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Meps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fiimAs k des taux de reduction dif'irents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour fttra reproduit en un seul clichi. il est film6 A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche k droite. et de haut en bas. an prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 "^tHImmmmmmm .,1 ' r ):.i ,■■ II' I " Safety nnd ofiual Govornmcnf , are things, Whlcl) subjects mnko. as happy ns Iheir kings." -Waller. TO THE FREE AM) I^•DF1^ENDENT ELECrrORS OF THE COI'XTY OF GLENGARRY. ''"'■■' Gf.nti.kmkx : Loni JIansfielil, in an important debate in the House of Loi Js, in Eng- land, in the year 1770, used these memorable words: "True liberty, in my opinion, ran only exist where justice is equally administered to all, to the king and to the beggar;" and it is much to be regretted, that in the noon-tide of the nineteenth, century, with tlic experience, knowledge and opportunities we have had, as well as the lessons we have learned from history, that the principles and maxims embodied in the above quotation are not more closely observed and practiced in Can^a. I am led to the above conclusion by the attempt that is being made to drag into the elections, i«3rhaps soon to be held, a subject much to be deplored by every true Canadian. I mean the execution of Louis Riel, subverting and destroying as it does, the old political issues and lines of the two parties, which affect the welfare and prosperity of the Country, and substituting therefor one of religious and national anti- l^athy, with its consequent strifes, struggles, bitterness and bad feeling, just to serve for a time as a means by w-hich the party led by the Honorable Edward Blake may be placed in jwwer. Here is an extract from a siKJech which the Hon. Mr. Laurier delivered at tho meeting on Champ do Mars, as reported in La Pairie of the 26th Novenaber, 1885 : " Henceforth there will be neither Liberals nor Conservatives; only the great r *- tional party composed of the old Liberals and the old Conservatives." Again let me give an extract from a paper called I/jPresse of the 16th November, LS8r>, which is as follows : "From this day wc can consider all the old political division of party as having ceas- ed to exist in Lower Canada. When nationality is outraged and menaced, there can no longer be Liberals or Conservatives, there can be but the party of patriots. Henceforth, there be but two parties, the national party and the hanging patty." A sense of duty which I feel I owe to the people of my native county, and an earnest desire that the grossly distorted facts and wicked misrepresentations, in con- nection with the recent insuri'ection in the North West, impels me to briefly recapitu- late the leading events in the incipiency of the trouble in order that the electors of Glengarry may have a fair idea of Riel's responsibility and the freedom from all real blame in which the Government must be held by right thinking and honest men. I may say at the outset that as one holding Her Majesty's commission in the Senate of Canada, I cannot be fairly accused of having addressed you for any personal favor or advancement, I have "no axe to grind." But while I claia) +his, I feel it does not lessen my responsibilities to you and to my country, but on .ne contrary, render it more incumbent on me, at a time when men's bitterest passions are aroused, involving dangerous consequences to our Constitution, that I should at least ventura to address the people of "Glengarry, as lovers of their country, to crush out such insidious and unpatriotic attempts to gain a" temporary advantage at the expense of law, order ami yood CTOvenuneut — trampling under foot tlie idea that ^ Govfernmg.ftt is to lie punjslied because it will not violate that essential principle to true liberty, that justice should " be equally administered to all." To any ordinary observer, it became apparent from the day on which Louis Kiel was taken prisoner near Batoche, till the day on which he was executed at Regina,that leading men of the Blake-Laurier party, and their organs, were prepared to make use of this questio.i against Sir John Macdonald and his Government, whether tliis poor unfortunate man was found guilty or not, and if found guilty, whether his punishment would be that of imprisonment or death. The Globe said as much during the trial, that the whole proceedings would be only ti sham, and that Sir John would go through the farce of trying Riel in order to please Ontario, but in the end that he would yield to Quebec influences and rob justice of its right. In its issue of July 24th, 1885, that paper said : "The trial programme points in the one direction; hurry through the case- Remember that every moment the court is open there is danger that something may be blurted out that will damage the Government. Let the Judge somewhat brusquely set aside all objections, though every one of these may hold large material for an- appeal. Let what many think are reasonable facilities for secnriug evidence for the defence be refused, and everything be proceeded with as if conviction were a foregone conclusion. Then what follows? A good case is made out on which Kiel's friends and compatriots can say that the criminal has not had a fair trial. The Imperial Govern- ment can be worked upon to bring its influence to bear with Sir John Macdonald. liord Salisbury will never dare to face the country without having first tried all he can to avoid the shedding in British Territory of a surrendered rebel's blood. There will be sent to Sir Jolm Macdonald a communication to the effect that, inasmuch as a large number of Her I'ajesty's subjects are of opinion thatRiel'a trial was unfairly condncted, therefore, it is Her Majesty's earnest wish that thd criminal's life should be spared. Sir John will shelter himself behind Her Majesty, will reprieve Biel, will ' wish to God he could catch him ; ' will point to the Globe in order to prove that he tried very hard to convict Riel, and every Tory politician in the land will be satisfied." As soon as Riel was convicted, the same paper, with many others of the leading organs of that party, were clamoring for his blood. Here are a few extracts from the Globe prior to the execution : " Nothing short of hanging for Riel Mill satisfy the i)eople of this Province. If he does not get that it will be because the pistol has been put to Sir John's ear by French Canadian influence, and this should be a just and sufiicient cause lor Ontario to call a halt and demand a re-construction of the federal ship or a disunion. A French ascendancy is out of the question and not to be endured or tolerated." At another time the Globe said : " The English-speaking people will not much longer submit to French dictation. If Confederation is to be maintained intact, the laws must be inipartially administered irrespective of nationality, color or religion ; neither must one rrovince be allowed to bleed another, as is the case at present. Riel not only shed blood himself, but caused blood to be shed without having the slightest cause to do so. And not to hang such a villain is unpardonable. The demand made in Ontario is not a cry for vengeance, but a demand simply to let the law take its course on a rrotorious malefaci'^." You will observe this quotation says, " caused blood to be shed witlrout having the slightest cause to do so." In October, 1885, it said : " The Globe is not so wholly ignorant of latter-day Toryism as not to know that whatever is done with Riel, not one of those votes which Sir John Macdonald calls his own will be lost to him. Had Riel's plans for rising the Indians succeeded; had his second rebellion deluged the North-AVest with blood as at one time seemed possible; had there been 2,000 instead of 200 victims slaughtered ; had the whole country been laid desolate, we know enough of the unprincipled gang which supports Sir John Macdonald to know that he would not have lost a vote in Parliament." But just .".s soon as the law was allowed to take its course, we find the same paper changing its tone ; it saw a chance of power in the distance, while other papers belonging to the party were as loudly holding np the execution as unjust, murderous and not better than State lynching. I will give an extract again from the GM>e : " To refuse sympathy to our fellow-countrymen in Quebec, to hold that bccanse they wish to punish the Government we will maintain it, would be almost an incredible instar 'a of narrow-minded race prejudice and bigotry." I will confine myself to the Globe here as it is my intention later on to show the oiiinions of this journal and other organs of the party before and after the execution. This rel)ellion took place in a «mall section of the North-West, in the Saskatch- ewan district, on the South branch of the river which bears that name, bearing in ox- tent about a;s miich in proportion to the North West as the County of Glengarry does to the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It contained two-hundred and fifty-eiglit settlers ; among them were many half-breeds, or Metis as they are sometimes called, who had come from the Province of Manitoba, and who had been acquainted with Louis Kiel before he left there after the rebellion of lS()9-70, for the United States, where he had I l>elieve, ever sinne resided, and bad taken the oath of allegiance to that Country. Among these 258 settlers were also some white jieople. The Manitoba balf-breeds had received their lands from the Government while in that Province, but sold them and moved to this part of the North-West, expecting that they would not he known and that they would receive a grant of land there also. Some of the white people who were sjiecnlators and land grabbers in that section were like vultures on their tracks, knowing if they received these lands that they would sell them as they did in Manitoba for a mere trifle. These whites were goading them on and making them believe they were unfairly and unjustly dealt with. Meetings were held by these people and secret organizations instituted, and as Mr. Clarke, Q.C., Council for one of the white men who followed Riel, sail at his trial in addressing the jury " seeing that they had no leader in the Country, in an unfortunate hour had the tempter come to them in the shape of one or two men who had been primed for that purpose, by that man now cast for death, Louis Riel," they determined to send to Montana for him. A deputation was despatched and after little or no solicitation tney returned with their man in July, 1884. Here is an extract from the answer he gave to the deputation, it does not show he wanted much pleading, on the contrary, he was endeavoring to make some excuse for his readiness to come into our country : " To he frank is the shortest. I doubt whtther my advice given to you on this soil concerning affairs on Canadian territory could cross the borders and retain any influ- ence. But here is another view. The Canadian Government owe me two hundred and forty aeres of land according to the thirty-first clause of the Manitoba treaty. They owe me also, five lots, valuable on account of hay, timber and river frontage. These lots were mine according to the different paragraphs of the same thirty-first clause of the above-mentioned Manitoba treaty. It is the Canadian Government which have deprived me, directly or indirectly, of those properties. Besides if they only pay atten- tion to it a minute, they will easily find out that they owe me something else. Tlioso my claims against theni, are such as to hold good, notwithstanding the fact that I have become an American citizen. Considering then your interest and mine, I accept your very kind invitation." Soon after Kiel's arrival in the Country, he