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 ON Till-: 
 
 CASE OF CANADx\, 
 
 KOR THK CONSIDERATION OP 
 
 MEMBERS OF PAELIAMENT. 
 
 " Do I discourage rebellion, mutiny, rapine, and plunder ? Yon may 
 think I do, believers, but Heaven forbid ! No : I encourage you to all these 
 laudable nndertakingi'. You shall plunder, you shall pull down the Govern- 
 ment, but you shall do this upon my authority." 
 
 Drvden's Don Sebastian, A. iii. S. 3. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 
 
 MDCCCXXXVIII. 
 
i'vmtcd liy Wn.t.iAM (.'i.iiWEBiind Son>. 
 Sfun Colli Sti««'t, 
 
HINTS, &c. 
 
 If states or statesmen ever benefited by experience, 
 or if their high station exempted tliem from the fate 
 wliich awaits the general mass of individuals, how 
 many of the pages of liistory, now teeming with in- 
 terest, would luive been barren of events : — how many 
 of the examples which have pointed morals to tlie 
 age, would have been lost to posterity ! 
 
 These reflections must have often suggested tliem- 
 selvfcs to the mind of every one; but they liave heen 
 emphatically forced ujx)n us by the perusal of the 
 papers now laid before Parliament relating to the 
 Canadas, and by the reports of civil tumult wdiich 
 have lately been received from that quarter. These 
 are but ominous presages on the commencement of a 
 new reign, and they might hai^e created some anxiety 
 in the minds of abler men than those to whom the 
 destinies of this great empire have for some time been 
 intrusted. But 
 
 " Fuuls rush in^ where angels fear to tread" — 
 
 and after having, under the specious pretext of Con- 
 stitutional Reform, for their own ends, brought this 
 
 B 2 
 
gnMt coiiiitry to the ])riiil\ of revolution, uiid ;ifter 
 liaviiiii' l)lii»lit«'(l the tiiir name A\'Iiicl! (iroat llritain 
 loui;' niainlaincd anionii' tlie nations of I'^urope, l>y ji 
 course ol' loreii;!! policy sn(;li as had n(n('r lieen 
 <i(lo]>te'l since we took a leadini;' jdace in tlie economy 
 of the ^v()rl(l, our INlinislers have now, by the same 
 base subserviency to the cause ol agitation u];icli had 
 nuirjved t heir career at honu^ most {bii;itiouslytani[>e red 
 ^vitli the salVly of tho Queen's colonial possessions, 
 and (!specially have given such eiicourjigement to the 
 malcontents in the Canadas, that the whole of that 
 province has at last broken out into open rebellion. 
 
 Tliof.e who have watched the indulgent mode in 
 which the refractory portions of the community, both 
 at home and abroad, have invariably been treated by 
 the present ]\Iinist(3rs, could liave scarcely anticipated 
 any liappy results from tlie temj)orizing ])olicy (to 
 call it by no worse name) which has marked the 
 dealiiigs of this Government with the disaffected in 
 Caufida. All kinds of low subterfuges to avoid taking 
 the i)lain and ol)vious course for enforcing obedience 
 to tlie Queen's Government might have been expected 
 from tlunn, — but no one could have been prepared for 
 the extreme baseness which has led them to compro- 
 mise tiie dignity of the Crown, and to endanger the 
 safety of its colonial possessions, in order to preserve 
 for fi brief period the sweet voices of the Radical 
 phalanx in the British Parliament. 
 
 The days of ministerial impeachment are happily 
 gone by, and breaking flies upon the wheel is said 
 
5 
 
 to be it Ibolish pastinif. Many men, howi'ver, h.ive 
 lost tlieir heads lor political charges ofji liojiter hue. 
 than those which niii^ht be brought ai>;ainst the pre- 
 sent Ministers; and in ordinary times, (to say the 
 very least of the matter), no public men could have 
 been allowed to retain their places after such repeated 
 exhibitions of their incapacity for government. 
 
 It will be sufficient for our purpose to produce a 
 few of the chief articles of impeachment whicli mii;ht 
 be exhil>ited ai^ainst them. They may be classed in 
 the folio win 2; order : — 
 
 1st. For misprision of treason in not havin<>- called 
 to severe account the avowed authors in this country 
 of treasonable correspondence with the ('anadian 
 malcontents ; and for having neglected to arrest, in 
 the province itself, those persons who had long b(3cn 
 objects of suspicion from tlie language Avhicli they 
 had held in their communications with the King's 
 representative, and who for some time ])ast had 
 notoriously l)een in preparation for active rebellion. 
 
 2nd. For having, through a misplaced confidence in 
 the professions of ]>olitical agitators, surrendered to 
 tlie Canadian Assendjly the power of tie purse, and 
 thereby deprived the Crown of one of the main sinews 
 of government; and for having at various periods 
 refused to repair the mischief Avhich had been done, 
 in defiance of the strong re[)resentation of those 
 Avhose peculiar duty it was to give advice in the 
 conjuncture. 
 
 3rd. For having encouraged the expectation that 
 
C) 
 
 the executive (Jover'nijeiit uould iiltinuitely yi«'l(l to 
 tlie popular deiimnd, tliiit the h'^islative council ot" 
 ('jinu(hi sliould lienceforth lie elected hy the province, 
 and in so far admitting oni; of the most important 
 prerogatives of the Crown to he hroughtinto question. 
 
 4tli. For having taken no steps to give confidence 
 to the loyal ])opulation of the Canadas, and to relieve 
 them from anxiety respecting tlie fate of their lives 
 and property ; and for having removed those who, as 
 governors, enjoyed the confidence of the well-dis- 
 posed colonists, and supplied their places hy indivi- 
 duals not hy any means suited to the emergency of 
 the case. 
 
