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W-'T '* »< iw' 1-' ii^ ■■^ V K^x .■•■!^' **-» ^-j*" Js^ ,f 'Jl 5^ ■^^i •sJJ iil. ■tl>; ..TWO DISCOURSE^ DELIVERED O C T O B E R the 2 5*, 1 759^. . Being the Pay appointed by Authority to be obferv^d AS A Day of public Thanksgiving, ' FOR THE Succefs of His Majefty's Arms, More pardcuUriy in ^ Reduaion of QUEBEC, THE Capital of C.an a d a* With AN APPENDIX, Containing a brief Account of two former Expeditions againft that Cit^ and Country, wluch proved uniacpefsfol* BY JONATHAN MAYHEW, ap. In B o s T o N, >%'!■ < i H LONDON: Printed for A. Millar in the Strand* M,DCC,LX, VI y • « ■ — » Y'.\ r. : .>< ''/ '*'^'% vV. H' Discourse I. /¥\ /A As AS /»\ A\ ^^ J^ ^^ ^\ *li\ Tlv ^(\ AS 7^ J*\ 7K ^»V ^^ ^^ As A Of the great Things which God . hath done for us. ^iCK v^v *l* ^^ ^^ T^ ^^ T^ ^B ^r ^P T^ ^^^ ^^ T^ ^^ ^r T^ T^ ^« ^r T^ T^ •■• ^P ^^^ "x™ I A PSALM CXXVr. Verfe 3d. THE LORD hath done great Things for usi whereof ue are glad. O comment is neceffary for the expla- nation of thefe words, which are ver^' plain of themfelves : Neither is there need of any preface, or introduftion, in order to accommodate them to the prefent joyful occafion *, fmce it- is fuppofed, they muft appear, even at firft view, fufficiently adapted to it. We may therefore imme- diately adopt them ourfelves, and apply them to the bufinefs of this day. For the Lord hath, indeed, done great things for us, whereof we are doubtlefs glad ; having abundant reafon to be fo. And, in the lan- guage of the context, well may " our mouth be now filled with laughter, and our tongue with linging." B It e •V II Of the gteat Things . It is propofcd, by divine afliftance, in the firft place, to rcprcfent to you thofe great things wtyich God hath lately done for us, for our land and natibn } •nd which are the occafion of our being aflembled together in his houfe of praife at this time. » ... In the next place will be fhown, the propriety of being glad and rejoicing on fuch occafions, and what great reafon we have for it at prefent ; more efpecially on account of that important event, which is the more particular and immediate occafion of this fo- kmnity. X A i Some needful regulations of our joy on this occa- fion, will then be fubjoined -, that it may be taught to ^ow in a proper channel, and be agreeable ta our charadter as chriflians, inflead of degenerating into the mirth of fools. '? And the whole will be clofed with fuch refleftions and exhortations, as the occaHon itfelf naturally fug- cells 1 and which may, therefore, be particularly fea- wnable at this time. ; * ,yT•>;rT^^'^:> ? ' To return then, it will be proper, in the firft place, ' ^ I. To reprefent to you thofe great things which God hath lately done for us, for our land and nation ; and which are t;he occafion of oar being now afiembled together in his houfe of praife. And altho* many of you may, perhaps, have a more accurate knowledge, agufter conception, and a deeper fenfe, of thefe favors 9? heaven, than I have mylclr ; yet it will be good for ^ us tp talk of the..., to revolve them in our minds, and Ipeakqf the great goodncfs of our God to us, with rcfbr^ce to them. If I do not inform you of any , thing, a J. :#^ I which GOD hath ^me for us. 3 thing, which you knew not before; yet I may poflibly revive the remembrance of certain mercies, which had flipped the memories of feme \ and contribute to- wards fixing both them, and others, in your miads ; which, it is conceived, will be anfwering a valuable end. For the more thorough, or deeper fenfe, we have of thefc mercies, the more permanent it will be : and the more permanent it is, the more lading will be our gratitude to God for them ; and the more lading our gratitude, the more fuitable returns fhall we make to him ; which will be, in effect, beft to anfwer the true ends of this folemnity. It is propofed, as was intimated before, to enlarge chiefly on that great and happy event, which is the principal, and more immediate occafion, of our pub- lic rejoicing and thankfgivings at this time. My dif- courie in the afternoon, will be in a manner confined to this event ; which will alfo employ more of our time this morning, than any other particular one. iHowever, it is humbly conceived, there will be no impropriety in taking a little larger compafs, and ex- tending our views, on this occafion, even beyond A- merica. Accordingly, if you pleafe, we will introduce this intereding aftair, theredudtion orfurrender of the capital city of Canada, by taking a tranfient view of fome other of our late military fuccefles, which pre- ceededit ^ looking back to the principal of thofe, which have come to our knowledge fince the time of our lad general and public thank^iving ; and connedbing thefe later with former ones, which were uken notice of on that occafion. r ;' As you may remember, we then faw the war in ge- neral going on profperoufly on the fide of Great!*, Britain and her allies. We then faw the enemy drif«ni with great lofs and (laughter, out of his Majelly's wiU* . • B 2 German 4 Of the great Tbwgs German dominions. Wc then alfo faw fome fuccefs- ful defccnts made on the coails of France, from whence we had been threatncd, but juft before, with an inva- fion, as at prefent. We then faw icveral of the ene- my's fortrefles, and one of her valuable fettlements, on the coaft of Africa, reduced •, and fubjeded to the obedience of his Britannic Majefty. Wc then faw his Majefty's illuftrious Pruffian Ally, not only (landing his ground againil his numerous enemies, but vi^ori- ous in divers inftances ; and, in particular, triumphant over the formidable Ruffian army. V/c then faw, here in America, the French fortrefs, ufually called Frontinac, furiendered to his Majefty's arms •, and our troops returning from thence laden with the fpoils of our enemies. We then faw the enemy driven from the river St. John •, and the adjacent country fecured to his Majefty ; the whole Peninfula of Nova Scotia having been before reduced, and well garrifoncd by our troops. We then faw the Britilh colours on the walls of Louift)ourg ; and the illands of Cape-Breton and St. John, in our pofleffion. We then faw the trade of the enemy greatly diftrefled ; and her mari- time power much leflened : We faw the ports of Great Britain and her colonies, filled with the merchant- men of France, and her private ftiips of war i while the ports of the enemy were moftly blocked up. We then faw the armed veflels of France on lake On- tario, burnt i and no inconfiderable part of her royal navy, taken, funk, or otherwife deftroyed. In fine, we then faw the commerce of the enemy, to appear- iance, almoft ruined •, her councils difconcerted, and her coflfers low : the councils of Great Britain firm and fteady ; her trade in a flouriftiing condition -, and her fleets triumphant on every fca, where the Britifli flag made its appearance. , ^ , ^ ,,. . I —' /*■* it I ;. -.SM-- which GOD hath done for us, 'g It was judged not amifsjuil to hint at thefe former fucceflrs, with which heaven had favoured the Britifh arms, before we came to thofe later ones, which fall within the period mentioned above •, and which are * now to be fpoken of. Only it is to be obferved, thac as this difcourfe is not defigned for an hiftory, much le(ft for a journal, of fieges, voyages, and campaigns ^ fo it muft not be expefkd, that I (hould be minutely circumftantial i but only fpeak of the great things which God has done for us, in a funimary, general way ; which, it is conceived, is the only one that is proper for this place and occafion. As things looked with a favourable and promifing afpedt, where he left off above ; fo it muft be acknow- ledged with all gratitude, ^at God has not difappoin- ted the hopes, which thofe fmiles of his providence had raifed in us. The war has gone on with great and remarkable fuccefs, on the part of Great Britain, ever fince, as well as for fome time before, our lafl general thankfgiving i * which is now almoft a year. God - has done many confiderable, and fome great things for us, in this time •, while our lofles and difadvan- tages have, comparatively fpeaking, been few and fmall. - ■ , * '- Since the period lad referred to, we have had au- thentic advices from the Eaft-Indies, of an advantage gained there over the enemy's fleet in an enga^ment, the confequence, of which was the utter lofs of feve^ral of their capital fliips. And altho', about thdH^hie time, the enemy obtained an advantage by land, in thofe parts *, yet there is great reafon to hope, that by means of the fuccours foon after received there, whatever lofs we fuftained is at lead retrieved, if not more than retrieved -, whereas that of the enemy could not be fo. < But * November 23. 1758. ; ■ :v'v: V: IP. Of the great Things But leaving thofe diftant parts, the Htuation of our affairs in which, we have lefs certainty of, let us, come to Europe ; and take a curfory view of it there. ^ v . •-. ^ ■ . * ' ' * At the opening of the prefent feafon for the de- ftrudtive bufinefs of war, the French King thought proper to fend a prodigious army into Germany. This, in conjundlion with other troops in thofe parts, was deftin'd to ravage his Majefty's Hanoverian domini- ons -, and, in fhort, to conquer, and take pofleffion thereof, for his Moft Chriftian Majefty : Who, if he refemble his immediate PredecefTor, of fuch famous memory for difturbing and phmdering his neighbours, can no more be fatisfied, either with conquered, or fto- len provinces and countries, than " he that loveth " filver can be fatisfied with filver, or he that loveth *' abundance, with increafe. Whofe Greatnefs, in its nature and rife, was not very different from that of the^r^i?/ Chaldean Monarch, thus cbaraderized m fa- cred writ : " He is a proud man, neither keepeth at home, who enlargeth his defire as hell, and is as death, and cannot be fatisfied ; but gathereth unto him all nations, and heapeth Unto him all people.-— Wo to him that increafeth that which is not his I How long ?- — Becaufe thou haft fpdiled many na- tions, all the remnant of the people fhall Ippil thee i becaufe of men's blood, and for the violence of the *« land—" * But not to digrefs : This defign of his Moft Chri- ftian Majefty upon Hanover, had almoft fucceeded, and taken effeft : fo that all the friends to the liberties of Europe, who are of courfe enemies to the ambitious views of France, ftood aghaft, as it were ; and trem- bled for the conlequenc^ of a general battle, which was now unavoidable; the ai my on which, under God, .;- [ the * Ilabak. II 5,-8. ' " '* P-rS JfllthJiM '^&i which GOD hath done fir us. 'p ,j i- the fehration of that country depended, being inferior in number, at leaft by one half, to the united forces of that, which flood ready to devour her to the^^ery heart, having before fcarce half gorged itfelf with her exterior, and lefs effential parts. In this critical and memorable jun6ture, it pleafedGod to infpire Prince^ Ferdinand with fuch wifdom and magnanimity, and his comparatively fmall army of Britim and Hanove- rian troops, with fuch invincible bravery and ardor, as not only to maintain their ground, but to gain a compleat viftory. This prodigious army they entire- ly routed, not without great flaughter ; took their ar- tillery, magazines, &c. purfuer? them to the Wefer, and into it •, where thoufands of ihem perifhed in the waters, as the proud Pharaoh and his hoft periflied in the Red Sea. And altho' there were nothing preter- natural in this cafe, as in the other j yet it fcems, up- on the whole, to have been a remarkable interpofition of providence : So that Prince FercJinand, who is aa; much renowned for his piety, as for his great military virtues, might on this occafion have adopted, with great propriety, the fong of Mofes, on that alluded to above,—" I will fing unto the Lo^d, for he hath triumphed glorioufly •, the horfe and his rider hath he thrown into the fea. — Pharaoh's chariots and his hoft —his chofen captains alfb, are drowned in the Red Sea. The depths have covered them; theyfank into the bottom as a ftone. Thy right hand, O Lord, is become glorious in power ; thy right hand, O Lord, hath dalhed in pieces the enemy." There is another facred fong, which all his Majefty's Hanoverian fub- je(!i:s might, with peculiar propriety adopt, on occafion of this memorable deliverance from impending ruin, . — " If it had not been the Lord who was on our fide, now may Hanover fay ; if it had not been the Lord who was on our fide, when men role up againft us j - ;:'^ K B4 then ;%,. <*" % Of the great lUngs ■ ~ , then they had fwallowed us up quick, when their ivrath was* kindled againft us. Then the waters had overwhelmed us-— the proud waters had gone over our foul. Blefied be the Lord, who hath not given us a prey to their teeth. Our foul is efcaped as a bird out of the fnare of the fowlers ; the fnare is broken, and we are efcaped. Our help is in the name of the Lofd, who made heaven and earth." ... / *'^h