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IMaps, platas, charts, ate, may ba filmad at diffffarant raductlon ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly incliidad in ona axposura ara fflimad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar, lafft to right and top to bottom, as many fframas as raquirad. Tha ffoliowing diagrams lllustrata tha method: Las cartas, planchas, tableaux, ate, pauvant Atra ffilmAs A das taux da rAduction diffffArants. Lorsqua la document est trap grand pour Atra reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est ffiimA A partir da I'angia supArieur gauche, de gauclia A droite, et de haut en bas, an pren:^nt le nombre d'imagas nAcessaira. Las (iiagrammas suivants lllustrant la mAthode. Bta lure. ] X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 J,,ii.ip,l^|IW. MMMI ■'V-T^fc „•». ■ /j^-^#*j* ■■■%f ^' '.: ■'- AN .-■-.'^ APOLOGY ," FOR ,:^ .THE C(X£.ONIAL CLERGY OF 1^^ .i-'" ' psx9X ^ntatn : SPECIALLY FOR THOSE OF LOWER AND UPPER CANADA. • (? - , ^ , V . . • BY ''^ ' SAMUEL SIMPSON WOOD, M. A. , OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, CAMBK^OE ; PRESBYTER OP THE REFORMED APOSTOLIC CHURCH ; LATE OP THE OIOCBSE OP QUEBEC, IN THE PROVINCE . - ;_ OP CANTERBURY. RECEIVE US : we Imtc wronged no man, we have corrupted no man, we ha»e defrauded no man.--«. Coa va 8. For tlie Mtitioiu ■"■,■ \mi^ .,i« #' ■ '-V - .■ J ! ,S. > )>■ ■ ■■ ■ • • « • • • • • t • • V. • • • « I : C' ' w. oil" t t /»» .^ <» * c • • , ■ • • > • « I • I t a « * • I • t ■ . • t - • , MEWCASTLi:: TRIKTED BY T. AND J. HODGSON, UKIOK STRCCT. E/'i^^u^ -"-* ■ -*M,i^itti> .^'•^^■■"f^---'''«y*. « * I p. 9. 1. 19, P. 11.1. II P. 15. 1. 9 P. 19. 1. 8 P. 25. 1. 9 P. 30. 1. P. 34. 1. '*;" "^Stw^' ^r •:'■•»■ ■• •^*'''^»^%J^>< ■f ERRATA. I P. 9. 1. 19. for 'academical' read 'Academical'; ditto p. 33. 1. 8.; make a corresponding change in the word ' establishment' p. 27. 1. 4. ; also in the words ' priest' ' orders' and ' ordination' ' christian' &c. in the various places where they occur. P. 11. 1. 18. after ' perhaps' erase comma. P. 16. 1. 9. for ' licenced' read ' licensed'. P. 19. 1. 8. after ' ubique' supply comma. P. 25. 1. 9. after ' Monseigneur' supply comma. P. 30. 1. 8. for ' enable' read ' entitle'. P. 34. 1. 5. for ' fas est ex hoste' read ' fas est et ab hoste'. « E. IValker, Printer, Newcastle. •■^%?-- i •'w%^p^ TO EVERY FRIEND OF LIBERTY AND JUSTICE; TO THOSE ESPECIALLY, WHO REf/ARD THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND WITH RESPECT AND ATTACHMENT, AS THE LEGAL ESTABLISHMENT OF THEIR COUNTRY; AND WHOSE VENERATION FOR HER CATHOLIC, APOSTOLIC, AND SPIRITUAL CHARACTER, WILL NOT SUFFER THEM TO VIEW WITH COMPLACENCY, OR INDIFFERENCE, THAT CHARACTER, IN ANY MEASURE, LIGHTLY COMPROMISED; WITH UNRESERVED FELLOWSHIP IN FEELING, ARE THE FOLLOWING PAGES INSCRIBED, BY THEIR SERVANT, THE AUTHOR. i « « *■.::•: ,j,'iiA^iL^ ^ PREMONITORY REMARKS. It seems to be generally expected, that, when any person undertakes to add to the mass of publica- tions which are continually issuing from the Press, by any contribution of his own, however small, he should produce some grounds for thus soliciting a share of public attention : and this expectation seems perfectly reasonable. For, unless a man be able in ipso limine to assign some tolerable motive for writing, all the world may think themselves very fairly excused from reading what he has writ- ten. The author of these pages has no claim or wish to be exempt from such a judgment as this. Let, then, this page, which is the ^rst, be the last to those who may think his object unimportant, or his motives insufficient, which are these : — To vindicate the character of the Colonial Epis- copal Clergy, especially of those of the Diocese of Quebec, from that, which, however it may have been intended, savours very strongly of an asper- sion cast upon them : — I* 9 To state the existence, and point out the opera- tion of an evil, affecting the honour and interests of the Church at large ; in the hope that those, who are in stations of influence and authority, may apply the requisite remedy : — To give notoriety to a Statute, which, till lately, at least, has been generally unknown, even by those who are most concerned to know it; and thus (as in duty and fairness bound), to prevent Englishmen, especially graduates of our Univer- sities, from finding themselves caught unawares, and exiled from their country. In other respects the motives of the writer are personal ; and while he regrets that there should have been necessity, or occasion, or scope for some of the following remarks, — ^he regrets still more, if the case of the Colonial Clergy be hard, and if their cause be just, that here, — ^in England — in this enlightened and liberal age, they should have found no earlier, no abler, and no other advocate. NewoasOe vpon Tyne, 81«l March, 1828. AN APOLOGY, ^^c. Among the characteristic features of tlie present age, a spirit of liberality and a spirit of innovation are, perhaps, generally considered pre-eminent And no doubt, where this liberality is genuine, and is not indifference to sound and valuable principles, or some still baser quality cloked in an honourable garb ; and where innovation originates in no narrow, selfish, or sinister feeling, but is coptroUed an4 regulated by principles of piety, prudence, justice, and be- nevolence, much practical good may be the result of their operation. Such a result, however, has not always followed. It will, perhaps, be found, that in some instances, the old paths of our fathers have been forsaken, and no better way has been opened for us to walk in. It will be seen that inclosures have been made, and that fences have been erected, without improving the beauty of the prospect to the traveller, or adding to the comfort of the inhabitant It will be seen that Innovation has sometimes urged on her fttifc*.