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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commen9ant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la derniire image de chaque microfiche, selon le cas: !& symbole — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche it droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Shepp's Photographs of the World. PlL.to CONSISII\(, Of :r.iplu.- Vic'ws ,4 furies— Strcvt S.vru'— Puhik- BiiilJm-s_( niu ir,u w , r. , C...st!.s- nu. , .N..teJ K.op,.-,.„vatc and Publi. Apartments n, Royal Pala...-Un.vu-.tK.-C ■...._ \nl.a,..pl.ala. and AVnnUan. S.en.rv-Lo.h._Mord._Fa,,>_R.vt S.cnuv-Canuns-U..v.^ MnJ..s-l arks-|-,,nn,a,ns-|-h,.,,,,v._nivl,>ks- r„wc.r.-Mcm„r,als-T„n,h.-C uvs- (,c.met.rios-Pyram1d.-Ruins „f Castk- -Rums „t [-..nipl.-.-R,,,,. „, An.icait Citii— Tn.pKal Saiu-rv— Town — \ iIKu;,. Huts, .....I.. .„„ ,. lar... anav ■„ inMant.ne.n.s p,„„o«rap„s, .,„u,„. ,„.■ ..vervJav „,. ,. ,„„ ,..,„„. ,„ j,,, .,,, , ,„,,„, ^ ,„^ ,,^ I <)i I i-xvri I) pRo.M EvRni'v.. Asia, Afru a, Ai'stralia, North As^uulc^. Soirm Amhrica AM) Tnii Pacific Islands I'l-lM'l ^INTINf, The World as it Exists Jo-Day. ni i;) CWAhA. <, at Wa-hniKtnii. i i.C. AN rights reserved. KntereJ a>\(>rilint; to the Ait of CoiiKress, in tin- \ear iSoa, H\ I). R. SHEPl', In the ottke ot llie librarian of Con,i;res>i, at Wavjiin^'ton. I). C. The Piiotoj^raphs in this 1- (lopv-inj; them in anv lorni is unlawful ri>;ht will he insi,nill\- prnsfoilej. ook are from oriKinals, Je\ eloped in the United States and protected hy CopyriRht. and notice is hereby Ki\en that persons guilty of intrinKinK on the Copv- ■IHil iiWi PREFACE. '• a? . <^ HH NUMBER ol those to whom a trip at'ound tlio world \:- ictually porniittod is com- ' paraiiwly low. Even poisons of moans sul'tkiontly ampio tor iho iiuluiiionco of siioh a j(.)urnoy mav not haw tho loisuiv, or, whon tho\' i^ossoss botli moans and loisuio, lack tho onoiLiy to faco tho oxoition inxoKod. ^\any aro rostiainod by homo tios or family intoiosts too doar to bo brokon, own for a tow months, or by biisinoss nocossitios that cannot onduro a pn»lon!j;od intorniption. Ea.sy as tho joiirnox' has boon mado by tho facilitios of modorn travol, it is still too formidablo an undortakin,!j; for tho majority of mankind. Woroowr, o\'on a trip aiound the \s-orld, in tho literal sense, would re\oal to the tra\'ellor only a portion of its scenes of interest. iWany of its .greatest wonders lie off the line of circumna\i:4ation, and require to be reached by siuvial iourno>-s. To really see the world, one must o.\pl(ire it, soekinii out spots to the north and south at o\'ory sta,>2;e of tho \'o_\'a,;i;e, and thus extending]; a trip winch can, in itself, be roadil\- mado in a C(»mparativoly short time, by man\- months of ad- ditional wanderiii'^s. While we ha\o seen a newspaper reporter outdo Mr. Phinoas Fo^j;'s faaiious flyinij; \'o\';i,iie of oi,j,ht_\' da\"s, we also note that tra\ellers who in\'estiii;ate o\on onl\' the most accessible beauties and remarkable spots of tho .^lobo, require from two tt) throe x'oars for tho accomplishment of their task and then lea\o much undone. We must fall back, therefore, tor our knowled;j:e of the world wo li\e in, upon books of traxol. These, the work of uvAP.y and often ,!j;reatly ii\it.cd hands, no matter how graphic they mav be in their description or how abundant or excellent in their illustration, remain only disjointed narratiws, requir- ing to be read with care, and compared with each other, so that their statements ma\- be made clear in sequence, and the chain (jf description they form, perfected- After all is done, tho\' coinoy but a shadow or sug.^ostion of the realitw Fortunatel\' for the public, the perfection of the art of photo.i2;raphy, and tho extension .L^iwn by modern enterprise to the practice and application of this art, ha\e rendered it possible to bring the (3J PREf-ACE. whole wiirld lionu' t I) aiu'iiiu' s OIK )r ill a maniK'r iKTetnfore uiikiitiwn. Th e pannraiii.i ((f ;ho world has Iwn liinnod by ti)o miii tn sikh an oxloiit that the in ijz;norance or its iiiDSt inaccessihlo nr icniote iiiar\els. Is IK) loivj,or an e\i.u iir mir iviiiaininy; W an surround i»ursch'es, in dur own homes, with the scenes which intrepid and ad\enturiuis exi^orers ha\e taken fur u^, often at the cost of their ii\'es, and \isit the ^j;reat historic sites, the centres i>\ stianue ci\ ilixatinns, as well as the habitations of barbarous and sa\a.u;e tribes, without iiio\iiv^ mi our own liresi.les. It is to ser\e such a purpose that Siii-.i'i''s I'm ){( x.k aimis oi' Tiih Wni^i.h has been compiled, and in conipilin^i it the work of contributions froi si^oies oi tra\ eiieis lias Iwn col e\er\' section, co\erinii so \a>t a held that it nbined in aai alliance of pictorial - exploration b\- a sinule person would be the labor of a lifetime. From the extreme north to the extreme south: from the North Cape, photo^iraphed b\' the lii;ht of the Midniiiiit Sun, to the temples and ba/aars (»t India and the islands of the South Seas, the readt ma\' iurne_\' in these pa^eS, aiivi o b^ such a rex'elation of the wonders oi naturt an.. the ureal haunts of mankind as could onh' be made clearer could his own e\'es contemplate them in tlu itv as tl e e\'' >\ tlk iiiv. ra has co ntemplati. No m ere description coul ^j:raphi call)' con\e\' what pictures show aiu no them pictur lor iiim. es, ex'eii from the most gifted and skilful hand, couki possess the \akk'of accurac\' and completeness of these actu: 1 transcriptions from nature, lixed upon iIk' photo,j;raphi at^ aiK reproduced in their inte,L';rit\' b\- the art of printinu. In them, as in i mirror, are retlected the bus\- life of the ureat cities of tlu world, as well as the memorials oi historical antii|uit\- and the remains dt" cixili/alions lon.ij; passed awa\- The streets of London, animatt h\' nus\' lile, md the shattered ruins of F^)m vii, solitarv in their .m'a\'e of la\a and ashes, undei hadi»w of the \dlcano : the palaces and places of wor- ship of modern Europe, and the nioulderiivj; remnants of the temples of Greece, of Rome, of E.nypt and the remoter East, are shown as the\' art In the journev' throuuh these mes. the reader mav 1.0 ntrast the world as it was in da\s which \va\< become mere rends, and the wor he i\es m, which is \i\id and actix'e undei his e\'e. To the representations of actual scenes ha\e been added reproductions of famous masterpieces of the an of the past and of the present, b\- which the epochs of the world's intellectual advancement pijpiWPpiywwwBiik mm PRFFACl: IS 10 10 It ni;i\' be ("iNoJ, and txfos uf li\ iivj; ponpK' who ro|^ro^'.'nt tlio \:iri<)u^ social cniuiitiDns nf tlio ,u;lohe. l!i fact, tlio SL'iics C(instituti.'s, in a rniukaisod tnrm, ;i tmir which is rich in lossoi^s as woll as ro\o- ations, and rmdois linn who cannot stir anio. laithlul o\-os, as lu' niijlit unixorso passin,u; hy. in a iiianiior, a tourist, sooiivj; for liiiiisolf Ihrou.^h from his wiiulow at tho drama of liumanit\' and tlio paj^oant of tlio No attonipl has boon made to su|^plomont tho jMatos with olaborat 1.1L scriptions, for (ho simple roason that oac h sul' K'Ct ha^ '11 soloclod with a Mow to haNiiv. ■xi^ain itsolf. (Jno does not roquiro doscriptioiis of what ono can soo, at tho samo timo, a briof noto att; ostablislios its idontit>' and furnislk'S a cloar summarx' of its charactor, and. historical associations or its standard of importanco in tho world's (.wistonco, liod to oa' :h pictiu'i wliL'ro nocossar\', of its With tlu^so notos as su.u;,iiostions, and tho picturi.'S of tlk' actual scrik's b oioro him, tlio roador has onl\' to turn to aiu" of tlio maiiN' accossiblo books of ivfor^'iico for tho amiMil'icatioii of tho minor dotails of his stock of kiiowlod.uo. and so compklo his trip around tho world as if ho w\'ro niakinu; it, .^uido-book in hand. Th o iournox' which is mado to tho oastwar ■•j,ins 111 jrL'land aiu carrios tho roador throu,!4h Scotland and Hn.uland to tho Contiiuait, wluao In.' xi^iis Hofuium, Holland, Norwax', Russia, Gormany, Franco, Spain, Portu:j,al, Sw it/orland, Austria and Italy, to tho docayin.ij; ruins of Grooco and tho crumb- liim Mro of tho Turk. Tlk' .^r^at capitals, liko London, Par s aiK Ron- 0, and tho mar\-olous mountain sconor\' of Swit/orland, aro troatod with am|Mo fulnoss, Tho homo of Shakospoaro is \isitod, together with tho objocts of antiquitx' in Hiv. an^ d in Continontal Huri tlk rt alio rios of Paris, of Rome and Florer.co ; tlk irds of Norway on tho north and tho canals of Venice on the south. E^ypt is iraxorsod from Alexandria to tlk' l.'i^por Nile. A juuine\- into Palestine includes the Holy Cit>' (T Jeru- salem and the most sacred jdaci'S of the P)iblo, like Nazareth and Bethlehem. The traxollor passes throujj;h Syria to Damascus, and wanders eastward by way of India, China and the Sandv\'ich Islands, to our own conliik'iit. pa.ue to [xi.uo ho .uoos. from the teemiiiLj; life of London, Li\orpool, Paris and Berlin, with From their bustliivj; highways, seethinL^ with human actixitw into the prosonce of the Sphinx, into the shadow of the P\'i"aniids, into tlk a\-: ruins of the Parihenon ;jnd the porishin^j; remnants of die PRRFACR. dawn i>\ Christi:iiiit\' in tlu' H(il\' l.;ind, and shaiv's wiih iIk' Hiukihi^t in tlu' contomplalinn df tin.- SaoioJ City (if BonaiL's and th.' bail\iricall>' ornato li.'Pi|Mi's nf th^' liuiios. \\c \isits Australia, China and Japan, oiv Ik' crosses tlk> Pai.atic ; thon fi'om Alaska ho trawN t'l Calitnima, with a :j,I iik\' at tlk' wondi-rs of the Yi'smiitL' Valk'V, into tlu' Yi'llowstnni.' Park, and throuuh Cnliiiadn and tlu' lMi\l'r Stall's id Chi>.'aij,(i, Phihkk'lphia and N\'W York. TIk" Capital at Washinutiui, \\w' Hunkor Hill MununK'ni in pjostim, [\\c aiuii-'ni to!til"kati:ins in Flniida in tlu' tim^' nf I'diia- dc [.cow, and its mudL'iii aspivt as a phk\' of winter ivfu^e frmn the rigors of tlk' northern clinii', tho ^:o\icc and sn'^ar plantations of South Ainciiia, and tlk' wondi'is of old aiki tlk' Ix'autios of inodi'm Aloxi^'o aw shown, aikl his jourik-w whi^h Ix'^an on till.' eastern border of the Atlantic Ocean, terminates uj"'on its wc-lein shore. In two hundred aikl lifi\' pictures, the woiid has jxi'^^ivl before him m successiw changes of scene', t.'ach Llisiiik't in inti'ivsi and fascinaliivj, in its revelations of the wondi^'is of nature and of man ui"'on tlk' face of the earth, lie has learik'd to know the work! Iv.' li\es in by such a series of k'ssons as his mind will e\er retain, aikl can rexert a.uain aikl a'j,ain to the panorama, each link' lindin^ his interest refreshed by the new marvels it unfolds. .n the preparation nf this work, the publishers ha\e been guided by two primarv' jnupose:-. The first was to st.'kvt that which should ,Lii\e the ck'arest and most consi,vuti\e meaninjj; and \-alue to the reader's journey throu.uh these pa^es, and the second, to secure the best possible representations of tlk' subjects selected, so that, in a double sense, the tourist at the fireside sh(»uld be, as it were, under the diivcMon of a faithful aid intelligent sj;uide. This task called for the expenditure of much time and thou.^ht, and its completion for the outla_\' of a .ureat amount of money. That ik'ither was spared, it is hoped the work itself will attest. That it will brin.^ home to many thousands that which they cannot hope to otherwise see, and recall to others that which the\' ha\e had the opportunity of se^'in^; that i^ will, in short, be an instructixe uuide on the one hand, and a pleasant, inteivstin.i; souxenir on the other, is tlk' Ix'st wish xx'ith which it can be committed lo the ai''P'reciation of the public who max' ^o traxel- lin^ with it anamd the world. ^■iW -:!ra-K-.w jmiimmnMmtm^ims&^iiMk. :.„^»i,ia" CONTENTS. I Inst.intJiUMJiis lUHLANI). Bl.iiru'y Ciistlc, .... I-.ikis of Kill.uiuy, iJuhlin ( iiant's ('MllSi'W.iy S(.{)ILA,\lJ. l.o^ h Ldinoiul FiirJi HriJuf H.ilmnr.il ('.istlf, ClamslK'll Cavr, Isl.uul n\ Sialta '^^''"'^"•■K''- iinMant,„K.„L.s).' bN(;L.ANlJ. 1-inu- StrcTt, lavvrpnol ^ InstaiUanrnus) . ;\\'"'^''7^^''- (Instantaiu.ou.s, Warwick Castlr, Warwick, .... Sliakt'Sivair's lloiisc, Stratl(ii\l-,m -.W en. . OshoiiiL- Hiiu>M\ Islt. 1,1 VVi;:lit Hampton Court Pahui', Hamptnn Court, (irc'cnwich OhsiTvatory, tJri'i'invicli Windsor Ca.sti.k. Windsor Castk' (ircun LJra\vin;;-lanoa. St ition "^^■^"■•">^1 Mn.stantan.'ous, Clieap.siik', .... St. Paul'.s Catlu'dral, . The Bank of lin^land, (ln,stamanc.(,u. lower ot London, . . London Bridj:e (Instantancuis, Wfstininstrr .Ahhcy, Houses of Parliament, I Instantaneous) IS) 13 15 '7 19 21 ■J I -/ 2(; 31 3 3 35 V ^9 4' 43 4i 47 4') 51 53 55 57 50 61 63 iiafal-ar Square "'*;;, Bui.kinyh,im I'akue, • ■ • ■ Alhiat Meinori.il HI-.LCIl M. Antwerp Hri'ssi;i.s. Panoramic View of Brussels Pakue of the Kiiu'. . . ^' Bourse City Hall Cathedral of Ste. dudule, HOLLAND. Si.lie\enini,'en Amsterdam Windmill ^ ' ' NOPWAV. (duistian.sand, iNaerdfjord, (hidwuiuen North C;ape SWLDHN. Stockholm PLSSIA. Moscow. (n-iu'rai \'iew of .Moscow. . Church of St. Basil, Tsar Kolokol St. I'lMin^sMtkG. Winter Palace (il-:RMANV. I'lie Cathedral, Cologne, . . (Instantaiu'ou S) f>7 (X) 7' 7S (7; 77 79 81 «3 85 87 89 9' 93 95 97 99 101 103 105 107 CONIKNTS. w Bin^iiMi r-lirrnhrt.'itstfin Aii.uliu' (111 tlu' P.iiitlu'i,. St,itii,ir\-, I ),mnci kcr, Till' PIi'is'iiMilnir^;, I.cip-^ic BHkl.lN. I'litrr ili'ii I.iiuicn !'">■. ll I'.ll.KV. . . St, mil' lit Fri'ilnuK tlu' ( iicn, TliL- Braiulfiilnir^ Ci.iti', Moiuimi'iit of \ictiiry I'OTSDA.M. Tlie Hi'^toric- U'iiulmill DRKSUEN (iAI.I.LR'i. Mavldiin.i Ji Sail Sistd, . I'aiiuin;:, Rapharl, ■^\''^'l''l''"^'. PaiiitiiiL;, Battniii' KKANCI-:. I'AIVIS. BirJ's-rvc \ irw (if I'aris f'hue Ac la C(iiu(u\k-,. . . ( liistaiitaiu'dus i Mai.k'l(.'iiu', OpiTa Hdiisi', 'InsiantaiUMUis, (.rrat Hdiik'vaiJs (Instantaiu'ou.s i Jiil>' C^dkiiiin \'i.-iKkjiiK' Cdkniin, l^oN'al Pahkf Catlk'Jral df Nutic hanii.', Pakki' df Justice, AiL (if Triumph, I )(inu- (.Il-s Iirvakiit'^, Tdinh of i\'apdk-(iii, I:iffcl TdUi-r. LdilMO Bllikkll;i,s, LOlAkE (iAl.l.in^Y. \'fiui.s ik^ .Miki, . Statuarv, 1 liikiiown, . I'Atil'. [0() 1 1 1 1 1 -; 1 1^ 1 17 I III I. 'I ' ^ ■> I ^<) 141 '■4=; '47 '4'.) '?' 15? 'S^ '57 '=;<) 161 16; Tdiiih df Phillippr Put, StatuaiN', Pcn,iissaiK\', PiMii'iii.ikcr (if till' \ illij^i', l.r\i;,\\n<)iR(i c.Ai.i.i-kv, ''liiniiiu, (nvu/v, 'I"' l-''^t \i'il. Statu.iiy, Bdiiivt, AiTist in tlu' \ilLi;;i', . P.iintiny. Sahiisdii. '^ M"tlHT Sl,iHMI\ , l.rlldil' J"'"! "•' ■•^''■. ■ ■ ■ . St.itii.irv, (.ji.ipu.' I'a\iii^ tlid Prapn>, . Painliiiij, l.luTiiiiltd, '-"'"■•'"^'' Paintiii-, p.itdii, \ i-|''>aiim;s. I'd\al Pahkf I'(i>al ( ^ariiayc, . \ i-.wsAii.i.i:s ( iAi.i i:kv. I.ast \iitim^ dl ihc Pci-n d( Trridr. I'aintin-, .MiilkT, Napolcdii at AustiTkiz, . Paiiitinu, W'liU't I'ontai.\i;hi.i:au. Pd\al I'alaci- Tliroiu- Pddiii, Apartiiii'iit dt Tapi'strii's Apartment of Mmo. Jo .VViinioiidn SUUTHKRN FRANC:H. Niio ( ioiioial \ iou dl MdiKkii, < iaminii Hall, Mdnto Carki SPAIN'. ■ Sovillo Alhambra, ( iian kla, Intoiior df tlio Alhanihra, (irana.la Intoridi- (iioat MdSi|iio, Cdi'LidSM, Bull p-i-ht, Sovillo 'instantanodu.s, . ( iibialtar l'(JRTi:(;..\L. Li.shoii, 165 167 iCk; "7" 17? 175 177 17'" 181 183 187 IS.) i(j7 201 203 205 207 2CH) 21 I 213 2IS CONTFNTS 217 -'!'» 7JI 2Jt, 2Jy) -SI V ■it^li Alps _,_,, SWII/|,|/|.,\Mj. Kir. lu'iiIrM li5 ^17 ^"; 10 CONTENTS. t'A4.l<. ^2'^ ^-\- ^-.2^ ^U > > "> 3>5 Vv- ^5<) HI 34 3 Colosseum, Interior ot Colosseum, F^antlieo!! Bridi^e cjf St. Aivuelo .nui Tomb of Hiuirian, . St. Peter's aiul X'atiean, Interior of St. F^eter's, Vatican (iallery. Transti;:urati(in, . Paiiitiiiji, Kapiiael, . La Ballerina, . . Statuar\-, (^ano\',i, . I.aoeoonte, Statuary, . Naplus. TnleJii Street i lii'^tantaneous) . .V\OLNT \ F.SLAILS. Crater ^45 Pnwpm. Street of Tombs, ^47 Ci\il Forum ^41) Island of Capri. (leneral \'iew and l.andiiii.' ^;i Island of I.schia. Castello, ^,:;? ECVPT. ALilXANDRIA. Harbor :;;:; Place of Mehemet All, ^i;; Hiiyptian Cemetery, 359 e:AiR< ). C^itadel, ^61 Mosque of Miihammed .All, 3C3 Street Seene, ^(,e, Palaee of (iezireh, 367 On Camel-BaeK- ^Cx) Pyramids of Cjizeli 371 (Corner \ iew nf the (iri'at P\raniid 373 Till' Sphinx, 37^ The Colossi, I'pper Nik' 377 in Central Africa 37(j Suez Canal. Lantlin;; on Sue/ Canal, .(Instantaneous). . 3S1 Post Utiice, Suez 383 PALhSTlNH. Yaffa (ir .laffa Jerisalum. (ieneral \'iew (4 jerusak'm, Waiii.iji I^lace of the .Jews Street Scene, ( iardiii of ( ii'thsiMiiane, ... Bethlehem, • , , . 