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Sciences
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1 2 3

CONFIDENTIAL,

@a f^F IBlis^l DBlPtiprfnb

THE

LORD BISHOP OF QUEBEC,

Prt'siJent of the rorporntlon of Bishop's College,
Li'.nnoxciUe.

yiY Lord :

At the meeting of the Corporation of Bishop's
College, hold oil the 10th February last, which, owing to tlie
absen'Le of your Lordship and others, was adjourned without
proceeding to business, I was pre])ared to otter a resolution
to the oftJct that the College and School ought to be sepa-
rated by the removal of the one or the other from Lennox-
villo At the adjourned meeting on the 28th March, which
I was prevented'by illno^B from attending, it was resolved,
after much discussion, to refer to a committee the question
whether tl^ existing union of the two institutions i8?nj«i"\o"^;
The committee is to report to tiie Corporation, on the 8th ot
Tnno T nrn,.n«fi t-'ikluLv advantage of this delay to place betore

inemberH uf Corporation the groujuls of my i)orfsnasioii llmt a
separation is necessary. 1 am anxious that tho-se grounds
biioutd bo tlioroughiy te.sted, and that the fullest opportunity
should be ailorded of proving my fears of d flam ter from tiio con-
tinuance of the present union groundlens, if tlioy really arc so ,
but if the reasons of my persuasion arc only too well founded
1 think it important that those who are charged with the'
^•espon.^ibility of deciding so very weighty a matter should
have the opportunity of calmly wcigljing^them beforehand.

The history of this movement for^a separation of the two
institutions is briefly as follows:

In January, 1874, the former School Building was burned
down. At the special meeting of the Corporation, lield to
provide for its rebuilding, the removal of the School from
Lonnoxville was proposed by Jlev. 1{. W. Norman, who took
the ground that the School was injured by its contact with
the College. On the other hand, your Lordship read a paper
from the pen of the Eov. Professor Tambs, not then a mem-
borof Corporation, calling attention to the great evils to
which the College was exposed by its contact with the School,
and urging that the School should be rebuilt on some other
site at some distance from the College. The removal of the
School was opposed by the Rector, by several of the local
members of Corporation, and by the present Chancellor of
the University. I think Mr. Norman's resolution would have
been carried if it had come fairly before the meeting. It
was defeated by an amendment ingeniously constructed to
catch tho votes of several who word anxious for the separa-
tion, but satisfied to rebuild in Lennoxvillc on some other
site. When the resolution to move from Lonnoxville thus
fell to the ground, those ho proposed it refused to vote for
i:emoval to another site .n Lennoxvillc, and the result was
that the School was rebuilt in the same close contact with
the College as before.

The question was then new to me. It had been brought
before me only two or three days previous to the meeting of
Corporation. Besides, my acquaintance with College mat-
ten was very limited, as I had hold my' present office but a
single term. I saw clearly enough that the College was suf-
faring, from the contact of the two institutions, but I thought
the evil might be cured by rebuilding in Lennoxville at some
considerable distance from. the College. After two years
further exjperience of the working of the two institutions,
and of anxious inquiry into tho entire subject, I um satistied
that such a separation would have done no good, 1 have
t«©u,gradu«lly ^nd unwillingly forced to the ooncluiion that

the exifciting union of the College and School in calannitous
for many and deeper reasons than I had then considered,
and that nothing iosm than their complete local and tinuucial
separation can save the College from evils under the pressure
of which it is steadily moving on to hopeless and irretriev-
able ruin.

If a separation is necessary, the burning down of the main
College building evidently affords a golden opportunity of
carrying it out, — such an opportunity as we had no right to
expect, and o§, in all human probability, will never occur
again. It is difficult to conceive crcumstances under which
the separation could be effected with so little financial loss
to either institution. What I propose is, to leave the School
in Lennoxville and to remove the College.* To many friends
of the College this proposal will be extremely distasteful. It
will seem an outrage that the College should be driven away
from its own grounds, and should be obliged to surrender its
beaatiful site to the School. We seem, however, shut up to
this. A new School building has lately been erected at a cost
of 8ome $25,000, admirably adapted lo the uses for which it
was built, but quite unsuitable ior College purposes: — much
too large to accommodate the numbers the College can reason-
ably expect ibr many years to come, ruinously expensive for
such a small establishment to keep up, and hopelessly vicious
for College discipline. Besides, while Lennoxville is one of
the very best possible places for a large public School, it is,
in my judgment, ill suited as a site for a University. A
University ought to be situated, not in a small village which
can never grow^ to bo anything more than it is, (a character-
istic which specially recommends it as the site of a public
School,) but in the neighborhood of a large and growing
town, where young men can see society on a larger scale, and
come in contact with minds animated by that greater freedom
and breadth of view which the congregation of numbers i# wont
to impart. Besides, in Lennoxville the College has utterly
iailed as an institution for the higher education of the people
of the country in which it is situated. It can indeed claim
the high honor of haviiig served as a Theological Training
College, from which have gone forth a large number of very
efficient clergymen. This is the first and ma' object for
which it was founded ; but not the only object, . ise it never

• Sherbrooke would, I think, be the best «ite for the College ; Blchmond
the next best. I might a<iil here that of course I acknoweldge that the
removal of the School from LeuDoxville would be a real •olution of th«

HitMr<iiUv

could hat© obtained a grant of public money. It was meant,
and has ahvaya profe.sscd, to bo a public institution for the
purpoiso of atioraing a University education to tho English-
speaking people of Lower Canada. But how many of them
have pro ti ted by it? How many have been attracted to it
bv the felt worth of the .superior education it had to impart?
I doubt whether one such porHon can be named. It has
hitherto ytood before the people of this country as a sectarian
institution, full of narrow ])rejudiceH, foreign in its tastes and
feelings, animated by no generous sympathy ^^ith the great
body of tho people in their struggles, and feeling no desire to
come down among them, adapt itself to their wants and win
ilxem. Whether in the past conduct of the College any just
ground has been given ibr these feelings, does not fall in
with my present purpose to discuss. But I am satisfied that
great advantage might be taken of a change of locality as a
help towards overcoming these prejudices and conciliating
the confidence and good-will of tho community.