 5th. For having — from a base desire to conciliate 
 the favour of the Radical party in the House of Com- 
 mons, at a time when the intentions of the Canadian 
 insurgents were but too apparent — allowed the season 
 for sending reinforcements to Canada to pass by, and 
 thereby compromised the safety of one of the most 
 valuable possessions of the Crown. 
 
 It will be proper to consider each of these charges 
 in detail ; and, as in order, we now pi'oceed to the 
 first. 
 
 It must be confessed that our Ministers have, of 
 late years, manifested a most magnanimous contempt 
 of danger at the hands of our revolutionary colonists 
 and their abettors. They seem, indeed, to have adopted 
 the advice addressed to Macbeth — 
 
 " To take no cure 
 Wlio fret?, who chafes, nor who conspirert: are." 
 
 i 
 
iVw tar hiu'k as tlir iiioiitli ot iMari'li, Ih-fl, \vr litui 
 iMr. Joscjih Hum , M.P., in activ(^ corresjiorKU^iift' 
 with Mv. iMackenzie, loiitj; known as the chief a«;i- 
 tator in the Upper Province, and lately (listini^'uished 
 as the l(.M(lt'r ')t' the insurj^ents in the attack on 
 Toronto, and thus expressing liinisclf on tint dis- 
 putes pending between the mother country and tiie 
 relVactory colony : — 
 
 •'Your triuinpliant election on the 16th, and ejec- 
 tion from the Assendjly on the 17th, must hasten 
 tluit crisis which is fast a])pro{iching in the affairs of 
 the Canadas, and which will terminate in freedom 
 and independence from the baneful domination of tlie 
 mother country, and the tyrannical conduct of a small 
 and despicable faction in the colony." 
 
 In former times a tirade of this kind would have 
 been followed by an intimation froui the Attorney- 
 Gen(u-al that such treasonable language could not 
 pass unnoticed, — that no British subject cOuld be 
 allowed, with impunity, to incite others to revolt. 
 Excepting, however, by some vapid and apologetic 
 syllables which fell from JNIr. Spring Rice, (enough, 
 and no more than enough, to show that his mind had 
 condescended to observe the symptoms in progress,) 
 no notice appears to have been taken of this nnlial- 
 lowed alliance between one of the Commons* House 
 of Parliament and a disaffected body distinctly or- 
 ganized in a distant colony ; and Ave are now reaping 
 the fruits of the seed which was then sown, and for 
 
^ 
 
 the proper cradicutioii of which no st(;ps were tli<*n 
 taken. 
 
 Tlie task of governing our transatlantic colonies 
 has at all times been one of considerable diihculty, 
 owing to the blunders which were committed by the 
 statesmen of the last century, and the heavy losses 
 and disgrace which were brought upon this country 
 by the Anu.'rican war. 
 
 The example of successful rebellion exhibited by 
 the United States has unquestionably not been lost 
 upon our colonies in that quarter of the globe ; and 
 the increased weight to the democratical influence 
 in the House of Conunons, which has been given by 
 the Reform ]3ill, has added nuiterially to the diffi- 
 culties of maintaining the authority of the Crown 
 either at home or abroad. 
 
 If agitation, indeed, had not been the watch-word 
 of the present Government ; if it had not been, like 
 the breath of their nostrils, absolutely essential to 
 their preservation — it would have been fair to make 
 great allowances for the embarrassments experienced 
 by them in their dealings with our colonial posses- 
 sions, owing to the course adopted by IMr. Hume and 
 his associates, in espousing their cause. 
 
 The colonists do not know — how should they ? — 
 that the advocates for extreme measures are but few, 
 and of little credit, in this country. They judge, by 
 the deference which is paid to their party by the 
 Ministry of the day, that they si)euk the voice of a 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
'.) 
 
 'II 
 
 try 
 
 
 powerful ImkIv in niitain ; and lioncr it is apparciit, 
 that, tlioiii^li poworlt'ss lor ^^xxl, tliest; v»>ry ii'iiorant 
 iiKMldlers in matters far l)eytiiiil their reach are capable 
 ofproduciiiii; iiicalcuhible mischief*. 
 
 In the very outset and bloom of Canadian demo- 
 cracy, we find JMr. Ilume, in conformity with his 
 cliaracter of advocatc-i^eneral of the human race, 
 advertini;" to the exclusion from the rights of JJritish 
 subjects to which the colonists were condenmed, 
 owing to the improved system, by which all virtual 
 representation in Parliament was abolislu'd, and 
 maintainini;', with some show of reason, that certain 
 of our colonies ou<i;ht now to be allowed to send mem- 
 bers to the Mouse of C(»nmu)ns. 
 
 In a letter to JMr. IT. Taylor, of Lower Ciinada. 
 dated 4th September, 18*3-3, he thus expresses him- 
 self: — " As long as the Canjulas remain under the 
 direction of the Secretary of the Colonies, my opinion 
 is that they should have representatives in the 
 British Parliament. Hut my wish would be to set 
 the Canadas and the wliole of l^ritish North America 
 free to govern themselves, as the; I nited States do, 
 by their own representatives, and to cultivate a good 
 connexion with the mother countrv for iheir nuitual 
 interest. Until that takes place, neither the Canadas 
 nor Great Dritain will derive those advantages which 
 they ought to have from a dillerent and more econo- 
 mical management of their resources." 
 