set himself up as a man acting under Divine guidance. Charles Nolin, a prominent half-breed and an intimate friend of his, and the Reverend Vital Fourmond in a suit, the Queen v.s. Arcand, et al, Kiel's followers swore as follows : " I Charles Nolin, of the Parish of St. Laurent, district of Saskatchewan, in the North-West Territories, being duly sworn, doth depose and say : " I knew Louis Riel, the leader and promoter of the rebellion. He is a man who wielded a most wonderful influence over the uneducated, credulous and ignorant half- brtied population, so much so, that he did successfully lead them astray, against the remonstrances and advice of their priests, who have always been looked up to by them / Hi u as tlieir truo friomlH, iirotectorH and ^'ui(^e», in all tlioir conccriiK i'runi tlic (nullc to tlic ^;^ave. '• Riel resorted to the most unusual means to flecure an overpoworini.' Indnond- over tlio minds of tlio half-breed people. For instance, to excite a feelinfr of awe in their mindB, and no doubt with u view to making them believe that ho was actind to all kinds of trickery. Often have I seen him praying aloud, prostrating himself in prayer and ordering all the others to do so. Thus he made a deep impression on his poor ignorant dupes and so convinced them of his divine mission that it was impossible to convince them that he was a trickster and would lead them to destruction. Kiel so played on their ignorance that he made them believe in his power to Avork miracles ; they firmly believed this." Having thus set himself up as a being of suijernatural power, his next step Mas to oppose and persecute the clergy, Mho Mere, of course, in his May, and opposed to his selfish designs. He took possession of their churches, holding liis councils and meetings therein. At these gatherings he inflamed the minds of these iieople and made real grievances to appear where none existed. This continued for some time; at last they became restless, presenting grievances and making demands Mhich could not l)o entertained ; and the Government finding that the matter v.as assuming a serious aspect, appointed by an Order-in-Council, dated 2Gth January, 18S5,a commission to go to the North-West, examine into the troubles, and rcdross'gricvances if any existed ; but, before this commission could get there, Kiel precipitated the rebellion, the first collision between himself and the troops taking place 2Gth ^March, 1885. At all his meetings, and while inciting these people to reViel, he Mas in communi- cation with, and had present many of the Indians Mith their chiefs, making them extravagant promises if they Avould join him to " fight the Governmen;, Police." In this he succeeded, for when the real fighting began, the Indians Mere in large numbers among his followers ; besides those, he had at outposts such as Poundmaker, Big Boar, and others, acting under his instructions, destroying and taking the projierties of the HudBon's Bay stores and white people, and murdering them m ithout mercy, irrespective of age, condition or position. 1 to tlic ■L'.> U ,• ' •/•(ir.-: !r.T;;'>": ;; vrrr/;!:'':! "V >1t :xo*t.2ii ' iM This is an otitline of the etents immediately preceding titie outbrMilt of tbu in8mi!noy, and that the proper administration of the Jaw rendered it n«oesBary that he should suflfer the penalty attached to his crime— -for the prsservation of peaee alid order, protection to life and property in that important section of our (>pnntry. . • , . You will remember that I have already said that Uiel left the<'Ountiy idl^TO: and had taken the oath of allegiance in the United Statics. It is therefore evident that he had no genuine claims as a Metis for lands in the North-\N'e8t, without at all taking into account that he had forfeited every right to consideration from the Government, (ot the part he took as leader in the former rebellion. What, then, t<:^k, him ther»V Ti^ answer is obvibus, and vvill be plain to the reader as we proceed. He h«4 inea, M Mr. Clarke said, " primed " to me: tion his name as leader to those people, and matten ** planned" so that he woald come if a deputation were sent for him. I will deviata; tire? A Yns " '...-(- .v. ,•.".,■■ i; ■:'!'-'i '.mi fi'ri ii. i.r- ."'-"•"• -'■''^"''. ■ '^-■.■'. , ' UCef A. XeS. ;.,/... >!t !..■>•:.:.. ;. '''•:', ...,^r :,..:,,.»(.,,;,.,,:; t :-(i ii;-;:'JIl<_nv.: To return to the subject, we ask ourselves w^y he was lb anxious to get' btel^ . again to the countr}'. It was greed, as I have already said. Of this there is am{de proof, i^, I will without any comments, give the following extracts, which every Catholifi of ih» Dominion will believe, from the "Annals of the Propagation of the Faith." These volumes are published in London, and the article I refer to is in the Beptefuber number. They are published with reference to Catholic missions all over the world, under the special charge of the Pbpe, the Cardinals and Archbishops of the ChurdK . The article is pMfaced in these words : " We publish a touching letter on the civil war which ravaged Canada and caijia^d the deaths of two missionaries, the Rev. Fathers Fafard and Marchand." "■'-■' : ^ - -.• , 1 . I ■■;iJ,:il! >Tt »!' 3r t''^' On page 333 the foUowmg occurs : ^ i .. i' -o -":';[' I ^'' ' ■ '^ ■•- t-' -- -i'--~ " About a year ago* some 30 agitators, under pretence that the Government violated their most sacred Tights, frequently assembled secretly in the woods, and beneath the shadow of the gigantic Qrs, hatched their plots and bound themselves b^ oath not to divu^ to any one the object they had in view. Of course we disapproved highly of thesis , secret proceedings, and the consequence was a sudden irritation excited against the. clergy ; the populace accusing us of no longed favoring their interests as we usM to do.. One of the nrst acts of tliese assemblies was to send U> the shores of the Missoiiii, aieioss the Canadian border, in search of the too famous Kiel, the groat chief of the Metis xiibve- ment in 1870, who-sinco that event became an American citizen. " I cannot help feeling a great fear or dread of that man's influence and a heavy fear for the future that awaits us. These fears were only too well justified, poring the six months thaf followed, Itiel continued to deceive tiie publfo and:'elei]aD^'H^ hfs per* inastve wbrds and apparent piety,and played the true wolf in sheep's clothing— the angel of darkness disguised as an angel of light He chose the beautiiul fjaast of St Joseph, the patron given by Monseigneur to the half-castenation, and under pretext of solemn- izing the occasion, and also doing hpnor to the baptism of an Engli^ neophyte, b« as* m / 8 KtimMod tho moHt ilovotoci bt liifl fnchili5(, and wit f{i^'ffi"flhdfl titntt rfom the dny \)o{i^to. On the ctvcnintt of tin? mmc day, in order to hrinj? the iKJople together, and to hiive a pratuxt for mukiu); u trenerul ap])cal to the nation, lie Nprctul a falso reijort overywherw of th« urrival of 500 i>oliL>tt to niiiHHucro the funaiicN, burn tiie houHcnanii hcIko the Inndn. ' Wc niUHt mnrcti out to meet thoni,' lie Hnid. ' If we urti unitiul they will not \Mi able ,t(» Htand BKaioHt UH.' A Inriie nunibt^r, unwilling tolR>Iieve the newH, hh tliey had no other proof of it, rofuHed to revolt, but were sotm forced to take ui) arms, bh they were threattsned with beint; HbotthcniHolveH and liavinj? their farniH pillaKcxI. They ahnoHt all yielded to force ; only Home of them Htandinji firm and braving death. On 8t. JoHeph'H eve, amidnt the durkncHB of night, a proviHional government was proi^luimed, and itM flrHt aet waH a HucrilegiouB ono tlie Hcizun^ of the Chureh of Ht. A ntony at Bat^M'ho, in Hpiti; « tf the earn* eHt protcstutionH of the Kev. Vather Moulin. On Sumlay tho *J2nd Man-h, a fervent and pions half*ea«t, one of the authon^ of tho movement, seeing the bad turn atfairH had taken, rof^Hcd to take i)art in tlu» revolt. On St. .ToHeph'H day, he had preferred to Hul>- ndt to be taken primmer rather than to participate in all the crimeM which innnguratctl it, and which nuwt forever brand thin t<'!rriblo revolution with disgrace. " They were bent on revenge and their vengeance wjw frigbtftii, terrible, truly dia1>olical. I will toll you some of itM i>rinciple workingH. On the 2.'>th March, Kiel in hiH turn aMsembled hiH warmeut itartiHanH in the ^irofaned Church of St. Antony, antl tlie«», in the utidnt of hccuch rivalling each other in absurdity, folly and impiety, h» publicly renounced the Holy (' inrch of Go«l, which was hem^eforth to l)e contemptuous- ly called by him^the Old Wwnan of Hume. Having ])rocl«ime(l his intended mi»«um as » prophet sent from (jo«l to reform religion, the reformer named himself ^aroc/rfr, and hit* i-ouncil the EjoridaL Orders wore given for tho iKtrsecution of the faithful, and e8|)ocially tlie clerg}', and they toro us from our dwellings, ns and our pious, ftiithful companions of Jesus; and plaoed us in a place of seige, and exposed uh to the greatest dangers in the naw presbytery of St Antony at Batoche. We were indicted seveml times before tli« iixtmdat, when?, listt'ning to the impieties and blasphemies of the jRarotvIiif, Bev. Father* Moulin, Vegroville and myself hud to confess and defend our insulted faith, thereby drawing upon ourselves a deluge of outrages and thn^ats, and oxitosing us to tlio fin* of the enomv if wc remain obstinate in refusing to submit to the will of the tyrant .< j,,, : •* Meanwhile " -, And here is a point AvhJch I want you to note, ivs I will draw your attention if) if again. " Met^nwbilc, messages had 1)ecn sent to the |)oor savai^es of tlie prairie, for th« most part obstinate infidels, always discontent w;th th..^ domination of the white man, and asking nothing better than to see the hour of deliverance, if not of vengeani'O, arrive. Barbarism has returned to the l)loody ferocity of its worst days, and in some places, IKurticularly nt Frog I^akV, the whites have Itcen massacred, and with them the mission- aries wlv to b.vve them and prevent the revolt. The latter were the Rev. Fathern F«fard ai ^vhand. Their mission has been biirnod us well as all tho dwellings of the whittfS. The Kev. Father Fourmond gives other accounts of tho cruel treatment to whidi theae poor creatures were subjected, and concludes his letter as foUowe : • •■" ••'••''' " What evils have the folly and hypocrisy of one man heaped' upon otir poor ■ little population. About twenty killed, as many wounded, fires, sackings ; a dark and gloomy picture we have now l)efore our eyes. All is not over yet, either, for about thirty of our unfortunate Cliristians arc jirisonerti of war and await their trial at Rcgina, thw capital of the North- West Territory. Kiel, the JScm'wff, is among the number, and is tim one, it is generally believed, who will sufl'er death in expiation of tlic crimes he has committed and the blood he has caused to be 8he , More than this, tlie priests whose names are appended to the following letter sjieak in no anccrtain sound as to his motive. It reads thus : Prikce Albbkt, June 12th, 1885. ' ... " We, tha priestd of the district most particulariy affected by th? rebellion, to : ■J I i } {. 1. n* ' : I)' I', I 1 "i. •. I! ' : i.'JI I'., !.•..•(/;! ,«'4 tliw midHt of nnr people, that louito 'Dfttid' Uiel had ««fi)^1ifihed ^is hea44Mttieni,,dwire to draw the Attention of yonc frUowvaiit»ym«'n iiiCWilJMWfdlJij^WCtVt. ,. ^i .i V, ChiucIi,)or th« ni9t»l)er4of thfttrnharoh, hbVlhtf'ttadfe'bM^ o^^ niTflfljpjilt 0l^] roblM^^^ iK?