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We have great pleasure in communicating to you officially an authorized English translation of the Encyclical letter which our Holy Father, Leo XIU.. has recently addressed to the Canadian Hierarchy. This memorable pronouncement, Bplong and anxiously expected, will inark an epoch in the religious history of Canada. Its luminous teachinge on the various topics of which it treats are worthy of the .ffreat Pope who. in theseperilous times, steers the hark of Meri and, coming as they do from the Vicar, of Christ, and with all the authority of his office. :^iU #re as beacoil li^ts^^to guide us on the pathof duty amid le doubts and perplexities ttiattoo often beset it. «« important Encyclical claims m .')f. p '■^m i.^ A our 8eriou9 attention in all its partB,- and ghould be \l^&ighed and studied in its entirety. There is not a paragraph or a sentence in.it that has nut for us a definite meaning, and that does not deserve due consideration. Like the nicely, balanced works of a clock, no part of it can be neglected or ignored without detriment to the meaning and understanding of it as a whole. We, therefore, bespeak for it a careful study and consideration. -> We need hardly assure our Holy Father, on behalf of ourselves and clergy and laity, that we give our unreserved and hearty adhesion to all its teachings and directions. Here we would willingly stop and allow the Holy Father to speak to us from the pages of his Encyclical, were it not otir duty to advert to and to condemn certain pernicious errors which m connection with the discussions oh the Manitoba School question, obtained a wide circulation, even amongst Cathohcs.and which aimed at. attacked and Repudiated the divine rights and authority of Bishops and of the Church. • Some of these errors denied the riglits of the Church dver^e education of her children. Hence Canadian Bishops werf fiercely attacked, abused and denounced for presuming to instruct their people od the rights and duties of Christian education. Tiiey were accused of unHue interference with the pohticaland civil rights of their flocks, and of depriving them of their just liberties. Education, it was contended, was the duty.and function of the State. The children of the country, no matter of what Jeligion, should be educated together in secular or npnireligious knowledge ; and the teaching of religion, banished from the school-houae, should be relegated to the hom^ or the Sunday school. These poisonous errors are substantially the same as those con- demned in the Syllabus siibjoined to the Papal Encyclical " Quanta Cura,:' issued on the 8th of December, 1864. This Syllabus sets down the following propositioda for rejection and condemn;^ti6n : /•. "The wliologovornraoiitof tliopftblic achoola.in which the youth of any Chi-iHtian State aro brought up, can and ought td be ansign?»l to tho citil authority, and so aaaignod that oo right be ackncjwledgod on the part of any other authority whatsoever of i)l^erforin«^ in the discipline of the schools, in the regulation oR tli« studies, in the choice and approbation of the masters." \{^o. 45.) " Catholics may ai)provo that mode ofoduoation of youth which is disjoined from tho Catholic faith and the pgwer of the Church, and which concerns itsolf exclusively, or at least primarily, with the, knowledge of material things and the ends of earthly sociaUife." (No. 48.) , Those dangoroutd. and destructive errors, which banish 0.)d and His Christ from tho school-house, and oust the Church from her diviiie rights over the education of her chiidron, are substaatially the same as those which^h^on- nection with tlie diaeussiou on the Manitoba School q4|w£>nf found expression "on platform and in the press, and fortiied .the pith and substance of the charges of undue interfer- ence, of spiritual intimidation and intolerable tyranny launched as from catapults against the Cartadian Episcopate. Now, over agakist these; grievous errors lies Ihe teaching of the .Church, which may be summarized as follows: , . The Catliolic Oiurch has Jibe right to provide for, to " direct and control the education of its children; and this right la derived from tlie Divine Commission committed talier in the words of Christ : " Go ye thoreforo teach all nations, teaching them to observe all things wliatsoever I^ have commanded you." (Matt, xxviii., 10-20.) No\v this c/mmission inculcates the duty of teaching all the doctnnosVof faith and all th.e prineipies of morality. Whatever regivrds the nature and attributes and moral government of God, as well as whatever concerns the conscience of iflan in ins individaal capacity as well as in hjs numerous social relations, all this is contained in