**- * 1 *■ *iS*Vt- «K *■ *ttmt. -, ^ 1 ■nm ^ J ^ pace with strides so rapid, as to leave Liberality, her sister, immeasurably behind. And hence, it is presumed, we have to the boasted liberality of the times, the following notable EXCEPTION: 59 Geo. III. cap. 60, § 3. « And be it further enacted that from and after the passing of this Act, no person who shall have been admitted into Holy Orders, by the Bishops of Quebec, Nova Scotia, or Calcutta, or by any other Bishop or Archbishop than those of England or Ireland, shall be capable of officiating in any Church or Chapel of Eng- land or Ireland, without special permission from the Archbishop of the Province in which he proposes to officiate ; or of having, holding, or enjoying, or of being admitted to any Parsonage, or other Ecclesiastical Preferment in England or Ireland, or of act- ing as Curate therein, without the consent and approbation of the Archbishop of the Province, and also of the Bishop of the Diocese, in which any such Parsonage, or Ecclesiastical Prefer- ment, or Curacy may be situated." When we hear of a body of men, rightly and canonically ordained to the work of the ministry, by Bishops who have been consecrated by English Bishops, and ordained to exercise their ministry in countries subject to British do- minion, and in Dioceses which have been constituted por- tions of the Metropolitan Province of Canterbury ; when we hear, I say, that the members of this body are, one and all, disqualified, by an Act of the Legislature, from officiating in any Church or Chapel of England or Ireland, we naturally conclude that it is for some solemn and weighty reason. We say to ourselves *• Incapable ! — Why ?— What sort of men are these, or what have they done ?" . In searching for reasons sufficiently solemn and weighty to justify such a measure, there are two which will probably first suggest themselves to a man of right principles, and sound judgment, as good and satisfactory. , Considering that a low standard of personal character, or of literary attainments, forms the fittest ground for such disqualification, he will suppose it to be taken for granted, that many of the Colonial Clergy of Great Britain are likely to fall short, if measured by the ordinary scale of clerical requirements. Let the Diocese of India speak for herself. Nova Scotia for herself, Jamaica and Barbadoes for themselves ; it has fallen to my lot, and I am in ** private duty bound," (a phrase not unknown at Cambridge,) to speak specially in behalf of the Anglo-Canadian Church. The present state of the Church in the Canadas, espe- cially in Lower Canada, planted as she is in the midst of a Romish population, and exposed as she is and has been to the sapping and mining of the Romanists, as well as to the more open, and, I am sorry to add, more virulent assaults of certain persons among the Sectaries ; — the stale of the Church, I say, in that quarter, may well demand all the wisdom of the Serpent, as well as all the innocence of the Dove, and that wisdom and that innocence imparted and €. 6 iiutaincd by a pofver that ** will never leave lier nor tb.sake her." The accuracy of this assertion will be teen more clearly, if we enter into a brief detail of the peculiar difficulties in Xihich the Clei^ in CMioda are likely to be placed. A Clergyman in Canada oi;^ht to feel himaelf armed to counterwork, at the least, the proselyting spirit of tht Romidi Church ; and being liable sometimes, in the inter* course of Society, to fiill in with some of the Clergy of that Churchy be must be ready, if occasion should arise, to give a reason of his faith and 1k^; otherwise he may proves workman that needs to be ashamed. In other, that is, in the more recently settled parts of both Provinces, be will find, b' ides em^rants from Britain, a large native Ameri- can population, who are generally as divided in their owo riligious views, a^ they are at first ignorant of, or prejudiced agunst the Church to which he belougs. He will find an inquisitive and sagacious peo[de, not disposed to take things up- ever cause such a spirit might originate. And of this latter clause, — had it only been in due lime con-imunicated to the parties concerned, — no complaint would be made. Having examined the reasons, which have, from time to ^me, been advanced in justification of the humiliating mark that has been set upon the Colonial Clergy, and having found them utterly unsatisfactory, our thoughts are now left free to wander in quest of others. We may imagine, for instance, that some philosopher has dreamt a dream that heothen converts, episcopally ordained, were con/mg from Lake Erie, and Cape Comorln, to preach tc English cars (frightful thought!) in Mohawk and Malayalim ;— — or (still more frightful !) that some politician has seen, in a vision, a multitude of strangers, — yea, a very inundation of foreign and half-educated clergymen, sacrificing their proper 17 spheres of usefulness, their homes, their families, their chil- dren's hoptes, and their daily increasing comforts, — (as if tha« were nQ charm in the land Qf glorioiis lal^es, and mighty rivers, and stuiny isles, ^nd ** Green savannas all bright and still,'W) with the most sensible and politic scheme of appropriating to themselves some of the many vacant " Parsonages, Cura- cies, and other Ecclesiastical preferments", now become so numerouSf and so easily to be had, in this fair but thinly^ peopled realm of England ! ^1 To cha) rcterise this measure merely as one that rests upon no solid OF reasonable grounds, would be to exhibit an im- per£M:t view of i]ts nat;ure,-^to give a negative statement of it9 character ;-^tbere are positive and grave objections, which will go &r to prove it to be as much at variance with the doctrines of the Church, as it is repugnant to sound policy, and inconsistent with the plainest principles of jus- tice. Is this enfictment in its tendoicy Apostolic, and Evan- gelical? (h) Does it harmonize with the Divine com- mand given to the Apostles, ** Preach the Gospel to every creature,'* or is it not rather to that command a mere secu- lar limitation, unauthonzed, and inexpedient ? Of those who are conversant with the Scriptures it must be quite superfluous to ask, whether there is more of the o 18 spirit of the Gospel, or of the spirit of the world, to be found in this unwise and humiliating restriction ; they have only to call to mind the beautiful analogy (i) which is drawn between the Church of Christ and the human body, — and to remark the striking portraiture of the harmony, cohe- rence, and sympathy of the different parts with each other, and to notice the special regard which Is there given to the well-being of those in^.r^bers, which are in themselves the mwefeehle^ and the less honourable. Can we next concede any praise to this interdict upon the ground of its accordance with Catholic principles ? In controversy with their Romish opponents, the Reformers of our Church did not shrink from the appeal to the first ages of Christianity ; they established the framework of their Ecclesiastical Polity, upon the model of primitive usage. Does, then. Antiquity, as well as Parliament, does Ecclesi- astical Authodty, as well as Statute Law, give its sanction to this disqualification of perspns who have been " lawfully called and sent to preach and minister the Sac:^aments in the Congregation" ? In a matter purely spiritual we are surely at liberty to ask this question. Does any thing in the annals of the early Church countenance