But to proceed to fome other matters, which more immediately concern Great Britain and her de- pendencies, though not our gracious Sovereign ; whofe hereditary German dominions may naturally and juftly claim a great fhare in his royal care and afFedions : The _ French have been meditating, or at leaft pretending to meditate, a defcent upon the ifland of Britain, with a formidable army *, and again to bring the Pretender on the ftage. Yea, their pre- fumption has talk'd, and vaunted itfelf of a conqueft of rhofe kingdoms j fo that they feem, in their own vain imagination, to have anticipated fo great a tri- umph. And if they have not been inearneft, at leaft their preparations for an invafion, have been fo vaft and expenfive; as might naturally make one believe, they were : For it is hardly to be fuppofed, they would be at fuch a prodigious expence of labour and money, without anydefign to put their threats in execution; Hnd fo, in the event, to make themfelves the jeft of Europe, which they have fometimes done at a much cheaper rate; and might doubtlefs have done fo again. But whatever their real intentions might have been by thefe formidable preparations. Great Britain, on her part, has been attentive to guard againft the word. Proper difpofitions have been made on her own, coafts for the reception of the enemy •, and at the fame time, the ports of France near the Bri- a a th th. whidlf GOD hath done for us. ^f ti(h channel, have bee: \o well watch'd andgiiarcledby our fuperior fleets, thtit the enemy, akho' they had had a fuHicient force, and all things in readinefs to make a defcent, have not yet had it in their power to leavo their own coafts, without almoft the certain lofs of their whole army and armament,' with a great part of their navy. Yea, divine providence has fo favour'd us, that one of the Britifh admirals has had it in his power to enter one, of the enemy's ports, where thefc grand preparations were making •, and to d^ftroy a part thereof, with Tome of their (lores and magazines, fome of their fhipping, and even a confiderable part of the city iifelf, near which they were, -f* Another of our admirals, or at lead part of his fquadron, not long after, approached fo near their principal port, * where their chief maritime (Irength was coUedted, as to bring off fome of the fhips carry- ing fupplies to them, even from under the fruitlefs fire of their caflles and batteries. But we have very lately had authentic advices of ftill greater importance, relpeding th«goodfuccefsof a third Britifh admiral, the fame who commanded the fleet the laft Year at the fiege of Louifbburg, ftill frelh in all our memories. For when one of the enemy's fquadrons was about joining their principal fleet, and in a fair way of cflFefting it, which might have proved of bad confequence to us, this brave and fuccefsful admiral, you know, opportunely difcovered, at- tacked, and beat it -, taking and deflroying five or fix capital fhips } the remainder, or at leaft the moft of them, being obliged to betake themfelves to a neutral port-, and there reduced, in their extremi- ty, to implore convoy of a neutral power, to fee them fafe back again into their own, (| from whence their t'v t Havre de Grace. * Breft. | Toulon; -^<£^- :fSrw^ -V ■ 'ft'MS^'^"^" ¥> Of the great fhingi Mr Ml gtoiut had cempteid them to depart. But In t^n I wing ftill blocked up 1:^ a fuperior force ; fo tii>at weneed not whoHy defpair of having further ac- iMmnts of them, which may be agreeable to us. r MUST* not omit, now I am hinting at fome very intereding occurrences in Europe, relarive to the war, to mehtion the laft advices, which we hope may be idepcrtdcd on, refpeding the vi<5tory of his Majefty's great Pruflian ally over the Ruffian army, then with- in a few leagues of his own capital, which Teemed in Imminent danger of falling into the hands of thofe Barbarians. If this advice be not premature, as we all hope it is not, this is a very important event, not 0rfy to his Pruffian Majefty, who has now flood as it were on the brink of a mighty precipice, for feveral years together ; but alfo to our King, and to Great- Brkain, whofe incerefts are at prefent fo clofely con- lie^ted with thofe of that truly great and iliudrlous Monarch. May angels ftUl guard him ! or rather He< f?ho " maketh his angels fpirits, and his minifters a fikme of fire:** who giveth fatvation unto kings ; and has hitherto dcHvered Frederic his fcrvant from the Iwirtful iword ! . -, ^,:. ..^ , r,, , 'I, , - ^ ...;-„.- .:.... „.,.. . .,. : u r B«T if you pleafc, we will now come from Europe toAnnerica; which is coming ftill nearer to ourfelves. IBtiC before I fay any thing ot the military operations pn jthe continent, we will caft an eye towards the Ame;*ic*n iflands. For it is there we. are to look for, «id there that we may find, one of the great things -iwhich God has lately done for us. The redu6lion of Guadaloupe, with fome of the adjacent iflands, is truly fuch i and, ill fome fenfe the greater, becaufe effefted l>y fb fipall a force, and under fuch ieemingly difad- vantageous circumftances. This is almoft, and per- l^aps may prove quite, an irretrievable and irreparable , lofs. labicb GOD bath done fir us* || lofs, to that haughty, andall-^rafping pcTwcr which ha^ incurred it \ a Tofs which (he will much loncer fedi and mourn, than we did that of the idand of Minor- ca, at the beginning of the prefent war, during a lels watchful miniilry than the prefent. And to GraM> Britain, this acquifition alone, if maintained, willpro^ bably much more than make good all the damage (he fuftained in the former refpedl ; which, if I miftak^ not, time and experience make flillleis and Icis con-f fidcrable. But while our thoughts are in that part of the world, where fo valuable and noble an acquidtion has been made, by the bleiTing of God on the Britiih drms ; while our thoughts are engaged in that part of the world, 1 fay, and on fo worthy and joyful an oc- caHon \ what is it that ilill gives a kind of damp to my fpirits ; or rather, raifes my indignation ? While a Britifh fleet rides fafely and quietly in port, do I fee an inferior French one failing, in a kind of triumph^ from port to port, from ifland to ifland, from one month to another ? Do I fee our m(;rchantmen, by fcores, or hundreds, taken within hearing of the Britiih cannon, if they were but difcharged ? Do I fee thena carried into port, in vaft numbers, even by the ene- my's privateers, from within a few leagues of our fleet, which looks patiently on ? Do I hear our enemies faying, with fcorn and infult, " Where is the boaOed " courage of thefe Britons, who vainiy pretend to be " lords of the ocean ?" And do I hear even fome of our friends whifpering^ " that all Britifli comman- " ders have not the ^irit which becomes their charac- *' ter?*'— But perhaps all this is but a reverie; If fo, I will trouble you no longer with my dreams :. But even dreams are not always falfe \ and if there ihould happen to be any thing of reality in this« fuch things wi I • * *^E« t^ i2 Of the great Thingi will'doubtlefs be taken proper notice of by thofe, who "want neither the authority, nor thepublic Ipirit to do it. * And having thus taken a (hort trip, if I may fb ex- prefs it, to the American iflands ; and feen there, an important acquifition lately made by his Majefty's troops, under the favour of divine providence ; let us how crofs over to the continent, in the affairs of which we ourfelves are moft immediately concerned. And being arrived here, we will not now needlefly ramble about, backwards and forwards. But fetting out from the foiithcrmoft fcene of a6lion, (I mean, where any thing of great importance has lately been done) which is indeed neareft the parts from whence we laft Came, and proceeding thence to the northward, tho* the dif- tance is great, thro* a wildernefs, and tho' there are Icvcral noble profpedls in the way to detain and de- light us, even in a wildernefs ; yet it will not be lohg before we arrive at the capital city of Canada. There our chief bufinefs lies : There it will, therefore, be at leaft proper, if not neceflary, to make a longer ftay. Ana tho' it be a cold climate, I flatter myfelf, ve (hall find fomething to warm and enliven us *, or kt leaft to keep our blood from chilling. « To begin at the fouthward then : It was not long after our laft general thankfgiving, when we had the ^ little expefted, and therefore the more joyful tydines, ' that the Britifh troops, even without the trouble of a liege, were in poflfefllon of the French fortrefs on the forks of the Ohio, ufually called fortdu Quefne -, but now Pittjburgh^ in honor to that great patriot^ that tvife^ honeft, and magnanimous Britijh minijier, dur- ing wbofe minifity, not onfy thisy but all our other •fuecejfes^ worth mentioning^ fmce the prefent war commenced^ have been obtained. This fortrefs, it '' feems. • long id the dings, eofa )n the i hut that dur- otber war !, it which GOD hath done for us. ij feems, was evacuated by the enemy on the near ap« proach of our army. The acquifition whereof is of great importance to our fouthern colonies ; not only with reference to the favages in thofe parts, who are fmce, from enemies become friends : but alfo in ref- ped of that moft valuable and very extenfive country about it ; which, in due time, may probably be peo- pled with Briti/h fubjeds. And there are one or two circumftances befides, which may juit be mentioned with relation hereto i and which may, perhaps, heighten the joy of fomc on account of this acquifition. One is, that the pre- fent war with France, had its rife more immediately from fome differences refpedting this country on the Ohio ; here hoflilities began ; here it was, that the French had the aflurance to feize, captivate, and mur- der, our traders and others, in a time of peace ; as al- fo to fortify oa this river. But we have now the fatisfadion to refiedt, that the law of arms at leaft, has i decided in our favour one confiderable point contro- iverted between the two crowns ; and which was in- [deed a principal ground of the prefent war, tho* by [no means the only one. Another circumftance alluded to above, is, that we had received feveral repulfes and defeats from the ^enemy, in endeavouring to regain the pofleflion of |the country we are fpeaking of; ivom whence the enemy had, in a time of peace, driven the fubjedbs of ^Great-Britain. The expence of one of the former Expeditions againft Du Quefne had been very great, hrough almoil impradticable woods and mountains : nd at lad, when the Britifh army had in a manner urmounted thefe difficulties, and thought themielves Imoll fure of fuccefs, it was in a fore furprifed, and •:#■ tf Of the great Things *p^ to the rout, by a lurking enem^^ which it hardly nw; as eren the noble and generous Lion, in pafTing thro' a thicket, may be dune and poifonM to death by a vile mfidtous ferpent undifcovercd, which one of his paws, or only the flapping of his tail, might have deftroyedin an inilant. Thus it was, that a brave Efi^ifli general f here received his mortal wound from a foe, contemptible every where but in his own na^ve woods and Ayamps ; a general, whofe valor, seal, and indefatigable induftry in the fervice of his king and country, cannot be too much commended \ and whofe untimely fall can hardly be too much la- mented. I MV8T confefs, tho* to fome it may perhaps Teem t weaknefs, that thefe circumilances preceeding this dcquilition, give an heightening to my own joy on account of it ; tho' it be in itfelf fo important in many refpefts, that it could not, even without thefe, fail to rejoice v/cxy well-wiiher to his Majefty's American colonies. But having flopped long enough here, confidering the time allowed us for our journey ; let us now haften to the northward, as was propofed. A very material acquidtion has been made this preient cam- paign, of the fbrtnHs of Niagara. This was in itfelf a itrong fort, and defended by a numerous garnfon : Which is not to be wondered at, confidering the im- portance of it to the enemy. For being fituatcd be- twcenthe two Lakes, Erie and Ontario, ic commanded the communication between Canada and Louifiana, theMifTifipi, &c. And befides it was fo fituated as to draw the commerce, and with it the afFeftionS, of pumerous tribes of favages about thofe lakes; as alfo * • t General Braddock. . ' '1l^'t"' which GOD bath done for us. M^ •Ifo to awe the fix nations, our old friends and allitt f and even to dagger their triendfhip ; which, asiHighc naturally be fuppofed, ufually follows their ime* reft, wherever it leads. This important fortrefs ii now in our hands ; the very confiderable army that had been deftiji'd to its relief, and to raife the iiege, being repulfcd with great flaughter, and the garnton made prifoners of war. By which acquifition, the wavering nations of the Mohawks, as they arc com- monly called, are fecured in their fidelity and fHend-* fhip i many other tribes of the favages have become our