable, (-na-bi). ' I ^^^^o^r, kon-tdv 
 condolence, kon-do'-lgns. 
 
 conduit, kon'-dttor kiin'-difc 
 
 confldant, kon'-fr-daut". 
 con'fldence. 
 confiscate, kon-fts'-kat. 
 
 confront, kOn-frtlnt'. 
 
 confute, koii-fut'. 
 
 contumacy, kon'-tu-ma-sr. 
 contumely, kon'-ta-mei-i. 
 conversazione, kon'-ver- 
 
 sat'-zT-o'-na. 
 
 conversant, kon'-vdr-sant 
 
 (not kOn-vers'-). 
 
 corrigible, kor'-rr-ji-bi. 
 corruffate. kfir'.ion-«£5f 
 
 ale, me, frlo, uOU,, pu.o, fto, l.cV, nXive, uwl, cvU-ucVw" 
 
he! 
 
 I i:!i 
 
 m 
 
 36 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH W Oil D BOOK. 
 
 cost, k«st (not kawst). 
 
 costume, kOs-tum' or kOs' 
 turn. 
 
 coterie, kS'ter-e. 
 
 coup, Fr. (a stroke) kd. 
 
 COUp-d'6tat, Ft., k6'-da-t&'. 
 
 coupon, k6-i)6ng. 
 
 courier, koor'-I-er. 
 
 courteous, kert'-yus. 
 
 courtesy, (politeness) ker'- 
 
 tS-sI ; (an act of reverence) 
 
 kert'-sl. 
 
 courtier, kOrt'-yer. 
 
 covetous, k(iv'-6-tas (not 
 -chtis). 
 
 cowardice, kow'-er-dfc. 
 
 COXWain, k6k'-sn. 
 creature, kre'-tur (not -ter). 
 credei- ), kre'-dens. 
 
 credible, kr6d'-i-bl. 
 
 credulous, krgd'-u-ltts. 
 creek, krek (not krik). 
 criterion, kn-te'-rl-On. 
 
 critique, kri-tek'. 
 
 croquet, kro'-ka (not krft- 
 ka'). 
 
 cucumber, ku'-ktlm-ber. ' 
 
 cuirass, kwi-ras'. 
 cuirassier, kwi-ras-ser'. 
 
 cuisine, kwl-zen'. 
 
 cul-de-sac, koo'-de-sak'. 
 
 culinary, ku'-ll-ner-l. 
 
 cupola, ku'-p5-]a. 
 
 curator, ku-ra'-ter. 
 curtsey, see courtesy. 
 
 Cyclopean, si'-klo-pe' an. 
 cynosure, si'-no-zlidr. 
 Oymry, kim'-ri. 
 
 converse, (v.) kOn-vers' ; (w.) 
 k6n'-vers. 
 
 coquetry, ko'-ket-rf. 
 cordial, kor'-di-ai. 
 
 corduroy, kOr'-doo-roy*. 
 
 corollary, kor'-oi-ier-r. 
 
 coronal, kOr'-O-nai or kO-ro'- 
 n&l. 
 
 dacoit, dak'-oyt. 
 
 dado, da'-d5. 
 
 daguerrotype, da-gg.'-dtip. 
 dahlia, da'-li-a. 
 damning, dam'-ing. 
 
 Danish, da'-nish. 
 
 data, da'-ta. 
 
 daub, dawb (not dOb). 
 
 D. 
 
 daunt, dawnt. 
 d6bris, da-bre. 
 debut, da-b6. 
 
 decade, dek' ad. 
 decorous, de-ko'-rtts. 
 decrepit, ds-krgp'-it. 
 
 defalcation, de'-fill-ka'-shtin. 
 
 deficit, def'-i-sit. 
 
 P' 
 
 ale. 
 
 me, file, nOte, pure, f&r, h(*r, mdve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 defile, d6-frl' or de'-. 
 
 deflagrate, def-ia-grat. 
 deliquesce, dei'-i-kwgs. 
 demarcation, de'-mar-ka'- 
 
 shun. 
 
 demesne, de-men', 
 demise, dg-miz'. 
 
 demon, de'-mOn. 
 
 demoniacal, dsm'-o-m'-ak- 
 
 87 
 
 devoir, dSv-wawr'. 
 di, di, generally when before 
 a consonant and unaccented. 
 dlBBresis, dr-e'-rS-sis. 
 
 diamond, dr'-a-mttnd. 
 diaphragm, dr-a-fr&ni. 
 diastole, di'-as'-to-ie. 
 diatribe, di'-a-trib. 
 
 dictate, (n. and V.) dik'-tat 
 (not dik-tat'). 
 
 demonstrable, de-mon' 
 
 strfi-bl. 
 
 demonstrate, dg-mon'-strat ^®^ 
 
 01- dSm'-On-strat. "is'. 
 
 demonstrator, dgm'-on- ^i^isive, dif-fo'-siv. 
 
 stra'-ter. '^- ' - 
 
 didactic, di-dsk'-tik. 
 
 diffuse, (i;.)dif-fuz'. (a.) dif. 
 
 fiicsf ' 
 
 depot, d6-po' w d6p'- {not 
 de'-po). ^ 
 
 deprivation, dsp'-riv-a"- 
 
 shttn. 
 
 derelict, dsr'-g-iikt. 
 derisive, dg-ri'-sJv. 
 deshabile l6z'-a-bel. 
 desiccate, dss'-ik-kat. 
 
 dsperado, d6s'-per-a'-d5. 
 
 despicable, dgs'-pi-ka-bi. 
 
 dessert, dSz-zert'. 
 
 destine, dgs'-tin. 
 desuetude, d6s'-we-tad. 
 desultory, dgs'-ai-ter-j. 
 
 detail, (t;.)d6-tal';(^.)d6'.tal 
 deu-, du- {not d6-). 
 
 devastate, dev'-as-tat. 
 
 devil, dfiv'-I (wo< d6v'-in. 
 
 digest, (t^.)di-j6st'/(^.)dr. 
 
 J6st. 
 
 digression, di-grssh'-iin. 
 dilapidate, di-isp'-i-dat. 
 dilate, dr-iat'. 
 
 dilemma, di-igm'-ma. 
 diluvial, di-id'-vi-ai. 
 dimension, di-mgn'-shttn. 
 diocesan, di-os'-g-san. 
 diptheria, dif-the'-iia. 
 
 dipthong, dip', or dif -thOnff 
 
 direct, di-r6kt'. 
 
 dis-, {not diz-, except in tl.c 
 words specified below.) 
 
 disaster, diz-fe'-ter. 
 
 discern dis-zern'. 
 
 discrepancy, dfe-crgp'^sn-si 
 disease, diz-ez'. 
 
 »K n.«, «.. „«, pa., m, H,, ^.^:::^;^~^:^^^^; 
 
M 
 
 \ 
 
 
 i 
 
 ! I 
 1 i 
 f 'i 
 
 1 lis 
 
 1 ' 
 
 Ii 
 
 1 II 
 
 1 
 
 ; .{ 
 
 ii 
 
 i . 
 
 1 ■ 
 
 ■i 
 
 ,1 
 
 I 
 
 38 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL KNGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 dismal, diz'-mai. 
 disputable, dis'im-tarbl. 
 disputant, tlis'-pu-,tant 
 dissolve, diz-zolv'. 
 
 distich, dis'-tik. 
 
 divan, divan'. 
 
 divers, dl'-verz. 
 diverse, dl-vers' or di'-. 
 divulge, di-vtilj' (not di-). 
 docile, d5s'-il, or do'-sll. 
 
 does, (v.) duz. 
 
 dolorous, ddl'-6-rus. 
 
 dominie, dom'-i-m. 
 
 donation, do-na'-sbun. 
 
 donative, don'-a-tiv. 
 
 donjon, dOn'-jOn. 
 
 donkey, dong'-ke. 
 
 dost, dust. 
 doth, duth. 
 
 early, er'-li (not ar' Ii). 
 
 easel, e'-zl. 
 
 ebony, 6b'-ttn-i. 
 
 ebriety, 6-bri'-I-ti or e-bil'. 
 i-ti. 
 
 ebullition, 6b'-ul-lish'-ttn. 
 
 6cart6, a-kar'-ta. 
 
 Ecoe Homo, ek'-sS ho'-mo. 
 
 eccentric, ek-sgn'-trik. 
 
 eccentricity, ek'-sSu-tris'- 
 i-ti. 
 
 echelon, 6sh' e-low^. 
 
 double entendre, Fr., d6'- 
 
 bl 6n-t6ndr'. 
 douceur, doo-ser'. 
 
 douche, dosh. 
 draft, draft. 
 drama, dra'-ma. 
 draught, draft. 
 droll, drol. 
 dromedary, drtini'-g-der-i. 
 
 drought, drowt (not drowth). 
 
 du-, du- before a vowel, except 
 in dtic'-at, before a conson- 
 ant followed by a vowel. 
 
 dubious, dii'-bi-as. 
 
 ductile, duk'-til. 
 duty, du'-ti (not dd'-ti). 
 
 dynamics, di-nam'-iks. 
 dynamite, din'-a-mit. 
 dynasty, din'-as-ti. 
 
 6cL%t, Fr , a-kla'. 
 eclogue, ek'-lo,r. 
 
 economical, 6k'-6-nom'-i-ka) 
 (or e'-ko). 
 
 ecstasy, sk'-stasi. 
 
 ec'stat'-ic 
 
 ecumenical, ek'-u-m6n' i- 
 kai. 
 
 edible, ed' i-bl. 
 
 edict, e' dikt. 
 
 edify, Sd'-i-fi. 
 
 I edifice, sd'-i-fis. 
 
 ale, me, file, note, pure, fAr, her, m6ve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 39 
 
 ediie, or aedile, e'-dn. 
 educate, Cd'-a-kat {not ed'-i 
 
 kat). 
 
 e'er, ar. e'en, en. 
 effete, 6f-fet'. 
 
 effort, gf-fOrt {not -fnrt). 
 
 effrontery, gf-fmn'-ter-i. 
 effuse, I fuz'. 
 
 effusiV3, 6f-fu'-slv. 
 
 eglantine, Sg'-lan-tin. 
 
 ego, e'-go. 
 egoism, e'-go-izm. 
 egotism, 6g'-o-tizm. 
 
 eg'-0"tist. 
 
 egregious, e- or e'-gre'-jl -fis. 
 either, ^'-th^v or I'-ther. 
 
 eleemosynary, 6l'-6-mOz' i- 
 
 ner-I. 
 
 elegy, ei'-e-ji. 
 elegiac, 81' 6 ji'ak. 
 
 elenchus, e-lgngk'-us. 
 
 elephantine, 6i'-6-fSn'trn. 
 Eleusinian, ei'-a-sin'-i-an. 
 
 61eve, Fr., a-lav'. 
 eleven, 6-lSv'-n (not l6vn). 
 
 eligible, ei' i-ji-bl. 
 
 61ite, Fr., a let'. 
 
 elixir, e-lrks'-er. 
 Elizabethp.n, e-liz'-a-beth' 
 
 elm, 61m (not Sl'-tttn). 
 
 elocution, sr-o-ku'-shnn. 
 
 61oge, Fr., a-lozh'. 
 
 eloquence, ei'-c-kwCns. 
 elucidate, 6-l6'-si-dat. 
 elude, 6-l6d'. 
 elusive, 6-l6'-ziv. 
 Elysian, s-lizh'-i-an. 
 Elysium, 6-lizh'-i-uni. 
 
 emaciate, 6-ma' shi-at. 
 
 embalm, 6m-bam'. 
 
 embrasure, 6m-bra'-zhoor. 
 
 embryo, Sm'-bri-o. 
 emendation, 6m'-6n-da'- 
 
 shtin. 
 emeritus, e-mgr' i-ttls. 
 
 emetic, 6-m6t'-ik. 
 6meute, a-mut'. 
 
 emir, e'-mer. 
 
 emissary, gm'-is-ser-r. 
 emollient, e-mol'-ii-gnt or 
 
 e-niOl'-ygnt. 
 
 emolument, s- or e-moi'-a- 
 
 mgnt. 
 emotion, S- or e-mo'-shiin. 
 
 empiric, gm-pir'-ik. 
 empyrean, Sm'-pi-re'-Sn. 
 encore, an^'-kor. 
 encyclical, 6n-sik'-li-k&l. 
 encyclopsBdia, 6nsi'-klo- 
 
 pe'-dia. 
 
 endemic, en-dem'-rk. 
 
 enervate, 6n'-er-vat or 6- 
 ner'-vat. 
 
 enfranchise, 6n-fj&n'-chiz or 
 
 -chiz. 
 inline, on-'-jm (not -jIn). 
 
 ale, me. file, note, pure, fAr, her, m6ve, awrow], .ood. boy. 
 

 40 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 enginery, 6n'-jin-ri. 
 English, ing'-glish. 
 enigma, e- or g-nig'-ma. 
 en'-igmat'-ic 
 ennoble, 6a-no'-bl. 
 
 ennui, Fr., &n'-we 
 
 ensemble, an^r-sam'-bl. 
 enteric, 6n-t6i'-ik. 
 
 enthusiasm, gn-thd'-zl-azm 
 
 entity, Sn'-ti-tr. 
 entr6e, kng'-tvh. 
 entrepot, kng'.iv-\>Q. 
 
 envelop, {v.) Sn-vel'-Op. 
 
 envelope, {n.) 6n'-v6i-op. 
 envious, 8n'-vi-us. 
 environ, gn-vi'-rftn. ' 
 
 environs, Sn'-vI-iOnz or 6n- 
 vi'-rttnz. 
 
 eozoon, §'-o-zo'-on. 
 
 epaulet, gp'-aw-i6t. 
 ephemeral, e-fSm'-g j-ai. 
 epicurean, Sp'-i-ka-re'-an. 
 epidemic, Sp'-i-dgm'-ik. 
 epigrammatic, Sp'-i-gram- 
 
 mat'-Ik. 
 
 epilogue, 6pi~l«g. 
 Episcopacy, s-pis'-ko pa-si. 
 episode, Sp'-isod. 
 epistle, S-pis'-l. 
 epitaph, 6p'-i-t5f. 
 epithalamium, gp'-i-tha-ia'- 
 
 ml-iim. 
 
 epithet, 6p'-f-thst. 
 
 epitome, 6-i»it'-6-m6. 
 epoch, e'-pOk. 
 equable, gk'-wa-bl. 
 
 equation, e-kwa'-shfin. 
 
 equerry, Sk'-wgr-i. 
 equestrian, 6-kwgs'-tii-an. 
 equilateral, e'-kwi-iat'-er&i. 
 equilibrium, e -kwMib'-ii- 
 
 urn. 
 
 equine, e'-kwin. 
 
 equinox, e'-kwI-nOks. 
 
 equip, g-kwip'. 
 equipage, Sk'-wi-paj. 
 equipoise, e'-kwi-poyz. 
 equitable, 6k'-wi-ta bi. 
 equivalent, S-kwiv'-a-ignt. 
 equivocal, 8-kwiv'-o-kai. 
 ere, ar. 
 
 Erebus, Sr'-g-btis. 
 Erin, e'-i in. 
 ermine, er'-min. 
 errand, Sr'-rand 
 errant, 6r'-rant. 
 erratic, er-rat'-rk. 
 
 erratum, er-ra'-ttim. 
 erroneous, er-ro'-ne-us. 
 
 erudite, 6r'-u-dit. 
 erysipelas, 6r' i-sip'-g-ifis. 
 escalade, Ss'-kaiad'. 
 escapade, 6s'-ka-pad'. 
 eschatology, es'-ka-toi'-o-jr. 
 escheat, Sschet'. 
 eschew, gs-chd'. 
 
 ale, me, file, note, pure, far, her, mOve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTHOKPY. 
 
 41 
 
 escort, (n.) gs'-k5rt j (v.) 6s- 
 kOrt'. 
 
 escritoire, fis'-krl-twawr'. 
 
 Esculapian, Ss'-ka-la'-pi-an. 
 
 esculent, 6s'-ku-l6nt. 
 
 Escurial, gs-ku'-ii-al 
 Eskimo or Esquimaux, 
 
 8s'-kI-mo. 
 
 esoteric, 6s'-6-t6i'-ik. 
 
 espionage, es'-pe-o-naj' or 
 
 esplanade, 6s'-pia-nad'. 
 
 esprit, 8s'-pre'. 
 
 essay, (w.)6s'-.sa; (v.) es-sa'. 
 
 estuary, Ss'-tu-a-ri. 
 et-cetera, st-sSt'-e-i-a. 
 
 ether, e'-ther. 
 
 ethereal, e-the'-i-r-ai. 
 ethics, sth'-iks. 
 ethnography, eth-nog'-ra-f i. 
 eth'-nograph'-ic. 
 etiquette, St'-i-kgf. 
 Eucharist, u'-ka-risfc. 
 
 Euchologion, u'-k0-lo'-jl-5n. 
 
 eulogy, u'-l6-j!. 
 eulogiura, u-lo'-ji-iim. 
 euphemijm, u'-f^m izm. 
 euphony, u'-fo-ni. 
 eupho'-nious. 
 euphuism, u'-fa-izm. 
 eu'-phuis'-tic 
 eureka, u-re-ka. 
 European, u'-ro pe'-an. 
 
 Euterpe, u-ter'-pe. 
 
 euthanasia, u'-than a'-zhi-a ; 
 euthan'-asy. 
 
 evanescent, gv'-a-ngs'-gnt. 
 evangelical, e'-van-jer-i-kai. 
 evangelization, e-van'-jgi-i- 
 
 za'-shuii. 
 evasion, 6-va'-zhun. 
 
 evasive, 6 va'-siv. 
 
 every, gv'-er-I (not gv'-rl). 
 
 ewe, a. 
 
 exacerbate, eks-as'-er-bat. 
 exact, 6gz-akt' (not eks-). 
 exaggerate, 6gz-aj'-er-at. 
 exasperate, 6gz as'-per-at. 
 ex cathedra, eks' ka-the'- 
 
 dra. 
 excerpt, 6k-serpt'. 
 
 excise, 6k-siz'. 
 excision, ek-sizh'-un. 
 exclusive, eks-kld'-siv. 
 excoriate, 6ks-ko'-ri at. 
 excrescence, 6ks-kr6s'-6ns. 
 
 excretion, eks-kre'-shtln. 
 
 excruciate, eks-krd'-shi-at. 
 exculpate, eks-kul'-pat. 
 
 excursion, eks-ker'-shun. 
 
 excuse, (n.) eks-kus'j (v.) 
 
 6ks-kuz'. 
 
 execrate, eks'-g-krat. 
 execute, eks'-g-kat. 
 
 execution, 6ks'-6-ku'-shiin. 
 
 executory, ekz-gt'-u-ter i. 
 
 ale, me, file, note, pure, fkv, J.er, mdve, awl, owl, good, hoy. 
 
\ 
 
 42 
 
 THE IIIOH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 executive, ekz'-ck'-u-tiv. 
 
 exegesis, eks-e-je'-srs. 
 
 exemplar, 6gz-eui'-pier, but 
 ex'-emplary, 
 
 exemplify, 6gz-6ni'-i)ii-fi. 
 
 exempt, cgz-cmt'. 
 
 exhale, 6gz-hal'. 
 
 exhaust, 6gz-awst'. 
 exhibit, 6gz-hlb'-It, or 6gz-Ib'- 
 
 it. 
 
 exhibition, eks'-bi-hish'-un. 
 exhilarate, ggz-hir-er-aL, or 
 
 6gz-Il'. 
 exhort, 6gz-hOrt', or ggz-Ort' 
 
 exhume, eks-lmm'. 
 exigent, eks'-i-jgnt. , 
 exigency, eks'-r-jgn-si. 
 exiguity, eks'-i-gu'-i-ti. 
 exile, 6gz'-ii or eks'-ri. 
 
 exist, Sgz-Tst' (n t 6ks-). 
 exit, 6ks'-it {not 6gz'-). 
 
 Exodus, eks'-o-dfls. 
 exonerate, 6gz-on'-ei-at. 
 exorbitant, 6gz-6i'-hi-tant. 
 exorcise, eks'-oi-siz. 
 exordium, egz-or'-cli-rnu. 
 
 exoteric, t5ks'-o-ter'-Ik. 
 exotic, 6gz-5t'-Ik. 
 
 expatiate, eks-pa'-shi-at. 
 expatriate, eks-^a -ti rat 
 expectorate, eks-pek'-to- 
 
 rftt. 
 
 expedient, ekz-pe'-di-ent. 
 
 expedite, 6k.s'-i)«-ciit. 
 
 expert, (a.) 6ks-j)ert'; {n.) 
 6ks'-pert. 
 
 expiable, eks -i)i-a-i>i. 
 expiate, eks'-pi-at. 
 expletive, eks'-pie-tiv. 
 exphcable, eks'-pii-ka-bl. 
 exphcit, eks'-plis-ft. 
 
 exploit, eka-ployt'. 
 
 explosive, eks-pio'-siv. 
 exponent, eks-po'-ngnt {not 
 
 -ntlnt). 
 expos6, 6ks'-i)o-za'. 
 
 expurgate, eks-per'-gat. 
 exquisite, eks'-kwi-zit {not 
 
 Sks-kwiz'-it). 
 
 extempore, eks-tgin'-po-rg 
 
 {not -t6in-por). 
 
 extirpate, 6ks-ter'-pat {not 
 6kz'-). 
 
 extol, 6ks-t5l' {not eks-tol').) 
 extra, 6ks'-tr& {not -tri). 
 
 extraordinary, eks-trOr'- 
 
 dl-iier-i. 
 
 extricate, eks'-tri-kat. 
 extrinsic, eks-trin'-sik. 
 extrude, 6ks-tlXH^'(wo^tl•u(l'). 
 exuberant, eks-a-bei-ant. 
 
 exude, eks-ud'. 
 
 exult, ggz-ult' {not eks-). 
 
 ex'-ulta'-tion. 
 
 eyot, i'-ot. 
 
 eyrie or eyry, e'-rt or a'-ri. 
 
 alft m5 flip jiA<-^ i«"5 ! i'A . 1 ■ « . , 
 
 --, .-.„ r.ie, iw.«, puru, lar, ih ; , iiiov«, awi, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 43 
 
 fiable, fa'-bl. 
 fabulous, fai)'-fj las. 
 fabric, mb'-iik. 
 fa9ade, fa-sad'. 
 
 facetious, l^-se'-shtis. 
 
 facetiae, f&-se'-shi-e. 
 facial, fa'-shi-ai. 
 facile, fas'-il. 
 facility, fti-sil'-r-ti. 
 fac-simile, fak-srm'-i-le. 
 factitious, fak-tish'-fis. 
 factory, fak'-ttir-i {^wt fak'- 
 
 trl). 
 
 Fahrenheit, ikvn'-hit. 
 faience, /'V., f&-ydnyH\ 
 failure, fal'-ur. 
 fait accompli, fat' ak-kom'- 
 
 ple. 
 fekir, m-ker'. 
 falchion, fawl'-shttn. 
 falcon, faw'-kn. 
 fallacious, tal-la'-slma. 
 
 fallacy, fai'-ia si. 
 
 falter, fawl'-ter. 
 
 familiarity, fa-mirr ar' i-ti. 
 fanatic, fti-nat'-ik. 
 fanfare, Fr., fSu'-far. 
 fantasia, fan-ta'-shr-a. 
 fantastic, fan-ta.s' trk. 
 
 P. 
 
 farina, fa-i e'-na or -rv-. 
 farrago, fat-ra'-go. 
 farther, far'tlit-p, or fur- 
 ther, ler'-thdr.* 
 
 fatigue, ia-ieg'. 
 fatuous, fiit'-u-us. 
 faubourg. Ft-., fo'-boorg. 
 
 fauces, faw'-sez. 
 fault, fawlt (not fOlt.) 
 
 fauteuil, Fr., fo-tal'. 
 
 favourite, fa'-ver-It (wo< -It). 
 
 fealty, le'-al-ti (7iot fel'-ti). 
 feasible, fe'-zt-bl. 
 
 feature, fO'-tur or -choor. 
 
 febrile, feb'-nl. 
 febrifuge, fsb'-ri-faj. 
 February, feb'-i6-ei-i (not 
 
 f6b'-u-a-rl nor f6b'-l-wei-rl). 
 
 fecit, fe'-slt. 
 
 fecund, fek'mul 
 
 federal, f6d'-ei-ai {not fed- 
 rai). 
 
 feign, fan. 
 
 feint, fant. 
 
 feline, fe'-lin. 
 
 fellow, fel'-lo (no< felMl). 
 
 felon, m'-6n. 
 felucca, fe-luk'-ka. 
 female, fe'-mal. 
 
 fhlwr^fi'v.*'*'*^!*®''""';"''' '" ^"^^ "*'e> further is the treguine Saxon won! • far. 
 W10W8 fSer in"' •;;/,ll^^^^^^^ "'T'^V ""*-•• P« r-Pte.1 rule s^emT ;. K 
 
 ale, me, file, note, pure, fftr, her, radve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
\ 
 
 44 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL RNQLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 II 
 
 M 
 
 feminine, f^m'-r-nin. 
 femme-couverte, ftm- 
 
 koov'-ert. 
 
 femoral, ftm'-o-rai. ' 
 Fenian, fe -ni-&n. 
 feoflF, ftf. 
 
 ferment, (n.) ftr'-mgnt ; (v.) 
 fer-m6nt'. 
 
 ferocious, ft-r5'-shti& 
 
 ferocity, ft-i«s'-i ti. 
 
 finale, fr-na'-ia. 
 
 finance, fi-nans'. 
 
 financial, fi-uSn'-sliai. 
 finesse, fi-uSs'. 
 
 finger, fing'-ger. 
 
 finis, fi'-nis. 
 
 finite, fi'-nit 
 
 fiord or fjord, fi-or.r 
 
 fyOrd. 
 first, fei-st (not fttrst). 
 
 ferreous, t^.'-ri-as, also far- fissure, ffsh'-oor. 
 
 rous, f6i-'-ti8. 
 
 fertile, fer'-tll or fer'-tll. 
 
 ferule, ftr-al. 
 fSte, fat 
 
 fetich or fetish, fs'-tish.^ 
 fetid, ftt'-rd or fe'-tJd. 
 feudatory, fu'-da-ter-i. 
 feu-de-joie, /v., fO'-dS-zhwfV 
 feuilleton, Fr., fd'-r-ton^. 
 fiacre, ^n, fe-ak'-r. 
 
 fianc6e, Fr., fe'&M^-sa'. 
 fiasco, fe-fa'-ko. 
 fichu, fish'-d. 
 fidelity, fl-dsiM-ti. 
 fiduciary, fi-du'-ahi-er-r. 
 fief, fof. 
 
 fieri facias, fr-^r-i fa'-shi 
 
 ftR. 
 
 flgaro, fS'-ga-ro'. 
 
 figure, frg'-ur or -dr. 
 film, film (not frl'-um). 
 
 finical, fin'-i-kai. 
 
 ('/ 
 
 fiaccid. flak'-sid. 
 flageolet, flaj'-^-ict. 
 flag tious, fia-jrsh'-uH. 
 fiagon, flag'-dn 
 fiagrant, fla'-gi-ant 
 flambeau, flam '-bo. 
 
 flaunt, flawnt or fllint. 
 
 fleur-de-lis, flai-de-ie' 
 
 flaw and flue, fld. 
 
 flora, flo'-rft. 
 
 flo'-ral. 
 
 Florentine, flor'-Sntin or 
 
 -tin. 
 florid, floi'-id. 
 flor'-in. 
 florist, flor'-ist 
 flotage, flo'-taj. 
 flo'-tilla. 
 flotsam or floatsam, flot'- 
 
 fluctuate, flQk' tQ-at. 
 fluvial, fld'-vi-aj. 
 
 ale, 11,6, file, note, pui-n. fAr, her, m6ve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTIIOKPY. 
 
 45 
 
 focus, fO'-kfts ; pL, fo'-CUSeS 
 or foci, fo'-sL 
 
 foible, foy'.bl. 
 folio, fo'-li-o. 
 foment, fo-mgnt'. 
 forage, ftti'-aj. 
 forbade, toi-bad'. 
 
 forecastle, for'-k&s-l <yr 
 
 fbk'-sl. 
 forefend, fbr-fgnd'. 
 forehead, for'-ed. 
 
 forensic, fO r6n'-slk. 
 
 forfeit, ftir'-fit. 
 forge, foij. 
 forgery, fbr'-jer-t 
 formidable, fbi'-mi-d&bl 
 
 {not fbr-mltl'-). 
 fort, ftJrt, but fbrt'-ress. 
 fortnight, fOrt'-mt {not -nit). 
 forty, £br'-ti {not fOi'-tl). 
 
 forward, fOr'-werd {not for'- 
 ftid). 
 
 fracas, fr&kA'. 
 
 fragile, fraj'-il 
 
 fragmentary, frftg'-men- 
 
 Wi-I. 
 
 fragrant, fia'-gr&ut 
 
 franchise, fr&n'-chiz or Hjhiz. 
 
 frankincense, frangk'-in- 
 
 fraternize, fi-at'-er-nis. 
 fratricide, fiat'-ii-sid. 
 fre'quent (a.); frequent' 
 
 {v.). 
 friends, frgndz {not frgnz). 
 frontier, frOn'-ter {not fi-fin'-). 
 frugal, frd'-gal (not fru-). 
 ftniit, frdt {not frut). 
 ftTlition, frd-Ish'-ttn. 
 
 fuchsia, fu' 8hi-4. 
 
 ftiel, fu'-6l {not ful). 
 
 fugue, fug. 
 
 ftdcrum, fttl'-kriSm {not 
 fool-). 
 
 fulminate, ftl'-mi-nat. 
 
 fulsome, far-sttm {not fool'-;. 
 
 functionary, fangk'-shtin. 
 
 er-I. 
 
 fiimiture, f^r'-nl-tOr w -nl- 
 choor. 
 
 frisil, fQ'-dl. 
 
 ftision, fu'-zlittn. 
 
 fustian, ftiHt'-i-an. 
 
 ftltile, fu'-til or -tn. 
 
 Gaelic, ga' lik or ga'.iik. 
 gainsay, j,'aii'-Ha. 
 gainsaid, gau' ad. 
 gairish or garish, gar'-ish. 
 
 gala, ga' la or ga'-ia. 
 
 galaxy, garakR-i. 
 
 gallant, (a.) gai'-ant; {v.) 
 gai-iant'. 
 
 &1«, ni6, ftle, note, pOre, far, hdr, indve, awl, owl, good, Iwy. 
 
46 
 
 TIIK IIIOII SCHOOL ENGLISH WOKI) HOOK. 
 
 galleon, g.tr-l6-on. 
 gallows, j-fii'-loz. 
 gamboge, gam-boj'. 
 gangrene, g&ng'-gien (not 
 
 gftn'-). 
 
 gantlet, gftnt'-ist, or gaunt- 
 let, gawnt'-iet. 
 gape, gap. gaping, gap'-ing. 
 
 garden, g^r'-dn (not gar- 
 den). 
 
 garrote, gii-rftt'. 
 
 garrulous, gar'-roo-lflH (no 
 gfti'yul-). 
 
 garrulity, g&r-r6V-Ui. 
 gas, gas, bnt gaseous, ga' 
 
 ze-fls. ' 
 
 gascocade, gfts' kon-afl'. 
 gasometer, gas oui'-g.ter. 
 gather, }r&th'-vi, 
 gauche, /v., gosh. 
 gaucherie, gosli' le. 
 
 gaudeamus, gawd'-e-a'-mus 
 gauge, gaj. 
 
 gaunt, gawnt. 
 
 (Jehenna, ge-hsn' ni 
 gelatine, joi' a tin. 
 gemini, jCm'-i-uf. 
 gendarme, /v., zhang'- 
 
 dariii. 
 
 genealogy, je'-nd ai'-o ji. 
 generally, j6n'-€r-ai-ii (not 
 
 jgn'-rul-li). 
 
 genial, je'-ni-ai. 
 
 genii, je'-ni i. 
 genius, je'-ni-Os. 
 
 genre-painting or -sculp- 
 ture, '/Mtuj'-r. 
 
 Gentile, jen'-til. 
 gentleman, jen'-tl-man ; pi., 
 
 -infill (not -iniin). 
 
 genuine, jcn'-u-in. 
 genus, je'-nfis; pL, genera, 
 
 jCn'-6i-a. 
 
 geodesy, je-fid'-e-si. 
 geography, je og'-ia-ft (not 
 
 J0g'-ra-f6). 
 
 geometry, jc-di:i'€-tri (not 
 
 jftni'iVtiT). 
 
 Georgics, jfii' jiks. 
 gerrjmoiander, gCi'ii-man'- 
 
 der. 
 gesture, j<\s'-tur or -clioor. 
 
 get, gdt (7iot git). 
 gewgaw, gu -giiMT. 
 geyser, gf-zdr. 
 gherkin, gdi 'kin. 
 ghoul, gOl. 
 
 giaour, jowr or go owr'. 
 gibbous, gib'-bJis (not jib). 
 
 giblets, jib'-icts. 
 gigantic, jr-gan'Mk. 
 gigantean, jr-gan te'-an. 
 gigot, /V.,jig'-<it. 
 gilly-flower, jil -i-iiow'.r. 
 gingham, ging'-am. 
 giraffe, ji-iaf or zhi-raf'. 
 
 alo, mo, file, not«s pure, far, hdr, ni6v(,, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
OKTHOKPY. 
 
 47 
 
 girasole, zhn-'-a-sol. 
 
 gird, gerd. 
 
 girl, gerl (not gtii]). 
 
 Girondist, ji-ron'-dist. 
 gist, jizt. 
 glacial, gla'-shi-ai. 
 
 glaciers, gifis'-l-erz or gJa' 
 shi-erz. 
 
 glacis, gl&'-He or gla'-sTs. 
 
 gladiator, glft.l'-t-a'-ter. 
 gladiolus, gia-ili-o-ias. 
 
 glamour, glftm'-er. 
 glimpse, gllnis or gUnipH. 
 
 glisten, glis'-n. 
 
 gluten, gl6'-t6n. 
 
 glycerin, .i,'lis'-*ji -f n. 
 gneiss, nis. 
 gnome, nom. 
 
 gnomon, no'-mon. 
 gnostics, nOs'-tika 
 gnu, nu. 
 
 Gobelins, gflb'-iinz. 
 goblin, gOb'-lin. 
 God, gO(J .'; gaud). 
 
 goitre, >: y tr. 
 Golgotha, gftr-grtt}«-ft. 
 goloshe, aluo galoche, g«^- 
 
 lOsh'. 
 
 gondola, gon'-do-li 
 
 gone, gOn (not giiwn). 
 
 gooseberry, gooz'-l)<4i-ii. 
 gorgeous, goi '-ji-as or gor'- 
 
 gorget, g«i'-.j6t,. 
 Gorgon, gOr -,i,'rtn. 
 gorilla, g(5-iii'-ia. 
 gormand or gourmand, 
 
 gOr'-maiuJ or gdr'-mand. 
 gospel, gOs'-pCl (not gaws'-). 
 
 gouge, g6j. 
 
 gourd, gArd. 
 
 gOiit, (taste) g6. 
 
 gouty, (HftV.'ctod with the 
 gout) gowt'-I. 
 
 government, guv'-ern-mCnt 
 (not gav'-or-iii6nt). 
 
 gramercy, Fr., g.a mer'-si. 
 granary, grftn'-ft-ii. 
 grandeur, giftml'yrr. 
 
 granter, gran'Uir. 
 
 grantor, grantor'. 
 graphite, graiTt 
 gratis, gia'-tis. 
 gratuitous, gi-a tu'-r ttta 
 gravamen, gra-va'-mfin. 
 gravel, g.av-ci (iu,t g.av'-i). 
 
 grease, (w.)gi-«a; (y.)gioz. 
 
 gregarious, gi<vga'.,.r-ftK. 
 Gregorian, gi«-go'-ii-aii. 
 grenade, gi6 nad'. 
 grenadine, gi-Gu'-a-din. 
 grew, gro (fwt giu). 
 
 grevioUS, grev'-ftg. 
 
 grimace, gii-mas'. 
 grimy, gri'-mi. 
 groat, gi dt. 
 
 ale, iiiS, fi!«, nm^, \mn), fAr, hdr, inOve, awl, owl, goiHl, l»ov. 
 
48 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOIIDUOOK. 
 
 Ill 
 
 grocer, grO'ser. 
 
 groschen, grosh'-n. 
 grotesque, gro-tssk'.. 
 grovel, grov'-i. 
 
 guano, goo-&'-nd (yr gwA'-no. 
 
 guardian, g&rd'-i-an. 
 guava, gw&'-va. 
 
 gubernatorial, gu'-ber-na- 
 to'-ri-ai. 
 
 guerdon, ger'-don. 
 
 guillotine, gil-lo-teu'. 
 
 gum-arabic, giiiu-ir'-a-hik. 
 gulch, g-filch. 
 gunwale, gtin'-si. 
 
 gutta-percha, gtit'-ta-pei'- 
 cha {not -ka). 
 
 gutteral, gtit'-tei-ai. 
 
 gymnasium, jim-na'-zi-Gm. 
 gypsum, jip'-siiin. 
 8^3^eJ»v; gyves, jivz. 
 
 Habeas Corpus, ha'-bg-s^ harem, ha'-rSm. 
 
 kttr'-pti& 
 
 habiliments, ha-bil'-i-mgntz. 
 
 Hades, ha'-dez. 
 
 haematite, hs'-mfirtrt. 
 haemorrhage, hem'-or-raj'. 
 halcyon, hai'-si^n. 
 half, h&f. 
 
 half-penny, ha'-pen-nj. 
 Hallelujah, hai'-ii-i6'-ya. 
 halloo or halloa, hai-ia'. 
 hallucination, hai-ld'-si-na'- 
 
 sh&n. 
 
 halo, ha'-l5. 
 
 handbook, hand'-book {not 
 han'-book). 
 
 handkerchief, han'-kei-chif. 
 handsome, hand'-siim. 
 harangue, ha-i-ang'. 
 harass, har'-as {not hiiras'). 
 harassed, har'-ast 
 har'-assing. 
 
 hasten, ha'-sn. 
 
 baunch, hawnsh or hansh. 
 haunt, hawnt or htlnt. 
 
 hauteur, ho-ter'. 
 hearken, hai -kn. 
 hearth, h&itli. 
 
 heathen, he'-thftn. but 
 heather, heth'-er. 
 
 heaven, h6v'-n. 
 Hebe, hg'-be. 
 hecatomb, hek-atom. 
 Hegira, he-ji'-ra or hej'-ra. 
 heigh-ho, hi'-ho. 
 height, hit {not hith). 
 heinous, ha'-nas. 
 heliotrope, lie'-li-s-trop. 
 
 Hellenic, hSi-le'-nik. 
 helot, hel' Ot or he'-lOt. 
 
 hemistich, hem'-i-stik. 
 hepatic, he-pat'-ik. 
 
 ftlo, me, file, \\bU\ pure, f&r, lior, move, awl, owl, good, boy^ 
 
vW6i 
 
 ORTHOEPY. 
 
 heptarchy, hcp'-tfti-ki. 
 herald, her'-aid. 
 
 heraldic, hg-.ai'-dik. 
 
 herb, herb or erb. 
 herbaceous, her-ba'-shHs. 
 
 herbage, her'-bej. 
 herbivora, lier-bi(v'-o-r&. 
 herculean, he -ku'-lc an. 
 hereditary, hs-icd'-i-ter i. 
 hero, he'-io. 
 
 heroic, he-io' ik. 
 heroine, hsr'-o in. 
 hexameter, heks-am'-s-ter. 
 hey-day, ha'-da. 
 
 hiatus, hi-a'-ttts. 
 
 hibernate, hi'-ber-nat. 
 Hibernian, hi-ber'-ni an. 
 hiccough, hik'-ttp. 
 hideous, hid' i-iis. 
 hierarch, hi'-er-ftrk. 
 hilarious, hi-la-ii U8. 
 hilarity, hi-lar'-i-ti. 
 Hindoo or Hindu, hin-d6'. 
 hippuric, hip-pu'-iik. 
 
 hirsute, her-sut'. 
 
 history, his'-t<j-ri (not hw- 
 tri). 
 
 histrionic, his'-trf-on'-rk. 
 
 holocaust, hOl'-5-kawat 
 
 homage, hom'-aj. 
 homely, hom'-ii. 
 
 homestead, hom'-stcd (not 
 -stid). ^ 
 
 49 
 
 homoeopathy, hs'-me-oi,'- 
 
 ho'-moBopath'-ic. 
 ho'-moeop-athist. 
 homogeneous, ho'-moje'- 
 
 ne-tis. 
 
 homonym, hom'-o-nim. 
 honest, on'&jt. 
 
 honour, On'-er. 
 
 horizon, ho-n'-zan (not hoK- 
 
 i-zn). 
 
 horologe, hor'-o-ittj. 
 
 hors de combat, hor'-dfi. 
 
 hortative, hoi'-tativ. 
 hospitable, hos'-pi-ta-bJ. 
 hostile, hos'-til. 
 hostler, os'-ier. 
 houri, how'-ri. 
 
 Hugenot, hu'.^6M6t or -no 
 
 humble, honi'-bi. 
 humour, u'-n.^r or hu'-mdr. 
 humus, hQ'-miiE. 
 
 hundred, hiin'^i-gd (not 
 
 I -durd). ^ 
 
 hungry, hUng'-gr! (not Mns'- 
 
 hurrah, hoor-rft'. 
 
 hurricane, hiir'-i-j-kau. 
 hussar, hooz-zAi'. 
 hybrid, hr-biid. 
 hydra, hf-di-a. 
 
 iijrviiivio, f II -una. 
 
 »le, m8, (tie, note, pare, f»r, 1,A-, ,„flve, awl, .,„!, goodT^ 
 
60 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 i )i 
 
 hydrogen, hi'-dro-jsn. 
 hydrography, hi-drog'-ra-fi. 
 hydrometer, hi-diom'-g-ter. 
 hydropathic, hi'-dro-path'- 
 
 !k. 
 
 hydropathy, hi-drop'-athi. 
 hydrophobia, hr-dro-fo'- 
 bi-a. 
 
 hydrostatics, hi'-dro-stat'- 
 iks. 
 
 hygiene, hi'-jen or hr-ji-en. 
 hygienic, hi'-ji-6n'-ik. 
 hymeneal, lu'-mgn-e'-ai. 
 
 hyperbole, hi-per'-i)6-le. 
 
 hjrperborean, hi'-pei-bo' e- 
 an. 
 
 Hyperion, hi-pe'-ri-on. 
 
 hypertrophy, hi-pei'-tio fr 
 
 hypochondriac, hip' 6- 
 
 kOn'-drl-ak. 
 hypocrisy, hi-pOk'-rl-sK. 
 
 hypotenuse, hi-i)Ot'-g-nus 
 
 (incoiiectly hypoth-). 
 
 hypothesis, hi-poth'-s-sis 
 
 hyssop, his'-siip. 
 
 hysteria, his-te-ri a. 
 hysterics, his-tci' iks. 
 
 iconoclast, i-kon'-o-kia^t. 
 
 idea, i-de'-a. 
 
 ideal, i-de'-ai. 
 
 idem, Id'-6rn. 
 
 identity, i den'-ti-ti. 
 Hes, idz. 
 idiom, id'-I-iini. 
 
 idiosyncrasy, id'-i-o-sing'- 
 
 ki-a-si. 
 idol, i'-aoi. 
 idyl or idyll, I'-da 
 igneous, ig'-m us. 
 ignis-fatuus, ig'-nis-ftt'-u 
 
 jis. 
 ignoble, tg'-no'-bl. 
 ignominy, ig'-no-mfn-!. 
 
 ignoramus, Ig'-nO ra'-mtta. 
 
 Iliad, il'-i-ad. 
 
 illative, ii'-la-tiv. 
 illegal, il-)e'-gai. 
 illegible, il-isj'-i-bl. 
 illusive, Il-l6'-alv. 
 illustrate, il-his'-trat. 
 illustration, ' I'-lGc-ti a' sluin. 
 imagery, im'-a-jer-i. 
 imbecile, im'-be-sel. 
 
 imbroglio, Tm-brOl -yO. 
 
 imitative, im'-i-ta-tiv. 
 immanent, im'-ma-r^nt. 
 immature, im'-inatur. 
 immediate, ini-ni6'-di-at {not 
 
 jat). 
 
 imminent, im'-mi-nSnt 
 immolate, im'-mo lat. 
 immunity, Xni-mu'-ni-ti. 
 immure, im-mur'. 
 
 &le, in§, flUi, iiOto, pQre, fAr, li^r, m6ve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 51 
 
 immutable, im-nm'-ta-bi. 
 imperturbable, im'-per- 
 
 fcerb'^bl. 
 
 impermeable, im-per'-me 
 a-bL 
 
 impetus, Im'-pg-tiia. 
 
 impetuous, im-pet'-u-iis. 
 impiety, im-pi'-g-ti. 
 impious, im'-pi-tts. 
 implacable, im-pia' ka bl. 
 implement, (v.) in.'-pig- 
 
 niSnt'; (w.) Im'-i.l6-m6nt. 
 
 implicate, sm'-piikat. 
 implicit, im-piis'-it. 
 
 import, (v.) iin-port'; (w.) 
 Im'-pOrt, 
 
 importune, Jm'-prt;-tun. 
 importunate, im-por'-tu 
 
 nat. 
 impost, Tm'-pOst. 
 
 imposture, im-pos'-tur. 
 impotent, Im^-p5-t6nt. 
 imprecate, im'-pi-g-kat. 
 imprecatory, im'-!>i6-ka' 
 
 ter-I. 
 
 impregnable, rrn-pi6g'.na- 
 
 bL 
 
 impresario, im'-prgsna'-rf^. 
 impress, (v.) im-prSs'; (».) 
 
 Im'-pr6s. ^ 
 
 imprimatur, rm'-prl-ma'-ter. 
 
 imprimis, rm-pn -nii8. 
 improbity, im-pi-ob'-r-ti. 
 
 impromptu, im-piomp'-tu. 
 improvident, rm-i)rov'-i 
 
 dSnt. 
 
 improvise, im'-pro-vgz'. 
 imprudence, im prd'-dgns. 
 impudent, im'-pu-dgnt. 
 impugn, rm-pun'. 
 impunity, im-pu'-niti. 
 inadequate, in'-ad'-g-kwat. 
 inadvertent, in'-ad-ver'- 
 
 t«nt. 
 
 inalienable, in-al' y6n-a-bl. 
 inamorata, in-am'-o-r&'-ta. 
 inapplicable, in-ap'-pir-ka- 
 
 bl. 
 
 inaugural, !n-aw'-gu-rftl. 
 inauspicious, in'-aw-spish'- 
 
 incalculable, in-kai'.ku-l«r 
 
 bl. 
 
 incandescent, in'-kan-des'- 
 
 incarnate, in-kftr'-nat. 
 incendiary, in-sSn'-di-arri. 
 incense, In'-ssns. 
 incentive, in-sen'-tiv. 
 inchoate, in'-ko^at 
 
 incisive, in-sr-siv, (not -zlv). 
 
 inclement, in-klgm'-Cnt 
 inclusive, in-kld -stv. 
 incognito, in-kog'-ni-to. 
 incoherent, in'-k^-he'-rgnt. 
 incommensurable, in'- 
 
 k0m-m6ii'-8u-ia-bl 
 
 4ie, m*. file, note, pu... fir, her, mdve, .wi,";;;;;;;;;;;;^ 
 
52 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 m 
 
 i^ 
 
 incommunicable, in'-kom- 
 
 mu'-nl-kabl. 
 
 incomparable, in-k5m'-i)a- 
 
 i*-bl. 
 
 incompatible, in'-kom p&t'- 
 
 I-bl. 
 
 incongruity in'-kon-grd'- 
 I-ti. 
 
 inconvenience, in'-kon-vg'- 
 
 nl-gns. 
 
 incorporeal, in'-kor-i)o'-i-6-ftl. 
 incorrigible, in-kor'-ri-ji-bl. 
 
 increase, In'-kres, {not In- 
 ki-6s'). 
 
 incredulous, in-ki6d' u-ltts. 
 increment, Iti'-kr6-ni6nt. 
 incriminate, in-krim'-i-nat. 
 incubate, in'-ka-bat. 
 
 in'cubus, In'-ku-biis. 
 
 indecorous, in'-de ko'-riSs. 
 indenture, in-d6n'.tur. 
 
 Indian, in'-dl&n or Jnd'-yan, 
 (not In'-jtin). 
 
 indicative, in-dik'-a-tfv. 
 
 indicatory, in'-di-ka'-ter-i. 
 
 indictment, in-dit'-m6nt. 
 
 indigenous, Xn-dij'-g-ntis. 
 
 indigent, in'-di-jent. 
 
 indisputable, i[a-diB'-i)u-t&- 
 bl. 
 
 indissoluble, In-dia'HSttl-u- 
 ble. 
 
 indite, in-dW. 
 
 indolent, in'-do-l6iit. 
 
 indomitable, in-dom'-i t&bl. 
 indubitable, in-du'-bi-t&-bl. 
 indurate, in'-da-iat. 
 industry, in'-dtts-tii. 
 industrial, Xn-dus'-trf-ai. 
 inebriate, in-e -bii-at 
 inefifable, in-gf-ftubl. 
 ineffaceable, in'-ef-fas'-a-bl. 
 inefficacious, in-ef'-fX-ka'- 
 
 shQs. 
 
 ineligible, in-el'-i-ji-bl. 
 
 inequitable, in-gk'-wi-ta bl. 
 
 ineradicable, iu'-6-iftd'-i[-k&- 
 bl. 
 
 inertia, In-er'-shj-a. 
 
 inestimable, in-6s'-tt-m&-bl. 
 
 inexhaustive, in' sgz-haws'- 
 
 tlv. 
 
 inexorable, in-sks'-o-i-a-bl. 
 inexpedient, !n'-6ks-i)e'-di- 
 
 Snt. 
 
 inexpiable, Jn-eks'-p? n-bl. 
 inexplicable, in-eks'-pli-ka- 
 
 bl. 
 
 inextricable, in-sks'-trf-ki- 
 bl. 
 
 infamous, in'-fii-miis. 
 
 infantile, in'-tan-til. 
 
 infecund, in-ftk'-iind. 
 
 infinite, in'-fi-nit. 
 
 infin'-ity. 
 
 indocile, in-dds il or !n-dd'-8ilJ infrequent, in-frg'-kwSnt. 
 
 ale, raS, file, nOte, pure, fftr, hdr, mdve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 ingenious. In-je'-ni-iis. 
 
 ingenuous, In-jCn'-u-iSs. 
 
 ingratiate, in-gia'-slii-at. 
 inhospitable, in-hos'-j.i-ta 
 
 bl. 
 
 inimical, In-i.n'-i-kai. 
 inimitable, in-im'-i-ta-bl. 
 iniquitous, in ik'-wi-tos. 
 initial, in ish'-ai. 
 
 innate, iir'-nat. 
 
 innoxious, in-nOk'-shi-tts. 
 
 innuendo, in'-a-sn'-do. 
 inoflBcial, rn'-of-fish'-ai, 
 inoperative, in-op'-per-a-tiv. 
 inopportune, in-op'-pc-tun. 
 inordinate, in-Oi '-di-nat. 
 inquiry, in kwi'-rf. 
 
 insalubrious, in'-sa-l6'-bii- 
 
 tis. 
 
 insalutary, in-sftl'-a tori. 
 insatiable, insa'-shi-n-bi. 
 inscrutable. in-.skrd'-ta-bi. 
 insects, in'-sektz. 
 insensate, in-sSn'-sst. 
 inseparable, in-s6p'-a-ra-bi. 
 insidious, in-sid'-i-as. 
 insignia, ]fn-.sig'-ni[-a. 
 insipid, in-sip'-id, 
 insolent, in'-so-lsnt. 
 insoluble, in-.soi -u-bl. 
 insouciance, Sng-soos'-e- 
 
 kngn. 
 insular^ !n'-su^!er. 
 
 63 
 
 integer, in'-tejer. 
 integral, in'-ts-grai. 
 integrity, in-tgg'-n ti. 
 intercalary, in-ter'-ka-lt-r-i. 
 
 interdict, in'-ter-dikt'. 
 
 interesting, in'-ttii -gst-ing. 
 
 interim, in'-ter im. 
 
 interlocutor, in-ter-iok'-u 
 
 tev, 
 interloper, Xn'-ter-lS'.per. 
 
 interlude, in'-ter-idd. 
 intermediary, in'-tSr-me'- 
 
 di-er-i. 
 
 interminable, in-ter'-mi-na- 
 
 bl, 
 
 intermittent, in'-tcr-mit'- 
 
 tfint. 
 
 international, in'-ter-nash' 
 
 ttn-al. 
 internecine, in'-ter-ne'-sln. 
 
 interpolate, in-tei'-po-iat. 
 interposition, in-ter'-po 
 
 zisb'-nn. 
 
 interpret, in-ter'-prgt. 
 interrogate, in-tei'-rft-gat, 
 but in'-terrog'-ative. 
 
 interstice, In-tdr'-stis or in'- 
 t^r-sti.s. 
 
 intervene, fn'-t(5i-ven'. 
 intestate, in-ten'-tat. 
 intes'-tacy. 
 intestine, in-tss'-tin. 
 intimacy, in'-ti tna-si. 
 intimidate, in-tim'-i-dat. 
 
 ftio, mS, me, note, pflre. r^r^r, mdve, .Wl~^:^{;^^;;^i;^ 
 
54 
 
 THK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 m 
 
 intituled, in tf-tuld. 
 intransmissible, lu' ti-&ns- 
 
 inis'-si-bl. 
 
 intransmutable, in'-trftns- 
 
 rau'-ta-bl. 
 
 intrepid, in-trgp'-id. 
 intrigue, Jn-treg'. 
 
 intrinsic, in trln'-sik. 
 
 intrusive, iu-tr6'-siv. 
 intuition, iu'-tu ish-ttn. 
 inundate, in-ttn -dat. 
 inure, in-ur'. 
 inutility, Jn'-a-til'-i-tt. 
 
 invalid, a. (null) in-vai'id; 
 
 inval'-idate. 
 
 invalid, «. (infirm ) in'-va-iad'. 
 
 inveigh, in-va'. 
 inveigle, Jn-vg'-gi. 
 
 inventory, in' v6n-ter-i. 
 
 inveterate, in-v6t'-ei-af.. 
 invidious, in-vid' i-iis. 
 inviolable, in-vi -o-'a-bl. 
 
 invocate, in'-vo-kat. 
 
 invoke, in-vok'. 
 involuntary, in-vol'-un- 
 
 ter-i. 
 iota, i-6'-iA. 
 
 ipecacuanha, ip'-e-kak'-u- 
 
 &n'-&. 
 
 ipse dixit, ip'-sS diks'-it 
 irascible, i-rSs'-si bl. 
 iridescent, I'-rf des'-sSnt. 
 
 iron, I'-ern, 
 
 irory, I'-rOn-i. 
 
 ironic, I-rOn'-Ik. 
 
 irradiance, ii-m'-dT-anH. 
 
 irreclaimable, ir'-re-kla . 
 ft-bi. 
 
 irreconcilable, Ir-r6k'-<in 
 8ii'-a-bi. 
 
 irrefragable, ir-rsr-ia-gabi. 
 
 irrefutable, ir'-rS-ia -ta-bl. 
 
 irrelevant, ii-rgl'.e v&nt. 
 
 irremediable, ir'-r6iue'-di- 
 a-bi. 
 
 irreparable. ir-r,^p'-a-r«rbl. 
 irrespirable, Tr-rgs'-pira-bl. 
 irrevocable. ir-rSv-o-karbl. 
 irritant, rr'ri-t&nt 
 isinglass, i'-zing-gian. 
 
 isochromatic, i'-so-kro- 
 
 mat'-Ik. 
 
 isochronous, i-sok'-i-onus. 
 isolate, I'-so-lat 
 isothermal, I'-so-ther'-mal. 
 Israelite, rz'-ra-€l-it 
 
 issue, ish'-shu. 
 
 isthmus, ist'-mtts. 
 Italian, i-tai'-yan. 
 italics, i-tai' Iks. 
 iteration, it'-er-a' shttn. 
 itinerant, i-tin'-ei-ant 
 
 I Ixion, iks-i'-On. 
 
 ale, m6, file, nOte, pure, t'Ar, h4r, aiOve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
OKTUOEPy, 
 
 06 
 
 jacinth, ja'-sintli. 
 jackal, jiik-"w). 
 
 Jacobin, jak'-o-l.in. 
 
 Jacobite, jak'-o-bit. 
 
 Jacobus, jft-ko'-lals. 
 
 Jacquerie, jjik'-i-r or zhAk'-it. 
 
 jaguar, ja<?-u-Ar or ja-gw4r'. 
 
 jalap, j.al'-ftp. 
 January, jan'-u-ftr-T. 
 Japanese, jap'-an-ez. 
 jargon, jai'-gon. 
 jasmine, jas'mTn. 
 jaundice, jawn'-dis. 
 jaunt, juwnt 
 javelin, jav'-iin. 
 jealous, jei'-iis. 
 jehu, j6'-hu. 
 jejune, Fr., je-jnn'. 
 jeopardy, j6p'-er-dr. 
 jeremiad, j6i'-6-mi'-ad. 
 Jerusalem, j6-r6 -sa-l6m. 
 Jesuit, j6z'-u-it 
 
 J. 
 
 jewellery, jo'-oi-cr-i. 
 jocose,. Jcvkos'. 
 jocular jok'-a-ier. 
 
 jOCUud. j<^k'-un<l. 
 
 jonquil, jon-kwii. 
 
 joust, jost or just. 
 
 jovial, jo'-vi-ai. 
 jowl, jol. 
 Judaic, jA (la'-ik. 
 judgment, jaj'-mcnt {not 
 
 mtlnt). 
 
 judicature, j6'-(ii-ka'-tur. 
 jugular, J6' ga-ler {not j%'-). 
 jujube, j6'-joob. 
 julap, j6'-iap. 
 
 junior, j6'-nl-er. 
 junta, jttn'-t& or joon'-ta. 
 
 juridicial, jd-rid' ik-ai. 
 justiciary, jfls-tish'-i-tii-i. 
 justificatory, jus'-ti-fr-ka'. 
 
 ter-i. 
 juvenile, j6-v6-nil or -nil. 
 
 kaleidoscope, kx-if-do- kilometre, kil'-e-me'-tr 
 
 skOp. 
 
 ke«'lson, kel'-sfin, 
 
 kept, kept (not kSp). 
 kettle, kSt'-l {not kit'-l). 
 Khan, kawn. 
 
 Khedive, ksd-ev'. 
 kilxL kil. 
 
 kinetics, kin-st'-iks. 
 
 kitchen, kitch'-«n {n/4 kitch' 
 
 knowledge, nol'-sj. 
 koumiss, kd'-mis. 
 
 kreutzer, kioyt'-ser. 
 
 ftle, ra6, fTle, nOto, pure, f&r, her, m6ve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
li 
 
 W V 
 
 58 
 
 TUK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOKD-IIOOK. 
 
 laboratory, l&b'-o.r&-ter-r 
 
 (no! la bOr'-). 
 
 labyrinthine, Iftb'-i-iinth'- 
 In. 
 
 lachrymose, irik'-ri-mos. 
 laconic, la-kon'-ik. 
 
 lacuna, l&-ku'-n&; pi lacu'- 
 nse, -ne. 
 
 lacustrine, la-ktts'-tiin. 
 lamentable, iam'-5n-t&-bl 
 
 (not la-mgnt'-). 
 
 landau, lan-cio'. 
 landlord, land-lftrd (not 
 
 lan'-lttrd). 
 
 Landwehr, lant -var. 
 
 Iang83nie, lan^-sln' (not -zln). 
 
 IcT gruage, lang'-gwaj (not 
 lan'-gwaj). 
 
 langour, I&ng'-gwer (not 
 lan'-gwer). 
 
 Laocoon, la-ok -o-on. 
 Laodamia, la'-od-a-tni'-a. 
 Laodicean, la'-ftd-r-se'-an. 
 lapsus hnguae, la^'-sus 
 
 Ilng'-gw§ 
 
 laringeal, !ar'-!ng-je'-ai. 
 
 larjmx, lar'-Ingks or W- 
 rlugks. 
 
 lascar, ISa-ker'. 
 
 latent, la'-tgnt. 
 lath, lath ; pL i&thz. 
 lathe, latli. 
 Latin, Jat'-ru (not l&t'-n). 
 
 laudanum, lawd a nttm (not 
 
 lOd'-). ^ 
 
 laughter, laf-ter. 
 launch, lansh. 
 laundry, lau'drif. 
 laureate, law'-re-at. 
 
 laurel, 10r'-61 or l,iw'-i-6l. 
 
 Laurentian, law-rgu'-shi-an. 
 lava, la'-va. 
 lazar, la'-zAr. 
 leaped, lept or icpt. 
 learned, lern'-«d. 
 
 lecture, lek'-tur or -choor. 
 leeward, le'-weid or lO -erd. 
 
 legate, I6g'-at (not le'-). 
 legend, Igj'-eud or le'-jgnd. 
 legerdemain, iei'-er-ds- 
 
 man'. 
 
 legible, isj'-i-bL 
 
 legion, le'-jttn. 
 
 legislative, isjMs-ia-tTv. 
 
 legislature, lej-is-la-tur. 
 
 legume, le-gum'. 
 
 leisure, ig'-zhoor. 
 
 lenient, le'-nWnt but len- 
 itiva 
 
 lethargy, isth'-ar-ji, but 
 lethar'-gic. 
 
 Lethe, le'-the. 
 
 lettuce, i6t'-tis (not ist'-tas). 
 levee, iSv'-e. 
 
 leverage, le'-vei-aj. 
 
 ale, ,ne, file, nOte, pure, ftr, her, mOve, uwl, owl, good, bov. 
 
 I! 
 
OKTJIOKPy. 
 
 57 
 
 leviathian, le-vi'-athan. 
 levin, ICv'-in. 
 
 Levite, le'-vit. 
 levity, I6v'-i-ti. 
 
 literature, iTt'-dr-atur. 
 lithography, lith og'-rft-fi. 
 litigious, ir-tij'-as. 
 litigant, lit'-r-g^ut 
 
 fi 
 
 Leyden-jar, la'- or If-dn-jftr. Uturgic, li-te.'-jik. 
 
 lex talionis, idks ta'-li-o'-nis. Uvelong, liv'-long, (not Irv'-). 
 
 liaison, W-g-z6tig 
 
 libation, ll-ba'-shtln. 
 
 libel, li'-bel (not li'-i.i). 
 
 libertine, lib'-er-tln or -tin. 
 
 licentiate, li-sgn'-shr-at. 
 
 lichen, Il'-ken or lich'-gn. 
 lictor, lik'-ter. 
 
 liej^ l6f. lieve, lev. 
 
 lien, le'-Sn or len. 
 
 lieu. 16. liege, lej. 
 lieutenant, lef-ten'-ant. 
 
 ligneous, lig'-ne-tls. 
 
 lilac, ii'-lak (not li'-iok). 
 liUiputian, iir-li-pu'-shun. 
 limn, lim. 
 
 lineage, lin'-s-aj. 
 lineal, iin'-gai. 
 
 lineament, Iin'-e-a-m6nt. 
 
 lingual, ling'-gwai. 
 
 linguist, ling'-gwist. 
 
 linguis'-tic. 
 
 linoleum, lin-ol-s-tiin. 
 
 liquor, llk'-er. 
 
 lissom or lissome, lls'-sUrn. 
 
 literary, iJt'-er-a-ri. 
 literati, pL lit'-er-a'-ti. 
 literatim, lit'-er-a'-tim. 
 
 livraison, /v., hv-vazoH,/'. 
 
 livery, llv-ei- 1 (not Uv'-rlj. 
 llanos, lA'-nOz. 
 
 loath, loth, loathe, loth. 
 loathsome, lo^/t-siiin. 
 locale, lo-kar. 
 
 location, lo-ka' shfln. 
 
 locum tenens, lo -kam ts'- 
 
 n6nz. 
 
 locus standi, lO'-kOs stan'- 
 di. 
 
 logarithms, pi. log '-a. 
 
 r'thmz. 
 
 logc nachy, lo-gom'-a-ki 
 
 loita) , loy'-ttjr. 
 
 'or,gevity, lon-jSv'-i-tL 
 longitude, lon'-ji-tad. 
 long-lived, idng'-livd. 
 
 loquacious, lO-kwa'-shtls. 
 
 lorgnettes, /v., pi., lom- 
 
 ySts'. 
 lottery, lOt'-ter-i (not Ifit'. 
 
 ri). 
 
 louis d'or, 16'-I dOr, 
 lounger, lownj'-er. 
 lower, (to bring low) lo'-tJr. 
 lower, (to overcast) lowr. 
 
 ale, me, file, iiOta, pure, fAr, hdr, m6ve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
58 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 J* 
 
 '- 
 
 lozenge, loz'-finj. 
 
 lubricate, lO'-bn-kat. 
 lucid, l6'-8id. 
 lucid'-ity. 
 Lucifer, ir/ si-fer. 
 lucrative, 16 -kiativ. 
 
 lucre, Id'-ker. 
 
 lucubration, id-ku-bi*'- 
 
 shtin. 
 
 ludicrous, Id'-di krtts. 
 lugubrious, lA-^a'-br^-us. 
 lukewarm, 16k'-wawiin. 
 
 lullaby, mi'-a-bi; lullabies, 
 
 pl. -biz. 
 
 luminous, id-mi-ntis. 
 luminiferous, id'-mi-nifier- 
 
 j lunatic, i6'-na-tik. 
 
 I lunch, Itinsh. 
 
 luncheon, iflnsh' an. 
 lunge, iftnj. 
 
 lupercalia, lo'-pcr-ka -II-a. 
 lurid, Idr'-id. 
 luscious, liish -as. 
 lustre, las'-ter. 
 
 lusus naturSB, Id'-siis nil- 
 tu'-rg. 
 
 lute, idt. 
 
 Lutheran, l6'-ther-an. 
 luxuriant, lfig-zu'-ii-&iit. 
 luxury, ittks'-u-ii. 
 lyceum, li-se'-jSm, {not U'.). 
 Lyonnaise, le'-an-naz'. 
 lyre la*. 
 
 magnolia, mSs-nft'-ir-a. 
 Mahomet, n.a'-iiom-tit. h,, 
 Mahom'-etan. 
 
 maintain, man-tan'. 
 
 maintenance, man'-t^n- 
 
 fins. 
 
 Machiavelian, mftk'-i & vsi'- 
 y&n. 
 
 machination, ni&k'-i-na- 
 
 shiin. 
 
 macrocosm, mak'-ro-kozm. 
 
 Madeira, m&Uo' r& or mftr 
 da -i-ft. 
 
 Mademoiselle, m&.r-md-&- majolica, mft-jfii'-tka. 
 
 **'; malachite, mar-ft-kft, 
 
 maelstrom, uial'strom. mal h propos, mal-ap'-,>,.6. 
 magazine, mag -a-zsn. |mi'. 
 
 mAgi,m&'-ji. malaria, n.a-la -ri-a. 
 
 Magna Oharta, n.ag'-na malign, mfirim'. 
 
 kAr'-t&. 
 
 magnesia, mag-ne' shi^L 
 
 mall (a public walk), mawl, 
 
 He, m«, file, aOte, pttre, fUr, h^r, m6ve. awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 59 
 
 mamma, ni&-ni&' (not mam'- 
 mii). 
 
 mammillary, mam '-mil- 
 
 ler-I. 
 
 mandarin, man'-tl&ren'. 
 
 manes, (L. pi.) m&'-nez. 
 
 manganese, m&n'-g&n-ez. 
 
 manger, man'-jer. 
 
 mangy, man'-jt 
 mania, ma'-ni-L 
 maniacal, ni&-iit'-&k]. 
 Manichean, man'-i-ke an. 
 manceuvre, ma-nd'-ver. 
 
 manor, mftn'-er. 
 
 mansard-roof, m&n'-s&rd- 
 rdf. 
 
 mantua-maker, m&n'-tu- 
 
 m&'-ker. 
 
 manure, m&ntir'. 
 marasmus, ma-rftz'-mtss. 
 mar6chal, mai'-a-shal. 
 mareschal, m&r-Hhai. 
 marigold, raar-'-i-gold. 
 marine, in&-r6n'. 
 marital, m&r'-i-tai. 
 maritime, mar'-i-tim. 
 
 market, m&i'-kdt (not m&r'- 
 
 klt). 
 
 marque, mArk. 
 marquee, ni&r-ke'. 
 marquis, mfti-'-kwiB. 
 
 marvel, mAi'-vfil (not mAr'- 
 
 ^1\ 
 
 masculine, mfts'-ku lln (not 
 mfts'-ku lin). 
 
 massacred, nia8'-8&-kcrd 
 
 (not m&H'-sa-kred). 
 
 massacring, mafi'-s&kring 
 
 {not mfts'-.sft-ker-iiig). 
 
 master, maH'ter. 
 matins, mat'-inaL 
 matinee, mat'-in-ft. 
 matrice, ma'-tris. 
 
 matrix, ma -triks (not mftt'- 
 rlksV 
 
 matron, nia'-ttOn (not m&i'- 
 rOn). 
 
 matronal, ma'-tron ai. 
 mattress, mat'-res (not 
 
 m&tr&s'). 
 
 matutinal, mat' u-ti'-n&l. 
 
 mausoleum, maw-sO-le'-tlm. 
 
 mauvais honte, mo-vg 
 
 ZAnngt. 
 
 mayoralty, m&'-^r&l-tl 
 measure, mozh'-oor. 
 mechanist, mek'-ftn-fet (not 
 
 m6-kanM8t). 
 
 Medici, mSd'-e-chs. 
 medisBva^ med'-i-g'-val. 
 medicinal, niCHliB'-i-n&l (not 
 
 m6d-€-Hi'-nal). 
 
 medicine, mfici'.i-sTn (not 
 
 mCd'-sfln). 
 
 mediocre, me -dw-ker. 
 
 — .-.' ^1 / _jj 
 
 liio 'Uiuu -rii y. 
 
 ale. mS, file, note, pire, fAr, h«r, mdvo, awl, ovrl, gool, h 
 
 ov. 
 
60 
 
 THB HIGH SCHOOL KNOLI8H WOKD-HOOK. 
 
 I 
 
 I'" 
 
 I 
 
 H 
 
 medium, mS'-di-iini, (not miasmn my - . X / 
 
 meerschaum, mer'-sha.n. l^f^Sf' - "'^'^'-^'-"'^•^ 
 
 m§16e, n.a'-!a. i ' '"' -'^^'-"'•^«)- 
 
 meliorate, mel'-yo-nit. Jl?^??^^' , '"•'^'■^-kop 
 
 „ "^ ! V^^ nilk'-r0-8ko|)). Ho mi'- 
 
 me low, mci'-io {not mei'- cro-scop'-io, mi'-cro- 
 
 II). 
 
 melodeon, mg-lo'-de-on. 
 melodrama, ijicr-o-dr&m'-i 
 memoir, mem'-wawr. 
 
 memory, mSm'^rl {not 
 mSm'-rl). 
 
 menace, men'wia. 
 menagerie, m6n4j'-«i-i m- 
 
 mfin&zli'^r-l. 
 
 meningitis, in6nMng-j!'-<;rH. 
 mensurable, men'-sar-s-bl. 
 mensuration, mfin'-su-ia'- 
 
 shtUi. 
 
 mercantile, mer-'kau-til (not 
 
 niSr'-kan-tfil). 
 mesmerize, mSz'-mer Iz {not 
 
 m«s'-mer-iz). Somesmer'- 
 
 ic, mes'-merism. 
 messieurs, mes'-yerz. 
 metal, mst'-ai or mfit'-i 
 metamorphose, mW-k- 
 
 metonymy, rue-ton -r-mi or 
 
 m6t'-d-nlin-l. 
 
 metropolitan, met/ r5.|)0i'. 
 
 X-tftii {not «ig'-tr5-j>rtl'.i.tiin). 
 
 meazotint, mez-zft-tint or 
 met'-zo-tlnt. 
 
 scop-ist. 
 midwifery, mid'-wif-ri. 
 Mikado, inik&'-ua 
 Milan, mii'-fin. 
 
 milch, nillch. 
 
 mineralogy, min'-er-&i'-oji 
 
 {not mIn''<1r-<ir-6-jr). 
 
 miniature, niia'-i-tar. 
 minotaur, mrn'-o-tawr. 
 minus, mr-niss. 
 
 minute, {adj.) ml-nuf (yr mi- 
 nut'. 
 
 minute, (n.) min'-lt 
 
 miracle, inIr-&-kl {not mer'- 
 ft-kl.) 
 
 miraculous, raj-i&k'-aias 
 
 {not ml-rftk'.Q-liia). 
 mirage, ml-iAzh' (not mlr'-aj). 
 
 misanthrope, mia'-an-tlirop 
 
 {not mlz'-ftu-thrOp nw mla- 
 an'-throp). 
 
 mischievous, mia'-chiv-fls 
 
 {not mlH-ch6v'-tiH). 
 
 misconstrue, niis-kfin'-sti-o 
 
 {not mIs-kOn-Htixx)'). 
 
 miscreant, miB'.krg-ftnt. 
 Miserere, nirz'-«r-g'-i-fi. 
 
 misery, mrz'^r-f {not mfz' rO. 
 
 »l", ...«. ffle, „ot., ,.a„,, nr. hdr. n.«™. ,.wl. owl. «ood, hoy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 61 
 
 miougynist, mis^g'.i-nfst. 
 mistletoe, miz'-i-to (not 
 
 mis'-). 
 mitten, mlt'-ten (not mW-n). 
 mnemonics, ng-mon'-iks. 
 mobile, mo'-biL 
 moccasin, mok'-ft^in. 
 Mocha, ino'-ka. 
 
 model, mod' ei or mOdM. 
 
 modest, mod-sst. 
 moiety, moy'-s-tr. 
 
 moisten, moys'-n (not -tn). 
 
 molecular, mO-lek'-u-ler (not 
 mo-lS'-ku-lar). 
 
 molecule, mOl'-g-kuI (not 
 kul nor md'-Ift-kul). 
 
 mollient, mOl'-ygnt or mOl'- 
 Il-«nt. 
 
 momentary, m6'-m8nt-er-i 
 (not m6-m6nt'-ft-rf). 
 
 monad, mOn'-ild (not mO' 
 n&d). 
 
 monetary, mttn'-«-ter-I or 
 mOn'-*-ter-r. 
 
 monosyllabic, mon'-o-si- 
 
 l&b'lk. 
 
 monsieur, mos^u'. 
 monument, mon'-umcnt 
 
 (not mOn'-i-ii)6nt). 
 
 morale, mo-rkv. 
 
 morphine, mOr'-fIn (not 
 mOr'-fen). 
 
 morsel, mOr' sgl (not m5i'-8l). 
 
 mortal, mOr'-tai (not mOi'-tl). 
 
 Mosaic, md za'-Ik, 
 
 Moslem, mfiz'-lSm (not m<fe'- 
 I6in). 
 
 mosquito, mos-ks'-to. 
 
 moth, mOtli ; moths, m6thH. 
 
 mountain, mownt'-rn or 
 -an. 
 
 mountainous, mown'-tin. 
 
 tts (not mown-ta'-ni-u8). 
 mouths, (n. pL) mowthz. 
 
 multiplicand, mttl'-ti-plr- 
 
 kftnd'. 
 
 multiplication, mttl'-ti-pii- 
 
 , , ka'-8httn. 
 
 "^moft. '"'"«'-^'^' ^"^' I multitude, mai'-tuad. 
 monogram, mon -o-gram municipal, mu-., h' r.,,ai {not 
 
 (not mO'-nO-gi-aiii). 
 
 monograph, mon'-ogiiif 
 
 (not m6'-u0-graf ). 
 
 monologue, mon'-o log. 
 monomania, mon'-o ma'ni 
 
 ma'-nlH8lp-ai. 
 
 munificent, ma-nif-i-sfint. 
 murderer, miii-'-<jer-^r (not 
 
 mttr'-drer). 
 
 muscovado, mtts -ko-v&'-do. 
 
 a {not iiifl luVma'-nl a). Ho museum, mQ-z6'-ttm (tiot 
 
 monomaniac, mon'-o- mu'-zft-ttm). 
 
 raa-ni-ak. 1 Musflulman •nftu'-fti-"**^ 
 
 ! t 
 
 # 
 
 ftle, tnfi, file, nnu^ jMlro, fAr. I)dr, mdve, awl. owl. goo«l, \my. 
 
a 
 
 62 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Pi 
 
 i| 
 
 
 mustache or moustache, 
 
 mfis-tft-sh' or inoos-tfish'. 
 
 myopia, mi-o'-pi-*. 
 
 Naiad, n4'-y«cl or nl'-ad. 
 naive, nA'-ev {not nav). 
 
 naively, uA-ev-ii. 
 
 nape, nap (not nftp). 
 
 naphtha, nftp'-tha. 
 narrate, nftr-iat'. 
 narrow, n&r'-io. 
 
 nasal, na'-zul (not na'-sal). 
 
 nascent, nas'-«nt (not na'- 
 sfint). 
 
 national, n&sh'-ttn-ai (not 
 
 na'-shun-al). ^ 
 
 nature, na'-tar or -choor. 
 nausea, naw'-shl^i (not naw'- 
 
 «e ft). So nau'-se-ate. 
 
 nauseous, naw'^hus or iiaw'. 
 Hhl-iis. 
 
 nearest, ngi'-cst (not -ist). 
 nebula, neb'-a-ia, pi, .]e. 
 necrology, nek-ifli -o-ji, but 
 
 ne-crol-o-gist. 
 nectarine, nok -t«r-ia. 
 n6e, Fr., na. 
 
 ne'er, nar (tiot nfir). 
 
 nefSarious, ue fa' rf-tts. 
 
 n6glig6, Fr., 1 a'-gle'-zhft'. 
 
 negotiate, ne go -Hhi-at. So 
 ne-go'-ti-a-ble, ne-go'- 
 ti-a-tion. 
 
 N. 
 
 myrmidon, mer'-mi don. 
 mythology, mith-<jl'-<i-ji (not 
 
 nu-thOl'-O-ji). '' ^ 
 
 neighbouring, na'.i)er.ing 
 
 (7iot na'-bring). 
 
 neither, ne'-thev w wV-thw. 
 Nemesis, nSm'-gsis. 
 nephew, ngv'-a. 
 nepenthe, ne-pgn-ths. 
 
 nepotism, nCp'-O-trzm or ne'- 
 
 nescience, nSsh'-i-fina 
 
 nestle, nCs'-l (not nes'-tl). 
 
 nethermost, ng/A'-oi-most 
 
 (not n6th'-er-nif)Ht). 
 
 neuralgia, nu .ai'-jfa („o< 
 
 nu-iftl'-jj nor nu-iai'-i-ji). 
 
 neuter, nu'-ter (not noo'-ter). 
 
 neutral, nu-tial Inot noC- 
 trftl). 
 
 new, nu (viot noo). 
 
 newspaper, miz'.pa'-pdr 
 
 (not noos'-pa'-pdi). 
 
 niche, nich. 
 
 nicotine, nik'-O-trn (not nlk'- 
 O-ten). 
 
 nihilist, nf-hrl-ist. 
 noblesse oblige, /v., n^- 
 
 bl6s' O-blezh'. 
 
 nomad, nOm'ftil (not no-. 
 mad') ; but no-iiiad'-ic. 
 
 nomenclature, no-msn- 
 kla'-tar. 
 
 ale, me, filH. note, pO,t,, fAr, her, mdve, awl. owl, good, boy." 
 
ORTHOEPT. 
 
 fs 
 
 nominative, nom'-i-nft-tiv 
 
 {vol iiOui'-nft-tiv). 
 none, nin {not non). 
 
 nonpareil, nou'-pa-rel. 
 noose, ndz. 
 
 nosology, nO-sOl'-O-jI or nd- 
 
 zol'-o-ji. 
 notable, no'-tft-bL 
 Notre Dame, na'-tr dam. 
 
 nothing, nith'-ing {not iiOtli'- 
 novel, nOv'-«l (no« nftv'-l). 
 
 novitiate, no-vish'-i-at {not 
 
 nO-vl'-Hhat). 
 
 nucleus, nu-kis-a& 
 
 nuisance, nu'-sans {not noo'- 
 
 numerous, nu'-mer-tls (not 
 noom'-iiis). 
 
 numismatics, nu'-mis-ni&t'- 
 
 iks. 
 nuncio, ntln'-shi-O. 
 
 nimcupative, nQn-ka'-pft. 
 
 tiv. 
 nuptial, nttp'-sh&l {not nflp'. 
 
 chai), 
 nutriment, na'-tri-ment {not 
 
 noo'-tii meat). So ju'-tri- 
 
 tive, Inu nu-tri-tious. 
 nu-tri'-tion. 
 
 o. 
 
 Oasis, o-a' sTs. 
 
 oath, oth {not bth). oaths, 
 
 bthz {not Oths). 
 
 obdurate, oi/Hlu-rst. So 
 
 ob'-du-ra-cy. 
 obeisance, o-ba-siins. 
 obeUsk, ob'-g-lisk. 
 Oberon^ o'-lnji-dn. 
 obese, 5-bss'. 
 obit, o'-bit 
 
 obligatory, fib'-lig-ater-l 
 oblige, oblij'. 
 oblique, d»)-l6k'. 
 obloquy, ob'-io-kwi. 
 
 obsequious, Ob-se'-kwl&s. 
 
 obsolete, ob'-so-igt. 
 obstinacy, ob'-sti-nft-d. 
 obstreperous, ob-Htrep'-er- 
 
 obstruct, Ob-Rtrfikt'. 
 
 obtrude, ob-ti <3d'. 
 obtuse, ob-tus'. 
 obverse, ob'-vSi-g. 
 obviate, ob'-vi-at, ob'-vl- 
 
 ous. 
 occasion, ttk-ka' shttn. 
 
 Occident, Ok'nai^lent^ 
 occult, ok kttit'. 
 
 obscene, db-sen', hvi ob- 1 Oceanic, o' she-Jin'-nc. 
 
 scen-ity. 
 obsequies, ob'-s6-kwiz. 
 
 octagon, flk-tA-gOn, hvi 
 
 v»f-.fl.cr'_rMr»ol 
 
 ale, ni6, fll«, nOtu, pflre, fUr, her, ni6ve, awl, owl, good, 
 
 i*oy. 
 

 64 
 
 TIIK HIGH SCHOOL BNOLISH WOKI) BOOK. 
 
 r If 
 
 ,|| 
 
 
 octavo, <')k ta'-vO. 
 
 octosyllabic, ok'-to-Aii-i&h' 
 
 OCUlPT, 6k'-u-ler. 
 
 OCUlifbrm, d-ku'-li-fawim 
 Odeon, 0-<Je'-6n. 
 
 Odin, o'-din. 
 
 odious, f/-di-ttg. 
 
 odium theologic^jm, c- 
 
 dl-ttm the'-O-loj'i .im. 
 odoriferous, O'-der-if -er as. 
 
 Odyssey, od'-is-Hi. 
 oesophagus, e-sof'-a-gtis. 
 offertory, of-fei-tei-L 
 official, df-fish'-fii. 
 officinal, off is' i-n«l. ^ 
 ogle, o'-gi. 
 
 oleaginoiie, d'-ls&j'-i.ntis. 
 oleflant, ^-ig'-fwut. 
 oleomarga me, o -le-o m&r'. 
 
 g&r-iii. 
 
 olfactory, t^I'-fuk'-t^r-i 
 oligarchy, cJ' i-g&i-ki 
 olio, 6'-lf-5. 
 
 ollapodrida, ollA' po-di^/- 
 
 dA. 
 
 CI Tmpiad, o-lim' pi-ad. 
 omtilette or omelet, onr- 
 
 ••Jftiii ar dm'-l6t. 
 
 omen, o'-men, btu om -in- 
 cus. 
 
 Omni (a pre/u('\ Om'-nl. 
 
 omniscient, oit» nrah'-i-cut 
 
 omnium gatherum, ttw- 
 
 nl-ilm gath'-er-flia. 
 once, wiins. 
 
 onerous, fin'-ei-tis. 
 
 only, oii'-ll, (not ttn'-ll). 
 
 onomatopoeia, ou'-o-mato- 
 onus proband! o'-nHa pro- 
 
 bin'-di. 
 
 onyx, Oil -ik& 
 Oolite, o'6-lit, 
 opal, o'-pai. 
 op,?^que, 5-pak'. 
 optia, op'-ia. 
 ophicleide, of-r klid. 
 ophidian, ofM'-tan. 
 
 ophthalmia, m?,hai'-mi-a 
 opiate, d'-pi-at 
 
 opine, 6 j In', 
 opodeldoc, op'-o-deiMoi 
 
 opossum. 6-|)0H'H3Qm. 
 opponent, Op-|»d' ngnt. 
 
 opportune, op'-poi-tun. 
 opposite, op'-po-zit(«o<.8ii). 
 opprobrious, 6p-piti'.bii-a(;. 
 oppugn, op-puii'. 
 
 optimism, op' ti-mizra. 
 opulent, op'-u-i6nt. 
 opuscule, o-i)Q8'-kuI. 
 oracle, oi'-a-kl, bm o-raC- 
 ular. 
 
 orang-outang, o-iang'-oo- 
 
 tang^ 
 
 4ie, me, nie, nOte, pQ,^, fAr, hdr, mdve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 65 
 
 oration, O-ra-shtin, but or'- 
 atory. 
 
 oratorio, or'-«-to'-i w. 
 
 orchestra, Or'-kes-trft but 
 
 or-ches'-tral. 
 orchid, or -kid, also orchis. 
 
 Oi^-kla 
 
 ordeal, Oi-'-dS-ai (not Or-de'- 
 XI). 
 
 ordinance, or'-di-n&ns. 
 ordinary, Or'-di-ni-ri (not 
 
 Ord'-nft-ri). 
 
 ordnance, fird'-nans. 
 organ, or'-g&n, but organ'- 
 
 orgies, Or'-jfe (not Or'-j6z). 
 
 orifice, or'-i-fis. 
 
 Orion, 5-ir-ttn (not 5' ri-ttn). 
 
 orison,' Cr'-I-zOn (not Or'-i- 
 sttn). 
 
 ormolu, Or'-nitt-lO'. 
 
 ornate, Or'-nat or Or-nat'. 
 
 orotund, O'-rO-taud or Qr-a- 
 tttud'. 
 
 Orphean, Or-fg' ?in. 
 
 orpheon, oi'-fe (Jn. 
 
 orthoepy, Or'-tho^pi or ov 
 thd'-e-pi. So or'-tho-e- 
 pist or ortho'epist. 
 
 Osiris, «B-i'-ri8. 
 
 ostentatious, Os'-tsn-ta'- 
 
 shfls (not aw8-). 
 ostler, Os'-Ier. 
 
 ostrac 5m, os'-tia sTzm. 
 
 OStricn, Os'-tiJch (not <te'.trfj 
 nor aws'-trlch). 
 
 ought, awt (not ort). 
 oust, owst (not oost). 
 
 outr6, d'-tra. 
 ovation, 6-va'.*httn. 
 overseer, o'-vor-ssr'. 
 
 overt, 6'-\drt (no< O-verf). 
 overthrow, O'-ver-tln-O' (not 
 O'-ver-thi-u'). 
 
 oxide, Oks'-Id or Oks'-Id. 
 oyer, O'-yer (not oi'-er). 
 
 P. 
 
 Pacha or Pasha, pS-sha'. , paladin, j^al'-a-drn. 
 pacification, pa-aif-i-ka'- P^^.^^^^' i>^^* -r. 
 
 shttn. 
 
 pacificator, pa-sif'-r-ka'-ter. 
 pageant, paj'-«nt or i>a'-j6nt; 
 
 but pag'-eant-ry. 
 
 ^CUOVC, ji^U -OS, 
 
 Palestine, i)ai'.«8-tin rno< 
 
 palfi-ey, pawl'-frl or pai'.frf. 
 
 palisade, pai'-i-sad. 
 palliative, pai'-ii-ft-tiv. 
 palm, pi 
 
 (• 
 
 ale, ma, ftle> note, 
 
 t: 
 
66 
 
 THE HIOU SCHOOL ENQLISll WORD-DOOK. 
 
 palmy, p4m'-l (not p&m'-l nor 
 
 pai'-ml). 
 palsied, pawl'-zld (not p&l'. 
 
 Sid). 
 
 paltry, pawl'-tri. 
 paneg3rric, pftn'-e-jir' ik. 
 
 pannier, pftn'-yer or p&n'-nl- 
 er. 
 
 panorama, p&n'-o-rft'-ma. 
 pantaloons, p&n'-taicnz'. 
 Pantheon, pftn'-thg-on. 
 pantechnicon, pftn-tek'-ni- 
 
 kto. 
 
 pantisocracy, pan'-ti-sok'. 
 
 pantomime, p&n'-to-mimi 
 papa, p&pa' (not p&'-p)ft. 
 papier-mach6, pap'-ya-mft'- 
 
 sha. 
 
 papoose, p8-i)dz'. 
 pap3rrus, papi'-riia 
 parabola, pa-i-ab'-o-ia. 
 paraboUcal, par'-a-hoi'-x-kai. 
 parachute, pai'-a-shot'. 
 Paradise, par'-a dia. 
 paraflElne, pftr'-a-f in (not li&v'- 
 af-fen). 
 
 parcel, par'-sSl (not pftr'-sl). 
 
 paregoric, par'-e-gor'-ik. 
 parent, pa'-rsnt (not par'- 
 
 8nt) ; but par'-ent-age. 
 parenthesis, pa-rgn'-th&«i8, 
 
 but par'-enthet -ic. 
 
 parhelion, pAr hol'-ytin or 
 p&r-he'li-On. 
 
 Pariah, p&r'-i-a or pa'-ri-& 
 parietal,pa-ri'-6-tai. 
 Parisian, pa-riz'-i an. 
 parlance, pAr' lans. 
 parley, pftr'-lr. 
 
 Parliament, pftr'-li-ra6nt 
 parochial, pa-io'-kial. 
 parody, par'-o-di, but 
 
 parod'-ic. 
 Parmesan, pftr'-mc-zan'. 
 parole, pa-roi'. 
 
 paronomasia, pftr'6-no-ni&'- 
 
 zhl[.&. 
 
 paronym, par'-o-nim. 
 parotid, r)&-rot-id. 
 parquet, p&r-ka' or pAi'-ket. 
 parterre, pftr-tar'. 
 Parthenon, pftr'-thg-nttn. 
 partial, pftr'^hai. 
 partiality, [)ar'-8hi-ai'-!-ti. 
 
 participle, pai'-ti-si-pl (not 
 
 part'-.sr|)-i). 
 
 partisan, pAr'-tl-zftn (not p&r- 
 tI-/An'). 
 
 partner, pArt'-ner (not pArd 
 ner). 
 
 partridge, pAr'-trfj (not p&i 
 
 rij, nor i)Ar'-trIch). 
 
 parvenu, pAr'-vg-nd'. 
 Pasha, pa-shA' or pa'-sha. 
 pasquinade, jiaH -kwin-id. 
 pass6, pas'-8&. 
 
 Ale, m6» file, nOte, pure, fAr, her, mdve, awl, owl, good, boj. 
 
 If 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 67 
 
 Pa43SOVer, pfis'-o-ver. 
 
 pastel, p&i'-tel. 
 pastil, pastel'. 
 p€U3tinie, pfis'-tiin. 
 
 patent, i)ftt'-6nt or pa'-tent. 
 patentee, p&f- or pa'-t6n'-te. 
 
 paterfamilias, pa'-ter-m- 
 
 mIlM-4s. 
 
 paternal, pS-ter'-nJll. So 
 
 pater'nity. 
 Paternoster, pat'-er- or pa'- 
 
 ter-nOs'-Wr. 
 path, pftth (not pft<A); pL 
 p&thz (not piths). 
 
 pathos, pa'-thOs (not p&th'- 
 Os). 
 
 patois, p&t'-waw. 
 
 patriarch, pa-tri Ark. 
 patrimony, pat'-rf-mo-ni 
 
 (not i)a'-tri-mtt-ni). 
 
 patriot, pa'-tri-dt (not pat'- 
 
 ri-«t). So pa'-tri-ot'-ic. 
 patriotism, fA'-trf-otizm 
 
 {not pat'-rl-5t-rzm). 
 
 patron, pa'-ti-on (not pat'- 
 i-On). So pa'-troness. 
 
 patronize, pat'-i-on-iz or !«'- 
 trtin-iz. So pat'-ronage 
 
 peculiar, i)6-kQi'-yar or pe- 
 
 ku'-li-ar. ^ 
 
 peculiarity, pe-kui'-i-Sr'-r-tr. 
 pecuniary, pe ka' ni-«.rr. 
 pedagogism, i>€d'-a-gog-i2m 
 
 (not iied'-u-go-jizm). 
 
 pedagogue, ^jd'a-gog. 
 pedagogy, i)€<r-a-go-ji oi- 
 
 pSd'-a-gftj-i. 
 pedal, (adj.) p€'-dai: (n.) 
 
 i^rai. 
 
 pedant, i)€d'-5nt, but ped- 
 
 an'-tic. 
 pedestal, p6<l'-6s-tai. 
 Pegasus, i)6g'-a-sii& 
 pellucid, i)6l-ld'-sW). 
 penance, i)Cn'.an8. 
 Penates, pe-na'-tez. 
 
 penchant, pkng-nhkng'. 
 pencil, i)Sn'-sJl (not pfin'-sl). 
 
 penitentiary, p6n'-i-t6n'- 
 
 shar-i {not i>Sn'-i-tfin'-8hI-a- 
 ri). 
 
 pentameter, pSn-tam'-g-t^r. 
 
 penult, pe'-iittlt or p6-nfilt'. 
 
 penury, p6n'-u-ii, btu penu'- 
 noua 
 
 n^ony. pe'-(>-nl. 
 
 paunch, p.wn.h. P-'-^-.teuch, p«n'.«ut(ik. 
 
 pean. or paan. ,.«'-«„. P-^nV^bra, p«- or ,*-nto 
 
 Pecoavi, p8k-k»'-vi. 
 
 
 bi-a. 
 
 peradventure, p6r'-&d- 
 
 - v.- I A *d / 
 
 veil -cur {^iioi piii '-). 
 
 ftle, me, file, nOto, i^re, fir, Ur, mdve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
 I 
 
68 
 
 TIIK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOUD-BOOK. 
 
 m 
 
 perdu, perdu'. 
 
 peremptory, p«r'-8inp-ter-i 
 
 {not p<5 iCiup'-tO-rf). 
 
 perfect, (v.) pSi-'-ftkt or i)Si-- 
 
 fSkt'. 
 
 perfidious, p^r.fW'-J-tts. 
 perfume, («.) pei'-fum. 
 
 perfume, (v.) per-fum'. 
 
 perftmctory, per-fttngk- 
 
 ter-L 
 
 perhaps, p^r-hftps' (not 
 praps). 
 
 periodic, p«'-ri-5d'-ik. 
 peripatetic, p«r'-X-p&-t«t'iK 
 
 periphrase, pfir'-ifr&z ; also 
 
 periphrasis, p6r-if-i irfeis 
 
 (not pfir-I-fi-a'-rfs). 
 
 periphrastic, pSrM-frSs'-tik. 
 
 permit, (n.) ^v^mU; (v.) 
 p^r-mlt'. 
 