 Having taken upon himself the proniiiient duty in 
 I'onducting the general cause of agitation in the House 
 
10 
 
 of Commons, at home, it is possible that ]\Ir. Mume 
 considers himseli' equal to the char^^e of the colonial 
 business also, and that we shall hear no more from 
 Jiim of colonial representation. Less evil, however, 
 would arise from a lej^ion of delegates, " black, 
 white, and grey," who might be de})uted to re])re- 
 sent our colonial possessions, than has been ex- 
 perienced from the loud and uproarious voices 
 of those who have of late come forward in 
 Parliament as their paid agenta. It is to be 
 hoped that, taking warning by the example of 
 Canada, such colonies as may hereafter unhappily 
 embark in dispute with the mother country may 
 look for suppoit to safer guides, and that they 
 will feel, as they ought to do, that nothing but dis- 
 grace and discomfiture can arise from ji connexion 
 with aclicpie so personally contemptible as they have 
 recently linked themselves with. 
 
 Whatever may be the excuse got up by the 
 Government for their leaning towards the chiefs of 
 the Radical party at home, there can be none for 
 their culpable neglect of the necessary surveillance 
 over Mr. Papineau, the prime mover of disaffection 
 and civil tumult in the Lower Province. Careful as 
 he may have been to keep hhnself on the windy 
 side of the law, it is scarcely possible that he 
 should not have exposed himself aome time ago 
 to the penalties of treason ; and if so, he ought, 
 before the disorder came to a head, to luive been 
 secured. I^rd (Josford nnist have strangely ue- 
 
 I 
 
II 
 
 f 
 
 asro 
 
 nc- 
 
 i;lected his duty, il' ho failed to apprize the 
 authorities at home, that a considera])le importa- 
 tion of arms liad taken phice into the province, and 
 that constant drillings engaged a portion of the 
 population in tlie neighbourhood of Montreal. ^Vhy 
 were these siiiniticant warning's not listened to ? 
 Why were no ste])s taken, till too late, to avert an 
 evil of such aspect ? 
 
 The second charge which may be brought 
 against Downing-street is one in which the blame 
 does not altogether lie with the present possessors of 
 othce. The cession to the assembly of Lower Canada, 
 of the duties raised under 14 Geo. III. c. 88, a 
 sum sufficient to defray all the material charges of 
 the Civil List, was carried into effect, most im pro- 
 vidently, whilst the Earl of Ripon Avas at the head of 
 the Colonial Office. A very short time sufficed to 
 shew that the Assembly v/ere not disposed to execute 
 their part of the bargain ; and the Earl's succes- 
 sor, Mr., (now Lord) Stanley, from an early con- 
 viction of the glaring impolicy of Lord Ripon's 
 Act, brought a l^ill into Parliament for its repeal. 
 Unfortunately, however, for the cause of justice, and 
 for the due assertion of the authority of the mother 
 country over its dependency. Lord Stanley was 
 induced to abandon this Bill, and to confine him- 
 self to entrusting the whole examination of the 
 question in dispute, to a St^lert Committee of the 
 House of Connnons. 
 
 Bffore this b^Mly, as it is understood, were laid, 
 
12 
 
 Avithout reserve, all coininunications (even to the pri- 
 vate letters of the Governor,) which had been received 
 in Downing-street; and, however satisfactory may 
 have been the result, as far as showing how ground- 
 less were the grievances of which the Canadians com- 
 plained, the greatest injury was done to the cause of 
 good government, and great wrong to the Governor 
 individually, by the disclosure of his private corre- 
 spondence, and by the tacit condemnation of the mode 
 of administration which he had found it necessary to 
 adopt. 
 
 It is not our business to enter into a minute detail 
 of the steps which were taken by succeeding colonial 
 Ministers in dealing with the affairs of Canada* 
 Suffice it, that when Sir K. Peel was driven from 
 office in the spring of 1835, the administration which 
 then came in found a nobleman of considerable poli- 
 tical consequence and name already prepared to go out 
 for the purpose of settling the difference with the Cana- 
 dians, for which not very enviable task he had been 
 selected by Lord Aberdeen. Considering the urgency 
 of the case, it would not have been surprising if the 
 new Government, iii order to save time, had at once 
 adopted the scheme of their predecessors, and allowed 
 the appointment to go on upon its original looting. — 
 They di<l no such thing, however : they decided that a 
 Commission to report was preferable to a Plenipo- 
 tentiary to act, and they thus hung up for two year 
 at least tlie grievances of Canada, and for so lonj^ 
 put off all regular settlement of the sums due to the 
 
i;j 
 
 ■ -1 
 
 various civil servtiiits, wlioiu the perverse conduct 
 of the Asseinhly had reduced to a state of no ordi- 
 nary distress. After the hipse of a twelvemonth, two 
 Reports are received from the Canada Commissioners. 
 Tliey announce to the Colonial Secretary that the time 
 is now arrived when, in their opinion, it would l)e ne- 
 cessary to adopt some decisive line, (they allude more 
 particularly to the suspension of Lord lii[)on's Act,) 
 and that the course tiiken hy the Assembly on receiv- 
 ing Lord Gosford's overture, was such as to preclude 
 all expectations of an jimicable adjustment of the 
 questions in dispute. Even if this declaration had not 
 been sufficiently explicit, the reports from the pro- 
 vince, and the general tone of the communications 
 made to the Governor from the Assembly, ought to 
 have satisfied the Ministers that no possible good 
 could arise from any further attempts at negotiation. 
 With a degree, however, of amiable simplicity, 
 which would be amusing enough if the case were of 
 less importance, the guardian of our colonies, in 
 replying to these urgent representations of the Com- 
 missioners, maintains an opinion completely at variance 
 with that of the men who were sent out to afford 
 information upon which the Government was to act, 
 (or why send them out at all ?) He states his con- 
 viction that the time for such prompt measures was 
 by no means arrived ; that he should wait until the 
 Connnissioners had reported on all the points upon 
 which they were directed to inquire ; and, finally, 
 that it was not the intention of the Ministers (whatever 
 
14 
 
 1^: 
 
 inii»}it he siiid or iionc, we suppose,) to be " hurried 
 into preniJiturc dud precipitate coiielusions." Sudi 
 a strange abdication of all the functions of Govern- 
 inent re([uires no comment. So nmcli for the cor- 
 resj)onflence of 1835 and 1836. 
 
