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Please Keep for Reference. 
 
 Facts for the People 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 ^ 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Paoe. 
 
 Australian Trade 2 
 
 Undersell the Farmer 3 
 
 Shouta of Joy 3 
 
 At the Expense of the Farmer — Schedul- 
 ing of Cattle and other handicaps. . 4 
 
 Slandering England— Govonnuont boast 
 
 re Protuction 4 
 
 Scandals 6 
 
 Curran Bridge Wages B 
 
 How the Trick was Done 6 
 
 How to Spend Money — With Lavish 
 
 Hand 7-8 
 
 Outside liawyers' Foes 9 
 
 Money for Printing 9 
 
 The Superannuation Abuse 9 
 
 Why the Debt has incroaBodfrom IP140,- 
 000,000 to |253,0U0,OOO. and annual 
 expenditure from $23,000,000 to 
 
 f 38,000,000 11 
 
 Great Loss of Population 11 
 
 Population 1871, '81, '9l 12 
 
 Failure of the N. P. — Promises and Per- 
 formance 12 
 
 Paob. 
 
 Trade with Britain—Reduce the Duties 
 on British goods , 12-13 
 
 The People's Policy — Platform adopted 
 by the National Liberal Oonvention 13 
 
 1.— Tariff Reform— Freer Trade— Re- 
 duced Taxation IS 
 
 2. — Enlarged Markets — Reciprocity.... 14 .. 
 
 3. — Purity of Administration — Condemn 
 
 Corruption 14 
 
 4. — Demand Strictest Economy — De- h 
 
 creased Exiienditure HkS< 
 
 6. — For Responsible Ooverument — In- ' 
 
 dependence of Parliauioiit IS 
 
 6. —The Land for the SettIer~Nnt for 
 the Speculator IB 
 
 7. — Oppose the Douiinion Franchise — 
 
 Favor the Provincial Franchise 1$ 
 
 8. — Against the Gerrymander — County 
 
 Boundaries Should bo Preserved . . It 
 
 9. — Tlie yonate Defective— ...lend the ' 
 Constitution 16 
 
 10. — Question of Prohibition— A Do- 
 minion Plebiscite 16 
 
 The Liberal Loader 16 
 
 lETEBRtJ-A-Rir 1st, IJBQe. 
 
 ,.yi' 
 
 Copies of this pamphlet can be had f^om AIexan<l«r Smith, 
 Ontario Liberal AKSoclatlon, 94 Victoria Street, Toronto. 
 

 AUSTRALIAN TRADE. 
 
 In 1893 the Dominion Government represented to Parliament that Australasia fnr- 
 nished a profitable market for the surplus manufactures of Oanada, and got an Act passed 
 enabling them to pay $125,000 yearly for a monthly line of steamers from British Col> 
 ombia to Aastralia, nominally to supply cheap rates to Australia for Canadian manu- 
 faotarers, not a word being said about return cargoes of farm products. 
 
 At the colonial conference held at Ottawa June, 1894, the subjoct of a fast Atlantic 
 and Pacific service was considered, and Mr. Huddard statod that a yearly subsidy of 
 $1,500,000 would be required to maintain a weekly line on the Atlantic and a fortnightly 
 one on the Pacific, and the Canadian Government, throup;h Sir Mackenzie Bowell, Sir 
 Adolphe Oarou and Mr. Foster, their representatives at the conference, expressed their 
 approval of Canada contributing $375,000 a year as their proportion. 
 
 As to the steamship lin»'8, the Canadian Government ia now paying $125,000 a year 
 for a monthly steamer to Australia, and has passed an Act authorizing them to pay $750,- 
 000 a year for a fast Atlantit; service to England. 
 
 Speaking at the Ottawa conference, June, 1894, Hon. Mr, Fraser, one of the 
 Australian delegates, said : " Cheap freight is the great consideration for our frozen 
 mutton, and oven now they are making immense strides in that respect, and in Victoria 
 we are just commencing to erect large frozen warehouses, and I predict that in a very 
 short time indeed the trade will be immense. We have in four colonies 106,000,000 
 sheep, and we could easily increase them If we .saw a profitable outlet for the surplus 
 produce. 
 
 " Wo can multiply our frozen mutton produce immonsely if wo can see our way to 
 dispose of it. In some cases we really have had to boil down largo numbers of sheep 
 because we had no market. 
 
 " In one property I am connected with in New South Wales you would be surprised 
 to learn that we have had to boil down for their tallow about forty-five thousand ewes 
 simply because we had no market and no place to freeze them to advantage. Now all 
 that ^rould be quickly changed, and you can easily see that it is only a drop in the ocean 
 compared with what we can do. Millions and millions of sheep have been boiled down 
 in Queensland and New South Wales for their tallow. The boiling down establishments 
 have ri.sen like magic all over New South Wales and Qcieensland, but that will not con- 
 tinue long when we make arrangements for cheap freight and we get ships built carrying 
 80,000 carcases of mutton." 
 
 Then Mr. Fraser goes on to state the lowest rate of freight to be about three 
 farthings a pound. 
 
 Hon. Mr. Sutter, of New South Wales, then said : " Our great staple industry in 
 Australia is wool, and it is a mere question of bringing about a closer relationship between 
 these two dependencies (Canada and Australia) to establish what will ultimately be a 
 large trade in that commodity. You (that is, 'Canada) have only about 2,500,000 sheep. 
 In the Austra'asian colonies we have now about 125,000,000 ahoep, and you can easily 
 gee that we have an enormous amount of wool at our disposal for export. ♦ * * x 
 have no doubt a large tra,le can be built up in this direction * . * * and notwith- 
 standinff the Canadian duties on mutton a large trade (in mutton) ought to be established 
 at fcuy rate to British Columbia, and considerably further east, in frozen mutton. You 
 will understand this when I tell you that the amount the proilucei-s of mutton receive in 
 the Sidney market is now about two cents a pound, and \ am informed that in British 
 Columbia and Winnipeg mutton is retailed at fourteen to fifteen cents a pound. I think 
 you will see that there must be a margin here if we can bring into closer communication the 
 oonaumer aad the producer than is the case at present. * ^ * In British Columbia, 
 again, we ougli^ to find a market for our tinned meats. There Chey consume about 150 
 tons per annom. Some of this comes from East<Tn Canada and the United States ; other 
 commodities we nia^y Bupj)ly you (Canada) with, are hides and skins. We have only to 
 prove to you the wonderful durf.bility of our timber to induce you to use them for some 
 of the purpof«a you are now using the soft wood of Canada ' (and suggests the Australian 
 woods being used for railway ties and block paving), and then he goes on to say too 
 AoBtralia might also s^nnd apples to Canada, and then he says : '* .\nd we may ask whether 
 we mignt not eatabliih at trade in buttor for your winter months." 
 
 r.-r.^ ;i A- 
 
 '\ 
 
8 
 
 To Undersell the Canadian Farmer. 
 
 Mr. Lee Smith, of New Zealanu, then stated that New Zealand could supply Canada 
 with woolen goods, tweeds and sheep skins, frozen mutton ; and Mr. Bowell said : '' A 
 slight study has convinced me that Australian mutton can be carried as far east as 
 Chicago ai a profit, and pay the American duty." The same thing can be done in Canada. 
 
 Hon. Mr. Fitzgerald, Victoria, then added : " Last year the value of the exports 
 (from Victoria) amounted to nearly one million pounds sterling in butter, and the trade 
 is growing largely." 
 
 Hon. Mr. Fraser, of Australia, said : " We can send you tinned meats," and speak- 
 ing at the public banquet at Ottawa, given to the Australian delegates, Hon. Mr. Thynne, 
 of Queensland, stated that thuy had an annual surplus of over GOO, 000 cattle, and when 
 this scheme was carried out they would be able to deliver beef in Canada at one-tifth the 
 present price in Canada, mutton at two cents a pound, and other agricultural products at 
 proportionately reduced prices. 
 