^Pil« of thd.bduWtH and conriatotielll'if wbs otir dilty to rei^dofYhom. |i» l)a8<49i^ aU|l|bw in hi» purely fMtilBttttal interest. S^ed : Pbre Andr6, Fleip Totwe, Perft Mpaliu, Pere Fotirtnond. Pere Ve^^reville, Pel« Cecacy, Pfero Fonrmdnd, Cnre of Batbche. BttV in addition to this; I will give C^^w, evidence as to bis ooadiMt Tbd Globe, ih an article pnblished early in 1885, in referring to the grievftncea of which we hear so much, under the heading " Red/essing Griev^ucea by Constitutional Means," said ; " A numbe?" of Metis formed a union and continued for months to act \n concert witli Kiel, whoibe agitation they regarded as quite I6yal and constitytionaV After a time Kiel began to urge that the Indian title to the Nprtli-AVest had never been ex- tinguished. That it was not with the Hudson Bay Company but tvith the Indians, the hali-breeds, and pioneer white settlers to whom the country realJy belonged^ that the Government had to deal. It is believed also that he was bent in claiming from the Government indemnity for personal losseiJi which he had su'istained by the conftscation of property, once belonging to him in Winnipeg, rtnd M-hich has increased enormously in value smce the time of his banishment It is almost certain ,he began .to put forth claima Biuch as the -white settlers could have no sympathy with and the Government could hot for a moment entertain; and, unknown to the English-speaking people, a recent combination was formed to enforce these demands by illegal and violent means. Home say Biel began to use stronger language, in hopes that he might be arrested on insufficient grounds, and then excite public sympathy in behalf of himself and the movement of which he was the leader." The Olobe further said on the 20th March, 1885: "Louis Kiel, the hero of the Red River Rebellion, recently exiled from Manitoba, has created dissension among the half- breeds. An attack is imminent" Still further on we find the Otobe say in August, 1885 : ,( , ,. j » , "The moment Kiel's letter to Major Crozier was put in evidence, it became dea* that the prisoiMr had not on>y been participator in, but the int'tigator and leading mind of the rebellion. No shadow of doubt remained that he was guilty as chargied in the indictment The testimony that followed only deepened the cttrtainty of his gnilt" Further, proof can be given of a character that cannot bo for a moment doubted It is an extract from the evidence given at Kiel's trial by the Rev. Father Ahdr^ and this is the Priest who attended spiritually to Kiel during his confinement and on the scaffold. Father Andr^ was a witness Called on his behalf. His evdence on. cross. e;iam- illation by Mr. Casgrain was as follows : ''"^ '.. /' , '..'/... ^r;,. "Q. I believe in the month of December, 1884, you had an interview with Riel and Nolin, with regard to a certain sum of mone^ which the prisoner claimed from the Federal Government 7 A. Not with Nolin. Nohn was not present si the interview. " Q.Th« prisoner was there? A. Yes. Q. Will you please state what the prisoner asked of the Federal Government? A. I had two interviews with the prisoner on that subject Q, The prisoner claimed a certain indemnity from the Federal Government, didn't he 7 A. When the prisoner made his claim I was there with another gentleihan« and he Asked from the Government $100,000. We thought this was exorbitant, and tho prisoner said * Wait a little ; I will take at once $35,000 cash. Q. And on that condition the prisoner was to leave the country if tho Govern* ment gave him the $35,000 ? A. Yes, that was the condition he put Q. When was this ? A. This was on the 23rd December, 1884. Q. There was also another interview between you and the prisoner? A. There has been about twenty interviews between lis. Q. He was always after you to ask yor> to use 3/our influence with the Federal Government to obtain this indemnity? A. The first time he epuke of it was on the ■,!'■ ri'll *•«'• '.^ '■■ .(t, ■''>' •■»-»<•» # 10 IMk OiOiakbAt. U* h«4 tm^t ipoken • word tbout it befor«, and 09 th» 28rd (^ Debi«adq«aatlbraad qnaatida wenld taaaani fha aame, and he aatd, in anawer to tbnt: ' If I am aatiafled the balf-hraada will ' Q. la it not a Cact he told you he would even accept a leas aum than the $86,000 ? A. Yea. Ha.aaid : 'Uae all the influence you can: you may not get all that, but get all you can, and if you get lesa we will see." The above is coirobated, if even such were necessary, by Charles NoHn, awltneaa^ also at Riel's trial. This was his testimony : "In the beginning of December, 1884, he began to show a desire to have money he spdce to me about it first, I think.'* " Q. How much did he say he wanted ? The first time he spoke of money I think he said he wanted $10,000 or $15,000. Q, From whom would he get the money 7 A. The first time he spoke about it he did not know any particular plan to get it : at the same time, he told me that he wanted to claim an Indemnity from the Canadian Government He said that the Can* adian Government owed him about $100,000, and then the question arose who the per^ sons were whom he would have to talk to the Government about the indemnity. Some time after that the prisoner told me that he had an interview with Father Andrd. who told him he would use his infi'rence with the Government to obtain for him $35,000. Q. What did he tell you ? A. He said if he got the money he wanted from the Government, he said he would go wherever the Government wished to send him. He had told that to Father Andr£." The venerable priest of St Patricl;,'s Montreal, Father Dowd, at the conclusion of his sermon on Sunday the 22nd Nov. 1885, gave his congregation some excellent advice regarding the present agitation of the French Canadians. The advice he was about to give them, he said, was tendered only after great and matured eliberation. It waS' unnecessary for him to tell them that he was no politician, and consequently was not moved by political influence. He had enjoyed, he said, the privilege of a personal interview ^ith Mgr. Grandin, fiishop of the North- West Territories, the*8cene of the late rebellion. .From his Lordship's own lips he had heard the recital of all the atrocities that had been committed by the pagan Indians and the easily deceived half*hreeds, urged on by a bad and unscrupulous man ; how four missionaries had been massacred almost imder his Lordship's eyes ; how the half-breeds had been led not only to revolt against the Government, but under their wicked leader had been induced to abandon their faith and turn their baclcs on the devoted clergy to follow a leader who wished to* set aside the Pope and the Church and all authority, ecclesiastical and civil. Much more could be given but the above establishes as clearly as it possibly can be shewn that Biel's sole object in his " priming " to be invited to the country as leader of the Metis and his subsequent conduct in inciting them to take up arms against the Government was a selfish one, he cared not to better the condition of the Metis, Oh ! no. He was the Metis, and it is clear he did not wish to await the arrival of tiie Government Commission to investigate the matter, for no one knew better than he that none existed, either with himself or with the Metis of that district, and a constitutional peaceftil means of settlement of grievances was not what he wanted, it was money and truthfully he said " If I am satisfied the half-breeds will be." In order that I ma? present to you in a plain manner, and in a way that no one can fail to see it, I will reduce all the charges made against the Government by Mr. Blake, Mr. Laurier and their friends in connection with the " Biel.cry '^ under the follow* 1 . s 11 n tl .- >i "^ Vt ,.( >^A<'^\.■ nn "ff'.' 11 ( ^f rag he*dt, ftnd X flAttM m^Mlf that each ehtrgA will b« atioeeuAiUy uurveMd •• ( Uk« it op: rha flntone ifl thatof th« grleTanoes of the halPbneda in regud to th« muuier intwhleh they had been tieitted by the Goremment, implying » Joetifloation for th» fwbeUioB. ^JM Moond, that the ooort that tried Biel had no Jnriadletion to do to. and that he had an unfair triaL The third, that no political offender had auflbred death nnder the Britiah Crowp for eome fifty years. •• And fourthly, that Rial was insane and not accountable for his acts. Now as regards the first, it will be necessary to explain what the half-breeds " " Gabrid iHiinont, MoTaeHonoi^. Xatier Batoche, uyjii Napoldon Neault , Zfiphrin Dumas, .t.,. - TbC'OpWlsjG^^lfl^* yriT It will thus be seen that of the 47 subscribers to the first, 37 had received 1i&i4«''" in Mi^nitqba, whilB of ,^hB remiaiiling 10, iilfhCwew-unabW to prove theirnl^^iliis. "' '^ In tW second • atition there were 32 subscribers, their names fce^iig' " ' William. Bremner, ji^n., MauhieLepihei ' Octave Regnier, Bte. Boucher, • : ^o^ 'i Wilham Bremner, . , John OuellelteV '' "" Chs. liavall^ •• : I 'f'i Isidore Dumas, Jam^fi Short,, Ambrois^ 'Dutnont, Eug^n« Boucher, IvL. L©tendr*,nfir.!!«''7^< Wm. Letendre, Wm. Swain. Elsdar Swain, Willie Bruce, Ant Richard, Isidore Boyer, Solomon Boucher, c^''^' J. B. Boucher, jQn,j ov* '» L. Schmidt, ^ Jos. Dumns, ...;.'K- >.' iiii Of the aboT^ the follbwing received Land or Scrip in Mi^^iioba :— k Hennr SniitH, ' 7«*-f ©f^*^' Chs. Nolin^;: : ''A ft • ma>> •; Aladel^gaii6,,, . -. ,,„i ' NorbouTtTbtittjbtte,' "'^ ; Solomon l^mreottet ?fo7 * Moaest(9,Xiavio}{^tt9, fyjf a):^ Moi49 ^t'• Jonak'Ii*viite«t«^ '' •'» *""" Alex, Bwrnnor,— ?32» JjiiU .?* f' oo<.>'^ no w;>t' Wilham BMmiier; jlin., Bte. Boucher, :.;; j '. William Bremner, ;>4.(i h; Chas. Ijavell4e, . »„ Isidore Dumas, ,' ' James Shiwrt, ' "' '^'' AmbroisQ Dumont^v/ iii Henry ^ith, ^r • •' ► Jiit-i5 1 a Tii; !'.(■■ T 'ir Solqmon Boucher> J. B. Boucher, jun., ,^,,... Ijonis Schmidt, " . ^ Jos. Domas, tv :ni.i Modeste liavio)etti9,i,i >:><':! ' Moi'se BTemner,:!![ ^po ci Josepljh Bremner, . ,.,- , Alex. Bremner.-^24. " 1 (n'! " IT" Chs. Nolin^ NorbertTiJrWest faalfrbrfl«ds« Of that 92 per cent., thbs^ whp were half-breeds had participated in all the rigbtsi accorded those people in thie^ Province of Manitoba. i "4th. That not one settler in the district had an acre of land sold over his head to which he had any cmipx, or bad even preferred one. "5th. That th« timber dues were not onerous, amounting only tO tnjeijity'^vo cents per settler per annum. '' .' ; ? „ ., ; ' , ', » " 0th. Tliat the hay permit question never affected them in the remotest degree- -''f^^'immm'tkrntH a r»i)-; \5:- '■■' 15 :v I will follow thiH i»rof»f ])▼ what Futlicr Andre swore at lliel's trial. ,-n'M. 'Atik • "Q. Will yotl «tat« if nince the arrival of the priHoner in tli« i-ountry up to tlio time of the rebellkin, the (iovernment Ikih made any favorable answer to the denutndx of the half-hrejd.*? A. Ych, I know that they have ac«*eded to certain demandH in fpparfl tothose wlio diil not have juiy scrip in 'Manitoba. A telejyram wuh sent on th* 4th of jKrtft'h laSt, iirantintic the scriii. .^''(^.',, Before that time? A. Yes, re«rurdintr the alteration of the Hur>'ey of lots nnOmfivef, there was an answer from the liovernmerit sayiny; they woukl prantit, and thjj* was an important question. t " Q. AVhat question then remained to he settled ? A. 