 The papers which were laid before Parliament on 
 the '23rd ultimo, and which have recently been printed 
 for circulation, are certainly the most curious Pieces 
 Justificatives that ever were exhibited by any public 
 department. These ** diftjecta membra " of official 
 dispatches are not more sinj^ular for the very im- 
 perfect notices which they give of the gradual pro- 
 cess by which a dissaffected colony may ripen into 
 rebellion, when left in the charge of unskilful or un- 
 wary statesmen — than curious for the glimpses which 
 they afford of much matter being kept back, which 
 the Government have not thought it prudent to pro- 
 duce. It is not with garbled and slipslop documents 
 of this kind, that the public of this country has 
 usually been satisfied, when events of such future 
 importance as the revolt of a large portion of our 
 Colonial possessions are to be laid before them ; and 
 it is our firm conviction that it will be one of Sir JR. 
 Peel's first duties when Parliament meets, to move 
 for a Select Committee for the purpose of ascertain- 
 mf the causes which have led to this unhappy result, 
 by an examination of those papers which have been 
 as yet only presented in the form which the Govern- 
 ment thought most advantageous for their own per- 
 sonal pur})ose. 
 
 
15 
 
 Much micjht luivo ]wcn inatt<'r of conjecture had 
 they not appeared ; but now it is (liHicult to say, after 
 a perusal of this singular correspondence, whether the 
 Colonial Minister at home, or the Colonial Governor 
 abroad, appear to most advantage. 
 
 Nothing can e(pial Lord Gosford's confidence in 
 the loyalty of the Canadians, excepting Lord Glenelg's 
 implicit laith in the Governor's statement, and it is 
 really surprising to see, in spite of all the warnings 
 which were given, the alternation of alarm and of re- 
 newed confidence which seems to have effected the 
 minds of both parties. 
 
 Thus, after two years of fancied security, the Secre- 
 tary of State all of a sudden perceives that there is 
 " something rotten in the state of Denmark," and 
 begins to suspect that these very loyal Canadians may 
 require the surveillance of a larger force than that 
 by which the Canadas were ordinarily guarded. He 
 holds out, therefore, in his letter of March 6th, to 
 the Governor, who at that time seems to have enter- 
 tained no notion of their being wanted, the probabilitt/ 
 (for it is nothing more) that two regiments may be 
 sent out as reinforcements ; but scarcely has he done 
 so, when — as if afraid of the rashness of the act which 
 he had committed, in holding out this problematical 
 ii\(\^ — lie revokes his original intention, finding, as he 
 states, that inconvenience will attend the sending 
 these two regiments ; and instead of this, he 
 despatches to the Governor a provisional order 
 for troops from Nova Scotia, having discovered (as 
 it would ap})ear, since th*; date (»f his former letter,) 
 
 ». ,. 
 
If) 
 
 that there are 2,0in) or .S,U0O men in tliat pro- 
 vince a!i<l New Brunswick, who, in case of need, 
 nii^lit be called upon U, i;ive assistance. Now 
 tlie St. Lawrenct;, as every one knows, is not 
 navigal)le (hirin«^ the winter ; — and the journey from 
 Haliiax to Queljec is considerably more than 600 
 miles ; — and for the most pjirt through a country 
 not easily traversed even in sunmier. The order, 
 therefore, upon Sir (Joiin Campbell was not quite a 
 bill at sight ; for the possibility of beneliting by it 
 must entirely depend on the season of the year when 
 the requisition might be enforced. Nevertlieless, 
 with this illusory and unsubstantial reinforcement, 
 the Government at home remain perfectly satisfied ; 
 and Lord Gostbrd, having at lirst hesitated about 
 making use of the provisional order, at last (in June) 
 avails himself of it to the extent of one regiment ; 
 but does not, until November (as announced in his 
 despatch of the 6th of that month) , when the winter 
 season had, of course, commenced, determine upon 
 calling for the further aid which, by his instructions, 
 he was entitled to look for from Halifax. 
 
 By this time, M. Papineau, by some overt acts of 
 treason, w^hich could not be misunderstoood, had 
 at last opened Lord Gosford's eyes, and is pro- 
 nounced to be bent upon mischief. The rioters 
 were in fact at this time parading the streets of 
 Montreal: but Lord Glenelg, although on the 14th 
 July he had come to the conviction, that " the time 
 when it was right to pause and deliberate had 
 passed away," does not, until the 27th of November, 
 
 
IT 
 
 accept Lord (iosford'ts ort'cr of retirement, ijor coni- 
 municiite to Sir J. Colborrie his Hppoiiitment as 
 his successor ; and it is not till the 6th ot Decend)er, 
 in spite of serious disturbances which were taking* 
 place in the province, and Lord Gosford's urgent 
 representation (dated 12th of October,) as to tlie 
 inadequacy of the law — and of the powers at the 
 disposal of the Government to put down insurrec- 
 tion — that authority is sent out to 8ir J. Colborne, 
 to proclaim martial law in the province ijnecesaary . 
 
 One fortnight after the date of this dispatch, 
 advices w^ere received in this country, of the Cana- 
 dian malcontests being already in arms, and that 
 the Queen's troops had actually been engaged with 
 the insurgents ! ! 
 
 We now proceed to the third charge on our list. 
 
 One of the worst features of the present day, in 
 the estimation of most thinking people, is the dread 
 which seems to pervade all classes of our public men 
 (almost without exception) of venturing any battle 
 for the Royal prerogative, and of urging, to the 
 reasonable extent to which it might be carried, 
 the fair claims of the Crown at a time when so 
 large an increase has been given to the demo- 
 cratic scale. 
 