this proceeding? "Were the Orthodox Clergy of Orthodox Bishops in the three first centuries considered to possess merely a local character ? From the first alliance of Christianity with temporal power, to the downfall of the Empire, were the Clergy of the Bishops of Quebec, Nova Scotia, or Calcutta, — no, — were I i i ■ 19 the Clergy of the Bishops of Smyrna, Lyons, or Carthnge, or of any other Catholic Bishop (for the name of the "dis- trict, diocese, or place" no way affects the question), were they prohibited to officiate in the Imperial City, or within the limits of Italy ? Was the title to minister the Word and Sacraments con- ferred by Episcopal Ordination, and once received as va^' 1 ubique, ab omnibus, — was it ever so circumscribed by geo- graphical limits, and made the subject of legislative restric- tions ? — in a word, was it in the year 1819, that the Church was first caused in a manner to dissent from herself , and virtnally to invalidate her own essential principles ? Does, then, this interdict, which Antiquity refuses to sanc- tion, — does it find any thing analogous to itself among other Churches and Communions ?~or, of all religious bo- dies in England, perhaps in Europe, does this solitary and sorrowful distinction appertain to the Establishment alone, to say to her Missionaries and to the rest of her sons in the Colonial Ministry, " you may come to this land, and visit your kindred, and stay awhile, and then depart in peace ; but in this land, while you remain, you shall never preach the word of GOD"? And this schismatic interdict introduced, too, into the bosom of a Church that prays daily against SCHISM .' O, for a Ridley, or a Hooker, or for one on whom the mantle and the spirit of Ridley has descended, to speak of this thing after the measure- of its merits ! % L 90 •i Scripture disowns it, Catholicity turns her back upon it^ let us now lay it at the feet of Justice. Listen now, Orthodox Churchmen^ listen, true-hearted Englishmen I KvcXvri fitv TfSu »»i ^»ii»Ui' Who would believe it, that, in this our land of light and liberty, and in this our age of liberality^ those who have gone abroad to extend the knowledge of the Gospel and of the National Religion, are— (who I say would believe it ?) are PUNISHED? and this too, not with the loss of their temporal privileges merely,-^Ma/ would not be so remark^ able, — but with the deprivation of their spiritiuil privileges also. Nor was any warning given them before they were visited with this hardship. In altering the relations subsisting between the Parent Church and her Colonial branches, and between many individuals and their native or mother country, it would seem to be not very unfair to allow some time to elapse before the proposed measure came into operation, in order that persons, who were liable to be affected hy the change, might have opportunity to escape from its effects. But no-^not only was no •ioarning given, but the Statute, in the pleni- tude of its Justice, was made RETROSPECTIVE— thus catching in its capacious net, at one wide sweep, the whole body of the Colonial Clergy, whatever might be the date of their ordination, — the most exemplary and the least SI 11 Memplary, whether Engliahmen or not"— whether gradu- ates or not. With respect to the Canadas, besides emigrants from Britain) a large proportion of the popuktion in the new settlements conusts of Americans, many of whom are de- vout people) and though originally belon^ng to various sects of religion, yet having little of inveterate prejudice they very frequently conform to the Church. Almost ex- clusively by means of some of these people, who till a few years before had never seen a Book of Common Prayer, or the face of an English Clergyman, many of the new Churches (k), both large and neat, which now decorate the wilderness, have been erected. Now these people, being at first exceedingly divided in their religious sentiments, tolerant even to Latitudinarianism of each others differen- cei^ having loose, or rather no ideas of Church-member- ship, and being accustomed in the nem settlements of their own country to regard their places of worship as a common field, for all sorts of preachers to set forth all sorts of doc- trineB,^-^<)bject to the system of the Church, because she re- serves her places of worship exclusively for the ministrations of those who have received Episcopal ordination. Habitu- ated to liberal usages, they cannot at once comprehend that our practice is essential to the effectual exercise of Episcopal superintendence, to the preseiTation of the order and unity, if not of the existence of the Church ; they require to be convinced that it does not arise from jealousy, a t S3 I, ! 'k selfishness, or intolerance, — not frokn a wish to disparage or injure others, but from a wish to keep ourselves from harm. But how boundless would be their astonishment, and how utterly hopeless the attempt to satisfy them, were they to learn that those very ministers whom the Church of England sends to preach the gospel and administer her ordi- nances among them, are in England itself, should they visit it, at once suspended from the exercise of their functions ! Might not some one of the more ill-disposed and un- worthy among these people, upon coming to the knowledge of such a fact, accost a Missionary from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, or other Colonial Clergyman, in terms like these ? — ** Ah, we have found you out, we have found you out I You came here to us to instruct us in religion, according to the doctrines of the Church of Eng- land, professing yourselves to be ministers of that Church, which you know is so far from being the case, that though there are 13,000 Churches and Chapels in England and Ireland, if you were in the old country (l) at this moment, here is not one of all these Churches and Chapels in which you would be suffered to open your lips as a Minister." Now we say^ is it generous, or is it just, that those, who bear the banner of the Cross and of the Church of Eng- land, should be exposed to a taunt like this? In common fairness ought they not to be furnished with a suitable re- ply to such a taunt, by those who profess to be the advocates of the interdict ? ■ 23 Shall, then, a Clergyman, in such a case, reply, ** It is true that an Act of Parliament will not suffer mc to coll myself, in the ordinary meaning of the term, a Clergyman of the Church of England. And this I cannot help. Be- sides this concerns me, my friend, and not you. With respect to you, I am still what I was before, a Presbyter of the Apostolic Church of Christ, which is OLDER than Acts of Parliament." There is another anomalous circumstance connected with this