I now proceed to set before your Lordship the considera-
tions which weigh with myself in coming to the conclusion
that the two institutions ought to bo severed.

I. And first, I urge the separation because I am satisfied
tkat the union, if it continue, will result to the College in
financial ruin.

The School has cost the College already nearly her entire
endowment. The Ibss of the whole, years ago, was only
averted by the great financial ability and untiring devotion
to the interestsof the College, of Mr. lloneker. The question
is, lias the leak been stopped, and is the small fragment of
endowment which remains to the College safe ? Th.e general
impression, I think, is that it is ; and that, better still, a small
sum is being saved every year pnd added to the capitaj. The
resuscitated professorships of mathematics and divinity are
pointed to as proofs that, after long years of economical man-
aging, the College funds have been restored to a healthy
condition. I was myself, before I was led to look carefully
into our financial condition, under this cheerful impression.

But how does the matter really stand ?

First, for the two restored Professorships wo must remem-
ber that the salaries attached to them are more than covered
by new sources of revenue, and arc in no sense whatever due
to careful managing of the College funds. They are derived
from these three now sources of revenue; — first, tho new
grant from the Marriage Licence Fund; secondly, the pro-
ceeds of Offertories after sermons in the Diocese of Quebec;
and thirdly, the gift of $iOO a year for Hve yeaist from a

gentleman of Quebec, and its equivalent collected in Mon-
treal. The rovcnuo derived froni thcMO throe Hourco^ amount-
ed in 1874 to ^2,3 14. Wo ought never to forget that tJio
revenue from the second of these three sources is precarious,
and the third wholly exceptional and temporary. It was a
donation to continue for five years, and the third year of the
live is now expiring. The College endowment, after bo many
years nursing, provides barely two-thirds of tho salary of the

Principal.

The fact of the restored professorships, tlien, has no bearing
on tho qiiestion ; and besides, when searched into is not very
reassuring.

Next, let me ask your Lordship's attention to the vital
question. Is the drain upon the College capital stopped, and
is that capital, however slowly, being built up ?

My Lord, I believe that if any man could have eflected
this great and necessary reform in our College finances, Mr.
Heneker would have done it. Mr. Heneker has dojie great
things in this direction. What led to Mr. Ileneker's taking
charge of the College finances was his discovery in 1864, that
there was an annual excess of expenditure over income
amounting to between $3,000 and $4,000 a year. That fatal
drain he stemmed, and under his superintendance the most
careful economy has been practiced. But Mr. Heneker might
just as well try to stop the flow of his own river Magog as to
stop the drain upon the College capital as long as the College
is doomed to carry the burden of tho School. From the very
nat re of the case, the thing is in itself impossible. In order
to show this, I shall be obliged to go somewhat fully into
the financial history of Bishops' College. My Lord, it is a
sad, a bitter history, and I would gladly pass it by ; but if
the Collwge is ever to emerge from the dangers which sur-
round it, that history needs to be deeply pondered by those
who now bear the burden of its financial management.

According to the College Books, on 1st January, 1860, the
fatal year when the College began to spend its capital in
providing School buildings, the College had of capital in-
vested in Debentures and Mortgages ....$61,676 37

And the Investment Account showed money in

hand awaiting investment 1,072 33

•

Making a total of invested capital .^....$62,748 70

In this, however, is included of scholarships and

prizes 6,500 00

Dadueting which, we have a net balance of invest-
ed cnpiial =... $56,248 70

The College had then all necessary hnildings, was free of
debt, owned largo quantities of wild lands, and over and
above alt this, had of invested capital available for ordinary
purposes, the above sum of $56,248.70.

Uomparo this with our present condition. According to
the College Accounts for the year 1875, presented to Corpo-
ration at its last meeting, the College now has capital in-
vested in mortgages $23,309 5^

And in bills receivable 1,786 80

Making a total of. 125,096 31

Deducting from this scholarships and prizes 10,148 22

Leaves the College a balance of invested capital of $14,918 09
To this must be julded the Iluntingvillo lot, being
a lot taken for a bad debt, and which stands in
the College Accounts at what it has cost, viz. . 1,799 11

Making a total of invested capital for ordinary

purposes amounting to* $10,747 20

It is thus seen that in 15 years the College capital actually
invested in good securities has been diminished by the sum
of $39,501.50.

•It may be proper th»t I should explain that this sum of $16,747 20
docH not represent the whole of what may be fairly conKidered College
Endowment ; what it does represent is, all that remains (1) of the revenue,
producing invegtod fiindR which the College had in January, 1860 ; (2) of
monies received ever since, which ought to have been added to those
inrestmcnti The Colleg* h'is besides, —

Halifax liinds $1,79161

Btukely lands 779 4)

$2,570 92

These lauds are sold, and the $2,570.92 bears interest.

The College farm and Daly lot $3,618 23

This produces revenue to a smill amount.