ufeful allies, inftead of pecfidious enemiosi tht French forts and fettlements at Prefque Ifle and Ve- nango are abandoned *, and, in ihort, the whole ex- tent of country between Lake Ontario and Fittibtti:gli« is left without a perfon who dares to own hinoielf our enemy, unlefs we look far to the weftward* Ic may be added, that by this acquifition, if maintained, even tho' Canada had remained intire in the po^liioQ of the enemy, would have been eifedtually cut ofi^^ all intercourfe of any confequence between Canada, De- troit, and all the French forts and fettlements to the fouthward of Lake Erie. So that the enemy on that fide, could have maintained their ground only onthe Miflifipi, and fome of its remote branches ; where, by reafon of the diftance from us, and the difficulty ■» Vfbicb GOD hah done for us. *T m i I fay we there fee the main body of the enemy, now retiring precipitately before tKe conqueror of Loui(bourg ; even without daring to wait the near approach of his army. Doubtlefs the name of Am« herd, tho' with a left numerous army than that whick the enemy had fo lately defeated at the fame places tauffhc thenn a fudden fear, and feafonably fuggefted to tnem, that their only fafiety was in fUffht. This almoft impregnable fbrtrefs is now in our hands, and all the country round Lake George ; to that between that and us, no enemy prefumes to fet his foot. The value of this acquifidon, fb important in itfelf, is in (bme meafure inhanced by refle^ing on the expen- five, tho' fruitlefs attempts^ heretofore nude to ob- tain it i by refle£Hng on the lofs of fb many brave men at that place % and above all, by refledins oa the untimely tall of one of our general officers tnere» the laft year. The memory of Lord Howe will long be refpefled and honoured by every Bricifli fub- je6b, who has any eftoem for valor, military fkill, publick fpirit, adivity, and unwearied application. His untimely fall, as it were in the firft bloom of manly age, would even now demand a tear, were not this a day of rejoicing. 4 But let us follow our wife and excellent general at the weftward, from Lake George to Lake Cham- plain. We there alfo fee the enemy flying before him } and leaving him to take a quiet, and uninter- rupted pofTeffion of fort Frederic, ufually called Crown Point, A fortrefs which, tho* not very fhong in itfelf, has long been a grievous eye-fore to thefe nor- thern Britifh colonies, and to our allies of the fix nations, and that very juftly ; fince, by its fituation, it enabled the enemy at any time fuddenly to annoy our itontkx fettlemenu, and afforded them a place of *% .^ C qvjick \ ./«*' iM, Of the great Things Quick and fafe retreat ^ and where they could always, fupply their good brethren, our favage enemies, with provifions, doathing, and warlike Kores. This for- • trefs we now fee in our hands •, or rather, a far better arid (tronscr one, lately built there under the diredlion of general Amherfl. In (hort, we fee the whole coun- try thereabouts in our poHeinon, and fecured to us ; a cornmunication opened between this lake and our weftern frontiers % and feulers invited to come, and take up their habitation where, till very lately, it was not fare for us to fet our feet. This we owe to general Amherft, iiiider providence : Who, according to our latcil advices, was proceeded ftill farther northward ^ where we cannot at prefent follow him -, but may fafely rely on his prudence and magnanimity, under that di- vine diredion which has thus far attended him i and liumbly hope, he will take no ftep but what wifdom fhall dictate, and providence fucceed. • ^ 3oME may poITibiy think it Grange, that the laft mentioned general has made no quicker advances aftcf a flying enemy •, but given them time to fortify thivifdom and good policy ? I am very far from prefuming to be a judge of thefe matters; and much tarth. i ^' urn pretending to penetrate the parti- cular viev/s r.i\(i '^uigns of fo fecret and confummate a commaiulef. But wig'it not this delay, fuppoiing which GOD hff*h done fir us. tj it not unavoidable, pofTibly have been chofen on thtf following account,— •That h. } ^he genenl prefTed thd enemy in their retreat befor*^ him, h' would, in a fort, have compelled them to go to the capital city, to add great numbers and ftrength to the threat army alre morable thing, which God has fo lately done for us, in delivering the capital city of Canada into our hands ; with fome of the moft material circumftances rela- tive thereto. "^i ■^. .It \% . God has remarkably fmil*d upon this great enter- prize from the very firft, till we fee it brought to this happy conclufion : From the very firft, I fay ; unlefs we ihould make an exception as to the enemy's get- ting up the river with a confiderable fleet of provifion and ftore-fhips, under convoy, while a fquadron of Bri- tilh men of war, deftin'd to prevent any fuch relief and (liccours getting in, lay in port-, fome fay, from necef- iity. But however that might be, it is not improbable, that if this fleet had adlually been intercepted, the re- dui^ion of Quebec might have been cffefted much cafier and fooner than it was ; and the whole country, before thistipie, brought to a fubmiflion. But not to dwell upon any circumftance which was lefs in our favour than we could have wifhed -, let us proceed ta fome others, which were more fo than we could have reafonably expeded. : 1^ ; ■ '• • • ': The navigation of St. Lawrence's river has alwa3rs, ever fince Sir Hovenden Walker's fruitlefs attempt, wherein feveraJ ihips were loft, been reprefented to us by friends and enemies, as being extreamly difficult and hazardous. However, thro' the favour of Him, whom winds and feas obey, our very great fleet of men of war, of provifion, tranfport and ftore-ftiips, arrived fafe at Orleans, a little below Quebec, meet- ing with little or no difafter in the whole voyage. This : . J ' is which GOD hath done for us, it is very remarkable ; a thing almoft unexampled in (b long a voyage, and with fo large a fleet, even where the navigation is, on all hands, allowed to be far lela difficult and dangerous, than that of this river. It was another favourable circumftance, that in the very heart of the enemy's country, our little army fhould land, with all their proviiions, artillery and (lores, and take pofleflion of the ground, almoft with* out the lofs of a man; efpeciallycon(ideringthelurking» infldious, and guileful genius of the enemies thev had to deal with, and who were per^dly acquainted with all the country, fo that it might have been expefted th^ wouM have made Tome confiderable advantages hereof. A THIRD circumftance not unworthy of notice here, is, that after our fleet then at anchor, had been put into fome diforder by a ilorm, and, if my memory does not fail me, before the ftorm was quite over, thie enemy attentive to everv incident in their favour, chofe this opportunity to fend down with a rapid tide» and full gale, a number of large fiiefhips, and rafb on fire s hoping, not without fome probaoility, by this noeans to deftroy a confiderable part of the Britifh fleet. But under the favour of Providence, by the wife precau- tion of the Britifh admiral, and theaddrefs, the fingu- lar alertnefs and dexterity of the Britifli feamen, this threatning mifchief was intirely warded off; and foon became only the fubjeft of their merriment. It is further to be thankfji^y acknowledged, that our great fleet, and little army, have all along been favour'd with remarkable health ; but a very fmall proportion of them having died by ficknefs, or even been flck at all. Whereas had ficknefs prevailed a- mong our troops, even in a degree not uncommon in C 3 campsy M Of the f^rtai Tkh^s camps, it: wpuM kaye reduced that fmdl army to iiich .an handful of men, a^ muft in aU probability hxsf^ J fM^cg^oned the breaking up of the fieg^ ft Akd here I cannot but mention another thing, .which, tho' it may fom at firft yi^w flMitc remote from thejpolnt in ha'^di has yet ^ dqfe connection , with it. There Was probably never kiioiyp among \ us (p ir^-uitful a lleaibn ^s th^t laft paft. Gfod has caufed the earth to yield hscr increafe in vei;y great abun- ' ^^nce ; whereby our fleet and arniy have had a coa- , ftant fiipf ly of ireflii provifions, vegetables, 6?c, To ! yfhicli it IS in part qoiibtlefe owing, thro* the blefling of God, that our. fleet and army have enjoyed fo much health. But to prpc^ to £)me other things. Our par- ties that were fent out frpm time to tinne to harrafs . theenemy^ a^d l^y wafte the country, a6:er the terms ofi^^ed by theg^n^i^ wer^reje^ed, bad fo much i^c- cds theiein ; apd! tfi^ ^^y itfeif had been ib far ruined . by a i9f)& cpni^j: and fevere bombardment, that Ecitlierof^tJiiemcij^ld, iximany^^^^^ b^veretriev^ tWe damages and iofles, even tlio' thefiege had befn i/r ^ i^iT ___ j^g ^ual redufftipn of th^ city. .^ '-1 X HAVE more than once called thiff a fiegq^ thp' by i^e way, wliat was done hardly amouniCed to fo * much as is uf^alJv underflJood by a blockade. But call it what you pleafe, it is a wonder that it was not . broken up, withoui; efledUjrig the main point: The enemy having encamped, and ftrongly entrench^ ^ themielves, in thrice the number of our fmall army j \ and in fo advantageous a place, that it would pcoba- bly have required even thrice their own great num* bers to force tl^eir lines. And after one unfucccfsful \mm::^ >. ■ ." -^^ ''-^'V\ attenipt 41 nvbicb'^GOb had> ddne for us. |% fttttmt)t to this end ; when fo much of the feafon^ss gone ; the feeming impradicability of apbroachfng the enemy wherfe they were, and the improbaoility that they would ever give up this advantage, or be brought to hazard a general battle on equal ground, not- withftanding their fuperior numbers; after all this, I fay, *tis probable there are but few generals, who would not have utterly de^aii'd df fucceeding, given up the point, and left the enemy to retrieve, as well as they could, the great danfiages they had already fuftained. But it feems the Britifh general was one of thofe rare military geniufes, which> like the Phoenix, appear but okce an age, except perhaps in Great-Britain. He was one of thole, whofe courage nothing could abate ; whofe ardor, regulated by prudence, nothing could damp •, whofe re^lution no difficulties, however great, could fhake or alter, fo long as a poffibility remained of carrying his delign into execution \ and in fine, one of thofe, whofe wifdom and addrefs at a critical jundture, were not inferior to his other great military accomplifhments. Thefe great qualities, with which heaven had endow'd him, and to which heaven feldom fails of giving fuccefs, were now all called forth, and difplayed at once, in drawing the numerous enemy from their inacceffible entrenchments, to a general battle, which he had long dcfnred. Behold him there, with his little body of Biitilh troops, himfelf the head to dired, and the foul to ani- mate the whole, if fuch troops needed animation ; the force of Canada moving towards him with flow and folemn fteps, under a tr/d, - experienced anda|)- prov'd commander! — Unhappy A&»/f1 But ■r which GOD hath done for us. 05 But remonftrances prevail nothing. Behold 1 now the charge besin^s! Boiold, now the enemy fall, thef fly 1 Behold the horrid rout, the purfuit, the field covered with the flain ! Behold, now the enemy re- gain their untimely-forfaken trenches ! See, now they are ftormed, and turned into canals running with a purple tide, till choaked with the dead and dying, fal- len promifcuoufly on one another ! Behold, there ^Is their valiant Leader! Behold now, the gates or. ports of the c^tal open to receive the van(jui{hed and fly- ing i biit hailily (hut again, left the vidorious ihould enter with them, or before them !