'Hie question of patents, that has Ix'en settled also in a certain way, Inscanso ]klr. Duck Wiis sent and I went with liim as interpreter. .'inm " ^l" ^^l*"* other question remained? A. Only the question of wood, timlwr. Thefle ouifht to be nclu8ive, but I will give further, what Father McWilliam, a. priest who lives in the »lim*«e of Kinjrston, who went uj* to that country durin<{ tlav summer of 1886, and who, as an observing, shrewd <;entleman, obtained information which led him -to 8tnt(% when int4>Tviewn of (.'anadiu You are probably awan^ that the immitrrants tc» the North-Wost are totally itinerant of the country and live in mental terror of tite noble red man, and the half* breed is next door to an Indian. Well, then, the i^apitalists siiein;j; their fortune was- not aocumulating as fast as they desired, incited tlu^ poor people who had looked up't4> them to rebellion, in hopes that they «»ulelieved himself U.) lat thu King of Heaven and earth, with i)ower to disjKiHe of the whole world, and sitcakin>jr aa a prophet out of CSout .thesiv . troubles. He said when iiskeil tw to the autlK)r of the >'orth-WeHt insurrection, »& follows : " Who is tJte author of the Xorth-West troubles? It is Louis Kiel, and, as he is the autltor of thein, it is he alone who deserves to be ])unishod. If, like meVyon hml followed the steps and studied the hyijocrisy, the cunning and secret arts that Kiel h jus used to deceive and seduce thetie jieople and drag them into n>1)ellion, Mhether tliey would or not, you would, as I do,castui)on that cruel and tyrannical man, all the blame of that revolt, Kiel ntaae use of their religion ; he made use of their ignorance, of their simplicity, touching every sensitive corti, to make them the dui»es of his ambition. " There arc pt^rsous who say that Itiel is mad, but the. more his conduct is exam- ined, tlic stronger must l)e the conviction that, that nefariotis man, umlcr the apj)car« ance of madness, jjreserves the plentitudo ot bis reason. All his jtlans have a se«iuencc :;nd a directness which show a fixed pur{H»se to attain his end, and at the same time to escape the gallows if his criminal undertaking shoukl fail. Itiel must lM>ar all the rcsixmsibility of this relwllion. lie alone is to blame for all the calamities that haT ia ■ : ltD\'n ^iuv»!;? ^^t-'. :«"''■•< .•.sK'Tt),' • -'I ttmn'^"^ ''■' >" ■ lii'^ii- it I • < ..... ,;•:' '',..1 i 1 ■: ,i'.wl •■•■'] •■•','.•;;! -I ■ • .. ; tLS fieform ranks, ttr» q^ itfhoai voted against Mr. Blake on the Itiel qoest^on : and yoti will observe, that although they supposed there was a fault 'somewhere, which we of coarse deny, but admitting there was, they do not justify the rebellion. The Hon. Alexander MeKenzie, said in the House in 1885, and I think during the time the rebellion was going on, that " He did not allege that as a justifleation for succeeding events, because he considered that no mere actor fiault of the Qovem* ment of the day, could have Justified the insurrection and its consequences." Sir Bichard Cartwright said, in a spooch delivered by him in Orillia, on Dec 17th, 1886 : " But to s^ rebellion is justified, is a very dififorent thing. A rebellion may be excused; and partieawho goad unfortunate, ignorant men into rebellion, ought to be punished. But that is » wholly difierent tiling Arom justifying a rebellion; and least of all, can I undertake to justify rebellion in an Indian country, where, as I have said, an enormons number of our countrymen and countrywomen would have been exposed to all the horrors of a savage war, if that rebellion had spread." t iti fmy r-i''-'** ^'■■'•■■"i Mr. Gigault, M.P. for Bouville, in Quebec, and this is an important: ildtiieBV, sadd : ** I say that I do not approve of this rebellion because I think that the serious grievances of which the half-breed had to complain, were not such as to justify a rebellion." ' Mr. Fitzpatrick, Biel's counsel, said to a reporter of the New York Herald^ who interviewed him in England in connection with this case : ** There was no justification for the rebellion." I could go on multiplying proofis, but I have given enough to satisfy any man open to conviction that there were no real grievances. That the Qovemment had done all that could be expected, they bad granted them the surveys as they waited it done ^ they had given Scrips to those entitled to receive them, as you have seen by the. Bev. Fattier Andre's testimony. A telegram was sent on the 4th Marcb, from the Govern- ment, granting the Scrip ; this was twenty-two days before the fir^t shot was fired as I have already said, which was at Duck Lake on the 28th March. Now I ask what can be more clearly proved than that, there was nothing left for these men to complain of, and that the whole trouble was brought about by the selfish designs of Louis BieL This is my answer to the first charge. I will proceed now to take up charge No. 2, as to the jurisdicU-jn of the court and fairness of the trial : The court was established under the Mackensie Government, and I suppose Mr.*^' Blake, who was at least a part ef the time Minister of Justice in that Government, ought to know something of the Bill, it therefore does not become the friends of these gentlemen to cry down a court of their own making. . I will give the words of Sir Alex- ander Campbell, who was Minister of Justice at the time of Biel's trial, as they are much abler and so much better authority than anything I can offer. I will ask a careful perusal of them. They are given in a memo, the Queen v.$. Biel, and reads as follows : " It should be sufficient to say that the legality of the tribunal by which he was tried had been affirmed by the Privy Council, the highest court in the Empire, and has seemed to them so clear that the eminent counsel who represented the prisoner could not advance arguments against it which were thought even to require an answer. " It has Men said thi^ a jury composed <^ six onlv, and the absence of a grand iury, are features so inconsistent with the rights of British subjectH that the prisoner bad still ground for complaint j but, as was pointed out in the Privy Council, the same crime may be tried elsewhere m the British Empire, notably in India, without any jury, either grand or petty, and this mode of trial has been sanctioned by the Imperial Parliament " It is to be observed also, that the offence was tried in the country in whidi it was committed, under the law as it then existed and had existed for years, and that this is a course of which no offender can fairly comphun, while it is a right to which every criminal is entitled. " Of the eompetency of the court, which has been affirmed by the full court in Manitoba, the Government saw no reason to entertain doubt ; but having regard to 1»^ .1 O.-J I ' •'.iSIt' the exceptional character oC tli« case, the xisitti course was departed from in t?»e prisoner's favor, and a respite ^-us granted, to enable him to apjjly to the ultimate tribunal in England, and thus to take advantj^ge to the very utmost of every right which the law could afford him. "The fairness of the trial has not been rtispntcd by the prisoner's counsel, nor challenged either before ihe Court of Appeal in Manitoba or the Privy Council. It has, on the contrary, been admitted, not tactily alone by this ommission but expressly and publicy. It may be well, however, to state shortly the facts, which show how the duty whii^h the Government fully acknowledged both to the public and the prisoner has been fulfilled. " It was most desirable not only to ensure the impartial conduct of the trial, which would hiive l)een done by the appointment of any barrister of known standing, but to satisfy the public tliat this had been effected ; and in view of this the prosecution was entrusted to two loading counsels in Ontario, known to be in sympathy with different political parties. Witli tlicni was associated a French advocate of standing and ability in Quebec, and the personal presence and assistance of the Deputy Minister of .lustice was given to them throughout the proceedings. " The procedure adopted and the course taken at !he trial, will show that every iipportunity for tiie fullest defence was allbrdcd : and it is needless to add, what is well- irevious, the Crown counsel pointed out that these medidal Avitnesses, as well as some others in the North- West Territories who were wanted, could all be got within a week ; and they offered not only to consent to an adjournment fur that time, but to join with the prisoner's counsel in procuring their attendance, and to jjay tlieir e.rpens98. " The counsel for the prisoner accepted this offer, which the presiding judge said was a rea.sonable one, and the trial was adjourned until the 28tli. In the meantime the witnesses were procured. They were present and were examined for the prisoner, , and thiir expenses were paid by titc Crovrn, the medical gentlemen beini; remunerated as experts at the same rate as those called for the prosecution. " A good deal," he remarked, " has been said about the jury being comiwsed ♦"tfsix bnly. • There is no general law which says that a jury shall invariably consist' of twelve, or of any particular number. In Manitoba, in civil cases, the jury is com-, posed of twelve, but nine can find a verdict. In the North- NVest Territories Act, the Act itself declares that the jury shall consist of six, aiul this was the immber of the jury in this instance. AVould the stipendiary magistrate have boen justified in em,pannelling twelve, when the Statute directs him to empannel six only?" ^ * To this the reader can only apply one moaning, viz., that fairness and justice prevailed, but wo proceed : I will add to this the evidence of Reform jiapers, what lliel's connsd said of the 4'otnrt, and what Kiel himself said : The Hamilton Tim/'s of 3rd August, 1885, .said: The jury at lieginu liasfrKind liotiis Riel gtiilty of treason. The trial wo believe was a fair one, there was abundant •videnoe that Riel headed an insurrection against the Government, which was only , suppressed with loss of life and destruction of property. The jury could ivot on the fao© ^ f>f that evidence, find him innocent of vhe crime charged to him. ' Tlte London Advertisfr Raid on September 19th, 1885 : No one cmu maintain that Riel was not properly nvictod iipon the evidence submitted. < Tlw Winnipeg Free /VfM said : Riel was fairly tried, deservedly <-o)idenuieJ, •.>uBtly executed. There is no cause to regret his fate ; no patriotic Canadian should regret it ; it would have boen a gross insult to the laws of our TOUntry to >»ave i)ermit^ f*4 bim toMcape condign ptmiahment i.- Mr. Fitzpatrick, one of the lawyers who defended liiel-, said in a speech on Papi 'iieaii Square, in Montreal, /' It was unfair to arraign before the tribunal of public, opinion tlic judge and jury who tried Rielj they were simply the instance of the law, and it was found in the Statute Book. The law was passed by our own tepresentatives, and we were responsible for the iniquitous portions of it. Kiel himself said in his speech to the court at his trial : " Bless also tlie lawyers for the Crown, because tfaey have done I am sure what they thought their duty. They have shown me favors which at first I did not expect from them." ;. , ; Mr. Christopher Robinson, Q.C. said at Begina at the trial of Riel : ' ' ' " All those witnesses who are in this country can be got in a week just as well as in a month or a year. The Crown will do more. The Crown will ioin with my learned friend in telegraphing to those three gentlemen who are at Qnebec, and those three gentlemen who are at Prince Albert I desire that to come from the Crown as well.as &om them, and the Crown will pay their expenses. . Mr. Fitzpatrick to the Justice : rv -s ' ' ■ : f i 'i'Tr" i " I read the Order in Council as conferring very limited powers. However, that difficulty is all obviated by the offer made by the Crown." We also read that after the trial : -:!'