Other lands not producing revenue, valued at $2,747 07

So that our endowment which now brings us in

revenue amounts to $-?2,93G 35

And the lands which will in time bring in revenue

are valued at $2,747 07

Add Divinity Professorship Kiidowm^it Fund 520 00

Total $26,203 42

If the nofiold lands are not overvalued, and if our endowment is not
further encrciched ui>on, the College will hav.', when those jaufls are

»r\}r\

l«ATrArkttA_T\T*rv^ii/%iT\«> norvi^ol o ♦*> \»i nf J fine */-»*S;'')/5 OAO .4

This, however, is not all the loss of capital. Daring those
15 yeaiH monion woro from timo to time recjnveii hy the
College which ought to have been investoil. The following
1 have aacertaincil :
From the Halo of Stukoly lands, during the years

1861-1874 U,m 00

From the sale of Halifax lands'i^ 1,S00 00

Donations to College Endowment in 1872 and IS'^S $677 50
Proceeds of sermons in 1872 and 1873, carried to

Endowment account 1,056 65

Profit on sale ©f Cull farm "^H 00

Collected in England by liev. Principal Nicolls,
and Mr. Rawson, to replace lost College capi-
tal, (£1,000 sterling) 4,866 00

Making a total of §AMJj_A^

Add this to the loss of investments, as above, and the lo.^s
amounts to $49,919.65.

Tuere must have been more money received during those
15 years for Endowment ; for the report made by Mr. Hene-
ker to Corporation in 1860, acknowledges the receipt during
the four years 1864-67 alone of monies for investment
amounting to $10,246 52. Taking, however, no account of
this, it is quite certain that the School has so far cost the
College of her endowment, the sum, lacking a fraction, of
$50,000, leaving her not quite $17,000.

Now, the question is, does this drain upon the College En-
dowment still continue, or has the leak been finally stopped?
Or, still better, can we accept the assurance that we are now
steadily replacing to the credit of the College revenue-pro-
ducing capital, something, however small, year by year?
Let us look into this important question.

In June, 1864, Mr. Heneker presented a report to *'.d Cor-
poration showing, for the first time, that there was an alarm-
ing deficit in the working of the institution. Immediate and
stringent measures were taken to bring the expenditure
within the income, among which was the reduction of the
College staff in 1866, from three Professors to one. For four
years, however, very little progress in the reduction of ex-

• There may be some sliglit inaccuracy in thia amount. The baraar
informs me that the sum of $1,031.97 ha9 been received from the agent
as paymeut of principal, and $615 ait'Vlriich includes principal and Inter-
est, but in what proportions the agent did not advise him. I have ven-
tured to divide ♦his snra as above,

pon'litiiro 'vas made. Tn the spring of 186S, >rr. ifonckrr made
jinothci* ropoi't— than which nothing couhi ho moro nblo or
wise — showing that the dolicit still eontinuod at a ruinous
latu. Tho re[K>rt states that there was an actual decrease in
invcstuunts in the lour years l8(J4, lSo5, 18()(> and 1867, of
§1(1,023.73, but that tho loss of rovonuo-bearing ca]>itjil in
those years was much greater, amounting to ^20,870.25,
" the diftercnco $10,246.52 being made up of collections in.
England and Canada and land sales." The report estimates
that the lo.ss for tho year 4868 would be at tho very least,
$3,164, and calls for a special meeting of the Corporation,
to ])rovide for tho ditliculty. This admirable report did its
work oft'ectuall3\ The Corporation meeting was held, fur-
ther reductions were made, and large subscriptio.is lor a
term of voars obtained ; so that tho accounts for the yei»r
1869 show a loss of only «J47 1.06, and those of 1870" the
trifling loss of only 8140.29.

Wo have now reached the end of the year 1870, the close
of the first fatal ten years of our financial <locadence.

A cursory reading of tho accounts for the year 1871 and
the years following, wonld load one to conclude that the tide
had fairly turned, "and that a beginnir.g of restoration of
capital had been made. This conclusion a movu careful ex-
amination proves to be unfounded. The accoiints of 1871
show a protit of 81,214.73, reduced by votes of Corporation
to $816.25. The accounts for 1872 a profit of Sl,232.30.
Those sums, it must be remembered, do not represent profits
made by the institution as bearing all its own expenses, but
})rofita made while the College was helped by largo *innual
sub>^criptions from generous friends. These subscriptions
amounted in those two years alone to 82,052. This fempo:
rary help began in 1868, and came to an end with the
yea- 1872.

Well, wo have an apparent profit or saving in the years
1871 and 1872 pf 82,030.98. But what became of this protit?
It was spent with more on tho School in enlargement and
furniture. Tho ])ayments nwle out of capital for thi;^ pur-
pose in 1872 amounted to 82!!n82.

It may be said this disposition of tho money was really a
good investment, for it was use I to makt^ tho School a better
rovenueprodncing concern. Be it so. But in any case tho
C/ollego jJtft far benetitteil nothiu'j; hy it. What it sav.d as
profit it spent on the School. That mf\v in tho future turn
out a good investment. But so far it is an investment v.hich
ma I© no return. Down to the end of 1872, we find tho Col-
le'^e eaiiital which ouu^htto have be'>n funded stiU h'>in;r c^.
pcnded upon" the School.

.f*

'**.

I paps on now to the a(iconnt« of the nolaVtle 3'oar 1873.
when <h« CoHogo wn;? once moro thrown upon ifn own r«-
80urccH. In th:it year an important change WiK made in th«
linancial manaj^oment of the School, which it was hoped
would be attended by very beneficial results to both School
and College. The Rector took upcn himself the entire flnan-
ciul responsibility of the Schpol, agreeing to pay the College
as rent for the buildings and fiirniture $2,250 a year. This
arrangement proved unsatisfactory, and was thrown up by
the lieotor after u two ye.-.rs' trial.

Well, the accounts for 1873 show a proiit of $60U.5C , but
this year again I lind an .tlay of capital on the School
Building of $2,409.79. T ' year again we have invested
our protit and $1,800 more .n the School Building. It may
be a good investment, but so far it is only outlav.

In January, 1874, the School Building was Sornt down ;
nevertheless the accounts for that year still slww a profit of
$609.46.

