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"* ^ 6 V Lake St. Joh N AND THE (tREAT N()irWI-EA8T The following pajrrs; avo inioiidod to afford informa- tion with regard to a portion of the Dominion at pre- sent i'omparatively unknown, but which, owing to its fertile soil, rich forests and temporatc ilimato, must, without doubt, become one of the mopt populous and progressive regions in Canada. The territory in question extends from the head of navigation, of the River Saguenay, at Chicoutimi, to the Northern boundary of the Province of Quebec, a distance of 220 miles, and from the sources of the waters flowing into Lake St. .John, from the East, to the Kiver 8t. Maurice, ajid embracing the valley of the Kiver Baliscan, a distanrc of 200 miles, the whole form- ing an area of 11,000 sfpiare milcvs, or al)Out 2;^, 000,000 acres. Comparatively little is known of this great country, with the exception of the Valley of Lake St. John, which, within the last few years, has been colonized with great rapidity, and now contains a population of same 82,000. The value and extent of that portion of the territory which is known, can be appreciated from the annexed official report of the Assistant Commissioner of Crown Laudti of the rrovince of Quebec, which goes to show that even this limited area confains 0,000,000 acres of Ihe bcsi of aovicnltnral lands, a greater extent an all the ch'arcd lands contained in the tworrovin- I" Xova iS.otia and New l>rnnswi«k, whieh sustain a popnlation «.>t' three-quarters of a million. ( )f that i)orli')n of the territory comprised in the St. Maurite reiiion, Mr. Dumais, a Government Land Sur- veyor, says : — '• The soil in the Valley of the River Crochc is richer. Flat lands so to si)eak, nearly half a mile wide, covered with a luxuriant vegetation, among which elm and Jish predominate, stretch away on each side of the river for a distance of at least fifty miles. There are several settlements along these strips, at whieh abun- dant crops of hay and oats are raised. These rivers are all well tim])ered ; ])ine is to be seen all the way from the township Charlevoix, on Lake St. .lohn. to La Tuque. The river Croche is rich in pine ot th(> best quality. Mr. Hall makes 2">,000 logs a year on it, and at the same rate there is a supply for manv years to come. At present, taking into consideration the past ex- jilorations whieii we have made and that just complet- ed, the contrast is re-assuring.: I now perceive a gentle descent, with hardly any obstacle, towards the St. Law- rence, ])assing by the side of those mou7itains and precipices which we u.sed to regard as our only possi- i)le pass:! Tho Sagut'uay and >?t. ^Innrice reuioiis arc aliottdy tho, iicld of largv Innibeving opt'iatious, estimated :it 00,000,000 foot. 15. M., ])pr aiiiiuin, or .'(jiiivalout l(» about ono-rourth ol' the ^vh(>lo export nl' sinvii hiiiiboi- from tho ]iort of Quebec. Tho settled portion of this immense territory, oom- prisiiij^ a portion of the vnlley of liakf 81. John, and its climate, soil and productions are wh'H described iii the annexed letter from Mr. E. A.Panet, a gentleman who visited the country in 18s:', and who attests to the magnificent crops of wheat and other cereals raise pal set' and lh»» site of sovoral important industries) ami the surroundino' district, and as it will reach the head of navi«»:ati()n uf the River Sai'Ut'na}', will no doubt vastly increase tiie large tourist tiavel to that ceU'hrated river, by addinu' the attraitii>n of an all round route by rail and water. The hrmch to La Tuque will also i^ive comniunica- lion with »';) miles of steamb»»at naviuation on the River fst Mamice, likewi.^e formiiit"' an all round rail and water rout** from Quebe.-. via La Tuque and the (irandes Piles, to Three Riv vs. and also opening u|) to settlement the fertile valley olt he Riv«'vC"roehe, a tril>u- tary of the St. Maurice, and L,i\ ingeconomii-al a branch lines. A railway .system will thus be created, which will serve to develop the great interior of the Province of Quebec, and whi^ h will doubtles.