31 3S5 3.S7 389 39' 393 J5 Dead Sea Na/areth Jacob's Well, SYRIA. Interior of ( ireat MoM-iur, 1 )amascus, Baal beck 405 INDIA. kalbade\ie Roatl, B(iml\i\', Indra-Sabha-i'emple, l-.lkira, ... Royal Obser\at(ir\-, Madras, . . ... Benares Tropical Scenery, (Calcutta j 1 5 Cf:m.on. Tempk' of the looth, K-iiilIv, 417 Tea I'arm, 4111 CHINA. Nine Stor\' Pa;:oda, (Canton 421 Won;i Tai Ken, 423 .lAl'AN. Yokohama, 42s Jin-rickislia, (27 397 3W 401 403 407 4o<; 411 413 i 'i ^ 1 ^^ ' .^^iiimaaAiiiiiiiiu^i*m-, . .' State Street, Chicaj^o, ill., . . ' Ni.iL'ar.i Falls, N. Y. . . . Bunker Hill Monument, Boston, Mass 507 Nlw Youk Cmw N. Y. P.irk \in\v Brooklyn Brid>ie Lle\ated Railroad Statue of Liberty, PlIILADin.PHIA, PHXNA. Chestnut Street, St. Ai'ntsTiNF. Fla. Fort San Marco Ponce de Leon, Washington. D. C. The Capitol PACE. 469 471 47 3 475 477 483 4S5 4«7 489 491 493 495 497 4W 501 503 505 50<; 511 513 5"5 517 5 '9 521 5^3 ■*"*ir..*'V'*'' -•^•:-^.- •}-^^>} ^>^'' ^v^'*- •'5uV»»-;^ >^fliV-^^ BLARNEY CASTLE, IRELAND.— Here are obsers eJ the ruins of a famous olJ fortress, visited by tlunisands of tourists ever>' year, on account of a tradi- tion wliicii lias been attaclied for centuries to one of tlie stones used in building the castle. Its walls are 120 feet high and 18 feet thick ; but it is principally noted for the " Blarnev Stone," which is s.iid to be endowed with the property of communicating to those who kiss its polished surface, the gift of gentle Insinuating speech. The triangular stone is jo feel from the top, and contains this inscription: Cormack MacCarthy, " Fortis me fieri fecit A. D. 1446." 13 !!i i if IV ; , «^»i^B'te*«Ui*iWi^5*«i**i^^ .,w;■.^>*wi.i^««*^^-*«*^^***^'^*^ ..=«-*-* !i'.iJi«iJlPiS!ifHPHHIIWIiHy LAKES OF KILLARNEY, IRELAND.— These are three connected lakes, near the centre of County Kerry. The largest contahis thirty islands, and covers an area of fifteen square miles. The beautiful scenery along the lakes consists in the gracefulness of the mountain outlines and the rich and \aried colorings of the wooded shores. Here the beholder falters, and his spirit is overawed as in a dream, while he contemplates the power and grandeur of the Creator. Tie lakes are visited by thousands of tourists ar.nually. The above photograph gives a general view of them. IS '( DUBLIN, IRELAND.— Dublin, the capital and chief city of Ireland, is the centre of the political, ecclesiastical, educational, commercial, military and railroad enterprises of the kingdom. It is the residence of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and it claims a high antiquity, having been in existence since tlie time of Ptolemy. In the ninth century it was taken by the Danes, who held sway for over two hundred years. In 1 169 it was taken back by the English, and seven years later, its history began to be identified with that of Ireland. The city is divided into two parts by tlie Liffey, which is spanned by nine bridges. The photograph represents Sackville Street, one of its principal thoroughfares. .# \i 'V» .j£^%a, &ux-%< iiAV.< .-*^ GIANT'S CAUSEWAY, IRELAND.— Tlie Giant's Causeway derives its name from a mytliical legend, representing It to he the commencement of a road to be constructed by giants across the channel from Ireland to Scotland, it is a sort of pier or promontory of columnar basalt, projecting from the north coast of Antrim, Ireland, Into the North Sea. k is divided by whin-dylces Into the Little Causeway, the Middle or " Honeycomb Causeway," here repre- sented, and the Grand Causeway. The pillars vary in diameter from fifteen to twenty inches, and In height, from ten to tw5nty feet. It is a most curi- ous formation. LOCH LOMOND, SCOTLAND.— Here is presented the largest and, in many respects, the most beautiful of the Scottisii Lal^i'^'^^iSmii^^Si^_ ,,,,,^^^.^^,0^^^^^'^^^^ LIME STREET, LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND. -Situated on the north-east side of the River Mersey, near its mouth, stands the above city, extending tor miles alouK its banks. Liverpool is noted for tlie maKnit'iLence of its docks, which are constructed on the inost stupendous scale, and said to cover, IncludinR the dry docks, over two hundred acres, and tifteen miles of quays. Us principal avenue is Lime Street, represented by the above picture. The large building In the centre is the Terminal Hotel, of the London and Northwestern Railway, which starts from the rear of the building. 31 "i » il i- 1 '' f mi *fcfS;.''iAs-i*»''Vt.-»^-i>niii^.i MANCHESTER, ENGLAND.— Manchester is the chief industrial town of England, and the great metropolis of the manufacturers of cotton, silk, worsted, chemicals and machinery. Most of tlie streets of the older parts of the city are narrow, but those in the new parts are wide and attractive. The above picture represents Piccadilly Street, which is one of the principal thoroughfares. This avenue is bordered by magnificent shops, and always crowded with pedestrians, omnibuses and other vehicles. The statue in the centre is that of the Duke of Wellington. Piccadilly has a very animated appearance. 33 I i I ! '! 1 MM ,,..»«MK»i^.-a«^a«»Mt/(i<*»Ma^^ f,(mto4i»» t.iw-.jtfUirf-'wsaW'i. WARWICK CAS FLE, WARWICK, ENGLAND.— Warwick, a quaint old town willi twelve tlunisanj inliabitants, is situated on a hill rising from the River Avon, and is a place of great antiquity, having been originally a British settlement, and afterward occupied by the Romans. Legend goes back for its foundation to King Cymbeline, and the year one. On a commanding position, overlooking the Avon, stands Warwick Castle, the ancient and stately home of the Earl of Warwick. The castle, which is one of the finest and most picturesque feudal residences in England, dates from Saxon times. » ^li HI; .... ....^jH^siemamttmmmmtam „>...u^»...,U>:^gAl L.3y tl^^ ^,iM,.»tm^M>M^d^U'UllM, .ifaiMii''ii .^■■uSBWmnMw"'' 4' SHAKESPEARE'S HOUSE, STRATFORD-ON-AVON, ENGLAND.— Of all the ancient caslles and monuiiieiits throughout England, th; house of William Shakespeare at Stratford-on-Avon is perhaps the most Interesting and popular. The chief hterary glory of the world was born here, April 23, 1564, which gives his home an ancient and noted history. The house has undergone various vicissitudes since his time, but the frameworl< remains substantially un- altered. The rooms to the right on tlie ground floor contain Interesting collections of portraits, early editions of his productions, his school-desk and signet- ring. The garden, back of the house, contains a selection of the trees and flowers mentioned in his plays. 3? ^^mmmmmmmmm ^mm W ^1 i: 11 *i*waisa*sci^iitefcitet-)&s,a OSBORNE HOUSE, ISLE OF WIGHT, ENGLAND.— This is tlie residence of tiie Queen of England; it was completed in 1845, and is located near Co'.ves. The latter tawn is on the north coast of tlie Isle of Wight, directly opposite to the mouth of Southampton Water. The port between them is the chief one of the island, and the headquarters of the Royal Ya^ht Squadron. Behind the harbor the house" -e picturesquely on gentle wooded slopes, and numerous vUias adorn the vicinity. Magnificent resldepcer- and castles are located near by, of which ths above picture is a fair representation. ■mm i^mm^nrw^n^^^ltm ^mmmmmmmum ^mmmmmmmmmmmmm i ! I '•:' f .1 j ,1 9!PiPiPP ,j...,^j«ia«i»»»^' HAMPTON COUKT I'M. ACL, IIAMI'ION COURT, ENGLAND. This p;iUe \\,i> luiilt by CauliiiMi Wulx'v.the i.i\(iiite ol Horny VIIL, aiiJ \v,is alterwards presented to tlie King. It was siihseqiiently occupied liy Cmiinvell, tlie Stewarts, William III., an 1 the first two inonarchs of the House of Han- over. '>ince the time of Georce II., Hampton Court has ceased to he a royal residence, and is now inhabued by various pensioners of the Crown. The various rooms that were formerly occupied by the royalty, are now devoted to the use ol an e.xlensive picture-gallery. ji. iif MLi tiimm w"«" ' ^^"n^^^wwippw^^pii wmmm I pi| 11 1 Mi i^^^isfmfimiimiinim^ '■'^ ■'Sj4 GREENWICH OBSERVATORY, GREENWICH, ENGLAND.-Greenwich Observatory is siiiiateJ six miles from l.onJon Bridge, on a iiill one iiunJreJ and eighty feet higli, in tiie centre of Greenwich Park. It marl\s the Meridian from whicli English astronomers malmii:.iiiM&*^-i''^- .L^am^iita. MIDLAND GRAND HOTEL AND ST. PANCRAS STATION, LONDON, ENGLAND.— The roof of this station is said to be tlie most extensive in the world, being seven hundred feet long, two hundred and forty feet span, and one hundred and fifty feet high. Tlie l\olel is the terminus of the railw:ty by the same name, and is one of the largest in London. Travellers arriving at the metropolis of the world, by aim ist any of Ih'. large railway lines, .:an secure acco.nmodations at the end of their journey in the Railway Hotel. 49 :!l I "^ »/.«■ ■<■'!■ THE STRAND, LO^ It is very broad, coiit important thorouglifa gardens stretcliing do ,.,a.»i*.ai»^iU-te'riH»<«^- jjJl^^r-^'"*'-'^'^^"^^- THE STRAND, LONDON, England. This street lias been so iiainej from its sl;"■ ^"*»i pr?se,u?i;'nd!M'?nS; 'SS '^'m'''-"?"''"^ ^T '.'" '"?'" ""'^ ''"'"'" ""^^^ ^-^'^"^ ^^•^^"^•'" ""^^es over tl,e Tlu.mes, on the site of the f,ncZ l^ T, \ , ' o^ ' ""^ '"'■■■'^' ''^' ""'^^'' '"■ J-^^foyea by fire. Tliis bridge w.is besiiii in 1825 ar.J completed in i8n at •. cost of 1 eCTire I ". If .f' '1 f p"*^ ^'."^ '"^ '"' "'^^' '^ ''''"' ''^' ''^"^ «^^"'"^ '''^'''' ''"' '" ^''^ ^"-^ ^re h:nin« a span of 5 feet. he m >P0 ^ on the bndge are ca.t of tl,e metal of French cannons captured in the Peninsular War. About 15.000 vehicles and ■oo,o, c -1 ™ x: i; 1" o ■^ E r3 vi r. x: 'J p tx i» r3 0^ u F '/I ij" -1 o r*. *- tx F u •J LIl ^ a o J:^ -T* -3 o Z3 o C tc 7) — ' .— 1^ L. ;? u- I- 'ri a T s- y. < n ^ 5 12 ■-^, •■f LU -3 7! 8 71 OJ fi ^^> *-' T7 .■i2 —J > •J -3 5 LU u y. 02 :=t- c m •' — —J :i. <; i j^ 2 2C LU 7 *z^ 7Z f- ■n •^ ' f/1 i" *" ;^ 3 • OJ > 5; ^ UJ ■-1 *-^*^ HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, LONDON, ENGLAND.— These edifices form a siiiKle pile of bulldlnKs of the richest Gothic style. They cover over eight acres, contain one iuindred stair-cases, eleven hundred apartments, and cost |i5,ooo,ooo. They are perhaps the most costly national structure in the world. The Queen enters on the opening and prorogation of Parliament through the Victoria Tower, which is three hundred and forty feet high. The Imposing river-front ol the edifice is nine hundred and forty feet long, and adorned witn statues of English monarchs, from William the Conqueror to Queen Victoria. 6J ni? m TRAFALGAR SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND.— Here is one of the finest open pl.ices in London. This Kre;it s.>iare, wliicli is .1 centre of attr.Ktion, was dedicated to Lord Nelson, and commenior.ites liis glorious death in tlie battie of Trataluar, Octolier 22, 1805, nairvd hy tile En^iish fleet over tlie com'hined armaments of France and Spain, hi the centre of tlie square, rises to the memory of the great hero, a massive urani'te colunin, one hundred and fiftv-four feet high, and crowned with a statue of Nelson. At tlie foot of the pedestal is inscribed his last command, " England e.\pects every man will do his duty." "y9C- Bl It' Ion «»,i' a cross. The monument is one hundred and seventy-live feet ImkIi, and gorgeously embellished with broni- and marble statues, gildings, colored stones and mosaic. n Ml A a I ex pr b> ^^lin*»**ifMiit-;-iMi»>).u ANTWERP, Belgium.— Antwerp, the capital of a province of its own name, stands on the right bank of the Scheldt. It is strongly fortified ; its walls and other defences completely encompass the city on the land sides, having more than twelve miles of massive ramparts. The appearance or Antwerp is exceedingly picturesque, an effect produced by its numerous churches, convents, magnificent public buildings, its elaborate and extensive fortifications, the profusion of beautiful trees, and by the stately antique-looking houses which line its older thoroughfares. Of the docks, dock-yards and basins, constructed by Bonaparte at an expense of >io,ocio,ooo, the last only remains. Its harbor is one of the fmest in the world. 73 PAN of th grou struc -ii,««<..w»-v. ..^*^-^*^^vfc'^4ia4»e*>^.Wf:-a«iiwM* ,.,(,vi'jlJ*;i»«.-i-.SWi.A*fc'k'-< PANORAMIC VIEW OF BRUSSELS, BELGIUM— Brussels, the capital of Belgium and the residence of the royal family, is situated nearlv in the centre of tlie Kmgdom. The above picture presents a general view of the city, the tile roofs of the houses, with the Palace of justice looming up in the l\icl<- ground. This stately edifice, completed in 1883, was erected at an expense of over $10,000,000. This high tower of marble forcibly suggests the mighty structures of ancient Egypt or Assyria, and the vast amount of energy spent in their erection. 7J1 ■ •4, PAI.ACE OF THE KING, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM— The above editke originally consisted of two liuilJinss, which were erected during the last century. These were connected hy an intervening structure, and adorned in 1S27 with a Corinthian colonnade. It is one of the principal and notable buildings of the City of Brussels. The interior contains a number of apartments handsomely fitted up, and a great variety of ancient and modern pictures. A flag hoisted on the palace announces the presence of the King. 77 B P( C(l th '.mw -zerrr # " 1 BOURSE, BKUSSHLS, R[:LG1UA\. — In the centrnl portion of the City of Brussels, on tlie Boulevard Aiispacii, rises tlie Bourse or New Exchange, an im- posing pile in Louis XIV. style. Its vast proportions and almost excessive richness of ornamentation combine to make the building wortliv of being the commercial centre of an important metropolis ; but it has been sadly disfigured by the application of a coat of paint, necessitated by the foible nature of the stone, 'ihe principal facade is embellished with a Corinthian colonnade, to which there is an ascent of twenty steps. ■ain'^jKi.'i"'-^' ■•'■^■•- ■« ■ .•''w««'~'' i*tos«ttiift»*s**»*^ ■■' -^ . *♦-. 4j (/I - ._ o ^ •^ u IJ ^ 'J ^. - Ti 1' ■'i rj 4J 'iZ -n ■^ _■—, - " c: f= "^ ~:3 -J *n O 1. r3 — " c- -u u u D — - H i- ^ 1» _^ 1— ^ — I- 3 i^ ■*^ J3 ■J -3 'J B x ij •y, •ri —I v^ r3 -=i x< '-( I'i 'n r3 r- ::: /t ■- tL c /. P x> !.« ^ > Tc ■J \t i L ^ — ^ = .'^ —7 ij '. ::: ■ ' 5* ^ -n •^ > ^| i» 'J c > 7, — '_' »- ■J .^ •z. ■t2 J. U r 'J -1 J-1 -r3 ■^ ^r Cm /y X. Xi c C -I :i: ~ ^ ' — E r |— ' tj; •n u ■— c ^ ; z: rt p /- _J ■u c u '/; ,^ ^. -r ■f, •u E ■ ; -^ ^ 'J s c u ~3 P3 e ■gn i^ssoimtmikaammmmm D = O 15 5 ^ iT a. ~ — c iJ '■'> -^ t z y 'n " -5 ^ - nr ^ — £:::;£ 1 rt i! u ^ ~ 3 s 3.g z^ - 1, U. *- -•• O 1^ < - U n c a ^ rj -^ ov cr ^ !l '^ n «7 ' iC ^ 4 i^ S( th Sli itaiaMl i."uMi'jtihV ' .--;'■■ ■•t'.'^ ■^'. -■•'' ^*Mtiiiini*'*^f^^^ SCHEVbNiNtiEN. HOLLAND.- This Liiuous aiiJ popular summer re.si^rt is annually visited bs' thousands of people. Tlie sand is tirm and smooth, and the place possesses a threat advantane over other waterinK-places on the North Sea, havin>}: The Hague and woods in close proximity, the latter aftordinR pleasant and shady w.ilUs. What appear like wooden posts driven in the sand in the aliove picture, are wicker-hasket chairs, with roofs to keep off the sun. Scores ot canvas tents line the shore, and thousanUs of people lie on the beach from early morning until late at night. 85 Af ot mi ''*^M--..-. W^kS ^ AMSTERDAM, HOLLAND.— This is tlie largest and most important city in Holland, and constitutionally its capital. It stands on a soft, wet ground, under which, at a depth of titty feet, is a hed of sand. Into this sand piles are driven, on which buiMinps are reared, a fact which Rave rise to the jest ol Erasmus of Hiitterdaiii, tliat he l^new a city whose inhabitants dwelt nn tops of trees like rooks. The city is surrounded by grassy meadows. Amsterdam ranks much higher as a trading than as a manufacturing town. The photograph represents St. Antoine Street. 87 WIN watei the id theZ imiiid WINDMILL, HOLLAND.— Millions wonder that a country so situated as Holland can exist ; and the stranger is almost unable to decide whetlier land or broken and compressed coasts, those deep bays and great rivers, the lakes and canals crossing each other, all combine to give ly at any time disintegrate and disappear. In the thirteenth century tiie sea broke the dykes in northern Holland and formed the ZuyderZee, destroying m.uiy s'illages .ind causing tlie death of eighty thousand people. To drain the lakes, and save the country from destructive inundations, the Hollanders press the air into their ser\ii.e, \\liii.h is represented by the above windmill. 