— In fine ! beiiold this place, renowned for its flrmgtb, the power and pride of the enemy, againft which (b many fruitlds attempts had been made, now furrender'd to his Bri- tannic Majefliy, whofe colours, yonder, wave over the devoted city ! Tlju^ my brethren, is the Lord's doing 1 a great thing^^ich he has performed for us, for our oountry and nation, whereof we are glad ; and it mayjuftly be wonderful in our eyes ! That fo fmalla force mould obtain fo great, compleat, and important a cot^queft^ as it were in a moment, with fb little lois of numbers on its own fide, and fo great a one on that of the enemy f Sinpe the fiirrender of Quebec, we may, without much prqfumption, look on Canada as a conquered country. For, as was obferved above, according to the ordinary courfe of things, if we keep pofTeinon of this capital, to prevent wnich we know of nothing at prefent^ the inhabit? Its mufl: foon be obliged to fubmit to terms, or elfe do what will be far worfe for them- felves, tho* not for us perhaps, the matter being con- fidered only in a political light. Scarce any thing ftiort of a miracle, can prevent the alternative from taking place. But we (hall have occafion to fay fome- thing jKJ * ^ \ Cf the gnat nihgt "thing more particulariy upon this poifit in the after- noon, when we come to confider the importance of ' 'this acquifition ; and how much reaion we have to be glad and rejoice, oh account of the great things which God has done for us, efpecially in the (ignal vidlory we >have been fpeakihg of, and the ilirrender of Quebec Inconfequcnceof it. '? ' It may be added here, that as things have turned out, through the good providence of God, almoft ' the only unfavourable circumftance, worthy of a par- Jticular mention iiere, relative to this great and prof- >j)crous entcrprize, and which was taken notice f'of above, is produftivc of another, different one, '"'lAich in a great meafure, if not entirely, counter- '^lyalanees it. For that fleet, with her convoy, which arrived at Quebec fo opportunely for the enemy, is indifputably and wholly lofl: to France ; and, not im- ^%iriibaWy, before this time in our own pofifeflion. I^Vhith is a thing of no trivial conflderation in itieff, if^ldtcf it may feem fuch in comparifon of the reduc- ^tidn of this capital. Mf^-^ r?j9 ^^ffLntn dius I have, as fully and particularly as was I tfinvtnient, or at Icaft, as the time would allow, re- ^triirtdcd you of the great things, which the Lord hath • 'JiteJy done for us. The other parts of my defign, as \ exprclfed in the be^nnii^ of this difcourfe, will, by « ^vine pcrmiflion and amftance, be profecuted in the "t sfternoon. I ■ ■ '^ ^- -'--'-■■. . -, . -M jjj the mean time, let us be glad in the Lord, and re- ■ joice greatly in the God of ourTahation, Tho* he feem- i^-td*, more than once, to have " caftus off, and did not ^- go out with our armies,*' when the rcdudion of tliis Emecapital and country was meditated and attempted ; he tbm.4 iV «c which GOD hath done for us, ^ he has now returned to us in mercy. He has at length led us fuccefsfully into this American Edom, and *' brought us into the ftrong city.** He has at length, in a great nneafure, '' given us help from trouble, when the help of man was vain : Thro* him we haye now done valiantly ; for he it is that hath tread down our enemies." + Some of you may polTibly remember, it was on this pafiage oi fcripture that I difcourfed the laft day of general prayer and faftine amongft us, || which was to implore the gui- dance of heaven in, and a bleffing upon, our mi- litary defigns and undertakings this prefent year, par- ticularly againft our Canadian enemies. And I now moil heartily congratulate you, my brethren, and bleis the great, the everkfting God, who *' doeth his will in the armies of heaven, and amongft the inhabitants of the earth," before whom " all nations are as the fmall dud of the ballance," that he has not rejedled the common, united prayer of his people, nor fruftrated^e ftrong hopes which were exprelled at that time, that we fhould *• fee ourdefire on our enemies;** on thefe our ancient, cruel and perfidious enemies, who have (blong dealt mod treacheroufly and unrighteoufly with us, and who meditated (till greater miichief againft us ; even our utter extirpation and ruin ! By whioi conduft in times paft, they muft doubtlefs have highly pro- voked righteous heaven againft them. '' Many a time ** have they afflidted us from our youth : Many a time have they afflided us from our youth s yet they have not prevailed againft us. For the Lord is righteous.*' — *' The Lord is in his holy temple; the Lord's throne is in heaven : his eyes behold, his eyelids try the children of men.** He who from heaven his dwelling-place has feen our affliflions, and many fufierings, has from thence ahb heard our prayers, i Pfalm LX. 9, — 12. | June 1759. «c «( tc (C aS Of the great Tiings, &c. prayers, and (ent deliverance to his iervancs that hoped in his merqr. Our cries, and the cry of fo much blood, unrighteoufly and inhumanly flied \ the blood of helpld's women, tender children, and infants at the breaft : — Thefe cries have doubtlefs been loud enough to be heard fiom ths depths of earth to the higheft heaven, where they have entered into the ears of the Lord of Sabbaoth *, and have, through ^' the blood of the covenant," had their cffcft : for •• the Lord -tricth the righteous : BUT THE WICKED, AND HIM THAT LOVETH VIOLENCE HIS SOUL -HATETH!" , A., The End of the firft Difcourfe. in ■^^ ■. . $fj>' I ^HE apoftrophe beginaing page 27, where Gen Mont- -■V'JL ^*^^ *' brought upon the ftage, wai formed upon the conccp^on which the author then had, of the fituation of the two armies and what happened on that memorable day : But whethei^ t^lAHlt conception were ftriAty juft or not, he cannot fay, report* hjivmg been fo various. If any apology it needed on account of , what relates to General Montcalm at ttie cloie of this apoifaro- ^ phe» he obferves, That tho* the dead are not to be inhumanly nfnited; yet as it is hardly fnppofeable that the perfidious and t ^horrid mafiacre of our troops at Fort William Henry, could have ' iapp^aed without the contrivance of the French General, or that he could not have prevented it, (which is not the firft inftance ^ of their cruel perfidy) it was thought fuch an hint as that tragi- ^ cal affair, was no ways improper: At leaft, that it could not ^ fae^ftly looked upon as proceeding from inhumanity, as it is Suarded : Efpecially fmce that unhappy General is there confi- ered, not as being dead but ftill living, and on the point of * joining battle with the Britifli troops. ' t. .» .(' ij ■■/ «4iM ,n .A 1 Kt:;:; I Discourse Discourse' II. What great Caufe we have for Gladnefs and Rejoicing. PSALM CXXVI. Verfesd. It HE LORD bath done great Things for us^ whereof we are glad, IN the morning you were reminded of the great things which God hath lately done for us, for our land and nation ; particularly in the reduc- tion or furrender of the Capital of Canada ( which is the principal occafion of this day's folemnity. How- ever, it was thought not improper to come to a confi- deratipn of this, by an induAion of ibme other of our late military fuccefles which preceeded it. According- ly we extended our views, on this great and joyful oc- cafion, to the principal fuccefles with which God has favoured us on this continent, fmce the time of our lafl public and general thankfgiving ; to thofe at the lakes George and Chaplain ; at Niagara and Du Quefne, now Pittfburgh. We alfo caft an eye towards the Weil-India iilands} the coads of Ponugul and France ; towards Hanover and the Pruflian dominions^ nor did even theEaft-Indies altogether efcape our notice. In all thefe parts, it has pleafed God to give fome » fuccefs 3* What great Caufe we have luccdi to the arms of our Ktn^, or thofe of his allies ; and in feveral of them, very great and remarkable fuccefs. But that, in the redii^ion of Quebec, confi- dered in itielf, in its probable confequences, and its vaft imponance toourfelves, is fo great that it may, with refpedt tous, naturally be fuppoied to diminilh from the greatnefs, and eclipie the luftre of the reft. And be- iides, as this was the chief and more particular occa- fion of our aflembling together this day in the houfe of praife, it was, on that account, proper to dwelf longer upon it, than upon any of the others. Some repiarks were of courfe dropped in the pre- ceeding difcourle, on the importance of thefe fevera! fucceiies, and the grounds we have for gladnefs and rejoicing on account of them. But thefe were only cranlient hints : and as a fuller reprefentation of the importance of thefe fuccefles may be ufeful to us, and a means of increafing our gratitude to alm.^hty God, who has done fuch great things for us *, I now pro- ceed, as was propofcd, IT. More particularly to (how the propriety of our ' being glad and rejoicing at this time, and what great reafon we have for it j particularly in rcfpeft of that Jmportaht event, which is the more immediate occafion of this fofcmnity. And indeed my difcourfe this after- noon, will be in a manner confined hereto, and to fuch reflections as naturally arifc from it ; for I (hall hardly, if at all, mention any of our othfer late military fuc- cefles, however confiderable in themfclves. This, it is conceived, is an event, not only great in itfelf, but big with many happy confequences i in fhort, an event of the mod interefting nature to us, to Great Britain, and all her dependencies 5 as will prefently be at- tempted to be fhown. The V* fir Gladtiefs and Rejoicing. jf. The reafonablenefs and propriety in general, o£ rejoicing on fuch-like occafions as the present ; for vic« tories over, or fuccefs againft our enemies, when God is pleafcd to grant it, are fo obvious in themfelves* fo plainlv fuppofed in the holy fcriptures, and it ntay be added, this is h frequently enjoined therein as a. duty I yea, this is what we are fo naturally difpofed to do, that there will not be the leaft need or labouring this point. However, it may juft be obferved here, that it was on occafion of the Ifraelites being delivered out of the Hands of their oppreflbrs and enemies, that the Plalm of which the text is a part, was compofed. For it begins thus : " When the Lord turned again the captivity of Zion, we were like them that dreamed: fbeu was our mouth filled with laughter ^ and our tongUM -with Jiniing,** This, and fome of the happy circum- ilances attending, or happy confequences flpwing from it, were plainly the *' great things" to which the text refers ; and on account of which, the church of God that was of old is introduced, exprefling her gratitude and joy, faying, '' The Lord hath done great things for us, whereof we are glad ** Nor, indeed, can we ever have any caufe for gratitude, on thefe, or other occafions, any further than we have caufe for joy and gladnefs. For gratitude or thankfgiving is due to al« mighty God, only for the favours and mercies which he vouchfafes to bellow upon us ; all which are, in their ov n nature, a proper Ground of eladnefs and rejoicing to us. And our gratitude ought always to arife in proportion to the greatnefs of thefe mercies and favours ; or to the real occafion which we hav^ to rejoice and be glad. To reprefent to you, what great caufe we have to rejoice on the prefent occafion, is therefore in other WArds, or in effedl, only to reprefent to you what great reaibn 3« What great Caufe.iot haw reafon we have to be thankful to almiglity Gm!, which is what I have in view. It is further to be obferved here, that as the favours we are confidering, tre |>riinarily and chiefly of a national, fecular and political nature, relating more immediately to our common temporal proiperity, tho' remotely to our religious liberties, and fpiritual good i fo it wHl be proper, and even necelTarv, if I fpeak particularly of them tt all, to confider them, at lead primarily, in a national, fecular and political light : For, how things of this nature can polfibly be comidered with propriety in any other, I muft confefs myielf not able to fee. And this mud be my apol(^, it is hoped a fufficient one, if on the prefent occanon I fbould verge a little nearer to what is commonly called politics, than is or- dinarily convenient or fuicable for the pulpit. Tho* in reality, I ihall not difcourfe on politics, unlefs all kind th muft be underftood, as they are intended, with all due fubmilHon to the over- ruling providence of God» jand with proper allowances fbrextraordinaryoccurrents. There is doubtlefs a certain eftabliihed order of things, or fucceffion of events, which tho* it may be, and fome- tlmes is,' broken in upon* is yet a good foundation for \ ■ .:>.«,>.. -,i: '■'T^.W't,'' f* H^hat great Caufe nve have us to proceed upon in our reafoning as to things of this nature. And otherwife, indeed, all reafoning about them would be mere childilh impertinence. But ftiU tfhere is no abfolute certainty in any of bur concliifions fefpedling them, fincc they have fome contingencies for their bafes •, contingencies with refpcft to us, but which are yet both foreknown and ordered by the fupreme Go- vernor of the univcrfe, to whom therefore we fhoiild always look, in an humble ienfe of both their, and our, abfolute dependence upon him. Having premifed thefc things once for all, and ftill "keeping them in mind ; I now return to the firft of the proportions laid down above ; viz. "•fy'^S'ty *iT ' That having loft the capital of Canada, the enemy have it not in their power to regain the poffeiTion of it. To be fure, they have no Force now in America <:apable of doing this. Their principal and grand army -has been beaten, routed, and cut to pieces : their chief tnilitary officers killed and made prifpners ; and the poor remains of their regular troopsi, which were in that memorable battle, fent to Great-Britain. If their 4}rincipal force united under fo experienced and capa- ble a commander, with other good officers, was not able to defend their capital, what can be expe^ed, or what need be apprehended from them how, broken and difconcerted, without a fufficient number of good •officers, without fpirit, and perhaps without fufficiency of provifions and military ftores .