 Persian, p^i-'-shXn cr p^r'- 
 shi-an (not pSr' *u&n). 
 
 PersonsB. dramatis per- 
 
 SOnSB, drftin'-ft-tis p6r-sd' no. 
 
 persuasive, pdi-swa'-siv (not 
 
 peruke, p8r-dk'. 
 peruse, p6r-6z'. 
 pestle, pss'-ti or pes'-l. 
 petal, p«t'-&l. 
 petrel, p6t'-rel (not pe'-trC-F). 
 
 pewit, p6 -wit {not pd'-Xt). 
 
 phaeton, ft'-s-u>n (not ft'-). 
 
 phantasmagoria, fXn-tSs' 
 
 in&gO'-rl-a. 
 
 phalanx, fel'-Sngks. 
 pharmaceutic, far'-ma-sti'- 
 
 tik (not rar'-inil-ku'-tlk.) So 
 
 phar'-ma-ceu'-tist. 
 pharmacopcBia, fAi-' mft-k^- 
 
 p6'-a (not fir-mfirkO'-pe-ft). 
 
 philanthropy, flUn'-thio- 
 pi (not f I-). So phil-an'- 
 thro-pist, but phil'-an- 
 
 Jc^mlLjijQe, fll'-Is-tin or -tin. 
 
 philology, fil-«l'-^-ji (not 
 fs). So philol'-o-gist. 
 
 philosophy, fll-lfis'^fi (not 
 fi-). Sor'il ^^ v^phpr. 
 
 phlegm, mm. 
 
 phoenix, ft'-nika. 
 
 phonics, ftn'-iks or ft'-nlks. 
 
 phosphorus, fds'-fdi-iia. 
 photographer, f&-tog'-i-a- 
 
 fer (not ft)'-t5-gift-fer). So 
 
 pho-tog'-ra-phist. 
 Phrenological, fi6ti'-o-loj'-i- 
 
 k&l (wo< frfi-i (3-loj'-ik-al). 
 
 phthisis, thf-HiB. 
 phthisic, ti2'-ik. 
 physique, fl-sfik'. 
 physiognomy, fiss'l-og'-n^ 
 
 mi (not ffz'-I-0n'-5-u)!). 
 
 pianist;, pi-an'-ist (n i p«'. 
 
 &n-itii). 
 
 jt <i4.ino, pl-an'-Oi, 
 
 ale, infi, filo, note, pui-e, fir. h^r, r^iC- 9, awl, ow' goo^l, bi* 
 
ORTIIOBPT. 
 
 69 
 
 pianoforte, pWn'HU-fbr'tfi. plebeian ni«.h^'« 
 
 The pi-onunciation pMln'<V. p ! ^ P^^^'-^n, 
 
 ftrt, so often heard/is not ^^f^^^S, plS'-yiUigz or pli' 
 sanctioned by the ortlioe- ^'"^^"^ 
 
 mafo 
 
 piats. 
 piazza, pl-ftz'-zi 
 pibroch, p«'-br6k. 
 picayune, pik a-nn'. 
 
 picture, pik'-tOr or -ohoor. 
 
 pigeon, pXj'-ttn. 
 pilaster, pi-Wt^r, 
 
 pincers, pln'-s^rz (not pln'- 
 sherz, unless spelled pin- 
 ehera). 
 
 pinchbeck, pinsh'-bsk (not 
 
 pinsh'-bak). 
 
 piony, i)r-o-ni; also peony, 
 
 pe'-O-nr, is a better spellinLr 
 und pronunciation. 
 
 piquant, pe'-kint. 
 pique, p6k. 
 piqu6, pek'4L 
 pismire, prZ-mir. 
 pkcable, pia'-kft-bl or piak'- 
 
 &-bl. 
 
 placard, (w.) pl&k'-4rd: (v) 
 
 plft kfti-d'. ^ ^ 
 
 placid, plfa'-!d. 
 pk;? nari/^m, pla'^'S iizm. 
 plafir^-^rise. pia';j'a-riz. 
 plaf- Liif, pl&nt'-jf. 
 plait, pl»t ot p!st). 
 plateau, j. u>'. 
 platina, plftt'-r-ni. 
 platinma, r'^^'-J-nilm. 
 
 plenary, pl«'-na.rf or pign'-». 
 plenipotentiary, pl6n'-i-i)6. 
 
 ti'-ahftr-L 
 
 Pi' aitude, plSn'-i-tud (not 
 
 i'i6n'-r-tood). 
 
 pleonasm, i)'fi'^nazin. 
 plethora, pleth'-o-i-a (not 
 
 plS-thO'-ra). 
 
 plethoric, ple-thor'-ik. 
 phosaurus, pir-o-saw'-ras. 
 poetaster, po'6tr&H'ur. 
 
 poignant, poy'-nSnt So 
 
 poign'-an-cy. 
 
 poison, poy'-zn (not pi'zn). 
 pohce, pO-les' (not pies). 
 
 I polonaise, po'-lo-naz'. 
 polype, p6l'-ip. 
 
 polysyndeton, [jol'-uin'-de- 
 ton. 
 
 pomade, pO-mad' or po-mid'. 
 poniiird, pOn'y&rd (not 
 I>oiii'-yArd). 
 
 porcelain, pOre'-Un, or poi'- 
 
 s6-!ftn. *^ 
 
 porch, pOrch (not pawi-ch> 
 porphry, por'-n-ri. 
 porpoise, por -pus. 
 porndge, por'-rij. 
 Porte, poit. 
 porteiiu, pbr-tend'. 
 
 pi 
 
 lie, m«, file, note, pflre, fir, ht«r, mdre, awl, owl g^^^ 
 
70 
 
 THE HIGH tiCUOOL ENGLI8U WOKD-BOOJfc. 
 
 IH! 
 
 portent, i><ir'-t«nt. 
 portfolio, prtrt-fo'-ir-o. 
 porte-monnaie, jioit mftn'- 
 
 portrait, l)Or'-tiat (vot pOr'- 
 
 trftt). So por'-trai-ture. 
 
 position, i>0-zi«}i'-ttn. 
 possess, pOz-zCs' (not pOs- 
 
 s&*'). So pos-ses'-sive, 
 pos-ses'-sion, etc. 
 
 predilection, prg-dMck'- 
 
 Hhttn (tiot prCil-i Ifik'-shan 
 nor pi-6 di-lik' shttn). 
 preface, (n. and V ) prCf'-is 
 (not prS'-fis). 
 
 prefect, pi-e'-ftkfc. 
 preference, pref-er-fins. 
 preferment, pre-fei m6nt 
 prehensile, prS-li6u'-«il (not 
 
 ^ . prft-hen'^jil). 
 
 posterior, pOs-tg'-rfHJr (not »^««i„ 'w, 
 
 j^y.) ^ ^1 prelacy, prSl'-&-sI (no< prg' 
 
 J, Ift-Sl). 
 
 posthumous, pttst'-u mils. 
 postpone. p6st>p<5n'. 
 posture, pOs'-tur or -choor. 
 potato, pO ta-'tO. 
 potentate, po'-tsn-tat (not 
 
 p6t'-«n-tat). 
 
 potentiality, po-tsn .shi-fti'- 
 i-tr. 
 
 pourtray, por-tift'. 
 
 prairie, pi-&r-L 
 
 prebendary, pisb'-«n-dei-i. 
 
 precedence, pre-se'-dens. 
 
 precedent, (adj.) prS-sg'- 
 
 cidiit ; (w.) pr6s'-g-d6nt. 
 
 precept, prs'-sept. 
 preceptory, i)r6-86p'-ter-r. 
 
 precis, pra-se' or pri'-se. 
 
 precise, pi-e-His' (not prg-siz'). 
 So pre-t;ise'-ly. 
 
 predatory, pr6<i-&-ter-l or 
 pr6'-dft-ter-i. 
 
 predecessor, pre -de s&s'-ser. 
 
 Ift-sl). 
 
 prelate, prel'-at {7iot pr-g'-lat). 
 
 prelude, (n.) pr61'-ud or prg'- 
 iQd ; (v.) pre-lud'. 
 
 premature, pre'-m&tar. 
 
 premier, pre'mf-er or prSm'- 
 yer. 
 
 premium, pr6'-ml-«m. 
 premunire, pre'-mu-ni'-re. 
 preposterous, piC ixjs'ter- 
 
 tls (riot pre |)0s'-tiii8). 
 
 presage, (n.) prgs'-aj. 
 Presbyterian, prfis'-bi-te'-ii- 
 
 &n. 
 
 presbytery, pi-Cs'-bi-ter-i. 
 prescience, ure-shi-ens (not 
 
 pi*6'-shen8 nor presL'-fins). 
 
 So pre'-sci-ent. 
 presentation, pr6z'-Sn-t&'- 
 
 ahttn (not pr«'-26n-t4' shfin). 
 
 presentiment, jn-e-s&i'-tt- 
 
 m6nt (not pr6 z6n'-tr-m6nt 
 nor pr6-z6nt'-m8id). 
 
 &le, mS, file, nOte, ptlre, fir, hdr, mdve, awl, owl, j^ood, boy. 
 
OKTHOKPY. 
 
 president, prCz'-i-dent (not 
 
 ln-fiz'-l-clQat). 
 
 prestidigitator, nrCs'-ti- 
 
 drj'-I-ta'-ter. 
 prestige, pifis'-WzIi or nrC^ - 
 
 presumptuoos, preziim- 
 
 tu-tts (not pre-zfini' shila). 
 
 pretence, prS-tens'. 
 preterit, pret'-er-it. 
 pretext, pi-e-tfikst'. 
 pretty, pnt'-tt 
 preventive, prs- or pre-vgj •- 
 
 tlv (not pr6-v6n'-ta-tlv). 
 
 primary, pri'-mer-i. 
 
 primer, prfm'-er or pir-mt'i. 
 
 primeval, pn-nig'-vai. 
 primogeniture, pn'.mo 
 
 jSn'-I-tur. 
 
 primordial, pri-mor'-di fti. 
 
 princess, prln'-sfis (not pi In- 
 
 868'). 
 
 prism, pr!zm (not pilz'-ttm). 
 pristine, pris'-tin or -tin. 
 
 prithee, \>vuh'i 
 
 privacy, prl'-va-sl (not prlv'- 
 ft-sl). 
 
 privity, prfv'-i-ti 
 
 probity, prOb'- or prO'-bl-tl. 
 proboscis, I>r6-bds'-8l8. 
 
 proceeds, pro'-ssdz. 
 
 process, pi-Oh' sSs or pro -sCs. 
 
 Procrustean, jn-o-kriis'-te- 
 
 to. 
 
 71 
 
 procuress, pro kar'^ or 
 P'0k'-u-r6s. 
 
 prodigy, prOil'i-ji. 
 produce, (/*.) pro<j'-a8; (v.) 
 
 prO-dus'. 
 
 product, prod' Okt (not pro', 
 dttkt) 
 
 proem, pro'am. 
 proemial, jiro-e' mr-M. 
 
 profile, prO'-fgl or prO'-fll. 
 profuse, prO-ius' (not pro- 
 fuz'). 
 
 progress, (?».) prOg'-rSs or 
 prO'-grCs. (v.) prO-grSs'. 
 
 prohibition, pio'-hi-bish'-ftn 
 
 (not prO-i-bi.sh'-an). 
 
 prohibitory, pro-hib'-i-Wr-i. 
 project, («.) pi-oj'-ckt (noc 
 
 pro'-jCkt) ; (v.) piO-jOkt'. 
 
 projectile, pio-jck'-til. 
 
 proletariat, pro'-leta'-ri-at. 
 
 prolix, prO'-llks. 
 
 prolocutor, pi-O-lOk'-u-ttir or 
 piOl'-O-ku'-ter. 
 
 prologue, pro'-log. 
 promenade, prom'-o-nAd'. 
 Promethean, pio-mo'-ths- 
 
 promiscuous, prO-mis'-ku- 
 
 <l8. 
 
 promissory, pi-om'-is sdr-L 
 promontory, piom'-^n-tcri. 
 promulgate, pro-mfli' g&t 
 
 ft' 
 
 ll 
 
 ale, me, file, note, pQ.e, m,- her, mOve, awl, owl, good, boy 
 
 m 
 
7S 
 
 THK Ilion SCHOOL KNOLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 iil 
 
 lit 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 promulgator, prom'-tti-ff&'. 
 
 Mr. 
 
 pronunciation, prev-nttn'-ai- 
 
 prophecy, prof-«^. 
 prophesy, (v.) prof-fi^i. 
 propitiate, pi^v-pish'-i-at. 
 prorogue, pro-rog'. 
 prosaic, pn^z&'-ik. 
 proscenium, i»i(j-8€'-i»r-tlm. 
 proselyte, prOH' s-lit. 
 prosody, prtts'-o di. 
 
 prosperous, pi-Os'-per-tta (noa 
 pi-08'-prtt8). 
 
 Protean, ppy-t* an or pro- 
 
 prot6g6, prO'-tA-zhft' (not 
 prOt' &-zh4). 
 
 protest, (n.) prO'tfist; (v.) 
 prfl-t«Ht'. 
 
 prothonotary, pi-o-thon'-o 
 
 protocol, piyv'-to-kftl. 
 
 protoplasm, pro'-to-plfciD. 
 
 protrude, pro-trdd'. 
 
 protuberant, pr^^ta'ber- 
 &iit. 
 
 Provencal, pi>(J-vAwv' ««l 
 
 provender, |>r5v'-«n-der. 
 proviso, prfl vl' -aft. 
 
 provocative, pro-vok -ft-tfv. 
 provocation, prov'-a-kA'- 
 
 tbdii. 
 
 provoke, prO-vOk' (no< pttr). 
 provost, prOv'-<Jet or prO'- 
 
 V08t 
 
 prowess, prow'-«e (not prO). 
 
 prudence, prd'-dena. 
 prime, prdn. 
 Prussian, pmsh'&n. 
 pruesic, pms'-ik. 
 
 psalmist, sftm'-jMtorsM' mist 
 
 psahnody, ai'mMi or 
 
 sAm'-O-dl. 
 
 PsaJms, 8&tnB. 
 
 psalter, sawl'.ter. 
 
 pseudo, sQ'-do. 
 pseudonym, aa'-do-nim. 
 psyche, Hi'-ka. 
 psychology, si-kdl-o-jf. 
 Ptolemaic, ujl -e lua'-ik. 
 
 puerile, pa -dr-ll or pa'-dr-il. 
 
 puerperal, i»Q oi'-|Mjr-4L 
 puisne, \>\k'-nt 
 puissance, pQ -Is-s&ns. 
 
 puissant, pa-la-ant or pa- 
 is' sAnt. 
 
 pulmonary, ptti'-mou-er-i. 
 
 pulpit, pool'-plt. 
 pumice, pa'-mla or pOm'-Ia. 
 pumpkin, pHiup' kin, often 
 miapi-onoiinoed pOnk'-In. 
 
 punitive, pa'-ni-tiv. 
 purlieu, per'-la. 
 
 purloin, p«irloyn'. 
 purport (». and v.) |x^r'-part 
 
 »ie, roe, fti#, note, pftre, fftr, her, mdyo, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
 If 
 
ORTUOKPV. 
 
 7S 
 
 purulent, pfl'-roo-l«nt {not put, poot (not pttti 
 
 pttr'.yw-lent). , putrescent, pu-t.ffH'-^nt 
 
 pursuit, per'^Qt^. I pyemia, pl-fi'.rnl^ 
 
 pursuivant, per'-ewS-van*. I pygmean, plg-me'^ 
 
 purview, p^r'-vo. pyramidal, pir &u,'-i-<lal. 
 
 Puseyism, pQ'-d-izm M , pyramidic, pir'^-niTcl'-ik. 
 
 pu^animous, pa'.iuiau'- Pythagorean, pi-thiig'-(.^'- 
 
 fill, 
 pustule, ptis'-tflL Pythoness, pi'-thon^. 
 
 
 Quadrille, kiUIrifl' ur kwft- 
 
 drTl' (not kwOd-rll'). 
 
 quatrain, kwot'-ran <w kk'- 
 
 tr&n. 
 
 quadrupedal, kw6a'-,^'-,>fi- ^^^^^^^ 
 
 quelque chose, keik d shoz. 
 
 dill. 
 quaff, kwAf. 
 quagga, kw*g'-gi. 
 quagmire, kw&g'.mir (not 
 
 kwOg'-mfr). 
 
 quality, kwol'-ui (not kwol'- 
 a-ti). 
 
 quaJm, kt^Aiu. 
 
 quandary, kwon-da'-rf, 
 
 quantity, kwon'-ti ti. 
 
 quarantine, kwo»-'-&n-t«n. 
 
 quarrel, kwdi'-rel. 
 
 quasi, (ytefix) kwa'-«i. 
 
 quassia, kw08h'-i4L 
 
 quaternion, kw&-t«r'-iiion. 
 
 quatorze. k&toni'. 
 
 queiy, kwfi'-rt 
 
 queue, ka. 
 
 quid nunc, kwrd'-nttni,'k. 
 
 quid pro quo. kwid pro 
 
 kwO. 
 
 quiescent, kwi-«8'-H«nt. 
 quinine, kwi-nm' or kwin'-m 
 Quirinal, kwi-ii-nfti. 
 qui Vive, kfi vsv'. 
 
 quoit, kw.»yt or koyt 
 
 quondam, k won' dam. 
 quote, kwot (not kot). 
 quotient, kwA' Hlidnt. 
 quoth, kwotii. 
 
 alo, mi, file, note, pfli-o, fAr, Ur, m6ve, awl, owl, good, Swy." 
 
74 
 
 THE UIOH SCHOOL KNGLISH WOKD-BOOK. 
 
 
 > I 
 
 ! 
 
 l^ 
 
 ■ » 
 
 lii 
 
 Rabbi, rftb'-bl or rftb l.I. 
 
 raddish, rftd'-lsU (na rod' 
 IhIi). 
 
 raillery, r&l'-er-I or i-al'-er-I. 
 
 rajah, ra'-jA or r&'-j&. 
 rampage, r&Qip'-aj. 
 rapacious, i-apa'-shtts. 
 rapine, rftp'-in. 
 raspberry, rfts'-bfiM (not 
 
 mwz'-bdr-ri). 
 
 rather, rkth'-er, 
 ratio, i-a'-Hhi-o. 
 ratiocinate, rftsli'-ios'-i-nat. 
 ratiocinative, rftsh'-r oh-i 
 
 ration, ra'-ahtln (not rftHli- 
 ttn;. 
 
 rational, riuh'-ttn-ai (not m'. 
 
 ■hfln-al). 
 
 rationalist, rash' ttn ai-iHt. 
 rationale, ift«ii'-an-ft'-ja. 
 ravin, i&v-in. 
 ravine, rft-vfin'. 
 
 realization, re'Ei-izft'-shan. 
 rebel, rab'-«i (mt iflb'-i). 
 rebus, rs' btts. 
 
 recapitulate, le'-ka nrt'a 
 lat. 
 
 receptivity, le'Haji-ttv'i.ti. 
 
 recess, i-6-«68' (not rS'-BCs). 
 
 Rechabite, rck -ab-it. 
 recherchd, i o MluU'-shi. 
 
 R. 
 
 I reciprocal, r6 sip'-io-kai. 
 reciprocity, rSs'-i-pios'-i-ti. 
 recitative, lOs'-i-ta-tev (not 
 
 -tlv). 
 
 reclamation, rekla-nn'- 
 
 bhUtu 
 recluse, r6-kld8'(wo/ rC kluz'). 
 
 recognizable, rck' oa-niz' fip 
 bi. 
 
 recognisance, rfi-kog'-ni- 
 
 zi'ms or 1 6-kOn'-I zans. 
 
 recognize, rck'^g-niz (not 
 
 rCk'-O-niz nor rfi-kOg'-niz). 
 recollect, (to cull to mind) 
 
 r6k'-Ol-l6kfc' (not re-). 
 Recollet (a monk) ra' kfilla'. 
 
 recondite, iCk' on^iit or le- 
 
 1<0n'-<llt 
 
 reconnaissance, r6-kon'« 
 reconnoitre, i-ok'On-noy'. 
 recourse, rfi-koiV (not re'- 
 
 kOni). 
 
 recovery, rt k ti v'^r-i 
 recreant, rek' re-ant (not rs'- 
 
 kre-ant). 
 
 recreate, (to give fn^nh life 
 U>) rflk'-rfi at (m>/ rfi'-krfi &t). 
 
 So rec -re-a-tion. 
 recruit, v6-kr6t'. 
 rectitude. r6k'ti.tfl<i (not 
 
 rCk' tl-toud). 
 
 ile, mfl, fila, nOte. pOro. tAr. hdr, mAve, awl, owl, good, b 
 
 )y. 
 
OKTHOEPY. 
 
 7» 
 
 recusant, rck'-a-z&nt So 
 recusancy. 
 
 redowa, rCd'-o-vA. 
 referable, ref-er-a-bl (not re 
 
 fer'-fi-bl). 
 
 referrible, r6 fdi'-i-bl, 
 reflex, (adj.) i-e'-flcks, 
 reftiji^ent, rfi-mi'-jent 
 
 reftise, (v.)i6 fuz'; (w.)r6f'-U8. 
 
 refutable, re-fu'-tA bl or i6V- 
 
 u-t&l.l. 
 
 regicide, lejM-sid. 
 r6gime. la-zhem'. 
 regimen, rejM mSn. 
 regius, rC'-ji-iiH. 
 regnancy, rCg'-n&n-sL 
 regress, (w.) rs'-gj-ea; (v.) 
 
 r8-j,jr68'. 
 
 regxiiar, rtg'-iiler (na r«g' 
 
 Iw). 
 
 rehabilitate, ifi'-ha-brl'-i-tttt. 
 Reichstag, ricliH-t&g 
 
 renaissance, v6-n&'akngz. 
 rencontre, ykn(j-k6n(/'-tr, 
 rendezvous, i6n'-il6-v6 or 
 
 rkn(/'<k-v6. 
 
 rendition, rCn dfsh'iin. 
 renunciation, i6ijGii'-hi-&'- 
 
 Hliiin. 
 
 reparable, r6p'-ft-rft-i)l. 
 repartee, i6\/-kv-t6'. 
 repertoire, ra'-jier-twir'. 
 repertory, it|»-er-tor.L 
 repouss^, m-fMw'-Ha. 
 reprieve, rc |)i6v'. 
 reprimand, ra|»' rimftnd'. 
 repri8.ii, r6 prl' z4l. 
 reptile, rep' tri or rfip'-tn. 
 repugnant, i6 i»ag-u4iit. So 
 
 repui?'-nancy. 
 reputable, iep'-at&-bl (not 
 
 r6-pQt'-&-bl). 
 
 requiem, i-ck' wiem. 
 reredos, i-6'-rfi-»l68. 
 
 relaxation, re'-iftky-a' ahoii research, rs-tk^rch'. 
 
 or rer-&kH-4'-Hhttn. 
 
 relevant. rei'-« v&iit. 
 reliquiae, rfi-lik' wi-e. 
 
 reservoir, i'6z'-«r-vwawr'. 
 residue, i-6z'-i-(Ja (not v6df-i- 
 doo), bu> residuary. 
 
 remainder, le^man'-dt^r (not resignation, rfiz-ig-uA'shftn 
 
 rfiiu'-An der). {not iSs'-). 
 
 reminiscence, r««i'-i-niH' resin, rez'-iu (mt re»'-n). 
 
 i»8n8. resonance, i-ex'-^n&nii. 
 remonstrate, i-a mrtn' Htrnt. 
 remunerative, rC-ma' n^r- 
 
 
 resource, i-e KflrM' (not re-). 
 reepirabie, re^pir -4.bl (not 
 
 F6B -p-r»-ni^. 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 il€), me, file, n6t«, pare, fAr, hdr, mAve, uw\, owl, good, boy. 
 
1,1 1^ 
 
 .ill 
 
 76 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Jiilf 
 
 respite, (n. and V.) r&'-pjt 
 {not r6s'-i)lt). 
 
 respited, r&'-ptt-fid (not i-e- 
 
 spit'-Sd). 
 
 restaurant, res'-to-iAn^, 
 restitution, res'-tr-tu-shttn. 
 restorative, rS-sWr'-ativ. 
 r6suni6, ra z6'-raa. 
 resurgent, rfi-s^r'-jsnt. 
 resuscitation, rs was -si-ta'- 
 
 shiin. 
 retail, (v.) r6-tar (not rS'-tal) ; 
 (•I.) rtl'-tal (not re-tal'). 
 
 retailer, r«-tAl'-dr. 
 retaliate, rft-tai'-iat. 
 retardation, i-s -tAi-da'-shfin 
 
 retch, rfich or rfich. ' 
 
 reticence, ret'-iBfins. 
 retina, r«t'/-na. 
 retinue, ret -r-nti. 
 retributive, i-«-trib'-fl.tiv. 
 retroact, re-troakt' So 
 
 re-tro-ac'-tive. 
 retrocede, nV-ti-fl sfid' or vu'- 
 
 1-0 8Sd'; but re'-tro-ces- 
 
 sion. 
 
 retrograde, i-fi' ti-og»6«i or 
 
 i-fit'-rd-gi-a. I. gkj re'- or ret'- 
 
 ro-gres'-sion. 
 retrospect, i-s -tKi sj)gkt or 
 
 r«t'-r««j,«kt. So re-tro- 
 
 epec -tion, etc. 
 
 retrovert, r#'tr6-v«}rf or 
 
 ret'io-vdrt'. So re'-tro- 
 version. 
 
 reveille, ra-v6i'.ya or rft-val'- 
 
 revelry, r6v'-«l-rl (not reVl- 
 ri), 
 
 revenue, r6v'-«.nQ; re-vSn'. 
 700 is now obsolete. 
 
 reverie, rav'sr-g. 
 revocable, rSy'-o-ka-bl (not 
 
 rS-vO'-kft-bl). 
 
 revolt, rs volt'. So revolt- 
 ing. 
 
 Reynard, ra'-nArd or i-fin'. 
 Ard. 
 
 rheum, mm. 
 rheumatism, wi'-ma-tim, 
 
 but rheuma t'-ia 
 rhomb, rom. 
 rhubarb, lO'-b&ib. 
 rh3rme, rim. 
 rhythm, rfthm o,- mhm. 
 rhythmic, nth'-mik or rw.4'. 
 
 nilk. 
 
 ribald, rr^'-ftid (not ri'-baid 
 
 nor rib'-awld'). So Hb'- 
 
 ald-ry. 
 ricochet, nk' hHa'. 
 ridicule, ii<l'-i-kal (not i-ed'-). 
 ridiculous, ii-<Jrk'-Q.ittg (not 
 
 rf-drk'-la«). 
 rind, rind (not rfn). 
 rinse, rlns (not rfing). 
 
 risible, iJz'-i-bi. 
 rivalry, rf' vai-h 
 robust, ift-i»ttHt'. 
 
 tie, m€, file, nOte, pttre, fir, h^r, ^dve, awl, 
 
 owl, gooil, bojr. 
 
ORTHOEPY 
 
 n 
 
 rococo, r04c6'-k0i 
 roisterer, roys'-ter-^r. 
 
 r61e, rol. 
 
 romance, rO-m&na' {not rO'-). 
 
 roseate, r6'-zMkt, 
 rote, i-ct. 
 rou6, r6'-i. 
 rouge, rOzh. 
 rout, rowt. 
 
 route, rdt 
 routine, rd t«n'. 
 
 Rubicon, rd'-bl-k«n. 
 rubicund, rd'-bl-kflnd. 
 
 ruby, rd' br (not rQ'.J)!). 
 
 rudiment, r6'-di-mSnt 
 rue, rd. 
 
 ruflaan, rttf'-fi-ftn. 
 
 ruin, i-d'-in. So ra'-iaous. 
 
 rule, r61. 
 
 rumour, rd'-m^r. 
 
 rural, rd'-rfel. 
 
 Russian, rash'-An (noi roo'- 
 Hh&n). 
 
 ruthless, rdth'-iss. 
 rustle, i-OsM. 
 
 Pyot, rl'-ttfe. 
 
 Sabaoth, sft-bft'-^th. 
 saccharine, 8^'~k&-iin or 
 
 iik'-kJUrln. 
 
 sacerdotal, sfta'-dr do'-t&l 
 
 (not 8& -fl^r^O'-tal). 
 
 sacrament, ak'-rft-mftut 
 
 (not Hi' ki-ft-inSnt). 
 Sacriflco, (n. and V.) tAk'ti- 
 fb (not rt'.kri fis). 
 
 sa,crilege, nak'-ri l6j (not sa'-). 
 sacrilegious, «ak'.iM6'-jriH 
 
 (not s&k'-rl-llj'-tta). 
 
 sacristan, Bak'-ri»-t&Q. So 
 eac'-ris-ty. 
 
 ■ftflfron, B&f-rOn. 
 
 sagacious, a&-is?&' shUs (not 
 lA-gftHli'-tta). 
 
 said. K&i (not Hid). 
 
 a 
 
 -— i aiit 
 
 salary, fAl'-jt-rf (no< 8«l'-ii). 
 saleratus, s&r^-rft'-ttis. 
 Salic, 8&l'.Ik (not 8a'-lik). 
 salient, »&' lisnt (;<o< s&l'-i). 
 
 saline, sA-lIn' or s&'-Jin. 
 
 saliva, sa^ii'-vft. 
 salmon, s&ni'-aiu 
 salon, H&-\6n(/. 
 salutary. haI' u-ter-t 
 salubrious, s&-16'-bii-ti». 
 salute, n&-\6t'. 
 salutatory, a&l-Q' ta-tiir-i. 
 salve, H&v. 
 
 salver, (a plate) sil'.ver. 
 
 sal-volatile, H&r-vol^lt-il-e, 
 
 but popularly prouoiiuc«.| 
 H&l vOl'-at-lL 
 
 a^. 
 
 Ale, ini, fllo, ndto, pOiii, I'Ar, hOr, m6vo, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
78 
 
 THR HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 111 
 
 Samian, Ka'-mi-an. 
 samite, H&tn'it. 
 
 Sanable, 8ftn'-&-bl (not san-). 
 
 So sanitory, sanaton- 
 um, etc. 
 
 sanctimonious, sSngk'tx 
 
 niO'-nl-QH. 
 
 sanctuary, 8«ngk'.tu-dr-«. 
 sangfroid, /v., 8An<( fiwi 
 
 sanguine, sSng'-gwIn (not 
 
 saii'-gwrn). Sosan'-guin- 
 a-ry, san-guin-e-ous. 
 Sanhedrim, san'^^iiriin, 
 sapience, K&.pi.6,i8. So 
 sa'-pi-ent. 
 
 sapphire, sftf-fer or s&f'.flr. 
 
 sarcasm; a&r'-k&zm, i,iu sar- 
 cas-tic. 
 
 sarcenet, sira'-net (not sAr'- 
 
 sarcophagufl, sAr-kflf-ii-gas. 
 Sardanapalua, s&i'-d&i-A. 
 
 pa'-lflB. 
 
 sai'donic, sii-tloii -ik. 
 sardonyx, sAi'-d^niks. 
 sarsaparilla, sAr'-sftpfi-ril' 
 
 I& (not 8&8'-&-p&.iH'.* • 
 
 iA{not 8&8 -ft-pft-ril'-lft). ^"•' "' »"«i-ym. 
 
 satiate, si'-Hhi-at (not sft'. sc^^sni' "^^m (»«>« »*«' tti 
 8l»&t). I schismatic, srz-m&t ik. 
 
 sh&t) 
 
 satiety, sft-ti'-etl. 
 
 satin, sAt'-In (wo< «ftt'-n). 
 St.dre, Hftt' Tr (tio< Hft'-tlr), but 
 satiric, 8ft-t!r'-!k. 
 
 satrap. 8&-ti% So sa'- 
 trapy. 
 
 saturnine, «at'^r-iiTr.. 
 
 Satjrr, s&c'-er. 
 saucy, Raw'-ar (not 84s'-I). 
 saunter, sawn'-ter. 
 sausage, saw'-s&j (not 8«8'- 
 
 Sautem, so tern'. 
 
 savant, aa-vaw/'. 
 
 Saviour, sav -ycJr. 
 
 savour, si'-vcr. 
 
 scald (to burn with fluid), 
 ska w Id. 
 
 scald (a bard), skawld. 
 scallop, akol'-lttp or sk&i'. 
 lap. 
 
 scarce, skftra. «o scarcely. 
 
 scared, skard (not akirt). 
 
 scarify, sk&r'k-fi. 
 scarlatina, akAr'-lat-e'-i^i 
 
 scathed, ak&tht or sk&thil 
 
 scathing, skaM'-ing. 
 
 scenic, sSn'-ifc <w sfin'-lk. 
 
 sceptic, 8k6p'-t«k. 
 
 schedule, akSd'-yOl or 8«d- 
 yal, or sh&l'.yal. 
 
 schism. Hizm (not sJe' ttm). 
 
 scholastic, 8k<%l«8'.tik. 
 scholiast, sko'-ij^tot. 
 schooner, skdn'-«5r. 
 sciatica, Hi-at'-i-ka. 
 sciolist, al'^llst. 
 
 scion, sr-dn. 
 
 11" 
 
 ftle, mi, file, nOto, para, fAr, h^r, iu6v«, ,iwl, owl, good, boy. 
 
OKTHOEPY. 
 
 79 
 
 If J 
 
 flcire facias, si'-rfi fU'Msi-fis. 
 scirrhus, skir -itig. 
 
 scissors, slz'-erz. 
 
 Sclav, sklAv, but sclavo'- 
 nian. 
 
 scorbutic, skdr-bU'-tlk. 
 scourge, skerj. 
 SCrivner, skrlv'-en-er. 
 
 scrofula, Hkiof-u-ia. 
 
 scrupulous, 8kr6'-pu-ltt8 (twf 
 skroop'-lttg). 
 
 scrutinize, skrO'-tiniz. 
 scurrilous, skiSi '-iii-iss. 
 Scylla, 8il'.l&. 
 
 Scythian, sitli'-i &n. 
 seamstress. Rfim'-ati-es or 
 sempstress, sSm'-sti^. 
 
 stance, ak^knga'. 
 
 seclude, ss-klod'. 
 secretary, sek'-rS ter-L 
 sedative, sSd'-ft-tiv. 
 sederunt, s€ (16' rttnt 
 seidlitz, asd'-litz. 
 seigneurial, rsh ttr'-i-W. 
 seigneury, 8f«n'-a-ri. 
 
 seignior, 86n'-y0r. 
 seine, (a net) hSii. 
 Seine, (a river) 8Aq. 
 seismic, siz'-mlk. 
 semi, (a prefix), sfim'!. 
 
 senatus, R6-na'-tttB. 
 seneschal, bQi/ gnhftl. 
 
 
 senna, 8«n'.n&. 
 
 sentient, BCn'-shMnt (not 
 
 86n'-8h6nt). 
 
 sentiment. sSn'-ti-mfint (not 
 
 sfin'-a-mflnt). 
 
 separatist, sep'-a-rg-tfat. 
 
 septenary, sfip'wn-er-i, but 
 septen'nial. So sep'- 
 tenate, but septen'nial. 
 
 septuagenarian, sep'-tfl-a- 
 
 jSn-fi'-rian, 
 
 septuagesima, sSp'-tfis. 
 
 j«s'-I-rnft. 
 
 Septuagint, ssp'-ta^i-jrnt. 
 sepulchre, sfip'-ai-ker, biu 
 
 sepul'chral. 
 sepulture, sgp'-oi-tflr. 
 sequel, ss'-kwfii (not sek'-wii) 
 sequence, se'-kwens. 
 sequestration, sfik'-wfis- 
 
 ti-a'-shiin (not sfi'-). 
 
 seraglio, s« rai'-yo. 
 sergeant, sir'-jent. 
 
 series, sg' rl-«z or sfi'-riz. 
 servile, sfir'-vll or sdr'-vll. 
 
 sesame, BSu'-a mfi. 
 
 sesquipedal, 8«8'-kwi.i)§'. 
 dai. * 
 
 seventy, B«v'-n a (not »fiv'. 
 
 ttn-tl). 
 
 several, Hev'-<3r-fti (not aSv'- 
 
 rttl). 
 sew, sO (not sfl). 
 
 
 \» 
 
 • riiiu^ mi'-vr. 
 
 i \ 
 
 41«, m«, file, note, pare, fAr, hir, mOve, »wl, owl, gor»«', boy 
 
80 
 
 
 TIIK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 Ipi 
 
 |i*f 
 
 P 
 
 Iff ^ 
 
 sha'nt (Hhall not), shSnt. ] sinecure, si'-ne-kar 
 sheath, (n. ) shsth ; sheaths, I smew, sin'-a. 
 
 (pl.) 8h6/Az (not shfiths). 
 
 sheik, shek. 
 
 shekel shdk'l (not shS'-kl). 
 shone, shon. 
 
 ehort-Uved, shOrt'-IIvd (not 
 -llvd). 
 
 shrewd, shrdd. 
 
 shriek, shrSk. 
 
 shrievalty, shifiv'^i-tl 
 sibilant, sib'-Mftnt. 
 sibyl, 8ib'-ii. 
 
 sibylline, sib'-il-iin or -lin. 
 sideral, Hi<ld.i-6-&L 
 siege, sfcj. « 
 
 sierra, si^r-riL 
 sieata, 8i-^'-t&. 
 sieve, siv (not sfiv). 
 signatory, Hig'.n&tdi-i. 
 
 SiJs±U3, Bfiks. 
 
 silhouette, sil'-oo^it'. 
 silica, sil'i-ka. 
 simile, Him'-i-is. 
 simony, 8iui'-<) ni 
 simulacrum, sim'-a-U'- 
 
 krarii. 
 
 simulate, sTm^a-lftt 
 simultaneous, sim'-til-ta'- 
 
 nfi-tts. 
 
 Sinaitio, sr-uft-it-ik or 8i- 
 
 nlt'-Ik. 
 
 sine die, Hi'ng di'^ 
 
 sine qua non, si'-ns kw4 
 
 nOn. 
 
 singular, sing'-ga-iar (not 
 
 sing'-gl&r). 
 
 sinister, sin'-is-Wr. 
 siphon, si'-ftjn. 
 sire, sir. 
 
 siren, sl'-rCn (not sir -fin). 
 
 sirrah, sir'-ra. 
 Sisyphus, sis' i-ftis. 
 situated, sit'-a «rt«ti. 
 
 slabber, slab'-ber, coUoqui 
 ally slOb'-ber. 
 
 sleek, sifik (not silk). 
 
 slept, slfipt (not slfip). 
 sloth, sloth (not slotb). 
 slough, (v.) slttf. 
 Slough (a mire-hole), slow, 
 sloven, slttv'fin or slttv'-n 
 (not «10v'n). 
 
 smudge, Kintij. 
 
 smutch, sinttoh. 
 snout, snowt (not snoot), 
 sobriquet, ad'- or sO'-brl-ka. 
 sociable, so'-slii-ft-bl or so'- 
 
 shIUbl 
 
 sociaUty, «o'-8hi-&i'-i.ti. 
 sociology, so'-Hhi-di'-oji. 
 sofa, 80' ft (not so'-fi). 
 
 SOfb. Hfift; (tiAi MtvuftS 
 
 
 4le, mfi, flio, uou), puixj, i'kv, her, mdvo, awl, owi, gooo, boy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 81 
 
 soften, fi6('-n (not Htif -tin nor 
 
 ■awf-tfin). 
 softly, »:ift'-ll {not aawft'-ll). 
 
 soiree, swawr'-ft. 
 
 sojourn (n. and v.), sO'-jern. 
 
 SOlacement, sOl'-aa-mgnt 
 
 solder, sOl'-dei- or 86d'-<Jr. 
 
 solecism, sOl'-S-sIzm {not 86'- 
 l6-8izin). 
 
 solemn, 85l'-6m {not sOl'-ttm). 
 
 solstice, 80l'-sti8 (not nl'- 
 8trs), 
 
 solution, sO-ld'-shttn. 
 
 sombre, aom'-ber. So som- 
 
 brous. 
 something, sam'-thing {not 
 
 8tt'-thln). 
 
 somewhat, Hflm'-whot {not 
 
 sOm'-wOt). 
 
 somnolent, H^m'-nolCnt 
 
 {not 80iaiir>'-l3ut). 
 
 sonata, 80-n&'-t&. 
 
 sonnet, HOu'-uet {not 8iin'-). 
 
 sonorous, sO-nO'-iaa {not 
 80u'-5 riSs) 
 
 soupgon, Hdp'-H6»^. 
 
 souse, {v.) 80 WH {not sowz). 
 southerly, sIKA'-^r-lI. So 
 south'em. 
 
 soot, sAt {not sat). So soot'y. 
 soothsayer, s6th'-8a-er {not 
 
 moth -sA-or). 
 sophism, sOf-Issm. 
 soporific, 86p'- or sO'-pO-iIf- 
 
 sortie, sttr'-ts. 
 
 sough, «Qf or sow. So 
 
 southward, sowth'-wArd or 
 siS<A'-erd. 
 
 souvenir, sdv'-ncr. 
 
 sovereign, sttv'-Sr-In or sOv'- 
 er-In. 
 
 spaniel, spftn'.ysi. 
 specialty, siiCsh'-ai-ti 
 species, 8i)€'-sli6z or spg'- 
 
 shSz. 
 
 specious, 8jKJ'.8htt8 {noi 
 KpCsh'iiH). 
 
 spectacles, si^ek'-ta-kiz. 
 spermaceti, s|nJr'-ii»&-8fi'.ti. 
 sphere, sfcr. 
 
 spheroid, sft'-royd or sftr- 
 oyd'. 
 
 Sphinx, sftngks. 
 
 spinach, Hpiu'-aj (,»o< gpia'. 
 
 Spinoza, spi-no'-zi 
 I spiracle, spi'.r&-kl. 
 
 spirit, splr'-It {not siiSr'.It nor 
 8()§'.rlt). 
 
 splenetic, sple-net'-ik. 
 
 spouse, sjiowz {not 8|>owa). 
 spurious, fipa' rl Ah, 
 squabble, Hkw«b'-bl. 
 squadron, skwotl'-ron. 
 squalid, akwoi'-id {not 
 
 i »k w ai -Id myr sk wu wi'-id). 
 lie, ra«, file, note, pare, f4i-, hrfr, mdre, 7^1, owl, good, bo/f 
 
 5 I 
 
WH" 
 
 • 
 
 jir 
 
 il 
 
 82 
 
 TIIK HIGH SCHOOL KNULIHU WOKD-UOOK. 
 
 squiJor, skwor Or or skwa'- 
 ler, 
 
 squirrel, skwir' i-ei. ThiH i« 
 
 the gtjnemlly accepted Eng- 
 lish pi'onunciiition. 
 stallion, stAl'-yttn. 
 
 strata, str&'-tA (not 8tr&'-t&). 
 
 So stra'tum. But strat'- 
 ity, St it'iflcation. 
 
 strategic, ntrft tCj'-ik. There 
 in Boiiie authority for strft- 
 tfi'-jlk. 
 
 stalwart, atuwl'-wert {not ■ Strategist, 8trftt'-€-jI«t. 
 
 star- Wirt), 
 stamen, st&'-nu! I i,6t/< stam'- 
 ina. 
 
 stanch, stunsh or stawnsh. 
 
 starboard, stftr'-bord, coUo- 
 
 quially st&rh'-erd. 
 
 statics, Ht&b'-iks {not sta'- 
 tiks). 
 
 statu quo, {L.), stAt'-yu 
 kw6. 
 
 steelyard, stsl'-yird, colh- 
 
 quially stU'-y&rd. 
 
 stenography, stgn-dg'-rft-ft 
 steppes, st^pa 
 stereoscope, Hte're-o-skop 
 
 or 8t6r'-fi-0-8k0p. 
 
 stereotype, «tfi'-rso-trp or 
 
 8tfir'-6-0-tlp. 
 
 strength, strength [not 
 sti-finth). 
 
 strew, sti6 or 8tr0. 
 
 strident, 8tii'-<l«nt 
 strophe, stiof-s. 
 strychnine, strfk'-nin w 
 
 Btrik'-nln. 
 
 student, sta'-dSnt {not stoo'- 
 dfint). 
 
 stupendous, sta-psn'-dtts 
 
 {not HtQ-pfind'-yfl-ils n(n- stu- 
 pfin'-jtis). 
 
 stupid. 8ta'-pld {not stoo'.). 
 
 suasion, swft'-zhfin 
 suavity, swa\ '-i-ti. 
 
 subaltern, sal)'^l-t(«rn {not 
 Mlh-Hwl'-t^m). 
 
 subaqueous, Kab-a'-kwe-Qg. 
 subdue, sab-da' («o< sab-doo') 
 
 steward, sta'-erd (no^stoo'- ° ,wo^o«; Tk -r X : 
 
 j^.jv ^ I subjacent, «ab-j&'-»6nt. 
 
 stint. 8«nt (no, .tent). ^""l^^if • ,"""»-J«kt'-*l (not 
 
 .. J ., . , \ sab'-jfikt-ed). 
 
 stipend, 8ti'-p6nd. ' ** ' 
 
 stirrup, stir-rap. 
 
 stolid, 8tor-Id {not 8t0'-lld). 
 
 stomacher, stani'-a-kor or 
 
 8taui'-& cher. 
 
 stomachic, sto-m&k'-ik. 
 
 sublimate, sab'.ii-in&t. 
 sublunary, sab'-ld-nti i {not 
 
 sab-la'-nft-rl). 
 
 suborn, Hnb-orn'. 
 subpoena, sab-p^'-nft (not 
 
 Kap-pe'-nft). 
 
 Ale, in*, file, nOtj. paro, f&r, hcJr, mAve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
# 
 
 OkTHOBPV. 
 
 subsidence, sflb-sid-eug. 
 subsidiary, sttb aid'-i or-i. 
 subsidy, stti '-swi. 
 substantiats, sub-sttrr hr- 
 »t (not sflb-HUin' shit 
 
 / 
 
 sumach, sa'-miilc. 
 
 summary, sOm'-mer-I. 
 
 summoned, sfim'-mdnd (not 
 sflm' iDZil). ■ 
 
 fl'iK«.+o«4.; 1 " sumptuary, sttm'-tu-er-l 
 
 subterftige, sob' Wr-fag. 
 subterranean sttb'-t^ r. rft'. 
 
 subtile, (thin ,,r rare), ailb' 
 til. " 
 
 subtle, (sly) sflt'-I. 
 
 subtract, sttb-trakt' (not 
 8ttb-tr&kt'). 
 
 subtraaend, sttb'-tr&hend. 
 
 Buburb,sttb'^rb, 6u<8ubur'- 
 ba-n. 
 
 succinctly, sttk-elngkt'-ll. 
 succour, siik'-ker. 
 
 succumb, siik kttmb' (not 
 8ttk-cQm'). 
 
 succulent, sttk'-kfllSnt. 
 such, »ach (not sfich nor sich). 
 
 sudden, sad'-dgn (not sad'-n 
 
 nor sUd'-dlng). So SUd'- 
 
 denly. 
 
 SUflSce, 8iif fis' or sttf ffz'. 
 suggest, Hflg-j6st'orsttj-j68t' 
 
 suicidal, sQ'-i^d'-ftL 
 suite, Bwgt. 
 sulphuric, stil-fu' rik. 
 sultan, «tir-tftn, but 
 
 supererogati sfl'-,,e,.(;,.'. 
 
 o-gft'-shiin, super- 
 
 erog'atory 
 superficies, t>u-iHJr-fi8h'-i-ez. 
 superfluous, sQ-pt^-floo-fls 
 
 (not sup'^r-floo-tts). 
 
 supine, sQ'-pin. 
 
 tUpple, sttp'-pl (no/ soo'.pl). 
 
 supplement, (n.) siip'-pis- 
 
 mfint ^nnt ap'-pl.iufint): 
 (»)80 mfint'. 
 
 supplia .ap'-pir-ant. 
 suppose, .>ap-j)Oz'. 
 
 SUmamed. ser'-namd. 
 
 surreptitious, sai '-icp-wsh'. 
 Ha. 
 
 SUrtout, ser td'. 
 
 surveillance, Her- v&l 'vans. 
 
 survey, (n.)8(ir'.vft; (J.) ser. 
 
 va' 
 
 
 sulta- 
 
 sustenance, sttH'-tfr-nftns. 
 suture, Hu'-tur. 
 suzerain, hA' zc-ran. 
 
 swarthy, swawrth'-L 
 swath, Hwawth or swflth. 
 swept, swept (not swep). 
 
 swiftly, 8 wrft'-ii(no<g^ 
 
 il). 
 
 *1«, mfi, file, note, pttre, Ar, h^r, rndve. 
 
 awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
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 ''V 
 
 84 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 sycophant, sik' d mnt. 
 syllogism, sil'-lo-jizm. 
 sjrmphony, sim'-fd-ni. 
 symposium, sim-po'-zr-iim. 
 
 Sjmchronous, siu'-krO-niis. 
 
 Tabernacle, tab'-er-nak-l. 
 tableau, tab'-io 
 taboo, tft-bd'. 
 taciturn, tas'-i-tern. 
 tactician, taktish'-an. 
 
 talc, talk (not tawk). 
 
 talcose, taik'-os. 
 talisman, tai'-iz-mSn or tai'- 
 
 Is-m&n. 
 
 tapestry, t&p'-Ss-tri (rwt 
 
 taps'-trl). 
 
 tapioca, tap'-i-o'-ki 
 tapis, t&-pe'. 
 tariff, tar'-if (not ta'-rff ). 
 tarpaulin, tar-pawMin. 
 Tartarean, t&r-ta'-rg-an (not 
 
 tAr-ta-re'-ftn). 
 
 tartaric, tar-tar'-ik. 
 Tasmanian, tss-ma'-ni-an. 
 
 tassel, tas'-sl (not taw'sSl, 
 nor t6s'-l). 
 
 tatterdemalion, tat-ter-de- 
 
 mal'-yttn. 
 
 tattoo, tat-t6'. 
 
 taunt, tftnt or tawnt. 
 
 tautology, taw-wi'^-jr. 
 tautophony, taw-tttf-o-nl 
 
 syncope, sin'kO -pe. 
 Sjmecdoche, sin-Sk'-dO-ke 
 synonym, sin'-o-nim. 
 S3nithesis, sin'-thg-sis. 
 
 T. 
 
 I taxidermy, taks'-i-der'-mi. 
 Te Deum, te de-tim. 
 tedious, te'-di-iis. 
 
 telegraphist, tel-gg'-ra-ftst 
 
 or tel'-S-graf-Ist; but teles'- 
 
 raphy. 
 
 teleology, tgl'-g-cp-o-ji. 
 
 telephone, tei'-g-fon (not 
 -fbn). ^ 
 
 telephonic, tsi'-e-fbn'-ik. 
 telescopy, tsi-gs'-ko-pi but 
 
 tel'escop'ic. 
 temerity, ts-mgr'-i-ti. 
 temperament, tem'-per-a- 
 
 mSnt, (not -munt). 
 
 temperature, t6m'-per-a- 
 
 tur. 
 
 tempestuous, t6mp6st'-u- 
 
 tls. 
 tenable, tSn'-a-bl (not te'-na-). 
 
 tenacious, ts-na'-sLiis. 
 
 tendril, tSn'-dnl (not -dril). 
 
 tenebrious, te-ne'-bri-as • 
 also ten'ebrous. ' 
 
 tenet, ten'-st or te-nst. 
 
 tenor, tSn'-er. 
 
 tentative, tSn'-ta-tiv (not 
 
 tSn-ta'-tiv). ^ 
 
 lie, m6, file, nOte, pure, fAr, hdr, mdve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
i'i ^^ 
 
 ORTHOEPY. 
 
 85 
 
 tenuity, te-nu'-i-tJ. 
 tenure, tSn'-ur. 
 
 tepid, tgp'-ld (not te'-pid). 
 
 tergiversation, ter'-ji-ver. 
 sa'-shfin. i ing). 
 
 fcermagent,t'ir'-ma-gant(wo< I thaumaturgic, thaw-ms 
 
 -jant). ter'-jik. 
 
 terminable, term'-i-na-bl. 
 temainative, tenn'-i-na-trv. 
 
 thane, than. So thane' 
 dom. 
 
 thanksgiving, th&nrrks'- 
 
 giv-Ing (not thangl:s-giv'- 
 
 terminology, term'-i-ndl'-o- 
 
 jl. 
 
 terminus, term'-I-ntls ; (pi.) 
 
 termini, term'-i-ni. 
 Terpsichore, terp-srk'-(j-re. 
 terpsichorean, terp'-sik-o- 
 
 re'-Sn. 
 
 terra incognita, tsr'-ra in- 
 
 kdg'-ni-ta. 
 
 terrapin, tgr'-rX-pin. 
 terraqueous, tsr-ra'-kwg-iis. 
 terrestrial, tsr-rss'-tii-ai Cwo« 
 
 t6r-r6s'-shai). ^ 
 
 tertiary, ter'-sher-J. 
 testator, tgs-ta'-ter; (/em.) 
 
 testa'trix. 
 tetanus, tst'-a-ntis. 
 tete-&-t§te, tat'-atat'. 
 tetrahedron, tet'-ri-he'- 
 
 drOn. 
 
 tetrarch, tet'-rftrk. So tet'- 
 rarchy. 
 
 Teutonic, tu-Wn'-ik. 
 
 textile, t6ks'-til or tSks'-tll. 
 
 Thalia, tha-li'-a; 
 
 theatre, the'-a-tcr (not the- 
 
 a'-ter). 
 
 theism, ths'-rzm, but theis'- 
 tic. 
 
 theocracy, thg-ok'-i-a-si, bvt 
 
 the'ocrat'ic. 
 theorem, the'-o-rSm. 
 theosophy, the-os'-o-fi 
 therapeutics, thgr'-a-pu'- 
 
 therefore, ther-f6r'. 
 therewith, thgr-with'. 
 thermometrical, ther'-mo- 
 
 m6t'-rf-kai. 
 
 thesaurus, the-saw'-riis, 
 thesis, the'-sis; (pi,) the- 
 ses, -sez. 
 
 thews, thuz. 
 
 thither, thith'^r (not thi^;*'. 
 
 ei). 
 
 thoroughly, thtti'-o-H. 
 thorough-bass or base 
 
 thiSr'-Obas. * 
 
 thraldom, thmwl'-dom (not 
 
 thrOl')-. ^ 
 
 threepence, thrS'-pSns, col- 
 
 "/""ftcy mrip-ons. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 ale, me, file, note, pttre, f&r, hdr, radve. 
 
 awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
>f. 
 
 86 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 *^v®x^?}^;. ^^^^^'«'d or transcendentalism, trSn' 
 
 thrgsh'-liold. 
 Thule, thu'-le. 
 thyme, tim (not thlm). 
 tiara, tl-a'-ra (not ti-&'-ra). 
 
 tic-douloureux, tik'-doo- 
 
 loo-rd.' 
 
 tid-bit, tid'-bit, improperly 
 tit'-bit. [Origin A. S., tid- 
 der, tended.) 
 
 tiers-6tat, terz'-a-ta'. 
 tincture, tingk'-tur. 
 
 tirade, ti-rad' (not tl-rad'). 
 tirailleur, tir'-I-yer'. 
 titular, tit'-u-ler. 
 tocsin, tOk'-sm. 
 toga virilis, to'-ga vj-rr-iis. 
 
 tomato, t5-ma'-to or -ma'-, 
 tonsure, tCn'-shoor ; but 
 
 tonso'rial. 
 topography, to-pOg'-rft-fi ; 
 
 but topographical, 
 toreador, tor-e-a-Lior'. 
 tortise, tor'-tis. 
 
 tourist, tOr'-ist (not tow'-). 
 toward, tO'-erd ; also tOW- 
 ards, erdz (not tO-wawrdz'). 
 
 trachea, tra-ke'-ft, but 
 
 trach'eot'omy. 
 trajectory, trS-jsk'-ter-i, 
 
 tranquil, trfin'-kwil (not 
 trang'-kwil). 
 
 transact, trans-Skt' (not 
 
 tranz-§,kt'). 
 
 sSn-d6nt'-al-Izm. 
 
 transept, tran'-sgpt (owt 
 -Sep), 
 
 transient, trSn' jh'-6nt or 
 
 -si-€nt 
 
 transferable, also trans- 
 ferrible, trans'-fer-arbi or 
 
 trans-fer'-firbl. 
 
 transmigratory, trans-mi'- 
 
 grft-ter-I. 
 
 transference, trSns'-fer-gns. 
 transition, tian-dsh'-tin. 
 translucent, trans-l6'-s6nt. 
 transmigrate, trfins'-mi 
 
 grat; but transmi'gra- 
 
 tory. 
 
 transparent, tr&ns-pa'-rgnt 
 
 (not trans par'-6nt). 
 transpire (to become public; 
 misused in the sense of to 
 happen), tran spir'. 
 
 trapeze, tra-pez'; fcrape'- 
 
 ziimi. 
 travail, tr&v'-gi. 
 travesty, trfiv'-gs-ti, 
 tremendous, trg-mSn'-dtis 
 
 (not -jiis). 
 
 tremor, trem'-Or, or tre'- 
 mttr. 
 
 tribune, trfb'-un (not t*-''- 
 
 bun nor trib-yoon'). 
 
 tribunal, tri-bu'-nai. 
 trichmsB, tri-kr-ne, trichi- 
 nosis, trik'-i-n5'-sis. 
 
 ftle, mS, file, nOte, pure, fAr, her, mdve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 87 
 
 tricolour or tricolor, trr 
 
 kOl-er or tie'-. 
 
 trident, trrdsnt. 
 trilobite, tn'-lo-bit. 
 triology, tril'-o-jr. 
 
 trio, tii'-o or tre'-o. 
 
 triolet, tii'-o let. 
 trioxides, tri-oks'-idz. 
 
 tripartite, trip'- or tri-p^r'- 
 tit. 
 
 tripthong, trip', or trif-' 
 
 th6ng. 
 tripos, tri'-p5s. 
 
 triptych, tiip'-tik. 
 Triton, tri'-ton. 
 triturate, tnt'-u-rat 
 triuravirate, tri-am'-vi-rat. 
 
 triunt), tri'-un. 
 
 trivial, tnv'-l-al or tiiv'-y&l. 
 
 troche, (a lozenge), trOch or 
 trOsh. 
 
 trochee, tro'-ke, but troch- 
 
 -a'-ic (-ka'-ik). 
 
 Trojan, tro'jan. 
 trophy, tro'-fr. 
 
 troth, troth {not trOth). 
 
 troubadour, tr6'-ba-d6r'. 
 
 trough, trOf (not trtlf;. 
 
 trousseau, trds-so', 
 
 trow, trO (not trOw). 
 
 truckling, (servile), trtik'- 
 llng. 
 
 truculent, (savage), triik'-u- 
 I6nt. 
 
 truncate, trting'-kat. 
 truncheon, ti-tin'slmn. 
 tryst, trist. 
 
 Tsar or Tzar, (see Czar) zkr. 
 
 tuberculosis, tu-ber'-kaio'- 
 
 sls. 
 
 Tuesday, tuz'-da. 
 
 tuition, tu-Ish'-ttn. 
 Tuileries, Fr., twe'-le-re'. 
 
 tulip, tu'-lip. 
 
 tumid, tu'-mid. 
 
 tumult, tu'-mtllt but tu- 
 
 mult'uous. 
 
 tumulus, tu'-mu-liis. 
 tune, tun (not toon), 
 turbulent, ter'-bu-]gnt. 
 
 Turcoman, ter'-ko-miin. 
 tureen, tu-ren'. 
 
 turgid, ter'-jid. 
 turmoil, ter'-moyl. 
 
 turpentine, ter'-pgn-tia 
 
 turpitude, ter'-pi-tad. 
 
 turquoise, ter'-koyz' or 
 -kwoys'. 
 
 tutelage, tu'-te-laj. 
 tutor, tu'-ter, but tuto'rial. 
 
 Tycoon, ti-k6n'. 
 
 tympanum, tim'-pa-niim. 
 type, tip, but typical, tip'-i- 
 
 kal. 
 
 typhoon, ti-fdn'. 
 typhus, ti'-ftis. 
 typography, ti- or ti-pog'. 
 
 ale, me, file, n5te, pure, far, her, mdve, awl, owlT^^odTb;;^ 
 
l/t 
 
 88 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 typology, ti-i)ol'-5 ji. j Tyrian, tir'-i-Sn, 
 
 tyranny, tir'-an'-m ; but | tyro ti'-ro 
 tyran'nical, ti-ran'-ni-kul. | Tyrolese," tir'-ciez. 
 
 U. 
 ubiquitous, u-i)ik'-wi-ttts. | undertow, tin'-der-te>. 
 Uhlans, u'-ians. undiscerned, fin'-dis-zernd' 
 
 ukase, u-kas'. Undulatory, ttn'-du-la'-ter-i. 
 
 Ultima Thule, fil'-ti-nm unenviable, an-6n'-vi-a-b] 
 ultimatum. ai'-t,-,„a'-ta„,. | Xl^^l^^' '"''-'''■ 
 
 ultimo, (usually contractec 
 into ult.) ar.ti-nio. 
 
 ultramontane, Ql'-tra-mOn' 
 
 tan. 
 
 Ulysses, u-lis'-sez (not u- 
 lis-s6z). j 
 
 umbilical, um-bii'-i-kai, o 
 
 um'-bil-i'-kai. 
 
 umbrage, um'-braj. 
 
 umbrageous, tlm-bra'-jus. 
 
 umbrella, um-brgl'-ia (not 
 
 iim'-ber-61'.ft). 
 
 unalterable,iin-awi'.ter-a-bi. 
 
 unanswerable, iin-fin'-ser- 
 &-bl. 
 
 uncial, tin'-shi-&i. 
 unconscionable, iin-kon'- 
 
 shiin-a-bl. 
 uncouth, iin-kdth'. 
 unction, tlngk'-shtin. 
 unctuous, lingk'-tu-tts. 
 
 undersigned, ttn'-dersmd'. 
 undertone, fin'-der-ton. 
 
 ungual, ting'-gwai. 
 ungentlemanly, iin-j6n'-tl- 
 
 Mfin-ll (not iin-j6n'-t]-mfin-r). 
 
 unguent, fing'-gwgnt. 
 uniclinal, u'-ni-kii'-naj. 
 unideal, tin'-i-de'-ai. 
 unigenous, u-nij'-g-ntis. 
 uninteresting, iin-m'-ter- 
 
 Sst-Ing. 
 
 'f! 
 
 I 'I 
 
 Sle, 
 
 uniparious, a-nip'-fi-ras. 
 unique, u-nek'. 
 
 unison, u'-ni-sOn. 
 
 univocal, u-nrv-o-kai. 
 unlearned, (pp.) tin-iernd' ; 
 
 (adj.) ttn-l^in'-6d. 
 
 unostentatious, ttn-os'-tSn- 
 
 ta'-shtis. 
 
 unprecedented, lin-prgs'-e. 
 
 d6nt'-6d. 
 
 unpremeditated, iin'-pi-g 
 
 m6d'-i-ta'-t6d. 
 unsavoury, ttn-sa'-ver-I. 
 
 m 
 
 
 , p3ie, fftr, her, mdve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 80 
 
 unscathed, fln-skatht' or m\. 
 ska^/id'. 
 
 upas-tree, u'-pSs-tre. 
 uphohter.r, tip-iiol'-stcr-6r. 
 uraBmia, u-re'-iiu a. 
 Urania, u-m'-iii-a. 
 Uranus, u'-ra-mis. 
 
 urban, er'-ban. 
 
 urbane, er-ban', but urban- 
 ity, er-ban'-i-ti. 
 
 urethra, u re'-thra 
 
 usquebaugh, us'-kw6-baw. 
 
 usufruct, u'~zu-frttkt. 
 usurpation, u'-zer-pa'-shiin, 
 
 bnt usur'patory. 
 
 U^Ury, u'-/}ioo-rI. 
 
 usurious, u-zh<y-ii-iis. 
 
 uterine, a' ter-in or -m ; u'- 
 terus. 
 
 utilitarian, u-tir i-ta'-ri&n. 
 Utopian, u-to'-})i-5n. 
 
 •^KVJMlcWl, U- to -1)1 
 
 urmary, a'-rt-ne,-, ,• u'rinal. uviUar, u'-vu-l •;. 
 
 Ursa Major, er'-sS-ma'-jOv. uxoriniia ■-. -. » - / 
 
 Vaccine, vfik'-sYn or -sin (not 
 -sen'). ^ 
 
 vaccinate, v&k'-si-nat. 
 vacuum, vfik'-u-um, but va- 
 cuity, va-ku'-i-tJ. 
 
 vade-mecum, va'-de-me'- 
 
 kQm. 
 
 vagabondage, vag'-a-bond- 
 
 vagary, varga'-ri {not va' 
 ga-rf). 
 
 vagrant, va'-grant {not vag'-). 
 vague, vag. 
 valance, vap-ans. 
 
 vale (farewell), va'-lS. 
 
 valedictory, vai'-s^lik'-ter-i. 
 Valenciennes, ra-iawa'-ss- 
 
 6n'. 
 
 V. 
 
 valet de chambre, vai -a- 
 
 dS-shaum'-br. 
 
 valetudinarian, vai'-g-tu'- 
 
 dr-na'-rr-an. 
 
 Valhalla, vai-hai'-ia. 
 valiant, vai'-yant. 
 valid, vai'-rd, but validity, 
 valise, va-ies'. 
 valorem, ad, ad-v&-ior'-«m. 
 valorously, vai'-er-tls-lt 
 
 valuable, vai'-a-a-bi {not 
 var-u-bi). 
 
 vampire, vam'-pm 
 vandalism, van'-dai-izm. 
 vanquish, vang'-kwish. 
 vapid, vap'-id, but vapid'- 
 ity. 
 
 f 
 in' 
 
 *le, me, file, note, pure, fAr, her, mdve, awl, owl 
 
 /?ood, boy. 
 
Wi 
 
 90 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISFI WORD-BOOK. 
 
 m 
 
 m !■ 
 
 m 
 
 111 !|f: 
 
 il;i 
 
 variegated, va'-ri e-ga'-ied. 
 variorum, va'-ii-o-i um. 
 
 vascular, vas'-ka-ler. 
 vase, vftz or vaz (not vas). 
 
 vaseline, vAs'-g iin. 
 Vaticanism, vat'-i-kan-izm. 
 vaticinal, va-tis'-i-nui. 
 vaticination, va-tis'-ina'- 
 
 shun. 
 
 vaudeville, vod'-vii. 
 Vaudois, vo-dwa'. 
 vehement, ve'-g-m6nt. 
 vehicle, ve'-i-kl. 
 velocipede, vg-ios'-r-ped. 
 velocity, vg-ios'-r-ti. 
 
 velvet, v6F-v6t (not vgl'-yrt). 
 
 venal, ve'-nal, but venal'- 
 ity. 
 
 Venetian, vg-ne'-sh'au (not 
 vg-nlsh'-an). 
 
 venial, ve'-nr-ai. 
 venison, vsn'-zn. 
 Venite, vg-ni'-ts. 
 
 venous, ve'-niis. 
 
 ventriloquism, vSn-trri'-o 
 
 kwlzm. 
 
 venue, vgn'-u. 
 
 Venus, ve'-ntis. 
 
 veracious, vg-ra'-shtis. 
 veranda, also verandah, 
 
 vg-rSn'-da. 
 
 verbena, ver-be'-na. 
 verbiage, ver'-bi-aj. 
 
 I verdigris, ver'-dr-gris. 
 
 verdure, ver'-dur. 
 
 verisimilitude, ver'-i-si- 
 
 mll'-l-tud. 
 
 vermicelli, ver'-michSI'-Ii or 
 -s6l'-li. 
 
 vernacular, ver-nak'-u-ler. 
 Veronica, vg-ion'-rka. 
 versatile, ver'-sa-til or -til. 
 
 Versicular, ver-slk'-u-ler. 
 
 vertebra, ver'-t6-bia ; (pi,) 
 vertebrae, ver'-tg-bie. 
 
 vertex, ver'-tcks ; (pi.) ver- 
 tices, ver-'-ti-s6z. 
 
 vertigo, ver-tl'-go. 
 
 Vertu, ver'-tu, 
 
 vessel, v6s'-s6l (not v6s'-l). 
 
 vestige, v6s'-tij. 
 
 veterinary, vgt'-gr-i-ner-i. 
 
 via media, vi'-ri me'-fii-a. 
 
 vibratory, vr-bia-ter-i (not 
 vi-bia'-). ^ 
 
 vicar, vik'-er. 
 
 vicegerent, vis-je'-rgnt. 
 vice versa, vi'-se vei'-sa. 
 vicinage, vis'-i-naj. 
 vicinity, vi-sin'-i-ti. 
 
 vicious, vish'-fis. 
 
 vicissitude, vi-sis'-si-tud. 
 
 victory, vik'-ter-l (not vlk'- 
 tii). 
 
 victuals, vit'-lz. 
 
 vide, vi'-de; vidimus, vr- 
 
 di-mtls. 
 
 ale, nrifi. fil« nofo nn-r- f&- • ■ '■ ~ '- ^ " ~ 
 
 ' ""' " ' ""^^> ^"■^"' ^^'» "^r, move, awi, owl, good, boy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 91 
 
 videlicet (contracted form 
 viz.), vi--d6l'-i.s6t. 
 
 Vignette, vin-ygt' or vl-n6t'. 
 
 Vigorous, vlg'-er-iis (not via'- 
 ras). * 
 
 Vikings, vi'-krngz. 
 villain, vii'-ian. 
 vindicative, vin'-di-ka-tiv ; 
 
 vin'dica'tory. 
 vineyard, vin'.yard. 
 
 vinous, vln'-tls. 
 
 violable, vr-o-ia-bl. 
 
 violent, vi-o-lgnt. So vi- 
 olence. 
 
 violet, vi'-o-lgt. 
 violinist, vi'-o-Jin-ist. 
 
 violoncello, vi' o l5n-s6l'-lo, 
 or -chSl'-Io. 
 
 virago, vi-ra'-ga 
 
 virile, vir -u, or -il ; virility. 
 
 virulent, vir'-oo-lSnt ; vir'- 
 ulence. 
 
 virus, Vl'-rtls. 
 Vi3-^-Vis, viz'-4-ve'. 
 
 viscera, vis'-sgr-a. 
 
 viscid, vis'-sid, but viscid'- 
 ity. 
 
 viscosity, vrs-kos'-i-ti. 
 
 viscount, vi'-kownt. 
 viscous, vis'-kiis. 
 vis inertias, vis'-in-er'-shi-e. 
 visor, or vizor, viz'-er. 
 
 visual, vizh'-u-ai. 
 vitiate, vwh'-i-at. 
 
 vitriol, vit'-ri-Ol (not vlt'-rOl). 
 
 vituperative, vi-tu'-per-&. 
 
 tlv. 
 vivacious, vl-va'-shtia. 
 
 vivacity, vi-vas'-r-tt 
 
 Vivandiere ve-vftn^'-dear. 
 
 viva voce, vi'-va v5 -se. 
 viviparious, vi-vip'-a-ius. 
 vivisection, viv'-i-sek'-shiin, 
 
 vocable vo'-ka-}>l (notvQk'-). 
 
 vocabulary, vo-kab'-ti-ier-i. 
 
 vociferous, vo-sifer-us. 
 
 vogue, vog. 
 
 volatile, vOl'-S-til or -til. 
 volcano, vOl-ka'-nO, but vol- 
 can'ic. 
 
 volition, v5-lrsh'-tin. 
 VOltigeur, vOl'-ti-zher'. 
 volume, vdl'-Qm (not yum). 
 voluptuous, vO-lfip'-tu-ils. 
 voracious, vO-ra'-shtis. 
 
 vortex, vor'-teks ; (pi.) vor- 
 tices, vCr'-tl-sez. 
 votary, vO'-ter-i (not vOfc'-). 
 
 voyage, voy'-aj. 
 vraisemblance, vm'-^ng- 
 
 hlkngs. 
 
 vulnerable, vtii'-ner-a-bl. 
 vulpine, vtii'-pm. 
 
 ale, me, file, note, pure, far, her, m6ve, awl, owl, good, boy. 
 
 mi'i 
 
'.I 
 
 III 
 
 92 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-EOOK. 
 
 w. 
 
 Wagner, v^oA'-ner. ^eary, we.'-i, 
 
 Wahabees, wk-W-hez. ' 
 
 wainscot, wan'-skOt 
 
 WalhaUa or Valhalla, 
 vai-h&i'-a 
 
 Wallachian, wai-ia'-ki-an. 
 wallet, w«i'-i5fc. 
 
 Walloon, wai-ion'. 
 
 walnut, wawJ'-nut. 
 walrus, wawl'-i-iis. 
 waltz, wawlts. 
 
 wampum, M-om'-ptim. 
 
 wan, wOn (not wan). So 
 
 wand, wOnd. 
 wanderer, won'-der-erj 
 wane, wan. So wa'ning. 
 
 want, wawnt or w5nt. 
 wanton, wOn'-ton. 
 
 warehouse, war'-hows (not 
 war'-ows). 
 
 warily, wa'-rl-K. 
 
 warning, wawrn'-Ing (not 
 wawr'-nin). 
 
 warrant, w«r'-rant. 
 
 warrior, wOr'-ii-er or wawr'. 
 yer. 
 
 wassail, wcs'-ssi. 
 
 water, waw'-ter (not wOt'-er). 
 
 wa3rward, wa'-werd. 
 
 weald, weld; also wold, 
 wold. 
 
 weapon, w6p'-n or w6p' iin. 
 
 weasel, we'-zgi. 
 weather, wc^A'-er. 
 weird, werd. 
 welkin, wgi-krn. 
 weregild, wei'-giid. 
 
 werewolf, wer'-wodf. 
 
 westward, wgst'.werd (not 
 w6st'-ttrd). 
 
 Wharf, hworf ; pi wharves 
 
 hwOrvz. 
 
 Wherefore, hwar'-for (not 
 
 hwgr'-fOr). ^ 
 
 whether, hwsth'-er. 
 whey, hwa. 
 
 which, hwich (n^ .«lch), 
 
 while, hwil (not \>\V, 
 
 whilom, hwi'-ldnj. 
 
 whinny, hwiu'-ni (not win'- 
 ni). 
 
 whisk, hwisk (not wisk). 
 
 whiskey, hwis'-ki (not wis'-). 
 
 whistle, h\<as'-sl. 
 
 whither, hwlth'-er (not 
 with'-er). 
 
 Whitsunday, hv^^t'-siin-da 
 whole, hoi (not hill). So 
 
 whole'sale, whole'- 
 some. 
 
 whooping- or hooping- 
 cough, hdp'-Ing-kOf. 
 whorl, hwOrl or hweil. 
 
 ale, me. file, notn mii-o f4~ ua~ _ a.. , , 
 
 , .--, ^4..., .ar, xxer, muvo, awl, owi, good, boy. 
 
ORTHOEPY. 
 
 whortleberry, hort'-l-i^gr'- 
 rJ, colloquially huckle- 
 berry, hiik'-l-bgr'-ri. 
 
 why, hwl {not wi). 
 
 wife's, (possessive case) wifs 
 {not wivz), 
 
 wigwam, wjg'-wam. 
 
 wind (w.) wind ; (v.) wind. 
 
 window, wln'-d5 (not wm'- 
 d6r). 
 
 windward, w d'-werd. 
 
 wiseacre, wiz'-a-ker {not 
 wiz-a'-ker). 
 
 witenagemot, wit'-sn-ag'.g- 
 
 mot. 
 
 with, V7\th {not with). So 
 
 withdraw', etc. 
 withe, wi^A. 
 
 woman, wdm'-Sn; pi. 
 
 women, wlm'-6n. 
 won't (will not), wont. 
 wont (use), wtint. 
 world, werld {not wur'-fild). 
 
 93 
 
 worst, wci-st or wiSrst {not 
 wttst). 
 
 worsted, woos'-ted w wooi '- 
 sted. 
 
 worth, werth or wfirth (not 
 wtith). ^ 
 
 wound (w.), w6nd; (v.) 
 wownd. 
 
 wrack, rak. 
 wraith, rath, 
 wrath, rawth or rath. 
 
 wreath, reth; wreathe, 
 
 Y&th. 
 
 wrestle, rSs'-sI {not r6s'-tl 
 nor rfts'-I). 
 
 wrist-band, rlat'-bftnd (not 
 rlz-), ^ 
 
 writhe, nth. 
 
 wrong, rOng {not rawng). 
 wroth, rawth or r6th. 
 wrought, rawt. 
 
 wry, rL 
 
 {not 
 
 Xanthian, ian'-thr-an. 
 Xanthine, zan'-thin. 
 xiphoid, aff-oyd. 
 xylanthrax, zi-iau'-thraks. 
 
 xylocarpous, zT-lo-kar'-ptts. 
 xylography, zi-lo'-gra-fi. 
 xylographic, zi'-log-raf-ik, 
 xylophilans, zi-ldf-i-ianz. 
 
 Yacht, y5t {not yat). 
 S^ahoo, ya-h6', 
 yclad, e-kiad'. 
 
 Y. 
 
 yclept, ©-kispt'. 
 
 yea, ya; yes, y6s {not yfa 
 nor yaas). 
 
 ftle. 
 
 me, file, note, pure, f4r, her, mdve, awl, «wl, good, boy. 
 
 li 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
n 
 
 fit 
 
 I 
 
 
 ti 
 
 94 
 
 TUB HIGH SCHOOL ENGLFSII WORD ROOK. 
 
 ^^y^V-r. ^'''' ''''' ^^''^^y' i y^^^^^) y«n'-Jer (no< yfin-) 
 
 ycst'-r. 
 yeoman, ye'-mSn. 
 yestreen, yfis-tren'. 
 yolk, yOk (not ydlk). 
 
 Zambezi, zSm'-be'-d. 
 zealot, z6i'-at. 
 
 zealous, zgl'-Os (not zel-). 
 
 zemindar, zSm'-in-dar'. 
 zenana, ze-an'-na. 
 
 Zend Avesta, z6nd' a-v6s' 
 ta. 
 
 zenith, z6n'-rth. 
 zephyr, z6f -er. 
 
 zero, ze'-ro. ' 
 
 zest, zSst. 
 zeugma, zag'-ma. 
 
 Zeus, ZU8, (?io< ze'-tts). 
 zinciferous, zlng-kir-er-tis. 
 
 zincography,zing-kog'-rft-fi. 
 Zingari, zing'-g&r-i. 
 
 Yosemite, yo-sgm'-i-tg. 
 
 yourself, ydr-sSlf (not yfir 
 s6Jf). ^ ^ 
 
 youths, ydthz (not yooths). 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zither, zith'-er, alsozithem. 
 
 zith'-em. 
 
 zodiac, zo'-di-ak. 
 zoetrore, zo'-€-trop. 
 Zollverein, zol'-fei-in. 
 zoolite, zo'-6l-it. 
 zoology, zo-ol'-o-jij bui zo- 
 ological, 
 zoophyte, zo'-o-fit. 
 zoophytic, zo'-o-fit'-ik. 
 Zoroaster, zor-'-o-as'-ter. 
 
 Zouave, zwav or zJb'-kv. 
 zounds, zownds. 
 
 Zuider-Zee, zoy'-ddr-za. 
 zymosis, zi-mo'-sis. 
 zymotic, zi-mot'-ik. 
 
 ale, me, file, note, pure, f&n her, m6ve, awl, owl, good, boy 
 
 i ''I'll 
 
 li 
 
II.— SYNONYMY. 
 
 abandon, v., to give up finally. 
 
 Syn. : forego, surrrender, quit, relinquish, renounce 
 Ant. : clmg to, seize, retain, occupy, hold, own 
 bynonyms discriminated : Desert nnl*.ao ,'« e 
 places, impl^s blame. Not so aS^o^ t?e 
 forsake said of what we have been c;nnect^rwith T/ 
 hnqmsh, to give up under pressure. ' ^' 
 
 cor^^p?'^''''^'^ ^"'^ "P' "*^^"^ f-saken; hopelessly 
 
 "He abandoned himself without reserve to his favourite vice." 
 
 prated.' deserted, forsaken; vUe, pro^gate, re^rTblt'de- 
 
 inctrupt.""^"'' ^'""'^'' P^^^^-'^' -r^--> Wroved, 
 Syn. dis : By evil associations a person may be devraved 
 he may become unprincipled in his dealLgs and t' 
 abaruiomng himself to temptation may . .^^ ^o„enlv 
 pro/ltgate, and finally become utterly reprlbate ^ ^ 
 abase, v. (a-bas') to bring low, to cast down. 
 
 "But the Hydas afta...^ themselves in v^in. "-Macatdav 
 byn. : depress, lower, humble, degraJe. 
 Ant. : exalt, elevate, raise ; proud. 
 Syn dis. : To abase or humble oneself may be meritori 
 ous ; degrade, debase, imply blame; one is LZZtZ 
 nally. humiliated externally. 
 
 abasement, n. (a-bas'-mgnt), humiliation, the act of 
 nuinblinsr or .rn« nrr l.^,., ' "'^ ^^^ ^l 
 
 ibling or bringing low. 
 'The austerities aud abasement of a monk. 
 
 li.L 
 
 m 
 
 If; 
 
 ■ WeaUh of Nations. 
 
96 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 
 ii 
 
 Syn. ; degradation, humiliation, shame, ignominy. 
 Ant : elevation, exaltation. 
 
 abash, v., to make ashamed, to strike with sudden fear 
 
 "He was a man whom nocheck could abash."~Macauiav 
 Syn. : confuse, confound, disconcert, discompose. 
 Ant. : countenance, encourage. 
 
 Syn. dis. : Abashed in the presence of superiors • con 
 fused unable to speak coUectedly-often the rClt it may 
 be, of modesty; confounded by some extraordbal^ S 
 nomena, or when one's villainy is suddenly detected ^ 
 
 abate, v., to beat down, lower in price; subside. 
 
 " The wmd was fallen, the raux abated."- mrdaworth. 
 Syn. : lessen, moderate, mitigate, decrease, slacken 
 Ant. : enlarge, intensify or aggravate, increase. 
 
 rmnuhed, but only gradually decreasj^ *^^ '^'^ 
 
 abf^*®""®''*' ""' ^ ^^^"«<^i«^' ^ lessening, the sum 
 
 Syn. : diminution, subsidence, discount, drawback. 
 
 Ant. : enlargement, increase, addition, 
 abbreviate, v., to shorten, to abridge 
 
 off: "-rwfiSf4r ^^^^^^^ ^^ --^^^-^-g. another by cutting 
 
 Syn : compress, contract, curtail, condense, epitomize 
 
 Ant. : expand, amplify, enlarge, extend. 
 
 Syn. dis. : Abridge by compressing, abbreviate bv o»i 
 tmg- contract sounds. Contract a^d curZuijLZt 
 minuxiion of value. «•'«*«, Mupiy cli- 
 
 abdicate, v., to give up right or claim to. 
 
 " But Christ as soon would abdicate his own 
 
 As stoop from heaven to seU the proud a throne. »-(7o««,ar 
 Syn. : relinquish, renounce, resign, vacate. 
 Ant. : seize, claim, retain, occupy. 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 97 
 
 Syn. dis. : Abdicate a Iiifr}, offiro ^^o.- * 
 or the giver, .^..,, pleas^st^X^nr ^ ^"^^^"^' 
 . ' .''•;^ '^''^ off secretly and forcibly 
 
 abduction, w. (ab-dttk'-shiin^ o « • "^"^^y^- 
 
 fraud or open violence. ^' ""'""'•^'"S ^^^^^ ^^ 
 
 Syn : abstraction, appropriation, kidnapping, seizure 
 A'^*- = «u^'render, restoration, restitution 
 
 aberration,^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ --'--^^ ^- or away. 
 
 nectSne.'.'"^'"^' '^^^^^^^-' inconsecutiveness, dLn- 
 
 -Sl^ri^'orC^^^^^ a 
 
 where this is comtitutionLl or hp.r^^ or thought; hence, 
 the result. "'^"^^onal or becomes chronic, insanity is 
 
 mental aberration, unsoundness of mind 
 
 aberrant, «. (ab-gr' rSnt), deviating from the type 
 We apply the term aberrant to ihJ k- i ^^ 
 a heedless or haphazard dlv'l^^^^^^^ ^ be 
 
 acter of some division, gre T smallin f. ^P''^^ ''^'*^- 
 vegetable kiuadom • nh^^ jI ' ^^ *^o animal or 
 
 or act io an irrZirmaAn^r ° ",'»"<'«"<=? *» wander, 
 
 wh«,h is occasion:;':; uTz i„irrrL::r-- *-'' 
 
 oee eccentric. 
 abet. ,., to .i<^ incite, encourage, used chiefly i„ a bad aenae 
 
 2rt:;:lr.XZ;r'^''''''~--'^ 
 
 to do"e;ir' '" ""^ "^" "'^^'^'^ «'• encourages, genemlljr 
 8 " Authors or abetUyrs of evil."-Gr^ote'. ^^..r.. 
 
 :|ill 
 
 f. irl:m> 
 
 'a! 
 
 2 ltt 
 
98 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD HOOK. 
 
 Syii. 
 
 an acce 
 
 issory, an accomplice, a backer-up. 
 
 !;."■?' 
 
 Ant. : baffler, foe, adversary, rival. 
 
 Syn. dis.: "An^ abettor incites, proposes, encourages, but 
 takes no part; an accessory/ aids, conceals, helps forward ; 
 an accomplice designs or executes. Blackstone says an 
 accessory is not the chief actor nor even present." 
 
 abeyance, w. (^-ba'ans), the" state of being held back for a 
 time, suspension. 
 
 The matter was left in abeyance~i. e., was not proceeded with 
 — for a time. 
 
 Syn. : suspension, reservation, dormancy, 
 Syn. dis. : '^Ahajance, according to usage, is suspension, 
 with the expectation or possibility of revival." 
 
 abhor, v., to regard with horror or detestation. 
 
 " I hate and abhor lying ; but thy law do I love."— i'aafo»«. 
 
 Syn. : abominate^, detest, dislike, hate, loathe. 
 
 Ant. : approve, relish, enjoy, love. 
 
 Syn. dis, : Loathe implies disgust; ahhor — lit. shudder 
 at — is instinctive; abominate, reflective and voluntary; 
 detest involves judgment as well as feeling. We abomi- 
 nate what is offensive, abhor what is uncongenial, loathe 
 what is nauseous and disgusting. 
 
 ability, n., power to act, mentally or physically. 
 
 Syn. : energy, power, force, might, genius, talent, skill. 
 
 Ant. : weakness, imbecility, incapacity, maladroitness. 
 
 Syn. dis. : This word is sometimes confused with capacity: 
 the two are not exactly synonymous. Capacity denotes 
 power or capability of receiving; ability implies action— the 
 power to do. Abilities denotes all our powers, but chiefly 
 our mental endowments. ** Capacity is the power of re- 
 ceiving and retaining knowledge with facility ; ability is 
 the power of applying knowledge to practical [)urpo8e8. 
 Capacity is shown in quickness of apprehension. Ability 
 supposes something done ; something by which the mental 
 IK)wer is exercised in executing, or performing, what has 
 been received by the capacity." 
 
 abject, adj., mean, low, worthless, sunk to a low condition. 
 
SYNOiNYMS DISCRIMINATKD. 
 
 90 
 
 Syn. : despicable, servile, base, degraded, grovelling. 
 Ant. : esteemed, exalted, honoured. 
 
 fl,5^"' fl' ' " ^^V^^ ^" ^ ^^^ are qualities whether of 
 the condition or the character; but Ibject is a peculiar 
 state mt^ which a man is thrown, sometimes by tCp es- 
 
 thlLs is /'"''. """"f^"^^^- ^"'^ i^ the^ours^of 
 things IS ^^y,; he IS voluntary mean, and involuntary ab- 
 ject By birth, education or habits, a man may be W • 
 but meanr..s a defect of nature which sinks a peisonTn 
 spite of ever .xtemal advantage." Mean is derfved from 
 O.E. maene, wicked. (See Skeat). 
 
 abjure, v., to renounce, recant, or retract upon oath. 
 
 Syn.: disclaim, disown, disavow, forswear, repudiate. 
 Ant. : assert, acknowledge, own. 
 
 " To abjure for ever the society of man. "Shakespeare.. 
 Care IS here necessary to distinguish between this word 
 and adjure, which means, to implSre, or charge solemnly 
 Syn dis. : We can abjure, not recant, what we never 
 have held or acknowledged ; we repudiate only what has 
 
 ^lt:T -TV '''''^' "^ P^«°^^«^ «r an accusation 
 To renounce is to disown, repudiate, or forego all claim to. 
 
 abnegate, v., to deny, renounce, repudiate 
 
 Syn. : renunciation, abjuration, stint. 
 
 Ant. : claim, license, assertion. 
 nV^W ' f!i • ^^^ation is applied rather to rights and 
 sTofevilt^i^f ^'^ *^ ^*^^^-^"^' - ''- «^-^-- of 
 
 ^'''''^^"±:^^^^-^ ^- ^^e 
 
 Syn. : erratic, exceptional, unnatural, unusual. 
 abolish, v., io annul, to do away with. 
 
 "It was therefore impossible to nhnli^h tj,,„i„ , .. 
 
 Syn. : abrogate, destroy, nullify, rer>eal, suppress. 
 Ant. : affirm, reenuct, maintain, restoi-o. 
 
 fA -• 
 
 i 
 
100 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL KNOLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 I 
 
 
 ffffl 
 
 feyn. dis. : Ahoiish is general; repeal (saicl of a legisl.i. 
 tute) and abrogate apply to laws ; annul, is to render in- 
 operative ; suppress, to put down forcibly. 
 
 abolition, n., the act of putting an end to, destroying 
 or sweeping out of existence ; emancipation, 
 the oTd » ^"*^***^"°*'°^ <** "®^ customs will cause the ahoUtUm of 
 
 abominate, v., to loathe, as ill-omened or morally foul. 
 
 Syn. : {^See abhor) execrate, detest. 
 
 Syn dis. : To abominate a thing is to feel an averaion 
 towards It ; the detestable thing is that which excites in 
 us hatred and revulsion ; the execrable thing, indignation 
 and horror. ° 
 
 abominable, adj., very hateful, detestable. 
 
 abomination, n., the act of doing something hateful 
 the state of being greatly hated, or, (objectively) an object 
 of loathing or aversion. 
 
 "Abominable comes from abominor, which again is from ah 
 omen (a portent) ; it convoys the idea of whit is in a re- 
 ligious sense profene and detestable-in short, of evil omen."- 
 Mathew. "Words: Their Use and Abuse." 
 
 abortive, adj., fruitless, ineffectual ; immature. 
 
 " A plan may be abortive, but an act cannot." 
 
 abridge, v., to lessen, curtail, shorten ; to epitomize. 
 
 " Besides, thy staying will abridge thy Hie." Shakespeare. 
 Syn.: contract, reduce, diminish, condense, compress 
 {bee abbreviate). 
 
 abridgment, n., the thing abridged ; the act or pro- 
 cess ol abridging. ^ 
 
 Syn.: an epitome, a con)pend, abstract, summary 
 synopsis, draught, precis, digest; reduction, contraction 
 restriction. * 
 
 Syn. dis. : "An abridgment contains the more important 
 parts of a larger work. A compendii m or an epitome is a 
 condensed account of a subject. An abstract or a mm- 
 mary is a brief statement of a thing in its main points A 
 synopsis is a bird's-eye view of a subject or work in iia 
 several parts." 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRrMINATED 
 
 101 
 
 abdliTh) ''' *' ''^''^' ''"''"^' ^^^^''*'' "'^'^^ ^^^^- ^^*« 
 
 abstain, u, to hold back, to keep or refrain from 
 
 " But not a few abstained from voting. "-Macanlay 
 witCld. "^ '"'"''' ""^ ^^^-' ^- -P' -linquis), 
 Ant. : indulge, exceed, revel, wanton. 
 
 tion^'bl^'^if * — ""^ ^""^ /or6«^Wn^ are outward ac- 
 the mind wTTf '" T""'^^^ ^^^h the operations of 
 W TfK- ''*?^*'* ^''^"^ whatever concerns our food 
 
 and clothmg; we>r6««r to do what wo may have narti 
 cular motives for doing; we refrain from w L we des're 
 to do, or have been in the habit of doing » 
 
 ^''IrlS^g^S,*^"^^^^^' ^^ «P--«^ - the use of food 
 
 Syn. : abstinent, temperate, sparing, frugal. 
 Ant. : self-indulgent, gluttonous. 
 
 \Jj'^\^'- /r'"''''' H r^ ^ ^^ abstemious who is spar- 
 m^ m the indulgence of the appetites or passions ZI 
 
 f b« ^ 1 "'^''^ ^' 'T^^^^ ^^t^ moderation ; ZZi^! 
 the act ot refraining altogether. "t;i*ci7iewc«, 
 
 accompUsh, v., to execute, to fuiai, to complete. 
 
 Syn. : achieve, consummate, finish, realize, perform 
 Ant. : frustrate, lose, fail. 
 
 Syn. dis. : We accomplish a task, achieoe success MM 
 an agreement, execute a mission, perform a duty or an af 
 c^nplete a work or a bargain, reali^ an e^xl^tion 
 
 another s plan effect a purpose; achieve under snecial 
 circumstances of difficulty ; perform a part assigned tus 
 
 account, n., a sum stated ; result of a summing up • a narra 
 tive or statement; also verb, to reckon or compute 
 
 criptiou: '^"^P"^"^^^"' reckoning; recital, narration, des- 
 
 'I A.U account is a statement of a single event or a 
 series of events taken as a whole,-as a 8hipwr;ck' a 
 
 'r 
 m 
 
 , ! I 
 
 '■^ y.i 
 
"\ 
 
 * 
 
 il if 
 
 iiil 
 
 
 94 f ' Ml' 
 
 102 THK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 battle ; a narrative is a story of connected incidents,— as 
 the events of a siege, or of one's life ; a description is a 
 sketch or picture in words,— as of a person, a sunrise." 
 
 accountable, adj., liable to be held for one's conduct. 
 
 Syn. : answerable, amenable, responsible, liable. 
 
 •' Accountable is used to mean, not that may be accounted for 
 but that may be held to account ; but anmverable is used to mean 
 both that may be answered and that may be held to answer • 
 while unaccountable is used only to mean that cannot be accounted 
 for, a.nd unamwerable only that cannot be answered."— i?icAard 
 Orant White. 
 
 accurate, adj., very exact, free from error or mistakes, in 
 careful conformity to truth. 
 
 Syn. : correct, precise, just, strict, careful, right. 
 Ant. : vague, loose, careless. 
 
 We say ''accurate account, statement or calculation; 
 ^Mct date, amounii on likeness ; jyrecise moment in mean- 
 ing ; precise in dress or language." Exact means conform- 
 able to the thing represented ; accurate {cura, care), re- 
 fers to the pains bestowed ; correct refei-s more to' the 
 doer; precise, (precisus, cut down) denotes exact limita- 
 tion as opposed to vague. An exact drawing is one i)er- 
 fectly faithful; a correct drawing, one fulfilling all the 
 rules of the art ; an accurate one, that which pains have 
 made exact. (See perspicuity.) 
 
 accuse, v., to complain against, to find fault with. 
 