.!i ;i" "The counsel for the defence, Messrs. Fitzpatrick, Lemieux and Greenshields, waited on Jud(|e Richardson before they went East, and thanked him for the fairness and consideration which had characterised his rulings." It was stated by the French speaker at the Reform Convention, held in Alex* audria, last month, that the jury was composed of six Protestants, of this there is no evidence from any authentic source that I have been able to lay my hands on, nor should it matter what th« religion of these men were, any more than it would in one of our courts in Ontario. What ought to be looked at, and what I have no doubt was care- fiiUy watched, was that good competent men would be selected. That all these men were that, we must believe, as Aot a word has been said against one of them. But the insinu- ation that they were Protestants is for a base purpose, because they dare not say that the verdict of the jury was not according to the evidence. This, therefore, makes this low attempt to use a religious cry all the more dishonest and unworthy of the countenance of any single intelligeiit elector in this county. By refereni-e to the report of the trial as published in tlie parliamentary records, I find that thirty-six men were summoned to the court to attend as jurymen. Out of this number twelve had been drawn by ballot, five objected to by the counsel for the prisoner, and one by the counsel for the Crown, before the necessary number was obtained. Nothing could have been fairer, and I defy any man to show that the jury could have as honest men done anything else than from the evidence bring Louis Riel in guilty. More evidenite as to the jurisdiction of the court and fairness of the trial can be given from extracts of tl»e reports of the three judges of the Superior Court of Manitoba^, , i)efore w hou» the case was tried in appeal ; but, as I [prefer giving them when dealing with the question of insanity, I will defer them for the present, feeling that what they say, with what I have already given, and the fact that Her Majesty's Privy Council in England established the jurisdiction of the court and fairness of the trial, have satiflr faCtorily met charge No. 2> Having disposed of charge No. 2, it will be in order to take.up the third, in which it is pleaded that no political offender has received capital punishment for the last fifty years or so. To this, I answer that the case ef Louis Riel is different from any I have any knowledge of in British history for that period. In the first place, he could not Ije treated as a man wJjo was prompted by honesi and patriotic motives, and, therefore, not a political offender. On the contrary, it was shown, and I think I hare •hown y wi, tliat his h\iu was to extract money out of the Government, and that there *ti,. .M- 4.^!o,: ,,i,.u.>. ^>-»'i^*w^ '"i!»^ *>"^^" ^^»^'^'' '■■'"'"' '/» I' L If was no justification for his leading the half-breeds to rel)ell:ou. 8ir Alexander Campbell, in his able paper says : ^ " It has been nrged that the prisoner's crime was a political one, inspired by political motives alone ; that a rebellion prompted only for the redress ot alleged political g/ievances, differs widely from an ordinary crime, and that however erroneous may be the judgment of its leader, in endeavo/ing to redress the supposed wrongs of others, he is entitled, at least, to be regarded as unselfish, and as in his own view, patriotic. ** This ground has been most earnestly considered, but the Government has been anable to recognize in the prisoner a political offender only, or to see that upon the evidence there can be any doubt that his motives were mainly selfish. On the contrary, it seems plain that he was willing at any moment, for the sake of gain, to desert his deluded followers, and to abandon his efforts for the redress of their alleged grievances, if, under cover of them, ho could have obtained satisfaction for his own personal money demands." Besides this, this was Kiel's second ofi'ehco of tlie same kind, having headed a former rebellion m 1869-'70, in wliich he had done much injury to life and property ; and caused the brutal, cold-blooded and unnecessary murder of Thomas Scott, for] whom the Hon. Mr. Blake had great sympathy, and asked that a reward of $5,000 be granted to apprehend Kiel, when he moved in the Ontario legislature where he had a seat, on the ' 3rd of February, 1871 : i h'r.;;.,; • ';• ; ■ j. :^r. ,- ■?-''•;" ;•,'■■ " That the cold-blooded murder (for his outspoken loyalty to the Queen) of Tliomas Scott, lately a resident of this Province, and an emigrant thence to tlie North- West, has impressed this House with a ffeeling of sorrow and indignation, and in the •pinion of this House, every effort should be made to bring to trial the perpretrators of this great crime, who a« yet go unwhipt of justice." His motives may have been then honest, but thay have very much ehanged when we recall his speech and vote in the Commons on the Kiel question, we also find his lieutenants, for whom he and the party are responsible, sympathising with and con>> gratnlating his liovge Nationalist Ariends in Quebec, upon vietories won at the polls en this " Kiel cry." After the election in Chambly, Mr. Prefont«Jnei the Ki«iite candidate, received the following telegram, congratulating him upon his success : , . - " Toronto, 30th July, 1880. " The Lil)erals of Toronto congratulate you on ronr splendid victory. Welcome to oar iaoUeague. This Mr. Prefontaine,' moreover, is no less a i^ersonoge than tlie I^sident of the Dominion Young Men's Liberal Association. But, then again, what did the leader of the Lil)eral Party in Ontario do when the intelligence was received of the defeat of the Ross Government? Ho sent the following significant dispatch to Hen. Mr. Mereier in Montreal " To the ffou. M, MereUr, M.P.P., 88 Berri IStreet : '" *>' ''^'J""" ^ "''T '•* " " PBN'ETAKOfiHHENK, 0»t., October 16. — Have jtist rwcciviMl l.cre tlie joyful now« of ywir great triumph. I congratulate you and all our friends on your im))ortaut victory ; may your Premiership be along ooe and full of advantage to your province and the Dominion, and of honor to yourselfl . ■ ■ . ; "'*"* a MoWAT, Prime Minister of Ontaria" ; Moreover, Ricl incited and aroused the wild Indians, a crime the most heinous in the eyes of every civilized country, to a " war of extermination," as he himself called it ; massacreing and butchering our fallow-countrymen without mercy. I will recall to your memories that dreadful tragedy at Frog Lake, and give the following summary account of that sad event, as furnished by Father Logoff, a missionary in the Nortli- West since 1800, who at the time of the outbreak was stationed in the vicinity of that place, be said : 1 ■ "The tragedy occured on the morning of Good Friday— the day before thoGrees under Miserable Man and Wandering Spirit had received word of engagement at Duck; Ijake, where the police under Major Crozier, with Prince Albert Volunteew "were forced to retreat after losing ten or twelve men. They spent the night before the holiday in celebrating that victory. They had been told by Kierg messengers that the Americana! | were about to invade the North-West, that the Canadians Were to be driven out and ' the land parcelled among the Metis and the Indians. Accordingly they armed themselves during the night, and before daylight one hundred and fifty warriors in foil paint, entered the little hamlet at Frog Lake, plundered the stores and made prisoneni* of the inhabitants. Father Farfard, who, with hiscolleague, Father Marchand, was going to hold the usual Good Friday service in the Mission Church, was attacked very early in the morning, by one of the savages, who struck him a heavy blow in the face with *' whip, which blackened his eye. The priests proceeded to the church, however, and liegan the service. The Crees crowded in with their guns in their hands, having evidently made up their minds to massacre the whites. They liecame extremly noisy, and Father Farfard stood up and begged them at any rate to respect the Church. But his appeal only rendered them more insolent. lie again besought them to let the ser- vice proceed, but they kept up aterriffic din throughout. After the service, the whites^ including the priest, went to Delaney's house fr-r breakfast, but the Indians soon order- ed them to set out for their camp, which was about a mile off on the lake shore. The two priests led the way, breviary in hand, well knowing that they were marching to death. Quinn, the Indian agent, who was in the rear, refused to follow, and he was uhot dead. Thereupon AVanuering Spirit gave the word to slaughter all hands. After Quinn, Charles Goum, the carpenter, was shot and wounded at Johnny Pritchard's door, and finished by Miserable Man. The two priests had hastened back on hearing the shooting, and as they neared thu In Jians they fell on their knees desiring to die in that position. But just then Delany was shot down under the eyes of his wife, and Father Farfard rose and ran over to him to hear his confession and prepare him for death according to the Catholic rite. A shower of bullets, however, put an end to Delaney's Bufferings, and the priest who was kneeling over him, fell mortally wounded by his side. An Indian whom he had always befriended rushf 1 up and finished him. Father Marchand, who was about one hundred paces away, theu ran through a storm of bullets waving his hand to Mrs. Delany and Mrs. Gowanlock, in order to ward them back. A bullet entered his head and he fell backwards, dead, his breviary falling out of his hand beside him. Almost at the same instant, the man, Willis Craft, a lay brotherj was shot on the top of a hillock a few yards away, and then Gillchrist, Gowanlock's hired man, and Dill, the trader, were butchered, (jowanlock had been slaughtered about the time Delaney and Father Fafard were disposed of. Father Legoff some time afterwards re- covered the priests' brevaries and also their crosses. The crosses and brevaries were stained in biood. The bodies of the victims were stripped. The Indians then fired the little library attached to the priests' house, first, tearmg many of their books to pieces. They then entered the church, broke open the altar, and taking out the Host scattered it on the altar platform. Having guttea the church they fired it also and held a dance about the burning pile. All the other buildings in the settlement, with the exception of ttie Hudson Bay store, were also set on fire, and leaving the bodies of their victims an- buried, the Indians carried off the two white women and Mr. Cameron, of the lludson Bay store, and had a great feast." , V ' Here is a letter of Kiel's produced at the trial, which speaks for itself. "' ■'"-*' <* To Major Crozier, Commandant of the Police Force at Carlton and Battleford : ' ' "Major, — The Councillors of the Provisional Govemmejitof the Saskatchewaoi have the honor to communicate to vou the following conditions of surrender :-^Yon will be required to give up completely the situation which the Canadian Government have placed you in, atCarleton and Battleford, together with all QoTertiment properties. " In case of non-acceptance, we intend to attack yop, when to-paorrow, the Lord's -Day, is over; and to commence without delay a war vf eatammotton upon all those who have shown themsehns^ hMtlle to our rights. " Messr «. Charles an^ ^«>^^ni^ Lepine i^re tlie gentlemen with whom you wilt have to treat " ' — — - — • -'— ■ - — B^n6 Parenteau, Cltairmaii Cha«. Nolin, v - .a Gab» Dumont, . ' U- 'i • ' ' Molse Qoellette, Albert .Monkmao , Bte. Boyer, • ) lii •uU a: •* LOma 'tPAV^JJ ' RIEL, BttJtitde.^ Donald Ross, Maxis^ Lepine, .Tein>BHi^BtB PafentetMi, DatidT6t;irond, > -v.i, , , ... PiwfiiHanfry, ;:.'(/■! \d bw.Uii-Pb.. 0«nib«, Seentary.'^ W-lmu^^ ., Albertjplorme, i ' '■'^'^'f Dam. Carrier*, Itiv. Avthoky, 2l8t March, 1886. '.