Statute, and that is the distinction which is made between those ordained for the Colonies, and those ordained in them, to the prejudice of the latter. Of those ordained for the Colonies* it is no ivhere said, that they shall be incapable of officiating in any Church or Chapel of Eng- land or Ireland, it is so said of those who are admitted into Holy Orders by Colonial Bishops. Hence shall Massa- wippi, son of Eanontarawen, of Mohawk race, — Latapatta, nephew of the prime minister of king Radama, of Mada- gascar, — Moodewhoah, son of Whunghee Kannibalato, the New Zealand chief, — having been sent to England for education, and there ordained for his Majesty's foreign possessions, be capable of officiating in the national Church of England and Ireland. Not so, under almost similar circumstances, the natives of the soil — men of christian parentage — Englishmen bred and born; — not so Edward Oswald, whose name proclaims his Saxon ancestry, * See Appendix No. II. i . !1 —not so Philip Umfraville, of Norman lineage,— not so Owen Watkyn, of ancient British blood,— not so Michael O'Neil, of old Hibernian race.—" Not $o 1 why not so f Were not their names respectively enrolled at Trinity CoU lege, Cambridge, at Oriel College, Oxford, at Trinity College, Dublin, and at St. David's College ?" " Yes, they were, but then they were admitted into Holy Orders by the Bishops of Quebec, Nova Scotia, Calcutta, and Ja- maica, and therefore every desk, altar, and pulpit, in England and Ireland^ is too good for theml" Let Justice now pass on, and let Policy take up the tale. We will suppose that the Colonial Clergy,— though they may well consider this special mark of degradation, which is set upon them, to be unnecessary^ unreasonable, unme- rited, and uncanonical,-~receive it with Christian meekness, and feel on thb account no alienation of mind, where they would wish to feel nothing but respect and attachment. Suppose this to be the case ; still, is it nothing to enact a law which operates almost as a prohibition to graduates of our Universities, who might otherwise be willing to enter into the service of the Colonial Churches, and which leave? the ranks of the ministry in those Churches to be filled up almost exclusively by persons born and educated in the Colonies, where the means of education are confessedly very inferior (m) to those at home. Policy might say a good deal upon this point (n). The Romish Church in Lower Canada (thanks to the countenance of their national frv^ \ I '^.^ ^^^ rs. ^^ V. ^ \ ^ ■ ^ X \ ^ \\ N \ rN >^. ^, «v) ^ ^ ^x x g^ ^^V ft ;^^ -.-y "nn ^ i- ?^ \ 4 * V. ! ^ r^ 9" r- rv \ V v> ^ r\ rs J r-. ^. >^ ;^' f>x V ^ • « V V V ^V V V. \ I r, r, .t -> V .■\^ kx ^r M 1 : 25 faith by the French Government and people,) besides various other religious institutions, has Jour Colleges or Theological Seminaries (o). The Church of England does not yet possess one (p). The Church of Rome, if she is aware of it, will of course feel herself exceedingly obliged by this Statute. Hardly could any boon have been con- ferred more acceptable to her than this, — a boon, perhaps, not inferior in value to the grant of j£lOOO per annum, and of a seat in the Legislative Council to Monseigneui; the Bishop of the Romish Church. « Hoc Ithacus velit et magno mercentur Atrids." To all this we may add, that there are many, doubtless, who will think, that the office of an English missionary, from the Church of England, ought to be looked upon in a somewhat different light from a contpulsory expatriatiortf or at best an honourable exile. In thus standing on our defence, we have been obliged to prosecute a task in many respects ungrateful. But ive have been standing on our defence ,- and we now call on others to stand on theirs. We demand to be told what it is we have done, that, in the land of our fathers, — and no where else but in the land our fathers, — ^with respect to our spiritual character we are accounted as aliens. We call on the champions of the stigmatizing interdict, if they find them- selves able, to justify it before men in the light of GOD's WORD,— in the light of Ecclesiastical Antiquity — of 1 i! r^«I 96 justice— of generosity — of policy — of liberty — of necessity — oful of common sense. Tiic nature, tendency, and operation of the humiliating and unwise distinctions made between the Colonial Clergy and those at home, being such as have been described, who is there that will undertake to vindicate them ? Not the man of genuine liberal ideas — not the man of patriotic, and kindly feelings — not the man, who, venerating our ancient scats of learning, is ill content that the waters of the St. Lawrence, and the Ganges, or even of the Atlantic and Pacific, should burst every tie, and obliterate every sympa- thy, — and dissolve every connexion, — and annihilate every privilege, — that had been created on the borders of the Cam or the Isis: — Nor can the Protestant advocatei^ of what is called * Catholic Emancipationj* (q) with any shew of consistency, set themselves in array against that, which, without any risk of a twofold misnomer^ we may venture to designate Colonial Church Emancipation. In fine, when all^ who style themselves High Churchmen (b), shall have become so consistent y and so orthodox, as to protest against any tampering with principles that lie near to the root of Apostolical Episcopacy, — and when all who call themselves Evangelical Churchmen (r), shall have become so consistent and so orthodox, as to deprecate the imposition of undue limitations on the preaching of the Word of God, and the administration of the Sacraments: . #-~***»«4-.v ^■"''"•SS^.V* 27 Uien shall all Churchmen^ to nil future gcncnitiuns, niarvol, that a restriction of so cjuestionuble u character wns ever fastened on the free and Catholic spirit of the mighty niul magnificent Establishment of England. And so, when in this particular, good old Church j^rinciples shall again have their day, — unalloyed with narrow jealousies, — unshackled by worldly, and mistaken policy, — then, — if men shall be pronounced incapable of officiating in any Church or Chnpel of England or Ireland, — for their s/jzr//«a/ disfranchisementf other and better grounds will be sought and found, than the laying on of the hands of a MIDDLETON, — a MOUNTAIN,—- a STEWART,— or a HEBEIl. RECEIVE US: WE HAVE WRONGED NO MAN, WE HAVE CORRUPTED NO MAN, WE HAVE DEFRAUDED NO MAN. /%it. NOTES. Note to the Title Page.