 Syn. : charge, impeach, arraign, indict, blame, criminate. 
 
 Ant. : defend, vindicate, absolve, acquit. 
 
 Syr ^is. : The term charge is the most general. It is 
 an inu al action, while accuse is properly a formal 
 action. Accuse, in the proper sense, is applied particularly 
 to crimes, but it is also applied to every species of offence • 
 charge may be applied to crimes, but is used more com- 
 monly for breaches of moral conduct : we accuse a person 
 of murder ; we charge him with dishonesty. " Impeach 
 and arraign are both species of accusing ; the former in 
 application to statesmen and state concerns, the latter in 
 regard to the general conduct or principles." 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. -^, 
 
 achieve, v., to accomplish, to finish or complete successfuny. 
 to carry on to a final close. *^' 
 
 " For aught that human reasoning can achime. "— Wordsworth. 
 Syn. : perfoi-m, execute, complete, fulfil, realize, finish. 
 
 c..f ?^*®7®^®?^'.''-' ^^* ^^ achieving or performing; a 
 great or heroic deed. or o > * 
 
 Syn. : exploit, feat, deed, performance, accomplishment. 
 
 Syn. dis : "The words deed, exploit, achievement rise 
 progressively one on the other ; deed, compared with the 
 others, IS employed for that which is ordinary or extraor- 
 dinary ; explmt and achievement are used only for the extra- 
 ordinary ; the latter in a higher sense than the fo«ner." 
 
 '^^^ui^er®' ''*' ^"^ *^'^"* ^' ^ '"^°''* ***' *"' '•^°^*^*^ P^si^« 
 
 Syn. : to accede, assent, agree, conform, concur, comply. 
 
 Ant. : dissent, object, demur. 
 
 Syn. dis. : Agree is a general term ; accede, yield assent 
 acquiesce consent, are voluntary ; accord, concur, coincide 
 are involuntary. Acquiesce implies a less hearty feelin« 
 than accord ; accord of feeling, cancur of opinion. To 
 complin expresses more strongly our feeling and wishes than 
 to consent. 
 
 address, v to speak to; to pay court to; to write a direction 
 as on a letter. ' 
 
 address, n., manner of speaking, delivery; tact; the 
 act of making a verbal or written communication, or the 
 communicatim itself. ' 
 
 Syn. : appeal, invocation, petition; tact, dexterity, adroit- 
 ness; discourse, speech, harangue, oration. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "A speech is a form of words bearing on some 
 topic of comn.on interest to speaker and hearer; an ad- 
 dress IS a form of words directed to some pei-son or body of 
 persons ; an oration is an elaborate speech for a special 
 occasion ; a harangue is a noisy, vehement appeal to the 
 passions ; a declamation is the delivery of a memori^pH 
 Hpeech or exercise as in schools; the' latter also moans 
 loud or empty speaking in public." 
 
I 
 
 if 
 
 104 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGL/SH WOKD-BOOK. 
 
 addicted, v habituated to ; wholly given over to • over 
 mastered, generally by some bad habit, or enslaved by 
 some low vice. -^ 
 
 "Young men addicted to low company seldom pv«i. AnA;^ * 
 themselves to the highest service of tL State » ^ 
 
 Syn. : accustomed, prone, inclined, habituated. 
 
 Ant. : averse, unaddicted. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " To addict is to indulge oneself in any oartirn 
 ar practice; to devote is to direct one's povvers and m an" 
 to any special pui-suit ; to apply is tK> employ one's time or 
 attention about any object. Men are addicted to vies 
 they devote their talents to the acquirement of any art or 
 
 ~t.'' "^ "'''■' '"""'^ '^''^' "^ '^' investigation of a 
 
 adduce v (M-dus'[-i/uce']), to cite, name, offer or brinu for 
 ward by way or proof. ^ ^' 
 
 ^oifi?*^''^^®*"^ ""^ ¥^^i '^^'^'^'' ^®^« add7iced on both sides • for 
 neither party ventured to speak out." -Macaulay ' 
 
 Syn. : allege, assign, advance, offer, mention, present. 
 
 Ant. : contradict, withdraw. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "An argument is adduced; a statement or a 
 charge is alleged; a reason is assigned; a position or an 
 opinion IS advanced What is adduced tends to corrobo 
 rate or invalidate ; what is alleged tends to crimS or 
 exculpate; what is assigned tends to justify • what is^^ 
 vanced tends to explain and illustrate!' . . ^wl may ex- 
 trovert what is adduced or advanced ; we may de^y^what 
 IS alleged ; and question what is assigned." ''''^ ^^^<^ 
 
 administer, v U> manage or conduct (public affairs) : to dii-ect 
 the application of laws (as a king or judge) ; to 0^^ 
 relieve, or bring aid to (the needy or distressed^ ' 
 
 Syn. : Intransitively, to conduce, to tend, (the simnl*. 
 form m^n^.^ls generally used in this sense) ;'tlai^itre?i 
 to manage, to dispense, to supply. »"»iwveiy, 
 
 Syn. dis. : Administer is commonly used in the <rnnA 
 sense of serving another to his advantage con^^^J*^? 
 the other hand, is used in either a good^r CdTnt ' Z 
 may contnbute to a man's relief, in suffering o'.'^ u^ 
 vices and follies. "=' "''' "^^ 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATKD 
 
 \^^;Lu' - ^ ^^'"'^^ cudmtnistered by a constabl« 
 Avoid this incorrect use of the word f^d.^^ ''""'^J'^'V 
 
 comfort and consolation are ;I^i./ ''"' "^ ^^"''' 
 
 admirn^ble, adj., worthy of esteem or praise ; of a quality to 
 fc >.i^.e wonder or esteem. 4"a"ty to 
 
 Ant. : oidinaiy, common. 
 
 .f !{"■ ''I'i:' "^^ "^^ *'"' '''™ '^'"^irabU when sneakino. 
 of those things, qualities, pros,«cts, manners etc tha? 
 ex^te approvmg wonder, thus: an -^miraife^Jtore C 
 ac^nstic an ««m6fe record, an admWabh fenre a ," 
 admxrahU view, admirabh restraint, etc. A writeTrivt^ 
 e^mples of the use of kindred adjectives, thus ^ 
 
 h^mtiful scenery, woman, orlhought * ' "' ""^ "'""'' " ^ 
 
 adroit, arfi., possessing or exercising skill or dexterity 
 
 .%n. : clever, ready, apt, skilful, expert, dexteroiis. 
 Ant. : awkward, clumsy, unskilful, inexpert, 
 adopt, tj. to choose for oneself; to Uke, receive or assume. 
 HousI '' '"'''''''' '"^^'^'^^ ""^ *^« Mi^i«*«r ^ere adopted by the 
 
 Syn. : choose, assume, endorse, appropriate 
 ^^Ant. : reject, decline, repudiate, disavow, disclaim, dis- 
 
 Syn. dis. : It is not well to use adopt of a measur« 
 unless It xs suggested by another. To Jo^ris toZ' to 
 oneself by choice or approval, principlesA)pinbnl or a 
 
 on tbe other hand, adopt', eot.^ i^Jii^lt^our I^S. 
 and bringing in its train a legacy of trouble. ^''^^''^^^ 
 
'II! 
 
 106 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 nverted Wantecl to adopt/ in the heading of a,Jvei- 
 t^ementB, not infrequently is intended to mefn that the 
 advertiser wisl^es to be relieved of the care of a chUd not 
 • that he wishes to assume the care of one." 
 
 comWne. ^''"'''' ^^"^^ ^**^'*'' '^"I*^^' ^^"^' ^^'•^^'•' t«"eh, 
 Ant. : disjoin, disconnect, dismember, disunite 
 
 con^t^.fiu'i^^' ''• ^" '"^ "^'^' ' J°^""^S ^' -^J--* to> 
 "What is adjoining must touch in some part ; what is 
 contyuousmn^t be fitted to touch entirely on onlsiile 
 what IS adjacent may be separated altogether by the in eV 
 
 ioln a'tV' ""%*'l^'' ^'J^'^*- ^'^>"-'^ farms meet or 
 join at some point; houses are contiguous v^h^ix they touch 
 
 advantage, n., Lit something that puts one forward • sune 
 riority m any state, condition, or circumstance.^ ^ 
 feyn : benefit, gain, profit, interest, assistance. 
 Ant. : disadvantage, loss, drawback. 
 ^yn. dis. : "An advantage is anything the possession of 
 which secures, promotes, or indicates success' ItTused 
 in the plural m no specific reference, but briefly as the 
 
 « rd^Xo'""^^^^^ ^''^ ""''"""' '' i^-o^sTpaVl: 
 
 advantageous, adj., promising or actually conferring 
 advantage; profitable, beneficial. fLourable, Lnv3 
 adverse, adj., inimical, hostile, antagonistic, opposed to. 
 
 Ihough tune seems so adverse, and means nn^V- Shakespeare 
 prop^iUous'"'"''''^' ""^P"'^'"' ««nflicting, unfavourable, un^ 
 Ant. : favourable, friendly, lucky, fortunate. 
 
 tends"to thwlrl r'' ',' ^«^""»«^^y ««^I>'«yed of that which 
 
 tends to thwart our plans or movements by an or.posin.. 
 
 force or influence, as adverse fate, adverse circumsLnces 
 
 • adverse winds : con/!r«r,/__+l)« f-^- ""•-J-v -- .^""'^t^nces 
 
 rflfhpr «f +k^ \ "^ 1 """^^^ J>urm— is employed 
 
 rather of the course or character of evente, as running 
 
SYNONYMS DI8CRIMINATRD. 
 
 107 
 
 counter to one s expectations oi- desicrns, though we some- 
 times speak of contrary winds; opposite rather belongs to 
 that which IS widely unlike." Inimical and hostile belon- 
 strictly to personal character and feeling, the latter l)ein- 
 the stronger term of the two. * 
 
 affable ac(;., easily approached and spoken to; accessible and 
 inviting ; of courteous and plejising manners. 
 
 Syn. : approachable, courteous, condescending, gracious. 
 Ant. : inaccessible, discourteous, haughty, forbidding. 
 Syn. dis. : A fable denotes being approachable, easy of 
 address, inviting to stmngers or inferiors; c<y,trtecms, 
 suitable to a court) in one's manner and bearing ; «o//te 
 (polished) in behaviour and address ; civil (belondng to a 
 citizen, not rude) in person and reply ; ccm.lescending (com- 
 mg down from one's level to that of another) to one's infe- 
 riors; complaisant (desiring to please) towards others— 
 their views, opinions or fancies : affaUUty we look for in a 
 sujierior ; courtesy may be between equals. 
 
 affluence, w., overflowing abundance; wealth of money or 
 other material property ; also, wealth of intellect emo- 
 tion, or other tmmaterial thing. 
 
 Syn.: opulence, wealth, riches, plenty, abundance, ex- 
 
 Ant. : want, penury, poverty, scarcity. 
 
 Syn. dis : In common usage, affluence expresses the ag- 
 gregate, rather than the process, of an inflowing abund- 
 ance ; m other words, prolific resources. " Affluence car 
 lies with it the idea of large sources and unfailing supplies 
 of the good things of this life, especially of those ele Jncies 
 and luxuries which are the tokens of wealth. Wealth (the 
 simple and the generic term) and opnlence are applied to 
 individuals and communities ; affluence is applicable only 
 to an individual." ^* ^ 
 
 affront, v., to give cause of offence to, to insult one to the 
 face by language or demeanour. Also n., contemi,tuous 
 and rude treatment. Trench considei-s affront to have 
 originally meant to strike on the face. Wedawnn.1 «!.... 
 and many others think it was to meet face to fice-to 
 confront, we now say. 
 
\ 
 
 108 
 
 THF HfOH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 Syn. : ' affront, v.,' to insult, offend, provoke nnfm^o 
 
 « an attack made with violence ; it irritate., and prov W 
 ^iZ^r ~""""" *" '^'"> «««™'™; it wind; aL' 
 
 "^^i^^^ ' ^'^^^ *" "-■»'*. to n.iBe to wealth, 
 W«, m, ,^ ,„>_ «r; to make ^reat or great«r-a,.,,lied to 
 indiviJuais and ,. Millies, or their condition in life. 
 
 •■ Itttie king sliouW use it r.o better th.iii tt,. nonaHi,! „„i . 
 a«sjj»»4.. covetouBChurchmea, it c«.not L cXr.letelthi^ 
 
 di^'.vr'zr' '"'^"'•""' •'^''*' "■"*' --•"«. <"«™te, 
 
 agnostic, n. one who disavows any knowledge of God the 
 ^hfnLlnf •""™'"' °' °^ *"^ -^*'""t ""t malfj 
 Syn. : unbeliever, doubter, sceptic, Positivist, atheist 
 " Facts, or supposed facts, both of the lower and higher 
 hfe, are accepted (by Agrw,ti^,), but all inferences dednc<^ 
 from these facts as to the existence of an unseen woiM or 
 of a being higher than man, are considered nnsatisftctoVy 
 and are ignored. "^ia,i>i,ujy, 
 
 «.h^r°?*??'®°i'/V*>f '^^^^^^'^ of modem scepticism • a 
 school of chought which believes that, beyond wCt'it 
 known by the senses, nothing can be known. 
 
 alien, n. (al'-ygn), a stranger, a foreigner, one bom in or be 
 
 longing to another country. * ° ' " m or De- 
 
 ac?y., foreign, or of foreign extraction. 
 
 aUenate, v, (al'-ySn-at), to estrange, to misannlv f^ 
 
 Syn. : estrange, weau, convey, transfer, make over. 
 Ant. : endear, bind, conciliate. 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 109 
 
 Syn. dis. : "From ,tran,jer a.ul alien con,.' the v..rl.s to 
 
 sindfn' ''^ 'r' fo»-'»er signifying to make theunde"^ 
 
 standing or mmd of a pei-son strange to an object and Ho 
 
 to another : thus we may say that the mind becomes ali^- 
 atedivom one object when it has fixed its affections on 
 another; or a person eslrnnyes himself fr rn > ^s Sly" 
 alienation, n. (al'->cii-a'-shftn), the str^ of bein^ 
 alienated ; esti-angement ; mental d;rangemen^ ^ 
 
 ^'''fmlje o^anSr ' '""'^^^^" ^' ^'^^ ''^^ ^^^ ^^^ 
 Syn. : fable, parable, metaphor, image, illustration, 
 byn dis. : The distinction between an allegory and a 
 
 Slight A brief allegory may be considered as a sinde 
 metaphor; a parable is moscly employed for moral purser 
 and an allegory in describing historical events, or^ZS 
 subjects. An allegory differs from an enigma or ^dl^l 
 not being intended to perplex. BunyanV' Pilgrims Pi^ 
 gress" and Spenser's ''Faerie Queen" are allegorir 
 allude, v., to make indirect refeience to, to hint at 
 
 Syn. ; to refer, hint, suggest, intimate, insinuato. 
 Ant. : specify, demonstrate, declare 
 
 pos1S^e'''"i/w' "^^T^ ^' ^"t'^'^ ^'^'^ i« direct and 
 nZi K . I ^ '^"'' ^ ^"^ ^"*^^^' ^«^ instance, not by 
 name but by a.scription, style, or subject matter, w 7l. 
 ^V^.hini ; but if we point, specifically and pla nTy to 
 something he has said or written, wo refer to h^im Ti e 
 
 fau lof JzlT'^- ^^f«^<^b--ity> but inexactness; tL: 
 feult of allu^on is often its vagueness and indefiniteness 
 We say a wrong or inaccurate reference, a vague or ob 
 scure allu8^on. Hint, in the main, has to do with matted 
 of knowledge ; mggest, with matters of conduct. We r^ 
 receive a hint of danger, a ^gestion how to avoid it. 
 
 amend, v to correct a fault or error, to improve, to make or 
 grow better. ' *"»«^tr oi 
 
 Lord 
 
 ^Therefore now armnd your ways and your doings, saith 
 
 the 
 
 
1^4 
 i 
 
 IV, 
 
 110 THE HIGH SCIIOOI. KmuSH Woni. .,OOK. 
 
 Jyn. : coneot, refon... emend, „,e„d, ,-ectiiy, improve, 
 Ant. : spoil, corrupt, vitiate, mar. 
 
 worr;i!!f •■ ''"^"^' "^™'' ™'' "^"-^ »•* really the same 
 word, their common root being menda T.»t f™ ki *T 
 
 In Canary usage, amend me^T to be^r mlTilv Xf " 
 eme«d means to remove fan!™ ^i,i„<i i-f """'y' *n"e 
 To correct is to brinl ;!,!.'<• ""^ '"*™.>' Flemishes, 
 ficial rul^ „ „/™^i;^l'=°"^^^^ -i'h "oral or arti- 
 lasting ma^ner^^L^rm!!"/- ■»°'-.«ontinu„™and 
 what ^formerly was C^^ ZZ^ " • TJ "" ^'T'^"' 
 moral conduct, correct enoit. 1 ? "™^' <""' 
 
 «*73, mistake's, «3 the Si^tTanTutr^ "' '"■"' 
 our mind, mend or ie^fe. oul coSot." ' '"^'^ 
 
 ampje, oc;/, wide, extensive, large; liberal, more than suffl. 
 
 Syn. : Spacious, capacious. 
 Ant. : scanty, nart-ow, small 
 
 in'^an^;; f;£:7o™SvS^fer;e^'^*-^^ 
 capmimu may refer to both „,,.„!. "^'e^ded in space ; 
 
 ample stores, ^eans or autw! ™ 1*1'^^^: T« ^^ 
 garden, or ei-ounda • „»' ' T'x'^y 'pactom house. 
 
 things moi;rand titeCial fofte'saT':^''"""^ ^^ 
 amjofe scope for the exercL „f ^ ?^ P°**"' <"" 
 faculties. '" °^ O" "o™! ""d mental 
 
 Mlimate . to give life to, inspi.., inspirit, invig„,.te. 
 Thus armed he aniTnates his drooping band, 
 
 Syn. .. cheer, enliven, inspire, emboldenTX^r 
 Ant. , dishearten, depress, discourage 
 
 A Z vitfrL^trsS .':f ^e c„mmu„ica- 
 hilaratc signify action on thS ZtZy''^C' "^ 
 influence is exoresspd V... fi.^ i • ^' ^"® ^^^e^' 
 ani,nates thr bor- [|,el,,Vh ™'"''''^' ««''*'''' «>-'l 
 
 finer taculties are said to be imDarted " hv ,C ^^*^ ,"''' '*°'' 
 
 "V, uc xuiparcea by inspiration, as : 
 
SYNONYMS DJSCIIIMINATED. HI 
 
 to be inspired ^/ith a s.,l,li„,e courage or devotion To 
 «W respectB the mind ; ,keer relates to the heart 
 thevTlT'"'' *•"! *'''''*^' *">*•> «"'»"' and mental: 
 
 «o?of p^brerrnr"^ ^^^■"^ "^ '"^ — - 
 
 ^"''^'S .rerioT"""'^' " '^^ '"'™"™ "f --'^ divided 
 Syn. : Chronicles, memoii-s, history, anecdotes. 
 8neci"«' ff"' ' ^*™"'*»' »»«m«m, and «wcrfote» mark a 
 
 detail the events of small as well as large commnnitiT^ 
 events ot nations or of a people. 
 answer, .. to speak in return, to reply, to suit, to correspond 
 
 taHakor"''"^^ "^' '" "^^'^' — Po-'ence with, re- 
 
 Syn. : reply, rejoinder, response. 
 
 Ant. : challenge, affirmation, question. 
 
 Syn. dis^ : '' Under these terms is included the idea of 
 "smg words in return for other words. An allwTr is 
 given to a question ; a reply is made to an asseS • 1 
 
 dance with the words of another.' An answerZ^^Z 
 either spoken or written ; rej^ly and rejoin<Jer are ustd h^ 
 personal discourse only ; a res/onse may be said ^ "mg." 
 
 ^^°fe£e: ''■' '''' "'"'"'"' ^ ^'^"""'' ^ ^i^""^^^ i^ «^«"«« or de- 
 
 Syn. : excuse, plea, defence, justification, exculpation 
 Ant. ; insult, injury, wrong, offence. 
 ^ Syn. dis. : "An apoloffy had oriffinallv f.).a c;.».o 
 
 Z^La^'7' 1 ''^^'^ ' ^i>"iogy"fbr-«,e-(Si;r.,;r:f 
 
 Jlngiand. As at present employed, the term apolog/, im- 
 
112 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 ;l 
 
 plies sometlnng said by way of aincnds. In this way it 
 would difler matenally from both deduce and justificaiion, 
 as implying wrong co.nmitted/' whicli is not implied in the 
 two latter terms. A plea is a specific point of self-defence ' 
 e^ct..e admits the fact cliarged, but endeavours to show 
 that there are extenuating circumstances. Exculpation re- 
 lieves one from censure or punishment, by advancing facts 
 calculated to exonerate and hold blameless him who is 
 accused. An apology mostly respects the conduct of indi- 
 viduals with regard to each other as equals : it is a volun- 
 tary act springing out of a regard to decorum, or to the 
 good opinion of others. 
 
 apparent, adj., that may be easily seen, obvious, plain. 
 
 Syn. : clear, visible, manifest, evident, plain, seeming. 
 
 Ant. :^ dubious, hidden, inapparent, unobservable, real. 
 
 Syn. ais. : Apparent, as a scientific term, means seem- 
 ing, as opposed to re^l ; here we deal with it in the sense 
 of being clear, visible, in opposition to concealed or du- 
 bious. In the general sense, the synonyms of apparent 
 '.igree in expressing various degrees in the capability of 
 seeing; visible is the only one used purely in a physical 
 sense; char, plain, obvious, as well as apparent, are used 
 physically and morally ; evident and manifoM sdely in a 
 moral acceptation. Obvious is applied to what we cannot 
 help understanding ; evident denotes what is easily recoff- 
 S '! ^ 1 T^ ^\^'^^^ ' '^^^^^'^^ (^^^- '' «<^'-««k by the 
 tllV^l'st:'^^' ^^ ^^^^^'^^ ^'""''^ -'' -^^^^^« ^^-If 
 
 ^^^Ltfo^nCit^et^ '^^' ^'' *^ ^^^-' ^^ "^^-^-^' *o 
 Syn. : conceive, imagine, fear, dread. 
 Ant. : misconceive, comprehend. 
 
 nf l^""'.? ^" • .^''/^«/^«*^ «^nse, apprehend is a laying hold 
 of by the mind of certain facts which we have a^more 
 01 less clear Idea of; conceive expresses what is shaping 
 sdf in our mmd, with perhaps the help of the imag^na^ 
 tion. In Its second sense, apprehe^id marks the sentiment 
 ot pain and uneasiness at the prospect of coming trouble • 
 a ! .,,^,, „nxj , yca/iina aread relate to 
 persons as well as things. See understand. 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. |13 
 
 and hl"i'r„s"f!!KZ;''' "^ » *•■• "«"-' "»«-> O"*-". 
 Syn. : hard, difficult, laborious, onerous. 
 Ant. : easy, light. 
 
 £^fL:srd3!::,%-;-^ra^-^ 
 
 C rfl'T i'""' wr^-" ^'•'''««" denotes r hth de 
 f^^rvf wett.^*"" '' t^"/' '•^'J'"'^ 'he effoTts „f 
 
 .He sSrer J„™ VXi rS o-ho? 
 ascnbev to impute to, to assign U> as a cause, to attribute. 
 
 Ihe Letters of Junius have been falsely aacrih^^J fn ^o 
 sons xn succession, as the author to this t^?emt?rSr> 
 byn. : impute, assign, attribute. 
 Ant. : dissociate, deny. 
 
 Syn. dis. : To ascribe is to assign anything, in one's 
 opinion as the possession or the property^f another to 
 
 rl™bi'r„";rouii;r-- — ^ --'« ^"S 
 
 asperse, v to slander, to bespatter one with calumnies to 
 cast evil reports at one. ^miuuies, to 
 
 Syn. : defame, detract, slander, calumniate, vilify 
 Ant. : praise, extol. 
 
 Syn dis. : "All these terms denote an effort made to 
 injure the character by some representation. AspZsel^ 
 detract mark an indirect representation; defaJ,Z2r 
 mhjy, and calummate, a positive assertion. "^ To asZrse(^ 
 to fix a moral stain on a character; to detract is to e's^ 
 its ments .tiui excellence. Aspersior^ are generally he 
 effect of malice and meanness ; detraction is the effect of 
 envy; defamat^oni^ the consequence of pe.^onal resent- 
 ment. It 1 speak slightingly of one I aspeL hin if I takt 
 away froni the merit of his conduct. I am .,.;if. :."!,„_, 
 t^n;VC L publish anyt.bing openly that inju^eslirrej;^^^^ 
 tion, I am a de/amer ; if I communicate to others Ss 
 
 h.i 
 
 . Ill 
 

 !s'l' 
 
 Ui : !1 
 
 i 
 
 114 THK men SCHOOL KNOLISII WOKD I'.OOK. 
 
 th;it are not true of hiin, I am a slanderer; if T fabricate 
 anything false myself and si).ead it abroad, I am a calum 
 niator. 
 
 assent, n., act of admitting or agreeing to, consent, accord. ' 
 Syn. : consent, approbation, concurrence, agreement. 
 Ant. : dissent, disavowal, repudiation. 
 Syn. dis. : ''Assent respects the judgment; consent re- 
 spects the will. We assent to what we admit to be tiue • 
 yfe consent to what we allow to be done. Some men give 
 their hasty assent to })ro[)ositions which they do not fully 
 understand; and their hasty consent to measures which are 
 very injudicious. Approbation is a species of assent ; con- 
 currence oi consent." To app^-ove is not merely to assent 
 to a thing, but to signify that 't has the support of our 
 reason and judgment. Concurrence is generallv used only 
 of numbers, not of single individuals. " 
 
 assent, v., to adtnit as true, to yield to, to agree to 
 Syn. : to accede, acquiesce, concur, comply, accord. 
 Syn. dis. : " To assent is purely mental, and denotes a 
 concurrence with approval as an act of the judgment • to 
 acquiesce is to concur with what is said or done' by 
 another ; to consent is to agree to act according to the 
 will of another." ° 
 
 assert, v., to declare positively, to aver, to maintain. 
 
 Syn. : affirm, avow, protest, maintain, vindicate. 
 
 Ant. : deny, disavow, (see affirm). 
 
 Syn. dis. : We assert anything we believe to be true • 
 we maintain it by adducing proofs, argument, etc. ; we 
 mndicate our own conduct or that of another when it is 
 called in question. Assertions which are made hastily 
 and inconsiderately are seldom long maintained without 
 exposing one to ridicule; those who attemi)t to vindicate 
 a bad cause expose themselves to contumely and reproach. 
 
 averse, adj., Lit., turned away from; disinclined to un- 
 favourable to. ' 
 
 Syn. : reluctant, unwilling, indisposed, loath, backward 
 Ant. : ready, inclined, eager. 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. II5 
 
 m^Z\fVv'J "'''''' ^^»;"«'^i^«' i^ »'^"ks an act,,.! s.„ti. 
 ment of dislike ; unwilling i« negative, it marks tl.e 
 
 /Zi ?^ f *''" ^'^"'"^ ^^ **^^ ^"^ ^g*in«t a thing • 
 loath and luctant mark strong feelinis of aversion 
 Aver^on denotes the quality of^eing ^^erse: its o ,iof 
 
 t^nvilf""' T?-= '"''P."'^^' ^^"^'^^^' repugnance: its an 
 tonyms are likmg, and attachment. 
 
 ^'^^TJ^^'^' """ ^V * "'"^"S ^^' ^ ^"'^^^i^g «f the attention ; 
 
 plc^ntSel^:::^!^"^ ^— -«^e), em- 
 Syn. dis : This word is often and wrongly confounded 
 with ^ocat^on, which means o-.e's steadily-pursued prc^ 
 rtTiUs^rr-T""?^ ^^ ^l^^- One's'IocJoJa.: 
 pursuit, the objects that occupy one incidentally. « The 
 term a;oocatxon is properly used of the minor affairs of life' 
 less ..rominent and engrossing than business, or such caUs 
 as are beside a man's duty or occupation in life '' Onl's 
 vocaUon may be to teach ; one's avocaUon^ mav be any' 
 
 ^oSfof T^rr '^^^ -^'' '-- ^'^ ^- W a/d 
 
 ft* 
 
 austere, adj., harsh, sour, stem, severe. 
 
 ^'' For I feared thee, because thou art an au,,tere raan. ^'-St Luke 
 He clothed the nakedness of austere truth. " - Wordsworth. ' 
 
 Syn. : stern, rigid, severe, rigorous, strict, morose. 
 
 Ant. : mild, yielding, kindly, affable. 
 
 Syn. dis. : Ausiere is said of the behaviour, severe of 
 the conduct ; sMness is rigour in reference rrulo 
 austeny is the result of a stern view of life ; r;.o;/r is an 
 unbending adherence to rule or principle; severtji^Z 
 tendency to enforce the rigour of justice or discipline un 
 moved by pity or tenderness of disposition. St^^sl 
 more applicable to look, demeanour an.l manner^ 
 
 aSlGixi, n. (ak -siuin) 
 ciple in an art or 
 
 jelf-evident 
 science. 
 
 truth ; an established pr 
 
 ■1,1 
 
 S i 
 
\ 
 
 •¥!! 
 
 !l 
 
 i\. 
 
 Ill 
 
 I* 
 I 
 
 
 116 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOUD-BOOK. 
 
 Syn.: ,„axun, aphorism, proverb, bye-word, ada-e 
 . apothegm, saying, truism. ^ ' »*'' 
 
 Syn dis. : - The axiom is a truth of the first vahie • a 
 self-evident proposition which is th. basis ofTther t mth^^ 
 A max^m is the truth of the first moral importance for ali 
 practica purposes An aphorism is a truSi set apart for 
 Its pomtedness and excellence. Adage and provZ IZ 
 common sayings, the former among^ the aSItV the 
 latter among the people of to-day. ^ The C W i« a 
 casual saying, originating in som^^ loca drc^m Ince 
 
 ^^^^' T'i'' ^""'^^u ''^''^^'' ineflfectual the efforts of another- 
 to elude ; to thwart ; to confound. anotner , 
 
 "S^7i^^*yS^' ^^ <^®^P^^a*e bounds, 
 Had bajled Percy's best bloodhounds. "—.?ro«. 
 
 Syn. : defeat, disconcert, confound, foil, frustrate. 
 Ant. : aid, abet, assist, promote, advance, encourage 
 r,yn. dis. : (1) " When applied to the derangement' of 
 the mind or rational faculties, bajie and defeat ~ the 
 
 and feelings. Bajle expresses less than defeat : disconcert 
 ess than con/our^d. A person is bajkd d ^rgumZZho 
 IS for the time nonplussed and silenced by the superior 
 axldress of his opponent ; he is defeated in argumenUf Ws 
 opponent has altogether the advantage of him in sttetd 
 of re^isoning and justness of sentiment. A person is S^ 
 concerted who loses his presence of mind fori moment or 
 has his feelings in any way discomposed ; he is conTtZlZ 
 ^a'^.i:^' ^' ^'^^^^^^ ^^^ eonsciousness^be^t 
 
 (2) When applied to the derangement of plans ba/ff^ 
 expresses less tlmn defeat ; defeat less than cJfoZd 3 
 duconcert less than all. Obstinacy, perse verancerskiU or 
 art bajies; force or violence rf./.ai5« ; awkward circum- 
 stances duconcert; the visitation of God confounds 
 
 (3) To frustrate is to make the purpose miss its end 
 hence we s>iv ' unrno^p^ o- i — • ^« ^^a enu , 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. ^j 
 
 balance, w., a pair of scalPQ • /;« - V , 
 
 between'the'^ebtor ITlleZrZZ/t^ a'" "f ""'* 
 plus ; the sutt. due on an account ^°'"" ' '"'^'■ 
 
 one equal to the otheT B»U^ ^ "fessary to make 
 ..^i. n.Biaue:rnanf ^aTitt^f °^ "^'- 
 
 bet^rts: .s;» etU'^- 2 — --•« 
 
 toSanylaSlt'^t''^'^ the endeavour not 
 
 asLendan^-rritxrotroir- 
 
 ^/aCnt"' '""'^' *° "»"<'-" '^ «"«. <» compel to 
 
 " therefore we banish you our terrifnrioa » oj. i 
 "And Md, the wortd uZ he J^ ."S .^if !!X- 
 Syn. : exile, expel, transport, dispel. . 
 
 Ant. : retain, harbour, foster, protect. 
 Syn. dis. : The idea of exclusion nr ««« • 
 from a place, is common ZZZZhan^r T^""J 
 
 men< always supposes a removal to 1^^ <^\^' ^ ^"^'^^ 
 .ion seldom reaih'es beyondTplit^a'^.t": ?.li-.^^^ 
 e.g., a university or public sShool, etc" '"th « °r'''^''^'.— 
 senae, also, we ia„^A that which t' is n^VuSX' 
 
118 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 retain,— «.5r., groundless hopes, fears, etc.; we exf>el that 
 which IS noxious, e,g., envy, hatred, and every evil passion. 
 
 base, o^i., of low station, mean, vile, worthless, n., that 
 which IS morally bad ; plu., persons low or despised. 
 
 Syn. .-vile mean, low, sordid, ignoble, grovelling, dis- 
 honourable, ignominious. ' o b, a- 
 
 Ant. : lofty, exalted, noble, esteemed. 
 
 Syn. dis. : '^Base is a stronger term than vile, and vile 
 than mean. Base marks a high degree of moral turpi- 
 tude: me and mean denote in different degrees the want 
 of all value or esteem What is base excites our abhor- 
 rence, what 18 mle nrovokes disgust, what is mean awakens 
 contempt. Base is opposed to magnanimous, vile to noble 
 7man to generous Ingratitude is base; it does violence 
 to the best affections of our nature : flattery is vile • it 
 violates tru;.h in the grossest manner for the lowe^^ pur 
 poses of gam : compliances are mean which are deroc^a- 
 tory to the rank or dignity of the individual." * 
 
 base-born, at/; bom out of wedlock, or of humble 
 though legitimate birth. 
 
 base-hearted, adj., having a low, mean, vile, o, 
 treacherous heart. ' 
 
 beat, v., to strike, to knock; to overcome in a contest. 
 
 Syn. : defeat, overpower, overthrow, conquer, vanquish 
 
 Ant. : defend, protect, shield, shelter. 
 
 Syn. dis. : Beat respects personal contests between indi 
 viduals or parties ; de/ea.t, rout, overpower, and overthrow 
 are employed mostly for contests between numbers '' To 
 beat IS an indefinite term expressive of no particular 
 degree : the being beaten may be attended with ereater or 
 less damage. To be defeated is a specific disadvantage • it 
 IS a failure m a particular object of more or less import- 
 ance. To he overpowered is a positive loss ; it is a loss of 
 the power of acting, which may be of longer or shorter 
 duration. To be routed is a temporary disadvantac^e 
 always arising from want of fir.nness, though it may ifot 
 disable. To be overthrown is the greatest of :,11 n.,-«ni,-.f« 
 ana 18 applicable only to gi-eat armies and great concerns • 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 
 119 
 
 ^overthrow commonly decides a contest,"— though it may 
 not iniply dishonour. ** ^ 
 
 becoming pr. par., adj. and n. (become v.), befitting, suit- 
 able, in harmony or keeping with, ai)piopriate. 
 
 Syn. : decent, fit, suitable, comely, graceful. 
 
 Ant. : unseemly, unbefitting, indecent, derogatory. 
 
 Syn. dis. : ''Becoming expresses that which is har- 
 moniously graceful or attractive from fitness. The becom 
 mg m dress is that which accords with the appearance 
 age, condition, etc., of the wearer. Becoming is relative- 
 it depends on taste and opinion : comely and grace/nL how- 
 ever are absolute; they are qualities felt and acknowledged 
 by all Becoming 18 often applied, also, in the sense of 
 morally fit as modesty is becoming in a youth, gravity in 
 
 I-'h ^i' I ?i v^' ""^^^^^ *^ P"""^"«- ^<''^'h resi/ects 
 natural embellishments, graceful natural or artificial ac 
 
 comphshments: figure is comely; air, figure, or attitude 
 
 IS graceful. Decent indicates a due attention to moral 
 
 and social requirements, and, like becoming, is external 
 
 or internal Proper denotes an adaptation to an end or 
 
 purpose—the ends, for instance, of order, taste, morality 
 
 or the circumstances of persons and cases. As prover 
 
 indicates natural fitness, so ft comprehends artificial 
 
 adaptation or qualification. Seemly occupies a middle 
 
 place between decent and becoming, being more than the 
 
 first and less than the second." Just and right are used 
 
 m the sense of apt, fi^,, proper, and well-suited. 
 
 beg, v., to ask earnestly, to solicit, to supplicate, to desire 
 Syn : beseech, solicit, expect, supplicate, crave, implore 
 request, entreat, adjui... ' ^ ' 
 
 Ant. : insist, exact, extort, require, demand. 
 Syn. dis. : " To beg marks the wish ; to desire, the will 
 a^d determination. Beg is the act of an inferior : desire 
 of a superior. We beg a thing as a favour, we desire it ai 
 a right. To beg indicates a state of want ; to beseech, en- 
 treat, and solicit, a state of urgent necessity ; supplicate 
 and implore, a state of abject distress : (yrave tbp Inw^.f 
 state ot physical want. One begs with importunity • be- 
 seeches with earnestness ; entreats by the force of reasoning 
 
 W 
 
 
 . t - .Li 
 

 120 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 and strong representation. One so/iriN h^, vi.^., e 
 
 ''^^'^Jthl^gTe'r™''' '^ '^'^ '""^ ''■^' ^'OP; *° •'■"or »P<>n 
 Syn : commence, enter upon, essay, inaugurate. 
 Ant : achieve, complete, conclude, finish, end. 
 byn. dis. : Begin and commence are emnlovpd h„ ,,..» 
 
 Latmued rondenng of the opening verse \>f the Bihl« 
 
 ceremonies, and the like are ..airl t/, i, transactions, 
 
 and familii^r things to jlS iSJ^ ^^^^^^Z common 
 
 ::^^ "te*? '^' -^■^er,^Se^ir-r;s 
 
 persons ; to com/^ewce for persons onlv TV. ^ '''* 
 seems rather to denote the ma^kSran exnen' J /T'^'^'' 
 upon, that of fir^t doing what L not PberS t C** 
 we %m or com«ience an undertaking • Te I^ . ^'''^ = 
 employment. * ' ^^^ ^i"^ an 
 
 behaviour, n., conduct, eood or hnrl • »v.„« J- 
 
 one's self. propiWof ctja^et'bearine^^Zr ^^ 
 
 Ant. .misbehaviour, misconduct, misdemeanour 
 
 byn. dis. : " Sehaviour respects coiuoral o/„ *i 
 
 actions; con.luct, mental actious • camw/ ? **' 
 
 ^d *»«^^ ,., different species ofTha^rr ""1'' 
 
 --. -„.,....,t;„ ^i, ^„,,^^ exposed to the notice of 
 
 hiii 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. ^21 
 
 Others ; comluct, the fyeneril Uno r.f „ 
 
 cf^PiWr^r^ . u c ft""*^''" »ne ot a pei-sons n oral nm- 
 
 respects simply the manner oicarr^ir^T^tuW '"^■''' 
 ^ mclude, both the ..Hon ZlC'J^i^^ ' ■ '^^^. 
 
 moral character or tendency of the action." ' 
 
 beHef »., trust in a thing as true ; persuasion, conviction 
 
 Syn. : credit, trust, faith, credence, confidence, reliance 
 Ant. : dissent, distrust, misgiving, .-ejection. 
 Syn. dis. : " Belief is the general term ■ tl,,. „.i. 
 
 ti.inj; buTl:^^- anf ^ r^ "o" thV^tt^ T°" - 
 more individuals. Thiu-^ a.^ en it ed Z'^^rl"""" "" 
 sons are entitled to our <^^,> h"/ , ' *''"'^' "^'^ 
 or. have a /a.tt in The.:""!' '"' rte'T 'l '«'' 
 >^A have a religious application, whicf ^i/ht' :;' 
 Wis simply an act of the understanding (^« ""j 
 
 beaefloent, <«^-., kind, generous, charitable, doing good. 
 " Ood, heMjkmt in aU His w«ya. "—Oowper 
 
 libetj: ^ '""""''" "■■ '""■"'''°-- "'-'«-«*. generous, 
 _^ Ant : cruel, oppressive, hard, illiberal, uncommiserat- 
 
 e^trt:droft:°>': or„ tdefoft^t-ie'n':^ 'r-'-^ 
 
 well-wisher to his fellow-creaturLT A J" ^^ ''''^^^"^ 
 
 tohipeans;heiswS^^^^^^ 
 
 and happiness of others; he is "^munificmt in dLpenst<^ 
 
 !|TfJ. ^f.-^^---^ in impartin/his pro.^"' "T '! 
 
 a6..u. xu ad he does." //o^.,^,,>^ applies 'to persons'not 
 
 to things, and has no reference to quantity. ^^^' ''°* 
 
 I 
 
122 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-ROOK. 
 
 PI 
 
 if 
 
 Ih 
 
 benignity, n., kind-heartedness, loving-kindn< as, good-feel- 
 
 Syn. : benevolence, hnmanity, kindness, tenderness. 
 
 Ant. : harshness, malignity, ill-will, churlishness. 
 
 ^vn. dis '^/ieneoolence and benignity lie in the will • 
 aZr ^ lies m the heart; kindnessW fendernes" in tt 
 affections; benevolence indicates a general good-will to 
 all mankind ; benignity, a particular good- will flowing oul 
 
 A^nc/ness and fonc/eme** are particular modes of feeling 
 
 ^SwL'cond"'^' ^'''^^' "^*^ I"^- -^ --- 
 pamed with condescension ; benevolence, in its fullest sense 
 
 IS the sum of moral excellence." ' 
 
 bent, n., disposition towards something, tendency, proclivity 
 
 dilecdon. ^''^'' ^"^^i"'^ti«^» prepossession, proneness, p^- 
 
 Ant. : indisposition, averaion, prejudice. 
 
 Syn. dis. : These various terms denote a predisnosin^ 
 
 and preponderating influence on the mind^ ' ' K"f 
 
 app hed to the will, affections, and powers in general 1^ 
 
 th sitenf .h'"tT"'' ^f"«^^'^^ -^ pr!posseTsionZ 
 the state of the feelings. The bent includes the general 
 state of the mind, and the object on which it fixes a 
 regard; b^asth, particular influential power which sways 
 the judging faculty. IncUnati^n is a fLt kind of b^t 
 prepossession is a weak species of bias." ' 
 
 beside, besides, prep., by the side of, over and above. 
 ad. or conj., moreover, more than that. 
 ;| It is beside my present business to enlarge upon that " 
 And the men said unto Lot, hast thou here any besides ?» 
 
 unless." ^^""'^^^'' ^^'°' °^"'''^'''' ^'^^^P^' likewise,' too, 
 
 Syn. dis : (a) ^^ Beside marks simply the connection 
 which subsists between what goes before knd what fSlot' 
 moreover marks the addition of something r.^r.^.X^ll 
 what has been said. * * T^^ i?..zc/«. expresses" theld;; 
 
BTNONYMS DrsCRIMINATED. 123 
 
 of addition ; excej>t that of exclusion." The distinction in 
 usa^^e between beside and besides is indicated in the last 
 lows'''" « w''"*rr '.'Unabridged Dictionaiy " as fol- 
 lows Beside and bemles, whether used as prepositions 
 or adverbs have been considered synonymous fron. an 
 early period of our literature, and have been freely inter- 
 changed by our best writ rr. There is, however, a ten- 
 dency in prosent usage to make the following distinction 
 between hem : 1 That beside be used only and always a^ 
 a preposition, with the original meaning by the side of ■ 
 as, to sit beside a fountain ; or with the closely allied 
 meaning as, le from, or out of; as, this is be^e our 
 I.resent purpose : ' Paul, thou art beside thyself The ad- 
 verbial sense to be wholly transferred to the cognate word 
 Z. Ihat besides, as a preposition, take the remaining sense 
 in addittcyn to ; K^, besides all this; 6mW«. the considera^ 
 tion here offered: 'There was a famine in the land besides 
 the first famine.' And that it also take the adverbial 
 sense of moreover, be,jond, etc., which had been divided 
 between the words ; as, besides, there are other considera- 
 tions which belong to thio case." 
 
 between, v^ef., in the middle, from one to another. 
 
 " How long halt ye between two opinions ?"-/ Kiru,s xmii gl 
 
 Syn. : betwixt, intermediate, intervening, and (wron'-lvi 
 among. " ^ * - ' 
 
 + ^^° wu" ' X J"" ^*"*'*^ accuracy, between is used onlv of 
 two. When there are more than two the proper term to 
 use IS among; but this distinction is not alwavs, as it 
 should be, observed. Between (from twain) i8\.sed in 
 reference to two things, parties, or persons; among, in 
 reference to a greater number, as : There was a perfect 
 understanding between the two leaders of the people 
 though there w^as great dissension and disagreement amon." 
 the noters. Betwtxt and intermediate signify between 
 two objects- mtervming signifies coming between- the 
 former is applicable to space and time, the latter either to 
 time or circumstances." 
 
 blame, v., to find fault with, t» express disapproval of. 
 
 Syn. : reprove, reproach, upbraid, censure, condemn. 
 Ant. : acquit, exculpate, exonerate, pmise, api)rove. 
 
il 
 
 i 
 
 It ' 
 
 
 124 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " The exi)ression of one's disapprobation of « 
 person, or of that which he has done, is the^common ide 
 in the signiticance of these terms; b^t to blZTeZes^l 
 
 fe^rirr: "^^ --piy charge with a^ri: 
 
 TZ^' j^ in ^g^^-ov,^^ severity is mixed with the 
 
 oia7ne Harshly. To blame and reprove are the acts of « 
 superior; to reproach, upbraid, that of an equal to cL 
 sure and W.^^ leave the relative condition of the aCt" 
 and the sufferer undefined. Blame, reproach ulb?azJ 
 and condemn may be applied to oul-selvCrlw anil 
 censure ^re applied to others. We blame orZeWes^^ 
 acts of imprudence; our consciences reproach n.Z ouv 
 weakness, and upbraid or co/^^/m7^ us for our sins." 
 
 bold, adj., daring, courageous, confident 
 
 intrepid " ^°^ '""'^ ''°'"°'''' '"»™' «''"»■". f^Hess, 
 
 <2) In an indifferent sense : confident, not doubting 
 with regard to a desired result aonotmg, 
 
 of i^oX'"'' '"""'^ '"'' ''"'''"'™' '"'I'""'™', ^de, fall 
 II. — 0/ things: 
 
 ^11 Z ^^ ^""^^'^'^^ '' ^^^"^"'^g «0"^age for its execution 
 
 (2) Of figures and expressions in literary composition' 
 
 et^.-In a good sense : executed with spirit, the reve w 
 
 tame. In a slightly bad sense: overstepping thTusuaf 
 
 Ws, a, lacxous, even to temerity, in co^til o^r' 
 
 pric'^i?our'"* " "^^ ^' ^^^^= ^'^'^ -^ «^«^ abrupt or 
 (4) Of a type of handwriting : conspicuous, easily read 
 Syn. : fearless, intrepid, undaunted; brave, coura^^eous.' 
 XXU6. : umia, learful, shy, bashful, retiring. 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 125 
 
 Hv^^"' f'-S"^''^^^^«-^'' i« positive; /mv/...w.. ,« ne<m- 
 tive, and is also a temporary state : we may be f.arkTo^ 
 'itnger at this or at that time,>.-^... of los^s and tJ e Hke 
 Boldness is a characteristic : it is associated with const^^^^^^ 
 fearlessness. Intrepidity denotes a still higher det'o 
 fearlessness : it is collected, sees the dangei , and faces it 
 with composure : urulauntednesss is associated wUh uncon 
 querable firmness and resolution; it is awed by noS 
 These good qualities may, without great care, deg3 
 mto certain vices to which they are allied." Care should 
 be taken to distinguish between bravery and cour^t 
 terms that are sometimes used interchangeaWy. " Ta^^ 
 
 calculation There is much merit in being courageous 
 little merit m being merely hrave." Fcrrtitlde is uS 
 courage or resolute endurance. ^ ® 
 
 border, rt. (of a country), its confines, its limits, its boundary 
 line, or the districts in the immediate vicinity. °"'''*^'^ 
 
 Syn. : boundary, frontier, confine, precinct 
 f),fr;/''- \- f " *^^'^ *^^"^' ^^« ^PPJied to land exceDt 
 
 maiks the extremities of one country in relation fl 
 another ; boundary respects the precipe Hm t o?' an^ 
 pkce;>on^w. denote the commencement of a coimtiv 
 and conjims those parts adjoininff or Ivincr n^Z; I' 
 
 any given place I di.,tr4 LlJrZ T^^^^^Z 
 saul of a country only; bm,n,l,„j and confiZZt 11 
 smaller political .livision. Precinct mgnifie, .Z ZhZ 
 
 bound v., to limit, to terminate ; to in.lidte the boundaries of. 
 Syn. : hmit, confine, ciroumscribe, restrict. 
 
 ploye.l lu the proper sense of parting off certain «». 
 m another sense they convoy the idef of cont^^wTir i 
 more or I0.SS exercised, as, we bound our desireVaceo °1 „» 
 
 l'J-'^^° r'\ ''«""">'■ "' persons uiK)n pei-.soi,s • biit 
 res,,^ IS only the ,ict of persons upon pLrsonS. " ZuJZ 
 
I2n 
 
 THE HIGH .SCHOOL ENGLISH WO KI) BOOK. 
 
 11. 
 
 n 
 
 11 1 J 
 III 
 
 28 oi,,,as(,,l to unhoun.hul, ^ivdie.f t,,> «.xt(.„.lr(l, confine^f to 
 expanded circumscribed to aniph^ rcs^r/c^e./ to unshackled " 
 fJe careful to c hscnimmite between bound and determined 
 -a wholly indefensible use of the word bound: " He is 
 bound to have it," should be, " He is determined to have 
 
 have it "" ^"^ '* '"^^""^ ''^^'^''''^ ^^ "^"^^ ^'''' ^^"^^ *° 
 
 bountiful «^/, generous, munificent, liberal in bestowina 
 gitts and favours. See beneficent. ° 
 
 brace, n. (etymol.), a pair, referring principally to the two 
 arms [F. bras; O. F. the arm, strength]. 
 Syn.: couple, pair. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Couple or pair are said of persons or things 
 Wlien used for persons, the word couple has relation to 
 the marriage tie ; the word pcdr to the association of the 
 moml union * * When used for things, coupk is 
 promiscuously employed in familiar discourse for anv two 
 things joined together; brace is used by sportsmen for 
 birds which are shot and supposed to be coupled. Brace 
 signifies things locked together, after the manner of the 
 folded arms, which on that accoimt are confined to the 
 number of two. Brace is sometimes employed of men 
 but then contemptuously." The term couple should never 
 be employed for two, brace, or pair unless when referring 
 to persons or things joined or linked together. 
 
 burlesque, n. and adj., also v., n.: verbal language or other 
 composition in which a subject is treated in such a wav 
 as to excite laughter. ^ 
 
 adj.: droll, comic, ludicrous, mocking, jocular. 
 V. : to parody, to comment with ridicule. 
 
 Syn. (w ) : parody, satire, travc^sty, irony, sarcfism. cari- 
 cature, wit. > VtMJ 
 
 Ant.: (adj.) grave, truthful, severe, historic. See 
 parody. "*^ 
 
 " Burksque draws its amusement from incongruous renresenta 
 t,on of character, p ac „g persons in situations not pmpe to thei^ 
 actual positions and crcumstances in s<»ciety. Trlve^t^ mlver^ 
 thmg distort and misrepresent itself ; irony is a mode of ccaisuHnJ 
 by contraries : aarcoHni in t^^^xi^ t'^-i -* .-l-.-i W ■ ''^".8.»';>"g 
 vented by indignation and spTte:''"' "^ "^ "^ """''"" ^^"^^ « 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 o. 
 
 127 
 
 cabal, n. (ka-bar), a few men uiiited secretly for some party 
 purpose ; v., to design secretly, to intrigue. 
 
 Syn. : consi)iiucy, co ubination, faction, junto, league 
 coterie, clique, plot, inti igue. ' 
 
 Ant. : parliament, legislature, government, council. 
 Syn. dis. : Cabal (Fv. cabale) is from the B.ii\n-evf Kahala 
 a mystic tradition, which it was pretended had come down 
 trom Moses along with the Jewish law ; hence the term 
 WMS applied to any association that had a pretended secret 
 Jn Its modern sense of 'political intrigue or plottin<r ' 
 cahal was first used 1671, when ' by a whimsical coinci- 
 dence. It was found to be formed of tlie initial letters of 
 the names of the members of the English cabinet Clifford 
 Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale." "6W- 
 spiracy denotes a treasonable attempt for the purpose of 
 subverting a dynasty, or re-establishing one, or generally 
 for altering the political face of affairs. Combination is an 
 association of persons united for the purpose of acting or 
 resisting m a matt(u- of their own interests-not neces^'sar- 
 liy for a bad purpose. It differs from cabal in being more 
 active than deliberative, and from conspiracy in bein^r 
 open and not secret. Faction is now used more com*^ 
 monly of a mmoiity than of a majority, but in either case 
 denotes a party acting un8ci-uy)ulously for the promotion of 
 their own interest. A Plot is a complicated plan for the 
 accomplishment of a purpose always evil or mischievous." 
 
 calamity, n., a great misfortune or cause of misery either 
 public or private, but more frequently the former. 
 
 Syn.: disaster, misfortune, mischance, mishap, visitation. 
 
 Ant. : blessing, boon, God-send. 
 
 Syn. dis. : A calamity seldom arises from the direct 
 agency of man; like visitation, it is a term sometimes 
 used to denote providential infliction or retribution In 
 Its general sense, it is a great inisfortnm or dimster • a 
 m^xjortune is a great mischance or mishap. "The devjLst- 
 ation of a country by hurricanes or earthquakes, or th^ 
 aesojHtion ol its inhabitants by famine or plnguo. are great 
 caZamitiea; the overturning of a carriage, or the fracture 
 
128 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOKD-BOOK. 
 
 f li 
 
 m 
 
 ^«f 
 
 
 I.S :ii1 
 
 
 I 
 
 Of a lin»b. are disasters ; losses in trade are misfortmtes • 
 any minor misadventnre is a m/.c/*«.,o. or a mishJpT ' 
 
 calculate «., to arrive at a result by an arithmetical operation 
 ol any kind ; to compute, to reckon, to estimate ""^""^'^^^ 
 Syn. : compute, reckon, count, enumerate, estimate 
 byn. dis. : " To calculate is the generic term : the rest 
 are specific; comp^aat;on and reckoning are branches of 
 ca culation, or an application of those operations to fJ? 
 objects of which a result is sought. To H^^'Zs^l 
 hends arithmetical operations in general or mrf/Tni 
 applications of the science of n.imbe?s,Tn order to ob t^n ' 
 certain knowledge; to compute is t; fol a Iterical 
 estimate, though it s applicable to magnitude. clT/i 
 etymologically another form of compul, but its siSa 
 ^on IS nearer to that of reck<ya : it is to r;ckon one by one 
 to add up the individual items. Estimate is to compute 
 more generally as to estimato the average or prSe 
 market value of goods, distance, and the li^o,Tnrroul 
 manner. Enumerate is to tell the number b; expreTsl^ 
 ^he^item^^ and is a process of speech rather than o'f arUh? 
 
 Avoid the use of calculate as the equivalent of think or 
 believe; also avoid its more vulgar form when , tTf 
 expect, intend, purpose. As a synonym T^^'^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 when we say a thing is calculated to do hai „ 1 s ' e^it 
 also objectionable. ' ^ ^^^ ^ 
 
 tho bore of a gu.i. In letters : capacity of the mind • the Jx 
 tent ot mental or mtollectual qualities possessed by^i'one' 
 ^.yr^: gauge, diameter; capacity, ability, power, strength* 
 .\vn dis. : Metaphorically, calibre is used to express the 
 capacity or compass of mind, as, '^men of greater oi miller 
 cakbre "-roferring to their mental vigour'and attainmonts 
 It IS improper to apply it to the productions or eZrtTof 
 ho mind though this tiso is common, as in the since 
 1 Ins author's later works are of a higher c-aW..^ thanks 
 toruier writmirs o ^ 'o i^urtu nis 
 
 Oalumny.^... (kal'-llm-nl), slander, false accusation, the mafc. 
 i«ii :.ui. Hproadiag oi iepuri« injurious to character. 
 
 
SYNONVMS DlsCKlMmATED. ,,9 
 
 Persian islike thetetltl! -"^ ^"^ '""'^" '° >>» fa'se J <«- 
 
 1' brings no dttlreth" ri^CkTr''"^ ''""' ^^'^'■ 
 convey an unfavoumble imnLl- t"^ *"y '"^'ns '» 
 
 ter and conduct of anothm'^ X" "'"''''"^ "*■"'« "'«"■''<=- 
 ohea|«„ing another in ™b i. „-°*"'!«''<'» « '«>at mode of 
 consists in'grantingCt^^""^ bi,'"r'"' «»'"»ation which 
 ing them so as to diminish Tr t^ fT""*/' ''"» •»*«'-P«'t- 
 
 ing far and wide what itl^htnl^ P;'"'" ^ '' '» "•« ^I™""!- 
 differs from *>„J,t in tl'no? oT""r u^^"^- 
 secret and underhand r^ll^^ »<>' only public, but also 
 mntion riibellu., a lUtie book! P -r" "■'''"<'«■■ <"• ''"f'^ 
 ".Vt^rfo^, an indirect we r/ 7 '"''"«' '•'' " '"'•<«" ""t. 
 mVy him or h"s chaLZT ".r''?"" *" ""'^ '«" ■ we 
 
 '^7u,nl.'"'' "•' "'■"■ -"■-'. -^-turbed; stillness, pea... 
 
 Wollwlrtir^ **" °^"'' oW'™" tondencie, of Nature."- 
 " Thy life a long j»«, ,„,,„ „f ^,^,^ _.^^^ „ 
 
 Ant ' fff' r™"' "°"'''™^' «°"^"'<"' ; fanquillitv 
 ^^ Ant. . agitated, excited, ruffled, discom;osed, 'Si 
 
 Pom^J:nj™r«':j:,^f- .-.-Pressing " "tete. 
 and manners of a pLon 1 f T"'^ '^'^'' *» ">« «*>■ 
 thoughts and feelin/The „Z *''* T<""™ "f '"^ 
 ments, as well as to the ,h t? ""^/PPliod to the ele- 
 though it may refe, to t n r"t 'u""/ ''*'""8^- ^'«*'. 
 -lake, sea, etc^is m™! ±r "'fr* '=°'""*'»° "' ^ate; 
 the »,;„.,; a statorf&ttotf.^ ?'"•"'• »'^'*' »' 
 C«;r» respects the total ab^r<n? u '™°"'"^*"«»- 
 mnir lofi,,. *„ *i,. ii . T aosence of all perturbation o„j 
 
 " <w.;; as;,;;Ld' to! ho^,r;d1''"«^ ■" ^•"' - *° "Nat"«': 
 
 -napassi,Lis.t:r!:,;™,:ti:ro-.-^^^^^ 
 
 - iil-!1 
 
 i il 
 
[f 1 1 
 
 180 '^^^^ "'°" SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 ble to the exteinal circumstances of life than to temper or 
 mannei-s. A peaceful atmosphere in the natural and the 
 moral world is one in which there is no strife of warrinc. 
 elements. I'lacul denotes more than peaceful. One may 
 be peaceful on principle, but persons are p/acid by 
 nature. ^ ^ 
 
 candid mlj. {Lit white, bright, clear), Fig., free from n.alice. 
 or trom any intention to deceive. 
 
 Syn. : frank, fair, open, sincere, ingenuous, cordial. 
 
 Ant. : reserved, close, disingenuous, insincere. 
 
 byn. dis. : ''Candour arises from a conscious purity of 
 intention ; openness, from a warmth of feeling and a love 
 of communication ; sincerity, from a love of truth A 
 cand>d man will have no reserve when opermess is neces- 
 sary ; a sincere man will maintain a reserve only as far as 
 It IS consistent witlr truth. Frankness and candour may 
 be either habitual or occasional; ingenvousness is a per- 
 manent characteristic." Candour rnav refer to our iudff- 
 ment of others. ' ** * 
 
 Ciptious, adj., disposed to find fault; apt to cavil or raise 
 jections ; cross-grained. 
 
 Syn.: peevish, fretful, petulant, carping, censorious. 
 
 Ant. : appreciative, commendatory, laudatory, approving. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Captious marks a readiness to be offended*'- 
 ao88 indicates a readiness to ofiend ; peevish expresses a 
 strong degree of crossness ; fretful, a complaining impa- 
 tience ; petulant, a quick or sudden impatience or capri- 
 cious peevishness." Another writer aptly defines caption^' 
 as given to catching at defects or objections." and cro«s 
 as exhibiting a consciousness, with or without grounds' 
 of being thwarted. Cross-grained is that characteristic 
 trait or disposition which *' finds adversity and opi^osiaon 
 in every circumstance and person." 
 
 care, n., thoughtful attention ; uneasiness of mind , caution. 
 
 Syn.: concern, regard; solicitude, anxiety'; charee 
 management. ° ' 
 
 Ant.: inattention, newlftnt, inHiflforptjop .1:. j 
 
 lesaness. ' °~'' "'" ' -^--s-u, «*re- 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 Syn. (lis. : " Care and 
 
 131 
 
 concern consist l>oth of thought 
 
 and feeling ; but the latter has less of thought hang- 
 ing ; regard consists of thought only. Care solicit^l 
 and an^ety express mental^pain ii^ diCk d"' 
 care less than solicitude, and less than anceiety^'cZe 
 respects the past, present, and future ; solicitude ami 
 c^ety regard the present and future. ^;.:t:il t^^^^^^ 
 both charge and management ; but, in the strict sense it 
 comprehends personal labour : charge involves r^spons 
 bihty ; management includes regulation and order." 
 cause, n., the primal or original thing; anything which pro 
 dues an effect, v. to effect or produce, to ocLion ' 
 Syn. (n.) : reason, motive ; {v) occasion, create. 
 Ant. : effect, result, prodriction, issue. 
 Syn. dis. {n ) : ^'Cause respects the order and connection 
 of tlnngs; reason the movement and o,,erations oT he 
 nnnd'mot^ves, the movements of the mind and body or 
 the actions of a responsible being. Cause is properly C 
 
 ^ a ca^^e, but not every cause is a reason or a motive 
 ^Zi:j'l±rT'1^<^^?^^ reason. ni ZZ, 
 
 (v.) ''What is caused 
 
 seem, to follow naturally; what To^oca./:; IrfolwsTn 
 
 traSv "^i "'^^' r ""^^^^ .^^^^^^^^ i*« existen rarbl 
 traaily A wound causes pain, accidents occasion delav 
 but bodies create mischief." ^^^asion aeiay, 
 
 cautious, adj., very careful in conduct, discreet, watchful 
 Syn. : wary, circumspect; vigilant, watchful. 
 Ant. : rash, hasty, unguarded, reckless. 
 Syn. dis. : "The epithets cautious, wary, circumspect 
 denote a peculiar care to avoid evil or trouble hnuTSs 
 expresses less than the other two. It is necessarvToT 
 caut^ous at all times; to be wary in cases of LuU^. 
 
 ai7diLu\v'"'TTl '? "'^""" ^' I^^^'"^-^' d«^i"acy 
 ami difficulty. Vigilant denotes being keenly on the 
 
 I'wL'f '"^""'''' ' ^"^^ ^'^^'■•^ of^a^e/A.,/or 
 
 celebrate t;., to praise or extol ; fo render famous ; to honour 
 by niar'cs of joy or by ceremonies. "onour 
 
 1 
 
 iil 
 
ill 
 
 
 I 
 
 132 TIIK IIIGFI SCHOOL hNOLISII WORD BOOK. 
 
 Syn. : con.ine.uorate, distinguish, hotiour, solemnize, 
 byii. di8.: To celebrate is to rtistinguish by any marks 
 
 m/!e^ but what has been past. The latter term is confined 
 to whatever is thought of sufficient importance to be borne 
 
 riage or birthday is celebrated ; the anniversary of any 
 national event is commemorated. ^ 
 
 chance n that which happens without being contrived in 
 tended, or foreseen; accident, opportunity ''''''''''^^' '"- 
 Syn. : fortune, fate , probability ; hazard ; accident 
 Ant. : law, rule, sequence, purpose, design, certainty. 
 
 specific terms: chance applies to all things pe4nal or 
 
 18 personal. CAawce and probability are both employed 
 m forming an estimate of future events ; but the chaZt 
 either for or against ; the probability is always for a thin^ 
 Charge and hazard are terms employed to mark the courS 
 of futui^ events, which is not discernible by the human 
 eye. Chance denotes a hidden sensoless cause of t ™ 
 as opposed to a positive intelligent cause : aci^ier^t isusfd 
 only in respect to particular events, us it ,va. pure acciH 
 Cha^eable, adj., prone to change, wavering, unsettled, vola- 
 
 Syn. : variable, inconstant, fickle, mutable, versatile 
 firm,''steady!^'''"'' ""^"^^^'^"- ^^S^^^^^, settled, resolute, 
 
 Syn dis. :<^ Chargeable is said of persons or thin<.s • 
 mutabh IS said of things only : human beings are chanL'- 
 able human affairs are mutable. Changeable respectle 
 sentiments and opinions of the mind /.anaJ^/the sta e 
 of the feelings ; vnconstant, the affections ; Jlckle, the in 
 chnations and attax^hments ; versatile, the'aVi>li(;tion of 
 the talents Char^eabU, variable, incort.taJ and fi^kt 
 as applied to persons, are taken in a bad sense ; hut versa- 
 tihty IS a natural gift, which may be emnlovo.) . ' 
 ousiy." VersatUe, though meaning in' its otyn.o'og 
 
 ttiiKa^'c- 
 
SYNONYMS DISCKIMINATKD, 
 
 m- 
 
 1.33 
 
 
 oeno cs easily applied to a new task, or to various sub 
 jects, as a man of versatile or prolific genius. 
 
 Character, n., personal qualities or attributes, good or bad • 
 a man's moral and mental constitution. " ' 
 
 B-'n. : rei)utation, credit, tiMuperaraont. 
 
 S/n. dis. : " Character lies in the man • if ,*« f l,« i 
 of what 1,0 is ; it shows itself .y^: -Tl^^Z tZI 
 feo« depends upon other., it is' what they tlZk of£" 
 
 gei eraiiy. Character is used of tlin wl,,o« V 
 
 exists anterior to and independent of his renutatim, If 
 IS possible for a man to havi a fair repuZ[:^'^^o7L not 
 in reality a good character; althou-h men of re.llt i 
 
 IS that trustworthiness which is based upon what is known 
 
 discriminate ly, without noting that r.p.^a^.on s reX th" 
 lesult of character; character repn'sentina wl.tf 
 essont ally is, and reputation, the esCatn fn Ich o" 
 •18 held One leaves behind him a reputaticm ^Jd or ba'l 
 no. a charact^. The etymology of the two wiiltii he In 
 to distinguish them in the minds of those apt LconK 
 the terms : ch<^acter signifies an impression or ^1^^ 
 figumtively the word is employed for the m^ral mni 
 which distingMishes one man from another 2./^ 
 comes from the Pr. reputer, Lat. r.;>u.o, To think S^^^^^ 
 nihes what is thought of a person. ' « 
 
 Choose, V to take by preference out of several things offered • 
 to pick, select, prefer (pei-sons, it may be). " ' 
 
 Syn. : prefer, select, elect, adopt. 
 Ant. : reject, refuse, discard. 
 Svn. dis. : "To t^h^r^oo io f., jr.. 
 
 BpeJie.,: we '^^'cUo::^';^;^^^^^^ 
 always j>ref„ .u choosing. To oA„o« isto take o„c tl,!;?^ 
 
 4 
 it 
 
1 
 
 
 134 TiiK HIGH school English word book. 
 
 from among others ; to jnefer is to take one thing before 
 or rather than, anotlier. * * Our choice is good or bad' 
 according to knowledge ; our preference is just or unjust' 
 according as it is sanctioned by reason. One who wants 
 instruction, chooses a master, but he will mostly jyre/er a 
 teacher whom he knows to a perfect stranger, * * # 
 To choose does not always ' spring from an'y particular de- 
 sign or preference ; to pick and select signify to choose with 
 care. * * Choosing is the act either of one person or 
 of many ; election is always that of a number ; it is per- 
 formed by the concurrence of many voices." 
 
 Circui&stance, n., that which stands round a thin</ or is 
 attached to anothei- ; an attendant state of things. * 
 
 Syn. ; situation ; incident, fact, event, occurrence. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Circumstance is to situation as a part to a 
 whole ; many circwkstances constitute a situation; a situ 
 ation IS an aggregate of circumstances. Circumstance 
 respects that which externally affects us : situation is em- 
 I)loyed both for the outward circumstances and the inward 
 feelings. Incident and fact are species of circumstances • 
 incident is what ha])pens, fact is what is done ; cirmm- 
 stance is not only what hapi)ens and is done, but whatever 
 is or belongs to a thing." 
 
 cite, u, to call upon authoritatively ; to adduce as an author- 
 ity, to bring forward or adduce as an example. 
 Syn. : quote, recount, summon, call, adduce. 
 Ant. : discard, contradict, disprove, discredit. 
 Syn. dis. : " To cite is employed for pei-sons or thin^rs • 
 to quote for things only ; authors are cited, passages from' 
 their works are quoted ; we cite only for authority ; we 
 quote for general purposes or convenience. * * ^The 
 idea of calling a person authoritatively to appear is com- 
 mon to the terms cite and summon. Cite is used in a gen- 
 eral sense ; summon, in a particular and technical sense • 
 a person may be cited to appear before his superior ; he is 
 summoned to appear before a court : the station of the in- 
 dividujil gives authority to the act of citi^Kj ; the law itself 
 gives authority to that oY summoning." 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 135 
 
 claim, n., a d(;mand for any tiling as one's due or right. 
 
 Syn. : demand, right, pretension, privilege, prerogative. 
 
 Ant. : disclaimer, surrender, abjuration. 
 
 Syn. dia. : " Claim suj.poses an acknowledged right ffe- 
 mand, either a disputed right or the absence of all ri'aht 
 and a simple determination to have it. Riffht is not, hko 
 claim and Jeonand developed, but lies, as it were, do,-- 
 mant. It is the latent power to claim or demand upon 
 occasion. Pretension is the holding out the appearance of 
 right or possession, without directly urging it. Primlege 
 18 a right, immunity, or advantage possessed by some, but 
 not enjoyed by others. Prerof/ative denotes a right of pre- 
 cedence, or of doing certain acts, or enjoying cerLn 
 privileges, to the exclusion of othera." 
 
 Clandestine, oe^i., (klSn-dgs'-tm) Lit, hidden from davlic^ht • 
 kept back from public view or knowledge for a bad purpose.' 
 
 Syn. : secret, hidden, private, underhand. 
 
 Ant. : open, unconcealed, public, unreserved. 
 
 Syn dis. : ''Clandestine expresses more than secret. To 
 do a thing clandestinely is to elude observation : to do a 
 thing secretly is to do it without the knowledge of any one • 
 what IS clandestine is unallowed, which is not necessarily 
 the case with secret." * * - V/hnt is secret is known 
 to some one ; what is hidden may be known to no one • it 
 rests m the breast of an individual to keep a thing secret • 
 
 tidZ^%::X:r' '' ''^^^^ '' ^^^^'^^ ^-^"^^^^^ 
 
 close, t' (kloz), Fig., to end, to bring to a conclusion, to con- 
 summate. 
 
 Syn. : finish, conclude, complete, end. 
 
 Ant. : open, begin, initiate ; protract. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "To close is to bring to an end : to dnish is 
 to maKe an end : to conclvde is a species of Jlnishing, that 
 18 to my.Jinishiwj in a certain manner ; we always finish 
 when we conclude, but we do not always conc/wrf/when 
 ^^ finish. A history is closed at a certain reign: it is 
 
 finished whpn hrniifrVif +« +K 
 
 V 1'^^ VtlTT 
 
 jienoil proposed : it is con- 
 
 auded with a recapitulation, it may be, of the leading 
 
136 THE H.OH SCHOOL KSOUSU WORD HOOK. 
 
 events." * # "Tf Ju „ i i ti , . 
 
 wish to close his career fn Hfl K ''""'T? ^" «^^">^"»« *« 
 
 whatever he underS^es t^ L?T?'''^' ^"'^ ^« >-^* 
 othera." ^«^^'^i'^«s to tlie siitisfactiou of himself and 
 
 commercial, adj., pertaining to. or conne.h. I •.. 
 
 meree ; relating to tmde or traffic. '"""''*^'*' ^'^h, con.- 
 Syn. : mercantile. 
 
 Syn. dis. : 'Vommercialis the widest tprm i • 
 times made to embrace viercantir In fh ^' *^^"§ ««'»«- 
 
 busmoss; and, aa .omm«,i relatesltriot v r"* '"" "' 
 change of commodities, so 7«e™«„/^« i ! ^ '" "'^ «''- 
 when brought to marSt » "'""""'« '■«''"«'' <» their sale 
 
 common, adj., iwrtaining or relating i„ .11 • 
 
 inferior character or quality ^ *" '" gO"""*' i of 
 
 Syn : vulgar," ordinary, mean, commonplace, „niven.al 
 
 and^J:^.,/c'te rrifofiSrA''"'^-- 
 
 >8 unlimited in its aimlication^ it Z7 T J^^'f <^<">"»o„ 
 
 hned; vulgar, to oolite anri ^,,1;- P^^j^^*^ to rare and re- 
 distinguished J^nXli nobt"^^^ "^"^^T^' ^« the 
 unique and strking^nzW^^^ J^^^o,.^/«c., to the 
 
 V^dga^ implies pfetens on and .f^ '^' ^"^ Particular." 
 ostent^tious dispCand the fff ' ™^"^^'^^^« ^^self in 
 and social position^ ""^""''^^ P^^^^^ of wealth 
 
 compensation, w., what is given to s.mni^ , 
 
 good a deficiency. ^ ^"^^^^ * '^^s or make 
 
 factfon."' ^•^'""^-^*--' -ompense, requital, reward, satis- 
 tyn dis''"T""' "^"'^' ^^Wn^ont, damage. 
 
 mad^for^dily\ror^t^ot^"^•'^^^ ^-^^ ^* - 
 
 tained : in the latter c^se lusticer ^"''''7 ^^"J"'-^ «"«- 
 
 beeoHRl ,-n ,..,!.,. .v_ ,T,' J".'**^^^ i-equires that it «hn„H 
 
 . ,..., ,, ,,,fc „^^ ^^^ j^^^^^ ^^ ^j^^^ which islost 
 
SYNONYMS DISCKIMINATKD. 
 
 or injiu-ed. Remunernt 
 
 137 
 
 'on is made for montal 
 
 for literary, civil, or politicnl services 
 voluntary, both as to the 
 
 tions 
 reconipensi 
 
 V ICC and the returns • it 
 
 IS 
 
 i. r . °^' * "-^' '''^^^'^ uie returns • if iu .,,-. 
 
 competition, n, strife f(«- superiority. 
 Syn. : emulation, rivalry. 
 Ant. : partnership. 
 
 Syn. dis. : ''Competition and emnlnfin^, fi, i ^^ 
 ticularly-have honour for tLh W ~ / ^'\*<^f l'^»- 
 desire for selfish .nctiHcation ".^; -/^^^^^ - 
 
 to gain something desirable withT l?r ! 1 ^**^'"'*^ 
 
 ~.ingattho^.meti4rtX^^^^ 
 
 position of the mind tnwuvla .>.,..<.; i ^^F"-»ses a uis- 
 
 exp^ese, both » Jtirri'r r^o^^^^* ^t:!:?! 
 
 complaisance, n. (kom'-pis-zans' or k6m-„las' tn^i » ^,- 
 
 urbi'ty. """' ^o-'— '0-. Ability, oo„te.y; 
 Ant. : churlishness, moroseness, austeiity 
 
 apprJohes,; c««A,:l,'^°nf:' from [f"' "''""' ""<' 
 suohasarea,,«„de„tonthe„.too™Zt:l,ITo":;:nt'2 
 
 those fotmerly at enmity 
 
 Syn. : reconcile, pacify, proj.itiate, enlist. 
 
 or vanan 
 
 iendahip 
 
 jf '^ 
 
 I 
 
11 , 
 
 If i 
 
 138 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Ant. : alienate, irritate, esnange. 
 
 Syn. dis. : ''Conciliate and recovcih are both employed 
 in the sense of unitin- men's uflections, but under different 
 circumstances. The conciliafor gets the good-will and 
 affections for himself the reconciler unites the affections 
 of two persons to each other. The conciliatfjr may either 
 gam new affections, or regain those which are lost : the 
 reconciler always either renews affections which have been 
 once lost, or fixes them where they ought to be fixed. The 
 best means of conciliating esteem is by reconciling all that 
 are at variance." 
 
 conclusive, adj., putting an end to debate or argument • 
 leading to a conclusion or determination. ' 
 
 Hyn. : final, decisive, ultimate, definitive. 
 
 Ant. : unceitain, dubious, hypothetical, indeterminate. 
 
 Syn. dis : These terms agree in expressing that char- 
 acter of what is said or done which leaves no room for 
 subsequent modification or procedure. Conclusive is com- 
 monly used of that which terminates agreement or debate 
 by ite overwhelming or irresistible force, as '' a, conclunve 
 proof, " conclusive evidence "; Jinal, to that which brings 
 with It an intentional end. Decisive is that which has the 
 I»ower of prompt or summary determination, as "& decisive 
 victory'; uUimate denotes that beyoml which allattemiits 
 to go are stopjied, a^ " an ultinuite concession.'* 
 
 conduce, «., to lead or tend to; to help forward some 
 object or purpose. 
 
 Syn. : contributf;, tend, promote, forward, advance. 
 
 Ant. : neutralize, defeat, indisi^se, counteract. 
 
 Syn. dis.: "Tend is used of anything likely to brine 
 a»)out or to contribute to a given end, hence, it is used of 
 a single cause, as "idleness tends to i)overty." Conduce 
 expresses more distinctly than tend the separate existence 
 of cause and efflftct. The term is employed of that which 
 Imds to a favourable or desirable end, not to the contrary 
 We speak of things as conducive to happiness, not U) 
 misery. Contrthnte denoU^n partial causation, which is 
 shared with other things of like Umdencv, while one thine 
 sitj-tiTr ixizxj v-wtitxtc-c w; unng aDOUt a i-esult." 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATKD. 
 
 139 
 
 to 
 
 confirm, v., to add Btrength to, to fix or settle, to assure. 
 
 Syn. : cori-oborate, establish, ratify, strengthen. 
 
 Ant. : weakfm, shake, upset, refute, cancel. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "The idea of strengthening is common to all 
 these terms, but undei- different circumstances : amjirm is 
 used generally ; corroborate, only in particular instances 
 Conjirm lespects the state of a person's mind, and what- 
 ever acts upon the mind: a testimony may be confirme-l 
 or corrobomte'i ; hwt the thing confirms, the person cor- 
 roborates. Established in en\\)\oyi^(\' w[{\x regard to what- 
 ever is external: a report is confirmed, a reputation 
 established." 
 
 conformable, adj., having the same form or 8ha|>e with 
 another; like, resembling, corresponding, compliant. 
 
 Syn. : agreeable, suitable. 
 
 Ant. : unconfornuible, unagreeable, unsuitable. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Covfimnable is employed for matters of 
 obligation ; agreeable, for raattei-s of choice ; suitable for 
 matttn-s of propriety and discretion. What is covfiyniiable 
 accords with some prescribed form or given rule of othei-s • 
 what is agreeable accords with the feelings, tempei-s, or 
 judgments of oui-selves or othei-s ; what is suitable accirds 
 with outward circumstances." 
 
 confute, v., to prove to be wrong or false ; to convict of 
 error by argiuuent or proof. 
 
 Syn. : disprove, refute, imi)ugn. 
 
 Ant. : prove, establish, maintain, corroborate. 
 
 Syn. difl. : «' To confute applies both to the arguer and 
 the argunxmt : it is to overwhelm by decisive argument 
 Refute is to repel by the same kind of argument, and so 
 applies to what is alleged against one, as charges, calum- 
 nies, and the like, to which confute is not applied in the 
 same sense." "An argument is vonfuted by proving its 
 fallacy ; a charge is refuted by proving one's innocence • 
 an assertion ih disproved by proving that it is false." "/m- 
 ;«/</« denotes a hostile attitut.d in argument, and calls in 
 question what is stated or alleged, as, ' the truth of his 
 statements was ivtpuynrd' " 
 
 
 ■ 
 
140 
 
 TIIK HfGII SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 lii^ 
 
 I 
 
 consequently, <uh., by necessary connection of effects with 
 their causes; m consequence of something ^"^^'^'^ ^'^^ 
 
 ^^::Z^::;^'^'^ -^-^^^ ^-^e, .hence, 
 
 Ant. : irrelevantly, inconsecpiontly 
 
 Syn. dis. : « These words all mark 'the drawing of a con 
 dusion frc^ something which hn^ been said ^a^,remTso' 
 Conseq^mntly expresses a definite conclusion but i« Ju " 
 used of logical inferences. It rather rXis ^'It:; 
 
 Prootll^t i^TW" ^^'^'^'f'^^ ^"""^ <^ i»f«^«noe and 
 word for ^^^, JZ.:^l Ji^Z;^:^ 
 
 consider, u., to think on with care ; to look at carefully 
 Syn : reflect, ponder, meditate, weigh, contemplate. 
 Ant. : disregard, ignore, conjecture, despise 
 Syn. dis. : " The operation of thought is exnresse,! in 
 an hese words, but in the ca.e of tor^clerZTrl^ 
 p^uticular ly, it vanes in the circumsbtnces of the aS 
 Consvderatum ^^ en.ployed for practical purposes rX^^^ 
 for matters of speculation or moral iraproVemeAt 00^ 
 mon objects call for comideration ; the working aft?' 
 mmd itself, or objects purely spiritual rip;^^^^^^^^^^ 
 MedUuHon is internal; contempLon eit^rnah X Z' 
 for instance, nieditates ; the ,u,tro„omer corUempl<Ues/ ' 
 consistent, m/j., uniform, not contmdict«ry or opposed. 
 Syn. : consonant, accordant, compatible. 
 Ant. ; incoherent, incongruous, inconsistent. 
 Syn. dis. : - Condseent signifies the quality of being able 
 to st.md m unison together: consislnt is^ emlyed in 
 matters of conduct, consonant in matte.^ of repre Stion 
 accordant m matters of opinion or sentiment. ' A pe i^soS 
 conduct IS not always consistent with his station a Z 
 tioular account is accordant v,ith .ill ..n. K...... ..."'_''''' 
 
 a subject , a i,articular passage is co^in^mr^ith i; wMe 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATRD. 
 
 141 
 
 ^usMnt '^"■''•^"•;T: (^'o'-P-iiM. denotes an .xtran 
 
 Sr hlr.K *'''" '^'''^ '° '""•'''"'•' «'• «^ ^^« to each 
 other, that thing is comjHitihle witli another which may 
 
 exist under similar conditions." ^ 
 
 consummate, v (kOn'-sam-at), to finish by conmletin« 
 what was projected, a,ij. (k^n-sam'-at).. cairied to he ut'^ 
 most extent or degree. 
 
 compfe'ted'^ '"^ '""^'''^' "^ ^""''^ ' ^'*''^'^ l'"^^"^*^' «"^«^'^J' 
 
 Ant. : inteirnpt, frustrate, nullify, niar, spoil, defeat- 
 faulty, defective, imperfect. *^ , uereat , 
 
 Syn. dis : - Completion is the filling up of a design or 
 purpose; a work is completed when the plan of it fs re- 
 alized. Comunwmticm is applied to mattei-s which mu.st 
 reach a certain degree or extent to mak<, them comple^ 
 Completion XB more external, consummation move internal" 
 Consummation is the completion of the idea or definition • 
 It is a so used in the sense of a gathering up in one of 
 many things ; as ' the event of to-day is ihe'^coLummatil 
 of the hopes of many years.' " 
 
 contrive, v., to nlan out; to frame or devise. 
 
 Syn : devise, invent, concert, manage, plot, scheme. 
 Ant. : chance, hit, venture, hazard, bungle. 
 
 •irff "'"••' *"*"?• ^^^<'•*■''^ denotes cffort%r a series of 
 •Itor. c. inventiveness: it is to form, find, or aiiant 
 meau« u> an end by the exercise of practical ingenuity 
 Devm implies not so much the finding ways of usin^; 
 means as finding the means themselves. Invent reui-e" 
 sents the practical aspect of contrive, the invention btt^nrr 
 the more perfect in proportion to the lasting chai^ter of 
 the contrivance. Concert commonly impHes the ioint 
 assistance of othe.-s ; irmmufe denotes rather a judicious or 
 ready employment of means extemporized o'n the occa- 
 
 olOTl. 
 
 convene, v to come together for a ptibHc purr)oso • to 
 to jissemble. ' ' 
 
 oyn. ; convoke, assemble, meet, join, unite. 
 Ant. : dispems dismiss, disband, scatter. 
 
 caijso 
 
 f iM 
 
if. 
 
 "I 
 
 142 TiiK irirjFi school enolisii wokd-book. 
 
 Syn. dis: "Tlie idea of collecting innny persons into 
 one place, for a specific pu.pos(3, is conm.on to the terms 
 convene, convoke, and assemble. Assemble conveys this 
 se^ise without any addition ; cm^vene and co,.ro^. include 
 likewise some collateral idea. There is nothing impera! 
 tive on the part of those that as..m,ble or .or.^^nd 
 nothing binding on the part of those assembled ov conimed 
 one assembUs or conve^ies l.y imitation or irquest: one 
 attends to the notice or not at pleasure. Convoke, on the 
 other hand IS an act of auth<,rity : it is the call of one who 
 has the authority to give the c;ill ; it is heeded by those 
 who eel themselves bound to attend. Where th/power 
 IS lodged equally m the hands of many, cv>«t,.r.e seems the 
 more suitab?.> term, and convoke when peculiar power of 
 summoning s lodged in the hands of a single pe/^on." 
 
 '"'"''ItSd'^a^k.''' ^""'"''' "''"^°"^«^ ^ «l-«^'h i «"«y unre- 
 Syn. : collo^piy, conference, dialogue, discourse, chat 
 tacfturnity.^''''''^'' '''''*'''"' nionologue, soliloquy; silence, 
 
 •^yndxH.:^^ Conversation is verbal intercourse of an un- 
 premeditated kind, in which any number of pei^ons may 
 Uike part. Coloquy is u species of dialogue indefinite al 
 to number, but restricted as to subject, in which each ,>er 
 son pi^sent contributes remarks pertinent to the matter in 
 hand Without the rigidity of a public meeting. Conf^ 
 ence has more of form, being a colloquy on ur^^nt or mib- 
 hc and national aftairs, where some line of action has to be 
 tjiken or some expression of opinion published authorifci- 
 tively. I)mhc,m is commonly, though not necessarily 
 restricted to two speakers ; discourse m consecutive s.HJech 
 
 tTXl^> '""^ """ '"''' ^'''""'' "^" " ^'i^«" ^^^ of 
 
 corporal, adj., of or relating to the bo,ly ; pertaining to the 
 animal frame m its proper sense. 
 
 Syu. : bodily, cor|)oreal, material, fleshly, physiod. 
 Adv. : mental, moml, spiritual. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Corporal and corryoreal both ni«an .nlufj^^ 
 to the body, but under different aspects of it ; coTy^yt^al 
 
 i f 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 148 
 
 relating to t]w substance; corpweal, to the nature of the 
 boiiy; while bodilij denotes, more generally, connected with 
 the body; hdice, corporal immnhment, corporeal existence 
 Oodily vigour, pains, or shape. Material re.spect.s all bodies 
 uianinuite a& well as animate. Corj>oreal is distinguished 
 from spiritual ; bo./ily from mental : the world contains 
 corporeal beings, and consists of niaterial substances." 
 
 crime, w., a violation or breaking of some human or divine 
 la'v ; a serious fault ; iniquity. 
 
 Syn. : vice, sin, guilt, offence, ti-espass, misdeed, misde- 
 meanour. 
 
 Ant. : duty, obligation, well-doing. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "A crime is a social, a vice, a personal offence • 
 every action which does injury to others, cuther in.livid..- 
 ally or collectively, is a dim ; that which does iniurv to 
 oui-selves is a vice. Sin in a depa.ture from a divine law 
 or any law i-egarded as of a divin«. or sacml ehanicter. GuUt 
 18 a stjite, the state of one who has infringiid or violated 
 any moral or political law, or to whom anything wrong 
 even as a matter of taste or judgment, may' be attributed! 
 Mtsffenieanour is a minor crime under the purely social 
 aspect of crime : in common parlance it is used in tlie 
 sense of miscoruluct. Any crime less tlian a felony or 
 any for which the law has not furnished a name, would be 
 a misdemeanour. Offence (Lat, offendere, to stumbl.. 
 against), is indefinite and very general in its ai)plication ■ 
 trespass is an oflence of which i\x^ essence consists in ^oin.^ 
 bfiyond certain allowable or right limits." " 
 
 crisis, n., the decisive point in any importjint affair. 
 
 Syn. : conjuncture, emergency, t^xigency, turning-point. 
 
 Ant. : course, ordainment, provision. 
 
 Syn. dis. : ''Crisis (Gr. krisis, a decision) denotes liter- 
 ally what decides or turns the scale. It is connnonly 
 usetl as a turning-point in affairs, before it is known 
 whether the issue will be for better or woi-se. Conjunct 
 ture 18 a compound crisis, or a state which renults from 
 
 ^ .,. — ,., „, ^Tjiv-cTiiiai t;iix,-uinru«iace5 to lori^ it. 
 
 hmergency is an unforeseen occiirrence or combination 
 whic) calls for inime*liate action. Kxiytmey is a minor 
 
 » 
 
 i 
 
 J 
 
 i I 
 
144 
 
 TMK II ran s(.|„)ol knoli.sh word-book. 
 
 it jB 
 
 
 I! 
 
 enH'igi.nry. A mW.v is il.e hi-h-w 
 aHair which irnnR.. I lately precedes a d 
 
 wrought state of any 
 
 I1 
 
 may be Uvonv^T^i^-^l^^'-^S" I -conjuncture 
 
 pt^r^s, ■ "'' •'^'""'^ ''"■^'='«'' 'o ""Pavement T; 
 Syn. : Culture, civilization, refinement ; tillage 
 Ant. : neglect, discouragement, extirpation ' 
 
 in Ilf^'l ".^"'""'t'on i« used both in a physical and 
 
 n a metaphoneal sense. It denotes the use of art Zl 
 
 aboui- and all things needful to the i.roducti^n Z t 
 
 things as grow out of the soil. The ^me WeT,° """•• 
 
 the metaphorical or moral use of the tc™, Ti^ h"^ *? 
 
 rtir.:;ts""e"'^"' ° ••"■ """""" '-•''^« ». -f Titetut 
 1 s;.:ciHc'^;,.i^r o? sr';rj.,za„5» '"t 
 
 tion for the sake of its ameliWtinn ^ ^ '"■""'""■ 
 
 t^^rn, is used of the o^Z^'"i^^Zj:r^::T ""' 
 
 second a h.gh condition of intellectual cu tu -1 Tn fh! 
 liberal arts and social mannere." »«ituie in the 
 
 "■^ m^ie"' "■'"'"""" '■"'"*'*"'" "' ""' »*"» -'; <«t,iblished 
 
 p^riptit"""' """""• ""'"""'• •"-«-«' '""'it, usage, 
 anct'"' '' '""'■ "'"• ■^K"''"'""' dictate, disuse, non-ohaerv- 
 
 Syi^ (lis : " Custom is an habitual practice whether ->f 
 individuals or communities. It difle/s fro m*,!^^, • .u"' 
 UabU is applicable exclusively to i vi, 3 «n1 1" ^' 
 t^iat the stage is inched when bv a reltitim, T^ 
 the ««,„,„ is no longer pu«=ly v„l„nta^'."'X^ °'„"^ 
 sides its primary mcanins of shaiw, „. .f...... _',""' ^ 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATRD. j^g 
 
 scientific manner, h8 manner is natmal method. Practice 
 has the two senses of a regular doing, and the thtg 
 regularly done. U.age implies longer establishment than 
 
 , D. 
 
 aanger, n., a state of exposure to injury or loss of any kind. 
 " But new to aU the damjerx of the main. "—Pope. 
 
 Syn. : peril, hazard, risk, jeopardy. 
 
 Ant. : security, safety. 
 
 mon^' ^U lu' ^^' ^^"* °^ "^^"^^ ^'^ uncertainty is com- 
 mon to all hese terms : danger and peril n.ay .sometin.es 
 be seen and calculated upon ; but hazard Li risk a ^ 
 purely contingent. The danger and peril are applied to a 
 positive evil ; the hazard may simply respect the loss of a 
 good ; risks are voluntarily run from the hoiie of good " 
 Crabb says perils are more remote than dangers. - Jeo- 
 pardy (bi,jeu parti, drawn game) may exclude all volun- 
 tary agency, which is in.plied in hazard and risk, and- 
 unhke peril, is applied to things of value aa well as to 
 persons." * »» wj 
 
 date, n., the point of time at which anything happened, or is 
 upi^omted to happen; the period of time during whid' 
 any season or thing is in existence. 
 
 Syn. : i)niiod, era, epoch, time, age, generjition. 
 Syn. dis. : " Of those, the most general is time, which 
 means unmeasured duration, or any specific measure or 
 point of It ; date is a point, and not a duration of time 
 bearing reference to the whole historic course of time 
 within which It occurs. Period is, properly, a recurrent 
 portion of time, or a stage in history which may itself be 
 included among other stages ; era is used both for a fixed 
 point of time, and for a succession of years dating from that 
 point; epoch is an era constituted by the inherent im- 
 portance of an event, while an era may be arbitmry. Aae 
 and generation hiive nearly the same meaning; but ageh 
 taken broadly for such periods as cninoule wifK *k^7^:-x 
 lives of human beings, and so is extended to meanVcen- 
 tm y, y^hi]e gmeration rather refers to the average dura- 
 
m 
 
 i! 
 