89 water predominates. Those the idea of a country that may at any CHF Norv it \va Of til CHRISTIANSAND, NORWAY.— Cliristiansand is the largest town on the south coast of the Scandina\'ian peninsula, anJ the residence of one of the five Norwegian Bishops. It is beautifully situated at the mouth of the Otteraa, on the Christiansand Fjord. The town is named after Christian IV., by whom it was founded in 1641, and is regularly laid out with streets intersecting at right angles. It possesses an e.xcellent harbor, at which all the coasting steamers of that country, and those from England, Germany and Denmark, arrive regularly. 9» .ii**^' 1% v>r-> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) J 1.0 I.I 1.25 l-^ liM IIIII2.5 1.4 2.0 1.6 0=-^ ^, " ''' ^ ^> o 7 /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 145B0 (716) 872-4503 \ ^q\ N? :\ \ "% <^ ^ ^ &>/ 6^ ■'Ill I I'^^^^mmmmmimmmmmm^mmmmm N/ERDFJORD, GUDVANGEN, NORWAY.— One of the grandest and most picturesque of the many Fjords on the broken coast of Norwav, is repie- >ented iiere. Enormous waterfaiis, formed by the melting snows and ice, are seen along tlie steep precipice> of tlie liigl) mountains on e\ erv side. Tlie mountains on both sides of tliis inland sea, rise to the height of several thousand feet. The steamer in tlie foreground is one of tlie m.niv tiiat make weekly trips between Christiansand and Hammerfest, the latter being the most northern town in tiie world. During tlie summer season, these steamers are crowded with tourists to their utmost capacity. This fact evinces the grandeur of the place, and the interest it must afford to travellers. 91 NORTH CAPE, Norway.— This cnpe (71" 10' N. I .if.l, lonsistin;; of a dark rtax slali-rock, furrowed uitli Ji-ep clclt-;, risiiiR ahnipth' from the sea, is usually coiisiJerod the most northern point ot Europe ; its height is ahout nine hundred and se\ent>' teet. The iiortli eepiuK at midnight (the time this pliotonraph was taken) alonj; the hori/on, and llie inimeasuralile ocean in apparent I'ontait witli tlie sides, form the j;randest outlines and the most sublime pitli.res to the astonished leliulder. Here, us in a dream, the manv tares and an\ielies of restless mortals seem to ailniinate. ■» rsr K6ii^"Si; »-»i?'«.'.'..4,^,_^,x -• •t'':'S''h,. 11 >>^ »* s^^i^;;^. ^ -■-■ ■H:«g!!rW^ tS: hSl^ idiilU STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN.— Stockholm, the capital of the Kingdom of Sweden, lies at the Influx of Lake Malaren Into an arm of the Baltic Sea. The situation cf the town, on Islands, on a plain, and on rocky hills surrounded by water and Islands In every direction, is exceedingly picturesque. StockliDlni has therefore, not inaptly, been called the " Venice of the North." One of the most striking peculiarities of the city >.ciisists in the fact, tliat it lies In Immediate proximity with primeval forests and rocky Islands, where, to this day, there Is hardly a trace of cultivation. Communicatiun bet\\een differ- ent parts of the city Is maintained by numerous small steam ferry-boats. 97 Il GENERAL VIEW OF MOSCOW, RUSSIA.— Moscow, which was at one time the capital ot all Russia and home of the Czar, was founded nearly seven hundred and fifty years ago. The principal event in its iiistory is the burning of it in 1812, for the purpo.se of dislodging the French from their winter quar- ters during the French and Russian war. The city is built with strange irregularities, having streets and numerous paltry lanes opening all at once into magnificent squares. It has a great number of churches and monasteries, and a university with one thousand students. This photograph represents the principal portion of the city and the river Muskva, on whose bank it is situated, with the Kremlin in the distance, piercing tlie air with itf lofty spires. -I I ^ 'in JZ c — -3 n ■n tf ~ 1^ > 1 T ♦^ ■-< >■ **. r. cr .*_ "ti •n '-£^ ■f. w •rt 7. ■'I —. (/) 5 W ?1 c 1 ■^ V Z3 1 ■^ ffl o - i> X- 3 c o c o '7 > i2 3 ■J •r. E _ C ?; 7) 3 03 !» 'J •f. _c 3 ,c , * 1-; •^^ -* V tf) *-< — — 1^ XI -n ■ — <1> ^ o c "2 ■J -3 ^ X P 'J .= ii 1J ■r. &. 7i B V i> . u E •^ ■u Xt -Li •/i 1^ c 1 o -3 2i < E -3 D. lA ■n e CQ 'J ^ n a > E 3 V) -: U '— 'X V O *-• — 1 o S £. '5 c 5 _j ■J n C s- o < a. \t m -1 ^ r. (/5 Oi -3 'i K. •r. *-> c -3 c: E 2 3 2 u. O X u > 3 n •3 -o OS o c 1) 1> t« I n u o b tn Ui-:5 W)T3 5 •r; O - E ^ oi c .o J- 5 n -T! S ■^ 3 n ^ (J u. 4» ,, n n jr r* 'J aj u- •i ' J ^ a: „.*■: .„ != - 3 ^ " ,.r<. c ~ ~v 3 i *-f' u >- L. c C ' *- \J >- c ^ 2 .' ■; l>'' <^ c -T I. >■' s_.' ..-a > - r~ ^ U ":^ "1 ^h. a ,- rt oj '-^ ^g^ •A 1 S 3 .= li >. « - 1 ^^«l 5 3^ 8 J ♦»l»l < n'Uljt •r, si iJ *l □i sell' P = ^ ■§ f: '^;, ^ =^? U 'J) >- ./., bt ■■- o j^if _r > ■ — 1^ ^^C! o ■:=5 . E 1:- -J ist in 1755 6. The b s a chapel ess of the i |i. . - ■ a: \\ ^^ r: c }\fK. (/I i^ "£ ~3 -5 ? .= 3 -S i ..•;■'■-; 'fT^ r:-'.» WINTER PALACE, ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA.— This magnificent palace is fronted with a large number of Corinthian coiiimns, which give it a form- idable yet beautiful appearance. On the top, along the front and sides, it is adorned by a number of statues representing various emblems and figures in Russian history. The most beautiful apartment of the edifice is the Salle Blanche, or white salon, where the court fetes are held. The room contains tlie crown jewels of Russia, and is decorated in pure white and gold. The effect is most dazzling. -- «« - THE CA I'HEDRAL, COLOGNE, GERMANY.— This builditiB justly excites tlie admiration of every beliolder, and is probably the most magnificent Gothic editke in the world. It stands on a slight eminence, sixty feet above the Rhine. As early as the ninth century, an Episcopal church occupied the site, but the inhabitants regarded it to be unworthy, as compared with the prosperity of the city, and consequently started a new one. The foundation-stone of the present structure was laid on August 14, 1248. On the 15th of October, 1880, the completion of the cathedral was celebrated in the presence of William I- 107 I ■x-:'-'^< jf- m^^^^ " , /'•tf^ '* .-^^^ <^:.^ «^i^ a P F ■•■ i# ;.*^'-'' ?fe P =t:^ »t'" ,_-i3! ^"' 5i^ i;i( iS' ■^2^ ^^•; Kr^:t« ^^3iS 1*5 ^ £ S: *-^'' - jtfy ■i*=#*?C- ui- r2 '"'^^^^-'^-^ ■i-jgu^. BINGEN. Germany,- BinKen, a Hessian town of Prussia, with a population of 7100, is situated at tlie confluence of the Nahe and Rhine rivers. The Romans erected a castle here in 70, when a battle was fought between them and the Gauls, Bingen carries on a large trade in wine, st.irch and leather The town is in a beautiful and highly picturesque country, and is visited by thousands of tourists during the summer season. On an island in the Rhine is the " IWaeusethurm," or " Rat Tower," a structure erected in the thirteenth century. Bingen Is celebrated in song, poetry, story and history. 109 si hi c^.'-ym '^ W f ~^: i-w VVsD^OfH • -'"saa?!3^ "6(iS"a*' ''-^sWMrM^' is»»fl, *«5?««! k - ^l m EHRnNRKhl I'STHIN, ("iliKMANV. This small town, willi l\w tliousaiiJ lliitv luiiiJieJ InhabilaiUs, piettil\- situated in a \alley, is crowiieJ with tlie fortresses of Klireiihreitstein and Asterstciii, which are connected with CoMenz by a hridpie of boats, about four hundred yards in length. The majestic fortress of Khrenlireitstein rises opposite tlie intlux of the Moselle, and is situated on a precipitous rock, three hundred and einhty-tive feet above the Rhine, inaccessible on three sides, and connected with the neinhboriiiK heights on the north side only. The view from the top is one of the finest on the Rhine. It embraces the fertile Rhine Valley from Stolzenfels to Andernach. lit I !i Iff^yK-imt'O *stDJ,ft;' JtJtttftlllt * '!IU1'\ iW^;i\>- fi>\ f B*^ r> r« si'-^WCtt*^,- ■-.^g*^ •- ■,:.-.in>y^ 5s«^*^^ THE PLEISSENBURG, LEIPSIC, Germany.— Leipsic is one of the great commercial cities of Germany, the centre of tiie German book-trade, tlie seat of llie supreme law-courts of the German Empire, and contains one of the most ancient and important universities in Europe. The interior of tlie city con- sists of lofty and closely built houses, dating chietly from the seventeentli and eighteenth centuries, and is surrounded by five handsome suburbs, beyond which '•' a series of villages, almost adiacent to the town. The Pleissenburg is now used for barracks and public oflices. r ^ UNTER DEN LINDEN, RERUN, GERMANY.— Berlin, the capit.il of Prussia and tlie home of tlie Emperor, witli its large and beniitiliii buildings and its regularity of streets, ranks among the finest cities in Europe. The most noted street is that called " Unter den Linden,'' 'he city's pride, a broad and imposing thoroughfare, resembling the boulevards of Paris. It contains four rows of trees, ornamented at one end by the Brandenburg Gate, and at the other by the equestrian statue of Frederick the Great, well represented by this photograph. The palace of the king, different gardens, the aquarial museum and many other noted buildings border on " Unter den Linden," which is nearly a mile Ions, and thronged ail day with pedestrians. "7 ii ROYAL PALACE, BERLIN, GERMANY.— This palace, six liiinJreJ and fifty feet \ong, tliiee iiiinJreJ and eipility foot wide, and reitannular in toiiii, lises In four stories to the heii;ht of one hundred feet, while the dome on the right is two hundn-d and tin: ly feet hit;h. In the tinio nf Frederick the Great it served as a residence for all the members of the royal family, contained all the royal collections, ,ind was the seat of so\eral Rinernnient ot^icials. Now It is used tor reception rooms, and a dwellinn for royal officials. The extenior of tlie pal.ko is massive and imposing ; the interior is beautifully embellished. 3 3 OJ c c: 4J o 1^ v i: *~ "^ "3 " 5 'S :^ -3 .^ -^ "? V J= "to I — p ■A S .; -ii ^ .'■ ^ y L^ ^ ^- "3 = -J tc UJ ii " — • — o £ « -^ 5 ^ . X c " C3 t--5 ^ Sf m^i 2 T J UJ -u ? 5 - c (J. o OO 1/5 i; ii s > S !i' li; THE BRANDENBURG GATE, BERLIN, GERMANY.— The Br.inJeiiburg G.ite, forming the entrance to Berhii, frtiin tlie ThierRnrten, was erected in 1793 in imitation of the Propykua at Atliens. It is 8; feet high and 205 feet wide, and lias fi\e different passages, separated by massive Doric columns. It Is at tile one end of " Unter den Linden," and its middle passage is reserved for royal carriages only. The material is sandstone, and it is surmounted by a Quadriga of Victory from copper, t.iken to Paris by Napoleon In 1807, but restored in 1814. On the side are two wii'^s resembling Grecian Temples, gne of which is a pneumatic post-office and the other a guard-house. Both combine in their construction, strength, elegance and beauty. ^ ^mmuiu r:^^^ i r ( i'; E -.=7- Ol « < ^ ■- Q 1 •= ^ ^ I ^.i P V, >■ 3 :::^ ^ 'J i5 _' if i^ - '5 = LL! - S S .lit? i ^2 ea < J> ^ -3 -C <5| Qi - i C r -1 "^ _ C 8 = . T - v^ ^^ '■•— .m ■= n£ .— Vi It j_, G :^ < X Q. < a: >■ 02 - '■ u ^ I i - ::: 2 O ^ u ~3 <^ £- O 'r^ C 5 Z ^ - j:^ -5 c < "1 =: F -- o t/l ■§■":* i! -3 — ° 12 " £ 3 C Z. 2 T u .'S ?^ •^ E 2: > ji .= I^FJ,.*^^^ '***^J|^^J^^^ ^ ^ ^ ■■ * '■»-■->-■'■ jj^^ '^tST jflii^BJIi^^r ^i5^BrrTL^_ ■'■■'' .;f;''"'V- '"''^ ■.•':;■>■■ ■j''','''v'-wj''-' i MAU. iALl£NE (,BV BattoNI), Dresden Gallery, dresden, germany. 131 ) ^ I IM 3 ! i Jl fl BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF PARIS, FRANCli.— Paris, the lMrj;t'st city in the rieiKJi Repulilic, and its capital, covers an area of thirty square miles, with a population of about two millions. Tiie river Seine, which Hows through the centre of the city, is spanned liy twenty-eimht bridges, of which the seven principal are shown on this photograph. The city Is noted for its line parl.s, inayniCicent churches, colossal buildinRs, and wide boulevards, of which the Champs Elysees Is the most famous, Paris is the centre of the political, artistic, scientific, commercial and industrial life if the nation. »J3 PLACE DE LA CONCORDE, PAr, 4; t/i 3 O a: o (A. n "*j 1- c^ 1- -u 1> X N H x: -*-. p "3 3 n XJ 3 .- VJ O c ■u '/, — ^ r, rs :? "i tf. .c '-» ■J i: c •? ' E ■7. 'X, 1* ,^ ■n >, ^3 C 13 C i> H 5 c v o c F 'J a; c o H a rt c c 1 r: •n u o c E E z < 'J "H. 1 u. n :i. ^ , ;^ x: 3 < c o ^ n O. 3 O •J V. M "Z. ^ :? •- jU s 3 l> S C (/5 _) '/) — 1 •-J r: p c 11 ^o U IJ TJ UJ n 3 >- 1J •r. 3 tin _j X n -5 <1J o o J= ^ o f : ^ .i E ^ s B = (§^ ^ £. E "S <= .a VJ o H -^ .4- -3 c i; , c 9! c ^f K Q 2i "^ o 1> * r3 = n^ E ii o 3 E t- -' ^ « .h n ■^ N .52 ^ :H o. ♦^ 1^ ^ C 3 — x < u c (£ r - < a. -3 c o £ .= £, c *- E Z - 2 o t! — U -S ii S Y E > aS E >, O XJ c =3 (I ) ROYAL PALACE, PARIS, FRANCE.— The above p.il.Ko, crivltvl In CirJiiinl RiLlielie.i in 16^4, was occupied after his death by Anne of Austria, the widow of Louis XIIL, witli lier sons, Louis XIV. and Pliilip of Orlc.iiis, tlu'ii in tlieii minority. In i.Si; Uie Orleans f.miily reRained po'.session of tile P.ilais Royal ; and it was occupied by Louis Philippe to 1850. Slmrtly bolore the outbreak ot tiie resolution ol .lu"\', lie tj.ive a sumptuous ball here In honor of Neapolitan notabilities then visitiiiK Paris. In 18/ 1, the Conimuiiists set the Palais Royal on lire, but it has since been carefully restored. M7 — HJ, CAIHbDHAL OH NOTKE DAME, PAWIS, FRANCE.— Founded in 1163, but ncit completed until the thirteenth century. Since then the building has been frequently altered. During the Revolution the cathedral was sadly desecrated. The side chapels were devoted to orgies of various kinds. In 1802 It was again re-opened by Napoleon as a palace of divine worship. During 1871 Notre Dame was desecrated by the Communists. The treasury was rifled and the building used as a military depot. When the insurgents were compelled to retreat, they set fire to the church, but fortunately little damage was dune. m Mil rrmrm^ummmmmmmmmmmmmmm ii PALACE OF JUSTICE, PARIS, FRANCE.— This palace, occupying tlie site of the ancient palace of the kings of France, was presented by Charles VIII., In I43I, to the Parliament or Supreme Court of Justice. The palace was so much InjureJ by fire in 1618 and in 1776, that nothing of it now remains except the two round domes wliich are seen on the right of the picture. Tlie bridge seen in connection with the avenue in the foreground, spans the Seine, having been built by Napoleon, while the avenue itself leads to the Exchange. 15' ■"•^■^^"■^■mpBBmiB f^mmmmmmmmmmm 'f ARC OF TRIUMPH, PARIS, FRANCIi.—Tliis is the finest triumpiwil ;ircli in existence. It is situ;ited .it une end il the ClKiinps Elysees,oii an eminence, and can be seen from nearly every part of the city. Twelve magnificent avenues radiate from it, ne :rly all of th.em sloping upward to the arch. It \sas commenced by Napoleon I. in 1806, and completed by Louis Philippe in 1836, at a cost of $2,000,000. '53 r ; ij' .c > R X q= if "5 o -1 5 ^ ■n — ^i Xi •n o ^ >. U "3 ■r. — m "~^ 1—; x» ■n .— 1) '-J c M t v2 B o T3 E •n rt •n OJ rl "3 b/; > W) 1> r3 -3 U' n a> c _^ "3 a x» 5 -i 1J n: >i '? Xi JS ?3 H ,r; a> 1 sz •J '/ E c _c "3 « LU ;S ■^ U -J > c 1) < u. •A r3 1) •n C '/I u ^ ns ■s c >^ < c n: r Q. ^ OJ ,,_, (/J —I ■*-' ■*- UJ -^ c c o a 9 ^-/ O. > 3 E Z u (U o en Q X -3 > o •J E o v, UJ 13 '•^ c O Q 1 x* > J ' ' TOMB OF NAPOLEON, PARIS, FRANCE.— This tomli is situated beiieatli tlie Dome des invalides, in an open circular crypt, twenty feet in deptli and thirty-six feet in diameter. Tlie walls are of polished granite, adorned with ten marble reliefs. On the mosaic pavement rises tiie Sarcophagus, tliirteen feet long, six and one-half feet wide, and fourteen and one-half feet high, a huge block of reddish-brown granite, weighing sixty-seven tons, and costing J30,ooo. At the further end of the crypt appears Napoleon's last request : " I wish tliat my ashes rest on the banks of the Seine, in the midst of the French people, wliom I loved so well." To tliese words, as well as to the tomb of the great leader, every Frenchman reverts with pride. •57 — A' ■« 2 E t ~ -3 i: 1! X. V £ -1 ^ *- " ^ j; « -J Ji - n I ^*- '-J ^ 1^ ° "^ E w bi C c r- -3 C M O E -2 5 ~ *- = F .■-^ ^ u ^ ^ •A C 4^ '~^ p. 't: Df: .i = > > ^ ly ^ *-; X E E t; £ ij - o E ^ ■ £ S pep c - !:^ 1. S 2 .S £ ■= 'r: t^ >i J- _ n 3 v) '5 OJ ■« C OJ < 'J — 'z; > U- M ./■■ = ■'^ a. 'J 'J ■" -^ y 73 j= .:£ ■" — ' — >- -3 L- UJ Li. 5 j: ,5 I LOUVRE BUILDINGS, PARIS, FRANCE.