Ti*e accounts for 1875 also exhibit a profit on the :7 ;n of
$858.70. The profit for the two years 1874 aud 187 ">, amount
to $1,468.16.

Over against this however, is to be set the following items
of expenditure by the College on account of che School in
those two years :

Capital expended before tue fire in 1874 $ 14 95

Rent of Morris House ,.....- 229 18

Law-suit anent do. (? say) 25 00

Rent of Gamsby House , 21 00

Rent remitted to Rector oa the score of defi jienoy

of accommodation during the period between

tearing down of old School-house and taking

possessian of new 1500 00

Books and Stationery do 86174

New Furniture for School purchased in 1875* 586 77

Expenditure of capitiii on School repairs, &c,,

in 1875 ^. 249 91

Total.... $3,488 55

Thkt is to say, in the two years, 1874 and 1876, the College
expended oh the School of its funds, which ought to have

keen invested, the sural of $;f,488 55

The profit for those two ysars was. . . ,' 1,468 13

Thus the exeessof expenditure over profit amounts to $2020 39

* TWb item ia perhapn not ptvpfviy chargeable to th« College ; nevcrth?-
lefls I feel quite certain tjiat the L'oUege wj'l in the enrt par it.

TheRC figures, My Loivl, pr^ve, I think, conclusively that
Uio oxpondituro of Collo^o capital has never yet been stopped,
notwithstanding the exhibit in the College accounts of a
profit every year for the past five years.

The profit for the years 1871, '2, '3, '4 and '5, amoanted
together to $4,117.2^. The expenditure on the Schools
Buildings and in School furniture, &c., for the four latter
years, amounted to $7,993.82. It is quite clear, therefore,
that down to the end of 1875, College funds, really bftloog-
ing to capital, (to the extent of nearly $4,000, in four years,)
which ought to have been invested so as to bring m revenue,
were still being expended on the school.

But, it may bo said, Granting all this, you have not yet
proved your case. The loss of the Colle ge Capital cannot bo
helped, you must deal with things as they are. The real
question is this. Is the School now a source of loss or of profit
to the College? It is not " the profit on the year" only
that is received from the School, it is the entire rent, i. o.
$2 250 a year. You have not yet shown that the College has
expended more than this entire sum year by year upon the
School Besides it seems obvious that if the profit on the
year amounts to only from $600 to $800, and yet the Collogo
receives for the School $2,250 a year, the College ipust be
spending on itself from $1,450 to $1,050 a year more than its
own proper income, and this difference it must be drawing
from the School. It would seem, therefore, that without the
help of the School, as things are now, the College could not
live. Would not therefore the separation of the School fro»
the College be simply ruin to the latter?

It is quite true. My Loi-d, that I have hitherto taken aceount
only of the "profit on the year," my object being to ascertain
whither the leak from the College Capital \ii\d as yet ceased.
If the expenditure exceeds the ' profit ' it is evident that the
leak still continues. .

May I remind your Lordship that the 'profit' ^s the,,
balance to the good in the account of " Accrued incomo
and expenditure?" ' Accrued income ' means the, inq^me.
which properly belongs to the year, whether more or loss has
been actually received. Your Lordahip will notice thatvtho
oft-meptioned ?325(la year forms a principal item m^tku* ,
account; hnt iha oxcemve experuiiture which I have b0On.
setting over against this Profit is not found charged in this
account; but is entered, of course, rightly, in the Real EBtato

.1 .1 n-.v.u A ^^.,v...,f Vr.in. T.r«fHuhii^ Will nftrooivo that

the Accounts for the year may thus show a profit, notwitk-
standing that four or five times as much oxpenditiire o(
Capital may be foniid in another account.

Let ua see, then, how the matter really stands with res-
pect to the Rent of $2250 a vear from the School. The
School is supposed to pay ull its own expenses, including
insurance and repairs of all kinds, and besides to pay the
Gollege OS interest on College Capital expended upon it
$2250 a year.

Let us take the same four last years which we have been
oxamining.

Eeoeipts from thb School.
In 1872, we will grant (though I think it doubt- '

fVil)4ifcat the whole of the Profit came from the

School, i, e. , $1232 30

In 1873, The School began to pay rent and paid*. 2250 00

In 1874 and 1875 together it paid $4500 00

Lees $1500 and $861 74 2361 74

2138 26

That is, it paid in all in the four years $5620 56

2. EXPENDITURK OF COLLSQS FUNDS ON THE SCHOOL.

1872 and 1873. On buildings and furniture $4491 74

1874. do before the fire 14 95

1874 and 1875- After the fire, and before the new

School Building was occupied 275 18

1875. New Furniture for School not in the accounts 586 77 ,

•' Expenditure on School Premises in the "''

accounts 249 91

Making a total of. $6618 55

Thus it appears that during those years, the School, so far
from actually paying $2250 a year to the College, actually
paid two dollars — or in other words— made no return what-
ever by way of interest for the $50,000 sunk in it ; but that
even if the School had owned the grounds and buildihgs which
it occupies, it would have been to the College, during those
four last and best years no help whatever.

It is (evident therefore that inasmuch as wo depended on
this School rent, and spent it le&s the * Profits,' wo really
expended, during the last four years, upon the School $4000
of College Capital.

But,, it may still be argued, — We are now riiaking a fresh
stattj With onr School-buildings complete and paid fbr ;— maj-j
-11 , 1 .1 i ■ • i ' 1 . 1 " t ^

.'■•■. ; . ^- ■ ■ ' ■ , \ A t \.-.\ '-■■■ Ml;

• In fi*ot the Jkuool paid runt for only half of ihi* yew, hs the arrangef.. ,
xacut with the Rector ouly began iu September 18T3.

we not reasonably expe«t that, with cure uiid prudence in
management, we shall receive the School^rent regularly for
the futuie?