 If I 
 
 146 THK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOKIMSOOK. 
 
 tion of i.ulivi.lual life, and frequently means thirty yea.-s." 
 I'enod is often misused for date or time. 
 
 debar, v., to shut out, exclude, prevent, stop, oppose 
 
 Ant. : admit, enclose, eiribmce, entitle, qualify, permit 
 Syn. dis. : ^^Mar indicates merely an act of prevent- 
 ing power in reference to those things which we do our- 
 selves, or which come about as the act of others, or of 
 circumstances. Deprive denotes th(. coercive taking awav 
 of what one possesses, either in fa^t or in prospect? while 
 debar i^lates o what one does not as a fact possess or at- 
 tain to Fro/ub^t and forfnd have the force of interdiction 
 by authority, or debar, m^; by the use of words of command 
 
 mXS 'r ^'^^" ^y- 'T'^''''^ »'"»^«"'^^ ^"d inherent 
 piohibit on from somt, privilege, office, or .lignity ; exclude 
 
 m^Z"^ ''"' ' ^"'" '' '^ "^^^"^« bVindirect 
 
 debate, n., contention in words ; discussion between two or 
 more persons; v., to argue, to combat, to contest. 
 Syn. : deliberate, argue, dispute, discuss, contend. 
 Ant. ; yield, concede, admit, allow, surrender. 
 
 nr fl;"^' '^'f ■//^*' ''**'*'^ supposes always a contr.-.rioty of 
 or»mion; to dehherate supposes simply the weighing or es- 
 timating the value of the opinion that is offered To 
 nrgue is to say all that can be said for or against a propo- 
 sition or a case ; to disjmte is always antagonistic : it is to 
 argue against something as held or nmintained by another 
 Contmd. IS the opposite t« dispute; for, as dispute is to 
 attack and endeavour to shake what is held or advanced 
 by another, so contend is to argue urgently in favour and 
 support of something held by oneself. Lcuss is mo"e 
 commonly applied to nmttei-s of opinion, while debate be- 
 longs rather to action or pi oce<M lings." 
 
 ^^^wW-^'f ^ '"''^'"''^ intentionally; to cause to believe 
 what IS false, or not to believe what is true. 
 
 Syn : delude, mislead, beguile, ensnare, imrK)8e ui>on. 
 Ant. r onhghten, : nw^, disabuse, iilumine. 
 
SYNONYMS DISCniMlNATKD. 
 
 147 
 
 Syn. dis.: "To deceive is the most genemi of thesr 
 er,u« : ,t signifies simply to produce a false c-onviction : 
 io dehuh ami to impose upon are proi.erly species of de- 
 cemr^, including accessory ideas : ^decepL, does riot 
 aKvays suppose a fViult on the part of a person ./."w 
 but a dehision does : a person is sometimes deceived in 
 «tses where deception is unavoidable ; he is deluded throu.d, 
 a voluntary blindness of the unde.stnn.liu^. ; nuslead mil 
 be volun ary Be^nU is to place anotlu^'in a false" o' 
 sition, to induce him to believe a thin^. afHrmed :.h trl.e 
 
 b^t^d^;;^^^" ^'^ ^"'^^^^^"^^^ ^^''^" --'•' -'--"^ 
 
 decide, v., to terminate or settle ; to form a deHnite ..pinion. 
 
 Syn. : det«ninine, resolve, conclude upon. 
 
 Ant. : waver, doubt, drop, suspend. 
 
 Syn, dis. : ''To decide expresses an intellectual result- 
 determine and resolve moral results. I decide Mccor.lin.. to 
 my jud^rinont: I determine aecordin- to my purpos.."- I 
 resolve ^H combining the two, and implying a sort of ph.i.r^. 
 given o myself to carry out or firmly act with dote ,. {na- 
 tion what I have decided upon. To co^udude upon is pro- 
 perly to come to a final determination. Decidi expresses 
 more than determine, and determine more than conclude:' 
 
 decree, n., an edict or law made by a sujKirior authority • the 
 decision or order of a court. ' 
 
 Syn. : edict, proclamation, law, statute, rule, regulation. 
 
 Ant. : intimation, hint, suggestion. 
 
 Syn. dis. : - In decree the leading idea is absolute obli- 
 g^ition ; in edict, absolute authority : hence, decree is used 
 largely of any binding power, as the dec^-ees of fate Pro 
 chmation is a published oi-der emanating from the sov- 
 ereign or supreme magistrate, and bears reference to 
 specific occasions, as ( etermined upon in council, and not 
 provKled for by the law of the, laml. Uw, in its wiSer 
 sense, IS t^.e authoritatne expression of will on the part of 
 any rightful governing power, and in its politica/sense 
 J. ...mB.,..^ C -xx.twj^ uvoiy u.'pai Einent of the SUiU^ ^'Uit- 
 ute IS commonly applied to the acts of a legislative body 
 composed of repres.utativ, g of the people. I^e.yalution is 
 
 f H 
 
. I 
 
 m. 
 
 
 lit 
 [I 
 
 ill 
 
 in 
 
 
 148 THK iriOH SCHOOL KNOLISH WORD noOR. 
 
 a governing .linotion of a State, .lopartnicnt, institution 
 or an aswocmtion for a Kpecific purpose, and may be only ol 
 a t(Mn|)orary character." 
 
 decry, v., to cry down, to censure, to clamour against. 
 
 Syn. : disparage, depreciate, deti-act, degi-ade, traduce. 
 
 Ant. : extol, praise, laud, eulogize. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " The idea of lowering by words the current 
 value, is common to most of these terms. Decry i-elates 
 primarily to the inherent value of th^ thing itself; de;rreci- 
 ate to the estimate of it as formed or expresscKi by oneself • 
 (hsparage to the estimate as formed by others. We diJ- 
 parage a man's r»erformance by 8i)eaking slightinc/ly of it • 
 we detract from the merits of a person by ascribin^^ hig suc- 
 cess to chance ; we tratluce him by handing ubout tales 
 that are untavourable to his reputation." 
 
 defer, v., to yield or give way to the opinion of another • to 
 put off, retard, adjourn. * 
 
 Syn. : delay, postpone, prolong, protract, procrastinate. 
 
 Ant. : hasten, quicken, expedite, press, urge. 
 
 Syn (lis. ; " To delay is simply to place an indefinite 
 term between the present and the commencement of tJie 
 thing delayed : this may be either a voluntary act or the 
 result of circumstances. In this point, defer differs from 
 delay expressing always a voluntary act : defer is moi-e 
 specific ; delA)i,y, more indefinite. Postpone implies a definite 
 intention to resume what for the present is put off- pro 
 craM>nate is to delay, defer or postpone through indolence 
 or g.nieral unwillingness to commence action. Prolona 
 fiXiA protract differ from the former in implying something 
 actually commenced, as a period or a transaction • there m 
 very little difference between them ; but we commonly 
 use protract m the sense of contriving to lengthen." 
 
 delicate, adj., of a fine texture; nice or pleasing to the 
 taste ; nice and discriminating in the perception of beauty 
 or deformity ; considerate of the wishes and feeJin-s of 
 others. =» "* 
 
 Syn. : nice, fine, dainty, soft, sensitive, fragile. 
 Ant. : coaiije, raw, rough, common; robust%igorous. 
 
 ■ ! 
 
 < f 
 
SYNONYMS DISCKIMiNATEI). j ^y 
 
 Syn. (lis. : "These teiius are all emnloved hn^K «f *k 
 cI.H..uoter of objects and of the facnlties'S .^reeive and 
 treat of then.. As to the quality of obiectsThl^?^ / /• . 
 which is refinedly a^eeal, oJ^^^;^':'^ 
 cultivated taste. When used of i>ersons, in aToml S^ 
 the term express^ an appreciation of what is extrin^^lT; 
 dehca e, a shrinking from harshness and coarsene^^^^"^ 
 sideration of others, and an appreciation of the lis Z' 
 mment beauties and graces of things. Mce, when^pHed 
 to objects, 18 not a word of high meaning Itlnd^^l 
 such a degree of excellence or agi-eeablenfss as ^ilet 
 general would approve or enjoy. ^ When used ofZlo s 
 or their powers of discrimination, it seems to VS 
 exactness of knowledge with a certain 7ridfour.sof 
 requirement. The^n. is that which combines dX^v 
 ^d power or grandeur, aa ^Jlne si,eech, ^Jine lands^^^- 
 t also implies keen and discriminative riwer hbTT^^ ' 
 tinction. The delicate is a high decree STh«' Z ^ ^ 
 thought, which may be loftyf^f f^^I^ :fe "a^'^^te 
 and tender; a c/«/^•c«J« ear in music, a'A ea VhicTt 
 offended with the smallest disco.dance. A nerson {^1;^ 
 c«^ m his choice, who is guicK,d by taste and^Sng te 
 18 nice in his choice, who adheres to a strict rule/' ' 
 
 delightful, adj., giving delight, highly pleasing. 
 
 Syn. : delicious, charming. 
 
 Ant. : hateful, repulaive, obnoxious, horrid. 
 
 Syn. dis.: «' Of these terms delightful relates i^ ,v 
 state of the mind, deli^<yus to the spS ^t^o-.tn ! 
 the senses and ch^rmin, te the gmt'ifiltirof 'thtt^^^^ 
 through the senses. Anything is rf.%A</.^ which Tc^ 
 duces gladness of mind ; delicimis is genlr^Hv conHLfr 
 matters of tast. teuch, and smell; cC^ i "n^ 
 wider sense, of that which delights'and engage thrt^ole 
 nature, and commonly denotes that state of mental eniov 
 
 - rj 
 
 ii 
 
It? 
 
 150 
 
 TUK HIGH SCHOOL KNGLISH WORD IJOOK. 
 
 r 
 
 
 ! ! ) ! 
 
 demur, «., to delay by mising doubts and ufyections; to 
 [muHti in iinceitainty. 
 
 "They demurriug, I uii»b'rtook that office."— iI/i7<o». 
 
 Syn. : hesitat*', pause ; scruple, waver, fluctuate. 
 
 Ant. : acquiesce, approve, agree, assent. 
 
 Syn. dis. : «* The idea of stopping is common to demur, 
 to hesitate, and to pause. We demur from doubt or diffi- 
 culty; yf^ hesitate from an undecided state of mind ; we 
 pause from circumstances. To hesitate is literally to stick 
 at doing something, whether it be a practical act contem- 
 I)lated, or a design formed in the mind, to which we desire 
 to give effect. Hesitation may proceed from a variety of 
 cau.se8, such as pnulence, fear, doubt, etc. To demur is a 
 8pecifi< kind of hesitation : it is to suspend action or 
 judgment in view of a doubt or difficulty. Scruple is a 
 kind of internal demurring, dictated, it may be, by a 
 sense ot propriety, intellectual or moral, or from a consid- 
 eration of what is wise or expedient in arresting our 
 thought or action. Waver and fluctuate express motion 
 and change of mind ; the former is applied to matters of 
 intellectual decision, the latter to states of feeling." 
 
 describe, v., to represent in words, or by signs or drawin»m 
 
 Syn. : depict, characterize, represent, relate, narrate 
 pourtray. ' 
 
 Ant. : misrepresent, mystify, distort, confound, confuse. 
 Syn. dis : " Describe is to write down an account ; hence, 
 to give an account, whether in writing or in spoken words' 
 Description belongs to the external manifestation of 
 things, and ought to be full, clear, and exi)licit. Depict 
 (ht. to paint) refers to the vivid description of anything 
 which may be brought with more or less distinctness to 
 the mind's eye. Characterize is employed in moral de- 
 scription of what represents the subject by its leading 
 feature or features. Hence, a whole course of conduct, or 
 a whole class of chanvcter in men, may be said to' be 
 characterized by some one strong and distinctive epithet 
 which sets a peculiar mark and stamp u|)on it." 
 
to 
 
 SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 151 
 
 design v., to form in the mind ; to plan ; to have in view. 
 Syn. : intend, purpose, mean, contemplate. 
 Ant. : miscontrive, misconceive, risk, chance 
 Syn. dis : - These terms all refer to the condition of the 
 
 ""he'^m^r '"'' "^ r '^^ ^^«^' •'^-^ «^ SaxorTo^^t 
 simnlv Tk ^°™P^^h^»«^'« *nd colloquial, and signified 
 simply to have a mind to do or say a thing. Destan and 
 
 mW pomu to no more than the general setting of the 
 ZL'^T ^"l r f '"«' rf^^^^n denotes an ol/ect of 
 thf Zsni "^ ^^^"^ '^' '"^'^^' "^*h »* calculation of 
 
 ^soSn rr'^ ^'- ;'' ^^?*^"*^ ^^^^^^^^^^ « I>er„.anent 
 resolution to be earned out in such a way that circum 
 
 stances must be made subservient to it." 
 
 ^^^Aim" u ^'"'^^'' '*'" .^^''^^"^go hy consideration of danger 
 difficulty, or great inconvenience. ** ' 
 
 Syn. : discourage, dishearten, obstruct. 
 
 Ant. : encourage, incite, prompt, persuade. 
 
 Syn. dis : " Deter .md oi>>conrfiffe denote graduallv the 
 action of the judgment ; dukmen, an influence upon the 
 spmts^ One is deter. ,i by fo nidable difficultv or mlsi 
 tion; rft«c(mrr*^e./ by th> representations of advisers, or bv 
 I'^V "^ W "" u '^' ^^"^« ^^ **»« '^ ' ^^WW by 
 
 ::::?tJLir eVr;^? "^ ^^^'^^'^^^ ^^-^^-^^ ^^^^ ^ p^-ns 
 
 develop, t^., to unfold gradually ; to lay o,,en ; to disclose. 
 
 Syn. : unfold, unravel, uncover, exhibit. 
 
 Ant. : enveloj)e, wrap, obscure, conceal, involve. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "To develop is to o{>en that which has }y^n 
 wrapt m an envelope ; to unfold is to open that which has 
 h^x, folded; to unravel is to open that which has been 
 nc..M or tangled. The application of these terms t W 
 fore to moml objects is obvious : what has been foUed 
 and kept secret ,s nnfoUed ; what has been entan-ded in 
 any mystery or confusion is ur,raveUed- what ha^ been 
 wrapp-K. up^D as to be .u.ii.eiy shut out from view is 
 developed. We speak of the developnient of plans, plots. 
 

 Km 
 
 I 
 
 152 THE IIIGIf SCHOOL KNOLISH WOKD-HOOK. 
 
 ide4i«, the mind, etc., and also, scientifically, of the deve/o,,. 
 men ol one species from another, of the develajmimt of 
 the body in gi-owth, etc." 
 
 diction, n., style or manner of expressing ideas in words. 
 
 Syn. : phraseology, diction, style. 
 
 Syn dis. : « In the order in which these words here 
 stand, they advance from the more particular to the n^om 
 ^neml. Phraseology is the employment of partic Z 
 expressions in such a way as to be distinctive, but not as 
 a nmtter of praise or blame. We do not s,>^ak of go^ 
 or M phra^edouy. Diction is the construc'tion, disf^ 
 tion, and application of words. The term is em, loX 
 cases where clearness and accuracy are at stake /while 
 styce 18 employed of the characteristics of productions and 
 pertormanc^ which lay claim to an artistic ct X J 
 writing, oratory, painting, and the like." ' 
 
 dictionary n., a book containing the words of a lanm.a-e 
 
 nltTnr fT."!^'^'^^'"'^'*^^ "'■^^^' ^^^^ explanations orif 
 nitions of their meanings. 
 
 Syn. : lexicon, vocabulary, encyclopsedia, glossary 
 Syn. dis. : " The term dictionary has been extended in 
 ite application to any work alphabetically amS^* ^ 
 biographical, medical, botanical dictionaries, and thfnke 
 but stdl preserving this distinction, that a dic^iaZl:: 
 aiways contains only a general or partial illus r^t^n ?f 
 the subject proposed, whUst an encyclapaxC^^ot 
 the whole circuit of science. Lexic<Z uTspeoiTTd^ 
 *u>nary appropriately applied to the dead Cal ^" 
 voeabulary la a partial kind of dictwnary which S^' 
 prehendasiniple list of words, with or-'without e7pW 
 tion arranged m order or otherwise ; a al<maZi.T 
 explanatory v^^abulary, which conunonlV sertr^explatn 
 the obsolete terms em^.loyed in any old author or n 
 
 etltirtaU.'' ^ '-' -^-^ ^^' --^'«^ ^o^'co-iU 
 
 "^^^r^-fT l:J^^^^^^^ -^^<^ ^i-inguish. 
 
 Syn. dis. : '[A difference is either extei^al - i«- i 
 
 • a^uncitor, always external ; di^er.nce lies in" theThiiTg ] 
 
SYNONYMS DISCKIMINATKD. 
 
 153 
 
 dtstmctioH 18 the act of the imtsou ; the; former is thenv 
 fore to th«; latter as the cause to the rffect ; fhe ,nsti„ction 
 i-ests on the difference. Those are e(,„allv had logicians 
 who make a distmction without a diffn-Huce, or who ujakf* 
 no dutinction where there is a difference." 
 
 difladence, n., want of contidence ; distrust of oneself. 
 
 Hyn. : distnist, mistrust, misj;,avin«r, suspicion. 
 
 Ant. : boldness, effrontery, shamelessness. 
 
 Syn. dis : " Diffidence is ust^d only of ourselves ; it is a 
 dvitrit8t of our own powers, with or without sutHcient 
 grounds. DiMtrnst is want of trust both as re-aitls our- 
 selves and othei-s and relates not only to the power but 
 to the will and the schemes, efforts, and the like ,!/«. 
 trust relates not to the power, but only to the will ,md 
 hence can be iised only of animate beings : to diHtrusl is to 
 doubt the sufficiency; mif>trnst, to doubt the inteuritv 
 Misgiving is entirely internal and reflective- it is the 
 spontaneo.is suggestion of distrust. Susj^ ion is the tend- 
 ency to believe ill, without adequate and sometimes indeed 
 without any proof" ' ' 
 
 diffuse, adj., using too many words to expi-ess one's meaininir • 
 wanting conciseness und due condensn in. * 
 
 Syn. : discursive, prolix, copious. 
 
 Ant. : laconic, terse, condensed, epigrammatic. 
 
 Syn. dis. : '^ Of these, as epithets applied to styles of 
 81>eaking or writing, disuse (Lat. diffuruisre, diffwms to 
 pour abroad) rather relates to the language ; discuAive 
 {discurrere, to run about) to the treatment of the subject • 
 and proluc (pro and f^fxus. loose) to the effect of both in 
 combination. A diffuse writer or speaker is not sparini; 
 of time or space; he employs sentence.s which mi-'ht have 
 been condensed into fewer words, and expands into imag- 
 ery, illustration, ana amplification of all sorts DiMuM 
 nesa is the extreme of which copiousness (Lat fonia 
 plenty) w the mean, and may be the result eithej" of 
 wealth of thought or langui.ge, or simply of the contmrv 
 — an jnalMhty tocompresH. Di^ctirilv- ' ^ • • •'' 
 
 t!note» 
 
 ot 
 
 I iLiMoiice 
 
 unity ,^ systeia, nu^thod, and sequence. It In^longs to 
 
 iugs 
 
 it 
 
 
 the mind, which does not estimate the relative beai 
 
Mi 
 
 154 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOKD-noOK. 
 
 iml point, and treats them in undigested se/ies. Pr7L 
 
 denotes any sort of protraction of discourse which uiZZ 
 
 the sense of weariness, of superiluous minutene^or tXt 
 
 length m he treatment of the subject. Pr^iX^Zl 
 
 from the introduction of unim,H,rtHnt detailf The /T/ 
 
 /use^B properly opposed, to the precise; the L/,t: ^ thl" 
 concise or laconic." proax to the 
 
 diUgent adj., steady in application to business • const^int in 
 
 eliort to accomplish what is undertaken ' '" 
 
 Syn : a^iduous, industrious, laborious, sedulous, active. 
 
 Ant. : Idle, desultory, inert, slothful 
 
 Syn. dis. : "The diligent man is he who gives sustained 
 
 fntrc^t" 1:7J r'^'V''''''' *^^^""^ of peSeremntld 
 
 Plo^r^t^^'^l:^ '- nothing tot- Sfc?; It 
 
 ^riiftlit Ta; r ^peTs^^ ^lir-^ 
 
 sed./ons both express stlddy and ^^ZvJa^^T ""f 
 anoccupation or pu,.uit; b';it ../TriZtHatTt ^ 
 na mal or habitual ; asMwus onl- denoted the L^ 
 without imi)Iying a habit." ^^^ ^"^^ 
 
 directly, tuh., straightway ; soon ; without delay 
 
 Syn. : immediately, instantly, instantaneously. 
 Ant. : by-and-by, afterwards. 
 
 Syn. dis : « Directlj/ m most applicible to the actions of 
 /,,1' rrr''"'''f ^"'^ *"*^"''^^ ^ ^^^h^*- 'motions ^event^ 
 
 quick succession of events, but the latter in a much 
 stronger degree than the former. ImmeduUelv s neXJ 
 it expresses simply that nothing intervenes -^r/./-^ 
 ,K>s.tive, signifying the very .^^Z;::r:'T:Z^ 
 the thing hHp,,ens. A co„,^e of proceeding in ,/Tr J J^ 
 consequences are rmv^diafe, and the efleoto tLan^^J^!' 
 disbelief, n., denial of l)eliof, incredulity. 
 Syn. : unbelief, scepticism, inHdelity. 
 
 Ant. • *"•»»♦*» y.~~-i A . 
 
 "•"^•» •-»— -jci«,x-, {.ruse, tuteout. 
 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 IA5 
 
 Syn rhs. : • Unbelief \» negative ; disbelief \b poaitive • 
 uidH'heJ may arise from want of knowleclge, but disbelief 
 rejects a., false. Unhrlief is the nh^ence, disbelief the re- 
 fusal of credit IncreduUty and inJideHtff nre used, the 
 former to signify absence of belief where it is possible, the 
 ktter absence of l«lief where it is ri^ht. Incredulity m^y 
 be therefore right where it denotes a proper reluctance of 
 assent to what ought not to be easily believed, or not 
 believed at all ; infidelity is, by the force cf the term 
 wrong. Aceptictsm implies di8l)elief or inability to be^ 
 Iieve, an.l commonly exj)res8e8 a doul)ting of the truth of 
 revelation or of the Christian religion. 
 
 ^^^*^orl^°*' "■' ^''''^*''' "* }>erceiving diflerencoe in things 
 
 Syn. : i)enetration, discrimination, judgment, discretion. 
 
 Ant: heedlessness, dulness, density, blindness, inob- 
 servance. ' 
 
 Syn. dis: ''Discernment is combined keenness and ac- 
 curacy of mental vision ; it is fii^t i»enetrative, then dis- 
 cnmmative. Penetration is the power of seeing deeply 
 into things; discrimination is discernment in minute 
 jmrticulars, and of such a kind as leasts to the acting upon 
 the differences observed. Judgment is the facultv of 
 deciding in practical matters with wisdom, truly, skilfully 
 or accurately : it haa to do not so much with actiialitii.' 
 like dtscei-nment and penetration, but with possibilities' 
 Dtscretton is cautious discernment, and has for its result 
 the avoidance of such errors hlk come from want of self 
 control or want of judgment." 
 
 disease, w., any deviation from health; disorder in any part 
 of the mind or botly. *^ ' 
 
 8>n. .• sickness, malady, complaint, ailment, disorder. 
 
 Ant. : health, sanity, salubrity, convalescence. 
 
 Syn. dis: '^Disease is the most strictly technical of 
 these k^rms, being applied in medical science to such 
 morbid conditions of the b<)<ly, or of parts of it, as a.lmit 
 of diagnostics, and is «.ommonly ol prolonge<i duration. 
 
 A «-/*«* ii^Jltli 1U till tivko^*^*. J.Ii2 . i. i 1 . • 
 
 ".""■ "' 'V "'■=^^^«''»»- i^^rin, to aenoU} tli« derani/ed 
 
 condition of the constitution generally, without specifying 
 
 i 
 Hi 
 
 
156 
 
 THE HIOII SCHOOL ENOLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 i 
 
 itH chantcter A maUidy is a lingering and deeivseated 
 
 ng the viUl fvinctious. Co,«y./ain« is commonly ip, 'i 
 to tho^less violent, though continuous kinds of diHVrder 
 Dmnder is a disturbance of the functions of the anin.', J 
 economy, and differs thus frou. d.s^e, which is or^" ie 
 Adm.M 18 the lightest form of complai.U and oxpre^si 
 Its slight and piissiag characttfr." expresses 
 
 See indisposition. 
 
 disposition, n., natural constitution of the mind ; inclination. 
 Syn. : character, temi>er. 
 
 Syn. (lis. : ';Z)wpo«7ton and Umper are both applied to 
 he mind and its bias ; but dUvo^iion respects the whol^ 
 rame and texture of the mind ; iemj^ respects onlTthe 
 bi^ or tone of the feelings: dispoJZ. is iLnllt and 
 settled; <m;^ is transitory and fluctuating. The ^i^ 
 Vo^Hon compi^hehds the springs and motives of action^- 
 the Ump^ influences the actions for the time being • ^Hs 
 possible to have a good duposition^ith a bad temL- and 
 ^ versa As a synonym with dis,K>sition, chaZiJit 
 the whole moral nature, of which the dis K,8ition is a 
 manifestation; it is often, though improperly used "„ the 
 
 distinguish, v to perceive a difference by the senses - to 
 separate or divide by some mark or quality. ' 
 
 Syn. : discriminate, mark, discern, perce'ive, recognize. 
 Ant. : miss, overlook, confuse, confound, 
 Syii. dis : "In the sense in which distinguuh is a 
 synonym with e/..crtmtW^, it is similarly used in ;.3«U 
 to ,>hyHical objects, while discrimhu^te i only usS of 
 
 ,I^>t?^!^we"r''''''^r^'^^'^^ «^« ^^ *^« --<^ 
 
 pei^ption we dtscnmxnate by the judgment alone • we 
 duttmjmsh broadly ; dUcHndruite nice'ly. ^ We ^l^ZoM 
 best when we show gi^t differencJ; we !i3w 
 l,e«t when we show s ight diffei^nces, o; .liHsimila^Uest 
 detail und<M- a geneml resemblance." 
 
 distinguished, adj., noiM or celebmted for some «nn««V. ^^ 
 exu^oWiuary quality; marked, famous. 
 
SYNONVMrt DISCRIMFNATKD. 
 
 157 
 
 Syn. : .Mnin..i,t, illuHtrious, conspicuous, prominent. 
 
 Ant. : common, commonplace, obscure, oiilinary. 
 
 Syn. dis : - Dutirujnuhed directly i-elates to p«.r.son8 
 and to deeds and to ,,ei-son8 for the sake of their .lee<l8 • 
 It conveys the idea of social eminence or prominence ,ui 
 the renult of pubhc services rendered, or merit ,,ublicly 
 exhibited Eminent is only employed of pei-sons-those 
 who stand above their fellows : when thmgs st^uul out 
 ojnspicuously they are billed prominent ; e. ^. the emine^u 
 chriracters of history, and the prominent events, /llustri- 
 am 18 used strictly only of ,>er8ons, in,usn.uc»- as hun.an 
 acta or character can alone make things i, .strious, as 
 being the agents or recipients of what is illustrious ; thus 
 we sjjeak of lilu^trtous heroes, noV.les, titles, Jf we 8,,e,ik 
 ot Illustrious deeds or events, it is as F»eing tlone or 
 brought about by human agency." 
 
 docile, adj (dO'-stl or dfls'-ll). easily instructed or managed • 
 teachable ; willing or ready to learn. ^ ' 
 
 Syn. : tractable, amenable, compliant, tame. 
 Ant : stubbfjrn, <logged, inti-actable, obstinate. 
 
 /.ir//'^r * "/^'?'^,^?'.- ^^ ^ "^^^ ""P"«« "»ore than 
 t^table (easy to hamlle) : tractable <\^v.o^^ no more than 
 the absence ot refmctoriness, docile the actual nuality of 
 meekness. Av^.uMe is commonly used of human du^r^ 
 who are willing to be guided by |>ei-8ua8ion, entreaty aiS 
 i-ea8on, without requiring coercion. The docile is easily 
 taught or led ; the tractable easily managed ; the anient 
 easily governed and |»ej-sua<ied." ^^nienmxs 
 
 droll, o/i;., odd, out of the common way ; farcical ; waggish 
 
 Syn. : ludicrous, comical, laughable, ridicuUnis, facoti<M,H. 
 Ant. : sad, tragic, lugubrious, funereal. 
 Syn. dis : ♦• ZJro-f/ denotes the combination of the laugh 
 able with the unfamiliar or odd ; lu^licrous, that whi..h is 
 personally laughable, but ^: %out any necessiiry admixtu, 
 ot contempt or pity, in this .iiflering Uom rldiculouH 
 which conveys the idea of the conten.ptible in iUhu^ ,.,.a 
 th« humihating ,n iKjrsons. (Jomical denotes what' is 
 demonsu-atively and, as it wei-e, dramatically, laughable " 
 
 I 
 
 It 
 
 M 
 

 Hi 
 
 f 
 
 158 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL F^OLJSIl WOKD BOOK 
 
 01 dubnn8>.ion due to parents or 8U|><,rio.-8 ; loyalty. 
 Syn. obligation, service. 
 Ant. : freeu- m, licence, immunity, exemption. 
 
 dulr.ntnL-V'" ^'!'''"r^^«'J eon..nonly mad. between 
 o,?/- Vf «*^^^«<*<>^ '« that duty (lit what is <lne) rises 
 oat of jK^rmunent relationships between persons whi I.. 
 
 sx ''' ;r t"i^ '^^^ ^^"^ ''- appiiii^r^r :^ 
 
 would o^ ' x/^''*';''^'^\T^ ^*%'^^*'^* i" this way 
 
 a /n^y hardly exists to perfur,n trivial things, but th^r^ 
 nay be an obhifatum to do them : a dut^j ^yer ca' W 
 against reason ; an r.'-%a/i.« nmy l>e Ln .ibs.ml [h 
 de,>ending upon custom. OMu;aJon is defir, 1 y ',he 
 aKtent of the power which obliges ; Uut^ hy the .b Hty r^ 
 the subjtHit who pertorms." ./ / '« ."uiiy i.i 
 
 E. 
 
 ease n :.m undisturbe.! sbit. of quiet, either of the mind or 
 both comfoH, iMijoymeut. 
 Syn. : quiet, •e«i. rcposie, tranquilHty ; easi.iess, facility. 
 Ant. : disquiet, tms ,ie, a»aK.yance, vexation. 
 Syn. dis : "AV«,, u.3j,n„ t,he absence of any cn^se of 
 
 oi externally, m rogm^ to what one has to <lo. Hea< .> it^ 
 
 ^' of nr^^ "^ ■'""' Hn,i/«c,W,,. (?..«. denotl^the 
 n r" H '^»^:^'" ''•"« ^'ause, a quiescent state : rest de- 
 
 notes the ...ssation from active or laberi<,us movemei ' • 
 rej>ose „uplie. the placing of all parts of the bo<ly. as w i 
 »« the mmd, .n a posture or condition of i-est In the 
 
 act.m ; eminens, to inherent (puility. Ease is also anoH 
 ca^>lo to purely physical undertakings ; ^'Mi^, to mS 1 
 ^e IS opposed to e^ort, facility to rf*:/««.%. ^ ' 
 
 eccentric, adj., ,K»culiar or odd in manner or charactor. 
 " With this inan'a kiiavcrv waa atrnnnolv ...;.. .i j 
 mity. which reHcmble.1 mJn7.T"^MZuitaT'' '"" "'"'"''''' 
 
 vani 
 
 %n. ; singular, strange, (mUI, flighty, ixKuliar. 
 
SYNONYMS I)IS(;kimINATKI>. 
 
 15!) 
 
 Ant. nnreinarkahle, customary, regular, unnoticrahle 
 Syn. di8. : ^^ Eccentric (as an adjective) is employed onlv 
 of peit^ons, and, again, only of ^hat n eets tL ohlrva 
 tionm reference to conduct, as the appearance dre s and 
 the behaviour: it implies a will, natlue, or ha'b^ wh^c" 
 ^. It were, move in a different orbit fr'on. other lopl' 
 Smgular, on the other hand, is applied to the wLKt: 
 
 wh^ri^eTrrr' '' i" '^'^'^'^'^ ^ ^^« Klea^ tVlL 
 Tut nf ;£ ''"^ particular act, as standing by itself 
 
 out of the common course, and ven to phenomena cir 
 cumstances. or occurrences. St a,^, is of equaUy l^m 
 Rrehensive application, but Ix^ars rlrence t^^ he ex^r -" 
 ence of the witness, to which it is foreign or alien 0< rf 
 ""plies disharmony, incongruity, or une\-enneHs.» 
 
 ^""""rSsehdd^'fr"^"';"-' ^"'"'^^"^ "management of a family 
 
 Syn. : frugality, parsimony, thrift. 
 Ant. : lil)erality, generosity. 
 
 Kr^V'f^'' "^'^'"'*^'»y ">'pJ'e8 management ; /rw</a/,<,/ 
 mphes temperance ; jt>ar..Wuy iniplies nimply fo, W n^ 
 
 economical, adj., managed or handled with cure and 
 frugality ; not w^istefui or oxtrav agant. 
 
 Syn. : saving, 8i)aring, thrifty, penurious, niggjirdly 
 
 Ant. : wasteful, extravagant, improvident. 
 
 Syn. dis. : ^^Econmnical signiiies not spending unneces- 
 sarily or unwisely ; saving is keeping and laying by wh h 
 care ; spartng is keeping out of Ihat which ought tT be 
 s^.ent; thr,fty or thriving is accumulating by means oJ" 
 saving ; penurious s suffering, as from jAJj. by ueai^ 
 of saving; niggardly is not «iK.nding or letting go but i 
 the smallest possible quantities." ^ 
 
 ^''?)^wi'Js''o^an^^^"•^^^^^^ 
 
 I>oweis of an indivi<l«al ; (popularly) the cultivaf,ion ot 
 
 x.iirz luunii, ini^Mi«.clual, and physical powers. 
 Syn. : instruction, breeding, tntining, disciplina 
 
If 
 
 I.* 
 
 3 
 
 160 THK icon SCHOOL RNOLISH WOUI) I»)OK. 
 
 Syn. (lis. : I'J.luratlon is derivea from /.<e<. «,/„,v,r^ « to 
 
 bSv'i^ Tr;^ '"•"'" f '''^' '^ "-"'-'^ in i^ 
 
 m,T/ '^ c ^*'"" '^ "'^'^ «^ ^ preinedituted cfFort 
 
 Ject ll in? l7•«•^^«nd. teacher to drasv out one's intel- 
 lectual and moral en.lowments, encouraging what is -ood 
 to one^If and to society, and discouraging what is hm?f^ 
 y th this 1. co,nl.ined an effort to giv^ more or less of 
 tBclmtcal training to fit the scholar or student for the 
 
 J/;™ „f u , J rmtruction respects the coiumuni- 
 
 eation of knowledge, and healing resects the manner or 
 outward conduct ; but «/„.„« J comp^hends not „„lv 
 
 tion of the heart, and the establishment of the princiiSM ■' 
 A ,«rson may te a man of education who has not'l«„ 
 tmned m school or college: one n,ay be so tm^ed 3 
 yet he a person of little education i «/«,,«,„„ Sud« 
 he Toriral'd''^' r^ "* "^"'^ '" "■« -^v^^^Uytf 
 
 by instruction, exe'rcise and disci^::tnd t^^Z 
 
 r i-^hi^Serorsi^" '■""" "'•' ^"-'«-"^- - " '• ^- 
 
 effect, n., result or consequence of a cause or agent. 
 Syn. : result, consequence. 
 
 Syn. dis.: ^< Effect applies either to physical or mor..I 
 objects; consequence, only to moral suhS LX 
 IS that which necessarily flows out of the cause tht 
 connexion between the canse and the W bei^^ ^7n ^ 
 mate hat we cannot think of the one without tKng of 
 the other. A consequence, on the other hand may^ll 
 e thor c,.ual or natural ; it is that on which we <^7ea^ 
 
 effec^*^^^^^®' "^'^'' ^'^^^""^ ^^'^ ^"^"^^^ *" ""^^^i P«-o^J 
 
 ncmg 
 
 ■oicnces." ''jf'tuve. upon erring con- 
 
 Syn. : effectual, efficient, efficacious. 
 Ant. ; WBiik, lutiie, inopemtive, nugatory. 
 
SYNONYMS DIRrRIMrNATED. 
 
 161 
 
 #mctow. A>nen< is actively opemtive. and is used of 
 persons, of things, and of causes, ik a pMbsophical^ns^ 
 as an e^^t^ cause,' an 'e^ciV'«< officer.' £J'ective ia vro- 
 
 speech. Aiffciua/ ,s hnally eflective, or producing not 
 effect generally, but the desired effect in such a wa/'as to 
 leave nothing to be done. HJicacious is possessing the 
 quahty of being effective, which is latent in the thing until 
 It 18 put into operation. It is not employed of persons" 
 eligible, adj., fit or deserving to be chosen. 
 Syn. : desirable, preferable. 
 Ant. • worthless, ineligible, undesirable. 
 Syn dis . ''Eligible means primarily worthy of beinc 
 or quahhc.! to be chosen ; it denotes, therefore. L alterna^ 
 tive-that of choosing something else, or not choosing 
 this. Destrable is of wider application, and conveys no 
 Idea of conipanson or selection. Preferable is that which 
 iscomparutively rf..,>a6/« or specifically eligible. What's 
 «V6/« 18 desirable in itself, what in jyreferable is more 
 desirable than another. There may belany eliaible^i^ 
 ations out of which perhaps there'is but oTe^S 
 of,,erson8, however we say rather that they Ze dMU 
 to an ofl[ice than jyref&rable." etigwte 
 
 elocution, w., the management and quality of the voice in the 
 utterance or delivery of words. ^ -^ *" '''"*'« "^ "»e 
 
 Syn. : eloquence, oratory, rhetoric, declamation. 
 
 Syn. dis.: y locution turns more upon the accossorv 
 gra^s of s,>eaking in public, as intonition, gesZT^l 
 delivery m general ; elogu^e on the matter, a^d 2e 
 natural gifts or the attainments of the speaker OraU^j 
 comprehends both the art and the practi'ce of the omto? 
 and m an extended sense, the combined productions of S 
 orators, as 'the omtory of Greece and Rime.' HheMc^^ 
 stric ly the theory or science of which oratory is theT^^ 
 tice." By poetic licence, we sometimes speak of Z,^ 
 m a mute sense, as ' the silent eloq,umce of a look.' 
 
 diuu4ciiiioOf n., itte pu 
 
 without yielding oi 
 
 (2 
 
 wer or capacity of bearing or andiii' 
 giving way. 
 
 >€ 
 

 Ut 
 
 Ki 
 
 pi 
 
 163 THE moH SCHOOL EMGLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 Syn. : patience, reHigimtion, fortitude. 
 Ant. : weakness, feebleness, lassitude. 
 
 that 18, of suffering without sinking, and may be a physi- 
 cal or a n.^nUil quality. J^atience is .ndurance, .hich 's 
 niorallv acquiescent : the- op,K)Hite to .ndumnce is simply 
 exhaustion; the opposite to patience is repining, or irrita 
 bil.ty an.l in.patience. HesiffruUion is unresisting, unmur- 
 niunngacqui^cence in the iasue of circun.st^nces or in 
 the exercise of the will of another. F.yrtUn.ie is a more 
 energetic quahty, and m.V-^ '-, .Uilned as ,«v.sive cou3 
 or resolute endurance.' ^ nn^o 
 
 enthusiast, n., a person A aii-dent zeal, a highly imaginative 
 
 Syn. : fanatic, visionary, zealot, bijrof; 
 
 Syn. dis. : - Enthu^ast is one v no is influenced by a 
 peculiar feivour of mind, not necessarily irnitional-in 
 W of ?'•'' aclmirable-as when we say an 'enthZasZ 
 lover of n..mc. Enth^^sutsm begins to be blameworthy 
 and ,>enIo..,-, when the feelings have over-mastered the 
 judgment, ^'anatic is employed to designate one whose 
 overhear.:: imagination has wild and extmvagant nou'r 
 especially «,>on the subject of i^ligion, which render^ 
 incapable ot using his judgment and dangerous to others • 
 vtsumar^, as the term expresses, is one who is moved' 
 by visions and ir.fluences of the im,:gination, mistakS 
 for realities :..a/o^ and biffot represent the one actively 
 the supei-stitioijs {«,ti..tn, the other, more p^tssively, the 
 super8t?<ious believ ,r and adherent." 
 
 entire, adj., whole, undivided, complete in its parts. 
 Syn. : whole, complet<i, total, prrfect 
 Ant. : partial, broken, incomplete, ini])aired. 
 Syn. dis. : « In most castn i.he words entire .nd whole 
 are simply interchanges :; b.t u;Ao^ .jates i- what is 
 made up of parts, while entire doe.s not relate to any idea 
 of parts, but simply to ,>erf.ot and undiminisher? unity 
 
 Complete !nvoHnes8U all cha«. ia r^^^Af *-. ... , ^' 
 
 tiling, or to fulfil a purpose or a definition. Total is com- 
 
SYNONYMS DISCfllMINATRD 
 
 H3 
 
 Syn. 
 Ant. 
 
 plete in amount, so that in mattoi-H which .b not relate to 
 mei-e quantity, we cannot ust^ the U-ixu. We say total 
 sum, or amount, tola/ loss, or total (hirknoss, because the 
 more |)erfection of quantity is all that is re^^oinlod. Per- 
 feet is a more comprehensi term, i-elating not only to 
 quantity, but also to qualit} 
 
 envious, fu/j., feeling uneasinoss at the superiority or happi- 
 ness of another ; full or infected with envy. 
 
 " An enviouA man, if you succtcd, 
 May prove a dangerous foo indeed." -Cowpcr. 
 
 invidious, jealous, suspicious. 
 unsel6sh, trusting, disint<«rested. 
 Syn. dia. : "Invidious signifies looking at with an evil 
 eye: envious is literally only a variation of inviiiimis, 
 which, in its common acceptation, signifies causing ill-will • 
 while enviotis signifies having ill-will. Jealotts is'a ferling 
 of envy mixed with rivalry : we are jealous, not only of 
 the actual hut the possible, whence the alliance l>etween 
 jealousy and susjneion. The latter tenn relates more com- 
 monly to thoughts of the character, conduct, and designs of 
 other persons, and woarh m inauspicious or unfavourable 
 air." 
 
 equivocate, »., to make use of expi-essions admitting of a 
 two-fold interpretation. 
 
 Syn. : prevaricate, evade, quibble, shuffle. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " These words designate an artful mmle of 
 eseiping the scrutiny of an inquirer. We ewide by art- 
 fully turning the subject or calling oflT the attention of the 
 'nquirer ; we equivocate by the ise of equivocal or ambig- 
 uous expressions; we jtrevaricatp. by the use of lo..se or 
 indf f te statements, shuffliwj or tpiihhlrng, so as to avoid 
 disck g the truth." 
 
 error, w., a deviation from truth, involuntarily wandering 
 from the truth. 
 
 Syn. : mistake, blunder. 
 Ant. : truth, accuruov . correctness, 
 Syn. dis. : ''Error, in its universal sense, is th* uoral 
 term, since every cleviation from what it; right, ami, we may 
 
If 
 
 '% 
 
 i 
 
 Ul 
 
 164 THB HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH Won 1) BOOK. 
 
 add fro.n what is tnu.. ji.st, ov uccu.ut.s in rational 
 ag.M,fs iH termed error, which in Htiictly oppose.! to truth 
 A mistake ih an error committed under a misapprehension 
 or miHconce, t,on of the nature of a case. An error may 
 be from absence of knowledge ; a mistake is from insuffi 
 cient or false observatioi). Bhcm/er is a practical error of 
 a peculiarly gross or awkward kind, committed throujrh 
 gross or glaring ignorance, heedlessness, or awkwardness 
 Mistake IS an error of choice ; blunder, an erro, of action " 
 essay, n., in literature, a written composition or disquisition 
 ui)on some particular point or topic, less formal than a 
 treatise. 
 
 Syn. ; treatise, dissei-tation, tract, monogmph. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "Essay u* a modest term "to express an 
 authors attempt to illu.crate some point of knowledj^e or 
 learning by general thoughts upon it. It is tentative 
 rather than exhuistive or scientific. A treatise is more 
 formal and scientihc than an essay. A dissertation is of 
 an argumenta tve character, advancing views upon a sub- 
 ject capable ot i>eing regarded in different lights! A tract 
 18 of a simpler and shorter character, simply didactic and 
 ooinmonly, as now used, of a religious nature." A morio 
 Sl7. ^'""'I I iecent--i8 a treatise or description 
 of a^ub'^? ^'""^ ^""^ "^ J^*^' ""^ ^ ** ^^8^^ ^'"^^^ 
 ever, adv., at any time; always; in any degree. 
 
 Syn. dis : There is need for discrimination in the use 
 of the words ever and always. Ever expresses uniformi^ 
 of continuance, and has the additional meaning of at anl 
 ttme,m which it belongs peculiarly to negative and inter 
 
 lX7thaU'' "T; "" " '^'" ^^" ^'' ""^ ^^•"^> ^»«-" the 
 
 Syn. : each, whole, all. 
 
 Syn. dis. : - These are not so much synonyms as words 
 which are employed in kindred m^yn. AUi^ o.IZaT. 
 ev^y m siugie or individual; each ia distributive."' ^« 
 
8TNt)NYU8 DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 165 
 
 
 respects a sin^^Ie bo.ly rej^ardod as to Dw nmnlM^r of its 
 parts ; whole, a single h „|y reganU'd as to its quatitity • 
 all men being equivaUut to the whole human race! AWv 
 ^rson 18 justly treat*.! when ea^h receives his due share'' 
 Jiveryw very frequently, but wrongly, made to do duty 
 now-a-days for " all," " perfect," " entire," "great." or " all 
 possible, as in the phrases : •* He takes every pains :" "He 
 deserves ever^/ praine ;" " He is entitled to every confi- 
 dence; '^Auery one has this in common." . 
 
 evidence, n., that which demonstrates or makes clear that a 
 tact IS so; that which makes evident or enables the mint! 
 to see truth. 
 
 Syn. testimony, proof, illustration, token, sign. 
 
 Ant. : surmise, conjecture, disproof, fallacy. 
 
 Syn. dis.: "The words evidence and testimony, though 
 differing wide y in meaning, are often used iiuliscrimin 
 ately by careless speakers : evidejice is that which temJ*- 
 to oonvmce ■testimony IB that which is i7,te,ided to con- 
 vince. I roof, being a simpler word than testimony and 
 evidence, is used more generally of the ordinary facts of 
 lite Testimony is strictly the evidence of a witness dven 
 under oath ; ei^enc. is a term of higher dignity, and is 
 applied to that which is moral and intellectual, as the 
 em^leticea of Christianity ; or the body of proofs, or alle<.ed 
 proofs, tending to establish facts in law." " 
 
 examination, n., careful observation or inspection ; scrutinv 
 by study or experiment. ^ 
 
 Syn. : search, inquiry, research, investigation, scrutiny. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Examination is the most general of these 
 terms which all agree in expressing an active effort to 
 to h'ld out that which is unknown. An examination is 
 made by the aid either of the senses or the underst^indinjr 
 the body or the mind; a search is principally a bodily' 
 action ; the inquiry is mostly intellectual : an examinaticm 
 18 made for the purpose of forming a judgment ; a search 
 m made for ascertaining a fact ; an inquiry has much the 
 same meaning. Hesearch is laborious aud sustained searoh 
 afi^r oDjeois, not of physical, but of mental observation 
 and knowletlge ; investigation is literally a mental tracking 
 
 I . 
 
il 
 
 I f > 
 
 1 1 
 
 166 TlIK inoH 8CIIt)OL KNGLI8II WORD-HOOK. 
 
 (of fac^« or apimrances) ; scmtini/ is confine*! to minute 
 exannnution of what in k.u.wn and present ; eaplorution is 
 to range in in.iuiry, or to direct one's search over an ex- 
 tensive area. ' 
 
 example n a copy, pattern, or model; one as an iUustinu 
 tiou of the whole. 
 
 Syn. : instance, sample, illustration, case, precedent. 
 
 Syn. dis. : •♦ The example is set forth by way of ilhw- 
 trntion or mst.uction ; the instance is adduced by way 
 of evidenct. or proof. Copy, pattern, and rno</el stand in 
 close reltttionHh.p. a copy has the double meaning of a 
 n "^"Jl '"!.."'"*f^'"" «*' it, or of the thing to be imita- 
 ted aiid the thing mutating ; a pattern is anything pr<v 
 I.o8ed or .miUition ; a model, in a<idition to the meanintfH 
 of rmttern, has that of a ,>erfcct pattern, or the best of the 
 •??• ,S ""''^ '** Homething which comes down to us 
 wijh the sanction of usage and common consent, ,vs a 
 guide to conduct or judgment, and, in the legal sense 
 has force in other «»«««. while an .:mmple has^o force 
 beyond Itself. Case is used in a loone Cay of an occu7 
 rence of a general character." 
 
 eml^'ttor. "*^'*^""'^' '^"'^^^' P~^«>^«' «nrage, inflame, 
 
 Ant. : soothe, conciliate, assuage, alleviate, mitigate. 
 
 Syn. dis : ' Both persons and fw^Iings ai-e said to be 
 exasf>e,rated, Uxi more commonly the former : it is to ih-o- 
 voke utter h.^ling, or to aggmvate it. Ayyravate is to 
 make heavy, and so to make worn,, to make less tolemble 
 or excusable, and is pro|,erly applierl only to evils or 
 offonoes though it has come, inoorret^tly. to U used in the 
 WH.se of irrttat^ and exasperate. In this latter sense it is 
 to be prt»sumed that the idea is to make to fe<*l a burden 
 or a griHvancb. To hritut,' is less strong than the otluM- 
 terms, ami denotes the excitement of slight i-esentnient 
 against the cause or object. T.) imnH>ke is stronger, and 
 -i - i.xr^ t^»;!.-iijg «i a Hnjiiiig of (jedded anirer and 
 strong ivs«uitmeiit by injury or insult, such as naturally 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 167 
 
 tends to active retalintion. To exasperate, is stronger still, 
 and denotes a provocation to uni-eHtraiiuMl anger or re- 
 sentment, b)u*ed uiK)n a determined ill-will." 
 
 exceed, v., to imta or go beyond ; to surpass. 
 
 Syn. : excel, outdo, transcend, suqjass, outstrip. 
 Syn. dis. : To exceed is a rt^lative term, implying some 
 hmit, measure or quantity already existing : in its limittid 
 acceptation, it implies no moral desert ; mrpass and excel 
 are always tatlcen in a go(Ml sense Jt is not so much 
 pei-sons as things which exceed ; both |>ei-sons and things 
 surimsa; i»er8..ns only excel. ''Transcend is to excel in 
 a signal manner, soaring, as it were, aloft, and surmount- 
 ing all Iwrriers. Outdo is a simple Haxon comiK)und for 
 the Latm or French surpass. It is accordingly u fumilia. 
 term, with a familiar application ; hence, it lum sometimeH 
 the undignified force of to get the better of another in no 
 very honoumblf^ way, as a synonym of ouiwit. To ouUlo 
 IS simply to do something better than another, and to reap 
 some personal advantage by the fact." 
 
 excite, v., to call into action ; to rouse, to animate. 
 
 Syn. : rouse or arouse, incite, awaken, stimulate. 
 
 Ant : allay, quiet, ap|)ease, soothe, pacify. 
 
 Syn. dis.: "To excite is said more |Mirtic»larly of the 
 mward feelings; incite is Haid of the externaractioi.8. 
 To excite is to call into greater activity what iMifore existed 
 in a calm or calmer hUU^, or to arouse to an active state 
 faculties or powei-s which Iwfoie were dormant : the term 
 18 also used of purely phyniwil action. Awaken is to rouse 
 from a state of sleep, or, analogously, to stir up anything 
 that has lain quiet ; rouse is to awaken in a sud«len or 
 startling manner. To itu-ite is to excite to a s|K3cified act 
 or end which tli < inciter has in view : to stimul^Ue is to 
 spur into activity {stimulus, a spur) and to a certain end." 
 
 excuse, v., to overlook on giving an explanation or ajwlogy. 
 Syn. : pardon, forgive, acquit, remit, excul|>ate, condone. 
 
 Ant. : nhiii 
 
 'iH* (V^n 
 
 ilm 
 
 Syn. dis. : «« We excuse whenever wo exempt from the 
 imputetion of blame . when useti n;lltH;tively it sometimes 
 
if! 
 
 W 
 
 Mi- 
 
 les THE HIGH SCHOOL KNQLiSH WOllD-BOOK. 
 
 means no morB than to decline, or to take such exerantion 
 
 to oneneH. AVe excvse a Bmall fault ; we pardon a great 
 
 fault or a crime : wo excuse coniuionly what relates to onr- 
 
 wlves ; ^^e pardon offences against rule, law, or morals. 
 
 J'orgwe diffei-8 from both in relating only to offences 
 
 against oneself. Omissions and neglects or slight com! 
 
 missions may be exc^^ed ; graver offences and crimes par- 
 
 don^ ; personal insults and injuries /or^/Wt." The term 
 
 comlo,^ implies the forgiveness or overlooking of an offence 
 
 or offences by outward acts ; in law, the term has special 
 
 force as a bar to action in siiitH for divorce. 
 
 expedient, w., that which serves to promote or help forwa-d 
 any end or pur[)08e. ^ 
 
 Syn. ; resource, shift, contrivance, resort. 
 
 Syn. di«. ; •♦ An eicpedient is a contrivance more or less 
 adequate, but irregular, and sought for by tact and adap- 
 tation to the i)eGuliar circumstances of the case. It is a 
 kind of unanthorize<l substitute for more recognized modes 
 of domg things. A shift is an expedient which does not 
 protess to be more than tem})orary and verv iinr)erfect a 
 mere evasion of difficulty." Makeshift exp^sses this idea 
 Dest. A resource is that to which one resorts : it is often 
 therefore than on which the others are based. So it maj 
 be a test of skill in contrivance to find an ade.,uate 
 ex|m< lent m limited reseurces. Shifi usually i^lates to 
 Objects trivial and external, contrivance to mattei-s of more 
 importance, and expedient to those oven o the highrjst. 
 
 explain, »., to make plain or evident ; to clear of obscurity • 
 to exfiound. -^ ' 
 
 Syn. : elucidai^e, illustrate. 
 
 Ant. : mystify, olwcure, misintc^rpret. 
 
 Syn. dia. : To exp/uin is simply to make int^^lligible by 
 mnov.ng obscurity or misunderstanding. To elucidate and 
 Mustrate are to make more fully intelligible. The field 
 of ehmdation is commonly bron.l : w« eiucidate a subject 
 by throwing all the i>os8ibIe light we can ui»on it wo 
 lUustrate by meaiis of exan.ples, sin.iles, and allegorical 
 ,- . • • -2.7''"\'~ - i-^""^^^-^i*'', aiuj even by Hrtistic 
 diawingi,. W.,rdsare the common subjects of eu^jduna- 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED, 
 
 169 
 
 Uon; inoi-,iI tn.ths require illuHtration ; poetical allusions 
 and dark passages in writers require elucidation. 
 explicit, adj., clear, plain ; not ambiguous or obscure. 
 
 Syn. : express, explanatory. 
 
 Ant : obscure, suggestive, iniplied, hinted. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Explicit denotes the entire unfolding of a 
 thing m detail of expression, mm to meet every ,K>int and 
 OW^ the ne<x,sHity of suiplernent. E.plnruuJy, on the 
 Other hand is essentially supplemental, and the necessity 
 ot explarmtion often arises from matters not having be* n 
 made sufficiently ^idt. Exrrres. combines for^ S 
 cWss and notice of detail. Explicit calin attent o 
 o the comprehemsivenesH and |K>inf .dness of the rmrticn^ 
 ta ;^«^^e«, to tJie force, directness, ai.d plainnesL of the 
 
 P. 
 
 fable, n a foigned tale or story intended to enforce aome 
 moral precept; a fictitious narrative. 
 
 thl m^rtlE^l^.^'.'" ^^ ^^« i»-t>*^^«. the llegorioal. a.,d 
 
 Syn. : tale, moral, romance, fiction, invention. 
 
 Ant. : history, narnitive, fact. 
 
 Syn dis. : " Different sjHMjies of a.mposition are ex- 
 pn-Hsed by the al>«ve words : the fable L alletforiciIT. ul 
 ^tions are natuml, bufc its agents are imaginary ; t e <« " 
 ^ hctttious. but not imaginary; both fhe ag.nt«^d 
 actions are drawn from the passing scenes of life T 
 tnle when compaml with the novel is a simple kind f 
 fiction; it consists of but few u.tmm in i\l i 
 whilst the «o./. on th. contmry. 'adnZ o^ev ; .hS 
 variety m charucte.u The .«/. Ih told without m uT .u^ 
 or contnvanoe to keep tJie reader in .uspense, w hou 
 any depth of p ot o. imfK^rt^nce in the ca^trcUe 7. 
 .u>vel atfords the greatest .s.u,p. for „.xcit ng an int;,.! 
 by the mp.d succession of events, th . involm^ente of ^tlr 
 eHt«.and the unravelling of its plot. If the Wuwil* 
 the attention. fh« «>/>»i^»».'!£ "i^t.'^ ^i-- ^« _■_ '*'*?'*»"" 
 
 extramiliimry «„d oalcuUtal i„ fill ,|„. in.,. i,mti„r." 
 
170 
 
 THE UIOU SCHOOL ENQLIbU WOUD BOOK. 
 
 I 
 
 IP- 
 
 facetious. a<Ij., full of meiTiment, gaiety, wit, end humour: 
 givtm to pIuHiMintry. o ., , «ur, 
 
 "By hi« singing, excellent mimicry, vid/acHious Hpirit." 
 
 Syn. : jocose, jocular, witty, humorous, funny, droll. 
 Ant : hwivy, grave, sombre, lugubrious, saturnine. 
 Syn dis. : Most of these terms may be applied either 
 to wnting or to convemition. " Facetioumess is a kind 
 of affected humour, to which it beam the san.e relation 
 that a smirk does to a smile. Jocose and jocular are 
 derived from the Utin jocus, a joke, and jocultu,, a little 
 joke : the jocose |H>ke8 fun, the jomdar insinuates it 
 y leamntry carries the notion, not of abstract joking like 
 JiUietiom, but a tendency to j)ersonal milJery, thouffh of a 
 kind the op|>08ite to obtrusive. 'V\i^face(imi» had formerly 
 a higher meaning than at present, when it is hardly used 
 but in modified dispai-agement, answ^ning to the Latin 
 /a««/M* olegantly humorous. A man's disiK^sition may be 
 jowm, his demeanour on a particular occasion joctUar.'' 
 
 fliCtioUS, a., dis^Mwed to raise opjKJsition on frivolous grounds. 
 •K^.'^ir^X'"*** "^^ ***' ""'"**' talking, yac^«>«. squabbling," 
 
 Syn. : turbulent, seditious, crusty, litigious. 
 
 Ant. : genial, agreeable, complaisant, loyal, harmonious. 
 
 Syn. dis. : FaeHaus is an epithet to characterize the 
 tempers of men ; t^rbukrU and mtitiom charucteria. Jhoir 
 conduct. The /achous man in given to raising diswnision 
 and opposition generally for the ends of his private in- 
 terest. The HmUiums man in on«* who excitwj dist-urbanije 
 in the State or community on ijuestions where political 
 prmoiple or feeling are ooncerntKi : the factioiut man is 
 troublesome ; the t&Htiowi man dangerous. 
 
 faulty w., the jwwer of doing anything; a power or capacity 
 of the mind. ' ^ 
 
 Syn. : ability, tnlent, gift, endowment. 
 
 Syn. dis. : - FatmUy is a jKjwer derive*! (mm nature: 
 
 ootMy may Is* «l(>i-tved fivini nin>nt„u*^m,^^^ ^^ „*i • 
 
 Jwmliij iK a |>ei nianent poMtession ; it is held by a certain 
 
SYNONYMS niSrRIMINATED. jy, 
 
 totmre; the ali/,y is uu inci.l..ntal uoH^vsnum The 
 am foit.ine are abdUtes. T),o fucuttie, inch,, e all Uh^ 
 
 include, m the aggregate, whatever a man i« able to do • 
 hence, we «,K.ak of a n.an's aUiilie. in HjK^aking, writbV 
 learning and the like ; talent, a.-e the p'articuk • endow! 
 menu* of the n.ind which bdong to the individual Tml 
 represented bv the term abilihj. uauuuy 
 
 feir, adj., ju8t, upright, candid, impartial. 
 Syn. : honeHt, equitable, i-eahonable. 
 Ant. : <liHhonoumble, frau.lulent. unjust, unfair 
 Syn. di8. : " Fair in said of persona or thingw • honest 
 
 hiK uuple. When/air i« employeti m an enithet to 
 qnahfy thmgn, or to dcHiguat^ thiir^.^ature, i^Zrttche^ 
 
 they aie all oppo.e.l to what is unjust ; what is /mr un< 
 cquHabfsiH so .n relation to all circumstances; what s 
 reasonable .» so of itnclf » '• There is a dignity and s W 
 ness about th.t^nn ju.t which does not li^long t«/«'r ^ 
 if It connected itself more directly with ,H.rHonal a d'.!^ 
 8|H>ns.ble action. 80 pria-s are said to J/airly won aLd 
 tanijiMUp awarded." '^ ^ ^" "^^ 
 
 Syn. : lasrHdiouH, treacherous, false. 
 Ant. : faithful, loyal, true. 
 
 Syn. dis. : '* A J^iith/eHs man is faithless only for his 
 own inteivst ; a ,>er/u/ioas nun, is oxp.msly so to the injury 
 
 t:::^'^iin 'r' r/-^^'^- who cLsuits hiirj 
 
 ntawii.t m time of ne«l ; he is /wr/idiouM who pi-ofits by 
 the con6d«nce re|M>Hed in him to plot niischicf against the 
 
 one to wh.mi ho has iniid 
 
 In vnwu />!' f 
 
 9tess 
 oonttists 
 
 - S--1JTI 
 
 .l„l 
 
 Sijip. i-inmiSmi- 
 
 I MM' not Kuppo*. any |wrtioular e^rtVuts to deceive • it 
 -" .»( meiHdy violating that faith wbid, the relation 
 
 P 
 
 < 4 
 
 
(I 
 
 Nl 
 
 172 THE H,Oi, SCHOOL EN0LI8H WO H., BOOK. 
 
 ^^^leWt';.'"'' "' "P"""" "'''"'-^ •««•"-'; notoriety „r 
 
 Syn. : raputation, renown, lopute. 
 
 Ant. .■ «ilence, 8u|.,„.«s,i„„, ji,g,,,.^_ di»re,mte. 
 
 .n.o,mt of pubiity of chair Ll':;|i':! T" 
 
 or neraou. • it i. ni . ."'I""?™ of ,1„<,,18 and clwmcto™ 
 
 high r«;>.^^,^,V>n for iate^Ku mt he i.JT "lY *'"'" * 
 achievement or for moml /x'ceTlts ^ ""'"^ ^'^ ^^^'^^ 
 
 foncy n., the p^wer by which the mind fornm to if««lf ; 
 
 ami repimenttttionH of thiu«8 i)e.-H<'ns n V '*'^'[. '"!'??«« 
 the ci-eative faculty. ^ ' ' ' ' '^"""'* *^* ^»"4f i 
 
 Syn. : inuiginiition, ooncej>ti(m 
 delectation. // »««mS i« llLT ' ''^***"^' ^'^ """'^^» 
 
 «^*wfc<io/t, where, upon limited hL.^..il} • "r""^** *»»- 
 oomplet*. the outline ofT^lJlllVl^tTCt 
 
 the pro..;i.wn-„r^:;:r;::^rrr'z«iJ^2-"^^^ 
 
SYNONYMS DISC'KIMINATKD. 
 
 173 
 
 or 
 
 poet, tl.H paintor, aad tho sculpt,,,.. Fancf may 1« whoJlv 
 
 ^^^^^tio'Ii: ^''*''*""^^^" ^'^'» ^«<^i»y ««• cental lab .ur or 
 
 Syn. : weariness, las.witude, exhaustion, languor. 
 Ant. : freshness, vigour, activity. 
 
 in ^mfn f^' '' '^""uT '* ^^^'^ ^^^^^gof being tired out either 
 m mind or in body; weariness is a wearing out of the 
 8 rongth or the spirHs; lassitude, a general f^laxal^on of 
 
 rm*'*''""- ^^" ^'^^^^ differs from /^nj,^ar which 
 .night be thrown off by exercise, in being actual woaknS 
 HJid relaxation of the physical powers. Weariness mayT 
 the i^ult of prolonged physical effort, as after a [ong 
 journey, or it may be the result of .nental toil over a di y 
 dispirtting and uninteresting subject. ^' 
 
 " S"*' 'j'^ »**hou8h &ud /easihk it aeem, 
 Depend not muoh up.>u your golden dreMn."~Vowper. 
 
 Syn. : possible, pi-acticable, cK>ntrivable. 
 
 Ant. : impossible, unmanageable, unallowable. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Feasible denotes that which may be effected 
 by human agency. Possible is of wider signification, and 
 me.tns capable of existing or occurring : /er^bk l>elon^ to 
 the province of action only; possible to that of thouffht 
 and action a so, m when we s,iy, • it is possible, but not 
 probable. PracMle is very like /eSble; but pZ- 
 ttmble refevB, in the main, to mattoi^s of moral practice 
 while /«a*,,/>/« Ijelongs to physical action, or humin plani 
 and designs For instance, we might say. 'a feasible,' or 
 *a practicable scheme '; but we could only say *a imc- 
 ticable not 'a feasible virtue.' Pr^^ticMUn. the fiifthe^ 
 i«»nse of cjipab e ot l>eing made use of; as, 'at this season 
 It 18 practicable to go by the road.' or ' the breach was 
 reported practicable.' " 
 
 feeliiy, n. mnne of touch ; emotion ; tendnmess or sensibility 
 
 of IBUld. v 
 
(II 
 
 174 TUB nioir school kn(;li8h word hook. 
 
 Syn. : soime, seiiHation, iM-rception, 8ii8cf.,,tibility 
 Ant. : inHouHibilitv, callousneHH, cohlnesH, insenHateness. 
 8yn. di8. : - Ff^U,uj is the genenU, H.matv^ and sen.e 
 are the H,>ecml t^^nns ; the feehng is mthor physi 170. 
 
 in the general, and „,oraJ in the part'iouhir anp iSon 
 The fedmg, ,n a n.onil senso, h,i« ii. seat in the h^nX 
 IB trnnHitcy and variahlo; .en.e has its seat in th^ li. ' 
 8t.in.lng ; it ig iK^rnmnont and regular. .Semibililv is th« 
 -pucity o feeling or perceptio.7; .«..v>S% t eo^ 
 n only u«ed m the sense of quick .ensifnijy, or the .^padtl 
 of It. Amo/ton 18 a strong exciten.ent of feeling, tJndi^^ 
 to manifest iteelf by its <,m,ct „pon the body. sZT\n 
 employed m the widest way to comprise the wholoT",." 
 of mental and physical sensation; is, 'the things of! me 
 and sen^.' Perception is the conscious referc.icf of U^ 
 tt4)n to the cause which produanl it." 
 
 Syn.: pretend, simulate, dissimulate, affect, counterfeit 
 , 8yn. dig. : " Feiyn is t« gi .e fictitious existence or t« 
 
 w not so To ;j«.«tenrf is to put forward what is unreal 
 or untrue m such a way that it may be accepted as "iT 
 feigniny comn.only misleads the obirvation ' pret^riL 
 understand „g^ Del^ion is the very essen^l^'oT.^:!'" 
 hut o pretetui is etymological ly and in its oldest seTse 
 Biinply to put forward; then, derivatively, to put forwanl 
 m a cloak, or with false purinise. To ^mulatJ^\^l I 
 on and systematically exiib/t what I^e Tettu 
 and indica ions of feeling, a chamcter or a ^S wS 
 do not .rnlly belong to one ; to Hct a feigned par ^t 
 nmnlaexHiU feigne<l concealment of what r ly .^t 
 in on. s chamctj,r or feeling ; as nmuUuion is the S 
 exhilntion of what does not exist.'' '^igneu 
 
 ^^''^dowc'f ' *"""'"* '^""'^'"'' r...onvo,,.^ well-supplied or en- 
 •• H. become, quick of ob«orvation and ferliy of re-our^" 
 Syn. : fruitful, pi-olitie,produetive, inventive; exuberant 
 
SYNONYMS DiSCRIMrNATKD. 
 
 175 
 
 t? • «terile Wnrren, «np,«,|„et.ve. uni,„a«i native. 
 Syn. ,1,8.: '^ FerttU expreH8e« tlmt wind, h^ «n ; 
 
 «ir»acity of man, as a IrtilelTl^TL^ • '""'"^ ^'^ 
 
 »n,l ,™ Ivo,'' w '"^''"?'"'' r:.'"« '" "'--"•"nee. 
 etc If 111 ■" «"nn«ls and fniit lM.,,rii,c in-J 
 
 naiurally produ>ettve ih k ent cal wifh nL f Ji V 
 ,.ro.I„o,ive„e« ™.v be the J;:it of art i"'t" ,C'' ' '"' 
 finish. „.. to bring to a., on,I ; to mako ,»,rf,„t or co„,,.Iote 
 Syn. : close, co„cl,„le, con.ploto, terniinul,., end 
 Ant. : hegui, comuionce, start, undertake. 
 oe« close. 
 
 Syn. : coniplimont, adulation, [.raiix, 
 Ant : insult, derision, rebuke, censun". 
 
 i.~iror':dm;«ii7„'''„o*t ;: f"^"' :•"'•'• •"■p--- 
 
 but for the X 7;,^L"„JTanlv'or'''' •''■'" 7^ '""• 
 not necessarily express praise at all ■ it n,.v hT ^' , 
 
 excessive and exafffffiriif^.J ^f ' '""^""'K "Ke a dog) ig 
 feiffncMl «„k1L- *^* , >'«ery, accompanied bv a 
 imgnu subsemeucy, and is ready to ex u ess iLir^ i« 
 hyiHJcnsy and falsehood." expiess itself in 
 
 flourish, «., lit to come out in blossom • *^ K. ..^ _ 
 
 Hyn. : tlirivo 
 
 prosper. 
 
 ' rf 
 
 * 
 
 Ant. : fade, fail, decl 
 
 ine. 
 
IP 
 
 176 THK HIGH SCHOOL ENOLISH WORM-BOOK. 
 
 8yn. .«H : '^ Flour ink ami thr. am employed luth of 
 venreutive hfe ami ^.rowth and o* tho doiuKs of raen • 
 proHp^ on\y of men's state and doings. To ^wruih is tJ 
 be m tho possession and display of all jK>wer-s belonffinir 
 to the individual actiording to his nature. The result of 
 JlouTiHfnng is the adu.iration of others or of beholders 
 Ihrive IS to />ro«p«. by industry and care : aoquiH.tion in 
 sul,Ht,mce by growth is the idea expresj by thrxm 
 Irosper is so to thrU^ m to be iu advantageous circu ml 
 stances : prosperity iK-Iungs to him who hoi>ed for succ^ks 
 while the meroly fortunate man owes it to chance " ^^'hc 
 term lyrosperUj/ is used also in a general sense, as when 
 we speak of the prospeHty of a nation, of the arts of 
 commerce, of agriculture, of literature, eto. 
 
 foresight, n the act or faculty of foreseeing; a provident 
 care for futurity. o » r *« 
 
 Syn. : forethought, forecjist, premeditation, planning. 
 
 Ant. : improvidence ; unwariness, heedlessness. 
 • ^V'- ^'^- ''/'/oresiy/a, from seeing befoi-o, denotes the 
 siiuplo act of the mmd in seeing a thing before it happens • 
 forecani from casting the thoughts onward, signifies^om- 
 mg at the knowledge of a thing beforehand by means of 
 c&lAihition ipreoieditation, from meditate, signifies obtain- 
 ing the same knowh.lge by force of meditating or reflecting 
 deeply, hin-enyht is the general and indefinite term • w5 
 employ it either on ordinary or extraordinary occasions • 
 forecaat and premeditation mostly in the latter case • all 
 ousmess reqmren f^nmght; State concerns require /ar«. 
 coat : hy/tn-estyU ,na4/;,rwrw/ we guard against evils and 
 provide for conhnj^nides; by premediUUion we ijuard 
 against errors of CiH*4 uot." 
 
 form, v., to make, shape, or mould out of materialn ; to mo<loI 
 or mould according to a pattern. 
 
 Syn. : compose, constitute, fashion, construct. 
 
 Ant.: derange, disintegrate, disorganize. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Form is a generic and indefinite term • to 
 compose aiul constitute ai-e modes of forming : all may be 
 employed either to designate modes of action or tn qI..... 
 aoterizo tilings. Things may be formed either by 'persons 
 
 tCi 
 
r * 
 
 8VNONYM8 I.ISCRIMINATED. 
 
 
 177 
 
 frame, n.,a>- ructuiv fornittl of tmit«.l ,^^ 
 My». tei„,»,r, tom,«rK.„«„t. con»tit> ,tion. 
 
 A-im,. UH wHI HH thinking i^ tlJ,t»U vi „ ?' ^ *^' "' 
 •»'li^i"l-Hl; the for , L Tmn...! f '""^^' .«*«^' "f the 
 
 «"« well uudor cont . Th' Zil^Tr,''" .^7*^ - 
 
 fraud, n., a deceitful act by which th^ ..{»» * 
 
 HMothur in injured. "^*'* "•" »»toi-oi,t of 
 
 'I'll 
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 178 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 motives in which they directly originate." Fraud aims at 
 the disadvantage of another, or is at least such a deceiving 
 of another as shall in some way advantage oneself and 
 cause injury, loss, or humiliation to the one on whom it is 
 practised. " GuiU is a wily regard for one's own interests, 
 and IS more an abstract quality than/mt*ci; awt^e is iii 
 the nature, /mwfl? is embodied in the act." 
 
 frequently, adv., many times ; at short intervals. 
 
 or(«n^ °^*^'^' commonly, habitually, generally, usually. 
 
 Ant. : seldom, rarely, casually, uncommonly. 
 
 Syn dis. : " Oftm relates to a standard of frequency 
 implied or expressed, and has a sort of fixed value • fre- 
 qimntly denotes the simple numerous repetition of anything 
 without any standard to which such repetition can be 
 referred. Uncalculated recurrences occur /reowew% • cal- 
 culated recurrences (if so it be) occur oftm. GoLmnly 
 denotes that kind of frequency, the nonoccurrence of which 
 would create surprise ; ordimmly, that which follows o- 
 seems to follow, a fixed order or rule ; gm&raWy, that which 
 occurs in the majority of similar cases, so that the contrary 
 would be an exception or a specific deviation; uaually 
 that which occurs in such a way that the idea of custom 
 IS connected either with the occurrence itself or with the 
 observation of him who experiences or takes cognizance of 
 It; IwhUually, that which exhibits both the force and the 
 frequency of habit, and usually its frequency alone." 
 
 ftOfll, v., to complete or carry into effect ; to oerform what is 
 promised, expected, or foretold. 
 
 Syn. : discharge, realize, accomplish, complete. 
 
 Ant. : neglect, ignore, disappoint, falsify. 
 ^ Syn. dis. : "To>^/?.' is literally to till quite full, that 
 18 to bring about fuU to the wishes of a person ; acc(ym. 
 phsh IS to bring perfection, but without reference to the 
 wishes of any one; to realize is to make real, namely 
 whatever has been aimed at. The application of thes^ 
 terms 18 evident from their explanations: the wishes the 
 
 eXOectationS. tho infAnfinna anA *U^ : -/• • \. . 
 
 dual are appropriately said to hefu/fifled; national projects 
 
SYNONYMS PISCrTMlNATED 
 
 / 179 
 
 able to his wish, or Z a>« fr,..T V t"""*' *» » "". «8™e- 
 
 ia that which i^ZZ^lf^^r^Z'''''^''-^ 
 species of oaw from loI«>„, ^*' ^'^'■wnent u a 
 
 descriptio/arL mnWoIull'^'i***'^ ''««; «f thia 
 and ^ofit are alsT^air in .^^v '™'" ^ °^'"'- G'am 
 ne^r used otherwi^ bu "the 1,^'*'^ """*'' ''««••' « 
 Oad ^..anin,; . i, a.Ho?,Ts;^,!CU'r:eS" ' 
 gentle orf/, noft and .^fined in mamie™ ; high-bred 
 
 Syn. : mxld, meek, soft, bland, tame 
 
 Aat. : rough, rude, coarse, fieroe, savage. 
 
 further extension of meSi tfl'"*""""""' ■»<•• l-y « 
 disposition. «rf convZ fhe 1d^'!f "^l^ T^" P'"" 
 
 deterio^W energ..: theX iltiSthl°SfL,''h' T 
 the expression is miW wl,,,.!. . VI , "S"' ™ ''arsh ; 
 
 ram. denotes tha?rttnltth"u'«?''''»™ >«» stem. 
 
 ing or domesticatifnT tn melnh? ^'^•''' °' '"'«- 
 signify spiHtless, as -a S^: .^^tT^t'-'. ^""f « used to 
 
 'a^ness is inanimate traotablene^ ^' aLT jJT ■ 
 aitters from mi dne-^ «o«fi«« , quiet. Meekness 
 
 never applied Hketheif to T':.'*'"' '°''™«"' » bein^ 
 the temper o'r chai^c "r! ^t J'T?"'?''- '"' ?'"^ "^ 
 impressions by soothing quaUtfe, „f ,'-™'''"'«>8 P'easing 
 ployed exclusiieiy of t.?e^",l':i°Li-':^?'«'-. ""jd « ««■ 
 »ion and manner Th« nf,o.r\. '"■"A"'''?^*"""^ ^* expres- 
 
 P-eaaantimpressMt^X^^rShnt:?^.!:;' 
 
 
I'l 
 
 180 THK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 hence the tendency of the term to assun.e nmrally an uu- 
 favourable character, as effeminacy, too great suscepttbiU y 
 and too great simplicity." * i-i^^iuty 
 
 " Oive, and it shall be given unto you." 
 Syn. : grant, bestow, confer, present, communicate 
 Ant. : withhold, withdraw, refuse, retain, grasp, deny 
 byn. dis : - The idea common to these terms is that of 
 communicating to others what is our own, or in our power 
 
 modes of giving : to grant is always from one J^on to 
 one or more others, in accordance with an exp^crtk>n 
 prayer or request. To bestou. (be and stow, a pE m^^^^^^^^ 
 originally to lay upin store. Hence, its' latUi^in' 
 s to give soniething of substantial value, with thTrten" 
 ion of benehtmg the object of the bktowal (^^ti 
 imp les not so much the value of the thing gi^en aHhe 
 condescension of the giver: honours, favours, Snclns 
 lw.r ^^^^^T^'- g««^«' gift«, endowments, areT 
 r^inS""^^' '"'''"'' ^"^"^^^«' opportunities, etct 
 
 glad, adj., expressive of or indicating pleasure or satisfaction 
 
 fied,^haiV^'''''^^ ^''^^"^' ^''^''"'' ^"^'^^'"'■' '^'''^"^' ^''"^ 
 Ant. : grieved, depressed, dispirited, sorrowful, unhappy 
 byn. dis. : Gkul may denote merely a lively and mo! 
 mentary sentiment ; pleased and jo>}ul seem^ra 1 er t^ 
 denote a gentle, but a more lasting ffeling ; Si, however 
 express more or less lively sentiments. « § Lc^ ' 3^X7^ 
 than joyful, and more so than cheerful. PI, ^^v de 
 note either the pleasure of joy or the pleasure of TZlo 
 tion or approbation ; gratijled implies a .ense of pTeasum 
 due to the behaviour of another • deliy/Ued is a stronger 
 term than glad or pleased for expressing the same kinrof 
 
 glory, n., praise, honour, or admimtinn nr A;.4.i^^^:^„ , ■ , 
 ascribed to any person by gerierafconsentr"^' ^ """ 
 
 
 N * 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 "Of good and evil much they arcued then 
 Of happiness and final misery^ ' ° 
 Passion and apathy, and glor;, and ^he^me --Milton. 
 
 181 
 
 Syn. : honour, fame; splendour, brightness, n.Hgnifieence 
 ^.Ant. : degradat,„n, obscurity, shan>e, dlshon'our, igu^: 
 
 efforts, briltnt aehtZelT.:' '^'^ti -f-'Hua,-^ 
 
 is the Result of meSouIsu^rtotr:'*'' ''■, ^'^ 
 .ess sho«.y, walks of life rrelVSf T'^ l^^^^h ■"" 
 
 Syn. : rule, regulate, «,ntrol, guide, sway. 
 tT;,'"'"'.?!^L"^''^°*' ""'^S"™™' "'i^oontrol. 
 less i-nto^'Jhe ^^^^7l^^ «tt™to""™ "^ 
 
 the making the w U the rul ??'L^ exerc.se of power, 
 
 ^n. ..'Clafl r therwItTa'-rr ^"^7 t 
 hft^ to persons, though we n,ay speak o7"a ^rj^ 
 
 t'^Z^Ty dritrarfthlt" ^ " TT ' '"^^ '" 
 selves, but^we~rj;o^X'S/T"*r^ °" 
 species of y<««rJ„V simply by uXmlnt.fh ""'^" "* * 
 plicable, a« is also that if »»^m rthLf n/°"' " *'" 
 
 iti 
 
li! 
 
 182 THE HIGH SCHOOl ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 them/''^2 Kiras:" "■" "'""'^ *" *^™' ""> ■>»* companion „„ 
 
 C3, 
 
 •w 
 
 Byn. ; merciful, kind, courteous, benignant 
 Ant. : hauglity, discourteous, churlish, ill-disposed. 
 Syn. dis. : "Gradom when compared with Und differs 
 pnncpally as to the station of the persons to^im Tt S 
 applied : ^rac»™ is altogether confined to superior^ ,^ 
 «.ind:scrimmately employed for superiors Inde'qS^ 
 K^',^nem is a domestic virtue, it is the display of our 
 good-wiU not only in the man.er, but in theS^ uZ- 
 iLni^L iTf ^ "' withholding pain, evil, or sufff^g, 
 When It IS in one s power to inflict it ; or in a milder sens^ 
 the granting of benefits in spite of demerit." ' 
 
 *^*^il^the's':f ""' """*"> <" «-««-«- *» ■> to 
 
 Syn. : indulge, humour, please, satisfy. 
 
 Ant. : displease, disatisfy, disappoint, deny. 
 
 Syn. dis : "To gratify, make grateful or pleasant is a 
 positive act of the choice; to iJulge, (Lat. iMeo and 
 ^.^a., to sweeten, or make palatable) 4 a neSLS 
 the will a yielding of the mind to circumsLrs one 
 graHM his appetites, and indulges his humour. We m^v 
 sometimes grah/y a laudable curiosity, and indZeZl 
 selves in a salutary recreation ; but grati/yL^ft^^^ 
 becomes a vice and m.. W as a hV^ll' ^kn:^) 
 
 l^^^^^wris to adapt oneself to the variable 
 mood of another; to ^fea^. has the twofold mean^fof 
 excitmg 1) anything of the nature of pleasur^ aX?^ 
 specifically a feeling of honourable satisfaction^^ when an 
 employer expresses himself ;,/.aW with one in hisCpIoy 
 Pleasure holds an intermediate position between IXai 
 ion and graH^caHon. being more than the fii^tand le^ 
 than the second. To satisfy is to fill up the measure of ^ 
 want, whether the want be ordinate and lawful or unkw 
 
 would be a egitimate act ; gratifying low passions wS 
 
to 
 
 SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 133 
 
 grave, adj. (Fr. from Lat. gravis, heavy), Fig. weighty, mo- 
 '^lentous, important. -" b a j, luu- 
 
 Syn. : serious, solemn, sad, demure. 
 
 Ant. : joyous, merry, light, trivial, frivolous. 
 
 «nfL"' ^i^'l " ^^^'^ expresses more than serious; it does 
 not merely bespeak the absence of mirth, but that heavi- 
 ness of mind which IS displayed in all the movements of 
 
 in ),i„ ; * '^''^ i"^T ^^ ^'""^^^ *^ ^'^ ^^^k, in his tone, 
 
 m his gesture, m his looks, and in all his exterior : he is 
 
 s^ums only m his general air, his countenance, and de- 
 
 meanour. ^o^eTTm expresses more than either grave or 
 
 serums; like senous, it is employed to characterize either 
 
 the person or the thing : the judge pronounces the 
 
 .oW sentence of condemnarion in a solemn manner • 
 
 a preacher delivers many solemn warnings to his hearers." 
 
 we speaK of considerations as being grave or light • of 
 
 circumstance as being senous or unimportant : of cere^ 
 
 monies as being solemn and impressive, amusing ir trivial. 
 
 grievance, w., anything which causes pain or annoyance or 
 gives ground for complaint, remonstrance, or resistance. 
 Syn. : hardship, injury, injustice, burden, trouble. 
 Ant. : boon, benefit, riddance, alleviation. 
 
 a* ^r* f *'-i " Pe//^«««»*«« implies that which lies heavy 
 at the heart; hardship, that which presses or bears vi^ 
 iently on the person. An infraction of one's rights, an 
 act of violence or oppression, are grievances to thSse who 
 are exposed to them, whether as individuals or bodies of 
 men : aii unequal distribution of labour, a partial indul- 
 ^7shi ^^^ ^^^^ detriment of another, constitutes the 
 
 grudge, n., a feeling of malice or malevolence; secret enmity. 
 
 Thl^'Z^V^'f, ^^^ between them : 'tis not meet 
 They be s^one."— Shakespeare. 
 
 Syn. : spite, pique, ill-wUl, grievance. 
 Ant : approval, good-will, benefaction. 
 
 «„nr'^^ru "i,-^ -^ri^' '^ * "^^ ^f continuous and 
 
 . "'"'"" ^"^xiBHcu iigainst anotner, iiaving its origin 
 
 in 8ome act of the person against whom it is felt. Spite 
 
i' 
 
 m 
 
 184 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-ROOK. 
 
 is a more active and demonstrative form of mnlevolpnon 
 but not so enduring as grud.e, which show iTs K "u ! 
 ting words and irritating den.eanour. Finue is purelv 
 personal, and comes of offended pride or a auick Jn f^ 
 resentment against a supposed negle t' or in/urf w'Tless 
 of malevolence than grudge or s^e, both^ of^'wh Lh a'^ 
 S'P" '^ ^ '^^^^^ *« ^^J--^' -h-h does not tlong 
 
 guide /I., one who or that which guides or directs a npr«nn 
 in his conduct or course of life ; a director ^ '''" 
 
 Syn. : rule, direction. 
 
 to hnd the line, and consequently to fail either on tJ.! 
 ones.de or the other." Conscience is, or sho Id te the 
 
 r Ph • ?*"' r"""' ; ^"'y '" »"'» neighbor. th^Vlfe 
 for Ohnstian observance. Direction may be a s^fi^ 
 order to be obeyed literally, or a suggest^ c^uraeT he 
 followed under given circumstances ? when th° forme, it 
 has the force of an instructive command ; when theTtter 
 
 sZL'r;iz:^: " "^ -^'^'^ "- - -* - ~ 
 
 guise, n.(glz), manner, mien, cast of behaviour or conduct. 
 " By their guise just men they seem. "—Milton. 
 Syn. : habit, garb, aspect, semblance. 
 Ant. : character, person, individual. 
 
 hufid effe^i nff' '" ^ */T "™P'^^"d ^« d«^«te the com- 
 bined effect of dress and deportment. The mci^e is f W 
 
 which is unusual, and often only occasional ?J*'''Vz. "^^ 
 that which is u^ual among "^ticuTar^^^^^^^^ '' 
 
 sometimes assumes the ^^f a peyanUn^rdrth: 
 better to conceal himself; he who devotes hinL^f to th« 
 clerical profession puts on the habit of a clergyman G^l 
 IS official or appropriate dress, and, like d?eC may oZ 
 prise several articles of apparel ; kabit, usuall v " owever" 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 185 
 
 are 
 
 H. 
 habitation, n., a phco t„ dw,o, ;„ ; , ,,,,„, „, „,,^,,„ 
 
 Every star perh„« , „,„ of da,ti„„d /„/„•,.,;„,, ..L^^,.,,^,, 
 Syn. : abode, domicile. 
 
 nofaeta;.ii;?tt;:f„A;' '"■■"^, "?*^'' "- ■•nl'-l.H., 
 
 has the sa,„e L.eZ w t, ^ "rdi,: tTv '""' ^ "^"'''^ 
 constant passing of one's life th„!.. n i-< forence to the 
 
 idea of haHtation anTa J fa tl T' k°"'"^' "'''» "'« 
 civil government and t . '"'""o™!"!' to society and 
 
 technical tha"convevs.ftioLl tT'I'^'T / "■™ ■»"""■ 
 
 ticnlar place, ,vHh TsitTve or . '' '"•'"'"«'"' '" " l""" 
 intention^ to Remain' W' »P''?"':'.1V''7. P'-"f "f an 
 more directly than nhn,}^ L f • , • '^^"^"«^*'>w points 
 
 and pmtectiL the woods are irr*, '"^TT' »''""«' 
 nests are their Wto,W" "" "^"''^ "* ''"■J«. their 
 
 happen, <>., to befall, to come U, pass. 
 Syn. ; chance, occur. 
 
 ingX'^coilate.fe" '"^''""' *" "^'"'"^ -•"'«"' inclnd- 
 
 idea of^he :t:'j'ro;dt:rerr''™H'':' '*'^"'"^' "■« 
 
 pass happen., whether regn^arlTIn tLt. ™'' f r"" •» 
 or particularly, and out rf Zorde, XZ"^ '^'"^' 
 happens altogether without -Z. 7 ■'. -^^^ c/tancen 
 
 without relation to^ othS h t '' " T:";:"' f^" 
 occunere. to run fitnincf\ ;o „ i ^^' ^ occur ILat. 
 
 It ,s said not only of events, hut of ?del „' i'," "Jf 
 which suggest themselves. .£■»« J„f ,J„ f °J. *honghts 
 pen; but they are not occu^eZ^ ^ '^Tf, '""""'^ '"'P' 
 word "transpire" as the synonym 7" ha Z"^ T ""^ 
 pire has one meaning viz t^ i "f- "• Trans- 
 per^pire, or emit through Se'pots oflhlV'™''!''' .'^ 
 means ' to leak out,' e c a secrit ^! • t *'"' ^* "'^o 
 
 as, - The result of thW felii:S;:U: XT;„^-SS' 
 sure or good. ^ ' possessed of or enjoying plea- 
 
Jl 
 
 J. 
 
 Il 
 
 186 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 f^ ^r' ^i^' ' ?''^' fortunate, and lucky, are all apnlied 
 to the external circumstances of a man ; bu hapm conZ, 
 
 imply lather what is agreeable to one's wishes. A man 
 ^ hop^.y^n his marriage, in his children, in his tonnec 
 tions, and the like ; he is/ortunate or lucky Tn h s trading 
 concerns. Happy excludes the idea of cLceTMt^atl 
 and /t.c% exclude the idea of personal effort • a man L 
 happy m the possession of what he crets • he i« f^f I 
 or hxrku in orof H«^ ;* t j • » ' ^® ^^ fortunate 
 or mcA,y m getting it Zucky is generally used onlv of 
 
 orb^cCcr^^ ^-^^^" '' ''' largerU^llTf^:: 
 
 ^^spSd'" *" "'"' "'*^ ''^^"*^' to go or act with haste or 
 
 Syn. : hurry, urge, accelerate, expedite. 
 
 Ant : retard, impede, obstruct, delay. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " To /lasten and hurry hnfh ,-T«».i,r *« ^ 
 forward with quickness in any mTfte^ftl e^Ltrj: 
 proceed with some design and good order, but tTe laTter 
 always supposes excitement and irremilaritv Tn* . 
 2 opposed to delay or a dilatory moi:':r;;oceedin^1: 
 « often necessaiy to hasten in the affairs of humanlife 
 to hurry is opposed to deliberate and cautious prSw' 
 As epithets hasty and hurried are both imp ie^dTa bad 
 
 ^Zlwi^fr^^"^ "^'"'^^^ overquicCss of mc^ 
 t^on which outetrips consideration;" hurried implij^t 
 disorderiy motion which may arise from a neXror 
 excited mental condition. What is done in ;ia.rmay Z 
 well done ; not so what is done in a hurry. ^ 
 
 hatred, n., a feeling of great dislike or aversion ; detestation, 
 byn. : ayei-sion, antipathy, enmity, repugnance ill-will 
 malice, malevolence, malignity, abhiirencefloTthing: ' 
 Ant : liking love, approval, relish, fondness, affection. 
 
 f „, ^S* ' /, X , synonyms may be broadly divided into 
 two Glares, (1) those that express a feeling, nralwTv^ 
 explainable or reasonable, of dislike towards'some pe^^n 
 or thing, and (2) those that imply that the feeder 
 ned into action towards its object (usually a i^iNon? «^^ 
 that its exercise gives pleasure or sa^fl/^L .ftfc ' 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. Jgy 
 
 displaying the feeling. In the former class, aversion, <m- 
 txpathy, abhorrence, and loathing, n.ay be grouped ; in the 
 latter, speaking generally, the other terms occur and are 
 expressive ot active and aggressive ill-will. Hatred may be 
 considered as a general term expressive of dislike; Ler- 
 ToZ Z^ ":^ *r^. ^'^°™ ^^"* '' unpleasant or'obnox- 
 n li ""a ' Tv^^^^ ^' "'^^ ""^ c^M^eleBB, or more or less 
 Ill-defined, dislike; repuyna/nce denotes an involuntarv 
 resistance U> something abhorrent, or to a particular tZ 
 IhT^I- ^V}''l circumstances impel us; ill^U is a 
 settled bias of the disposition away from another and may 
 be of any degree of strength ; enmity expresses a stete of 
 p.- .onal opposition, whether accompanied by strong per- 
 sonal hostility or not ; malice is that enmity which i^l 
 fests Itself by injuring its object and in shaping coui^of 
 ev lof tr'^P'"' ;•*' ^""^ ' "^^^^^^y denotes fn inherent 
 Ir ttatc^:: ""'^"^"^ '^"^*^^ '"^ "^^'^^'^ - P*^- 
 
 hOftd, n., a chief, a ruler, a principal, a guide, a director. 
 Syn. : chief, leader, governor. 
 
 Ant. : servant, retainer, inferior, subordinate, follower 
 Syn. dis : In its derivative sense, head is the analogue 
 (t.e., an object that has a resemblance to) of cUef and 
 denotes, as we usually employ the word, the first in an 
 organized body. Chief, in addition to this sense of^th^ 
 term, expresses pre-eminence, personal and active "A 
 person may be the W of a number, because there must 
 be sormluad; but if he is the chi^f, his personal impoil 
 ance and influence is felt, whether for good or ill.^ So 
 personal IS the idea of chief, that a man may be chi^f 
 among others without being in any sense their head, that 
 18, bound to them in a relationship of command. A 
 Wer 13 one who controls, directs, and instigates others in 
 LT iT' t T'^T^''^ «r action : the head is the highest 
 man , the chief is the strongest, best, or most conspicuous 
 man ; the leader - the most influential man." 
 
 hearty, adj., pertaii ir.g to or proceeding from the heart • 
 frank, free from dissimulation. ' 
 
 Syn. : wai-ni, sincere, c-ordial. 
 Ant. : cold, insincere, repellant. 
 