 In l^ST Australasia contained 1,437,904 horses ; in 1891 the number had increased 
 to l,77l,o6t>. In the same period the number of horned cattle incroased from 8,886,796 
 to 11, 5-10,684, and the number of sheep from 97,233,478 to i24,187,189 ; that is, in the 
 five years in question the number of sheep alone increa-sed by over twenty-six millions, 
 being ten times more than all the sheep in Canada. D'.t it be remembered that not a 
 sixth of the Australaniau agricultural lauds are yet taken up, and it at once becomes 
 apparent that the Australian farmer threatens to become the most dangerous rival in the 
 world to the Canadian farmer. 
 
 In 1802 .Australasia raised 41,000,000 bushels of wheat, 10,000,000 bushels of oats 
 and 7,370,000 bushels of corn, liecently, with the development of dairying, Australaaia 
 has began raising pigs, and in a very brief period the number has risen to nearly a million, 
 and already she is exporting pork. 
 
 The Australian year book for 1894 shows that Australia and Tasmania a one (not 
 includin;^ New Zealand) exported in 1892 farm productH to the vnlue of ovor ■? 101, 000,- 
 000. /rid to these figures the value of the exports from Now Zealand and other Austral- 
 asian colcuies, and one may form a slight idea of the formidable rival in the I'acific which 
 our Government projjoses to develop at the expen-t^e of the Canadian farmer. 
 
 In 1893 Victoria (in Australia) exportf^l l)utter to the value of nearly So, 000,000, 
 and speaking of the dairy prospects of l^'ew Zealand, Mr. S. Lowe is reported in the great 
 English trade journal, the London Commerce, of a recent issue, as saying : 
 
 " New Zealand has the best pasture and climate of any country in the world, and I 
 am confident will ultimately excel all the other colonies. . , . The Victoria Covern- 
 ment estaljlishcd a system of bounties which brought their colonies to the front. They 
 gave money or advanced it on easy terms for the erection of factories and the putting up 
 of machinery. The State always took the milk froui the farms to the creameries free. 
 . , . These aids developed the industry at a tremendously rapid rate," etc. 
 
 A liberal 'ounty is aUo given on chetise exported, and .Mr. Lowe added : 
 
 " It probably costs less to send a cargo of butter from New Zealajid to London than 
 it would from London to Manchester. New Zealand butter couites 12,000 miles for less 
 than one penny a pound." ) 
 
 Shouts of Joy. 
 
 Frozen mutton, tallow, tinned meats and butter from Australia are now ])eing regu- 
 larly delivered by the Canadian Government subsidized line of steamers in British 
 Columbia, and are finding their way east to Ontario. For example, the following adver 
 tisement of a Sudbury firm of merchants appeared in the issue of the Sudbury Times of 
 May 2nd, 1894 : 
 
 "From Australia, ex S. S. Warrimoo to Vancouver, B.C., thence by tbeC.P.R. trans- 
 continental lino to Sudbury direct : 
 
 " We herald the arrival of invoices of consignment of creamery batter from the cele- 
 brated Rosebud creamery of Newcastle, New South Wales ; also tinned meats, the 
 products of the country. This is a sample trip, and all things commercially satisfactory, 
 we look forward to having closer trade relations with our sister colooy. It will facilitate 
 matters greatly to know that wo shall have swift transportation over the road. 
 
'• On the way hither : ten cases Australian butter, four cases tinned Australian 
 fiieat, one case Australian honey, one case Australian wool" 
 
 Tho following letter from Fraser, Viger i Co., of Montreal, shows how this trade ia 
 <ompnting with Canadian pioducts : 
 
 "MoNTHRAL, Dec. 6th, 1895. 
 ♦' J. Lockie Wilson, Esq. : 
 
 •' Dear Sir, — Your order received to-day for consignment of cans of Australian 
 mutton, which I beg to advise will go by to-night's exprnss to your address as above. 
 Please take notice that we are prepared to fill unlimiteci orders for roast, boiled and 
 corned Australian mutton ; also Australian rabbit, excellently put up, and hardly dia- 
 tinguishable from chicken. Yours truly, 
 
 " FKASKR, VIGER di 00." 
 
 At the Ezpenso of the Canadian Farmer. 
 
 These are the first finite of the new policy of the Canadian Government for develop- 
 ing trade with the Australasian coioni^^s, with two steamers, with a monthly service, at a 
 cott to the Canadian people for bounties of $12'), 000 a year. What is it likely to be hve 
 or ten years hence, with linos of steamers on the Atlantic and Pacific sustained V)y yearly 
 grants of $1,500,000 to provide cheap carriage for beef, mutton, pork, tallow, lard, wool, 
 cheese, butter, apples, breadstiiflh, and other agricultural products from Australia and 
 New Zealand to Canada and Great J Iritain ? 
 
 Now, we ask any fair-minded person whether Cannda should use the public money 
 of her people to pay for running vessels from Austmlia to Canada and Englaud to carry 
 Australian products to compete with our own farm products and thus ruin (^auadian 
 farming 1 By bad management the Government causfd England to schedule Canadian 
 cattle, and now they are using Canadian money largely collected from the farmers to 
 enable the Australians to undersell the Canadian farmers in Kngland, and even in Canada, 
 In beef, mutton, m'ooI, tallow, hides, pork, apples, canned meats, cheese, butter, etc. 
 When this scheme is completed, we abk, in serious earnestness, what is to become of the 
 Canadian farmer 1 
 
 As if to further landicap the Canadian farmer our Ciovernment allows a drawback 
 of ninetynino per cent, on all duties on dutiable inaterials used in the manufacture ot 
 agricultural implemeits and exported to Australasia or elsewhere, bo that the Canadian 
 farmer has to pay th(! full duty whilst the Australian fanner can buy the same imple- 
 ments, liy paying only one-hundredth part of the duty ; and, in a>ldition, he has the 
 advantage of cheap freights on the impieaients, becaus^^ of the Canadian subsidy to 
 ateauiers. 
 
 Slandering Eng'land. 
 
 *' He (Sir Charles IHbbert Tupperi told ua that tho British nation under free trade 
 is no lor.ger able to com]iete with the civilized nations ot Europe, but tluit she is driven 
 to spend millions upon her army and her navy in order to force her trade upon unwilling 
 savages in the uncivilized countries of the world.'' 
 
 iSomohon. ME.MIiEUS. "Oh, oh." 
 
 Mr. LAUKIEU. "Yes; here ia the langUHg" used by tho hon. gentleman (Sir 
 Charles llibbert Tupper) : 
 
 1>riv4>ii from the <'lviIi/«Ml iiiarl^rt^ of (li<> >^or1d. s(«>n<1{ly »iii1 ov^'ry year 
 fliKlinu; llH'ir oiif()uts to tU*»-.v iiiiirki'fs (hcrrasiiiu, ihev >i;iii(l iiiiUioii.^ ou 
 tlieii- navy, aiKl iiiiHions oa lluir ;iriii,v. io tonr Iheir >\ar('s« and their u;oo<U, 
 and their iiiertiiandl'^e, into flie iinenili/e<l niarli<'t> ol the >vorl«l. 
 
 Sir, I never yet heard thfi fair name of the great nation so slandered and insulted, At 
 least I never heard the name of England so insulted by ;i man of English blood." — ffon. 
 Wi^ frill Lnnricr vn the Jhwyet, JSl)^- 
 
 Supporters of the Government at Ottawa boast that protection ideas are growing in 
 )-nglnnd, and Hon. Wilfrid Laurier, speaking in the IlouH(>of Commons, Jan. lt)th, 1H96, 
 Its reported in Hansard, said : " Have we not been told by the hon. gentleman, amidst 
 the cheers of his friends bi^side him, that (J real Britain is going back to protection — that 
 England is to bo for the English as Canada is for the Canadiami. Why, if tho eighty 
 men in tho English Uou^e oi CommouB nho are in fuvor of protection can impose their 
 
will on that House, England will be a protectionist oountry such as Oanada is now. And 
 in such event, what kind of a market will England be for our products, if our products 
 are treated there as British products are treated in this country 1 What kind of a 
 market will that be for us where the products of Oanadian farmers are met by a wall in 
 England just as the products of English manufacturers are met by a wall in Canada t 
 This is the policy which is cheered by hon. gentlemen opposite — a policy which, if adopted 
 by Great Britain, they would forever deplore, and the unfortunate day when it was 
 adopted for ever rue." 
 