the I)ivme Commissioii. Now these sulyjects necessanly imply a direct or indirect connection with the various depart- ■■1 ■'J : iii i3 % v'- Wi-»4 4j^ < • ments of human knowledge, and therefore tUo exerniHo of the Divine Comrniffsion must erabraco tho dijMjction and qontrol of every system of edcucation designed for the children of the Ohucch, lest in any particular department of human knowledge they should be infected with errors or opiuioUH at variance with their Faith. So/ that the Divine CommiBsion given to the Church implies a/positivo duty to teach all divine truth ; and the corelative duty olr right to prevent the teaching and oppose the propagation of every error opposed to (iod's fevoltttion. This right of inspection and control of Catholic education belongje/ pre-eminently to the Episcopal body, under the guidance of the Holy See, according to the words of the Apostle: "Take he^d to yourselves and the whole flock wherein the Holy Gfeost hath placed you Bishops to rule the Church of God which He hath purchased With His own Mood." (Aot«r XX., 28.) The Church then cannot abdicate her rights or abandon her duties in connection jwrith the ques- tion of education, nor can she approve of any educational system that shuts her out from the school-hous^ and excludes her influence, her protection and guidance. Ishe may, in oertain circumstances, be compelled to tol^ato eiystems not in harmony with her ideals, but this she does to avoid worse evils and under the stress of necessity. This is I in brief the Catholic posiiion on this important question of education. Errors cognate to those on education hive been vety much in vogue of late, and they are to the effect that public men, whether politicians, journalists, professional men, &(5., are not bound in their public or professional character by the law of God and of conscience, and ajre not therefore amenable to any control on moral grounds. So that it would be an invasion of their civil* rights jf, in the exetcise of their sacred office, thet pastors' of souls should pronounce on the lawfulness of ^heir acts in their inoM aspects, or should venture to correct or censure them if necessar^ as in conflict m^h Christian duty or thoyights of religion^that civil and yellgions liberty implies complete exemp t ion jrom all moral / \ •■ ..*' .if ^ - V obligation or control in tho Hphero of their pubUo conduct and action. ' ., /^u u • # These are dangerous errors and strike at the basw ol public ' morality. They are in direct opposition to the teachings of tho Catholic Church. Leo XIII. has declared in his Encyclical ImmorUle D(i : " The true mistress of virtue and guardifin of morals is the Church of Chrwt ; to exclude her intluonce from tho business of life, from legisla- tion, from the teaching of youth, from domestic society, is a great and pernicious error. Real freedom, he affirms, is exercised in the pursuit of what is true and just; absolute 'freedom of thought and action, untrammelled by the laws of morality, is not liberty but licence." ^ In heartily accepting the teachings and obeying the di- rections contained in this noble Encyclical we are not only acting as becometh good and loyal Catholics, but we are trust- ingto a heaven-directed guidance that has never yet failed the children of the Chur^pjid-the greatest doubts and per- plexities. and in the darfiP times. ■^ , : ■ ■ ^ " , , . '^ „ Cardinal Newman has made use of words that have a pertinent and instructive application here : «'I have one resUng-point. just one ; one plea which serves me in the stead of all direct argument whatever. Which hardens me against censure, which^ encourages ^^^ fear, to which I shall ever come round, when I hear the ques- tion of the practicable and expedient brought into discussion After all Peter has spoken. Peter is no recluse, no abstracted student, no dreamer about the past, no doctor upon the dead and gone, no projector of the visionary^ I^^ter for eighteen hundred years, has lived in the world; ^ ^^ ^^^^"^ fortunes ; be has encountered aU adversaries ; he has shaped himself for all emergencies If ever there was-tt power on earth who had an eye for the times, who has confined himself to the practicable, and has been happy in his anticipations; whose words have been deeds, and Whose commands pro- phecies ; such ia ho in the hi s tory of ages who sits on from ■'•■;.■ ■i .51 / genoratlon to qtmorfttbri in tli.t VAimv of tlio VikmHos iih the Vicar of (!liriHt, and the Daotor of KiH Cluuch. • • • What AiigUHtiiH had in thf OhriKttmdom. will hud a generouH a»id nohlo r.miionHo i»i all huartH, and will roHult m •eouring Hul)«taiitial juHtici^ t.) tlu> jiggriovi^d CathoUos of Manitoba. In thiHConn^tlon woamresovenidly ondorHo tho following words of tho paHtoral K'ltur of Archbinhop Ik'gin. read on Sunday laHt in tho Mothor Church of Canadtt ; and wo may add that we are in ontiro accord with that whole pronounoer ment .