^ I If this capital is regained, it muft therefore be by ,meaiis of large fuccours from old France; or rather by an army well fupplied and appointed, fent from thence into Canada, to join the forces already there. But this is, humanly fpeaking, impollible. The miffi- iipi is at too great a diftance, and die navigation of it s *f. '.i,BBi,jv.^,!;. "^ ' . .il^&» fir ^ladtiefs and Kgoicing^ 3 j^^ tiiis fall, which is not indeed to be expe£M» confider- inghow far the feafbn is already elapfed ; yet what fhould prevent a total conqueft, even very early another feafbn ; when the enemy muft be ftiil in all probability, more weakened, diftrefled, and difpirited, than they are at prefent ? Excepting fuch things as are quite out ofthe ordinary courfe, nothing can prevent this. Which being confidered, the reduction of Que- bec is, in efFedb, the reduflion of all Canada, from Hudfon's Bay fouthward and wcftward to the great lakes : And not only fo, but of all the territory which the French poflefs to the fouthward Hill of thoft lakes till, as was faid before, you come near the Miliifipi, or fome of thofe branches of it, which are at a very great diftance from us. ^ ^ '-^ ' ^ '>-■ ^^ Our. next pofition was, that the redudHon of this country, will be the bringing all our Indian enemies into a friendly alliance with us. For Quebec and Ca- nada being in our pofleflion, they cannot be fupplied from thence as heretofbre^ with arms, ammunition, and other things, which long ufe has made neceflary to them; They muS therefore come to us for them ; and be obliged to court our friendihip. And this reafoning will hold good with reipe6t to all the numerous favagc nations, quite from the territories of Hudfon's Bay, where the Indians have lone been our friends, down to the great lakes, and tc the fouthward of them, as far as Georgia ^ and Wefh> . 4* Wbai great Caufe we htvi u. Incit And if we fhouU hold the pofle0ion of Louif- kfSif^g/f Can^a. and Newfoundland, with the coaft of Xi^r^Qr^ one would think it ea(y to prevent her BMtog fiHi in any of thofe parts, eipecially confider* ing the great fuperiority or the Britifh navy. Nor d(K»^ it P»ein improbable that this whole fiihery may f^ into the hands of Britifh fubjedks ; unlefs we fhould perhaps hereafter have a miniftry as complaifant to his Moft Chriftian Majefty, and the court or Verfailles, as that in thelatter end of Queen Ann's reign, which com- plimented France with* die bed places for carrying on theicQdrftihery, in al) North- America ; w e. in the world. But at preient, to be fure, there is no reafon for any 9ipprehfin0onsof this fort. Now the deftruAion of the J^enckfUhery would be the deftrudlion of one mod: . nutorialand extenfive branch of her commerce, in which ike. was. before our too fuccefsful rival: And this wfaoJeiUhery, falling into the hands of Britain, would prodigtQtt0y iocreaie her trade and wealth y giving herthe advaqoge of fupplying all thofe markets, which France inppliedibeibre P This would alfo be the leiTening of {tbe;latter!6:maricime power in general, and the increar dkgfiropoctifinably, that of Great-Britain. For France, ;h{ttngd4>rivedo£tliis Bfhery, could not employ and .nmimaia fo^many feamen as heretofore, by many choufands *, whereas we might then employ and main- ^ tain many thoufands more than ever. This is a confi- ,dioratioiio£ the laft importance to thewelfare and ikfety ol^.^fiat-Btitain, and of her colonies, if not of all Eu- rmpe^, her chief dependence and fecurity, under divine t^prnvidence^ being -placed in the fuperiority of het na- val . powfr^ .^iid Ikceping under that of France. Fdr : ihQuidt\FraBC»^ .whofe ambiuon is fo exorbitant ar^ -JaaMadleifii andiwhoiie power is fo greac on the coniti* iiMffiM^ once bcJQonse : fujperioi: by fea, ^the liberties of \ Otm»Br^m^ i^d4>^chaps of Europei are no more. ,n-*:d ' Th£s« ^ 1* Jsr Ghdnefi and Rejoicings 4* • Thise are not all, but only fome of the chief «^ thofafecular and national advrntajges which occur tom|i thoughts, as naturally refulting from, or h^vipga^ a^ > parent connexion with, the great things which Gp4 hath Utely done for us *, more efpecially in the reduc- tion of Quebec, which, you will remember, I np^con- fider as being in eflfed the reduction of Canada^ aiuj^ bringing all the Indian favages into a friendly ailiancei with us. Whether that chain o^reaibning, by which .li« came to view it in this light, will hold together, apif < be ftrong enough to fupport fo weighty and itpportani; a concluHon ; or whether it be only like a rope o^ fand, which cannot be even lightly touched without being broken to pieces, mud be fubmitted to the judgv mem of others : As alio, whether, allowing it tp bQ good, and duly conneded> the advantages above-meo- tioned, may naturally be fuppofed, to How fioni fucl| aconqueftof the French in America, and fuch an al« ^ liance with the Indians. r^^-i;i^ji ^;j If theie inferences are not unjudly deduced^ a$ itif humbly conceived they are not, what great catife ha;rf we to be glad and rejoice at this day •, and to prai&lGod for the great things which he hath done for tis ? Ouf . religious, as well as civil privileges Teemed, a fewfc^ fmce, to t)e in fom^ danger from the growing fowef ^nd encroachpients of the enemy here, fuppoiud bf France. For had they at length got the upper han4» we fhould doubtlefs have been deprived of the free enjc^* ments of the protellant religion •, harraiTed, perfequce^ and butchered, by fuch blind and furious zea)o|afor the religion of Rome, under the diredtion of a prieft- hood and hierarchy, whofe Wtfd'>m^ to be fure» is not^ from above, if the charad^eridic of that which is fo^ is to be either pur^t or pgaceakle^ ,f;entle, or eajy to be mreaietly full of mercy ^ or of geod iruits, without par" u What great Caufe we iai)e . fialrtyi or without hpocrify f ! Wc have therefore feaibn to blefs God for the faccelTes he hath given us, not mere]/ on temporal and worldly, but on religious and fpiritual accounts alfo. We have often heard with our cars, and our fathers have told us, what great things God did for them in their days •, how he prcferved, and provided for them in the wildemefs, when this was fuch, which now re- joketh and bloflbmeth as the ro(e ; and how he, in part, drove out the heathen from before them, who were their enemies without a caufe. But we now fee, in our own days, greater things than thofe ? Our fathers, as they had abundant reafon to do, earneftly defired to fee this day, but did not fee it : If they had, how glad ? how joyful would they have been ? And if thole who are fallen adeep in the faith of Jefus Chrift, inftead of being peridied, have, perhaps, fome knowledge of the affairs of this lower world, I doubt not but that our pious fore- fathers^ who fuffered fo much from their enemies here, ^oUk) receive fome acceflion of joy even in heaven, by looking down from thence, and beholding what God hath done for us their beloved pofterity *, how lid hath avenged us of our, and their enemies ; and by "feeing the profpeft which we now have, by the bfdfHilg of God, of living peaceably and happily in tiiis good land ; fo that tho* themfelves never could, yet '^e their dependents, being delivered out of the hand of our enemies, and them that hated us, " may ierve God without fear, in holinefs and rightcoufnefs," the remainder of our lives. - ^THitiK it not ftrange that you hear fuch a fuppofi- tion made, as that above. For altho* both tongues and prophecies ihall ceafe, yet '^charity never taileth" ; in en in of .i;- For Gkdiufs anJ Rifoicing. 45 may [poli- and th" -, in in hcavtn it is perfefted in thofe fouls, which were endowed with a meafure of it on earth. And chanty^ you know, " rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth •," it delighteth in obfcrving the felicity of ethers, and God's righteous ads, whereby his peo- ple and church are fecured againft their adverfaries, and put in a profperous condition. Nor will it be a- mifs juft to ooferve here, that in the Revelation of St. . John, the blefled above are introduced as praifing God, I had almofl faid, keeping a Thank/gtUHg^ for his righteousjudgments on earth, in delivering his fer- vants from opprefllon and perfecution •, particularly, from the perfecutions andopprelTions of the ** mother ^' of harlots, and abominations *," that idolatrous and apoflate church, which hath fo long ^^ made herfelf drunk with the blood of the martyrs of Jefus?-*- I heard, fays he, a great voice of much people in heaven; faying. Alleluia ! Salvation, and gbry, and honor, and power, unto the Lord our God. For true and righteous are his judgments; for he hath judged the great whore, which did corrupt <* the earth with her fornication*' [or idolatrous prac- tices] i '' and hath avenged the blood of his fervants *' at her hand. And again, they faid, Alleluia H 1** God hath revealed his purpofe, his unalterable pur- pofe, in due time, tho' gradually, to confume and dfi- llroy the beaft and the falie prophet, with their ad- herents } till in the end they '^ fhall drink of the " wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out with- *' out mixture, into the cup of his indignation" ; when there is to be a mod fignal revolution in the civil and religious (late of thii^gsin this world •, and all the king- doms thereof are to " become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Chrift." And one might, perhaps, without any great degree of fuperftidon or enthunalm, -s ■' li frono II Chap. XIX. 1.2.3. cc (C (« u 46 What gnat Caufe nee have fititti fomc late occurrences in Europe and clfc where, Act to fay any thing of the order of thefe predictions . ich^mfelves, be inclined to think that this time of ruin * to fdme, and reformation nnd joy to others, from the "pitfcncc of the Lord, when the "gofpel of the king- 'domfhall be preached for a witnefs among all nations," is at no very great diftance from the prefent. ; ll\rT however that matter may be, from fpeaking *toAlkiVely of which, one would think every unin- ^)ired man, endow *d with wifdom and modefty, would be very far \ yet I cannot but juft obferve here, iu a proper ground for gladnefs and rejoicing to all of OS, itho have any ferious concern for the interefts of rdt^n, and the fklvation of mens ibuls, that by the grdeit things which God has lately done, and is ilill do- ing for us, he i^ms, in his providence, to be prepar- ing the way for a much more general and extendve •^rt)pagation of the gofpel among the favage nations of America ; for enlarging the kingdom of Chrift ; and reclaimhi^ from the error of their way to the wifdom of the juft, not only thofe who are altogether iMsathen, but thofe alfo who have hitherto been de- luded and infatuated by the Romifh miflionaries, -•who " compafs lea and land to make profelytes. — " - A field is opened to make ibme further attempts to -this end. And altho' I would be very far, cipeci- tlly at this time of general and common rejoicing • ixnotm us, from faying what might jufily be ofFen- fiVe to any i yet I cannot but add here, that if the honorable and reverend " Society for propagating the ' goipel in foreign parts", fhould fee caufe to employ feme confiderabie proportion of the chanties entrufted to tMlir prudent and pious care, in fo noble an enter- , prize, lb good a workr as that of gofpelizing the fa- r" swages in the extcntive wildernefles of America,! believe all +•-.» For Qlvdnefi (thd Rejolchig, 47 vhcre, iftions >f ruin im the king- fions," eaking unin- odefty, 'C here, } all of refts of : by the ftiU do- prcpar- Ktcnfivc nations Chrift -, rto the ogcther cen de- onaries, tes. — " mpts to eipcci- rjoickig ; ofFcn- t if the ting the employ itrufted enter- the fa- believe all til the world would applaud them. With all the de* frrence that is due to lo refpcdlable a body, doubtlefs the great end of thofe charities would, in this way, be at lead as much regarded and profecuted, and pef- haps better anfwcred, than by fupporting; many nrif- fionaries at a great annual expence, in au the oldeft, the principal, and richeft cities and towns m'thefe Northern colonies ; where chriftianity has been the general, common and eftabliihed religion for more than a century of years pad.— But not to digrefs : Having thus attempted to fhow, what great realbti we have to rejoice and be glad at this time, by repre- fenting the importance of that acquifition which hath been Co often mentioned, coniiderihg the great and happy confequences that may, very probably at leaft, flow from it ; I proceed now as was propofed, III. To fubjoin fome ufeful and neceflary regulations of our joy on this great and happy occafion, that It may be retrained within due bounds, and flow in a proper channel. *^ At^td in the firft place, we (hould take heed thatour joy is not leavened with pride and vain glory, as tho* our fuccefle^' were wholly fh)m ourfehves. This is wliat is very common with people on limilar occafibns. They are glad with a kind of felf-importanr, and felf- fufficient joy, which fwells them up, and is quite the reverie of that rejoicing which becometh chriftfans. For man has nothing which he did not receive, ' ^hc- tlier (Irength, wifdom, courage or magrtanimity : Why then fhouTd he glory in it, or iit the eflfe(5te and cbrife- quehces of it, '• as tho' he had nbt receivtd it ?