 HI 
 
188 TUK IllOfl SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Uearty and warm express h .stronger feel 
 ing than .^,.c«r. • .Wm/ is a mixture of the^im an 
 ^mcere; hearty K. having the heart in a thin.!!eLe" ' 
 
 nothing of the strength orZ^r^^'^, ^t^^^^^^ 
 It 18 genume and not pretended. 'Cor.lial {UZZ^ 
 the heart) is the Latin form of the Savon *!/!,' 
 differs rather in the mode of apX^tirthrt 7^ 
 essence of the meaning." We say o^ th^ntA /-^l 
 
 when thanks are warmly felt ThanL aTo^^^^^^^^^ 
 thanks ar^ warmly expressed. ^ ^^^" 
 
 heed, w., cautious or cf^eful observation. 
 
 Syn. : care, attention, regard, mindfulness 
 Ant. : heedlessness, carelessness, recklessness. 
 Syn. dis. : -Heed applies to matters of importance ^ 
 ones moral conduct; care to matters of minrimoort . ^ 
 man is required to take heed; a child is^eql^^^ 
 
 TV t^ /"'"'"" "^"^°^«^« hi« understand^ in takin' 
 heed; the latter exercises his thoughts ani >.1o -^ 
 
 taking care. Heed combines ^e^ouLl^T'^C, 
 while attention has the general sense of a carll^-n. oJ 
 the mind to anything that is proposed ^ > ? ?^u 
 exclusive relation to Ihat conce'rTws In' itfresr 
 oZ ^^,1;'''''''^^ "^ -«^^-^ - takes W t^^et 
 
 heinous, ac(;\ (ei ^ a), wicked in the highest de-ree • dpf««. 
 able, hateful, odious, abominable. "" ' ^^^^^^ 
 
 Sya : flagrant, flagitious, atrocious. 
 Ant : excellent, laudable, praiseworthy, mentorious 
 Syn. dis. : "These epithets, which are annlied fn . 
 seem to rise in degree. A crime is hZ^tt^i:^:^; 
 offends against the laws of men • a sin ,= J - ^-"^"sly 
 seriously offends against thrwiil of God tnTff "'^'-^ 
 Jlagrar^t which is in direct defiance of establiX 1 ^^'^ '' 
 and practice : if. i« /7^.,-.,-.„. t" established opinions 
 
 r - - j.jxy.„,ut^;, u u gross violation of the 
 
(iger feel- 
 ariH and 
 -earnest, 
 and cor- 
 sing the 
 y of the 
 ed ; as a 
 ; hearty 
 ixpresses 
 Jtes that 
 *, cordis, 
 ^ty, and 
 in the 
 cordial 
 'y when 
 
 mce to 
 )ort : a 
 to take 
 taking 
 ises in 
 ; but 
 ^ng of 
 3c/ has 
 erests. 
 ' one's 
 
 ietest- 
 
 us. 
 
 •imes, 
 ously 
 t^Iiich 
 ^ce is 
 tiions 
 f the 
 
 SYNONYMS DISCUIMINATED. ^ ^9 
 
 moral law, or coupU^.! with any grcssiu'ss : a ciinio is 
 atrocious which is attended with any aggravaiMig circ.nn- 
 stances. Lying is a heinous sin ; gaming and drunkonness 
 are flagrant breaches of the Divine law ; the murder of a 
 whole family is in the f.illest sense atrocious:' Flagrant 
 i« should be noted, implies that the sin or deed is done in' 
 the eye ot the public, or is taken cognizance of by th^ 
 public: flagrant applies also to error as well as to crime. 
 
 hold, v., to possess ; to be in possession of; to retain or keep 
 possession of * 
 
 Syii. : occupy, possess, retain, maintain. 
 
 Ant. : drop, abandon, vacate, surrender, release, forego. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " We hold a thing for a long or short tim^'e • 
 we occupy it for a permanence : we hold it for ourselves or 
 others; we occupy it only for oui-selves : we hold, i for 
 various purposes; we occupy only lor the purpose of ccv 
 verting it to our private use. * * The tenant occupies 
 the farm when it holds it by a certain lease, and cultivates 
 It tor his subsistence ; but the landlord possesses the farm 
 possessing the right to let it, and to receive the rent We 
 may hold by force, or fraud, or right ; we occupy either by 
 force or right ; we possess only by right. Hence v . say 
 hguratively, to hold a person in high esteem or contempt 
 to occupy a person's attention, or to possess liis affection.'' 
 
 homage, w., deference, respectful regard, reverence. 
 
 Syn. : fealty, court, allegiance, worship. 
 
 Ant. : defiance, insubordination, disaffection, treason. 
 
 Syn. dis. : Homage, in its ino<lorn and figurative sense 
 comprehends any solemn mark of def(»rence, by which the 
 superiority of another is acknowledged : homage is paid or 
 done to superior endowments. *' We pay honmge to men 
 of excellence, virtue or power (also to women of o-reat 
 beauty, or saiatliness of character), and, by a figure of 
 speech, to the excellences themselves ; we show fealty to 
 principles^ by which we have professed to be guided, or to 
 peraous who are not so far our superiors as is implied in 
 homage ; and we pay court when we desire pereonal favour 
 
kJIfjl 
 
 190 
 
 THR HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 
 i 
 
 ^Syn. : uprightness, integrity, probity, straightforward- 
 Ant -dishonesty, insincerity, fm„d, g„i]e, chicanery 
 
 thl. t* ' 1 "''**' '*™®^8 *"<' straightforwardness of 
 thought, speech, purpose, or conduct. ^ ieW'^ w °5 
 two-fold meanins either en .v.oi,i„ <■ "'/"-f^My "as a 
 o.tn«=. «f oaiiiiig, euner (i; reahty of conviction or earn- 
 
 s:i^rr:- l^e^r :rrd'tn£ 
 pXf Lt^:; ltsr^traTa:-di£:; 
 
 ^fef/ro^ f—of ttn1lhit;"aZirto ^| 
 
 r7^:;:!■;t:^crisTb.^CH 
 
 however, conj., 
 
 though. 
 
 These tea objectors, A»««., were almost aU of one mind. 
 
 hyn. dis. : "These conjunctions are in grammar termed 
 adversative, because they join sentences togethTttaUrnI 
 more or less in opposition to each other" W^ is^e 
 
 r:hrf\hrtrirr^^™*^'» "— ^^ 
 
 empioyea to set two specific propositions eitfi'i;' ^;S 
 
 nevertheless, notwithstanding, yet, still, 
 
person to 
 
 onourable 
 tforward- 
 
 caneiy. 
 
 nambigu- 
 'dness of 
 y bas a 
 
 or earn- 
 imess or 
 a itself; 
 matters, 
 ignity of 
 
 much a 
 y {Lat., 
 
 whole) 
 1 larger 
 •inciple, 
 ercially 
 nteijrity 
 ep that 
 
 To the 
 
 to the 
 itegrity 
 by and 
 
 still, 
 
 d. 
 
 ermed 
 stand 
 is the 
 I as a 
 , hou)- 
 i that 
 ins to 
 lOstly 
 itrast 
 
 SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 or direct opposition to each other; the two latter are but 
 species of the former, pointing out the opposition in a more 
 specific manner. There are cases in which yet is peculiurlv 
 proper ; others in which nevertheless, and others in which 
 rwtwithstanding, is preferable. Yet bespeaks a simple 
 conti-ast, as ' Addison was not a good speaker, yet he was 
 
 ^n„U ""r?*" '"u^""-' ^^^^"^^tk^l^^^ and notwithstanding 
 could not here be substituted; these terms are mostly 
 used to imply effects or consequences opposite to what 
 might naturally be expected to result. Example -'He 
 has acted an unworthy part, nevertheless I wUl be a friend 
 to him ; notwithstanding all I have said, he still persists 
 in his own imprudent conduct.' " » i u 
 
 hurt, n., anything which causes physical pain ; loss or damage. 
 
 Syn. ; damage, injury, harm, wrong, detriment. 
 
 Syn. dis. : - When used of the mind or feelings, hurt is 
 employed in the sense of receiving a rude shock" ^^ ' His 
 pride wa^ hurt.' Some degree of physical violence is in- 
 p ed m the term : a subtle noxious influence would injure, 
 but not hurt. Damage is harm externally inflicted on 
 wnat .s ot value, ar. trees, crops, movable property, per- 
 
 oHLT r^' . 'n»^^«**^^ Purely physical meaning 
 of permanent hurt co physical objects, and of harm to 
 whatever IS susceptible to it, as moral beings, etc., as, 'a 
 ree is ^nJured by a storm '; Hnjury to a mSn's peion or 
 to his character'; ^ tnjury to the cause of religion or of 
 
 difficulty, inconvenience, loss, or impedes the desirable 
 growth, operation, progress, and issue of things." ffarrn 
 and A^r^ being Anglo-Saxon terms, are preferable to Z 
 jury and damage. Wroug is an injury done by one person 
 to another in express violation of justice : LustL and 
 yyrong he in the principle, injury in the act. ^ 
 
 I. 
 
 Syn. : lazy, indolent, slothful, unemployed. 
 
 Ant. : occupied, active, busy, assiduous, industrious. 
 
 t 
 
192 
 
 THE llKiH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Syn. dis : «A propensity to inaction is the commn,. 
 Idea by winch these wo, els are connected thpv hT 
 
 have been better spent. The men thit ^^nn^l w; k ^ 
 no „., ,..„ M, ea fhen. were ^:^J';\T^.;1'^: 
 
 Syn. : illiterate, unlearned, unlettered. 
 Ant. : wise, learned, educated, clever, tutored. 
 Syn. dis. : " Ignorant is a comprehensive term • it in 
 eludes any degree from the highest to the loweif . ," 
 
 ant of many things ; but when ignorance is coim ed w^h 
 sel -conce.t and presumption, then the term ZZLjt 
 illiterate may be ohe of reproach. « UnlearnpTlf 
 kttered differ from illlterJe in not impl^ ^g ^^^^ ^ 
 man may be learned in one branch of Lfninrand ' 
 learned m another : ^cnlettered is rather a rhe orica? than 
 an every-day term. Illiterate is ignorant of letters S^^« 
 persons are ^^nomn. of comnion l.-acticarevery^^^^^ 
 
 wTo' luhrt'l'"" being .mv....; others^ «."!" 
 WHO, witliout the oiipoitunities of good education h..Z 
 picked up a good stock of .eneial in&vZtTon^ ' ™ 
 
 '"^^^S "*■' °^ "° """""'"' *''«""• '"'P<"*">«e. or con. 
 Syn. : .iium,,„, tant, tiifli,,.;, unessential, inelevnnt 
 
an 
 
 SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED 
 
 193 
 Ant. : material, essential, important, relevant 
 
 ^at w, Tin ':zpz%::::^i\^^ :, 
 
 ,tte. ' fZ^"'- *''■!'^ '^ applied only to famSl^ 
 rot-' imZ'^T' ^h^'h^rwego'^to^yor'S.^t 
 moment orfeCI ZlCt ?> f <1»«»«»» of 
 
 as it were, to the aocidentT^ w^ ^* ^^'"*' *>"'' 
 part of the thin" Cf wlf ^Iff' ""'* 8"'°S *° <■<>"» 
 tive «naiderat i'onsT'tn ttZ IZS,'' TT^^ 
 wh.ehdoea not appertain in any way tX^ument" "' 
 
 "^&Sy* ^^''=' °™'' " <"- "' "and; threatening 
 
 " When danger imminent hetideB.'*—Cotoper, 
 Syn. : impending, threatening, hovering. 
 Ant. : warded, staved, escaped 
 
 mmW denoS'iha" which g^redfS'/;; '»?*''"'?« ; 
 generally excludes the idt o" whaf iTm '„;enr;''T 
 person may be in imminent danger of CnTh^s We f^ 
 instant, and the danger mav hn „„ J t^* ! • "" °''* 
 
 a,iinu^ Areata, m the natural courso nf i^hi^^ • 
 d^ways >mpending, and cannot be TcTped by Sne"" 
 aough Its occurrence in the individual iSSmi mT^^i 
 be iwwiwen^. Answnce may not 
 
 immunity, n., a freedom or exemption from anv nhMcr^iU 
 charge, duty, office, or imppsitio^; pardcdar^priX ' 
 Syn. : exemption, freedom, dispensation. ' 
 
 Ant.: liabilitv Ah];r»i4-;/^» : . i 
 
 "•" s-viv-ix, iiiipuisc, Duraeu. 
 
 S3^. dis. : Immwaiiy is used metaphorically of m*fWa 
 
 which are regarded in the light of furdena or S^flTolX 
 
194 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 iri' 
 
 H 
 
 as immunity from pain, or suffering, or disease, to which 
 all are more or less liable, and which the human race is 
 compelled to pay as a tax. Exemption is a setting free 
 from duty or liability which may press upon others, but 
 from which we may be privileged to escape. Exemption 
 IS a stronger term than immunity. " The former might be 
 emr^'oyed of freedom from the worst evils or calamities ; 
 the latter, from what is grievous rather from what is 
 destructive or deadly. Exemption stands over against law 
 and ordinance ; immunity, against common obligation, and 
 the pressure of common necessity." 
 
 imperfection, w., the quality or state of being imperfect ; a 
 defect ; a fault, moral or physical. 
 
 Syn. : defect, fault, vice, blemish. 
 
 Ajit. : faultlessn^ss. blamelessness, perfection. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "These terms are applied either to persons 
 or things : an imperfection in a person arises from his 
 want of perfection, and the infirmity of his nature : a 
 a feet is a deviation from the general constitution of man ; 
 it is what may be natural to the man as an individual, 
 but not natural to man as a species ; in this manner we 
 may speak of * a defect in the speech,' or * a defect in 
 temper.' The fault and vice rise in degree and character 
 above either of the foi-mer terms ; they both reflect dis- 
 grace more or less on the person possessing or manifesting 
 thena ; but tlie fault usually characterizes the agent, and 
 IS said in relati n to an individual j the vice characterizes 
 the action, and may be considered abstractly : hence we 
 speak of a man's faults— e.g., harshness of temper— as 
 the things we may condemn in him ; but we may speak of 
 certain vices without reference to anyone who practices 
 them." 
 
 implacable, adj. (im-pla'-k&-bl), that cannot be pacified or 
 appeased; stubborn or constant in enmity: hostile vin- 
 dictive. ' 
 
 iidZula ^^^^ ^^ singularly savage and knplacable."— 
 
 m 
 
 Svn, ; ineXOrnblA iinrolonfii 
 
 ^lentless. 
 
 'I 
 
 Ant. : soft-hearted, appeasable, well-disposed. 
 
i! 
 
 vm- 
 
 SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. jgg 
 
 Syn. dis. ; '^Implacable denotes a disposition vahi i 
 
 ^ueur^a a faol'/ kT^' f^"™ l>««h»ess, hardness o, 
 W»^ line of conduct.' 'vnrettS^ bZnl.' rZ^^ 
 
 tn.W.^. m.y be so from mental stubbomesfor inflexiM^ 
 resolution : unrelenting is passive, relentless I2v^^' 
 import, w. that which is brought to bear upon a point • ih 
 mtended sigmfieance or app\oation of r^ToTsut 
 
 Syn. : purport meaning, signification, toner, drift, scope 
 Syn. dis. : "The import is that which a word stX 
 ment, phrase, or document is intended to rrv.; 1 
 
 designed to imply or convey. The vur^orf L .7;**!'^®^"^ 
 of so^ethin, ^ntinuous, o/.^ded'S:„ntL:itrrnd 
 may be applied to continuous action as woU as oZtL?^ 
 jpeech. Impo,t is more allied to meaZ" r„nlZr 
 
 person, o^T^^hrS l^pJcyZtlT^'^^Lt '-! 
 my m.a«„^,' illustrates the Bi^t; ' Takf the words °n 
 
 Tenor, dn/t, and *cq^e relate not to isolated term^ ZTf' 
 continuous speech : the tenor is the iTeral c^^ a 
 
 fnT^. I'^f '''''t ^^ *^^-«"^^^ a^'-croVaTmark' 
 dn/t, the tendency of it, or aim not formallv avowed • 
 
 inadvertency, any mistake OP f«nlt A X _. « . . 
 
 heedlessness, carelessness. '^^'"^ """" "' loresigiit; 
 
 Syn. : inattention, oversight, inobservancy. 
 
 ■!-4 
 
196 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 MM 
 
 lilt 
 
 Ant. : carefulness, thoughtful ness, observancy. 
 
 Syn. dis. : Inadvertency {Lat. in, not, and advertere, to 
 turn towards) is the quality or effect of not minding, or 
 ttking notice; inattention of not taking heed. In the 
 former case there was an involuntary accident; in the lat- 
 ter, a culpable neglect. Inadvertency never designates a 
 habit, but inattention does ; the former term, therefore is 
 unqualified by the reproachful sense which attaches to the 
 latter. Any one may be guilty of an inadvertence, through 
 pre-occupation of the mind, or from other cause which is 
 not in itself culpable. Repeated inadvertencies, however 
 lay one open to the charge of carelesmess and inattention' 
 which we should strive to avoid. Oversight seems to refer 
 more to the mistake itself; namely, to the missing or 
 omitting to do or say something, or to .go somewhere 
 and may or may; not be culpable or involve serious 
 consequences. 
 
 inconsistent, adj., without uniformily of speech or conduct • 
 at variance ; disagreeing ; IncompaiiHle. ' 
 
 Syn. : incongruous, incoherent, inconsonant. 
 
 Ant. : consistent, consonant, in harmony with. 
 
 Syn. dis. : ''Inconsistency attaches either to the actions 
 or sentiments of men; incongruity attaches to the modes 
 and qualities of things ; inconsistency to words or thou«^hts • 
 things are made inconsistent by an act of the will ; a°man 
 acts or thinks inconsistently, according to his own pleasure • 
 incongruity depends on the nature of the thing; " there is 
 something very incongruous in blending the solemn and 
 -^he farcical, buffoonery and tragedy. Incoherent, from 
 ^reo, to stick, marks the incapacity of two things to 
 coalesce or be united to each other : incoherence marks the 
 want of coherence or agreement in that which ought to 
 follow in a tram : we speak of a loose, rambling speech as 
 
 tk.u h '*^' '* "^ ^'*°^"'^ "* *^® ^''''P^'' sequence of 
 
 inconstant, adj., not constant or firm in resolution, opinions 
 feelings, or inclinations ; wavering; capricious. ' 
 
 Syn. : changeable, mutable, variable, fickle, versatile, 
 uniform, steady, reliable, trua, unwavering <^"'*»- 
 
 ful. See changeable 
 
 *o> 
 
*ertere, to 
 ading, or 
 
 Iii the 
 I the lat- 
 gnates a 
 refore, is 
 es to the 
 through 
 which is 
 lowever, 
 Mention, 
 1 to refer 
 ssing or 
 lewhere, 
 
 sei'ious 
 
 induct ; 
 
 actions 
 3 modes 
 oughts : 
 ; a man 
 easure ; 
 there is 
 mn and 
 t, from 
 ings to 
 rks the 
 ight to 
 eech as 
 mce of 
 
 inions, 
 
 itile. 
 ; faith* 
 
 SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 29" 
 
 abit irrefttbl^""' ""l"-«»-bIe. indisputable, undem- 
 dent'bie: '"""'''"'' '•»''-'-. -atrom-Mble, questionable, 
 
 farther, and .tsserts that not onrLv fh^ T. ^^'^ ^'^ 
 controverted in terms hmZ^Z^ TV . ""^^^^^ '^o* be 
 ^n,uest.^J^ r^ri* T^Z^^Z ^'J^ t' Tli 
 m question ; indisputable, that which mrvnn?t ^ ''''"!'* 
 undeniable, that which mav nnf ll T^- i ^ disputed ; 
 
 that of whk the arglrLrv:Vott itST^^^^ 
 not be broken. Incontrovertible is empCed of sit- T 
 views, or opinions, evidence and the like b„fnn^/^''*f' 
 facts; indubitable, of facts and assert^n« «f. sample 
 
 of propositions; W^^^^frig^^^^^^ 
 t^/i^/emaW., of statements; WrS^ of ^T' *^'°' 
 arguments." ^^e indubitebla ^ ' ^"^^"^"^ *"^ . 
 
 which restitution, retX'^atXdl'i^ir^^^^^ ^-- 
 Syn. : obliged, beholden. 
 
 than nnlr«rw™.ir.^~- i. /. ^ lutsan utue morft 
 
 :~ ---i^ugniuiit oi a cause or source • ««» < F«« c u 
 
 'I * 
 If 
 
198 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL BNOLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 II ' i 
 
 indifference, n., a state of mind in which a person takes no 
 interest in a matter which comes before him, or in which 
 he does not incline to one side more than the other. 
 Syn : insensibility, apathy, unconcernedness. 
 Ant : eagerness, interest, ardour. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Irulifference is mostly a temporary state, 
 and is either acquired or accidental ; irtsensibility is either 
 a temporary or a permanent state, and is either produced 
 or natural ; apathy is always a peimanent state and is 
 natural. A person may be in a state of indifference about 
 a thing the value of which he is not aware of, or acquire 
 ail indifference for that which he knows to be of compar- 
 tively little valup : he may be in a state of insensibility 
 from some lethargic torpor which has seized his mind ; or 
 he may have an habitual insensibility arising either from 
 the contractedness'of his powers, or the physical bluntness 
 of his understanding and the deadness of his passions : his 
 apathy is usually bo-n with him and is a characteristic of 
 the constitution of his mind. Indifference is often the 
 consequence of insensibility; for he who is not sensible or 
 alive to any feeling must natnrally be without choice or 
 preference; but in< difference is not always insensibility, 
 since we may be indifferent to one thing, because we may 
 have an equal Hking for another. In like manner insensi- 
 bility may spring from apathy, for he who has no feeling 
 18 naturally not to be awakened to feeling; that is, he is 
 unfeeling or insensible by constitution ; but since his in- 
 sensibility may spring from other causes besides those that 
 are natural, he may be insensible without being apathetic." 
 Indifference may indicate, and often does indicate, a neu- 
 trality of mind in regard to persons or things, and a desire 
 to be impartial in our judgment of them and in our rela- 
 tions towards them. 
 
 indisposition, see sickness ; also, see disease. 
 
 indolent, adj., habitually idle; indisposed to exertion or labour, 
 
 Syn. : supine, listless, careless, slothful. 
 
 Ant. : active, alert, brisk, busy, energetic. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Indolence has a more comprehensive mean- 
 ing than supineness, and signifies more than listlessness or 
 earelessn^4t» : indolence is a general indisposition of a per- 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 199 
 
 son to exert either his mind or his body; mpineness is a 
 
 sions there is a corporeal as well as a mental cause for 
 indolence; but supineness lies principally T the " 
 
 An • i ; ? ^^""^^^ dispositions are apt to be sunine 
 
 intlfarad^r" ^ ^"..^^'^'^^' ^^'^ eoiT,orean:;d 
 mental, at a distance from him ; it is irksome to him • a 
 
 eZ:: CT- '' "*1^ ""'"'^^'^^ ^"^^^-^^ which th'eit 
 Mm " ^'^« ; ?/ "'^^'' °VJ^ embarrass o^ inconvenience 
 Aim. The/.«</e*9 ma', unlike the indolent and supine is 
 generally without desire ; he is subject to states oTmorl 
 torpor and is with difficulty aroused from them Zii 
 aroused usualy relaxes into his lethargic normaT'cond ! 
 
 W or nf 2 ""'',' '' "^^^"^ *" ^^^^^ «f *he understand- 
 wo^ddd b' ^°^^"*'*' ^^^ the will ; since the carafe., 
 would care he concerned for or interested about things 
 If he could be brought to reflect on their imporW or^f 
 he did not for a time forget himself." ' 
 
 Indubitable, n. and adj., a matter or thing which cannot h^ 
 doubted ; certain ; not doubtful. " ^ ^^ 
 
 "That the Americans are able to bear taxation is indubitable." 
 
 ^JZ^ : unquestionable, indisputable, undeniable, incon- 
 trovertable, incontestable, irrefragable. 
 
 Ant. : doubtful, dubious, uncertain. 
 
 Syn dis. : Indubitable and its synonyms are all on- 
 posed to uncertainty ; but they do not imply absdute ce^ 
 tainty, for they express the strong persuasion of a per: 
 sons rnrnd rather than the absolute nature of the thiSt. 
 when a fact is supported by such evidence as admits of fo 
 kind of doubt, It IS termed indubitable ; when X tru"h 
 of an assertion rests on the authority'of a man who « 
 character for integrity stands unimpeached, it fs termed 
 unr^esttonab'e authority; when a thing i^ bdieved to 
 exist on he evidence of every ma^'s senses, it is tennel 
 tcndemable; when a sentiment ha^ always been held as 
 
 abie, when arguments have npvpv h^,, p^„*-»^_-... , S 
 been saUsfactorily answered, they are said to be L"/JaJ. 
 
 
 'imi 
 

 i 
 
 200 THE HIOB SCHOOL BNOUSB WOBD-BOOK. 
 
 Syn. : scandalous, disgraceful, opprobrious. 
 
 Ant. : fair, honourable, creditable, reputable. 
 
 Sjn. dis. : "Infamous, like infamv is annlifiH fy. k *i, 
 persons and things; sca^alous WiothS^^. ^.atc 
 ter IS infamcms, or a tmnsaction is .V«mo^.. ? but a Cs' 
 action only is scandalous. Both terms are »3 J^ul 
 
 of all who hear it, and to degrade the offendei-s in f h! 
 general estimation; but the ^ifamous see/ns t be t^-^ 
 htt ^1.^"'"' ^'T^' publicity and more gen^rj ren.e^ 
 
 ability or power to produce some effect. '"^e^a-iiicj , 
 
 Syn. : authority, ascendancy, sway, control. 
 Syn. dis. : " These terms imply nower nnH«r ^;ff 
 circumstances: ^./^,^, i^ altog^ethTuncont^^^^^^^ 
 any right to direct, and the influence may ^bad or JnH 
 a..Wy includes the idea of right neceCil';f suSot 
 vli f'^'^'^^"''*' or position, personal attachmen Cd ^ 
 variety of circumstances giye influence; it commonly acts 
 by persuasion and employs engaging manners, so Lt 
 determine in fayour of what is proposed : superior wisdom 
 age office, and relation giye Juihorit^ ; it ^de ermines ^f 
 iteelf ; It requires no collateral aid : Zcendancv and L J 
 are modes of tnjluence, differing only in de-ree • th«v wl^ 
 imp y an excessiye and impn,p^er de^e oT^^^^ ^^ 
 the mind independent of reason; the former is, Wer 
 more gradual in its process, and consequently moTZ' 
 firmed m ite nature; the latter may be only trCiS^" 
 but may be more violent Inilu&nL «.r.H ^»i!T^ ^' 
 said likewise of things as well rT^eri^^f^^^^^^ ^^« 
 will haye an injl^nce not only on tfc J^i^ard ^^ntrof 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. £01 
 
 mr^S; ^tnilvV^" '°^"'^, "^""''""^ °^ ^'' heart ; and that 
 infringe, v., (Z. m/ri«^o, to break into), to violate break or 
 
 ^ec^^tivelv ^r ' ''^^^' positively by contravention or 
 negatively, by omission or neglect of duty. 
 
 Syn. : violate, transgress, trespass, encroach. 
 
 Ant. : observe, maintain, respect, fulfil. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "Civil and moral laws ars infi-Lmrf h^ ih^ 
 
 business of the government to see that the rights rmH 
 
 &^i^:^''^'r P^^'*^^"^^^ bodies arf'n^tt- 
 thaTthe^ )Zt *T If '''^ "'''"P^"*' ^^« "«t violated ; and 
 that the imits of right, reason and equity, so far a^ it i ^ 
 responsible for their maintenance, are Iktr^Llll 
 Politeness which teaches us what is due to eXmal 
 TJnl ^f '°"''''"'' "°°«^^^^« ^^-^ unasked-for^inTr 
 
 mew< . equity which enjoins on nations as individuals an 
 a tentive consideration to the interests of the whole for^ 
 bids the infractwn of a treaty in any case." 
 
 ingenuous, adj frank, open, candid, free from dissimulation 
 reserve, or disguise ; sincere. sJe candid. ^'^'°'"^^*^^'^' 
 The confusion of ingentum^ with %dniow*, which it is 
 supposed had a common root, and were once amSindif 
 ferent y to the intellectual and moral qualitfefmake fi 
 important to point out the distinction between thTse two 
 
 Zfo. /^^T.^. C^«^- i^enuv.. free-born, ^ dlt^ 
 g^ished from ^tj^r^i, who were afterwards m^drfreet^s 
 employed by a figure of speech, suggested by the derivative 
 ' ^A' ' Z ""^^^^ *^™' ^ d«^ote nobleness of cWcter 
 
 o«*a, c ever, from mgenivm = genius, cleverness) denotes 
 natural capacity, talent, skilfulness i'n invent'^ .A'' 
 
 r^om of'fhf rf *'^*i'^ '^^"^^ term ''i^spe^tsThe 
 treedom of the station and consequent nobleness of the 
 
■ 
 
 i 
 
 202 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 1^1 
 
 character which is inborn ; the latter respects the genius 
 or mental powers wliieh, too, are inborn. Truth is coupled 
 with freedom or nobility of birth : the ingenuous, there 
 fore, bespeaks the inborn freedom, by asserting the noblest 
 nght and following the noblest impulse, of human nature 
 t ..me* V hat of speaking the truth. We love the ingenu.-)U8 
 thjrar «r on account of the qualities of his heart; we 
 M^ii the ingenious man on account of the endowments 
 of his » Jnd. One is ingenumia as a man ; or ingenious as 
 an autlKjr: a man confts^es m action im/enuouslv ; he 
 defends it lugeniouslg." A) (;hdeacon Smith remarks, that 
 '• ingenuous implies a permanent moral quality. A man 
 may be not reinarkable for frankness, yet at heart 
 ikoroughly ingenuous, that is, a lover of integrity and a 
 hat* - of dissimulation. Men of retiring manner are often 
 truly ingenuous, for ingenuousness is, after all, more allied 
 to modesty than to frankness." The latter authority 
 endorses Crabb's view that the word is associated with the 
 characteristics of high rank and noble station, for he says 
 " that the term ingenuous expresses a quality of honour 
 and candour which befits and was at one time, like many 
 other virtues, assumed to belong peculiarly to high birth." 
 
 inherent, aJj. naturally conjoined or attached ; stickin^r fast 
 to ; not to be removed ; inseparable. ° 
 
 " These vices which are inli4!rent in the nature of aU coalitions." 
 . — Macaulay. 
 
 Syn. : mbred, inborn, ingrained, congenital. 
 
 Ant. : foreign, separable, temporary, extraneous. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Inherent deuo{.es a permanent quality or 
 property, as opposed to that which is adventitious and 
 transitory. Inbred denotes that property which is derived 
 principally from habit or by a gradual i>rocess, as opposed 
 to the one acquired by actual efforts. Inborn denotes that 
 which IS purely natural, in opposition to the artificial 
 Inborn and innate are precisely the same in meaning yet 
 they differ somewhat in application. Poetry and' the 
 .^mve style have adopted inborn ; philosophy has adopted 
 innate" ^ 
 
 iiyustice, w., the quality of bemg uniust : that irhl.-h is 
 unfair; a wrong or a violation of the right of ai^ocbur 
 
 fi. 
 
 reji 
 
 mi 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 203 
 
 we 
 
 he 
 
 IS 
 
 Syn. : injury, wrong, unfairness, unlawfulness. 
 
 Ant. : justice, equity, right, impartiality, fair-dealing. 
 
 S n dis. : '• Injustice, injury and wrong, signifying the 
 thing tliat 18 unfair or wrong, are all oj)po8ed to the right • 
 but the vnjusticp lies in the prinrlpie, the injury m the 
 action that inju, There may. 'l.xefore, be injustice 
 
 wliere there is no specifir^ injury ; and, on the other hand 
 there may be injvn/ where there is no injustice. A WT(yng 
 partakes both of injn.stice nnd injury : it is in fact an in- 
 jury done by one pe.son to another, in express violation of 
 justice. The man who tiaduces another and mtu-« for ever 
 his fair fume does him 'he greatest of al wrfm<t8. One 
 repents oi injustice, repairs ii juries, and redresses a;ron^s." 
 
 insinuate, v., to wind or push oneself into favour ; to ingra- 
 tiate oneself ; to hint at or introduce imperceptibly and 
 artfully. - r r j 
 
 Syn. : ingratiate, instil, insert, worm. 
 
 Ant. : withdraw, retract, extract, idien-ite. 
 
 Syn. dis. : '« Insinuate and ingratiate are employed to 
 expiess an endeavour to gain favour; but they differ in 
 the circumstances of the action. A person u ho intdnuates 
 adopts every art to steal into the good-wiL of another • 
 but he who ingratiates adopts unartificial m-^ans to con' 
 ciliate good- will. A person of insinuating m.ainere wins 
 upon ar. )thcr imperceptibly, even so as to' convert dislike 
 into attachment ; a person with ingratiating nii, nners pro- 
 cures good-will V,y a permanent intercourse. Insinuate and 
 ingratiate differ in the motive, as well as the mo- ie, of the 
 action ; the motive is in both cases self interest ; but the 
 former is unlawful, and the latter allowable. Insinuate 
 may be used in the improper sense for unconscious igents • 
 ingratiate is always the act of a conscious agent. Water 
 will insinuate itself into every body that is to the .- nallest 
 degree porous : there are few persons of so much pathy 
 that it may not be possible, one way or another, to ngra- 
 tiate oneself into their favour." 
 
 insipid, adj., wanting in spirit, life, or animation ; tast less, 
 wiiiiout savour. 
 
 §yn. : dull, flat, vapid, uninteresting. 
 
IJ'I 
 
 204 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Ant. : engaging, racy, bright, relishing, tasty. 
 
 him equally insi^ Zi"aevoT7t^^ IS?"^ '^1!^^^ 
 characterise of h'is nature'^^lt ts^ tTrT^' 
 out sentiment or imagination ; a dull writer f^iL in v^l" 
 city and vigour of style ; a Jlat performance is wanL.^^n 
 heartiness and " go » which woild otheiW Jve . .if« 
 and make it bright and enjoyable. ^ ^'^^ 
 
 Syn. : establish, found, erect, invest, induct. 
 Ant : disestablish, subvert, degrade, deprive 
 Syn dis. ; "To institute is to form accordina <•« „ 
 tarn plan; to establish is to fix TnTcer Jn ? l '''' 
 after a certain fashion what has been formed til'' 'J 
 IS to lay the foundation of anvthm,, t ' '^'^"^'^ 
 
 and particular orders a^ IS:^^: ,^2 ToXr t^l 
 various societies are established. To fouZisT^^!' * 
 instituting, which borrows its figurative mlSnVfVn 'I. '^ 
 nature of buildings, and is applicrble rtW^^?."V*^" 
 formed after the maimer of a biS ^ntbl l!'^ ^ 
 founded when its pecuniary resoS ar^f^rtdtt « 
 fund or foundation. To erect is a soeciL nfT ^? 
 nothing can he /oun4ed ^hich i^ ZeZtJd^Zt' U 
 some things may be erected without Sg^xoret 
 founded: a monument is erected but not Z^^T thi 
 same may be said of a tribunal." /^wwofgc^ , the 
 
 intellect, n., the understanding ; the facultv of the mind which 
 receives or comprehends the ideas communicated L^.^ 
 Syn : genius, talent ; understanding, intelligenca 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 205 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Intellect is the generic term; there cannot 
 he gemus or talent svithout intellect; but there may he 
 mlellectj,thont genim or talent: a man of ilueZI^^ 
 tm,uishes himself from the common herd c^ Zk ndty" 
 the astuteness of us observation, the accuracy of his jud.^ 
 
 Ttlrkntl T'""^1'J "^ ^'' conception, and other peiu"kr 
 att ibutes of mental power. Genius is a particular bent 
 
 M vXaf 1' 7'r' ^^*---'«^- - -an frL evet; o he 
 
 TZiljJft V' •* f?^"*^'"^"^ S^^* ^'^ manifestation 
 of the *n^./i.c. which is of practical utility to the posses- 
 
 Haence has bp«n^f 1 r""^' '"^'^i''^ ^^ *"^^^^^^^ and tnfo/- 
 iv not line. o?^. years widened, and intelligence, to 
 
 say nothing of its meaning of the subject-matter of infer 
 mation (aa the intelligence contained 'Li the newspa^^^^^^ 
 now means a good quality of the understanJZTZli 
 ness to comprehend things of ordinary occurrerfce which 
 maybe quickened by practice and experienceTwhiTe i^ 
 Ulkct IS conhned to the mental powers and the r caoacit^ 
 m the abstract. Understanding is the Saxon exSon 
 
 I^ems to flow Z"'^'^? r '"^'"'^^^ ^^ cha'aSdc 
 seems to flow from this fact. It is a native word and so 
 
 applied in a more colloquial way, and to the thin^ of 
 
 life in their more familiar and practical aspects H^nce 
 
 tiat;t;otf'» K~ '' ^^^^^^^*^^ '''^' p-«- 
 
 intercede, v to go, come, or act between as a peacemaker 
 with a view to reconcile parties at variance ; rplld in 
 favour of another ; to make intercession, (itl folTote 
 by /or before the person on whose behalf nte^cesdon i 
 m^e, and by M before the person to whom itS maSe 
 
 vo2;:; IZd"'"^' ""^"'^' ^^^^^^•^''«' interme,,le, ad- 
 Ant : abandon, incriminate, charge, accuse, inculpate. 
 Byn. dis. : *«To mediate and intercede are both concilia 
 tory acts; we intercede with a superior on beLrof an 
 equal or inferior; we interpose between equals. In 1^. 
 position we exercise our own now^r .1 o.V.i.iu*'!^ 
 miercessim we endeavour to enlist "on" our" behllf'the 
 power or auUiority of another": one intercedesTirZ- 
 
 ■mm 
 
 l:-W 
 
206 
 
 t 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 m 
 
 poses for the removal of evil ~e a for th^ r»«iiv • 
 pacification of one who is ILiW f^ mollifying oi 
 
 the attainment , of lood-ff^f'TlfJ '^^^ ^,'^'«^- f«' 
 estranged frienHs T^- / ?" ^""l }^^ reconciliation of 
 
 ioi^'d'alinr"""*""' ""'^"'""' ^^""^•'^^' — ""- 
 Ant : reticence, suspension, cessation, disconnecticn. 
 Syn. dis : '* Intercowse and commence subsist mainlv Ko 
 
 a permanent intercourse: a cr);,mwwzca^io»» is keot un 
 
 +i,„ . y^^wumon, which lies ess in externnl^ 
 
 than communication, is amono- mnnxr k«- ^xceinaJs 
 
 Chan of ,^,,3 ^^ ',_--. a"Sd orifnit;t s^^i' 
 ment feeling, or conviction. Communication is^from one 
 (pace or person) to another; communion is recZ^l ' 
 i>«a^^n^ls entirely confined to external transactions beW 
 inapplicable to matters of the mind and feelings." ^ 
 
 ^^V^^^^f^n"^" "' ^' -*— -^S state of being or com- 
 Syn. : interposition, intrusion, intercession. 
 
SYNONYMS DISCKIMINATED. 
 
 207 
 
 Syn. dis : « Intervention, which is used of space, order, 
 and time, is said of inanimate objects ; interposition is aaid 
 only of rational agents. The light of the moon ia ob- 
 structed by the intervention of the clouds ; the life of an 
 individual is preserved by the interposition of another • 
 human life is so full of contingencies that when we have 
 formed our projects we can never say what may intervene 
 to prevent their execution : when a man is enga<red in an 
 unequal combat, he has no chance of escaping but by the 
 Umely interposition of one who is able to rescue him '• 
 In the acts of men intervention is commonly less authori- 
 tative or forcible than interposition. ' He owed his life 
 to the intervention of another,' would imply entreaty or 
 Jielp; interposition would involve rescue." 
 
 introductory, adj., serving to introduce somethini? else • 
 serving as or given by way of introduction. 
 
 Syn. : preliminary, preparatory, precui-sory, initiatory. 
 Ant. : complete, final, conclusive, terminal, valedictory. 
 ^ Syn. dis. : " In the case of the introductory the proceed- 
 ing commonly has reference to thought and understand- 
 mg, while preliminary relates to matter or action We 
 say an introductory treatise ; a preliminary step. The one 
 precedes wider exhibition or fuller knowledge, the latter 
 more extended ax?tion. Preparatory i elates to the purpose 
 rather than the object, to the doer rather than the deed 
 In the preparatory, I do what will enable me to do somel 
 thing beyond. Preliminaries commonly belong to^tnattei-s 
 of social arrangement or compact, whether amicable or 
 otherwise, as the preliminaries of a contract, a marriaore 
 a peace, or a duel." '^ ' 
 
 intrude, v., to force or thrust one's self in ; to enter into 
 without right or welcome. 
 
 Syn. : obtrude, encroach, trespass. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "To intrude is to thrust one's self into a 
 place ; to obtrude is to thrust one's self in the wav It is 
 mtrusion to go into any society unasked and undesired • 
 
 " ' ".'"i/ ^^ j"i" »xi^ uumpany ana take a part in the 
 
 conversation without invitation or consent. We violate 
 the rights of another when we intrude ; we set up ourselves 
 
 
208 THE HIGH SCHOOL BNQLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 by 06 Wm^r ; one intrudes with one's person in the place 
 
 t^des out of curiosity or any other gmtification • he 
 obtrudes out of vanity. In the moral accepUtir hey 
 preserve the same distinction. In moments of devotio^ 
 
 tlur^"- ™"^ «^d.«--««^« to prevent the tolw 
 woildly or improper ideas izi his mind : the stingsTcon 
 science oS^mc^, themselves upon the guilty even in thX 
 greatest merriment." «'j' oven m ineir 
 
 '''^Trh!!^®'.''''' ^ '^''''^' ^' expression intended to cast opprc 
 brium, censure, or reproach upon another. ^^ 
 
 Syn. : abuse, obloquy, vitupei-ation, denunciation. 
 
 Ant. : commendation, eulogy, panegyric, laudation. 
 
 byn. dis.: '^ Abusp as compared with invective is more 
 personal and coarse being conveyed in harsh and un^ermlv 
 terms and dictated by angry feeling and bitter temTer 
 Invective is more commonly aimed at character or c3ct 
 
 aTI}\ ^^"^y^y^^ in writing or in refined lanauaae 
 
 worttrit l^^^t^*-- against whatisiniteelf alt 
 n ^\ It often, however, means public abuse under 
 such restraints as are imposed by position and educa W' 
 
 invidious, adj., likely to incur or provoke ill-will, envy or 
 hatred. See envious. ' ^' 
 
 Syn. : oavious, unfair, partial, inconsiderate. 
 
 Ant. : fair, impartial, considerate, due, just. 
 
 Syn. dis. ' "Invidioua in its common acceptation si<mi- 
 fies causing ill-will ; envious signifies having ill-wilL The 
 former is now used of such proceedings ^ shall tend t^ 
 raise a gi-udge between the persons who are in any w^y the 
 subjects of the comparison. A task is int^^rf^^,, ^hltCts 
 one m the way of g ving offence ; a look is envioustitt 
 full of envy. Invidious qualifies the thing ; enviouB qua£ 
 fies the temper of the mind. It istWc^iaS.'forone aSr 
 to be judged against another who has written on the same 
 subject : a man is envious when the prospect of another's 
 happiness gives him pain." * »uutaers 
 
 ir-ratlonai, ad^, void of reason or understanding; contmrv 
 to reason ; fonciful. * ' wuwwy 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 209 
 
 Syn. : foolish, absurd, preposterous. 
 
 Ant. : sane, sound, sensible, reasonable, judicious. 
 
 Syn dis. : '' Irrational is not so strong a term as fool- 
 ish: It IS applicable more frequently to the thing San to 
 the practice : joolish, on the contrary, is comm^onlv ap^ 
 phcable to the person as well as the thiAg ; to the pmct^'L 
 mther than the principle. Scepticism in the most "r^aW 
 thing that exists for the human mind is formed to beHe^ 
 not to doubt. Foolish, absurd, and preposterous ri e ?n 
 degree; a violation of common sense is implied by them 
 all, but they vary according to the degree of ioW 
 which 18 done to the understanding : footish is apZd to 
 anything, however trivial, which In the smalleTdegrel 
 offends our undei^tanding or is opposed to our judgS 
 
 which he m like circumstances would object to do himself • 
 '^2^l^P:trousior a man to expose himself to the rldi! 
 
 s ^s;:i;i '^ ^-^^-^ ^^^^ ^^-^ -^^ -^^ -^ ^-^ 
 
 /'"'l^e'^mp^^^^^^ °^ °«^*---^ -^igion; p^ 
 
 Syn. dis, : " As epithets to designate the character of 
 tiie pei-son these synonyms seem to rise in degree • irre 
 hgwn IS negative ; p^-ofane and impious are positive • the 
 latter being much stronger than the former, lu 'men 
 who are not positively actuated by principles of religion 
 ^vet^rehyious: profanity .xnA impiety are however of a 
 still more hemous nature; they consist not in the mere 
 absence of regard for religion, but in a positive contempt 
 for it and open outrage against its laws." ^ 
 
 J. 
 
 jealousy, n., uneasiness from fear of being, or on account of 
 being, supplanted by a rival ; apprehension of anotWs 
 superiority to ourselves ; earnest solicitude, envy. 
 
 Syn. dk. : " We &ve jealous of what is our own : we are 
 mmous of what is another's : jealousy fears to lose what 
 It Has ; envy is pained at seeing another have. Jealousy 
 IS a noble or an ignoble passion, according to the obiect 
 which excites It ; in the former case it is emulation sh^-p 
 
 
210 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 ened by fear ; in the latter case it is greediness stimulated 
 by fear; envy is always a base passion, having the woist 
 passions in its train. Jealous is applicable to bodies of 
 men as well as to individuals ; envims to individuals only. 
 Nations are jealous of any interference on the part of any 
 other Power, in their commerce, government, or territory ; 
 individuals are envious of the rank, wealth, and honours 
 of each other." 
 
 jeer, v., to utter severe sarcastic reflections ; to make a mock 
 of some person or thing. «., derision. 
 
 Syn. : scoff, gibe, sneer; a taunt, a flout. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Jeer is personal, consisting of mocking 
 words addressed to an individual, which is also the case 
 with gibe ; but jeer conveys more ridicule and contempt, 
 gibe of bitter scorn and ill-will. Scofia to manifest con- 
 tempt in any way, ab by looks, gestures, or words. It 
 relates not so much to the peraon as to the force of what 
 he says or does. Sneer is connected with the giimace of 
 expression rather than with words. If employed, as it 
 may be, of spoken contempt, sneering is covert akd in- 
 direct, while scofis open, insolent, and defiant." 
 
 judgment, «., the act of deciding or passing decision on 
 something ; the act or faculty of judging truly, wisely, oi 
 skilfully ; good sense, discernment, understanding. 
 Syn. : discretion, prudence, sagacity, peneti-ation. 
 Syn. dis. : " Judgment is used in the senses of the pro- 
 cess of judging, the faculty of judging, the faculty of judg- 
 ing rightly, and the result of judging. Judgment with 
 the kindred terms, discretion and prudence, are all em- 
 ployed to express the various modes of practical wisdom 
 which serve to regulate the conduct of men in ordinary 
 life. Judgment determines in the choice of what is good • 
 discretion sometimes only guards against error or direct 
 mistakes ; it chooses what is nearest to the truth : judg- 
 ment requires knowledge and actual experience ; discretion 
 requires reflection and consideration. Discretion looks to 
 the present ; prudence, which is the same as providence 
 or foresight, calculates on the future. Those who have 
 the conduct or direetiou of others require discretion ; those 
 who have the management of their own concerns require 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 211 
 
 prudence : for want of discretion the ma.ster of a school or 
 the general of an army, may lose his authority ; for want 
 of prudence the merchant may involve himself in ruin or 
 tHe man of fortune may be brought to beggary." ' 
 
 justice, n. conduct in accordance with law, human or divine • 
 the givmg to every one his due. ' 
 
 Syn : equity, right, rectitude, fairness. 
 Ant : injustice, wrong, unlawfulness. 
 Syn. dis.: ''Justice, is founded on the laws of societv • 
 eqmtif m founded on the laws of nature : justice is"^ a 
 wntten or prescribed law, to which one is bound to con- 
 form and make it the rule of one's decisions ; emdty is a 
 law in our hearts ; it conforms to no rule but to circum- 
 stances, and decides by the consciousness of right and 
 wrong. Justice forbids us doin- wrong to anyone- and 
 requires us to repair the wrongs we have done to others • 
 equity forbids us doing to others what we would not have 
 them do to us ; it requires us to do to others what in 
 simiJar circumstances we would expect from them." « jus- 
 tice la inflexible, it follows one invariable rule, which can 
 seldom be deviated from consistently with the public good • 
 ^m<y, on the other hand, varies with the circumstances 
 ot the case, and is guided by discretion -.justice may, there- 
 fore sometimes run counter to equity, when the intorests 
 of the individual must be sacrificed to those of the com- 
 munity ; and equity sometimes tempers the rigour of 
 justu^e by admitting of reasonable deviations from the 
 literal interpretations and the sometimes harsh demands 
 of Its laws. [The teacher might illustrate this by giving 
 homely examples.] Crabb has one in point; he says • 
 supposing I have received an injury, justice demands 
 reparation ; it listens to no palliation, excuse, or exception • 
 but supposing the reparation which I have the right to 
 demand involves the ruin of him who is perhaps more 
 
 demand r*^ ^"^^^^ "^ ^ ^ '^""'^^ insist on the 
 
 K. 
 
 keen, adj., having a fine edge ; penetrating ; acute of mind, 
 sharp-witted ; full of relish or zest. 
 
i f 
 
 212 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Syn. : acute, eager, sharp, piercing, penetrating. 
 
 Ant. : blunt, dull, indifferent, languid. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " In their primary and physical applications 
 keen denotes an exceeding degree of sharpness, which is the 
 generic term, and applies both to points and edges ; while 
 acute belongs only to points. In their secondary and 
 moral meanings, the keen person is one of great penetra- 
 tion ; the acute, of understanding in speculative matters ,• 
 ^e sharp, of quickness in matters of everyday practice' 
 business, and conversation. Acute and sharp are more 
 generally epithets of bodily, and keen of mental pain. 
 Acute IS in this sense technically opposed to chr(mic. In 
 this application sharp is an epithet of pain generally, 
 acute of some specific disease also; as sharp pain, acute 
 rheumatism, a keen sense of injury or disappointment, 
 keen -nnoyance ; also Aeen i-elish or enjoyment, a keen sense 
 of the ridiculous." 
 
 kind, n., race, genus, generic class; sort, species. 
 
 '•Again the kingdom of heaven is like unto a net, that was 
 cast into the sea, and gathered of every *i«d.— Matt, xiii., 47. 
 
 Syn. dis. : « Kind and species are both employed in 
 their proper sense ; «or< has been diverted from its original 
 meaning by colloquial use : kind is properly employed for 
 animate objects, particularly for mankind, and improperly 
 for moral objects : species is a term used by philosophers 
 classmg things according to their external or internai 
 properties. Sort may be used for either kind or species; 
 It does not necessarily imply any affinity, or common 
 property in the objects, but simply assemblage, produced 
 as it were by sors, chance. 
 
 kindred, w., relationship by blood or marriage: those of 
 one kin. 
 
 Syn. : relationship, affinity, consanguinity. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " The kindred is the more general state here 
 - expressed : it may embrace all mankind, or refer to par- 
 ticular families or communities ; it depends upon possess- 
 ing the common property of humanity : the philanthropist 
 claims kindred with all who are unfortnnfli^ wVio^ ,>. ;„ 
 m Ins power to relieve them. Eelationship is a state less 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 213 
 
 general than Uruired, but more extended than either 
 
 knowledge n(n5l'-6j), that which is or may be known • 
 
 Syn. : science, learning, erudition, cognizance 
 Ant. : Ignorance, illitemteness, misapprehension. 
 
 pe^nal instruction; ^v-^^^i ^hZtiX^Sfof 
 tamed by profound research • it rektos f^ ,'r"'^f ^^S'* ob- 
 learning rather than to science an I to it .v^ "^ ^^ 
 tainment, involving a krK>wlpl«^l u- .^*^"^'^^ 
 unfamiliar." ^JleratuT ^^' '^ '"^J^^^ ^^"^"^^'^^^ 
 
 P 
 
 lack, n, the state of being without or in need <.f o«„.i,- 
 v., to be destitute of; to be deficientTn ^^^^"'«- 
 
 Syn. want, need, necessity, scarcity, deficiency 
 Ant. : supply, fulness, abundance, competence. 
 Syn. dis. : ''Lack refers more directlv fo +h« f -i- 
 madequate source or supp.y ; .ant AlnlLt tefur 
 ply or possesHinn norr^v\r^c^A .''\ ., *»"C4"'i''e sup- 
 
 de-maud." N^^Ls^^ t\Cl.^'S:7Z T 
 mand. and indirectly to the absence T^^JyV^^tl 
 
214 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 commonly absence of mere possession ; need, absence of 
 means of action. As they express states, necesdty is 
 stronger than ne«fl, for whereas need is negative, necessiiy 
 has a positive and compelling force. A man is in need of 
 food. Under some circumstances there is a need for 
 action : need is pressing ; necessity unyielding : need is the 
 strongest degree of requirement, necessity of demand. The 
 words lack, wcmt, and need rise in force. The superfluities 
 of life— wealth, estates, great power or influence— I lack ■ 
 the conveniencies which I am without, I want; the neces- 
 sanes which I am without, I need. Lack is the absence 
 of eascess ; wa/nt, of comfort ; need of sufficiency." 
 
 langfuage, n., the expression of ideas by means of words ; 
 human speech ; style or manner of expression ; the speech 
 peculiar to a nation. 
 
 Syn. : dialect, idiom, tongue, speech, phraseology. 
 
 Ant. : jargon, jabber, gibberish, muteness. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Language is the most general term in its 
 meaning and application: tongue, speech, vHom, and 
 dtalect, are applicable only to human beings. Langua-^o 
 IS either written or spoken ; but a tongue is conceived V.^ 
 mostly as something to be spoken; and speech is, in the 
 strict sense, that only which is spoken or uttered. Speech 
 is an abstract term, implying either the power of uttering 
 articulate sounds, as when we speak of the gift of speech; 
 or the words themselves which are spoken, as when we 
 speak of the parts of speech ; or the particular mode of 
 expressing one's self. Idiom and dialect art not properly 
 a language : idiom is the peculiar construction and turn 
 of a language, which distinguishes it altogether from 
 others. A diaUct is that which is engrafted on a lan- 
 guage by the inhabitants of particular parts of a countrv. 
 Languages simply serve to convey our thoughts : tongues 
 consist of words, written or spoken : speech consists of 
 words spoken." 
 
 latent, adj., lying hid or concealed; not manifested nor 
 apparent. 
 
 Syn. : secret, hidden, occult, undeveloned. 
 
 J- - -- 
 
 Ant. : visible, active, apparent, exposed, manifest. 
 
SYNONYMS DISOBmiNATBIi, 
 
 S16 
 
 whlrifof \h/""T' '' ■?"" "ommonljr employed of th«t 
 Which 13 of the nature of an undeveloped or spporess. i 
 force: what is ,ecret is so far remove! ,-„m ^?^,„ 
 observation as to be unperceived : what is iirfd,™ il Z 
 Zn"t f-fi*? ."^ i""- We, which may be i.,^ natL" Tr 
 
 ™XerXnThe r^wn'^i.^C of """"'^'".^ 
 influences, the existe7ce"^TtM:htVow'nrth":fr 
 
 laudable, ao/., deserving of praiee or commendation. 
 
 Syn. : praiseworthy, commendable, meritorious. 
 
 Ant. : blameable, censurable, reprehensible. 
 
 Syn dis. : Laudable and commendable seem better an- 
 phcable to the actions or qualities of individual^ an^d 
 pra^seu^orthy to the individuals themselves; ^ata^t 
 «jar% character; lar^able ambition; comrLndabr^t 
 r^L /«^J^a6fe IS stronger than commendable; the 
 former denoting that praise is due, the latter that it i^ 
 appropnate and right It is a laudable ambition to excel 
 m that which IS good; it is very praiseworthy in a chUd 
 to assist Its parent as occasion may require f silence ib 
 commendable in a young person when reproved." 
 
 lawful, adj., agreeable or conformable to law; unobiection- 
 able from a legal point of view ; just, righteous. ^ 
 
 Syn. : legal, legitimate, permissible, allowable. 
 
 Ant. : wrong, unlawful, illegal, illegitimate. 
 
 Syn. dis : *'La,w/ul denotes conformable to law, in anv 
 sense in which the term W may be employed, ^^ether 
 ike aw of the land, moral law, propriety, oi specmc 
 iTlf r 1 ^f ^ ? conformable o? apperteining Ttte 
 law of the land. Zeffitimate has the wider sense of con! 
 
 nZv 1^ T' '"^'' P"Tr^^' >«*^^«' ^^^'^' or ^o- 
 pnety. These terms regard the lawful or legal in reference 
 
 to mutual trade, intercom^e, connection!, or "^ 
 between man and man." . 
 
 lay, x?., to cause to lie down ; to put or spread in order • to set 
 or place generally ; to dispose regularly or according to rule. 
 
 IS 
 
216 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 ( 
 
 I 
 
 : m 
 
 in t 
 
 Syn. : put, place, set, dispose, deposit, spread, arrange. 
 
 rJ^"\ •• "^{ ^^^^ *^''"^«' *^« ^^'"Ple^fc and most 
 comprehensive, and, therefore, the least distinctive, isT/ 
 wh eh denotes no more than to bring in anv wiv to ' 
 
 rrxir ^t' r ' '- r ^ ^^^^^^^^'^ " ^-'^ ^-^ 
 
 on tue shelf. To place is- to ;>m,5 in a particular part or 
 
 shelf as being the appointed arrangement for it. To Zl 
 can be used only of those things which may be made in 
 some degree to /i«; while .e^.1>nly of those whSh may 
 be made to stand : we lay a plate on the table a^d Ta 
 candlestick on the bracket." "By a vulgar e^or the 
 
 Jome^'^C'T: t - ^'"^• '^ --^«-<^ers tTdTseit 
 some notice. To lie is intransitive, and designates a staf^- 
 to % 18 transitive, and denotes an 'action on aTobject ftt 
 properly to cause to lis: a thing lies on the table iom^ 
 one %, It on the ^ble; he lies ^ith his father^'; tW 
 W him with his fathers. In the same manner, when 
 
 bnng it into use; we lay it by for some future purpose • 
 we /*. down in order to repose ourselves ; we Z monev 
 
 tion ; we lay a burden upon our friends." 
 leave, n., liberty or permission granted; allowance. 
 " He hath wrung from me my slow leave."-HamLt. 
 Syn. : liberty, licence, permission, concession 
 Ant. : restriction, prohibition, prevention, refusal 
 Syn. dis. : « Leave is the simplest term ; it implies the 
 pacing of a person in a position to act or nT as he 
 pleases; a discretionary j.,mmion; liberty th^t aH oT! 
 structions or hindrances are removed to sSfic action t 
 hberty of speech merty of access. LiceZtuheHviZ 
 particular case, formally or even legally granted Wsped^^ 
 perrmssicm; as a liceme to print, sdl, etl Permisl^t 
 the mere absence on the part of another of anyS prl 
 
 hlf .7'j. . ^"^^ '^""^ permission are said to be asked for 
 but not hberty : we beg leave to offer our opinions we 
 

 we 
 oall 
 
 SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 217 
 
 letters, n. pi., learni.ig, literature, erudition, knowlod^o 
 
 Syn dis. ij^letters and literature signify knowle^'d-e d«. 
 nved through the medium of written le?teZrh^^"t\^^^^^ 
 information; Wmn^ is confined to that whicTis ^omt^' 
 nicated, that is, scholastic kno wlud-e Snoh «n 1 ^ 
 as « men of W.,' or < the repubHcff it' crSd: 
 all who devote then.c..es to the cultivation ^oftleir 
 ramds ; /*^erary societies have for their object the dksion 
 ^llTTl^ ^\f?r«iation ; learned societies propose to len. 
 selves the higher object of extending the bounds of 
 s^e. :e, and of enlarging the sum of h^man knowledge " 
 'Z..ter.-equivalent to the French 'belles /.«m ' pofte 
 eammg--is to literature as the abstract to the conc^-ete 
 
 sr/rth7£ffr/" ^p-i^v^i^^t-nship, as z^ 
 
 ^rJX^nt^rT:^^^^ ' P^"-^-^- --*ry.» iSee know- 
 
 ""^^^tXtio^: l^lLtr "^'* ^' ^^^'^"^^^' '°^^^^-«' 
 Syn. : levity, fligh+iness, giddiness, volatility. 
 Ant. : sobriety, gravity, decorum, steadiness. 
 
 *T,f w ^^\ ' ''^^^^""T ^"^ 9iddine8s are taken either in 
 the natural or metaphorical sense; the rest in the mord 
 sense: V*^n... is said of the outward carriage orthe 
 mward tamper. Levity is that kind of ligUnes^lZh de 
 notes an inability or inaptitude to weigh the importance of 
 pnnciples in thought and action, and°so border onTnunl 
 rality, if it is not actually such. Giddiness is wild thought 
 lessness, especially such a^ come, of exuberant spWts 
 combined with scanty powers of reflection. LigZessi^ 
 that quality of mmd which disposes it to be inflSced bv 
 tnfling considerations, and shows itself, therefore, in incon 
 s^ncy and want of steadfastness and resolution. VoL 
 ^t% IS active hgUness of disposition; a tendency to flv 
 from one thing to another from curiosity and pett^ il 
 terest. Fl^ght^ness comes of mental unlteadinel^^^ 
 shows itself in capricious fancies, irregular conducr and 
 disordered intentions; it betokens intellectual deficiency" 
 
 HkenesS. W.. the nnnlitv or pfofo ^f Kg'"~ '-•>- ■' . - - - 
 
 i-i . ., ^ ' «•• -^^ o^ Ocjjijj ixiio : cnat which is 
 
 like or similar. ' wuicn is 
 
I 1^ 
 
 218 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Syn. : resemblance, similarity, similitude, correspon- 
 dence. ^ 
 
 Ant. : dissimilarity, dissimilitude, disparity, unlikeness. 
 
 Syn. dis. : ^'Likeness is the most general, and at the 
 same time the most familiar, term : it respects either ex- 
 ternal or internal properties ; resemblance usually respects 
 only the external aspects. We speak of * a strong likeness 
 in feature ' ; * a faint resemblance in manner.' Similarity 
 or similitude, which is a higher term, is in the moral 
 application, in regard to likeness, what resemblance is in 
 the physical sense : what is alike has the same nature • 
 what is simila/r has certain features in common ; in this 
 sense we say feelings, sentiments, and persons aie alike; 
 but cases, circumstances, and conditions are similar." 
 
 linger, v., to be slow in moving, to delay, to await, to stop. 
 
 Syn. : tarry, loiter, lag, saunter. 
 
 Ant. : hasten, press, push, speed. 
 
 Syn. dis. : « Suspension of action or slow movement 
 enters into the meaning of all these terms : to linger is to 
 stop altogether or to move but slowly forward ; to tarry is 
 properly to suspend one's movement ; the former may pro- 
 ceed from reluctance t oave the spot on which we linger • 
 the latter may proceec. irom motives of discretion which 
 suggest our tarrying." « Loiter is to linger from tardiness 
 or indolence, as linger implies a constraining or retarding 
 influence attached to the locality. Saunter (popularly d^ 
 rived from sainte terre, the Holy Land, as if connected 
 with the strolling of pilgrims there) is to move onwards 
 but in an idle, dreamy fashion. We lag through laziness 
 or absence of mind ; linger through attachment ; loiter from 
 idleness ; saunter for pleasure ; and tarry for a purpose." 
 
 listless, adj., having no inclination or interest, languid, weary. 
 
 Syn.: uninterested, indifferent, careless, torpid. 
 
 Ant. : eager, curious, ardent, attentive, absorbed Sea 
 indolent. 
 
 literature, n., the collective literary productions of 
 country or period : knowledge of 
 letters or books. 
 
 any 
 
lorrespon- 
 
 ilikeness. 
 d at the 
 ither ex- 
 r respects 
 g likeness 
 imilarity, 
 16 moral 
 nee is in 
 nature ; 
 ; in this 
 re alike; 
 or. 
 
 » 
 
 5 stop. 
 
 ovement 
 'ger is to 
 > ia/rri/ is 
 may pro- 
 » linger ; 
 a which 
 ardiness 
 Btarding 
 larly de- 
 mnected 
 nwards, 
 laziness 
 ter from 
 •pose." 
 
 , weary, 
 d. See 
 
 of any 
 
 !U Wlbll 
 
 SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 219 
 
 Syn. : learning, letters, erudition. 
 
 n^r^/f ^^' ; ^^^ *®'"'" ^«'^«^^<«*^e embraces what the French 
 call helles lettres, the class of writings distinguished for 
 beauty of style or expression, as poetry, essays, or aistory, 
 m contradistinction to scientific treatises and words which 
 contain positive knowledge. Archdeacon Smith thus dis- 
 tmguishes the terms literature and the arts: "Litera- 
 ture, he says, "in its widest application, embraces all 
 compositions wMch do not appertain to the positive 
 sciences. As a man of literature is versed in helles lettres 
 so a man of learning excels in what is taught in the 
 schoos, and belongs almost wholly to the past; while 
 literatm-e includes the current compositions of the day 
 Art IS the application of knowledge to practice. As science 
 consists of speculative principles, so art is a system of 
 rules, serving to facilitate the performance of certain ac 
 tions. Arts are divided into two classes : the useful, 
 mechanical or industrial arts, and the liberal, polite, or 
 fine arts The former are called trades ; the latter have 
 to do with imagination and design, as poetry, painting 
 sculpture, designing, and the like." pninung, 
 
 livelihood, n., means of subsistence or maintaining life • the 
 support of life ; means of living. 
 
 Syn. : living, subsistence, maintenance, support, suste- 
 nance. 
 
 Ant. : privation, starvation, want, beggary. 
 
 Sjn. dis. : "The means of living or supporting life is 
 the idea common to all these terms. A Uvelihood is a 
 calling or profession regarded as the condition of sub- 
 sistence ; while living is the subsistence itself. Both live- 
 lihood and hmmj are restricted to rational creatures 
 whose maintenance depends upon their own exertions' 
 ^ubsiatence is employed of what furnishes support to an- 
 imal life generally and directly, as food ; while to support 
 18 to furnish with the means of sustmance in any shape 
 as money, food, and the like. Maintenance' has a wider 
 meaning, and denotes generally the keeping up of any- 
 thinsr which has to Ha iinlifil«l i« « ««„»,.^ „<> °^:S ,. "^ 
 
 or operation ; as the inaintetuznce of life, of the body of 
 a fabric, of respectability, of splendour, of public war or 
 
220 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 I 
 
 ¥ 
 
 r i 
 
 v^orship Sustenance denotes no more than means of sup^ 
 porting hie, but IS not restricted to animal life, being 
 applicable to the vegetative life of plants. MaintenaJe 
 find support are applicable to things of the moral nature • 
 as the support of courage and hope ; the maintenance of 
 order, cheerfulness, or resolution." 
 
 lively, adj., gay, animated, active, energetic, brisk. 
 
 Syn. : sprightly, vivacious, sportive, merry, jocund. 
 Ant. : lifeless, torpid, sluggish, listless, dull. 
 
 vnnfL"' ^^' • " ^''f''^'' ^ *^ie property of childhood, 
 youth, and even mature a-e; sprightliness is the peculia^ 
 property of youth ; vivaciii/ is a quality compatible with 
 the sobriety of years. The imagination, the wit, the con 
 ception, the representation, and the like, are lively • the 
 air^ the manner, the book, the tune, the dance are 
 aprxghtly; the conversation, the turn of mind, the societv 
 are vvvoA^icms ; the muse, the pen, the imagination, are 
 ^ortive; the meeting, the laugh, the song,°the concert 
 are merry; the train, the dance, the note, fre jomnd " 
 loose, adj., unbound, rambling, unrestrained in morals and 
 manner, wanton. 
 
 Syn. : lax, licentious, dissolute, vague. 
 
 Ant. : bound, tight, moral, conscientious, exact. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Loose is employed either for moral or intel- 
 lectual subjects; vague ov\y for intellectual obiects • lax 
 sometimes for what is intellectual, but oftener for the 
 mora ; dissolute and licentious only for moral matters 
 Whatever- wants a proper connection, or linking together 
 ot the parts, is loose; whatever is scattered and remotelv 
 separate is vague : a style is loose where the words and 
 sentences are not made to coalesce, so as to form a recrular 
 connected series; assertions are vague which have but a 
 remote connection with the subject referred to Loose- 
 ness of charactei-, if indulged, soon sinks into dissoluteness 
 »f morals ; and laxity of discipline is apt to be followed by 
 licentiousness of manners." 
 
 maintain 
 
 1 — '" /"I. '".", i: * "^e^p v« icuiiii possession of ; sup- 
 port or defend by force of reason or intellect. 
 
ms of 8up~ 
 life, being 
 aintenance 
 al nature; 
 ■tenance of 
 
 5cund. 
 
 childhood, 
 B peculiar 
 tible with 
 ;, the con- 
 Ively ; the 
 lanco, are 
 le society, 
 ition, are 
 ) concert, 
 )citnd." 
 
 orals and 
 
 ifc. 
 
 1 or intel- 
 
 scts; lax 
 
 for the 
 
 matters. 
 
 together 
 
 remotely 
 
 ords and 
 
 I regular 
 
 ve but a 
 
 Loose- 
 
 jluteness 
 
 owed by 
 
 Hi 
 
 sup- 
 
 SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. £21 
 
 "For thou hast mainlain^ my right and my cause." 
 
 a^„ i 1 1 n . — Psalm ix,, 4. 
 
 Syn. : assert, hold, vindicate, support. 
 
 Ant. ; drop, aban on, oppose, thwart, subvert. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Maintain, in the sense in which it is svn- 
 onymous with the other terms here given denotes Th. 
 holding firmly or with vigour and conslancy X^T h^d 
 denotes simply entertaining with any degree of firmness 
 m argu,nentative defence, and even Without argument " 
 an. We Ao/c^ views, opinions, or belief; we maintain 
 besides these, positions, arguments,, right , clai^ We 
 assert facts and claims. To vindicated to def^ni wUh 
 an implied degree of success. Hold is always used of 
 persons ; support also of evidence." ^ 
 
 malevolent, adj„ having an ill-will or evil disposition to 
 wards others, or rejoicing in their misfortune. 
 
 Syn. : malicious, malignant, ill-disposed. 
 
 Ant. : kindly, benignant, beneficent. 
 
 Syn. dis : ^^Malevolence has a deep root in the heart 
 and IS a settled part of the character ) we denominate the 
 person malevolent to designate the niling teZi of h t 
 mind : mihciousness may be applied as" an Jpi het to 
 
 IS not applied to characterize the person but the thin^ • 
 the mahgnUy of a design is estimated by the dec ee of 
 mischief which was intended to be done/' Mate Zil 
 
 encem as active and unceasing in its operations for mis- 
 chief as Its oppo.«ae, benevolence, is in wishing and doTnl 
 good : a story or tale is termed malicious whl emanate? 
 f^m ^mal,c,ous disposition ; a fever is malignalT^Z, 
 
 manners, n., behaviour, carriage, deportment, especiallv 
 ceremonious, polite, or respectful deportment, dvllUy 
 
 Syn. : morals, politeness, breeding. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Manner n rpano^ fi," ^: r-^- 
 
 wiU. and towavd. otho,.7».;i-i3'e'thri„" 0"^! 
 duties of hfe : .„„„«™ ,,„,« th,„.efore been denZi 'm"d 
 
222 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOKD-BOOK. 
 
 minor morak." By an attention to good manners we 
 commend ourselves to others and render ourselves desir- 
 able associates ; by an observance of good morals we 
 become good members of society and gain ite esteem. 
 Good-mann.r. is the result of good-breeding, and good- 
 beeedtng is the index and distinctive characteristic of a 
 gentleman. 
 
 maxim n., a short and concise statement of an important 
 truth ; a principle generally rec(dved and admitted as true. 
 
 Syn. : precept, rule, law, proverb, adage, aphorism. 
 
 Syn. dis : ''Maxim is a moral truth that cames its 
 own weight with itself: precept, rule, and law all borrow 
 their weight from some external circumstance : the pr.cept 
 derives its authority from the individual deliveriC if. 
 the rule acquires a worth from its fitness for guiding Ss in 
 our proceeding ; the law, which is :. species of rule, 
 derives its weight from the sanction of power. Maxims 
 are often precepts inasmuch as they are sometimes com- 
 municated to us by our parents or those in authoritv ' 
 they are rules inasmuch as they serve as a rule for oui^ 
 conduct; they are laws inasmuch as they have the sane 
 tion 01 conscience. 
 
 may, an auxiliary verb, denoting (among other things) sub- 
 jective power ability, or might. In this sense, may is 
 almost obsolete its place being taken by can; may being 
 reserved for those cases in which there is something re 
 garded as possibly true or likely to happen. 
 
 ^ ^{u V'^'^Vi distinguishing 7nay from can, Archdeacon 
 Smith has the following remarks : " Can denotes power • 
 may, probability, possibility, and permission. I can or 
 ^nnot, walk ; that is I have, or have not, the powe; to 
 walk It 18 remarkable that the negative cannot is used 
 m the sense of extreme improbability ; as, ' surely it 
 cannot be rammg with this bright sun;' in which ca*e 
 It seems to take the place of may not. So we should say, 
 I think with the wind from the soutl., it may rain 
 to-day But we should not say, 'surely, with the wind 
 from the north, it may not,' but 'it cannot rain to-dav.' 
 ^ayno^ IS uBU&uy^aid to negative, not probability, but 
 permission." •^' 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 223 
 
 nners we 
 ves desir- 
 lorals we 
 3 esteem, 
 nd good- 
 istic of a 
 
 mportant 
 i as true. 
 
 rism. 
 
 fimes its 
 I borrow 
 le precept 
 3ring it ; 
 ing us in 
 of rule, 
 Maxims 
 lies com- 
 ithority ; 
 e for our 
 ihe sanc- 
 
 Lgs) sub- 
 way is 
 'y being 
 bing re- 
 fa deacon 
 power ; 
 can, or 
 ower to 
 is used 
 irely it 
 ch case 
 lid say, 
 ay rain 
 le wind 
 to-dav.' 
 ty, but 
 
 
 mental, adj., pertaining to the mind or intellect ; intel- 
 lectual. ' 
 
 Syn dis. : There is the same difference between mental 
 and intellectual as between mind and intellect : the mind 
 comprehends the thinking faculty in general, with all its 
 operations • the intellect includes only that part of it which 
 consists in understanding and judgment : menial is there- 
 tore opposed to corporeal; intellectual is opposed to 
 sensual or physical: mental exertions are not to be 
 expected from all ; intellectual enjoyments fall to the lot 
 of comparatively few. Objects, pleasures, pains, opera- 
 tions, gifts, etc., are denominated me^itai, thcjgh some 
 may be also characterized as intellectual; subjects, con- 
 versation, pursuits, literary society, and the like, are en- 
 titled intellectual. 
 
 merit, n., goodness or excellence entitling to honour or 
 reward ; value or excellence ; that which is earned or 
 deserved. 
 
 Syn. : goodness, desert, worth, excellence, worthiness. 
 
 Ant. : demerit, unworthiness, worthlessness, defect. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Of these desert and meHt have the two-fold 
 meaning of good and evil deserving ; while goodness 
 worth, a^ wortJaness are employed only in a favourable 
 sense Worth is the intrinsic and permanent value of the 
 moml character or the thing appraised : worth describes 
 the qualities ; merit, the actions of a man. Merit and 
 desert are well-nigh identical in meaning ; but merit is 
 used more abstractly, as, ' the meHts of a case,' ' the merits 
 of a literary or musical production.' It represents excel- 
 lency less strictly in connection with its dues than does 
 desert, which always takes into account some correspon- 
 dent treatment of jjersona." 
 
 mindful, adj., attentive, heedful, regardful, observant. 
 
 Syn. dis. : «« Mindful respects that which we wish from 
 others : regardful respects that which in itself demands 
 r«^an/ or serious thought: observant respects both that 
 which 18 communicated by others and that which carries 
 
 .- "..p«v.„xio Vitii usuii. iieeajui lja« the general 
 
 sense of thinking much on, or of giving h^ed to, that 
 which IS brought to our notice, and of which we are to be 
 
224 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 carefi.1. In this it agrees with attention ; hence we speak 
 of giving heed and paying attention. Observant expresses 
 he faculty of noticing things, not from mere curiosity 
 but from the hope of gaining or profiting something by 
 such observation. ^u "y 
 
 misconstrue, v., to interpret either words or thin-s in a 
 wrong sense; misintei-pret. * 
 
 of fw//'" '' " ^^,,^^ff^^?^«« i« slight between the usages 
 of these terms : both imply voluntary action ; yet miscon- 
 strue seems more commonly employed of things of which 
 the meaning has to be gathered by inference; misinterpreL 
 of those of which It is directly expressed. Hence we 
 should say, to misinterpret words or actions,' ' to miscoTi- 
 strue motives.' Interpretations should be truthful • con 
 sti-uctzons of conduct should be charitable. I misinterpret 
 
 IZTr'^'^'^'u "'^?' ^ P^'' "^'^"^ judgment; I mtW 
 strue them when I err m appraising the nature of their 
 intentions." 
 
 mc'^asty, n., the lowly estimate of one's own merits impor- 
 tance, or powers; unassuming conduct; propriety of 
 manner or behaviour, ' f f j *^* 
 
 Syn. : moderation, decency, deconam, diffidence. 
 
 Ant : vanity, self-conceit, assurance, effrontery. 
 
 Syn. dis. :Afodesty lies in the mind and in the* tone of 
 feeling ; moderation respects the desires : modesty is not 
 only a becoming virtue, but a discreet principle of action • 
 moderation is a rule or line that acts as a restraint on the' 
 views and the outward conduct. Modesty shields a man 
 from mortifacations and disappointments, which assail the 
 self-conceited man : moderation is equally advantageous 
 since It suitably restrains and regulates one's desir^ de- 
 mands, and expectations. Modesty, though opposed to 
 assurance, is not incompatible with a justifiable confi- 
 dence m ourselves, and, unlike diffidence, qualifies one for 
 and often incites one to, the projjer fulfilment of duty. ' 
 
 mutual, adj., interchanged ; given and received : each aot'iiff 
 in return or correspondence to the other. ' 
 
we speak 
 expresses 
 Juriosity, 
 by 
 
 bhing 
 
 tigs m a 
 
 16 usages 
 ; miscon- 
 >f which 
 nterprety 
 ence we 
 ' miscoTir 
 il : con- 
 interpret 
 miscon- 
 of their 
 
 , impor- 
 fiety of 
 
 tone of 
 is not 
 action; 
 on the 
 a man 
 ia.il the 
 figeous, 
 t-es, de- 
 )sed to 
 oonfi' 
 »ne for, 
 ty. 
 
 aothig 
 
 ciety is 
 
 3YN0NYMS DISCRIMINATBD. 225 
 
 /oW """"' ""''"'' '" '"^'y •«" by reciprocal concession,." 
 Jyn. : common, correspondent, reciprocal, interchaV 
 Ant. : onesided, unreciprocated, unrefcnrned. 
 
 at the' I'm- t ,f^'tiiZKnn"'"^"'^%''' »"<««»» 
 succession of retuis iSl; '^•^T' *" ""ematiou or 
 of will and opiS . a Zt^.^^''-"' """"'^ *« """^-^ 
 tion to oblige, a m«W Int. ^"' *"'""«•"'«'«'«»- 
 other's comffr , pCj^ 'etw J, ■""^'^"'. (for each 
 should display and r.!;.,'. *''«' ""^ues we 
 rights, d„ti^^ti::^e arw\Te;erroroth?S t""'' 
 
 ^z'z: x?:^:^ rnt-,;\i ^p%X^rL: 
 
 Mutual applies to nothin. bUhat i^ "^f "^ '-«*"™- 
 is applied to things remnt.f.f '^^'^"'"'' ^ ""^^Mo/ 
 
 as IL^oca,^, Srns^er^lnr.r7r"^^' 
 simply a thinK which e^ul, i^t, » ^ mutual thing is 
 
 ««>r<«a; thing' so exists Tstho Zu T.'^}^'"' ! 
 returning. * The afctar.hm««f *^^ * ^^^'^"g and 
 
 «i™p!y tCat it wrfeifoTbotrsidrntt^r'''* "™° 
 
 P W, that what one had gfven the otl Tf '"^'^ 
 returned." When we are speakhiLf, .!,• T ^'^ *'^ 
 word muhml is much misused fortL i"'' P*"-^" *« 
 the phrase, ' our mu^^SMend '-ir."^ o™^^^ as in 
 to <«„ person, only. Care shouUrbt ?^ j "l"''^ ™'''""« 
 adding the words /<,r lh7t t t^T a ?.*" *™''' 
 ««(«»; regai-d for each other.' The id™ ! •''"^e ^ 
 he word ' n^uluaV makes it redundant t » V?T^ ^ 
 ' for eaeh other.' Similarlv t ,. , i , ^'^ *''® ''ords 
 
 d«nt' is the exact e,ul'^.lert'of"^ll'"'f"*^ <•«!«'''- 
 other;' hence, ' «»Wrde^„dt„t oTe T' ?v T""" 
 tautological and a solecism. °'^'' ''"'^'' " 
 
 °^°^.:d: """ '^ """"'' " P«-" - «'»« U called or desig- 
 cme.^^ Whatever word iaVm^J^.^^'-Jo tCS ^ 
 
If ■ 1 
 
 226 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 thing from another, is a name ; therefore an appellation 
 and a title is a name, but not vice versa" Appe/lation 
 properly denotes a descriptive term when some individual 
 is expressed or some peculiar characteristic, as Alfred the 
 Great ; Richard, the Hunchback. " A title is a name in 
 some way indicative of dignity, distinctiveness, or pro- 
 minence. Denomination is a distinctive name, implying 
 sectional division or classification : designation is a dis^ 
 tinctive title, pointing out more specifically one individual 
 from others." 
 
 narrow, adj., limited as to space, extent, duration, means, 
 etc. ; circumscribed ; contracted in views or intellect. 
 
 Syn. : contracted, confined, straitened, slender. 
 
 Ant. : wide, broad, ample, capacious, expanded. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Na'&ow is a variation of near, signifying 
 the quality of being near, close, or not extended; con- 
 tracted signifies either the statB or quality of being shrunk 
 up, lessened in size, or brought within a small compass. 
 Contracted and confined respect the operations of things ; 
 narrou) their qualities or accidents." " A narrow escape 
 is one in which the interval between the point of danger 
 and the person avoiding it h near or narrow. Metaphori- 
 cally a narrow mind is so by natvm ; a contracted mind is 
 so by association, training, or prejudice. Confined implies 
 more strongly than contracted the operation of external 
 forces : a stream is contracted within its ordinary course 
 by the drought of summer ; it is confined to a narrow bed 
 by artificial embankments. We s])eak morally of the 
 contracted span of a man's life, and the confined view he 
 takes of a subject." 
 
 naturally, adv., in a naturally way; spontaneously* accord- 
 ing to the usual order of things. 
 
 Syn. : in course, consequently, of course, normally. 
 
 Ant. : artfully, abnormally, unnaturally. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Naturally signifies according to the nature 
 of things, as, ' this might naturally have been expected-* 
 In cowrse signifies in the course of things, that is, in the 
 regular order or sequence that things ought to follow. 
 Consequently signifies by a consequence, that is, by a 
 
ypeflation 
 ^pellation 
 idividual 
 Jfred th(^ 
 name in 
 , or pro- 
 implying 
 is a dis- 
 idividual 
 
 , means, 
 ect. 
 
 gnifying 
 id ; con- 
 I shrunk 
 jompass. 
 
 things ; 
 o escape 
 ■ danger 
 staphori- 
 mind is 
 - implies 
 Bxteriial 
 r course 
 row bed 
 
 of the 
 view he 
 
 accord- 
 
 Jly. 
 
 3 nature 
 :pected-' 
 u in the 
 follow. 
 !, by a 
 
 SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 227 
 
 course ^h^mZuZJ"^"'*"? °° """'"'"' °/ ""^ 
 
 ;«. ."(^^"^"'^^^er tollows consequently, followa «« wo i.,j 
 It right ; whatever follows of course fo In w! "^^^^ 
 
 necessarily. 6W.^^,,^,^y ,< '^^^^ T^LZr ""' '' 
 practical inference' 0/ LrseTZ'T::!:^^^^ ''/ 
 ^^"^f applies to what one does or mil do .? "^ 
 
 applies to what one must do or leave uXl' ' "^ ''''''' 
 
 necessary, adj., indispensably requisite or nP«dfnl x. 
 
 cannot be done wit'hout orVenid wUh ' '"'^ '^ 
 
 '"Tis n.c...ary he should die."_7'mon 0/ ^<Aen« 
 Syn : expedient, essential, requisite, inevitable 
 tn dir'T'' '^*""^' ^'^^^^-^on.l, unessential. 
 
 may be nec^.ssary according to the H.n f ""'^ ^ *^'>^ 
 case or our views of ZcessV fI 7."""^«*^««e« of the 
 
 requisite are modes ofT^S ,,S""tL^^^^^ ^"' 
 8 thine is a matfo.. «f "r"^ ""^''''W/ the acpeAeMce of 
 
 thL the «^.-:rburlhrjr •: iZt Thrr 
 
 latter: what is r*mmte may be sn it? ° ° ""^ 
 entirely; the .»,«„,4 „„ th"To„t,ary is£."'Jf' "• 
 B^.;^ the ..... ana wither 'S f^L^rotn^t 
 
 Syn.: remits careles., heedless thoughtless, inattentive. 
 
 %n du "i rt""' """"'"'■ """f"'- --«'-*«• 
 
 oyn. dis. : Negligent is a stronger term f>,o« 
 .one IS negligent in n.^/.c<% the 1 hW tlM^ ^"'^''^V 
 before one's eyes ; one is remiss in fo.l^ettW tC^'T\ 
 was ery,,,,, ,^^^ ^.^^ previouslv :^ the" Iw^^'j?,^ 
 .c«uu.-H a person m^^i^.n^; the want of interest ZJ 
 a pei-son remiss. Servants or enmloyLs are If^ f ' 
 quently r^gligent in what concerns Lr^J^Xtt:^^^, 
 
228 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 teachers are sometinios remiss in not con-ectinff the faults 
 of their pupils." ^Vee heed. 
 
 Deighbourhood, n., the state of living or being situate 1 
 near; an adjoining district or locality ; vicinity. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Neiyhhourhbod is Saxon ; vUnity is Latin • 
 hence, as commonly hai)pens, the Saxon term is the more 
 comprehensive. Neighbourhood is, in the first place, 
 emp oyea both of the place or places in the vicinity, and 
 ot the persons inhabiting them: vicinity, only of the 
 place. Again, neighbourhood is employed to designate the 
 general nearness or collectiveness of persons or objects 
 among one another; vicinity, only of the nearness of one 
 being to another, or a person to a place. Hence, a differ- 
 ence in the form of expression ; as, to live in the vicinity 
 of the sea, rather than the neighbourhood; nothing more 
 being meant than physical proximity. Vicinity expresses 
 nearness; neighbourhood, social nearness." 
 
 Qews, n. (pi, but always treated as a singular noun) recent 
 or fresh intelligence, or information concerning any matter 
 or event ; tidings ; intelligence. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " News denotes what is generally read in the 
 way of intelligence from any or all quartera This may 
 be interesting to ourselves in common with others or it 
 may be wholly uninteresting. Tidings are news of what 
 has tided or betided (A. S., tid, tide or time), more or less 
 expected, from a particular quarter, and always personally 
 interesting. Intelligence is a more formal word, denotinrr 
 public or official communication of news, and is always ol' 
 general interest, whether good or bad, and commonly on 
 detinite subjects." *^ 
 
 QOise, n., loud or confused sound; loud or continuous talk • a 
 din ; a rumour. ' 
 
 Syn. : cry, outcry, clamour. 
 
 Ant. : melody, silence, stillness, hush. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " These terms may all be taken in an impro- 
 per as well as a proper sense. Whatever is obtruded upon 
 the public notice, so as to become the univei-sal subject of 
 convcrdHtion and writing, is said to make a noise; in this 
 manner a new and good performer at the theatre makes a 
 
SVNONyMS UI8CK1MINATED. 229 
 
 '^■tZu'" bit r;"''"™" '■ * '^'' ■" '^- '■»—■- be for 
 
 it k « / ^' ^^ vehement and exceedin-ly Wv,/ 
 
 It 18 a clamour: partisans raisp « ^,v, • '^'"'r,KY noi?,}/, 
 
 body in their favo.,r- fhT r ^Z"" '''''^*^'" *« ^o™ » 
 
 ee. i, a„.:".i!t7- ^„^^;l:— e^J-^^^^^^^^ 
 
 note, »., an explanatory or critical comment • a min„f« ^ 
 orandum. or short writing intended t:li:tret";Z::- 
 
 «S; "'""'*"*""'' °°""°^'"' «"»»'en'-y, observation,' 
 
 wif.f?he tL: t^h^r >n"n'f '' ? ^^'>°"^-- 
 being either a bri^f w,Xf 7„\"s ft the 3' """"'• 
 
 rrtrs^ r^? re3x^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Comment hm a less svs^Pmaf;^I^^ by awwoto^ton. 
 
 rather to the circun.stance orthTc^'e thl M ir'?''™ 
 
 CWme«fc.n, IS a systematic collection of com,L.«rr » 
 hte.-ary form, and by way of explanation and HlXtl ^ 
 
 Syn. dis. : " In the first sense of these words a, H,e 
 action respects ou.^elves, to notice and ^3 4 '"'„•'! 
 simple attention; to obeerve requires examTnltlon ' To 
 «*o« IS a more c„,-sory action tlan to reZriZ J" 
 
 one'rhLi". bf,t1 ""'*? ^''""*' ■"• ™ -"erely turning 
 ones heat , but to remark supposes a reaction of the mind 
 on an object : we notice the state of a ,«r«on's health "' 
 
 :'.H 
 
11 
 
 230 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 his mannei-s in company ; we remark his habits and pecn- 
 harities in domestic life. What is noticed or remarked 
 strikes on the senses, and awakens tlie mind ; what is ob- 
 served, is looked after and sought for : the foimer are often 
 involuntary acts; we see,, hear, and think, because tho 
 objects obtrude themselves uncalled for ; but the latter is 
 intentional as well as voluntary ; we see, hear, and think 
 on that which we have watched. We remark things as 
 matters of fact ; we observe them in order to jud<re of or 
 draw conclusions from them." ° ' 
 
 o. 
 
 obedient, adj., ready to obey the commands or directions of 
 a superior ; submissive to authority, restraint, or control. 
 
 Syn. : submissive, obsequious, dutiful, compliant. 
 
 Ant. : rebellious, disobedient, intmctable, antagonistic. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " One is obedient to command, submissive to 
 power or the will, obsequious to persons. Obedience is 
 always taken in a good sense; one ought always to be 
 obedient where obedience is due : submission is relative'y 
 good ; it may, however, be indifferent or bad : one may be 
 submissive from interested motives, or meanness of spirit 
 which is a base kind of submission ; but to be submissive 
 for conscience' sake is the bounden duty of a Christian : 
 obsequiousness is never good; it is an excessive concern 
 about the good-will or favour of another which has always 
 interest for its end." 
 
 object, n., that towards which the mind is directed in any of 
 its states or activities. Syn. ; subject. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Object signifies the thing that lies in one's 
 way; subject, the thing forming the ground-work; the 
 one is perceived by the sight, the other is that which the 
 mind deals with and reflects upon. The object puts itself 
 forward ; the subject is in the background ; *we notice the 
 object; we observe and reflect on the subject : objects are 
 sensible; the subject is altogether intellectual; the eye, 
 the ear, and all the senses are occupied with the sunound- 
 mg objects: the memory, the judgment, and the imagina- 
 tion are supplied with subjects suitable to the nature of 
 the opemtion. When object is taken for that which is 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 231 
 
 intellectual, it retains a similar signification: it is the 
 thing that presents itself to the rnin.l ; it is seen by the 
 mind 8 eye : the mbject, on the contni.y, is that which 
 must be sought for, and when found it engages the mental 
 
 of dXht ' r f ^/^ ^*-^"' ^^ consideration, an ol^ect 
 ot del ght, an object of concern; a Hnhject of reflection a 
 sul^ect of mature delil eration, the ^.^L of a poem! the 
 subject of grief, of lamentation, and the like. » 
 
 objection, n., that which is or muy be urged or brought for- 
 ward in opi>osition; an adverse argume/it, reason or charge. 
 
 Syn. : difficulty, exception. 
 
 Syn. dis : '^ Objecfion is here a general term; it com- 
 prehends both the </#ot.%and tfc ea^ception, ^hich a^e 
 but species of the objection : an objection and a dijicultv 
 are started ■ an exception is n)ade : the objection to a thin^ 
 18 m general that which lend.rs it less desirable ; but the 
 d^Jlcvltyis that which renders it less practicable : there is 
 an objection agamst every scheme which incurs a serious 
 risk ; the want of means to begin, or resources to carry 
 on a scheme, are dtjlcu^ ties. Objection and conception both 
 respect the nature, the moral tendency, or moral conse- 
 quences of a thing ; but an objection mav be frivolous or 
 serious ; an exception is something serious : the objrclion 
 IS positive; the exception is relatively considered, that is 
 the thing excepted from other things, as not good, and 
 consequently objected to." ^ ' 
 
 obstinate, Of//., pertinaciously adhering to one's opinions 
 purposes, or views ; firmly fixed in resolution. 
 
 Syn. : contur-oion., stubborn, headstrong, inflexible. 
 
 Ant : amenable, complaisant, yielding, docile. 
 
 Syn. dis^ : " Obstinacy is a habit of the mind : contum- 
 acy 18 either a particular state of feeling or a mode of 
 action : obstmacy consists in an attachment to one's own 
 mode oi acting ; contumacy consists in a contempt of 
 others: the obstinate mnn adheres tenaciously to his own 
 ways and opposes reason to reason ; the contumacious man 
 .disputes the right of another to eont:.: his actions, and 
 opposes force to force. Obstmavy interferes with a man's 
 private conduct, and makes him blind to right iea.son • 
 
 
iff 
 
 232 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL EN(iLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 i' '(I 
 
 a i, 
 
 f, n 
 
 
 m. 
 
 contumacy is a crime against lawful authority : the co^ 
 
 stuhhorn and the hea.htror^ are species of the ohsHnate' 
 the former lies altogether in the perversion of the will', 
 the latter m the perversion .of fb. judg.nent : the sluhhJrn 
 
 what he thinks. Stubbornness is mostly inherent in a 
 
 aSrwUh Wl^' ' ''f'''"^' *^"^P^^- '■« -™-only associ- 
 ated with violence and impetuosity of character." 
 
 occasion, n., an incident, event, or casualty which indirectly 
 
 Syn. : necessity, requirement, need, want. 
 
 life^^utl; "'^^''' '"'""'u "'" WHed to the evente of 
 inn/ ^ ? '''''''*^'* '" ^^^^ ^^^^^^ determines our con- 
 duet, and leaves us no choice ; it amounts to a den- Jof 
 necessity: the opportunity in that nhich invites the action 
 U tempts us to embrace the moment for taking the sZ' 
 We do things, therefore, as the occasion requfres or^ 
 the o^por...^.^ offeiu There are many occa^Jj on' whic" 
 a m.tn is called upon to uphold his opinions. There are 
 Z:r^T '" "T. ".»^^^^^^' ^ distinguish them 
 
 c:l w'e'LTrdiit""'" "^"" "^ [ ^'^ ^^^^'-^-^^^ 
 
 old, adj., not new ; not fresh or recent ; ancient. 
 