 Li former times there were certain subjects \vhich 
 no public man of character presumed to moot : they 
 were considered sacred, and unfit for discussion. 
 Opinions, however, are now avowed which no one 
 would have ventured to pronmlgate a very ittw years 
 
 c 
 
is 
 
 aijjo ; there is no estiiblished j)oint of our political 
 creed which is not liable not only to be called in 
 <|uestion,but to become the vsubject of Parliamentary 
 iu((iiiry. The existence of tlie House of Lords, the 
 exj)ediency of an Established Church, Colonial Alle- 
 i^nance, are all become as familiar topics for debate, 
 as a turnpike or an inclosure bill. 
 
 In this manner we may observe how the demands 
 of the agitators in Canada have increased in pre- 
 sumption, in proportion as they found a dis})osition 
 to concede to them on this side of the water. Their 
 financial grievances were practically removed by the 
 measure which placed the Crown duties at their dis- 
 posal, but there was still a bone of contention to be 
 reserved, some darling grievance to be cherished — and 
 this has been supplied by their pertinacious clamour 
 for an Elective Council ; a demand which they have 
 urged with the more perseverance, because, instead 
 of refusing to admit the possibility of the Crown 
 conceding on this point, an equivocal answer has 
 always been given, which did not extinguish the 
 hopes of the party, though it compromised, at the 
 same time, the principle in question. 
 
 Even so lately as the last Session of Parliament, 
 Lord J. Russell's 4th Resolution declares that "it is 
 not, in tlw ea^istirtif atate of Lower Canada, expedient 
 to make the (Jpper (/handler of the Legislature an 
 elected luxly, instead of its being appointed by the 
 Crown :" and thus, in spite of all the objections 
 which have been urged and admitted against the pro- 
 
I{) 
 
 jk)s«mI rhivngc, our cautious Ministers |n?rsev«'n' in 
 this temporizing course of policy, tor fcjir of olFend- 
 ing the prejudices of some Kudical Jidlierent, or, nuiy 
 be, some subordinate associate in office. 
 
 The fourth charge is one which, mutatis niutandiSt 
 has been brought against the present Government 
 (and unfortunately witli too much justice), for the 
 system they have adopted in the government of 
 Ireland. 
 
 Having given up the power of the purse, how- 
 ever, in Canada, we are so far worse oH in our con- 
 troversy with the Assendjly of that province, than in 
 the conflict in which, thanks to agitation and all its 
 concomitant evils, we are now engaged with the lower 
 Konianists of Ireland. We have in Canada, as in the 
 sister island, a large and bigoted Popish population, 
 greatly superior to the Protestants in nund>er, but 
 inmieasurably inferior to them in enterprise and in- 
 tellitjencc. Too much scattered, and too iijnorant to 
 be aware of what is passing in the world, they are 
 satisfied to return to the Assembly the most active 
 and persevering demfigogue wJio may solicit their 
 votes ; and M. Papineau in the one ])rovince, and 
 Mr. Mackenzie in the other, have figun'd in their 
 several spheres the worthy doubles of "My. O'Connell 
 and his tail in the British Parliament. The same 
 game oi addresses, petitions, public meetings, &c., 
 has been mme round, and the same exaggerated and 
 insolent tone adopted by these })arties in all their 
 conmiunications with the jHiblic authorities ; the same 
 
 c -2 
 
20 
 
 k 
 
 
 
 hupi' and I'litilt' att«Mn|»ts exhihited by the st'ivjints 
 ol' the Crown to conciliiitc jukI satisfy a (l('ma^<>i,nu5 
 whose cue it is never to be satislnMl, and wlio would 
 sink into liis ori<j;inal nothingness it" lie were to cease 
 from b(;ini;' a prot'essionsd ai;itator. ^I'hat the i(>yal 
 population of the province! should have been disirusted 
 at the favour which Mas shown to the French ])arty, 
 to their utter nei;lect, is not surprising- ; that tli(!y 
 should have cond)ined for their own defence is still 
 less so; and in the |)resent conjuncture, such is the 
 insulliciency of the military force, that the safety of 
 the colony may be perhaps entirely due to the public 
 spirit of those whose lives and property have been 
 placed in innnediate jeopardy by the supineness or 
 culpable indifference of tlie Government at home. 
 
 It is very natural Avhen ])arty spirit runs hij>h (as it 
 does at ])resent) that the administration of the day 
 shouhl desire to place in high public situations, both 
 at home and abroad, those whose opinions on points of 
 wdiat is called general ])olicy coincide with tlieir own. 
 There should be a limit, however, to the changes 
 which a rigid adherence to this ]u*inciple wouhl of 
 course occasion ; and the tliirst for ])atronage which 
 has })roduced, by some means or other, within these 
 i'ew years, a complete change in the government of al- 
 most every colonuil possession of the Crown, ought to 
 have some bounds — esj)ecialiy where, as in the case of 
 the Canadas, able and elhcient officers, who possessed 
 the conlidence of the ])eople whom they governed, 
 have been removed to make way lor men of minor 
 
 HI 
 I 
 
2{ 
 
 •lied , 
 
 (jUJilitioutioiis. Itt'im Im' nocoiuiMiiisatioii totliosc who 
 liiive l)(3(Mi so (lisj)oss(?ss(Ml, if ji more perfect acijuaint- 
 aiice M'itli iliesi; inerils and the stress of circmnstances 
 slioiihl compel thi; (ioveriinient to call ai;aiii lor tliiur 
 services, liowever satisfactory this umvilliiii;' hinnaj^e 
 may I)e to the colonists themselves. 
 