In answer to thisqttOBtion.let mo invito Your Lordship to
consider whether the past chronic condition of loss to the
College from the School does not necessarily flow from theif
present connexion.

Given two institutions, independent of one another in
o^cry respect except financially, and whoso financial union
is of this simple kind that while they both draw from a
common limited purse, the one owns the purso and th«
other owns nothing, and is not the result obvioue ? Th«
one cannot j^ssibly suffer loss, for it has nothing tio lose ;
the other cannot but from time to time sufter loss, for
1o*808 wilt come, and upon its purse every loss must fall.
Then, add to this another condition : — that the institution
which has nothing to lose is large, attractive and popular,
the educational homo of the sons of the wealthy and in-
iuontial ; — the one which owns the purse, small and riot
popularly attractive ;— and add a thim condition, — that the
governing body which is entrnsted with the oar^ or the
purso, must always feel a greater admiration and revoreneo
for tho larger,— and I think there can be no doubt how thfe
matter will end. Given limited means and unlimited time,
and the end must be bankruptcy .

Now, these arc precisely the conditions of the problem
before us.

Wo require the school to pay us as rent $2,250 a year.
The C)rporaiiion has been told again and again that thd
Collego must have this rent and cannot do without it. We
2ieed that sum, wo depend upon it and wo spend it. .ff_^in
any one year it fail us, wo encroach upon our capital. For
example, it failed as in 1874; tho College lost by tho
burning of tho School $3,236.74. The playroom was burnt
a few weeks ago; that, with tho furniture which was in it,
is ft loss to tho College of some S400 or $500. Thus every
loss, niisfortuno, misativonturo which happens to tho School
falls upon this College capital and diminishes it.

Is tho Rector unpopular, or a tailuro ; does small po.x or
any other contagious disease break out ; is there a fire ;
<loo8 the School fluctuate in ninnbers? All these cases in-
volve financial loss, and that loss must of course fall upon
tho College. The lamented sudden death of Mr. Irving, the
failure of Mr. Walker, the several attacks of scarlet fever,
the burning down of the School building,—tho8e misforiunei*
all told with fatal eft'ect upon the College flnanee*.

The School furniture, beddiug, liiien, &c., j^radually (more
rapidly than in private life) wear out; and, m ordinary
wear and tear is of course allowed, must in time bo rcjdac-
ed by new at the College expense.

The School buildings, too, are continunliy roqwirinj^ land-
lord's repairs, for which it is quite certain that tho Collogo
•will pay. For example the *^chool has not j)aid one penny
on this score since the system of charginji^ an annual rent
began. Make what agreement you please with your Hectors
respecting these repairs, tho rosult will invariably be that
the College will y)ay. This oiie item alone entails a charge
ajafftinst the College, of at least one per cent; on cost of.
buildings, that is 8300 a year at the least. '

On tho other hand, the most brilliant success on the part
of the School, or tho most enormous financial prosperity
can bring the College no financial beneiiti After many
years of losset, the College can, at the very best, but receive
her $2,250 a year.

' Supposing then, the Eectors continue able and willing to
pay the present amount of rent, we shall have to place over
against it the following offsets : —

1. An annual percentage for landlord's repairs.

2. An annual percentage for the reasonable wear and (ear
of furniture, house linen &c.

3. The probability of losses by fire.

4. The probability of losses from time to time from the
varions misfortunes I have enumerated above.

5. Tho probability of not always having a manager of tho
College Finances of the same ability and untiring devotion
as Mr, Ileneker. It is, I am persuaded, due to him that the
College has not lost, long since, all bcr endowment. And
yet wo have seen that notwithstanding all Mr. Honcker's
watehfnl care,'$4000 of College eapiifal has boon within four
3'ears sunk in the School.

To nie it is perfectly clear that thoCollego if she would be
safe, ought not to Count upon or to spend one single dollar on
the score of rent or income from the School. She ought to keep
her expenses rigidly within her own ])roper income. And if
the decision of Corporation should be to continue to carry on
the School, the College ought, if any thing should come in,
in any one year, as clear profit froni_tJje.SchQol, to fund .
it against the day of liamity. .. . ■<

Then, it may bo said, tho College, if this bo so, ought at
once to reduce her own expenditure ? That, I think, is a

^. .^ .r« ,. I ■■ 1. « .rk»> ««> Ik f* Ik ivitku 1(14-0 ^"vvtl^r 4 r\r\ ^il/^nvl ir 4 m»r\*v\ 4\tj\. ^%\\j^vr^^ 4*<%j-^4 ..

and figul'es. It is her one chance of escape from bankruptcy.

Before I leave this head, My Lord, let iwe invite attention
for a moment to the bouices from which the College derived
hor endowment, of which $50,000 has been spent in this
effort to provide a first-olaus public school.

It was argued, at the meeting of Corporation in 1874, at
which the question of removing the School from Lennoxville
was discussed, that the College Endowment, sunk in the
School, was well spent and quite in the spirit of the inten-
tions of its donors.

Now that Endowment was given as follows : — / .*

The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge o!'

in 1844 and 1847 £2000 Sterling $ 9733.33

The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, in

1844 £1000 Sterling 4866.66

Mr. Harrold's gift in 1846 to Bishop Mountain for

Church work within his diocese 24000.00

Revd. Principal Nicolls's Clergy Eeserves Com-

mutatiop, in 1853 17776.00

Miss Leeds's gift in 1847, £200 sterling 973.33

Subscriptions in England obtained by Principal
Nicolls in 1847, and Bishop Ilelmuth in 1849,

£2200 sterling 10,706.(^6

Subscriptions in England obtained in 1865,by Prin-
cipal Nicolls and Mr. Rawson £1000 sterling.. 4866 .66

Total $72,922.00

To this ought to bo added a considerable sum for the pro-
ceeds of Lands' sales ; but as I have been unable to arrive at
the amount I pass it by.