•o*!m :«!»i,m :.ii 1» I'Jl To this I may be permittod to add the words of Sir Alexander Campbell whila treating with thii part of Kiel's ^condact! r, , , > r ., • " But if an unselfish desire could be credited to the prisoner to redress political wrongs even by armed rebellion, it would at least have been necessary to aisprove- the charge which hes against him, that in his own mind the claims of humanity had no place, but that he was prepared to carry out his designs by bringing upon au unoffendmg people all the horrors of an Indian rising with the outrages and astrocities which, as lie knew full well, must inevitably accompany it. Thut this cannot be disproved, but that it is beyond all dispute true, the evidence makes plain. " From the beginning, even before Duck Lake, he was found in company with Indians armed, and to the end he availed himself of their assistance. " In that engagement, the first occasion of bloodshed, according to the evidence of the witnesses, Astley,- lioss, and William Tomkina, the Indians composed a largo portion of his force — one-third, or thereabouts. *' In a letter found in the camp of Poundmaker, an Indian Chief, in the prisoner's handwriting, and signed by him, after describing in most exaggerated language what is termed their victory at Duck Lake, it said : " Praise G'wl for the success He has given us. Capture all the police you possibly can. Preserve their arms. Take Fort Battle, but save the provisions, munitions and arms. IScnd a detachment to ut ■of at least one hundred men." ' ' In a draft letter, also in liis handwriting, and proved at the trial, addressed to the French and English Mdtis from Battle liiver to Fort Pitt, the following expressions are found : " Wo will help you to take Fort Battle and Fort Pitt * " •■ Try and have the news which we send to you conveyed as soon as jjossiblo to the Metis and Indians of Fort Pitt. Tell them to be on their guard; to prepare themselves for every- thing. * * * fdjig ,,,7/t yoy ijig Indians; gather them together everywhere. Take all the ammunition you can, in whatever stores they may be. Murmur, growl and threaten. liousc up the Indians." ,' I will give a letter addressed by Poundmaker ai;d others to Louis Kiel, dated Cut Knife, April 29th, 1885, it reads as follows: ,• . , ^ " To Mr. Louis Kiel : -^ > • • ■_ " I want to hear news of the progress of God's work. If any event has occurred since your messengers cjune away, let me know of it. Tell me the date when the Americans will reach tlic Canadian Pacific Railway. Tell me all the news that you have heard from all places where your work is in progress. Big Bear has finished liLs work; he has taken Fort PiW, ' If yon want me to come to you let me know at once,* he said, and I sent for him at once. ' I will be four days on the road. Tliose who have gone to see him will sleep twice on the road. They took twenty prisoners, including the master of Fort Pitt. They killed eleven men, including the agent, two jjriests and six white men. Wo arp cainjjed on the creek just below Cut Knife Hill, waiting for B^ Bear. The Blackfeet have killed sixty police at the Elbow. A half-breed who interpreted for the jiolice, having survived the fight, though wounded, brought this news. Here we have killed six white men. We have not taken the barracks yet, but that is the only entire Building in Battleford. All the cattle and horses in the vicinity we have taken. We have lost one man, a Nes Perc6, killed, he being alone,, and ono wounded. Some soldiers have come from Swift Current, but I don't know their number. We have here guns and rifles of all sorts, but ammunition for them is short. If it be ?>ssible, send us ammunition of various kinds. We are weak only for the want of that, ou sent word that you would come to Blattleford when you had finished your work at Duck Lake. We wait still for you, as we are unable to take the fort without help. If you send us news, send only one mf'ssenger. We are impatient to reach you. It would encourage us much to see you, and make us work more heartily. Up to the present everything has gone well with us, but we are constantly expecting the soldiers to visit us here. We trust that God will be as kind to us in the future as he has been in the past We, the undersigned, send greeting to you all. (Si^ed), :^' tiii n ni i*nA->- *i va ' • •■'• ' ■ '.■•'/i.i <>.ft>rj Ifei'C') "^v ■■':l W' ^-mrmm I i -.1' , McKay, another witness, also said : " He, Kiel, became very excited and said .' ' Yon don't know what we are after^ i it is blood ! blood I Wo want blood I Jt is a uxtr of externrnatUm. Eterybody that 3a against us is to be driven out of the country. There were t\fo curses In the country, the Government and the Hudson Bay Company.' " Q. Yes ?— A. He turned to me and said I was a traitor to his Government. That I was a speculator and a scoundrel and robber and thief, and 1 don't know what all. "Q. He used very violent language to you?— A. Yes. He finallv said it WM blood, and the first Mood they wanted was mine. There were some little dishes on thd table, and he got hold of a spoon and said : ' You have no blood, you are a traitor to your jM'ople ; your blood is frozen, and all the little blood you have will be there in five minuti's,' putting the spoon up to my face and pointing to it." ,^jj Same witness said as to Nolin and Beyer when they refused to take up arms : " Q. What was the chief event of that day as far as you can remember ? — A* He was lu'iving orders to go and take William Boyer and Charles Nolin prisoners. " icl. Did you hear him say why they were to be taken prisoner?— A. Because they would not take up arms. " Q. Did he say anything about because they had been movers up to that time ?< — A. Because they had been movers, and had left it at the time of taking up arms. " Q. Was iNolin tried ? — A. About his trial I cannot say exactly, I heard Kiel saying h« ought to be shot or that they should shoot him. , ,, " Q. You understood Nolin and Boyer were to be shot? — A. Yes, both of them. • " Q. And because they would not join tlie movement in taking up arms? — A. In not taking up arras." But I will go further, and quote what the Globe said on the 4th August, 1885 : ''' "The trial for which Kiel has been convicted is one of the most dreadful that can he imajjined. It has cost the lives of two hundred Canadians, and has caused th« cruel maiming and crippling of probably twice that number. Had his efforts to incite an Indian rising been more successful, the white residents in the Nort-West would, in > all probability have been subjected to outrages more dreadful and horrible than can be imagined. It was of tlie essence of Kiel's crime, that he knew what the Indians were capable of, and what atrocities they v.'ould probably commit when their savage nature ' was thoroughly excited. The Free Pretm is right in declaring that nothing of which the ' half-breeds had to complain could justify Kiel's conduct, and that the crime of which lie was convicted is perhaps the most heinous that could be conceived. No one who;. has read the evidence can doubt that Kiel richly deserves death." On March 2Gth, 1885, the Globe said : ' " If such crimes as are reputed have been committed, it will perlmps be thought," necessary that the leaders, at least, should be punished. But what is to be done with.i Kiel this time ? He, it seems, incited the people to revolt. He, it is said, leads those ;^ who have committed so many grave offences. Shall we again have a price set upon hiait head?" ; -; You will remember I have already given you in that important document published ■ \ in the Propaganda of the faith that Kiel had sent messages to the poor savages o/'^', the prairie, &c. ; j We will give further the statement of the Reverend Mr. Quinney, a Missionary w of the Church of England, stationed at Onion Lake. This reverend gentlemati'gj'^ Teport was published in the Canadian MimwMty, and i» in the Sessional Papers of^^^ 1886, vol. XIX, No. 4 : '/ "As regards the late uprising I have no hesitation in saying that I thoroughly '^ iMlieve the Indians wou)d never have rebelled but for half-breeds influences, chlefW' '. through Kiel. Several tinj^s last winter the chief of OnionLake told me of Big Bear%i" visit to Kiel; how he was taken into a large upper lx>om, gi-andiy furnished, and iav©^'" invited to sit down to table with the latter. When the Indian e'sjiressed surprise, RleF" said: 'Yes, my brother, this is a nicQ house^ these are ikke things, and I have plenty''" to eat, but, if you do as I tell you, you will have a grander house, better things, and plenty to eat I am poor, bnt you will be rich. They call you chief now, but it is for nothing. By and by you will be a chief in reality, and what I say to you I say to all ■ay brother chiefs, and I want you to tell them my words when you go back.' Then ho got Big Bear to sign a paper, promising to obey all future orders Kiel should give, and ,ji'ji'f HiX t. psISSr:^* *L «* to help him in his contemplated fight with the white man. Oar chief said he alfio si^netf the same paper, which Riel sent round by Big Bear to all the chiefs. Big Bear Maid, whilst we were in his camp, that he was acting under Kiel's orders when he killed Uie white men." To this I may add the resolution passed by the North- West Council, which reads Q& follows : "Whereas public meotings have been held in certain portions of the Dominion at which it was sought to condemn, the Dominion Government for allowing the sentence of the court to be carried into effect iii the case of Louis Riel, who had stirred tip rebel- lion amon g the half-breeds and Indians in these Territories, and who, after a fair and impartial trial by a competent tribunal was convicted of high treason; "And, whereas, tin peace, progress and prosiHsrity of these Territories would have been jeopardised and a fueling i r insecurity would have been caused among the settlers had the man, twice guilty of rebellion, and who had not shrunk from the terrible responsibility of exciting the half-breeds and Indians to armo-l insurrection been per- mitted to escape the just penalty of his misdeeds ; • " And, whereasj a fair; firm and impartial a'fministrit»o>i of- the law must be bar! if the laws of our country are to be respected by all classes irresiwctive of nationality; "This Council desir9S to, place on record its cndorsomcnt of the action of the Dominion Govclpn*Wieht in'allowing the sentence of the court on Louis Kiel to be carried into effect." I will clo3 J this array of evidence against charge Nu. 3 by giving an extract from Mr. Justice Richardson's' address when pronouncing the sentence on Riel. " You have been found guilty of high treason, you have been proved to have let loose the flood-gates of rapine and bloodshed; you have, with such assistance as you had in the Saskatchewan country, managed to arouse the Indians, and have brought ruin and misery to many families, wliom, if you had simply left alono, were in comfort, and many of them on the road to affluence. ••••.-•■: • '' ',. Now, I will oidy ask, if with all this evidence, could Riol be treated as a political (Render? Could he be otherwise treated tlian a man whose own selfish end had prompted him to cause so much bloodshed. No unbiased mind can .say but that he deserved the punishment he received. The fourth and last charge that Mr. Blake, Mr. Laurier and Iheir friends made against the Government in connection with this poor man is, that he was of unsound mind and ought therefore to receive Her Majesty's royal clemency. I cannot see how this can for a moment be entertained. Medical testimony of the highest order was given at the court as to his sanity ; and to satisfy the Government more fully on that . ix>int, besides, the gratificfition. it ought to give the public, as the press of a certain class bad raised the question of insaidty, the Government sent throe medical experts of Undoubted ability to examine him ^ few days before his execution. Moreover, so clearly was he proved to be sane and respau.sible for his acts, that his counsel in tlu) Superior'Court in Manitoba, and at the Privy tV>uncil in England, abandoned entirley the plea of insanity. I have, under every charge, given prwfs that ought to be satisfac- tory to the most biased, and this, to my mind is as t^onclusive as any, establishing l)eyond a doubt that the Government could not possibly enttirtain tliat claim. 