 Syn. : antique, antiquated, old-fashioned, obsolete. 
 Ant. : young, youthful, modern, current, recent. 
 
 still exists ; ancient what existed at a distant periotl but 
 does not nece.wri y exist at present; anti.ul thTwhich 
 has long been ancient, and of which there remain but fa nt 
 traces: antviuated, old-fashioned, and oi.o/^^tha Ih ch 
 has ceased to be any longer used or esteemed. A /itn 
 
 w jen Its use has long been passed ; a pe.-son is antinuated 
 whoso appearance is grown out of d.lt. • Jl^'ll^^ll^r. 
 are gone quite out oifasHon are old-fdsjdo^-'^':^" 
 custom IS obsolete which has grown out of use." 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 333 
 
 """^Z'^ZoLfT^ event or occurrence, considere,! as a sign 
 ot goorl or 111 ; anything thought to portend good or ill 
 
 8jn. : prognostic, presage, augury, portent. 
 . Syn difl. : " AH these terms express some token or 
 sign of what is to come. The omen and ^^^'aro 
 both drawn from external objects; the prLgeTdlaZ 
 from one's own feelings. The omen is drLn fmillS 
 that have no necessary connection with the thing "hey Tit 
 made to represent; it is the fruit of the imaginat on a^ d 
 rests on superstition; the prognostic, on the contmry i a 
 sign which partakes in some degree of the qnal t^ of The 
 thing denoted. The o.nen and ;resn,e respec dXr Jod 
 or bad events; prognostic respel mostly the bid fti^ 
 jn omen of our success if we find those of whom we have 
 to ask a favour in a good-humour ; the spirit of discontent 
 which pervades the countenances ind discourse of a ?it„le 
 18 a prognostic of some i»opular commotion ; the q.dJknes^ 
 
 '"''^'^Wl^e of^S^^ ^^"^'•' °^ ''"-''y ^' ^^--g; the 
 
 Syn. : choice, selection, preference. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Option is the right or power of choice or 
 freedom from restraint in the act of choosing : the oSw 
 18 opposed to the compulsory. Choice denotes t feTc and 
 the power ot choosing out of a number, with the sense 
 sometimes of judgment in choice, as when we say ! to sTo^ 
 choice. Preference is the specific exercise of^cW^h 
 
 much r ^ °"' "' "^^"^ ^'j^"^« «^ ^^-"- s^^^^z 
 
 much the same meaning a« jyrejermce ; hut preference mZ 
 express only a feeling, while selection is an act of taWn^ 
 one or more out of a number upon some princi le o^" 
 choice connected or not with feeling." ^ 
 
 '^''^^HUen."''**'''^ "' "^'""'"'^ ^y *^^ "^«"''' ' '^l-ken, not 
 
 Syn. : verbal, vocal ; unwritten, traditional. 
 
 Sy... dis.: -Oral means 8|K,ken by word of mouth- 
 
 verbal, the same thing ; vocal behmging te the voice The 
 
 ditterence is in the application. Om/ iB^p,>osed towritten 
 
..,i.l 
 
 m 
 
 234 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 or printed in volumes and documents, and stands related 
 to history, records, and tradition ; verbal, to common and 
 brief communications ; vocal, to instrumental in music, or 
 to sounds produced in other ways, or to silence." 
 
 order, w., regular or methodical disposition or arrangement. 
 
 Syn. : method, rule, aiTangement. 
 
 Syn. dis. : Order is applied in general to everything 
 that is disposed ; method and rule are applied only to what 
 is done; the order lies in consulting the time, the place, 
 and the object, so as to make them accord ; the method 
 consists in the right choice of means to an end ; the rule 
 consists in that which will keep us in the right way. 
 Where there is a number of objects there must be order 
 in the disposition of them : there must be order in a school 
 as to the arrangement both of the pupils and of the busi- 
 ness : where there is work to cany on, or any object to 
 attain, or any art to follow, there must be method in the 
 pursuit As epithets, orderly, methodical, and regular, are 
 applied to persons and even to things : an orderly man, or 
 an or derly society, is one that adheres to the esti.b i hed 
 orde of things: the former in his domestic habits, the 
 latter in their public capacity, their social meetings, and 
 their social measures. A methodical man is one who 
 adopts method in all he sets about ; such a one may some- 
 times run into the extreme of formality, by being precise 
 where precision is not necessary : we cannot speak of a 
 methodical society, for method is altogether a [)er8onal 
 quality. A man is regidar, inasmuch as he follows a cer- 
 tain rule which is the guide of his conduct." 
 
 origin, n,, the beginning or first existence of anything; that 
 from which anything primarily proceeds; the commence- 
 ment. 
 
 Syn. : original, beginning, rise, source, derivation. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Origin has respect to the cause, beginning 
 to the period of existence : everything owes its existence 
 to the migin ; it dates it existence fixim the beginning : 
 there cannot be an oriain without, n hfinl-nni^^n • h«f *!.««« 
 may be a beginning where we do not speak of an <yr!gin. 
 Origin and rise ai-e both e oployed for the primary state 
 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 235 
 
 'g 
 
 sonie- 
 
 of existence ; but the latter is a much more familiar term 
 than the former : we speak of the origin of an empire, the 
 ortgi7i of a family, the origin of a dispute, and the like • 
 but we say that a river takes its rise from a certain moun- 
 tain, that certain disorders take their rise from particular 
 circumstances which happen, it may be, in early life. We 
 look to the origin as to the cause of existence : we look to 
 the rise as to the situation in which the thing commences 
 to exist, or the process by which it grows up into exist- 
 ence." 
 
 oversight, n., superintendence, supervision ; omission in- 
 advertence. ' 
 
 Syn. dis. : Oversight has two apparently opposite 
 meanings— that of control or supervision, and that of 
 inadvertency. The one is expressed in the duties of over^ 
 sight, or care over persons committed to one's charge ; the 
 other expresses neglect or omission to go somewhere, or to 
 do or perform some act. In the latter sense, oversight 
 differs from inadvertency "in being purely negative, whUe 
 tTuidvertency may denote active error : we do wrong things 
 through inadvertency; we omit to do right or needful 
 things through oversight. Oversight differs from superin- 
 tendence in that it relates only to persons : we speak of 
 the superin/endence of an institution, and the oversight of 
 r^ .laniates." 
 
 overturn, v., to turn over, upset, overthrow ; overiw)wer. 
 
 Syn. : overthrow, subvert, invert, reverse. 
 
 Ant. : restore, reinstate, revive, construct. 
 
 Syn dis. : " To overturn, overthrow, and subvert, 
 generally involve the destruction of the thing so overturned 
 ^overthrown, or subverted, or at least rendera it for the time 
 useless, and are, therefore, mostly unallowed acts; but 
 reverse and invert, which have a more particular ap{)lica- 
 tion, have a less specific character of propriety : we may 
 reverse a proposition by taking the negative instead of the 
 attirnmtive ; a decree may be reversed so as to render it 
 nugatory ; but both of these acts may be right or wron« 
 according to circumstances : likewise, the order of par- 
 ticular things may be inverted to suit the convenience of 
 parties; but the order of society cannot l>e inverted with- 
 
236 
 
 I 
 
 TUB HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 ^^^subvertiny all the principles on which civil society is . 
 
 P. 
 
 paint, v., to represent by delineation and colom-s • (/lo) to 
 represent or exhibit to the mind. ^-^^'^ 
 
 Syn. : depict, describe, image, characterize, represent. 
 nrpiH; fi ■ '' ^"^ ^''*'*^ '' employed either literally to re 
 
 lltTev^t^Z ''•'"'' "? '"""^' '' ^ ^-^P^'^"^"^ char- 
 acters, events, and circumstances by means of words • to 
 
 depict IS generally ,ised in this latter sense only, but the 
 
 former woH seems to express a greater exercL of th« 
 
 imagmatio, . than the latter : it is^he art of the i^et t 
 
 Tnl^atrT 'rK^'^'^^^'V '' '^ *^« ^'' ^' the historian 
 
 parody, n., a poetical pleasantry in which verses of a ffrave 
 and serious nature on one subject are altered and apS 
 to another by way of burlesque. ^^ 
 
 Syn. dis. : Parodi/ia the humorous adaptation, by alter- 
 ations here and there of an author's woi^s, or b7a close 
 copying of the measure and melody of hi^ verae to a 
 
 ZttlZ f ""^' '"" '''' «"-^^"'^ •• '^' - a";4- 
 
 S fL f '"'T P^^™' "" ^'^^"^^y 'composition in 
 J^i«fl ••/?"? .^''^ ^^P'-ession of serious writings are 
 closely imitated, but adapte.l to a ridiculous subjecf or a 
 humorous method of treatment See burlesque. 
 partake, u to share in common with others; to participate. 
 Syn. dia : " To partake is literally to take a Dart 8har« 
 or portion (and is followed by 'of,^ sou.etLerby' ^ in ' ' 
 m common with others. This also is the etymo!o4ai 
 force of participate, which is the Latin equivaleL of C 
 tuke; hnt in participate thei-e is implied a more mv^t 
 unity and community of feeling or possession Hlncel 
 IS followed, not bv 'of' but bv 'in ' Tu/« . 
 ;^.«.of the .;„« dial, ' b«^he"v .I^L^r" S 
 other's feehng,, conviction,, joys cv Bork,w,. '^o X^ta 
 to partake or ,>.trlichaU> .icco.rtina ... »„ ..n^...? _ " 
 iated method ■•«» .,,«„ „e«,y w^have ourXrof'thX 
 of hfe or wo have our .hare of m ,,lea»„m and happin-T 
 
SYNONYMS niSCRIMrNATED. 
 
 237 
 
 It IS a gross and utipardonahle enor, Localise arisin- from 
 pretentiousness, to use 'partake' for « eat,' e a 'he mir 
 took of his noontide meal.' ^ 
 
 patience: n the power or quality of suffering or enduring • 
 calm endurance ; long suffering. ° ' 
 
 Syn. : endurance, resignation, submission, perseverance. 
 
 Ant. : resistance, repining, rebellion, impatience. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Patience applies to any troubles or pains 
 whatever, small or great ; resignation is employed only for 
 those of great moment, in which our dearest intersts are 
 concerned : patience when compared with resig ation is 
 somewhat negative; it consists in the abstainin<' from all 
 complamt or indication of what one suffers": resignation 
 consists 111 an absolute but uncomplaining submission to 
 existing circumstances, be they what they may There 
 are many occurrences which are apt to harass the temper 
 unless one regards them with patience; the misfortunes of 
 some men are of so calamitous a nature that if they have 
 not acquired Christian resignation they must inevitably 
 sink under them. Patience lies in the manner and temper 
 ot suffering ; endurance in the act. 
 
 penetration, n., having quickness of understanding : sagacitv 
 or intuition. See discernment. o ' --e j 
 
 Syn. : discernment, acuteness, sagacity, sharpness. 
 
 Ant. : dulness, obtuseness, stolidity, indiscernment. 
 perception, w., the power, act, or state of receiving a know- 
 ledge of external things by impressions on the senses. 
 
 Syn. : idea, notion, conception, sight, cognizance. 
 
 Syn. dis. : «* Perception expresses either the act of ptr- 
 ceimng or the impression produced by that act ; in this 
 latter sense it is analogous to an idea. The impression of 
 an object that is present to us is termed & perception; the 
 revival of that impression, when the object is removed, is 
 an idea. A combination of ideas by which any image is 
 presented to the mind is a conception ; the association of 
 two or more ideas, so as to constitute a decision, is a notion 
 
 or a iud^ynient. /*<»*•/><» ii/i/.uo .n-r. /.1^»» ^~ -«^r. ^i i 
 
 .,: — ^.i^tir Oi wijiuacu, accora- 
 
 mg to the state of tlie sensible org-ans and the perceptive 
 
 iaculty ; ideas are vague or distinct, according to the nature 
 
 m 
 
 1. 
 
 
 J'it 
 
w 
 
 238 THE IIIOU SCHOOL ENGLISH WOKD-BOOK. 
 
 of the perception ; conceptions are gross or refined according 
 TJtl fT '"' *"^ "^"^^^^^'^ «^ «"«'« ^"'^«*>- ^otio.^ are 
 
 or:n:'sS;;:d'^::^ "* "^"^■^^^^' ^^^^-^^-^^ ^ ^^- -*-* 
 
 Syn. : embarrass, puzzle, pose, entangle, involve 
 Ant : clear, enlighten, simplify, elucidate, disentangle 
 Syn. dis. : " We are puzzled when our faculties ai« 
 confused by what we cannot understand, b^ morll "^ 
 physical antagonisms or contradictions, which we cannot 
 reconcile or c^ar. We are posed when we are arTsted 
 by a mental difficulty, or meet with a problem which we 
 cannot solve We are perplea:ed when we are unabTe 
 under contending feelings or views, t« determine an ol: 
 ion or to pursue a definite line of conduct. We are m- 
 ban^assed, m matters of action, thought, or si)eech bv 
 anything that interferes with their f^ee Won ^ We ai^ 
 entangled when we find ourselves in verbal or practical 
 difficulties either by our own error or oversight or bv the 
 designs of otheiu We are puzzled by calcuiatioifs o 
 llt^L/'"^'^''^ by casuistry; embarrassed, in some 
 cases, before our superiors, or in speaking a forei-n Ian! 
 gua^e, or in our effi)rts to express ourselves." " 
 
 perspicuity, n., that quality in language which presents with 
 great plainness to the mind of ano 'ler the precise idea 
 of a writer or speaker. See accurate. 
 
 ./'^^^''^''^X'^^^,^^'''^.<^^<^rly and are thoroughly interested 
 they express themselves with perspicuUy and f orce5'-AftSo» 
 Syn. : plainness, clearness, distinctness, lucidity. 
 Ant. : obscurity, confusedness, unintelligibility 
 Syn dis. : ''These epithets denote qualities equally re- 
 quisite to render a discourse intelligible; but each has its 
 peculiar chamcter. Clearness respects our ideas aid 
 springs from the distinction of the things themselv^'s that 
 are discussed : perspicuity respects the mode of expressinir 
 
 nL'lTj.V'L'^.^'''P. ''''^ *'- Mood qualities of style^ 
 
 xx..cncco IS a natural gift; perspicuity is" an 
 
 acquii-ed art : although intimately conn^t^ with each 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 239 
 
 Other, yet it is possible to have chnrness without perspicu- 
 ity, and perajncuity without clearness. People of quick 
 capacities will have clear ideas on the subjects that offer 
 themselves to their notice, but for want of education thev 
 may often use improper or ambiguous phrases : or b'v 
 errors of construction render their phraseology the reverse 
 of perspicuous : on the other hand, it is in the power of 
 some to express' themselves perspicuously on subjects far 
 above their comprehension, from a certain facility which 
 they acquire of catching up suitable modes of expression." 
 
 phrase, n., a short sentence or expression; two or more 
 words containing a particular mode of speech ; style or 
 manner m writing or speaking ; an idiom. See diction. 
 
 Syn. : sentence, expression, proposition, period para- 
 graph. * 
 
 Syn. dis. : " A phrase is a portion of a sentence consist- 
 ing of two or more words, and is impressed with a 
 character of its own, though it is not grammatically 
 independent. A sentence is grammatically complete and 
 stands for any short saying of that character. An 
 expression is a distinctive form of utterance, i-egarded in 
 a technical or rhetorical point of view, and may therefore 
 consist of either one or more words. A period is a 
 sentence wholly divested of the idea of its meaning and 
 regarded only in its material construction as a matter of 
 grammar A paragraph meant, at first, a marginal 
 wntir.3 but ta* come to signify a group of sentences or 
 periods limited to the common point to which they refer 
 A proposition is a sentence regarded in a logical point of 
 view, that is, as stating the connection or disconnection 
 between the subject and predicate, by an affirmative or 
 negative copula : as ♦ Men ai-e, or are not, responsible for 
 their actions.' — Archdeacon Smith. 
 
 positive, orf;., not admitting any condition or discretion- 
 explicit ; over-confident in opinion or assertion • doff- 
 matical. ' ° 
 
 „ . j.„ j^ ti^rxxijivc, ucruiin, aroitraiy. 
 
 Ant. : doubtful, relative, contingent, dependent, ficti- 
 tious. ' 
 
 #ij 
 
240 
 
 THE niGII SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-ROOK. 
 
 Syn. (1,8. : - Positive Kignifies placed or fixed, that is 
 faxed on established in the mind ; absolute J^^niC 
 uncontrolled by any external circumstances ; perJZTto^, 
 
 eithe, of a mans convictions or temper of mind, or of his 
 p oceedings ; absolute is said of his mode of proceed „!„ 
 Troce dlw" circumstances ; pere.^ptory is^said of ^s 
 I>roceedmg8 : a decision if positive ; a command is absolute 
 or pere^uptor.^ ; what is positire excludes all qtresttn 
 . what 18 absolute bare all resistance : what is mremntZ:. 
 removes all hesitation ; a positive Answer can Kvl^ 
 only by one who has positive information; an a w" 
 decree can issue only from one vested ^ith absoZtl 
 authority ; a peremptory refusal can be given only by o„e 
 who has the will and the power of decidfng it without any 
 controversy. As adverbs, positively, absolutely, and 2^ 
 m^<or% have an equally close connection : a thinfL 
 
 pon, or posutvely agreed to ; it is said not to be a W 
 lute^ neces^ry, absolutely true or fa'.e, absolute^ required 
 It IS not to be ;>eremy>«c;re^^ decided, peremptorih, declared' 
 peremptoHly refused. Posiii^e ^^A absolute a^ i kewS 
 
 S£ ll """'i '^J^^'' ^^^^ ^^^^ --« distinctfon L 
 before : the positive expresses what is fixed in distinction 
 from the relative that may vary ; the ab olut^ LS 
 which IS independent of everything." 
 
 possible mlj., that may happen; that can be done; barely 
 able to co,ne to pass ; not contrary to the nature of things 
 
 Syn. : practicable, practical, feasible. See feasible. 
 
 Syn. (lis. : « Possible signifies properly able to be done • 
 practicabh signifies able t« be put into ;>rac^ce . hence 
 the difierence between possii^U and j/a.tAcable is The 
 same as between doing a thing at all or doing it aa a 
 rule. There are many things possible which cannot be 
 called practicable ; but what is practicable mustTn ite 
 aature, \^^ possible. The posnble depends solely on the 
 power of the agent; the ^ra.«/ca6/« depends on ciicum! 
 stances. The practicable is that which mav or li Z 
 practised; \h.^ practical is that which is intended fo^ 
 
 J».vJa« 'f\ •' V "'"'"^"*^' applies to timt which men 
 
 devise to curry mto practue : the latter te that which 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 241 
 
 they have to lyracf.se : the practicable ia opposed to 
 
 8p:cZr;:'"''^'' '" ''''''''^' '^ *^« ^^^^^ or 
 
 prayer, n earnest entreaty, supplication, form of supplica- 
 tiou ; the tavoiir, gift, or blessing asked for. ^"I^'"*''*- 
 
 Syn. : petition, entreaty, suit, request. 
 Syn. dis.: -Prayer and petition differ in tKat the 
 former is c ^mmonly a request for greater gifts or wfsin s 
 of supreme importance, while the lattef relates to th^ 
 more ordinary wants of our nature or circumsLces 
 From this flows the further difference, tha t^^^^ 
 involves a more decided superiority in h m who TZ 
 
 or an equal. The characteristic idea of petition is the 
 formal recognition of power or authority hi another of 
 jmi,er, earnestness, and submission in oneself. Ztre^ 
 involves a certain equality between the parties- Uist 
 request of an urgent character dictated by the VeelinV 
 and having reference to some specific act in the power^f 
 t^e other to perform, or, in some cases, to abstain from 
 i?69u..vMs a more simple and less formal expression Td 
 may come from a superior, an equal, or (with durrTspectI 
 from an inferior. The .nit is a^Y J, often p'oTo'S^ 
 for some favour towar<l one.self, and so is only made to 
 those who have it in their power to grant a favou ^ '^ 
 ,.ntle.nan pays his suit to a lady,' ^a coi^-L;"; I 
 
 prelude, n., something introductory ; preface, preliminary 
 oserture; something which indicates a coming event ^' 
 Syn. : preface, introduction, proem, prolusion. 
 Ant. : sequel, finish, conclusion, finale 
 
 eluded fn\o.?'.h^'^ f " P'^P^^'rry introduction is in- 
 clmled m both these terms: pre/ace is compounded of 
 ^«, before, and /an, to si>eak ; prelude, of «r,c before 
 and Indus, a game. In their common UBageZZ\^nc- 
 Uon IS preserved : a pryac, is made up of preVm nai^^ 
 
 . ^i-^^i^h^hiir;^^^^^^^^^^ n!;: jr?.qr[ r: 
 
 ment or^representation. Although a prelude I common^ 
 
 mi. 
 
 Ui 
 
If* 
 
 242 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLlhll WORU-BOOK. 
 
 used of conscious acts, as usheiing in otln'rs, and fubse- 
 qiH-nt aicts or events— as, in iMotiy, a brief introductory, 
 or. in music, a short ninsical flourish or voluntary phiyetl 
 
 before the coniuiencenient of the jtiece to be per.ornjed, 
 
 it is also, by an extension of meaning, sometimes used of 
 events abstractly, as indicating otliei-s to follow by lelation 
 or sequence ; as, ' the growling of thunder is a prelude to 
 the coming storm.' In newspaper English, we also some- 
 times read of 'the throwing of stonas and breaking of 
 windows as the jyrelude on the part of a mob to a general 
 riot' 
 
 pretence, n., a holding out to others something unreal or 
 feigned ; that which is assumed ; a feigned claim ; outside 
 show. See feign. 
 
 Syn. : pretext, excuse, pretension, mask, appeaiance. 
 
 Ant. : verity, reality, truth, cjindour, fact, openness. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "A pretence is a .how in act o- in words of 
 what has no real existence in oneself, a j us-. tifi cation of 
 one's conduct before others in some fictitious way, or a 
 fictitious assumption of what does not really belong to us. 
 It involves both the exhibition of something unreal, and 
 the concealment of something real." Prtienaion is the 
 holding out the appeaiance of right or possession; the 
 making claim to a thing, which we may o. may not'sub 
 stantiate; or, in its more common acee)»tation, exhibiting 
 attenipts to pass for more than one's real worth, an act of 
 impudent self-assei-tion. ^' Pntext is anything which is 
 put forward as the ostensible ground of action, and is re- 
 lative to something lying beyond it and Justified by it. 
 Pretext differs from toccnse as the assertoi- fronj the dis- 
 claimer." Excuae is mnw exj lanation or apology set forth 
 to justify one's conduct in the eyes of others. 
 
 priority, n., state of being first in time, place, or rank ; an 
 anterior point either of time or order. 
 
 Syn. : precedence, pre-eminence, preference. 
 
 Ant. : inferiority, subordination, sequence. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Priority denotes the abstract oualitv of 
 being before others ; irrecedencp, from pr(B 'and "cedo 
 signifies the state of going before : pre-eminence signifies 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 2i'A 
 
 the „.,, „, 'L. J:ra:i'r;.p;i j^; -r e z;.i- 
 
 privacy dur'-va-si or prrv'-fl-si^ « « ^i„ r 
 
 -treat, or i-eti.-einenf; the ^rinlfcol .^etr ' 
 Syn : retirement, seclusion, solitude, concealment. * 
 Ant. : publicity, currency, notoriety, expos.ire. 
 
 erse^sei trhll- ""'"''«"T'"^ "^ '^ ^^"' ^>"^ i" *li«''«-- 
 eni stnses. ^Seclusion m sought ; salihu/e may he iinnosp.! 
 
 r^ie inhubitHnts of a retired or out-of-the-wa/ villas- 
 be said to live in seclusion, hut hardly in solif JeKeZy 
 a person lives in prrvac^, in retirement, in seJl^I 
 Invucy IS opposed to publicity ; ret,re.nen is o,ls7d to 
 openness or freedom of access; sedation is the 'excess of 
 retir^men': he who lives in secltmon bai-s all acce^ to 
 himself; he shuts himself from the world.'' 
 proceeding, n., a process from one thing to another • a 
 measure or step taken in business ; a f^saction ' 
 
 byn dis. : - Proceeding signifi<.s literally the thintr that 
 
 proceeds ; and transaction the thing tra^^alted : the for e. 
 
 IS, therefore, of son.ething that is «oin.r forw rW l 
 atter of soniething that istlready doit '^e r^iLlt: 
 
 to the whole ;.roWm^ ,. we in.juire into thT Xle 
 
 transaction The term proceediru, is said of every Ivent 
 
 r;!".'^!^""^^ ^^-»^ ^-« f— i thr ugh the .tLencv of 
 hi... „u..^ac«t;«compr«f.e,ids only those matters which 
 
 sion . m this sense we may ush the word proceeding in 
 

 ( r 
 
 244 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 application to an affray in the street; and the woitl 
 transaction to some commercial negotiation that lias been 
 carried on between certain persons. Tlie term procee>liny 
 marks the manner or course of business; as when we 
 speak of the proceedings of or the procedure in a cou t of 
 law : transaction marks the business transacted ; as the 
 transactions on the Exchange. A proceeding may be 
 characterized as disgraceful ; a transwtion as iniquitous." 
 
 profession, n., any business or calling engaged in for sub- 
 sistence, not being mechanical, in tiade or in agrii ulture, 
 and the like ; the collnctive body of persons engaged in a 
 particular profession. *See avocation. 
 
 byn. : trade, business, calling, art. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Business is the most general, and com- 
 prises any exercise of km wledge or expe) ience for 
 purposes of gain. When learning or skill of a high order 
 is required, it is called a profession : when it consists of 
 buying and selling merchandise, it is a trade. When 
 there is a peculiar exercise of skill, it is called an art. 
 Those productions of human skill and genius more imme 
 diately addressed to the taste or the imagination — such as 
 painting, sculpture, engraving, music, etc., are called the 
 Jine arts. Those exercise an art who exchange skilled 
 labour for fame or for money; those a trade who ex- 
 change commodities for money ; those a profession who 
 exchange intellectual exertion or services for money." 
 The art of the painter lies in painting pictures ; it is the 
 trade of the picture-dealer to sell them. 
 
 promiscuous, adj.^ collected together without order or 
 distinction, as an assembly or meeting ; mingled, common, 
 not restricted ; indiscriminate. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Promiscuotts is api)lied to any number of 
 different objects mingled together ; indiscriminate is ap- 
 plied only to the action in which one does not discrim- 
 inate different objects : a multitude is termed promiscuous, 
 as characterizing the thing ; the use of different things for 
 the same purpop'^, or of the same things for different 
 purposes, is termed indiscriminate , as characterizing the 
 pel son : things become promiscuous by the want of design 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 they 
 
 245 
 
 ire ivdiacrimiiuite hy the fault of anv 
 one : punts of all descriptions are to be found ,rromi^. 
 ously situate I in the beds of a ^.u-den : it is folly tole^l 
 any charg. ..hscriminately against all the memtra of 
 any community or profession." 
 
 purpose, t;. to determine on some end or object to be 
 accomplished ; to resolve, to inte,.d, to propose 
 
 \r^I^A- "l'"; '' ." Y^ ^^P'"' *^** ^^"«h is near at hand oi 
 ir';: anV th^f""' about; we ;>.o;..e that which i^ 
 more distant : the former requires the setting befoi-e one's 
 mmd, the latter- requires deliberation and plan We 
 SrhT-^ *^"r ^^^^^ ^« ^«^«»- ^^'ink ^orth while 
 
 Tr^tir W^T"'^ importance to be lightly adopted 
 or rejected, We purpose to go to town on a certain day • 
 we propose to spend our time in a particular study/' ^' 
 
 ^^^Z't^^^pre^xr^' ^'^^^ ^ ^^"^'^ '^^^^^ ^ -- ^ 
 
 Syn. dis. : "Tl, re is," «ays Archdeacon Smith, "the 
 closest etymologic! ffimc;, between the words pi^ueZl 
 ^osecute, the forme; r..^..g to us. mediately, tCi^ ^ 
 French poursutvre ; Jie latter, directly, fiL the Lat^ 
 ;>ro«.^uj prosecutus, to follow out. ii applied to m^ 
 cesses of mental application, they differ very^C^^^^^^ Zt 
 pursue seems mther more to belong to general? J^o^^S^! 
 to spechc, investigations or undertakin^gs. si C c^ 
 
 Jli'S^T^^'^ ^""*^ """'« «*"^i*^« (iiSefinitely); but' 
 (definitely) to prosecute a particular line of inquii^." 
 
 qualified, adj., having a qualification; furnished with le-al 
 power or capacity ; fitted, limited, modified. ** 
 
 Syn. : competent, entitled, modified, limited. 
 
 Syn. dis. : A man is competent to a task when hiR 
 powers, either by training or by nature, have al least a 
 special aptitude for that task : a man is gualifiel foTlnot 
 a tfisk when he has not nnW fK^ «..* ,1 _ " ^?^ ^^?^ 
 
 ■ !^''S -J"-!-"^ n-«-.y to the due fulBlment ^f 
 the task. Qual,jKd has also the meaning of ' modified ' 
 
246 
 
 THE IIIUH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 m 
 
 IS :i 
 
 or 'limited/ as, ' -a qualijied statf^mcnt,' tJiat is, a stat*;- 
 Tiieiit wliieh is accompanied with some limitaMou or modi 
 tication that leswiiK its truth or f(.rcc. " KntUled denotes 
 ail assertive kind of q 'mlifi cation ; ihut is, is applied to 
 cases not only of fitntiss but of privilege, and denotes the 
 condition to claim witli success." 
 
 quote, '., to adduce from some author or spoak(»r, by way of 
 authority or illustration ; to citti the words of. 
 
 Syn. dis. : Archdeacon Sniilh thus discriminates in the 
 nse of th' words cite and qv )te : "To cite is literally to 
 call as a witness, and, in its literary sense, to call in the 
 words of another to help one's own : in this way it 
 becomes synonymous with quote. To cite, an author, and 
 to quote an author, have pnictically nearly the same 
 mr anin^ ; but we use the term cite when the mind dwells 
 primarily upon the matter imported ; quote, when we 
 think of the precise wordu To cite Shakespeare as an 
 authority, does not irnjdy so exact a reproduction of his 
 words as the term quote, for we may cite roughly, but we 
 are bound to qtiote exactly." {See cite.) 
 
 R. 
 
 rare, a y., occurring but seldom ; exceptional, precious; |)08- 
 sessing qualities seldom to be met with. 
 
 Syn. : scarce, singular, unusual, uncommon, unique. 
 
 Ant. : common, frequent, abundant, numerous, worth- 
 less. 
 
 Syn. dis. : ^^Rare is applied to matters of convenience 
 or luxury ; scarce, to matters of utility or necessity : that 
 which is rare becomes valuable, an<l fetches a high price ; 
 that which is scarce liecomes pi-ecious, and the loss of it is 
 seiiously felt. The best of every ihing is in its nature rare ; 
 there will never be a 8Uj)erfi nty of such things. What is 
 rare will often be simjnlar, and what is singular will 
 oft/cn, on that account, \m rare ; but these teriiis are not 
 necessarily apjdicid to the same object : fewness is the 
 idea common to lioth ; but rare u said of that of which 
 there might U? more : while giugiilar in iiimliod to th.it 
 
 whicl 
 
 I IS sit 
 
 jgie, 
 
 or Ilea* 
 
 SI 
 
 ngle, in its kiiul. Sc 
 
 applied only in the pro|MM' sense to physical ol.jec!^« 
 
 (tree is 
 
 rare 
 
SYNONYMS DIHCHIMINATED. 
 
 S47 
 
 and shifpdnr an^ applicaldo to nionil ohjpota. One Rpeaks 
 of a rare instance of HiUlity. of which limny like exanipl s 
 cannot be found ; of a singnlar nistaiK-e of de| ravity, when 
 a |tamllel case can smrcehj he foiin 1." Unique, is perhaps 
 the strongest word to indicate rnritii ; it denotes some- 
 thing unparaMeled, without an equal,' indeed, without an- 
 other of the same kind. 
 
 rate, w., a calcnhited proportion ; an assessment at a certain 
 proportion ; degree in which anything is done or vahied 
 as speed and price. ' 
 
 Syn. : ratio, proportion. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " /i'«/e and ratio ai-e m a sense species of 
 proportion: that is, they are supposed or est i mated ;m;^>,>r. 
 tionsyin distinction from jn-oport.oiiH that lie in the nature 
 of things. The tirst term, raUi, is emphned in ordinary 
 concerns: a i)erso-i receiv<'s a certain sum weekly at the 
 rate of a certain sum yearly : ratio is applied only to num- 
 bere and calcuhitions ; as two is to four, so is four to eight, 
 and eight to sixteen ; tho ratio in this case being ilouble : 
 proportiofi is employed in uuitteis of sci«'nce, and in all 
 cases where the two more specid terms are not admissi- 
 ble; the l)eauty of an edifice dep«mds upi.n observing the 
 doctrine of proportions ; in the disposing of soldiers a cer- 
 tain ifgard nmst be had to proportion in the height and 
 size of the men." 
 
 ravage, n., destruction by violentro or deony ; spoil, ruin 
 havoc, waste, ' 
 
 Syn. : desolation, devastation. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "/ilavo^e express<'s Irss than i^Whvv <l"»of at ion 
 or devastation : a breaking, tearing, or destroying is im 
 plied in the word ravatp' ; Imt desolation signifies the 
 , entire uni)eopling a land and devatttation the entire clear- 
 ing away of every vestige of cultivation. Torrents, flames, 
 and teni|)est8 ravmje ; war, pla<,'ue, and fatnine deaolate) 
 armies of Imrbarians, who inundate a country, carry deva- 
 station witii them wherever they go. Ix'araije is employed 
 ,;_*wia« in txie moral app!ii:.ition ; dfsof'aiinn luni deviwia- 
 tion only in th" pro|>er a|)plicati«)n to countries. Disease 
 makoB its ravaytH on beauty ; dwitli nuikes its ravages 
 
 \ i. 
 
248 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 among men in a more terrible degi-oe at one time than at 
 another." 
 
 ready, at//., set in order, prepared; quick, willing; furnished 
 with what is necessury ; not dull in intellect. 
 
 Syn. : apt, prompt, expert, skilful, compliant. 
 
 Ant. : tardy, slow, hesitating, reluctant, unprepared. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Ready is in general applied to tliat which 
 has been intentionally prepared for a given purpose • 
 promptness and aptness are species of readiness, which lie 
 in the personal endowments or disposition: hence we 
 speak of things being reoily for a journey ; persons being 
 apt to learn, or prompt to obey or to reply. lieoily, when 
 ajjplied to pei-sons, characterizes the talent ; as a ready 
 wit : apt characterizes their habits ; as apt to judge by 
 appeamnce, or apt to decide hastily ; jyrompt characterizes 
 more commonly the particular action, and denotes the 
 willingness of the agent, and the quickness with which 
 he p;rform8 the action ; as prompt in executing a com- 
 mand, or prompt to listen to what i«» said." 
 
 reasonable, a^//., endowed with or governed by reason* 
 moderate ; not excessive ; sane. ' 
 
 Syn. : rational, inteiiigent, judicious, sensible. 
 
 Ant. : absurd, fanciful, irrational, unsound, silly. 
 
 Syn. dia. : '« Beas'jnable signiHes accor«lant with reason • 
 rational signifies having reason : the former fs more com' 
 monly applied in the sense of right reason, propriety, or 
 fairness ; the latter is employed in the original sense of 
 the word reason : hence we terra a man reasonable who 
 acts according to the principles of right reason ; and a 
 being rational who is possessed of the rational or reason- 
 ing faculty, in distinction from the brutes." Orabb des- 
 pondently and somewhat quemlously i-emarks '* it is to be 
 lamented that there ai-e much fewer reasonable than thei-e 
 are rational creatures." 
 
 recognize, «., to know again; to recollwt or recover the 
 knowledge of; to admit with a formal acknowledgment. 
 K.yn. : aCanowle -e, avow, own, allow, identify. 
 Ant. : disown, disavow, ignore, overlook, repudiate. 
 
 «». 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 249 
 
 «». 
 
 
 Syn. dis. : '* To acknowledge is opposed to keening back 
 or concealing: it is to avow onvLowledge of W 
 h^owledge one's obligations for the kindness of othe'sTs 
 one's f^lT ""^ ^'""^-^ *^ '.^I^*'^«« "'«•» ^ *« «c/fc«ou,/./^. 
 
 Toth^^'' "'^ItyJ^^V''' ^"?'^ *^^* ^^ "- "^^ know^'n 
 r^Jlr*" 1 difference between acknowledge and 
 
 r«co^7w««, says Archdeacon Smith, « turns on the nrl 
 vious state of our own minds. W^ acknowledge tK 
 
 AnoM;/6./^« public : we recognize what we said at first it 
 TnJw Lr ^ indistinctly. That which we reclgnC'^l 
 know, as It were, anew, and admit it on the ground of 
 
 tjl^'T^ ^^^^^ '' ^""^- I^ acknowledge Ti^. 
 part knowledge; in recognizing we receive it.'' 
 
 recover, v., to revive, to rescue, to win back, to regain. 
 Syn. : retrieve, repair, recruit, repossess, i-egain. 
 Ant. : lose, forfeit, impair, relapse. 
 Syn. dis. : We recover advantages; we regain posses 
 W ' Jt r'T'* ^^^^ ' ^« ^•«^^"- injuries ,^ we leZl 
 
 we are said to recover what has been accidentallv lost 
 or lost from want of reflection or thought : to reS hat 
 the loss of wMch is more distinctly ch'^argiable ^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 a fault: a man mf,y recover by good luck ; but hlTetZZ 
 through his own exertions : he regains ei'ther throu!^ hS 
 own exertions or the exertions of others : a doctor „av 
 enable one to regain health, or we may do thatCsel % 
 by changing our mode of life. ^ 
 
 m ^^^jj^f^^^'^"' ^^^^^^ f PHnciple or practice; conformity 
 to tiuth, or to the rules prescribed for moral conduct 
 
 Syn : uprightness, justice, correctness, integrity, honesty. 
 
 Ant. : obliquity, crookedness, tortuousness, wrong. 
 
 Syn. dis. : Rectitude (Lat. recttis, right or straicht^ ii. 
 conformity U> the nile of right in principle and ^Se 
 uprtghtness is honesty combined with a native dignity of 
 character which makes for t.ue worth in a man We 
 
 «f *i '" "7 ' "^'"";'''' "* "*° jnagrue.it ; of the uprightness 
 of the mind or of the moral clmractor : the latter nfusU^ 
 something more than stmight, for it must be e"evat^ 
 
 i 
 
250 THB HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOKD-BOOK. 
 
 above everything mean or devious: thus njmghtmta 
 wou (1 seem to be the stronger, as it is the more familiar 
 word. 
 
 redress, n., the correction, amendment, remedying, or i-emoval 
 of wrongs, injury, or opjjression. 
 
 Syn. : reparation, compensation, succour, relief, amends. 
 
 Ant. : aggravate, intensify, wrong, reiterate, periK^tnate. 
 
 Syn. dis. : ''Redress is said only with regard to matters 
 of right and justice ; relief to those of kindness and hu- 
 manxty : by power we obtain reihess ; by active inter- 
 ference we obtain a relief: an injured pei-son looks for 
 redress to the government : an unfortunate person looks 
 for relief to the compassionate and kind : what we suffer 
 through the oppression or wickedness of others can be re- 
 dr^^sed only by those who have the j>ower of disj)en8ing 
 justice ; whenever we suffer, in the order of Providence, 
 we may meet with some reHpfixom those who ai-e more 
 favoured." 
 
 reluctant, adj., unwilling to do what one has or ought to do • 
 acting with hesitation or repugnance. ' 
 
 Syn. : averse, adverse, unwilling, loth, disinclined. 
 
 Ant. : ready, willing, eager, prompt, desirous. 
 
 Syn di., : "IMuckmt (re and hutari, to struggle) is a 
 term of tue will, which, as it wer(», struggles against the 
 deed, and relates always to questions of action. Averse 
 IS a term of the natui-e or disposition, and relates to ob 
 jects or to actions, as a matter, pretty much, of taste. It 
 indicales a settled sentiment of dislike, as reluctance is 
 specitic in i-egard to acts. Adverse denotes active oprosi- 
 tion and hostility, as a matter of judgment. The man 
 who is averse to a measure, only dislikes it, and may still 
 perhaps adopt it : lie who is adv^frse to it, thinks it his 
 bounden duty to do all he can to oppose and defeat it 
 Unwdling is the widest of all terms, and expresses ro 
 more than decided disinclination : it is, however, the 
 weakest term of all, and refers to actions only." 
 
 remainder, n., that which remains ; anything left over Rft,^r 
 a pnit has been taken away, lost,' or dohtroyod. Set 
 balance. 
 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 251 
 
 ••(He) wa«teB the «ad r.,naindrr of his honT^,"-Word.worlh. 
 
 Syn. : rest, lenmant, residue, surplus. 
 
 %n. dis. : " The remainder is the rent under certain con 
 chtions most commonly the smaller part J\^TTmTL 
 alter the greater part has been taken away it aZ 
 more a,>phcable to nu^ntal and moral, r Jf to , hynic 
 mattei^. He„..,nt has in iCself nu.ch the stn.e S" 
 but differs from u in the i„.pli.d process which Zc2^ 
 the leavln^^ which, in the case of remnant is that of us. 
 consumption, or waste. Kesidue is th^, In which ha 
 not been dis,.osed of; that is, either puipo ely oidttd ^ 
 tZt^::.^^'' bya previous'prLssTrrllr 
 
 repeat, v., to do or perform a second time or again • to re 
 Iterate ; to go over, say, do, make, etc., again. ' 
 
 Syn. : recite, rehearse, recapitulate. 
 
 Syn. dis.: "The idea of going over any words or 
 Hctions, IS common to all these terms: to TeLJet^rTe 
 and recajutulate ^v^ modes of rei>e.tiiion, con eV.W 2 
 some accessory idea. To recite is to rjp^a/ in' a fonnal 
 manner; to rehearse is to repeat or r.c«/bv way of re 
 paration ; to recatntulate is to rej>eal in a mtnute nd 
 specifac manner. W. repeat both Ltions and"- we 
 
 Ta s'e^^'ofT"''^ "' "^"'^ '^ "*^"'«' - r^Jan'ode! 
 or a set of verses : we repmt for pui'iioses of genera 
 
 ot othei-s : we rehearse for some specific puriK>se either 
 for the amusement or instruction of othe.-s : we ^eJaXi- 
 
 we wish to he heard ; we recite a piece of poetry before a 
 company; y^^ rehearse the piece in privatVwhfch we ar^ 
 going U, reeite in public ; we recapitulate the general heaZ 
 of that which we have already sVoken in deff 
 
 repetition, n., the act of relating, saying over or «4m«ro 
 ing; rei>eated words or acL; (in%heLfc) the^u nS'"; 
 relating o the same words, or of the meaning in iZn 
 woKi.:, for the puri)Oh*e of niRkinc, « ^....^.. :*.... ^'''^ 
 theaulienci^ * ' o - - -j ^. ««piussiou oii 
 
 Syn. : tautology, recitation, leheai-sal. 
 
2n2 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 W i 
 
 8yn. (Us. : " /Repetition is to tautology as the genus to 
 the 8|)ecies . the latter being as a species of vicious repeti 
 Hon. There may be frequent repetitions which are war- 
 ranted by necessity or Cfjnvenience ; but tautnloyy is that 
 which nowise adds to eiheJr the sense or the sound. A 
 repetition may, or may n )t, consist of literally the same 
 words J 'It tautoloijy supposes such a sameness in expres- 
 sion ac .mders the signification the same." 
 
 reprobate, t>., to express disapproval of with detestation or 
 marks of extreme dislik ;-, to condemn strongly. 
 
 Syn. : condemn, disiipfuove, denounce. 
 
 Ant. : sanction, commend, approve. 
 
 Syn. dis. : '' To reprobate is much stronger thaa to 
 condemn: we always condtmn when we repro'ate; but 
 not vice verad; to reprobate •. to condeom in strong «nd 
 foproachful language. We reprobate all me-vsure? which 
 t^nd to sow discord in society, md to lu sen th/a tf« s b? 
 wluch men are bound to each other; we ccndenm ail 
 disrcapoctfi^ I uguagc towards parents or suptnors : we 
 reprobate oi.rr the thisig ; we co>idemn also the person." 
 
 retorfc, n., a mv-iv^ n'.ply or repartee; the retnrn of an 
 argument, UnivJ--, or iiscivility ; a censure, niunt, or 
 
 inciviijfy roti?rned. 
 
 "He sent luto word, if I said his beard was not out WfH, he was 
 m the mind ii wa« : this is called the retort courteoui. * -<SAa/te- 
 epeare, ' As you like it," Act v., so. 4. 
 
 "' A tnan renowned for repartee, 
 Will seldom scruple to make free 
 With friendship's finest feeling."— Cow/w. 
 
 Syn. dis. : Archdeacon Smith, in distinguishing be- 
 tween retort and repartee, says " that repartee is a far less 
 gmve word than retort, being restricted to meaning a 
 sharp, ready, and witty i-eply ; while retort is applied to 
 matters more ewirnest, as arguments, accusations, and the 
 like. In repartee there is more of wit ; in retort there is 
 more of logic. Repanee throws back a joke upon the 
 joker ; retort throws back the views of an arsument uiinn 
 the arguer. It is plain that the same thing may ofton be 
 called a repartee or a retort. Many a serious thing is said 
 
 ■"^ 
 
SYNONYMS DI8CK1MINATBD. 
 
 253 
 
 in jest: a repartee which veils argument under wit is u 
 retort, and of a very effective kind. 
 
 retrospect, n., a looking back on things i>ast; a contempla- 
 tion or review of the past ; a survey. 
 
 •' Short as in retrospect the journey aeema."~Cowper. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " A retrospect is always tiiken of that which 
 IS past and distant ; a review may be taken of that which 
 IS present and before us ; ever\ retrospect is a species of 
 review, but not every review i^, a retrospect. We take a 
 retrospect of our past life in order to draw salutary 
 reflections from all chat we have done and suflfered ; we 
 take a review of any particular circumstance which is 
 passing before us in order to regulate our present conduct 
 Ihe retrospect goes farther by virtue of the mind's power 
 to reflect on itself, and to recall all past images to itself- 
 the review may go forward by the exercise of the senses on 
 external objects. The historian takes a retrospect of all 
 the events which have happened within a given period • 
 the journalist takes a review of all the events that are 
 passing within the time in which he is living." 
 
 ridicule, n., words or actions intended to express contempt 
 and excite laughter; but of that kind which provokes 
 contemptuous laughter; derision, burlesque, banter 
 raillery. ' 
 
 " Jane borrowed maxims from a doubting school. 
 
 And took for truth the test of ridicule : 
 
 Lucy saw no such virtue in a jest ; 
 
 Truth was with her of ridicule the teat."— Coufper. 
 Syn. dis. : " Ridicule is that s|)ecies of writing which 
 excites contempt with laughter, so differing from bur- 
 lesque (which see), may excite laughter without contempt." 
 Archdeacon Smith remarks, in discriminating between 
 ridicule and derision, that, "as common laughter may 
 be either sympathetic or hostile- that is, we may laugh 
 with othei-s, or iaugh at them— so ridicule and derisi^m 
 are always hostile; but riilicule is the lighter term of the 
 two. Rvfimle indicates a merry, gootl-humoured hostil- 
 ity ; derision is ill-humoured and scornful : it is anger we 
 ariiig tli.5 iiiask of ridicule, and adopting the sound of 
 laughter. We ridicule what ofl'ends our taste; we deride 
 what seems to merit our acorn." 
 
 m 
 n 
 
254 
 
 tuj: high school knglif.h wokd hook. 
 
 rustic, «<//., of or pertaining to tlic country; rural, rude 
 rough, course ; not costly or showy ; simple. 
 
 Syn. dis. : '« Rural is employed of the country, or of 
 matters belonging to it, as distinguished from man, or 
 from towns, and is so associated with the pleasant things 
 of Nature. Rustic is applied to the pei-sons or conditions 
 of men in refei-ence to simplicity or rudeiK'ss of mannei-s. 
 Etvmologically it is opiwsed to such words as civH, 
 urbane, denoting Uie refinement of cities. A rural abode 
 means one pleasantly situated in the countiy ; a runtic 
 abode, one wanting in elegance. We, however, me the 
 tt;rm rustic in reference to certain styles of construction, 
 in which thei-e is an affectation of rudeness combined with 
 real elegance; as an elegant country retreat built in a 
 rustic style of architecture ; that is, with stone or 
 wood which shall wear an appearance of undesigned 
 irregularity." 
 
 scruple, v., to doijbt or hesitate about one's actions or 
 decisions; to hesitate to do something; to question the 
 correctness or propriety of ; to hesitate, to waver. 
 
 Syn. dis. : *' To scruple simply keeps us from deciding; 
 the terms hedtntion and wavering bespeak a fluctuating 
 or variable state of the mind : we scruple simj»ly from 
 motives of doubt as to the propriety of a thing : wo 
 hexitdte and waver from various motives, particularly such 
 as affect our interests. Conscience produces scruples, fear 
 pro<luce8 h sitation, irresolution produces wavering : a 
 person scrujjles to do an action which may hurt his neigh 
 hour or offend his Maker; he hesitates to do a thing 
 which he fcara may not prove advantageous to him ; he 
 wavers in his mind Iwtwixt going or staying, according as 
 his inclinations impel him to the one or the other." 
 
 secondary, <*<//., succeeding next in order to the fii-st; second 
 in place, origin, rank, value, importance, or the like. 
 Syn. : second, inferior, subordinate. 
 
 of secondary in«portance, which is ojiposed to that which 
 holds the first rank. Secmtdary and ir^'erior l>oth desig- 
 
8YNONYM8 DISCRIMINATKD, 
 
 255 
 
 nate some lower degree of a q.utlitv ; but secondary is 
 applied on I J to the importance or value of tliin^M in- 
 ferxirr im applied genei-ally to all qualities : a man of 
 business reckons everything as semmlary which does not 
 forward the object he has in view ; men of iuferiiyr aV.ili- 
 ties are disqnaliHed by nature for high and important 
 stjitions, although they may Iw more fitt^nl for lower 
 sfcitions than are men of greater talents." Subordinate is 
 said mainly of the station and office : we 8|>eak of a sub- 
 ordinate yoHxtxon, capacity, sphere; but we also Ppeak of 
 a subordinate consideration, that is, one which is inferior 
 to the hi-st or prime consideration, and which usually 
 makes place for the latter." 
 
 sedulous, adj., assiduous and diligent in application or pur- 
 suit ; constant, steady, and pei-severing in tlie endeavour 
 to effect an object. 
 
 Syn. : diligent, assiduous, industrious, unremitting. 
 
 Ant : idle, un persevering, lazy, inactive. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "The idea of application is expressed by 
 both these epithets, but seduiwis is a particular, dUigent 
 IS a giuieral term : one is aedutona by habit ; one is diligent 
 either habitually or occasionally : a sedulous scholar pur 
 sues his studies with a regular and close application : a 
 scholar may be diliijent at a certain peiiod, though not 
 always so. Sedulity seems to mark the very essential 
 property of application, that is, adhering closely to an 
 object ; but ddigence expresses one's attachment to a thin.r 
 as evinced by an eager pursuit of it : the former, there! 
 fore, bespeaks the steadiness of the character : the lattt^r 
 merely the turn of one's inclination : one is sedulous from 
 a conviction of the importance of the thing : one may be 
 dtliyent by Hts and starts, according to the humour cjf 
 the moment." 
 
 self-willed, a-//, governed by one's own will; not acoom 
 mmiating or compliant; obstinate. 
 •• For I was wayward, bold and wild, 
 
 A seif-wilVd imp, a grandame's child. "Scott's Atarmion. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Self-concnt is v. vicious habit of the mind 
 which 18 superinduced on the original charactiu- : it in 
 
266 
 
 TDK HIGH SCHOOL ENQLISH WORUnoOK. 
 
 11 i 
 
 liii 
 
 that which <l«-teniMne8 in nmttere of jtidginent : a gf'J 
 willed person thinks little of right or wrong : whatever the 
 impulse of the ujoment .suggests, is the motive to action : 
 the 8el/-conceite<f i)erson is usually much conceined about 
 right and wrong, hut it is only that which he conceives to 
 be right and wrong ; aelf-suffiv.imcy is a species of sel/conr 
 cett applied to action : as a sef/canreited person thinks of 
 no opinion but his own : a aelf-snfficient person refuses the 
 assistance of everyone in whatever he is culled upon to do." 
 
 sensible, adj., capable iiifrvtk.n; having' the capucitj of 
 
 receiving impreF ^»ug imm jxternal obj.^cts ; having the 
 power or capacity of perceiving by the senses. 
 
 Syn. : sensitivs", sentient, susceptible, impressible. 
 
 Ant. : coai>it', insensible, inajipreciable, unirapressible. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "All these epithe* ' viously a great 
 
 sanienea^ of meaning, though not of application. Semibk 
 and amntive both denote the capacity of being moved to 
 feeling : s^mtierU implies the very act of feeling. Semifde 
 expressed either a habit of the body and mind, or only a 
 particular stAte referring to some particular object : a 
 pers( n may be sensible of things in general, or senHble of 
 cold, nensible of injuries, aensible of the kindness which he 
 has received from an individual. SenaUire signifies 
 always an habitual or permanent quality; it is the char- 
 acteristic of objects; a aemitiop creature implies one 
 whose sense is by distinction quickly to be acted n\wn : . 
 aemitive plant is a peculiar species of plants marked for 
 the pi-o|>erty of having aenae or being aettaible of the touch. 
 Sem%hle and at.i.dtive have always a reference to external 
 objects; but aentmrU expresses simply the possession of 
 feeling, or the power of feeling, and excludes lie idea of 
 the cause. Hence, the term mmibk and amaitim are 
 applied only to persons or oorp/iieal objeoti* , but amtient 
 18 likewise applies hie to spirits aentienf beings may 
 include angels as Wi as Uien." 
 
 sentimental, adj., liable to be moved or swayed by senti- 
 ment ; artificiaJlv or • fe iedly tend •; rosuai v.c. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "The aentimental person is i.me of exroLsiva 
 Bfmsibility, or who imports mei-e sent uient into matt«ra 
 worthy of more vigorous thcaghf. The rorna >tic (Old Fr 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 357 
 
 t,iVHtin« of inaive 8 an J 1 lan^uugo. g«nemljy 
 
 The J./.. j.«/X :2 irrfrrnr'**^*^.""^^'"'^^" 
 
 fi.^ „ ^. . "'t'Hi'M-i 18 soit and sometimes sioklv • 
 
 the rummUtc is apt to ho extmva-ant an.l wild." ^ ' 
 
 series, n a continn.d su.eessu.n of simihir or relat^'d thin^^s • 
 Hi. exu..ided order, line, or course; a succoJar ^ ' 
 
 Byn. : sequence, succession, course. 
 
 Syn dia: *^ Series .Icnotes a number of in.lividn-ils or 
 units s andmg ,„ order or following in suc^sioi <S 
 gnence (Ut se^uerUia, se^ui, to follow), d«"io^s o7necl 
 HI y a moving series or the quality of it, n which Z 
 which folows does so by virtue of that whi^h wl rtfoi^' 
 ^J^uence is sucr.ssion by a regular fo,x.e or law \sW- 
 
 r;U";LL7n' '/: r'l^' i»te-onnection. ^^Z^t 
 to uie throne ii England is according to rule or law • o,. 
 the other hand, .sucr^.^n of misfortunes may be ^71^ 
 such common rule or . ause. Series in.plies of necl^i v 
 numlK.r more than two; sequence and Lc..2 Zy ^ 
 note no more than one thing following upon anoZ^» 
 •l»U. ^,. "one of the two signs employe.! to express futurity 
 unU iH^ing the other ; in the m-st i^rson s/Jl sin.ply fo ^: 
 tells or declares ; m the seond peraon (shaltTaLZ 
 third i^i-son ./u*//, it promises or expresses determination 
 interrogatively sh<dl either asks for permiS or fo^ 
 direction; shall, like unU, j,art from its cZr TnJ^ 
 uniformly uenotes futurity : .Wrf. p^.. as an .xTa^' 
 ex resses a conditional pi^ent. a contingent futu^ un^d 
 ^ .tic^i or duty," Stor.n.,Uh. ^'ef Seath's ifi^h 
 SchuoK .-ammar pp. 226-231, and McElroy's 'sLcture 
 of English Pi ose," pp. 108 110. owucmre 
 
 sicknetiS, n., state of being in bad health; a diaeaae a 
 malady ; any diaord. ,od state. See dise^ ^^' 
 
 Syn. : illness, ailm^nit, indisposition. 
 Sya. dis.; -Sickn 8s denotes the ntate generally or 
 par(i.«l.rly; t//,^, denotes U particularly : ^wes^ed. of 
 
258 
 
 TUE IllUli MCUUOL ENQLIHIl WOKD-BUUK. 
 
 1^ ■ 
 
 1 i 
 
 sickness us opposed to good liealth ; in sickness or in 
 health ; but ol the ihueHs of a particular {)ei'8on : when 
 sickness is 8iiid of the individual, it designates a pi*otracte.i 
 state ; a pernon may be said to have much sichwss in his 
 Ainiily. Illness denotes only a particular or partial sick- 
 ness : a pei-son is said to have had an i/lness at this or that 
 time, in this or that place, for this or that period. 
 Indisposition is a slight ailment, such an one as is capable 
 of demnging him either in his enjoyments or in his 
 business ; colds are the ordinary causes of imlisposiiion* 
 
 signal, adj.y distinguished from what is ordinary; remark- 
 able, memorable, notabhi, conspicuoua 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Signu, and memorable both expreira the 
 idea of extmordinary, or being distinguished from ever> - 
 thing : whate\ s'r is svjncU deserves to l)e stamped on the 
 mind, and to serve as a sign of some i)roperty or charac- 
 teristic : wh itever is memorable imprebses itself upon the 
 memory, ana refuses to be forgotten : the former applies 
 to the moral character ; the latter to events and times." 
 Signal is used of events in regard both to their moral and 
 their historical value oi importance. We say a signal 
 deliverance, signal bravery, a signtd instance of Divine 
 favour or displeasure ; a memorable event, a memorable 
 exploit, a memorable deed, an act memorable in the annals 
 of the nation. 
 
 signify, v., to express or declare by a token ; to have or con- 
 tain a certain sense ; to imply, to have consequence. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " The terms signify anti imply may be em- 
 ployed either as respects actions or words. In the first 
 case signify is the act of the person making known by 
 means of a sign, as we signify our appiobation by a look : 
 imply marks the value or force of the action ; our assent 
 is implied in our silence. When applied to words or 
 marks, signify denotes the ixwitive or established act of 
 the thing; imply is the relative act: a woi-d signifies 
 whatever it is made literally to stand for ; it implies that 
 which it stands for figuratively or momlly. It fi-equently 
 happens that words which signify nothing jmrticular in 
 themBoIvea may be made to imply a great deal by the 
 tone, the manner, and the connection." 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 259 
 
 .'Igmflcant, adj., expi .ssingsomo fact or pvon* • f -ui x 
 
 Sy.. : e=c,„^i„e. indicative, snggeBtive, symbolical. 
 Ant : .nex,.rBs8.ve, meaningic™, un,,>,lic«tive. mute 
 
 w^h forcibly -hows^xpre^ion '::;«„,,t^'^-;c:r 
 
 X.„f "»/";«'"'« pountcnanco nianif'st, clearly suZ 
 /we«Mw 18 restricted to looks and wo,.,l« f ''^*' 
 
 m>an^ of a liberal ^Hcy - ' ' "'^ * ""^"'"^ ^« «^- 
 
 Simile, n., a common fiffuro of .si>e«>^h in «,i,;„i. x . . 
 which have «>me strong pointTr 'hl^f ° n '"S" 
 are coinimrod • » .wfi.. • ° '" '*" "' "'"emblance 
 likenZ.' ' '^"" ""' ■»»8"""ive com,«rison. See 
 
 8yn. : similitude com|«ri»n, likeness, resemblance. 
 
 «o«, but not '^^eryZPtonTrZt tiTiZ- 
 comi^e. things only as CI they a™ Xe bu tt 
 
 J^rmanrthe!: '^ ^t^^T' ^J<^^ 
 thing, and small. althoTgbVe^'r r^o g^^^^^^t^ 
 
 *°'"^:iet^'. S^'to tlT'.r''"^ ' ■'''"'"« '^ ">» «vmg in 
 society or to the public as an aggregate bodv • n^i, tT 
 
 mix in friendly convei'se, * ^ ' ^^ " 
 
 Syn. : sociable, companionable, agreeahle, genial 
 Ant. : churlish, solitary, unconvei-sible, morose. 
 
260 
 
 TIIK HIGH SCHOOL RNOLI8H WORD-nOOK. 
 
 \tl 
 
 VJ 
 
 IM 
 
 1;. I 
 
 Syn. (Uh. : « Social (from sociua a coiniuinioii), sigiijfies 
 belonging oi alli(«l to h companion, having the disposition 
 of a companion ; nociable, from tlie sjime, signifies able or 
 fit to be a companion ; tho fprmer is an active, the latter 
 a passive quality: social people seek others; aociuble 
 people are sought for by others. It is possible for a man 
 to l;e social and not oociable ; to be aociahU and not social: 
 he who dmws his pleiisures from society without commu- 
 nicating his share to the common stock of enU^rtjiinment 
 is social but not sociable ; men of a taciturn disposition 
 ai-e often in this case : they receive more than they give : 
 he on the contmry who has talents to please company, 
 but not the inclination to go into company, may be 
 tociiihU but is seldom social. Social and ^ociabU are 
 likewise applicable to things, with a similar distinction ; 
 social mtercoui-se is that intercourse which men have 
 together lor the puri)ose8 of society ; social plejwunw ar- 
 what they enjoy by associating together." 
 
 solicitation, w., the act of soliciting ; an earnest request • 
 endeavour to inlluenco to grant something. ' 
 
 Syn. : importunity, entrejity, urgency. 
 
 Syn. dis. : Solicitation is genci-al ; ivifwrtunity ia par- 
 ticular : it is importunate or tioublesome solicitation 
 Solicitation is itwslf indeed that which gives trouble to a 
 certain oxt<?nt, but it is not always unrmsonable : there- 
 may \m caseji in which wo may yield to the solidtatiotM of 
 friends to do that which we have no objection to bo 
 obliged to do : but importu ity is that solicitation which 
 never cetuics to apply for that which it is not agreeable to 
 give. Wo may sometimes \h) urgent in our solicitatiims 
 of a frien<l to accept some proffoiv.! honour ; the soliciUi- 
 t%on, however, in this case, although it may even be 
 troublesome, yet it is sweetened by the motive of the 
 actkon : the importunity of beggiiis is often a public means 
 of extorting money from the passer-by." 
 
 special, adj., jiertaining to something distinct or having a 
 distinctive character ; dim-ring from otlmi-s ; designed for 
 a particular pur|M)Nc or occasion. 
 
 Syn. : sjjecitic, jmrticular, «li8tinctive, |Hjculiar. 
 
 Ant. : goneml, universal, common, generic. 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 16] 
 
 I 
 
 Syn (lis : The sf>ecxal is that which con.os iindor tlie 
 general ; tlie paittculwr ia that which comes under the 
 nmcial: hence we speak of a ipeeml rule; hut a pcirticu. 
 Car case. I articular and specijic are both applied to the 
 pro,»ert.e8 of individuals ; but particular is' Lid of the 
 contingent circumstances of things, specific of their 
 
 in Zf J Tr'T I "'"'^ ?'**"' *^^ Homething particuUr 
 m Itself different from others, it is either longer or 
 shorter weaker or stronger: but ite specijic property is 
 that which It has m common with its species - p<lrlicnaar 
 IS, therefore, the term adapted to loose discourse : Bpecidc 
 18 a scientihc t^,rm which describes things minutely The 
 same may be said of particularize and specify : we par- 
 ticul<irne for the sake of information ; we sp^/y for the 
 sake of instruction: in describing a man'r,;eLn and 
 di-c'ss we parttcu^rtze if we mention everything singly 
 which «tn be mud upon it ; in delineating a plan it L 
 necess^iry to specify time, place, distance, materials, and 
 everything elm which may be connected with the carrvinif 
 It into execution." ^ *^ 
 
 spontaneously, adv., the state or quality of acting of one's 
 own aocoi-d and without compulsion ; or of acting from 
 the impulse or energy inherent, in a thing. 
 
 Syn. : willingly, voluntarily, in a self-generated self- 
 originated, or solf-evolved manner. ' 
 
 Syn. dis. : « To do a thing vnUifUfly is to do it with a 
 good will ; .o do a thing voluntarily is to do it of one's 
 own acconi : the former rea|>ects one's wiUhujness to com- 
 ply with the wishes of another ; we do what is asked of 
 us, It 18 a mark of good-nature : the latter i^esiHicts our 
 reetlom from foreign influence ; we do that which w«, 
 Ike to do ; It IS a mark of our sincerity. SponUtmously 
 is but a mode of the volnnUmj, applied, however, more 
 commonly to inanimate objects than to the will of persons • 
 ,the gi-ound prmluees spontaueously when it pro^lucen with- 
 out culture ; and words How sjmntumouHly which requiiti 
 no eflort on the imrt of the s|M»aker to prtxluce them If 
 however, applie.1 to the will, it l«Hp,«*k8 in a stromm; 
 ucgnn; cne tol»liy unbitiaed state of the agent's mind: 
 the spontaminis effusicuH of the heart are more than the 
 VidwUary service* of benevolence. The wiUiuj^ u opposed 
 
 I i 
 
262 TIIK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOKI) HOOK. 
 
 to the untoitling, the voluntary/ to tho mechanical nv in- 
 voluntary, the aporUaneoua to the ruluctuiit or the nrti 
 ficial. ' 
 
 spread, v., to diffuse, (liaijorsef, scatter, ov extend ; to put 
 forth, to publish, as news or fame ; to cause to be more 
 extensively known. 
 
 Syn. : circulate, disseminate, propagate, publish. 
 Ant. : 8U[>pre88, secrete, conceal, confine, contract 
 Syn. dis. : " To spread \h said of any object, mat<5rial 
 or spiritual ; the rest uro mostly employed in the moral 
 ap[)hc.ition. To spread is to extend to an indefinite 
 width ; to circvZate is to spread within a circle ; thus 
 news sjtrends through a country ; but a story drcukUes in 
 a village, or from house to house, or a report is circulated 
 in a neighbourhood. Spread and circulate are the acta of 
 IMJi-sons or things ; propagate and disseminate are the acts 
 of |»or»K)ns only. The thing spreads and circulates, or it 
 is si)reud and circulated by some one ; it is always propa- 
 gated end disseminated by some one. Propagate end 
 dissemvnate are here figumtively employed as modes of 
 Hpr,Hidi',tg, according t^ the natural operations of increasing 
 the quantity of anything which is implied in the firat two 
 terms. What is jwopof^aieci is supjKjsed to generate new 
 subjects ; »i8 when dootrinea, either good or bad, are pro- 
 pagated among the i>eople so as to mt ko them converts : 
 what IS disseminated is supixmod to be sown in different 
 parts ; thus principles are disseminated among youth." 
 
 standard, n., that which is established by com|K)tent autho- 
 rity as a rule or measure of quantity ; that which is 
 establishcMl as a rule or mo<lel by nublic opinion, custom, 
 or general consent; that which serves as a test or 
 nu«usure (as * a standard of morality or of taste '). 
 
 Syn. : criterion, test, measure, gauge, scale, model. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " The criterion is employed only in matters 
 of judgment ; the standard is ust'd in the oixlinary ccm- 
 cerns of life. The former serves for determining the 
 cha»-m^t<Mn< and qualiti.s of things ; the latti^r for detjni»<» 
 quantity and measui-e. The language ai d manm m of a 
 iwrson aiv • lie liest eriterion for forming uu «»timate of 
 
MYNONYM8 DISnuiMINATED. 
 
 263 
 
 hi8 Btation and education. In oicJor to pioduoo a uni- 
 tormity m the mercantile tmnwactions of mankind one 
 with another, it is the custom of (Jovernment to Hx a 
 certam atatidard for tJie regulation of coins, weiirhts, and 
 niea«ures. The word starulnni may likewise 1k) used 
 tiguratively m the same sense. We employ a stand ml 
 to demonstrate the degree of excellence which a thin^ 
 may have reached: we use a <yriteHon as somethiuL' 
 estahhshed and approved, by whicl. facts, principles, or 
 a«t8 are tried, in order to a correct judgment re8i>ecting 
 thorn A test is a trial or critHrion of the most decisive 
 kind, by whicii the internal pro|KMties of things or Dersons 
 are tried and proved." 
 
 Stress, n fortje exerted in any direction or manner on bodies ; 
 weight or importance laid on some special subject (as to 
 lay stress on some point in argument); accent, or empha- 
 sis; pressure. 
 
 8yn. : strain, emphasis, accent, 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Stress is applicable to all bodies, the powers 
 of which may be tried by exertion ; as the stress uiwn a 
 rope u|K)n the shaft of a carriage, a wheel oi- spring in a 
 machine; the strain is an excessive str.ss, by which a 
 tiling is thrown out of its course : there may be a strain 
 m moat cases whert* thes-e is a stress. Stress and strain 
 are to be comiwred with emphasis and accent, particularly 
 in the exertion of the voice, in which case the stre.^'M is a 
 strong and spt-cial exertion of the voice, on one word, or 
 one part of a word, so »w to distinguish it from another ; 
 but the strain is the undue exertion of the voice lieyond 
 ita unusual pitch, in the utterance of one or morH wortls. 
 The alress may consist in an elevation of voice, or a i.ro- 
 longed utteiiince ; the emphams is that siM'oies of ^itresa 
 which 18 employed U) diHtingui«h nue wor^l or syllaMo 
 from another : the stress nuiy Ih) accidental ; but the em- 
 phasis is an int««jtion»l sir»ss. " 
 
 subject, v., to bring under ; to aulxiue ; t«» ex|»OBe ; to make 
 iiM.bln ii\ Auiitut ti\ tmtXixwta... ,..12 t:..i.i.. /*.. .. 
 
 and inherent ciuses ; expostid 
 Syn : liable, exjMjiied, ubnoxioUN. 
 
 m 
 
 li 
 
i 
 H I 
 
 n I 
 
 264 TUE lllUli SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Syn. dk : (oc?/.) "All these terms are applied to those 
 circumstHuces in hum.in life bv which wt- are affected in- 
 dei^ndently of our own choice Direct nocossity is in- 
 diided in the term mhject : whatever we are obliged to 
 suffer, that we are mbject to ; we may apply i-eraedies to 
 remove the evil, but often in vain ; liable conveys more 
 the idea of casualties ; we may suffer that which we are 
 liable to, but we may also escape, the evil if we are care- 
 tul ; expoaed conveys the idea of a passive state into which 
 we may be brought oither through our own means or 
 through the instrumentality of othc.i-s : we are e^vposed to 
 that which we are not in a condition to keep off from our- 
 selves ; It IS frecpiently not in our power to guard against 
 the evil ; obnoxious conveys the idea of a state into which 
 we have alto;(ethor brought ourselves; we may avoid 
 oringmg oui-selves into the state, but wo cannot avoid the 
 consequences." 
 
 T. 
 
 tiilkative, m^., apt to engage in conversation ; freely com- 
 municative , chatty; convei*siblo. 
 
 Syn. : loquacious, garrulous, chattering. 
 
 Ant. : taciturn, silent, uncommunicative, reserve*!. 
 
 ^ 8yn.dia.: "These wiproachful epithets differ principallv 
 m the degree. To talk is allowable, and consequently it is 
 not altogether so unW-omiug to be occasionally /alkntioe • 
 but loqnacty, which implie« always an immotlerate pit> 
 ymxmty to talk, is always bad, whether springing from 
 affectation or an idle tem|Hjr : and garrutity, which arises 
 from the excessive desire of communicating, is a failing 
 that 18 tmrdonable only in the aged, who have generallv 
 much to tell." ® ^ 
 
 taste, n., a particular sensation excited by certain bo<lie8 
 when applied to the tongue, palate, etc., and moistened 
 with sahva; the sense by which we ixjroeive this by 
 means of special organs in the mouth. 
 
 Syn. : relish, tlavour, savour. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " TmUi is the most general and indefinitfl of 
 mi t,«e«e; id is applicable to every object that can l)e 
 appUrnl to the oigaii of Uutte, and to tntuy dogwje and 
 
 t< 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 265 
 
 manner m which the organ can be affected : some thin«8 
 are tanteless, other things have a strong tmU, and othere a 
 mixed t(MU. The flavour is the predominating taste, and 
 consequently is applied to such objects as may have a 
 diffei-ent kmd or degree of taste ; the fl,x^(mT is commonly 
 said of that which is good, as a fine fl,tv(mr, a delicious 
 flavour; but it may designate that which is not always 
 agreeable, aa the flavour of fish, which is unpleasant in 
 things that do not admit of such a taste. The relish is 
 also a particular t<isU ; but it is that which is artificial in 
 distinction from the ^wwr, which may be the natu'ral 
 property. These terms are ahio used to denote the 
 taculty of discerning bejiuty, pro|)ortion, symmetry or 
 whatever constitutes excellence, particularly in the tine 
 arts and literature; in other words, intellectual relish or 
 discernment. 
 
 temporary arf/, lasting for a time only ; existing or continu- 
 ing for a limited time ; provisional. 
 
 8yn. : transient, transitory, fleeting. 
 
 Ant. : f)erpetual, lasting, |)ermanent, confirmed. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " 7;em;,(>rary, (from temfus time), character- 
 izes tliat which IS intended to last only for a time, in dis- 
 tmction from that which is permammt " : a scaflbldinir is 
 temporary which is erected to give aid in the buildinjr of a 
 pBrmauent structure. '« Transient, that is, passing, or in 
 the act of passing, characterizes what in its nature exists 
 only for the moment : a glance is tr (.nsierU. Transitory 
 that IS, apt to piiss away, characterizes everything in tlul 
 world which is formed only to exist for a time, ami then 
 to irass away ; thus our plawures, and our pains, and our 
 very b«nng, are denominated tramitory. Fleeting, which 
 IS derive,! fmm the verb to fly and flight, is but a 
 stronger U^rm to express the same idea as transitory." 
 
 tenacious, fulj., having gw^at coh.wive force or adherinir 
 
 jH>wer among the constituent p.u ticlm ; holding fast • apt 
 
 to retain long what is oommitttd to it (as, 'a ten^tcious 
 memory ), x . «^ 
 
 8yii. : jwrtinjiciojs, i-etentive, adhesive, obstinate. 
 
 Aut. : pli'^ ; t. v«lding, inadhesive, irititeuti 
 
 ve. 
 

 n 
 
 26« THK HIGH 8CIH>()L KN<JLIHH WO II D HOOK. 
 
 Syn. (iiB. : " To Ihj tenacious is to hold a thing clow, to 
 let It go with rolucUince : to l»e perlirutcious ia to hold it 
 out in spite of what «ui lie advanced against it, the mv- 
 positive syHabe per having an intensive force. A man 
 of & tenacious temiKT inhistH on trifles that are supiKMiwi 
 to attfct hi« importance ; a perlimwious temiKjr insists on 
 everything which is apt to afli'ct his opinion. Tenacity 
 and pertinacity ai-e both foil.los, but the former is some- 
 times more excusable than the latter. We may \m tena- 
 ciom of that which is goo<l, as when a man is tenacious of 
 whatever may artcct his honour; but we cannot b.j 
 perttnacxous in anything but our opinions, and that too 
 It may be, when they are least defonsible." Retentive is 
 having a sti-ong (lower of recollecting and the faculty of 
 remembering and recalling things, faces, events, etc. 
 
 tendency, n., an inclining or contributing influence; aptness 
 to take a certain course ; efli-ct of giving a certjiin bent oi- 
 direction; inclination. {Sue Iwnt.) 
 
 Syn. ; drift, scofie, aim, bias, |)"onen^8. 
 
 Ant. : disinclination, aversion, reluctance, opposition. 
 
 Syn. dis.: " Tendency, drift, scope, and aim, in g^^neml 
 all characteriae the thoughts of a |«a-8on looking forward 
 into futurity, and din^cting his actions to a coitain point 
 Hence we speak of the kndmuy of certjiin principles or 
 practises as Iwiing iKJrnicious or otherwise ; the drift of a 
 poi-son's discouiiie ; the scope which he gives himself either 
 m treating of a subje<it .>r in laying down a {)lun ; or a 
 |H>i-8on'B aim to excel, or aim to supplant another, and thu 
 like. The temlencyof n ost scientific writings for the last 
 five-and-twenty years has l.-een to unhinge the minds of 
 men : where a jxerson wants th«5 services of another whom 
 ho dare not ojwnly solicit, he will discover his wishes by 
 the drift of his (liscoui-se : a man of a comprehensive mind 
 will allow himself full scojm in digesting his plans for 
 every alteration which ciicunistancos may i-equire when 
 they cume to lie deve!o|HHl: our ilesiitw will naturally give 
 a cast to all our aims ; and so long as they aj-e but innocent, 
 they are nec^smiry to givtj a pro|)er stimulus to exertion." 
 
 thoughtful, <utj., full of thought, ixintemplative, meditative 
 mindful, lull of anxiety, solicitous. ' 
 
BTNONYMH DIBCKIMINATKI). 
 
 267 
 
 Syn. : coiiHidorate, d«'lil)ei-ate, regardful. 
 
 Ant. : heedlebs, carelesH, improvident, thoiightlefia. 
 
 Syn. dlH. : •' The thontjht/ul pemon conHidera every- 
 thing carefully, and acts with reflection in n^giird to the 
 circuiiiHtances of a case. The comtidernte jKjrson does th(5 
 same in reference to the relation l>orne to it by other 
 persons. We should lie thoughtful of particulars an<l 
 details, contiderate towards the feelings and iKJsition of 
 othore. There is reflection in thou^fhtftdneas ; antici|Mi- 
 tion, in considerat&neas. Cotmderatenesa may bf; |)08i- 
 tivo or negative, or, in other words, may show xm\i in 
 kindness or forbeanuice. Thnujhtfnlnegg of others is 
 conaiiierateneas." DeWterate may* Iw used either in a good 
 or in a bad sense : in the former, in speaking and ixoting 
 with due deliberation and without reckless haste or 
 impiitience; in the latter, by acting with deliberate malice 
 and a settled intention to do evil. 
 
 threat, «., a declaration of an intention to inflict punishment, 
 loss, or pain on another ; a menace. 
 
 "By turns put on the suppliant and the lord ; 
 Threatened one uiomont, and the next iinplor'd." 
 
 —PHor, 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Threat is of Saxon origin ; menace is of 
 TiJitin extraction. They do not differ in signification ; but, 
 as is frequently the case, the Saxon is the fannliar term,' 
 and the Latin word is employed only in the higher style. 
 Wo may be threatened with either small or gmit evils ; 
 but we are tnenaced only with great evila One individual 
 threatens to strike another ; a general menacee the enemy 
 with an attack. We are threaUmetl by things as well as 
 well as by persons ; we are menaced by jieiuons and by 
 **ora«? impending fate." 
 
 timely, »(;'., V>eing in good time; at the appropriate season ; 
 suitable, fit, projier |)eriotl ; seasonable. 
 
 Syn. dia : " Timely means in gootl time ; $maonal>ie, in 
 right time : timely aid is that which oomos l»efore it is too 
 lute ; d—irabU aid, that which meets the natui-e of the 
 
 << A 
 
 .1.. _ 
 
 m&M otherwise happen ; a seoHimabfAnntmuVA,. fails in 
 its effect, lNX!auiie it iM tteaimncdtk. The opposites of theae 
 
 ,%» 
 

 Hi 
 
 268 THE BIUII SCHOOL ENULIHH WOKD-UOOK. 
 
 terms are untimdj/ or ill-timed And unmuionfihU: untimdy 
 is indirectly opposed to iiindy, hignifying Ix^foi-e the time 
 appointed ; as an untimely tU^ath : but ill-timeil in directly 
 opiKwed, signifying in the wrong time; ^ an ill timed re- 
 mark." 
 
 time-serving, adj., obaequiously complying with the hu- 
 mours of men in power ; (a " time-server " is one who 
 m»inly and for stdfish ends adapts his opinion and man 
 ners to the times.) 
 
 Syn. : tem{)orizing, servile, trimming. 
 
 Ant : independent, unbending, high spirited. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Time-serviiu/ and tempoHziny ai-e l)oth ap- 
 plied to the conduct of one who adapts himself servilely 
 to the time and season ; but a time-server is rather active, 
 and a temporizer passive. A time-aerver avows those 
 opinions which will serve his purpose : the temporizer for- 
 iKjai-s to avow those which are likely for the time being to 
 hurt him. The former acts from a desii-e of gain, the lat- 
 ter from a fear of loss. Titne-servera are of all parties, as 
 they come in the way : temporizers are of no jmrty, as 
 occasion requii'es. Sycophant courtiers must always be 
 time-servers : ministers of state are fi-equontly temporizers. " 
 
 train, n., that which is drawn along behind , that jmrt of a 
 gown or robe which trails behind the wearer ; a succession 
 of connected things ; way or course of prw^edure ; regular 
 mothoii ; a mri&t ; a number or liody of folio wera or at 
 tendants, ete. 
 
 Syn. : procession, retinue, following. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "The fundamental idea of train is no moit* 
 than a continuation of connected things in moveuuint. 
 But we speak of trains of many things ; jis, • a train of 
 thought/ 'a hnin of ideas,' ete. It is in the jwu-sonal 
 sense that it is synonymous with retinne"—si term used 
 when we s[)eak of the attendants of a prince or other dis- 
 tinguish««l personage, in procession, or on a journey. **iie- 
 linue is apnlicable only te p»M-Hon8 : we may not s{)eak of 
 a retimm of carriages. 't\w idea of procession is that of a 
 number of {lersonH or conspicuouH objects, as carriiu/es, 
 iMniiem, ete., moving in ortler autl in line. The term is, 
 however, civil, not military. Hetinue strictly denote* 
 
■TNONYMS DI8CRIMINATRT>. 
 
 269 
 
 the ,c.t i.no,I or onya^^ud A.llowr,^. A princ, onUmng a 
 I>u ilie hall with hiH own retimie, uiif^ht be joined by the 
 authontJOH, who would fi.llow in hia train." 
 
 transact, v to mny through, |)ei-form, or conduct (businesH. 
 anau-g, etc.) ; to do, to manage, to coniplete. 
 
 Syn.: negotiate, treat, manage, conduct. 
 
 8yn. dia.: ^* Wo transact business genemlly : we n^no- 
 tiate a |.a.ticu ar businesH. No nioi-e is involve<I in tram 
 actton than the . . rfornmnco of a simple, or a con»plex 
 actic.u, by or with more than one pei-son." We may rLao- 
 tiate. a note, or have one -discounted," at our bankers or 
 we may nyoluUe a timty on behalf of our country, with 
 
 mr'*i" ''"''!•''• f ^"'^' ••"»*"««• i" *^« Corner, 
 that in the trannaction there is a due ocjuivalent given and 
 
 taken— a promiHe to i»ay for money now advanced— • in 
 
 the latter, at. adjustment of mutual interests. " Doinc 
 
 makes iranmction ; while deliUmtion is necessary for 
 
 yi^UotuiHon. lerms an<l a common basis have to be 
 
 formed in neyotiOtton, as well as a common end." 
 
 treatment, n. the act or manner of treating ; manner of 
 dealing with things; good or bad l>eh«viour towards 
 another; usage. 
 
 Syn dis. : " Treatment implies the act of treating, and 
 uscujethat of using : treaiu^nt may be partial or temiK)r. 
 aiy ; but mays is pi-o|>erly employed for thai, which is 
 permanent or continue.1 : a jMisser-by may meet with ill- 
 trmlHienl ; but childix-n, domestics, and those ,uibject to 
 us or m our employ, are liable to meet with iWumoe 
 All iMu-Hons may meet with treatnmU from others with 
 whom they casually come in contact ; but usaoe is api>lie«l 
 inore proper y to those who are more or less in the Liwer 
 ot others : childixm should receive gootl not ill-w^t- from 
 those who have the charge of them, servants Iv^, their 
 imisters, wives from their huslmnds, subordinates from 
 their superiors." 
 
 irick, n., a fmudulont contrivance for an evil purpose : a 
 i£r5.-u:s: of art; a sl«ight-uf- lumu iKJifoitaunu) : a frolic a 
 pmnk. ' "wu,, a 
 
 Hyn. : artiHce, stratagem, subterfu^. 
 
w 
 
 I i 
 
 
 270 TIIK HIOH HCIIOOL ENOi H WORD noOK. 
 
 Syn. .lis. : "Of tlicHe UnuiH triak in th« HiinpIeHt and 
 most M.'«H.nc, ihe last l.t'lng m.^lifJcHtionn of this fumia- 
 niontal and simple idea. 1'rick coimnonly involves 
 deception for self-iuteiest : an artijice in an elaborati'. 
 artful or mgeniouM trick. As aHi^e someumes tuinn 
 u|K>n tal«(» manipulations, armngenients, or apr)earance8, 
 so ,trat^u,r,n, as a rule, turnh upon false judgments or 
 rnoyonHmt*i. ChiUhon and fooli.h poopio* play trickt • 
 designnig |)e.,w)n8 have recourse to c^li/ice ; tl.oN^ -hi 
 convert life into a complimted g,inie eiiiploy stratagem, 
 ^uf^erjuge is something under cover of which one makis 
 an escapa It is an arti/i<'.e employed to iscaiie oensuus 
 or to olu.le the foi-ce of an argument, or to juHtify opin- 
 ions or actions." J / 1 •" 
 
 trouble, n., distress of mind or what causeu such: groat 
 perplexity, affliction, anxiety, annoyance. 
 
 Syn. : disturbance, molestation, hai-assment. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Trouhle is the most general in its applica- 
 tion ; we may be troubled by t\w want of a thing, or 
 by that which is unsuitable : we are disturbed and nw 
 tested only by that which actively traublen. Pecuni»ry 
 wants are to huuio thu greatest trouUes in life- the 
 IKjrverseness, the indisijosition or ill-behaviour of children 
 are domestic tnmhfes : but the noise of children is a 
 duturhanne, and the prosiiect of want disturha the mind 
 A disturhauee r^m or throws out of a tmnquil state : a 
 rnoh'suuum buri-.a or l)eai'8 hard either on the Inwly or 
 the mind : nom m » (ways a disturhame to one who wishes 
 to think or ti> mmm in quiet ; t^ilking, or any noise, is a 
 »m>A«^<«/4on to oi. who is in an irritable frame of body or 
 
 tumultuous, tu^., full of tumult, disorder, or confusion • 
 di«turbe«l, aa by ^Mission or the like; disorderly, agitated* 
 
 iiyn. : turbulent, seditious, mutinous. 
 
 Ant. : ix)*u)©ful, calm, placid, orderly, quiet. 
 
 oyn. dis : 7*'imuituou$ deRoribes thejIiHiMsait!^-**- to i-~*— 
 a noise, or to lie in a commotion or feiuiont." We s'p«rk 
 ot a tu,mdtm»is {or excited) gaUioriiig; and, iKxitically, ol 
 
BYNuNYMN DiMcAlMINATKI). 
 
 271 
 
 * the tumuli jwtu iw 
 
 of r«wiKt«nco to am aorit v ; wJuui 
 
 •>«.' Turbnh • iiiuikH a hoHtilo spirit 
 
 . , j i iHonei-H are diHHaiisfiwI 
 
 tlmy aw! frf'.|ueiitiv turhulerU : the nobU« of Poland at 
 tihioa have been turbulent: ieditious luHiks a spirit of 
 reai.Htance to governiiM'nt ; mulinaua uiukB a spirit of 
 i-esiHtanc*' againKt officora either in the a. v or navy : a 
 geneml will not f il to quell the fii-at risi g» of a m^Uin- 
 ou« spirit. " EltMJtioaei- ng mobs ai-e alw , h tumtdtumm ; 
 *[•'■ y""»'o «Hii the ignorant are so averstito control that 
 they m-e ea«ily Ie<l by the example of an individual to be 
 turhuhnt: among the Romans the people were in the 
 habit of holding geditimM UHH'tings, and sometimes the 
 soldiery would be mutt limn." 
 
 u. 
 
 uncertainty, n., the quality or stato of heing uncertain • 
 bouiething not certainly and exact. >wn. ' 
 
 8yn. : Hu8j>en8e, doubt, doubtful , dubiety. 
 
 Ant : confidence. iwHumnce, conviction, iK)sitiveness. 
 
 Syn. dis. : •' Doubt indicates the absence of sufficient 
 study and in«piiry (though neither may yield enlighten- 
 ment) ; MMC^'r<«m<y, the absence of jmlgment formed, or 
 of the infornuition necesnary to forn> a judgment uikui ; 
 tuspenae, the absence of determination, or of the know-' 
 ledge of facts, which might remove su^tpeune. He is doubt- 
 ful who hesitates from iguomnce ; he in unartiun who 
 hesitates frouj irresolution ; ho is in mitspniHe who cannot 
 decide. Sus^i'tm' has of late also come to UKuin that 
 anxiety of miiul which arises from ignorance of the inUui- 
 tions of anothtT, wheit* our interests hang on those inten- 
 tions. Of old the king would Ik) said to 1m) in sunpeme 
 who had not ma<le up his mind whether or not to piudon 
 the oflender. Now the offender is said to be iji mnueme 
 until his fate is made known to him." 
 
 understand, v., to apprehend or compitdiend fully ; to know 
 the moaning of; to jwrceive or discern by the mind; to 
 comprehend. {See appi-ehend.) 
 
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 oiu^'s r«'Hst)ning faculty in reganl to the ix^latiou of 
 
 and ell'ect, or one thing and another. Tl 
 
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272 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 is employed upon ordinary discourse and the practical 
 business of life. Comprehend requires a greater exertion 
 or force of intellect, and denotes an employment of the in- 
 tellect upon what is obscure and difficult, upon (it may be) 
 theoretical systems or speculative truths. A simple fact 
 is understood ; a process of reasoning is comprehended" 
 
 unimportant, adj., of trifling value or imj)oi*t ; not of great 
 moment. [See significant.) 
 
 Syn. : insignificant, inconsiderable, immaterial. 
 
 Ant. : weighty, relevant, influential, leading. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "The want of importance, of consideration, 
 of signijkation, and of matter or substance, is exj>ressed 
 by these terms. Tbey differ therefore principally accord- 
 ing to the meaning of the primitives ; but they are so 
 closely allied that they may be employed sometimes 
 indifferently. Unimportant regards the consequences of 
 our actions : it is unimportant whether we use this or 
 that word in certain cases . inconsiderable and insignijt- 
 ca/nt respect those things which may attract notice ; the 
 former is more adapted to the grave style, to designate 
 the comparative low value of things; the latter is a 
 familiar term which seems to convey a contemptuous 
 meaning : in a description we may say that the number, 
 the size, the quantity, etc., is inconsiderable ; in speaking 
 of persons we may say they are insignijicamt in stature, 
 look, talent, station, and the like ; or, speaking of things, 
 axi insignihcaM production, or an insignificant word! 
 ImmMerial is a species of the unimportmit, which is 
 applied only to familiar subjects; it is immaterial 
 whether we go to-day or to-morrow; it is immaterial 
 w^hether we have a few or many." 
 
 universal, adj., extending to or comprehending the whole 
 number, quantity or space ; pervading all of the whole ; 
 all-embi-acing ; all-reaching; total; whole. 
 
 Syn. : general, exhaustive, boundless, comprehensive. 
 
 Ant. : local, pai-tial, limited, particular, exceptional. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " What is universal includes every particu- 
 lar : what is general includes the majority of particulars. 
 A general rule, we say, admits of exceptions : what is 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 273 
 
 umyerm. I.us no exceptions. CTni .rstd is opposed to 
 ladivjdnul; general, to particular. 'The foresight of 
 government is directed to the general welfare ' : ' the 
 Providence of God contemplates the ujiiv^aal good ' • 
 Among men the faculty of speech is gener^, not 
 universal. Although universality does not, stiictlv 
 speaking admit of degrees, yet it is sometimes loosely so 
 employed. In tJiat way, that is general which is most 
 universal, as m the following : ' A writer of tragedy must 
 certainly adapt himself to the general taste, because the 
 dmmatic, of all kinds of poetry, cut to be most universally 
 relished and understood.' " ^ 
 
 V. 
 
 7ain, a<?;., fruitless, as an effort; ineffectual: unsatisfyin.^ • 
 accomplishing little ; producing no good result. * ' 
 
 Syn. ; ineffectual, fruitless, inefficient. 
 
 Ant. : effectual, cogent, potent, substantial. 
 
 Syn. dis. : <* These epithets are all applied to our 
 endeavoui-s; but the term vain is the most general and 
 mdefanite; the other terms are particular and definite. 
 What we aim at, as well as what we strive for, may be 
 vain; but ineffectual and fruitless refer only to the end 
 of our labours. When the object aimed at is general in 
 its import, It IS common to term the endeavour vain when 
 It cannot attain this object ; when the means employed 
 are inadequate for the attainment of the particular end it 
 IS usual to call the endeavour ineffectual; cool arguments 
 will be vneffs'-.tual in convincing any one inflamed with 
 a particular passion : when labour is specifically employed 
 for the attainment of a particular object it is usual to 
 term it fruitless if it fail : peacemakera will often find 
 themselves in this condition, that fcheii- labours will be 
 rendered fruitless by the violent paasions of ansrv 
 opponents." ® ^ 
 
 7enal adj., ready to sell oneself for money or other con- 
 sideration and entirely from sordid motives : leadv to 
 accept a bribe. ^ 
 
 Syn. : mercenary, sordid, hireling. 
 
 Ant : disinterested, incorrupt, unpurchasable. 
 1" 
 
 
274 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOK D- BOOK. 
 
 Slgl 
 
 is saleuble or ready to be sold, 
 which, api)lied as it commonly is to pe. sons, is a much 
 stronger term than mercenary. A venal man gives up all 
 principle for interest ; a mercenary man seeks his interest 
 without regard to i>rinciple : venal writers are such as 
 write in favour of the cause that can pi-omote them to 
 riches or honours ; a servant is commonly mercenary who 
 gives his services according as he is paid : those who are 
 loudest in their professions of political purity are the best 
 subjects for a politician to make venal ; a mercenary spirit 
 is apt to be engendered in the minds of those who devote 
 themselves exclusively to trade." 
 
 vexation, «., the act of disquieting or harassing; state of 
 being disturbed in mind ; teasing or great troubles ; the 
 cause of trouble. 
 