Besides the above sum of $72,922, a further sum of $10,000
was raised in Canada at the outset for Buildings, the greater
part or the whole of which wais the proceeds of the sale of
College shares. The sum of $800 was contributed in Lennox-
ville and its neighborhood for the purchase of the College
site. The whole of the College shares, or nearly the whole,
lot me remark in passing, were worked off in College tuition
long before the year 1860 ; so that this sum of $10,000 repre-
sents profit made by the College during the first fifteen gears of
her existence and invested in her own original buildings.*

•As an additional proof of the 80>md financial condition of the College
previouB to the fatal year i860, I may mention that not only was th6
College then able to pay all her own current expenses and maintaiti her
staff oijcur Profeisori (f for seren years, Frofessors of Divinity, Hebrew,
Classics and Mathematics, and, afterwards, French substituted for He-
brew) ; but for the last three years, 1857—1860, the College paid in
addition, out of her own resources (and was able to pay it) the salary of
the ilecvor of the School, $1200 a year.

«d»

However, of these latter sums I take no account in what I
nm now going to say. I will also deduct from the $72,922
the last item of £1,000 stg, collected by Dr. Nicolls and Mr.
Rawson in 1865, as it was contributed after the school debt
was incurred, and there may be some question as to the in-
tentions of its donors. But with regard to the romairjing
$68,056.00, it is quite certain that the whoio of it was given
for the sole and simple object of providing a College educa-
tion for the Clergy of this Province. The oducalion which
its donors proposed to provide was not to be confined to the
Clergy; but the object of its donors in the trust which they
created was to provide for the education of a learned Clergy
for the Church in Lower Canada for all time. If this is so,
there could scarcely be a graver breach of trust than that by
which such an endowment was diverted to the object of pro-
viding a Grammar School for the education of the sons of
well-to-do persons, drawn from all parts of Canada and the
Tjnited States. And how must our feelings of disapproval
of that diversion of funds bo intonsi/ied when we reflect that
the e^ct of the creation of the School has been, as I shall
presently show, to shut out the best of the sons of our own
church people in the Province for all time to come from the
College and from the ranks of the Clergy.

My Lord, this loss, for such it is, of $50,000 of our College
capital ought to sink deep into the heart of every member
of the Corporation of Ei.shop's College. When i recall the
thoughts, the feelings, the hopes, with which all or the
greater part of that money was consecrated to so high ftn(i
religious an object,— the' self-denial and self sacrifice for
Christ's sake which it represents; — when I think of that
devout layman, Mr. Ilarrold, so humbly and piously giving
as a most sacroot* trust to Bishop Mountain^ in whose go<lly
prudence he had such implicit confidence, that largo sum of
nearly $30,000 for the building up of the Church of his
Eedeemer in this poor Diocese, and then when I read in his
own glowing words the devout joy and thankfulness of
Bishop Mountain on receiving it and the high hopes and
holy prayers with which ho confided it to the gentlemen

whoTT he selected as the trustees of his new foundation ;

when I think of Miss Leeds, the daughter of a former cler.
gyman of this diocese, giving her £200 sterling, porhap
the savings of a lifetime of pious self-denial, to help provide
for the continuance of her father's work in the poor land in
which ho laboured : — when f think of Dr. Nicofl« with
such eimple-minded absence of all care for his own fliture
intereats, quietly, without any condition or guarantee, for

the same s<reat and worthy object, handin,^ oyer to oui
TruHtocH his «n,77() ofCominutntion, which ho hiinsclt till
then hold in trust ft)r the Church of this Province,— more
money then the entire sum of the (;olle;,'o- investments now
romainin- ;- when r think of all the self-<lonial and loy6
renroscnt'^d hy the £3000 sterlintr .c^i von to (rod through the
t\vo irreat Miss.o.uiry Societies in i)ennics and shillings and
pounds by so many pious Christians in England, and by tho
two Societies committod as a sacred trust to this College for
t he education of CTod'A Ministers in learning and true veig ion
as lon.r as the world should last ;— when I think of all this
(to say nothing of the. £2200 sterling collected from ^oor to .'
door hy Dr. NicoUs and Bishop Hellmuth) and reflect that
tu.arly the whole of it is gone for ever from those pious uses,
mv heart is filled with most oppressive goneness, and i
confess too, at times, with deep indignation.

AVe have lost, then, we have sunk in the school $50 000 of
the College endowment and a great deal more. We are
sinking more and more oveiy year: If we go on maintaining
the School, financial ruin is before us. We cannot injure our
position by finally abandoning the attempt to carry it on.
On this ground alone, if there were no other, I claim the
vote of Corporation in favour of separation.

ll But, My Lord, even if no such financial ruin hung over
us as I have argued, I should advocate separation, for 1 am
satisfied that the existing union of the two Institutions is in its
vent nature, injurious to both. _ . , ,

Consider for one moment what that union is. The school
is the property, the creation of the College. Having created
the school the College planted it on her own ground, m actual
contact with herself, admitted it to share with l^erself in the
use in common of certain most important things ;- and then
made it perfectly independent of all College control, placing
it under the absolute government of its own head ho that
what you have is this, -not two departments of one body
under common rule, but two Institutions, upon the same
<rround, in actual daily contact in so many ways and shariag
?n common the use of such important things, yet absolutely
independent of one another, each with its supreme head in
no sense or way responsible to the other. ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^^