- at no distant day, extend its civilizing influences to the w arm clay laiids which form the basin of James Bay. Every year fur- nishes new i»roofs of the .susceptibility of that great basin to become the abode of civilized men, as in similar latitudes in Europe, and teaches us that, w^hilst pursu- ing the laudable course of opening up the Great North- West, we should not neglect to make similar efforts to develop an almost equally valuable region lying at our very doors— the '• Great North-East. " No better evidence of the deserving nature of this project, or of its future utility to the Dominion could be had than tho cHiinest interest taken in it by one who has proved himself so sincere a Iriend to Canada and to all things Canadian, namely, the Rii>ht Honorable the Marqnig of Lornt\ our late Viceroy, ^vho writes as follows : — II 1,1 I (f'OPY.) Deah Sir, OsiJORNE, 27th Dec, IM-l 1 am printing now an account of Canada to form a popular illustrated book to aid emigration, I shall ho. happy to notice the Quebec and Lake St. John Railway, which is of the greatest interest to all who wish to see the back country well settled — a thing which can easily be done, and must be done, as soon lis there is quick communication established. I am glad to hear that your work is progressing. I remain, Yours sinceri'ly, (Signed,) LORNK. J. G. S(X)TT, Es(|., ) Quebec tV Luke St. John Ry., [ Quebec. ) ^*> 9 id lo as APPENDK i:S. to I lO »y )ii m > ])i:PARTMKNT OF CROWX LANDS, C^rKiJi-o, 2sth JrLV, 18S(i. James G. Scott, Esq., Scrrelart/, Qiicber atid Lake S/. John Raihvai/, (htfbec. Sill,— In answer to your letter oi" tlie 20tli install t. requesting that certain information be furnished to the (v>iud3ec and Lake St. John Itaiiway Company relative to that section of country traversed by their proposed railroad. I have ihe honor to inform you that the ter- ritory to be thus ojM'ned comprises an area of altout t;,:JUO,000 acr(\s, which may b.^ divided into two re- p^ions, having, with regard to soil, distinct ])hysi( al features. 1st.— The superlicies of that part of Lake Si. John and C'hicoutimi l)asin, formed of an extensive ami almost continuous alluvial deposit, to be within a short period benefitted by the consiruciion of the • oii- teinplated railway, may be set down at :!,r)UO,(M)o acres. 2nd.— That of the Iktiscan region, cut up by large streams and lakes intermingling in their ccmrs.v^, and running in ojjposite directions : soipe in Lake Si. John, others in the St. Maurjee, and in tlie liiv^'r St. Lawrence, with res ricted areas of alluvial lUits. covers an extent of about 2,8oi),000 acres. Both sections of country being shewn and distinguished l>y letters A and B on the map of the Province of Quebec herewith uccompanving. Out of t"he lirst of tht'>e sections, :i,2i)0,0(ii) acres can be counted on as well litled for coloni/aiiuii and tarm- iim-. Of the second, about S0(),()0ti acres will be found 10 li arable, and that principally aloug the line of the pro- jected railway. Up to date, 47-3.310 acres have been sold by the Crown lor purposes of settlement : 887,tiyi acres in the Lake St. John and Chicoutimi territory, and 87,07^ aires in the County of Portneuf, at th' tSouthern ex- tremity of the IJatiscan region ; fori ing with the 174,000 acres of Seigniorial grants, included in the same County, a total of C49,'n0 acres alienated. Up to the present, from the best data which can be obtained, about 180,000 acres of the 0,300,000 above stated have been cleared, more or less imin'oved, and settled upon ; the remainder consists of forests or wild lands, of which 3.000,000 acres are under lieene or permit to cut timber. The predominating forest trees covering the greatest part of this extent of territory, are the spruce, tamarac, white pine, cypress, (a kind of pitch pine of a dwarfy species.) whit»^ birch, black birch and cedar. Asa rule the spruce is found the most abundant, and other trees in accordance to the order in which they are now given. AVheresoever settlements cannot, on account of the soil, extend over a whole country, as in the Batiscan region, these timbered lands, if judiciously managed, will be found jui everla.sting source of le venue ; as it is well established in C inada, that tracts of land covered with spruce, lit for ^^aw logs, can be cut over every thirty or forty years. 