 Syn. : mortification, chagrin, annoyance. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Vexation springs from a vainety of causes, 
 acting unpleasantly on the inclinations or passions of men ; 
 mortification is a strong degree of vexation, wh:ch arises 
 from particular circumstanceti acting on particular passions : 
 the loss of a day's j)leasure is a vexation to one who is 
 eager for pleasure ; the loss of a prize, or the circumciance 
 of coming into disgrace when we expected honour, is a 
 Tnortijication to an ambitious pei-son. Vexation ai-ises 
 principally from our wishes and views being crossed ; 
 Tnortijication, from our pride and self-importance being 
 hurt ; chagrin, from a mixture of the two j disappoint- 
 ments are always attended with more or less of vexation, 
 according to the circumstances which give pain and trou- 
 ble ; an exposure of our poverty may be more or less of a 
 mortijication. according to the value which we set or> 
 wealth and grandeur ; a refusal of a request will produce 
 more or less of cha^grin as it is accompanied with circum- 
 stfl,nces more or less mortifying to our pride." 
 
 70te, n., the expression of a desire, preference, or choice in 
 regard to any measure proposed, in which the person vot- 
 ing has an interest with others; that by which will or 
 preference is expressed in elections or in deciding proposals 
 or measures. 
 . Syn. : suffrage, voice, ballot, ticket. 
 
 
 W 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 275 
 
 the 
 
 
 Syii dis. : "The vote is the wish itself, whether ex- 
 
 S \ "f ^i.' * ^T"""^ ^^ ^ ^'^^^' ^h^* iS' tJ'e power of 
 y. ishmg ; but the sv^rage and the voice are the wish that 
 IS expressed ; a person gives his mffra<,e or voice. The 
 vote IS the settled and fixed wish ; it is that by which the 
 most important concerns in life are determined : the svfF- 
 ragem a vote given only in particular cases; the voice is a 
 partial or occasional wish, expressed only in matters of 
 minor importance. The vote and voice are given either 
 
 li'v.rin^r'^ ^ ^''^'' *^' *^'^^S^ *^" *''^^«^^ i« commonly 
 given m favour of a pei-son : in all public assemblies the 
 
 majority of votes decide the question : members of Parlia- 
 ment are chosen by the suffrages of the people : in the exe- 
 
 transac^y ' ^""^"^ ^''^''^'' ^^ * "^^'^ ^" '^^ *^^* ^« 
 
 w. 
 
 ^^^nr^t; '^''^''' J"^ ''^^'?. *^y^^^"S ^« accomplished ; method 
 or manner of proceeding. 
 
 Syn. : manner, method, mode, course, means. 
 
 Syn. dis. : "AH these words denote the steps which are 
 pui-sued from the beginning to the completion of any 1^ 
 T^ie vMy IS both general and indefinite ; it is either taken 
 by accident or chosen by design : the mm.n.r and method 
 are species of the way chosen by design: the former in 
 regard to orders. The m./Ao/is saW ^of that whieS 
 requires contrivance ; Ifhe mode, of that which requires 
 practice and habitual attention ; the former being applied 
 to matters of art, and the latter to mechanical%itLs 
 Ihe course and the Tneans are the way which we pursue in 
 our moral conduct : the course is the mode or measures 
 
 ^ittZ *f P^t^ ^ P'^^""^ * ^^^^i'^ r^«"lt '> the means 
 collectively for the cam-se which lead to a certain end." 
 
 Wreadsome, adj., causing weariness ; inducing lassitude or 
 ".xhaustiou of strength and patience. 
 
 Syn. : tiresome, tedious, troublesome, irksome. 
 Ant. ^ refre^ing, invigorating, freshening, recruiting. 
 
 «K1? "* T^" '\ ^^ZJ^^"^^ irksome, and tedious are applic- 
 able only to things, not to persons; ^tV«.om/and 
 t^ouhlesorao are applicable both to pei^ons and tc thinga 
 
 ill 
 
 
276 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 "The force of that which is tiresome is active and 
 energetic, pi-oducing a feeling of pliysical annoyance and 
 exhaustion of patience. Wearisome is said of things more 
 continuous in their operation, and producing the impres- 
 sion of monotony and want of relief. A refractory child 
 is tiresome; a long journey through an uninteresting 
 country is weaHaoms. Such things as vain repetitions, 
 importunate requests, slight disappointments and checks, 
 are tiresome ; monotonous tasks and journeys are wea/ri- 
 8ome; prolix speeches are tedious ; complicated tasks and 
 problems difficult to solve, or threads difficult to unravel, 
 are troublesome." 
 
 wellbeing, »*., welfare, happiness, prosperity. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Wellbeing may be said of one or many, but 
 generally of a body ; the wellbeing of society depends upon 
 a due subordination of the different ranks of which it is 
 composed. Welfare, or faring welly respects the good 
 condition of an individual ; a parent is naturally anxious 
 . for the welfare of his child. Wellbeing and welfare 
 consist of such things as more immediately affect our 
 existence : prosperity, which comprehends both wellbeing 
 and welfare, includes likewise all that can add to the 
 enjoyments of man. The prosperity of a State, or of an 
 individual, consists in the increase of wealth, power, 
 honours, and the like ; as outward circumstances more or 
 less affect the happiness of man : happiness is, therefore, 
 often substituted for prosperity : but it must never be 
 forgotten that happiness properly lies only in the mind, 
 and that consequently prosperity may exist without 
 happiness ; but happiness, at least as far as respects a body 
 of men, cannot exist without some portion of prosperity." 
 
 VTicked, adj., addicted to vice or mischief; evil in principle 
 ^r practice ; bal or baneful in effect j immoral. 
 Syn. : bad, unjust, iniquitous, nefarious, vicious. 
 Ant. : good, virtuous, moral, pure, spotless, stainless. 
 Syn. dis. : " Wicked is here the generic term ; iniquitous 
 signifies that species of wickedesa which consists in violat- 
 
 * x1 1^..* ^C «.«^i4- Vk.^f«.r^v4* murk onrl man • miiTrififiin'%g a Id 
 
 iUg WIC 1»W Ul llJ^ilV IJ'V'l-TTl.-S.V tlSITJt tf ,.•—, y ,,-^. . ... 
 
 that specie.s of wickedness which consists in violating the 
 most sacred obligations. The term wicked, being indefin- 
 
SYNONYMS DISCRIMINATED. 
 
 277 
 
 it^ IS commonly applied m a milder sense than imq>citous • 
 ^naimquuom than nefarious: it k n^iked to depii^^ 
 another of his property unlawfully, under any circum 
 stances ; but it is inujuitous if it is done by fraud Td 
 tiust'TnT^ and ../anc.^ if it involves any breach o 
 trust. Any undue influence over another, in making of 
 his will, to the detriment of the rightful heir, is iM- 
 tous; any underhand dealing of a servant to deft Jll 
 master is mfariovs." 
 
 Will, v., a defective verb us(.d along with another verb'to ex- 
 press future time; m the first person, will promises or 
 exi>i.sses fixed purpose or determination, as 'l3 It' 
 in the second and third person, will simply foretells as 
 ' thou «;t/. eat ' ' he will eat ' ; wo^dd, pt. of U/ Tl wish 
 or wished to, familiarly, wish to do, or to have shluM 
 wish. ^.. Seath's " High School Grammar," pp. 226 231 
 also, McElroy's « Structure of English Pros^'pp. 108-110: 
 
 word, n., an articulate sound, or continuation of sounds ex- 
 pressing an idea ; the letters which represent it. 
 
 Syn. : term, expression. 
 
 Ant. : idea, conception. 
 
 Syn. dis. : « Word is here the generic term ; the other 
 two are specific. Every term and ea^pression h T^Zd 
 but every word is not denominated a term or exprZion 
 Langr, .go commta o{ words ; they are the connected sounds 
 which serve for the communication of thought. T^^ 
 from terminus a boundary, signifies any word that has a 
 specific or limited meaning; expression signifies any ward 
 which conveys a forcible meaning. uSige determiZ 
 v^ords; science fixes tem^ ; sentiment pSvidt Z?,? 
 s^on.. The purity of a style de,^nds o^ the cholTof 
 words /the precision of a writer depends upon the choice 
 of his^.m. • the force of a writer depe!Ss upon th^ 
 aptitude of his expressions. The grammarian t^ts on 
 the nature of tv<yrds ■ the philosopher weighs the value of 
 scientific terms ; the rhetorician estimates the force of 
 expressions. »v/*^o kji 
 
 worldly, a«?y., relative to this life; devoted to this life and 
 Its enjoyments ; bent on gain ; sordid, vile. 
 
 ■I| 
 
278 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLSIH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 ^1 
 
 Hi \ 
 
 Syn. : secular, tempoml. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Worldly means relative to the world, 
 especially relating to this world or life, in contmdistinction 
 to the life to come ; as, tumidly pleasures, affections, max- 
 ims, actions, and the like. Secular means relating to the 
 world, in the sense of worldly fashions, habits, duties, 
 studies, music, modes of living, etc. Temporal means, 
 literally, lasting for a time, as distinguished from eternal. 
 In common parlance worldly is opposed to heavenly ; 
 temporal^ to eternal ; secular, to ecclesiastical or religious, 
 Secular is morally an indifferent teim : the same may 
 commonly be said of temporal ; but worldly has generally 
 a bad sense, as a worldly spirit is one which is imbued 
 by sordid principles of gain, and is wanting in high- 
 mindedness or purity of motive." 
 
 writer, «., an author ; a member of the literary profession , 
 a penman, clerk, or amanuensis. 
 
 Syn. : penman, author, scribe. 
 
 Syn. dis. : " Of these the most generic is writer, mean- 
 ing one who writes, whether by writing is meant literary 
 composition or the mere formation of letters by the pen, 
 by the type machine, or by any similar process. Penman 
 is a man who handles a pen, and properly means one 
 ukUled in the use of the pen mechanically — a master of 
 caligraphy. Author is one whose pen or writing is the 
 me<Sum of original thoughts. The term has a familiar 
 and more dignified meaning. A writer of a letter is not 
 termed technically an author, unless the letter has passed 
 into a literary form. On the other hand, he who wrote 
 the letter might be called, in the general sense of the 
 term, the author of it, if its contents were canvassed or its 
 writer c died to account for its statements, tone, or pur- 
 port." Scribe is a now rather obsolete term for a 
 professional penman or transcriber. 
 
 Y. 
 
 fOUthflll, adj., being in the early stage, or pertaining to the 
 early part, of life ; fresh or vigorous, as in youth. 
 
 Syn. : juvenile, puerile, young. 
 ' Ant. : aged, senile, mature, old. 
 
SYNONYMS DI.SCUIA1JNATED. 
 
 279 
 
 Syn dis : Ycthjvl signifies full of yo.th, or in the 
 complete state of youth : juvenile, from the Lat n JtLnis 
 signifies the same ; but puerile from jyuer a boy siSes 
 hU^.r.nyboy^sh. Hence the first two' terms are' taken in 
 an in.iifrerent sense, or at least always in the sense of 
 
 vlgoul^ youthful employments, ^.,^..^76 perfoimances 
 it^W. years, and the like : but jn^erile objections 
 puenle conduct and the like. Sometimes iJ^ris 
 
 wUhMTen 1 • ''""/ ^^^«" «P^-king of 2,o^..//in contrast 
 with men as juvemle tncks ; but puerile is a much 
 ^ronger term of reproach, and marks the absence of 
 manhood in those who ought to be men." 
 
 z. 
 
 268 1, n., passionate ardour in the pursuit of anything ; eager- 
 ness m any cause or behalf, good or bad. 6^8 
 
 "The ardour of his friendship, and his zeal in the Master's 
 cause, prompted the fervour with which he spoke!" ^^^^^ 
 
 Syn. : ardour, fervour, earnestness, enthusiasm. 
 
 Ant : apathy, indifference, coldness, torpor. 
 
 Spn. dis. : " Zeal is passionate ardour in favour of a 
 person or a cause ; a/rdour is simply warmth or heat of 
 passion in hye, pursuit, or exertion. Fervour denotes 
 the constitutional state or temperament of individuals. 
 We speak of the fervour of passion, declamation, suppli- 
 cation, desire, as demonstrative of warmth: ardour is 
 
 Tvotett '''''^' "^ ^''^'"' ^"'°^'^^P' ^°"^' ^^' 
 
IIL—DERIVATION. 
 
 m ■ 
 
 10 
 
 t i 
 
 h 
 
 III 
 
 The lists which make up this part of the " Word-Book " an^ 
 intended^o serve as a supplement to the High School Grain- 
 mar, of which Chapters IV. and XIX. ought to be i-ead. 
 
 For the sake of convenience a short summary of the main 
 facts brought out in these chapters is here given. 
 
 1. Words according as they can or cannot be broken up into 
 parts, each of which is itself a word, are said to be compound 
 
 or simple words. Thus helmsman is a compound, but 
 
 its parts holm'S and man are simple words. Through the 
 changes they have undergone, many compounds have come to 
 look like simple wonls, e. g., lord, doff, or do not shew the 
 meaning of each part; as, woman, once wif-man, Le., 
 wife-man. 
 
 2. Many simple words are formed from other simple words 
 by putting a letter or letters before or after them ; as stand- 
 ing, bystander, withstand, all from stand, the parts put 
 
 before, viz., by, with, being called prefixes, and the parts 
 placed after, viz., ing, er, sufllxes. Such words are called 
 
 derivatives. 
 
 3. Such words as stand, although not formed from any 
 simpler word are not alone in the lang lage. Thus staff 
 stead, stalk, stop, have the same simple notion of stand- 
 ing, and have the same sound, st, followed by a or a 
 corruption of a- Hence we say that they all contain the 
 root STA, and we call each of them, as not formed from any 
 simpler word but only from the root, a radical or root- 
 
 word. 
 
 4. Again we find that many of the words the English tongue 
 has borrowed from Latin and Greek, as sta-te, sta-tue, 
 
 sta-tute, sta-ble,^ sta-tics,'^ apo-sta-te,^ sy-ste-m,* 
 
 > As a noun, " a standing-place " for cattle ; as an adj., " that ccn stand." 
 
 » The science of keeping: tilings at a standstill. 
 
 s A giander vji' from iiia old atssoviates or principles. 
 
 * What stands together. 
 
D KIM VAT I ON. 
 
 281 
 
 Le., 
 
 have tho syllahlo sta, with tho notion of standing; wo con- 
 clude, themlbfo, that English, Latin, and Creek have the root 
 STA in common. 
 
 5. The changes that the forms of words undergo, often com- 
 [)letely altering their ai)i)earancfi, arise from three main sources, 
 the desire of ease, analogy, or the desire for uniformity, 
 and the effects of emphasis. 
 
 6. From the desire of ease often amounting to actual 
 carelessness, comes assimilation, that isciia gingasound 
 into one more like that which immediately precedes or, more 
 commonly, foUows it. Examples are : 
 
 (i.) irregular, illegal (for in-regular, in-legal), where 
 we have complete assimilation. 
 
 (ii.) imperfect where we iiave incomplete assimilation. 
 
 (iii.) woman, balance, for wif-man, bi-lance, and 
 the pronunciation '* menny " of many where a vowel is 
 assimilated to a following vowel (which change is called 
 
 umlaut). 
 
 That a vowel may be influenced by the following consonant, is 
 seen from the correct pronunciation of clerk, sergeant 
 Derby (fir, not er). This accounts for the change of a to o 
 before n, and before labials as in stop. 
 
 (iv.) public (cp., people, leaves, dig (O.E., dlc-ian), 
 in which the voiceless p, f, c catch from the following 
 vowel or semi-vowel the vibration which makes them 
 
 voiced. 
 
 7. From the same source arise transposition, as frosh, 
 
 nostril, for fersc, nas.hyrl ; epenthesis, as tapes-try, 
 
 kin-d-red, O.F. tapisserie, O.E. kynrede, the inserted t or d 
 making easier gioups than sr, nr; and substitution of 
 easier sounds, viz. : 
 
 (a) Spirants for stops, which require complete con- 
 tact. Examples are hitnr lath (O.E., hider, latta; 
 
 short, shire (O.E., sceoi-t, 3vire); have, heave (O.E., 
 
 habb-an, hebban); -ceive (Fr.) for L. CAP. 
 
 (6) Linguals and palatals,^ or labials f jr guttu- 
 rals (which are sounded in the back part of the mouth). 
 
 I The so-called palatals ch and J are reaUy the Unguals t and d, followed by the 
 sibilants sh and zh. / ""o 
 
282 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL KNOMSH WOKD-BOOK. 
 
 : ( 
 
 Examples are : child, ditch, edge (O.E. cild, <Hc, ecg), 
 charm, chief (O.F., charme, chef, from L. carmen, 
 caput); tough, rough, laugh (O.E., roh, toh, 
 hleahhan) Greek has even changed, by assimilation qu 
 to pp as hijypos, L. equu-8, horse. 
 
 (c) Vov^els for consonants, especially in groups, as 
 sorrow, borough (O.E., sorh, burh). Conversely u 
 or i before a vowel changes through rapid pronunciation 
 into w or y. Thus in France men pronounce oui " we," 
 while the French-Canadians keep the old pronunciation. 
 
 " oo-ee " 
 
 (d) Front and high for back and low vowels. 
 
 See High School Grammar, pp. 404-5. 
 
 Thus 1 stands for SB, as in riddle, O.E. rsedels. 
 
 n II II U, in the ending ing of gerunds, O.E. -ung. 
 
 '• •' " e, II II participles, O.E. -ende. 
 
 ie II It eo, priest, friend (O.E. preo8t,freond). 
 
 In Latin words we find that as a rule 1 is put for the final 
 vowel of the first part of a compound, and for the open* a or 
 e of a syllable following a prefix. 
 
 Compare anni-versary;, comi-ferous, with annu-al, 
 comu-copia" ; also recipient, abstinent, with capture 
 tenant. 
 
 If a is not open, it is represented by e, as reception. 
 Similarly, o and u represent au, as exclude, explode, 
 
 cp. clause and plaudit. 
 
 8. Loss occurs especially in COnsonant-groups and in 
 unaccented syllables ; as — 
 
 (i.) know, gnaw, laugh (O.E. hleahh-an), rinff 
 
 (O.E. bring). ^ 
 
 (ii.) story, sample, for history,' example, (aphse- 
 resis); lark, England, for lavrock, Englaland, (syn- 
 cope) j lent, cab, for lencten,* cabriolet, (apocope). 
 
 9. These changes tend generally to shortening and wearing 
 down words, often to a great extent, as appears from such 
 
 > ' Open • means not followed by a consonant in the same syllable. 
 
 ' ' Con'ucoiiia ' is really a "brass not a conj'ionnd 
 
 8 Then accented on the second syllable. 
 
 * O.E, for' Spring ; probably the time when days grow long. 
 
DEKIVATION. 
 
 283 
 
 woida as alms, aim, from eloemosyna, eestiniMre. But they ai-e 
 counteracted in part by emphasis and analogy. 
 
 10. Emphasis ends not only to save the syllable that 
 receives it, the accented sylhible, from change, but sometimes 
 also leads to its being strengthened, Thus we say COW for 
 O.E. cii (pronounced coo, as still in Scotland), sight for O.E. 
 siht. 
 
 The eflfect of accent is often diminished when syllables are added cp 
 child with children, nation with national. 
 
 Perhaps it is a desire to emphasise the end of a word that 
 
 lends to excrescent letters, as t of tyrant, ancient, Fr. 
 
 ti/ran, ancien ; n of bittem. 
 
 11. Analogy, or the tendency to treat alike all cases that 
 seem alike, often prevents the wearing away of \ ords. In 
 grammar, it is seen chiefly in producing ♦ regulaiity,' as in 
 making s and ed the prevailing inflexions for the plural of 
 nouns and the past of verbs. 
 
 In derivation it is seen in such extensions as WOndrous, 
 windlass, for wonders, Windace, owing to the speaker's 
 thinking of the common sutiix -OUS, and lace, a string or rope. 
 This tendency to find or make a meaning in our words shews 
 
 itself in such forms as sparrow-grass, jerked meat, for 
 
 asparagus, Charki. Words so altered are appropriately 
 called by a late writer " Blunder WOrds." 
 
 12. The changes that Latin underwent in becoming what 
 is called French are especially noteworthy. Here accent 
 is very important. 
 
 (i.) The syllable accented in Latin is the final 
 
 syllable in French, all vowels that follow the accent being 
 lost or changed to e mute. Examples are — 
 
 L. tem'-pus, O.F. tems, Eng. tense, 
 
 ca'-mera, n chambre, » chamber, 
 
 mas'culus, n masleormale, n male. 
 
 (u.) The vowel just before the accent is very 
 often dropped ; as— 
 
 blasphema're, O.F. blasmer, Eng. blame 
 SBstima're, h earner, m aim, 
 
 (ii.) Consonants are often dropped, both between 
 two vowels and from groups ; as — 
 
 
'Mi 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 
 catena, O.F. chaine, Eng. chain. 
 
 preca'ri, m preier, .. pray. 
 
 So blame and aim from blaspheme, and sestimarc 
 (iv.) Unaccented e or i beifore a vowel becomes g 
 
 or Ch, often with loss of the preceding consonant ; a& — 
 
 appropiare, our approach, 
 granea, m grange, 
 
 sapius, M sage. 
 
 (v.) For Latin p, we often find French b or v ; for b we 
 find V ; for c before a, ch ; as, arrive, Fr. arriver, Late 
 Lat. adripare ; chevalier, Fr. cheval, O.L. caballus. 
 
 (vi.) To initial SC, St, sp a meaningless e haa been prefixed, 
 as : — 
 
 esquire, O.F. escuier, late Lat. scutarius, 
 estate, n estat, L. status, 
 especial, » especial, L. specialis. 
 
 13. Moreover nearly all words borrowed from either Latin 
 or Greek have lost their last syllables. 
 
 14. The changes which pure English words have undergone 
 cannot be so clearly defined. Most of them are exemplified 
 under paragraphs 6-8. But the following may here be 
 specified. 
 
 (i.) Final vowels and inflections are dropped or changed 
 to e mute. 
 
 sceamu, shame, 
 
 luflan, love. 
 
 (ii.) Consonant groups are &imp'ified, h being dropped 
 from hi, hr, hn, Wh being put tor hw, and sh for sC 
 
 hlot, bring, hnut, hwerf, sceort, ' 
 lot, ring, nut, wharf, short. 
 
 (iii.) O is often changed to ch, Cg to dg, g to y or i 
 
 ceaf, ecg, gear, segl, 
 
 chaff, edge, year, safl. 
 
 (iv.) Vowels are often changed to those with less open 
 sound. Thus : a is changed to o (bef re ng, Id), as aid, 
 lang, our old, long ; k is changed to o (regula Iv), as 
 hdim, our home; 6 is changed to 00 (regularly), as 
 
 B6th, our sooth. 
 
DERIVATION. 
 
 285 
 
 JC, 
 
 as 
 
 Prefixes. 
 
 Here follows a list of prefixes arranged so as to biing to- 
 gether those which, though belonging to different languages, 
 lire of the same origin, and have similar meanings. " Inten- 
 sive" denotes the use of a prefix to strengthen or give force to 
 the meaning of a word or root. Thus ashamed means * much 
 ashamed,' convert * to turn thoroughly or altogether.' 
 
 The roots {see par. 2, and H. S. Grammar, pp. 76-7) are 
 printed in capitals. Many words, however, come, not directly 
 from the roots, but from passive participles, the sign of which is 
 t (akin to our -d or -ed). Thus ac-cep-t, ex-cep-t, from CAP, 
 cap-tr. Wheu the root ends in d or t the participle has s or 
 SS ; thus remit and remiss, from MIT, miss-. When roots ar« 
 printed thus, FER = BEAR, the meaning is that they are not 
 only alike in meaning, but also of the same origin, though 
 belonging to different languages. 
 
 The student should give the meaning of every example 
 somewhat thus — 
 
 " Akin, of kin ; abject, cast away, from the root J AC, cast"; 
 giving always to the prefix the forcf specified in the heading 
 of the paragraph. 
 
 1.— "From, off, away." 
 
 E. of, a: akin, anew, adovon^ (diin, hill), offal, offspring. 
 Intensive — athirst, ashamed. 
 
 L. ab, a: abject (J AC, cast), ab-s-tract (TRAH, draw). 
 a-vert (VERT, turn). ' 
 
 G. apo, ap: apogee (ge, earth), ap-helion (helio-s, sun), 
 apo-stle (STEL, send), apo-calypse.^ 
 
 The primary form must have been apa, to which, by Grimm's 
 Law, Gothic q/) 0. E. of, correspond. 
 
 2.— "On." 
 
 E. on, an, a: aboard, an-on ("in one moment"), aninl 
 (O. E. an-tilte^), onset, unless (" on less" condition). 
 
 G. ana, (i) up : anatomy (TAM, cut), analyse (LY, break). 
 
 » Lit., " off the hill ; " hence comes the adv. and prep. down. 
 
 « " Taking away the veil," " revelation," from kalypgis, covering. 
 
 I Fi'oiti fyll-a 'I to fell, make to fall, strike. 
 
 
 
286 
 
 THE HIGH SCHpOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 (ii) back: ana-gram (gramma-t, letter, from GRAPH, 
 write), ana^aaestf^ anachronism (chrono-s, time). 
 
 3.— "Against, opposite." 
 
 E. an (for and), a : answer (" swear against"'), along (O. E. 
 andlang*). 
 
 un (before verbs) : unlock, untie. 
 
 Or. anti, ant : antipodes (podes = feet), a/ntarctic, ant' type, 
 anthem (for antiphon, phOn§ sound). 
 
 L. ante, before : antechamber, antedate, anti-cipate (CAP» 
 take, with i for e of the prefix). 
 
 From the notion " opposite," i. e., face to face, we get 
 that of " before." 
 
 4.—" Out." 
 
 E. a (O.B. &) I ago (" gone out "), arise, arouse, awake. 
 
 Intensive — abide (" bide out "), affright (for a-fright). 
 The notion " out " readily passes into that of " out 
 and out," " greatly." 
 
 5.— To, at, near. 
 
 E. at, a : atone'^ ("set at one "), ado ( = to do),* tw t (O. E. 
 setwitan, reproach). 
 
 L. ad, a : advert, admit (MIT, send), aspect (SPEC, look). 
 
 ac, af, &c., Fr. a: accede (CED, go, yield), affect (FAC, do), 
 aggress (GRAD, gress-, step), allure (" to the bait "), an- 
 nex (NECT, nex-, join), append (PEND, hang), arrange, 
 assist (SIST, stand), attract, attend (TEND, stretch), 
 achieve (chef, L. caput = head). 
 
 N.B. — Admiral, advance, and advantage are " blunder- 
 words" for amiral^ (Milton's " ammiral"), avaunce, and 
 ava/ntage. '■ Abhredate and ammunition are solitary exam- 
 ples of ah- or am- from ad. 
 
 > Lit., a dactyl, " reversed," or struck back from PAV, Gr. PAI, strike. 
 
 s Probably at first an answer to a charge in court. ^ 
 
 • " Over against in length." 
 
 * This pronunciation of one is retained in alone and only. 
 
 
 Amiral is from Arabic amir, prince or emir ; advance and advantage from Fr. 
 avancer, avantage, which come from avant, before, from L. ah ante,, lit. "from 
 before." 
 
DERIVATION. 
 
 287 
 
 6.— Not. 
 
 G. an, a : anmchy (ARCH, rule), anomaly (homalos, alike) 
 apathy (path-os, feeling). 
 
 E. un : untrue^ untruth, 'npleasant. 
 
 L. in am, 11, ir, i-) . formal, insecure, immature, illegal, 
 
 irresistible, i-gnora'.u, ignoble, i-gnomin-y} 
 E. ne : neither, never, nought, and not (ne -f aught). 
 L. n-on : nonage, nonsense. 
 
 N.B. — (i.) 'Do not confound un, not, with un prefixed 
 to verbs, which means to reverse the act denoted by i^e 
 verb. 
 
 (ii.) As appears from unrpleasant, un is often prefixed to 
 foreign words if usage has made them familiar, especially 
 to those that have taken English endings, like -ing, -ed. 
 ITn is often prefixed, to words in -able, hardly ever to 
 those in -ible, as unassailable, but inaudible. 
 
 (iii). Besides these senses, a- may stand for O.E., ge au 
 in aware, afford ; L. ex, e, Fr. es, out, as amend, abash, 
 assay for essay ; O.F., ah, as alas. 
 
 (iv.) Except in the instances given here and under 1, 3, 
 4, 5, a before a true English word represents on. 
 
 7.— Both, on both sides. 
 
 L, Ambi, amb : ambidextrous (dexter, right handed), amb-i- 
 tnt^ (I, go), amb-ig-uoua (AG, drive, lead, do), amputate 
 (puta-i*e, to lop). 
 
 amphi : amphitheatre, amphibious (bios, life). 
 
 8. — Near (probably akin to ambi). 
 
 E. be : beside, abaft, about (for " on-by-aft," " on-by-out") 
 above (O.E., ufan, up). 
 
 Intensive — bedeck, beset, bedim. 
 
 Be- seems to form verbs as in benumb. 
 
 'All three from QNO - know, whence Old L. gndrus, knowing, giiO-bUU (later 
 nohili 8), noble, ffnomen (later nomen), name. " ' "' " "« v«**"r 
 
 S A nnmtvHimi word. 
 
 * the endinjrs -ant and -ent are equivalent to -in^. 
 
 • ihe diss of diHsyllable was originally a misspelling. 
 
 m 
 
288 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL RNGLIRH WORD BOOK. 
 
 9.-Well. 
 
 L. bene: beneficent and benefit (FAC, do, make), heniqn 
 (GEN, produce). . ' /' 
 
 11.— Down. 
 
 G. cata, cat : catarrh (RHY, flow), catechise (lit., "sound* 
 down "), cathedral (hed-ra = seat), 
 
 11.— Around. 
 
 ii. Circum: circumnavigate, circumvent (VEN, come), 
 circuit (I, go). 
 
 Really a case of circus, a ring, used adverbially. 
 
 12.— Together. 
 
 L. com (co, con, col, cor): commngle, compute (puta-re, 
 reckon), coheir co-operate, concv/r (CUR, run), collect 
 (LEG, gather), correlate, council (Fr. form of con-cili-um, 
 a calling together). 
 
 Intensive — as in convert, eommute (muta-re, change), 
 condign (dignu-s worthy), correct (rectu-s, right). 
 
 G. syn (syl, sym, sy) : st/ntax (taxis, arrangement), synthesis 
 (THE, place), syllable (LAB, take), sympathy (pathos, 
 feeling), system (STA, stand). 
 
 Com and ayn are probably w .ikenings of a common form 
 "skom". 
 
 Contra (Fr. counter) against ; contravene (VEN come), 
 controvert, counteract. 
 
 13.— Twice, in two. 
 
 G. di : digraph (GRAPH, write), dissyllable^ 
 
 L. bis Ol bi : bisect (SEC, cut), biscuit (Fr. cuit, cooked), 
 bissextile^. 
 
 Our twi of twilight points clearly to an original dvi(s). 
 (see High Sch. Gmmmar, p. 408), shortened to di- and 
 bi-. This dvis is a case of dva, L. and G. duo, E. two. 
 
 X 
 
 ^ Q. tihe-eiu, ukiii to echo. 
 
 « Diss- is an old misspelling for dis-. 
 
 » Lit., "Counting the sixth day (i.e., the sixth before the 1st of March) twice. 
 
\ 
 
 DERIVATION. 
 
 289 
 
 H.— Asunder, through. 
 
 ^' ^VF^'Y 1^^-^^' ^"^'^' ^*''"«^''' '^'■^^*^^' ^iyoin, differ 
 {iilijii, bear), div&i-ge (verg-ere, slope). 
 
 ^'"' & ^^.l desoant (canta-re. sing), c/e/ame, r/./«a«, defy 
 
 (cp Itck j: ^ ^^' ^ ^^'' ^'-^^^ ^'" ^^' "^^' '^^^^^^' ^^'^^ ' 
 G. dia : (i) dia-ly-ds, dia-gnosia (GNO = know). 
 
 (a) through, as in diatonic, diameter (metro-n, measure). 
 
 15.— Prom, away, down. 
 
 ^* ^XeJf"'^' '^'''""'^' '^'^''''^ (positu-s, placed), deduce (DUC, 
 
 Negative— ofe^ec^ (TEG, cover). 
 
 ^.7^"; wr'?;7'''"?' (nega-re, say no), deceive (CAP,^ take) 
 rfe%/i< (LAC, entice). ^ ' >'' 
 
 16.-I11. 
 
 ^' Ibnj. "^^'''^''"^ ^'''*''^' '"*'"'^''^' "^y'P'P'y (P^P«i«. diges- 
 
 17. -Well, 
 
 G. eu : eulogy (logo-s, speech), e.,;,Ao;*y (phone, sound) eu- 
 
 Mewmm (pheme, speaking , PHA, «peuk). ^' 
 
 18— Out, out and out, thoroughly. 
 
 ^* ®if. l^'kf ^^'"•' ^'%?' ®^- ^^''«^^' ^'^M e.t;i5enc/, (TEND 
 stretch), educe elaborate, effect, effeminate, (femina, wo: 
 man m«y and assay, estreat, escape ("get out of one's 
 cape ;, scald (caldus, for calidus, hot). oi one s 
 
 ^* ^choLse).' ''""''''* ^^°'^''' ""^^^^ ''^''^'''"*^> ''^'"''^ (I^BC^, 
 ^' wandfr). ''''*'''^' ' ««^^morc/iWy, extravagant (vaga-ri, 
 exo.j.« (GEN, produce) and exotic are from Gr. exo, outwards. 
 
 19.— Before, forward, openly. 
 
 « CA^in "drench woi^sisVeakeii^t^r^T^ra^^^^ ' 
 
290 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 L. pro: proceed, propel, profane^ ('before the temple '*)p 
 
 '• Instead of" proconsul, jrro cathedral. 
 
 (Fi-. pur) purvey, provide (VI D, see), pursue, pro- 
 
 secute (SEQ, follow). 
 G. pro (for) : prologue (logos, speech), prophet (PHE, speak), 
 
 programme. 
 L. pre: predict, (DIG, s&y), preposition, prehistoric^ prejudice 
 
 (judic-ium, judgment ; judie-era, judge). 
 
 20.— Prom, away. 
 
 E. for : forbea/r, foo-bid, forgive, forget, forswear. 
 
 Intensive— forlorn ("quite lost"). So the obsolete 
 forbled, forpined, etc. 
 
 N.B. — F(yrego is at * blunder word,' the true form being 
 forgo. In forfeit, foreclose, the tirst element is L. foris, 
 out of doors, outside. 
 
 21.— In, into on. 
 
 E. in : inbred, inlay ; imbed or embed, impound.* 
 
 L. in (im, il, ir, Fr., en, em): invert, incur, intend (TEND, 
 
 stretch'), impel, impend, illumine (lumen, light), irrigate 
 
 (riga-re, wet) ; endanger, embalm, empower. 
 
 "Against" : impugn (pugna-re, fight', impute (puta-re, 
 
 reckon). 
 G. en (em, el) : energy ( = in-working*), endemic (demos, 
 
 people) ; e-^hUm (BEL, throw or put), em-pyr-ean (pyr, 
 
 fire), e^^ip* LE IP, leave). 
 
 Endoyen and esoteric contain the adverbs endos and eso, 
 
 inwards, both derived from G. en. 
 
 22.— Within, between, among. 
 
 L. intra : intramural (muru-s, wall). 
 
 L, intro : introduce, intromission (MIT, send), introspection. 
 
 » Therefore ' outside of it, unholy'. 
 
 ■ The change of E. in to Im or en is caused by the analogy of the Latin prefix in. 
 
 • Literally stretch (the mind) upon. 
 
 4 The O. erg-vn wtw ofigiually wcrgon, which by Orimm's.Law aaswera exactly in 
 wwk, O. B. were. 
 
 • Beally a " leaving in " (the mind) of a thought, instead of expressing it. 
 
DEIIIVATION. 
 
 291 
 
 L. inter {intel, Fr. entre) : international, inter/ere (FER, 
 bear', intellect (LEG, choose), enterprise (Fr. pris, taken). 
 
 Intra (intro) alone means "within": inter, "between 
 . » ' ' ' 
 
 or among. 
 
 23— lU. 
 
 L. male Cmal): malefactor, malevolent (VOL = will), mal- 
 content, maltreat. 
 
 24.— Among, after. 
 
 E. mid : midship, midrif (hrif, belly) : — sense generally 
 " middle." 
 
 G. meta : (i.) metaphysics, metho f (" way after"). 
 
 (ii.) meta-phor (PHOR = FER = bear), metonymy 
 <onyma, name), meta-thesis (THE, place)— all with the 
 sense " change," le., putting after what was before, 
 
 25.— Wrongly, 
 
 E. mis • misbehave, misgive. 
 
 N.B. — In misadventure, misalliance, mischance, mischief 
 ("wrong head"), miscount, miscreant (lit., misbeliever), 
 misnome*-, misprise, misprision; mis is a corruption of 
 Fr. me» from L. minus, less. 
 
 26.— Upon, 
 G. epi : epigram, epidemic, epitaph ,^taphos, tomb), epoch.^ 
 
 27.— Against. 
 
 L. ob (op, of, oc, os) : object, obstacle (ST A, stand), obstruct 
 (STRUG, build), opposite, offer, offend (FEND, dash), 
 occur, occult ("covered over"), ostensible (TEND, show). 
 
 28.— Beside, different from. 
 
 G. para: (i.) parhelion, paralysis,"^ parable,^ parallel (A\]e\a,, 
 each other), (ii.) paradox <^doxa, seeming), paralogism 
 (logismos, calculation). 
 
 » Lit., a holding upon, originally applied to a star's apparent stopping after reachinir 
 its culmination. ft- a » 
 
 "Lit. -a breaking beside,' i. e., at one side -referring to the fact that one nideii 
 usually affected. 
 
 » Lit, ' something put (thrown) beside ' another for comparisoa 
 
 m 
 
w 
 
 292 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 N.B.--In parachute, parapet, paranol, the first element is de- 
 rive<l from L. para-re, to make ready, huuce to parry or guard. 
 Paradise is from an old Persian word meaning "a park. 
 
 29.— Through, thoroughly, amiss. 
 
 L. per : (i.) permit (MIT, send), perspective, perspire (spira-re, 
 to breathe), peroration (' speaking throvgh to the end '). 
 
 (ii.) perfect, perceive, pardon (donn-er ; L. dona-re, give), 
 paramount} (iii.) pervert, perjury (jura-re, to sweai). 
 
 30.— Around, near. 
 
 G. peri : perimeter, period ('• way around "), perigee, peri- 
 helion. 
 
 3l!— Almost, 
 
 L pen : peninsula (insula, island) penult (ultimus, last). 
 
 32.— After. 
 
 L. post: postpone (pon-ere, to put), postscript (SCRIB, write). 
 
 33.— Towards, 
 
 G. pros : proselyte (elytos, come), 
 
 L. per (pos, pol) : portend, possess (SED, sit), pollute (lu-ere, 
 wash). 
 
 34.— Back, again.* 
 
 L re, red: reject, return, renew, repel, remote ('moved back 
 or away'), redeem (EM, buy), redolent (ole-re, to smell), 
 redound (unda-re, flow), redintegrate (integer, whole). 
 
 35.— Aside, by oneself. 
 
 L. Sed or se : sed-i-tion, ("going aside") secede, select, separate, 
 and sever (pam-re, make ready, put). 
 
 sober and solve have SO another form of se {ebrius, 
 drunken ; LU, loose). 
 
 , Ijit ' dait€ wphil!,' or ' at top' : 0=F n/m nt : L. ad mnntem, at the moujitain. 
 
 SThe force of the prefix is almost lost in receive, rejoice, renown (Fr. nom, name', 
 remit! imd the three cognate words, repro'mte, reprove and reprieve; lit. to prove 
 again, or rather, perhaps, 'to throw back tlie proqf. 
 
DEIUVATION. 
 
 293 
 
 d6.— Under, upwards. 
 
 E. up: uph^'i, U2)bear, upbraid,^ (O.E. l.regdan, to braid). 
 
 L. sub (sup ;.->f, sue, sug, sus, sum) : subject, submit, suppress 
 mpport (portaro, to carry), sufer ("bear up"), mffice 
 (" make up"), succour (CUR, rnin), succumb (cimib-ere, lie 
 down), svstain (TEN, hold), subtemi, suspend (PEND 
 hang), surrogate, suggest (GES, carry, bring in), summon 
 (mone re, warn). So subterfuge? 
 
 G. hypo : hypothesis (placing under), hypo-tenuse^ (=8ub- 
 tending), hypogastric (gaster, stomach), /'yphen* (hen, one). 
 The primitive form is upr>, Eng. up (also m/ of above) ; 
 L. and G. prefixed s, probably part of an adverb meaning 
 ' from ' or ' out,' whence perhaps the meaning * upwards,' 
 i. 6., from under. This s Greek has as usual changed to h. 
 
 37.— Over, above. 
 
 B. over : oversee, over-eat, overtake (catch one over or ahead 
 of us). 
 
 L. super (Fr. sur) : superscription, superhuman, supervise 
 (VI D, see), supersede, surpass, surmount, surloin, sur- 
 name, surround, for sur-ound (unda, wave). 
 
 G. hyper : hyperbole (' shooting or throwing over the mark'), 
 hypercritical, hyperbatcn (going beyond), hyperborean (bor- 
 eas, north wind-). 
 
 38.— Across. 
 
 L. trans (tra, Fr. traf, tres) : transport, transfer, trans-it 
 traduce, traverse, traffic (FAC, .make, do), trespass (pas,' 
 step ), 
 
 tran (before S : transcend (SCAND, climb), transcript . 
 
 39.— Beyond. 
 
 L- ultra: uHra-marine, ultramontane, ultraradical. 
 
 ' Skeat quotes ' Bregdth sdna fe,5nd, i. e., 'he will soon seize the flend ' : so that uo- 
 hraid would mean to seize upon, arrest, accuse, -P 
 
 ' From 8ub-ter, a comparative of sub and FUG, flee. 
 
 » The tenousa is a participle from TEN, stretch. See the figure of Euclid I. 47. 
 
 * Joining ' under one,' i. e., into one word. 
 
 6 Perhaps this at first really meant 'across the mountains' (i. e., the Balkan a. 
 boreas seems to come from an old word 6o)i— meaning mountain. ' 
 
294 THE HIOII SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Outrage (O.F. oultrage), is a derivative from vltra, " 
 used as a sep.irate word. 
 
 40. -Against, back. 
 
 E. with : withstand, withdraw, withhold. A less common 
 prefix is found in gainsay. 
 
 From some of these prefixes used as sepai'ate words, or 
 words related to them, derivatives and compounds are 
 formed. 
 
 ab ante : avaunt, advantage, advance-ment. 
 
 extra : exterior, extreme, extraneous, strange (O.F. estrange), 
 estrange, extrinsic. 
 
 inter : interior, intimate, intestine (intus, within), entrails 
 enteric (Gr), 
 
 post : posterior, posthumous, postern (O.F. posterle), posterity, 
 preposterous. 
 
 super : superior, supreme, superb (superbus, proud), summit 
 and sum (sumrans, highest ; summa, total), insuperable- 
 sovereign. 
 
 Paragon is from Spanish paracon (pro-ad-con), in com, 
 parison with. 
 
 The following stems, not properly prefixes, often form 
 the first part of a compound : — 
 
 auto (Gr. ) : self ; as auto-graph. 
 
 demi (F.): half; as demi-god. 
 
 hetero (Cr-)' other; as Aeterofioajy (other opinion). 
 
 homo (Gr.) : same; as Aowiop^eTieoiw (gen-os = kind). 
 
 mono (L.) : one, only; as tnonograph. 
 
 multi (L.) • ni3,ny ; as multilateral, multitude. 
 
 omni (L-) • ^^^'f ^^ omnivorous (vora-re, eat). 
 
 pan (Gr-) • ^^^ (^^^o panto-); &a pantheist, pantomime. 
 
 poly (Gr.) : many; »& polygon (gonia, angle). 
 
 semi (L.) ; hemi (G.) : half; as semi-drcle, hemisphere. 
 
 vice (L-) • instead of ; 9& vice-covisul. 
 
 In the following words the form of the prefix is much 
 changed : — 
 
DERIVATION. 
 
 295 
 
 afford : ge-forth-ian, to further. 
 
 affray (whence afraid): O.F., effraier, from ex+ frithu,^ peace. 
 
 amend, assay : for emend, e88ay. 
 
 coil and cul! : O.F. coillir, L. colligere, gather together. 
 
 couch : O.F. colcher, L col-loca-re, to place. 
 
 curry, to : <^.F. conroier, roi, order. 
 
 quaint: O.F. coint, neat; L. cognitus, known. 
 
 megrim : for hemi-cranium, ' half-skull,' headache. 
 
 pilgrim: O.F. peleHn (]pelegrin); h. peregrinus, stranger. 
 
 pilcrow : for pararaph. 
 
 spend and sport : for dispend and disport. 
 
 provost : praepositus, one set over. 
 
 provender : praebenda, things to be furnished. 
 
 somersault (or -set) : F. soubre aault, leaping over. 
 
 sombre : L. umbra, shade ; prefix ex- or sub-. 
 
 elope and uproar are from Dutch, ont-loopen, to run awav. 
 and op roer, stirring up. 
 
 SuflBxes Traceable to Words. 
 
 -ard, (F. from O. H.G. hart) " one who " : d unkard, dastard 
 — generally implies excess. 
 
 -dom, (O.E. ddm, judgment) "rule," "the being"— earl- 
 dom, wisdom, Christendom f bumbledom, rascaldom. 
 
 -hood or head, (O.E. hdd state), "the being" widowhood, 
 childhood, godhead. 
 
 -ship (O.E. scap-an, to shape) ''thehemg" friendship, mreli 
 ship, apprenticeship. 
 
 -fast, firm : steadfast (stead, place) shamefaced^. 
 -fill, full of, producing : dutiful, dreadful, masterfd. 
 -less (O.E. leds, loose) without : speechUss, guiltless. 
 -ly (O.E. lie, like)-, (i) like '.friendly, masterly, (ii) man- 
 ner : speedily. 
 
 > So Prof. Paris as quoted by Skeat. But nerhansO.HO mhu «««£>» - ~^ 
 
 «kel> to be the word that found its way into French'. ' ' r- ■ -. - "■• .t 
 
 m^^irC'teinlniidt^"^^^^^ '" Shakspeare's time (see Schmidt), so that th. 
 
 
296 
 
 THK HIGH 8(,'I100L ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 -some (0. E. Hama, same) " Same as," '* tending' to " : 
 
 darksome, wearisome, toinsome (O.E. wyn, joy^. 
 -ward, direction : northward, wayivard (for away-ward). 
 
 -wise, manner ; « ew*^ rroa^tvise. 
 
 LesB nomrn..n aiittixe*- «.. " ^ od in knoir't-dfje, wedlock (l&c, gift, play) 
 hatred, kmui>"' "l«Wr V\u. ,1, (raud-an, U> advise), binhopric (rice, 
 kingdom) nortktru, tasum (fr. ^ run). "DbUi is oar present ''doom." 
 
 English Siifflxbe with Anaioorues Latin and Greek. 
 
 -m, that "wnirih ' seorm (sew), gleam (g'-'^w), hloom and 
 blossom (h\vw),/nth om (FATH to extend; 
 
 -m, S-m, -ism (G.), act or state : enthusiasm (entheos*, in- 
 spired), galvanism, criticism, witticisnt^. 
 
 -m (G. for -mat) schism (schiz-ein, split), problem (BEL throw). 
 -me (F. for L. -men) " that which " volume (VOLV, roll), 
 crime, lejume or legumen, leaven (leva-re, to raise). 
 
 The t of Greek and the n of Latin derivatives appear in secondary 
 derivatives ; e.g. schismat-ic, problematic, voluminouii, criminal. 
 
 -ment (L.) act, result : payment, pavement. 
 
 -n, en, that which, (sutfix of passive participle), little. 
 
 (ii) made of, like, (iii; to become (rare), to make. 
 
 morn (M()R, shine), cwn and quern, chicken (cock); 
 golden, silken ; wnken, warn (ware). 
 
 -k-in, little : lamhkin, napkin (nappa, a cloth). 
 
 -n (L.), an, ain (F), ine, -in, belonging to, one who: 
 
 Roma-n, human -ane, (homo, man), librari-an, Canad- 
 
 iam, {hj nxi^\o^y), European, certain, canine 
 
 (4) sovereign a.nd foreign for sovran (Milton), /or-am. 
 
 -on, (i) OOn, (F.) one who. (ii) large : centurion, bufoon, 
 inillion, balloon. 
 
 -nd: -nt and ent (L), -ant (F,) = -ing, hence the doer: 
 
 friend (frednd, loving), fiend (fednd, hating), errand-^ as- 
 pira-nt (aspira-re), militant (milita-re, to wage war) • 
 adherent, co fident and confidant (F). 
 
 • The i' is inserted by Analogy. 
 
 • lAt., ffoing, or that goes. 
 
 itrl 
 
DERIVATION. 
 
 297 
 
 to 
 
 This must be carefully distinijuished from— 
 -nd or end (L.) that must or should : reverend, addend, 
 tremendous, second (SEQ, follow). 
 
 -bund (L.) = -ing : mori-bund {movx, to die), vagaban-.. vaffa- 
 n, wander). ' ^ 
 
 N.B.— We must distinguish from the participle -ing^ 
 -ing (O. E. -ung), th ; ending of vei iml nouns, and 
 
 -ing,\ 1-ing, little : farthing, shilling (SKIL, divide), atrip- 
 ting, sapling (a little "sappy " uee). 
 
 -ness, '• the being : " darkness, drunkenness. 
 
 -ness := n -|- es for as = L. or. 
 -Or=^ (L), ear (Fr.), "the being, the quality of." ardour 
 (arde-re, to burn) candonr (cande-re, be white), grandeur. 
 
 -Ure (L & E.), "that which is:" Jigure (FIG, form). 
 verdure. 
 Leisure, pleasure, are old infinitives in ir, treasure is O. F. tresor. 
 
 -er, (L.) -est = -ior, comparison-suffixes ; superior, major. 
 
 -er, the doer, one connected with: urriter, beggar, liar, 
 sailor (misspellings for -er), law-y-er, saw-y-er, braz-i er. ' 
 
 The y may anse from the i that in O. E. was used to form derivative 
 verbs as luf-t-an, to love. 
 
 -er, r, 1, le, (i) that with which ; (ii) to do often or 
 
 feebly . 
 
 (i) Jinger (cp. Scotch fang, to catch), a?owcfer3 (wand), stair 
 
 and stile (stig-an, climb), teasel, nail (nag, scratch), 
 (ill) slobber, linger (be long), dribble, drizzle (dreds-an, fall). 
 -r, 1, (L.) whence ar, al, ile, belonging to : regular, civi-l 
 (civi-s, citizen), servile, polar, tidal. 
 
 -Ole, -Ule, -el, r-el little : i/lobule, oriole and oriel (Fr. for 
 aui-eolu-m, golden), mtchel, cockerel, jnckerel, mongrel^ 
 sco7i),(irel.^ 
 
 * Once forming patronymics, as Carling. 
 
 •That the ^ here stands for s is clear from such derivatives as honcxtate-m honpsfv 
 ^ y^ nomH-tm, honest, from honor; also from the alternative torml'o^^X^ws^' 
 
 "Liii , what makes one lum airkle with awe 
 nfinum men," " Thou carest for no ma" " 
 « From vu»n<ian, to mingle. « From ix-^-tch teunner, to nauseate 
 
 Skeat quotes, " Thii ue wan<ia8t for 
 
 
298 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOUD-BOOK. 
 
 
 ; 
 
 -ary (L. ariu s) -eer, -ier, -er (F.) : belonging to, one 
 
 who : adversary, secondary, mourdaineer, brigadier, 
 
 premier, buLher, warrior, bachelor, chancellor (-or for -er). 
 
 The French -er (for -ier) has become almost undistinguishable from the 
 
 Knglish er (O.E. -ere) ; but if dropping the -er leaves no English word, 
 
 the suflBx is probably French, e. g., butcher.* 
 
 d, t, th = L. t or te, whence ate, ite ; F. ee, ey, suffix of 
 
 passive participle— that which (ii) posSesSed of : 
 old, naked (naciaii, to shame), haft, gift, brand (brennan 
 to burn), uncouth, (cuth, known) ; winged ; desolate 
 ("made quite alone") , script, joint, definite, minute (minu- 
 ere, to make less), trustee, payee, jury, army ; robust 
 (robur, strength), palmate, passionate. 
 We find Italian and Spanish forms in— ade, ado (mas), ada (fern), ns 
 arcade, palisade, stockade, desperado, armada (= army). 
 
 -ate, sometimes means to make or to be, as captivate, assimi 
 late, militate (milit-em, a soldier) 
 
 -itate implies repetition, as agitate. 
 
 Verbs in a-te were once participles, or the imitations of such. 
 
 -et, Ot, Fr. (whence let), little : Jlower-et, ballot, stream-let. 
 
 -t, (G.) whence ite ist, one who : prophe-t (PHE, speak), 
 pafrio-t (patrio-s,2 belonging to his father), Israelite, 
 botanist. 
 -ist is formed originally from verbs in ize (O. iz-ein) ; as baptis-t from 
 baptize ; hence by analogy such words as sinecur-ist, geolog-isl. 
 
 -d, -ad. G., that which : monad, dacorde (for -ad). 
 
 -d, -id (L) ; having the quality of: vivid (viv-ere live), fervid 
 (FERV, glow). 
 
 -th (d,t) ; ce (F., from L. -tia), ice, is9, ess ; sy and sis,(G.), 
 
 act or state; strength, deed, (do) tide, (TI, divide), 
 height (for highth^), theft (O. E. theof-th) ;justi-ce, malice 
 ( malu-s, bad ), franchise ( O.F. franchiss for franc, free), 
 largess; analysis, paralysis and palsy, ec-sta-sy, famxyy 
 ( for fantasy ), frenzy (phren-e-sis, phren, mind). 
 
 ' One who kills he-goats (Fr. hoc) ; a word that shews the poverty of the peoole in 
 the Middle Ages. 
 
 .-r-,>rr---- " , , '" " l*~»^'>i7— pro5>aDi> tnruujjn connection witn 
 
 patn-s (G.), fatherlund. 
 
 « Used by Milton. The use of t is an instance of dissimilation. (H. S. Grammar, 
 
DERIVATION. 
 
 299 
 
 Practice w a Oreek &dj. prak-(i-ke, suited for doing. Greek and 
 
 ^yti c c'cv^atlc "" secondary derivatives as analyti-c, para- 
 
 -ty, -tude (F. from tat-em-, tuden em^, the being persmcd- 
 ty and -ity, brevity, fortitude, (forti-s, strong). 
 
 -ther = ter and tor (L. and G.), or (F. for a-tor) the doer • 
 
 mother, brother, sister''; minis-ter (minus, less), cap-tor 
 •au-thor (for auc-tor, increaser), ;wror, robber, engineer (for 
 -or), matador, battledoor\ stevedore* with Span, -dor = -tor 
 -der (for ther) == tr (L. and G.), that by Which: rudder 
 (U.K.. ro-tljer), bladder theatre (thea- to view), centre 
 (kent-ein, to goad). 
 
 -S-ter, one who (once fem. only), means of, spinster. Bax- 
 ter. Brewster,' songster, bolster (bolla, a ball), hohter 
 (trom Dutch hiill-en, to cover). 
 
 -y, -ow having, like, (ii.) that which, (iii.) Uttle (O.E 
 -ig) • c (L. & G.), whence ic, ique (F.) belonging to, 
 
 like • icy, clayey, mighty , body,^ willmv ( WAL, to roll) 
 dummy. Tommy, civi-c (civi-s, citizen), cardia-c (g' 
 kardia = heart), logi-c (logo-s, speech), antique (ante)- 
 zoological, &c., with -ical expressing no more than -ic. 
 
 -ish (O E. -isc) = -esque (F from o. H. G. -isk) like 
 
 belonging to, heathenish, English, F;%nch ; picturesque 
 grotesque (like paintings in old crypts or grots) 
 " Somewhat "—bluish, oldish. 
 ish (isc) is formed for -ig by inserting s ; -ing, little, by inserting n. 
 
 Latin and Greek Suffixes. 
 
 -y, -e (F. for L. ia, ium), mostly ^^ith change of t to c whence 
 
 by analogy cy, ncy, nce, act or state of: and -ry 
 (r + y), coUection, place, product, art; forbear- 
 
 * Double suffixes. 
 
 «The meanings of these words seem to be respectively, " niana>fer." " l)earer " i\ t- 
 supporter), consoler." Dau-fhter (t by dissimilation seems to meao " the millier " 
 •Lit. 'beater.' 
 
 ♦From stipare, to crowd, hence to stow. 
 6 Surnames derived from trades once followed by women. 
 •Probably "what binds the soul." 
 
 i 
 
 fe, 
 
 it i 
 
 
300 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOKD-BOOK. 
 
 I 
 
 ance supremacy, bankruptcy, modesty, accuracy, (horn 
 -ate), excellence (from -ent), cavalry, tanner-y, poetry, 
 carpentry. ^' r ./> 
 
 -tor-y, SOr-y, or-y place, lending to ; Moratory, manda- 
 tory, cursory (CUR, run). 
 
 History (G.) literally means '* enquiry » from histor, en- 
 quirer, ceme-tery (koiman, to sleep) and monis-tery 
 shortened to minster are analogous formations from 
 Ureek. /'«^/o««-,miVror,re<eryoir,are shortened forms 
 -ion, (L ) state or act ; union and omW (unu-s, one), coercion 
 
 -tion, -sion, -a-tion (L.), son (Fr), act, what is done: 
 
 ra-tion and reason (RA, reckon), solution, mission (MIT 
 send), rechmp-tion and rari-sow, salva-ticm (salva-re to 
 save), starv-ation. 
 
 -ble, able, -ible (L) that cac be: *oZwiZe (SOLV 
 
 loosens deleble, (dele-re, blot out), cAmymVe, inexpressible. 
 
 -CUle, -Cle (L.I. F.) (i) cause of, (ii) little : miracle, mi- 
 
 7mT ^ '""'*''"' ^° >^onder), oftsmc^e (obsta-re, to hinder), 
 
 -ge, -age (F. from L. a-ticum) : that, which, place, col- 
 lection, belonging to, mira-ge, savage (silva, wood) 
 hermitage, foliage, postage. 
 
 -lent (L) over full of: vim-lent (virus, poison), turbulent 
 (turba, crowd). 
 
 -ese -ess, &c. belonging to: Chinese, burg-ess, cmrteous 
 (formerly corteys). 
 
 -ish (F^) to make or become : publish, vanish. The Lat 
 suffix IS esce, " to become gradually," as deliquesce. 
 
 -ise (F.), ize (G.), to make or become : judaize, civilise. 
 
 -OUS (F.), -ose (L.), full of: courageous, beauteous, aqu-eoua 
 (by analogy), verbose (verbu-m, word). 
 In many wor.ls. especially those in -uoiis, -ferous-, gerous, -oiis is 
 ofTaThXcetr''' " '"'"'^'" "'^^''^ "^"" 'havinlthe iuallties 
 
 -ive (L.), -iff (F.), that can ; one who : diffusive, inexpr^s- 
 
 stve (note the different force of -ble), plaintive, -iff. 
 
 In words from Latin -ive, is generally added to the parti- 
 
 ciple-stem, as in decisive. d.t>Mvur:iitio nc^ny,^.,..^A ....vi, 
 
 aecide, destroy. 
 
DERIVATION. 
 
 301 
 
 Roots and Derivatives. 
 
 Each of the following paragraphs will, in general, begin with 
 a group of related English words, together with kindred words 
 borrowed from other Teutonic languages. Then follows a list 
 of kindred Latin and Greek forms which have given rise to 
 what are now English words. 
 
 It must be ren.embered that the Teutonic lanjruages have 
 greatly changed the ' stops ' of the original Indo European lan- 
 guage (see the last two pages of the High School Grammar), a 
 change which seems to have taken [)lace in this way. The 
 oi'iginal Indo-European language had aspirated consonants, gh, 
 dh, bh (Greek ch, th, ph ; Lat. h and f), from which the 
 Teutons dropped h leaving in Englisli g, d, b. Then g, d, b 
 were changed to k, t, p, and the original k, t, p to h, th, f. 
 
 This is indicated thus : — 
 
 English g for gh, d for dh, b for bh, k, t, h. th, f, answer to 
 Latin h, f or d, f or b, ) , , . 
 
 Greek ch, th, ph, / ^'' ''' ^' ^' P* 
 
 In the following lists O.H.G. 
 T lar ; I., Icelandic or old Norse. 
 
 ph, 
 
 will mean Old High Gram- 
 The sign = indicates that the 
 words joined by it are parallel forms. A word in italics is de- 
 rived from that which precedes it. 
 
 When the root of a group of words is mentioned, it must be 
 remembered that the form actually given may be only one of 
 two or three differing in their vowels, but all equally primitive. 
 Thus FER is the root of differ, PHOR of metaphor. Formerly 
 it was supposed that both were " corruptions " of BHAR, but 
 this view is now given up, e and O being now recogn zed as 
 primitive vowels. When, therefore, a root is given with a as 
 its vowel, we must understand this a as symbol for e and o 
 also. Similarly when 1 or u is given, we shall probably find 
 parallel forms with diphthongs as ei, ai, etc. 
 
 Acre (O. E, aecer, field) L. ager, field i. e. ' what is driven 
 over,' from AG, drive, move, lead : whence, L. actu-S, 
 impulse; axi-S axle; ala, contracted from axula, wing; 
 
 ., leader. Ache (O.E. ece), and G. agon, 
 struggle (" with notion of violent movement"). 
 
 .!„ 
 
 up 
 
 agogo-s 
 
302 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Der. : acorn {not oak-corn^), agrarian, anibi^Miity, actn-ate/ 
 -ary, axial, aisle ; agility ; demagogue (demo-s, people)' 
 synagogue (agoge, leading), enegetic (G. hege-o-niai, lead) 
 hegemony (G. liegemon, leader), strategy, (strato-s, army )' 
 stratagem, agony. ' 
 
 AghasV gasted, (Lear, II., i., 57), gaze, ghost (O.E. 
 gast), ghastly. Teut. GAIS, to terrify, cp, L. heere-re 
 
 (uses), to stick.. 
 Der. : ghostly, garish ; adhesive, hesitate, cohere, inherent 
 Ail (O.E. eglan), eel (O.E. eel), awe (I. agi), ugly (I. ugga, 
 to frighten), from a root AGH, to choke or afflict • whence 
 L. angUStu-S, narrow; anxlus, vexed; effe-re be in 
 want. 
 
 Der.: anguish, ind-igent^, quinsy for kyn anche, "dog throt- 
 tling. 
 
 Angler (O.E. angel, a hook) and ankle from ANK, to 
 bend ; whence L. ancora*, anchor ; L. angulus, angle. 
 Der. : awkward (see Skeat), triangle. 
 
 Am (for asm), L. and G. ES, be; Latin participle sent 
 being, (m present, absent), cp. sooth^ (O.E. sdth) and 
 
 ety-mo-s, true. ' 
 
 Der. : etymology, essential, intei-est, sin (see Skeat). 
 
 Arm, what reaches; root-meaning, reach or fit, rime (misspelt 
 
 rhyme, L artu^S, limb; art-em, art ; ra-tus, reckoned, 
 
 agreed ; O.E. rim, number), ratlon-em, a reckoning. 
 
 Ct. arithmos, number ; harmonia«, a fitting together 
 
 Der. : rate, reason, arraign (call to a reckoning), harmonical. 
 
 B for BH ; Latin, P, Greek, PH. 
 Banns, proclamation— banish^ bandit, boon (N bdn 
 
 prayer) ; root-meaning, to speak. L. fa-ri to speak, fa- 
 num temple; fa-tum fate, '* what is spoken," fa ma 
 report. G. phone, sound, PHE- speak. 
 
 » In O.E., sucerii ; cp. tiuthic akraiia, fruit, fioiu aki-s, ii field 
 
 be'iSSd!""^ *''*^*^* ^"^^'"'^^ "P- *'«""" "^•^'^•"'•^ "^^^^^ hLnself ;us.,.ais„a». to 
 
 - ind- is an extonslou of in. 
 
 ♦ Borrowed from Greelt. 
 
 « toth for sant = L. -xm« — Greel? et for scat, whence etvmo>t. 
 
 iiir "vjxvctvn were iwtc cne (JOCKiieVh in their use of h If fa /\fi-/^» i«„ i. j % 
 not needed ; it is quite lost in modern CJreell ^"•'" *"«erted where 
 
 I Through French and I>n,te Latin from the eognate Iligii German words. 
 
DEKIVATION. 
 
 303 
 
 Der. : abandon, contrabands ineffable, nefarious (fas, riaht) 
 tairy, anthem, phoi , prophecy, phonograph, telephone. ' 
 
 Be; boo-r and bower (bu-an to dwell), bond-man and 
 
 nUSbana (I. bondi, dweller), by-law^ and bvre* • root 
 meaning, to grow or become. L. futuru-S about 'to be • 
 tn-bU-S, tnbo; FE to produce; whence fe-li-s cat • 
 fe-llC-em, fruitful, prosperous. G. phy-sis, nature; 
 imp (for emphyton), graft, child. 
 Der. : futurity, tribute, physician. 
 
 Bear, == L. FEE = G. PHOR ; brother = L. frater. 
 
 Der.: bier, borrow, offer, metaphor, fraternal, friar, fratricide 
 
 Bide (O.E. bid-an) ; a-bide, abode ; cp. L. fid-ere (older form 
 
 feid^re), to trust foedus (feder-), treaty ; jlducia, trust, 
 
 fldeh-S, faithful, fide-S (O.F. feid), faith, whence dif- 
 
 nda-re, to renounce faith, to defy.*^ 
 
 Der : confidential, fedeml, fiduciary, perfidious, affiance, 
 fidelity = fealty, * 
 
 Bite, bitter, beetle ("the biter"), bait (I. beita, make to 
 bite), whence a-bet* (a for ad) ; root-meaning to split, cp 
 hence L^fis-SU-S (for fid-tu-s), split : fl-ni s (for tid-ni-s)," 
 end, at-fini-S, near; flni-re to finish. Hence fine (adi ) 
 = finite, finished; (noun) s, Jinal payment; whence /?- 
 nance ; also vent, formerly fente. 
 Der. : imbitter, aflinity, paraffine (parum, little), confine, 
 define, finial, finish, fissure. 
 
 Blink, blench, bleak (O.E. bide, shining); blank, blanch 
 
 (Ir from O.H.G. blanch). L. FULG, shine; fulmen, thu- 
 derbolt; flagrare to burn, flamma (for flag-ma), 
 /awe;flagltium, a shameful crime; G. PHLEG, burn 
 
 ro^r WiT/?^ *^^ ^.^''^''^ f^^^^^ «f 1^ t« 1 we may take here bright 
 (O. l!i. beorht) ; and fng-ere, to roast ; whence /ry. ^ 
 
 Der : bleach, effulgence, blanket, inflammation, flagitious 
 phlegm. * ' 
 
 ' O.H.G. baa or pan, a proclaiuat.ou. 
 « I. fty a town. 
 » I. btir, house, granary. 
 
 « This meaning appears in Shalcespeare's lines :— 
 " Ali studies here I solemnly defy 
 Save how to gall and pinch this BoHnffhroke " 
 ^Ahet was formed in French with a French prefix from the Norse verb. 
 
304 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 (i.) Blow, to putt" (O.E. bliw-au), bladder, blain (O.E. ' 
 
 bleg-en), bleb, blubber; blaze (verb, O.E. blteWn), 
 
 blas-t, blazon, blister, bluster, blare, and blurt 
 (with r for s), blot, bleat; blaze (noun, blsese), blush 
 
 Both blaw-an and blae's-an are extensions of BLA, 
 cp. L. FLA, blow ; flatu-S, wind, 
 (ii.) BLOW, to flower (O.E. blown), bloom, blossom, 
 
 blood.^ L. flos, flor-em, flower ; flore re, to bloom. 
 
 Both groups are of the same origin. 
 
 Der. : (i.) blazonry, emblazon, flatulent, inflation, afflatus, 
 
 conflated, (ii.) floscule, bleed, inflorescence, flour (*' flower 
 
 of wheat "), florin (from Florence). 
 
 Bore = fora-re ; G. pharjmx, gullet ; Celtic bar, whence 
 
 barrier, embarass, barrack, and probably barrel, seems to 
 belong to this root, taken in the sense " to cut." 
 Der. : pe C rate, embargo, barricade, debar, disbar, barrister. 
 
 Borough and burrow (O. E. burh, town), burgomaster, 
 (Du.); burgess and burglar^ bury, borrow (borg, 
 
 pledge), all connected with O. K. beorg-an, to protect, 
 root BHARK, whence L. farci-re, to cram ; frequ-ent-em, 
 crowded. G. PHRAK, in diaphragm. 
 Der.: hauberk ( hals, neck), habergeon, harbour (L 
 herbergi-3), harbinger ; force meat, frequentative. 
 
 Bow (O.E. biig-an, to bend), el bow, buxom (for buh-sum*), 
 badge (bedg, ring^), bight, bout (Dan. bugt, a turn), 
 bow (of a ship, I. bog-r), perhaps buy. L. FUG, flee. 
 Der. : bower-anchor, fugue, fugitive, subterfuge. Bough 
 (O.E. b(5g, arm), seems to come from a different root. 
 
 Break, brake^ breach, breeches^ brick (F. brique a 
 
 fragment); bray, to pound (O. F. brei-er, OHG brech-en) 
 to break). L. FRAG, jfrang-ere, fract, to break, frag- 
 
 1 So called from its colour. 
 
 « Both through Fr. from O.H.G. burc; lar, from L. latron-em, thief. 
 
 8 From herr, army, and bjar>ja, to defend. 
 
 ♦ "Easily bent." 
 
 6 At least from a form parallel to it in Old Low German. Skeat refers to Old 
 Saxon boif, a rmg, and Low Lat. baia, collar, 
 
 • Brake, a machine, is from Old Dutch or Piatt Deut«oh • braJcp p. tbif'ket —e? '■- 
 
 mean broken ground, and may be pure English. ' ' " "^ '" "■" 
 
 ^Breeches is from O. E. broc.pl br6c, which has not the declension of a borrowed 
 woj-d. It would seem to mean the ' broken, t. e., divided garment.' 
 
DKRIVATION. 
 
 306 
 
 (I- 
 
 ili-S,/mi^ Celtic brag (Irish brag-aim, I boast), lit. a 
 breaking forth. 
 
 Der. : Breakfast, brakesman, bracken, fragment, fracture, 
 irrefragable, infringe, refractory. 
 
 Brook (O. R briic-an, to use), broker, cp. L. fru-i (for 
 nug-i), fruc-t- to enjoy, fructus and fruges, fruit. 
 Probably L. fung-i (funct-) is related. 
 Der. : frugiferous, fruition, fruit ; function, defunct 
 Call, crane, care (O.E. cearu, sorrow^), jar ; i-oot-meaning, 
 to make a harsh noise; L. GAR, chatter; garrulus, 
 chattering, gallus, cock, au-gur (avis, bird), a sooth- 
 sayer, slogan (Gael sluagh-gHim, the host's cry). 
 Der. : garrulous, gallinaceous, augury. 
 
 Can, ken, keen, know ( O. E, cunn-an and cnawan ) 
 = GNO (L. and G.), to know ; gno tu-s or notU-S, (L.) 
 
 Known, nomen, name; gnaru-s, knowing; i-gnora-re, 
 
 be unknowing ; nota, mark , narra-re, to tell (make 
 knowing). 
 
 Der. : cunning, kith, noble, notable, cognomen, noun, nar- 
 
 rative, notoriety ; gnostic, gnomon. 
 Come, root KWAM2 == GWAM whence L. (by loss of g.), 
 
 VEN, and by assimilation am-bula-re, walk, G. BAN, 
 
 or BA go, whence basi-S, foot, base. 
 Der. : Comely, perambulator, ambulatory, venture, ad- vent, 
 
 con-venticle, &g. ; basal Arbiter, from ar for ad and 
 
 -ry ; -am of ambulare 
 
 bit-ere, to go. Hence arbitra-tion 
 is evidently for ambi-. 
 
 Corn and quer-n (" ground " and " grinder " , chi^m (O. E. 
 ceran to turn), root KAR, to grind , cp. L. gran-um, 
 grain. L grandis and gra-Vl-S = G. bary-S, heavy, 
 whence aggravate, grief, bary-tone, baryta, probably from 
 the same root, but with the sense " oppress." 
 Der : kernel, curmudgeon (for corn-mud.i;ing, corn hoard- 
 ing , garner, granary, grange, garnet, pomegranate. 
 
 Ohoose, choice, and kiss (O.E. coss), root-meaning, to 
 taste , L. gUStu-S, taste, whence F. gout, taste. 
 Der. : mgout, gustatory. 
 
 » Gemmn.lit. the ' shonter ' is explained a^ the name given by the Gauls, to their 
 enemies, the hurrahing Teutons. 
 
 " Which is found in the Gothic hwain, I came. 
 
 21 
 
3U6 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 D (originally DH) = G. th . L. f, d (not initial.. 
 Dare, durs-t, (cp. G thars OS courage) from H root meaning 
 to be firm ; cp. L. forma, shape; fre-nu-m, rem ; 
 firmu-S, strong; G. throno-S, seat, thorax, breast- 
 plate. 
 
 Draw, dregs, drain, dray, dredge, also drink, drown 
 
 (M.E. drunc-n-ian), from another extension of the same root. 
 Der. : refrain, affirm, force, drawl, draggle, draught, drench. 
 
 Dike (O.E. die, what is formed or moulded), dough, (O.E. 
 daj'g), lady (loaf kneed v), dairy (N. deig, a maid or 
 kneader), cp. L. FIG (fict), to make up ; whence feign (F 
 feind-re for L. ting-ere). 
 Der. : figure, figment, fictile, fiction, feint and faint. 
 
 Do, doom, root-meaning, place ; cp L. FAC (fac-t, Fr. fait) 
 do, make ; hence -fy- ; facili-S, " do-able," easy ; famu- 
 lus, house-slave; m-ber, workman; Gr. THE place; 
 thesaurOS, treasure, (O. Fr. tresor). 
 Der. : deed, deem, dempster, feat, benefit, counterfeit, 
 deficit, forge, fabricate, frigate, fashion, faction, facility 
 and faculty, family, feasible, theme, hypothec, epithet. 
 
 Dust ; Lat. fu-mus, smoke ; Gr. thy-mo-S, thyme ; thy- 
 
 os, incense. Deaf, dumb, damp, and G. tjrpho-s, 
 
 mist, contain an extended form. 
 Der. : thurible, tunny, (for thunny), fume, typh-us and -oid 
 
 Dull, dwell (originally detain, deceive), deceive ; L. fraud- 
 -em, deceit ; frustra, in vain. 
 Der. : dolt, fraudulent, frustrate. 
 
 East,^ Easter, cp. L. aurora dawn ; root EUS or AUS, 
 
 shine or burn. L. US-tuS, burnt; auru-m., gold ; aUS 
 ter, south wind (the " burner "). 
 Deriv. : Auroral, adust ; auriferous, oriole and oriel (Fr. or) 
 gold, austere (auterus, stern). The connection of combus- 
 Hon is not certain. 
 
 Edge (O.E. ecg), ear^; root meaning sharp, swift ; L. ac-er, 
 sharp; ace-re, be sour; aCU-tUS, sharp; G. akrOS, 
 sharp, top. Also, L. equUS ; G. hippoS, horse. 
 Der. : acrimony, eager, vinegar, ague, acrostic 
 
 »0. E. East, Eastre, goddess of sprinar, in which eii represents as usual, as older au 
 from wBm In Latin s between two vowels regalarly bec^oiues r ; cp. our were with 
 
 tMM. 
 
DERIVATION. 
 
 307 
 
 Else (O.E. ell-es, gen of el, other) akin to Liit. aliu S and Gv. 
 allo-S, other, and Lat. alter, the other. 
 Deriv. : Alien, alibi, alias, inalienable, alteration, alternate, 
 altercation,^ altruism, parallel. 
 
 P originally P. 
 
 Pair,' (or fseger), fain, fang, root FAG,^ to fasten, whence 
 
 pac-em, peace ; pac-tus, agreed ; impingere (im- 
 
 pactu-8, to fasten (hence strike) upon; palu-S (for pac-lus) 
 a pale ; PagUS, a village ; Pagina, a page. Pee (O. E. 
 feoh, cattle) cp. L. peCU, cattle, whence pecunia 
 money ; peculium, a slave's own herd ; all pointing to 
 the time when cattle constituted the chief property. 
 Der. : pay (Fr payer, to appease), compact, impact, im- 
 pinge , pole, pawl, impale ; fief, feudal, fellow (I. felagi*), 
 pecuniary, peculation, pack (a Celtic word), pagan (cp. 
 heath-en.) 
 
 Pare (faran, to go) far, fear,' fl-esh (O. E. fersc, lit. going) 
 firth ^I. fjorth-r) root-meaning, to cross, whence L. ex- 
 peri-ri, to try, and peric(u)um, trial, danger portu-S 
 & port; porta, a gate; porta-re, to carry; G. peir-a 
 ein, to try; poro-S a passage. Also, L. para-re, get 
 ready, and pare-re, appear-. 
 
 Der. ; ferry, ford, wayfarer ; expert, experiment, perilous, 
 importunate, opportune (portunu-s, accessible); porte, 
 porter, porch = portico, port-ly, -pur-port, important,' 
 pirate, porous, Bosporus (60 i, great, lit. "ox"), parade. 
 
 Pathom (O.E. fseth-m), cp. L. pate-re, to be open, and 
 pand-ere (pans), to stretch ; passus, pace. G. peta- 
 lon, leaf. 
 
 Deriv. : patent, expansive, pass, pace, compass, petal, pan, 
 i(short form of paten or patine, as pail of patella.) 
 
 1 Lat. alteroari ; the origin of the c is not certain. 
 
 "Grig, "fit," the meaning of Gothic fagrs. 
 ^ « Verner has shown that after an originally unaccented vowel, thn li. f.Vi «« € *k«* 
 ui Teutonic languages represents an Aryan k, t, p changes to g,' b or d. ' * * *"** 
 
 * Sharer in afelag or property from fe -|- lag, law. 
 
 ' Used originally of the perils of wayfarers 
 
 
308 
 
 THE HIGH SOHOOL KNOLISH WOKD-HOOK. 
 
 Feath er, flnd\ cp. Lat. penna"' (f »i- petna), also pinna and 
 Gr. ptero-n, wing ; rool-mcaning, tall or fly, L. pet- 
 ere, fly towards, seek ; Gr. PET (or pto), fall. 
 Der. : pen, pinnacle, diptera, pterodactyl (daktylos, finger), 
 coleoptera (koleo-s shield), compete, compatible, impetuous, 
 perpetual, petition, propitious, asynii)tote, symptom. 
 
 Fire = G. pyr, lit. what purifies ; cp. L. pu-ru-S, pure ; 
 puta-re, cleanse, lop, reckon. 
 Der. : fiery, purify, count = compute, amputate, impute, 
 pyrometer, pyrotechnics (techne, art), pyrites. 
 
 Flax, fold''; L. plica-re to fold, plect-ere to plait. Also 
 
 — plex (in compounds) =fold. 
 
 Der. : imply = employ = implicate ; explicit = exploit ; 
 
 simplicity, complicate ; plagiary (plagium, kidnapping, 
 
 from plaga, a net). 
 
 Flow, fly (O.E. fledg-an) ; fleet, flit, float, root meaning, 
 
 to flow or float ; cp. pluma, feather ; plora-re, to weep. 
 
 JV.B. — There is no connection with L. flu-ere, to flow. 
 
 Der. : flood, flutter, fledge, flight, fly (n); plumage, ex- 
 plore. 
 Food, foster (O. E. faster, for fdd-stor, nourishment) fod- 
 der; L. pastu-S, fed; pastor, shephered; pani-S, 
 bread. 
 
 Father = L. pater, probably from the same root in the 
 sense " to protect." Also, L. poti-S, able , posse, to be 
 able ; hospitem, host ; cp. G. despote-S, master, axxS 
 Pan, the shepherd-g'od. Feed, forage = (Low Lat. 
 fodrum) ; 
 
 Der. : pasture, pastoral, pabulum, pantry, companion, pan- 
 nier, paternal, patrimony, potent, possible, hospitable, 
 hostel = hospital = hotel, hostler, hospice. 
 
 Foot, fast, vat (O. E. fset]. L. ped em, foot , im- 
 pedi-re, hinder, ex-pedi re, to further. G. pod-a, 
 
 foot. 
 Der. : fetter, fetlock, pedestal,* pedestrian, impediment, ex- 
 pediency, pawn, and pioneer (Old Fr. and Spanish peon 
 
 X 
 
 lOrify., light upon. 
 
 - By asoiniiiation ; the intermediate form pcsma has good authority. 
 
 8 0,E. feald-an, Gothic falth-an akin to flah-to, which shows the root to be FLAH. 
 
 * Stal, through Italian, from Oeriuan stall, a stall. 
 
DERIVATION. 
 
 •^(•0 
 
 V 
 
 ex- 
 
 foui-r'^oTT' *^"* ^'^'^^®^')' t''i-P0^J> trapezoid (G. tetm- 
 
 FuU folk, flocks root-notion, to fill. Lat. plere, to 
 n inT>^\® r"^ Dlenu S, full ; plus, more ; mani- 
 PUIU-S, handful ; pfebe S, commons ; po pulus, people, 
 whence publlCUS (for popli-cu-) ; pi- = fold G 
 plethOS, fulness; poli-S, city; poUte-S, cititizen: 
 poly-S, many. ' 
 
 Der.: Plenary plural, plebeian, popular, manipulate, ample 
 double, triple, &c., implement, complete, phethora, polity' 
 policy, police, metropoli-s (mother city). 
 
 G for GH, Latin, H, or F ; Greek, GK 
 Gird, glean, yard, garden (Fr. from O.H.G.) ; root-mean- 
 ing to seize or hold ; L. hor-tU-S, garden ; late L 
 
 SoL^®'^ ^i''''."' f ^^°;t-«°i')' castle, yard, hered-em; 
 
 kce' ^^®"*' ^'^"""^ ("holder") chorO-s, a dancing 
 
 Ber. : girth, horticulture, courteous, heredity, chiro^^raphv 
 surgeon ; (contraction of chirurgeon), choir. ^ ^ J' 
 
 ^^^^il2; ^' ^^1 • ' ^"^^*^^' ,^^^^®' ^lass, glare, gleam, 
 g impse glimmer, glee, glib, glide, gloomfglow 
 gloat, gloss, glitter, glint, glance, glisten froo^ 
 
 meaning, to shine or glow • vellow ffold arnixy 
 green, also guild and'Wd ffrim lild^n! V^^^ 
 cp. G. Chloro-S, green ;chryso-S, gold ;chole ( =gall), 
 biJe; also^^ with a metaphorical application yearn (O E 
 georn) ; GI^ charis, favor, thanks. L. l-omac-em,' 
 furnace, and G. thermo-S, hot, are generally explained 
 as irregularly for hornac-em, chermo-s 
 i)er : gloaming gild, guilt (O. E. gylt, debt), chlorine, 
 chrysalis, choleric ; eucharist. 
 
 N. B.~Charity is for caritate-m, love, not from charis 
 grace. ' 
 
 Goad (O.E. gdd'), gad (I. gaddr), yard (O. E. gyrd, a rod) 
 root-meaning, to strike ; cp. L. hos-ti-S, enemy ; hence 
 stranger," cp. guest (O. E. gsest). 
 
 ^"■••"•'•v * VKiiaiiL ui loiK (cfKcat). 
 » Cohortem originally meant a yard or enclosure. 
 * For goad, cp. Gothic yazda. 
 
 I- 
 
 I 
 ft 
 
 IS-vJ 
 
310 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL KNGLISII WORDBOOK. 
 
 Der. : gadfly, gacl-about, hostility, host* ; also garfish, j^ar- 
 lic (O. E. gdr, spear. 
 
 Grind ; JL frica-re, rub ; Gr. chri-ein, to anoint. 
 Der, : gi'ist, fricative, friable, friction, chrism, Christ. 
 
 Gut,^ ingot, gush,^ geysir,^ gust,^ -pour ; L. FUND 
 
 (fus), pour, futiHs (easily emi)tiecl), refuta-re, to pour 
 back ; fonte-m, fountain ; hauri-re (haust-), to drain ; 
 G. CHY, pour. 
 Der. : fuse, found.'y, futility, refutation, font,*, nugget (for 
 " ningot "), [)rofusion, foison = fusion, confound, refund, 
 suffuse, exhaust, chyle, chyme, chemist. 
 
 H originally K, I^tin G. 
 
 Ham (so called from the ** bend " in the leg), hem, root- 
 meaning, bend, cp. cam (in Shakespeare from Welsh cam, 
 
 crooked), L. cam-era, vaulted room, Fr. chambre. 
 
 Der. : akimbo, concamerated, the Cam, chamber, comrade 
 (Span, camarada), chum. Some would add hammercloth 
 (I. hamr, covering) ; others hammer. 
 
 Hate (O E. hatian, orig., to drive away), root-meaning fall, 
 hence fell or drive, CAD (cas-), fall; oasUS, chance, 
 OED (cess), go or yield. 
 Der. : heinous (F. haine from Low German, hatjan to hate), 
 cadroous, Occident, chance = cadence, cheat (for escheat*), 
 case, casual, parachute (Fr. chute, a fall), decadence, decay, 
 cession, ex-ceed (so pro- and sue-), cede, recede, cease. 
 
 Have, hawk= havoc (O.E. hafoc), hovel (hof, house), 
 
 heave (O.E., hebban)— all from HAF seize ; cp. L. CAP 
 (cap-t, F. ceiv-, ceit-) to take, capta-re or captia-re, to 
 chase ; cap-aC em, able to contain ; cap-Sa, chest. From 
 the same root couie, head. (O.E. heafod) = L. caput 
 
 (capit, F. chef), G. keph-ale,^ L. capillu-s, hair. 
 
 ^Hogt, an entertainer, for hospltem, see under food ; host, an army, from hostem 
 (though misunderstanding the phrase "bannitus in hostem,,' "summoned against the 
 enemy" to mean "summoned for an expedition"); host, the sacramental l)read, 
 from hostia, a victim. 
 
 " Also in Provincial English, a channel ; cp. the " Out of Canso." 
 
 * Of Norse origin. 
 
 * Baptismal /on< is fcnt-em,/o»t of type is O.F. fonte, from fondre, to cast. 
 
 '- What falls tu tiiC- er.r.vii for •.viiiit uf hcin;. The word got its present meuiitiiir 
 from the rascality of the royal " Escheators." 
 
 « Only vt^th another Buffix. 
 
DKRIVATION. 
 
 311 
 
 Dor. ; haft, haven ( what contains ) heavy, heaven Ci) 
 receive receipt, conceit, &c., incipient; chase = catch, 
 cate cater,! cap, case = chaHe,'^ = H,ush, casket, capitulate 
 chapter captain =^ .hieftain, caf tJe« = chattle, = capital 
 chevtl) ''*' ^^^' '^^''^ ^^^ ^^'' '"^' capillary, dishevel (F.' 
 
 Heal (O. E. hae'la.., from hdl), w hole (hdl), hale * hail -* 
 
 G. kalo-S beautiful, kallos beauty. ' 
 
 Dor : Health, loly. holiday, halibut, hollyhock (both for 
 iioly-), hallo^^, wholesome, wassail (lit. "be hale")- cali- 
 graphy, calisthenics (sthenos strength). ' 
 
 Heart (O.E. heorte) = L. cordi« = G. kard-ia ; root mean- 
 mg to leap or swing ; whence also L. Cardin-em, hinge. 
 Der.: hearty, cordial, core, Cceur de Lion, coumge, (Fr.) 
 quarry' (O.F. coree, Intestines of slain animal), cardiac 
 pericardium, cardinal. ' ' 
 
 Hedge, haw, cp. L. cingere (cinct-), to sun-ound. 
 
 Der.: hawthorn, church-hay, hag, haggard, precincts, cincture. 
 
 ^^h!Sf ^T^' ?f ® ^^/t^^^ i^. Hf^")' ^®ll' ^ole, hollow, 
 
 hold, and holster, (Dutch) hull, husk (once hulsc) 
 cover or hide; L. cela-re, to hide; cella a cell ; clam 
 secretly ; OC-CUl-ere to hide ; color,^ color. 
 Der. : helmet, conceal, cellar," clandestine, occult, domicile. 
 
 ™^An^ni^'o*'^'i^'^- ^^- °el-8^S, high; CUl-men, top; 
 
 columna, pillar. G. kara, head ; cp. L. cerebrum 
 
 brain "borne m the head," and CervJC-em, neck (carry- 
 ing the head). ^ •' 
 
 Der. : hillock, excelsior, culminate, colonel, cheer^" (see 
 
 okeat), cerebral, cervical. ^ 
 
 Probably from the same root in the sense 'to be hard,' ai-e 
 
 » Formerly catour and acatour, buyer (accepta-re). 
 
 « Chase, to hunt, is from captare : a frame, is from capsa, as in casket 
 
 8 Once cattle constituted most men's capital. 
 
 ♦Norse, from heilt ; from hal, must come, hole misspelled whole. 
 
 6 The nominative cor has dropped dl. ' ' 
 
 « Quarry (for stone) is from quadra-re to square, and should be quorrer 
 
 ^ Conceived of as a covering that hid the real surface of the object. 
 
 a Not a Sat" eellur, -.vhich comes from buI, salt, and should be gcUiere 
 
 » The O.E. hyll corresponds to L. colli-s, y being after an " umlaut " f' r o 
 
 JO Spenser's Red Cross Knight was " of his cheer too solemn sad." 
 
 
• JUBHiif > !ML i g. . '■ 
 
 312 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOKD-BOOK. 
 
 horn = L. cornu ; L. carina, a nut shell; a hull; and 
 can cer, crab ; wlience hornet, cornei", cai een, cancer. 
 
 Home (O.E. hdm), hive (O.E. hiw, a house), while ("a rest"). 
 hind (see Skeat), L. QUI to rest ; ci-vi-S, citizen ; G 
 
 koiman, to sleep. 
 
 Der. : Quiet, quit, quite, acquiesce, requiem, city (Fr. cit^, 
 L. civitat-em, a state), citizen^ cemetery, comic and comedy 
 (G. komos^, feast + ode, Pong) ; hamlet, (O.F. hamel, O 
 Frisian, ham, a dwelling). 
 
 Horse, same origin as L. CUR, (curs) run ; CUrru-S, chariot ; 
 
 cel-er, swift; Celtic car, cart, carry, career, 
 
 charge ; G. polos, sky (as '• whirling"). 
 • Der : Curricle, curriculum, concur, discourse, recourse, 
 chariot, cargo, caricature, pole. 
 
 Idle (orig. clear, hence empty), from AIDH, shine or burn. G. 
 AITH, whence aither,^ upper air. L SBdes, house 
 (" lire-place " *) ; 8BStU-a-re, to boil. 
 Der. : etherial, Ethiopian (op-s, face), edify, edile, estuary. 
 
 fe = original G. 
 Kin, kind, child, knave fcnapa, ^ ), queen' (O.E. 
 
 cwdn, woman, i.e. "mother"), rot i -meaning to produce 
 or be born. L. GEN, ])roduce ; genUS, (gen-er-), kind ; 
 genius, spirit attending man from birth ; ingeniu-m, 
 inborn faculty ; ^na.tu-S or natu-S, (F. n^) born ; 
 
 gente m and nation em, a kindred or nation ; natura, 
 
 nature, (the "producer"). G. genea, race ; genesis! 
 birth ; gyne, (gynaik) woman (cp. O.E. cw^n) ; se, earth 
 (the "All-Mother"). 
 Der. : kindred, k Hg, (O.E. cyning, lit. "son of the tribe";, 
 knight (prob. " belonging to the tribe "), gender, genial, 
 ingenious, engine, ingenuous (L. -uus, free born), indigen- 
 ous, gentle = genteel = gentile, gentry, puny = puisne ; 
 heterogeneous, oxygen, gynarchy, geology. 
 
 > Skeat accounts (or the z as a misreodlnjf of the Middle English symbol for y. 
 
 * So called because the guests lay or reclined at it. 
 
 * Supposed to be of a flery nature ; cp. the term eni-pyr-ean. 
 
 * Cp. Irish uiiiiie, a iiuuseand, aedii, fire. 
 
 6 Qmnn, a contemptible woman, is exactly the same word except in spelling Tliia 
 •hows the correctness of the derivation. 
 
DERIVATION. 
 
 313 
 
 L sometimes represents R. 
 
 Leaf, lobby, lodge (L. L. kubia, po. ch ; O.H.G. laup, leaf) • 
 L. lapid-em, stone ; liber, book (orig. bark). G. leD-ra 
 scale. *^ ' 
 
 Der. : leaflet, lapidary, dilapidate, library, leper. 
 Lean (O.E. hlini-an) to slope; L. cli-na-re,^ to slope : cli- 
 VUS, a slope ; G. KLIN, to slant ; kllma-t, a slope : 
 klimax, ladder. '■ ' 
 
 Der. : lean (adj.), lid, inclination, declension = declination 
 declivity, proclivity, (proclivus, inclined), clime = climate 
 synclinal, climacteric. ' 
 
 Lie (O.E licgan), lair; ledge,^ low (I. Idg-r, low, lit. flat) 
 log (I. log-r, a felled tree% leaguer (Du. leger, camp)' 
 ledger (Du. legger, one that lies) ; L. lectu-S (F lit ) 
 a bed; cp., law ; (O.E. lagu), lit. what "lies" or is in 
 order = L. leg-em (F. loi). 
 Der.: lay, layer, letter, coverlet (once coverlite), lectern 
 (prop, "couch," G. lek-tron), leal = loyal = legal, legis- 
 late (latus, carried). 
 
 Lief (O.K. ledf, dear), love, (lu-fi-an), leave, furlouffh 
 
 (Dan. forlov, leave) ; root-meaning, to desire ; ex.. L libi- 
 dm-em, lust ; liber, free (doing as he likee) ; F livrer 
 give (freely). ' 
 
 Der. : belief, libidinous, liberty, liberal, libertine, deliver 
 livery (what is delivered). ' 
 
 Light, (O. E. ledht); lea^ low (I. log flame) loom (I. Ijoma 
 to gleam); root-meaning, to shine; cp., L. luc-em 
 and lu-men (from lucmin) light; luna, moon. G. 
 I3nax, the " bright-eyed " animal. 
 Der. : lighten, lightning; lucid, limn = illuminate, lunatic 
 lucubration (LUC + br, from FER, bear.) Lu-str-um 
 punficaton, whence illustrious, illustrate is by some re- 
 ferred to in this group ; by others, to LAV, wash 
 (see lye). 
 
 Light (adj. O. E. le(5ht) ; root-meaning = to spring L 
 
 levi-s, light; leva re, to lighten; F. leger, light (p 303).' 
 
 This 
 
 » Obsolete, except in compoimds. 
 
 • Also Norse. 
 
 • A brlgiit spot, probably among tJie dark woods ; op.-loo in Waterloo. 
 