 The farmers will agree with Mr. Laurier that a duty on what they sell to England 
 weald be very injurious to them. 
 
 Soa&dals by the Dozen on Fublio VTovkB- 
 
 ST. CHARLES' BRANCH RAILWAY, (U miles) :— Promised cost, |136,O0O 
 expended upon it $1,740,000 ; outstanding claims, $20,719 ; oost of road itself, 1822,000; 
 cost of land damages, over $900,000. 
 
 TAY CANAL, (6 miles) :— Estimated coat, $132,600 ; expended upon it, $476,128 ; 
 revenue for 1894, $126 ; cost of maintenance 1894, $2,458. 
 
 LITTLE RAPIDS LOCK :— Contract estimate of cost, $86,680 ; paid to contrac- 
 tor, $260,000; oontractor'a claims still unpaid, $61,000 ; no tratlic and no receipts from 
 the work. 
 
 GALOPS RAPIDS CHANNEL, (Cornwall Canal) :— Contract price, $306,600 ; 
 paid to contractors, $446,500 ; contractors' claims still unpaid, $130,000 ; the Minister of 
 Oanals stated in Parliament after the work was taken over that no one would use it. 
 
 SHIEKS ISLAND DAM, (Cornwall Canal) :~The original contract was cancelled 
 and a work abandoned, upon which $155,000 of money was absolutely thrown away. The 
 new work was given to a favored firm of contractors without tenders who have been 
 allowed $22,500 over their contract price. 
 
 LANGEVIN BLOCK :— Estimate of coat less than $500,000 ; already paid, $781- 
 000 ; outstanding claims, $250,000 ; Contractor Charlebois had following clause put into 
 the contracts which other contractors ou the building had with Government : " The 
 contractors will agree to bind themselves to buy the right of way from the contractor 
 Mr. Charlebois." 
 
 CONNOLLY-McGREEVY WORKS :— Cost to contractors of work, $2,184,269; 
 cost to country, $3,138,234; contractors' protits, $053,975; loss to country after deduct- 
 iag fair profit, ;J700,000. 
 
 PRINTING BUREAU SCANDAL :—3enecal'8 commissions on purchases for 
 supplies and machinery, $50,000. 
 
 CURRAN BRIDGE :— Estimated cost, $123,00,1; Government Commission's 
 estimate of reasonable cost, $160,000; actual cost, $430,000; stolen from the country^ 
 $270,000 ; Judge Desnoyers decided that Government's contract with contractor St. 
 Louis was so drawn that he had lived up to it. 
 
 Campaign contributions paid by Senator Ross and Mr. Beemer to Sir Adolphe Caron 
 and recouped by subsidy to the Lake St. John Railway, $50,000. 
 
 FREDERICTON AND ST. MARY'S BRIDGE:— Paid up capital of company, 
 $20,000 ; Government loan at 4 per cent,, $300,000 ; Government bonus, $30,000 ; total 
 cost of bridge, $418,000 ; floating debt of bridge, $19,000 ; interest due the Government 
 upon loan since 1888, $66,000 ; total amount public money sunk in this private specula- 
 tion, $396,000. 
 
 CARAQUET RAILWAY :— $224,000 of public money has been sunk in this sink 
 hole. The road is not paying running expenses, and the public expenditure which was 
 incurred for election purposes and nothing else is a total loss. 
 
 8AMPLK8 OF CURRaN BRIDQE WAQBS, ETO., PAID BY QOVBRNMKNT, 
 
 |4 a day for foreman. 
 
 $6 a day for foreman for night or over-time. 
 
 $8 a day for foreman on Sunday. 
 
 $12 a Jay for foreman on Sunday over-time. 
 
 $5 a day for team. 
 
 $10 a day for team on Sunday. 
 
6 
 
 $2.50 a da J for derrick. 
 $3.75 a day for derrick for over time. 
 $7.50 a day for derrick for over time on Sunday. 
 St Louis puU on all the men he wishes and gets paid for thom« 
 2,000 mer on the works at one time. 
 Large numbers idle. 
 No Government time-keeper. 
 No regular count. 
 No Government foreman. 
 No Government supervision. 
 No Government record of men or materials. 
 No Government cIriHHification of labor. 
 Unskilled labor paid for or skilled labor. 
 No public tenders for timl>er. 
 Inferior timber supplied. 
 
 Carters delivery tickets fur lumber, etc , missing. 
 No checks as to quality of timb<^r and lumber supplied. 
 Large quantities iiiiKsing. 
 
 New tinil>er burnt as tirewoo'l, carted away, stolen, etc, 
 (Government teams haul lumber that con*''actor was to deliver. 
 S39.80G.04 paid for 86,000 worth of stone cutting. 
 $16,715 paid for 8;'i,000 worth of stone cutting. 
 
 Stone hauled by team 20 miles along railway, running from quarry to works, 
 (lovenmient warned all along of the frauds but allow them to continue. 
 Pays bills as they come in. 
 
 ^Vhen work coropl' ced Government issue commission to investigate. 
 Pending investigation, Government pays St. Louis balance of 8l0.';,000 for wagea 
 that Chief Kngineer discredited and would not certify to. 
 
 Oommis.sion unanimously report incompetence, extravagance and fraud. 
 People's money lost. 
 No one held responsible. 
 
 How the trick was done. 
 
 We v=M quote from the Montreal G'lzo.W' of the Hth May, 189."), a statement made 
 by .Tudge beanoyers uj»on the ajjplication of the Solicitor-General with respect to the sni', 
 against the character of the Curran bridge for a refund of money which the Solicitor- 
 General claimed he had got unfairly from this Government. Let us call attention to 
 some of the details of that transaction. It related to two bridges across the Lachine 
 Canal and the Grand Trunk Railway. The Government engineer's first estimate of the 
 cost of completing these bridges was $160,000. But they j-roposed to make certain 
 changes, to enable them to deepen the canal and improve the works, and the highest 
 figure which the Government's own engineer gave as the cost of the work was 8223,000. 
 Although the work was within two or three hour's run by rail of the headquarters of the 
 Government at Ottawa, what did they do ? They paid 8394,000 for that work which 
 their own engimer had estimated would cost $223,000, and then they instituted a suit 
 against their own contractoia to try to get 8170,000 out of him. Let me make a few 
 quotations from the statement of the judge upon the evidence placed before him with 
 respect to the terms of the contract made In* the Department with the conttactor, Mr. 
 St. Louis. Here is a specimen of the wages which this precious economical Government 
 contracted to pay to that contractor: A stonecutter foreman was allowed !?1 a day for 
 day time and $6 for night time 88 a day for Sunday, aud 812 a day for Sunday overtime. 
 A double team got $5 a day, and wh"n rt;ligiously at work on Sunday, it got 
 $10. What else do we find? We find that a derrick was worth ^2')0 in the day time, 
 but the same instrument was worth ^'6.1 b at night, and it was a religious derrick, because 
 when it had to work on Sunday its conscience had to be appeased by giving it $7.50. 
 That was the contract made under the supervision of the Minister right in Ottawa. We 
 are not speaking of what occurred outside, but of the contract that these gentlemen made 
 with Mr. St Louis. He went to work to carry out that contract. What does the judge 
 say in addition ? Pie says : 
 
 < 
 
 y^ 
 
" And on the same loale for itonemaaonB, itoneaetten and skilled Uboren, Mr. SI. 
 LouU' billi must have been tremendooi, when it ia remembered the job laated four 
 months, and that at times there were 2,000 men at work in the day-time, and 1,500 men 
 at work at night. The men were paid alternately every week. Mr. Michaad tells as 
 that some of the pays amoanted to $34,000, some |10,000,«ome $15,000 and some $20,000.' 
 