1 regret exceedingly that the records of this office do not contain information, such as to enable you to form a correct idea of the amount of timber, which in the territory above described, has been, and can be derived from a given area. I have the honor to be. Sir, Your obedient Servant, {Signed,) E. E. TACHfi, Assistant Commissioner. > 11 MR. PAXET'fc^ LETTER 'r OPINIOXS OF THE PKolT.H. {To the Editor of the Mornino; ChronitJc.) Dkau Sik, — Having' just, idunioJ IVoin a ItMiutlh-iu'd tour over the Valley ot Lako Si. John in thoCounly of Chicoutimi, begun in Septcmbor last, I wish to avail myself through the columns of your valuable paper to give your readers my impression.s of that vast and wonderful territory lying so far north of Quebec, and so little known, but which is now beginning to attract so much attention. Tourists leaving Quebec by the St. Lawrence Navigation Company's steamers 'Saguenay" or " Union," for Chicoutimi and way ports, admire the magnificent scenery which i)rt'sents itself to tht^ vii^w of the traveller, the whole distance down the River St. Lawrence to Tadousac, and from th(>nce up the River Saguenay to Chicoutimi ; but had tourists the opportu- nity which railway communication would afford, of extending their trips to Lake St. John and view the lake from the rise of land overlooking the pretty little village of St. Jerome, they would wish for no grander sight than that immen.se sheet of water, with shor»'S of beautiful white sand, and would wonder how it was su.ch a beautiful country had not been opened to civ- ilization long years ago. The settlement of the country around the lake is of comparativelv recent datr. The lir.^t beuinning was made by that couraueous pioneer whose norfii (t\ri\ or 50th anniversary of his admission to the priesthood, was cele])rated only last month. :it Kamouraska. I allude to the Kevd 'M Heljcrt, who, witli a devoted little band of colona, cut the first tree, in IH'.I, on the shores of lake Kenogoinahish, where now si amis the thriving village of Hebertville, named after that worthy priest, about 15 miles south of Lake St. John, the chef-lieu of the county, and the most populous parish of the lake district. 12 The settlemout of the numerous other ptiri.slies which now clot the southern and Avestern shores of j^ak(^ St. John is evt'u more recent. The date oi" their establishment, their extent and their population at last census will be seen as follows : — Ranges Begun. Pop. deep. TointeBlcne 2 ISoG 1180 St. .Terdme s 1862 180-'? Pointe-aux-Trembles 8 18(14 1067 St Prime 7 1867 056 St. Felioien 7 I860 .V'.d St. Gedeon 1875 6'.4 St. Joseph D'Alma 1877 710 Normandin 1880 400 The district has been settled by young farmers, from all the Eastern parts of the Province, notably from Kamouraska, Murray Bay, Bale St. Paul, Chateau Iti- cher, Beauport and (^ue!)e('. As a general rule, the only stock in trade, which these new settlers took with them into thai new and almost unknown country con- sisted of an axe and good strong arms, backed by great courage and perseverance. The case of the lirst settler at St. Jerome may be taken as a sample of what nearly all had to undergo. Charles C'auchon, left Chaieau Richer, near Quebec, in 1862, with |10 in his pocket, accompanied by his wife and a family of live little children, liy the time he reached Lake Kenogami, his little stock of money was exhausted, and he had to give a week of his labour to pay the passage of his family in canoes — then the only means of communication — to the southern end of Lake St. John — where he estal)lished himself and founded the nourishing parish of St. Jerome. It is unnecessary to rehearse all the hardships and priva- tions endured by Cauchon ; he reaps his reward from the rich