- . . u i «• We wish it to be clearly understood that in this Bonooi quefltioti. as well aa in all (luqationB whwh concorn religioti and conBcienco, we and all our venerable colleagues, for we know their thoughts and feeling^, are aboye all political parties, and do not wish ^o ally ourselves with any one of them ; what we want is not the succesB of a political party, but the triumph of a holy cause. May we not hope thai all who love their feUow-mt>n, all who love justice and liberty will help lis to win it ? Shall it be said that in this splendid Dominion of Canada the pppr minority of a sister province shall still remain long deprived of rights of which the assured and tranquil enjoyment was guamnteed by every title, and which have been snatched away by force? The minority is weak; is that a reason why its members must be left to suffer' under oppression, or a reason for refusing to rally to their defence ? No, no ; every man engaged in politics haa a serious responsibility in this matter, and we hope he wUl realize it. Let bygones be bygones ; what t« look for is the hour of full and complete atonement for the^rong that has been inflicted; that hour can be brought neq.rer by 4he generous and sympathetic and united efforts of all whose heart beats warmly for a noble cause. Let our public men, therefore, assemble together and, in their wisdi^m and patriot- ism, employ the means likely to put a n end to. the tension vl' ■;\''-. ;■!:■ tmd MiffBring in whioh we are ; they know what means are authorised by the vonstitution. Whether the remedy oomet to ns from the Winnipeg Government, by the reparation of the inJQstice that^thas been committed ; or from the Government of the Dominion, by an eflfeotive and pertinent law, auoh as me had before asked for; or even, if it Were possible, frQm the Imperial Government, our hearts will be gladdened, and the heart of the Sovereign Pontiff, we know, will be comforted;" In this way a solid and endaring peace will be secured to our country, a peace, resting on the eternal principles of justice, right and truth, and which, like the sun, will shine with blessed impartiality on all classes of our fellow-citizens, in this hope and assurance we publish and promulgate the Holy Father's Encyclical letter, and we are confident that its teachings and directions will be received with the filial respect , docile obedience and hearty Ibyalty of our faithful people. . This pastoral letter, together with the Papal Encyclical, shall be read in all the churches of the Archdiocese of Toron- to and the dioceses of Hamilton and London as soon after its reception as it will be convenient for the clergy to do so; May the peaceand blessing of Almighty God descend upon you. and abide with you always. " *JOHN W^ Archbishop of Toronto. 8BTB0MAS JOSEPH DOWLING, Bishop of Hamilton. ' : * DENIS O'CONNOR, * V Bishop of London. • . ■ .•■'-- ' ■ ■ --■ ■ ■'•^ ■ '--' Toronto. Octave of the Epiphany, 1898. m w m ItJL li «U ; 7^ (AutHORiZED Translation) Manitoba School Question Encyclcial Letter from the Pope TO THE ARCHBISHOPS, BISHOPS, AND OTHER ORDINARIES IN THE FEDERATED STATES OF CANADA IV GRACE AND COMMUNION WITH THE HOLY SEE. POPE LEO XHL YbNBBABLB 3BETfiBEN, ^ Health AND Apostolic Benediption. We can scarcely address you, which we most willingly do from our heart, without remembering the mutual goodwill and that continuous interchange bjf good offices which have ever existed between the Apostolic Seer and the Canadian people* The love of the Catholic Church stood by the erg.dle of your State, and since the time when she Teceived you into her maternal arms has never ceased to hold you in a close em- brace, to foster you, and to load you with good things. The great works which th?.t man pf immortal memory. Francis de Laval Montmorency, wrought so successfully and so holily for the good of your country, of which your Ancestors were wit-> nesstis, he accomplished through the support of the authority I 10 J!i II V -taJ <1 10 li aa(i favor of the Jloman Pontiffs. And it was from no other source that the works of the Bishops who succeeded him, and who were men of such signal merits/took their origin and drew their hopes of success. In the same way, too, to go 8tiil| further back, it was under the inspiration and on the initiative*^ of the Apostolic See that noble bands of missionaries journeyed to your' country, carrying along with the light of Christian wisdom a more elevated culture and the first seeds of civiliza- tion. And it was by these seeds, which were giadually