 And yet that wtnt on for sour months, although all that time the Minister snd hit 
 responsible subordinates could hare left Ottawa and run down to the work any af teraooa, 
 inspected what was going on, and mode things right. That went on until, instead of 
 paying out $233,000, the Qovemment paid nearly $400,000, and yet theT ask us 
 to believe that they did not know anything about it, and that the whole thing 
 was economically administered. Let any hon. gentleman go to Ontario and present 
 those figures to the electorate and try to make them believe that this expenditure 
 w'jd a really honest, just and fair expenditure of public money. When we find 
 that the contractor dostroyed his books because his safe was not big enough 
 to hold them after he got through, and when we find him declaring under oath that he 
 had given contributions to aid the party in power, need we go any further to find a reason 
 why this extravagance was allowed to go on unchecked 1 What did the judge say t Did 
 he instruct Mr. St. Louis to pay back this money 1 No ; he goes on to say : 
 
 " There was no proper surveillance by the officers of the Government on two of the 
 jobs at least, vis., the Grand Trunk bridge and lock No. 1 of the X^achine canal. The 
 time-keeping on the two latter jobs seems to have been left to take care of itself, as far 
 as the Government officers were concerned, so much so that two prominent public officers, 
 high in office, lost their situation on that account Mr. St. Louis procured all the work- 
 men that were asked of him. He did not keep time personally, he had several clerks to 
 do il, and one of them stuffed the lists. Thiu was sworn to by himself, to his own dis- 
 grace ; and when those lists were so made and cooked, they were certified blindly and as 
 a matter of form by the officers of the Government." 
 
 And yet this is the Government which undertakes to tell us that they are adminis- 
 tering the affairs of the country carefully. 
 
 Sow to Spend XConey. 
 
 Geo. R. R. Cockburn, Conservativft M. P. for Oentre Toronto, acted as Canadian 
 Commissioner at the World's Fair, Chicago, in 1893, and if any one doubts that he hnd a 
 pleasant summer at the expense of the Canadian people let hira read his bill for expenses 
 brought down in detail before the Public Accounts Committee, House of Commone>, 
 Ottawa. Below the total expenditure is given with a few extracts from the bill. 
 World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago ; 
 
 George R. R. Cockburn, Commissioner : j ^^^^^^ ^^^^.^^ ^j^^^ ^^^ .^^ ^f ^^p^„. 
 
 . ., no J on t diture of S957.08, for which I have no 
 
 April 28 and 29 expenses from ^^^^j^^^^ ^^ ^j^^j, ,^^ ^,^^ ^^^^.^^ ^j ^^^ 
 
 Toronto to Ottawa ana re- Commissioner in connection with the 
 
 _,^''" „* * • V no rr" pavilion during the Columbian Exposi- 
 
 May 22 and 29, expenses, To- ^ .^ ^^^ particulars sUted. 
 ronto to Chicago, and while ,a- a\ n t>t>r.i,v 
 
 there and return ; hotel bill, (Signed) Geo. R. R. Cockburn. 
 
 $30.70 79 74 Ottawa, April, 1894. 
 
 May 31, June 2, expenses, To- 
 ronto to Ottawa, thence to 
 
 Montreal to meet Hon Mr. Note. — The reader should bear in mind 
 
 Angers and Mr. Tasse 47 40 that the position held by Mr. Cockburn 
 
 June 10, November 4, 148 days, was of an honorary kind and the actual 
 
 including extra supplies for work of getting the Canadian exhibits to 
 
 Canadian Pavilion, cabs, rail- Chicago was attended to by other com- 
 
 way fares, porterage, exhibi- missioners who had to incur extra ex- 
 
 tioD entrancos, extra dinners, penditure for travel, etc. before the fair 
 
 sundries, etc.; express charges, began. Their expenses cannot be cun- 
 
 oigars for pavilion, etc 957 08 sidered in the same light as Mr. Oock- 
 
 $1,104 22 bum's. They had both work and respon> 
 
 Hotel bills as vouchers $3^20 ^0 sibility. 
 
 Total $4,426 00 
 
TIm Virginift Hotel Co. 
 
 Oot 13, 1893. 
 TIm Virginia Hotel, Chioago : 
 
 Mr. 0. R. R. CkMkbam, Dr. 
 To tzpreii oh*rgM, S6o.; dmgi, 
 
 40o. andSSo $1 00 
 
 ** paid oab man, OOo. and 76a 
 
 andSOa and $1.50. .... 3 26 
 ** order for lalmon, 76a; meaa- 
 
 anger, 26o 100 
 
 <* tbaafcre tickets. 19.76 ;thoea 
 
 blacked, 60c 10 26 
 
 •* telegram.40a;C.O.D.Fielda, 
 
 •1.20 1 60 
 
 Paid 
 
 117 10 
 10 60 
 
 I 6 60 
 The Virginia Hotel Co. 
 
 Oct 14, 1883. 
 The Vi^ia Hotel, Chicago : 
 
 To a. R R. Oockbnni, Dr. 
 To board from 9 30 to lOU, two 
 
 weeks $224 00 
 
 To winea and liqaors ; extra 
 
 meals $61 10 
 
 ** laundry, inolading borrowed 
 taUe linan, and washing 
 
 it 18 10 
 
 •• liTery 26 60 
 
 " news stand 23 
 
 Paid. 1328 9» 
 The Virginia Hotel Go. 
 
 July 16, 1893. 
 The Virginia Hotel, Chicago : 
 
 Mr. G.. R. R Oookbam, Dr. 
 To board from 7 8 to 7-16, one 
 
 week at 120 a day |ii40 OO 
 
 " extra meals, wines and liquon 33 20 
 
 " lanndry 1 65 
 
 " livery 5 00 
 
 ** cash pidd to have hat pressed 1 00 
 " cash paid to news stand .... 60 
 
 " cash paid foi* Howers ^ 3 80 
 
 ** oash paid cabman 1 25 
 
 Paid Angust 12. 1893. $186 40 
 The Virginia Hotel Co. 
 
 Vith Lsk-TUh. Baad. 
 
 A giaiiiie st the Anditor-Gkneral's report for any year will show other examples of 
 how to spend money. The exSD5|ii«» given below are from the report for the year end- 
 ing Jane 30th, 1894, and can be foand in section P of the report. It ^rill be noticed that 
 dvil servants charge for rent of rooms at Ottewa when thev ar« away, tuough ail their 
 travelling expenses are paid, and some go so far as to charge for wear and tear of clothes. 
 
 Deurooheni, R. 0., private secretary, 27 trips ($778.03) — 
 
 Cabs : to Ottawa station, $26.76 ; stationa to hotela, $21.50 ; hotela to atationa, 
 
 $18.86 ; sundry, $54 ; from Ottawa atation, $20.75 $141 85 
 
 Single farea : Ottawa and Montreal, 48 at $3.60, $101 ; aundry, $68.70 229 70 
 
 Farea to New York, March 28, and return, $22 ; to Calumet and return, two at 
 
 $3.10 28 20 
 
 Pulhnana, $49.00 : portera, $13.25 ; ateamera, $5 67 25 
 
 Telegrama, $15.28 ; phonea, $1.06 ; atationery, $1.00 , 17 33^ 
 
 Ry. to Chicago Fair grounda, $1.60 ; entranoe-ticketa to World 'i Fair, $3 4 50 
 
 Board, $255.20 ; American poatage, $2 257 20 
 
 Sundriea not divided (waitera, bell-boya, papera, &c., in early acoounta) 14 40 
 
 Waitera, portera, bell-boya, car boya, $9.15 ; newspapera, $3.05 12 20 
 
 Barber, $1.30 ; laundry, $1.60 ; cleaning booto, $1.60 ; 2 booka, $1 5 40 
 
 Dlonne, Octave, accountant, 11 tri(S ($300.35) — 
 
 Oaba : office to houae, $4 ; to Ottawa atation, $5 ; atationa to hotels, $11.26 ; hotels 
 
 to atationa, $12 ; sundry, §60.05 ; from Ottawa atation, $9.50 101 80 
 
 Single fares, $93.15, Pullmans, $16 ; porters, 6, $8.20 ; toUa, 30o 117 6& 
 
 Steamers, $8 i boat-hire, $3.20 ; ferries, 66o. ; 'phcmes, 66c 12 51 
 
 Telegrama, $8.44 ; envelopea, 26o. ; room for paying men, 50o 4 19 
 
 Board, $49.40; ahaving, dOc; shining boots, $1 50 70 
 
 Wear and tear of coat and auit, Sept. 16 to October 2, 1893 6 OO 
 
 Foreman at Bboulementa, 0. Boudhard, 8 daya at $2.50 7 50 
 
 St Laurent, Arthur (headquarters at Winnipeg), 9 tripa from Otiawa ($384.10)^ 
 
 Cabs : to Ottawa station, 16.60 ; from Ottawa station, $7.50 : aundry, $44.76. ... 68 75 
 Single fares, $66.90 ; Pullmaos, $15 i ear and hotel porters, $9 80 90 
 
 '< 
 

9 
 
 Return tickets : Ottawa and Pembroke, $6.30; Ottawa ami Buckingham, 11.60; 
 
 Montreal and Ste. Rose, $1 8 00 
 
 Horse hire, $15 ; steamers, $11.36 ; laborers, f9.60. $65 85 
 
 Board, $140. 4i: ; telef^rams, $9.26 ; stamps, $1 150 70 
 
 Boat hire, $3 75 ; express, 95o. ; ferries, 30o l> 00 
 
 Rent of room at Ottawa for clothes and trunk while away, at $3 a week 14 00 
 
 Outside La^sTyers' Fees. 
 