soil he has cultivated, and he now owns a good house, large barn and an excellent farm, well fenced, and drained, valued, even at the low rating of Municipal Councils, at !s)2,500. This year, although 15 only one-fourth of his farm is midt-r cuUivjition, he hns Tiiised 250 bushels ofwhent, 200 bushels oi" outs. i:)0 bushels ol' peas and buckwheat, 240 bushels ol' ]iotato»'s and other ve*i-etabh'S in abundance. His barn is Tail fo repletion, and he speaks in the highest terms of thr productive nature of the soil, which yields 2") busliels of wheat to the bushel sown, and 25 bushels ol" ])eas or o5 of oats per acre. As a rule the new settlers who have taken up land at Lake St. John are intelligent, adversity having shar- ]>ened their intellect, and enterprising, and will rorni the nucleus of a very desirable population. It is no un^'ommon thing to meet larin<'rs who hav*? had col- legiate educations. . EXTENT F TIIH TEllRlTOin. It is very dillicult to estimate the extent (tlgood land still to be opened up in the Lake St. .lohn district. Th<' nature of the soil cannot he judged in the usual man- ner, bv the quality and size of the trees, as the best of the soil is to be found in localities where the trees are small and poor-looking— consequently portions of the territory which have been considered unlit lor settle- ment are found to be quite th*^ contrary. For instance, in rear of St. Jerome, on the River Metabet(!hn parishes, if not more, can be established there, on the l)osl of IiukI I'lom ihe Peribonca totheGrando Decharp'o, ihe soil is also said lo be iiood ; in fact, lh»^ North side of \ho lake is sai\v can be had. From this point, looking West and North jor probably 1 00 miles, or as far as t)ie eve can rea«h, not a hill, is to be scfu, nf)thing but one vast wooded plain. - watered by noble rivers, the Ashuapmouchonan and the Mistassini - each of them from hall a mile to a mile in width — of the richest soil, only the fringe ol' which has been touched by the new settlements of St. Prime, St. Iclicien and Nrts indicate that it contains three millions acres of ara' le land, an area greater than all the occupied lands of the Maritime Provinces. Truly the district is a Province in itself t]AMXTK. The climate of the Lake St. John region is said to be that of Montreal ; there is no doubt of its being superior to that of (^uibec. The snow fall is certainly less ; protected from Easterly snow storms by the great range lor the Laurenlides, whi«h intervene between the Lake an 15 THE SOIL Is almost universally c-m posted of a rich ur* y clay, and in the few places where this is not exposed and where the surface appears sandy or of yellow htam. the clay is not more than three or four inches below. The land seems to be inexhaustible. At Point -iiux-Tn'nibh's I was shewn a field of wheat which hnd been prodminp;- that grain for the last l") years without the api>li(atiou of any manure, and the grain I saw tliis yt-ar was a^ fine as any to be found in this district Truly one is struck with wonder at the richness of the soil, for I believe there is none richer in Canada. THE F.AKK. Lake iSt. John is a magnificent sheet of water abound- ing in fish, suchastheOuinaniche (landlocked Salmon.) Pike, Dore, and other smaller kinds of fish, lor which there will be a ready sale iiiQuebrc, when theriuKAay reaches the shores of the lak»'. Only on a very fine day < an the other t-'idc of the lake be seen ; at all other times it conveys the impres- sion of an inland sea. On a calm day its bosom is like a mirror ; but let a stitf north breeze blow for a couple of days and wliite caps will be seen everywhere, and breakers roll on its shores which would do credit to the Atlantic. Followin;^- uj) the w e'>i shove ol the lake the scenery is very line. \ distant blue point, hardly visible at first, gradually resolves itself into a long coast line, dotted with larms, villages and churches, remind- ing one of the St. Lawniice below Montreal. The eye never tires ol" the beautilul landscape; on one side fields of wheat, rising