 The last cliurge in tlie list which mi^ht ]><; broutijht 
 a«(aiiist the Government, is the heaviest of all ; and 
 one from >vhicli, we fear, the Ministers have no roynl 
 mode of escapinjij. 
 
 We have already pointed out the urgency with 
 which rejiresentations were iiiacUt to them from 
 different quarters in regiird to the insecure state of 
 the province; and wiien matters were f^one so far as 
 the drilling and parading of the insurgent force, the 
 (lovernor, however inclined to shut his eyes to tlie 
 first approaches of rebellion, coidd scarcely have 
 been ignorant of what was going on. 
 
 How then is the stranee dereliction of duty on the 
 part of (Tovernment, in not sooner sending (Jut rein- 
 forcements to Canada, to be accounted for .' It sur- 
 passes all that has or can have been rejjorted of the 
 inertness of the colonial Government in former days; 
 and the only intelligible explanation is, — one most 
 disgraceful to them ; viz., that in the face of a disso- 
 lution of Parliament, when the supj)ort of the Radical 
 jjarty was of vital importance to the existence of the 
 administration, they could not venture to offend this 
 powerful phalanx, by taking the proj>er measures for 
 curbing the excesses of their transatlautic allies. 
 
22 
 
 llt'lU-M' iVI l*ii|»iin'iui lias lu'cii ;ill(»\\t'(l to hiiiit; lo 
 maturity l»if^ treusonul)!!' [jnicticcs witlioiit cIkm'Iv oi 
 inoN'stjilioii. Ilcncctlie salotyorilit' whole colony was 
 inciiai't'd l»yiiisurn'ctioii, without uuystt'p bcirit,^ taken 
 tor iiHTtjasiiit;' the military force in the juovince, ex- 
 cept hy the hazardous exjxMlient of marching troojis 
 from Halifax throut,'h New Brunswick to Quebec. 
 
 At last, when it is too late in the season to take any 
 decisive steps, when the St. Lawrence is frozen over, 
 an<l all access to tiie C'anadas nearly impraclicahle, 
 our rulers are roused into sudden activity hy the 
 runujur ol war in the Lower Province, which reaches 
 us (tliout;h not, be it observtul, through any olhcial 
 channel), tliat the insurgents, relying upon the ad- 
 vantage wliich they would gain from taking the field 
 during the winter season, are already in motion. 
 
 We look in vain for any dispatches from the 
 (iovernor of the Province to the Colonial Secretary, 
 detailing these important events. No time, how- 
 ever, is to be lost in despatching reinforcements to 
 the scene of action ; and, regardless of the dangers 
 attending a winter navigation in that (juarter of the 
 globe, and regardless, at the same time, of the ex- 
 pense which nmst follow from the unhappy neces- 
 sity of adding to the strength of the army, which 
 recent improvident reductions have rendered doubly 
 costly and difficult, the Ministers, with an unsparing 
 hand, order out regiment after regiment; and, in 
 spite of tile vituperations of their Radical support- 
 ers, (and at no time, not even duriui,' the party con- 
 
•iM 
 
 
 IlirtM of tin; American war, which have hccii hnniiilit 
 loruanl as cxainnlos of simihir violciicu of hiriiiiiaiir 
 was such (loctriiK* as that advanced hy lAIr. licadcr 
 and Sir W. Moicswoith <;vcr uttcnMl in the 1 louse 
 of ( '(nnnions) : — in sjdte <ii" all this, the IMinisters 
 talk' hij;', and manifest a ino^t rij^ihtcous abhorrence of 
 all that savours of treason and disatfection in the 
 harangues of their KepuMican associates, ==-sim|»ly 
 because thev u'ldl know that thev Jire secure of the 
 support of the Conservative party, as they always 
 have been, wlumever, l)y any hap)»y cliance, they have 
 acted in a manner becoming British Statesmen. 
 
 It does not re(piire any very uncommon share of 
 perspicuity to foresee what will be the issue of this 
 first essay of the movement ]>arty abroad. Ashy i^ood 
 hwk the Canadas are now int*"'.; ted to the cluiroe of 
 Sir J. Colborne, one of our most distinguished military 
 connnanders, this outbreak of the democratical spirit 
 will, in all probability, soon be (piieted, and trancjuil- 
 lity be restored, at least on the news of fresh troops 
 being under orders, if not before any such intima- 
 tion can reach the Colonies ; but, Avitli this return to 
 good order, will confidence and loyalty again revive 
 in tlu^ breast of those of the inhabitants who have 
 experienced, in their persons, their pro])erty, or their 
 families, how great are the evils attendant on civil 
 war ? This can scarcely be ex}iected ; and it is 
 therefore to be feared, that the alienation of feeling 
 [)roduced by this example of unsuccessful rebellion, 
 will entail upon us the expense of nuiiiitaining a 
 
24 
 
 ?1: 
 
 I 
 
 large military force in North America, and render 
 the suhjects of Great Britain in that quarter less 
 faithful {idherents in any future struggle with the 
 Unhed States. How soon the Canadian loyalty may 
 he put to the test, it may not he easy at present to 
 i'oresee. The speech, however, of the President, re- 
 cently received, seems to indicate a soreness on the 
 delay which has attended the settlenient of the Boun- 
 dary question, and an anxiety that the controversy on 
 this point should he hrought to a close, which is 
 rather remarka])le at this peculiar conjuncture. 
 