ripened by the arduous labor of these men, that the Canadian people won a place on a level with the most civilized and most / glorious nations, and thus became, though late in the field, their rival. All this it is pleasant for us to recall, and the more so because we see the fruits of it, and they are by no means small; still remaining. The greatest of all these fruits assuredly is that amongst the multitude of Catholics there is a love and an ardent zeal for thaf divine religion which your ancestors, in the first place from Prance, then from Ireland, and others from elsewhere, so religiously professed themselves and transmitted inviolate to their children. And if those children faithfully preserve this precious heritage it is easy for us to understand h9W much priase is due to your vigilance and activity. Venerable Brethren, and to the zeal of your clergy ; for all work assiduously with one heart and one soul for the preservation and progress of the Catholic faith, and ' to render this tribute to the truth, without meeting any dis* favor or obstacle on the part of the laws of the British Empire. Accordingly, when, out of appreciation for your common merits, we some years ago conferred the honor of the Eoman purple upon the Archbishop of Quebec, it was our desire not only to acknowledge his personal qualities, but also to render a solemn homage to all Catholics in the country. Education IN Canada. ' As regards the educntim of the young, upon which rest tho, best hopes of religious and civil society, th0 Aposto'ic li 111 ' IJ ■ * . 8ee has never ceased to work zealoualy in concert with you and your predecessors. Thus numerous institutions for the moral and scientific education of your children have been founded under the favor and protection of the Church. Amongst these the great University of Quebec, adorned and strengthened with all » the dignity and rights which. the / Apostolic authority is accustomed to confer, assuredly occupies the place of honor, and stands as sufficient witness that the Apostolic See has liad no greater desire or care than/ the formation of a race of citizens as distinguished by its intellectual culture as it is rendered commendable by4ts virtues. Wherefore, it is with the greatest solicitude, as you i -yourselvescah easily understands^ that we have followed the miBfortunes which have lately marked the history of Catholic education in Manitoba. For it is our wish and it is our duty / to endeavor by every means in our power to bring it about ' that no harm befall the faith and religion of so many thou- ^ sands of souls, the salvation of which has been especially entrusted ta us, in a State which received the first rudiments of Christian teaching as well as of civilization from the Catho-^ lie Church^. And since very many expect a pronouncement from us upon this question, and look to us to point out what course they should pursue, we determined not to come to any ^ conclusion upon the matter until pUr Delegate Apostolic had examined it upon the spot. Charged to make a careful survey of the situation and tb report upon it to us, he has with fidehty and ability fulfilled the task we imposed^upott^him. The Question at Issue. ' The question at issue is assuredly one of the highest and most serious importance. The decisions arrived at s^en years ago on the school question by the Parliament of the province of Manitoba inust be remembered. The Act of Union df the Confederation had secured to Catholics -the right to be educated in the public schools according to their con- gciences; and yet this right the Parliament of Manitoba . abolighed by a contrary law. This is a noxious law. For out ; ■'i>.° I ;ffef| f-t! ■»f l-V .i.. Itf.- ■ 'l -■ ■'— . .- ■ ■■/■-■■•... children cannot go for instruction to sohools which either ignore or of set purpose combat the Catholic religion, or in which its teachings are despised and its fundamental prin- ciples repudiated. Wherever the Church has allowed this to be done, it has only been with pain and through necessity, at the same time surrounding her children with many safeguards which nevertheless, it has been too often recognized, have been insufficient to cope successfully with the danger attend- ing it. Similarly it is .necessary to av9idat all costs, as most dangerOU3, those schools in which all beliefs are welcomed and treated as.e^ual, as if, in what regards God and divine things, it makes no difference whether one believes rightly or wrongly, and takes up with truth or error. You know well, Venerable Brethren, that every school of this kind has been condemned by the Church, because nothing can be more harmful or better calculated to ruin the integrity of the faith and to turn aside the tender niinds of the