gradually Irom the border ol the lake, on the otherthe broad expanse o| the, lake. AV'hat a place for tourists when the railway is finished I WllKVI' Another thine- whi' h imprests ihe slranu-er favor- ably as to the resources i)[ the country is the largo 16 huiiiIkm- of flonr-mills and 1 ho constant strp.nm of vp. Iiiclcs carryiiiLL' \vh«'at io tho mills and Hour from thorn. There is no doubt that tho I'arniors thoro produce nioro than llu'jr consume, and the Ontario miller need not look there lor consumers, but may, in a lew years, ex- pect lormidable rivals in the millers ol" Lake iSt. John, lor in six or seven years, at the lonuvst, the Hour mer- chants of Quebec will be selliiifj^ the Hour from wheat raised at Lake St. John. nil ) DUCTS. The census returns of 1S81 shew that the County of Chicoutimi raised then, compared with the years 1801 and 1871 :— 181)1. 1871. 1881. Wheat, bushels 10,912 1:5(!,099 ir)4,589 Oat.s " 89,31(1 117,249 211,2U» I'.arley, " .3i>,922 71,210 47,025 Other urains 108,188 I'otatoes, bushels 101,382 l.")(),99(; 287,238 Hay, tons 3,048 5,900 10,347 Jhitter, iwunds 01.777 148,100 393,127 Headof live stock 18,740 44,772 59,795 Tobacco, pounds 07,437 ropulation 10,478 17,493 32,409 Potatoes, carrots and other vegetables yield abund- antly and of immense size. Wheat is of course the ureat test of the soil and clim- ate of any au'ricultural country. Let us then compare its inoduetiou at Lake iSt. John, with the best districts of the Province, viz: the Eastern Townships ; and we 11 nd that the census shews in 1S81 : — Pushols Popula- Bushels per 1,000 County. tion. Wheat, of pop, Chicoutimi :;2,409 154.589 4,800 Compton 19,581 34,181 1,800 Stanstead 15,550 37,727 2,400 Huntington 15,495 24,378 1,000 17 The rapid increase in dairy produots i,s verv strikiiin- Already there are in the County of ChLontimi no less than our choese lactorie., and on.' for th.-, manufacturo oi butfer; all turnniir out a very suporiorartido which should command the hi-h.vsi priev. The distri-l bids lair to outstrip any other part of th,> Province in this important product. Farming is carried on on a scale which would not a ittle surprise our fanners in th • district r»f Quoh,.,' One larmcr in the neighborhood of (^hicoutim, has about . nnnT'V'r^'r •'"l!»^'^^I«''». ^^^^^ raised this year some 4 000 bushels ol jrrain alone-his enormous barns ovi- dence the conhden. e he has in the productiveness of his land Quite a business is carried on in the raisin- ol live stock, and the Sa-uenay steamers })rinn- a full complement of excellent cattle to thn Quob.M- inirket every trip. DRAWBACKS. The great, in lact almost the only drawback to the country is the want of means of communication The co,si of cartarre from Chicoutimi, the head of navigation to Lake ISt. John, is enormous. To St. Felicien "a dis- tance of about 100 miles (and not the most distant point lor there are settlers 20 miles further in and will be 100 miles still further,) it costs from i$1 to .«sl.o0 per 100 lbs. lor cartage. This is a t.>rrible lax, especially on heavy and bulky goods, and on all produce, for ex- ,^ ample:— Coarse salt, which is worth from .")(ic to HOc per bag, in Quebec, sells, al Hebertvilie, for Si <;o (o •12 at St. Jerome for m.2.\ and at St. Prime and St ludicien lor $:loO per bag, and has even sold as hi'^h as ifd. Iron and molas.ses ire similarly afl'ecled. PoTa- toes, when they can be sold at all, go lor 20c. per i)ush- el, and the best batter can be bought there for loc. per pound, payable in store pay, on the encouran-incr basis of prices given above. In fact, if the soil were not so extremely rich as it is, it would not b,- po.ssible lor the people to live there without better means of communication. 