— Here are presented llie most imp.irtaiit piiMic lniilJin;;s in Palis, liotji arcliitectiir-iiiy and on account of tlie treasures ot art tliey contain. The oldest part of the Louvre lias lieen tlie s^on^; of many historical events. It Is divided iato two different sections, II le ground llo(ir In-int; devoted to .in Ejjvplian nuiseuin. The other apartnients cont.iin tlie Asiatic museum, collections of -.ncient sculpture, collections of Renaissance sculpture, collections ot modern sculpture, a picture-galler\', a salon of the .ancient hron/.es, and a collection of (Ireek and other antit|uitles. m A m TOMB OF PHILLIPPE POT, LouvRt Gallery, PARIS, FRANCE. > < = 1/ ^ ^ £ ' ^ s £ $ " t c 3 a: if ^ " 1 a: £ ^ E S t x r ^ ^ r- :i p Q. -3 -',-'■- ^ C i 1. w £ — — .^ — J 3 JJ . - -^ ^ ^ ^' X, -n 3 JJ -J i ^ ' :x = . , ^' — - i> c 5 ■/■, r: -1 "^ _k :r 7 X. — n ■- 1^ -u 1^ < :c- ~ oil m ^ >■ < >• rjn "3 ^^ .2 iJ £ X a 1> C ARREST IN THE VILLAGE (BY Salmson), Luxembourg gallery, Paris, FRANct. I •-3 i - i> r ■^ ^ ■^^ Vol .. t; 75 ^ ^ 1^ V ^ '/, *-- mm 1 ^ "^ , ■*-> "? - ■u o r^ S -3 1^ 1/ >, It 7= X V "_ - h* ^ ~ rz: tt TZ f. ■r £ E > ^ Xt X 1; ■t jz n *2 ^- 6 'S ~J 'J r3 ^ U ~ „ .i; 73 ^ 1/ ■* v: 7 ^ n , ^ t ~ '> "tr ;? X a ■^ z "3 t; 73 s E 1^ 72 S 1> :? •z ^ lII i> ^ -T r3 Xi g ^ 'C '7. — ■ z "2 u 1. -3 r r3 i; 'v! 1^ VJ < t -C -:3 Tj u- X. c ■V ■~ r. \j ■r. 1 ^ - ■j- — s: -rj :i --- Q i, b 'r -3 ^ ~i ^ ":;^ c " ir -' -3 Tc *j. c ■J y: 'S r3 E J] ^ 2 c ^, ■V u ;^ t u ^ s •£ i* 5 o ^^^M('.h. M ^"^»ss";?v. ;:!i ', PAYINCi THE REAPERS (BY LHHRAMTTE), LUXEA\BOURG GALLERY, PARIS, FRANCE. -This famous painting, from wliicli tlie photograph is a direct Liipv. represents a farm scene. Tlie laborers have just tinished their day's work. The man witii the scvthe, rnlled-up sleeves and open shirt, is a genuine representation of an honest and industrious laborer. The e.xpression on his \:we shows a tired look, but ;i spirit of contentment gently steals over his face, wliich nearly all true and honest country people possess after a day's hard labor. • 77 1< .NdRANCI: [H\ I. COMEI^Hli PaTON), 1 I NUWBiu K( , i ,.\i \\ ]-t\ , Pakis. | RANc:r. This i- oiio of the most celebnitcU i\iiiUiii;;s by this popuhir artist. 'I'lit' (Hitliiies <>t the girl arf perfect. 'I'he KMceful Liirves of the .irms, the sweet expression of the f.ice and tiie tender look of the eyes are all charminKly btaiitifiil. The tiny cap, the loixt garment, the uncovered feet, the bare arms, and tiie ctmifort.ible position of the girl, all add to her beauty. In the photograph the blended colors of tl>e original painting are lost, yet the subject can be well studied from this copy. t?9 ROYAI. PAI.ACH, VLRSAII.l.tiS, FRANC.i:. i liis palace presents a most imposiiiy; .ippeaiaiice ; the priiuipal tavade is no less than one-fourfli cif a mile IniiK. I'he bulldiiit; dates back, fur the erection of Its various parts, to se\'eral ditferent periods, and was the royal residence of the \arioiis rulers of France, it lias remained uninhabited since it was sacked by a Parisian mob, which included many thousand women. The various halls and rooms are now devoted to the use of most interesting picture galleries. I m 1 It' iRt r t.inui»-- , ROYAL CARRIAGE, VERSAILLES, FRANCE.— In the Museum of Carriages at Versailles is a collection of royal vehicles from the time of the llrst Emperor to the bartism of the Prince Imperial in 1856, besides sledges of the time of Louis XIV., and sedan chairs. The royal carriage in the picture is that of Charles X., afterwards used bv Napoleon on various occasions, the letter " N " being still seen on the drapery adorning the seat. The carriage is valued at $200,000, and considered one of the finest vehicles of its kind in tlie world. I8j LAST VICTIMS Ol- Tllli KKKiN Ol- TERROR (KX MULLERl, Vbl^'SAILl.ES GALLHRY, VERSAILLLS, FRANCt.— ilie Fieiich RevdiiUiuii, liioP' comiiioiily termed the " l?eij;n '» /y y VJ T Hiotographic Sdences Corporation JV S V "^h .V '^ :\ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTKR.N.Y. MS80 (716) 872-4503 \ 6^ il m i NAPOLEON AT AUSTERLITZ (BY VERNET), VERSAILLES GALLERY, VERSAILLES, FRANCE.- ilie conqueror here views the progress of the battle between the French troops, numberhig 90,000 men, and the allied forces of fully 80,000. Napoleon, on his white horse, receives reports from his generals in the field, while with his field-glass he watches the advancing columns of both sides. This decisise battle was witnessed by three Kmperors, those of France, Russia and Austria, and resulted in a glorious victory for Napoleon and the French. A treaty of peace followed between France and Austria; but it was of short duration, for the dangerous ambition of Napioleon could not fail 10 force all European nations into alliaiue. is: ROYAL PALACE, FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE.— This palace, siti'sted on the south-west side of the town, is said to occupy the site of a former forti- fied chateau, founded in 1162. it was Francis 1., however, who converted the medieval fortress into a palace of almost unparalleled extent and magnifi- cence. The exterior is less imposing than that of some other contemporaneous edifices, as the building, with the exception of sevc.-al pavilions, is only two stories in height. It was a favorite residence of Napoleon. m THRONE ROOM, FONTAINEBLEAU PALACE, France.— This magnificent h.ill, witii a ceiling in relief, containing a chandelier in rocl<-crystal, and wainscoated in the rt'igii of l.oiiis XIV., is perhaps the mo^t sumptuous apartment of the palace. From here Napolenn almost ruled the world. Che can- opy of the throne rises by graceful folds to the rim of a high crown. The bees and the letter " N " on the chair, and on either side of the throne, are sym- bolical of Napoleon. It was in this same room where the Emperor declared his divorce from Josephine. APARTMENT OF TAPESTRIES, FONFAINEBLEAU PALACE, FRANCE— This room is embellisiieJ with tapestry from Flanders, woven into tiie myth of Psyclie. The ceiling is in relief, the olJ-fashioneJ mantel-piece dating back to the sixteenth century, while the vases and clock are the finest Sevres ware. The table in the centre is tlie same one on which Napoleon signed his abdication before taking his parting leave from his old Guard on the 20th of April, 1814, to go into exile at Elba. The floor of inlaid polished wood has been much worn by the feet of travellers passing through the palace daily. (93 ^ li APARTMENT OF MME. DE MAINTENON, FONTAINEBLEAU PALACE, FRANCK. -Madame de Maintenon was the second wife of Louis XIV., although no written proof of sucii a marriage is extant ; but, that it toolt place, is nevertlieless certain. As a wife, slie was wholly admirable ; she had to entertain a man that would not be amused, and was obliged to submit to a terribly strict court etiquette of absolute obedience to the King's inclinations. This she always did cheerfully, and never complained of weariness or illness. Her apartments still appear as they did when occupied by her. NICE, FRANCh. -S.'i .'rbly situated on the shores of the Mediteriaiiean is the city of Nice In winter it is llie rendezvous of invalids and others from all parts of Europe, v.ho seek refuge here from the bleak and vigorous atmosphere of tlie Nortii. The se.ison begins with the races early in January, and closes with a great regatta at the beginning of April ; but visitors abound from October until IVlay. In summer the place is deserted. ■97 il GENERAL VIEW OF MONACO, FRANCE.— This principality of Europe, Frencii in language, but Italian in tradition, is located in the southern pait of France, on the Mediterranean Sea. Its area is six square miles, and consists principally of the town of Monaco and its suburbs, which stand on a hinh promon- tory. Monaco has a line palace, a new cathedral, a college, a noted casino, where gambling is licensed to r-'y with Its profits the State expenses; it has also maiiutacturies of spirits, fine pottery, bricks, perfumery, and objects of myth. The principality is now virtually under French control. I»9 msmsmsmm > • ^'M^ ^^'fy^ > \ iii-i' " ■''—tr >-^Mii»£iMilM^,l" ■'/'^W GAMING HAI.L, MONTE CARLO, FRANCE.— Every portion of t!ie interior of the Casino, of wliicli tlie ganiiiig-rooms are a part, is luxuriously fitted up. The ceilings are elaborately frescoed, while the walls and niches are adorned with works of art. Admission to the above room is obtained free upon presentation of a visiting card at the office. The games In progress from 1 1 A. M. until 1 1 P. M., are generally roulette, and patronized by men and women of all ages and from all countries. For the student of human nature, the gambling halls present an excellent opportunity to study mankind. SEVILLE, SPAIN.— General view. This city is finely situated on a wide plain of the Guadalquivir. It contains an abundance of wealth and rower, and is famous for its oranges and women. The city is very old, its history dating buck as far as 600. It is noted for Wmn tlie birthplace ot many distin- guished Spaniards. Magellan, the f.imous navigator, sailed from here in 1519, to discover Magellan Strait. The winter season is \ery mild and pleasant, and there is not a day in the whole year in wliich the sun does not shine. i^i I ; ALHAiWLJKA, GRANADA, SPAIN.— The ancient fortress and residence of thie Moorish monarchs of Granad.i lies on a liill, overiootcing the city of Granad.i. The buildinp; \va^ erected cliiefly between 1248 and 1354. Until the expulsion of the Moors, in 1492, tlie edifice was the most magnificent and the best fortified royal resiJeii«.e in the world. The conquerors, by numerous acts of vandalism, spoiled the marvelous beauty of the Alhambra. In 1821 tl)e ancient pile was shattered by an earthqual. ij^ j^ i m ,(., ^% ."^' I I 'I BULL FIGHT, SEVILLE, SPAIN.— This photograph represents the great bull-ring of the city, with a capacity for eighteen thousand people and crowded witli spectators to witness the great national amusement. A general holiday prevails on such occasions. Every one, rich and poor, possessing a grain of taste for bloody scenes and striking spectacles, can be found in the Amphitheatre on such occasions. The show generally lasts for several hours, during which several bulls, more horses, and, not unfrequently, men are killed in the combat. ,i! ■■■■■I II '■*. * GIBRALTAR, SPAIN.— This remarkable fortress, which is a stmng!>- fortified rock at the southern e\tremit>' of Spain, and forms the key to tlie Mediter- ranean, Is connected with the continent bv a low, sandy isthmus, one and one-half miles Ions, a'lJ three-fourths of a mile wide. The highest point of the rock is about one tliousand four hundred leet above the sea-le\-p|. Vast sums of money and Immense labor have been spent in fortifying this stronghold. The water for the supply ul the town and garrison is collected during the laiin- •reason, the roofs of th<. houses gathering all the falling rain. LISBON, PORTUGAL.— This interestinp; citv is situated on tlie Tagiis, near tlie Atlantic Ocean. Tlie lengtli ol tlie city is four miles, and its breadth about two miles. LIslwn is nobly situated lor commerce, ;ind has the finest harbor In the world. The earthquake of lyi;;, traces of which are still visible, de- stroyed a considerable portion of it, and killed about sixty thousand of its inhabitants. This photo;;rapli is a correct representation of the belter portion of the city and harbor. 2 IS : KIKCHKNFEIJJ BRIlJIih, BliRNI-;. Swir/KRl.ANn.— Ihe ,iWive structure is a huse iron Indue, seven hunared and titty one feet liinn, luiilt in 1882-1885, across the river Aare. from llie town proper to Helvetia Plalz, where a new quarter ot the town is lieinu built li\' an Euulisii company, hi the toreKround are tlie terrace-liUe hol-houses and U'l'dens ot the peasarls. u ho earn their li\elihood by suppKint; the inliabitants of Berne w ifl- egetables Irom their little farms. Kroin the top of the bridge, in clear weather, the Bernese Alps can be seen better than from any other point in the Oberi^..^.. ai7 . . ,,/g E .'ji 1- 7 ^ OJ E "C > § -5 J v2 li 3 ^ 3 73 A'l p 3 X Xi '> Jjjtg 91 :^ ^ t "*1 ^(;o *" ^■'"!" ■-^ 4J it E u ■■+-. w -^ .'I'li 1 *2 C n a> '/) a i^i' c o c > c II -J c 'A 5 k 2 E 11 2^ .= ?? — (f) 'o •n E -i 'J _o 'J ■^^ o '/I 7) C ■5 = EU ■■■\t 'C c n (^ •0 - u ■-* "a r- -'t "2 ,E •J 1» ■5. E 2 5 ■= 'J ■g. 5 sjC j; c E •A 4» 'A J i x: C jj 13 h k.J w ■*-' o c c CQ 2 -' T,.- o ^ 1 E "^ ►^ J; ^ < 1 kZ 1^ 1 kA > "3 E C v, K k 1 d '5 i ^•5 fM ■< LU (- •A, ■r. u *A. V d. D. 5 i' im i:-i^ ifs.'j ::: ■— f^ i- 5 >, 'V 00 E 'V (/) c •J 1^ n ^rw LU a; 3 O ■J ■ — 'J ^V — rj "t UJ i^ 3 V'- 03 ■u y '/> ^ ^ '■^ ;d -:3 !. ■ ^ ij *-■ ^' •/". — LU o 'J Xt E (- ^ -£.£ ^ 3 ^ v: IJ y fci <" S U •r. c ■:^ ^ o 4J E 'J ^ C -J ^ ij "t:^ ti ! o +3 •0 .= tf) Ji _ >. 1 iTi - -n i ~ r: ^ V 2 - Ml |_ t — 'J c ^ r: 1. M I, ■^ > O - - - .- i^ & - S^ • INTEKI.AKEN and the .IUNGFRAU, SWITZKKl.AND.— The low land between lakes Tluin and Brien/, is called " Rrodell. ahly formed a siiitjle sluvt of water, hnt were ^radualK' separated by deposit carried Ironi the inonntain-sides. On Ihi lies Interlaken. The town is a favorite summer resort and is noted tor its mild an I ei]i;al temperature. with the Juniilrau nine miles in the distance. M3 These lakes once prob- is I'iece of land. " between the lakes." The above pictuie {;ives a general idea ot the place, ;-i BHUNKj pass, SWIT/ERLANf).— Tliere is. p;Mii,ips, tin otlier cmiiitry in the world tli.it 1,111 hciast nf such expensive .111J iiiMKnilkeiit public ro.kls ,-is Suitzerl.iud. Tliis picture repieseiils tlie (iver-luuiKiuK ri)cl< nt 'lie Hruuis Pmss.ou the \\,i, nini Lucetiie to InterLikcn. Ilit;h up, mIouk the iiinuiil.iin-sije, tlie road winds its way, aftoidiig hi the I'eholder a magniticen". panorama ot the distant snow -fields abo^e, and tlie green valleys and placid lakes below. 1 LUCERNE, Switzerland.— riie above is tlie capital of the canton of Lucerne, and Oiie ot the three seats of the Swiss Diet on tlie Keiiss, located twenty- five miles from Zurich by raih It is highly picturesque, enclosed by a wall and watch-tc- .Ts. The principal edifices are a cathedral and other tine churches, several convents, a town hall, an arsen.il with ancient armor, two hospitals, an orphan asylum, jail, theatre, and co\ ered bridt;es adorned with ancient paint- ings. It is a very attractive summer resort, the above picture showing its principal promenade. ■ ! L ^ «J S3 3^ « .= -i^ -2 a: *j -w -D n § ? « & h- C r£ I =:' S N =^ UJ .-3 N V 1^ I— c *- if) ii ^ ~ RIGl-KULM, SWITZERLAND. — The summit nf the Rigi, owinp; to its isolated position, commands an extensive view, three hundred miles in circumfer- ence, that is unsurp.issed for beauty in Switzerland. In 1816 a \ery modest hotel was erected on tiie Kulm by priv ite subscriptions, and in 1848 it was superseded by the oldest of tile tliree houses on the Kulm. Since tlien the number of inns has been steadily increasing, and tlie I'igi is now one of the most popular Swiss resorts, and is \ isited by tliousandsof tourists yearly. PILATUS, SWITZERLAND.— Tliis lofty inoLiiitaiii rises boldly in a rugged and imposing mass, almost isolated from the surrounding heights. Pilatus was formerly one of the best known Swiss mountains, but In later years it was supplanted by the Rigi. An inclined railway extends from the base to the sum- mit, and is said to be onfif the boldest undertakings of its kind ever carried through. Many legends are connected with Pilatus. One of the oldest is, that when Pontius Pilate was / ■ 'shed from Galilee he tied hither, and, in tlie bitterness of his remorse, drowned himself in the lake. SIMPLON'S PASS, SWITZERLAND.— This is the first Alpine route after Brenner, constructed by order of Napoleon I. A good walker may easily outstrip the "diligence" in ascending from either side, especially if he takes short cuts. At the highest point of the Simplon is a large building, with a lofty llifrht of stairs, founded by Napoleon, for the reception of travellers, and subject to the same rules as that of the great St. Bernard. This fanmus mountain-ro.i J is seen in the foreground passing through the town of Simplon, a little village in the very heart of the Alps. ZERIV pyram ascend rope a1 ZERMATT AND THE MATTERHORN, SWITZERLAND.— The former lies in .1 green valley, with pine-claj slopes, while to the lelt rises the hugh rock- pyramid of the Matterhorn, In no other locality is tlie traveller so completely admitted into the heart of the Alpine world as here. The Mattjrhorn was ascended for the first time on the 14th nf July, 186;, but the ascent is now frequently made. The rock has been blasted at the most difficult points, and a rope attached to it, so that the most formidable difficulties have been removed : but even now the ascent is seldon m 1 Je bv any but proficient climbers. CHAMOUNIX AND MONT BLANC, FRENCH ALPS.