 It is yet to be seen what are the legislative mea- 
 sures (for it is to be presumed some will be necessary) 
 Avliich the Government Avill propose by way of ren 
 dering the task of governing the Canadas more easy 
 in future. They may take away from them (nor can 
 the rebels justly complain if such a severe reckon- 
 ing be demanded) the constitution granted by the 
 act of 1791, by which the two provinces would be 
 again united. Some reform might also be introduced, 
 Avhich would give to the settlers of British blood a 
 fairer chance of admission to the Colonial Assembly; 
 or the island of Montreal with the townships might 
 be taken aAvay Jrom the Lower Province, and given 
 to the Upper. 
 
 All or any of these are plain straightforward 
 measures, whicli might be adopted with more or less 
 advantage to the cau^e of order and good government ; 
 but wdl the present Ministers not rather Hy to some 
 of tiieir usual subterfuges, and chalk out far them- 
 
 ' 
 
 J 
 
25 
 
 n 
 
 selves some course more palatable to those by whose 
 favour they have hitherto lived ? 
 
 Already we find their supporters are attempting to 
 depreciate the value of our colonies, in anticipation 
 of their escaping from our grasp, forgetful that, if 
 such were really the state of things, and that Canada, 
 for instance, had been an expensive and burdensome 
 appendage — and such were in reality the opinions 
 of our Ministers — they should have gone altogether 
 upon a different tack, and prepared the way for ami- 
 cable separation ; a course which, however impolitic 
 it might have been, and however little it might be 
 approved of, would have been at least consistent with 
 their general tone of acting. 
 
 There is a time for all things ; and colonies, like 
 other children, when arrived at a certain growth, 
 shouhl be allowed to shift for themselves, and to escape 
 from the superintendence of their nurses and guar- 
 dians. It would appear, however, that our Canadian 
 brethren are not yet ripe for self-government, or 
 powerful enough to assert their independence, and 
 that they have been premature in all ways, even to 
 their anticipations of the approaches of winter. 
 
 The experiment which was determined upon in 
 1791 (and tried too by men who possessed the under- 
 standings and feelings of statesmen) — that of giving a 
 particular constitution to a newly-acquired territory, 
 has, it must now be confessed, unfortunately failed. 
 It is easier, however, to pull down a constitution 
 than to repair it (as our present rulers have found) ; 
 
•>() 
 
 l^f 
 
 still more (iilhcuit ii> it to reconstruct one, uliicli has 
 l)et'ii lonjji; .sul»jcct to throes and convulsions, such as 
 that of tlie Caiiadas. 
 
 The chief error in the oritj^inal desii^n of ^'overn- 
 iny; the Canadas by the constitution which was 
 i»iven, seems to have hec^ii the nei;lect of all the 
 ordinary means by which a British character might 
 have been infused into the province which was hence- 
 forth to become an integral part of the British Emj)ire. 
 French law, French language, and French institu- 
 tions were allowed to prevail as heretofore, no steps 
 being taken for gradually substituting those of 
 the parent State ; and in tliose cases where it was at- 
 tempted to assimilate the two countries by analogy, as 
 in the creation of an aristocratical body, which might 
 form the third party in the State — (as the legislative 
 Council, whom it is proposed to make elective, are 
 supposed to do now,) — the scheme failed entirely, 
 because the materials were not to be found among 
 the natives of the soil. 
 
 Although, however, all w^as not done for the 
 Lower Province which Avas calculated to render it 
 an obedient and useful dependency of Great Britain, 
 it is scarcely just in the Canadians to complain of 
 these sins of omission on the part of the statesmen 
 of this country. By their connexion with Great 
 Britain, and by British ca])ital and mercantile adven- 
 ture, Canadian produce to an incalculable amount 
 lias been broutcht into circulation ; and, by the ex- 
 ample of British in(hjs1ry, wealth lias accumulated 
 
 i 
 
 S 
 
 I 
 
•27 
 
 in the ju'ovince, which vvoukl not hiive tuiuul its way 
 there bv ariv other channel. 
 
 It matters little however that Eni>lancl, as is 
 generally admitted, has never been a severe task- 
 mistress to her dependencies ; — that, in spite of 
 sundry anomalies, and many mistakes in her mode 
 of dealing with them, they have grown up under 
 her fostering care, and arrived at a pitch of pros- 
 perity which none ever reached before. It is vain 
 to urge, in proof of the strong desire of the mother 
 country to allow to her offspring a very reasonal)le 
 latitude in legislation, that the acts of the colonial 
 assemblies are considered by the executive power 
 with the caution and indulgence which their import- 
 ance denumds ; and that except in cases where their 
 provisions militate against some received principle of 
 British legislation, they are ratified and become the 
 law of the land. The ingenuity and acuteness of 
 political economists and journeymen statesmen, 
 have lately discovered that colonies are expensive 
 appendages to a nation ; and that the bond of 
 union between the mother country and her offsets, 
 is a slavish compact which ought not to be sub- 
 mitted to. It is to be hoped that a more correct 
 vieAV of the relative situation of a colony and its 
 parent state, and of the advantages which arise to 
 both from a close union of interests, will !)e taken 
 by the thinking part of the community, jjoth liere 
 and abroad ; and it might conduce to render one party 
 
•Js 
 
 ill 
 
 I 
 
 Ji 
 
 ,i(S| 
 
 ;>f 
 
 at least more contented witli its condition, il' the 
 jH'ospect lield out to tlie Canadas !)y separation from 
 Great IJritain were more clearly delineated. 
 
 Our Nortii American j)rovinces, on separating 
 Irom Great J]ritain, may either form a confederacy 
 of themselves, or they may he incor])orated in the 
 States of the Union. 
 
 In the former contingency, is it likely that our 
 ancient dependencies will escape the fate of all con- 
 federacies ? Would the inhahitants have fewer taxes 
 under M. Papineau, as their tirst President, than 
 those Avhich so lightly press upon them at present ? 
 