** , ^ The R £ is another thing nearly allied to this, againft which we ought alfo to guard. Many people who, tho* f :*„^ 4 Reguiations of our Joy tho* they believe in thcovcr-rulingprovidenceof God, and are far from wholly attributing to themfelves, the glory of their vidories and fucceiles, yet rejoice on Uich occafions under the notion of their having as it were merited them, by their fuperior goodnels and righteoufhefs. This is alfo a vain, proud joy, not be- coming finful creatures. It is indeed poifible, that we may not be altogether fo guilty in the fight of God, as our enemies whom he hath thus far fubdued under us ; but we are yet far from being fo righteous ourfelves, as to. have merited thereby the fuccefles which he has given us againft them. And there is a remarkable pafiage in the book of Numbers *, fo much to the prefent purpofe, that I cannot forbear quoting it. The children of Ifrael were now about to pals over the *river Jordan, where God had promifed to drive out the idolatrous nations from before them. But left they .ihould afcribe this to their own great piety and good- nefs, he gives them the following caution and admoni'- ^tipn : " Underftand therefore this day, that the Lord '*^ thy God is he that goeth over before thee as a con* ** fuming fire : he fhall deftroy them, and fhall bring . ♦' them down before thy face : fo flialt thou drive them »« out, and deftroy them quickly, as the Lord hath " faid unto thee. Speak not thou in thine heart, after ** that the Lord thy God hath caft them out from be* ** fore thee, faying, for my righteoufnefs the Lord hath . «* brought me in to poflefs this land : but for the wick- *' edftefs of thefe nations the Lord doth drive them out " ** frorp before thee. "Sot for tJby righteoufnefs^ or for . ♦* the uprightnefs of thine heart, doft thou go to pof- *• fefs their Land : but for the wickednefs of thefe *' nations, the Lord thy God doth drive them out f* from before thee." I . - ' ; •■ ^ 'i '* * Chap. IH^ , W« On the prefint Ocfiafion, ■-t^. We fhouldy moreover, be very far from indulging| to amr kind of excefs, or riotous joy, on this happy occafion. Sopie there are, who feem to thinly they cai>not be f^fficiently glad and joy^l on fi4ch occa^ Qons, without behayine more like the ancient Bacchi- nglians, or madmen, than likeChriftiaps^ndfeajfonabls creatures.; running into many foolilh excefles quite inconfiftent, not only with chriftian fobriety, but with civil order. Let us be admonilhed to abftain fron^ every kind and degree of extravagant, riotous mirth. It is better, fays Solomon, to hear the rebuke of the wife, than for a man ^o bear the fong of fools,, Fpr as the crackling pf thorns uqder a pot, fp i^ the laughter of fpols : this alfo is vanity.*^ (C cc ct «f In the next place : We ft?.ould be at leaft equally far from taking pleafure in refle«5ing orj the miferie^ which our enemies fufFer. We may, indeed, realbna- \Ay rejoice that God has given us fuch fuccefs againft them, as may probably put it out of their power to harm us for the future. But their calamities and dif« trcfles, confidered in themfelves, are no proper ground of gladnefs to us. And if any pajrt of our joy on thjf occafion arife? frorji hence, fo far \t is contrary to the fpirit of the gofpej. If we have good and benevolent hearts, we cannot but be touched with pity for thpfe unhappy people, hoyyever malicious they have been towards us ; efpecially for the poor women ;W)d chil- dren, who can hardly be flippofed to have been " in this tranfgreflion," with the reft. Yea, if we could relieve them in their diftrclfes, without hazard to our- felves and the public, the great laW of charity would oblige us to do it ; whereby we fliould fulfil that evan- gelical command, " If thine enemy hunger, feed him j *' if he thirft, give him drink : For in fo doing thoi^ f ftalt heap coals of fire upon his head.** 50 ^Regtifaiions of our Jo^ Again : We fliould by no means plcafe ourfelvcs with any fuch thought as this on the prefent occafion, that being at reft; fro/ii our enemies, we may hereafter have it in our power to lead a foft and luxurious, an indolent or efrcminate life *, confuming the bounties of divine pibvidence on our lufts. To pleafe and delight ouiielves with any fuch thoi!ight, with any fuch hopes as thefe, were to rejoice, not as Chriftians, but as Epicures ; and would be a certain indicationi of a corrupt, fenfual turn of n^d. But having dwelt Ibng enough on the negative here, it may be proper to propote fome more dired and poficive rules, to guide and ajQTift us in pointing our joy aright on this great occafion. ^*And here, in the firft place, we (houM " rejoice ^ in the Lord y* in him who has done the(e great things for us, whereof we are glad. We arc to con- (ider God as the fuDrem<« author of our vidlories and fuccefles. " All that Ts in the heaven, and in the earth *< is his ; and in his hand it is to make ^reat, and to *' gif«?ftrength unto all." However brave, prudent, and tft^animous the perfons are, or were, to whom we ittlhlediately owe thefe fucceflqs, they are yet to be confidered only as the inftruments and fervants of God, by whom he has wrought fuch falvation, fuch great things for us. Thine, OLord! is "the glory, **. apd the victory, and the majefty,' *, .:,,... t *' 'We fhould alfo afcribe thefe fuccefles to Qod, not merely as the fupreme caufe and author, but as the gracious, merciful, and bountiful beftower of them j whom we had laid under no obligation, in poiiit of juftice, thus to efpoufe our caufe, " when men rofe up " againftus >** but who might, for our fins, have given •:v * " us s *V»Jf not the em i t of *eup iven us • On the prefent Occafim. *« us a prey to their teeth,** however wicked and un*' fijjhteous our enemies themfelves may be fuppofed to be, or to have been. And indeed God, in his un« fearchable wifdom, fometimes permits the wicked grier voufly to i^fflt^ fuch as are more righteous than them- felves } whei«ein he is not unjuft, fince the '* wholtt *• world is become guilty before him.** -,- . ■. ■., » ,-. « . . • ,3T; . y . . 'Wis iWoreb^er neceflTary, that our joy ihould be siccompanied with unfeigned gratitude, or truly thank* ful hearts. Gladneis on fuch an occaHon without fin- cere thankfultiefs, which is very fuppofeable, and per- haps v^ry common, would have no degree of piety or virtue ; it would be but a nati^ral, human paflion^ the u^-7ring of felf-love. It is only a grateful joy that y u '.es chriiiians, at legCt, that will entitle us to that honourable chara^er. And it is in this, that ^ religious thank/giving moft eflentially confifts; I m(£an, i" having our hearts truly touched and warm- ed with a fenfe of God*s uhdefervcd goodnefs to us ? Tho* it is higjjiy expedient that this ftjould be out- wardly exprwed, by talking of his loving-kindnefs, t)y devoutly finging his praifes, and afcrjbing to him bleffing and honor, glory and power. Oui rejoicing in the goodnefs of our God to us, (hould alfo be attended with unfeigned good-will and charity towards men. Indeed a proper fenfe of God's mercies has a natural tendency to foften and expand the heart of man; to fill it with the warmeft wifhes for the good, the eternal good of o- thers. And if we feel no fuch benevolence, or cha- rity, in our breads, it is almoft a certain fign that there is in them no religious or virtuous joy ; and that hqwever full we may be of gladnefs cr mirtli upon this pccafion, it is only the mirth or gladnefs of fen- 52 Bjgulatiom of our Joy^ &c. fual men % of men under the influence of natural hu- man palTions and affedbions only, at bed \ but podl- bly of fuch as are much worfe, unnatural ont%» MoR£ VER : Our rejoicing in the goodncfs of God to us on £his occafion, fhould be accompanied with lincere refolutions to make the mott proper and wort thy returns to him that we poflibly can, i. e. to keep his commandments, and live to his glory. Truly grateful and religious joy is never unattended with fuch- like pious and virtu'^us refolutions. And in- deed, after all that has been faid in the former par( of this difcourfe, concerning the greatnefs and impor- tance of thofe things whi3\ G<3 has done for us, the chief, or rather the fum-total of the advantage is, that we may, if we have hearts for it, hereafter ** lead a quiet and peaceable life, in all godlinefs *' and honefly " to do which, is the fupreme good of man in this world, and the only way to obtain immortal joys m the next. ^^ <■- '^' '^ ^ i' ' {ft- p. Finally here : We fhould *' rejoice with trem- bling." We fhould exercife an humblq dependence *npon almighty God, in whofe hand all future events are j whether profperous or adverfe to us, we can- not certainly forefee j but we fhall know hereafter. We fhould be far from a vain confidence that God, who has done fuch great things for us, will not in fomc other refpe<5ls frown upon us, and forely cha- ftife us. We may well tremble, or at leafl fear in fome meafure, left he Ihould do thus : Efpecially if, inftead of making proper returns of love and obedience to him for thefe mercies, we fhould forget, or mifim- prove them. Even the profperity of fools often de- ftroys them, when their enemies could not do it. And when we confider pur owa numerous frailtie§, " ^ '-' ' f " : - follies rS. - *-V« •'• -* Sofhe farther "kefleSiom^ hz, ff follies &nd corruptions, we may well tremble amidft all our joys, led we fhould prove as wicked and un- grateful as mmv have been before us ; who fung God's praifes, but foon forgot his works : Sinking under the bleifings they enjoyed, into indolence, dilTo- lutenefs and impiety. How guilty (hould we be, if we ihould increafe the number of fuch, after God has thus hianifefled his great goodnefs to us, and laid us under fuch obligations ! However, what is here faid is by no means defigned to damp, but only to regulate our common joy, and the hopes which thefe late fucceffes may naturally raife in us refpeiSbing our future profpe- rity ; efpecially if we (hould conduct ourfelves, in confequence of them, as becomes wife men and chri- ftisins. . IT were, indeed, an argument both of our infenfi- bility and our itigratitude, jiot to rejoice on |b noble an occaHon. We, I mean New-England, and all the Britifh American plantations, had never fo much caufe for general joy as we have at prcfent i while we fee ourfelves in fo fair a way, under the blef* fing of Providence, to be wholly delivered from our enemies in thefe parts. Had the French retained their power, and independency of us here in America, we might be certain from more than an hundred years fad experience of them, that they would ftill be, not only our enemies, but falfe, perfidious, and barbarous ones i and not only fo, but that the greater part of the favages ftill inftigated, as they are already infatuated by them, would be our enemies alfo. Canada^ even tho* the French fhould relinquifh all their encroach- ments, and retire within their old proper bounds, is yet fo near to us, that it is impofTible for Frenchmen^ retaining their power, and their independency on E 3 Great- M St^me farther Refie£Hon$ Gre^t-firitain, to inhabit that country without being pernicious enemies to U3, in peace as well as war. Oi this we have had experico|::e, much more than fuffici^ cnt : We have fadly felt the efieds of their perfidy, and of long u'ars with the favages, wholly owing to them. i V. ' i ' We have all along been more or Ids difquieted, often greatly diftrefled, by thefe our American enemies , And there was a time, not long fmce, when we had confiderable reafon to apprehendwhat the confequcnce ipight be ; how far fatal to ourfclves, and the Briti(h interell in America. We had Tome reafon for this, whether we refled how the enemy conduded, or wc ourfelves condudted, at that time : When they had a ftrong chain of forts quite round iis, and boafted that they had us in a pound : When, not only all the per- jfidy, which is nothing new or ftrange, but almoit all the policy, the prudence, the miUtary fpirit» and I may add, the fuccefs alio, feemed to have fallen tp their fbare ! Thefe things then look*d with a dark and threatning afpedb on the Britifh affairs in America* and, confequently, in Europe alfo. But blefled be God, that the fcene is fo much changed ! " The fnare is broken, and we are efcaped.