 In addition to the tremendous increase in the expenditure of every department of 
 the (Government, there is behind them all and beyond ail their salaries and contingencies, 
 a further source of extra patronage and extravagance. It is to be found under the head 
 of " Legal expenses and taxed costs," in the Auditor-G^nerai's Report. No doubt a cer> 
 tain amount of this expenditure is forced upon a Government, but it is unreasonably 
 high. An examination of the Auditor-Oeneral's Reports for the past ten years shows 
 that an average of $100,000.00 a year is paid in " Legal Expenses and Taxed Costs." 
 Bear in mind that this does not include the amount necessary to carry on the regular ad- 
 ministration nor does it bear the same relationship to the Department of Justice as the 
 expenbes necessary for conducting the work of the Orown in Provincial matters. It is a 
 gross scandal that while the new office of Solicitor-Qeneral has been created at Ottawa with 
 a salary of $5,000 per annum, an outside lawyer in the City of Ottawa, Mr. D. O'CJonnor, 
 whose office is not 200 yards distant from the Solicitor General's Office, should k^ve beea 
 paid for legal services for the Government in the year ending 30th June, 1893, the 
 enormous sum of $19,248.32. 
 
 The sum paid to Mr. O'Connor for the year ending 30th June, 1894, was $19,850.48. 
 This lawyer gets each year in fees a sum equal in .value to about five farms though the 
 country employed for some time a Solicitor-General at $5,000.00 to attend to legal work. 
 
 Iffoney for Printing, etc. 
 
 Many newspapers throughout the Dominion must sing the praises of the Goveanment, 
 no mt»cter what ihe conduct of the Ministers may be, or suffer the loss of patronage. Though 
 there is a Government Printing Bureau at Ottawa yet enormous sums are yearly paid to 
 newspapers and other printing establishments in all sections of the country. The money 
 thus lavishly spent does not include the printing done for Returning Officers, the charges 
 for printing the lists, or the work done in the Ck>vemment Printing Bureau at Ottawa. The 
 Auditor-General's Report will show that on an average over $250,000.00 is expended each 
 year in this way. This is over 50 farms a year. 
 
 The Superannuation Abuse. 
 
 The system of superannuating civil servants, began in 1871, was based upon the idea 
 that after a public official had become feeble and worn out he should be retired from the 
 public service and his place filled by an efficient substitute. A fund was created to sup- 
 ply which two per cent, of the salaries of civil servants was retained. In 1871 the 
 receipts of this fund amounted to $50,000 and the expenditure to only $13,000. In 1893 
 the receipts were $64,433 and the expenditure $263,710. In 1891 there was paid into 
 this fund $63,974, while tudre was paid oat of it the enormous sum of $262,302. 
 
 In the twenty-three yearu since the inauguration of the system we have paid 
 $2,500,000 over and above the receipts. 
 
 The total number on the superananation list on the 30th June, 1803, was 651. Of 
 those, 173 were under the age of sixty, which is the limit fixed by the Act, and below 
 which the Government is not supposed to go unless for very special reasons ; seventy- 
 three were under the age of fifty. 
 
 The needy followers of the Gbvamroent, and some who are not needy, have had to 
 be provided for, and the superannuftiion system has been used to provide places for 
 
10 
 
 hanf^ry followers. Mr. Danaereau, a leading Mcxtreal Conservative, desired the post- 
 mastership of that city, and Mr. Lamothe, the pcjiioiastet ,was laperannnated. He was 
 entitled to a retiring allowance of $1,360, bnt tbc Goveroment added eight years to his 
 time, and Mr. Lamothe is drawing $2,000 a year and Mr. Dansereau is receiving as post- 
 master $4,000, which makes the cost of that office $6,000 a year. 
 
 Mr. Robert Wallace, postmaster at Victoria, B.O., strenuously resisted being snpet- 
 nnnasted, but his place was wanted for Mr. Shakesp>«are, then a member of Parliament. 
 To quiet Mr. Wallace eight years was added to his length of service, and he is now living 
 iu England drawing a pension of $1,300 a year and Mr. Shakespeare is doing his work 
 at a salary of $2,000 a year. 
 
 Mr. Oharles Thibeault was appointed Secretary of the Board of Dominion Arbitrat- 
 ors, a sinecure, and after drawing $2,000 a year for nine years was superannuated at the 
 age of forty-nine on a pension of $760 a year. 
 
 Mr. Yankougbnet, Deputy Superintendent-General of Indian Affkirs, was superan- 
 nuated in 1893 at the age of fifty-seven against his will and against his strong protest 
 that his health was quite good. In order to force him to apply for superannuation the 
 Minister threatened him that it would be worse for him if he did not, but if he did all 
 would be made right. (See official letter from Minister, June 28, 1893, page 4326, Com- 
 mons Hansard, 1894.) Mr. Vankoughnet is now living in England drawing $2,112 a 
 year for the rest of his life. The reason Mr. Vankoughnet was forced out was to supply 
 Mr. Hayter Reed with the position. Mr. Reed is the gentleman who was chiefly respon- 
 sible for the looting of furs after the Northwest rebellion, but he sheltered himself behind 
 (Jreneral Mtddleton and destroyed a letter which convictsd him of complicity in that dis- 
 graceful affair. 
 
 Mr. Trudeau, Deputy Minister of Railways and Canals, was superannuated against 
 his will on an allowance of $3,756 a year. 
 
 H. A Whitney, Mechanical Superintendent of the Intercolonial Railway, was 
 superannuated at the age of fifty-eight, and Mr. A. S. Busby, of the a^vme road, at the age 
 of fifty-four, on allowances respectively of $1,280 and $1,000 a year. 
 
 Mr. John Tilton, Deputy Minister of Fisheries, was superannuated at the age of 
 fifty-five, and can be seen any day in Ottawa, a strong, healthy, vigorous man in the 
 prime of life; yet he is drawing a pension reserved for sick, feeble and aged persons, of 81,536. 
 
 During the five years of the Mackenzie Government the receipts of this fund aver- 
 aged more than $10,000 a year and the payments were under $100,000, whereas we are 
 now only receiving $64,000 and paying out $263,000, a deficit of $200,000 a year. 
 
 On May 22nd, 1883, Sir Leonard Tilley moved the third reading of Bill (No. 91) to 
 amend and consolidate the Acts relating to the superannuation of persons employed in 
 the Civil Service of Canada. To this G. W. Ross, Liberal M. P. (Middlesex), moved the 
 following amendmer , : "That the Bill be recommitted to a Committee of the Whole to 
 amend the same so as to provide (with due regard to the rights of those who hHve been 
 a. ready admitted to the Superannuation List) for the abolition of the present system and 
 the substitutioij o' a plan whereby a percentage of the salary of each civil servant shall 
 l>e retained and placed to his credit and shall be payable to him with interest on his 
 quitting the service, or to his family in case of his death in the service." This amend- 
 ment was negatived by the Conservatives on the following division : Yeas, 47 ; Nays, 
 100. (Hansard, Vol. IL, p. 1364.) 
 