18 The railway from Quebec will of course change all this and is ea-erlv looked for by the people Its id ent tm "ive^u. impetus to tl- settlement of th .neat oouatr y, which ^vill exceed ^^^y^^ing Ea^^^^^^^^^^ Vob I aiul will coaft'r advantages upon the 1 rovmce oi Qaeb'c, the importance of which few can estimate to- day. Yours truly, E. A.TANET. St. Raymond, 8th Nov., 188:1 19 SUPPLEMENTARY RETURN. To an Order of the House ok Common's, dated 14th February, 1881 ;— For Copy ol' the roi)ort oi" A. L. Light, Esquire, Engineer-iu-C'hief, of the Province of Quebec, addressed by Requofst to the (lovern- ment of Caiiadn, and rehiting- to the Railway from • Quebec to Lake t are six in number on this Division The Jdc ques Cartier and Portneuf Rivers and the outlet of Lake bt. .ioseph are spanned with iron superstructures from the him of Clarke, Pteeves .V Co.. PhaMiixville Tenn- sylvania, restmo on stone pi.^rs and almtments, the lormer bridi-e is oOOft. in length and the latter 00 and HOft. respective y. The bridges aiv all excellent struc- tuivs ot hrst-class materials and workmanship, and they have been arranged with a panel load and floor system per lineal foot, sufhcimt to carry the special traction engines which will be needed for th- eeonom- ical working of this road. BALLA.STIXG. As the greater portion of this Division pass.-i throuo-h a gravelly soil, the average quantitv has not been Re- quired to thoroughly bed the sleepers and o-ive a drv and elastic road bed. ^ ^ RAILS The tra 'k is being laid with a steel rail from th^ liarrow Company, England. It i.s of the latest pattern and of the very best material (Sandberg'sspecihcation and inspection). The fastenings are also of the most modern torm including a " flanged ilsh-plate' of great strength and elHciency. The sfeepers are laid 2ft: cen- tres clo.ser than is usual, but their eo.st not beino-o-reat in this Di.stnct, the arrangemont is both efficient"' and economical. yWITCHE-', SWITCH-FRAMES, FROGS. These are of the latest and best description, beino- of the Q. M. O. & O. Railway pattern. O.) FENCIND. The fencing is of patent barbtd steel wire, fastened to tamarao posts, set 12 ft. apart, and 3 ft. in the ground. This makes an excellent fence, specially adapted for a snowy region. STATIONS. But one has, as yet, been built, viz : at the junction with the Q. M. O. & O. Railway, which, though small, is appropriate. Other stations of suitable size are being built at Lorette, River Jacques Cartier, Saint Cathe- rine's and tSaint Raymond. liOLLIN(} STOCK. The present rolling stock in use is only sufficient for construction purposes. It consists of three locomo- tives, some 50 platform cars of the latest pattern, and 2 small passenger cars. The locomotives and platform cars are the best of their respective kinds. TELKGUAPH lilXE. The Company have closed an arrangement with the Montreal Telegraph Company for a line along their railway. The wire is being lair River, the works are not above the average. This division is being constructed in a substantial and thorough manner ; and except gradients, curva- ture and some wooden structures, will be found, when completed, to equal the Q. M. O. and 0. Riilway. 00. IiO(!ATH)N FUO.M ST. ItW.MOXD To L\KR ST. JOH^. Lake St. John lies 278 feet above the sea. An in- strumental survey made a few years ago, shews an in- tervening summit of some 2,400 feet between the St. Lawrence and the lake, which has been reduced to 1,348 feet, by carrying the line further west, via Ivivor Batiscan and lake Edward, passing through a good agricultural and finely timbered country. The above summit is 123 miles from Quebec, and with four exceptions, can be surmounted bv maximum grades of 118 feet to the mile, ascending north (or against light traffic), and of 80 feet to the mile ascend- ing south (or against heavy traffic). =^ See Apj)endix A for table of grades. These grades are not ontinuous, the summit being gradually approached froii either siil-^ by successive plateaux on an ascending scale, with slight interven- ing depressions at the river crossings. No grade ex- ceeds two miles in length, thus affording the advantage of getting up a full supply of steam betv een each, and the fact that considerable stretches of level and undida- ting grades occur between maximum grades, will great- ly facilitate the working of the road. The grades are perfeclli/ pracficable, although unusual in Canada on trunk lines, but often found in the United States and Europe, where mountain ranges, similar to the one in question, have to be crossed. They are there quite successfully w^orked and carry an enormous traffic. See Appendix B for example of steep grades. • Three of the tour exccptioii-iiiliovementionod, ocriir iiscfiuliiip; .south ; they amount to 3.8 miles collectively, .ind can tloubtless be reduce'Tby fur- ther explorations. The fourth — ascending nortli — is 132 feet to the mile for 2.5 miles, and occurs near Lorette, wliere tiie work is very heavy. To have reduced this grade to 118 feet per mile, would have doubled the quantity and trebled its cost. Tiie original alignment was here exceedinglv crooked, but was straightened at a comparatively triHing expense, and the grader) laid on a tangent throughout. Further this grade will be found ecjuivalent to the easier ones of 118 feet to the mile ; the latter being comljined with 8' cutves, which virtually increases their steepnasi. 24 TRACTION ENGINES. 111 establishing' the above grades, I advised the use of special connected traction engines, with a view to the economical working of the traffic, recommending the " Consolidation '' type for heavy, and the " Mogul " for mixed passenger and light freight traffic. The for- mer of these engines will haul as much over the steep- est grades of the Quebec and Lake ^t. John Railway, as is hauled by the ordinary eight-wheeled engine in general use over the easier grades of the Grand Trunk and Great Western Railways, i.e., over twenty loaded freight cars from Lake St. John to Quebec, and the same number returning, one-third loaded, such being about the estimated proportion of the balance of trade. The "Mogul" will haul three-fourths of such a loa ' with reasonable speed. Neither pattern will cause greater wear and tear to the road bed and track than would arise from the use of the ordinary engine, and all the structures have been planned for the same. The amount of fuel they consume is in direct propor- tion to the power exerted, but, as in this district, wood abounds, the additional expense involved will not be serious. Fuller information regarding the capacity of these engines will be found in Appendix C. k> CURVES. The minimum radius of curvature, from Quebec to Lake SL John, is tiOO feet, and this but in three in- stances, the average being far easier. For table of curvature, see Appendix D. ESTIMATE OF COST. Easing myself upon the quantities returned from the survey of the line to Lake St. John, I would estimate the cost of the road at about $23,000 per mile ; this in- cludes a limited supply of rolling stock and buildings. 25 LEXfJTII OF THE ROAD. The railway bjr the surwy, is si4 down at 179 miles. This final location will doubtless reduce this mileage, and likewise improve the ijrades. The Hri?t four miles pass over the Q. M. O. & O. liailway. Ol miles from the junction to Ht. Raymond will he opened to traffic in July next ; and 20 miles have been received by the Provincial Crovernment. CONCLUSIOX. As will be seen from Mr. TaohtVs lett^M-, the Depart- ment of Crown Lands of the Province of Quebec esti- mates that out of the 0,000,000 acres of land in the imme- diate vicinity of, and to b;? shortly opened up l)y this railway, over 3,000,000 acres a;e well adapted for settle- ment. Blocks A and B, shown on the map herewith annexed, constitute but a limited portion of this terri- tory. The total area of all lands taken up for settlement in j the Province of Quebec, is sot down in the last census at 5,700,000 acres ; and Ontario contuins only 7.000,000 or 8,000,000 acres all told. The total area of cleared land in the two Provinces of New Brunswick and Nova ^^eotia, is but about 2,800,000 acres. The railway will, undoubtfdly, develop a larg-e trade in lumber, as it runs through a lim'ly timbered district, and has its terminus in the principal lumber market of the Dominion, while the ubsiMioe of other competing roads, and of water competition, will doubtless have a beneficial effect upon its general prospects, which, viewed as a whole, may be considered to be very prom- ising. 