young from the way of truth. ^ Thr Need OF Religious Education. There is another point upon which those will agree with us who differ from us in everything else ; it is not by means of a purely scientific education and with vague and super- ficial notions of itfOrality that Catholic children will leave school such as the country desires and expects. Other serious and important teaching must be given to them if they are to turn out good- Christians, and upriirht and honest citizens; it is necessary that they should be formed on those principles, which, deeply engraven on their consciences, they ought tO follow and obey, because they naturally spring froin their faith and religion. Without religion there can be no moral education deserving of the name, nor of any good, for the ver^y nature vand force of all duty comes from those special dnties which^'bind man to God, who commands, forbids, and determines what is good and evil, Itnd so, to be ^esi^ous thajt minds should be imbued with good and at the same time to leave them without religion IS as senseless as to invite •C- .*..■■ * ''":'• ' \ ■ ' ' ■ ■ ' ■ ' ."^ ■■18 "■ ■ ■ -■ ■ •.' , > people to virtue after having taken away the foundations on which it rests. For the Catholic there is only one true reh- gion, the Catholic religion ; and, therefore, when it is a ques- tion of the teaching of morality or religion, he can neither accept nor recognize any which is not drawn from Catholic doctrine. Justice and reason then demand that the school shall supply our scholars not only with a scientific sjstem of in- struction but also a body of moral teaching which, as we have said, is in harmony with the principles of their religion, without which, far from being of use, education can bo noth- ing but harmful. From this comes the necessity of havmg Catholic masters and reading books and text books approved by the Bishops, of being free to regulate the school m a manner which shall be in full accord with the profession of the Catholic faith as well as with all the duties which flow from it. Furthermore, it is the inherent right of a lather's position, to see in what institutions his children shall be edu- ' cated, and what masters shall teach them moral precepts. When, therefore. Catholics demand, as it is their duty to demand and work, that the teaching given by schoolmaatera shall be in harmony with the religion of- their children, they are contending justly. * And nothing could be more unjust than to compel them to choose an alternative, or to allow ^ their children to grow up inignorance or to throw them amid an environment which constitute^ a manifest danger for the supreme interests of their souls, these principles of ^judgr ment and action, whi6h are based upon truth and justice, and which form the safeguards of public as well as private inter- ests, it is unlawful to call in question or in any way to abandon. And so, when the new legislation came to strike Catholic education in the Province of Manitoba, it was your duty, Venerable Brethren, publicly to protest against injustice and the blow that had been dealt ; and the way in which you fulfilled this duty has fumisheja a strilfing proof of your indi- vidual vigilance and of your true episcopal zeal. Although ■ill ■«ii ■ ffe II ist ''.'iV 'T: ■f ♦,' ■J i 'li; ric upon thiB poirft each one of you finds Buffioient approbation in the witness of his own oonsoienee, know nevertheless that we also join with it our assent and approval. For the things that you have sought and still seek to preserve and defend are most holy. V The Ni'.bd of United Action. - ' ■ * Moreover the hardships of the law in question themselves plainly proved that there was need of .complete union if any opportune remedy of the evil was to be found So good was the Catholic cotuse that all fair and honest citizens without distinction of party ought to have taken oommon counsel and acted in concert to defend it. Unfortunately, however, and to the great detriment of the cause^ just the contrary was done. And what is still more deplorable, Catholic Canadians, themselves were unable to act in concert in the defence of interests which so closely touch the common good, and the importance and moment of which ought to have silenced the interests of political parties, which are on quite a lower plane of importance. - An Insufficient Remedy. We are not ignorant that something has been done to amend the law. The men wlio are at Jthe head of the Federal Government and of the Government of the Province have already taken certain measures to diminish the grievance of which the Catholics of Manitoba rightly persist in complain- - ing. We have no reason to doubt that these measures' have been inspired by, a love of fair dealing and by a good inten- tion. But we* cannot conceal the truth. ^The law made to remedy the evil is defective, imperfect, insufficient. Catholics demand, and have a right to demand, much* more. Besides, the arrangements made may fail of their effectf owing to the variations in local circumstances; enough has not yet been done ia Manitoba for the Catholic education of our dfaildren/ The claims of justice demand that this question should be considered from every point of vlisw, that those unchangeable and sjaored principles v^hiofa we have enunciated above should / ./i • -«-.