— This valley of liie Alps of Savoy is much frequented in summer, owing to its Immediate proximity to Mont Blani.-. It is Inferior in picturesqueness to some other portions of Switzerland, hut superior in grandeur of Ics glaciers, in which respecr it has no rival but Zermatt, TIk- ni.f'ie shows the little village ol Chanunini.x, with its few hotels and peasant homes in the valley below, and the perpetual ice and snow in the background, seemingl>- but a lew minutes' walk away, yet requiring a good two hov.rs' journey on mule-bacl<. Alpine distances are \ery deceptive. ENGELBERG, SWITZERLAND.— Engelbeig isiollily aiiJ prettily situatej in the great mouiitaiii reRion of the Alps, with a population of aliout two thou- sand inhabitants. Tile church which appears nearest the mountain, is quite .uuient, hut contains tanious modern pictures, 1 1 ^ snow-covered mountains, live miles in the distance, change the climate in summer, so tliat the tourist can wear an overcoat with comfort. The winters a. .eiy severe, and on account of tiie deep snows, the inhabitants are sometimes compelled to remain indoors for eight weeks. The houses and barns are generally under one roof. >4J ST. GOTTHARH RAILWAY, SWITZHRI.AND.— Tlie railway licie passes throuKli beautiful landscapes, riciily wooded with walnut and chestnut trees, on the left baniv nt the Ticino. Numerous Campaniles in the Italian style, crowning the hills, have a very picturesque effect. The peaks above are ccnered with snow. From the cliffs on every side, fall cascades. Huge masses of rock lie scattered about. Three tunnels of the railway are seen in the picture, the latter making a descent of three hundred feet by means of two loop-tunnels, one below the other, in cork-screw fashion. '4S AXENSFRASSE, SWITZERLAND.— This famous road extends nine miles along tlie Lake of Uri, from Brunnen to Fluelen, and is noted for tlie remarkable boldness displayed in its construction. It Is to a great extei.t hewn out of solid rock, cut like a shelf into the side of tlie mountain, with occasional pill.irs to hold the thousands of tons of rock .above, .and a strnnR balustrade to gu.ard travellers from tumbling over the .abrupt precipice into the lake many feet below, it is tlie great highway leading from Switzerland to Italy, and is regarded as one of the most picturesque roads in the world. »47 •mmm-^.: PANORAMA OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA.— Tlie capital of the Empire of Austria and residence of tlie Emperor, is situated in a plain surrounded by distant mountains, the Danube Canal flowing tlirough a portion of the city. It was originally a Celtic settlement, dating back to 14 A. D. The streets of the present city are narrow, generally well-paved and enclosed by very lofty houses. A great number of old passages through the courts of houses, by means of which pedestrians may often make a short cut, are still seen. In the last quarter of a century, Vienna has acquired an importance as a seat of art. *a HOTEL METROPOLE, VIENNA, AUSTRIA.— On a branch of the Danube, flowing through the heart of the city of Vienna, stands the Hotel Metropole, an enormous building, admirably adapted for travellers. The picture shows a prominent feature in the street architecture of Vienna ; and the Metropole is only one of the many private and public buildings of colossal dimensions which have sprung up within the last few years. The interiors of all these struc- tures are generally decorated throughout with painting and sculpture, which shows the perfection attained by the Vienese in the fine arts. w? ■?i O '/I T3 F 3 -> *; n c .3 c ^ c -1 1^ ~i < 1) ■*-^ c c 3 -5 ^ c W ? r; '/) ti ii ■n ?1 UU C o "i^ -3 C c c 3 *-i h n —t rj £■ tp n Q. F ^ ^ is i? o ■*-■ o c "T? >*- •u £ n o x: o F: '^ Ml H -J C **- •J) tfl 'vi o I/) 7) ■^ •/) 3 r. 'J) n > i r, *-> '/■- l; 1- Xi E 1 .c X < .^ a 'J .3 jj H 1/) < 73 -2 •n 3 J3 T3 C u £1 c c 3 < V, _aj !> Q 1^ ra LU "^ H ■n 4^ -» 'yi > Z o r^< 3 o ■=: T E t; '^ bjD r .2 -' c c S] t; ji .y ~ H 2 - 2i S (/5 -S ^ J' ^ CO «= S -K lU mm "2 ;-. ■=: ^ C 1/ w- u *^ U ■r, •— ' U. ■^ r ^ 1; a I— r: r3 1/ -1 'J ij ^ o ■J r3 < 5 ^ > y^. _r_ ._^ ~. > lij 73 ~ *~* ■^ — u t£ r: -> U r. 5 'J 1— '/ ^ '-, tf ;C •~j < '^ " Xt "^ 1> ■■A ^ r: ■w U ," H t. "tr '•^ SZ 0.1 tt k. > c :3 c n ^ 1 < c 1> !/l o c X; >'. '-^ *- E J^ «r l> u 'A '/ _c ■u 0; - H u. ~ P {/-, > _j -^ ^. •n B LLl ij > Z &. 71 LLl X £ "7 ^ ^ 1- t- 'B' c **-i y^^ iTTif f jifii 1111 1 1 1 1 :■ ' j^ iMil|lli|iiii|jMf|<<><)^ M SCH6NBRUNN, Vienna, Austria.— This sumptuous edifice, tlie summer palaa- of tlie Austrian tmperor, wa- uimpleteil bv Maria Fheresa in i77v Tlie luiilJiiig lias a most imposing appearance. Tlie gardens in tlie rear are open to tlie public, lo the left of the principal ;i\enue are the Roman ruins, the Obel- isk aiiJ the " Schiiiie Bruniien " (beautitiil tountain), trom which the palace derives its name. Statues, vases and other objects of taste ot the period are scattered about the t;round. Extensive p.irks are attached to the palace. JS7 -,AI ATA RPIDCE, CONSTANTlNOPl.H, TURKl-Y.-AlonR the soiitl, shore c.f the (lolJen Horn spre.iJs the quarter known as Mamboul, ri-- ; up to he c, -St' 01 the hill, and UKludin^; the .nassi^ e Mos.ue, " Sultan Valide," that .rowns it. Beyond the hrid^e ( .alata and Per;, stretch toi^vard .along the nd.e th.a. runs p.ar.allel vv ith the northern shore. These pla.es are connected with Constantinople hy two bridges crossn.g the (.olden Horn I he largest of these bridKes is represented in the .above picture. Unlike those of most other countries, pe,.ple d,. not keep on the sidew.alks, but w.inder .alon;; ni any of tiie street. The scene on the BridRe of (jalata affords an interesting subject lor study. J59 porlior ' MOSQUE OF ST. SOPHIA, CONSTANTINOPl.r, TURKEY— This is tiie finest and most important ecclesiastical bnllding of the city. The first stone of the biillJin,!!; was laid in 532, under Emperor Justinian. (No fewer than ten tliousand worl — ^ -i > ^ (A ■" Z E -u r: r uj jj '^ i; ^ U — 5 = L_ " — C ^ > ^ s 2 ;i, -^ f_ — « c- 3 MOSQUE OF SULTAN AHMED, CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY.-Of all the mosques in the Ottoman Empire, this is the principal one. It is not as richly decorated as St. Sophia, but it is the only one that possesses six minarets. It is located on a square called the Hippodrome, named after the spot that was in former years used for circus purposes. The exterior view gives it a magnif..:ent appearance. The place is one of the chief objects of interest in the city. The crumbling monument in the foreground is a relic of antiquity, called the " Obeiisli of Emperor Constantin Porphyrogenetos." »«7 I , — • , c t> u O r n u 'aJ rl" 3 _>, 1) _73 •^ ■^3 ~ ^ ^ ra -n iJ ^ ,V " Z.^ J^ i; ^ I -3 b ~ S 1- — ^ — — ) ~i _z - b/ i> ^■: _ ~ - I- -u -f z'. f- ' -J -J >- r' A < ^ -' ^ •-./ x» V, ■y. ij x: j^ — V 'J ^ •y. 1^ •u = r ^' Y~. c /' U 1^ ■«_ :; ^ r- ■A tf n -'^ ^ •— ■t. ,^ ■V >. LU r) L. «-j X* •6 E < r. c 1^ sz ■l-J \1. ■n V. ' — J= -- > ■J 't. — 1 c "E. -J c J— ~ -^ *: ^ -; --: J- —' -; STREET MERCHANTS, CONSTANTINOPl.lJ, TURKEY.— Street merchants are an institution in Constantinople. Bread \enJers, as represented in tlie pliotoKraph, are conspiLiious amongst them. Tliev oiCup\' positions witliin tlie shadow of tlieir places of worship, thiding a ready sale there, it h.'inu; tlie custom .among the faithful, as they enter the Mosque, to huy hre.id for the poor assembled nn the outside. Exery Fridav, .it the Mosque mI |-i.i\'ivid. there is ;i Jistrihution o\ bread to dogs, by bene\olent Turks, to which troops of canines come from every part of the city. This charity Is dispensed to gain the favor of Allah. Kii m ACROPOLIS, ATHENS. —Tlie natural centre of all the settlements In the Attic plain within the historical period was the Acropolis, a rocky plateau of crystalhne limestone, rising precipitously tn i height of two hundred feet. The semi-mythical Pelasgi, of whom but a few isolated traces have been found in Attica, ;ire said to ha\t' leveled the top, increased the natural steepness of the rock on three sides, .and fortilied tlieonlv accessible part bv nine gates. It was the uurliest seat of the Athenian kinys, who here sat in judginent and assembled their councils, as well as of tfie chief sanctuaries ot tlie State. »73 irff Parthenon, Athens, GREECK.— This slructure is the most pertect monument ol aiKieiit art, anj e\en in ruins presents an imposing and soul-stirring appearani:e, occupying the culminating point of the Acropolis. It was erected by Pericles, anJ opened tor public worship in 4^'' R. C.. The clowning glor\ of the Parthenon was its magnificent sculpture, ascribed to Phidias, registering the highest level ever attained in plastic art. The Parthenon was used as a Christian church in the sixth century. In 1460 it became a Turkish Mosiiue, and in 1O87 the stately edit'ice was blown into ruins. 275 GRAND CATHEDRAL AND SQUARE, MILAN, ITALY. This is the focus of the commerLial and public life of the city, and is now enclosed by impos- ing edifices on every side. The celebrated C.ithedial, the eighth wonder of the world, is next to St. Peter's in Rome, the largest church in^irope. It co\'ers an area of fourteen thousand si.)u.ire yards, and holds .about forty Ih^us and people. File building is in cruciform shape, with double aisles and transept. The interior is supported by t'lfty-two pillars, each twelve feet in diameter. The floor consists of mosaic, In marble of different colors. 277 COKSO VHNliZI.A, Milan, I IAI.Y. -riK- principal shiippiiif; street ot the city, anJ the favorite promenaje of the Milanese is liere represented. The liuiMint;s luue a moJerii aspect, with little halconies at almost every window, wiiicii are often adorned witli plants, tlowers and creeping vines. The street, wiiich is well pased, is wide, extending almost from house to house. The pavements are wry narrow, consisting of only four smooth slabs of stone, laid side by side. The shop-windows are decorated in the most temptinj; style with the wares of the \arious merchants. The picture was secured in the early morning, gi\ ing the street a deserted look, which at all other times is crowded with people. 279 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. O ^ 1.0 I.I If IM ilM «J IIM 12.2 1^ 140 2.0 1.8 11.25 1.4 1.6 -< 6" — ► "/ . ^>fs/ C^^/A'. o^» M '% ''W 7 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 3U WIST MAIN STRfET WEBSTER, NY. HS80 (716) 873-4503 ! I %' :. ^ J^^ '^,^ EXPOSITION BUILDINGS, TURIN, ITALY.— The city of Turin was the capital of the county of Piedmont in the Middle Arcs, and in i4t8 it became subject to the Dukes of Savoy, who freiiuently resided here. From iSiij to i.S6; it was the capital of Italy, and the residence of the King. It lies on an extensive plain on the hanUs of the l;i.vernment to Florence seriously impaired the prosperity of the city tor a time, but it long since recovered, and celebrated its commercial success in 1884 by the exhibition. Mil c >. i; "^ !"- .i C •/. ~D 5 — 1— •u ■/. ^ X i> (/) Xf 't: a i^ ^ u rz D. a. z It '/ \j '/ 1^ c ^ ~ V <4— _1J ^
  • i- ~J i '■^ 1> 1^ 3 — '/I 1^ ■^ ■s V x- u ^ ^ X. c "n ._^ ■C •n 1 i> c <-; x> '. t; c h- c >- tt < it C V ^ yl r3 a. r~ >■ Z n u :n E c a u rt b£ li E ^ :n (- ^ '&• < o .^ "x O c i> ^ J= z o ^ ;^ ^ LU ^ S c '^ .^ T3 -:3 a; UJ •^ Q ■J _2 u. ^ ■7 i LU " c ^•■ u 4J :3 'J •sj "^ "3 a n 'r5 2^ ■y, Q ;/j X t GENERAL VIEW OF GENOA, ITALY.-Genoa, wilh a population of about two hundred thousand, is located in the northern portion of the Peninsula, and Is the principal seaport of Italy. The city is in the form of a crescent, and its gradual ascent from the shore, renders its appearance beautiful and attrac- tive. It is enclosed by a double line of fortifications, which place It among the leading fortified cities in Europe. A beautiful light-house on the west side, three hundred feet in height, stands like a sentinel on the edge of the bay. In the older portions of the city, the streets are only ten feet wide and are lined with high buildings on both sides. ^^ <= E 5 >-.2 ^ ii s ^ o > •/, < 'Ft ■J r c T. n ■5 X. k- k. C1 iT (>! c C a. 13 c ■■■*■• • t; ■' t\ Wm I r> > t M ■'! 1 i^S i^:--ii iJ ^1^=^: ..^g^-m^^w LEANING TOWER, PiSA, ITALY —Pisa is principally noted for its famous " Leaning Tower, " begun in 1174, and built of white marble; it is one hun- dred and seventy-eight feet high, and fronted with two hundred and seven columns. It is fifty feet in diameter, and leans thirteen feet from the per- pendicular. The foundation being made insufficiently solid, it began to incline before it was one-third completed. The C.ithedral on the right was begun in 1604, and consecrated in 1618 by Pope Gelasius ; it contains the famous chandelier which Galileo saw swinging, and which led to his invention of tlm pendulum of the clock. The Baptistry, close by is noted for its marvelous echo. PALACE OF THE DOGES, VENICE, ITALY.— This magnificent edifice, founded in 800, and destroyed Wve times, lias as often been re-erected in grander style, file palace is flanked with coiciinades, terming two pointed arcades on the south and west. 1 lie upr portion of the building is constructed of red and white marble. I he Ulterior presents a noble specimen of Venetian art. Many famous masters are here represented, the subjects either portr.aying the glory of Venice, or being of :\ religious order. The Bridge of Sighs connects the palace with the prison adjoining, which contains a series of gloomy dun- geons, a torture chamber and a place of execution for political criminals. Wm I GRAND CANAL, VnNICIi, ITALY. This ciii.il, tlie mniii .iiterv of the traflfiL of Venice, nearly two miles in length, .iiij tliirty-three to sixty-six yards in width, intersects tne city from north-west to south-east, dividinn il into two unequal parts. Ste.im Launches, hundreds of uondoLis and otlier vessels are seen K'idinK in every direction. Handsome liouses .and m.iRiiilicent p.al.ices rise on the banks, fur this is 'lie stree! .if the NobiU, the ani.ient .aristocracy of Venice. A harge, with a military Ixind, navigates the canal every Sund.iy evening. A trip on the canal is extremely interesting ; the posts .ire painted with tlie heraldic colors of their proprietors. CATHfcDRAL OF ST. MARK. Vi;nice, ITALY.— Facing the piMzz.iof St. Mark, wIiIlIi is in the iie.irt of Venice, and the grand focus of attraction, risi's llie niagnilkent Citliedral ol St. Marl%, decorated witli almost orientai splendor, iiie biiildint; dates bacl< to tiie tentii .and eieventli centuries, and portions of tlie m.iteriais used in its construction liave heen hrouglit from .almost every country ui Ifurope. I'lie ceiling of tiie interior is richly .adorned with mosaics in the form of \ .irious noted p.iintings. Beliind tlie High Alt.ar repose the remains of St. Mark, wiiile further back stand four spiral columns said to liuve belonged to the Temple of Solomon. The building to the right is tlie Ducal Palace. 295 bjD 11 ii PS c c '- •> ■^ t ^ f i S - u S >^ IJ > O O 3 *3 < .rO- — C ■♦-' -1 >5Pi-5 5 5 S "2 — ol Z E -1 ?i » •^ *" r^ ^ .'ji ■j — .5 ■/■■ 3 u c — 'J ^ >■ c v-i Ji X. o < -S \1 ~^' *- " — V >r ■y. a ■^ -^ = !/) C " -3 •/> H u_ c "3 •/! LU O « -J W UJ -w 1. = _- (/) Xi o ra 3 I " If ' ^^^ THE RIALTO, VENICE, ITALY.— This famous bridge, one liunJred and fifty-eiglit feet long and forty-six feet wide, rests on twelve hundred posts, it was erected from 1588 to i5yi. Its sides are lined with little sliops, extending from a fish-market at one end, past jewelry-shops in the centre of the struc- ture, down to ;i fruit-market at tlie otiier side. It always presents a busy appearance, and is considered a marvel of engineering skill, and one tif the finest bridges in the world. The picture represents the annual parade on the Grand Canal, with the Riaito in tlie background, \\l)i^li is always the rallying centre on such occasions. THE CATHEDRAL, FLORENCE, ITALY.— This stately edifice, erected from 1294 to 1462, on the site of the earlier church of St. Reparata, is a striking example of Italian architecture. The church was finally consecrated in 14)6, but the lantern on the top of the dome was not completed until 1462. The building is one hundred and eighty-five and one-half yards long, and one hundred and fourteen yards wide ; tlie dome is three hundred feet high. The bell- tower, a square structure adjoining the cathedral, two hundred and ninety-two feet in height, is regarded as om of the finest existing works of its kind. It consists of four stories of richly decorated and colored marbles. |0I ?! VECCHIO BRIDGE, FLORENCE, ITALY.