1 have the honor to be, Hir, Your obedien. {Servant, A. L. LiaHT. QuKBEO, 9th March, 1881. 26 APPENDIX A. Quebec and Lake St. John Railway .--Abstract of Gradients from Quebec to Lake St. John. Description. 20 to 30 pe iiiiilo 30 " 40 (1 40 " 50 K 50 " 00 il 60 " 70 it 70 '« 80 (( 80 " 90 U 90 " 100 U 100 " 110 I i 110 " 118 n 118 '' 132 II Totals Asceiidiag \orth. liCustli ill Miles. 114 4-1 1-6 12 10 4-5 7-1 00 10-8 2*4 2-5 57-4 Ascending South. Longth in Miles. 51 1-8 0-3 15-9 2-0 25 7 0-0 2-5 1-3 0-0 1)4 -ti Reiiiiiiks. RECAPITULAIMOX. Ascending North ''^ '^ " youth '■'^'♦^ Luvel uuJ under 20' per iiiile *^7 ') Total 1'9'> 27 APrENDIX B. of rv EXAMPLES OF STEEP (ITi\DES AND SHARP CT'RVES. I have personally inspected m.)st of the Ibllowiiig: — 1st. The " Portland and () resting on each driving-wheel, whicli is no more than that on each driving wheel of the ordinary Ki-in. x 24-in. Ameri- can pattern passenger locomotiv, we think the track could carry such an engine without damage. Wg enclose printed accounts of the performance of similar locomotives on grade.> ranginu' from 2-; to i!8 !t. per mile. We estimate that a "Consolidation " lo omo- tive having 88,000lbs. on drivini:- wheds could haul a load of 46o gross tons of cars and lading up a lirado of 80 ft. per mile, or 27-") gross tons of cars and lading up a grade of 132 ft. per mile, exclusive ol" the resistance of curves, track and cars beinii' in u'ood condition. Very truly yours, (Signed,) BURNIIAM, PARRY, WILLIAMS & CO. A. L. Light, Esq., Engr.-in-Chief, Govt. Railways, Quebec. r 30 " CONSOLIDATION " ENGINE. This engine has four pairs of driving wheels of 4 ft* in diameter, with a Bissel or radial truck ; cylinder 20- in. X 24-in. ; weight of engine, in working order, about 100,000 lbs. ; weight on driving wheels, about 88,000 ifes. ; weight on each weeel, about 11,000 lbs. Capac- ity — can haul 465 gross tons of cars, and lading up a straight grade of 80 ft. per mile, and 275 tons of cars and lading WYto. straight grade of 132 ft. per mile. "MOGUL "ENGINE. This engine has three pairs of driving wheels of 4 ft. 6 in. in diameter with a four wheeled-truck ; cylinders 18-in. X 24-in. ; w^eight of engine, in working order, about 80,000 lbs. ; weight on driving wheels, about 66,000 lbs. ; weight on each wheel, about 11,000 lbs. Capacity — can haul about 340 gross tons of cars and lading up a straight grade of 80 ft. per mile, and about iiOO gross tons of cars and lading up a straight grade of 132 it. per mile. ^l APPENDIX 13. QuEUEO AND Lake St. John Railway.— Abstract of Curves from Quebec to Lake St. John. f • o . |5 5 oo he at Z- Radius. b •r. x: 3 20 1 r> t 1 5 76 2 )> 120 7 r^ 3 7 38 0-53 3-00 0-14 067 08 O-II 0-86 12-09 0-42 112 19.84 1-25 M9 92 1-60 7-72 GOO 700 704 800 819 noo 955 1,000 1,146 1,200 1,400 1,4.33 1,000 1,«00 1,910 2,000 268 -.30 1,32230 .57-15 25.3-30 29-20 38-00 273-24 3,072-35 lu-no 282-15 4,270-10 204-28 220-00 153-45 208-28 1.108-30 1 1 1 1 21 H 1 1 1 1 2 2 0-12 0-19 0-15 0-24 0-00 0-98 2-05 0-08 0-40 0-27 IV17 37 0-95 [ 0-17 2.050 2,200 2.292 2,5(iO 2,000 2.800 2,805 3,820 4,912 5,000 5,7,30 9,850 10,000 11,459 18-25 27 00 27-40 8-00 77-15 755-45 199-33 54-22 28-00 13-00 9-00 11-00 29-00 7-00 344 05-00 13,930-46 I recapitulation. Milcg of Curvature •'-' " Tangent ''•* Total 1'-' Curvature per mile "'''^ **'' Percentage of Curvature "'•^'' rk r.:i^.^,.W.!.yuiJi!J!lUl«|BH^^iW»^ I v\ —THE- QUEBEC & LAKE ST. JOHN RAILWAY AND BRANCH LINES. *i»rtft>** * fsTJ^TUTs flf/ies. ) •pBpBBspaBiqassseffia wmmmmmmm anme 7T Ouekc and Lake St. John Railway. RAILWAY COMPANY. OONTRAOTIN(} COMPANY. PIIJECTORS. DIHECTOKS. T. LEDIMUT, frrsul.nl. , Wm. WiTHALL. I'rrsl.h,,!. STiMON PKTKRS. rMv-/',-,.;,/- ,-'. i E. liEATDET, \' !(■.■- I'rrsiilml HON. L>. A. UOSS, J. I). I'.IMHSSEAl'. M.IM'. FRANK ItOSS, THOS. A. l'Tl)l)INiiii((irr. TT mj. IPANY. Iriil. ( Sllllllt. Miiiistor of Si'iiJitcr. M.IMV KKIM'IZ. Inst. V.E.. itrliir.