The union of the two institntions, it is cowiess^^ -Jw .-.-
sides, never has worke.l well. Bm t maintain it never can
work well, and that it must goon working wor.e -'^y^^;;^^;;^^
The difficulty j'S rreated by their contact. |)y the difference

of their .^ork, and by the fact of the financial dependence
of the .School upon the College. The Junior Inntitution,
while it is in the posi.. .n it now holds, — as independent of
the Senior in its internal management and yet possessing no-
thing of its own, but indebted to the Senior for whatever it
uses, — must always fed some humiliation, irritation and re-
sentment at this position. And these feelings must ever be in-
tensified by its sense of its greater importance as the larger
institution in point of numbers, f.nd as the educatoi' of the
sons of the wealthy and ruling classes of the country This
sense of its greater ])raetical importance spreads throughout
the entire institution, the teaching staff", the boys, oven to
the school servants. And this produces naturally, and from
the force of the position itself, in all connected with the
school, a feeling of alienation from the College, and a genso
of separation of interests. The school feels no interest in the
prosperity and progress of the College, and does not help to
t)uil(i it up. Let me ask your lordship to inquire what the
boysof liishop's College School have ever done for the Col-
lege, or what interest in it they feel or ever express. These
things, I repeat, are not to be Laid to the blame of any one
hero ; they result naturally and necessarily from the position
and the relations of the two institutions.

Then, over and above this, the contact of the two institu-
tions brings in the danger of positive bad feeling arising
botwaen thv^ni, an<l even of an outbreak of violence. Wo
have, it, is true, long been free from anything of the sort.
The very necessity of living together is the best security
))orhaps against this danger. Jlowever as human nature is,
ihc danger is always there.

And then consider, my Lord, how all this acts upon the
College and what feelings it tends to nourish there. Will
not, must not, the continual assertion of its superior impor-
tance on the pnrt of the School, and the continual recogni-
tion of that superiority on the part of everybody connected
with the College and of everybody else, have a depressing
etfe<'t upon the students ? If so, must not this state of things
tend to keep men fi'om coming to the College ? So that the
union of the two has the effect both of cutting off' from the
CoUij;^* all hope of getting the be.st Iwys of the country to
educate (who will always, wo must hope, go to the School,
and if so will not come to the College) and also the effect
of diminishing the numl^or of Students from hH other
sources. That tlii-^ is no imaginary danger, tlte mass dp
testimony in the np))e'ndi?; will abundantly prove, The
iuj'uy to t)»«,* College of this atute ol thinija ia 90 great thftt

hy itself it oMfrH to prevail with the Corporation toieparflte

'urulrpo;;' more and I havo done. It U a c^.Klon.
tion Avhicb f bolievo to bo of the very gravcHt importance to
the future of the Ciiiu-cU in tins country. , • „

'IMu eormexion r,f the two Institutions or ;-"thcrihe.r con-
la,.,, i, contessod on all hands to navo had thip effect, it has

ade the School cease to be a feeder to ^j^f^^^^^'S^'J^^l
.ense of its own ^^reater importance^ and of th«/ompar«tiTe
insii^nificanco of the College has hither o ."^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^f^
to be looked down npon rather ^l^'"^" Jo^^^^^^l^^^.^y, ^' ^^^'
of the upper School. And it must con inue to haNO this
tendencn^^o long as the School continues to n^^>"ta'" ^^^^ •;^:
vantajjc'it has in the ovcrwhelmm-ly greater numbers of the
b ys Snd n the deference which is paid them as being the 8ons
of^ he wealthy classes, who will themselves soon be the

weaUhy and tlie leading "^^V ?^^ 'Tn iVwo i ItS^^^^
which must ever be paid to the larger of the two institutions.
As we m s hope thlt the School will in^fove every year
and become mo^ . and more the great English public School ot
Ix)wer Canada (and this is what I, lor one and Jo doubt ve
all, hope and look forwanl, with pride and confidence that
it will more and more become.) I say the more it fulfils oi i
hopes aTexpectations, the less reasonable exjef ^
thereof its ever becoming a feeder of the College. Ihat
necessary care! caution and watchfulness which must ever
b Tede^d aTd i ver be exercised to P-v-t posi ive ^^^^^^^^^^^
hfttwPAn the two— that necessary drawing of strict lines ana

of school boy life will be one of alienation from the
ColWe course and the College life. And, then, there i8
bellSf: t^mt consideration whfch was so sti^ngly urged here
by Mr. Norman when advoca ing early ^" /^f,\Vat ifwas ver^^
tiio Sf'hool from liennoxville. He argued that it^was very
undesimble haTa youth should spend the whole of his yearj
of Sv at sXol and at College in the same place. He urged
ot 8tmt> atr>c^no I ^^^^.^^^^^e to the boy of a change of

with grcuL xurv. ;^';^ :-':"-„ ^^ijj,n^e of outward circums-
ar'pup }i ehan""© oi society, »i cium-,^ ... j i? • *«i
scene, a ( imii„«. ^ i„t„]|pr.timl comnan onship and of intel-

The iotellectual impulse which ia cfnlned by a 3'onng man
JVora findinij himsolfin a now worlcl, where all around him
haa the froshneas of novelty, where the miruls ho meets with
do not all run in the same groove as the mindpi of those with
whom he has boon living as a boy but look at things from a
Momewhat diflerent point of view, — this intolleetunl impulse
must be acknowledged to l)c, at that period of a youth's life, of
incalculable importance. And what l\)llows from this? Why
plainly that it is not even to be desired, if we consult the best
interests of the boys, that the school should bo a feeder of
the College.

Jiut now consider the practical eft'ect of this in one most
important direction, — 1 moan upon tl;o future " ^ply of
Clergy for Lower Canada. Whence is that supply to Oe deriv-
ed ? Not from the School - that source is cut off.
The boys who are educated in Bishops' College School
will not choose the clerical calling. If the inevitable result
of their continual contact Avith the College is to lead them to
look on it slightingly and with depreciation, that will bo a
depreciation of the Clergy and of the clerical calling ; and
certainly in that case, from among them the ranks of the
Clergy will not be recruited.