*' The power of the French is now broken, at leait here in America ; and not likely to be recovered. Our heathen enemies have no longer caufe to " flioot out the lip," to deride and infult us, faying. Where is their boalted ftrengtlv? " Where is their God ?" Even they muft now con* fefs that the Lord hath done great things for us, ■whereof they alfo may in time probably be glad, how forrowful foever they may be at prefent. And having oflfered up our praifes to heaven for thefe favours, we can now make no prayer mare feafon able, than that God would be pleafed 'io deeply to imprefs our hearts ^^nfif'g frf^ the Occajhn. '5 J hearts with a fenfe of his goodnefs, that it may never be effaced ) but that we may always remain humbly and obediently thankful for it. » If we have but hearts to live anfwerably to thefe mercies, we may expcft to fee far " greater things than thcfc.*' We have given many outward demon* ftrations of our joy. To pafs over fome others, we have chim'd bells, and cannon have roar'd; bon* fires have blaz'd on every hill ; colors have been dif> play'd ; our houfes have been gaily illuminated ; and many a fplendid rocket has been thrown to illuminate and adorn the ikies themfelves. Such have been the civil demonftrations of our joy on this great occailon. And we have now, as foon indeed as could well be, manifefted our joy in a religious manner, by obferving this day of public nd general thankfgiving. The former I do not ce: .ure; the latter is doubtlefs to be commended. What remains then, but that we now give the higheft and beil evidence of all, that we have a juft fenfe of thefe favours, and are truly thankful for them; I mean, by " denying ungodlinefs, and woridly lulls, and living foberly, righteoufly, and god« ly in the world?'* That we may lead quiet and peaceable lives in all godlinefs and honefty, is indeed the moft, if not the only, rational and worthy end we can have in view, in any of our military undertakings^ And when once providence has, or (hall have, put it in our power to live thus, the great end of war being anfwered, we are wholly inexcufable if we live other- wife ; particularly if we (hould " turn afide to vaia jangling" amongll ourfelves, *' doting about quefti- ons and ftrifes of words, whereof cometh envy, ftfife, railings, evil-furmifings, and perverfe difputings •,'• inftead of " ftudying the things that make for peace, and the things whereby we may edify one another," - : E 4 M 6(> , S}>mt fMher. ReJle^Un$ If we (hould henceforth live as becomes fellow^ fubjedls, andfellow-chriftians, in the fear of God, and brotherly- love, ftill " abhorring that which is evil, and cleaving to that which is good/' we might then rea- fonably hope td fee ourfelves eftablifhed without any Hvals, much lefs perfidious and cruel enemies^ in this good land, of fuch a vaft extent ; and that pur pofte- rity after us will alio be glad of thofe great things which God has done» and is ftill doing for us. Even they will " abundantly utter the memory of his ^' great gpodnefs^ and talk of his righteouihefs," if Vre and they become, and continue, a willing and obedient peopled Yea, we may reafonably expeS; that this country, which has in a ihort time^ and under many difadvantages, beconie fo populous and flouriih« ing, will, by the continued blefling of heaven, in ano- ther century or two become a mighty empire (I do not mean an independent one) in numbers little infe* rior perhaps to the greateft in Europe, and in felicity to none. /„ ^ . W£ ourfelves (hall^ indeed, be all gone off the ftage long before th^*- time, and '* gathered to our fathes;" But our pofterity will remain. And I mult own, if I may fo exprefs it, that I feel a flrong affedtion work- ing in me towards thofe that are yet unborn, evert to many generations. As I think with great fatisfac- tion and delight on the happy eftate of good men long iTince dead ; efpecially of our pioui forefathers who firft peopled this country, and underwent fo many difficulties and hardfhips in this undertaking for she ^eftimony of a good confcience, and during their abode here ', fo I delight in looking into future ages, and feeing, at leaft in imagination, the profperous and hap* py condition erf thofe that are to fuccced us. > 1 arifingffbm ibe Occafi&n. t% I I CANNOT help, neither do I defire to hdp, fuch imaginations \ becaufe they afford me at leaft an inno- cent pleafure \ perhaps one that might claim even th.? vi? i*fi i -' The firft of the t\\o former expeditions againd Qiicbec and Canada, of which fome sccoun: was to be given, was in the reign of King William III. fixty- nine years ago, viz. A/D. 169O. No Bricifh troops wtre employed therein. But the people of New- England, having been continiaally moiefted by the Canadians, and the Indians in their mtcrelli an(- Iiaving beeri very iiiccefsful this fame year in r-du^ cing Fort VtoyaK now Annapolis, with all Nova- Scotia, refolvea on this more important and arduous enterprise agair (I Quebec. For it was then, and in- deed Jong before, plamly feen, that we were never to cxpe^l: aiiy peace or quiet in tliefe northern Britilh co- lonies, while Qiicbec was in the hands of fuch neigh- bours as the French. Sir William Phips, the next Year Governor of the Mafiachufetts-Bay, was a lo- ver of his native country, and of an aftive genius. He was accordingly a zealous promoter of this expe- dition, and was put at the head of it, as commander in chief. ^ "c J\sd i6rol',^t^:'^f^iy ^ftfrn^-i^iiu^ tt: In tills e?fpedition there failed fronri the port of JBofton, thirty-rv( frigates and tranfports, having onboard, belides leamen, about 2000 New-England troops. I'he largeft (hip, or adm.iral, 'carried 44 guns. The feafoh was far too much advanced before the fleet took its departure from Bbfton, which was not till the 9th of Auguft. It did not arrive before Qiiebec rill the 5th ot Odober. A thoufan ? Eng- lifh provincial iioops, with 1500 Indirn"> were to hay^ niarched alqu; the fame time from Albany, and :itli T' ., .. to > »./ ) APPENDIX. to have proceeded by the way of Lake Champlain, in order to attack Montreal, or at lead to divide the French forces, and make a diverfion that way, in fa- vour of the fleet and army up the river St. Lawrence } and thereby facilitate the defign of reducing Quebec, which was the grand point in view. But, for certain reafons which cannot here be particularly mentioned, the forces did not proceed at the weftward, according to the original plan. Which, in part, occafioned the fubfequent milcarriage of the expedition up the river : I fay in part ; for there were other caufes concurring j particularly ficknefs amongll the troops there, and, pofllbly, want of fufficient experience in the officers for fuch an undertaking ; to the fuccefs whereof, bra- very was not the only thing neceflary. ^^V ' .Ho J 'i'-. *. cc C( O^ober the 6th, Sir William fummoncd the French governor, count Frontenac, to furrcnder ; from whom he received the following anfwer, *' That Sir William ** Phips, and thofe with him, were traitors to their King ♦, and had taken up. with that Ufurper the Prince of Orang?, and had made a revolution^ which if it had not been made, N. England and the French would have been aitl one j and that no ** other anfwer was to be expedted from him, but •<* what fhould be from the mouth of his cannon." [MagnaL] The winds continued fo high and boifter- ous, that it was imprafticable for the army to land before the 8th, when all the effedlive men, being about 1^.00, were landed under the command of lieutenant- general Wall-/, about 5 niles below the city, on the north-fide of the river. They had that day fome Ikir- miflies with the enemy; a few being killed on both fides. They advanced fome way towards the city ; but the cold was now fo fevere, that the feet and hands of ♦ James II. F 3 many APPENDIX. many were frozen ; and others were taken Tick with the Small-PoK. Befides : the enemy having feafonably learnt, a confiderable time before, that they were in no danger of having any difturbance towards Montreal, our army that way having returned, drew all their ftrength from thofe parts; regular troops, Canadians and Indians ; and in Ihort made themfelves much fu- perior in the field. Thefe were fufi^cient reafons for nop advancing farther towards the city, in order to aflault, or befiege it -, and the troops were foon re-imbarked. 3ir William, however, in the mean time, had brought fome of the Ihips up to bombard the city \ and had his own (hip fliot thro' in near lOO places. A French wri- ter. Baron La Honton, then at Quebec, makes him- felf very merry with this bombardment •, telling hjs reader, that hereby the place fufFered damage to the amount of about "5 or 6 piftoles." He is alfo very fe- vere on the conduft of Sir William. He fays, •* he ^' could not have done lefs than he did, if the French ^* had hired him to ftand ftill with his hands in his ^* pockets," This is doubtlefs an injurious refieftion on him. For confidering the bad weather, the cc!d, the ficknefsjthe fmallnefsof his force, the failing of the in- tended diverfion at ^e weft ward, and the conicquent ftrength of the enemy at Quebec, it was hardly pof- fjble to have done more than he did 5 tho* that was indeed but very httlc to the purpofe. ^,, ^ r It was Sir William's defign, notwithftanding thefe difcouragcments, afterwards to have landed the troops in the face of the city, under cover of his cannon, and to have taken it by ftorm •, the tfoops, as well as him- felf, being ftill full of fpirit and resolution. But foon after, "a violent ftorm arofe that'feparated the fleet, >^ and the fnow arsd the cold became lb extremt> ^h^t ^•' they could not continue in thofe quarters any ion • APPENDIX. fit » However, we ought to fp&ak with honor of Sir William Phips. Tho' neither his education, nor his experience afterwards, and poffibly not his genius, qualified him either for the profoundeft policy, or for a great military command, he was a brave, honeft man, of an enrerprifing turn, a lover of his country, and zealous for its honor and fervice j qualities which certainly make his charafler and memory rcfpedtabJe. And i . - p, at the clofe of this brief account of his un- fortunate expedition, it will not be amifs to fpeak of one circumllance to his honor, told in the LSves of F 4 thi .i-.hi APPENDIX, $be yfi/wiftf/j bcfore-mf ntkJncd,* tho' relating t6 quite gnother Affair. Sir William, then only captain Phips» had, by the interccflion of Chrillopher, Duke of Albc- jtnarle, obtained a fr\p o* King Charles II. in order to fifli on a rich Spanifh wreck on the coaft of Hifpanio- la. He went, and returned without making the de • fired difcoveryi a confiderable proportion of the pro- fits arifirg from which, was to have gone into the King's confers, for the expence h^ ; ad been at in fit- ting out the ihip. Captain Phips being again fitted out by private adventurers on tiie fame defign, made ♦"hedifvQvery, and returned to England with gpo^ooo/. Stcri. in filver. ** On his arrival, there wanted not foif. , vho would have perfuaded the King to feize his fnip and cargo, under the pretence that captain phips had not given an exaft information, when he apj)lied for licence, and the royal affiftance : But his ^Ijjcfty generoufly anfwered, that he knew the cap- ta'n to be an honed man, and a man of honour •, and' that if he had brought home twice as much treafure, his proprietors fliowld divide it. His Majefty farther (pxprdfcd his fatisfadion by knighting him.** Uve$ ff the Jdmirals, vol. 2. p. 37^. The other former, and much greater expedition ^gatn ft Quebec and Canada, was in the reign of Queen Anne, twenty-one years after the above-mentioned, piz» A. D. lyii. The late Lord Vifcount Bolin- •broke, then only Mr. St. John, fecretary of ftite tq the .Queen, appears to have had the chief hand in planning and direding this expedition. There were ientfrom England either 11 jr 12 line of battle-lhips, (for acuOMnts differ) i fric-ate, 2 bombs with their "^nder, and 32 tranfports with 'feveral regiments, leaking in all upwards of 5000 men -, as alio 8 tranf- ports i^nd' tePedcr^ bdonging to ^he train of artillery. Sir I f ^ s A P P E ' D I X. I f V \ sir Hovendcn Walker was the admiral of the fleet; and general Hill commander in chief of the Britilh troops. It feems they were delayed fome time in the chaunel of England by contrary winds j at which Mr. fecretary St.