■ h-^ - I .:, /■■ / ■ w- .nd :/■■ ^e protected and secured. This is what should be aimed at, and this ,the end which must be pursued with zeal an< prudence. But there must not he diHoord ; there must union of mind and harmony of action. As the object do^a not impose a line of conduct dbtermiuate and exclusive, but on the contrary, admits of several, as is usual in sueh matters, it follows that there may be on the line to be followed a certain number of opinions equally good and aooeptable. Let noitev then, lose sight of the value of moderation, gentleneds, abd brotherly love. Let none forget the respect due to hia neigh- bour, but let all, weighing the circumstd^nces, determine what is best to be done and act together after haying taken counsel with you. J Partial 8 ATisPAOTioii TO BB AiioEPTBD. , '.,:■-■ , .'■' 1 -. . ■ . ,'■ As to what regards particularly the Catholics of Manitoba, we have confidence that God helpirtg, they will one day obtain full satisfaction. This confidence is founded, above all, on the goodness of their cause ; ntti, on the justice and wisdom of those who govern; and, lastly, on the goodwill of all upright Canadians. In the meantime, until they succeed in their claims, let tbeiii not refuse partial satisfaction. This is why, wherever tlio law or admnnisttation or the good dis- positions of the people offer some means oMesseiiiilg the evil and of warding off some of the dangers, it is absolutely ei- pedient and advantageous that theyVshould make use of them and derive all the benefit possible from them. Wherever, on the contrary, there is no other remedy we exhort and conjure them to use a generous liberality.! They can dp nothing- better for themselves or more calculftted to redound to the welfare of their country than to comribute, as faras^heir means will aUow, towards the maitt^enance of thm^ own: ' schools^ ■ ■■ "^'^^ ..„:..■-•••;:■'":■■'■■ ■■■".^- v'-y.' '',■. There is stiil another point which Wis for yojir united attention; IJnder your authority, and wiwi the help of those \?ho direct your schools, a complete course of studies ought to be^ carefully devised. Special care should be taken that /.. If •II r .M m '\m\ 'i*{fi .■■i«v«r' , - those who are employed &% teaohera shoald be abundantly provided witb.all the qualities, natural and acquired, which are requisite for their profession. It is only right that Catholic schoolS; both in their eduoational methods and in the standard of their teaohing, should be able to compete with the best. Frdm the standpoint ^ intelleetuar"bulture and progress, the design conceived by the Canadian provinces for the development of public instruction, for the* raising of the standard of education, and making it daily more and more ;r*'fined and perfect, must assuredly be allowed to be honour- able and noble. And there is no class of study, no progress in human knowledge, which cannot fully harmonize with Catholic doctrine and teaching. : A Word to the Press. Toward the explanation ajad defence of all that we have written those Catholics can very largely contribute whose work is on the public— and especially on the daily — press. Let them then remember their duty. Let them religiously and courageously defend what is true and right, the interests of the Church and of the State, and in such a way that they do not oiitstep the bonds of decorum, avoiding all persoh-- alties, a^d exceeding in nothing. Let them respect and religiously defer to the authority of the Bishops and all other legitimate authority. The more difficult the^times and the more threatening the danger of division, the llf^e they ought tp strive to show the necessity of that unity of thought and action without which there is little or no chance of ever obtaining that which is the object of our common hopes. As a pledge of heavenly gjrace and a token of Oar paternal affection receive the Apostolic Benediction which We lon^ngly impart in the Loi^ to you all. Venerable BrotherB, to yotir clergy, and to the flocka entrusted to your oarel G-iven at St. Peter's, Rome, on the 18th day of December, 1897, io 4be twentieth year of Our pontificate, LEO XIIL, Pope, ').<- .