314 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Der. : alight/ lighter (Du.), levity, alleviate, relief, leaven, 
 levy = levee, legerdemain. 
 Loan (O. E. la^u, from lih-an, to grant); root- meaning 
 let free; L. linqu-ere (lict), to leave, lice re, to be 
 allowed (" left free ") ; G. leip-ein, to leave. 
 Der. : deliquent, relict, derelict, licence, licentious, licen- 
 tiate ; eclipse, ellipsis (" leaving in the mind "). 
 
 List-en (O.E. hlyst, hearing); loud (O.E. hlud) ; lurk (Dan- 
 luske, to sneak'^) ; root-meaning, to hear. L. olient-em> 
 retainer (" listener ") ; gloria, glory. 
 Der. : lurch, clientele. Slave, from slav, a word that in the 
 Slavonic languages means " glory." 
 
 Loose (O.E. leds), lose/ loss; root-meaning, break or separate. 
 Gr. LY, to break ; L. 'so-lv-ere (solut), to break up, to pay. 
 Der. : leasing, forlorn, perhaps lust ; analytic, electro-lyte, 
 palsy = paralysis, assoil = absolve, dissolute, solvent. 
 
 Lye (O.E. ledh), lather (O.E. ledthor), root LA.V, to wash. 
 
 L. lava-re (lot, lut), to wash ; di-luv-ium, a flood ; 
 
 probably lustra-re, to purify ; poUutU-s*, defiled. 
 Der. : lave, lava, lotion, lavender (lavanda, things to be 
 washed) laundry, ablution, alluvial, deluge, lustration, 
 illustrious, luted (lutu-m, mud). 
 
 May (O.E. mseg, I can), main, maiden (maegden, lit. 
 " grown "), maw (lit. great), make, match (O.E. maca, 
 equal^), mickle (O.E. mycel), muCh ;" root-meaning, 
 grow, be strong. L. mag-nu-S, great ; major, greater ; 
 maximus, greatest ; magis-ter, master. G. mega and 
 megalO-, great ; mechane (L. machina), contrivance. 
 J>er. : Might, mayor, majority, magistrate, maxim, megalo- 
 mania, mechanist, machine, machination, perhaps many. 
 
 (i.) Mete, mother,^ moon (mona, the meaaurei), meals 
 
 (O. E. ma3l, stated time) ; root-meaning, to handle or 
 measure. 
 
 1 Alight is properly to lighten the load on the horse. 
 
 •The notion is to be listening. 
 
 >The vowel sounds have changed irregularly, owing to analogy ; see loose and lose 
 ill Skeat. 
 
 * Lit. , washed over, as when a river overflows and jwllutes its bank with mud (Skeat). 
 
 * " One of the same make." 
 ** Taken by Ukeat im Norse. 
 
 ' The measurer, i.e., tim manager. 
 
DEKIVATION. 
 
 315 
 
 L. manu-S, hand; mensus, m''.aHitred\ modus (moder) 
 measure; mater, = mother; iiateria, stutf- ^ ^' 
 
 (".; Man, mmd, mood, mean , ).E. ma3n-an, to intends 
 i. ment-eni, mmd ; mone re, to remind, warn ; mon- 
 
 stru-m, prodigy, -warning ;" mane re, abide. G. mne- 
 
 naon, mindful ; maa-ia, madness (excite 1 thought) • all 
 with the metaphorical sense "to think." G. mathein 
 to learn ; L. medita ri, to meditate ; and mederi to 
 heal, from an extension of the same root 
 . Ji'^""""* (adj.) month, Monday ; manual, mensuration, 
 moderate, maternal, material; probably also mature (ma^ 
 turus, early) matins; also probably moral (mos, custom^. 
 -uei. : (11.) mental, monition, monument, monstrous, mansion 
 mnemonics, mathematics. *"hion, 
 
 Mould (earth), meal ; L. molli-S, soft ; mel, honey ; mola, 
 a mill-; malleu S, a hammar; root MAR, to liush 
 whence, with application to persons, murd-er, L. mort- 
 em, death ; morbus, disease. Extended forms mark, 
 
 ssL?^no^t?o^^i' "^^^^ ^- --^--' ^-^-i 
 
 Skeat connects 0. melan- black smA T m«i„ « u j xi. 
 being, "dirty*." "*''^*" » °^*«^' ana ^' malu-S, bad ; the notion 
 
 Der. : mildew' emolument, mellifluous, malleable, mortality 
 morbid, emulsion, melancholy, malice. 
 
 ^^\ ^nif,;^ in?} r ^ """T^"® = ^- ^^0-S (f«r nevo-s); 
 1.. nuntms (*r. nouncf^, messenger (for novu-s). 
 
 Der. : news, new-fangled, novelty, innovate, neologist, neo- 
 nuncio, annunciation, pronounce, but -nunciation de- 
 nouiice. ' 
 
 Night (O.E. neaht), from NEK or NOK, i>erish, destroy L 
 
 nocte-m == mght, nec-em, death ; noce-re (F, nui-re),' 
 
 to hurt ; G. nekro-S, dead. '' 
 
 nuisa'^ncT''"*'^' internecine, pernicious, innocent, noxious, 
 Nimble (M.E. nimel, O.E. nim-an, to take), numb'* root 
 
 j;!!«:!;!!!?i^^M^ wimt ahoL'') ; 
 
 ■ The meft«\ire of conduct. 
 * As from dust or powder. 
 - Honey do-vv (Skeat). 
 ♦Lit. "soiml.'t). E. nuni-en 
 »"Allot to oneself." 
 
 I', 
 
 hence deprived of sensation. 
 
316 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 nomo'-S, pasture (" what is allotted "); nomlsma, coin; 
 L. numeru-S (F. nombre), number. ^ 
 
 Der. : numbskull, Nym, antinomian, nomad, numismatics, 
 numerous, and the ending -nomy. 
 
 One lO.E. dn^) == L. unus (formerly oino-s) ; whence 
 nullu S (ne+ullus), none. 
 Der. : none (n-an), any (O.E. aj'rig), onion = union, nullify, 
 annul. 
 
 Q = original Q-. 
 
 Quick (O.E. cwic, living), ^/ KWIW, live ; L. vivu-S, alive ; 
 
 viv-ere, to live ; victu-s, food ; vita, life. G. bio-s, 
 
 life ; ZOOn, living thing. 
 Der. : quicken (make alive), quicklime, couch-,' grass ; 
 viands, vivid, vivify, victuals, vitality, biology, zodiac. 
 
 R is sometimes changed to L. 
 
 Back, reach (O.E. rse c-an), right (O.E.rih-t, straight), rank 
 {adj.), y/ KAK, stretch. L. REG (rect), rule ; recjtus 
 = right ; reg-num, kingdom ; reg-em (F. roi), king ; 
 reg-ula, rule; SU-rg-ere (surrect), rise ("reach up"). 
 Der. : reckon (recc-an. to set right), righteous (riiit-wis), rake 
 (of a ship), rich^, dirge*; direct, dress, rector, correct, escort, 
 reign, royal = regal, realm, regulate, surge, source = surge, 
 (in-), resurrection ; also reg-ion, erect (whence alert), rig-id 
 (ilge-re, be stiff), with the original moaning "stretch." 
 
 Rake (O.E. raca), a tool for gathering; L. leg-ere (lect), 
 gatiier or read ; Gr. leg-ein, gather or speak ; logO-S, 
 spuech. reason (with 1 for r.) 
 Der. : 'ogeud, lecture, elite = elect, selection, legume, coil = 
 cull (collig ere) ; antho-logy (anthos, flower), lexicon (lex- 
 ikos, belonging to speech), logic, catalogue, dialogue, and 
 words in — logy. 
 
 Saw (O.E. saga), sedge, scythe (O. E. sigthe), root-mean- 
 ing, to cut. L. seca-re, to cut ; serra, a saw. 
 
 'O.E. A Is a corruption of ai, cp, An with Gothic ains and German ein ; ham, home, 
 wdth haima, heim. 
 
 * Provincial English, quich grass; O.E. cwic was sometimes shortened to cue, as 
 sweitry to sultry. 
 
 » From O.E. ric, adouhletof reg-em, t.e. like a king; but rtc/ifl« comes througli French 
 f roni '. • HG richo. 
 
 * From dirige the first words of uii authem (Fsahu v. 8) in the ancient office for the 
 dead. 
 
DERIVATION. 3JH 
 
 Der: section, segment, sickle (sec-ula), scion, risk (see 
 Skeat), and perhiips chisel. ^ 
 
 ^"'^T-Tn^wa^!.^ %^^^-^ ' '^'- ^^^^' ^"d L. in-8Ula, island 
 J m watei ) from a root meaning to go : specialized 
 m h. sail re (salt, suit), to leap ^ ' specialized 
 
 sultorvTs'sJ'r^'^'"',/''^"-*^ (^'•>' «^"^^*' dissilient, de- 
 suitory, assail, assault, result 
 
 S'^I±f P'= ^''■*' ^'^°''«' ^''^^f' «1o''t. score , 
 
 j3, •'"'^ni', i^p. xj. OUrtU-8 = short • PnHn tvi 
 skm or leather • cnrfin am u..^ /=*""' ''^ COriU m, 
 
 'corch Hkefkinnff i=^'-'). .^herd, sh,-ed ; cuirass, 
 Oil, ?A\!, * ''''^'' **'"""'" ; "''"o. •'^haling- 
 
 hi!?;i \f' ""^'y*' "P f^- salvu-s, safe; salut-em 
 
 health; soUu-s, whole; solu-S, only sola ri to f,m 
 Se^aLT''*^""^' '""''; Gr.holo-S, whole ' ° "' 
 
 with holo-s, nor »<.;„. (OE.sedfjwtthsa'lvu"' <=«M™tio„ 
 
 „V ,^''"'",. <.•=''»'■ ^"'■'■«' »P'. solidarity, console save 
 saWy. holocaust (ka„sto-s, burnt), lil^oC^^eZl. 
 
 ""dihed:! oXdrattiSr' ^"•'^'<'«' ''^--^- -'-»"<>-. 
 Sow, seed; cp. L sa-tus, sowed; se-men, seed; seoulu-m 
 agenemtion, the world; Saturnus, tl e god of sowfnf^' 
 Tte, t*:^r '^'"'™""' '''""■'^y' --'-.v. ''-^In. 
 
 ^^vef^' L^',-^^^^' '"■««<'">: root meaning, to 
 stietch 1,. spa-fcu-m, spoce; spes, hone- annnto 
 
 _of WBjVe^will^,^^^rZb^^ ■b^Pi°°*f 
 
 * At first, probably an adjective. 
 ' The marine animal. 
 
 • The Kharp nt iil,i<iir,h oi.«„. i_ ,^ ^ , 
 
 1 »ru- J i, " " ^^'" ~""-''^ " "•^•" scgar ; iiiare, a portion ig aa^nrit 
 *Th.s and the four following, words are Norse ».'«<"'««'•«. 
 
 » So called from its broad aurfuce. 
 
 I 
 
318 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WOWD-BOOK. 
 
 G spa-ein, to dmw. Also, with loss of s, path, L. 
 pont-em, a bri(l/,'e ; penUS, storehouse, and perhaps^ 
 pati (pass), to suffei-, and G. pathOS, sutiering. 
 Der. : spindle, spider, spacious, expatiate, despair, prosper- 
 ous, spontaneous ; studious, spasm ; pontifi', penury, passive, 
 pathetic. 
 Stand, stead, steed, stud, all from STA-D, an extended 
 form of STA , to stand. L. STA, stand ; status, stand- 
 ing ; statutum, law ; statura, height ; destina-re, 
 
 to appoint; sistere, to stand; G. STE, stand; sta- 
 to-S, standing ; histo S, web. 
 Der. : stable, establish, staid, stage, arrest, interstice, con- 
 stant, institute, stanza, assist, statics, system, histology. 
 
 The following words contain extensions of STA, to stand : 
 Stare, G. stereos, firm ; Sterili-S, barren, from STA-R. 
 
 stall, stale, stalk, stilt, stout (with 1 for r) ; cj). 
 
 stolid (L. stolidus), stultify, (stultu-s, a fool). 
 
 staple, st'^-n, stub, stump, staff, stiff, stifle, from 
 
 STA-P, to inake stand. 
 
 stem, stammer, stumble, from STAM. 
 
 Der. : stereotype, sterile. 
 
 Sweet ; L. suavis (for suad-vi-s) J suade-re (suas), to 
 
 advise. 
 Der. : suavity, assuage, suasive, dissuade. 
 
 T for original D. 
 
 Tear (v.), tarry (see Skeat), tire (v) ; root-meaning, to rend. 
 
 L. dole re, to grieve ; dele-re, to destroy. G. derma-t, 
 
 skin. 
 Der. : condole, dolorous, delete, indelible, pachyderm (pa- 
 chy-8, thick. 
 Thane (O. E. thegn, child, servant), thank, think, th'.ilg, 
 
 root-meaning to fit, hew, produce ; cp. G. techae, art ; 
 taxis (from tak-ti-s), arrangement, tek-ton, carpenter. 
 L. tex-ere (text), to weave ; SUb-tili-S, finely woven. 
 Der. : technology, syntax, taxidermy, tactics, architect, tex- 
 tile, tissues subtle = subtile, Pentateuch and intoxicate, 
 (see Skeat.) 
 
 » Really a passive piuticiplc of F. tintre, to weave from tex-ere. 
 
DERIVATION. 
 
 319 
 
 a;th, L. 
 
 perhaps 
 
 proaper- 
 passive, 
 
 extended 
 I, stand- 
 
 binare, 
 i; sta- 
 
 ice, con- 
 istology. 
 
 itaiid : 
 
 rA-R. 
 
 r); cp. 
 Le, from 
 
 iuas), to 
 
 to rend. 
 
 Brma-t, 
 
 Brm (pa- 
 th' ^g, 
 ae, art ; 
 irpenter. 
 v^oven. 
 tect, tex- 
 toxicate. 
 
 ThlD — tenuis ; root meaning, to stretch. L. TEN-D (Umt 
 
 ?«nrV''r'^n'^^.'?J-*^^">' hold; tenta-re, tot'y 
 
 tener, tender. G. TEN, stretch ; tono-S, tone ^ 
 
 Der: tend, retentive, retain, taunt = tempt, tentative, hy- 
 potenuse, tonic, monotone. ^ 
 
 Thirs-t, L. torrere (tost) to parch; terra, dry land; tes- 
 ta, a pitcher (used in alchemy. ) 
 Der. : torrent, torrid, toast, tureen, terreen, test 
 Thrill through, thorn, throe, drill (Du dnllen, to bran- 
 dish), root-meaning, to cross over, penetrate, rub : ter- 
 
 Sld^^ *"'*'''^' ''^^'^^^ *°^^^-^^' *«^-^^- ^• 
 
 ^'J^Ti^^^rS^' *i^^®a,d, and Scotch thraw (O.E. thraw- 
 an) also thrust ; akin to which are L. torou-ere ^tort) 
 
 stnsTfV'^' *'^P°-«> *^°P^' aturnrare^LT Sen: 
 sions ot the same root. 
 
 ^^tplpntn'""' fr"'^"'' *''''*^^"' *^^*"' *"''"^'^<^' *"'-^' attorney, 
 teleology, talisman ; torture, retort, tropics, trophy ^ 
 
 F^^Lr^\^' ^T®' '^"^"'"^ diurnus, daily; whence 
 F. jour, day ; deus, a god ; divinus, godlike.- 
 root-meaning, be bright 
 Der. : jovial, journal, deity, deist, divine. 
 
 W = Latin V. 
 
 Wake, watch, wax, eke ; root meaning, be sfron- • L 
 
 ""ruguitT^uiTij^l^'- ™""'"' ''"^'"«°'' --"'-^' 
 
 ^^Tia^i.^-."'''7"'''"*-^^'^' '^«"' welter (cp. Ger- 
 man waltz); root meaning, to turn. L. VOLV /volut) 
 
 Th? ^ '''^7^; V'"'"' ' ^- I»al6-S, a threshing fl Jr. ^' 
 The 1 here stands for an older r, seen in the next group 
 
 \^ER7fJSt^\'^^^^' ^«?' ^°*ll' worth.' L 
 vjiKT (vers), turn ; versa-ri, to be, 
 
 i)er. : revolution, voluble, convolvus, valve, halo ; wreathe 
 wrestle, w.ath, conversation. ' '"^"'«' 
 
 Ware, ward, warden.^ guard, warren, irarrison- 
 
 ^_root;meaning, look sharpfy. G. horaein. ^^^°l' 
 
 > Properly a spring. ' ~- ~ — 
 
 ■ As in " Woe worth the day." 
 This and the next three words are French from German kindred forms. 
 
320 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 Vere-ri, to fear, probably too. L. verU-S, true (referred 
 by some to the root VOL for VEK, choose) ; WOrth (n) 
 and ware perhaps mean " what is guarded." 
 Der. : wary, war-n, guardian, guarantee, warrant, panorama, 
 verily, very, reverence, veracity. 
 
 Water, wet ; L. unda, wave ; unda-re, to flow ; G. hydor, 
 
 water. 
 Der. : ottor, winter (V), undulate, abundant, lodound, hydrant. 
 
 Wit, wot, wise; L. Vide-re (vis), to see; C>. eidOS, ap- 
 pearance (whence o-id), eidolo-n and idea, image; 
 histor, enquirer. 
 
 Der. : witness, visionary, advise and advice, idolater (latris, 
 servant), ideal, history. 
 Word=L. verbu-m; G. rhetor, orator; eiron, dissem- 
 bler (** who only says "). 
 
 Der, : verbage, rhetoric, irony. 
 
 Who, what; L. qui-s, who; qua-li-s, what like; 
 
 quantu-S, how great ; quot, how many. 
 
 Work (O.E. weorc) = G. ergo-n (for wergo n), organon, 
 
 instrument. 
 
 Wreak, wring, wrong, irk (Norse), L. urge-re, to press ; 
 
 VUlgUS, crowd. Probably both grouid cont-:rin the same 
 root with the sense, to press. 
 Der. : wrought, wright, energy, liturgy (leitos, belonging to 
 the people), surgeon, organic, wretjh, wrinkle, wriggle, 
 divulge. 
 
 Yoke = L. jugu-m r- G. zygon ; L. jung-ere, to join; 
 G. zeugma, a yoking; cp. L. JUS, right; jura-re, to 
 
 swear TjudiC-em, a judge; juoiciu-m, judgment ; also 
 L. jus, broth ("mixtuie"), and G. zymO-S, yeast. 
 Der. : conjugate, jugular, syzygy,juncture, junto (Span.), jus- 
 tice, injury, judicial, prejudice, juice, zymotic. 
 
(referred 
 Drth (n) 
 
 anorama, 
 
 hydor, 
 
 liytliant. 
 dos, ap- 
 
 image ; 
 
 3r (latris, 
 , dissem- 
 
 lat like ; 
 
 [•ganon, 
 
 to press ; 
 bbe same 
 
 snging to 
 wriggle, 
 
 to join ; 
 
 rare, to 
 
 ent; also 
 ist. 
 
 pan.),ju8- 
 
 DEHIVATION. 321 
 
 Supplementary List of Root Words, 
 
 ~ aequU-S, equal. 
 
 alacer, prom[)t. 
 
 albus, white. 
 
 al-ere, to feed. 
 
 altus, high. 
 
 ama-re, to love. 
 
 amicus (F. ami), friend. 
 
 anima, soul. 
 
 animu-S, mind (cp. G. 
 
 anemo s, wind), 
 aptu-s, fit. 
 
 adeptus, having obtained. 
 aqua (F eau), water, 
 arcus, a bow. 
 arde-re (ars), to bum. 
 argentum, silver. 
 
 argu ere, make clear. 
 audi-re, to hear. 
 
 ob-edi-re, to obey. 
 
 ave-re, be intent. 
 avidus, greedy. 
 avi-S, bird. 
 bellum, war (cont. of duell- 
 mn, from duo, two). 
 
 bibere, to drink. 
 bonu s, good. 
 bene, well, 
 
 brevi s=G.brachy s,short. 
 
 catallu-S (L. cheval), ahorse 
 
 caed-ere, to cut. 
 calc-em, lime, 
 calculus, a pebble, 
 causa, cause. 
 cave-re (caut), to beware. 
 CaVU-S, hollow. 
 CSBlum, heaven, 
 
 cande-re, to shine. 
 candidu-s, white. 
 
 22 
 
 LATIN. 
 
 carmen (F. charme), song, 
 form of words. 
 
 carn-em, flesh. 
 celer, swift. 
 cen?- -re, to judge, 
 centum = G. he-katon =- 
 
 hnnd-red. 
 
 circu-s,= G. kyklos=iJng 
 
 (O.E. bring). 
 
 claud-ere (claus, clos), to 
 
 shut. 
 COl-ere (cult), to cultivate. 
 
 coqu-ere (coct), to cook. 
 
 corona, crown, 
 corpus (corpor), body. 
 
 cre-sco, grow. 
 
 Crea-re, create (make grow) . 
 cumulus, heap. 
 
 damnum, loss. 
 
 da-re (dat), = G. do-, give. 
 dec-em = G. deka = ten. 
 decus, honor, ornament. 
 
 dent em, G. odon-t=tooth. 
 dic-ere, to say. 
 dica-re, to assign. 
 
 dignu-S, worthy. 
 
 disc-ere, to leam. 
 
 doce-re, to teach. 
 duc-ere = (tow), to lead. 
 durU-S, hard. 
 
 ed-ere = eat. 
 es-ca, food, 
 ego = I. 
 em-ere, to buy. 
 
 fall ere (fals), to deceive, 
 iwiivi-ui c \ iciiK/, to uasn. 
 
 ferru-m, iron. 
 
 flig-ere (flict), strike. 
 
3^2 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 11 
 
 flxu-8, fastened. 
 
 filu-m, a thread, 
 flect-ere (flt^x), to bend. 
 foliu-m (-foil), leaf, 
 foris, outside. 
 gelu, frost, cp. chill, 
 ger-ere ''gest-), to cai-ry. 
 glomus, (glomer), a ball. 
 grad-i (gress), to step. 
 
 gramen, grass. 
 
 gratU-S, pleasing. 
 
 gratia, favour, thanks. 
 
 greg-em, a flock. 
 
 nabe-re (habit), to have 
 
 debe-re, (debit), to owe. 
 
 ("have from "). 
 
 hi-a-re, Gr. cha-, to gape. 
 
 borr-ere, to bristle or shud- 
 der. 
 horta-ri, to encoui-age. 
 humus, ground. 
 
 homo, man. 
 imita-ri, to imitate. 
 
 ire (it), to go. 
 
 COmitem, companion. 
 iter-(itiner), journey. 
 j ace-re (jact), to throw. 
 
 jac-ere, to lia 
 
 JOCU-S, a jest. 
 
 juva-re, to help. 
 , uvenis = young. 
 lab-i (laps), to slip, 
 iab-or, work. 
 
 '. ac-ere (licit), entice. 
 
 '. atus (part), carried. 
 
 ! atus (adj. for stlatus), wide. 
 
 '. ega-re, to send. 
 
 ibra, a balance. 
 
 ligare, to bind. 
 
 xlguUlll, "OOu. 
 
 limen, threshold. 
 
 Utera (better littera), letter. 
 
 loCU-S, i)lace. 
 loqu-i (locut), talk, 
 lud-ere (lus), to play. 
 
 miacies, leaniiess. 
 
 macer, lean. 
 m.are, the sea. 
 mediu S = middle. 
 merc-em, merchandise. 
 milit-em, soldier, 
 mille, thousand. 
 
 mine-re, to project. 
 minor, minimus, less, least 
 
 minuere, to diminish, 
 mitt-ere (miss), to send. 
 morde-re (mors), to bite. 
 mortem, death ;cp 
 
 murd-er). 
 move-re (mot), to move. 
 multu-S, many, 
 muta-re, to change. 
 
 navi-s=G. naus, a ship. 
 
 OCUlu-S = eye. 
 Optare, to desire. 
 optimus, best. 
 Opua (oper), work. 
 Ordin-em (F. ordre), order. 
 
 origin-em, origin. 
 ori-ri, to rise, 
 orna-re, to deck. 
 Otium, ease. 
 ovum (cp. avis), egg. 
 OCtO, G. okto = eight. 
 
 part-em, part. 
 pecca-re, to sin. 
 
 pell-ere (puis), drive. 
 
 pend-ere, to pay. 
 pende-re, to hang. 
 
 placa-re, to appease, 
 place re, to please. 
 plliinbu m (F. plong-er),lead. 
 
 prehend-ere (F. pris), to 
 
 seize. 
 
DERIVATION. 
 
 323 
 
 pon-ere (posit, not pos-^), to 
 
 place. 
 probu 8, ^ood. 
 proba-re, to prove. 
 
 prope (F. proch-), near. 
 qU8Br-ere (quest), to seek. 
 
 quatuor (quadr)=G. tetr- 
 
 = four. 
 quer-i, to complain, 
 
 quinque = five. 
 
 rabies (F. rage), madness. 
 rad-ere (ras), scrape, 
 radius, a spoke. 
 rap-ere (F ravir), snatch, 
 hurrj, 
 
 ride-re rris), laugh. 
 
 rod-ere (ros-), gnaw; op. rad- 
 ere. 
 
 roga-re, to ask. 
 rump-ere ( rupt ), burst, 
 
 break. 
 
 sacer, holy. 
 
 Sanctu-S (F saint), holy. 
 Sanu-S = sound. 
 SCrib-ere, script, write, 
 sen-em, old man. 
 Senti-re (sens), to feel. 
 
 septem =G. hepta = 
 
 seven. 
 Sequ-i (secut, sue), to follow. 
 SOCi-US, a companion, 
 
 sex = G. hex = six. 
 
 Siffnu-m (siofillu-m), a seal. 
 silva, awo( d 
 siting, placed. 
 
 spec-ta-re = G. SKEP, 
 SKOP, loo^- 
 
 splende-re, shine, 
 sponde-re (spons;, to pro- 
 
 mise. 
 
 stingu-ere, (stinct), thrust ; 
 
 stimulus, goad; cp. G.' 
 stigma, brand, our 
 
 Stick, 
 string-ere (strict), bind, cp. 
 string. 
 
 Teg -ere (tect), cover, cp. 
 
 tnatch. 
 
 tempus (tempor), time. 
 
 tempera-re, to mix. 
 
 tolera-re, to bear; cp. G. 
 talanton, weight, talent. 
 
 trah-ere (tract, trait), to 
 
 draw. 
 tre-S= G. trei-s = three. 
 
 tume-re, to swell. 
 
 Uti (us-), to use. 
 Utili-S, useful, 
 uxor, wife. 
 
 vacca, cow. 
 
 vacuus and Vanus, empty. 
 
 Vaca-re, be free, 
 vale-re, be strong; cp. well. 
 Veh-ere (vex), carry. 
 
 via = way. 
 vesper, evening. 
 Vesti-S, garment, 
 vetus, old, 
 vine- ere (vict), to conquer 
 
 vitru-m, glass. 
 
 VOra-re. to devour, to eat. 
 
 vove-re (vot.), vow. 
 
 VUlsu-S, torn. 
 
 VUlnus (vulner), wound. 
 
 lailSifpaSlf^m^^'rlir^SelS'^ ^o^. *'^'** "''^' "°'"«' "*»'" ^- 
 
324 
 
 TIIK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD BOOK. 
 
 11 
 
 GREEK. 
 
 akou-ein, to hear 
 
 bal-lein, (hie), to throw. 
 biblo-s, book. 
 
 biO-S, life. 
 chrono-s, time. 
 didak-to-s, taught. 
 
 dog-mat, opinion. 
 doxa, opinion, glory. 
 
 dyna-mis^ force. 
 
 dynaste-8, one powerful. 
 gamO-S, marriage. 
 glOSSa, tongue. 
 gonia, angle. 
 
 graph-ein, to write. 
 ^ramma-t, letter. 
 hairQ-ein, to take. 
 helio-s, sun. 
 hiero-s, holy. 
 
 hora, season, hour. 
 idios, one's own, private. 
 kako-s, bad. 
 kaUStO-S, burnt. 
 kosmo 8, beautiful order, 
 world. 
 
 lab-ein (If'ps), to take. 
 
 litho-S, stone. 
 
 mikro-s, little. 
 mei-on, less. 
 mise-ein, to hate. 
 
 onoma (onyma), name. 
 OrthO-S, right. 
 OSteO-n = L. OSSi, bone. 
 OXy-S, sharp, 
 pau-ein, (pos), to cease. 
 
 petra, rock. 
 
 PHEN (phan), to show. 
 
 phile-ein, to love. 
 phot-, light. 
 
 poie-ein, to make, 
 prakto-s, done. 
 SOpho-S, wise. 
 Stell-ein, to send, 
 steno-s, short. 
 tele-, afar, 
 theo-s, a god. 
 topO-S, a place. 
 typO-S, blow, mark, type. 
 
 11 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 COMPOUND WOEDS.* 
 
 1. Words should not be hyphened where separate words 
 will convey the signification just as well ; and separate sin.ple 
 words should always be united when they are in common use, 
 and when the words themselves are accented as single words. 
 
 2. The number of words formerly hyphened, or written 
 us two words which ^e now generally written as one, is large 
 and constantly increasing ; as, 
 
 railroad (railway is preferred), steamboat, slaveholder, slaveowner 
 wirepuller, footnote, prehistoric, quicklime, by8tand;r, onSer' 
 headquarters, masterpiece, horseplay, wellhei iV', goo.lwill downcast' 
 eavesdropper, noteworthy, byword," anything, anybodTeverXw 
 everybody, roughhew, heartache, raindrop, teardrop nowadavt' 
 commonplace, candlelight, fireplace, forever, forevermore """"^^'^^y'' 
 Many people even go so far now as to write any one and every one as 
 
 ed ti'twnt'- 1 ^"' '^'''' "'■' J"f "^ '^''''''''^y pronounced amUccent 
 ed as two words as any man and every man. 
 
 3. So many words which, are now frequently seen com- 
 pounded, or written as two words, may be found written as 
 one by Spenser, Shake.sp oare, Milton, or other old authors, and 
 should now be so written ; as, 
 
 wellnigh, erelong bygone, alehouse, schoolboy, spellbound 
 awestruck, downtrodden, selfsame. opeuuouna, 
 
 4. Where a noun is used as an adjective, a useless compound 
 word should not be made ; ;i 
 
 mountain top, Sunday scho< 4. supper table, slave trade, coflFee trade 
 minute hand, multiplication table, journeyman printer, peasant woman! 
 cabbage leaf, sister city, brotiier minister, apple tree, fellow student. 
 
 5. The following adjunctives and nouns, as well as many 
 others, are sometimes needlessly compounded : 
 
 common law, common sense, ill health, free will, grand jury. 
 Canadian Pacific Kadway Co., Nortli American Life Infuranco Co.; 
 
 ' The authors are in ebterl for this chanter, dealing with a iHrnlpviii.r snhionf f« 
 Marshall THi^^elow, of Hoston. fron. whosl work. •^MltakeVi^wSh "''e S^^^^ 
 18 tAken, with some additions and adaptations. " ^"«'"''"» '• 
 
326 
 
 TlIK HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 New Westminster Directory, North To .-onto ('ur Service, Map and 
 School Supply Association, Yonge Street Bakery, Canada Southern ' 
 R.R., Berlin Wool Shop, French Canadian. 
 
 Also phrases like the following : — 
 
 good bye, good morning, ever to be remembered (event), well laid out 
 (grounds), long looked for (return), inside out, uncalled for (remarks), 
 by and by, attorney at law, tlie pulling down, the carrying away, the 
 blotting out, never to be foi-gotten, out of the way, good for n 'thing, 
 well to do, hand to mouth, recently published, crudely expressed, 
 cunningly contrived, etc. 
 
 Using hyphens between these words adds nothing to the 
 clearness of the expression. 
 
 6. The following rules are given for foregoing classes of 
 words, in accor<Jance with the foregoing general principle.-. 
 The Dictionaries are so inconsistent that they are not sai- 
 guides. '^ 
 
 7. Military and civil titles like the following are hyphened: — 
 
 governor-general, lieutenant-governor, receiver-genei al, adjutant- 
 general, sergeant-major, aide-do-camp, commissary-general, (jueen- 
 mother, queen-dowager, Prince-Consort, attorney-general, major- 
 general, lieutenant-colonel, rear-admiral, vice-president, vice-chancellor, 
 etc. ; but viceroy, vicegerent. 
 
 8. The following words expressing kindred are hyphened . — 
 
 father-in-law, son-iu-law, etc., step-mother, step-daughter, etc., 
 cousin-german, second-cousin, great-grandfather, great-graudaon, etc., 
 graud-uncle, great-aunt, motiier-in-law, etc. 
 
 9. The following points of the compass should be written as 
 single words : — 
 
 northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest. 
 
 But the following are hyphened : — 
 north-northeast, west-southwest, etc. 
 
 10. Fractions like the following, when written out, should 
 not be hyphened : — 
 
 one half, two thirds, five eighths, ten thousandths. 
 
 Another class are hyphened as follows ; — 
 
 one twenty-fifth, forty-nine fiftieths, ninety-nine hundredths, 
 thirteen ten-thousandths, etc. 
 
 Nunibt'i's like the following are also hyphened :^ 
 twenty-live, forty-nine, twenty-lifth, forty-second, etc. 
 
COMPOUND WOKDS. 
 
 327 
 
 11. Compounds of Aa^ or quarter (whether a fraction or 
 trom quarters) like the following are usually printed with a 
 hyphen : — 
 
 half-dollw, half-crown, half-barrel, half-way, half-past, half-witted 
 half-yearly half-price, quarter-barrel, quarter-day, quarter-face, quar- 
 ter-deck, etc.; 6a< quartermaster. 
 
 12. The words fold, score, penny and pence, united with 
 numbers of one syllable, are written as single words ; but with 
 numbei-s of more than one syllable they are hyphened or 
 written as two words : — 
 
 twofold, tenfold, twenty-fold, hundred-fold, two hundred-fold • 
 fourscore, twenty score, a hundred score ; halfpenny, t«,vopenny 
 tenpenny, halfpence, fourpence, tenpence, tifteeu-peuny, (ifteen pence. 
 
 13. Ordinal numbers compounded with the word rate or 
 hand are usually written with a hyphen ; as, 
 
 first-rate, tifth-rate ; second-hand, fourth-hand, etc. 
 
 14. Numerals are compounded with words of various meun- 
 ing, which explain themselves : — , 
 
 one-eyed, one-armed, two-handed, two-headed, three-lecced four- 
 story, four-footed, etc. * ' 
 
 Numerals are also combined with a noun to form an adjec- 
 tive, as follows : — 
 
 two-foot rule, ten-mile run, one-horse chaise, twenty-feet pole, etc. 
 
 •15. Compound nouns ending with man or woman are 
 written as one word ; as, 
 
 Englishman, workman, oysterman, goodman ; needlewoman 
 Frenchwoman, marketwoman, etc. ' 
 
 16. Compounds ending with holder, monger are usually 
 written as one word ; as, 
 
 bondholder, stockholder, landholder, slaveholder ; boroughmoncrer 
 cheesemonger, ironmonger. * ' 
 
 17. Compounds ending with hoat, hook, drop, light, house, 
 room, side or yard are made single words if the first part of 
 the compound is of only one syllable, but are joined by a 
 hyphen if it is of more than one, or written as two words • as 
 
 longboat, sailboat, canal-boat ; handbook, daybook, commonplace- 
 book ; dewdrop, raindrop, water-drop ; djtylight, sunlight, candle- 
 light ; alehouse, boatliouse, wiuehouse, greenhouse, meetinc-house 
 dweihug-hoube ; bedroom, greenroom, {also anteroom), dining-room 
 dressing-room; bedside, fireside, hillside, river-si.le, mountain-side'- 
 churchyard, farmyard, courtyard, timber-yard, marble-yard. * 
 
328 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK. 
 
 18. Compounds ending with w(yrk are usually written as 
 single words, unless the combination is unusual : as, 
 
 groundwork, network, framework, needlework, brickwork, ironwork, 
 stonework ; hut mason- work, carpenter- work. 
 
 1 9. Compounds of tree^ leaf and hush are frequently made ; 
 but this seems unnecessary. Such words are always printed 
 separately in the Oxford Bibles. 
 
 20. Compounds ending with like are written as one word, 
 unless derived from a proper name, or unusual combinations, 
 when they take the hyphen ; as, 
 
 childlike, lifelike, womanlike, workmanlike, fishlike j Argus-like, 
 Bedouin-like, business-like, miniature-like. 
 
 21. Compounds beginning with eye are written as one word; 
 as, eyelash, eyebrow, eyeglass, eyewitness. 
 
 22. Compounds be^nning with school are written as one 
 word, except when made with a participle (school-bred, school- 
 teaching) ; as, 
 
 schoolboy, schoolmate, schoolfellow, schooldame, schoolhouse, 
 schoolmaster, schoolmistress. 
 
 But the following are better as separate words : — 
 
 school days, school district, school committee, scuool teacher, school 
 children, school board, etc. 
 
 23. The word fellow is frequently compounded with another 
 noun, ».s /ellow-citizen, fellow-traveller, etc. ; but there seems 
 to be no better reason for this than for compounding any of 
 the pairs of words given in paragraph 4, above. 
 
 24. Compounds of a noun in the possessive case with an- 
 other noun, and having a jieculiar signification, are not infre- 
 quent ; as, 
 
 bird's-eye, king's-evil, crow's-nest, bear's-foot, jew's-harp, etc. 
 
 But many like words have become consolidated ; as, 
 beeswax, ratsbane, townspeople, etc. 
 
 25. Compounds of a Verbal noun ending in inc, with a notm 
 or adjective are generally connecti^d by the hyplien ; as, 
 
 printing-office, dining- table, composing-room ; good-looking, cloud- 
 compelling, church-going bell, etc. 
 
 In a few pages of Shakespe.ire'a Comedy of Errors occur the 
 following compounds of this olass . — 
 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 ti 
 t] 
 
 ill 
 
 fo 
 
 vc 
 
 ho 
 
 to 
 
 US' 
 
 pr( 
 
 Cot 
 W(] 
 
COM I'O UN D WORDS. 
 
 329 
 
 reirt"'^'"""' ''•°-«'^^' "'"'■"'^ «lver.grey, amerald-green ; ,.i,„ 
 
 n.,f*!' J""" "t"*/"'/.'^ "n'tet' "Hh numerous words o" various 
 puts of j,,«ech, forming cou.|.o»„<ls which ,„-e solf^tnlaiZ, 
 The hyphen 13 used in all words be-innin- wifh L//1' ,• " 
 W//W, .dfmme. and ,.//,A with U derrvaTivi \/r' ',"* 
 
 wiittenas one word; as, hhnself, mnself itself p^o Q^ 
 
 rorii'r ""^'^'-'' '" °'^'' -^'-^ -<>'-- ^^ t^^- fo™";: 
 
 28 Many compound personal epithets are in constant .,.,. 
 
 light-haired, blue-eyed, sharp-nosed. broad-shoul.ered. long-legged 
 -9 Compounds of au verbs like a6ow /// «W/ .., /k . 
 
 t:t:X^^:^^ ""\» .-^tpie^r It:- ,&•,;:: 
 
 tilt' J i *P""<"> ""'y be written with a hyi lien when 
 
 they precede th, : .„ they qualify, but not othe.w^le • « 
 
 Compodnd adverba should be written as single wo.'ds • as 
 
 meanwhife, awhile, meantime, everywhere anvwh.r. f ' 
 
 forevermore, moreover, howsoever,' whereSl^^heS^L™ ""'"' 
 
 verToo*;n3.\titrrti:t:-tr'ri:^^^^^^^ 
 
 ^>'^^S^:^n^S^:^:^^fiZ:^. ^..-seeing. .,,. 
 
 to ?.',; ^:r;rhy7ht,:;:5 a^x r thT^- "t^-^ -, 
 nse.1 hy autho. bo^K wiih and'^itiir t" "uo'^'Zirf;:;; 
 
 prepositions or adverbs l.lr« ^,.... .....j... J "^^^ ^'^^"" 
 
 word, and so«,ef,„,e, w.th wonls of „,„«," than one s7nabl". 
 
330 
 
 THK UiUU bCUOOL KNGLISU WOKOBOOK. 
 
 But the practice is so variable, and the difference of the 
 Dictionaries so gi'eat, that the matter must be left to tlie t?uste 
 and discretion of the writer. All words should be consolidat- 
 ed that it is possible to consolidate. 
 
 ' Many of these compounds given in the Dictionaries, however, 
 would be much better written as separate words, as they have 
 two main accents ; as, 
 
 upper lip, over anxious, over cunning, over burdensome, after age, 
 after part, cross aectioUj cross reference, counter revolution, counter 
 influence. 
 
 32. Compounds made from prefixes like demi, semi, non, 
 8td), inter, intro, intra, *pctra, etc., or like Jeutero, electro, 
 pseudo, sulpho, thermo, et j., are often made and written as 
 single words, although usage is unsettled. 
 
 33. Where the prefix ao-, re- or p'fe- occurs before a word 
 which begins with the vowel of the prefix, or where before a 
 consonant the prefix makes a word similar in form with an- 
 other of different signification, a hyi)hen should be used after 
 the prefix ; as, 
 
 co-operate, co-ordinate, pre-exist, pre-eminent, re-examine, re-crea- 
 tion, re-collect, re-formation. 
 
 34. It is not claimed that the foregoing rules are perfect, 
 and usage is so variant that it cannot be expected they will be 
 univeraally adopted, as the matter is dependent on taste as well 
 as custom. But the main principle is to use the hyphen 
 only where it will help the reader to undei-stand the writer's 
 meaning. 
 
 The authors append a selection of hyphened words, according 
 to recent English usage, which they have come across in their 
 reading, in a*idition to those already cited. Whether words 
 should be compjunded, hy[)hened, or written separately, has 
 been so often loft to the conflicting practice of printera, and is 
 at all times so puzzling a question, that the addition of the 
 list may not therefore be unacceptable. 
 
 Austro-Hung&ry, Anglo-Turkish, anti-social, anti-clevicai. 
 awe-inspiring, arv'-critio, after-glow, apple-blossom, agreed-on 
 (dimensions), all-embracing, broad-based burial-places, by-pro- 
 duct, ball-room, black letter, battle-field, beacon-tires, basket- 
 chair, iKMik-making. by-the-way, by-the-bye, by-and-by, brain- 
 
COMPOUND WORDS. 
 
 331 
 
 have 
 
 weight, beer-shoi. blue-stocking, cool-headed, common-sense 
 (plan) character-sketching, clear-cut, cock-sure, co-operator 
 close-shaven, crudely-expressed, chalk-drawing, child-criminals' 
 cannon-ball close-titting, cock-eyed, dark-green, deep-blue! 
 dark blue, day-dream, day-time, distinguished-looking, dininc! 
 hall dance-rausic, death-bed, dead-lock, dead-weight, dew-drop 
 dogs-eared, double-dculing, double-faced, down-trSd. drift-wood 
 dumb-waiter dwelling-place, day-school, dust-bin, eau-de-Co- 
 ogne, ebo-tide, egg-shaped, elbow-room, eye-glass, English- 
 built, empty-headed, exquisitely-modulated, ever-changing ever- 
 mcreasmg, ever-growing, evil-speaking, four-iboted, foSr-storied, 
 fellow-men flame-coloured, finely-drawn, folk-lore, foul-mouthed 
 frock-coated far-off, faeld-sports, fellow-subjects, fellow-citizen 
 fever-areas, farm-buildmgs, far-reaching, feather-brained, first- 
 class fauMTiinded, fan-light, flower-bed, faint-hearted, fair- 
 haired fair-spoken, fi-ee-spoken, fashion-monger, field-day, field- 
 glass fiel.-officer, fire-engine, fire-proof, fine-spun fineirawn, 
 flesh-imts fool s-errand, free-hearted, gas-fittings, gold-mounted, 
 good-night, good-hu.nour, goody-goody, garden-scene, goldei,: 
 mouthed, gentle-hearted, good-will, God-speed, go-between thr 
 go-by go-cart, good-natured, good-tempered, good-breedino 
 greathearted, ground-swell, half-breed, half-holiday, half-paj' 
 half dead hand-glass, hand-bell, haggard-looking, half-closed 
 hard-drinking hot.hf>aded, high-spiritad, high-born, home-made 
 hiding-place, high-mmded, highly-wrought, half-weird, half-con- 
 scious, hand-mirmr, half-believing, half-centnry, half-forgotten 
 highly-finished, Hartington-Sali.sbury (coalition), half-burned' 
 Home-rule, high-sounding, hair-trigger (temper !), hard-visaged' 
 harvest-home, heart-burning, heaa-t-rending, heart-sore, heart^ 
 melting, heart-sickening, hanger-on, head-dress, head-gear, heir- 
 apparent, hero-worship, high-flavoured, high-mettled, horse- 
 jockey, hydra-headed, ice-cream, ice-house, ill-tempered, ill-bred 
 Ill-favoured India-rubber, iron-bound, ill-will, Indo-China ill- 
 disposed, lU-gotten, ivy^overed (ruins), iron-grey, ivory-headed 
 ill-guidance, ill-starred, ill-considered, jaw-breaker, joint-stock' 
 job-lot, job-printer, judgment-day, kind-hearted, knee-dee.,' 
 kirk-aession, kitchen-maid, knight-errant, lunch-time, largl' 
 hearted, long-lived, long-loved, look-out, life-buoy, ladv-love 
 long-forgotten, Liberal -Conservative, lonfi-nrotmot^d ir.L..„e 
 tering, lite-size, life-likcs last-named, long-l>ontinued,' law°nak- 
 ers low-bred money-making, much noted, nuister-hand, merry- 
 making, middle-class, make-believe, meeting-place, matter of- 
 
3a2 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH WORD-BOOK 
 
 fact, magic-lantern, make-shift, maiden-like, maid-servanti 
 manor-house, maple-sugar, market-gardener, master-mind, mean- 
 spirited, me.iium-sized, mid-winter, middle-aged, many-sided, 
 modem-looking, mill-dam, mocking-bird, molehill, moss-grown, 
 mother-of-pearl, moving- power, musk-melon, narrow-minded, 
 norit-handed, near-sighted, news-room, night-cap, non-payment, 
 non-contagious, non-submissive, noble-hearted, nobly-born, 
 newly-met never-failing, nineteenth-century (poet), non-useful, 
 nice-looking, nesting-places, nature-worship, night-lights, novel- 
 reading (public), note-book, off-hand, old-fashioned, oil-well, 
 open-handed, open-mouthed, over-tired, ongoings, orange-peel, 
 oyster-shell, over-zealous, mit-put, out-of-door, over-elaborate, 
 old-time, open-air, pen-and-ink, peace-offering, press-gang, pass- 
 degree, poet-painter, pleasuie-seeking, paper-knife, pinched- 
 faced, peasant-life, pro-Russian, poet-laureate, panic-stricken, 
 quick-witted, quarter-day, rain-beaten, reading-book, railway- 
 carriage, rain-cloud, rock-bound (coast), rhyme-sounds, rough- 
 cast, race-hoi-se. rack-rented, raii-fence, reading-desk, reai- 
 i-ank, receipt-book, red-haired, resting-place, return-ticket, re- 
 turning-officer, riff-raff, ring-finger, right-minded, river-bed, 
 oad-maker, rolling-stock, rooD-crop, rose-coloured, round- 
 shouldered, Sabbath-breaker, sailing-master, safety-lamp, saddle- 
 horse, salt-cellar, sand-bank, sash frame, sauce-pan, scale-board, 
 scrap-book, screw-driver, sea-^reen, sea-level, sea-sickness, seal- 
 ing-wax, search-warrant, seed-time, self-command, self-abase- 
 ment, self-conceit, self evident, self-sacrificing, self-love, self- 
 assertive, self-questioning, self-condemning, self-resjiecting, self- 
 defence, self-educated, self-importance, self-rightec js, self-spp- 
 |)orting, self-government, self-elected, self-constituted, self- 
 willed, state-directed, simple minded, sight-seeing, semi-detached, 
 sea-fight, sweet-scented, sub-title, still-born, sonnet- writter, set- 
 off, sense-organs, safety-valve, sky-line, signal-rocket, sixth- 
 form (boy), semi-moral, short-service (system), stable-boy, 
 stone-work, such-and such, so-and-so, steel-grey (di'ess), sou'- 
 piercing, soul-sustaining, so-called, sweetly-scented, soft spoken, 
 semi-starvation, thorough-going, turning-point, title-page, tor- 
 toise-shell, tide swayed, twin-born, trade-unions, transformation- 
 scene, toilet-table, tulip-tree, typhoid-fever, tenant-right, un- 
 looked-for, undreamed-of, vantage-ground, washing-day, wooden- 
 
 .1 3 i. 1 .X 1 11 J 1 _..i __ 11 
 
 oiiucu, watci- uuiuui", vy;ttci-iijci«ii, -.vcii uix-sriuu, -.vuril-OlJT), wrii- 
 
 known, well-nigh, white-cowled (monks), well-deserved, work- 
 t»-day, world-wide, water-sprite, war-whoop, walking-stick, 
 
COMPOUND WORDS. 
 
 33S 
 
 would-be, wage-earner, wide-spread, well-trained (intellect), 
 wrong-doing, wmd-swayed, wife-beating, war-dinini, well-to-do 
 woi-d-picture, wall-paper, water-coloui-s, weak-hearted, wax- 
 modelling, weather-beaten, wedding-ring, wedding-cake, well- 
 favoured well-intentioned, whip-hand, wine-merchant, window- 
 blind wishy-washy work-box, wood-engraving, worldly-minded, 
 year-book, yellow-haired. » ©» j «« «, 
 
 Supply the hyphen when needed in the following sentences. 
 
 The shrill-sounding bugle had scarcely awaked us when wJ 
 Heard the far distant cannon loud booming through the cold 
 grey dawn ; and not far distant from us we were soon able to 
 distinguish the misty forms of the Russian skirmishers in their 
 ash grey coats. 
 
 We had become so absorbed in his slow striking sentences 
 
 J ilT^ T'^ astonished when the slow striking clock pealed 
 torth twelve. ^ 
 
 Old school ideas are not more taught in old school houses 
 than in new ones. 
 
 He is a stone mason, but not a master mason. 
 
 The sextons in '• Hamlet " were grave diggers, but not grave 
 diggers. ° 
 
INDEX TO SYNONYMS. 
 
 A. Pauii. 
 
 abandon, -ed, -iny ^ 
 
 abase, -inent 96 
 
 abash, -e<l W6 
 
 abate, -meiit W* 
 
 abbreviate 96 
 
 abdicate 9fl 
 
 abduct, -ion 07 
 
 aberration, -ant 97 
 
 abet, -tor 98 
 
 abeyance 9S 
 
 abhor, -rence 98, 187 
 
 ability, -ties 08, 187 
 
 abject •• 99 
 
 abjure 99 
 
 abnefi^te, -tion 99 
 
 abnormal 97. 99 
 
 abode 185 
 
 abolish, -ition 100 
 
 abominate, -able, -atiou 98, 100 
 
 abortive 100 
 
 abridge, -nient 9(t, 100 
 
 abrosrate 100, 101 
 
 absolute, -ly 240 
 
 abstain, -ingf 101 
 
 abstinence 101 
 
 abstemious, -nesn 101 
 
 abstract 100 
 
 abuse 108 
 
 accede 103 
 
 accessory 98 
 
 accident 182 
 
 accomplice 98 
 
 accomplish, -ment 101, 179 
 
 achieve, -ment 103 
 
 accord 108 
 
 accordant 140 
 
 accordingly 140 
 
 account, -able 101. 102 
 
 accurate 102 
 
 accuse, -ation 102 
 
 accute 212 
 
 ocknowledyre 248 
 
 acquiesce 103, 114 
 
 active 154 
 
 adaee HO 
 
 adSct. -ed 104 
 
 address 108 
 
 adduce, -ed 104 
 
 adjacent 106 
 
 adjoin, -ing 106 
 
 administer, -ed 104, i'i5 
 
 MUiiiiratiiv ■- 
 
 adopt, -ed 105 
 
 •droit 106 
 
 •dulation '7fi 
 
 Page. 
 
 atlvanoetl 104 
 
 advanta<ce, -ous I'Hi 
 
 advente 10(5, 2.')n 
 
 affable, -ability 107 
 
 affinity 213 
 
 affluence ll»7 
 
 affront 107 
 
 age 145 
 
 agnostic, -isai 108 
 
 aggrandize, -meiit 108 
 
 j^fgravate 16<i 
 
 agree 103 
 
 agreeable 139 
 
 ailment 15fl 
 
 aim 2tifi 
 
 alien, -iitc, -ation 109 
 
 alike 218 
 
 all 164 
 
 alleged 104 
 
 allegory 109 
 
 allude, -aion 109 
 
 always 164 
 
 amenable 157 
 
 amend 110 
 
 among 128 
 
 ample jIO 
 
 anecdote Ill 
 
 animate, -atiou 110 
 
 annals HI 
 
 annotation 220 
 
 answer Ill 
 
 antipathy 187 
 
 anxiety 181 
 
 apathy, -thetic 198 
 
 aphorism 116 
 
 apology 112 
 
 apothegm 116 
 
 apparent 112 
 
 appellation 220 
 
 apply 104 
 
 apprehend, -sion 112 
 
 approbation 114 
 
 approve 114 
 
 apt, -ness 248 
 
 ardent 279 
 
 arduous 118 
 
 arraign 102 
 
 art, arts 219, 244 
 
 artifice 270 
 
 ascendency 200 
 
 ascribe 118 
 
 assemble 142 
 
 assent ■ • 114 
 
 assert, -tion 114, 221 
 
INDEX TO SYNONYMS. 
 
 33r) 
 
 Paor. 
 
 . ... KM 
 
 . ... KH. 
 
 iO(i, 2sn 
 
 . ... 107 
 . ... 213 
 
 .... nn 
 
 .... 107 
 .... 145 
 .... 108 
 .. 108 
 . .. 16« 
 . . 108 
 .... 189 
 . 16fl 
 .... 266 
 . . . 109 
 .. 218 
 . . . 164 
 104 
 . . . . 100 
 . . 109 
 . . 164 
 .... 157 
 . ... 110 
 . . . 128 
 
 . .no 
 . . Ill 
 . no 
 . .111 
 
 .... 220 
 .... Ill 
 .... 187 
 ... 181 
 . ... 198 
 .... 116 
 .... 112 
 .. .116 
 .... 112 
 .... 226 
 .... 104 
 .. . 112 
 . . 114 
 . . . . 114 
 .... 848 
 .... 279 
 .. .118 
 .... 102 
 210, 244 
 .... 270 
 ... 200 
 . . . lU 
 11«, 1» 
 
 Msiduous 
 
 assign, ed '.'.".'.'.'.'.'. iju 
 
 aswunie 
 
 Paok. 
 
 154 
 113 
 
 IIKt 
 2 4 
 
 KS8 
 
 assurance 
 
 atrocious 
 
 attention ' i(,u ...w 
 
 attribute ^ "• ff* 
 
 austere, -ity \\i 
 
 author.... . . "'^ 
 
 authorit\ 
 
 270 
 21.(1 
 
 averse, -sion ijr, 107 or^, 
 
 avocation ' ***'• f;^' 
 
 awaken " ' ' , „? 
 
 axiom 
 
 " lie 
 
 backward 
 baffie 
 
 11.1 
 
 balance '.'. "L' 
 
 banish, -ment ffi 
 
 hase tt' 
 
 beat, -en j{° 
 
 because t,}. 
 
 S'^'"*^ :::::::::::;:;::; nS 
 
 r*»> * • •.• 119 
 
 begin, -ningr j ,« 2S4 
 
 begruile, . ." ^"' f?3 
 
 behaviour ^IL 
 
 beUef :::; J2n 
 
 belles lettres oi?' 9,0 
 
 beneficent ^^'' fj? 
 
 benevolence |,i 
 
 benignity '.'.'.:.'.'.'.'.:: 122 
 
 bent • Jff 
 
 beseech ," 
 
 besides '. i 9./ 1 o^ 
 
 bestow 122, 12. 
 
 better \f' 
 
 between "? 
 
 betwixt ::; Jl^ 
 
 beyond ;.::;; J| 
 
 bias \^ 
 
 blame, -ing .".■.■:;;;;• nl 
 
 bland f^* 
 
 blunder \i^ 
 
 boduy ;;;;; \^ 
 
 bold, -ness j*° 
 
 border, -s in- 
 bound, -ed, -ary '. ,.7: 
 
 bountiful vn \o!' 
 
 brace 121. I2b 
 
 bravery .'.V.V.V v.. V. Jok 
 
 breeding .:: :::.;;;:- ' ig 
 
 buresque jag ^ 
 
 business "' ^" 
 
 bye-word 
 
 244 
 116 
 
 cabal ,07 
 
 calamity, -ies ,,i 
 
 calculate \zL 
 
 — _tsi Iza 
 
 SSm.!::::::: ]^ 
 
 assjTf!: ;!•:;;;••;•:;;;•;•; -"aim 
 
 Pahk 
 
 can, cannot „.,. 
 
 candid ' " 
 
 candour 
 
 capacious 
 
 capacit.N .".'.'.'..■ o« 
 
 captious ,?? 
 
 care ... ,;.• • , 
 
 oarelessnesV .'.■.■.■. ^'^^' J^*} 
 
 case \^ 
 
 carriage J"? 
 
 carrying "' 
 
 cause \l\ 
 
 cautious ~* 
 
 celebrate £^ 
 
 131 
 13(! 
 nil 
 
 124 
 
 censure 
 
 cbagrin '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.....'. ^\ 
 
 chance ' 'iW Vul 
 
 changeable ^'^^^ \%% 
 
 character iW f?f 
 
 characterize ' T^ 
 
 "ba^fe ■■...■.■.'.■.■. ii^ 181 
 
 .tr.'"?'. ■ ■ • « 
 
 '•bo't-e '.■.'..■.■.■.■■■ 134' 2M 
 
 choose, -ing ' T?I 
 
 chronic...* ;;;;;; Jf* 
 
 chronicles „f 
 
 circulate .' i" 
 
 circumspect f^f 
 
 circumstance \^ 
 
 cite, -ed ; V, t,y,. 
 
 civil },^' l*^ 
 
 civilization....... ^^'' ^l 
 
 claim ..,;; \** 
 
 clamour iSx 
 
 clandestine, -ly ' ' fj? 
 
 ''jear '.'.'.V.'.:'.'.".':' m 
 
 clearness. ' iil 
 
 cl08e,-ed ^ 
 
 coherence \^ 
 
 coincide ;x5 
 
 collected ,|S 
 
 colloquy '.'.'.'.".'. tio 
 
 combination lo- 
 
 comely :;;.■.;; \\k 
 
 comical " 167 
 
 commence, -nient...!!! 120 
 
 commerce gofl 
 
 commercial fqi 
 
 commemorated .".'.' i|S 
 
 commendable o]r 
 
 comment t!£. 
 
 commentary SS 
 
 common, -ly ".'.'.".'.'."."" 136 178 
 
 commonplace lafl 
 
 communication qm 
 
 communion oofi 
 
 comparison ' ^ 
 
 oomDatibls. f;i 
 
 compendium inn 
 
 compensation joa 
 
 competent ] 24fl 
 
 competition ' .' ^ 
 
336 
 
 INr)KX TO 8YNONYM8. 
 
 Paok. 
 
 coiniiluisance, -t 107, 
 
 oomiiluiiit . 
 
 complete 
 
 foinpletion 141, 
 
 coiiiplinient 
 
 comply 
 
 compose, -efl 1*20, 
 
 comprehend 
 
 compute, -tation 
 
 co'.ception 
 
 conceive 
 
 concern . 
 
 concert 
 
 conciliate, -or, -ing 
 
 conclude, -sive 135, 139, 
 
 concur, -rence lO.'i, 
 
 condemn 12 J, 
 
 condesceuHlon 107, 
 
 condone 
 
 conduce, -ive 
 
 cotiduct 
 
 confer 
 
 conference 
 
 confined 
 
 confines 
 
 confirm, -ed 
 
 conformable 
 
 confound, -ed 96, 
 
 confused 
 
 confute, -ed 
 
 conjuncture 
 
 connection 
 
 conaanj^uinity 
 
 consequence 160, 
 
 consequently 140, 
 
 consent 103, 
 
 consider, -ate, -ation 140, 193, 
 
 consistent 
 
 consonate 
 
 conspiracy 
 
 constitute 
 
 constitution 
 
 consummate, -ation 
 
 contemplation 
 
 contena 
 
 contifiTUOUS 
 
 contract, -ed. 96, 
 
 contrary 
 
 contribute 104, 
 
 contrive 
 
 contumac ous, -acy 
 
 convene 
 
 conversation 
 
 convoke 
 
 copy 
 
 cordial 
 
 corporal, -eal . 
 corroborate . . 
 
 count 
 
 couple 
 
 court 
 
 Paoi. 
 
 crime 143^ 
 
 crisis 143 
 
 criterion 262 
 
 cross 130 
 
 cro»s-;,'rained 130 
 
 cry 229 
 
 cultivation 144 
 
 culture 144 
 
 curtail go 
 
 custom 144 
 
 damage in 
 
 danjrer 145 
 
 date 146 
 
 dealing .' 2f»6 
 
 deliar, -ring 140 
 
 deliased 95 
 
 debate 145 
 
 (leceive, -ed, -wg I4(j 
 
 decent ng 
 
 dei'eptlon 147 
 
 decide 147 
 
 decisive isg 
 
 declamation 103 
 
 decree 147 
 
 decrease '. 90 
 
 decry U8 
 
 <leed 103 
 
 defamation 113, 129 
 
 defeat 117, lis 
 
 defect 194 
 
 defence 112 
 
 defer 143 
 
 deference 137 
 
 degraded 95 
 
 delay ug 
 
 deliberate, -tion 146, 267 
 
 delicate 143 
 
 delicious 149 
 
 delightful, -ed 149, 180 
 
 delude 147 
 
 delusion 147, 174 
 
 demand 135 
 
 demeanour 121 
 
 demur 150 
 
 denunciation .' 226 
 
 depict 150, 236 
 
 deportment 121 
 
 depraved 95 
 
 depreciate 143 
 
 deprive I4fl 
 
 derision 268 
 
 describe 150 
 
 description 102 150 
 
 desert, -ed 95, 223 
 
 design 151 
 
 designation 226 
 
 desire, -able 119, lei 
 
 desolate, -tion 247 
 
 deter, -red, -mine 147, 161 
 
 d-otest, abic OS, tOJ; 
 
 detract, -ion 113, 129, 148 
 
 devastation 247 
 
 develop, -ed, -ment 151 
 
INDEX TO SYNONYMS. 
 
 337 
 
 Paok. 
 
 143 
 
 143 
 
 262 
 
 ... 130 
 
 131) 
 
 229 
 
 144 
 
 144 
 
 9« 
 
 144 
 
 191 
 
 14.5 
 
 145 
 
 2"t« 
 
 146 
 
 06 
 
 146 
 
 14tt 
 
 lift 
 
 147 
 
 147 
 
 138 
 
 103 
 
 147 
 
 96 
 
 148 
 
 103 
 
 .. 113, 129 
 .. 117, 118 
 
 194 
 
 112 
 
 148 
 
 137 
 
 95 
 
 148 
 
 .. 146, 267 
 
 148 
 
 149 
 
 .. 149, 180 
 
 147 
 
 . 147, 174 
 
 135 
 
 121 
 
 150 
 
 ...... 226 
 
 .. 150, 236 
 
 121 
 
 05 
 
 148 
 
 146 
 
 253 
 
 150 
 
 .. 102. 150 
 
 ... 95, 223 
 
 151 
 
 226 
 
 . 119, 161 
 
 247 
 
 .. 147, 151 
 
 . . . OS, liKj 
 
 3, 129, 148 
 
 247 
 
 161 
 
 <levfse 
 
 devoted r'! 
 
 dialect l^. 
 
 dialogue .'..'.'.'.". lio 
 
 diction ]*l 
 
 dictionary " * i k« 
 
 difference i.i 
 
 difficult, -y ■;. no " ;;« ^"f 
 
 diffidence ' \-I' oH 
 
 diffuse, .nes8 ^°^' ?24 
 
 diligent, <!e \f^- i^K 
 
 diminish ^"' 256 
 
 direction .' • .^ 
 
 ^jrectiy ■...■..■...:■.;■.:•.:; JhJ 
 
 disaster i^ 
 
 disbelief ;; \^ 
 
 diwerninent iit 
 
 disconcert ]^^ 
 
 discourse ." |i" 
 
 discretion ikV '>in 
 
 SX"'':;''" •■■■•••■■ ■•"■»:i^ 
 
 discuss v. fifl 
 
 disease , „ 
 
 dishearten '.'. ]t° 
 
 dislike •■;; ]ll 
 
 disorder ]°^ 
 
 disparage .; ;.' i^ 
 
 disposition t^ 
 
 disproved .■,..'" iSx 
 
 dispute *™ 
 
 disqualify .■::.•:::::::; JJJ 
 
 disseminate oem 
 
 dissimulate ?2f 
 
 dissoluteness '.."". iA^ 
 
 distinction ... ^ 
 
 ^St"':^ •.:-:'.::vi^;| 
 
 domicile '. ,„I 
 
 Paob. 
 
 .. 174 
 .. 263 
 . 187 
 . 152 
 . 162 
 . lOU 
 . 110 
 . 187 
 . 162 
 . 162 
 246 
 
 emotion 
 
 emphasis ......'..., 
 
 emulation ....'..' 
 
 encyclopajdiii '.'. .....'. 
 
 endurance .. . .. ' 
 
 enigma 
 
 enliven ] . , . * 
 
 enmity , . . ' 
 
 enthusiast, -iasin .' .' 
 
 entire 
 
 entitled 
 
 entreat '.■.■. ■.■.■.'.■.■. uq «., 
 
 enumerate... ^"*' f" 
 
 e".7. -Jo"-* '■'•.'■' .'.'Z':.'m 2^ 
 
 epitome "*• r~ 
 
 epoch J^ 
 
 equity, -ahk- .■.■.■.....•..■;:;•• iV/ i}J 
 
 equivocate, -cal '^il 
 
 era 
 
 erect ' ' 
 
 erKvtic 
 
 error ['[ 
 
 erudition 
 
 essay 
 
 essence '/] 
 
 essential ., 
 
 establish, -ed. ."'".'.■.■. ,„o o^ 
 
 estimate..... ^^®' 204 
 
 estrange ;.' J^S 
 
 events :f "; 
 
 ever, every ...'.'..'.", Jf? 
 
 evidence, -t ■.'.■.■. \\W |"* 
 
 exact "^' ]^ 
 
 e.Kamination ..."."* J^ 
 
 example *«« 
 
 exasperate, -ed i^ 
 
 exceed ^^ 
 
 excel J°« 
 
 excepted .■.■.■■.■.■.■;.■; .,21 
 
 168 
 146 
 204 
 97 
 164 
 218 
 164 
 227 
 227 
 
 doubtful 
 
 186 
 
 dread....' .'.'.■ .■;.;.■. ^Jl 
 
 drift 
 
 112 
 
 dJoU.VV.V 1»6,26« 
 
 duU .. , 
 du^...., 
 
 167 
 2C4 
 168 
 
 exception, -al kV' 
 
 m. 
 
 each 
 
 ease , 
 
 eccentric 
 
 economy 
 
 economical |eg 
 
 education {?a 
 
 effect, -ual, -ive ....!.".," {^ 
 
 eilicient, -cacious jg^ 
 
 Kie'.-.v.v.v.v.v.v;;;;;.-;;-^^}Sf 
 
 elocution \^i 
 
 eloquence .'!.'.'.'.'!.".'.';.*:." iai 
 
 •S^.""". :;:;:::;;; '""'l^a 
 
 emergency jf, 
 
 emolument i^ 
 
 33 
 
 166 
 168 
 159 
 159 
 
 231 
 
 excite "'• 231 
 
 exclude j°^ 
 
 exculpation ....'."'.*.*.' };^ 
 
 excuse ■■•••• ::»• Ji^ 
 
 exe«;rable *"' J®^ 
 
 exemption |^ 
 
 exhilarate {"* 
 
 exigency [[' "" 
 
 exile f *2 
 
 expedient. -ce.::::;;-;:;;;:ii«,^ 
 
 exploit :;:;;: ]f» 
 
 exploration (^ 
 
 exposed ^ 
 
 express . 
 
 109 
 
 expreMive, -ion !..""269 stb 
 
 expulsion 7 ..; • ' '"*• 278 
 
 lee 
 
 fable ^' 
 
 facetioue, -nese.... .".."'* iSJf 
 
 fact.. •••• IM 
 
 IM 
 
338 
 
 INDEX TO 8YNONVM8. 
 
 Paok. 
 
 fitotion 127 
 
 flM'tiollH 170 
 
 faculty, -ties 171 
 
 'air 171 
 
 faithless, -riess 171 
 
 fame 172,181 
 
 fanatic .* . 162 
 
 fancy 172 
 
 fashion 144 
 
 fate 132, 147 
 
 fatiffue 173 
 
 fault 194 
 
 fealty igQ 
 
 fear 112 
 
 fearleasiiess 126 
 
 feasible . 173 
 
 'eelhiK 174 
 
 feiarn, -ing 174 
 
 fertlk> 176 
 
 fervour 278 
 
 fickle 132 
 
 fine 149 
 
 fine arts 244 
 
 finish, -Ing 136,175 
 
 fit 119 
 
 flagitious 188 
 
 flagrant I88 
 
 flat 204 
 
 flattery, -ing 175 
 
 flavour .. 2Cr> 
 
 fleeting 26f 
 
 flight 265 
 
 flightiness 217 
 
 flourish 176 
 
 fluctuate 150 
 
 'oil 117 
 
 folded 161 
 
 foolish 209 
 
 forbear, -ing lOl 
 
 forecast 176 
 
 foresight 176 
 
 forgive, -en I68 
 
 forsake 95 
 
 form 176 
 
 fortitude 125, 162 
 
 fortune, -ate 182, 186 
 
 found, -ed, -ing 204 
 
 frame 177 
 
 frankness 130 
 
 fraud 178 
 
 freedom 194 
 
 frequently 178 
 
 fretful 180 
 
 frontiers 125 
 
 fruitless, -ful 175, 274 
 
 frustrate Hfl 
 
 fulfil, -led 101, 178 
 
 G 
 
 gain 174 
 
 jfarb 189 
 
 garrulity 264 
 
 generai -ly 179, 274 
 
 generation 146 
 
 genius 205 
 
 Paoi. 
 
 gentle 17» 
 
 k'ibe 210 
 
 giddiness 217 
 
 give 180 
 
 glad 180 
 
 glory 181 
 
 glossary 162 
 
 good-breeding 222 
 
 K'ood-nianners 2'. 2 
 
 goodness 223 
 
 govern, -ing I8I 
 
 grucetul 119 
 
 gracious 182 
 
 grant 180 
 
 gratify, -ed, -ing, -iflcation 180, 182 
 
 grave , . 183 
 
 grievance 183 
 
 grudge 183 
 
 guide 184 
 
 guile 177 
 
 guilt 143 
 
 guise. 184 
 
 H. 
 habit 144, 184 
 
 habitation 186 
 
 happen, -s, -ing 186 
 
 happy, -iness 186, 278 
 
 harangue 103 
 
 hard 113 
 
 hardship 183 
 
 hariu 191 
 
 haste, -n, -y 186 
 
 hatred I86 
 
 hazard 146 
 
 head 187 
 
 headstrong 232 
 
 hearty, -iness I88 
 
 heed, -ful 188, 224 
 
 heinous 188 
 
 hesitate, -ion 160, 254 
 
 hidden 186, 216 
 
 hint 109 
 
 hold 189, 221 
 
 homage 189 
 
 honesty 190 
 
 honour 181 
 
 hostile 107 
 
 however 190 
 
 h'manity 122 
 
 humbled 95 
 
 humiliated 95 
 
 humour 182 
 
 hurry I86 
 
 hurt 191 
 
 I. 
 
 idle 192 
 
 idiom 214 
 
 ignorant, -ce 192 
 
 illiterate 102 
 
 illness 267 
 
 ili-tiined . . 2«8 
 
 ill-usage 269 
 
 Ill-wUl 187 
 
 
Pasi. 
 
 17» 
 
 210 
 
 217 
 
 18<) 
 
 1«0 
 
 181 
 
 162 
 
 222 
 
 2.2 
 
 2*23 
 
 181 
 
 119 
 
 182 
 
 180 
 
 180, 182 
 
 183 
 
 ,. .. 183 
 
 .... 183 
 
 184 
 
 .... 177 
 
 .... 143 
 
 .... 184 
 
 .... 113 
 .... 183 
 .... 191 
 .... 186 
 .... 186 
 .... 146 
 .... 187 
 .... 232 
 .... 188 
 188, 224 
 
 190 
 181 
 107 
 190 
 122 
 95 
 95 
 182 
 186 
 191 
 
 19S 
 
 214 
 192 
 102 
 257 
 268 
 269 
 187 
 
 INDKX TO SVNOSYM8. 
 
 339 
 
 Paor. 
 
 illustrate, -tion jgg 
 
 Illustrious ........".' 157 
 
 imaginaf.ion ...!.!.!!,!,. 172 
 
 Immaterial. .. ioq 
 
 iinnie<hutely j 54 
 
 imminent .'.*...'.'. 193 
 
 immunity 193 
 
 impeach i(»2 
 
 impendin>r 11)3 
 
 imperfection 194 
 
 impious, -iety 209 
 
 implacable . .' 195 
 
 impIore<t j2o 
 
 l™p|y>»«<» :.:.:.'::: 268 
 
 import IP5 
 
 importunity 2(j(i 
 
 impose ....'.'.'.'."" U7 
 
 impuf^ied |3(, 
 
 impute jjij 
 
 jnmi vertence, -cj ■.■.'.■.■.■. i'26, 2;i5 
 
 inattention „„j 
 
 mored 20'' 
 
 inborn. 
 
 202 
 
 incident i<u 
 
 incite ::;■:•• {^ 
 
 inclination . 
 
 incoherent, ^56 . 
 
 incontf rous 
 
 inconsiderable 272 
 
 inconsistent, -cy me 
 
 l-.;2 
 19(1 
 106 
 
 inconstant 
 
 196 
 
 inconvertible 197 
 
 incredulity !« 
 
 Indebted ....■.■.■.■.■ ■ 197 
 
 indifference ^gg 
 
 indiscriminate, -Iv .*. 244 
 
 indlaporildon iqs 2.O8 
 
 indisputable 197 
 
 indolent.-oe ■.■..192, 199 
 
 indubitable 197 19,, 
 
 mdulffe jg2 
 
 industrioxia , 154 
 
 ineffectual 27"i 
 
 inexorable 15)5 
 
 infamous, -y ::/:,][ 2fH) 
 
 inferior or,i 
 
 jnMeUty ■..■.■.■.■...■ is* 
 
 influence 200 
 
 infraction 201 
 
 infrin)^, -ed, -ment. . 201 
 
 ingenious, -ly goj 
 
 ingenuous, ness iso 201 
 
 ingratiate, -incr 203 
 
 inherent ' 202 
 
 inimical 107 
 
 iniquitous 278 
 
 \^i^^, ■.'.■. "'191; 203 
 
 injustice 203 
 
 inquiry '.'.'.'....'. I6.5 
 
 insensibility 195 
 
 insignificant 272 
 
 isfiinid ' sv. - 
 
 insinuate, -ing. . 203 
 
 inspire, -ation no 
 
 Instance, -tly i^\ jgg 
 
 instantaneously 
 
 institute -ed, -in<»! 
 
 insult '^',[[ 
 
 Integrity ,[,[ 
 
 intellect, -ual. . . . ..." 
 
 intelligence , 
 
 intend 
 
 interce<le, -cestion. . . 
 
 intercoui'se 
 
 Interfere ,,[ 
 
 intermeddle 
 
 intermediate 
 
 Interposition 
 
 interpretation 
 
 intervene, -tion . , . . 
 
 intrepidity 
 
 introductory 
 
 intrude, -sion 
 
 invective , 
 
 invent 
 
 investigation 
 
 inverte<i 
 
 invidiiius 
 
 irrational 
 
 irrelevant 
 
 irrefragable 
 
 irreligious, -ion . . 
 irritate 
 
 Pasb. 
 
 154 
 
 304 
 
 108 
 
 190 
 
 . 203, 22;{ 
 . 206, 228 
 
 161 
 
 20.^ 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 206 
 
 123 
 
 205, 207 
 224 
 
 123, 207 
 
 12.. 
 
 207 
 
 207 
 
 208 
 
 141 
 
 166 
 
 286 
 
 «« 
 
 20« 
 
 193 
 
 197, 199 
 
 .... 809 
 • • - • 166 
 
 J*! ' 
 
 jtHijardy. . . 
 J •«■.;;';•«, joc". 
 Jo< :nd 
 joy' : 
 
 udgment . . 
 ; jstificntion . 
 
 ust 
 
 ustice 
 
 uvenile 
 
 168, 209 
 
 210 
 
 146 
 
 170 
 
 220 
 
 180 
 
 166i 210 
 
 112 
 
 119 
 
 211 
 
 .... 278 
 
 K. 
 
 keen 
 
 kind, -ness 122 
 
 kindred 
 
 knowledge 
 
 ... 212 
 
 182, 212 
 
 ... 212 
 
 .... 213 
 
 laborious 25^ 
 
 ]^^ ::::;:..: 213 
 
 .^ 218 
 
 language 214 
 
 languor jy^ 
 
 latent , '. . 215 
 
 lassitude •■•..'■.....'... 178 
 
 laudable ,,,. 2I6 
 
 '**; ■ ...'." iii^ 215', 222 
 
 »^'Hl 216 
 
 "•■«*.y 220 
 
 lay.laid 2i« 
 
 i"2y 192 
 
 leader igi^ 
 
 learning, -ed .'. . Vis/ 2vj' 219 
 
 •«»ve ; 219 
 
340 
 
 INDKX TO SYNONYMS. 
 
 217 
 217 
 
 Paob. 
 
 t*gti 215 
 
 lefritimate a, = 
 
 lessen ^^^ 
 
 letters 
 levity. 
 
 lexicon ..." tik 
 
 liable '■"' 
 
 libel 
 
 liberality . 
 liberty . . . 
 licence . . . 
 licentiousness 
 
 204 
 129 
 121 
 21tf 
 2ia 
 220 
 
 lie, lies [ ."J^o 
 
 lightness ■■'.....'.'.... hi 
 
 likeness .^is 
 
 jw"" '.'.'''.'■''.:'.'.'.::::::: m 
 
 listless, -ness 198, 218 
 
 literary '217 
 
 literature ij'-iV .>iq 
 
 liveiihocKi ■;;;. '• i{l 
 
 lively, -ness .19,, 
 
 living :.:;: .jfj 
 
 loath, lo ithe, -ing ns, 115, 187 
 
 loiter ' 218 
 
 loose, -ness .320 
 
 loquacity .>ju 
 
 low....: :..;:;; ^ 
 
 ?"°ky ;;;::: 186 
 
 lucre 
 
 179 
 
 ludicrous ..'..,..... 157 
 
 M. 
 
 maintain, -ed 114 221 
 
 maintenance '>\9 
 
 makeshift T«u 
 
 ""lady ■.■■.:■.'.■.■.■.•.■.■■. m 
 
 malevolent, ce <>21 
 
 ™*}j<^ ■.■■..... 187, 221 
 
 malicious 221 
 
 malignity, -nant 137 221 
 
 manage ' j^j 
 
 manifest. 
 
 112 
 
 S=i";:::;:.:;;;.v..v.;"'^''S^ 
 
 "»»*™ ii«, 222 
 
 may : 222 
 
 ™«»": 99, I18, I3«, 151 
 
 meaning ' 
 
 mediate '.....'.'. 
 
 meditate ■■■.......... , „ 
 
 meekness. /_ ji-j^ 
 
 memoirs '■'■'.'..'..'..'.. m 
 
 memorable 258 
 
 menaced -ie? 
 
 mend ["jq 
 
 mental 2'>3 
 
 mercantile '.'... jae 
 
 mercenary ..'..'....... 
 
 merciful ,. ' 
 
 merit ...'.'... 
 
 merry 
 
 metJIPl;""- ^ ■'■'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 100 
 
 '"^^"ol. •. 144. 275 
 
 inccBcuicoi .lyj 
 
 «»iw :;;;;;:;:;:: m 
 
 U5 
 200 
 I7ll 
 
 274 
 182 
 223 
 220 
 
 Paok. 
 
 .. 2.3 
 
 .. 22;> 
 
 .. 127 
 
 .. U.i 
 
 mind 
 
 mindful ...........' .."" 
 
 mischance 
 
 misconduct 
 
 misconstrue 224 
 
 misdemeanour ., 14.J 
 
 .misfortune 07 
 
 misgiving .;.■;■ \-L 
 
 mi!4hap 7^? 
 
 misinterpret ....... 1 i.,! 
 
 mislead ,7- 
 
 mistake wu 
 
 mistrust ?.; 
 
 mode ir 
 
 model .'.".'.'.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■. im 
 
 moderation o.JV 
 
 modesty .",.,? 
 
 moral \[[ ."(."I 
 
 mortification 
 
 motive 
 
 munificence, -ent to, 
 
 mutable jo., 
 
 mutinous i-J" 
 
 mutual, -ly ■.■.;■;; ^.^f 
 
 274 
 131 
 
 name 
 
 N. 
 
 220 
 
 narrative Tru, 
 
 narrow ,,!;„ 
 
 naturally ['.'.['.'.'.'.'.'.'. t/m 
 
 necessary 227 
 
 necessity ooi 
 
 need ; ^f! 
 
 nefarious '.,'. ^tk 
 
 neglecting '/''[ 
 
 negligent 
 
 227 
 227 
 
 negotitite 
 netgiibourhood 
 
 news 
 
 nice 
 
 noise, -y 
 
 note 2.^ 
 
 notice " " 229 
 
 novel jgX 
 
 228 
 228 
 149 
 228 
 
 obedient, -ce , . 
 oblect, -s, -ion . 
 
 obligation 
 
 obno.xious 
 
 obsequious .... 
 
 observe, -ed 
 
 observant, -tion 
 ol)8tinate, -cy .., 
 obvious 
 
 odd ; 
 
 offence 
 
 often 
 
 o. 
 
 224 
 
 omen 
 
 opposite 
 
 option, -al "......'."" 
 
 opulence ! ^ ! . ! ! ! 
 
 oral , , , , ' ' ' 
 
 oration, oratory lyo' 
 
 order. -ly 
 
 230 
 230 
 168 
 204 
 280 
 2S0 
 229 
 281 
 112 
 169 
 US 
 178 
 288 
 107 
 
 187 
 
 Itll 
 284 
 
INDKX TO SYNONYMS. 
 
 Paok. 
 
 .. 2.a 
 .. 22:> 
 
 .. 127 
 
 .. H.i 
 .. 224 
 
 .. i4:{ 
 
 .. .27 
 
 .. 153 
 
 .. 127 
 
 .. 224 
 
 .. 14; 
 
 . . I«4 
 
 .. 15a 
 
 .. 27:. 
 
 .. im 
 
 .. 224 
 , . 224 
 222 
 ''. 274 
 . 131 
 . 121 
 . 182 
 . 271 
 . 223 
 
 . .. 220 
 ... 102 
 ... 220 
 . .. 22t5 
 .. 227 
 ..227 
 .. 213 
 .. 278 
 .. 227 
 .. 227 
 .. 201) 
 .. 228 
 .. 228 
 .. 140 
 .. 228 
 .. 220 
 .. 22» 
 
 .. low 
 
 230 
 230 
 158 
 2«H 
 230 
 230 
 22!> 
 281 
 112 
 159 
 143 
 178 
 233 
 107 
 233 
 187 
 
 341 
 
 _j. Pao«. 
 
 ordinary ,_.. 
 
 orifirin. :::::: i^; 
 
 outcry $:;* 
 
 outdo 220 
 
 ontrojge '.'.'.'.'.'. ".'.'.W Jl 
 
 outwit .... iy:2 
 
 overpowered ,,7| 
 
 oversijrht \.° 
 
 overthrow, n \\l- f,.,. 
 
 overturn, -ed . . , |jr 
 
 P 
 
 paint 
 
 pair " .' " 
 
 parable 
 
 paragraph .....'.".".'.■; . no,, 
 
 pardon, -ed tZ 
 
 parody 
 partake 
 
 120 
 1(K> 
 
 108 
 23(1 
 
 participate ..;.■.■,■.■.,:.' .t|" | Vf"\^r 
 
 Paob. 
 
 P".'?fy .,4.. 
 
 I"«'''^«-Mlin- *^ 
 
 proc-essioii .... f^ 
 
 pro(;lttnuiM<in .. f^ 
 
 procrastinate .... ,;* 
 
 pro<lucti„„ "° 
 
 |)rofession if° 
 
 proHitfate ''^ 
 
 propostic .■:.■;: 2^ 
 
 prohibit...,. f*! 
 
 prolix, -ity .;.;; t*^ 
 
 Prolonjr \^t 
 
 prominent 
 
 proniiHC'iiouM, -ly 
 
 prompt 
 
 proof " ■ • 
 
 propajfate. 
 
 148 
 lft7 
 244 
 247 
 l(ir> 
 
 201 
 
 particular, -ize 
 
 patience ;:,;. .,.,- 
 
 pattern ^"'^' f^]. 
 
 pause , VJl 
 
 peaceful .' ,:, 
 
 peevish ; Jr'; 
 
 penetration .' ifl 
 
 I)enman ™" 
 
 perceptive, -tion '.' il,. 
 
 peremptory, -ily ^I' 
 
 perfect f*" 
 
 perform JJJr 
 
 peril :::::;: }»^ 
 
 period ; V,- t,^ 
 
 perplex. -ed ' ^^ 
 
 perspicuous, -ly o,y 
 
 130 
 
 230 
 130 
 112 
 112 
 
 127 
 107 
 288 
 
 proportion 
 
 proJKise 
 
 proposition 
 prosecute 
 
 110 
 247 
 S4.5 
 230 
 245 
 
 petulant 
 
 ph™«e.-oiogy ...;;;::;;;;;:;; isa; 
 
 plain 
 
 plea 
 
 plot 
 
 polite .'..* 
 
 posed 
 
 postpone :T" 
 
 pracliee, -aHe ■■■.■.•.■ iVb, 2" 
 
 241 
 242 
 125 
 102 
 
 1«1, 
 
 prayer 
 
 preceflent, -ce Vm 
 
 precinct V. 
 
 precise 
 
 pret-lude .■.'.■.■ J"^ 
 
 preeminence .' 
 
 preface ........." 
 
 preferable, -enee. lai 
 
 prelude, ' 
 
 prerogative 
 
 PresBHfe ..".".'.'.'.■.■.■.'■' 
 
 prescription. fj*' 
 
 prepossession !.!.!.! is* 
 
 v^^t:.z''. ::::::::::::::;■ '^"' gi 
 
 prevaricate 1/.; 
 
 priority .■.■.■.■::.■::;:; SS 
 
 242 
 241 
 233 
 241 
 I3r, 
 233 
 
 prosperity rZ^ 
 
 protract f'" 
 
 pro-erb *™ 
 
 puerile '/,[[ ij« 
 
 PU'T'ose ■.■.■.■.'.'...■ i.Vi" iln 
 
 pursue *» ^•' 
 
 puzzled ••••'■^'i. '."!." .".".;!;;.■; Ss 
 
 .aallfy. Iflcation . ^.r 
 
 quibbling »*« 
 
 quiet...* ™ 168 
 
 '»"°'«'-«» .:::::::: S: LI 
 
 R 
 rare 
 
 rate, ratio "J; 
 
 rational ." "a 
 
 ravage j™ 
 
 ready, -iness! '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ??i 
 
 realize *•* 
 
 reason, -able ...■.■.■. ..■..■. ,oi' ala 
 
 recant *> •*" 
 
 recapitulate. ..'."■'.■ ^f? 
 
 recite ^} 
 
 •^.koninK ?2i 
 
 reciprocal "' i™ 
 
 recojfnize ',] «g 
 
 reuomiKtnse ?J? 
 
 reconcile, -inp j22 
 
 recover ^* 
 
 rectify '.'.'.'.'.['.'.'.'. „? 
 
 ret-titude "2 
 
 redress *J? 
 
 refer, -ence rSj 
 
 refinement 
 
 reform 
 
 refrain, ing 
 refute, -ed 
 rejrain 
 
 IW 
 144 
 
 iiO 
 101 
 W 
 
 regard .....,..'.'.. JS 
 
342 
 
 INDEX TO SYNONYMS. 
 
 Paok. 
 
 rwrolar 234 
 
 renearae 251 
 
 reloinder ill 
 
 relieve 106 
 
 relinquish 96 
 
 reluctant 116, 260 
 
 remainder 117, 261 
 
 remark, -ed 229 
 
 remisK 227 
 
 remnant 261 
 
 remuneration 137 
 
 renounce 99 
 
 repair 249 
 
 repartee 262 
 
 repeat, repetition 261 
 
 repeal lOO 
 
 represent 160 
 
 reproach 124 
 
 reprobate 06, 252 
 
 reprove, -ing 124 
 
 repudiate 99 
 
 reputation 188 
 
 request 241 
 
 requisite 227 
 
 requital 187 
 
 research 166 
 
 resignation 287 
 
 residue 261 
 
 response Ill 
 
 retentive 266 
 
 retinue 268 
 
 retirement 248 
 
 retort 862 
 
 retract 99 
 
 retrieve 249 
 
 retrospect 268 
 
 reversied 286 
 
 review 263 
 
 reviling 129 
 
 riddle 109 
 
 ridicule, -ous 167, 258 
 
 right 119, 186 
 
 rifoor 116 
 
 riw 884 
 
 rivalrj' 187 
 
 romantic 267 
 
 routed 118 
 
 rule 284 
 
 rani 268 
 
 rustio S6S 
 
 ■atltfaction 187 
 
 ■oarce 847 
 
 •cope 266 
 
 eorib« 278 
 
 scruple 8S4 
 
 seanonable 867 
 
 seclusion 24S 
 
 secondary 256 
 
 secret 186 
 
 secular 878 
 
 seditious 871 I 
 
 sedulous, -tty 886 i 
 
 mmij 119 
 
 PA0R 
 
 select 184 
 
 selection 883 
 
 self-conceit 266 
 
 self-sufficient 266 
 
 self-willed 266 
 
 sensible 866 
 
 sensitive) 266 
 
 sentence 889 
 
 sentient; 266 
 
 sentimental '. 860 
 
 sequence ', 267 
 
 serene i2ft 
 
 series * 267 
 
 severe, -ity 115 
 
 shall, should 267 
 
 share 286 
 
 shuffling 103 
 
 sickness 257 
 
 signal 268 
 
 signify, 'icant 868 
 
 simile, itude 260 
 
 sin 14S 
 
 sincere 130 
 
 singular 247 
 
 situation 134 
 
 slander, -er 114, 129 
 
 social, -iable 260 
 
 solicit, -ation 120, 269 
 
 solicitude IS] 
 
 spacious no 
 
 special 261 
 
 specify 261 
 
 , speech 103 
 
 spontaneous, -ly 861 
 
 spread 262 
 
 standard 262 
 
 sternness 115 
 
 strain 263 
 
 striuitre, -er 109 
 
 stratagem 270 
 
 stress 26.'$ 
 
 strictness 115 
 
 stubborn, -ness 232 
 
 subject 280, 264 
 
 Bubnditsion, -ive 280 
 
 subordinate 868 
 
 substance 143 
 
 subterfuge 270 
 
 subvert, -ing 236 
 
 succession 267 
 
 suffrage 276 
 
 suggest, -ion 109 
 
 suitable ito 
 
 summary 100 
 
 summon, -ing 1^4 
 
 sutHirintendenoe 886 
 
 supplicate, -ion 120 
 
 suppress : loO 
 
 suspense 871 
 
 synopsis 100 
 
 T. 
 
 talk, -aiiva .* mu 
 
 «i*t«. 804 
 
 tautology 869 
 
 I 
 
INDEX TO UYNONYMHi. 
 
 343 
 
 PAflR. 
 
 Jen'F'r 156 
 
 temperance joj 
 
 tern j)oral 278 
 
 temporizer , ,, 268 
 
 temjwrary .......'...'.'.'.' 20^ 
 
 tenacious 266 
 
 ^n(l.-f> ■..■.■.'.'.■.■.'.■.,■.■.■.138, 16.5 
 
 tendency oflfl 
 
 tenderness ii>2 
 
 term .......'......'. ^js 
 
 ^** " 263 
 
 165 
 140 
 267 
 267 
 228 
 267 
 268 
 226 
 244 
 268 
 
 tegtiinony ..'.'.'."' 
 
 therefore ., 
 
 thoiijifhtful ........!!..!' 
 
 threat, -ened 
 
 tidinjfs 
 
 time, timely liy 
 
 time-server, -inir 
 
 title ;.;:;;; 
 
 trade [[[ 
 
 train ■■■■.■'■....'.'... 
 
 transact, -cd, -ion 243 
 
 transitory ' 
 
 treatment 
 
 trick '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
 
 troubles ] 
 
 trust 
 
 tumultuous 
 
 turbulent .............'. 
 
 U. 
 
 ultimate 
 
 uncertainty .' ." ' 
 
 understand, -ing ..., 
 
 undaiinteduess 
 
 uniniiMj. ;ant 
 
 unique 
 
 univenuil .','.".' 
 
 unseii-sunable 
 
 untimely 
 
 upbraid 
 
 upri}fhtnesN 
 
 urbane , , 
 
 UKWe .....146^ 
 
 rn\. 
 
 265 
 261) 
 2J» 
 270 
 121 
 270 
 271 
 
 130 
 271 
 271 
 126 
 272 
 247 
 272 
 268 
 
 124 
 
 241) 
 2f.3 
 209 
 
 V. Pisa. 
 
 vain Mg 
 
 variable us 
 
 venal m^ 
 
 verbal S» 
 
 versatile '.'.'.'.WW'.W " m 
 
 vexation .'.*,'."" 274 
 
 vicinity ......."."" fHk 
 
 vimlant " ' 1*1 
 
 vile i« 
 
 vUihr, -flcation i£ 
 
 vindicate ....!! 114 
 
 visible tio 
 
 vigitation '..'///, ^ 
 
 vocal MO 
 
 vocation jjg 
 
 *■«}«»; ::::::::;;:: m 
 
 voluntary |g| 
 
 ^•o*« .■.■.■;.".■. ■.■.'::. "876 
 
 •■uI«»P IM 
 
 W. 
 
 wary, -mess jgj 
 
 watchfulness * | " 131 
 
 waver 254 
 
 *»y;- .'.'.'.'.I'.'.i::::: m 
 
 wealth 107 
 
 wearisome !!.!.!..!! 276 
 
 welfare 276 
 
 wellbeiny 276 
 
 «'lj;»««j .■::;.■.■.■.■.■.■; 276 
 
 will 277 
 
 willingness 261 
 
 whole im 
 
 word 277 
 
 worldly .".■■.'.'.■."!.".' 278 
 
 writer 278 
 
 T. 
 
 youthful , 279 
 
 a 
 
 •eal 27» 
 
 THH OOFH, OUABK OOMHA.NV, UMITKI), I'RINTKJW, UOLBy&«!, MUKKT. roiWNTO. 
 
■u ■;:i'x 
 
ft 
 
 tW^':i^i