— The mode in which the writer has denominated himself, being imusual, may require some ex* t>lanaticn, with a view to obviate any suspicion of affectation, or of a love of singularity. The fact is, that having been admitted to Daacon's Orders in England, and to Priest's in Canada, he i« unable to find out in what precise relation he stands to the Church of England, and since " Cauri^ci certant, et adhue sub judice lis est," whether a person so circumstanced possesses any legal rights as a Presbyter of the Parent Church, or not ; in this state of uncertainty it has appeared most proper and most correct, to speak of himself in terms bearing reference to the Universal Protestant Episcopal Church. (a) p. 6. To Judoa and to Paul. — Such was the language actually held upon one occasion by an Universalist Preacher. Shocking as it is, as an open and undisguised statement of false, and wicked dogmas, it would probably be less mischievous than the more common subtle insinuations, or plausible and florid haroiigues, with which these people deceive the ear of the unwary, and harden t'ne heartj of the proiligate and vicious. (e) p. 7 . It is hy no means allowed that, &c. — From the ideas which some persons seem to entertain of the North American Colonics, we might be led to imagine, not only that they were altogether peopled with such like " companies as resorted to David at Adullam," but that England had exported to that part of the world none but the weakest and least f 30 cntorprising of her sons, taking care to retain within Iier own four seas all her men of energy anil understanding. We might be led to suppose, that a sort of literary and intellectual excise officers had been stationed at every out-port, to take the guage an*' dimensions of the mental faculties of every man who pur- posed to emigrate ; and that every man, who upon examination had not been found to possess the requisite quantum of stolidity to enable him to seek a home beyond the " big lake," was served with a writ of ne exeat regno. But that no such Gall- a/id'Spurzheim inquisition has existed; or, that the inquisi- tors have been wofully negligent or dishonest in their vocation, tlic history of the lust fitly years will plainly tell, and those, who have crossed the Atlantic, know, and in some respects too sadly know, that our American brethren, once British Colonists, have in matters of diplomacy, and international ar- rangement evinced not a whit less forethought and sagacity than ourselves ; that, if on this side of the water we are all men, on the other side of the water they are not all children; and that English intellect does not degenerate, when transplanted to the soil of America. (c) p. 7. Should Jien our man of plain, &c. — To the pre- ceding and subsequent remarks we may add, that there are other peculiar circumstances in the country T/hich demand the services of a respectable and efficient clergy. In England the deficiencies of a single clergyman may be comparatively lost among the excellencies of the many around him ; but it is not 60 on the other side of the Atlantic. There, in very many sitM- ations, the minister of religion stands alone, and is called upon, perhaps, to act in new and trying circumstances, where there is no counsel fron man but from himself alone. *' He is there seen and judged of all ; if he were incompetent or immoral, he might injure the cause of religion, and the character of the Church throughout the whole province. For, from the comparative scantiness of the population, the facilities for travellirjg, and the long journies which men are accustomed to make, the merits or demerits of any man, whether lay or clerical, which would not, in SI Yorkbhirc or Lancasliirc, be heard of five miles from his own door, in Canada might bt spoken of for fifty ; and he, who in England would be a stranger fifty miles from home, might be well known, at least by character, for five hundred miles in North America. (d) p. 10. But if it imply unfitness, &c. — A contrary opi- nion to that which is here expressed, has, it is understood, been Ijeld, in places where it ought not to have been heard ;* but let this contrary opinion be fully brought into practice, and let only such be employed in the Colonial Ministry as are actually unfit to exercise their ministry at home, and the Church in the Colonies is ruined, root and branch, as speedily and as effec- tually, as any, the most hostile to her existence and well-beinij, could desire. If higher and more solemn motives be wanting, what is become of all regard f " the comparative credit of the Church, if, while the Dissenters (as may very probably be the case) are st idin • -^Mt the best and fittest among themselves that can be foup ' v ., to go. Church politicians should dole out to the spiritual A^unts of the Colonies the meagre supplies which their opinion contemplates. (e) p. 12. Want and cold do not pass. — If either of these unwelcome ^'isitors do make good their entrance into a Canadian cottage, (some cases of loneliness and sickness e opted,) the fault must rest altogether with the inmates. The British Pro- vinces in North America, notwithstanding the draw-backs which must be felt in a newly-settled country, are, in. many respects, singularly privileged; being, happily, without civil or political disabilities, without castes, without convicts, and, above all, without any of that dtj-nUd portion of the human familv whose hard fate it is, »'. •• ' Jier crime but their colour, their ignorance, and their tit;(;..,iii is, to be the Victims of caprice and cruelty, to be doomed, a the sweat of their brow, to eat not their own, but their owner's bread, and to toil away tlseir exis- tence in hopeless bondage. We may add, that, in the Canadas, the peasant, enjoying iu * Parliamentary Debates, 1819. : i mdependence the fruits of his industry, feels his increasing family to be not an Increasing evil, but a multiplied blessing; and it has been gratifying to reflect, that the melancholy picture drawn by the hand of Bums, which, it is hoped, in any civilized and Christian country, is seldom exemplified in ail its fea- tures of aggravation, cannot there be realized in ani/ of its linea- ments. See yonder poor, o'erlabour'd wight, So abject, mean, and vile. Who begt a brother of the dutt Tm give him leave to toil ; And see his lordly ^(fotc-worm That poor petition spurn, Unmindful though a v«eping wife And helpless offspring mourn. O fortunatos nimium, tua si bona norint Agricolas ! may indeed be said of the Canadian peasantry ^s much emphasis and truth, as of any people on the i<\\-i of the globe. (f) p. 13. Who hadnot enjoyed the advantage of an Academical education. A colonial clergyman, whose worth and talents Are very highly appreciated in the sphere of his usefulness, and by all who know him, expresses himself in the following manner, in reference to this view of the subject : — " Assuredly some other security ought to have been taken against the appre- hended