 A resolution moved by Mr. James McMuUen, Liberal M. P., North Wellington, 
 Ont., in Parliament during the session of 1894, declaring that the Superannuation 4ct 
 had been administered by the Government in a loose and unjustifiable manner, and that 
 the system as now established should bo abolished, was voted down by 91 to 55, every 
 Conservative in the House voting against it. 
 
 The Liberals disclaimed any intention of interfering under that resolution with the 
 rights of those who have paid money into the fund, but they held that it was unfair to 
 the laboring men and to the farmers of this country that they should continue to be taxed 
 $200,000 a year to keep half a thousai^d men idle, when half of them are well able to 
 work, and when scores of them are living a life of ease in foreign lands, drawing fat pen- 
 ■ions from the Canadian taxpayers. 
 
11 
 
 A few examples showing how the present Act works are given below i 
 
 UP TO 30th JUNE, 1892. 
 
 Namo. 
 
 Paid in. 
 
 Drew out. 
 
 1 Geo. Tutxiove 
 
 $420 00 
 
 650 83 
 
 122 00 
 
 670 58 
 
 275 71 
 
 847 00 
 
 406 00 
 
 o84 34 
 
 487 42 
 
 039 25 
 
 09 33 
 
 Nil. 
 
 90 00 
 
 324 00 
 
 307 60 
 
 $38,018 93 
 20 t»20 00 
 
 2 Nomas Cioddard 
 
 3 E. C. Haydon 
 
 17,471 00 
 
 4 John Kidd 
 
 15.070 00 
 
 6 R. Kiml>er 
 
 18,0(.I4 00 
 37,803 00 
 
 6 John Lancrton 
 
 7 J. P. Leprohon 
 
 14,518 00 
 
 8 Joseph Leslie 
 
 32,777 00 
 
 9 Peter Le Sueur 
 
 15.070 00 
 
 10 E. A. Meredith 
 
 34,441) 00 
 
 11 F. M. Passon 
 
 20,149 00 
 27,608 00 
 
 12 Alfred Pattrick 
 
 13 J. P. Rubige 
 
 34,. 322 00 
 23.780 00 
 
 14 A. Woodgate 
 
 15 J. A. Hunworth 
 
 13,838 00 
 
 
 85,825 9G 
 
 $383,448 00 
 
 Sixty- four dollars drawn out for every one paid in — a good inve8tmt>nt surely, but 
 is it business 1 
 
 Why Debt has lAorsased. 
 
 These are but a few of the examples of waste and extravagance, and can any one 
 wonder at the debt increasing from 8140,000,000 (in round nu^ioers) in 1878 to the 
 enormous figure of $253,000,000 (in round numbers) at June 30th, 1895? 
 
 The annual expenditure in 1877-78 was $23,503,158, and in 18'j5 over $38,. 
 000,000.00. 
 
 Though we have had increased taxation, which is a burden to the people, there have 
 been deficits since 1878 as follows : — 
 
 1879 $1,937,999 
 
 1880 1,543,227 
 
 1885 2,240,058 
 
 1886 5,834,571 
 
 1888 S 310,031 
 
 1894 1,210,332 
 
 1895 4,153,875 
 
 It takes one-half the total customs duties collected in Canada to pay the charges 
 on the debt. 
 
 Q-reat Loss of Population. 
 
 The Census Returns show that excluding altogether the 886,000 immigrants who 
 <!ame to Canada during the ten years. 1881 to 1891, there should have bfseu an increase 
 of population by natural increase alone (calculated at two per cont. a year) of not less 
 than 900,000. The actual increase was in round fi-rures 500,000. The loss in native 
 born population was, theroforo, in the ten years 400,000. If to this, however, bo added 
 the 886,000 immigrants who, according to the statistics of the department of agriculture 
 were brought into this country during thoso ten years at a cost of, according to the Fub< 
 lio Accounts, pag9 vii., about $3,000,000, the actual exodua from (.'anada during the ten 
 jears, 1881 to 1891, amountedtoover 1,200,000 persons, or 1 20,000 each year. The United 
 States census agrees with ours in this regard aud shows that of every male born in Canada, 
 Ijetween thf r.ges of twenty and tifty years, one in three is found in the United Ktatet. 
 
12 
 
 The following table is oompiled from the censas returns by the Dominion Statisticiai^ 
 Johnson, and pablished in the statistical year book for 1893, p. 119 : 
 
 POPVLATION OF CANADA, 1871, 1881 AND 1891. 
 
 Provincea. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Quebec 
 
 Nova Scotia 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Manitoba 
 
 British Columbia . . . , 
 Prince Edwai'd Island 
 The Tsrricoriea 
 
 1871. 
 
 1881. 
 
 1,620,851 
 
 1,191,516 
 
 387,800 
 
 285,594 
 
 18,995 
 
 36,247 
 
 94,021 
 
 1,926,922 
 
 1,359,027 
 
 440, .572 
 
 321,233 
 
 62.260 
 
 40,459 
 
 108,8i»l 
 
 56,446 
 
 Increase 
 per cent. 
 
 1891. 
 
 18.6 
 14.0 
 13,6 
 12.4 
 247.2 
 36.4 
 15.8 
 
 2,114,.321 
 
 1,488,535 
 
 450,396 
 
 321,263 
 
 152,506 
 
 98,173 
 
 109,078 
 
 98,967 
 
 Increas* 
 per cent. 
 
 9.7a 
 
 9.53 
 
 2.2a 
 
 none. 
 
 144.95 
 
 98.49 
 
 0.17 
 
 75.33 
 
 How long is this state of affairs to be allowed to continae 1 
 
 Failure of tlie National Folioy. 
 
 When the trade policy of this ooantry was changed from a tariff for revenae to a 
 protective tariff, the change was based apon a resolution moved by the leader of the Oon- 
 servative party, Sir John A. Macdonald, in the House of Commons, as follows : — 
 
 " That this House is of opinion that the welfare of Canada requires the adoption of 
 a national policy, which, by judicious re-adjustment of the tariff, vrill benefit and prosper 
 the agricultural, the mining, the manufacturing and other interests of the Dominion ; 
 that such a policy will retain in Canada thousands of our fellow countrymen, now obliged 
 *4i ezpatriatf^ themselves in search of the employment now denied them at home, will 
 restore prosperity to our struggling industries now so sadly depressed ; will prevent 
 Oanada from being a sacrifice market ; will encourage and develop an active inter- pro- 
 yincial trade, and moving (as it ought to do) in the direction of reciprocity of tariffs with 
 our neighbors, so far as the varied interests of Canada may demand, will greatly tend ta 
 procure for this oonntry eventually a reciprocity of trade." See Hansard, 187ii, vol. I.,. 
 p. 854.) 
 
 PROMISES AND PERFORMANCE. 
 
 The authors of the National Policy, as anyone may see from their speeches during 
 the election of 1878 and in the budget speeches of the Finance Min>'Bters in sul>sequcnb 
 years, made these promises, amongst others : To abolish business depression ; to stop the 
 exodus ; to turn the "balance of trade" in our favor; to tax British trade in the bulk 
 less than foreign ; to give the farmer a home market ; to deve'op our mineral wealth ; tO' 
 obtain reciprocity with the United States; to reduce the debt to $100,000,000 by 1890; 
 to place a million people in the North- West by 1891. 
 
 The last feat was to be accomplished only in part by the National Policy. 
 
 Not one of these proniiscii have b«en fiilfllled. 
 
 TRADE WITH tiREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 As to the taxation of British goods, Sir Leonard in 1879 declared : " It may be said 
 we shall receive from the imports from foreign countries a larger share of the $20,000,000 
 we require than we shall receive from the mother country. 1 believe such will be the 
 effijot. But I think that in making such a statement to the House, belonging as we do, 
 and forming a part of that great country — a country that receives our natural products 
 without any taxation, everything we have to send her — apart from our national feelings, 
 I think this House will not object, if in the proposition before me the duties touch mo 
 heavily the imports from foreign countries than from our fatherland." .. 
 