- John, in his letters then written to the admiml, exprefies the greateft concern and uncafincfs. After b^ing put back I'everal times, from the 28th of April to the 5 th of May, the fleet at length proceeded from Plymouth, and continuing its voyage, arrived at BofloR June the 24th, without any material difafter i when the troops were debarked, and encamped for focis time on Noddle's Ifland. To thele were joined two regimentb from the Maflfachufetts-Bay, Rhode* IQand and Ncw-Hamp(hire ; all which were deftined againft Quebec and Canada, by the way of St. Law- rence. General Nicholfon was at the fame time to take under his command a body of militia from ConneiSbi- cut, New -York, and the Jerfies, together with the Indians of the Five, alias Six Nations, which we com- monly, tho* not quite properly, blend all together under the general name of Mohawks. This army under the lall mentioned general, was to proceed by the way of Lake Champlain, in order to attack Mont- real, or at lead to make a diverfion in thofe parts ; and by keeping the enemy at bay there, to forward • the redudion of Quebec by the fleet and principal army. With this view they proceeded from Albany towards the lake-, tho' not till the 20th of Auguft. Of what number this army confided, I have either never exaftly learnt, or have forgotten ; probably about 3000 including Indians. This army we now leave in its progrefs towards the lake, and return to the other army and the fleet. .' . It is faid by fome, that thefe were delayed at Biof- tona long time for want of neceffary provifions, forac feamen^ APPENDIX. i^amen, tec. and this through the negligencf, or ra- ther the mercenary and wicked defi^ns ot certain per- fons here, whofe bufincfs it was to forward them with all polTiblc expedition. The admiral and general, to be lure, were loud in their complaints, not againft particular perfons only, but the government in ge- neral. For the former, in one of his letters to govern nor Dudley, then in the chair, expreflcs himfell in the following terms : *' I concur, fays he, with the opi- nion of all the fea and land officers here, that the g^' vernment of this colony have prejudiced the prefent expedition, inftead of affifling it." And fuch repre- fentations were fent home, of this matter, as left, for fomc time, imprellions on the minds of many perfons there, minrh to the prejudice and difadvantage of this government. As to the negligence, ill dcfi^ns, or ill CDndudl of fome particular perfons ; thus far the ac- cufacion might pofTibly be juH: ; which, however, I do not aflert. But the imputation, as it refpected the government, and people in general, was doubtlefs a ircry unworthy one, to fay nothing worfe of it. No gQvernment could well be more zealous in promoting any expedition •, aH the people in general had thefuc- •ce6 of it greatly at heart : and it may be added, that as much was done by the government to promote it, ss cx>uld well be done, confidering their circumftances, and that they had little or no previous warning to make the needful preparations. A great genius, Jer. XKimmer, Efq-, while agent for this province at the court of London, in his excellent defence of our char- ier, longfince did the government and province juf- tiec : and wiped off thefe foul and bafe alperfions, by ■ fctting this matter in a true and clear light. '» • --^ But to whatever caufe or caufes, the delay of the fleet and army at Bofton was owing, the fa6t is, that ihey didnotpiioceed from hence on the expedition till .fi,ly *■ * rf ,.*.'» ■ m APPENDIX. Julv the 30th i much too late for fuch an enterprife, at iuch a diftance, thro' fuch a navication, and in fuch , a country as Canada. The fleet, when it took its de« ' parturc from hence for the river, confided of about 68 or 70 fail, having on board 6,463 troops, including the pnwincials. Being got into the gulph of St. Lawrence, and having taken a French prize, the peo- ple of which gave tlie mod difcouraging and for- midable accounts pofTible, the admiral in his journal writes thus, Auguft 15th j from whence it will ap- pear, not only how much he was deceived in fome rcfpetfls, bu: how much he was difconcerted by that m^ans : *' Having informed myfelf by all means pof- fible, fays he, ot the nature of Canada river, both from the French and Englilh, I ftill perceive there were mor*; difficulties to furmount than could have been imagined ; for the mafler of the French prize, who had made forty voyages, as he told me, in that river, out and home, aflured mcno-ihip ever wintec'd there, but hazarded every thing, rather than let the froft overtake them. That between the mouth of the river and Quebec, being about 1 30 leagues, there was neither road, ba)\ or harbour^ where ihips could be in tolerable fecurity ; that he never found groundf tho'hc fried with a line of 400 fathom j that the Ihore was ileep too all along, being exceeding high and moun- tainous, and in mod places you diould have 100 fa- thom within a cable's length of the Ihore ; in fomc parts as deep water, and the (hips fides touching the rocks. That it has been impoffible for any perlbn — to know the currents— ; thsit fogs and fiorms were ib frequent, as they might well be edeemed continual^'* &c. &c. But thcfe things I leave without pretending to determine, whether this admiral were then the more (cafy believer, or the Frenchman the greater L — r,. fei. On APPENDIX. ' :^ OfrT the 1 8th of Aiiguft the fleet was not far from the mouth of the river ; but the wind blowing hard againft them, as the admiral fays* he put into the bay ofGafpee, to the Ibuthward. There they were de- tained iill the 20th, when they made fail for the river. The night of the 23d, being thick and dark, and the iadvice of the Englilh pilots, as they declared, not being followed by the admiral, proved fatal to part of the fleet, and put an end to this expedition. Being entered the river as far as theEgg-Iflands on the nor- thern fhore, eight tranfports were there caft away, and near lOoo people perifhed ; amongfl: whom, how- ever, there were none of the New-England troops. About ten days after, the fleet put ir'.o Spanifh river in the ifland cf Cape- Breton. After confulting there fome time, what was to be d^ne, particularly whether any thing fhould be attempted againft the enemy at Placentia on Newfoundland, it was at length deter- mined in a council both of land and fea officers, that it was imprafticable to do any thing, except to return directly to England, after giving general Nicholfon, whom we left in his progrefs towards Montreal, ad- vice of the difiifter which had befallen them : For his now going forward could anfwer no valuable end. The fleet accordingly took its departure from Spaniih river Sept. 16. In a ihort paflfage they were in found- 'riTgs near the Britilh channel *, and, 06t:. 1 6, the ad- 'miraPs fhip then lying at anchor at Spithead, was 'b;cwn up, with moftof his papers, and many people on board, the admiral himfelf being on fhore. No .'difcovery was ever made by what means this hap- pened. Some have thought it was not an accidental thing, but done with defign, as being the moft expe- ditious and fiii'efl way of fettling the voyage. How- c\XY this fuggedion feems hardJy credible. \ i ) > '. du tiO' Thus \ i A P P E N D I X. Thus ended the fecond grand expedition ag^nib Canada 5 that of admiral Kirk mentioned above, not being here reckoned as one. " The charge incurred by the province of the Maflachufetts-Bay was Ibme- thing more than 24,000 /. fterjing, allowed by ^jar- liament." Doug. Summ. -,stptf> , There were three circumftances efpecially, at-» tending this expedition, either of which might proba-r bly have proved fatal to the fuccefs of it without the other two. In the firft place, it was much too late in the year before the fleet failed from England. In the next, feafonable notice had not been given here, to make preparation for its arrival, and for that part which the colonies were to bear in the enterprize. And laftly, there was want of a number of thoroughly and fufficiently experienced pilots for the river ; at leaft; of fuch as the admiral, who was doubtlefs a gentle-~ man of very good fenfe and accomplilhments,' could place full confidence in, and rely upon ; which feem** to have entirely difconcerted him. Some have hinted ' at deep, dark, and treacherous defigns, relative to this expedition. Nor is it ftrange that there Ihoilld have been fome fufpicions of this fort, confiderihg who were then at the helm, and how fome other mat- ters were carried on about that time. But that there was really any treachery in the cafe, is by no means clear, or certain •, and perhaps, upon laying all things . together, very improbable. However, it is quite be- yond the defign of this Appendix^ to make any fort pf • inquiry into that matter ; which, to be fure, would be of no advantage to thofe, whofe gratification wiis •propoled hereby. : V . ^ ■ /u As the accdunt of thefe two expeditions was intro- duced with the mention of one which precceded them, wh«fi an'. .' tl*JLk-. '..'■_*> Lit. A*P P E N D I x:. whtft both 'Canada and New-England were In their infant ftate } it may be followed with the mention of another, which was planrted fince thefe; but without being carried into execution, or fo much as attempted, except fo far as the enlifting of troops here for that end. This was during the laft war, viz. in 1746. The orders from Great-Britain for making thefe le- vies, were dated in April that year. Many troops were raifed in the colonies on fo important an occa* fion ; fome of which were rendezvous'd at Saratoga above Albany. But at length, to our great furprize and mortification, in Oftober of the following year, orders were received here for difbanding the troops. Why this defign was riot then profecuted, there arc others that know better than the author of thefe few pages* But be thankful, my countrymen and fellow- fub- je<5ls, that what all who have well underftood, and heartily dcfired, the true interefl of Britilh America, ever eftecmcd the grand, eflential point, is now gained. ,,_^^ QUEBEC, after repeated ftruggles and efforts, is at .length reduced : QUEBEC, I had almoft called it t!iat pandora's box, from whence unnumbered plagues have iffucd for more than an hundred years, todiitrefis, .10 enfeeble, to lay wade, thefe northern colonies ♦, and which might, perhaps, in the end have proved fatal to them! An acquifition, the confequence of which, // maintained J mu(t prove, not only the utter ruin of the French power and interefl in Amenca ; but ia time, according to the natural courfe of things, the exalting of thefe little provinces and colonies, 4s it were into as many kingdoms j and confequently, the railing of the Britifh empire in Europe, on which . they will continue dependent, to an height and dig- nity amongfl the nations, which it neyer knew bef)rt^. However, although this is not ^fermony it may be juft J i ( ) APPENDIX. j.uft added here, that under the government and pro- vidence of God, all this will depend, in fome mca- fure, !! our own wifdom, virtue, and piety : For even our profperity, without thefe qualities, may prove our ruin. A pagan faid wifely, whether juftly or noi^ as applied to ancient Rome, *' Diis te minorem quod geris, imperas : *' Hinc omne principium, hue refer exitum" ! Which being put into a more chriftian ftile, in plain } jfc profe, may be exprefled thus : You are exalted above other nations, becaufe you are virtuous, and walk humbly with y cur God: From hence deduce the origin of your power, its increafeand grandeur*, and t) the contrary alcribe its fall ! — Or you may take the fum of it in the words of a certain wife King^ who flou- rifhed in the days of old : " Righteoufnefs exalteth a 4 \ nation, but fm is a reproach to any people." To conclude: However unfortunate the former expeditions againft Canada were, in the reigns of K. William and Q^ Ann, efpecially the latter, wherein the fleet met with fuch difficulties and difafters ; the laft of all has been attended with fuch profperity, as r will glorioufly diftinguilh the reign of K. C iiORGE II. In the fuccefs of whofe fleets and arms the elements fcem now to intereft themfelves, for bringing down the pride of France. ?' O nimium Dilecte Deo, cui militat acdier, " Et conjurati veniunt ad claflica venti!" Claud. O heav'n-belov*d ! The fides r^eir fuccours lendj Thy arms the tides, and rolling feas, befriend, And winds confpiring on thy fleets attend ! np ILL pride fliall ceafe its neigh|)ours to invade, •■• And fwains at eafe enjoy their humble (hade : Till guilty fpears fhall ceafe to blufh with gore. And fwofds be drunk with chiiilian blood no more -, I. } Till 5 JLL)tLAJ^^ .^^^•::z,-.---i^i.-i^L V^ ir> '■«w». ofc in prunlng^Tiooks arc found. |he(ip in.^&Hgh-iharesoiark. the furrow'd ground J I exil'd PtACE retUrni«g from al^ve o human-kind propitious, heav'ijly dove f Bfiafl olive to each <;)lmcv cadjx<)ijnfrj brings , And f^rcftd o'er natfohs Wide her foft^ring wing : Till wrath and hsite arc bani(h'd ir» their cul'fi. And ev*ry kre^^ wttft*pur^ flames iKall burV I # * - Till the^,,jQ heav'n ! till then indulgpnr fmile, F.r(sedom thy gutrdian care, and Brit^^in's iile ! ^tlllli«?n KlER liberties proteft i forthofe;.^ , "Not to her Monarchs, bul to thee fheoW^. Oreat source of Hberty ! the Tyrant^ A^B^ a poMndlefs in pow'r, \i^t goodnefs ftill thy jaw. Till then Xucb Kings a»:6EORGE to Britiiiji lend 1- ^uch mintfteu a'^ PiTt fuQceffive fend ; Sucji aciiag^s a^laieiKaVerjurd the main ; Stghyrjafefe-as fought oti,J^Bk ah*m's * plain j ^"Wfert, rtot ti 1 1 deat™nnibr tal ; N A m e renown'd ! J pr AlVl^RST^iirwill^iin^ 'awcls crown'd !—-. .Sa^wJe^owerA^ll bcn|fv a& pf itain'«^ Vr/^' ?1{^^te eaw^ c^^ ] ^AWdi^ m^M^? of hfif li^df tand j :And'#tTd liSplCrtf fftcls trtv ch#'ning rod ilTdr-^JNtf^ ud^ cfiRi45TiAW may~-b«Uevc A GOD f ;li Vtl« Tbn^ imd ajiike it hnf j>y. n 1 I '^V?'- m- ' ( T i " t I i ■^/'■> '¥■,