evasion, (by means of getting Orders from the Colonial Bishops,) of an University education, as a qualification for the ministry at home, than such an Act as that which passed the Imperial Parliament in 1819. And, even if no other mode could have been devised of effecting this object, ought there not at least to have been an exception in favour of graduates at the English Universities who may afterwards receive orders abroad? As it is, there is an interdict laid upon the most respectable, nay, the most distinguished Member of the Univer- sity, who may have been ordained* Deacon, too, at home, with * This has been since discovered not to be precisely correct as to the letter. A person situated as here described, may officiate merely as a Dea- con, but there are strong reasons why he Aould not. 33 the highest credit, — if he should have chanced to receive priest's Orders from the degrading hands of a Middlcton or a Hcbcr, — an interdict from the commonest exercise of his functions in his own country, unless he procure exemption or dispensation, tormal and express, from those who have the discretion of ex- tending such indulgence. Suppose him to be on a visit at a brother clergyman's, who, without having himself gone through an academi'.-al course, has been ordained as a literate person,— suppose this literate person on the Sunday morning to be seized with indisposition, — there is an A. M. of Oxford or Caiibridge at his house, in full Orders, of excellent character, and powerful in the pulpit — the congregation are aware of these particulars ~ he has officiated, we will suppose, as Deacon in their neigh- bourhood, before he went abroad — they assemble — the minister is sick — how happily came the visit of his guest! — but the Church is shut up — what is the meaning of this ? — Oh ! Mr. ■ must not open his lips here — he was ordained priest across the seas, in some outlandish place, among ' The Anthropophagi and men whofii heads ' Do grow beneath their shoulders.' * Well, well, we do not exactly understand the hindrance, but there is something wrong about him, that is plain ; it is \\ great pity, he was a fine man.' And so they disperse, some to go to the Meeting-house, and some to spend the Sabbath in idle gossip. ^* These and other restrictions weaken our cause. The Roman Catholic and Presbyterian Clergy (for I do not adduce the example of all the Sectaries,) are brothers every where, and feel that they have the unreserved interchange and fellowship of privileges. But if the most distinguished Bishop of the United States is in England, — ^if he is detained there a year, or more, — he cannot once perform the humblest public office in the ser- vice of his God. It is an unwise and hurtful policy to mark out and sever the Church as a legal establishment at home^ in such a way as to prejudice her connection and intercourse with other parts of the same spiritual society?" Ti^ ,S4 Those H'lio have remarked the energy and the vantage- ground, which unity, artificial and factitious though it be, pro- vides for tlie upholding of a system of error in the Church of Rome, and who are not above availing themselves of the maxim, (-■/■u^V « fas est ex hoste doceri," must regret, that among Reformed Episcopal Churches, the bonds of inter-communion are not stronger than they are ; being firmly persuaded that such a fel- lowship in spiritual things, would minister a vast accession of strength to the cause of Protestant Episcopacy, to the Protes- tant cause, and to the interests of Christianity at large. Oh, that our Jerusalem, — the Reformed Apostolic Church through- out the world,— were built more like a city that is at unity in itself! Of such a city, so built, the Church of England might well claim to be the citadel, and might have her claim allowed. The Church of England, from her prominent situation and in- fluence in the world, might, together with the perfect integrity and safety, — nay, with the augmented security of her temporal privileges, as a national establishment, — might enjoy the high and venerable distinction of being the centre of union to the other churches. But this can never be the case, while even her own natural branches are, in a manner, severed from her. Some other Episcopal Church may at length arise, to win and wear this crown. (g.) p. 15. It is only the Jirstpage, &c. It is not the Jirst page of French, Spanish, and Portuguese Colonial Episcopacy ; we must eo back two hundred years to look for that. Theirs was not an i>v ,vise policy (considering it mere/y as policy), in thus early transplanting their national religion to their Colonial pos- sessions. And had that religion been of a purer kind, and had not the civil institutions which those Colonies received been, in gome respects, not worth having, and in others abominable, it is probable, that they would, for the most part, have remained to this day united to their parent states ; or, if a separation had taken place, it would have been under very different circum- stances from those which have actually occurred. (h) p. 17. Evangelical. It is well known that this term, and 35 another ^orthodox J are frequently made use of with reference to certain modem party distinctions. All such usage of them is dis- claimed here ; not only because the writer does not wish to make the subject in hand, a question of words and of names^'but be- cause, with feelings of perfect amity to all, and of high respect to many of each party, he does not, in truth, p.ofess an adherence to either, or to any, unless to the party of those who know no party in the Church but the Church, and who love th ^ Church, because she is orthodox, and because she is evangelical. This determination, long entertained, has been confirmed by recent circumstances. For more than one Orthodox or High Church- man (so considered) has been known to vindicate the Anti- Colonial interdict, and more than one Evangelical Churchman (so held to be) to argue in its favour; and yet it would be easy to shew that the former part, at least, of the third section, in one or other of its bearings,' is at variance with the character- istic views of each of the divisions to which they profess to belong. The observation of these inconsistencies, though at first unpleasing and disappointing, leads to one good result; it draws a man away from Shibboleths to principles, — it makes him fly from parties in the Church to the Church herself — from changing men to unchanging truth. (i) p. 18. I7te beautiful analogy, &c. 1. Cor. xii. 21 — 27. " The eye cannot say unto the hand, I have no need of thee ; nor again the head to the feet, I have no need of you. Nay, much more those members of the body, which seem to be more feeble, are