 The fact is the reverse of what was promised. British goods in the bulk are taxed 
 nore severely than American. The duty levied upon the whole of the country's imports 
 of British goods amounted in the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1803, to 22 per cent.,, 
 while the duty levied upon the whole of the imports of American goods amounted to 13j^ 
 
 rr cent., a discrimination against England on the whole volume of trade of more thaa 
 per cent 
 
13 
 
 REDUCE THE DUTIES ON BRITISH GOODS. 
 
 In April, 1892, the following was moved by Hon. L. H. Daviea, M.P.^ and Voted for 
 Tt>y the Liberals and opposed by the Government : — 
 
 " Inasmuch as Oreat Britain admits the products of Canada into her ports free of 
 duty, this House is of the opinion that the present scale of duties exacted on goods mainly 
 imported from Great Britain should be reduced." 
 
 The People's Policy. 
 
 During its term of office the Liberal Party strove to advance the interests of the 
 country, and while in opposition with the same end in view — the general good — it has, 
 by resolutions and debates in the House, together with addresses throughout the land, 
 stoutly maintained its principles. The Liberal Party believing in freedom of trade, 
 freedom of speech and freedom of conscience, is progressive in its character. This wag 
 strongly exemplified by the National Liberal Convention held at Ottawa, June, 1893, 
 when Liberals from every section of the Dominion assembled, and without any previoas 
 arrangements proceeded at once to take council together upon the political situation. 
 The results of their deliberations are embodied in a series of resolutions which contain a 
 re-assertion of the line of policy marked out ))y the resolutions previously moved in the 
 House and debated. These resolutions form r platform upon which the Liberals in every 
 electoral district from the Atlantic to the Pacific ntand. it is not sectional in its scope, 
 it applies to the whole Dominion. The convention is a tribute to the genius of the 
 Liberal party. There was no division or lack of unity, but on the contrary, all who have 
 given thought to and have discussed the different resolutions are united not only on the 
 principles, but upon the details of the policy of the party. Hon. Edward Blake, formerly 
 the Dominion Liberal leader, now a member of the Imperial House of Commons, has 
 written to Mr. A. Younie, then secretary of the West Durham Reform Association as 
 fo Hows : " May I be permitted to say how giad I am to think that the reciprocity resolu- 
 tion of the late Reform Convention has ended the difference which led to the severance of 
 my connection with the riding, and that, no longer to be associated with them as their 
 representative, 1 am no longer to be divided from them in opinion." 
 
 Every one who wishes to know the Liberal platform should read these resolutions. 
 They were framed by the party in convention assembled and form the pialibrni of the party. 
 
 Eesolutions adopted at the Only National Political Con- 
 
 mention ever held in Canada. 
 
 We, the Liberal party of Canada, in convention assembled, declare: 
 
 1.— Tariff Reform- Treer Trade—Eedncod Taxation. 
 
 That the customs tariff of the Dominion should be based, not as it is now, upon th^ 
 protective principle, but upon the requirements of the public service ; 
 
 That the existing tariff, founded upon an unsound principle, and used, as it has been 
 by the Government, as a corrupting agency wherewith to keep themselves in olfioe, hai 
 developed monopolies, trusts and combinations ; 
 
 It has decreased the value of farm and other landed property ; 
 
 It has oppressed the masses to the enrichment of a few ; 
 
 It has checked immigration ; 
 
 It has CAUBod great loss of population ; 
 
 It has impeded commerce ; 
 
 It has discriminated against Groat Britain, 
 
 In these and in many other ways it has occasioned great prblio and private injury, 
 all of which evils must continue to grow in intensity as long as the present tariff system 
 remains in force. 
 
 That the highest interests of Canada demand a removal of this ohatacle to our 
 country's progress, by the adoption of a sound fiscal policy, which, while not doing 
 injustice to any class, will promote domestic and foreign trade, and hasten the return of 
 prosperity to our people. 
 
 That to that end, the tariff should be reduced to the needs of honest, economic*! 
 and nflicient government. 
 
 That it should be so adjusted as to make free, or to bear as lightly as possible upon, 
 the necessaries of life, and should be so arranged ah to promote treer trade with tfc.« 
 whole world, more particularly with Great Britain and the United State*. 
 
14 
 
 We believe that the results of the protective system have grievously disappoiutcd 
 thoasands of persons who hoDestly supported it, and that the couutry, in the light of 
 experience, is now prepared to declare for a sound fiscal policy. 
 
 The issue between the two political parties on this question is now clearly defined. 
 
 The Government themselves admit the failure of their fiscal policy, and now profess 
 their willingness to make some changes ; but they say that such changes must be based 
 only on the principle of protection. 
 
 We denounce the principle of protection as radically unsound, and unjust to the 
 maftses of the people, and we declare our conviction that any tariff changes Imsed ou 
 that principle must fail to afford any substantial relief from the burdens under which 
 the country labors. 
 
 This issue wo unhesitatingly accept, and upon it we wait with the fullest confidence 
 the verdict of the electors of Canada. 
 
 2— Enlarp:ed Markets— Zteciprooity. 
 
 That, having regard to the prosperity of Canada and the United States as adjoin- 
 ing countries, with many mutual interests, it is desirable that there should be the most 
 friendly relations and broad and liberal trade intercourse between them. 
 
 That the interests alike of the Dominion anl of the ?]mpire would be materially 
 advanced by the establishing of such relations. 
 
 That the period of the old reciprocity treaty was one of marked prosperity to the 
 Britiiih North American colonies. 
 
 That the pretext under which the Grovernment appealed to the country in 1891 
 respecting negotiation for a treaty whh the United States was misleading i id dishonest 
 and intended to deceive the electorate. 
 
 That no sincere eflfort has been made by them to obtain a treaty, but that, on the 
 contlrary, it is manifest that the present Government, controlled as they are by mono- 
 polies and combint'S, are not desirous of securing such a treaty. 
 
 That the tirst step towards obtaining the t.id in view, is to place a party in power 
 who are sincerely desirous of promoting a treaty on terms honorable to both countries. 
 
 That a fair and libeial reciprocity treaty would develop the great natural resources 
 of Canada, would enormously increase the trade and commerce between the two coun- 
 tries, would tend to encourage friendly relations between the two peoples, would remove 
 many causes which have in the past provoked irritation and trouble to the Govern- 
 ments of both countries, and would promote those kindly relations between the Empire 
 and the Republic which aiford the best guarantee for peace and prosperity. 
 
 That the Liberal party is prepared to enter into negotiations with a view to 
 obtaining such a treaty, including a well considered list of manufactured articles, and 
 we are satisfied that any treaty so arranged will receive the assent of Her Majesty's 
 Government, without whoso approval no treaty can be made. 
 
 3.— Purity of Administration— Condemn Cormptipn- 
 
 That the Convention deplores the 'gross corruption in the management and 
 expenditure of pul)lic moneys which for years past has existed under the rule of the 
 Conservative party, and the revelations of which by the dill'erent parliamentary Com- 
 mittees of inquiry have brought disgrace upon the fair name of Canada. 
 
 The Government, which profited politically by these expenditures of public 
 moneys of which the people have been defrauded, and which, nevertheless, have 
 never punished the guilty parties, must be held responsible for the w^rongdoing. Wo 
 arraign the Govt^rnment for retaining in otiico a Minister of tho Crown proved to have 
 accepted very largo contributions of money for election purposes from the funds of a 
 railway company, which, while paying the political contributions to him, a member o£ 
 the Government, with one hand, was receiving Government subsidies with the other. 
 
 The conduct of the Minister and the approval oi his colleagues after the proof 
 became known to them are calculated to degrade Canada in the estimation of tho world 
 and deserve tho severe condemnation of the people. 
 
 4—Bemand Strictest Eoonomy—Deoreased Expenditure. 
 
 We cannot but view with alarm the large increase of the public debt and of the 
 controllable annual expenditure of the Dominion and the consequent undue taxation of the 
 people under the Government that has been continuously in power since 1878, and wo 
 demand the strictest economy ii^ the administration of the governmeut of the country. 
 
 \ 
 
 m^. 
 
15 
 
 ) 
 
 6— For Responsible OoTerAment— Zndependenoe of 
 
 F&rliament. 
 