— Florence is situated on botli banks of tiie Arno, but by far tiie greatest part of the city lies on the right bank. The bridge in the picture dates back to the fourteenth century, and is flanked on both sides with shops which have belonged to gold-smiths ever since their erection. !t forms one of the principal bridgeways between the city proper and that portion of Florence which stands on the south bank of the Arno, and has always been considered one of the greatest sights of the town. 303 f " f! t: Nill.' iH SS S .9- -ti - X. o >- 5 - '#,^ O 3 V — t-- 5 -5 II -s £ ji 4j Ta 15 E - o — -— '" i* L. •^ w — 5 £. -g -3.-2 ' wi 4-. i3 - n o — • c _ ; o § n »^ 'J 1/1 Ck ■g = < 4^ *3 Z -3! O g .= ■i" 5. IJ OJ -3 ■■i ^ i 3 fe i^^ ■= z — tjC 1J =^ — o c -3 LU 2i E c 3 -A j^ 1 c — i> -r ir 'x E ■•= ■4- CC i' £ -^ 5 £ f < ^ TZ •r. -> *- U. ^ I - - Li. LU It ■3 'i 6 S -J I* ■;; I c t _ n -^ 1, C ;/ ~ S CU C "J ^ I- x: c ■- V. j:; s: « _>. T3 .£ ■J •J c ^ , ^ -2 3 Li "^ iX a- ra ^ -C Q Xi '.r ^J •J jj — X 'J '^ -^ ^ .~ > j^ n OJ c^ -r. X o "^ x- c .2 L» ^^ .1 bfi L- ^ "5 '•-^ (/) '^ ■-> t u IJ i3 o 'o ■_t C c- ■J •-1 ■u ^ I' -C 3 ;::; ■*-' ■^ •fi ■;!. r •n ^ 4-J i3 *^ •r; ~ X, >. 75 ■^ 1- C >■ Z .W) .~ "f^ c u o M o JZ bC C < c .a u — E t •r. •/) ti JU c5 '/, 'J E •u 'A H n; H 5 be >■ -J > ■t= 2 < XI Xj c h- • S ~p _aj •J u ,c uT ^ c (J o 73 ■J "r^ D. UJ ■/, t 'Ti U a Z3 3 « O ^ u a -J ■L. IJ LL P '/) _;-• ^ H i; g (A = -£ 5 ^ U ■♦-' nj /r " E b2 Z c Q Zi y. ^ -3 C _i ■r~ u "T~ :r c ^ -3 ^ H X D ~3 C ■? •ci n q: P n t; '^ N O. _3 c "3 u. E > rj ■S T3 u. ._ ^_ •u 1/1 "f o o t>. (V i/i —J Ui 1 ■ mmmmmmm 'it ^ ct 2 ci. a (/I c c I/) u I. ^ c o >■ >■ v fit c Ul u _j £. . < ■- 2 > -^ uj . S Ui E .i!. C M 1 ' 1 ''i 4 _ 1 -te- '.idtL r.. ifS^'^'-^^'-. ■■:<%:^ APPIAN WAY AND TOMB OF OECILIA METELLA, ITALY.— This military road, p.iveJ witii stone blodis, and extending from Brindisi to Rome, was constructed by Appius Claudius Ca-cus, 312 B. C. Even at tlie present time its proud ancient title is that of the " Queen of Roads," and it is remem- bered as beiuK the \v,i\- on which St. Paul came to Rome. The tomb of c;.,icilia Mctella, which forms an interestinR a:id conspicuous object, is a circular structure sixty-five feet in diameter, erected in honor ot the daughter of Metellus Creticus, wife of the younger Crassus, son of the triumvir. 3'5 A ^1^^ PYRAMID OF CESTIUS AND ST. PAUL GATE, ROME, ITALY.— The pyramid enclosed by Aurelian within the city and wall Is the tomb of Caius Cestius, who died in tlie year 12 B. C. The Egyptian pyramidical form was not unfrequently adopted by the Romans in their tombs. Tliat of Cestius is built of brick and covered with marble blocks. Immediately to the right of the pyramid is the Gate of St. Paul, leading on to tlie church of St. Paul beyond. Midway between the gate and church, legend says, St. Peter and St. Paul took leave of each other on their last journey. 317 ROMAN FORUM, RO.WE, ITALY.— Alter the Sabine tribes were am.ilt;ain;iteJ into a sjigle state, tiiey cliose tlie forum as its .eiitre ; aiij it was tliere that some of the most noted events in the history of the Roman Empire transpired. After the Samnite War, which resulted in the extension of Rome's supremacy over all Italv, the forum became to.) small for its multifarious business : and therefore underwent many changes. After its destruction, during the Dark Ages, its remains were gradually buried beneath the rubbish and debris of some former centuries, but have recently been excavated. 3>9 FORUM OF TRAJAN, ROME, ITALY.— This forum, which adjoined that of Augustus, contained a collection of magnificent edifices, and is said to have been d'signed b> Apollodorus of Damascus. Trajan's Forum must have measured two hundred and twenty yards in width, and was probably of stiil greater length ; it was considered the most magnificent in Rome. On the north side of the Basilica rises Trajan's Column, ono hundred and forty-seven feet high, constructed entirely of marble. Around the column runs a spiral band, covered with admirable reliefs frci "rajan's War with the Dacians. Beneatli this monument Trajan was Interred ; on the summit itorl his stat'je, now replaced \>y St. Peter's. J81 wtm^mmmmmmmMm wmuM SUkJ -? h j'i'W*"'' BATHS OF CARACALLA, ROME, ITALY.— These ancient baths were begun in 212 by Caracalla, and cumrletcJ by Alex. Sevems, ;ind they could accoinmadate irico bathers ;it one time. The maKnitkence of these baths was unparalleled; numerous statues, including the Farnese Bull, Hercules ,i;ij Flora at Naples, have been found here; and the uncovered walls still bear testimony to th» tcchnn.-\l pc .ctlon of the structure. The L-stablishment was quadrangular in form, and surrounded by a wall. MTT'I fW^ il, -i^vv, Mm, i^lmm ^ !■ if COLOSSEUM, Ro.wn, ITAI.Y.— Tlie Colosseum, originally called the Amphitheatrum Flavium and completed by Titus in 80 A. D., was the largest tiieatre and one of the most iniposing structures in the world. It was inaugurated by ico days' gladiatorial combats, in which 5000 wild animals were killed. It contained seats for 87,000 spectators. Only one-third of the gigantic structure now remains, yet the ruins are still stupendously impressive. The Colosseum h.is ever been a symbol of the greatness of Rome, and gave rise in the eighth century to a prophetic saying of the pilgrims : " While stands the Colosseum, Rome shall stand ; when falls the Colosseum. Rome shall fall ; and when Rome falls, with it shall fall the world I " 1.'^' t lIuiivIi lu'iv Is s.ikl In li.i\e lu'eii Iniilt A. I ).. t)0. ll w.is .1 nu'iiinrhil cIi,i|h'1 {n St, Peter, .■iiid \\;i<. .-Kcordliii; to li;ulilinii, ereilt\l (in the spilt where the saint was hi:rlt\l. CuiisiMiiinie built a Basilka uii Ihe sile. riie present strudiire, the gli.ry ol Mkhael .Viigeln, was l-ev;uii about 1503. The picture shows the high altar w itli tlio statue ot St. Peter tu the \ er> rl^lit. I ? f *- £: ,'■ E 5 § g S ~ in - "^ n ii ■■i "3 f- c •d-5 S ^ ^ -^ 2i u .. -= ■!> O Vl ry- I' i 1^ U ^ ^ •= if 5 O Z ^- c c ?: *J js U U ^ > -3 C U-l „ '^ ■-; •= DC ?; f- s. y: „■ Z w c- S- 3 1^ ,■?; OS :j n ^ = ■ Ji ?i n ii n a (/) c IJ ^ K a » n f 7 II 11 A-t.^ rt o v> o ^ ^.*; tf! t n ?i o ■<- !5 D- c 1- ? I 3 -^ S :* -!) j_) H -i! P ^ > t ^ - - " ^ -^ "rJ , . o < 2 « OQ O O C •/} ■M is .£ - S-5 < o :>- S F 5 -J y, U g "1 < ±; c ,^, n U2' c ra 5 TOLbDO STREET, NAPLES, ITALY.— This famous city is lieaiititully situated ou tlie Bay of Naples, witli Mount Vesuvius in llie distaiKe. Its cliarm- Ing position lias gi\en rise to the phrase " See Naples and die." it was founded by the Greeks, and here Virgil spent his time in study, ins tomb being one of the points of interest for travellers. The city is still surrounded by a wall. It has often suffered from eartluiuakes and eruptions. The manufactures are numerous, of which macaroni and vermicelli are of tirst importance. The photograph represents Toledo Street, which intersects tlie city from south to north, and with its immense amount of well-coiiductej business, presents a very interesting sight. Mi rf CRATER OF MOUNT VESUVIUS, ITALY.- Tliis vokaiio, with a crater of nearly a quarter of a mile in circumference, rises in lonolv majesty from tlie Bay of Naples, and varies in height from 3900 to 4900 feet, according to the varied eruptions. Vesuvius in the time of Nero manifested itself by a fearful earthquake, damaging Herculaneum and Pompeii. An eruption occurred in 79 A. D. hy which the two cities named were lost to the world for se\ enteen centuries. Another most terrific eruption occurred in 1631, by which a stone weighing twenty-tive tons was thrown a distance uf fifteen miles, and streams of lava poured from the summit, destroving over three thousand people. ( i-T^ STREET OF TOMBS, POMPEII, ITALY.— Tills photograph exhibits a suburb of Pompeii named Pagus Augustus Felix, in honor of Augustus; it lay outside the city walls. It consisted chiefly of one main street, which has been partly excavated. This is the so-called Street of Tombs. The ancient cus- tom of burying the dead by the side of a high road is well known, it has been ascertained that rows of graves, similar to tliose discovered here, exist beyond other gates of Pompeii. The Street of Tombs is, in point of situation, the most beautiful part of the town. 347 CIVIL FORUM, POMPEII, ITALY.— The ancient market-place in tlie central part of Pompeii was destroyed by tlie eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A. D. Tlie forum has been excavated during tlie present century, and found to be five hundred and fifteen feet long and one iiundred and seven feet wide ; it is surrounded by granite columns of the Doric order. From the discoveries made, it is supposed that the forun was far from complete when tiie eruption occurred. The smoking mnuntain is still seen in the distance, while the ruins of the ancient market stand prominent in the foreground of this photograph. The forum is a most interesting spot, and is familiar to all readers of " The Last Days of Pompeii." itr^s ^ i i.ii'iiiiii^a a 1; ~i 11(11 I iiMfi^fliti'iirfcaita GENERAL VIEW ANIJ LANlJlNG, ISLAND OF CAPRI, ITAI.V.— This Is a small mountainous Islan J of (iMoii^; tmni ; Its picturesque outline forms one of the most charininn pointsiiitlie view ol tlieHay ot Naples, Tlie hiKliest point is the Monte Solaro, nineteen hundred and twenty teet above the level of the sea. The Island, which contains live thousand inliahitants and the two small towns of Capri and Anacapri, yields fruit, oil and excellent red and white wines in abundance. The inhabitants receive their support mainly from strangers who visit the island yearly to the number of thirty thousand. The above picture shows the principal landing-place of Capri, also noted for the unique " Blue Grotto." Ml i ■■■HHMIIiJii.illliii»^ CASTELLO, ISLAND OF ISCHIA, ITALY— The climate of these charming Islands Is genial, the sky rarely overcast, the winters mild, the Inhabitants bounteously supplied with the necessaries of life, and the sick with healing springs. Trees, shrubs and all kinds of plants thrive luxuriantly in this volcanic soil. Here and there a-e observed groves of young oaks and chestnuts. The Inhabitants are distinguished by a peculiar costume, dialect and figure. Fashion is unknown ; noi one of the islands can boast of a horse or carriage. Castello, in the foreground, Is a most curious volcanic formation. : ! f '■'■ giew mBKm HARBOR, ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT.— The perfectly flat coast of Egypt, and even AlexanJiia itself, are not visible to the steam-boat passenger until very shortly before the vessel enters the harbor. The latter consists of an outer bre.aUwater, forming an obtuse allele nearly two miles in length. A second pier, nearly a mile in length, protects an inner harbor covering nearly five hundred acres of water, twenty-seven feet deep. No fewer than thirty thousand artificial blocks, weighing twenty tons each, and two million tons of natural blocks of stone were used in the construction of these magnificent harbor works. MS . *ir PLACE OF MEHEMET ALI, ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT.— The site of this open square is embellished with trees and fountains, (t became n scene of destruction during 1882. In the centre rises the equestrian statue of Mohammed 'Ali, the founder of the reigning dynasty of Egypt. The Mohammedan religion forbids the pictorial or plastic representations of the human form. The erection of this monument was long opposed by theUlama, or chief professor of divine and legal learning. The buildings on both sides are shops. That at the further end Is the English church. SSI EGYPTIAN CEMETERY, ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT.— This sacred burial ground is located at Alexandria, Egypt. In the distance rises Pompey's Column This handsome monument does not derive its name from Pompey the Great, who was murdered on the Egyptian coast after the battle of Phar'salia, but from the Roman prefect Pompeius, who, according to the inscription, erected it in honor of the unconquered Diocletian, " defender of the city of Alexandria." » M'''^r m CITADEL, Cairo, EGYPT.— This citadel affords a magnificent view of the city and surrounding country. It was erected in 1166, and built of stones taken from the small pyramids at Gizeh, the site having been selected, according to Arabian history, owing to the fact that meat could be kept here fresh twice as long as in any other part of Cairo. The fortress commands the city, yet its site is unfavorable, as a commanding height close by compelled its surrender during the wars of 1805, iff*' - 1 -^i»ii*i*»',: .VTy^-gffV2j?y.iff 3g^ys ^j?'Kzt!^?mi^?j:j:ss^ : T''^'r^^'/>?*LSSr[Bi3S';*t'^' cfs '/j 4J C :3 E ^_, 'y"i ?I 3 E- ■^ -yi OJ ■. c c T3 c Xi u £i o 'r/i 3 t/3 U J! •^ -i! "c M O T"- "H. ■^ ^ c "c (73 -2 ^ ^ ■" r^ "iJ ii c u >, 3 c 1 3 •J p 3 so y "3 ij ■^ P3 (/I r, x: 'J u i •/■ — n 'X H < P "3 ty. fU _S c = f- i> -^ — Vi 1 x: S 1 a. -tr n XJ B >. ■^ Iv ■r r] UJ - ■f. C-. E d ri T: •n a. .^r; 'in! ?3 u < U ■J 75 E I] X 31 1; X. < ^ "^ ■*- \i tr - a "tr w >. UJ — C s E -Li E n 5: < ■^ E r3 '/. -y, ■y, X a i> " 'f/i C ^ ij 'J s •J c ■^ C "a. c r3 3 u. ■/. >i it, H Tz: = Ul •J X. 1^' ir 'V. r3 3 y^ ■/" 73 E C ij ^ .l:i qj ■^ (/) « ^ •y, !/. 2 'y, E a. iPipppWIP ■PipmwiwpppraRiniatn^mnnv! |J 'finwiM "'r' xa rt 5) r3 3 C J = .1=! > ■_. -3 g _^ -U C C 'y> ;2 — i:^ ■/■ 3 ■^ >. n l; > •= c J! u. ■>- o i. r <-■ tr t^ ■*-' "^ 3 •^ -M 4j c y 2f !1 O 2 " '^^ -i ^^ ** 1^ I- i_ LU i ^ u ■*- Q "3 ji: rt i; UJ rt £ ^5 3J ^ E 5 = - ^ $u II mmmm mmmmmmmm mmm, PALACE OF (""lEZIREH, CAIRO, F.GYPT.— This palace is loo-iteJ cm tlie Nile.at one eiu! of a park by the same name. Its external appearance is simple. All the aistinKuislied quests who were invited to attend the ceremony of the opening ot the Suez Canal wereentert.nned here. Tlie builJinj; is State property ai\d rarely occupied. The Inferior is furnisliej m the most sumptuous and el.ihorate maimer. The onyx mantel-pieces, with mirrors, cost each ifis.ooo. Portions of the paiaci: are fitted up in suites of apartments for visitors, each consisting of bed-room, dressing-room and sitting-room. m 'l-'Z'^^ |,,;**^» MJ!l|l]P.I4IW«HHII-,.Hi ON CAMEL-BACK, EGYPT.— To people accustomed to all the comforts and luxuries of the world, who have never experienced desert tent-life, nor travelled through countries where there are no people to consult, it is hard to convey an idea of oriental camel-back travelling. The " ship of the desert " Is a most faithful animal, and loved by his master as much as a child ; but his back affords a very uncomfortable seat. The long backward and forward motion recalls to the rider the swells of the sea. The above picture is a perfect specimen of hundreds of such caravans during the travelling season. 369 ^OT s '■ i PYRAMIDS OF GIZEH, EGYPT.— Here are represented the great Pyramids of Gizeh, occupying a plateau gradually asceiidiiiK from east to west, parts of which are very precipitous at places. The three pyramids are so situated on this plateau ;is to f.ice the four points of thi? compass, although the ma^nrt shows a deviation towards the west. The Sphinx is situated close l\v. Numerous tombs, almost all in ruins, surround these pyramids, and extend over the plateau to the east. They are sometimes hewn in the form of grottoes in the external rocky slope. tn TT V) T3 c ■n 4> ^ y 3 c c o 4j '71 n ♦3 i "c X> c' >- ^ n 1> ,c Xi u c ra ul 4-* D ._■ c it V W) _>• u 3 T3 £ ■♦-J £ C r3 'J *5 i 3 XJ ^ ;:S' •r. o. '/) X — 53 '^ |5 ,1^ E 3 3 ■Lt '♦— 3 ■V E •J ■5. 4j •/. V) J! I—i T3 -^ c c o E iJ r3 o •J . E 3 >> r3 -*-< (/I 'J 3 f- "c " '/, VJ _r2 u 1 U tl. ■3 1 H ■*-; c u H Q- V ^ H _r; >• u c o i-» 111 u. b *j "U -Li '/. Q '/I x: I. < c c ~i >- ■J •n U 1 0. B ^' !/. n D ui ■^ 4J f- < 111 •J 2 1> E a: a 1 'i 11 X (- a. c '/- U a .■2 T3 c "7. 5^ ■*-» '/I > X a. "3 n LU — u :^ O 3 ■B i> r3 a; hJD U ^ LU Z C '/- c 'ti c 2 a. J5 o rt E 1 o 8 ■K ^ •% ZJ v>^^> A^ Q> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) u / o O :/ 1.0 I.I 155 IM 1112.2 III 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" - >- "/] <^ //, /J /A W^'w '/ Hiotographic Sciences Corporation \ V L1>^ N> q) \ #% ^ <^. ^ V 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 nmV: ill 4 i ■ i: I ..■li.- vi o u ~ III E X •y) He's 3 I- n « )£ -c - . -c i> i ^ ■u o ■" ^ > c E 3 ,-.i.-,i>:.^~.^-tMta:v.