I beg your Lordship to inquir'^,. how^ many boys from
Bishop's College School have g(me into the Ministry of the
Church during the last fifteen j-ears? The result of this
inquiry will not be reassuring. 1 think you will find that,
though a very few have passed througli the School on
their destined way to the Ministry, yettlie religious tone
and character of the School itself, the religious influence of
the School upon the hearts and lives of its boys, and the
character and position of the School as Bi.shop's College
School, — has not won to the ranks of the Clergy one single
recruit. On the contrary 1 believe that it has had the effect
of repelling ; and that boys who would under other circum-
stances have naturally found their way into the Christian
Miaistry, have been turned from it by the unfortunate cir-
cumstances of Bishop's College School.

But in any case, — not to argue this last point farther,

it is confessed on all hands, maintained by the Principal' of
the College ana the Rector of the School, that it is vain to
expect that the School will ever be a feeder to the College.
And what mu!»t be the result of this ? Why evidently to cut
off all hopes of recruiUng the ranks of the Clergy from the
boys of the School, iint what, my Lord, does this imply ?
It implies that the future Clergy will be drawn les«i and iess
from the cultivated and eilueated clashes of the country,

f.Mm wir.c'h tho ClorL'V of our Diocose have been m largely

uMv in orcrwl o wJ can lin.l hi.u, -with none of the
"■"■' "" ""•^■\k:: a'w|-^Vct„to o hlrinfluoncing and

'^ "' rVrn't'^Z^. t'c'llt!'ut..l, the refined th.
T \ tf, y the leadeis ors'oriety suffer themselves to be m-
thoushttiil, the leaoeis "'••-'■ ',,. ,,rawn almost excla-

,l„cm-ca,a.lv,se.l '"«l'-":;'fj'^"^„iV,fso not half educated ?
^.i^-;','T, e^lJ rJrh C 'y l tteh-cr;anions, guides and

ZUIX, rro/T 51'4S-V;.ial<in« people of Lower

Canatla? religious man, but any lover

And can a.uy, 1 « U not say, le „ ,^^ ^,,„ ,, „„ t

"' '■^^.r,;^,'. Tit> •" Su,^ly to avevt this calaniity is worth
T„,.mv^™criti'cc And if the existing close relations of
almost an > sai.iiiiti. to soriouslv diminish

the two institutions "°"«"»^"'y . r'', ;'ta of our future
our hopes ofdraw.ng a ''f >*°''?,VV?"'j," ted in Bishop's

Clerg/from those hoys ™ >" "" „^" X the U" t bopoful
College Solmol and who must _dways be tie ^^^^

lr?s^:r';.^r;o taife^lv:n.age otti^is opportunity to effect
tlieir separation.

\„d now in oonclusion, My.Lo.-d,Iwish in the most
e„;!;;st terms .omsclaiman^^^

ever bhowii myself, vvlioii oce.isiou was given, tliu active
friend of the School. No one has a higher sense of it.-, im-
portance to the ]»resentaiul future wellboing of this counliy.
lfindeo<ithe School and iJollege come into i.omi)Otition,
then I must side with the College, no matter vvhut may
becomo of the School. The well being of the Church of God
in this Province, which means the highent of all interestH
of the Province ajid of all in it, for all future time, depends*
upon the character and capacity of its Clergy, and that
depends upon their training, and their training depends
upon Bishop's College.

But, My Lord, I am far from thinking this competition
to be necessary. 1 am persuaded that the two can exist and
flouriMh as almost equally bulwarks and handmaids of the
Church of Christ,— but, not united as they are. From
the existing union I am satistied that the School sufCers
as really (not as much, e. g., it cannot ])os,sibly suffer
financially, for it has nothing to lose, whereas the College
lias everything to lose but as really) as the College.
The feelings of jealousy and rivalry which are engendered
by the watchfulness against encroachments which the con-
tact of the two necessitates, cannot be healthful for either.

Then, united as the School is totheCollege, and nominally
under its influence, it must always share for evil the College
fortunes, and be injured by those unreasonable assaults of
theological odium to which theological colleges are naturally
exposed.

Besides, placed in an independent position, built upon its
own foundation instead of being a pensioner upon College
bounty ; with its own corporation, and its own head respon-
sible for the conduct of the entire establishment, and able to
regulate everything without a fear of encroaching upon the
rights of others ; and backed by men of influence and position,
and many such might be found who could be interested niost
actively in the School, but could never be interested in the
College ; under these circunistanccs the School would cxi)and
and flourish, wordd acquire a life and freedom, and vigor, and
irenial sclf-confldcnce, which it can never attain as things

arc now.

I for one am most anxious that our School should have
every opportunity of rooting itself in the soil of this coun-
try in the best possible manner, that it should grow to be a
great and powerful institution in the land, self-contained
and independent ; developing its own life on its own ground
in its own way; songht for a.s having something to give far
jiouB than i'ixn anvwhere eUe be obtained, and ever

pr<

any

more and moio generously hupported, and in time largely en-
dow«3d for itr great work. But tor all thife, or lor any part ot
thi^, in my judgment, t,cparation from theCoUege iaan indis-
ponsablo condition.

My Lord, I will add no more. In moving in this matter
and in tiuis bringing it boioro the governing body of tho
College, I biivu doiio what I bolievo to be my duty. The deci-
Bion lies with corporation. That decision will be a grave mat-
tor; great interests running on into a remote future depend
upon it. In making that decision, I pray God that every
member of Corporation may bo endued from abovo with
true wisdom and a right judgment.
Aly Lord. I remain,

Your Lordship's faithful servant,

HENRY KOE,
Professor of Divinity.

Bishop's Ccdlcgc,

Anconsion Day, 187G.