 Their annexation to the United States, on the 
 other hand, is an event hy no means probable ; for 
 we are mucli mistaken if it would suit the policy of 
 (ireneral Jackson's school to give additional strength 
 to the New England States by such an incorpo- 
 ration. The utmost, therefore, which they can pos- 
 sibly look to, is a feverish and troubled existence, 
 such as has befallen the revolted colonies of S])ain. 
 A gradual infusion of British population and of 
 British capital nuxy, in process of time, it is true, 
 nmch alter the case. 
 
 One of the most prejudicial effects of the acrimo- 
 nious feeliui'' which has been excited in Canada 
 against the Home Government, is the degree of 
 jealousy with which all emigrants from the mother 
 country are looked upon by the French j)arty in 
 ("anada, as weli as the companies associated ibr the 
 
 :J 
 
purpose of turniiii*" to iidvtintaot' the waste ijiiids aiul 
 timber of the province. 
 
 A tariff for (lefriiyiii<( the churges of the sick and 
 infirm emigrants who might be landed at Quel)ec, 
 was not to be ol)jected to at the time AA'hen the ra- 
 vages of tlie cliohM-a had fiHed the hosjjjtals of the 
 town, and brought an unparallekjd degree of misery 
 into the province ; l)ut every vessel which conveys 
 healthy and hard-working countrymen to tliose sliores 
 ouglit to be hailed ])y the loyal population of Canada 
 with cordial good will, and the diffusion of wealth 
 and employment which must follow the introdut-tion 
 of British capital should render tliem desirous of 
 encouraging the companies which have been formed 
 in both provinces. 
 
 ' The country which receives the emigrant is not, 
 however, the only party which benefits by his move- 
 ments ; for, in the over-stocked state of the British 
 Islands, a safe outlet for our exuberant population is 
 of no small importance ; and let this consideration 
 have its due weight with those who underrate the 
 value of Colonies, as well as with the rising pro- 
 vinces, whose agitators are thus prematurely panting 
 for an independent condition. 
 
 Before, however, they enter on an untried state 
 of existence, and before it is too late to recede Avith 
 credit or advantage, we would implore our fellow- 
 subjects in Canada, for whom the most kindly feel- 
 ings are generally felt in this country, to pause and 
 consider on the step they have taken, and to profit 
 
:j(; 
 
 I'lH 
 
 -i 
 
 l>y lh<!()j)riiiii^ lor tol•giV('^«^ss wliich Lord (ioslord's 
 most stniij^cdy va^ue proclamation so mercitully 
 Jiolds out. For, whatever may be the detriment which 
 w(; may suffer from any diminution of our colonial 
 power, tlie loss cannot fail to be still greater on the 
 side oi' tliosci who will be deprived of the substantial 
 sujjportand protection which Great Britain holds out 
 to her colonies. 
 
 That the Canadas have at all times been peculiarly 
 favoured — Avitness the constant complaints of the 
 state of the timber-trade, and of the favour which 
 is shown to the lumber, th(! grain, and the fish- 
 eries of our North American Colonies — to the ex- 
 clusion of foreign competition l)oth at home and 
 abroad. Witness, too, the sums which have l)eerj 
 cxptMided by (ireat liritain in giving to tlie Cana- 
 dians a strongIy-(l(d'ended frontier, to preserve them 
 in future from the attacks of the United States. 
 I'hey have, in fact, now no real grievances to com- 
 plain of; and, whatever opinion may be entertained 
 of the merits of the present Ministers, they certainly 
 cannot be accused by the people of (janada of any 
 deiicieucy in the quantum of concession. 
 
 To the other neigli])ouring Colonies, althougli they 
 happily have shown no symptoms of l)eing infected 
 hy the mania of the time — we shoidd urae the neces- 
 sity of tlie utmost moderation, and circumspection in 
 the conduct of their debates, and in their dealini^s 
 with the Queen's representatives. Let the Colonial 
 Assemblies be satisfied with the power thev enjj' : 
 
 H 
 
31 
 
 with the disposal ol thoir own fiiiiiin"(;s ( whirh it is 
 quite just that they shoukl possess) ; but k't theui,ou 
 the other liand, reuieniber that the peoph) of this 
 country have heavy taxes to pay—the result of wars, 
 and other expenditure for the public cause — and 
 that the Colonies (Cannot reasonably expect to be re- 
 lieved from all contributions to the public revenue. 
 
 If, indeed, these froward children are not to he 
 reclaimed— if Great Britain is to be exposed to all 
 the expense and trouble of retaining as foreign con- 
 (juests those possessions which ought to be attached 
 to her by the ties of mutual kindness — it may become 
 a question how long a connexion so disadvantaaeous 
 to both parties can be kept up, Let those, however, 
 whose mistaken policy has brought about this unhappy 
 tendency to separation, recollect that the Crown 
 cannot atford a rej^etition of such spoliation and dis- 
 meml)erment; and that, unj)0])ular as the name of 
 Colonies may be in these days among a certain class 
 of politicians, yet neither commerce nor shipping can 
 long be maintained at a high pitch without them. 
 
LONDON: 
 
 I'BiNTKO BV William Clowes anp SuNs, 
 
 Stiimlbrd iStreel. 
 
 pri 
 his 
 
 I 
 J 
 I 
 I 
 
'^Ifx^'narie street, January, 1838. 
 
 MR. MURRAV'S I.1ST OP BOOKS. 
 
 Preparhifffor immediate publication, 
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 MEMOIRS 
 
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 WILLIAM WILBERFORCE: 
 
 BY HIS SONS, 
 ROBERT ISAAC VVILBERFORCE, M. A., 
 
 VICAR OF EAST FARLEIGII, LATE FI 
 
 BELLOW OF ORIEL COLLEGE ; 
 
 AND 
 
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 RECTOR OF RRIGHSTONE. 
 
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