^-: ^1 >■ > ° 05-5 UJ c Z E = lu ^ ^ ^E^ u g-l I E H<5 i» ^ o <^- •■*-• Xt ° = n o i ^ 1 1 1 3 -r II 05c «; <-> j: j= 3 -^^ ■" o -n ""S g E "."S ■*. ■£ v o ~ '^ I. o r ■u c — e o =: § E 22 « § §• 3 c;^ i> ; ■ ■i 1 ; I ^ijlll 1 : 1 ; \ t I ! ^ >. Xj C c x: ^ i> E i ^. E -i S c- — • i-i 1, £1. — t* -^ - T- T> >C ■ t- ? ,u o^^ ■< ■*- >, -f^ i> J J= '= 'C " < — ^ _ tr Qi = E 5 ; UJ • 1) 'i 5 5:5 2 Is LANDING ON SUEZ CANAL, EGYPT.— The Suez Canal, which connects the Red Sea with the IWediterranean, was begun April 25, 1859, and fully completed March 18, 1869. During the time of construction, which lasted ten years, 25,000 men were employed, and i6oocamelstosupply them with water. The cost of constructing the canal was $95,000,000, part of which was raised by shareholders and the balance by the Khedive. This picture represents a landing stage and one of the English trading vessels, sailing between England and India. A number of camels and Arabs are seen on a ferry-boat, ready to be taken across the canal, the latter furnishing the great highway for all European vessels sailing to or from the Orien* 381 POST OFFICE, Suez, Egypt.- The site of this town is naturally an absolute desert, and, until the water of the Nile was introduced by the fresh water canal in 1863, the water-supply of Suez was brought across the head of the gulf from the " wells of Moses," on the Arabian coast, or else carried on camels, after an hour's journey, from the fortified bracUish well. In spite of Its favorable position for commerce, the place was quite small prior to the time of the canal, and even to-day the canal carries traffic past Suez rather than to it. The picture shows the post office square. Pr?f M ^'',; lit m 4 YAFFA OR JAFFA, PALESTINE.— Jaffa, the ancient Joppa, Is quite a large town, lying on tlie S. W. coast of tfie Mediterranean, at the foot of a rock one hundred and sixteen feet in height. It has over eight thousand inhabitants. This town is very ancient, and a road runs directly from it to Jerusalem. The houses are built of tuff-stone, and the street are generally very narrow and dirty, and, after the slightest rain, ex ;dingly muddy. The town walls are falling to decay, and the interior of the tow n is uninteresting. Tr.idition points out the place as the one in which Napoleon is said to have caused plague- patients to be poisoned, and in which St. Peter once lived.— (Act lo : 5, 6.) f ! GENERAL VIEW OF JERUSALEM, PALESTINE— Here is a place of overwhelming interest. In the foreground we see St. Ann's Church, with its quaint cupola. Little is seen of the ancient City of Zion and Moriah, the far-famed capital of the Jewish Theocracy, in the narr'- .', croolced and ill-paved streets of the modern town. The combination of wild superstitions, witii the merest formalism which is everywhere observed, and the fanaticism and jealous exclusive- ness of the numerous religious communities of Jerusalem, form the chief modern characteristics of that memorable city, which was once the fountain-head from which the knowledge of the true God was wont to be vouchsafed to mankind, and which has exercised the greatest influence on religious thought throughout the world. Pfl WAILING PLACE OF THE JEWS, JERUSALEM, PALESTINE— Outside of the enclosure of Mosque El Aksa, at Jerusalem, is the noted wailing place of the Jews. A large number of them. Including old and young, male and female, gather here on Friday, kiss the stones and water them with their tears. They bewail the downfall of Jerusalem, and read from their well-worn Hebrew Bibles and prayer-books the Lamentations of Jeremiah. The following few words are itn exact copy from their litany : " For tlie Palace that lies desolate, we sit in solitude and mourn." They present a curious spectacle. HI ■ ■. n : 1 i; li .■ ji ? m *• fc ■'3 >" S- _' c c ^ g_ ^ a n E 3 -t; "~ 'J o c 4> ■ • ■i: _M > 4J c '^ -^ o n ..£ 11 J! ^ 0.-C it - £ .i! M -' JZ « c -^ ■^ ■= n n H •" I .^ ^i £U (- ^ i/i -r; 111 as <=- U 1-5 Z i: ?= 1* n ? - 1 c rt c ■c i: -= n Ol *; Ol - H o fflWl : iii is t IH 1 Hi GARDEN OF GETHSEMANE, PALESTINE.— This holy place Is situated at the foot of Mount Olivet across the Kedroii, and noted as the scene of our Lord's agony. Jesus frequently came here, as did also His disciples. It is a small irregular spot, surrounded by a liigli wall. This wall was built in 1847 by Franciscan monks, who claimed it necessary to keep from the garden, pilgrims who injured tlie olive trees. There are seven of these trees remaining in the garden, whose trunks, nineteen feet in circumference, are cracked open with age, and claimed to date back to the time of our Saviour. 393 wm in I ) 1 ! ft !J. :] ill li,*!^"! ■".! ''.: IWPWJll .'JJ'fc .*■■:'. H W •' 1.1 mwnii BETHLEHEM, PALESTINE.—" But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall He come forth unto Me that is to be ruler in Israel." In Hebrew the word signifies the " place of bread," or, more generally, " the place of food," and is possibly derived from the fact that the region about Bethlehem has from very remote antiquity presented a marked contrast to the surrounding " wilderness." We learn from the Bible that the inhabitants of Bethlehem possessed cornfields, vineyards and floclis of goats, and that they made cheese. The natural products of to-day in every respect confirm this r?<;ord. '^wasw'WB^^W" r UbAD SEA, Palestine.— This sea, situated sixteen miles from Jerusalem and visible from the Mount of Olives, occupies that deep depression thirteen hundred feet below the Mediterranean, which extends from the mountains of Lebanon lo the Gulf of Akabah, and is forty-six miles long and about ten miles wide. The River Jordan and smaller streams empty their waters into it, and it has no visible outlet. The water of the Dead Sea contains a large quantity of mineral substances, consisting of chlorides of sodium, calcium and magnesium, which give it a bitter taste, and render it smooth and oily. w \Wm i . m NAZARETH, PALESTINE.— This vill.iKe, situateJ in Galilee ahout sixty-five miles from Jerusalem, is the place where Jesus grew up from iiifancy. Ki.'.:i its highest elevation the most beautiful views of the Holy I, and can be taken. The place must lia\e been very small in the time ol Christ, .i> llie \illaKe is not named in the Old Test.-iment. Tlie population in tliose times was mainly Jewisli, but it now li.as (jreek, Latin and Moslem qu.iiters and a I'rute'-lant mission. During the Middle Ages v.my Christians visited Nazareth, but when the lurks sei/.ed Palestine in 1^17, tliey were aj;ain driven out. 3W in ii I If '• : '4- V a i Imr St! I'.i . ,,. . . I r I I I Ii 'y fields of \ isid ^reen, attract the eye from ...i sides, and make up ,i v.iried scene tiot t ,-■ ■ r >« "' .'■■;- r — ■ '■" ' . .-;-■.* \ - i •- 1 liS-'--"-' ;l^: ^-' ..- ■■■" f -s\ ^-.\ S ■'•'■' ■■'I" ' ■ ' . ■ ,- ■' -.-•V— - . '■■^- •■••■■■-, ■ .\ > r ■- if' ItA HARM, CEVLON, INDIA.— The ciiltivatiiin of tea in Ceylon has only been recently introduced. A small iiu.inlity of pure, good lea is produced annually and finds a ready market on the Island. It has not yet become an article of e.xport. The fragrant shrub, which in form and species closely re- sembies.the camellia, bears a white flower, giving ,i tea-garden In bloom a beautiful appearance. Indian tea is the very purest grown, although it has only within the last forty years become a staple product. There Is a vast territory suitable to its successful growing, the plants In some parts of India being indigennus. 4(9 iHiiiiJ f^JbLi,ci^.%iJ^. NINE STORY PAGODA, CANTON, CHINA.— Tliis is ojie of the most Lclebrated of this class of buildings in Cliina. it is an octagonal pagoda, of nine stories, 170 feet in heigiit and was first prected thirteen centuries ago. Brick, covered with marble or glazed tile, was the material used in construction. Each story is reduced in width and h.is a gallery round It. The roofs are hollow and sagging. They project a great deal, the corners being turned up sharply. In these corners, light bells are suspended, which make a constant ringing when the wind blows. 4" r ;P i^M-jff^i'fiTi^i^^'^iif^^y^'^i^i^T'^i^f^ -n bjC ■J i; n k^ > i3 (T, n c -3 ■r. s -1 n - T3 ;^ -" ■^ rl X fcX X G u. ■^ ■73 ■^ r, ri 1^ fc'. *-< P > 1- X. " 1/ u ■ F /. bi i» It ~ i' tc := ^ " X, - 1 ". "2 c '7 ?■ *x z: T 3 1^ •u x: . r., l_ LU ^• ij 'J u. - ^ "t:: — Of ;;• E YOKOHAMA, JAPAN.— Yokoli;iin;i is the most impdi'taiit of tlie live ports in J;ip;m, open by treaty to foreign Lommerce and residence, liotli on ac- count of its proximity to ToUio, tlie capital, ;nij of tlie extent of its trade. It stands on a plain, extending along the Ray of Tokio and sluit in hy hills. In iSsQ, wlien the neighhoring town of Kanagawa was opened to foreigners, under the treaty with the United States, Yokohama was an insignificant lisli- Ing village. The town has since increased so r.ipidly, that in 1886 the population was o\er one hundred and ten thousand. The h.irbor, which is a part of tlie Bay of iokio, is large and commodious. Steamers from San Francisco, Vancouver's Island, China, and other ports, call regularly. 425 ^ i ram fafimmgmm^ mnfmm ''"n«w'?'-"^lPP!P( JIN-RICKISHA Japan.— The Jin-rickisha is the universal conveyance in Japan. It is impossible to hire a carriage or a horse. This vehicle is some- thing between a small perambulator and a hansom cab, with a hood that shuts hack, and seating one or two persons. It is drawn by a man, who gets in between the shafts, pressing against the cross-bar at the end. These men trot along at from five to seven miles an hour, and are splendid specimens of muscular development. Their dress consists of a pale blue cotton shirt with hanging sleeves, and tighl-fitting breeches of the same material, 427 >'V>aJ , A J^ ' 11 iillBWiiWWiWWPWiiPWIiWliPiWW^^^^ GREAT BUODHA. KAMAKURA, JAPAN.— This colossal fiKuie, of great antiquity, is in a sitiiiig posture and is forty-sever feet IiIkIi. It was L,i--t on the spot, In sections of ahoutslx feet In height, formhiK one huge mass of metal, In which the divisions of the several castings are distinctly visible. Ilie figure represents Buddh.i in meciif'tion and Is full of dignilied repose. A large jewel is placed in the middle of the forehead, from which light is supposed to beam, and Is significant ol Ruddli.i hein»; " Tlie Liglit of the World." This wondeiful piece of woik w.is, after eight l.iilurc:*, a^cuiiipli^lied in 74') by Fakusho. an artist fmm Corea, and Is marvelouily perfect and well preserved. m ■^■^■■^Hia wmmimmmiiKimmmmwmmmm^wmf'mMmjmM 111* '"' MEI.nOlJRNF, AUSTRALIA,— Mellioiirne, tlioi:;i|-ital of the Colony of \'ktnii;i, .-iikI Ihe iimst populous lity in Austr.ili.i, is situ.itcj at tlu- licaj of tlic bay (i! I'oit I'liilip. on tlu' noitli Ivnik of tlio Yaira Kiver. Collins Slrot't, rfpro>t'nlod in the |iliotoj;rapli, contains most of llie lashioiiable shops in Melbourne. It runs parallel with the ri\'er. and is a i;ooi.l example of the piincipal thoniunhtares uf the ii(\ , wIulIi are wide and well Kept. The iiMi\ ersal appeara' ' ol prosperilN', acti\it\' and comliirt under tlie usualls' clear blue skv, impresses tlu' sisitor las'or.ibK'. There a:e nian\' line public buildings in the city, n., ,' of them situated on positions Ironi whii.h they can be seen to advantage. m I'M iiiiiPiiiiiiiiiiHiin mmmsBmmmmmmmmmmm^mmmmmrmmsmmi^mmmwm TYPICAL SCENE, Sandwich Islands.— The r.uines and iiiduntain-slopes on the whiJward side nf tlie larger Islands contain much forest Krowtli, while the leeward uplands and plains are comparatively bare. Anions the most remarkable forms of vegetation is a screw-pine and candle-niit tree, so named from the fact that the natives strinti; toi^ether the kernels, which are verv oily, and make candles. The natives derive their sustenance chiefly from pork and tish, botii Iresh and dried, and from the banana, sweet pot.ito. \am. bread-fruit and cocuanut. 4XS sraf" wmimm:'w'^''m^wm mmm, mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmma^^-^^ GENERAL VIEW OF RIO DK JANEIRO, SOUTH AA\ ERICA.— Rio Je Janeiro, tlie capital of Brazil, and one of tlie principal seaports of South America is situated on tlie western side of one of llie linest natural liarbors in the world. One of the pleasant features of the city, is the abundant supply of excellent w ater, distributed to numerous statelv fountains In the streets aiid public sgi.-res. Rio de Jeneiro is the commercial, as well as the political, capital of Brazil. It is the terminus of nearly the whole railway system of the country. It contains the principal arsenal in the Republic, and most of the Brazilian cruisers have been built in its docU-yards, _^ 11 I*- j ||yiHJLiiUJjtiiii|M.pill^.|i|iii.iu;.I.V|lUJ«M|iy .^.ipL.i^ STREET SCENE, Rio Uli JaNKIKO, South America. -The streets of Rio de Janeiro Jo not iinpiess the traveller favorably. 1 iicy are e.\v.es.sively narrow and the buildings by no means handsome. In the southern division of the city, the streets, one of which is shown in the photograph, are much more open and attractive. This Is the fashionable district, and contains many delightful residences. The city itself, during business hours, Is full of activity. Immense numbers of negroes crowd continually up and down with heavy bags and bales. The government of Brazil has been making great effoi's to improve the condition of the streets and good progress is being made. «7 p i^^mmmmmi^P'm^^mtf^ COFFEE FARM, BKA/ilL, SOUTH AA\ERICA.— Coft'ee is one of the chief products of South America. The country derives much of its wealth from coffee plantations. The plants are grown in the shape of small poplar trees, seven or eight feet high and two or three feet thick. They look beautiful in flower, the pure \\ hile star of the hlossom being well set off by the extreme darkness of the foliage. It was only as late as 1810 that Soutli American coffee came to be highly valued in the outside markets. The e.xports of coftee In iXiS amounted to almost $1,200,000 and in 1873 had increased to $65,000,000. 4.» THE CATHBUKAL, CITY OP MEXICO, MliXICO.— The C.itlu'dial is the largest anJ most sumptuous cluiivh in America. It faces the nnrtli side of the plaza, oil tlie side of the great pyramidal teocalli or temple of Huitzilopoclitli, titular god of the Aztecs. This edilice, which was founded in 1573 and tinislied hi 1657, at a cost of $2,000,000 for the walls alone, forms a Greek cross, 426 feet long and 203 wide, with two gre.it naves and three aisles, twenty side chapels and a magniticent high altar, supported by marble columns .and surrounded by a tumb.igo balustrade, with sixty-two statues of marble, rich gold, silver and copper alloy serving as candelabra. Kvm m ■ fifv; n't J '.v-'f I..'! n-t '■ T-"v ■<■ I ; NATIONAL. PALACE, CITY OV- MliXICO, MrxiCO.— The Nation.-il Palace was originally the Viceregal residence. It has a frontage of six hundred and seventy-five feet, and contains most of the Government oflices (ministerial, cabinet, treasury), military headquart'.rs, archi\es, meteorological depart- ment with observa'ory, and the spacious hall of ambassadors, w 'i' some remarkable paintings by Miranda and n;,iis'e artist-- Niirth of the palace, and apparently forming portions of it, are the post-oftice and the natini museum of natural history and antiquities, -.ith a priceless collection of Mexican re- mains. ITie palace is a very imposing structure, and one of the ihust famous buildings in the city, 44^ HIV m tmw ■^nr^ 'V-'.,'-V f.-Tsf'-n-' '■ if^vmmmmm. pp^fspsjfw"'- ■^wmmmpmr' STREET SCENE, City op MnXICO, MnxiCO. -Porli.ips the str^vls nf no other i:itv presi-nt si .livoi>il'K\l .1 picture ,h tliose of tiie cils' of Mexkn. Every variety of costume, ci\il aiiJ religious, liiJian and European, of the city and country, is intermini^led in tlie crowd. Tlie native Mexicans, men and women, are easily distinguished by their Kirments, which are of the lishtest description. The streets, in the early mornins, are overrun with ped- dlers, whose cries are peculiarly discordant. In the attenioon the fashionables resort to the parks, whicli are in the best part of the city. I'he avenue in the photograph represents one uf llie 'nost fashionable thoroughfares. 44* '^'-ii?'fi'i'^m^mpi^fim^vs:% V « >. Tj -a rj E oc X — "t^ ^ CI -^ i> c ■J ^ ij 1^ >• C >. til ij P !^ p V ._ ij u ■A "7. 'J •A V -*— ' •J ^ Xl 'J ■5 •^ ^ •u l- -3 "'^ tjC ■*^ IJ ^*ii "^ .— r: ■n -3 1^ i» 1* -n 1^ Ij T^ X. -h; •^ ^ 3 ■_j rj 'j^ .— X i3 U >. r: b ?^ "2 ■u X "2 v. •r. "^ l3 X. X ^' .r: ■^ two > '~i :; S "3 •r. 'I. .3 j^ ■f. C j; c E ■r. •X ■r. E X ^ OJ r; b C 13 -g X p y- &. iJ X H C P > y; •/ Ti: -^ i ., . H- ^ "? P ij c ~ 5 c t:; n u ■r. a. ■f, '/, '-> ^ L. X ^ >- »-! £. 