 That the Oonvention regrets bat -jj the action of Ministers and their supporters in 
 Parliatneiit, in one case in which seriocj charges were made against a Minister of the 
 Crown, investigation was altogether refuseil, while in another case the charges preferred 
 were altered and then referred to a coramisbion appointed upon the advice of the 
 Ministry, contrary to the well settled practice of Parliament ; and this Convention 
 affirms : — That it is the ancient and undoubted r.'ght of the House of Comnaona to 
 inquire into all matters of public expenditure, and into all charges of misconduct in 
 office against Ministers of tne Crown, and the reference of such matters to royal oom- 
 misdions created upon the advice of the accuaed in at viirianco with the due responsibil- 
 ity of Ministers to the House of Commons, and tendn to weaken the authority of the 
 House over the Executive Government, and this Convention affirms that the powers of 
 the people's representatives in this regard should on all titling occasions be upheld. 
 
 6.— The Land for the Settler— Not for the Speonlator. 
 
 That in the opinion of this Convention the sales of public lands of the Dominion 
 should be to actual settlers only, and not to speculators, upon reasonable terms of settle- 
 ment, and in such areas as can be reasonably occupied and cultivated by the settler. 
 
 7— Oppose the Dominion Franchise Act— Favor tha 
 
 Frov.ncial FranoMse* 
 
 That the Franchise Act since its introduction bus cost the Dominion Treasury over 
 a million of dollars, besides entailinj^ a heavy expenditure to both political parties ; That 
 each revision involves an additional expenditure of a further quarter of a million ; That 
 this expenditure has prevented an annual revision, as originally intended, in the absence 
 of which young voters entitled to the f ranchia ^ have, in numerous instances, been pre- 
 vented from exercising iheir natural rights ; That it has failed to secure uniformity, 
 which was the principal reason assigned foi- its introduction ; Tliat it has produced gross 
 abuses by partiz=in revising barristers appointed by the Government of the day ; That 
 its provisions are less liberal than those already existing in many Provinces of the 
 Dominion, and that in the opinion of this Convention the Act should be repealed, and 
 we should revert to the Provmcial Franchise. 
 
 8— Against the Q-errymandor— County Boundaries should 
 
 he Freserved. 
 
 That by the Gerrymander Acts, the electoral divisions for the return of members to 
 the House of Commons have been so made as to prevent a fair expression of the opinion 
 of the country at the general elections, and 'i secure to the p^rty now in power a 
 strength out of all proportion greater than the i unber of electors supporting them would 
 warrant. To put an end to this abuse, to mak Se House of Commons a frir exponent 
 of public opinion, and to preserve the historic i it 'uity of counties, it is desirable that 
 in the formation ot electoral divisions, county Uv,- laries should be preserved, and that 
 in no case parts of dilferent counties should be pu ■ one electoral division. 
 
 9.— The Senate Defeotive— Amgnd the Constitution- 
 
 The present constitution of the ScnUo is inconsistent with the Federal principal in 
 our system of government, and is in other respects defective, as it makes the Senate 
 independent of the poople and uncontrolled by the public opinion of the country, and 
 shouKl bo so amended as to bring it into harmony with the principles of popular 
 government. 
 
 10.— Question of Frohibition— A Dominion Flehisoite* 
 
 Tliat whereas public attention is at present much directed to the consideration of 
 the admittedly great evils of intemperance, it is desirable that the mind of the people 
 should be clearly ascortafned on the question of Prohibition by means of a Dominion 
 Plebiscite. 
 
 THE LIBERAL LEADER. 
 
 In Hon. Wilfrid Laurier the Liberal party has a leader worthy to wear the mantle 
 of leadership which has descended in line of succession from such men as Robert Baldwin, 
 George Brown, Alexander Mackenzie and Edward Blake. He is a born leader of men| 
 
 m. 
 
16 
 
 firm, patient, ateftdfast of purpose, high minded, liberal in every thought, and thorougfalj 
 Canadian in his every ambition and aspiration for this country. His charming eloquenoe 
 as a speaker is known everywhere in the Dominion, In his oratory, he combines with 
 the direct and practical qualities of the Englishman, leathetic and magnetic characteristics 
 of the highest attractiveness. Although of French-Oanadian origin, a fact in which he 
 takes pardonable pride, he has been a close student of English history, and a follower 
 of English Liberalism. His political principles and love of liberty have come to him 
 through the same fountains from which his fellow Liberals of British origin have drawn 
 their inspiration. As a parliamentarian he is the peer of the most skilful and resourceful 
 of his contemporaries. He has made no mistakes or mis-steps since his accession to the 
 leadership in 1887, either in Parliament or face to face with the people iu the country. 
 He fought the general elections in 1891 with a manliness, vigor and temperaten^ws whidi 
 drew from his opponents words of unusual praise and respect. Since 1887 he has visited 
 Or ario every year at least once, and sometimes oftener, to address the people of this 
 province. In 1894 he not only toured through Ontario, but went to Manitoba, the 
 Territories and British Columbia. He has also made personal acquaintance with the 
 Maritime provinces. Thtough the means of these visits he has created a profound 
 impression throughout the Dominion, not less by bis earnestness, frankness and the vigor 
 vhich he discusses public affairs than the magnetism of his personality and the brilliance 
 of his eloquence. He has become more than a party chief ; be is a national leader to 
 whom Canadians of whatever province, origin, condition or creed look as the exponent of 
 the principles of freedom of trade, freedom of speecli, freedom of conscience. For twenty- 
 five years he has been a representative of the people in Parliament. His qualities as a 
 citizen and a statesman have become thoroughly known to the public ; and by opponents 
 as well as friends, after this long and severe ordeal, is admitted to be a statesman of 
 broad, liberal and patriotic aspirations, and as a man stands before the people of Canada 
 without fear and without '-eproach. 
 
 In this contest Mr. Laurier asks the people of Canada to declare that government be 
 carried on not for a party but for the couniry, not for the combines and corporations, but 
 for the plain, unorganized and un^ubsidized people. He asks that government shall not 
 combine to be a mere agency for the creation of places and the distribution of offices. He 
 asks the people t<o declare their condemnation of the enormous increase in the cost of 
 government since 1878, the wanton waste of public money, the Lachine bridge job, the 
 graving dock scandals, the Langevin block robbery, the Little Kapids extravagance, the 
 Tay canal waste, and a hundred other jobs and scandals in all parts of the country. He 
 asks the farmers to say by their votes if they are satisfied that the cost of administration 
 should go up as the prices of their products go down. He asks the workingmen to say if 
 they are satisfied with the policy of making millionaires in a few industries, if they are 
 prospering under the economic system that keeps down wages and keeps up the price of 
 store giKxls and household necessaries. He asks the manufacturers to say if the value of 
 the tax on their finished product is not more than offset by a limited market, an impov- 
 erished people, and heavy tax°s on raw material. He asks the fishermen to say if they 
 have received justice under the policy of the Ottawa department. He asks the Canadian 
 people to say if they are satisfied with the lamentable failure of the Government's plans 
 for settling the Northwest, which has cost us so much money. He Hsks the Canadian 
 people to say that a Government which heus wasted the public money and squandered the 
 public patrimony, and a policy which has failed to fulfil one of the promises of its authors, 
 and brought upon the country all the lamentable consequences foretold by its opponents, 
 shall be overthrown ; Canada rescued from the domination cf the combines, agriculture 
 emancipated, progress stimulated and prosperity restored. Never mind how you voted 
 in past elections. You are not the chattel of any party leader, or the serf of any political 
 organization. Never mind if you were a Government supporter in other days. It is 
 your business now to consider facts as demonstrated in your own experience. When 
 Peel introduced the bill repealing the Corn Laws he answered the taunt of his old fol- 
 lowers thus : " I claim for myself the privilege of yielding to the force of argument and 
 of acting upon the results of enlarged experience. It may be* supposed — some evidently 
 take it for granted — that it is humiliating to make such an admission. I feel no humilia- 
 tion. I do not feel abashed at saying that I have been in error. The question is whether 
 the facts are sufficient to account for the change, and whether the motives for it are pure 
 ftnd disinterested." The man who cannot vote against " his party " for his country !• 
 unworthy of the franchise and unfit for citizenship in a free community.