1 will give the medical testimony at the trial. Dr. Daniel Clarke, Sujierintendeiit of the Medical Asylum at Toronto, who was brought there by the prisoner's own counsel, said in answer to the question : f,: "Q. Do you consider from the knowledge which you now have of this individual that at the time the events detailed by the witnesses liere took place, that is to say, in March, April and May last, that he was laboring under such a defect of rea.4on from disease of the mind, that he did not know that M'hat he was doing was wrong? — ^A. I think he did know ; I think he was quite capable of di.stinguishing right from wronir. .Jibuti " Q. You cannot say that it is not fraud ? A. I cannot. ^ "Q. And there is nothing here to show you, in the state of his intellect, that Iw was not able to distinguish between right and wrong, and know the finality of the act which he was committing? A. No, I say that I think th.at he knows w'hat right in 22 f v\ > from wrong, subject to hie delusions ; But, mind you, I want to add to that, that many of the insane know right from wrong." Then, Dr. James M. Wallace, Medical Superintendent of the Insane Asylum at Hamilton, who was brought there by the Crown, said when aslied : " Have you been listening to the evidence in this case ? A. Yes. " Have you examined or had an opportunity of seeing the prisoner? A. I saw lUm for about half an hour ; that is, alone, not in court. " And you have been here during the ? A. During the sitting of the court. "Have you formed an opinion of his mental responsibility, of his sanity or insanity ? A. I have so far as my time and opportunities enabled me to do so. " Q. What is that opinion? A. I have not discovered any insanity about him, no indication of insanity. " What, would you say tlion in view of the evidence and your exaiulnation ? Is he of sound mind or is he not ? A. I think he is of sound mind. "Q. And capable of distinguising right from wrong? A. I think so. " Q. And know the nature and quality of any act which he would commit ? A. Very acutely." ,f ,„ ! , Tiie Globe of tlie 22nd October, 1885, says as to his insanity : "As to the prisoner's guilt of the highest crime that can be laid teaman's charge there has been no shadow of doubt since his letter to Poundraaker was produced. Nor as to his sanity has there been any doubt since the jury having heard the experts' evidence, decided that Riel was responsible." I will give an extract from Dr. Howard, the Medical Superintendent of a lunatic asylum in Quebec,who well knew Louis Riel. It is from a letter dated the 14th March. 188G, to Mr. Curran, the member for Montreal centre. I may explain that he was asked to go and give evidence at the trial of Riel to show that he was insane, but did not go. The reason will be apparent from this extract : " I think it well to say, however, that in my opinion, my presence at the trial could not possibly have done Riel any good. You know my views on the question of responsibility. Sut when it came to the legal test, I should have been obhged to say that Riel was as responsible for his acts as any other criminal man. " Yours sincerely, "Henry HowABD, " Medical Superiniendent, Asylum St. Jean de Dieu." The» again, Dr. F. X. Perrault, the attending physician in Longue Pointe Asylum where Riel was for a brief period detained, testified : " "I, the undersigned, physician of the asylum of St. Jean do Dieu, certify that a few days after the entrance of Louis Riel into this asylum I perceived that with him insanity was simulated. The exaggeration of his acts was such and so much beyond what we generally remark in subjects affected with real insanity, that with a physician accustomed to treat such cases, there would be no room for doubt. Upon making the observation to him that I was not to be taken for his dupe, he confessed to me in effect that he was shamming the insanity. And the evidence that I was right in my surmise, and that his confession was really sincere is, that on all occasions, and they were many, I have been alone conversing with him, he has always talked in a manner absolutely lucid and sane upon all and every subject with which he has entertained me. ■ , I .... , ', .. J.U.' \My>M- "F- X. Peiuiault. M.D., " Asylum of Longue Pointe." The certificate of Dr Brunelle, who had known Riel in Montreal as well as in the United States, is just as convincing. That well known physician testified as follows : " I, the undersigned, certify that during the time Louis Riel was confined in Beauport and afterwards, that I had known him particularly both in Montreal and the United States, and during the time he was confined at Beauport and afterwards I have been able to ascertain on divers occasions that outside the excentricities in his manner which were little to be noticed, he was perfectly lucid in -his mind and sane in hid intel- lectf and spoke absolutely well on all subjects when he was not observed. I attest, moreover, that in my presence the said Louis Riel has been simulating insanity in such u.'! 1.1?. *<•! I'll-' M? l!--1 ':^i^\l •J .itiUi J'-.n i»8'' '>r .(:■ -i^.l»» s& A. H mannor as to leave no floiibt in my ininrl as to the character of hU pretended insanity." I will follow this by the certificates of the three medical ezportH before referred to, who were sent to Regina Hubsequent to the trial, to report upon Kiel's mental capacity: , , Dr. A. Jukes to Umltnaut-Qovtmnr Jjewdncy. ,, r- _i -i> , i ,. ii ... !i 1 ...>. .t;>'»«..n«EioiNA, N.W.T., 6th November, 1886. " Sib. — In compliance with the request contained in a communication received by you (Vom the Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, that I should report without delay upon the mental condition of the prisoner, Louis Riel, now under my medical care, and how far I consider him accountable and responsible for his acts, I have the honor to report as follows : " Louis Riel has been under my especial care, medically, as surgeon of this force, for upwards of five months since his arrival here as a prisoner. During that time I have visited him, with few exceptions, every day ; have studied him closely and con- versed with him long and frequently. I have personally a strong aversion to pxinish- ment by death. I believe that failing to cstaoHsh his insanity his death Iei near r.t hand, but after careful and continuous examinations of him under varying circum- Htances from day today, I cannotescape the conviction that except upon certain ^purely religious questions, having relation to what may be called Divine mysteries, ho was when first entrusted to my care, and still oontinuos to bo, perfectly sane and account- able for his actions. " Under these circumstances my duty, though a painful one, is clear, and my opinion not hastily formed, equally so, viz., that RioVs peculiar views upon religious subjects Which so strongly impress the ijiuorant and unreflecting with an idea of his madness, cannot rightly be [regarded as interfering with tor obscuring in the slightest degree his clear Jperception of duty, or as rendering his judgment less sound in the affairs of everyday life. I therefore record my opinion that, with tlie reservation above made, Riel is a sane, dear-headed and aocountablo being, and reapousiI)le for liis actions liefore God and man- ! HjUiiS ■:■#•■.<.-;.<.: ; ., ,. . ■^■■ "ll,aVO,&C., ■Y..>,-'.J >'i .-■-••• "A. Jukes, Senior F*nrgeon." The Hon. Edg.vu l>i:WDXEV, Lieutenant-Governor, N. W. T. Dr. Valade to Sir John A. Macdonald, Iftrf.t fc-'/'i."': ' ■«-!■ t!t ' .Vl ! .,* II J. »w'// tf'ii' H'»i.!l f t ,f " Rkgixa, N.W.T., 8th November, 1885. "' ' ""StR, — After having examined carefully Riel, in private conversation with him and by testimony of persons who take care of him, I have come to the conclusion that he suffers under hallucinations on political and religious suWects, but on other points I believe him to be quite sensible and can distinguish right from wrong. ,i}],'t^^^iU) tY^i^\')hi{ii^\ m-i^*'\f^^/: ^'Vl^jj;!'!^'! "F. X. Valade, M.D.",m« ' ftight Hon. Sir John L Macdonald, (t.C.B., Premier of Canada, Ottawa. • - • • ^^'•'*' •. %'M "■•*'"*'■"•''''.'' Dr. iMvell to Sir John A. Macdonaid. ,hL,m. .vH'-.nr-l " - -i» [i:->iyiu: t f .uv>iJ«Mii- bf,51 «-»»'.; iJb^MH f-fc » Regina, N.W.T., 8th November, 1886. " Sir, — I have the iionor to report that after giving conscientious consideration to the Case of Louis Riel, now confined!^ here, under sentence of death, and fully appreciat- ing the trust committed to me and all the consequences involved, I am of the opinion that the said Louis Riel, although holding and expressing fooUsh and peculiar views as to religion and general government, is an accountable being and capable of distinguish- ing right from wrong. . I have, &c., ^^'^'' "M.LAVEIL, M.D." yn The Eight Hon. Sir Joux A. Macdonald, G.C.B., Premier of Canada, Ottawa. ►-; --^-r^ Iwill now give the opinitins of the three Judges of the Superior Court in Mani" ' toba. The Learned Chief Justice said in delivering his judgment : . "I have carefuUv read the evidence, and it appears to me that the jury could not 1 4.. Ik fA tfit j\ I ; ■J reasonublj huvo come to any other conchusion than the verdict nf gtiilty ; there is not only evidence to HUi)]K)rt the verdict, but it vastly preponderatea" And again he uaid : .- < ...'»» ..t **! tliink the evidence umn the question of innanity nliows that the prisoner dkl kno>T that he wum acting illegally, and tliat he was reoponsible for his a<;t»." Mr. JuBti(« Taylor dayH: > " After u critical examination of the evidence, I lind it impossible to come to any other conclusion than that at ^hich the jury did. , The appelknt is beyond all doubt a man of inordinate vanity, excitable, irritable, and impatient of contradiction. Ho deems at times to liave u(!ted in an extraordinary manner, to have said many strange things, and to have ontertninad. or at least professed to entertain absurd views on re- ligious and political subjects. But it all stops far short of establishing such unsound- nesB of mind as would render him irresponsible and not accountable for nis actions. His course of conduct indeed shows in many ways, that the whole of this apparently extraordinary conduct, his claims to Divine inspiration and prophetic character was only apart oi a commonly devised scheme to gam and hold influence and power over the simple-minded jKJople around him, and to secure persona) immunity in the event of liis ever being called to account for his acts. lie seems to have had in view, while profess- ing to champion the cause of the Metis, the securing of i)ecuniary advantage to himself." Mr. Justice Killam, who before bis appointment to the Bencli, was a distinguished meml)er of the Keform party, said : " The argument for the insanity of the prisoner is based to a certain extent on the idea that he was in such a state of mind that he did not know that the acts he was committing were wrong ; that he fancied himself inspired of heaven, and acting under the direction of heaven, and in holy cause. It would be exceedingly dangerous to ad- mit the validity of sudi an argument for adjudging an accused jjerson insane, particu- larly where the offence charged is of such a nature us that of Avhich this prisoner is convicted. A nuin who leads an armed insurrection doos so from a desire for murder rapine, robbery, or for ixjrsonal gain or advantages of some kind, or he does so in the belief that he has a righteous causa, grievances which he is entitled to take up arms to have redressed. In the latter case, if sincere, he believes it to be right to do so, that the law of God permits, iiay, even calls upon him, to do so, and to adjudge a man insane on that ground, would l)e to oi)en the door to an acquittal in every case in which a man with an honest l)elief in his wrongs, and that tliey were sufficiently grevious to warrant any means to secure their redress, should take up arms against tHe constituted author- ities of the land. His action was exceedingly rash and foolhardy, but he reasoned that he could achieve a sufficient success to extort something from the Government, whether for himself or his followers. His actions were based on reasons and not on insane delusion." In the rendering of the judgment in Kngland on the Riel matter, one of the Tjorde of the Privy Council said ; • ■ • " The jury before whom the prisoner was tried, neg.atived that defence (insanity) and no argument has been presented to their Lordships to show that that finding was otherwise than correct," . Sir A. Campbell says In his report as to Kiel's mental state as follows t " Finally, under this head, as regards the mental state of the prisoner, after his trial and before execution, careful enquiry was mode into this question by medical ex- perts employed confidentiallv bv the Government for that purpose, and nothing was elicited snowing any change in his mental powers or casting any doubt upon his perfect knowledge of his crime, or justifying the idea that he had not such mental capacity as to know the nature and quality of the act for which he was convicted, as to know that the act was wrong, and as to be able to control his own conduct" The Globe on the 6th July, 1885, said : •' - 'i " If, as some say, he is insane, there is much method in his madness. A better defence than he has fully outlined it would be impossible for his lawyer to make." The same paper said on the 25th July, 1885 : " Although this document (Kiel's diary) is an interesting one, it will, we repeat, give no aid or comfort to those who build up the hopes of the writer's release on the insanity plea. Very much the reverse. If all who are i entally astray, only as far as these jottings indicate that Riel is, were shut up in one asylum, we should have to i|>p crease the capacity of these institutions very considerably." 