'u lu i ^ i 5: X 53 ^ ^ - -= '~ o c ^ s - >■ o ; - 1 ■?E -3 = C 3 t; c 11 = E •/. £ [- ^ i> fc 3 > C "3 E - J rtj *-• +_i SUGAR PLANTATION, CUBA, WEST INDIES. —SuKar is one of the chief aKriculturnl products of Ciiha. The " Ingenios,'' or sugar estates, with large Iniildiiigs and tnills for sugar refilling, are tlie most important industrial estahiishmeuts of the island, ranging in extent from live hundred to ten thousand acres. To tlk- systematic planting of sugar-cane in 1640, tlie m.ir\elous prosperity of Cuba and the other West India Islands is greatly due, .ind it was from its successful propagation that vast fortunes were made. The exports in 1873 exceeded six hundred lliousaiid tons, of a value of about 160,000,000. ' ' .1 111 _I .1- jj u ^^^^■^^i^AAa •r^'W'r««i!^<:?BW'*^*»^^ ■r ■u b W) ■^ ■^ ti •f. C o C aj 3 c n C. — "3 3 "oJ 7 "V !>. r-; •^ 'J r3 •b ■— "■J J V !/) ■fl n tt "3 H t- 'n I- bJ5 n ^ d^ '/- 1^ i» u E r E fi >. ■5 > t; 1 i< .= '/' 'c ^ H rj w c- 'J^. V* 2 'j_ 'J, ■J E E ■J :? •+- V 7". "3 V •J 1* i* o 'xT L. ■^ •n c ■ c X U (Lj 1< s .i; 'J >. c C- E L. > '^U Ji IJ TL ,^ 2 •/. B ^ C jj" o c < r. X < ■f. 5^ \j '^ !:./. < -J •u 1/ ■^ X < '^ •^ ■jj j;2 'J ;/ si <::. < 3 u u Xi 'J 2 > ;j tJl I -g <1J X V; H t/"i Oj i- a. c 1- 3 ■\tifi*;-. .{►'*■ PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, OTTAWA, CANADA.— I'he capit.-il of the iJominidii of Canada is situated on tlie Ottawa River, four hundred and fifty miles from New Yorl<, and one hundred and twenty-six miles from Montreal. It is one of the most tlourisliinn cities in Ontario, on aijcount of the ^reat luml^er produits in the surrounding districts. The city was founded sixty-three years a^o, its chief attraction heinj; the C,i\ ernment Buildings, wliicli stand on Bar- rack Hill, .ind are built mainly of lit;hf-colored sandstone. The styleof architecture is that of Italian Gothic. The main building is five hundred feet long, co\ering nearly four acres, and involving a cost of $4,000,000 in its construction. 45S .^^ I^^J T GOl-DEN GAl t, C \l IHoRNIA. -Thl> ioims the entraiue lo San I rancisco Buy, wW\d\ is about seventy miles long and from ten to tifteen wide, r.nj is naiTiiweu into a channel duly ahoiit one mile u'ide ; here tlie waters escape in a current as the tide ebbs and flows to and from tlie ocean. As one approaches from the ocean towards tlio l\iy, tlie SMUth side of tlie (Jolden (late exhibits a shelving point of land which terminates in a long fortification called Fc.rt Point. The portion of the strait between the liglit-liouse on the north and the fort on the south, is termed " The ( jolden Gate," or " Clitysopyia'," IS- MAPKET STREET. San FKANCISCO, California. -The ^.ily is the cnmmercial metropolis of Calilomi;i, .iiij is sitii.ilej iie.iiiy six miles iroin tlie ocean on the west side of the magnifkent hay from which it derives its name. It stands on a plain which inclines towards the bay, and has numerous hills behind it The citv is r-nularly laid out, the streets crossing each other at right angles. Market Street, which has four street-car tracks, two of uhiih are cable lines, is liie principal business street ; it nins south-west from the bav. and divides the older from the newer portion of the ciU'. Tlie city was origi- liully called Verba Buena (" good herbs "), and was settled by the Spaniards .about i777i but was changed to San Francisco hi 1847 *i9 mmm T^ GENERAL VlhW C^ THE YOStMITE VALLtY, CaLII-ornia. The Yosemile Valley is situated one hundred and fifty miles distant, in a direct line, a little tii tlio snuttieast nf San Francisco. It Is six miles in leuKlli .uid Irnni half a mile tn a mile in width, and -^unk from two thousand to three thousand feet in perpendicuiar depth belnc the t^'ueral lr\el of the surnnindin;', lountry. The waterfalls in and about this \-alle>' are of threat heauty and variety. The Nevada and Vernal l-aJfs of the Merced i :; ?5 y s I ^' £ ^ fc 5 > xt J^ v.- rj -J = •£ > "» > 7; *r 2 S u ^•- r! 1- — i: .= o /^ H — -^ " Oi -^ >, '^J^ c ^' *^ 3 U Ji ^ M O Ji t ■£ ■£ :i 7. > U ?: •-^ — c o '^ 'J o — u., j:^ Lm rt n 1J C- i< — c -J 1 < "3 5 ■^. ''x Oy OL r- n z, 1^ TZ -1 ■ft E < 1» u y. ^ ^+- r^ — - .,_, 'A. -J I— '*^ i» m ^ t/i n O -J t-. n LU .^ iai 1? < _J -7 a: 'J a; cc -U S 3 t3 .2 « - ■^ p I >. 02 !/) — > -^i — X Q. - s = 1- ^ O^ 5= t ?■ E^ IT -3 ■" 1 ^ t-jT ■ ii^trr-"'-i«rti>%Miiiiiir''-*''''''' ' OS b •♦r "n O C tf f=U ^ is ItT^'Sf^ ■■"*«■ ■r. PULPIT TERRACH, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.— The Yellowstone Park has In the vkinity of the Mammnth Hut bpriiins many remarkal'le terrace-building springs, whicli are situated one tliousandfeet abo\e the (Jardiner River, into whicli tliey discliarse their waters. Tlie water tiiiJs its w.iy to the surface through deep-lying cretaceous strata, and contains .i gre.it deposit of calc.ireous ni.iterial. As tlie w.iter flows out at llie various elevations on the terr.ices through many vents, it forms corrug.ited lasers of carbonate of lime, wiiich is gene'all>' h.ird wiiile wet, Init becomes suft when dry. While these springs are active, veget.ition dies in their vicinity ; but when drv, grass and trees .igain grow on tiie crumbling calcareous deposit. 47» OBSIDIAN CI-IFI", Yl;l.l()\VSTONf: National Park.- This \wWd .mJ vdk.mic ulass iiiciuiitaiii. situated ill tlie Yellowstone Park, Rlistens like jet, Is opaiiiie and rises like basalt in almost vertital columns, from the shore of Heaver Lake. It is uiiequaled in the world, and Is about two hundred feet IiIkIi ai'J mie thousand feet in length, beliit; variefiated with streaks of red and yellow. When the carriage road was constructed over the side of the mountain along the lake, great tires were built upon the masses of Obsidian; .iiid after the-' had been siifticientiv expanded by the heat, cold water was thrown on them, which fractured the blocks into fragments that could be handled. Thus a glass c.irriage wa\ was made one-iiuarter of a mile in length, which is without doubt the only piece of glass road in the world. i M*> MAMMOTH PAINT POTS, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK-AmniiK ;ill tlu- geysers and Imt spriiiRs in Vfljdw stone Park, there is iinthint; more striking to behold than the Mammoth Paint Pots, \s hich measure forty hy sixty tivt. with a mud rim on tliree sides from three to tour feet in heiglit. The whitish substance in this basin, whiih looks liles a sound similar to a hoarse w hisper. Its contents ha\ e been reduced bv the constant action to a mixed siliciousclay, which in furiner years consisted it different colors, but is now active only in the white portion ot its formation, 4/5 IHH ■ mm •mm .!£ i '/I 1j "2 a. •- >. is -3 _£ •2 ±: V :J 61 T '5 X. I; ^- V V i^ E — X 1; c. y 3 tr It' ■| U E 'Z T u i u > >- c *r X. — '^ ■c n v --3 t ^ •/ 3 2 3 c X S s. E E SI § 1-' i V ■X " 1 n u. i> r= - 5 v*l -n n >, '7. li ? ■^ 3 6 ■H ■r X ?: H it n .2 v •^ •^ = E < ■u '7! S V CL 7 1> •u ^ y. y "x *— ^ > ly 'x K -r I' 'J > <■ I- ll /T 5 ri H i X C c C _^ '*« y\ ■J ■J ::j 'e "r: c t- c: ^ ~ iu "^ X > k. ^ /- 1 .= _^ ^ 1/ ^ ■r) ^ ^ n V a; "3 ■^ r f 'x X 'J P3 X ■J - ■r. 7 V >- X ,^ ~ LU — 3 r; ■J n _J ■— r3 -V .::: X > 1 ^ § X " " H IJ ^ 1^ >. "i < ■^ 'X 1; z ^ i .i ■^ ■r. !^ ^ ^ .— c: ^ -, c O t/". 3 £; 3 f "«9il J > ' '^'^SIbI^SW ^^^'-sm^^- -* . C^: '^'' .«--*-*««•. ""^^ -^:r?^' ^'•^ YELLOWSTONE LAKE ANL ilOT SPKLNGS, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.— This lar^e a ' beautiful sheet i>t water is iiejiiy one-half mile higher than the summit of ;.Viunt Washington, N. H., and is surrounded by snow-capped inoiintains. it covers a.) area of one hundred and tifty square miles, and lias a great depth. Tnnit are so plentiful that there is little pleasure afforded in lapturing them. Tl'c lake i< fed by numerous large tributaries and a score of smaller streams. A number of boilinj; springs charged with sulphur, airm and alkali, Jut its shores ; and the lisiiermeu ...n coik ♦heir trout by dropping them into the boiling springs without walking from the spot where they are caught. 4» «t. ^ IS >..ts Itl "= -5 — •f: i: il 3 C C T5 £ ^ 2i 5 S § •5 " " a " = 3 *- ► ''^ 5 ^ iL -1 *-» t^ Oj T, i^ M£ C ^^H ^ < a. u. ^ -^ ■■' r '".-.^ •\ \ .• 1 \. - , ._/^ ^. M A '"V ;'~^^^_ X, ~^ J^^^^^''- JP^ ■ ^- ■-'"^^^ f^^i^^^^^^^^^i V GRAND CANON OF THl: YELLOWSTONE, WYOMING. —This wonjerfiil Kcirge, whose scenic beauty is not emmlej .iiivwlifte, lui> ,. ^.rjie of enchantment surpasshig all expectation. From the Lower Falls it reveals the most varied groups of crags and rock ever beheld. It passes througli .1 volcanic plateau, forming broken walls of barbaric richness of coloring that almost defies description. Red, purple and yellow predominate, and with the white foam of the rushing river through the bottom, and the dark green of the forest upon the plateau, form one of the grandest natural sights on earth. 4*1 i P M I Mi rHB>W *W!«im( Via>m^isme»mmmmmt>m!>fii«'c^'iHsmm,'<»-- mf!is'rpvi^m':^ ^v-.. .4 . . . — .^. ..,,- ^^^j - ■:■■ ?^' .. ^«^ » M ;'<^ri'' -^ttliM^^^^WiK ■j^'^- ^A^^-'^ k. ANIMAS CASON, Colorado.— This canon is between DniaMno anj Silverton, :ind the scenery tliroush it is of snipassing Kr.indeur and be.miy. The railroad follows the course ot the Animas River (to which tlie Spaniards Ka\e tlie musical Init melancholy title of " Kio de las Aninias Perdidas," or River of I ost Souls) until the picturesque mining town of Silverton is reaclifd. To tlie riRht is the silvery Animas Ki\er, whicli frets in its narrowinu bed, and breaks nto foam against the opposing boulders, beyond which rise the hills ; to the left are mountains, increasing in rugged contour as the advance is made, and in the shadow of the rocks all is solitary, weird and awful ; the startled traveller loses all apprehension In the wondrous beauty and grandeur of the scene. 485 J] h C n _!. i5 X ^ a 0*. 1J iL' O ■J 'a. CI. o E H -*-* ■t . ;^ c: — c -n r3 — 'J ^ r— r- c ;; ^^ o _;j B 1> ^ r > ■-1 (t) ■— u *-• c bt, ^ 'A •n -^ ^-^ i^ ■*- XI w C n b« 2 c^'> ^ t S " ■ - >■,-■. ^ i ^ = U ■^ *- ;S = = 5 E • " E c — ■J ^ == E ■Hi! J. X j3 c ^ — t t£ c 'J i> ■^ E ' 1^ ?* 'J h- E ■5 ■^ 1 •^ ^ F n 'A -3 X i» c kl "-i n C 1J 1^ :;: ■^ ^ ri r3 V '^ c .^_ ■f; t: U - ._ •ij C (/) S ?: -2 f/i 1^ n '-> -a ■^ ■— (Y ^ , h u ^ ■u ».^ 1^ ■r ■f _i; X. ■ ■ ■n X ^ > V LU ex. Si 'J ■J 'f. t— *" ■J II n T3 Xi I- "-) r. 1* '/. < "3 T3 C c 7 ^ i t: D E '/ •J > ^|££ mmmm ■ ■ - y, . *ii .* -Vf *■'. . -■"■'" ■ *■■. ' ' ' '.' ■ '. * r i o J - fh:^ .? ^ 111 ' ■'•*"' <^^'^ * ■ . . ._ . „_.^ — ^ir. VHHHH^^^^liJLiJ^^H MANITOU AND PIKE'S PEAK, COLORADO.— Manitou was known to white men long before Major Pike discovered the peak, and is noted for its famous soda springs, whose heaith-giving properties were familiar to the Indians from time immemorial. To this favored spot they made their pilgrimages, and in grateful recognition of the beneficent characteristics of the waters, they named the place in honor of the Great Spirit, and bestowed upon it the musical and significant title, Manitou. It is visited by thousands of tourists every season, and many make the ascent from hert to the top of Pike's Peak, which is seen in the background. 491 :\ SUMMIT OF PIKE'S PEAK, COLORADO.— In 1806 Major Zebulon Pike first described ttiis wonderful snowcapped peak, which now bears his name, and which he called the " Great Snow Mountain." When the mountain first dawned on his view, he was one hundred miles east on the plains. Tliis noted peak towers to the height of 14,147 feet, and its top is covered with perpetual snow. This photograph represents tlie U. S. Signal Station on its summit. The top is now reached by an Incline railway from Manitou, and from it the traveller may behold one of the grandest sights in Colorado. lli U » l| l |. l ! l! l l l'.ll..UIJMI i GATEWAY TO THE GARDEN OF THE GOUS, COLORADO.-Why tliU wMnJeituI valley, which has not the .nireuraiKe ol a uarJeii, was n.iniej the (jarden of the (Jods, no one Unows ; but, no doubt, by reason of its apt alliterations, the name lias become so popular that it would Pe foolish to change It. There are man\' remains which show that Titanic forces have been at work here. It does not require a lively imagination to discover in tlie garden an endless variety of beings, such as the lion, the seal, the elephant, birds and reptiles of imitative forms. The most ;:Oted object is the Great (jatew.iy. 495 MIK»»SW!M«imM«'»«r'»w>-j '•Ii*^- ;>i:^;:'^*!^.--'-.^ *'';^s"■.f;f. -''^.-•yr^,:'-i^:--^-x'-''j'^-'^-^f^^'-'' ',.^mii — r - iiiyM fa' iii w ^iMiiiifhrji^hi CATHEDRAL SPIRES, COLOPADO.— The strrinRcr passing tlimugli M.iiiitoii slinuld not fail to visit the {7aiJen of the Gods, in which are located the Cathedral Spires, wonderful rock formations, standing; upright, with pinnacles several hundred feet high. The wonderful region in which tluse spires are, in point of attraction, ranks with the sunny slopes of Italy, and the rugged grandeur of the Bernese Oberland. The scenery in this locality is so vaned, so Kraiid, and so irr.presslve, that contemplative pauses must be made in o: Jer tliat the eye may grasp al' the charming details of the view. 497 ^!i. ; :W- pipp^UPPiiBnipiupwwwwww—wiiiiiiiPfBi u LIFE IN OKLAHOMA, OKLAHOMA TERRITORY.— Oklahoma Territory is a beautiful stretch of country, aboundinR In vast and fertile plains. In the eastern part, the soil is particularly ricli and well irrigated, making it almost as productive as a garden. The territory was formerly the special domain for ail the Indian tribes, but this original race seems to be gradually becoming extinct. The above photograph represents a scene in Oklahoma County. This county is nearly in the centre of the territory, on the line of a railroad which has recently been opened. Owing to its admirable adaptability for agriculture, it IS fast becoming populated. The picture suggests the most primitive rural simplicity. 499 < M' I a> ^ c u K CO — t E > H .-tf S m i^ •n = c «j " E S ■" ;^ ri E •= — E ■" M ^ c < « g .S2 u ■- w i; c x; "2 XI ^ +-' .E x: M„ ^ o. .u. 41 C J* 41 •a . -2 ° ^ g "= c « i •" = j; JS ~ m 5 D > i« M m -^ ^ ^ __ 4J *- ^ E .5 !« 3 c bc ii J= •' X SEE ■^ ? E Qi V) "t; .2 tiO ^ikiQ ^jehgaifi ^^ H^'^v'- .-'i^'0-'"^^mk \ ^HK^^^: i;. ^^^^^^^IBSEe^^^II^Bv^ r^nj^^^^^H m '" Erv^B*^ ^^^^^^H^B^^^^ Pi - .* T^^^^^^^^^^^l ^B ^Aw^^Bf'^^Ss'S ^hBH^^^^^^^^^^^Bs. ' ^^H ^P^^^r^ -1 I^h^^^^^^^^^^^Hki m ^^^^^^^^^P^mP\ jjflior -.^^^^^^l i .j^^^^^HHf ^B m ^^^I^P f,V ■> . ^^^^^^^^J^^^HHIV^ ife>t l^^^l iii;-: ^^^^^Hp; \\ pf^rs?! ^^^^^^^^I^K '^^^^^^^^^^^H^ ^^^^1 1 '-^^^^^HH^^V'' "' . ^^BpB^^^^P^ ' : ' ■■ " r fc, ^^^^^^^^^^<*t «P^ ''.' "i^^H 'n fc^BP^^"" ' * ' H^,^ M i: ^ r^^-'" .■^.. - ^ 8l,. ■'. f m .^^ff : 1 I-' r:'-^^m\.M i' ■'^ ■ irplK- ' ■■■^^r . ^' ^:UM #1 . JP . , .j*^,^pr : . ■ fc_ 4_, *J Ij — -3 oa .,, S -3 ^r: I ■ .:=; -i: -3 cL ^ 5 T c L^ - I' =* J' > 11 V -3 £ ■" ■^ ■'• 3 ~j ■'6 i; v_ u- 4> j= ■-> ■*: *- ,i T •2 ^ E 5 .A t -f= "*^ i* -r; ,;' x: 6* Ml ::: — w *^ :3 1 ■J n 7: •n P ' < >x> — JA "3 ?5 9 11 'A •-5 > i> r- X. M -3 >.-) r' ») i- H r; 0^ ?^ —) > -3 u f- •n f= ^ a 12 ■^ O -3 V. •n n 'A ij — ^ -J -n > ij ai u U ^ c fci Z > < 'A :: U 1> LL ■n -n L. a ij f^ <• -a c ■4-1" n a OJ r it < z E < rz It H -' e S '^ ih Ji C 1- c '3 -3 -:) S = E ? :^ 12 = 1- E »- 1= E - -d ^ E -^ Z -^ O S^J<^ > u « ji — J *_ »_ -J -3 :S ' 1 1 - z" S 2 ^- - i/J E ? c u S^ct p -J w ■-^ -^ .^ ■N.- ^^.iiiir ;, • 1 PARK ROW, Nnw York city, N.Y.— The metropolis of the United St.ites, is considered the lieadquarters of thestocis and money mari\et. it is here wiiere the greater number of furelj;ii vessels land and depart, and where tlie majority of immigrants first step upon our shores. The city is built on Manhattan Isiand, which is 13 miles long, and from 2 to 4 miles wide. This picture represei Is Park Row, and the Ne-.v or'.; Times' BuildinK in the front and tlie gen- eral Post Oflice on the right, which is a large gra.iite strucuio, and ;in ornament to tlie city. New York has a population of nearly two million people, coin- posed of ail nationalities. This city gives to the stiVo' of iuiman nature an excellent opportunity to observe tlie life and habits yf th? ilifferent natiynsi TUpiPP^WP^ww— •!"' .1 1.11(11. -II .,11- BROOKLYN BRIDGE, NEW YORK CITY, N. Y.— This bridge, connecting New York vvitii Brooind a half acres. Its extreme height from the ground to the top of the Statue of Liberty, which stands upon the dome, is tliree hundred and seven and a half feet. The entire cost of the building has been $i 3,000,000. m