necessary: and those members of the body which we think to be less honourable, upon these we bestow more abundant honour ; and our uncomely parts have more abundant comeliness. For our comely parts have no need ; but God hath tempered the body together, having given more abundant ho- nour to that part which lacked : That there should be no schism in the body ; but that the members' should have the same care one for another. And whether one member suffer, all the members suffer with it ; or one member be honoured, all the members rejOice with it." 36 (k) p. 21. Neuf Churches, both large and neat. We hive licurd that it has been asserted in high places, that many of the Churches in British North America are mere logs ; that landa devoted to perpetual barrenness had been given to a clergy that did not exist, &c. Had not the writer been one among sixty- seven in the Canadas alone ; had he not often seen goodly and luxuriant crops groviring upon the Clergy Reserves, (limited as was the portion of them that came under his inspection,) had he not known families, not a few, living in comfort on the pro- duce of these lands ; were he not certain, that the churches in the wilderness are in magnitude, comfort, neatness, and in every respect except durabilitj"^, superior to many hundreds of the country churches in this island, he would have been quite at a loss to conceive, that so much hardihood of statement could be coupled with so much ignorance of facts. It is a far easier matter at once to make an assertion, than at once to disprove it ; and there are those, in whose eyes any opportunity of attacking the Established Church of this country, or any of its branches or institutions, is too precious to be let slip. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and the Colo- nial Clergy cannot, therefore, expect to escape the ordeal of rash-judging tempers, and censorious tongues, especially when statements can so easily be made with respect to trans-marine affairs, which it may take months to confute, and in the mean time the misrepresentation is doing its work upon the public mind. ([/) p. 22. The old country. The British Islands are so called, in general, by the Americans. (m) p. 24. Tlie means of education are confessedly very infe- rior. This plain fact may be stated without detracting, or seeking to detract, from the worth and usefulness of many per- sons who are circumstanced as here described, both of which are freely acknowledged, and, in reality, both are enhanced by the disadvantages under which they labour. And it would, perhaps, have been as unwise, or nearly so, to exclude them from the Ministry, as to confine the Ministry exclusively to them. The fact, however, remains unaltered. If) a? (s) p. 24. Policy might mjf a good deal upon this pointr^ Policy, not of a merely secular cluu-actcr, — but, policy, befitting a Christian and Protestant Government, — policy, that can ap- preciate the value of the moral influence, in a Colony, of a body of Clergy, respectable in numbers, character, and efficiency, and (we may add) having tiet und predilections at the seat of empire. But the highest and truest policy of a Christian State, in relation to its dependencies, is not yet sufficiently admitted or understood. <' The time is not yet arrived for a full and free acknowledgment of the truth, that the first duty of every Go- vernment is the maintenance and promotion of Christianity ; and that the true greatness, and the true stability y of every coun- try, are to be measured by the degree in which it answers the ends of its being and station in the world ; and is subservient to God's eternal purpose of the sanctification and salvation of man- kind."— -Sermon of the Bishop of Chester before the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 1827. (o) p. 25. Four Colleges, or Theological Seminaries*-^ Those of Quebec, Montreal, NicoIet,and St.Hyacinthe d'Yamas- ka ; at which, in addition to other branches of useful knowledge, the English language is taught to the young French Ecclesi- astics. The knowledge of this circumstance may minister to us useful suggestions. (p) p. 25. Tlie Church of England does not yet possess one. — A plan is now in progress for establishing a College in Upper Canada, which is to be open to all denominations of Christians, but the Principal and Professors are required to be members of the Church of England. This latter regulation is irksome to some people, who would have those offices open to all without any limitation, in which case we might not only have Socinians, Universalists, or Infidels in those situations, but some of them would be probably filled by persons from the United States, where, it is well known, that, in many instances, even the elementary books for schools are calculated to prejudice the youthful mind against the name of Britain, and against British institutions. It is, therefore, confidently hoped, that we are not yet so besotted '>r •"'•j ih " as with pseudoJiberal notions, as to become parties to our own detriment, by encouraging the last mentioned scheme. Besides, it was the good old way of our fathers, to make provision for in- struction in religion and in learning at the same time ; it is the plan of modern innovators to dissociate these things ; let not, however, the theory of the London University be experimented in Canada ; — if we are not to be permitted to enjoy both, let us have religion without learning, rather than learning without religion. (u) p. 26. What is called * Catholic Emancipation: With- out presuming to give an opinion upon this intricate question, we may, at least, be permitted to protest against the use of the misnomer, whether in its separate or conjoint form, which may well appear absurd and injurious, sanctioned though it be by the adoption of many sturdy Protestants, and perhaps even of some grave Divines, and of Critics otherwise fastidious. And, truly, we may call this — the age of misnomers; as well as — the age of liberality. (r) p. 26. High Churchmen — Evangelical Churchmen, — See Note (h). I' ^entit):< I. LIST OF BOOKS RECOMMENDED TO DIVINITY STU- DENTS IN THE DIOCESE OF QUEBEC. COMMENTARIES, &C. Mant and D'Oyly'a Commentary on the Bible. Home's Introduction to the Critical Study of the Scriptures. Gastrell's Christian Institutes. Hall's Contemplations. Gray's Key to the Old Testament. Percy's Key to the New Testament. Newton on the Prophecies. Parkhurst's Greek Lexicon. Oliver's Scripture Lexicon. EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY. Paley's Evidences. Paley's Horae Paulinae. Watson's Apology. Porteus's Evidences. Leslie's short and easy Method with the Deists. Butler's Analogy. .40 GENERAL EXPOSITION OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE. Tomlinc's Elfments of Tlteology. Seeker's Lectures. Home's two Sermons on the Trinity and the Duty of contend- ing for tlie Faith. Magec on Atonement and Sacrifice. Sumner on the Christian Faith and Character. Sumner's Apostolical Preaching. Nelson's Practice of True Devotion. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY AND THEOLOGICAL RESEARCH. Collier's Sacred Interpreter. Jenning's Jewish Antiquities. ' ' Shuckford's Connection. Prideaux's Connection. - Hale's Chronology. Mosheim's Ecclesiastical History. Southey's Book of the Church. ON THE LITURGY, ORDINANCES, ANDCHURCH GOVERNMENT. Mant's Prayer Book. Beveridge's Sermons. Shepherd on the Common Prayer. Wheatley on ditto. Reeves' Prayer Book. Nelson's Festivals and Fasts. Daubeny's Guide to the Church. Wall on Infant Baptism. Analysis of Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity. The Claims of the Church. ..:/ ON POPERY. Answer to a Narrative of a Conversion to the Tomish Faith. — Published in Canada. Daubeny's Protestant's Companion. Bishop Burgess's Tracts. 41 Tlie above list of books (more than half of which are consi- dered indispensable) was drawn up in 1824. Tlie writer is not aware whether any alterations have since been made with re- spect to it or not. The object of iiM insertion is the presump- tion which it affords, that Colonial Bishops do not recjuire from Candidates for Ordination, less than the least that is required from them at home, and are not willing that their Clergy should be less competent thrji the least competent of their brethren in England. II. 59 Geo. III. cap. 60. An Act to permit the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, and the Bishop of London, for the time being, to admit persons into Holy Orders, specially for the Colonies. [2d July, 1819.3 I," Whereas '\i is expedient that the Archbishops and Bishops of this realm should, from time to time, admit into Holy Orders persons specially destined for the Cure of souls in his Majesty's foreign possessions, although such per- sons may not be " led with the tide required by the Canon of the Church of England as are to be made Ministers : and whereas it will greatly tend to the advancement of religion within the same, that due provision shall be regularly made for a supply of persons, properly qualified to serve as Par- sons. Vicars, Curates, or Chaplains :" be it therefore enacted by the King's most excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, that from and after the passing of this Act, it shall be lawful for the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Archbishop of York, or the Bishop of London, for the time being, or any Bishop specially authorized and empowered by any or either of them, to admit into the Holy Orders of Deacon or Priest, any person whom he shall, upon examination, deem duly qualified, specially for the purpose of taking upon himself the Cure of souls, or officiating in any spiritual capacity in his Majesty's colonies or foreign possessions, and residing therein ; and that a declaration of such pur- pose, and a written engagement to perform the same, under the hand of such person, being deposited in the hands of such Archbishop, or Bishop, shall be held to be a sufficient Tide with a view to such Ordination : and that in every G 42 I ! such case it shall be distinctly stated in the Letters of Ordination of every per- son so admitted to Holy Orders, that ho I us been ordained for the Cure of souls in his Majesty's foreign possessions. 11. Provided always, nnd be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that no person so admitted into the Holy Orders of Deacon, or Priest, for the purpose of taking upon himself the Cure of souls, or officiating in any spirit* ual capacity in hie Majesty's foreign possessions, shall be capable of having, holding, or enjoying, or of being admitted to any Parsonage, Vicarage, Bene- fice, or other Ecclesiastical Promotion or Dignity whatsoever, within the United Kingdom of Great E.-^tain and Ii'elund, or of acting as Curate thci'e'n, without the previous consent and approbation, in writing, of the Bishop of the Diocese, under his hand and seal, in which any such parsonage victrage, benefice, or other ecclesiastical promotion or dignity shall be locally situated, nor without the like consent and approbation of such one of the said Archbishops, or Bishop of London, by whom, or by whose authority, such person shall have been originally ordr'.ined ; or in case of the demise or tran- slation of such Archbishop, or Bishop, of his successor in the same see : Provided, always, that no such consent and approbation shall be given by any such Archbishop, or Bishop of London, unless the party applying for the same shall first produce a testimony of his good behaviour during the time of his residence abroad, fror. the Bishop in whose Diocese he may have officiated ; or in case there be no Bishop, from U 2 Governor in Counci' of ihe Colony in whici< he may have been resident, or from his Majesty'a Principal Secretary of State for the Colonial Department. HL And be it further enacted, that from and after the passing of this Act, no person who shall have been admitted into Holy Orders by the Bishops of Quebec, Nova Scotia, or Calcutta, or by any otbT Bishop, or Archbishop, than those of England or Ireland, shall be capable of officiating in any church or chapel of England or Ireland, without special permission from the Archbishop of th? Province in which he proposes lo officiate ; or of having, holding, or enjoying, or of being admitted to any Parsonage, or other Ecclesiastical Preferment in E.'.glHnd or Ireland, or of acting as Curate there- in, without the consent and approhatior. of the Archbishop of the Province^ and also of the Bishop of the Diocese in which any such Parsonage or Ec- clesiastical Preferment or Curacy may be situated. IV. Provided, always, that no person who, after the passing of this Act. shall have been ordained Deacon, or Priest, by a Colonial Bishop, who, at the time of such ordination, did not actually possess an episcopal jurisdiction over some Diocese, District, or Place, or was not actually residing within such Division, District, or Place, shall be capable in any way, on any pretence whatever, of at any time holding any Parsonage, or other Ecclesiastical I 43 Prefennent within his Majesty's Dominions; or of being a stipendiary Cu- rate, or Chaplair or of officiating at any place, or in any manner, as a Minister of the established Church of ^'.ngland and Ireland. V. And be it further enacted, that all admissions, institutions, and induc- tions to benefices in the Ch^. ..'.-.rets:.. tsXEZ.- ^ *■«?• SI:^:: -