25 ThU flniihea the different heads under which I put U^e eharges made againet the GoTernment, and I hare not a word to lay except to aak an intelligent and unblaaed public to weigh them carefully and aak themaeWes the roaaen why, in tlie face of suck ovenrhelming and convincing eTideace againat Kiel, such a cry as this is raised abovt him. The answer is obvious, and it is because there is no ground for the accusation, that I have taken the liberty of placing before you this lengthy collection of evidence upon the subject Near the beginning of this address I said that Mr. Blake and his friends were ready to «se this Rlel qsestion whatever fate boftU this poor man. j If the Government had eommutedhis sentence to imprisonment for life, the cry would have been "Sir John Macdonald, true to his record, has again violated every true principle of fair play to serve the Blues of Quebec; " but Biol having been hanged, the ^ tune is changed, und they suy, " Sir John has done this to appease the wrath of the Orangeman and avenge the death of Scott" ■'' Read the following, in answer to the cry of Orange influence to have Kiel executed : HorHK OK CoMMOXB, Tuesday, 18th Xoveanber, 1880. , Mr. Taylor asked :— iHt AVero any, and how many, petitions sent by Oranga Ijodges to the Crovernment praying tliat the sentence of deiitli passed upon Louis Kiel for high treason l)e not commuted ; and, if any, from what lodge and where situate. 2nd. Were any, and how many, copies of resolution sent to the uovernment, passed by either the Grand Orange Lodge, district, county or private lodge to the same effect ; and if any, by what lodge and where were they located. Hon. Mr. Chai'luai'. — There have been no petitions sent by the Orange Lodge to the Government There have been no copies of resolution sent to the Government, passed by either the Grand Orange Lodge, or by district or county lodge, to the same effect Tlie only things which have come to the department over which I preside are a letter from a "member of Parliament trauHmitting certain representations from an Orange Lodge, two petitions from the Northw est transmitted by Nicholas Flood Davin, and a private letter from a jierson named Charles O'Hara, of Cranbourn, Quebec, which I lay before the House. : , . , ., ,, ► . This completely refutes any charge of Orange influence. • I will give a few extracts from Reform papers to show how they endeavored to trim their sails to take advantage of the wind most favorable to their course, and I will commence with the Globe. It said before the execution :— " The French Blues rule Sir John's actions to a greater extent than is generally supposed. They are jealous of the progress, wealth and importance of well-governed Ontario.'* After the execution, the same paper said : — • ■• • . .j i. " Tho greatest enemies of Ontario have never been the French Blues, though they have often been so represented." The Port' Hope Guide, a Reform paper, said before the execution of Riel: . ' ' ^ "It, has come to a preity pass indeed, when a red-handed rebel can thus snap his fingers at ^he law." The same pajjcr said after tlie execution : . n'-.-J. .!•.,!•..; ir- " .. " It has coino to a pretty pass indeed, that in the noontide glare of this nineteenth century, political offenders must suffer death if they dare to assert their just rights." Tlie Brandon Sun, another Reform paper, said before the execution : ' •'i' i'.' " Riel has been found worthy of death by the courts and highest tribunals in the land; and yet the Government, for base purposes, intervene and prevent tlie jupt execu- tion of penalties prescribed by laws of their own making." The same paper said after the execution : " kxid^noVjr, the wholesale hanging of Her Majesty's subjects who were provoked into hostilities by the horrible mis-management and neglect of those entrusted and swornto guard.' their lives and pro|)er^ and interests, will close the terrible drama." The Ottawa Free Prrgs, a Reform paper, said before the execution, and you knoW how far it goes for the party : 1: '>*.'» j^Hig Riel knew well the nature of the Indian, and tliat with them the usages ; -T. I ~2J^ \m..miim msm ■■* ^ ■ so* of war were rovtlting in civilized eyes. Wlten Itiel conapired with tlie Indians, he opened the gates of rapine and murder, and for that offence deserved the severest penalty possible." The same paper after the execution said : " ' ^ ■"•" 'f f'^'-'^ '»' ^^ '-'"'o"^' '>f 'i^'" I " The execution of Louis Riel, which toolc place this morning, will scarcely rank above a State lynching. The Belville Ontario, another important Beform paper, said before the execution i " Not onlv as a traitor to Canada and her institutions, the murderer of her sons^ but as the deadly deceiver of an ignorant though brave community, Louis Riel deserves the penalty affixed to his offence — that penalty is death." After the execution, the same paper said : • , . " He was tried, eminent jurists claimed that the court was competent. He -wias , put on trial for treason, not a capital offence for the past fifty years. He was fQunH guilty, and the ju/y with a knowledge of the circumstances of the case and the culpa- bility of liie Government added to their verdict a recommendation for mercy. That re- ' commendation practically meant that in the judgment of that jury, the uprising was justified to the extent that a life sentence and not capital punishment should be im- l)osed." Again the Port Hope Guide said before the execution, to put down French Blues and favor the Ontario Grits: " If the rebel leader is not hanged, it will be because Sir John Macdonald dare not go in opposition to the Frenchmen of Quebec." After the execution, to court the French BlubK : " ' ' •■ ' ' - " We are firmly ox the opinion thai the consideration of wliether he was right or wrong, did not actuate the policy of the Ciovcrnment, but because they believed some- thing had to 1)0 done to weld the rank and file of tboir followers, to the leaders of the political branch of the Orange order." To come nearer home, the Glengarry Kcview, now extinct, but during its time : dealing out the bitterest poison to Sir John and his followers, editorially said in its issue ofMay2i)tli, 1885 : " Tiis^re is a leeling abroad that Justice will miscarry on the Riel case, and that the professional fomentor of rebellion will be a second time under the wing of the Premier, under pressure of his French supporters. " He has rendered desolate many a Canadian home, and he has led in a list of iiorrible astrocities, therefore, it is that Canadian public opinion demands his execution, justice decrees it, humanity commands it, and public policy ordains it." "The trial has been had with commendable promptness, yet not with undue haste ; the counsel for the prisoner were able men who ably conducted the offence, every pro- duction of evidence favorable to Eiel was accorded; an impartial jury and judge sat upon the case. There was an entire absence of appeal to bigotry, prejudice, or national sentiment, in a word British judgment prevailed, and the accused has been found guilty of treason. The evidence of guut was overwhelming ; indeed, there was no serious attempt made to combat the testimony produced on behalf of the Crown, and the only plea entered for tlie prisoner was that of insanity. Upon this point the evidence of the experts were contradictory, but the weight of opinions inclined to his sanity, and that view the jury had taken. " The Government will doubtless receive a number of petitions for his reprieve, and will probably be asked for the appointment of a commission of experts to determine his sanity, but in view of the proceedings at the trial, there can be but one conviction in the public mind, namely, that the verdict is in strict accordance with the evidence, and that justice has prevailed." But to-day some of the men who not only inspired the above, but actually yrsoie it, are stumping Glengarry for the Reform candidate in this county, telling in corner whispers that Riel was hanged because he was French, and because he was Catholic. The above are a few extracts of the hundreds which could be obtained from the press of the Reform party if such were necessary, b«t I have given enough to prove the insincerity and transparency of their utterances. They were bound, right or wnmg, to be against the Gov" rnment. ,y. ' The CabinO' v>f Sir John Macdonald is composed of gentlemen of tlie bigheet ^" ''' " iW * » V ' -L honor, integrity and ability. The very lieight of their ambition is to preserve those- quaUties in the most scrupulous manner, and to soo to the administration oflaws for the " safety and equal government " of the people of Canada. It is composed of seven Protestants and six Catholics ; the largest representation of Catholics ever in the Cabinet of Canada, three of whom are French; and I ask if any reasonable man can believe that Orange influence had the slightest eflfect npon tlieir minds, if it were used at all, and I say to the credit of the Orangemen, there is no evidence to show that it was. I say^ if it were used, those six gentlemen, as the representatives of the Catholic body, would never have consented to the execution ol'Riel l)ooause of that influence, or because'ho was a Catholic and a Frenchman, but would ratlier have retired from the important positions which they occupy. The thing is too absurd, and unworthy of the consideration of any intelligent person, unless he has an object in thinking and preaching difierently. The supremacy of the law must be maintained, equal justice must be " adminis- istered to all," irrespective of creed or iiatiouality, knowing no distinction between " the king and the beggar," if we want to live in a well ^'ovcrned country. It is therefore our duty to preserve that spirit of justice as lovers of our country, and when we find our Government assailed as it iuis been in this case ; its leader, Sir John Macdonald and his French associates burnt in effigy, giving them the epithets o hangmen, and otherwise abused, it will stir up and arouse to voofs so largely o. McM.